PMID- 19966704
TI  - Flexible cystoscopy: a revolution in urological practice.
AB  - Flexible cystoscopy has revolutionized the field of diagnostic urology. It can be
      done under local anaesthesia in the outpatient setting and is thus a highly
      useful tool. Its role in therapeutic urology is more limited but it still has a
      place in the management of certain conditions.

PMID- 19966705
TI  - The changing face of antibiotic therapy.
AB  - Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest challenges facing the NHS. Part of
      the solution is education and improved prescribing by doctors. Janssen-Cilag
      sponsored a meeting in May 2009 in Glasgow focussing on doripenem, a new
      carbapenem. This report highlights the role of doripenem in health-care
      associated infection control.

PMID- 19966706
TI  - An evaluation of the sources and availability of careers advice in UK medical
      schools.
AB  - This article reports a study evaluating the sources and availability of career
      advice available to students in UK medical schools in order to ascertain the need
      for an enhanced role for careers information in undergraduate curricula.

PMID- 19966707
TI  - Careers support.
AB  - In the wake of the Modernising Medical Careers reforms, the issue of careers
      support has risen up the medical education agenda. This article looks at best
      practice in providing careers support to junior doctors and considers how to
      advise trainees whose career plans you believe to be unrealistic.

PMID- 19966708
TI  - An unusual complication of an attempt to open the airway in a choking child.
AB  - The use of a blind finger sweep to clear the upper airway can cause subsequent
      problems when used in paediatric practice. This case report adds support to
      recommendations that this procedure should not be used, while simultaneously
      describing a complication the authors have not come across in the published
      literature.

PMID- 19966709
TI  - Concurrent emphysematous cholecystitis and emphysematous cystitis in a non
      diabetic patient.
AB  - Emphysematous cholecystitis and emphysematous cystitis occurring concurrently has
      not been reported before. This article discusses a non-diabetic patient suffering
      from both these conditions concurrently with Escherichia coli as the causative
      organism - a first in the medical literature.

PMID- 19966710
TI  - The perils of femoral vein catheterization.
AB  - Femoral vein catheterization can be undertaken easily and quickly by
      inexperienced physicians. However, accurate vein puncture is critical to reducing
      complications that include pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistulae formation.

PMID- 19966711
TI  - Harvey Cushing: a founding father of neurosurgery.
AB  - Harvey Cushing died 70 years ago, on 7 October, 1939, in his 71st year, of a
      myocardial infarction. He founded a school of neurosurgery whose disciples spread
      throughout the world, introduced the meticulous documentation of the clinical and
      pathological details of cerebral tumours, developed techniques of operative
      surgery which are now standard practice, has an endocrine disease which bears his
      name and even produced one of the best known medical biographies, the two-volume
      Life of Sir William Osler, which won the Pulitzer Prize for 1926.

PMID- 19966712
TI  - Assisted dying: the search continues.

PMID- 19966714
TI  - The bank of mum and dad: saving for your children.
AB  - If it were a normal business, the bank of mum and dad would probably be stretched
      to bursting point. On top of the everyday costs of bringing up children, the
      changing social and economic climate is putting increasing pressure on parents to
      make financial provision for their children well into adulthood.

PMID- 19966715
TI  - Regional anaesthesia for caesarean section: a choice of three techniques.
AB  - Over the last 20 years, there has been a large increase in the proportion of
      caesarean sections (Brown and Russell, 1995) which are performed under regional
      rather than general anaesthesia. A bilateral sensory block from the T4 dermatome
      (nipple level) to the sacral nerve roots (perineum) is necessary.

PMID- 19966716
TI  - Basic statistics: a guide for the foundation year doctor.

PMID- 19966717
TI  - Applied anatomy of cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy.
AB  - Doctors in training are called upon to perform many practical procedures - often
      under emergency conditions. All of these depend on a knowledge of their
      anatomical basis. All too often, the complications which occur, some serious and
      even life-threatening, are the result of failure to appreciate these anatomical
      facts. Arterial injury following 'venous' cannulation, damage to the liver or
      stomach after insertion of a chest drain, pneumothorax consequent on the
      insertion of a subclavian line - the list can go on and on. In this series of
      articles, the anatomical basis of a number of everyday procedures is described
      and illustrated.These articles are not intended to tell you how to do the
      procedure, but hopefully will help you 'visualize' the structures that you are
      dealing with and help prevent their injury.

PMID- 19966718
TI  - The unwell patient on haemodialysis: what you need to know on an acute medical
      take.
AB  - In the UK, approximately 300 people per million population require maintenance
      haemodialysis for end-stage renal failure.

PMID- 19966719
TI  - Understanding the metabolic response to trauma.
AB  - The management of the polytrauma patient is still a great challenge and trauma
      remains the leading cause of death in people under 40 years of age in the
      developed world (Keel and Trentz, 2005). The pattern of death following injury is
      classically described as having a trimodal distribution.

PMID- 19966720
TI  - Good medical records: a guide for the foundation year doctor.
AB  - Maintaining good medical records is essential for providing safe and effective
      patient care. The General Medical Council (2006), in Good Medical Practice,
      suggests that doctors should 'keep clear, accurate, legible and contemporaneous
      patient records which report the relevant clinical findings, the decisions made,
      the information given to patients and any drugs or other treatment prescribed'.
      While good medical practice is necessary throughout one's medical career it is
      important to develop good qualities early in the training.

PMID- 19966721
TI  - So you want to be ... a medical oncologist.
AB  - We are all influenced in our choice of career by senior doctors that we come into
      contact with as medical students or junior doctors. I had such an influential
      encounter as a student at Barts. Professor Gordon Hamilton-Fairley was a new
      breed in a fledgling specialty which was burgeoning in the USA as a result of
      dramatic advances in the treatment of patients with haematological malignancies,
      especially Hodgkin's disease. His appeared to be a rather maverick world, the
      treatments could not be found in any textbook and patients were scattered the
      length and breadth of the hospital.

PMID- 19966722
TI  - Obesity and diabetes: time to act.
AB  - Half of all adults will be obese by 2050 (Foresight, 2007). Globally, there are
      more than 1 billion overweight adults, at least 300 million of them clinically
      obese.

PMID- 19966723
TI  - Importance of accurate risk assessment and appropriate intervention in tissue
      viability.
AB  - CORRESPONDENCE Importance of accurate risk assessment and appropriate
      intervention in tissue viability Dear Editor, Re: Benbow M (2009) Assessing the
      risk of pressure ulcer development. Br J Nurs 18(15): S26-29 The recent article
      written by Maureen.

PMID- 19966724
TI  - Student bursary shake-up.
AB  - The Department of Health launched its consultation on the future of funding for
      healthcare students. Lyn Karstadt discusses how the consultation should see an
      end to the long-running disparity between nursing diploma students, who receive
      non-means-tested bursaries, and nursing degree students, who are means-tested.

PMID- 19966725
TI  - The Darzi report: implications for tissue viability nurses.
AB  - 'Transforming community services' (Darzi, 2009) is the second healthcare report
      to be authored by Lord Ara Darzi, which was published in July 2009. As the title
      suggests, it targets community services and includes specific, and sometimes
      disingenuous, implications for tissue viability in the community setting.

PMID- 19966727
TI  - Type 1 diabetes: identifying and evaluating patient injection technique.
AB  - A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is life changing, both physically and
      psychologically. This transformation requires a solid rapport between the patient
      and the diabetic specialist team to ensure the condition is managed successfully.
      Nevertheless, all general ward nurses should be aware of issues surrounding
      insulin administration, and thus participate in opportunistic identification,
      evaluation and empowerment of such patients when hospitalized. Patients that may
      be mismanaging their condition, irrespective of the length of diagnosis, would
      then be identified and referred appropriately to the specialist nurse before
      unnecessary complications arise. It is, however, evident that such measures are
      overlooked as a result of other constraints. This article explores how the ward
      is an ideal environment for identifying and evaluating the practical, physical
      and psychological components of patient insulin administration, through a direct
      observational approach. Discussion surrounding contributory barriers pertaining
      to its neglect, proactive implications for practice that potentially could
      overcome such issues, along with the underpinning pathophysiology, are addressed.
      Nurses will thus gain a greater perspective concerning the significance of
      routinely evaluating the competencies of patients' insulin administration within
      the ward environment.

PMID- 19966726
TI  - Recognizing and responding to hyperglycaemic emergencies.
AB  - Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are both
      diabetic emergencies associated with hyperglycaemia and can be fatal if
      healthcare professionals fail to recognize and intervene appropriately. While
      many students and qualified nurses may be able to recall common signs and
      symptoms related to DKA and HHS - for example polyuria, polydipsia and elevated
      blood sugars - understanding the physiological mechanisms behind abnormal
      observations and restoring homeostasis through appropriate management is far more
      complex. Health educators can play a significant role in contextualizing
      difficult concepts, such as DKA and HHS, so that these complex conditions can be
      recognized with greater confidence and competence in clinical practice.

PMID- 19966728
TI  - Accessories or necessities? Exploring consensus on usage of stoma accessories.
AB  - Usage and opinion of accessory products in stoma care vary enormously. The aim of
      this study was to identify what constitutes an accessory product and to find out
      whether there is any standardization regarding their recommendation. Views of
      both patients and stoma nurses were examined. Patients identify accessory
      products as being necessary both physically and psychologically in improving
      their quality of life. While stoma nurses identify that the psychological effects
      of having a stoma should never be underestimated, there is still concern
      regarding the cost of recommending these products and their clinical necessity.
      It would appear that clinical necessity is based on nurses' opinions and is not
      always evidence or research based. Since accessory products have been shown to be
      essential to many patients with a stoma, should stoma nurses be more empathetic
      when considering their recommendation?

PMID- 19966729
TI  - The importance of the International Congress of Nurses.
AB  - BJN 100 YEARS AGO The importance of the International Congress of Nurses n 1899,
      the Women's Congress was held in London. From among those nurses present, The
      International Council of Nurses was formed. Mrs Bedford-Fenwick, who was editor
      of the BJN.

PMID- 19966730
TI  - Prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia.
AB  - All patients undergoing surgery are at risk of developing hypothermia; up to 70%
      develop hypothermia perioperatively. Inadvertent hypothermia is associated with
      complications such as impaired wound healing, increased blood loss, cardiac
      arrest and increased risk of wound infection. Anaesthesia increases the risk as
      the normal protective shivering reflex is absent. Ambient temperature also has a
      major effect on the patient's body temperature. Prevention of hypothermia not
      only reduces the incidence of complications, but patients also experience a
      greater level of comfort, and avoid postoperative shivering and the unpleasant
      sensation of feeling cold. Nurses should be aware of the risks of hypothermia so
      that preventative interventions can be employed to minimize the risk of
      hypothermia. Preoperative assessment is essential to enable identification of at
      risk patients. Simple precautionary measures initiated by nurses can considerably
      reduce the amount of heat lost, minimize the risk of associated complications and
      ultimately improve patients' short- and long-term recovery. Minimizing skin
      exposure, providing adequate bed linen for the transfer to theatre and educating
      patients about the importance of keeping warm perioperatively are all extremely
      important. It is also worth considering using forced-air warmers preoperatively
      as research suggests that initiating active warming preoperatively may be
      successful in preventing hypothermia during the perioperative period.

PMID- 19966731
TI  - Managing chronic oedema in the morbidly obese patient.
AB  - The obesity epidemic has become one of the major challenges for health and social
      policy makers around the world. The increase in obesity is commensurate with the
      rise in associated complications, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular
      disease and some types of cancer (breast, colon, endometrium, prostrate, kidney
      and gallbladder). There are also increased cost implications for health services,
      welfare services and employers. A crude estimate of approximately 15000 patients
      attending a US clinic showed almost 75% of morbidly obese patients have chronic
      oedema of the legs. An audit of body mass index of patients attending a
      specialist lymphoedema clinic showed 36% were clinically obese and 23% were
      morbidly obese. This has major implications for lymphoedema practitioners in
      terms of allocating time and resources, and health and safety issues relating to
      providing a safe environment for both patients and practitioners. This article
      investigates the financial and health consequences of the rising obesity problem
      and outlines some of the strategies implemented to halt this trend. The effects
      and management of chronic oedema in the morbidly obese patient are also
      presented.

PMID- 19966732
TI  - A critical review of auscultating bowel sounds.
AB  - Auscultation (listening for bowel sounds) is part of an abdominal physical
      assessment and is performed to determine whether normal bowel sounds are present.
      This article evaluates the technique involved in listening for bowel sounds and
      the significance of both normal and abnormal auscultation findings. Review of the
      relevant literature reveals conflicting information and a lack of available
      research on the topic of auscultating bowel sounds. The clinical significance of
      auscultation findings when there is no evidence base to support the practice of
      listening for bowel sounds is explored by further analysis of the literature and
      reflection by the author on the teaching she received and her own personal
      practice.

PMID- 19966733
TI  - Regulating organ transplantation: a case for reform?
AB  - Organ transplantation has been one of the great medical miracles: from the first
      kidney transplant, through to Christian Barnard's first heart transplant in the
      1960s, to face transplants. However, the need for organs for transplant has never
      been matched by a ready supply. It has been argued by some commentators that the
      shortage could be radically reduced or even eradicated by legal reform, such as
      the introduction of 'opt-out' legislation or a market in organs. This article
      explores the current law regulating organ transplantation and the case for
      reform. It suggests that to focus upon legal reform as a means of addressing the
      transplant 'crisis' may be an unduly simplistic response. The shortage of organs
      for transplantation cannot be easily resolved by a single piece of legislative
      reform.

PMID- 19966734
TI  - Recruiting minimum-age nurses: is the profession ready?
AB  - The minimum age restriction for entry onto nursing courses of 17.5 years has
      recently been removed. Students of 16 and 17 years could potentially be on nurse
      education programmes and therefore in clinical practice in the very near future.
      This could be a beginning of a trend, and might be influenced by the current
      economic climate affecting education and employment. This article outlines the
      context of the situation, and describes the strategy taken by one higher
      education institution in conjunction with clinical practice providers to devise
      processes and protocols in readiness for young people applying to enter nurse
      education. Clinical practice concerns are discussed, with emphasis on
      implications for risk assessments. The authors presented the key findings at the
      Royal College of Nursing Admissions Tutors Conference on 7 November 2008, where
      considerable interest was generated in the issues arising.

PMID- 19966735
TI  - A local response to implementing Saving Lives in a large acute Trust.
AB  - Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a high priority for health
      professionals. Under the Health and Social Care Act (2008), NHS organizations
      that fail to comply with the duties in the act could, in extreme cases, be liable
      for prosecution. Saving Lives (2007) is a national strategy to prevent and
      control HCAIs which incorporates seven high-impact interventions or care bundles.
      These relate to clinical procedures that must be performed correctly and in the
      same order for each patient, every time, to reduce the risk of a patient
      contracting an HCAI. Within a large Trust in the north east of England, five
      practice improvement facilitators were employed to assist with the implementation
      of the Department of Health's Saving Lives programme. A steering group consisting
      of senior multidisciplinary team members was set up. One of the aims of the group
      was to reduce variations in practice and to standardize documentation and
      clinical practice. This article describes how phase I of the programme was
      implemented across the Trust and discusses the standardized documentation
      developed.

PMID- 19966736
TI  - Contradictions at the end of life.
AB  - There are many contradictions and opposites in health care today, and yet none as
      topical and controversial as the present situation concerning the quality of life
      for patients with chronic illnesses and debilitating conditions. On the one hand,
      there are people queuing up to go to Swiss assisted-suicide clinic, Dignitas, to
      die. On the other, there are many people with chronic conditions wanting to be
      resuscitated despite how futile such an exercise may be.

PMID- 19966737
TI  - The dangers of using Google as a diagnostic aid.
AB  - A bit better than tossing a coin. That's the odds of Google searches revealing
      the correct diagnosis. A study by Tang and Ng (2006), to determine how often
      searching with Google leads to the correct diagnosis, found that in 15 cases (out
      of 26) it was correct.

PMID- 19966738
TI  - Starving amidst plenty: malnutrition is still a problem.
AB  - 'Thousands of patients are annually starved in the midst of plenty for want of
      attention to the ways which alone make it possible for them to take food'
      (Florence Nightingale, 1860).

PMID- 19966739
TI  - Airway management of an elective surgical patient.
AB  - Airway management is a skill that all healthcare professionals need to learn.
      This skill is used in two specific areas. First, in emergency situations such as
      cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. Second, and the subject of this article,
      the postanaesthetic patient. This article explores not only the anatomy of the
      respiratory system but the different techniques and methods employed to manage a
      patient's airway. Airway management can be divided into three distinct phases.
      The first phase deals with the management of the airway while the patient
      undergoes an operation; this is managed by the anaesthetist. While the second
      phase deals with the patient's airway in the immediate recovery period, it
      usually occurs in a recover room and is managed by a recovery nurse. The third
      phase is when the patient returns to the ward, and for the first 24-48 hours
      after a general anaesthetic. It is only by recognizing the signs and symptoms of
      respiratory distress and initiating effective treatment that serious consequences
      can be avoided.

PMID- 19966740
TI  - Developing a breath-stacking system to achieve lung volume recruitment.
AB  - Patients with neuromuscular disease often experience respiratory problems. It is
      recognized that lung volume recruitment is an effective way of managing and often
      avoiding respiratory problems associated with muscle weakness. There are a number
      of methods that may be employed to provide this client group with lung volume
      recruitment, but some can be quite costly or difficult to manage. This article
      describes the local development of a breath-stacking system based on an existing
      respiratory therapy product designed to achieve lung volume recruitment. The
      system was developed through consultation with The National Home Ventilation
      Benchmarking Group and adapted as a procedure; practice guidelines were also
      drawn up. Initial local informal feedback provides an insight into the success of
      its use for patients with neuromuscular diseases.

PMID- 19966741
TI  - Urinary tract infection: diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
AB  - Healthcare interventions can be episodic, and a target-based culture can lead to
      clinicians focusing on treating and discharging a person in a certain time frame
      to meet targets. When health care is delivered in pressurized acute environments,
      a holistic approach to a person's health may be lost. Urinary tract infection is
      the most common healthcare-acquired infection in the UK, and treatment in an
      acute setting may be episodic. This case study of an 85-year-old female with a
      urinary tract infection illustrates how viewing each episode of care in isolation
      can lead to sub-optimal care that does not address the underlying causes of
      problems. Drawing on the evidence regarding best practice in diagnosis, treatment
      and prevention of urinary tract infection, it shows how holistic evidence-based
      care can address underlying problems, reduce the risk of infection and adverse
      events, provide high quality care and deliver successful patient outcomes.

PMID- 19966742
TI  - Classification of schizophrenia. Part one: the enduring existence of madness.
AB  - The classification of schizophrenia is currently under review in a coordinated
      worldwide consultation for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
      Disorders (DSM V) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 11) - the
      standard manuals for psychiatric classification. To understand the issues under
      consideration, the underpinning foundations of the concept need to be understood.
      This article, the first of two parts, analyses the theoretical input of
      Kraepelin, Bleuler, Jaspers, Schneider and Crow in order to delineate the
      boundaries of current discussions. The second part will analyze the importance of
      nursing engagement with classification by contrasting it with the harm of not
      doing so.

PMID- 19966744
TI  - Testicular cancer: addressing the psychosexual issues.
AB  - Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in men aged 15-35 years and
      predominantly occurs at a time in a man's life when important decisions about
      marriage, starting a family and a professional career are being made. While
      treatments for testicular cancer are very successful, they can have a major
      impact on the person's sexuality and sense of self. The focus of this article is
      on exploring the impact of cancer treatments for testicular cancer on men's
      sexuality and how nurses can respond to their concerns in a sensitive and
      informed manner.

PMID- 19966745
TI  - The impact of the NHS (Charges to Overseas Visitors) regulations (1989).
AB  - This article discusses the NHS (Charges to Overseas Visitors) Regulations 1989
      and subsequent amendments in relation to refused asylum seekers. It explores the
      impact of the regulations on the health care experienced by this group. The
      regulations have been chosen because of their contentious nature in relation to
      refused asylum seekers (Amnesty International, 2004). First, the evidence and
      rationale behind the formation of the regulations is examined. The article then
      considers how the restricted access to health care impacts on the health of
      refused asylum seekers and how this relates to international law. Lastly, it
      discusses inconsistencies within the regulations.

PMID- 19966746
TI  - Right to receive treatment in accordance with the Human Rights Act 1998.
AB  - The question of whether a patient can rely upon a right to treatment in the
      courts is a topical and controversial one. This article provides a short summary
      of the current law on this issue and concludes that, while there is no
      substantive right to treatment as such, the courts are increasingly willing to
      enforce procedural requirements onto those bodies that make funding decisions.
      These procedural requirements seek to ensure that each patient is assessed on the
      basis of his or her individual clinical needs. Blanket policies against funding
      particular treatments are not permitted, but neither are funding decisions based
      on exceptional personal (non-clinical) circumstances. Individual clinical needs
      are always relevant and must be taken into account. Provided that the body making
      funding decisions satisfies this requirement, the courts will be reluctant to
      intervene with decisions about the provision of medical treatment.

PMID- 19966747
TI  - Development of an attrition risk prediction tool.
AB  - AIM: To review lecturers' and students' perceptions of the factors that may lead
      to attrition from pre-registration nursing and midwifery programmes and to
      identify ways to reduce the impact of such factors on the student's experience.
      BACKGROUND: Comparable attrition rates for nursing and midwifery students across
      various universities are difficult to monitor accurately; however, estimates that
      there is approximately a 25% national attrition rate are not uncommon. The
      financial and human implications of this are significant and worthy of
      investigation. METHOD: A study was carried out in one medium-sized UK school of
      nursing and midwifery, aimed at identifying perceived factors associated with
      attrition and retention. Thirty-five lecturers were interviewed individually; 605
      students completed a questionnaire, and of these, 10 were individually
      interviewed. Attrition data kept by the student service department were reviewed.
      Data were collected over an 18-month period in 2007-2008. FINDINGS: Regression
      analysis of the student data identified eight significant predictors. Four of
      these were 'positive' factors in that they aided student retention and four were
      'negative' in that they were associated with students' thoughts of resigning.
      CONCLUSION: Student attrition and retention is multifactorial, and, as such,
      needs to be managed holistically. One aspect of this management could be an
      attrition risk prediction tool.

PMID- 19966748
TI  - Nanotechnology: the revolution of the big future with tiny medicine.
AB  - The historically unprecedented developments of nanoscience and nanotechnology
      (NT) promise to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease
      and traumatic injury, to relieve pain, and to preserve and improve human health,
      using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the body. This article focuses
      on what is known as nanomedicine, referring to a definition of NT, its historical
      overview and developments as well as its application to medicine. In
      revolutionizing the manufacturing process to a nanoscale, NT promises to resolve
      the problems currently faced by the human race. However, in embracing this
      panacea, its implications, particularly within health care, cannot be ignored.
      This article, therefore, provides a thought-provoking consideration of how NT is
      likely to impact on nursing, together with the issues likely to be encountered
      during the care delivery process. Finally, some of the ethical questions nurses
      need to debate has been raised.

PMID- 19966749
TI  - The provision of information for patients prior to cataract surgery.
AB  - This clinical audit evaluates the provision of patient information. It also
      establishes patients' views on satisfaction regarding the information provided at
      nurse-led preoperative assessment prior to giving informed consent for cataract
      surgery. A quantitative descriptive audit was conducted using a questionnaire, by
      which the questions reflected the baseline standards. A convenience sample of 75
      postcataract patients took part in this retrospective audit. All 75 patients
      stated that they were either 'very satisfied' or 'satisfied' with both the verbal
      explanation and written information received, and identified the preoperative
      assessment nurse as the main source of information.

PMID- 19966750
TI  - Blase about drug administration.
AB  - The trouble with some tasks and procedures in nursing is that you get too used to
      them, and errors inevitably set in. No other area is as vulnerable to this as
      drug administration. A recent report from the National Patient Safety Agency
      highlighted that dozens of patients are killed every year by drug errors. In
      2007, the watchdog received reports from NHS staff of 86 000 mistakes in
      prescribing or administering medicines, compared with 36 335 errors in 2005. In
      England and Wales, in 96% of cases the incidents caused low or no harm, but 37
      patients died during 2007, and another 63 suffered severe harm.

PMID- 19966751
TI  - Optical recording of electrical activity in guinea-pig enteric networks using
      voltage-sensitive dyes.
AB  - The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a self-contained network with identified
      functions, capable of performing complex behaviors in isolation. Its neurons (10
      to 25 microm in diameter) are arranged in plexuses that are confined to distinct
      planes of the gut wall (1); the myenteric plexus can be found between the
      longitudinal and circular muscle layers, and the submucous plexus between the
      circular muscle layer and the mucosa. Since the effector systems for these
      plexuses (transporting epithelium, endocrine cells, immune elements, blood
      vessels and smooth muscle) are also contained within the gut wall, semi-intact
      preparations can be dissected that preserve individual components of different
      reflex pathways. The behavior of the effector systems is controlled by the
      submucous and myenteric plexuses acting in concert. Therefore, detailed knowledge
      of synaptic interactions within and between ganglia, and of communication between
      the plexuses, is essential for understanding normal gastrointestinal function.
      The ENS, as an intact nervous system, is a unique experimental model in which one
      can correlate molecular and cellular events with the electrical behavior of the
      neuronal network and its physiological outputs. Because of the quasi-two
      dimensional organization of its plexuses, the ENS is particularly well suited for
      the study of neural networks using multiple site optical recording techniques
      that employ voltage-sensitive dyes (2,7,8,9). We will illustrate here the use of
      a relatively new naphthylstyryl-pyridinium dye (di-4-ANEPPDHQ) (3) that offers
      multiple advantages over its predecessors, including very low phototoxicity, slow
      rate of internalization, and remarkable chemical stability. When used in
      conjunction with a camera that permits sub-millisecond time resolution, this dye
      allows us to monitor the electrical activity of all the neurons in the field of
      view with a maximal spatial resolution of approximately 2.5 microm at 100X
      magnification. At lower magnification (10X or 20X), the sacrifice of single-cell
      resolution is compensated by a gain in perspective, revealing the intricacies of
      the inter-ganglionic circuitry.

PMID- 19966752
TI  - Cutting out the middleman.

PMID- 19966757
TI  - Markers of dispute.

PMID- 19966758
TI  - Prostate clues in the genome.

PMID- 19966760
TI  - Straight talk with...Warwick Anderson. [Interviewed by Simon Grose].

PMID- 19966768
TI  - Memantine strikes the perfect balance.

PMID- 19966769
TI  - Atherosclerosis: keep your macrophages in shape.

PMID- 19966770
TI  - Quelling cholesterol pathway fends off brain damage.

PMID- 19966771
TI  - Beyond TGF-beta: a prostaglandin promotes fibrosis.

PMID- 19966773
TI  - Immune modulation: IL-1, master mediator or initiator of inflammation.

PMID- 19966774
TI  - Immune modulation: Turncoat regulatory T cells.

PMID- 19966776
TI  - A purine scaffold Hsp90 inhibitor destabilizes BCL-6 and has specific antitumor
      activity in BCL-6-dependent B cell lymphomas.
AB  - We report that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors selectively kill diffuse
      large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) that depend on the BCL-6 transcriptional
      repressor. We found that endogenous Hsp90 interacts with BCL-6 in DLBCL cells and
      can stabilize BCL-6 mRNA and protein. Hsp90 formed a complex with BCL-6 at its
      target promoters, and Hsp90 inhibitors derepressed BCL-6 target genes. A stable
      mutant of BCL-6 rescued DLBCL cells from Hsp90 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. BCL-6
      and Hsp90 were almost invariantly coexpressed in the nuclei of primary DLBCL
      cells, suggesting that their interaction is relevant in this disease. We examined
      the pharmacokinetics, toxicity and efficacy of PU-H71, a recently developed
      purine-derived Hsp90 inhibitor. PU-H71 preferentially accumulated in lymphomas
      compared to normal tissues and selectively suppressed BCL-6-dependent DLBCLs in
      vivo, inducing reactivation of key BCL-6 target genes and apoptosis. PU-H71 also
      induced cell death in primary human DLBCL specimens.

PMID- 19966777
TI  - Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammation after
      skin injury.
AB  - The normal microflora of the skin includes staphylococcal species that will
      induce inflammation when present below the dermis but are tolerated on the
      epidermal surface without initiating inflammation. Here we reveal a previously
      unknown mechanism by which a product of staphylococci inhibits skin inflammation.
      This inhibition is mediated by staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and acts
      selectively on keratinocytes triggered through Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3). We
      show that TLR3 activation is required for normal inflammation after injury and
      that keratinocytes require TLR3 to respond to RNA from damaged cells with the
      release of inflammatory cytokines. Staphylococcal LTA inhibits both inflammatory
      cytokine release from keratinocytes and inflammation triggered by injury through
      a TLR2-dependent mechanism. To our knowledge, these findings show for the first
      time that the skin epithelium requires TLR3 for normal inflammation after
      wounding and that the microflora can modulate specific cutaneous inflammatory
      responses.

PMID- 19966778
TI  - Reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress through a macrophage lipid chaperone
      alleviates atherosclerosis.
AB  - Macrophages show endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress when exposed to lipotoxic
      signals associated with atherosclerosis, although the pathophysiological
      importance and the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Here
      we show that mitigation of ER stress with a chemical chaperone results in marked
      protection against lipotoxic death in macrophages and prevents macrophage fatty
      acid-binding protein-4 (aP2) expression. Using genetic and chemical models, we
      show that aP2 is the predominant regulator of lipid-induced macrophage ER stress.
      The absence of lipid chaperones incites an increase in the production of
      phospholipids rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive lipids that
      render macrophages resistant to lipid-induced ER stress. Furthermore, the impact
      of aP2 on macrophage lipid metabolism and the ER stress response is mediated by
      upregulation of key lipogenic enzymes by the liver X receptor. Our results
      demonstrate the central role for lipid chaperones in regulating ER homeostasis in
      macrophages in atherosclerosis and show that ER responses can be modified,
      genetically or chemically, to protect the organism against the deleterious
      effects of hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 19966779
TI  - Enhanced tonic GABAA inhibition in typical absence epilepsy.
AB  - The cellular mechanisms underlying typical absence seizures, which characterize
      various idiopathic generalized epilepsies, are not fully understood, but impaired
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibition remains an attractive hypothesis.
      In contrast, we show here that extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptor-dependent 'tonic'
      inhibition is increased in thalamocortical neurons from diverse genetic and
      pharmacological models of absence seizures. Increased tonic inhibition is due to
      compromised GABA uptake by the GABA transporter GAT-1 in the genetic models
      tested, and GAT-1 is crucial in governing seizure genesis. Extrasynaptic GABA(A)
      receptors are a requirement for seizures in two of the best characterized models
      of absence epilepsy, and the selective activation of thalamic extrasynaptic
      GABA(A) receptors is sufficient to elicit both electrographic and behavioral
      correlates of seizures in normal rats. These results identify an apparently
      common cellular pathology in typical absence seizures that may have epileptogenic
      importance and highlight potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of
      absence epilepsy.

PMID- 19966780
TI  - Role of NMDA receptor-dependent activation of SREBP1 in excitotoxic and ischemic
      neuronal injuries.
AB  - Excitotoxic neuronal damage caused by overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate
      glutamate receptors (NMDARs) is thought to be a principal cause of neuronal loss
      after stroke and brain trauma. Here we report that activation of sterol
      regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) transcription factor in affected
      neurons is an essential step in NMDAR-mediated excitotoxic neuronal death in both
      in vitro and in vivo models of stroke. The NMDAR-mediated activation of SREBP-1
      is a result of increased insulin-induced gene-1 (Insig-1) degradation, which can
      be inhibited with an Insig-1-derived interference peptide (Indip) that we have
      developed. Using a focal ischemia model of stroke, we show that systemic
      administration of Indip not only prevents SREBP-1 activation but also
      substantially reduces neuronal damage and improves behavioral outcome. Our study
      suggests that agents that reduce SREBP-1 activation such as Indip may represent a
      new class of neuroprotective therapeutics against stroke.

PMID- 19966781
TI  - Prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor signaling facilitates bleomycin-induced
      pulmonary fibrosis independently of transforming growth factor-beta.
AB  - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease characterized by
      fibroblast proliferation and excess deposition of collagen and other
      extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which lead to distorted lung architecture
      and function. Given that anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive therapy currently
      used for IPF does not improve disease progression therapies targeted to blocking
      the mechanisms of fibrogenesis are needed. Although transforming growth factor
      beta (TGF-beta) functions are crucial in fibrosis, antagonizing this pathway in
      bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, an animal model of IPF, does not prevent
      fibrosis completely, indicating an additional pathway also has a key role in
      fibrogenesis. Given that the loss of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2))
      suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we examined the roles of
      prostaglandins using mice lacking each prostoaglandin receptor. Here we show that
      loss of prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP) selectively attenuates pulmonary
      fibrosis while maintaining similar levels of alveolar inflammation and TGF-beta
      stimulation as compared to wild-type (WT) mice, and that FP deficiency and
      inhibition of TGF-beta signaling additively decrease fibrosis. Furthermore,
      PGF(2alpha) is abundant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of subjects with
      IPF and stimulates proliferation and collagen production of lung fibroblasts via
      FP, independently of TGF-beta. These findings show that PGF(2alpha)-FP signaling
      facilitates pulmonary fibrosis independently of TGF-beta and suggests this
      signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for IPF.

PMID- 19966782
TI  - Comprehensive genomic access to vector integration in clinical gene therapy.
AB  - Retroviral vectors have induced subtle clonal skewing in many gene therapy
      patients and severe clonal proliferation and leukemia in some of them,
      emphasizing the need for comprehensive integration site analyses to assess the
      biosafety and genomic pharmacokinetics of vectors and clonal fate of gene
      modified cells in vivo. Integration site analyses such as linear amplification
      mediated PCR (LAM-PCR) require a restriction digest generating unevenly small
      fragments of the genome. Here we show that each restriction motif allows for
      identification of only a fraction of all genomic integrants, hampering the
      understanding and prediction of biological consequences after vector insertion.
      We developed a model to define genomic access to the viral integration site that
      provides optimal restriction motif combinations and minimizes the percentage of
      nonaccessible insertion loci. We introduce a new nonrestrictive LAM-PCR approach
      that has superior capabilities for comprehensive unbiased integration site
      retrieval in preclinical and clinical samples independent of restriction motifs
      and amplification inefficiency.

PMID- 19966783
TI  - An actomyosin-based barrier inhibits cell mixing at compartmental boundaries in
      Drosophila embryos.
AB  - Partitioning tissues into compartments that do not intermix is essential for the
      correct morphogenesis of animal embryos and organs. Several hypotheses have been
      proposed to explain compartmental cell sorting, mainly differential adhesion, but
      also regulation of the cytoskeleton or of cell proliferation. Nevertheless, the
      molecular and cellular mechanisms that keep cells apart at boundaries remain
      unclear. Here we demonstrate, in early Drosophila melanogaster embryos, that
      actomyosin-based barriers stop cells from invading neighbouring compartments. Our
      analysis shows that cells can transiently invade neighbouring compartments,
      especially when they divide, but are then pushed back into their compartment of
      origin. Actomyosin cytoskeletal components are enriched at compartmental
      boundaries, forming cable-like structures when the epidermis is mitotically
      active. When MyoII (non-muscle myosin II) function is inhibited, including
      locally at the cable by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (CALI), in live
      embryos, dividing cells are no longer pushed back, leading to compartmental cell
      mixing. We propose that local regulation of actomyosin contractibility, rather
      than differential adhesion, is the primary mechanism sorting cells at
      compartmental boundaries.

PMID- 19966784
TI  - Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity during neural
      tube closure.
AB  - Craniorachischisis is a rare but severe birth defect that results in a completely
      open neural tube. Mouse mutants in planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling
      components have deficits in the morphological movements of convergent extension
      that result in craniorachischisis. Using a forward genetic screen in mice, we
      identified Sec24b, a cargo-sorting member of the core complex of the endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport vesicle COPII, as critical for neural tube
      closure. Sec24bY613 mutant mice exhibit craniorachischisis, deficiencies in
      convergent extension and other PCP-related phenotypes. Vangl2, a key component of
      the PCP-signalling pathway critical for convergent extension, is selectively
      sorted into COPII vesicles by Sec24b. Moreover, Sec24bY613 genetically interacts
      with a loss-of-function Vangl2 allele (Vangl2LP), causing a marked increase in
      the prevalence of spina bifida. Interestingly, the Vangl2 looptail point mutants
      Vangl2D255E and Vangl2S464N, known to cause defects in convergent extension, fail
      to sort into COPII vesicles and are trapped in the ER. Thus, during COPII vesicle
      formation, Sec24b shows cargo specificity for a core PCP component, Vangl2, of
      which proper ER-to-Golgi transport is essential for the establishment of PCP,
      convergent extension and closure of the neural tube.

PMID- 19966785
TI  - Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway.
AB  - Exosomes are secreted membrane vesicles that share structural and biochemical
      characteristics with intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes (MVEs).
      Exosomes could be involved in intercellular communication and in the pathogenesis
      of infectious and degenerative diseases. The molecular mechanisms of exosome
      biogenesis and secretion are, however, poorly understood. Using an RNA
      interference (RNAi) screen, we identified five Rab GTPases that promote exosome
      secretion in HeLa cells. Among these, Rab27a and Rab27b were found to function in
      MVE docking at the plasma membrane. The size of MVEs was strongly increased by
      Rab27a silencing, whereas MVEs were redistributed towards the perinuclear region
      upon Rab27b silencing. Thus, the two Rab27 isoforms have different roles in the
      exosomal pathway. In addition, silencing two known Rab27 effectors, Slp4 (also
      known as SYTL4, synaptotagmin-like 4) and Slac2b (also known as EXPH5, exophilin
      5), inhibited exosome secretion and phenocopied silencing of Rab27a and Rab27b,
      respectively. Our results therefore strengthen the link between MVEs and
      exosomes, and introduce ways of manipulating exosome secretion in vivo.

PMID- 19966786
TI  - Large, rare chromosomal deletions associated with severe early-onset obesity.
AB  - Obesity is a highly heritable and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Here we
      investigated the contribution of copy number variation to obesity in 300
      Caucasian patients with severe early-onset obesity, 143 of whom also had
      developmental delay. Large (>500 kilobases), rare (<1%) deletions were
      significantly enriched in patients compared to 7,366 controls (P < 0.001). We
      identified several rare copy number variants that were recurrent in patients but
      absent or at much lower prevalence in controls. We identified five patients with
      overlapping deletions on chromosome 16p11.2 that were found in 2 out of 7,366
      controls (P < 5 x 10(-5)). In three patients the deletion co-segregated with
      severe obesity. Two patients harboured a larger de novo 16p11.2 deletion,
      extending through a 593-kilobase region previously associated with autism and
      mental retardation; both of these patients had mild developmental delay in
      addition to severe obesity. In an independent sample of 1,062 patients with
      severe obesity alone, the smaller 16p11.2 deletion was found in an additional two
      patients. All 16p11.2 deletions encompass several genes but include SH2B1, which
      is known to be involved in leptin and insulin signalling. Deletion carriers
      exhibited hyperphagia and severe insulin resistance disproportionate for the
      degree of obesity. We show that copy number variation contributes significantly
      to the genetic architecture of human obesity.

PMID- 19966787
TI  - Identification of an aggression-promoting pheromone and its receptor neurons in
      Drosophila.
AB  - Aggression is regulated by pheromones in many animal species. However, in no
      system have aggression pheromones, their cognate receptors and corresponding
      sensory neurons been identified. Here we show that 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA),
      a male-specific volatile pheromone, robustly promotes male-male aggression in the
      vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. The aggression-promoting effect of synthetic
      cVA requires olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing the receptor Or67d, as
      well as the receptor itself. Activation of Or67d-expressing OSNs, either by
      genetic manipulation of their excitability or by exposure to male pheromones in
      the absence of other classes of OSNs, is sufficient to promote aggression. High
      densities of male flies can promote aggression by the release of volatile cVA. In
      turn, cVA-promoted aggression can promote male fly dispersal from a food
      resource, in a manner dependent on Or67d-expressing OSNs. These data indicate
      that cVA may mediate negative-feedback control of male population density,
      through its effect on aggression. Identification of a pheromone-OSN pair
      controlling aggression in a genetic organism opens the way to unravelling the
      neurobiology of this evolutionarily conserved behaviour.

PMID- 19966788
TI  - Relating diffusion along the substrate tunnel and oxygen sensitivity in
      hydrogenase.
AB  - In hydrogenases and many other redox enzymes, the buried active site is connected
      to the solvent by a molecular channel whose structure may determine the enzyme's
      selectivity with respect to substrate and inhibitors. The role of these channels
      has been addressed using crystallography and molecular dynamics, but kinetic data
      are scarce. Using protein film voltammetry, we determined and then compared the
      rates of inhibition by CO and O2 in ten NiFe hydrogenase mutants and two FeFe
      hydrogenases. We found that the rate of inhibition by CO is a good proxy of the
      rate of diffusion of O2 toward the active site. Modifying amino acids whose side
      chains point inside the tunnel can slow this rate by orders of magnitude. We
      quantitatively define the relations between diffusion, the Michaelis constant for
      H2 and rates of inhibition, and we demonstrate that certain enzymes are slowly
      inactivated by O2 because access to the active site is slow.

PMID- 19966790
TI  - A silicon-based electrical source of surface plasmon polaritons.
AB  - After decades of process scaling driven by Moore's law, the silicon
      microelectronics world is now defined by length scales that are many times
      smaller than the dimensions of typical micro-optical components. This size
      mismatch poses an important challenge for those working to integrate photonics
      with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics technology. One
      promising solution is to fabricate optical systems at metal/dielectric
      interfaces, where electromagnetic modes called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)
      offer unique opportunities to confine and control light at length scales below
      100 nm (refs 1, 2). Research groups working in the rapidly developing field of
      plasmonics have now demonstrated many passive components that suggest the
      potential of SPPs for applications in sensing and optical communication.
      Recently, active plasmonic devices based on III-V materials and organic materials
      have been reported. An electrical source of SPPs was recently demonstrated using
      organic semiconductors by Koller and colleagues. Here we show that a silicon
      based electrical source for SPPs can be fabricated using established low
      temperature microtechnology processes that are compatible with back-end CMOS
      technology.

PMID- 19966791
TI  - High-performance polymer semiconducting heterostructure devices by nitrene
      mediated photocrosslinking of alkyl side chains.
AB  - Heterostructures are central to the efficient manipulation of charge carriers,
      excitons and photons for high-performance semiconductor devices. Although these
      can be formed by stepwise evaporation of molecular semiconductors, they are a
      considerable challenge for polymers owing to re-dissolution of the underlying
      layers. Here we demonstrate a simple and versatile photocrosslinking methodology
      based on sterically hindered bis(fluorophenyl azide)s. The photocrosslinking
      efficiency is high and dominated by alkyl side-chain insertion reactions, which
      do not degrade semiconductor properties. We demonstrate two new back-infiltrated
      and contiguous interpenetrating donor-acceptor heterostructures for photovoltaic
      applications that inherently overcome internal recombination losses by ensuring
      path continuity to give high carrier-collection efficiency. This provides the
      appropriate morphology for high-efficiency polymer-based photovoltaics. We also
      demonstrate photopatternable polymer-based field-effect transistors and light
      emitting diodes, and highly efficient separate-confinement-heterostructure light
      emitting diodes. These results open the way to the general development of high
      performance polymer semiconductor heterostructures that have not previously been
      thought possible.

PMID- 19966789
TI  - Reduced histone deacetylase 7 activity restores function to misfolded CFTR in
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Chemical modulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity by HDAC inhibitors
      (HDACi) is an increasingly important approach for modifying the etiology of human
      disease. Loss-of-function diseases arise as a consequence of protein misfolding
      and degradation, which lead to system failures. The DeltaF508 mutation in cystic
      fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) results in the absence of the
      cell surface chloride channel and a loss of airway hydration, leading to the
      premature lung failure and reduced lifespan responsible for cystic fibrosis. We
      now show that the HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) restores surface
      channel activity in human primary airway epithelia to levels that are 28% of
      those of wild-type CFTR. Biological silencing of all known class I and II HDACs
      reveals that HDAC7 plays a central role in restoration of DeltaF508 function. We
      suggest that the tunable capacity of HDACs can be manipulated by chemical biology
      to counter the onset of cystic fibrosis and other human misfolding disorders.

PMID- 19966792
TI  - Three-dimensional structure and multistable optical switching of triple-twisted
      particle-like excitations in anisotropic fluids.
AB  - Control of structures in soft materials with long-range order forms the basis for
      applications such as displays, liquid-crystal biosensors, tunable lenses,
      distributed feedback lasers, muscle-like actuators and beam-steering devices.
      Bistable, tristable and multistable switching of well-defined structures of
      molecular alignment is of special interest for all of these applications. Here we
      describe the facile optical creation and multistable switching of localized
      configurations in the molecular orientation field of a chiral nematic anisotropic
      fluid. These localized chiro-elastic particle-like excitations--dubbed 'triple
      twist torons'--are generated by vortex laser beams and embed the localized three
      dimensional (3D) twist into a uniform background. Confocal polarizing microscopy
      and computer simulations reveal their equilibrium internal structures,
      manifesting both skyrmion-like and Hopf fibration features. Robust generation of
      torons at predetermined locations combined with both optical and electrical
      reversible switching can lead to new ways of multistable structuring of complex
      photonic architectures in soft materials.

PMID- 19966793
TI  - Single-donor ionization energies in a nanoscale CMOS channel.
AB  - One consequence of the continued downward scaling of transistors is the reliance
      on only a few discrete atoms to dope the channel, and random fluctuations in the
      number of these dopants are already a major issue in the microelectronics
      industry. Although single dopant signatures have been observed at low
      temperatures, the impact on transistor performance of a single dopant atom at
      room temperature is not well understood. Here, we show that a single arsenic
      dopant atom dramatically affects the off-state room-temperature behaviour of a
      short-channel field-effect transistor fabricated with standard microelectronics
      processes. The ionization energy of the dopant is measured to be much larger than
      it is in bulk, due to its proximity to the buried oxide, and this explains the
      large current below threshold and large variability in ultra-scaled transistors.
      The results also suggest a path to incorporating quantum functionalities into
      silicon CMOS devices through manipulation of single donor orbitals.

PMID- 19966794
TI  - Highly conductive self-assembled nanoribbons of coordination polymers.
AB  - Organic molecules can self-assemble into well-ordered structures, but the
      conductance of these structures is limited, which is a disadvantage for
      applications in molecular electronics. Conductivity can be improved by using
      coordination polymers-in which metal centres are incorporated into a molecular
      backbone-and such structures have been used as molecular wires by self-assembling
      them into ordered films on metal surfaces. Here, we report electrically
      conductive nanoribbons of the coordination polymer [Pt(2)I(S(2)CCH(3))(4)](n)
      self-assembled on an insulating substrate by direct sublimation of polymer
      crystals. Conductance atomic force microscopy is used to probe the electrical
      characteristics of a few polymer chains ( approximately 10) within the
      nanoribbons. The observed currents exceed those previously sustained in organic
      and metal-organic molecules assembled on surfaces by several orders of magnitude
      and over much longer distances. These results, and the results of theoretical
      calculations based on density functional theory, confirm coordination polymers as
      candidate materials for applications in molecular electronics.

PMID- 19966795
TI  - Atomic force microscopy as a tool for atom manipulation.
AB  - During the past 20 years, the manipulation of atoms and molecules at surfaces has
      allowed the construction and characterization of model systems that could,
      potentially, act as building blocks for future nanoscale devices. The majority of
      these experiments were performed with scanning tunnelling microscopy at cryogenic
      temperatures. Recently, it has been shown that another scanning probe technique,
      the atomic force microscope, is capable of positioning single atoms even at room
      temperature. Here, we review progress in the manipulation of atoms and molecules
      with the atomic force microscope, and discuss the new opportunities presented by
      this technique.

PMID- 19966796
TI  - ATP-dependent human RISC assembly pathways.
AB  - The assembly of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is a key process in small
      RNA-mediated gene silencing. In humans, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and
      microRNAs (miRNAs) are incorporated into RISCs containing the Argonaute (AGO)
      subfamily proteins Ago1-4. Previous studies have proposed that, unlike Drosophila
      melanogaster RISC assembly pathways, human RISC assembly is coupled with dicing
      and is independent of ATP. Here we show by careful reexamination that, in humans,
      RISC assembly and dicing are uncoupled, and ATP greatly facilitates RISC loading
      of small-RNA duplexes. Moreover, all four human AGO proteins show remarkably
      similar structural preferences for small-RNA duplexes: central mismatches promote
      RISC loading, and seed or 3'-mid (guide position 12-15) mismatches facilitate
      unwinding. All these features of human AGO proteins are highly reminiscent of fly
      Ago1 but not fly Ago2.

PMID- 19966797
TI  - Role of the RNA polymerase trigger loop in catalysis and pausing.
AB  - The trigger loop (TL) is a polymorphous component of RNA polymerase (RNAP) that
      makes direct substrate contacts and promotes nucleotide addition when folded into
      an alpha-helical hairpin (trigger helices, TH). However, the roles of the TL/TH
      in transcript cleavage, catalysis, substrate selectivity and pausing remain ill
      defined. Based on in vitro assays of Escherichia coli RNAP bearing specific TL/TH
      alterations, we report that neither intrinsic nor regulator-assisted transcript
      cleavage of backtracked RNA requires formation of the TH. We find that the
      principal contribution of TH formation to rapid nucleotidyl transfer is steric
      alignment of the reactants rather than acid-base catalysis, and that the TL/TH
      cannot be the sole contributor to substrate selectivity. The similar effects of
      TL/TH substitutions on pausing and nucleotide addition provide additional support
      for the view that TH formation is rate-limiting for escape from nonbacktracked
      pauses.

PMID- 19966798
TI  - Catalysis of the microtubule on-rate is the major parameter regulating the
      depolymerase activity of MCAK.
AB  - The kinesin-13, MCAK, is a critical regulator of microtubule dynamics in
      eukaryotic cells. We have functionally dissected the structural features
      responsible for MCAK's potent microtubule depolymerization activity. MCAK's
      positively charged neck enhances its delivery to microtubule ends not by
      tethering the molecule to microtubules during diffusion, as commonly thought, but
      by catalyzing the association of MCAK to microtubules. On the other hand, this
      same positively charged neck slightly diminishes MCAK's ability to remove tubulin
      subunits once at the microtubule end. Conversely, dimerization reduces MCAK
      delivery but improves MCAK's ability to remove tubulin subunits. The reported
      kinetics for these events predicts a nonspecific binding mechanism that may
      represent a paradigm for the diffusive interaction of many microtubule-binding
      proteins.

PMID- 19966799
TI  - A promiscuous alpha-helical motif anchors viral hijackers and substrate receptors
      to the CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase machinery.
AB  - The cullin 4-DNA-damage-binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1) ubiquitin ligase machinery
      regulates diverse cellular functions and can be subverted by pathogenic viruses.
      Here we report the crystal structure of DDB1 in complex with a central fragment
      of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), whose DDB1-binding activity is important
      for viral infection. The structure reveals that HBx binds DDB1 through an alpha
      helical motif, which is also found in the unrelated paramyxovirus SV5-V protein
      despite their sequence divergence. Our structure-based functional analysis
      suggests that, like SV5-V, HBx captures DDB1 to redirect the ubiquitin ligase
      activity of the CUL4-DDB1 E3 ligase. We also identify the alpha-helical motif
      shared by these viral proteins in the cellular substrate-recruiting subunits of
      the E3 complex, the DDB1-CUL4-associated factors (DCAFs) that are functionally
      mimicked by the viral hijackers. Together, our studies reveal a common yet
      promiscuous structural element that is important for the assembly of cellular and
      virally hijacked CUL4-DDB1 E3 complexes.

PMID- 19966800
TI  - Helicobacter pylori CagA inhibits PAR1-MARK family kinases by mimicking host
      substrates.
AB  - The CagA protein of Helicobacter pylori interacts with numerous cellular factors
      and is associated with increased virulence and risk of gastric carcinoma. We
      present here the cocrystal structure of a subdomain of CagA with the human kinase
      PAR1b/MARK2, revealing that a CagA peptide mimics substrates of this kinase
      family, resembling eukaryotic protein kinase inhibitors. Mutagenesis of conserved
      residues central to this interaction renders CagA inactive as an inhibitor of
      MARK2.

PMID- 19966802
TI  - Skp2 is required for survival of aberrantly proliferating Rb1-deficient cells and
      for tumorigenesis in Rb1+/- mice.
AB  - Heterozygosity of the retinoblastoma gene Rb1 elicits tumorigenesis in
      susceptible tissues following spontaneous loss of the remaining functional
      allele. Inactivation of previously studied retinoblastoma protein (pRb) targets
      partially inhibited tumorigenesis in Rb1(+/-) mice. Here we report that
      inactivation of pRb target Skp2 (refs. 7,8) completely prevents spontaneous
      tumorigenesis in Rb1(+/-) mice. Targeted Rb1 deletion in melanotrophs ablates the
      entire pituitary intermediate lobe when Skp2 is inactivated. Skp2 inactivation
      does not inhibit aberrant proliferation of Rb1-deleted melanotrophs but induces
      their apoptotic death. Eliminating p27 phosphorylation on T187 in p27T187A knock
      in mice reproduces the effects of Skp2 knockout, identifying p27 ubiquitination
      by SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase as the underlying mechanism for Skp2's essential
      tumorigenic role in this setting. RB1-deficient human retinoblastoma cells also
      undergo apoptosis after Skp2 knockdown; and ectopic expression of p27, especially
      the p27T187A mutant, induces apoptosis. These results reveal that Skp2 becomes an
      essential survival gene when susceptible cells incur Rb1 deficiency.

PMID- 19966801
TI  - A sequence similar to tRNA 3 Lys gene is embedded in HIV-1 U3-R and promotes
      minus-strand transfer.
AB  - We identified a sequence embedded in the U3-R region of HIV-1 RNA that is highly
      complementary to human tRNA(3)(Lys). The free energy of annealing to tRNA(3)(Lys)
      is significantly lower for this sequence and the primer-binding site than for
      other viral sequences of similar length. The only interruption in complementarity
      is a 29-nucleotide segment inserted where a tRNA intron would be expected. The
      insert contains the TATA box for viral RNA transcription. The embedded sequence
      includes a 9-nucleotide segment previously reported to aid minus-strand transfer
      by binding the primer tRNA(3)(Lys). Reconstituting transfer in vitro, we show
      that including segments from the embedded sequence in the acceptor template,
      beyond the 9 nucleotides, further increases transfer efficiency. We propose that
      a gene encoding tRNA(3)(Lys) was incorporated during HIV-1 evolution and
      retained, largely intact, because of its roles in transcription and strand
      transfer.

PMID- 19966803
TI  - A restricted spectrum of NRAS mutations causes Noonan syndrome.
AB  - Noonan syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by congenital heart
      defects, reduced growth, facial dysmorphism and variable cognitive deficits, is
      caused by constitutional dysregulation of the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Here we
      report that germline NRAS mutations conferring enhanced stimulus-dependent MAPK
      activation account for some cases of this disorder. These findings provide
      evidence for an obligate dependency on proper NRAS function in human development
      and growth.

PMID- 19966804
TI  - Geographical genomics of human leukocyte gene expression variation in southern
      Morocco.
AB  - Studies of the genetics of gene expression can identify expression SNPs (eSNPs)
      that explain variation in transcript abundance. Here we address the robustness of
      eSNP associations to environmental geography and population structure in a
      comparison of 194 Arab and Amazigh individuals from a city and two villages in
      southern Morocco. Gene expression differed between pairs of locations for up to a
      third of all transcripts, with notable enrichment of transcripts involved in
      ribosomal biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Robust associations were
      observed in the leukocyte samples: cis eSNPs (P < 10(-08)) were identified for
      346 genes, and trans eSNPs (P < 10(-11)) for 10 genes. All of these associations
      were consistent both across the three sample locations and after controlling for
      ancestry and relatedness. No evidence of large-effect trans-acting mediators of
      the pervasive environmental influence was found; instead, genetic and
      environmental factors acted in a largely additive manner.

PMID- 19966805
TI  - The imprinted DLK1-MEG3 gene region on chromosome 14q32.2 alters susceptibility
      to type 1 diabetes.
AB  - Genome-wide association (GWA) studies to map common disease susceptibility loci
      have been hugely successful, with over 300 reproducibly associated loci reported
      to date. However, these studies have not yet provided convincing evidence for any
      susceptibility locus subject to parent-of-origin effects. Using imputation to
      extend existing GWA datasets, we have obtained robust evidence at rs941576 for
      paternally inherited risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D; ratio of allelic effects for
      paternal versus maternal transmissions = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) =
      0.71-0.79). This marker is in the imprinted region of chromosome 14q32.2, which
      contains the functional candidate gene DLK1. Our meta-analysis also provided
      support at genome-wide significance for a T1D locus at chromosome 19p13.2. The
      highest association was at marker rs2304256 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.86; 95%CI = 0.82
      0.90) in the TYK2 gene, which has previously been associated with systemic lupus
      erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 19966806
TI  - B cell-specific and stimulation-responsive enhancers derepress Aicda by
      overcoming the effects of silencers.
AB  - Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is essential for the generation of
      antibody memory but also targets oncogenes, among other genes. We investigated
      the transcriptional regulation of Aicda (which encodes AID) in class switch
      inducible CH12F3-2 cells and found that Aicda regulation involved derepression by
      several layers of positive regulatory elements in addition to the 5' promoter
      region. The 5' upstream region contained functional motifs for the response to
      signaling by cytokines, the ligand for the costimulatory molecule CD40 or stimuli
      that activated the transcription factor NF-kappaB. The first intron contained
      functional binding elements for the ubiquitous silencers c-Myb and E2f and for
      the B cell-specific activator Pax5 and E-box-binding proteins. Our results show
      that Aicda is regulated by the balance between B cell-specific and stimulation
      responsive elements and ubiquitous silencers.

PMID- 19966807
TI  - High-throughput generation of selected reaction-monitoring assays for proteins
      and proteomes.
AB  - Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) uses sensitive and specific mass spectrometric
      assays to measure target analytes across multiple samples, but it has not been
      broadly applied in proteomics owing to the tedious assay development process for
      each protein. We describe a method based on crude synthetic peptide libraries for
      the high-throughput development of SRM assays. We illustrate the power of the
      approach by generating and applying validated SRM assays for all Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae kinases and phosphatases.

PMID- 19966808
TI  - Floxin, a resource for genetically engineering mouse ESCs.
AB  - We describe a method for the highly efficient and precise targeted modification
      of gene trap loci in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Through the Floxin
      method, gene trap mutations were reverted and new DNA sequences inserted using
      Cre recombinase and a shuttle vector, pFloxin. Floxin technology is applicable to
      the existing collection of 24,149 compatible gene trap cell lines, which should
      enable high-throughput modification of many genes in mouse ESCs.

PMID- 19966809
TI  - Engineering a polarity-sensitive biosensor for time-lapse imaging of apoptotic
      processes and degeneration.
AB  - Apoptosis is of central importance to many areas of biological research, but
      there is a lack of methods that permit continuous monitoring of apoptosis or cell
      viability in a nontoxic and noninvasive manner. Here we report the development of
      a tool applicable to live-cell imaging that facilitates the visualization of real
      time apoptotic changes without perturbing the cellular environment. We designed a
      polarity-sensitive annexin-based biosensor (pSIVA) with switchable fluorescence
      states, which allows detection only when bound to apoptotic cells. Using pSIVA
      with live-cell imaging, we observed dynamic local changes in individual rat
      neurons during degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that
      pSIVA binding was reversible and clearly defined the critical period for neurons
      to be rescued. We anticipate pSIVA can be widely applied to address questions
      concerning spatiotemporal events in apoptotic processes, its reversibility and
      the general viability of cells in culture.

PMID- 19966811
TI  - A mitotic transcriptional switch in polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF-1beta) is a transcription factor required
      for the expression of several renal cystic genes and whose prenatal deletion
      leads to polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We show here that inactivation of Hnf1b
      from postnatal day 10 onward does not elicit cystic dilations in tubules after
      their proliferative morphogenetic elongation is over. Cystogenic resistance is
      intrinsically linked to the quiescent state of cells. In fact, when Hnf1b
      deficient quiescent cells are forced to proliferate by an ischemia-reperfusion
      injury, they give rise to cysts, owing to loss of oriented cell division.
      Remarkably, in quiescent cells, the transcription of crucial cystogenic target
      genes is maintained even in the absence of HNF-1beta. However, their expression
      is lost as soon as cells proliferate and the chromatin of target genes acquires
      heterochromatin marks. These results unveil a previously undescribed aspect of
      gene regulation. It is well established that transcription is shut off during the
      mitotic condensation of chromatin. We propose that transcription factors such as
      HNF-1beta might be involved in reprogramming gene expression after
      transcriptional silencing is induced by mitotic chromatin condensation. Notably,
      HNF-1beta remains associated with the mitotically condensed chromosomal barrels.
      This association suggests that HNF-1beta is a bookmarking factor that is
      necessary for reopening the chromatin of target genes after mitotic silencing.

PMID- 19966810
TI  - A p53-dependent mechanism underlies macrocytic anemia in a mouse model of human
      5q- syndrome.
AB  - The identification of the genes associated with chromosomal translocation
      breakpoints has fundamentally changed understanding of the molecular basis of
      hematological malignancies. By contrast, the study of chromosomal deletions has
      been hampered by the large number of genes deleted and the complexity of their
      analysis. We report the generation of a mouse model for human 5q- syndrome using
      large-scale chromosomal engineering. Haploinsufficiency of the Cd74-Nid67
      interval (containing Rps14, encoding the ribosomal protein S14) caused macrocytic
      anemia, prominent erythroid dysplasia and monolobulated megakaryocytes in the
      bone marrow. These effects were associated with defective bone marrow progenitor
      development, the appearance of bone marrow cells expressing high amounts of the
      tumor suppressor p53 and increased bone marrow cell apoptosis. Notably,
      intercrossing with p53-deficient mice completely rescued the progenitor cell
      defect, restoring common myeloid progenitor and megakaryocytic-erythroid
      progenitor, granulocyte-monocyte progenitor and hematopoietic stem cell bone
      marrow populations. This mouse model suggests that a p53-dependent mechanism
      underlies the pathophysiology of the 5q- syndrome.

PMID- 19966812
TI  - NOD2 stimulation induces autophagy in dendritic cells influencing bacterial
      handling and antigen presentation.
AB  - Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing-2 (NOD2) acts as a bacterial
      sensor in dendritic cells (DCs), but it is not clear how bacterial recognition
      links with antigen presentation after NOD2 stimulation. NOD2 variants are
      associated with Crohn's disease, where breakdown in self-recognition of commensal
      bacteria leads to gastrointestinal inflammation. Here we show NOD2 triggering by
      muramyldipeptide induces autophagy in DCs. This effect requires receptor
      interacting serine-threonine kinase-2 (RIPK-2), autophagy-related protein-5
      (ATG5), ATG7 and ATG16L1 but not NLR family, pyrin domain containing-3 (NALP3).We
      show that NOD2-mediated autophagy is required for both bacterial handling and
      generation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen-specific
      CD4(+) T cell responses in DCs. DCs from individuals with Crohn's disease
      expressing Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 or ATG16L1 risk variants are defective
      in autophagy induction, bacterial trafficking and antigen presentation. Our
      findings link two Crohn's disease-associated susceptibility genes in a single
      functional pathway and reveal defects in this pathway in Crohn's disease DCs that
      could lead to bacterial persistence via impaired lysosomal destruction and immune
      mediated clearance.

PMID- 19966813
TI  - Platelets contribute to postnatal occlusion of the ductus arteriosus.
AB  - The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a fetal shunt vessel between the pulmonary artery
      and the aorta that closes promptly after birth. Failure of postnatal DA closure
      is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in preterm neonates. The
      events leading to DA closure are incompletely understood. Here we show that
      platelets have an essential role in DA closure. Using intravital microscopy of
      neonatal mice, we observed that platelets are recruited to the luminal aspect of
      the DA during closure. DA closure is impaired in neonates with malfunctioning
      platelet adhesion or aggregation or with defective platelet biogenesis. Defective
      DA closure resulted in a left-to-right shunt with increased pulmonary perfusion,
      pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy. Our findings
      indicate that platelets are crucial for DA closure by promoting thrombotic
      sealing of the constricted DA and by supporting luminal remodeling. A
      retrospective clinical study revealed that thrombocytopenia is an independent
      predictor for failure of DA closure in preterm human newborns, indicating that
      platelets are likely to contribute to DA closure in humans.

PMID- 19966814
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of Escherichia coli pathogenicity.
AB  - Escherichia coli is a remarkable and diverse organism. This normally harmless
      commensal needs only to acquire a combination of mobile genetic elements to
      become a highly adapted pathogen capable of causing a range of diseases, from
      gastroenteritis to extraintestinal infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream
      and central nervous system. The worldwide burden of these diseases is staggering,
      with hundreds of millions of people affected annually. Eight E. coli pathovars
      have been well characterized, and each uses a large arsenal of virulence factors
      to subvert host cellular functions to potentiate its virulence. In this Review,
      we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the different pathogenic
      mechanisms that are used by various E. coli pathovars and how they cause disease
      in humans.

PMID- 19966817
TI  - 'Plenty of room' revisited.

PMID- 19966815
TI  - Compartmentalized function through cell differentiation in filamentous
      cyanobacteria.
AB  - Within the wide biodiversity that is found in the bacterial world, Cyanobacteria
      represents a unique phylogenetic group that is responsible for a key metabolic
      process in the biosphere - oxygenic photosynthesis - and that includes
      representatives exhibiting complex morphologies. Many cyanobacteria are
      multicellular, growing as filaments of cells in which some cells can
      differentiate to carry out specialized functions. These differentiated cells
      include resistance and dispersal forms as well as a metabolically specialized
      form that is devoted to N(2) fixation, known as the heterocyst. In this Review we
      address cyanobacterial intercellular communication, the supracellular structure
      of the cyanobacterial filament and the basic principles that govern the process
      of heterocyst differentiation.

PMID- 19966818
TI  - Plenty of room, plenty of history.

PMID- 19966816
TI  - Viruses as vaccine vectors for infectious diseases and cancer.
AB  - Recent developments in the use of viruses as vaccine vectors have been
      facilitated by a better understanding of viral biology. Advances occur as we gain
      greater insight into the interrelationship of viruses and the immune system.
      Viral-vector vaccines remain the best means to induce cellular immunity and are
      now showing promise for the induction of strong humoral responses. The potential
      benefits for global health that are offered by this field reflect the scope and
      utility of viruses as vaccine vectors for human and veterinary applications, with
      targets ranging from certain types of cancer to a vast array of infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 19966819
TI  - Feynman's unfinished business.

PMID- 19966820
TI  - Surely you're happy, Mr. Feynman!

PMID- 19966821
TI  - Will the public swallow nanofood?

PMID- 19966824
TI  - Nanotoxicology: damaging DNA from a distance.

PMID- 19966825
TI  - Measurement: facing Heisenberg at the nanoscale.

PMID- 19966826
TI  - Nanomedicine: detecting rare cancer cells.

PMID- 19966827
TI  - Plasmonics: Gee whiz.

PMID- 19966828
TI  - Processing: superacids offer nanotube solution.

PMID- 19966830
TI  - Vertical transmission of the Yq AZFc microdeletion from father to son over two or
      three generations in infertile Han Chinese families.
AB  - This study was carried out to analyze the vertical transmission of Yq AZFc
      microdeletions from father to son in infertile Han Chinese families to
      investigate genetic factors and family background affecting fertility status. The
      peripheral blood of infertile males in 19 Han families was extracted and screened
      with modified multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Family trees were drawn
      according to fertility status and clinical characteristics of the subjects. The
      vertical transmission of Yq AZFc microdeletions was detected in six cases of 19
      investigated families (31.6%, 6/19). Although both fathers and sons showed a
      similar type of Yq AZFc deletion, the fathers were fertile, whereas the sons were
      infertile and showed severe oligozoospermia. The vertical transmission of Yq AZFc
      microdeletion from fertile fathers to infertile sons over generations is not
      rare. This has different effects on fertility status in fathers and sons in Han
      Chinese families. Both genetic factors and family background affect
      spermatogenetic phenotypes.

PMID- 19966831
TI  - Are prostatic calculi independent predictive factors of lower urinary tract
      symptoms?
AB  - We determined the correlation between prostatic calculi and lower urinary tract
      symptoms (LUTS), as well as the predisposing factors of prostatic calculi. Of the
      1 527 patients who presented at our clinic for LUTS, 802 underwent complete
      evaluations, including transrectal ultrasonography, voided bladder-3 specimen and
      international prostatic symptoms score (IPSS). A total of 335 patients with
      prostatic calculi and 467 patients without prostatic calculi were divided into
      calculi and no calculi groups, respectively. Predictive factors of severe LUTS
      and prostatic calculi were determined using uni/multivariate analysis. The
      overall IPSS score was 15.7 +/- 9.2 and 14.1 +/- 9.2 in the calculi and no
      calculi group, respectively (P = 0.013). The maximum flow rate was 12.1 +/- 6.9
      and 14.2 +/- 8.2 mL s(-1) in the calculi and no calculi group, respectively (P =
      0.003). On univariate analysis for predicting factors of severe LUTS, differences
      on age (P = 0.042), prostatic calculi (P = 0.048) and prostatitis (P = 0.018)
      were statistically significant. However, on multivariate analysis, no factor was
      significant. On multivariate analysis for predisposing factors of prostatic
      calculi, differences on age (P < 0.001) and prostate volume (P = 0.001) were
      significant. To our knowledge, patients who have prostatic calculi complain of
      more severe LUTS. However, prostatic calculi are not an independent predictive
      factor of severe LUTS. Therefore, men with prostatic calculi have more severe
      LUTS not only because of prostatic calculi but also because of age and other
      factors. In addition, old age and large prostate volume are independent
      predisposing factors for prostatic calculi.

PMID- 19966832
TI  - Male reproductive organs are at risk from environmental hazards.
AB  - Male reproductive disorders that are of interest from an environmental point of
      view include sexual dysfunction, infertility, cryptorchidism, hypospadias and
      testicular cancer. Several reports suggest declining sperm counts and increase of
      these reproductive disorders in some areas during some time periods past 50
      years. Except for testicular cancer this evidence is circumstantial and needs
      cautious interpretation. However, the male germ line is one of the most sensitive
      tissues to the damaging effects of ionizing radiation, radiant heat and a number
      of known toxicants. So far occupational hazards are the best documented risk
      factors for impaired male reproductive function and include physical exposures
      (radiant heat, ionizing radiation, high frequency electromagnetic radiation),
      chemical exposures (some solvents as carbon disulfide and ethylene glycol ethers,
      some pesticides as dibromochloropropane, ethylendibromide and DDT/DDE, some heavy
      metals as inorganic lead and mercury) and work processes such as metal welding.
      Improved working conditions in affluent countries have dramatically decreased
      known hazardous workplace exposures, but millions of workers in less affluent
      countries are at risk from reproductive toxicants. New data show that
      environmental low-level exposure to biopersistent pollutants in the diet may pose
      a risk to people in all parts of the world. For other toxicants the evidence is
      only suggestive and further evaluation is needed before conclusions can be drawn.
      Whether compounds as phthalates, bisphenol A and boron that are present in a
      large number of industrial and consumer products entails a risk remains to be
      established. The same applies to psychosocial stressors and use of mobile phones.
      Finally, there are data indicating a particular vulnerability of the fetal testis
      to toxicants-for instance maternal tobacco smoking. Time has come where male
      reproductive toxicity should be addressed form entirely new angles including
      exposures very early in life.

PMID- 19966833
TI  - MicroRNAs: a novel class of potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular
      diseases.
AB  - Currently, cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of morbidity
      and mortality in the world, indicating the need for innovative therapies and
      diagnosis for heart disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as one of
      the central players in regulating gene expression. Numerous studies have
      documented the implications of miRNAs in nearly every pathological process of the
      cardiovascular system, including cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, heart
      failure, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac ischemia and vascular atherosclerosis. More
      surprisingly, forced expression or suppression of a single miRNA is enough to
      cause or alleviate the pathological alteration, underscoring the therapeutic
      potential of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. In this review we summarize the
      key miRNAs that can solely modulate the cardiovascular pathological process and
      discuss the mechanisms by which they exert their function and the perspective of
      these miRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic markers. In addition,
      current approaches for manipulating the action of miRNAs will be introduced.

PMID- 19966834
TI  - Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of bergenin-phospholipid
      complex.
AB  - AIM: To prepare a bergenin-phospholipid complex (BPC) to increase oral
      bioavailability of the drug. METHODS: In order to obtain the acceptable BPC, a
      spherical symmetric design-response surface methodology was used for process
      optimization. The influence of reaction medium, temperature, drug concentration
      and drug-to-phospholipid ratio on the combination percentage and content of
      bergenin in BPC were evaluated. BPC was then characterized by thin-layer
      chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-violet
      (UV) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential
      scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction. The physicochemical
      properties such as microscopic shape, particle size, zeta-potential, solubility,
      crystalline form, and hygroscopicity were tested. The pharmacokinetic
      characteristics and bioavailability of BPC were investigated after oral
      administration in rats in comparison to bergenin and the physical mixture
      (bergenin and phospholipids). RESULTS: BPC was successfully prepared under the
      optimum conditions [temperature=60 degrees C, drug concentration=80 g/L and drug
      to-phospholipids ratio=0.9 (w/w)]. The combination percentage was 100.00%+/
      0.20%, and the content of bergenin in the complex was 45.98%+/-1.12%. Scanning
      electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of BPC showed spherical
      particles. The average particle size was 169.2+/-20.11 nm and the zeta-potential
      was -21.6+/-2.4 mV. The solubility of BPC in water and in n-octanol was
      effectively enhanced. The C(max) and AUC(0-->infinity) of BPC were increased, and
      the relative bioavailability was significantly increased to 439% of bergenin.
      CONCLUSION: The BPC is a valuable delivery system to enhance the oral absorption
      of bergenin.

PMID- 19966835
TI  - Aspirin inhibits proliferation of gemcitabine-resistant human pancreatic cancer
      cells and augments gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity.
AB  - AIM: To investigate whether aspirin is able to augment gemcitabine-induced
      cytotoxicity in human pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS: Two gemcitabine
      insensitive human pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1 and Capan-1, were used.
      Cells were treated with either aspirin or gemcitabine alone or both of them. Cell
      growth and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay, Annexin V or Hoechest 33258
      staining. Cell cycle distribution was examined by flow cytometry. Western blot
      with specific phosphorylated protein antibodies was used to detect the activation
      of protein kinase. RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to assess the
      transcription and protein level for cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. RESULTS: Aspirin alone
      significantly inhibits the proliferation of PANC-1 cells by causing cell cycle
      arrest at G(1) phase. Aspirin potentiates the anti-survival effect of gemcitabine
      as well as its pro-apoptotic effect in PANC-1 cells, although aspirin per se does
      not trigger apoptosis. Aspirin inhibits GSK-3beta activation and suppresses the
      expression of its downstream gene products (cyclin D1 and Bcl-2), which are
      implicated in proliferation, survival and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer.
      The effects of aspirin on Capan-1, were similar to that on PANC-1. CONCLUSION:
      Our results suggest that aspirin inhibits the proliferation of gemcitabine
      resistant pancreatic cancer cells and augments the antisurvival effect of
      gemcitabine, probably by suppressing the activity of GSK-3beta and its downstream
      gene products.

PMID- 19966836
TI  - Antifibrotic effects of ZK14, a novel nitric oxide-donating biphenyldicarboxylate
      derivative, on rat HSC-T6 cells and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - AIM: To study the pharmacologic effect of ZK(14), a novel nitric oxide-donating
      biphenyldicarboxylate (DDB) derivative, on HSC-T6 cells and on CCl(4)-induced
      hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: Inhibition of HSC-T6 cell growth by ZK(14) was
      evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of ZK(14) on the percentage of HSC-T6 cells
      undergoing apoptosis was measured using Annexin-V/PI double-staining and TUNEL
      assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase activities were tested.
      Hepatic fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection
      with 14% CCl(4). Rats with hepatic fibrosis were randomly divided into four
      groups: model control, ZK(14) (20 mg/kg), ZK(14) (10 mg/kg) and DDB (5 mg/kg).
      Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
      hyaluronic acid (HA), type III collagen (PCIII), and nitric oxide (NO) were
      assessed, and liver samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The NO level in
      cells treated with ZK(14) in vitro was also measured. RESULTS: The effect of
      ZK(14) on HSC-T6 cell apoptosis was concentration- and time-dependent, with up to
      50% of cells becoming apoptotic when exposed to 100 mumol/L ZK(14) for 18 h.
      ZK(14) treatment resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and activation
      of caspases 3 and 9. At a dose of 20 mg/kg, ZK(14) significantly decreased serum
      transaminase (AST, ALT) activities and fibrotic index (HA, PCIII) levels and
      significantly inhibited fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that
      ZK(14), a novel NO-donating DDB derivative, promotes HSC-T6 apoptosis in vitro
      through a signaling mechanism involving mitochondria and caspase activation and
      it inhibits CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in vivo. The results suggest that
      ZK(14) has potential therapeutic value in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.

PMID- 19966837
TI  - Collective dynamics in human and monkey sensorimotor cortex: predicting single
      neuron spikes.
AB  - Coordinated spiking activity in neuronal ensembles, in local networks and across
      multiple cortical areas, is thought to provide the neural basis for cognition and
      adaptive behavior. Examining such collective dynamics at the level of single
      neuron spikes has remained, however, a considerable challenge. We found that the
      spiking history of small and randomly sampled ensembles (approximately 20-200
      neurons) could predict subsequent single neuron spiking with substantial accuracy
      in the sensorimotor cortex of humans and nonhuman behaving primates. Furthermore,
      spiking was better predicted by the ensemble's history than by the ensemble's
      instantaneous state (Ising models), emphasizing the role of temporal dynamics
      leading to spiking. Notably, spiking could be predicted not only by local
      ensemble spiking histories, but also by spiking histories in different cortical
      areas. These strong collective dynamics may provide a basis for understanding
      cognition and adaptive behavior at the level of coordinated spiking in cortical
      networks.

PMID- 19966838
TI  - Evaluating self-generated decisions in frontal pole cortex of monkeys.
AB  - The frontal pole cortex (FPC) expanded markedly during human evolution, but its
      function remains uncertain in both monkeys and humans. Accordingly, we examined
      single-cell activity in this area. On every trial, monkeys decided between two
      response targets on the basis of a 'stay' or 'shift' cue. Feedback followed at a
      fixed delay. FPC cells did not encode the monkeys' decisions when they were made,
      but did so later on, as feedback approached. This finding indicates that the FPC
      is involved in monitoring or evaluating decisions. Using a control task and
      delayed feedback, we found that decision coding lasted until feedback only when
      the monkeys combined working memory with sensory cues to 'self-generate'
      decisions, as opposed to when they simply followed trial-by-trial instructions. A
      role in monitoring or evaluating self-generated decisions could account for FPC's
      expansion during human evolution.

PMID- 19966839
TI  - Dissecting differential gene expression within the circadian neuronal circuit of
      Drosophila.
AB  - Behavioral circadian rhythms are controlled by a neuronal circuit consisting of
      diverse neuronal subgroups. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the
      roles of neuronal subgroups within the Drosophila circadian circuit, we used cell
      type specific gene-expression profiling and identified a large number of genes
      specifically expressed in all clock neurons or in two important subgroups.
      Moreover, we identified and characterized two circadian genes, which are
      expressed specifically in subsets of clock cells and affect different aspects of
      rhythms. The transcription factor Fer2 is expressed in ventral lateral neurons;
      it is required for the specification of lateral neurons and therefore their
      ability to drive locomotor rhythms. The Drosophila melanogaster homolog of the
      vertebrate circadian gene nocturnin is expressed in a subset of dorsal neurons
      and mediates the circadian light response. The approach should also enable the
      molecular dissection of many different Drosophila neuronal circuits.

PMID- 19966840
TI  - The corticothalamocortical circuit drives higher-order cortex in the mouse.
AB  - An unresolved question in neuroscience relates to the extent to which
      corticothalamocortical circuits emanating from layer 5B are involved in
      information transfer through the cortical hierarchy. Using a new form of optical
      imaging in a brain slice preparation, we found that the corticothalamocortical
      pathway drove robust activity in higher-order somatosensory cortex. When the
      direct corticocortical pathway was interrupted, secondary somatosensory cortex
      showed robust activity in response to stimulation of the barrel field in primary
      somatosensory cortex (S1BF), which was eliminated after subsequently cutting the
      somatosensory thalamus, suggesting a highly efficacious corticothalamocortical
      circuit. Furthermore, after chemically inhibiting the thalamus, activation in
      secondary somatosensory cortex was eliminated, with a subsequent return after
      washout. Finally, stimulation of layer 5B in S1BF, and not layer 6, drove
      corticothalamocortical activation. These findings suggest that the
      corticothalamocortical circuit is a physiologically viable candidate for
      information transfer to higher-order cortical areas.

PMID- 19966841
TI  - The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm of non-REM sleep: a dialogue between three cardinal
      oscillators.
AB  - The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm, the most important electroencephalogram (EEG) signature
      of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is generally viewed as originating
      exclusively from neocortical networks. Here we argue that the full manifestation
      of this fundamental sleep oscillation in a corticothalamic module requires the
      dynamic interaction of three cardinal oscillators: one predominantly synaptically
      based cortical oscillator and two intrinsic, conditional thalamic oscillators.
      The functional implications of this hypothesis are discussed in relation to other
      EEG features of NREM sleep, with respect to coordinating activities in local and
      distant neuronal assemblies and in the context of facilitating cellular and
      network plasticity during slow-wave sleep.

PMID- 19966842
TI  - Spike integration and cellular memory in a rhythmic network from Na+/K+ pump
      current dynamics.
AB  - The output of a neural circuit results from an interaction between the intrinsic
      properties of neurons in the circuit and the features of the synaptic connections
      between them. The plasticity of intrinsic properties has been primarily
      attributed to modification of ion channel function and/or number. We have found a
      mechanism for intrinsic plasticity in rhythmically active Drosophila neurons that
      was not based on changes in ion conductance. Larval motor neurons had a long
      lasting, sodium-dependent afterhyperpolarization (AHP) following bursts of action
      potentials that was mediated by the electrogenic activity of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase.
      This AHP persisted for multiple seconds following volleys of action potentials
      and was able to function as a pattern-insensitive integrator of spike number that
      was independent of external calcium. This current also interacted with endogenous
      Shal K(+) conductances to modulate spike timing for multiple seconds following
      rhythmic activity, providing a cellular memory of network activity on a
      behaviorally relevant timescale.

PMID- 19966843
TI  - Fatal diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with sirolimus after allogeneic
      hematopoietic cell transplantation.

PMID- 19966844
TI  - Tacrolimus use in adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients receiving
      voriconazole: preemptive dose modification and therapeutic drug monitoring.
AB  - Concomitant use of tacrolimus and voriconazole, both competitive inhibitors of
      the CYP450 3A4 isoenzyme, requires tacrolimus dose reduction. On the basis of
      clinical observations, we developed a preemptive dose-reduction strategy in
      allograft recipients who received voriconazole to maintain tacrolimus
      concentrations within a target range. A total of 27 patients started i.v.
      tacrolimus at an average daily dose of 0.022 mg/kg on day -1 (30% lesser than the
      usual starting dose). The dose was reduced by 30-40% if the 48-h steady-state
      concentration was 7-10 ng/ml, and by 40-50% if it was 10-15 ng/ml. No change was
      made if the concentration was <7 ng/ml. Subsequently, concentrations were
      generally monitored 2-3 times a week with dose adjustments as necessary. None of
      the 170 levels (3-12 per patient; median 5) obtained between days +1 and +16 were
      subtherapeutic (<5 ng/ml) and only 34 levels (20%) were >15 ng/ml. Each patient
      required dose reduction at least twice. The dose had to be increased in only two
      patients after the initial dose reduction. The median tacrolimus doses in mg/kg
      declined with time; being 0.022, 0.008 and 0.006 on days 0, 7 and 14,
      respectively. We conclude that a preemptive dose-reduction strategy is effective
      in maintaining tacrolimus concentrations within the desired therapeutic range,
      although serial monitoring remains prudent.

PMID- 19966845
TI  - Plerixafor and pegylated filgrastim: a case of safe and effective hematopoietic
      stem cell mobilization.

PMID- 19966846
TI  - The risk of early and late CMV DNAemia associated with Campath use in stem cell
      transplant recipients.
AB  - The risks associated with in vivo and ex vivo use of Campath-1H and -1G in a
      cohort of 206 stem cell transplant recipients for human CMV (HCMV) DNAemia have
      been quantified. DNAemia showed a biphasic incidence pattern with an inflexion at
      day 60. The first phase had a linear risk rate for HCMV DNAemia of 0.3% per day,
      whereas the second phase had a substantially lower risk rate of 0.058% per day.
      In multivariable analyses, risk factors for early DNAemia were HCMV serostatus,
      radiotherapy-based conditioning and CD34 stem cell dose, with the use of in vivo
      Campath-1H having the most significant risk (hazards ratio=3.68; 95% CI=2.02
      6.72; P<0.001). Ex vivo use of Campath was not associated with an increased risk
      for HCMV DNAemia. Patients receiving either in vivo Campath-1H or -1G experienced
      HCMV DNAemia earlier (27 and 33 days, respectively) compared with patients
      receiving no Campath (time to DNAemia, 51 days; P=0.0006). Multivariable analysis
      of risk factors for HCMV DNAemia occurring beyond 100 days after transplant were
      older age, acute GVHD>grade II and a lower CD34 stem cell dose, whereas Campath
      1H use was not associated with late HCMV DNAemia.

PMID- 19966847
TI  - Combining allogeneic immunotherapy with an mTOR inhibitor for advanced renal cell
      carcinoma.

PMID- 19966848
TI  - Impact of discontinuing fluoroquinolone prophylaxis on early mortality after
      allogeneic marrow or peripheral blood SCT with myeloablative conditioning.

PMID- 19966849
TI  - Sirolimus for treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Acute GVHD (aGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic
      allograft recipients. The best therapy for patients failing to respond, or not
      tolerating, systemic glucocorticoids remains undefined. We evaluated the efficacy
      of sirolimus in 34 patients, median age of 49 (23-67) years, with steroid
      refractory (n=31) or steroid-intolerant (n=3) aGVHD. aGVHD was diagnosed at a
      median of 34 (7-1042) days post allografting, and confirmed by biopsy in all
      cases. Initial aGVHD treatment consisted of prednisone up to 2 mg/kg. Sirolimus
      was initiated at a median of 9 (1-255) days after glucocorticoid initiation. A
      sirolimus loading dose was administered to 19 (56%) of 34 patients, median 6 (3
      8) mg, followed by maintenance of 1-2 mg/day to target therapeutic trough levels
      between 4 and 12 ng/ml. Overall response rate was 76%. Fifteen (44%) of 34
      patients achieved CR, defined as complete resolution of aGVHD sustained for at
      least 1 month, after sirolimus initiation without additional immunosuppressive
      agents. CR was achieved in 11 (42%) of 31 steroid-refractory and 2 (67%) of 3
      steroid-intolerant patients. Median OS after initiation of sirolimus was 5.6
      months, and 1-year OS was 44% (95% CI: 27-60%). Sirolimus is effective in
      controlling steroid-refractory aGVHD.

PMID- 19966850
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of plasma real-time PCR and antigenemia assay for
      monitoring CMV infection after unrelated BMT.
AB  - Preemptive therapy is the standard strategy for preventing CMV disease after
      allogeneic hematopoietic SCT. In this study, unrelated BMT recipients were
      randomly assigned to a plasma real-time PCR group or an antigenemia group to
      compare the value of these monitoring tools for CMV reactivation. Ganciclovir
      (GCV) was started at 5 mg/kg/day when PCR reached 300 copies per ml or when
      antigenemia reached three positive cells per two slides. A total of 88 patients
      were randomized into the antigenemia group (n=45) or the PCR group (n=43). A
      significantly higher number of patients reached the threshold in the antigenemia
      group than in the PCR group (73.3 vs 44.2%, P=0.0089). However, only three
      patients (one in the antigenemia group and two in the PCR group) developed early
      CMV disease. These patients exclusively had colitis and were successfully treated
      with GCV or foscarnet. The median number of antigenemia-positive cells at the
      start of GCV was 47 in the PCR group. These findings suggest that antigenemia
      assay with the current cutoff was too sensitive and led to unnecessary use of
      GCV. However, the appropriateness of the threshold may be different by the
      methodology used, and therefore, it is difficult to generalize.

PMID- 19966851
TI  - Genetic polymorphisms associated with outcome in multiple myeloma patients
      receiving high-dose melphalan.
AB  - High-dose melphalan (HDM) is an essential component in the treatment of patients
      with multiple myeloma (MM). Few data are available regarding genetic
      polymorphisms associated with patient outcome or toxicity in this setting. To
      identify such polymorphisms, we performed a retrospective analysis, genotyping
      single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the arrayed primer extension (APEX)
      technology in 169 patients having received HDM for MM. We analyzed 209 SNPs in 95
      genes involved in drug metabolism, DNA repair, cell cycle and apoptosis. SNPs in
      ABCB1, CYP3A4 and TP53BP2 were associated with response to VAD induction therapy
      (P<0.01). SNPs in ALDH2, GSTT2 and BRCA1 were associated with response to HDM
      (P<0.01). Polymorphisms in CYP1A1, RAD51 and PARP were associated with disease
      progression whereas polymorphisms in ALDH2 and CYP1A1 were correlated with OS.
      Polymorphisms in BRCA1, CDKN1A and XRCC1 were associated with the occurrence of
      severe mucositis after HDM. These results suggest that SNPs of genes involved in
      drug metabolism or DNA repair could be used to distinguish MM patient subgroups
      with different toxicity/efficacy profiles.

PMID- 19966852
TI  - PU.1 is regulated by NF-kappaB through a novel binding site in a 17 kb upstream
      enhancer element.
AB  - The majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still die of their
      disease, and novel therapeutic concepts are needed. Timely expression of the
      hematopoietic master regulator PU.1 is crucial for normal development of myeloid
      and lymphoid cells. Targeted disruption of an upstream regulatory element (URE)
      located several kb upstream in the PU.1 promoter decreases PU.1 expression
      thereby inducing AML in mice. In addition, suppression of PU.1 has been observed
      in specific subtypes of human AML. Here, we identified nuclear factor-kappaB (NF
      kappaB) to activate PU.1 expression through a novel site within the URE. We found
      sequence variations of this particular NF-kappaB site in 4 of 120 AML patients.
      These variant NF-kappaB sequences failed to mediate activation of PU.1. Moreover,
      the synergistic activation of PU.1 together with CEBPB through these variant
      sequences was also lost. Finally, AML patients with such variant sequences had
      suppressed PU.1 mRNA expression. This study suggests that changes of a single
      base pair in a distal element critically affect the regulation of the tumor
      suppressor gene PU.1 thereby contributing to the development of AML.

PMID- 19966854
TI  - The role of proto-oncogene Fra-1 in remodeling the tumor microenvironment in
      support of breast tumor cell invasion and progression.
AB  - A growing body of evidence indicates that interactions between neoplastic cells
      and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are
      crucial in promoting tumor cell invasion and progression. Macrophages have an
      ambiguous role in these processes as this M1 phenotype correlates with
      tumoricidal capacity, whereas TAMs of M2 phenotype exert tumor-promoting effects.
      In this study, we provide evidence that interactions between mouse breast tumor
      cells and TAMs remodel the TME, leading to the upregulation of Fra-1, a member of
      the FOS family of transcription factor. In turn, this proto-oncogene initiates
      activation of the IL-6/JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway. This creates a malignant
      switch in breast tumor cells, leading to increased release of proangiogenic
      factors MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor
      beta from tumor cells and intensified invasion and progression of breast cancer.
      Proof of the concept for the crucial role played by transcription factor Fra-1 in
      regulating these processes was established by specific knockdown of Fra-1 with
      small interfering RNA, which resulted in a marked suppression of tumor cell
      invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in a mouse breast cancer model. Such a
      strategy could eventually lead to future efficacious treatments of metastatic
      breast cancer.

PMID- 19966853
TI  - Growth factors protect intestinal stem cells from radiation-induced apoptosis by
      suppressing PUMA through the PI3K/AKT/p53 axis.
AB  - Gastrointestinal toxicity is the primary limiting factor in abdominal and pelvic
      radiotherapy, but has no effective treatment currently. We recently showed a
      critical role of the BH3-only protein p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis
      (PUMA) in acute radiation-induced GI damage and GI syndrome in mice. Growth
      factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and basic fibroblast growth
      factor (bFGF) have been shown to protect against radiation-induced intestinal
      injury, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. We report
      here the suppression of PUMA through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein
      kinase B (AKT)/p53 axis in the intestinal stem cells as a novel molecular
      mechanism of growth factor-mediated intestinal radioprotection. IGF-1 or bFGF
      impaired radiation-induced apoptosis and the expression of PUMA and p53 in the
      crypt cells and intestinal stem cells. Using colonic epithelial cells that
      undergo PUMA-dependent and radiation-induced apoptosis, we found that a PI3K
      inhibitor, dominant-negative PI3K or Mdm2 antagonist restored the induction of
      PUMA, p53 and apoptosis in the presence of growth factors. In contrast,
      overexpression of AKT suppressed the induction of PUMA and p53 by radiation.
      Furthermore, inhibiting PI3K or activating p53 abrogated growth factor-mediated
      suppression of apoptosis and PUMA expression in the intestinal crypts and stem
      cells after radiation.

PMID- 19966855
TI  - TCEAL7, a putative tumor suppressor gene, negatively regulates NF-kappaB pathway.
AB  - We have previously shown that a frequently downregulated gene, transcription
      elongation factor A-like 7 (TCEAL7), promoted anchorage-independent growth and
      modulated Myc activity in ovarian surface epithelial cells immortalized with
      temperature-sensitive large T antigen and human telomerase reverse transcriptase
      (OSEtsT/hTERT). Analysis of protein/DNA array showed that TCEAL7 downregulation
      resulted in an approximately twofold increase in nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB
      binding to its target DNA sequence. In this study we showed that short hairpin
      RNA (shRNA)-mediated downregulation of TCEAL7 in two different immortalized OSE
      cells showed higher NF-kappaB activity, as determined using reporter and gel
      shift assays. Transient transfection of TCEAL7 inhibited the activation of NF
      kappaB in TCEAL7-downregulated clones, IOSE-523 and in other ovarian cancer cell
      lines (OVCAR8, SKOV3ip and DOV13), suggesting that TCEAL7 negatively regulates NF
      kappaB pathway. Consistent with this observation, TCEAL7-downregulated clones
      showed higher levels of NF-kappaB targets, such as pro-proliferative (cyclin-D1
      and cMyc), pro-angiogenic (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial
      growth factor (VEGF)), inflammatory (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)
      and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2)) and anti-apoptotic (B-cell lymphoma-extra large
      (Bcl-xl)) genes when compared with vector controls. Inhibition of NF-kappaB by
      IkappaB kinase (IKK) inhibitor (BMS 345541) attenuated cell survival and
      proliferation of TCEAL-knockdown clones. Although TCEAL7 inhibited p65
      transcriptional activity, it did not modulate the cytoplasmic signaling of the NF
      kappaB pathway, by itself or by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
      Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed increased recruitment of p65
      and p300 to the promoters of IL-8 and IL-6 in TCEAL7-downregulated clones.
      Collectively, these results indicate a novel role for TCEAL7 in the negative
      regulation of NF-kappaB signaling at the basal level by modulating
      transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB on its target gene promoters, potentially
      providing a novel mechanism by which NF-kappaB activity may be deregulated in
      ovarian cancer cells.

PMID- 19966856
TI  - Differential subcellular localization regulates c-Cbl E3 ligase activity upon
      Notch3 protein in T-cell leukemia.
AB  - Notch3 and pTalpha signaling events are essential for T-cell leukemogenesis and
      characterize murine and human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genetic
      ablation of pTalpha expression in Notch3 transgenic mice abrogates tumor
      development, indicating that pTalpha signaling is crucial to the Notch3-mediated
      leukemogenesis. Here we report a novel direct interaction between Notch3 and
      pTalpha. This interaction leads to the recruitment and persistence of the E3
      ligase protein c-Cbl to the lipid rafts in Notch3-IC transgenic thymocytes.
      Conversely, deletion of pTalpha in Notch3 transgenic mice leads to cytoplasmic
      retention of c-Cbl that targets Notch3 protein to the proteasomal-degradative
      pathway. It appears that protein kinase C theta (PKCtheta), by regulating
      tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of Cbl, is able to control its function. We
      report here that the increased Notch3-IC degradation correlates with higher
      levels of c-Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation in Notch3-IC/pTalpha(-/-) double-mutant
      thymocytes, which also display a decreased PKCtheta activity. Our data indicate
      that pTalpha/pre-T-cell receptor is able to regulate the different subcellular
      localization of c-Cbl and, by regulating PKCtheta activity, is also able to
      influence its ubiquitin ligase activity upon Notch3 protein.

PMID- 19966857
TI  - Regression of murine lung tumors by the let-7 microRNA.
AB  - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as an important new class of cellular
      regulators that control various cellular processes and are implicated in human
      diseases, including cancer. Here, we show that loss of let-7 function enhances
      lung tumor formation in vivo, strongly supporting the hypothesis that let-7 is a
      tumor suppressor. Moreover, we report that exogenous delivery of let-7 to
      established tumors in mouse models of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
      significantly reduces the tumor burden. These results demonstrate the therapeutic
      potential of let-7 in NSCLC and point to miRNA replacement therapy as a promising
      approach in cancer treatment.

PMID- 19966858
TI  - Dose-dependent modulation of HIF-1alpha/sima controls the rate of cell migration
      and invasion in Drosophila ovary border cells.
AB  - The role of the hypoxic response during metastasis was analysed in migrating
      border cells of the Drosophila ovary. Acute exposure to 1% O(2) delayed or
      blocked border cell migration (BCM), whereas prolonged exposure resulted in the
      first documented accelerated BCM phenotype. Similarly, manipulating the
      expression levels of sima, the Drosophila hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha
      ortholog, revealed that Sima can either block or restore BCM in a dose-dependent
      manner. In contrast, over-expression of Vhl (Drosophila von Hippel-Lindau)
      generated a range of phenotypes, including blocked, delayed and accelerated BCM,
      whereas over-expression of hph (Drosophila HIF prolyl hydroxylase) only
      accelerated BCM. Mosaic clone analysis of sima or tango (HIF-1beta ortholog)
      mutants revealed that cells lacking Hif-1 transcriptional activity were
      preferentially detected in the leading cell position of the cluster, resulting in
      either a delay or acceleration of BCM. Moreover, in sima mutant cell clones,
      there was reduced expression of nuclear slow border cells (Slbo) and basolateral
      DE-cadherin, proteins essential for proper BCM. These results show that Sima
      levels define the rate of BCM in part through regulation of Slbo and DE-cadherin,
      and suggest that dynamic regulation of Hif-1 activity is necessary to maintain
      invasive potential of migrating epithelial cells.

PMID- 19966859
TI  - Depletion of WRN protein causes RACK1 to activate several protein kinase C
      isoforms.
AB  - Werner's syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal disease characterized by the premature
      onset of several age-associated pathologies. The protein defective in patients
      with WS (WRN) is a helicase/exonuclease involved in DNA repair, replication,
      transcription and telomere maintenance. In this study, we show that a knock down
      of the WRN protein in normal human fibroblasts induces phosphorylation and
      activation of several protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes. Using a tandem affinity
      purification strategy, we found that WRN physically and functionally interacts
      with receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1), a highly conserved anchoring
      protein involved in various biological processes, such as cell growth and
      proliferation. RACK1 binds strongly to the RQC domain of WRN and weakly to its
      acidic repeat region. Purified RACK1 has no impact on the helicase activity of
      WRN, but selectively inhibits WRN exonuclease activity in vitro. Interestingly,
      knocking down RACK1 increased the cellular frequency of DNA breaks. Depletion of
      the WRN protein in return caused a fraction of nuclear RACK1 to translocate out
      of the nucleus to bind and activate PKCdelta and PKCbetaII in the membrane
      fraction of cells. In contrast, different DNA-damaging treatments known to
      activate PKCs did not induce RACK1/PKCs association in cells. Overall, our
      results indicate that a depletion of the WRN protein in normal fibroblasts causes
      the activation of several PKCs through translocation and association of RACK1
      with such kinases.

PMID- 19966860
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus encoded LMP1 downregulates TCL1 oncogene through miR-29b.
AB  - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is noted for
      its transforming potential. Yet, it also acts as a cytostatic and growth
      relenting factor in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells. The underlying molecular
      mechanisms of the growth inhibitory property of LMP1 have remained largely
      unknown. In this study, we show that LMP1 negatively regulates a major oncogene,
      TCL1, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and BL cells. MicroRNA (miR)
      profiling of LMP1 transfectants showed that among others, miR-29b, is
      upregulated. LMP1 diminished TCL1 by inducing miR-29b through C-terminus
      activation region 1 (CTAR1) and CTAR2. miR-29b locked nucleic acid (LNA)
      antisense oligonucleotide transfection into LMP1-expressing cells reduced miR-29b
      expression and consequently reconstituted TCL1, suggesting that LMP1 negatively
      regulates TCL1 through miR-29b upregulation. The miR-29b increase by LMP1 was due
      to an increase in the cluster pri-miR-29b1-a transcription, derived from human
      chromosome 7. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we found that p38 mitogen
      activated protein kinase-activating function of LMP1 is important for this
      effect. The ability of LMP1 to negatively regulate TCL1 through miR-29b might
      underlie its B-cell lymphoma growth antagonistic property. As LMP1 is also
      important for B-cell transformation, we suggest that the functional dichotomy of
      this viral protein may depend on a combination of levels of its expression,
      lineage and differentiation of the target cells and regulation of miRs, which
      then directs the outcome of the cellular response.

PMID- 19966861
TI  - Glycolysis inhibition sensitizes tumor cells to death receptors-induced apoptosis
      by AMP kinase activation leading to Mcl-1 block in translation.
AB  - Most cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis for generation of their energy
      supply. This specificity could be used to preferentially kill these cells. In
      this study, we identified the signaling pathway initiated by glycolysis
      inhibition that results in sensitization to death receptor (DR)-induced
      apoptosis. We showed, in several human cancer cell lines (such as Jurkat, HeLa,
      U937), that glucose removal or the use of nonmetabolizable form of glucose (2
      deoxyglucose) dramatically enhances apoptosis induced by Fas or by tumor necrosis
      factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. This sensitization is controlled
      through the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which
      is the central energy-sensing system of the cell. We established the fact that
      AMPK is activated upon glycolysis block resulting in mammalian target of
      rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition leading to Mcl-1 decrease, but no other Bcl-2 anti
      apoptotic members. Interestingly, we determined that, upon glycolysis inhibition,
      the AMPK-mTOR pathway controlled Mcl-1 levels neither through transcriptional nor
      through posttranslational mechanism but rather by controlling its translation.
      Therefore, our results show a novel mechanism for the sensitization to DR-induced
      apoptosis linking glucose metabolism to Mcl-1 downexpression. In addition, this
      study provides a rationale for the combined use of DR ligands with AMPK
      activators or mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of human cancers.

PMID- 19966862
TI  - The IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling axis in the skin: a new role for the dermis in aging
      associated skin cancer.
AB  - The appropriate response of human keratinocytes to ultraviolet-B (UVB) is
      dependent on the activation status of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
      receptor. Keratinocytes grown in conditions in which the IGF-1 receptor is
      inactive inappropriately replicate in the presence of UVB-induced DNA damage. In
      human skin, epidermal keratinocytes do not express IGF-1, and hence the IGF-1
      receptor on keratinocytes is activated by IGF-1 secreted from dermal fibroblasts.
      We now show that the IGF-1 produced by human fibroblasts is essential for the
      appropriate UVB response of keratinocytes. Furthermore, the expression of IGF-1
      is silenced in senescent fibroblasts in vitro. Using quantitative reverse
      transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemisty, we can show that IGF-1 expression is
      also silenced in geriatric dermis in vivo. The diminished IGF-1 expression in
      geriatric skin correlates with an inappropriate UVB response in geriatric
      volunteers. Finally, the appropriate UVB response is restored in geriatric skin
      in vivo through pretreatment with exogenous IGF-1. These studies provide further
      evidence for a role of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in suppressing UVB-induced
      carcinogenesis, suggest that fibroblasts have a critical role in maintaining
      appropriate activation of the keratinocyte IGF-1R, and imply that reduced
      expression of IGF-1 in geriatric skin could be an important component in the
      development of aging-related non-melanoma skin cancer.

PMID- 19966863
TI  - Rapamycin inhibits oncogenic intestinal ion channels and neoplasia in APC(Min/+)
      mice.
AB  - The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is mutated in familial adenomatous
      polyposis. Mice with a heterozygous APC(Min) mutation develop multiple intestinal
      neoplasia (Min) leading to premature death. Early in colorectal carcinogenesis,
      APC(Min/+) mice show enhanced Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling,
      which is paralleled by upregulation of oncogenic K(+) channels. In this study, we
      tested the effect of mTOR inhibition with rapamycin on tumor formation in
      APC(Min/+) mice and evaluated ion channel regulation. We found that continuous
      long-term rapamycin treatment of APC(Min/+) mice dramatically inhibits intestinal
      neoplasia. Moreover, although untreated APC(Min/+) mice lose weight, experience
      intestinal bleeding and succumb to multiple neoplasia by 22.3+/-1.4 weeks of age,
      mice treated with rapamycin maintain stable weight and survive long term (39.6+/
      3.4 weeks), with more than 30% surviving >1 year. Impressively, abnormalities in
      colonic electrolyte transport typical for APC(Min/+) mice are abolished, along
      with the suppression of epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) and oncogenic K(+) ion
      channels BK, Elk1 and Erg1, both functionally and at mRNA levels. These results
      show that continuous prophylaxis by rapamycin markedly inhibits the development
      of APC mutation-related polyposis, and suggest a novel contributing mechanism of
      action through the blockade of intestinal oncogenic ion channels.

PMID- 19966864
TI  - DNA methylation within the normal colorectal mucosa is associated with pathway
      specific predisposition to cancer.
AB  - There are two major molecular pathways to sporadic colorectal cancer, the
      chromosomal instability (CIN) and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)
      pathways. This study recruited 166 patients undergoing colonoscopy. Biopsy
      samples were collected from the cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and
      rectum. DNA methylation was quantified at 'type A' (ESR1, GATA5, HIC1, HPP1,
      SFRP1) and 'type C' markers (MGMT, MLH1, CDKN2A, MINT2, MINT31, IGF2, CACNA1G,
      NEUROG1, SOCS1, RUNX3), and LINE-1. 'Type A' genes are frequently methylated in
      normal and neoplastic tissues, proportional to tissue age. 'Type C' methylation
      is more specific for neoplasia. The last five 'type C' markers comprise a CIMP
      panel. The mean 'type A' and CIMP-panel methylation Z-scores were calculated. In
      all, 88 patients had adenomatous lesions, 32 had proximal serrated polyps (PSPs)
      and 50 were normal. Most 'type A' genes showed direct correlations between
      methylation and age (ESR1, rho=0.66, P<0.0001), with higher methylation distally
      (ESR1, P<0.0001). On multivariate analysis, 'type A' methylation was inversely
      associated with colorectal adenomas (odds ratio=0.23, P<0.001), the precursor to
      CIN cancers. CIMP-panel methylation was significantly associated with advanced
      PSPs (odds ratio=5.1, P=0.009), the precursor to CIMP cancers. DNA methylation in
      normal mucosa varied with age and region and was associated with pathway-specific
      pathology. In the future, the colorectal field could yield important information
      and potentially inform clinical practice.

PMID- 19966865
TI  - Contribution of the 15 amino acid repeats of truncated APC to beta-catenin
      degradation and selection of APC mutations in colorectal tumours from FAP
      patients.
AB  - The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is a negative regulator of the
      mitogenic transcription factor beta-catenin by stimulating its proteasomal
      degradation. This involves several APC domains, including the binding sites for
      axin/conductin, the recently described beta-Catenin Inhibitory Domain (CID) and
      the third 20 amino acid repeat (20R3) that is a beta-catenin-binding site. The
      four 15 amino acid repeats (15R) and the 20R1 are also beta-catenin-binding
      sites, but their role in beta-catenin degradation has remained unclear. We show
      here that binding of beta-catenin to the 15R of APC is necessary and sufficient
      to target beta-catenin for degradation whereas binding to the 20R1 is neither
      necessary nor sufficient. The first 15R displays the highest affinity for beta
      catenin in the 15R-20R1 module. Biallelic mutations of the APC gene lead tocolon
      cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) and result in the synthesis
      of truncated products lacking domains involved in beta-catenin degradation but
      still having a minimal length. The analysis of the distribution of truncating
      mutations along the APC sequence in colorectal tumours from FAP patients revealed
      that the first 15R is one target of the positive selection of mutations that lead
      to tumour development.

PMID- 19966866
TI  - TSC1 loss synergizes with KRAS activation in lung cancer development in the mouse
      and confers rapamycin sensitivity.
AB  - Germline TSC1 or TSC2 mutations cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a
      hamartoma syndrome with lung involvement. To explore the potential interaction
      between TSC1 and KRAS activation in lung cancer, mice in which Tsc1 loss and
      Kras(G12D) expression occur in a small fraction of lung epithelial cells were
      generated. Mice with a combined Tsc1-Kras(G12D) mutation had dramatically reduced
      tumor latency (median survival: 11.6-15.6 weeks) in comparison with Kras(G12D)
      alone mutant mice (median survival: 27.5 weeks). Tsc1-Kras(G12D) tumors showed
      consistent activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)C1 and responded to
      treatment with rapamycin, leading to significantly improved survival, whereas
      rapamycin had minor effects on cancers in Kras(G12D) alone mice. Loss of
      heterozygosity for TSC1 or TSC2 was found in 22% of 86 human lung cancer
      specimens. However, none of the 80 lung cancer lines studied showed evidence of
      the lack of expression of either TSC1 or TSC2 or a signaling pattern
      corresponding to complete loss. These data indicate that Tsc1 loss synergizes
      with the Kras mutation to enhance lung tumorigenesis in the mouse, but that this
      is a rare event in human lung cancer. Rapamycin may have unique benefit for
      patients with lung cancer, for whom the TSC1/TSC2 function is limited.

PMID- 19966868
TI  - Actin: a novel interaction partner of WT1 influencing its cell dynamic
      properties.
AB  - The Wilms' tumour suppressor, WT1, is a zinc finger protein with key roles in
      normal development of the genitourinary system and tumourigenesis. Mutations or
      deletion of WT1 result in a spectrum of developmental disorders and
      susceptibility to Wilms' tumour in children. Ectopic expression of Wt1 associated
      with oncogenic functions has been observed in a large number of malignancies,
      including haematological and solid cancers. Although Wt1 is predominantly a
      nuclear protein in normal tissues, it is mostly cytoplasmic in the majority of
      Wt1-expressing tumours. Actin was identified in this study as a new WT1
      interaction partner both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. We confirmed this
      interaction both in vitro and in vivo and started to explore its functional
      significance. Perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton moved Wt1 off the polysome
      fraction in the cytoplasm, cancelled its nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and altered
      Wt1 DNA- and RNA-binding abilities. These data have implications for Wt1
      functions in relation to RNA metabolism and response to cytoskeletal alterations
      in cancer cells. Thus, our findings could shed more light on the functions of
      both these proteins and possibly pave way for the development of new cancer
      therapies.

PMID- 19966867
TI  - Genomic and functional analysis identifies CRKL as an oncogene amplified in lung
      cancer.
AB  - DNA amplifications, leading to the overexpression of oncogenes, are a cardinal
      feature of lung cancer and directly contribute to its pathogenesis. To uncover
      such novel alterations, we performed an array-based comparative genomic
      hybridization survey of 128 non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines and tumors.
      Prominent among our findings, we identified recurrent high-level amplification at
      cytoband 22q11.21 in 3% of lung cancer specimens, with another 11% of specimens
      exhibiting low-level gain spanning that locus. The 22q11.21 amplicon core
      contained eight named genes, only four of which were overexpressed (by transcript
      profiling) when amplified. Among these, CRKL encodes an adapter protein
      functioning in signal transduction, best known as a substrate of the BCR-ABL
      kinase in chronic myelogenous leukemia. RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of
      CRKL in lung cancer cell lines with (but not without) amplification led to
      significantly decreased cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, cell
      survival, and cell motility and invasion. In addition, overexpression of CRKL in
      immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells led to enhanced growth factor
      independent cell growth. Our findings indicate that amplification and resultant
      overexpression of CRKL contribute to diverse oncogenic phenotypes in lung cancer,
      with implications for targeted therapy, and highlight a role of adapter proteins
      as primary genetic drivers of tumorigenesis.

PMID- 19966870
TI  - New Zealand's emissions trading scheme and health: wasting our opportunities.

PMID- 19966871
TI  - Coenzyme Q10; an adjunctive therapy for congestive heart failure?
AB  - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for electron transport within the mitochondria
      and hence for ATP generation and cellular energy production. We recently
      demonstrated that plasma levels of CoQ10 are an independent predictor of survival
      in a cohort of 236 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) followed for a
      median of 2.69 years. This is consistent with previous studies which have shown
      myocardial CoQ10 depletion in CHF, and correlated with the severity of the
      underlying disorder. Several intervention studies have been undertaken with CoQ10
      in CHF, including randomized controlled trials with mostly positive outcomes in
      relation to improvement in plasma levels of CoQ10. A meta-analysis showed that
      CoQ10 resulted in an improvement in ejection fraction of 3.7% (95%CI 1.59-5.77)
      and the mean increase in cardiac output was 0.28 L/minute (95%CI 0.03-0.53). In a
      subgroup analysis, studies with patients not taking ACE inhibitors found a 6.7%
      increase in ejection fraction. The ongoing Q-SYMBIO trial will address whether
      CoQ10 supplementation improves survival in CHF patients. CoQ10 depletion may also
      be a contributory factor for why statin intervention has not improved outcomes in
      CHF. There is an emerging evidence base in support of CoQ10 as an adjunctive
      therapy in CHF.

PMID- 19966869
TI  - The ubiquitin-specific protease USP47 is a novel beta-TRCP interactor regulating
      cell survival.
AB  - Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are a subclass of cysteine proteases that
      catalyze the removal of ubiquitin (either monomeric or chains) from substrates,
      thus counteracting the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Although the importance
      of USPs in a multitude of processes, from hereditary cancer to neurodegeneration,
      is well established, our knowledge on their mode of regulation, substrate
      specificity and biological function is quite limited. In this study we identify
      USP47 as a novel interactor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein
      beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (SCF(beta-Trcp)). We found that both
      beta-Trcp1 and beta-Trcp2 bind specifically to USP47, and point mutations in the
      beta-Trcp WD-repeat region completely abolished USP47 binding, indicating an E3
      substrate-type interaction. However, unlike canonical beta-Trcp substrates, USP47
      protein levels were neither affected by silencing of beta-Trcp nor modulated in a
      variety of processes, such as cell-cycle progression, DNA damage checkpoint
      responses or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway activation. Notably, genetic or
      siRNA-mediated depletion of USP47 induced accumulation of Cdc25A, decreased cell
      survival and augmented the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. In conclusion,
      we showed that USP47, a novel beta-Trcp interactor, regulates cell growth and
      survival, potentially providing a novel target for anticancer therapies.

PMID- 19966872
TI  - Medical image. Recurrent muscle cramps in chronic diarrhoea. Primary intestinal
      lymphangiectasia.

PMID- 19966873
TI  - Uniform format for disclosure of competing interests in ICMJE journals.

PMID- 19966874
TI  - Monitoring the performance of New Zealand's National Cervical Screening Programme
      through data linkage.
AB  - AIM: To describe the method developed by the National Cervical Screening
      Programme (NCSP) for review of cases of cervical cancer; present results from the
      first 4 years of the review and compare these results with those of the earlier
      New Zealand Cervical Cancer Audit. METHODS: Linkage of cervical cancer
      registrations from the New Zealand Cancer Registry to smear histories from the
      NCSP Register via the National Health Index, for the 4-year period 2003-06.
      RESULTS: A total of 625 women were registered with cervical cancer from 2003-06,
      of whom 438 were eligible for linkage (women diagnosed with squamous or
      adenosquamous cervical cancer at <80 years of age). Of these 438 eligible cases,
      348 were histologically invasive and 90 were microinvasive. Unlike histological
      stage, clinical FIGO stage was missing in approximately 50%. Linkage to screening
      history revealed that 202 of the 438 eligible women (46%) had never been enrolled
      in the NCSP; 137 (31%) were enrolled but had only been infrequently or
      irregularly screened; and 85 (20%) developed cancer despite regular screening
      (data were missing for 3 women). These results were similar to those found in the
      New Zealand Cervical Cancer Audit, covering the period 2000-2002. CONCLUSIONS:
      Ongoing linkage of cancer data to screening data can be used to monitor the
      performance of the NCSP. Our finding that 80% of potentially preventable cervical
      cancers involve women who are not enrolled in the Programme or who have been only
      infrequently and irregularly screened, confirms that improving Programme coverage
      (currently around 72%) remains a priority. Further investigation (phase 2) is
      required for the small number of women who develop cervical cancer despite
      regular screening (average of 21 per year, or approximately 20% of eligible
      cases), to distinguish interval cancers from possible Programme quality issues.

PMID- 19966875
TI  - Waiting times for gynaecological cancer surgery.
AB  - AIM: This study sought to identify the perceived acceptable waiting times for
      gynaecological cancer surgery and to audit actual waiting times for
      gynaecological cancer patients in a tertiary referral service. METHODS: Women
      attending Gynaecological Outpatients and staff at Christchurch Women's Hospital
      were surveyed to determine their opinion regarding the acceptable waiting times
      from referral to diagnosis, diagnosis to treatment plan, and treatment plan to
      surgery for women with gynaecological cancer. The actual waiting times for
      patients who had surgery for gynaecological cancer over two 6-month periods at
      Christchurch Women's Hospital were audited. The waiting times obtained from the
      audit and the survey were then compared. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients were
      approached, and 71 surveys were completed (88%), while 97 surveys were sent to
      staff with a response rate of 63% (61 returns). There were similar perceptions of
      maximum acceptable waiting times between patients and staff. The audit reviewed
      notes of 82 patients. The median waiting time for referral from primary care to
      diagnosis was longer than the perceived maximum acceptable. However, the median
      waiting time from diagnosis to treatment plan and from treatment plan to surgery
      was less than the perceived acceptable maximum. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents
      perceived acceptable waiting times and actual waiting times for surgery of women
      with gynaecological cancer within a regional service. This study offers
      preliminary information towards the development of benchmarks for this service.

PMID- 19966876
TI  - Travelling surgeons--a clinical audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures
      in Northland, New Zealand.
AB  - AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of laparoscopic
      cholecystectomy surgery performed in a peripheral hospital by travelling
      surgeons. METHODS: A retrospective audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
      operations performed in Kaitaia hospital was completed and compared with
      international literature. Data was collected for procedures completed between
      March 2005 and August 2006. Information on patient demographics, admission,
      diagnosis, and length of stay were gathered, as well as information regarding
      complications of stump leak, conversion rate to open cholecystectomy, infection,
      postoperative Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatogram (ERCP) requirement
      and death. RESULTS: 149 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed in Kaitaia.
      Conversion to open was 5.4%. When all complications were compared no
      statistically significant difference could be found between complication rates in
      Kaitaia and those in international literature in almost all categories studied.
      Common Bile Duct (CBD) injury in Kaitaia was found to be lower than that reported
      in international literature. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomies are
      performed safely in Kaitaia hospital by travelling surgeons. Surgery performed in
      Kaitaia showed low complication rates, even by international standards. This is
      not surprising given the high number of elective operations.

PMID- 19966877
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for neurological disorders.
AB  - AIM: To determine the extent to which the use of intravenous human immunoglobulin
      for neurological conditions complied with the guidelines of the Australian Health
      Minister's Advisory Council. METHODS: Patients treated with intravenous
      immunoglobulin in Otago over a 5.5-year period were identified from the records
      of the New Zealand Blood Service and the hospital files were reviewed. RESULTS:
      200 patients received immunoglobulin therapy, of whom 57 had neurological
      conditions: myasthenia gravis, (15.8%), Guillain-Barre syndrome (36.8%), multiple
      sclerosis (10.5%), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (17.5%),
      inclusion body myositis (7%), polymyositis (1.7%), miscellaneous disorders (stiff
      person syndrome, diabetic amyotrophy, neuropathy associated with
      paraproteinaemia, and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies)
      (10.5). Thirty-one percent of the immunoglobulin was used in 27% of the patients
      for disorders lacking convincing evidence of benefit according to the guidelines
      of the Australian Health Minister's Advisory Council. These were multiple
      sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, and miscellaneous neuropathies. Good response
      occurred most often in patients with myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome,
      multiple sclerosis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
      CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous immunoglobulin was frequently used for indications not
      recommended by the Australian Health Minister's Advisory Council guidelines.
      However guidelines vary internationally, and there is a paucity of controlled
      studies to guide management of some uncommon conditions.

PMID- 19966878
TI  - Temporal lobe resection for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy at Auckland
      Hospital.
AB  - AIMS: To analyse the long-term outcome of patients who underwent temporal lobe
      resection for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy at Auckland Hospital. METHODS:
      We performed a retrospective analysis of 176 patients who underwent temporal lobe
      resection at Auckland Hospital, New Zealand between 1987 and 2007. We had at
      least 1 year of follow-up on 174 patients. RESULTS: Overall 98/174 (56%)
      individuals were seizure-free at 1 year (Engel Class 1) with a marked improvement
      in quality of life. A further 61/174 (35%) had rare seizures or had significant
      improvement in seizure frequency (Engel Classes II or III). At last follow up
      (mean 4.3 years) 95/174 (55%) were seizure-free (Engel Class 1). Hippocampal
      sclerosis was the pathological finding in 129 patients. Surgical complications
      included 2 (1.1%) deaths, while 6 (3.4%) patients had symptomatic visual field
      defects, and 8 (4.5%) had other permanent neurological problems. A further 18
      (10.3%) patients had temporary complications including infection, pulmonary
      embolus, and aseptic meningitis. New psychological symptoms occurred during the
      first year after surgery in 52% of 114 patients for whom we had detailed
      psychiatric assessments. CONCLUSION: Temporal lobe resection is effective in
      controlling medically intractable seizures, but there are potentially serious
      complications that need to be considered when counselling patients for such a
      procedure.

PMID- 19966879
TI  - The use of computed tomography in the detection and characterisation of large
      bowel obstruction.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has become the imaging modality of choice for the
      investigation of patients with clinico-radiological suspicion of obstruction.
      Appropriate CT technique is discussed, with recommendations on how to improve
      diagnostic confidence and to reduce radiation dose. The performance of CT in the
      investigation of LBO is compared to that of the plain abdominal radiograph and
      contrast enema. CT is unrivalled in its ability to detect and characterise the
      cause of large bowel obstruction (LBO), identify complications, and guide
      appropriate treatment.

PMID- 19966880
TI  - Induced sputum or bronchoscopy in the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis?

PMID- 19966881
TI  - Medical image. Duodenal transposition for superior mesenteric artery syndrome in
      a child.

PMID- 19966882
TI  - Alternative diagnosis in clinically suspected cases of measles.

PMID- 19966883
TI  - The importance of tobacco prices to roll-your-own (RYO) smokers (national survey
      data): higher tax needed on RYO.

PMID- 19966884
TI  - A physicist's view of the climate change crisis: delighted with the attention
      given to this important issue.

PMID- 19966886
TI  - Swearing as a non-prescription drug.

PMID- 19966885
TI  - An engineer's view of the climate change crisis: the earth is now actually in a
      cooling phase.

PMID- 19966887
TI  - Sign On--prescribing for climate health.

PMID- 19966888
TI  - Health and nutrition of working dogs.

PMID- 19966889
TI  - A survey of diseases of working farm dogs in New Zealand.
AB  - AIMS: To record the incidence of specific diseases affecting working farm dogs;
      identify any apparent breed predispositions; determine the most important causes
      of loss from death, euthanasia, or retirement of the dog; and identify potential
      interventions that could reduce the incidence of disease. METHODS: A national
      questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the incidence
      of specific diseases, and circumstances of trauma affecting working farm dogs
      that presented to rural veterinary practices over a 12-month period, between
      April 2008 and April 2009. The practices were convenience-sampled on the basis of
      geography and size. RESULTS: Sixty-six practices were approached, and
      veterinarians from 30 practices agreed to participate, with representation from
      all major rural regions of New Zealand. Data were provided on 2,214
      presentations, excluding revisits, of which 51% were for Huntaways and 39%
      Heading dogs. Trauma was identified as a cause of injury in 848 (38%) visits.
      Huntaways were apparently over-represented in cases of constipation, gastric
      dilatation-volvulus (GDV), theriogenological problems, laryngitis, hip dysplasia,
      and degenerative lumbosacral disease. In contrast, Heading dogs were over
      represented among cases of multiple ligamentous injury of the stifle, disruption
      of the gastrocnemius or Achilles tendon, tarsal injuries, and hip luxation.
      Traumatic injury involved injury by stock (20%), automotive incidents (19%),
      transit across fence lines (16%), and dog bites (12%). Loss occurred following
      10% of visits, of which trauma was known to be involved in 32%. The most
      important non-traumatic causes of loss were GDV, degenerative joint disease,
      mammary neoplasia and diseases involving the female reproductive tract, cardiac
      disease, and poisoning. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Several important diseases appear
      amenable to intervention through nutrition, neutering, or behavioural
      modification, including constipation, GDV, theriogenological problems, dog-bite
      injuries, and laryngitis. Altering modes of transit across fence lines has the
      potential to reduce large numbers of serious orthopaedic injuries to working farm
      dogs.

PMID- 19966891
TI  - Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in working dogs: current concepts and review.
AB  - Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) is characterised by intervertebral disc
      degeneration, with secondary bony and soft-tissue changes leading to compression
      of the cauda equina. Large-breed, active and working dogs are the most commonly
      affected by DLSS. Specific manipulative tests allow the clinician to form a high
      suspicion of DLSS, and initiate investigation. Changes seen using conventional
      radiography are unreliable, and although contrast radiography represents an
      improvement, advanced imaging is accepted as the diagnostic method of choice.
      Treatment involves decompression and/or stabilisation procedures in working dogs,
      although conservative management may be acceptable in pet dogs with mild signs.
      Prognosis for return to work is only fair, and there is a high rate of recurrence
      following conventional surgery. Stabilisation procedures are associated with the
      potential for failure of the implant, and their use has not gained universal
      acceptance. A new surgical procedure, dorsolateral foramenotomy, offers a
      potential advance in the management of DLSS. everal aspects of the pathogenesis,
      heritability and optimal treatment approach remain uncertain.

PMID- 19966890
TI  - The effects of the proportions of dietary macronutrients on the digestibility,
      post-prandial endocrine responses and large intestinal fermentation of
      carbohydrate in working dogs.
AB  - AIM: To compare the effects of feeding diets varying in the proportions of
      macronutrients on the digestibility, post-prandial endocrine responses and large
      intestinal fermentation of carbohydrate in working dogs. METHODS: The apparent
      digestibility of two test diets, one comprising low-carbohydrate, high-protein
      dry biscuits (Diet 1), and one comprising high-carbohydrate, low-protein dry
      biscuits (Diet 2), fed to 12 adult Harrier Hounds (n=5 female), was determined
      using the indigestible-marker and total-collection methods. Serial breath samples
      were collected from each dog before and after feeding, and analysed for
      concentrations of hydrogen. Concentrations of glucose and insulin in plasma were
      established from serial blood samples obtained after feeding. RESULTS: The
      apparent dry matter, protein, fat and energy digestibility of Diet 1 were higher,
      but the carbohydrate digestibility was lower (p<0.05), than those of Diet 2. The
      apparent digestibility values determined using the total-collection method were
      lower (p<0.05) for carbohydrates, and tended to be lower for dry matter and
      energy (p<0.10) than those determined using the indigestible-marker method, but
      the values for protein and fat digestibility were similar using the two methods
      of determination. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of hydrogen detected in the
      breath of the dogs occurred earlier for Diet 1 than Diet 2 (p<0.01). However, the
      Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) for breath hydrogen were higher in the dogs
      fed Diet 2 than Diet 1 (p<0.01). The Cmax for glucose and insulin in plasma
      occurred earlier in dogs fed Diet 2 compared with those fed Diet 1 (p<0.05).
      However, the Cmax for glucose, and AUC for glucose and for insulin were not
      different between the two diets. The Cmax for insulin was greater for Diet 2
      compared with Diet 1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The low-carbohydrate, high-protein
      diet (Diet 1) appeared to offer certain advantages to working dogs, including
      higher apparent nutrient digestibility, slower release of glucose into the
      bloodstream, and reduced large intestinal fermentation of carbohydrate. CLINICAL
      RELEVANCE: A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet may be beneficial for specific
      groups of dogs, including working dogs subjected to prolonged bouts of exercise
      requiring a sustained energy source, or those with diabetes mellitus requiring
      better glycaemic control.

PMID- 19966892
TI  - Prospective evaluation of pancarpal arthrodesis for carpal injuries in working
      dogs in New Zealand, using dorsal hybrid plating.
AB  - AIM: To determine whether working dogs in New Zealand with carpal injuries and
      treated with unilateral pancarpal arthrodesis (PCA), using a dorsal hybrid
      plating method, are able to return to satisfactory working ability. METHODS:
      Fourteen working dogs presented to the Veterinary Specialist Group (VSG) and the
      Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH) with carpal injuries were
      prospectively treated using dorsal hybrid plating. Dogs were eligible if actively
      involved in farm, hunting or police work. Dogs had a standardised PCA surgical
      procedure performed, and similar instructions for post-operative care were
      provided. Dogs were re-evaluated clinically and radiographically at 6 weeks, 6
      months, and 12 months after surgery. A questionnaire was completed by 12 owners,
      to assess each dog's working ability. RESULTS: Twelve months following
      arthrodesis, 10/12 (83%) dogs could perform most or all duties normally. Eleven
      owners (92%) reported that the result of the surgery met their expectations, and
      nine owners (75%) were very satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. No owners
      were disappointed or very disappointed with the surgical outcome. Post-operative
      complications requiring surgical removal of the implant occurred in three (25%)
      dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral PCA using a standardised surgical procedure and
      dorsal hybrid plating of carpal injuries has a good prognosis for working dogs in
      New Zealand to return to work. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results may allow
      veterinarians to provide a more accurate prognosis to owners of working dogs that
      have debilitating carpal injury.

PMID- 19966893
TI  - An assessment of the agreement between the New Zealand Veterinary Association Hip
      Dysplasia Scoring System and the PennHIP Distraction Index in German Shepherd
      dogs.
AB  - AIM: To determine the level of agreement between the New Zealand Veterinary
      Association (NZVA) Hip Dysplasia Scoring System and the University of
      Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program (PennHIP) Distraction Index in German
      Shepherd dogs, and whether using the NZVA subtotal score or its components
      affected the level of agreement. METHODS: A prospective study was performed using
      47 German Shepherd police dogs undergoing breeding evaluation. All dogs were
      scored using the NZVA system and the PennHIP index. The relationships between the
      individual hip-distraction index scores and the scores from the NZVA system, i.e.
      the total score, the subtotal score, and the scores for the categories making up
      the subtotal score, were analysed using correlation, followed by univariate ANOVA
      for the subtotal categories alone. The scores from the NZVA system and the
      distraction index were then dichotomised into either low or high risk of canine
      hip dysplasia (CHD). A sign test was then used to determine whether three NZVA
      thresholds identified the same proportion of 'at-risk' dogs as the distraction
      index threshold. Where this was the case, the Kappa value was calculated to
      identify the degree of agreement between the NZVA measures and the distraction
      index. RESULTS: The left-hip distraction index was significantly correlated to
      both left-subtotal and left-total NZVA score, however for right-hip scores there
      was no such correlation. The individual categories of the subtotal NZVA score
      were not significantly associated with the distraction index except for the
      subluxation score of the left hip. The proportion of dogs identified as being 'at
      risk' for CHD identified using a distraction-index threshold of 0.3 was similar
      to that identified by an NZVA total or subtotal score of >2 (44/47 cf. 45/47,
      respectively). However, none of the dogs identified as low risk using the
      distraction index was identified as low risk by either of the NZVA scores. This
      poor agreement (Kappa value <0) was not improved by using a threshold of >1 in
      any of the categories used to calculate the NZVA score. The agreement between the
      two scores was improved by using different thresholds; distraction index >0.5 and
      an NZVA total score of >9. These thresholds identified a much lower proportion of
      'at-risk' dogs (5/47 and 10/47, respectively) than the standard thresholds. The
      Kappa values using the thresholds of 0.5 for the distraction-index and > or = 9
      for the NZVA scores were moderate for subtotal (0.55; 95% CI=0.16-0.94) and low
      for total (0.31; 95% CI=-0.02 to 0.63) score. CONCLUSIONS: The low level of
      agreement between the NZVA total scores and the PennHIP distraction index,
      particularly when the standard interpretations were used, is of concern as
      assessing dogs by each method gave disparate results. There was evidence from
      this study that using the subtotal score moderately improved the level of
      agreement with distraction index, but only at the higher thresholds. CLINICAL
      RELEVANCE: The low level of agreement between NZVA and PennHIP results in the
      same dog precludes them being used interchangeably to guide breeding decisions.
      The higher heritability of distraction-index measurement in previous studies
      suggests that it is a better selection tool for breeding dogs when CHD is present
      within a population. The advantage of a hip-extended ventrodorsal view is its low
      cost and widespread availability but comparisons between individuals may not be
      accurate due to the poor sensitivity and the presence of false negatives.

PMID- 19966894
TI  - Intra-thoracic pyogranulomatous disease in four working dogs.
AB  - CASE HISTORY: Four working dogs were presented to veterinary clinics in New
      Zealand for weight loss or swelling of the thoracic wall. All dogs were large
      breed males between the ages of 4 and 7 years, and actively involved in farm
      work. The two dogs with swelling of the thoracic wall had recent histories of
      work-related trauma. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: All four dogs were
      diagnosed with intra-thoracic pyogranulomatous disease via diagnostic imaging and
      surgical exploration. Two dogs had confirmed infection with Actinomyces viscosus,
      while a third had suspected Actinomyces or Nocardia spp. infection. The fourth
      dog had a streptococcal infection, and a grass-seed foreign body was removed at
      surgery. Two dogs successfully returned to work, however euthanasia was requested
      by the owners of the other two, either during surgery, due to intra-thoracic
      haemorrhage, or shortly after, with post-operative meningitis. CLINICAL
      RELEVANCE: Due to the high value of working dogs in New Zealand, and the higher
      than-average risk profile for intra-thoracic pyogranulomatous disease,
      veterinarians should be aware of this syndrome, and should seek to appropriately
      diagnose and aggressively treat it surgically.

PMID- 19966895
TI  - Ovine genital actinobacillosis: a review.
AB  - Actinobacillus seminis infection in rams constitutes a spectrum of pathological
      changes in various genital organs, with a predilection for the cauda epididymis.
      There is a need to understand the disease, as it represents a significant factor
      contributing to infertility and sterility. Here, we aim to provide a
      comprehensive overview of the biological characteristics of A. seminis, modes of
      transmission, epidemiology and pathogenesis, clinical signs and pathological
      changes of the disease, the laboratory techniques that have been used in
      diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention, and the
      considerations that need to be taken into account for future research.

PMID- 19966896
TI  - Drench-and-shift is a high-risk practice in the absence of refugia.
AB  - AIM: To examine the effect of an anthelmintic treatment to lambs, followed
      immediately by a shift onto pastures with differing levels of larval
      contamination, on the development of anthelmintic resistance, in order to support
      recommendations to farmers regarding drench-and-shift practices for sustainable
      worm control. METHODS: Newly weaned Romney lambs (n=72) were dosed with third
      stage infective larvae (L3) of two nematode parasite species, Teladorsagia
      (=Ostertagia) circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, comprising
      benzimidazole-resistant and -susceptible isolates, calculated to yield, after
      treatment with albendazole, a 95% reduction in faecal nematode egg count (FEC).
      Once infections became patent (Day 0), lambs were randomised into nine groups of
      eight animals, treated with albendazole at the manufacturer's recommended dose
      rate, and moved to individual pastures each previously prepared to have one of
      three different levels of parasite larval infestation (Treatment 1 = low
      contamination, Treatment 2 = medium contamination, and Treatment 3 = high
      contamination), and grazed on those pastures before receiving a second treatment
      with albendazole at Day 47. Anthelmintic resistance status in each group of lambs
      was measured using FEC reduction (FECR) and egg-hatch assays (EHA) after the
      first anthelmintic treatment, and FECR after the second treatment. RESULTS: Egg
      hatch assays demonstrated significant differences between treatments. The
      concentration of anthelmintic required to kill 50% of the eggs (LC50) for
      Treatment 1, comprising the least contaminated pastures, was significantly higher
      than for Treatments 2 and 3 on Days 33 and 40. Treatment 1 also had a
      significantly lower FECR at the final anthelmintic treatment, and significantly
      lower FEC than the other two treatments from Days 26 to 47. CONCLUSIONS: The
      results demonstrated that the populations of T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis
      in lambs treated with anthelmintic had significantly higher levels of albendazole
      resistance at the end of the grazing period in lambs moved onto pastures with
      relatively low levels of parasite contamination than those moved onto pastures
      with relatively higher contamination, confirming drench-and-shift onto 'clean'
      pasture as a high-risk practice for the selection for anthelmintic resistance.
      While this does not necessarily preclude the use of this practice it does
      emphasise the importance of taking appropriate remedial action to minimise the
      risk.

PMID- 19966897
TI  - A survey of adult victims of dog bites in New Zealand.
AB  - AIM: To describe the circumstances of dog bites to adults in New Zealand, in
      order to better understand factors associated with these bites. METHODS: A
      questionnaire was sent to 1,800 adults aged > or =16 years who had made claims to
      the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) in 2002 as a result of dog bites.
      RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty-five questionnaires were returned; 50% of
      respondents were male, and 30% of bites were reported to local authorities. Most
      injuries were to the legs or hand. More people were bitten by male dogs than
      female dogs. A disproportionate number of bites took place in rural areas, but
      the most common locations for attacks were streets/walkways, and the victim's
      home. Protection of territory, accidental bites, fear, and pain were considered
      to be the most common reasons for dogs to bite. CONCLUSION: Many victims were
      bitten in situations that could have been avoided.

PMID- 19966898
TI  - Polymeric nanoparticles as an oral delivery system for biocontrol agents for the
      brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
AB  - AIM: To investigate polymeric nanoparticles as an oral delivery system for
      protein biocontrol agents for control of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus
      vulpecula. METHODS: Insulin-loaded poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) (PECA)
      nanoparticles were prepared using interfacial polymerisation, and characterised
      for size, zeta potential, and efficiency of encapsulation of insulin. In-vitro
      release of insulin-loaded PECA nanoparticles was quantified using reverse-phase
      high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in-vivo pharmacokinetics of
      insulin in PECA nanoparticles was investigated following I/V administration, and
      when injected directly into the caecum alone or in conjunction with the
      permeation enhancer EDTA. Blood samples were collected at intervals from -5 to
      180 minutes, and the concentration of insulin in plasma was quantified using a
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) validated for possum plasma. RESULTS: Poly(ethyl 2
      cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles were produced with a uniform particle size of 200
      300 nm, and the mean entrapment of insulin was 78%. In-vitro release of insulin
      from the PECA nanoparticles was controlled, although incomplete, and
      approximately 30% of the insulin remained entrapped. The bioavailability of
      insulin when administered in a PECA nanoparticulate formulation injected directly
      into the caecum was <1%, and was not increased by addition of the permeation
      enhancer. CONCLUSIONS: The nanoparticulate formulations investigated as part of
      this study resulted in low bioavailability of the peptide insulin in the
      brushtail possum.

PMID- 19966899
TI  - A survey of the husbandry of captive tuatara (Sphenodon spp.) in relation to
      factors implicated in nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - AIM: To examine selected aspects of the diet and husbandry of captive tuatara
      (Sphenodon spp.) in New Zealand, in order to develop recommendations on provision
      of ultraviolet B light and diet, to reduce the incidence of nutritional secondary
      hyperparathyroidism (NSHP). METHODS: Information was collected from 18/20
      institutions holding tuatara in New Zealand, on the numbers kept, dimensions and
      type of enclosures, and type of light sources used. Historical information on
      breeding activity and problems known to be associated with NSHP, and standardised
      measurements of levels of ultraviolet B light in enclosures were also recorded.
      Diet samples were collected (n=17) and analysed for Ca, P and vitamin D content.
      RESULTS: The intensity of ultraviolet B light was lower where there was a history
      of previous high, compared with medium or low, risk of NSHP for tuatara kept
      indoors (p>0.001). Light sources varied significantly in both output of
      ultraviolet B light (spectral irradiance) at the source, and fractional reduction
      in electromagnetic fluence with increasing distance from the source. The average
      exposure to ultraviolet B light of captive tuatara kept indoors was 26.44 (SE
      4.29) microW/cm2, and there was significant variation between enclosures, with
      4/14 (29%) institutes having no measurable ultraviolet B light present. For
      tuatara kept outdoors ultraviolet B light at ground level was influenced by
      weather conditions (p< or =0.007), roofing material (p=0.004), and substrate
      shading (p=0.003). The Ca:P ratio of dietary samples was 2.3 (SE 1.9), but this
      included one extreme outlier (32.7). When the outlier was excluded, it was 0.53
      (SE 0.16). The levels of vitamin D in the feed samples were below the minimum
      detectable level of the assay (<20 IU/100 g) for all but one sample (72 IU/100 g)
      that had been dusted with vitamin/mineral supplement prior to freezing.
      CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The current diet and husbandry of captive
      tuatara in New Zealand predisposes the animals to NSHP. The ultraviolet B light
      emitted from commercial light sources dissipates rapidly with increasing distance
      from the source. Regular direct measurement of ultraviolet B light at substrate
      level is recommended for indoor enclosures, whereas tuatara kept outdoors should
      have access to an unshaded basking area through a wire-meshed roof. The Ca:P
      ratio and concentration of vitamin D of most common food items fed to tuatara is
      deficient, and reptile vitamin and mineral supplements should be provided by
      dusting or gut-loading insect food items.

PMID- 19966900
TI  - Carbendazim, at concentrations used on pasture for facial eczema control, reduces
      development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis when sprayed onto infected sheep
      faeces.
AB  - AIM: To determine whether the fungicide, carbendazim, as applied to pastures for
      controlling facial eczema (FE), would inhibit development of the free-living
      stages of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
      METHODS: Two studies were conducted, using sheep faeces containing eggs of T.
      colubriformis. In the first, the faeces were either exposed or not to an
      application of carbendazim sprayed at the recommended rate for FE control. After
      spraying, dishes containing the faeces were incubated at 20 degrees C for 14
      days, and the resulting third-stage infective larvae (L3) extracted by
      baermannisation and counted. In addition, naturally infested pasture was also
      sprayed, and the number of L3 present 7 days later was assessed by cutting
      herbage samples and extracting larvae by soaking in water and baermannisation. In
      the second, the faeces were incubated at 20 degrees C for 0, 3 or 7 days before
      being exposed to no, one or two applications of carbendazim. After further
      incubation for 14, 11 or 7 days, L3 were similarly extracted by baermannisation
      and counted. RESULTS: In the first study, there was a 74% reduction in the number
      of T. colubriformis larvae recovered from faeces exposed to carbendazim compared
      with faeces not exposed, but there was no reduction in the number of L3 recovered
      from herbage. In the second study, faeces incubated for 0 or 3 days prior to
      exposure to a single application of carbendazim yielded 98% or 89% fewer larvae,
      respectively, than faeces not exposed. Faeces incubated for 7 days prior to
      exposure yielded similar numbers of larvae to faeces not exposed. CONCLUSION:
      Treatment of pastures with carbendazim for FE control is likely to result in
      reduced development of the larvae of T. colubriformis, and by inference those of
      other species, where the application coincides with the presence of freshly
      deposited faeces containing eggs and developing larvae. However, no effect of
      treatment on L3 was indicated. The significance of this for on-farm nematode
      parasite control remains to be determined, as does any potential for strategic
      applications of carbendazim to pasture aimed at reducing numbers of parasite
      larvae on pasture. The latter should not be contemplated without due
      consideration of the implications for the development of anthelmintic resistance.

PMID- 19966901
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in the plasma of Japanese quail.
AB  - AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of florfenicol in the
      plasma of healthy Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). METHODS: Sixty-five quail
      were given an I/V and I/M dose of florfenicol at 30 mg/kg bodyweight (BW). A two
      period sequential design was used, with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between the
      different routes of administration. Concentrations of florfenicol in plasma were
      determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: A naive
      pooled data analysis approach for the plasma concentration-time profile of
      florfenicol was found to fit a non-compartmental open model. After I/V
      administration, the mean residence time (MRT), mean volume of distribution at
      steady state (Vss), and total body clearance of florfenicol were 12.0 (SD 0.37)
      h, 8.7 (SD 0.22) L/kg, and 1.3 (SD 0.08) L/h/ kg, respectively. After I/M
      injection, the MRT, mean absorption time (MAT), and bioavailability were 12.3 (SD
      0.37) h, 0.2 (SD 0.02) h, and 79.1 (SD 1.79)%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The
      time for the concentration of florfenicol to fall below the probable effective
      concentration of 1 microg/ ml of approximately 10 h is sufficient for the minimum
      inhibitory concentration needed for many bacterial isolates. Further
      pharmacodynamic studies in quail are needed to evaluate a suitable dosage
      regimen.

PMID- 19966902
TI  - Carbamate poisoning in a dairy goat herd: clinicopathological findings and
      therapeutic approach.
AB  - CASE HISTORY: Approximately 1 hour after the consumption of carnations from a
      nearby glasshouse 55 animals from a dairy goat herd exhibited signs of possible
      poisoning. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Upon clinical examination affected animals
      exhibited signs of salivation, tympany, tachypnoea, polydipsia, urination,
      diarrhoea, bradycardia, miosis, tremor and convulsions. As poisoning from an
      acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide was suspected, treatment with
      atropine sulphate was initiated at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. The treatment
      was repeated for some animals that relapsed, and was effective in all cases, with
      the exception of one goat kid that died. DIAGNOSIS: Necropsy of the goat kid
      showed pulmonary oedema and congestion of internal organs. Toxicological analysis
      of stomach contents and liver of the dead animal, as well as of the carnations,
      revealed high concentrations of carbamates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carbamate
      poisoning after consumption of polluted feedstuffs or glasshouse products can be
      fatal for dairy goats. Atropine sulphate, at 0.3 mg/kg, can be useful in treating
      this condition.

PMID- 19966903
TI  - Confirmation of the occurrence of the nematode parasite Lamanema chavezi Becklund
      , 1963 in South American camelids in New Zealand.

PMID- 19966904
TI  - Enabling Thermoreversible Physically Cross-Linked Polymerized Colloidal Array
      Photonic Crystals.
AB  - We physically cross-linked a thermoreversible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel
      (TG) within a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) to form an enabling photonic
      crystal material. The TG consists of a physically cross-linked network formed in
      a process reminiscent of the well-known freeze-thaw physically cross-linking
      process, but which avoids solvent freezing which invariably disorders the CCA.
      These TGCCA can be inexpensively fabricated in any large volume and shape by
      avoiding the previous covalently polymerized CCA constraints that required thin
      sheet geometries to enable penetration of the UV light used to photopolymerize
      the system. This TG hydrogel enables rigidificaton of CCA crystals and subsequent
      chemical functionalization. In addition, an additional interpenetrating hydrogel
      can be polymerized within the TGPCCA. The TG can then be dissolved away by simply
      increasing the temperature. The TGCCA photonic crystal diffraction is highly
      efficient and similar to previously demonstrated PCCA with covalent cross-links.
      These TGCCA are stable for weeks or longer at room temperature and can be
      utilized as photonic crystal materials. They also can be irreversibly covalently
      cross-linked by using gluteraldehyde. These gluteraldehyde cross-linked TGCCA can
      be made into chemically responsive sensor photonic crystals by functionalizing
      the PVA hydroxyl groups with chemical recognition agents. We demonstrate low and
      high pH sensing by functionalizing with carboxylates and phenol derivatives,
      respectively.

PMID- 19966905
TI  - Critical appraisal and update on the clinical utility of agomelatine, a
      melatonergic agonist, for the treatment of major depressive disease in adults.
AB  - This article describes the pharmacology of the novel atypical antidepressant drug
      agomelatine, critically reviews and evaluates its clinical use for the treatment
      of major depression, and suggests areas for further research. Agomelatine is a
      synthetic analog of the hormone melatonin. It stimulates the activity of
      melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and inhibits the activity of serotonin 5HT-2C
      receptor subtypes. Three acute trials demonstrated clinically modest, but
      statistically significant benefits over placebo. Three acute trials did not find
      agomelatine more effective than placebo. A meta-analysis of these six trials
      demonstrated a small, statistically significant, marginally clinically relevant
      difference between agomelatine and placebo. The only placebo-controlled study in
      elderly patients did not demonstrate a significant benefit for agomelatine. It
      was more effective than placebo in only one of two relapse prevention studies.
      Agomelatine was generally well tolerated compared to placebo. Its side-effect
      profile is different than and compares favorably to other antidepressant drugs.
      The overall tolerability of agomelatine in head-to-head comparisons was not
      substantially better than active drug comparators. Agomelatine is contraindicated
      in patients with impaired liver function and in patients taking drugs that
      potently inhibit CYP-1A2 metabolic enzymes. Because elevated liver enzymes are
      common, and there is a rare risk of more serious liver reactions, routine
      laboratory monitoring of liver function is recommended periodically throughout
      treatment. Agomelatine does not have clinically significant advantages compared
      to other antidepressant drugs, and it has certain limitations and disadvantages.
      Because of its unique pharmacology and relatively benign tolerability profile,
      however, it may be a useful alternative for patients who do not respond to or
      cannot tolerate other antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 19966908
TI  - Clinical features of adolescents with deliberate self-harm: A case control study
      in Lisbon, Portugal.
AB  - Deliberate self-harm (DSH) among adolescents is a high-risk condition for
      suicide. The aim of the present study is to describe the characteristic clinical
      features of adolescents with DSH according to our local context (Lisbon,
      Portugal), using easily available information from clinical settings. A case
      control study was constructed from a sample of 100 adolescents (aged 12 to 21
      years). The sample was divided into two groups: adolescents with and without DSH.
      Case files were examined and data was completed by clinical interviews.
      Demographic, psychosocial, and psychopathological data were assessed and
      compared. Ninety-eight subjects completed the protocol. The DSH group was
      associated with the following: suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior as
      consultation motive, emergency room referral, previous follow-up attempts,
      suicidal ideation, psychosocial difficulties, or lack of therapeutic goals. There
      was a nonsignificant trend towards diagnosis of depression in the DSH group.
      These results reflect our clinical practice with adolescents and add data about
      teenagers who self-harm to the literature. Prevention and early recognition of
      DSH (and frequently associated depression) in adolescents are essential and could
      be life-saving measures. An integrated approach, which takes into account
      psychosocial difficulties, family dysfunction, and negative expectations, seems
      to be of great importance.

PMID- 19966907
TI  - Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurodegenerative disease.
AB  - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory
      chain, and as a dietary supplement it has recently gained attention for its
      potential role in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Evidence for
      mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders derives from animal
      models, studies of mitochondria from patients, identification of genetic defects
      in patients with neurodegenerative disease, and measurements of markers of
      oxidative stress. Studies of in vitro models of neuronal toxicity and animal
      models of neurodegenerative disorders have demonstrated potential neuroprotective
      effects of CoQ10. With this data in mind, several clinical trials of CoQ10 have
      been performed in Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinson's syndromes,
      Huntington's disease, Alzheimer disease, Friedreich's ataxia, and amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis, with equivocal findings. CoQ10 is widely available in multiple
      formulations and is very well tolerated with minimal adverse effects, making it
      an attractive potential therapy. Phase III trials of high-dose CoQ10 in large
      sample sizes are needed to further ascertain the effects of CoQ10 in
      neurodegenerative diseases.

PMID- 19966906
TI  - Current and emerging treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relatively rare
      neurodegenerative disorder of both upper and lower motoneurons. Currently, the
      management of ALS is essentially symptoms-based, and riluzole, an
      antiglutamatergic agent, is the only drug for the treatment of ALS approved by
      the food and drug administration. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed current literature
      concerning emerging treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS: A
      Medline literature search was performed to identify all studies on ALS treatment
      published from January 1st, 1986 through August 31st, 2009. We selected papers
      concerning only disease-modifying therapy. RESULTS: Forty-eight compounds were
      identified and reviewed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Riluzole is the only compound
      that demonstrated a beneficial effect on ALS patients, but with only modest
      increase in survival. Although several drugs showed effective results in the
      animal models for ALS, none of them significantly prolonged survival or improved
      quality of life of ALS patients. Several factors have been implicated in
      explaining the predominantly negative results of numerous randomized clinical
      trials in ALS, including methodological problems in the use of animal-drug
      screening, the lack of assessment of pharmacokinetic profile of the drugs, and
      methodological pitfalls of clinical trials in ALS patients.

PMID- 19966909
TI  - Safety and efficacy of testosterone gel in the treatment of male hypogonadism.
AB  - Transdermal testosterone gels were first introduced in the US in 2000. Since
      then, they have emerged as a favorable mode of testosterone substitution. Serum
      testosterone levels reach a steady-state in the first 24 hours of application and
      remain in the normal range for the duration of the application. This
      pharmacokinetic profile is comparable to that of testosterone patch but superior
      to injectable testosterone esters that are associated with peaks and troughs with
      each dose. Testosterone gels are as efficacious as patches and injectable forms
      in their effects on sexual function and mood. Anticipated increases in prostate
      specific antigen with testosterone therapy are not significantly different with
      testosterone gels, and the risk of polycythemia is lower than injectable
      modalities. Application site reactions, a major drawback of testosterone patches,
      occur less frequently with testosterone gels. However, inter-personal transfer is
      a concern if appropriate precautions are not taken. Superior tolerability and
      dose flexibility make testosterone gel highly desirable over other modalities of
      testosterone replacement. Androgel and Testim, the two currently available
      testosterone gel products in the US, have certain brand-specific properties that
      clinicians may consider prior to prescribing.

PMID- 19966910
TI  - Managing myelodysplastic symptoms in elderly patients.
AB  - Most patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are elderly (median age range
      65 to 70 years); as a consequence, the incidence and prevalence of these diseases
      are rising as the population ages. Physicians are often uncertain about how to
      identify patients who may benefit from specific treatment strategies. The
      International Prognostic Scoring System is a widely used tool to assess the risk
      of transformation to leukemia and to guide treatment decisions, but it fails to
      take into account many aspects of treating elderly patients, including comorbid
      illnesses, secondary causes of MDS, prior therapy for MDS, and other age-related
      health, functional, cognitive, and social problems that affect the outcome and
      managing of myelodysplastic symptoms. Patients with low-risk disease
      traditionally have been given only best supportive care, but evidence is
      increasing that treatment with novel non-conventional drugs such as lenalidomide
      or methyltransferase inhibitors may influence the natural history of the disease
      and should be used in conjunction with supportive-care measures. Supportive care
      of these patients could also be improved in order to enhance their quality of
      life and functional performance. Elderly patients commonly have multiple medical
      problems and use medications to deal with these. In addition, they are more
      likely to have more than one health care provider. These factors all increase the
      risk of drug interactions and the consequent treatment of toxicities.
      Manifestations of common toxicities or illnesses may be more subtle in the
      elderly, owing to age-associated functional deficits in multiple organ systems.
      Particularly important to the elderly MDS patient is the age-related decline in
      normal bone marrow function, including the diminished capacity of response to
      stressors such as infection or myelosuppressive treatments. Through the
      integration of geriatric and oncological strategies, a personalized approach
      toward this unique population may be applied. As with many diseases in the
      elderly, reliance on family members or friends to maintain the prescribed
      treatments, including travel to and from appointments, may place additional
      stressors on the patient and his/her support network. Careful evaluation and
      knowledge of functional status, ability to tolerate treatments, effect of disease
      progression, and general overall health conditions can provide the best
      opportunity to support these patients. Immediate assessment of daily living
      activities may detect deficiencies or deficits that often require early
      interventions.

PMID- 19966911
TI  - The inclusion of cognition in vascular risk factor clinical practice guidelines.
AB  - BACKGROUND: People with vascular risk factors are at increased risk for cognitive
      impairment as well as vascular disease. The objective of this study was to
      evaluate whether vascular risk factor clinical practice guidelines consider
      cognition as an outcome or in connection with treatment compliance. METHODS:
      Articles from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were assessed by at least
      two reviewers and were included if: (1) Either hypertension, high cholesterol,
      diabetes, or atrial fibrillation was targeted; (2) The guideline was directed at
      physicians; (3) Adult patients (aged 19 years or older) were targeted; and (4)
      The guideline was published in English. Of 91 guidelines, most were excluded
      because they were duplicates, older versions, or focused on single outcomes.
      RESULTS: Of the 20 clinical practice guidelines that met inclusion criteria, five
      mentioned cognition. Of these five, four described potential treatment benefits
      but only two mentioned that cognition may affect compliance. No guidelines
      adequately described how to screen for cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: Despite
      evidence that links cognitive impairment to vascular risk factors, only a
      minority of clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of vascular risk
      factors consider cognition as either an adverse outcome or as a factor to
      consider in treatment.

PMID- 19966913
TI  - Reducing hip fracture risk with risedronate in elderly women with established
      osteoporosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence to support the efficacy of current
      pharmaceutical agents in reducing the risk of hip fracture in older
      postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the
      efficacy of risedronate in reducing the risk of hip fracture in elderly
      postmenopausal women aged > or = 70 years with established osteoporosis, i.e.,
      those with bone mineral density-defined osteoporosis and a prevalent vertebral
      fracture. METHODS: Post hoc analysis of the Hip Intervention Program (HIP) study,
      a randomized controlled trial comparing risedronate with placebo for reducing the
      risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Women aged 70 to 100 years with
      established osteoporosis (baseline femoral neck T-score < or = -2.5 and > or =1
      prior vertebral fracture) were included. The main outcome measure was 3-year hip
      fracture incidence in the risedronate and placebo groups. RESULTS: A total of
      1656 women met the inclusion criteria. After 3 years, hip fracture had occurred
      in 3.8% of risedronate-treated patients and 7.4% of placebo-treated patients
      (relative risk 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.91; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION:
      Risedronate significantly reduced the risk of hip fracture in women aged up to
      100 years with established osteoporosis.

PMID- 19966912
TI  - Review of the treatment of acute coronary syndrome in elderly patients.
AB  - Advances in treatment and early revascularization have led to improved outcomes
      for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, elderly ACS patients
      are less likely to receive evidence-based treatment, including revascularization
      therapy, due to uncertainty of the associated benefits and risks in this
      population. This article addresses key issues regarding medical and
      revascularization therapy in elderly ACS patients based on a review of the
      medical literature and in concordance with clinical practice guidelines from the
      American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC).

PMID- 19966915
TI  - The Measurement of Economic, Social and Environmental Performance of Countries: A
      Novel Approach.
AB  - This paper presents a new analytical framework for assessing spatial disparities
      among countries. It takes for granted that the analysis of a country's
      performance cannot be limited solely to either economic or social factors. The
      aim of the paper is to combine relevant economic and 'non-economic' (mainly
      social) aspects of a country's performance in an integrated logical framework.
      Based on this idea, a structural simultaneous equation model will be presented
      and estimated in order to explore the direction of the causal relationship
      between economic and non-economic aspects of a country's performance.
      Furthermore, an exploration of the trajectory that each country has registered
      over time along a virtuous path will be offered. By means of a matrix
      persistency/transition analysis, the countries will be classified in clusters of
      good/bad performance. One of the most interesting conclusions concerns the
      inability of most countries to turn the higher educational skills of the
      population into greater economic performance over time. In addition, our analysis
      also shows that making an accurate picture record and formulating related policy
      aiming at environmental care is highly desirable. It is surprising that only a
      few countries have reached a favourable economic and environmental performance
      simultaneously.

PMID- 19966914
TI  - Age-related disruption of the lamina dura: evidence in the mandibular horizontal
      incompletely impacted third molar.
AB  - Changes in the lamina dura are associated with dental diseases around the root of
      the tooth and with systemic diseases; however, the lamina dura below the crown of
      horizontal, incompletely impacted third molars has not been studied. Using
      orthopantomography, we studied the age of subjects with and without the lamina
      dura in 419 subjects. The participants were between the ages of 21 and 89 years.
      Mean age in men with the lamina dura was 30.29 +/- 9.92 and without the lamina
      dura was 47.64 +/- 16.32 (P < 0.0001), and in women with a lamina dura it was
      29.65 +/- 8.19 and without a lamina dura 41.97 +/- 11.07 (P < 0.0001). To study
      the effect of aging, the relationship between the lamina dura and dental status
      was assessed in subjects over the age of 31 years. Alveolar bone resorption in
      the canine and the first molar of the ipsilateral mandible in subjects without
      the lamina dura was not significantly higher than in those with the lamina dura.
      There were no significant differences in the number of teeth lost, except in men,
      the number of treated teeth and the number of decayed teeth differed between
      groups. Disruption of the lamina dura was related to age, but with no alveolar
      bone resorption in the mandible.

PMID- 19966916
TI  - Income Attainment among Victims of Violence: Results From a Preliminary Study.
AB  - Violent victimisation may have many short-term psychological and physical
      outcomes. Occasionally, the negative aftermath of violence persists over time or
      induces other and more far-reaching consequences. Income attainment after
      victimisation is one of these outcomes. To date, previous studies have focussed
      on the income effects of violent victimisation during childhood and adolescence.
      Violence exposure during the early stages of the life course may frustrate
      processes of educational and occupational attainment and consequentially result
      in lower income levels. However, in addition or alternatively, many other and age
      independent pathways between violent victimisation and income may be suggested.
      Prior studies appear to have paid little attention to this issue. Therefore, the
      purpose of the current study was to explore whether violent victimisation is
      associated with income levels several years after victimisation, irrespective of
      the age at which victimisation occurs. Victims of violence were recruited through
      the Dutch Victim Compensation Fund. To preliminary estimate the effect of violent
      victimisation on income, a comparable control group of non-victims was composed.
      The study sample contained 206 victims and 173 non-victims. Both bivariate
      correlational and multivariate statistical techniques suggested that violent
      victimisation is a significant predictor of income. Implications of the presented
      results were discussed with regard to future research and policy practice.

PMID- 19966917
TI  - Reliability of Threshold and Suprathreshold Methods for Taste Phenotyping:
      Characterization with PROP and Sodium Chloride.
AB  - The present study aimed to compare the accuracy and reliability of four standard
      methods used for classification of people as taster or non-tasters based on their
      sensitivity to PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil). A panel consisting of 21 subjects was
      tested for threshold and suprathreshold sensitivity of sodium chloride, PROP, and
      genotyped for TAS2R38. Two threshold methods, staircase and modified Harris
      Kalmus, were used to obtain detection and recognition thresholds and compared for
      accuracy and repeatability. Similarly, two suprathreshold techniques, the just
      noticeable differences (JND) and the general labeled magnitude scale (gLMS), were
      used to determine Weber fractions and individual psychophysical functions and
      compared for accuracy and repeatability. Results show both threshold methods have
      been able to correctly separate people into two groups of tasters and non
      tasters, with the staircase method having a lower variability among subjects. On
      the suprathreshold front, we found differences in sensitivity between tasters and
      non-tasters when comparing Weber fractions and psychophysical functions; however,
      our data suggest that clustering people without previous knowledge of their
      taster status is less accurate when using Weber fractions. Intensity ratings are
      more reliable to classify people into tasters and non-tasters. Results show that
      the staircase for threshold measurement and the gLMS methods are more reliable
      methods than Harris-Kalmus and JND for phenotyping people and can be used in
      large-scale studies in the quest to discover new genotype-phenotype associations.

PMID- 19966918
TI  - Emotional reactivity across individuals with varying trauma and substance
      dependence histories.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Research has reported a high rate of substance dependence in
      traumatized individuals who do not develop PTSD (TWP). While past studies have
      failed to consistently demonstrate that TWP individuals experience PTSD symptoms,
      findings have indicated that TWP and a history of substance dependence aside from
      nicotine dependence (SDH) are linked to affect disruption. AIMS: The present
      study explored positive and negative affective mechanisms across four groups with
      varying SDH and TWP including TWP + SDH, TWP only, SDH only, or no history.
      Researchers hypothesized that adults (n = 78) would be more emotionally reactive
      to an experimentally-induced negative mood compared to a neutral mood induction
      as the presence of co-existing TWP and SDH increased. METHOD: After a brief
      telephone screening, eligible participants completed baseline self-report
      questionnaires and experimentally-manipulated negative and neutral mood
      inductions. RESULTS: Most notably, results showed a significant TWP x SDH x Mood
      induction interaction (F (1, 63) = 4.154; Mse = 51.999; p = .046) for positive
      affect responses. Simple effects indicated that all participants except TWP + SDH
      individuals experienced a significant decrease in positive affect during the
      negative compared to the neutral mood condition. CONCLUSION: Findings may
      identify a protective mechanism for relapse among individuals with a history of
      both TWP and SDH.

PMID- 19966919
TI  - Therapeutic potential of RNA interference in pain medicine.
AB  - In recent years RNA interference (RNAi) has rapidly become the most widely used
      tool for gene knockdown due to its high specificity and potency. RNAi is an
      evolutionarily conserved mechanism for silencing gene expression by targeted
      degradation of mRNA. In the past decade, hundreds of molecular targets have been
      identified for their roles in pain modulation. But most molecular targets are not
      readily druggable with small molecules. RNAi represents a therapeutic approach
      applicable to these non-druggable targets. There is a rapid increase in the
      number of studies that use small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to validate new
      targets for pain regulation. In this review, we will discuss these pain-related
      RNAi studies (Table 1). We will also compare the advantages and disadvantages of
      RNAi with antisense knockdown (Table 2), because antisense oligodeoxynucleotides
      have been extensively used for target validation in pain research. Although in
      vivo delivery of siRNA remains to be a challenge, RNAi has a great potential to
      become a major therapeutic tool for pain management.

PMID- 19966920
TI  - Temporal Dynamics Linking Aspects of Parent Monitoring with Early Adolescent
      Antisocial Behavior.
AB  - This longitudinal study examined the covariation between parents' use of control
      and solicitation, youth willingness to self-disclose to parents, and youth
      antisocial behavior from ages 13 to 14. Structural equation analyses were
      conducted on a combined sample of Italian (N = 152) and French Canadian (N = 151)
      adolescents. Analyses tested for longitudinal cross-lagged effects while
      controlling for stability and all concurrent associations. Although bivariate
      correlations showed consistent associations among these constructs, both
      concurrently and over one year, SEM results revealed virtually no cross-lagged
      effects, after controlling for concurrent associations and stability. These
      findings suggest that the actual causal effects of parenting and youth behavior
      may best be conceptualized as occurring in the moment, rather than over extended
      periods of time. Results also showed that parental control and solicitation
      demonstrated very different associations with youth antisocial behavior, and
      should therefore be considered separately for research and prevention.

PMID- 19966921
TI  - Design and Synthesis of Imidazopyrimidine Derivatives as Potent iNOS Dimerization
      Inhibitors.
AB  - A series of imidazopyrimidine derivatives with the general formula I was
      synthesized and identified as potent inhibitors of iNOS dimer formation, a
      prerequisite for proper functioning of the enzyme. Stille and Negishi coupling
      reactions were used as key steps to form the carbon-carbon bond connecting the
      imidazopyrimidine core to the central cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl and phenyl ring
      templates.

PMID- 19966922
TI  - Ca-125: a useful marker to distinguish pulmonary tuberculosis from other
      pulmonary infections.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Ca-125 is secreted by different celomic epitheliums. Serum levels
      may be increased in malignant diseases, like ovarian cancer but also in other
      medical conditions, such as pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS:
      From Jan-04 to Dec-06 a retrospective study analyzing Ca-125 levels in serum
      samples from patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary TB, was performed. These
      results were compared with those samples obtained from patients with non-TB
      pulmonary infections. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients were included in the study,
      thirty-five with pulmonary TB and 54 with other respiratory infections. In
      patients with TB, the mean Ca-125 value was 104.9 IU/ml (SD: +/- 136.1). In the
      control group, mean value was 27.1 IU/ml (SD: +/-19.7). The optimal cut-off for
      pulmonary tuberculosis was 32.5 IU/ml (sensitivity: 68.6%, specificity: 77.8%).
      Pulmonary TB was the only factor associated with a Ca-125 level >32.5. In 10
      patients with TB, Ca-125 levels were available >/= 2 months after starting TB
      therapy and a decrease during treatment was shown. CONCLUSIONS: Ca-125 values
      increase in patients with pulmonary TB and decline to normal values during
      treatment. Determination of Ca 125 may be usedin patients with a negative sputum
      AFB stain.

PMID- 19966923
TI  - Using information technology to improve health quality and safety in community
      health centers.
AB  - PROBLEM: Community health centers (CHCs) face a unique set of challenges and can
      learn much from each other as they prepare for the adoption of health information
      technology (HIT). PURPOSE: This paper presents a research agenda aimed at
      providing information CHCs will need to successfully implement HIT. KEY POINTS:
      Community health centers must be able to evaluate whether an investment in HIT is
      the best way to achieve improvements in health outcomes for their communities
      given the limited resources and high demands they face. Community health centers
      need better information to guide them in selecting and implementing information
      technology that will result in improved health quality and safety. Guidance in
      optimal use of the system, particularly in the effective use of data made
      available through electronic health records, is needed to realize health care
      goals. Community health centers need to be active participants in HIT
      developments in their communities to ensure that their patients benefit from
      technological advancements that improve health care.

PMID- 19966924
TI  - Words, feelings, and bilingualism: Cross-linguistic differences in emotionality
      of autobiographical memories.
AB  - Cross-linguistic differences in emotionality of autobiographical memories were
      examined by eliciting memories of immigration from bilingual speakers. Forty
      seven Russian-English bilinguals were asked to recount their immigration
      experiences in either Russian or English. Bilinguals used more emotion words when
      describing their immigration experiences in the second language (English) than in
      the first language (Russian). Bilinguals' immigration narratives contained more
      negative emotion words than positive emotion words. In addition, language
      preference (but not language proficiency) influenced results, with emotional
      expression amplified when speaking in the preferred language. These findings
      carry implications for organization of the bilingual lexicon and the special
      status of emotion words within it. We suggest that bilinguals' expression of
      emotion may vary across languages and that the linguistic and affective systems
      are interconnected in the bilingual cognitive architecture.

PMID- 19966926
TI  - Ambient Intelligence and Wearable Computing: Sensors on the Body, in the Home,
      and Beyond.
AB  - Ambient intelligence has a history of focusing on technologies that are
      integrated into a person's environment. However, ambient intelligence can be
      found on a person's body as well. In this thematic issue we examine the role of
      wearable computing in the field of ambient intelligence. In this article we
      provide an overview of the field of wearable computing and discuss its
      relationship to the fields of smart environments and ambient intelligence. In
      addition, we introduce the papers presented in the thematic issue highlighting a
      number of research projects which are defining the state of the art in wearable
      computing and ambient intelligence.

PMID- 19966925
TI  - An essential role of ubiquitination in Cbl-mediated negative regulation of the
      Src-family kinase Fyn.
AB  - The Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases function as negative regulators of activated
      receptor tyrosine kinases by facilitating their ubiquitination and subsequent
      lysosomal targeting. Here, we have investigated the role of Cbl ubiquitin ligase
      activity in the negative regulation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, the Src
      family kinase Fyn. Using primary embryonic fibroblasts from Cbl(+/+) and Cbl(-/-)
      mice, we demonstrate that endogenous Cbl mediates the ubiquitination of Fyn and
      dictates the rate of Fyn turnover. By analyzing CHO-TS20 cells with a temperature
      sensitive ubiquitin activating enzyme, we demonstrate that intact cellular
      ubiquitin machinery is required for Cbl-induced degradation of Fyn. Analyses of
      Cbl mutants, with mutations in or near the RING finger domain, in 293T cells
      revealed that the ubiquitin ligase activity of Cbl is essential for Cbl-induced
      degradation of Fyn by the proteasome pathway. Finally, use of a SRE-luciferase
      reporter demonstrated that Cbl-dependent negative regulation of Fyn function
      requires the region of Cbl that mediates the ubiquitin ligase activity. Given the
      conservation of structure between various Src-family kinases and the ability of
      Cbl to interact with multiple members of this family, Cbl-dependent
      ubiquitination could serve a general role to negatively regulate activated Src
      family kinases.

PMID- 19966927
TI  - Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Disrupts CCL20-Mediated Antimicrobial Activity in
      Respiratory Epithelial Cells.
AB  - Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is known to increase infection rates, but the
      mechanisms are not well understood. These studies tested the hypothesis that CS
      exposure would impair antimicrobial activity of apical conditioned media from
      human airway (BEAS-2B) cultures by reducing induction and release of the
      antimicrobial peptide CCL20. BEAS-2B cultures were exposed to CS extract and
      assayed for temporal and physical characteristics of release as well as for
      antimicrobial activity. E. coli were exposed to Beas-2B-conditioned media (BCM)
      and subsequent bacterial colonies were enumerated. In time course studies TLR
      agonist-induced CCL20 transcription and release were rapid, of short duration and
      release was consistently targeted to the apical/luminal compartment. Cells
      treated with CS extract had diminished release of CCL20 under both constitutive
      and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist stimulating conditions. Exposure of the
      cells to CS significantly reduced the antimicrobial activity in BCM and
      neutralizing antibodies to CCL20 brought antibacterial activity back to baseline
      levels demonstrating that antimicrobial activity in this culture system was
      primarily attributable to CCL20. These studies add to the understanding of CCL20
      as a mucosal antimicrobial and improve insight into a likely mechanism linking
      infection to CS exposure.

PMID- 19966928
TI  - Early Detection of Cancer: Immunoassays for Plasma Tumor Markers.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Plasma tumor biomarkers are widely used clinically for monitoring
      response to therapy and detecting cancer recurrence. However, only a limited
      number of them have been effectively used for the early detection of cancer.
      OBJECTIVE: To review plasma tumor markers used clinically for the early detection
      of cancer and to provide expert opinion about future directions. METHODS:
      Literature review, as well as our expert opinion, of plasma tumor markers that
      have been widely accepted for the early detection of cancer. RESULTS: In the
      United States, only prostate specific antigen (PSA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125),
      and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) have been clinically used for the early detection of
      prostate, ovarian, and liver cancers, respectively. Both analytical and clinical
      issues related to the use of these three markers were discussed. CONCLUSION: Few
      plasma tumor markers have been used effectively for the early detection of
      cancer, mainly due to their limited sensitivity and/or specificity. Multiple
      approaches have been developed to improve the clinical performance of tumor
      markers for the early detection of cancer. Metrological traceability and antibody
      specificity are important issues to ensure comparability of immunoassays for the
      measurement of plasma tumor markers.

PMID- 19966929
TI  - The Role of Trust in Low-Income Mothers' Intimate Unions*
AB  - Recent scholarship concerning low rates of marriage among low-income mothers
      emphasizes generalized gender distrust as a major impediment in forming
      sustainable intimate unions. Guided by symbolic interaction theory and
      longitudinal ethnographic data on 256 low-income mothers from the Three-City
      Study, we argue that generalized gender distrust may not be as influential in
      shaping mothers' unions as some researchers suggest. Grounded theory analysis
      revealed that 96% of the mothers voiced a general distrust of men, yet that
      distrust did not deter them from involvement in intimate unions. Rather, the
      pivotal ways mothers enacted trust in their partners were demonstrated by 4
      emergent forms of interpersonal trust that we labeled as suspended,
      compartmentalized, misplaced, and integrated. Implications for future research
      are discussed.

PMID- 19966930
TI  - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms in Huntington's Disease: A Case Report.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Few cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms preceding
      the clinical onset of Huntington Disease (HD) or during later stages of the
      disease have been reported in the literature, but the nature of this association
      and its neurobiological mechanisms have not been well-investigated. OBJECTIVES:
      To review the scientific literature regarding OCD symptoms in patients with HD
      and describe a case study from our clinic. METHODS: Extensive literature searches
      were performed to identify reports of patients with concurrent HD and OCD
      symptoms. RESULTS: Recent studies and the current case report suggest that OCD
      symptoms may predate or coincide with motor, affective or behavioral symptoms in
      patients with HD. The development of OCD and HD symptoms may involve structural
      and functional changes affecting the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex,
      ventromedial caudate nucleus, and pallidal sites. CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with
      HD develop symptoms associated with OCD. Progressive and differential
      neuropathological changes in the ventromedial caudate nucleus and related neural
      circuits may underlie this association. No specific treatment strategy has been
      developed to treat these patients; however some medications attenuate associated
      symptoms. Further testing is needed to determine the neurobiological mechanisms
      of these disorders.

PMID- 19966932
TI  - The launch of the american journal of translational research.

PMID- 19966934
TI  - Heterotransplant mouse model cohorts of human malignancies: A novel platform for
      Systematic Preclinical Efficacy Evaluation of Drugs (SPEED).
AB  - Advances in molecular biology demonstrate that cancer is heterogeneous disease
      necessitating a personalized management approach. This is introducing a paradigm
      shift in clinical trial designs where molecular characterization of cancers is
      assuming importance equal to (or even more than) the traditional histologic
      diagnosis as the eligibility criterion for randomized clinical trials of new
      therapies. Recommendations have been made to gather the molecular information
      from clinical phase II trials distinguishing responding from non responding
      tumors for subsequent planning of large scale phase III trials. However by the
      time we reach phase II level, more than a billion dollars apart from years of
      research have been invested. It would be therefore prudent to conceptualize
      laboratory based platforms to obtain the proof of concept as early as possible,
      even before embarking upon the pivotal clinical trials. In this regard, we hereby
      propose and detail a novel preclinical platform incorporating the existing mouse
      models to address the issue of tumor heterogeneity in a systematic manner through
      creation of a setting similar to phase II trials in human patients. By providing
      critical information about a drug's efficacy and the molecular determinants of
      response early on, this platform would potentially provide a solid foundation to
      build avant-garde clinical trials integrating recent advances in molecular
      medicine.

PMID- 19966931
TI  - Modulation of dendritic spine development and plasticity by BDNF and vesicular
      trafficking: fundamental roles in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with
      mental retardation and autism.
AB  - The process of axonal and dendritic development establishes the synaptic
      circuitry of the central nervous system (CNS) and is the result of interactions
      between intrinsic molecular factors and the external environment. One growth
      factor that has a compelling function in neuronal development is the neurotrophin
      brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF participates in axonal and
      dendritic differentiation during embryonic stages of neuronal development, as
      well as in the formation and maturation of dendritic spines during postnatal
      development. Recent studies have also implicated vesicular trafficking of BDNF
      via secretory vesicles, and both secretory and endosomal trafficking of vesicles
      containing synaptic proteins, such as neurotransmitter and neurotrophin
      receptors, in the regulation of axonal and dendritic differentiation, and in
      dendritic spine morphogenesis. Several genes that are either mutated or
      deregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with mental retardation
      have now been identified, and several mouse models of these disorders have been
      generated and characterized. Interestingly, abnormalities in dendritic and
      synaptic structure are consistently observed in human neurodevelopmental
      disorders associated with mental retardation, and in mouse models of these
      disorders as well. Abnormalities in dendritic and synaptic differentiation are
      thought to underlie altered synaptic function and network connectivity, thus
      contributing to the clinical outcome. Here, we review the roles of BDNF and
      vesicular trafficking in axonal and dendritic differentiation in the context of
      dendritic and axonal morphological impairments commonly observed in
      neurodevelopmental disorders associated with mental retardation.

PMID- 19966935
TI  - Molecular pathogenesis of progression and recurrence in breast phyllodes tumors.
AB  - Breast phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms that need to be
      distinguished from the common morphologically similar fibroadenomas, because
      phyllodes tumors can recur and progress to malignancy. Their potentially
      recurring and metastasizing behavior is attributed to their stromal
      characteristics, for which categorization between benign, borderline and
      malignant tumors have not been universally established. Previous clonality
      studies revealing monoclonal stromal cells versus a polyclonal epithelial
      component theorized that phyllodes tumors are mainly stromal neoplasms, possibly
      arising from fibroadenomas. More recent chromosomal imbalances in both epithelium
      and stroma have challenged this theory to favor neoplasia of both epithelium and
      stroma, with initial interdependence between the two components. Inverse
      correlations between epithelial and stromal overexpression for various biological
      markers like estrogen receptor, p53, c-kit, Ki-67, endothelin-1, epidermal growth
      factor receptor, heparan sulfate, in addition to findings of epithelial Wnt
      signalling with stromal insulin growth factors and beta-catenin expression,
      suggest an initial epithelial-stromal interdependence at the benign phase. Upon
      progression to malignancy, the stroma is hypothesized to assume an autonomous
      growth overriding any epithelial influence. Frequent genetic alterations are
      chromosomal gains of 1q and losses at chromosome 13. Acquisition of new genetic
      imbalances within the tumor consistent with intratumoral heterogeneity, and
      subclones within histologically benign phyllodes tumors that recur or metastasize
      are the current theories explaining these tumors' unpredictable clinical
      behavior.

PMID- 19966933
TI  - Overcoming cancer therapy resistance by targeting inhibitors of apoptosis
      proteins and nuclear factor-kappa B.
AB  - Chemo- or radioresistance markedly impairs the efficacy of cancer therapy and
      involves anti-apoptotic signal transduction pathways that prevent cell death. In
      resistant cancer cells, both inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and nuclear
      factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) play a pivotal role in preventing apoptosis triggered
      by a variety of stresses, facilitating them as potential targets in cancer
      treatment. Furthermore, mounting evidences have established the crosstalks
      between IAPs (eg. XIAP, cIAP-1, cIAP-2) and proteins involved in NF-kappaB
      signaling (eg. TRAF2, RIP1, TAB1). Second mitochondria-derived activator of
      caspases (Smac) is a mitochondrial protein that released into cytoplasm upon
      apoptotic stimuli. As Smac functions as an endogenous IAP inhibitor, small
      molecule Smac-mimetics are believed to neutralize IAPs function that results in
      liberating caspase activity and promoting apoptosis. Moreover, recent studies
      show that Smac-mimetics may kill cancer cells in a different manner, which
      involves inducing ubiquitination of cIAPs, regulating NF-kappaB signaling and
      facilitating TNFalpha-triggered, caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in a certain cancer
      cell types. In other cancer cells that are resistant to TNFalpha or
      chemo/radiotherapy, Smac-mimetic IAP-inhibitors can enhance ionizing radiation or
      tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced
      apoptosis, indicating the potential role of Smac-mimetics in overcoming acquired
      therapy-resistance. Such findings provide important impetus for utilizing IAP
      inhibitors as novel adjuvant therapy for the TNFalpha-resistant, NF-kappaB
      constitutively active cancers that account for the majority of patients who are
      refractory to current therapeutic approaches.

PMID- 19966936
TI  - Developing a multidisciplinary prospective melanoma biospecimen repository to
      advance translational research.
AB  - Several challenges face the development and operation of a biospecimen bank
      linked to clinical information, a critical component of any effective
      translational research program. Melanoma adds particular complexity and
      difficulty to such an endeavor considering the unique characteristics of this
      malignancy. We describe here a review of biospecimen bank and our experience in
      establishing a multi-disciplinary, prospective, integrated clinicopathological
      biospecimen database in melanoma. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative
      Group (IMCG), a prospective clinicopathological and biospecimen database, was
      established at the New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center. With
      patients' informed consent, biospecimens from within and outside NYU,
      clinicopathological data, and follow-up information are collected using developed
      protocols. Information pertaining to biospecimens is recorded in 35 fields, and
      clinicopathological information is recorded in 371 fields within 5 modules in a
      virtual network system. Investigators conducting research utilizing the IMCG
      biospecimen resource are blind to clinicopathological information, and molecular
      data generated using biospecimens are linked independently with
      clinicopathological data by biostatistics investigators. This translational
      research enterprise acts as a valuable resource to efficiently translate
      laboratory discoveries to the clinic.

PMID- 19966938
TI  - Microarray gene expression profiling using core biopsies of renal neoplasia.
AB  - We investigate the feasibility of using microarray gene expression profiling
      technology to analyze core biopsies of renal tumors for classification of tumor
      histology. Core biopsies were obtained ex-vivo from 7 renal tumors-comprised of
      four histological subtypes-following radical nephrectomy using 18-gauge biopsy
      needles. RNA was isolated from these samples and, in the case of biopsy samples,
      amplified by in vitro transcription. Microarray analysis was then used to
      quantify the mRNA expression patterns in these samples relative to non-diseased
      renal tissue mRNA. Genes with significant variation across all non-biopsy tumor
      samples were identified, and the relationship between tumor and biopsy samples in
      terms of expression levels of these genes was then quantified in terms of
      Euclidean distance, and visualized by complete linkage clustering. Final
      pathologic assessment of kidney tumors demonstrated clear cell renal cell
      carcinoma (4), oncocytoma (1), angiomyolipoma (1) and adrenalcortical carcinoma
      (1). Five of the seven biopsy samples were most similar in terms of gene
      expression to the resected tumors from which they were derived in terms of
      Euclidean distance. All seven biopsies were assigned to the correct histological
      class by hierarchical clustering. We demonstrate the feasibility of gene
      expression profiling of core biopsies of renal tumors to classify tumor
      histology.

PMID- 19966937
TI  - Molecular epidemiology of genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer: focus on
      single nucleotide polymorphisms in gastric carcinogenesis.
AB  - Gastric cancer is a disease of gene-environment interactions, as suggested by the
      varying geographic patterns of its incidence. Even in areas with high rates of
      Helicobacter pylori infection, only a small proportion of infected individuals
      develop gastric cancer. Genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer can be
      investigated by common genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms
      (SNPs), in various genes that regulate multiple biological pathways. The
      susceptibility to gastric carcinogenesis has a substantial influence on the
      population attributable risk by modulating the effects of environmental risk
      factors. Despite recent progress in the field of the molecular epidemiology of
      cancer, a re-evaluation of gastric cancer susceptibility and potentially
      functional SNPs in candidate genes is necessary, given the inconsistency of
      previous reported studies. This review focuses on genetic variants that
      contribute to the etiology of gastric cancer, particularly those SNPs involved in
      inflammatory response, metabolism of chemical carcinogens, DNA repair, and tumor
      suppression. In the future, well-designed large multicenter population-based
      studies will be needed to validate current findings and provide the rationale for
      identifying at-risk subpopulations for primary prevention of gastric cancer.

PMID- 19966939
TI  - Increased expression of histone deacetylaces (HDACs) and inhibition of prostate
      cancer growth and invasion by HDAC inhibitor SAHA.
AB  - Histone deacetetylases (HDACs) are a group of corepressors of transcriptional
      activators and their levels of expression are potentially dysregulated in
      prostate cancer. Certain inhibitors of histone deacetylases show anti-tumor
      activity in prostate cancer cell lines. Here, we systemically studied the
      expression of HDACs in human prostate cancer and the suppression of prostate
      cancer growth and invasion by HDAC inhibitor SAHA. HDAC1-5 showed increased
      expression using a combination of DNA microarray, in-situ hybridization, and
      immunohistochemistry in benign and malignant human prostate tissue as well as RT
      PCR and Western blot analysis on various PCa cell lines. Importantly, HDAC
      inhibitor SAHA suppressed, in particular, prostate cancer cell growth and
      invasion determined using cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion assays. The
      findings of this study show that the expression of HDACs and their associated
      corepressors are increased in prostate cancer in humans and HDAC inhibitor SAHA
      could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in prostate cancer in addition to
      anti-androgens.

PMID- 19966940
TI  - Green Tea-EGCG reduces GFAP associated neuronal loss in HIV-1 Tat transgenic
      mice.
AB  - In the current era of antiretroviral treatment, the prevalence of HIV-associated
      dementia is on the rise. Many past works have associated inflammation and
      neuronal loss with cognitive deficits inherent to the syndrome. Importantly, HIV
      1 induced astrogliosis has been shown to play a central role in this process.
      Here we examined the effect of green tea derived (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
      (EGCG) food supplementation for its ability to modulate GFAP expression and
      neuronal loss in an HIV-1 Tat transgenic mouse model whose expression was
      controlled by a brain specific doxycycline promoter. By immunohistochemistry we
      found that EGCG (300mg/kg/day) dramatically reduced astrogliosis as demonstrated
      by GFAP expression. This was accompanied by a mild reduction in activated
      microglia by Iba-1 staining and significant reduction in neuronal loss through
      apoptosis as demonstrated by MAP2 staining and Western blot analysis
      respectively. Future studies will be required to determine intracellular
      mechanism involved in EGCG mediated downregulation of GFAP and associated
      astrocytosis and neuronal loss.

PMID- 19966941
TI  - Silibinin suppresses CD44 expression in prostate cancer cells.
AB  - Prostate cancer (PCa), like most human cancers, features dysregulated CD44
      expression. Expression of CD44 standard (CD44s), present in benign epithelium, is
      lost in PCa while pro-invasive splice variant isoform CD44v7-10 is overexpressed.
      The role of CD44 in silibinin's anti-growth effects was uncertain. To assess
      silibinin's effects on CD44 promoter activity, PC-3M PCa cells were transfected
      with luciferase-CD44 promoter construct 24 h prior to 25-200 muM silibinin
      treatment for 48 h. Also, cells' expression of CD44 RNA (by qRT-PCR) and protein
      (Western blot analysis) was studied. Silibinin was further tested preoperatively
      on a pilot cohort of 6 men with PCa compared with 7 matched placebo-treated men,
      with immunostaining for CD44v7-10 in their prostates. In PC-3M cells, silibinin
      dose-dependently inhibited CD44 promoter activity up to 87%, caused a 90%
      inhibition of total CD44 and 70% decrease in CD44v7-10 RNA, and at the protein
      level, decreased total CD44 at 100-200 muM dose and decreased CD44v7-10 after 3
      days. Silibinin decreased adhesion to hyaluronan and fibronectin. Silibinin at
      100-200 muM inhibited Egr-1, a regulator of CD44 promoter activity. Men treated
      with silibinin did not differ in tissue CD44v7-10 expression. In conclusion, CD44
      inhibition is one mechanism by which silibinin reduces PCa tumorigenicity.

PMID- 19966942
TI  - FGI-104: a broad-spectrum small molecule inhibitor of viral infection.
AB  - The treatment of viral diseases remains an intractable problem facing the medical
      community. Conventional antivirals focus upon selective targeting of virus
      encoded targets. However, the plasticity of viral nucleic acid mutation, coupled
      with the large number of progeny that can emerge from a single infected cells,
      often conspire to render conventional antivirals ineffective as resistant
      variants emerge. Compounding this, new viral pathogens are increasingly
      recognized and it is highly improbable that conventional approaches could address
      emerging pathogens in a timely manner. Our laboratories have adopted an
      orthogonal approach to combat viral disease: Target the host to deny the pathogen
      the ability to cause disease. The advantages of this novel approach are many
      fold, including the potential to identify host pathways that are applicable to a
      broad-spectrum of pathogens. The acquisition of drug resistance might also be
      minimized since selective pressure is not directly placed upon the viral
      pathogen. Herein, we utilized this strategy of host-oriented therapeutics to
      screen small molecules for their abilities to block infection by multiple,
      unrelated virus types and identified FGI-104. FGI-104 demonstrates broad-spectrum
      inhibition of multiple blood-borne pathogens (HCV, HBV, HIV) as well as emerging
      biothreats (Ebola, VEE, Cowpox, PRRSV infection). We also demonstrate that FGI
      104 displays an ability to prevent lethality from Ebola in vivo. Altogether,
      these findings reinforce the concept of host-oriented therapeutics and present a
      much-needed opportunity to identify antiviral drugs that are broad-spectrum and
      durable in their application.

PMID- 19966943
TI  - SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER IN YOUTH: PHENOMENOLOGY, ASSESSMENT, AND TREATMENT.
AB  - Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the most commonly diagnosed and impairing
      childhood anxiety disorder, accounting for approximately 50% of the referrals for
      mental health treatment of anxiety disorders. While considered a normative
      phenomenon in early childhood, SAD has the potential to negatively impact a
      child's social and emotional functioning when it leads to avoidance of certain
      places, activities and experiences that are necessary for healthy development.
      Amongst those with severe symptoms, SAD may result in school refusal and a
      disruption in educational attainment. This paper provides a comprehensive review
      of the current literature on SAD etiology, assessment strategies, and empirically
      supported treatment approaches. New and innovative approaches to the treatment of
      SAD that also employ empirically supported techniques are highlighted. In
      addition, future directions and challenges in the assessment and treatment of SAD
      are addressed.

PMID- 19966944
TI  - Social Problem Solving and Health.

PMID- 19966945
TI  - Yield improvement for lost mould rapid infiltration forming process by a
      multistage fractional factorial split plot design.
AB  - Statistical design of experiments is widely used among scientists and engineers
      to understand influential factors in a laboratory or manufacturing process. One
      of the underlying principles of using the statistical design of experiments
      method is randomisation, each run of experimental settings will be determined
      completely unsystematically. In practice, especially in a complicated process
      that consists of multiple stages, randomisation may pose too high a burden on
      time and cost.In this study, the multistage fraction factorial split plot design
      is proposed for green yield improvement in a lost mould rapid infiltration
      process that has been developed to fabricate zirconia ceramic parts. This design
      allows a relaxation of the randomisation principle so that certain experimental
      runs can be carried out in convenient groups. The results indicate that the type
      of immersion chemical and mould coating play a role in improving process yield.
      Additionally, the results suggest that a mould infiltration machine should be
      used to improve the reproducibility of the process.

PMID- 19966946
TI  - Social and Environmental Risk Factors for Hypertension in African Americans.
AB  - This study tests the hypothesis that disparities of hypertension risk in African
      Americans is related to lead exposure, perceptions of racism, and stress, among
      urban (Roxbury, MA) and rural (Gadsden, FL) communities. Analysis of preliminary
      data from Phase I reveal 60% in Gadsden and 39% in Roxbury respondents self
      reported having hypertension. In Gadsden 80% people did not know if their
      residence contained lead paint, compared to 45% in Roxbury. In Gadsden County,
      58% of respondents reported experiencing racial discrimination in different
      settings compared with 72% in Roxbury. In regression analyses high cholesterol
      emerged as a significant predictors of hypertension in Gadsden County (OR=8.29,
      CI=1.4-49.3), whereas monthly household income (OR=0.15, CI=0.04-0.7) and
      diabetes (OR=6.06, CI=1.4-26.17) were significant predictors of hypertension in
      Roxbury after adjusting for other covariates. These preliminary findings set the
      stage for initiating Phase II (Phase I continues recruitment), that entail
      biological marker measurements to rigorously test main hypothesis.

PMID- 19966947
TI  - Relationships among Women's Use of Aggression, Their Victimization, and Substance
      Use Problems: A Test of the Moderating Effects of Race/Ethnicity.
AB  - This study examined whether relationships among women's aggression, their
      victimization, and substance use problems were moderated by race/ethnicity. Four
      hundred and twelve community women (150 African Americans, 150 Latinas, and 112
      Whites) who recently were aggressive against a male partner completed a 2-hour
      computer-assisted interview. ANOVA and path analysis revealed that (a) for all
      women, victimization and aggression were strongly related; (b) race/ethnicity
      moderated the relationships between victimization and alcohol and drug use
      problems; and (c) no groups evidenced a relationship between alcohol or drug use
      problems and aggression. Findings suggest that it is essential to develop
      culturally relevant, gender-specific interventions to reduce both women's
      aggression and victimization, as well as related negative behaviors such as
      alcohol and drug use.

PMID- 19966948
TI  - Three-dimensional surface imaging system for assessing human obesity.
AB  - The increasing prevalence of obesity suggests a need to develop a convenient,
      reliable, and economical tool for assessment of this condition. Three-dimensional
      (3-D) body surface imaging has emerged as an exciting technology for the
      estimation of body composition. We present a new 3-D body imaging system, which
      is designed for enhanced portability, affordability, and functionality. In this
      system, stereo vision technology is used to satisfy the requirement for a simple
      hardware setup and fast image acquisition. The portability of the system is
      created via a two-stand configuration, and the accuracy of body volume
      measurements is improved by customizing stereo matching and surface
      reconstruction algorithms that target specific problems in 3-D body imaging. Body
      measurement functions dedicated to body composition assessment also are
      developed. The overall performance of the system is evaluated in human subjects
      by comparison to other conventional anthropometric methods, as well as air
      displacement plethysmography, for body fat assessment.

PMID- 19966949
TI  - Multiple Micronutrient Supplements will not Reduce Incidence of Low Birthweight.

PMID- 19966950
TI  - Can we transplant conceptual frameworks of healthcare quality evaluation from
      developed countries into developing countries?

PMID- 19966951
TI  - Physical hazards in employment and pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 19966952
TI  - Malaria in assam: a challenge.
AB  - RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the trend of malaria and proportion of Plasmodium
      falciparum infections amongst troops of the Army units deployed in Assam over the
      last 5 years? STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross -sectional descriptive study.
      SETTING: Army units deployed in the state of Assam over the last 5 years.
      PARTICIPANTS: Population of army units deployed in the state of Assam over the
      last 5 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Percentage, Chi square. RESULTS: Malaria
      contributed to 3.60% to 7% of all hospital admissions over the period of 5 years.
      The overall malaria incidence showed a significantly increasing trend during the
      study period. (Chi square for linear trend = 5.19; P = 0.023). Out of these, P
      falciparum contributed 86% to 98%. The proportion of P falciparum infections
      showed a significantly increasing trend from 2005 to 2006. (Yate's corrected Chi
      square = 7.123; P = 0.008).

PMID- 19966953
TI  - Outbreak of gastroenteritis in tibetan transit school, dharamshala, himachal
      pradesh, India, 2006.
AB  - BACKGROUND: On 28(th) June, 2006, 55 cases of the gastroenteritis were reported
      among the hostellers of the Tibetan Transit School, Dharamshala. We investigated
      the outbreak to identify the source, propose control and preventive measures.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: We defined a case of the gastroenteritis as the occurrence
      of more than three smelly loose motions between 28(th) June to 2(nd) July, 2006
      among some sections of the resident hostellers. We determined age and sex
      specific attack rate. We hypothesized it as a food borne beef meat outbreak. We
      conducted the case control study and collected the information about the food
      items consumed inside and outside the hostel at dinner using the standardized
      questionnaire. We calculated floor wise incidences of four hostels, odds ratios
      and attributable fractions. We interviewed food handlers. We lifted the seven
      rectal stool, four water and three samples from floor, kitchen and meat chopper
      room for culture and sensitivity. RESULTS: 116 cases patients of 802 hostellers
      met the case definition. The maximum attack rate (16%) was in the youngest group
      (15-20yrs) and nil in staff and 31-40 years age group with 5 overall attack rate
      as 14%. Sex specific attack rate was more (18%) in females. The floor wise
      incidences of the case patients were the highest in 2nd and 3rd floors, occupied
      by the youngest group. The median age was 20 yrs (Range 17-40 yrs). The most
      common symptoms were watery diarrhea (71/116, 61%) and bloody diarrhea-(45/116,
      39%); abdominal pains-(87/116, 75%). Of the six food/water items examined, the
      food specific attack rate was highly statistically significant in the beef meat
      eaters (82% with PAF 71%), and Odds Ratio 19.19 (95% C.I. as 9.3-140). The food
      handlers & their cooking conditions in the kitchen were unhygienic. The food was
      not available for testing. Escherichia coli were detected in the samples from
      rectal stools, kitchen and meat chopper room. No fatality was reported.
      CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION: The beef meat purchased from outside was implicated
      for the explosive common source outbreak. The school authorities were counseled
      for hygienic food handling.

PMID- 19966954
TI  - Poor perinatal care practices in urban slums: possible role of social
      mobilization networks.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Making perinatal care accessible to women in marginalized periurban
      areas poses a public health problem. Many women do not utilize institutional care
      in spite of physical accessibility. Home-based care by traditional birth
      attendants (TBA) is hazardous. Inappropriate early neonatal feeding practices are
      common. Many barriers to perinatal care can be overcome by social mobilization
      and capacity building at the community level. OBJECTIVES: To determine the
      existing perinatal practices in an urban slum and to identify barriers to
      utilization of health services by mothers. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross
      sectional descriptive study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The high-risk periurban
      areas of Nabi Nagar, Aligarh has a population of 40,000 living in 5,480
      households. Mothers delivering babies in September 2007 were identified from
      records of social mobilization workers (Community Mobilization Coordinators or
      CMCs) already working in an NGO in the area. A total of 92 mothers were
      interviewed at home. Current perinatal practices and reasons for utilizing or not
      utilizing health services were the topics of inquiry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data
      was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 12. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that 80.4%
      of mothers had received antenatal care. However, this did not translate into safe
      delivery practices as more than 60% of the women had home deliveries conducted by
      traditional untrained or trained birth attendants. Reasons for preferring home
      deliveries were mostly tradition (41.9%) or related to economics (30.7%). A total
      of 56% of the deliveries were conducted in the squatting position and in 25% of
      the cases, the umbilical cord was cut using the edge of a broken cup. Although
      breast-feeding was universal, inappropriate early neonatal feeding practices were
      common. Prelacteal feeds were given to nearly 50% of the babies and feeding was
      delayed beyond 24 hours in 8% of the cases. Several mothers had breastfeeding
      problems. CONCLUSION: Barriers to utilization of available services leads to
      hazardous perinatal practices in urban slums.

PMID- 19966955
TI  - A Comparison of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents from Selected Schools of
      South India and UAE: A Cross-sectional Study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of adolescents of Indian origin
      living in India and the United Arab Emirates to see how variable the prevalence
      is of stunting and wasting among adolescents of the same ethnic background living
      in different socio-economic and demographic environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Schools in South India and the United Arab
      Emirates. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2459 adolescent boys and girls between the
      ages of 10 and 16 years old. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Anthropometric measurements
      from 2459 adolescents between the ages of 10-16 years old, 1200 from India and
      1259 from UAE, were collected. The subjects were divided into six age groups with
      1-year intervals. Adolescents falling below the age and gender-specific 5(th)
      percentile and 3(rd) percentile of the WHO recommended standards were defined as
      having thinness and stunting accordingly. Regardless of gender, the rate of
      stunting was higher in Indian adolescents from India (25.5-51%) when compared
      with Indian adolescents in UAE (3.1-21%). Thinness was also more in those in
      India (42-75.4%). When compared with adolescents living in the UAE (4.5-14.4%).
      The study was done in two groups having a common ethnicity but living in
      different socio-economic environments. With the results of this study, we can say
      that improved economic conditions favor better expression of genetic potential
      for physical growth.

PMID- 19966956
TI  - Spousal communication, changes in partner attitude, and contraceptive use among
      the yorubas of southwest Nigeria.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This paper highlights the relevance of spousal communication on males'
      attitude towards their partners' contraceptive use. DESIGN: This was a cross
      sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for the study were obtained from a
      survey carried out in three states, Oyo, Osun, and Ondo, mainly inhabited by the
      Yorubas. RESULTS: The results show that men have a significant role to play in
      the adoption of contraception. About 37% of the respondents reported joint
      decision making on when to have another child, 40.8% on whether to stop having
      children, and 44% on what to do to stop childbearing. Communication between a
      husband and wife on reproductive matters was also recognized as a factor that may
      influence male participation in family planning. CONCLUSION: This study has shown
      that the male partner may be highly motivated to obtain contraceptives. The
      results therefore suggest that male involvement in family planning should be
      encouraged through inter-spousal communication.

PMID- 19966957
TI  - Practical observations from an epidemiological investigation of a measles
      outbreak in a district of India.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Measles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality,
      accounting for nearly half of the morbidity associated with global vaccine
      preventable diseases. Regular outbreaks of Measles are reported in India, of
      which only a few are investigated. This study was conducted in the Shivpuri
      District of Madhya Pradesh (India) to investigate and asses various
      epidemiological factors associated with measles outbreak. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      A cross-sectional study was carried out in 30 randomly selected sub-centers in 8
      blocks of the Shivpuri District of Madhya Pradesh, covering 212 villages,
      selected by cluster sampling. The villages, which had reported measles cases,
      were extensively investigated by the field teams through extensive house-to-house
      surveys during 12-19 May 2004. RESULTS: A total of 1204 cases with 14 deaths were
      reported with an attack rate of 6.2% and a case fatality rate of 1.2%. In this
      study, 17.7% of the cases reported post-measles complications with diarrhea as
      the most common post measles complication. The routine measles vaccine and
      Vitamin A supplementation in the area was also less than 30%. CONCLUSIONS: The
      majority of the cases had occurred in the unvaccinated children and in under 5
      year old population. There are repeated outbreaks and a long delay in reporting
      of the cases. The occurrence of cases, in a reasonable proportion of the
      vaccinated population, points toward the fact that there is a possibility of a
      vaccine failure in older children. This study calls for an improved surveillance
      system, an improvement in the cold chain, and enhancements for measles
      vaccination if India is to achieve the goal of measles elimination.

PMID- 19966958
TI  - Awareness and perception regarding eye donation in students of a nursing college
      in bangalore.
AB  - CONTEXT: Corneal diseases constitute a significant cause of visual impairment and
      blindness in the developing world. The number of corneal transplants done is far
      less than the actual requirement in India. This is largely due to the inadequate
      number of corneas collected. Well-informed nursing students could be expected to
      influence eye donation rates. AIMS: To assess the awareness and perception of 188
      first- and second-year nursing students towards eye donation in Bangalore.
      SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A
      pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were
      analyzed using the Epi-Info software package, Version 6.04. RESULTS: The majority
      (96.8%) of students knew that eyes can be donated after death but only 38.2% knew
      that the ideal time of donation was within 6 hours of death. Most participants
      (85.1%) were either willing or had already donated their eyes. Nobility in the
      act of eye donation was the main motivational force for eye donation according to
      85.6% of students. Perceived reasons for not pledging eyes by the students were:
      the unacceptable idea of separating the eyes from the body (67.9%), lack of
      awareness (42.8%), objection by family members (28.5%), and unsuitability to
      donate because of health problem (10.7%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that
      nursing students were well aware of eye donations and most of them were inclined
      to sign-up for eye donation. The perceived reasons for not donating eyes need to
      be considered while creating awareness about eye donation in the community. The
      nursing students could be actively involved as volunteers in eye donation
      campaigns and they can act as counsellors for eye donors. They can also
      contribute by participating in creating awareness and motivating people to become
      eye donors.

PMID- 19966959
TI  - A comparison of sexual outcomes in primiparous women experiencing vaginal and
      caesarean births.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to evaluate and compare
      postpartum sexual functioning after vaginal and caesarean births. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in postnatal
      health care in a hospital. A total of 50 primiprous women who had given birth 6
      12 months ago and came to the hospital for postnatal care were asked to join the
      study. Forty of the women completed the entire questionnaire. Among these women,
      20 delivered spontaneously with mediolateral episiotomy and 20 had elective
      caesarean section. Sexual function was evaluated by a validated, self-created
      questionnaire. A statistical evaluation was carried out by SPSS v.11. A two-part
      self-created validated questionnaire for data collection was administered
      regarding sexual function prior to pregnancy and 6-12 months postpartum. RESULTS:
      The median time to restart intercourse in the normal vaginal delivery with
      episiotomy (NVD/epi) group was 40 days and in the caesarean section (C/S) group
      was 10 days postpartum. The most common problems in the NVD/epi group was
      decreased libido (80%), sexual dissatisfaction (65%), and vaginal looseness
      (55%). In the C/S group, the most common problems were vaginal dryness (85%),
      sexual dissatisfaction (60%), and decreased libido (35%). There were clinically
      significant differences between the two groups regarding sexual outcomes, but
      these differences were not statically significant. CONCLUSION: Postnatal sexual
      problems were very common after both NVD/epi and C/S. Because sexual problems are
      so prevalent during the postpartum period, clinicians should draw more attention
      to the women's sexual life and try to improve their quality of life after
      delivery.

PMID- 19966960
TI  - Health and social problems of the elderly: a cross-sectional study in udupi
      taluk, karnataka.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Change in socio-economic status and various health problems adversely
      affect an individual's way of life during old age. OBJECTIVES: To study the
      health and social problems of the elderly and their attitude towards life.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study carried out in the Field practice area
      of the Department of Community Medicine in South India. A total of 213 elderly
      patients (60 years old and above) who attended the outreach clinics were
      interviewed using a pre-tested schedule. Findings were described in terms of
      proportions and percentages to study the socio-economic status of the samples and
      its correlation to social problems. RESULTS: Around 73% of the patients belonged
      to the age group of 60-69 years old. Nearly half of the respondents were
      illiterate. Around 48% felt they were not happy in life. A majority of them had
      health problems such as hypertension followed by arthritis, diabetes, asthma,
      cataract, and anemia. About 68% of the patients said that the attitude of people
      towards the elderly was that of neglect. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study
      showed that there is a need for geriatric counseling centers that can take care
      of their physical and psychological needs. The stringent rules for eligibility to
      social security schemes should be made more flexible to cover a larger
      population.

PMID- 19966961
TI  - Musculoskeletal disorders: epidemiology and treatment seeking behavior of
      secondary school students in a nigerian community.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Epidemiological information paucity exists on musculoskeletal
      disorders (MSD) among secondary school students in Nigeria. We aimed to determine
      the prevalence, pattern, and treatment seeking behaviors (TSB) of MSD in
      Southwest, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study
      was conducted in four randomly selected secondary schools in Ile-Ife in 2007. All
      the students were screened for MSD using an interviewer-administered
      questionnaire and physical examination, which involved the use of a scoliometer
      and a goniometer. Affected children were recommended for follow-up treatment and
      a plain radiography taken. RESULTS: A total of 133 students had 204 MSD
      representing a 3.0% prevalence among the 4,441students screened. Eighty-one
      (60.9%) students had congenital disorders and 52 (39.1%) were acquired. The lower
      limbs (93.1%) were most commonly affected and 87 (65.4%) students presented with
      a knee deformity. Other abnormalities were limb length discrepancy 6.8%,
      scoliosis 4.4%, Pes planus 3.9%, and poliomyelitis 2.9%. A total of 100 students
      (75.2%) had no form of treatment, 18.8% receive treatment in the hospital, 3.7%
      received treatment in a traditional healing home and 2.3% received treatment in a
      church. Age, family, and school type were significant factors (P<0.05) in health
      seeking behavior. The factors affecting treatment outcome were the place of
      treatment, hospital specific treatment, and reasons for stopping treatment.
      CONCLUSION: Treatable cases constitute a large proportion of MSD among secondary
      school students, but TSB was generally poor. Parental socio-economic and health
      services factors were related to the health-seeking behavior. Strengthening of
      school health services and improved linkage with orthopedic services, community
      education on MSD, and education of all cadres of health professionals are
      recommended.

PMID- 19966962
TI  - Status of iodized salt coverage in urban slums of cuttack city, orissa.
AB  - BACKGROUND: For sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), it
      is necessary to consume adequately iodized salt on a regular basis and optimal
      iodine nutrition can be achieved through universal salt iodization. OBJECTIVE: To
      assess the extent of use of adequately iodized salt in the urban slums of
      Cuttack. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a stratified random multi-stage cluster
      sampling design, a cross-sectional study involving 336 households and 33 retail
      shops selected randomly from 11 slums of Cuttack was conducted in 2005. A
      predesigned pretested schedule was used to obtain relevant information and salt
      iodine was estimated qualitatively by using a spot testing kit and quantitatively
      using the iodometric titration method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Proportion, Chi
      square test. RESULTS: Only 60.1% of the households in urban slums of Cuttack were
      using adequately iodized salt i.e., the iodine level in the salt was >/=15 ppm.
      Iodine deficiency was significantly marked in sample salts collected from katcha
      houses as compared with salts collected from pucca houses. Households with low
      financial status were using noniodized/inadequately-iodized salt. Both
      crystalline and refined salts were sold at all retail shops. Crystalline salts
      collected from all retailers had an iodine content < 15 ppm and refined salts
      collected from one retailer had iodine content < 15 ppm. About 48.5% of salt
      samples collected from retail shops were adequately iodized. CONCLUSION: In the
      urban slums of Cuttack, retailers were selling crystalline salts, which were
      inadequately iodized- this would be a setback in the progress towards eliminating
      IDD.

PMID- 19966963
TI  - Outcome of alcohol dependence: the role of continued care.
AB  - AIMS: This study attempted to determine the effects of continued care on subjects
      with alcohol dependence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study patients were recruited
      from a slum in Bangalore. The control group comprised individuals from a lower
      socio-economic status. Both groups received identical treatment from a
      specialised de-addiction facility. The study group also received weekly continued
      care in the community, either at a clinic located within the slum or through home
      visits. Those patients without stable jobs were referred for employment. The
      control group was given routine hospital follow-up visits. Both groups were
      evaluated on the Alcohol Problem Questionnaire and quantity/frequency of drinking
      at baseline and every 3 month interval for one year after discharge. RESULTS:
      Both groups showed improvement in terms of reduction of drinking at 3 months,
      with the study group showing a 64% improvement with respect to the number of non
      drinking days and the control group showed a 50% improvement. However, at 6
      months, 9 months, and 12 months, the study group continued to maintain these
      gains while the control group showed a downward slide (differences significant at
      P< 0.05). At the end of 12 months, the study group maintained a 53% improvement
      with respect to the number of non drinking days as compared with baseline, while
      the control group had an improvement of only 28%. CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up support
      and continued care appear to significantly improve longer-term recovery in
      alcohol dependents.

PMID- 19966964
TI  - Assessment of immunization status in the slums of surat by 15 clusters multi
      indicators cluster survey technique.
AB  - RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the immunization status of children in the slums of
      Surat and what changes has it undergone in recent times? OBJECTIVE: To assess the
      immunization status of children between the ages of 12 and 23 months in the slums
      of Surat and to compare it with the MICS from previous years. STUDY DESIGN: This
      was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 15 clusters. SETTINGS:
      15 urban slums selected out of a total of 299 slums using the cluster sampling
      method. STUDY TOOL: The Multi Indicator Cluster Sampling (MICS) method was used
      for sample selection and the proforma designed by UNICEF was used as a study
      tool. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Simple proportions and a Chi-square test. RESULTS:
      Only 25% of the children between the ages of 12 and 23 months were fully
      immunized; coverage was highest for BCG (75%) and lowest for measles (29.9%). As
      far as the dropout rate is concerned, it was 60.2%, 31.9%, and 31.5% for BCG to
      measles, DPT(1) to DPT(3), and OPV(1) to OPV(3), respectively. Vitamin A was
      taken by only 28.9% of the subjects. Between the two, female children were more
      disadvantaged in terms of vaccination. When compared with the coverage of 1997
      and 1998, the current coverage is poor, more so in relation to DPT and OPV.

PMID- 19966965
TI  - Consumer Satisfaction about Hospital Services: A Study from the Outpatient
      Department of a Private Medical College Hospital at Mangalore.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Consumer satisfaction is an important parameter for assessing the
      quality of patient care services. There is a need to assess the health care
      systems regarding the consumer satisfaction as often as possible. OBJECTIVES: To
      assess the consumer satisfaction regarding the services provided in our
      outpatient department in terms of clinical care, availability of services,
      waiting time, and cost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 27-item pre-tested questionnaire
      was given to 100 patients (caretakers in pediatric patients) at the end of their
      O.P.D visit from 3 to 4 pm for 5 days from November 7, 2005 to November 11, 2005.
      The items in the questionnaire referred to particulars of the patients such as
      age, sex, occupation, department requested, lab, and medical stores. While
      analyzing, they were grouped into categories like availability, clinical care,
      waiting time, and cost. The responses were expressed in proportions. RESULTS: The
      availability of services and clinical care was found to be satisfactory. 81% of
      the respondents found the communication by the doctor good, 97% of the
      respondents were satisfied about the explanation of the disease by the doctor The
      average time required for consulting the doctor was 46.5 +/- 20.9 min. But when
      time spent in pharmacy was considered, it was not significantly satisfactory. The
      cost of investigation was significantly moderate or high in 97% of the
      respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations are required for reduction of time
      spent in the pharmacy and the cost of investigations to improve consumer
      satisfaction.

PMID- 19966966
TI  - A Study on Doctors' Perspective on PNDT Act.

PMID- 19966967
TI  - Awareness about Birth Registration in a Resettlement Colony of Delhi.

PMID- 19966968
TI  - HIV/AIDS and Forces.

PMID- 19966969
TI  - Knowledge and attitudes of medical students and interns with regard to female
      feticide.

PMID- 19966970
TI  - XDR Tuberculosis: A Looming Threat.

PMID- 19966971
TI  - More than a silent Tsunami every year.

PMID- 19966972
TI  - Antemortem diagnosis and prevention of human rabies.
AB  - Human rabies still continues to be a significant health problem in India and
      other developing countries where dogs are the major vectors of transmission.
      Rabies in humans can present in two clinical forms, i.e., furious and paralytic.
      While diagnosis of furious rabies can be made based on the typical symptoms and
      signs, paralytic rabies poses a diagnostic dilemma to the neurologists who may
      encounter these cases in their practice. Although there are certain clinical
      features that distinguish this disease from other forms of Guillain-Barre
      syndromes, confirmation of diagnosis may require laboratory assistance.
      Conventional techniques such as antigen detection, antibody assays and virus
      isolation have limited success. The recently introduced molecular techniques show
      more promise in confirming the cases of paralytic rabies. There has not been much
      success in the treatment of confirmed rabies cases and recovery from rabies is
      extremely rare. Therefore, preventive measures of this dreaded disease after an
      exposure become extremely important. The present article reviews the current
      status of human rabies with regard to antemortem diagnosis, disease management
      and post-exposure prophylaxis.

PMID- 19966973
TI  - The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer's disease: An overview.
AB  - This paper discusses the effects of curcumin on patients with Alzheimer's disease
      (AD). Curcumin (Turmeric), an ancient Indian herb used in curry powder, has been
      extensively studied in modern medicine and Indian systems of medicine for the
      treatment of various medical conditions, including cystic fibrosis, haemorrhoids,
      gastric ulcer, colon cancer, breast cancer, atherosclerosis, liver diseases and
      arthritis. It has been used in various types of treatments for dementia and
      traumatic brain injury. Curcumin also has a potential role in the prevention and
      treatment of AD. Curcumin as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipophilic
      action improves the cognitive functions in patients with AD. A growing body of
      evidence indicates that oxidative stress, free radicals, beta amyloid, cerebral
      deregulation caused by bio-metal toxicity and abnormal inflammatory reactions
      contribute to the key event in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Due to various
      effects of curcumin, such as decreased Beta-amyloid plaques, delayed degradation
      of neurons, metal-chelation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and decreased
      microglia formation, the overall memory in patients with AD has improved. This
      paper reviews the various mechanisms of actions of curcumin in AD and pathology.

PMID- 19966974
TI  - Muscle channelopathies and electrophysiological approach.
AB  - Myotonic syndromes and periodic paralyses are rare disorders of skeletal muscle
      characterized mainly by muscle stiffness or episodic attacks of weakness.
      Familial forms are caused by mutation in genes coding for skeletal muscle voltage
      ionic channels. Familial periodic paralysis and nondystrophic myotonias are
      disorders of skeletal muscle excitability caused by mutations in genes coding for
      voltage-gated ion channels. These diseases are characterized by episodic failure
      of motor activity due to muscle weakness (paralysis) or stiffness (myotonia).
      Clinical studies have identified two forms of periodic paralyses: hypokalemic
      periodic paralysis (hypoKPP) and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperKPP),
      based on changes in serum potassium levels during the attacks, and three distinct
      forms of myotonias: paramyotonia congenita (PC), potassium-aggravated myotonia
      (PAM), and myotonia congenita (MC). PC and PAM have been linked to missense
      mutations in the SCN4A gene, which encodes alpha subunit of the voltage-gated
      sodium channel, whereas MC is caused by mutations in the chloride channel gene
      (CLCN1). Exercise is known to trigger, aggravate, or relieve symptoms. Therefore,
      exercise can be used as a functional test in electromyography to improve the
      diagnosis of these muscle disorders. Abnormal changes in the compound muscle
      action potential can be disclosed using different exercise tests. Five
      electromyographic (EMG) patterns (I-V) that may be used in clinical practice as
      guides for molecular diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 19966975
TI  - Psychometric properties of Bengali version of QOLIE-10 in epileptic patients.
AB  - Assessment of Quality of Life in Epilepsy has currently been emphasized to
      provide comprehensive care to patients. AIM: To develop and standardize and
      assess the psychometric properties of Bengali version of QOLIE-10 and to assess
      the relationship of quality of life with seizure variables and presence of
      psychiatric morbidity. DESIGN: English QOLIE-10 was translated into Bengali by a
      translation committee using translation-re-translation technique. Inter-rater
      reliability between the English and Bengali version was assessed during initial
      practice session held amongst 20 bilingual patients. It was found that item 3
      (related to driving) was reported to have difficulty in answering by all the
      patients as none drove any vehicle. Thus, this item was dropped. The inter-rater
      reliability of the resultant 9 item scale was found to be high (kappa = 0.9). One
      hundred and seven epilepsy patients attending the Epilepsy clinic were selected
      for the study if they met the following criteria: age >15 years, duration of
      seizure >1 year, regular intake of antiepileptic drugs, presence of informant and
      ability to read Bengali. For each patient, demographic and clinical data (seizure
      frequency, last seizure date, seizure type as per record, medicine intake history
      and records of past investigations such as EEG) was collected. Each patient were
      administered QOLIE-9 (Bengali) and SRQ-24 Bengali version to screen for
      psychiatric morbidity. RESULTS: The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for QOLIE-9 was
      0.81, which did not improve if any item was dropped. All items showed strong
      correlation with the total score. The instrument showed stable factor structure
      with three factors (Limitation, Depression, Illness effects). However, the item
      with regard to memory problem did not fit into any of the factors. The QOLIE-9
      total showed a significant correlation with the seizure frequency (r = 0.76**).
      SRQ positive (i.e., suspected psychiatric morbidity) cases had higher QOLIE-9
      score (thus, poorer quality of life) in comparison to non-psychiatric cases.
      CONCLUSION: Bengali QOLIE-9 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the
      quality of life in patients suffering from epilepsy.

PMID- 19966976
TI  - Childhood epilepsy: Management in resource-limited setting.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To optimize the use of phenobarbital and/or phenytoin as frontline
      drugs for treatment of childhood epilepsy. DESIGN: Before-and -after study.
      SETTING: Epilepsy clinic at paediatric OPD, Sassoon General Hospital, Pune.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epilepsy is a condition in which seizures are triggered
      recurrently from within the brain. For epidemiological classification purpose
      epilepsy is considered to be present when two or more unprovoked seizures occur
      at an interval greater than twenty four hours apart. Seizures were classified as
      generalized and partial seizures, with underlying etiology investigated with EEG,
      CT scan in majority of the patients. Follow - up rate, seizure - control and
      antiepileptic drugs used among 151 children enrolled as on 31 March 2005 were
      compared with 106 children with new onset epilepsy enrolled as on February 2006.
      Eight children with breakthrough convulsion after a seizure free period of five
      to eighteen months were followed up after injection vitamin D. Nineteen children
      with poor control of seizures receiving polytherapy with newer antiepileptic
      drugs were assessed with frontline antiepileptic medication of phenobarbital
      and/or phenytoin. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase were done in
      seventy two consecutive children with seizure disorder. RESULTS: During post
      protocol period good seizure control was achieved in 84.8% as against 80.7% and
      use of phenobarbital and/or phenytoin increased to 65.11% from 22.87%. Of the 8
      cases with breakthrough seizures seven remained seizure free after vitamin D
      administration and with no dose enhancement of AED medications of the nineteen.
      Children receiving polytherapy thirteen children could be successfully switched
      to phenobarbital and/or phenytoin. Forty four (61%) children had hypocalcemia
      (less than 9 mg%), fifty seven (79%) children had raised alkaline phosphatase
      levels (more than 270 IU). COMMENTS: Phenobarbital and/or phenytoin have been
      found to be effective frontline AED. Periodic administration of vitamin D plays a
      supportive role.

PMID- 19966977
TI  - Quality of life in Wilson's disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Assessment of Quality of life (QoL) is fast assuming significance as
      the measure of health in many disorders. AIM: To correlate clinical severity and
      QoL in patients with Wilson's disease (WD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated
      patients of WD on regular follow up for at least two years and aged over 18 years
      using Neurological Symptom Score (NSS) for clinical severity and WHO-BREF for QoL
      at a university teaching hospital. Patients with inability to respond to the
      questionnaire due to behavioral problems, low IQ or other disease related factors
      were excluded. These 30 patients (M:F:: 23:7) had a mean age of 27.97 +/- 11.16
      years at evaluation and the mean duration of treatment of 9.2 +/- 6.4 years.
      RESULTS: All four domains of WHO-QoL-BREF viz., Physical, Psychological, Social
      and Environmental correlated well with each other (p < 0.01). The NSS correlated
      inversely with the physical domain (p < 0.02), while the duration of treatment
      had a positive correlation with the physical domain (p < 0.01). None of the other
      features of QoL showed any significant correlation with age, NSS or duration of
      treatment. CONCLUSION: QoL is complementary to formal neurological assessment and
      should be routinely incorporated in the evaluation of outcome of patients with WD
      and other chronic neurological disorders.

PMID- 19966978
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in women with epilepsy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lipid peroxidation is an indicator of free radical metabolism and
      oxidative stress in human beings and other organisms. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an
      end product of lipid peroxidation, is a metabolite that can be readily estimated
      in serum samples. Excess oxidative stress may be a final common pathway through
      which anti epileptic drugs may exert their teratogenic potential in pregnant
      women with epilepsy. Our objective in this study was to ascertain the variations
      in malondialdehyde (MDA) in women with epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study
      was carried out in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and pregnancy after obtaining
      clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained
      from all the subjects. The quantitative examination of MDA was performed
      according to standard procedures. The ideal plasma level of MDA is below 2
      nmol/ml. RESULTS: Fifteen women with confirmed epilepsy (mean age 26.9 +/- 3.5)
      were included in the study. Two women were pregnant. MDA levels ranged from 1.7
      to 2.8 nmol/ml (mean level = 2.13 +/- 0.37 nmol/ml). Eight women (53 %) had MDA
      levels above the upper limit of normal. Three patients had levels above 2.5
      nmol/ml, which corresponded to the 75 centile. CONCLUSIONS: This study had shown
      that the estimation of MDA levels in plasma is a convenient method to study lipid
      peroxidation and thereby oxidative stress in women with epilepsy. Over half of
      Women With Epilepsy (WWE) have excess oxidative stress as indicated by high
      levels of MDA in the plasma. Correlations between MDA level and characteristics
      of epilepsy, AED therapy, nutritional status and other medical conditions need to
      be observed in a larger cohort.

PMID- 19966979
TI  - A rare syndrome of central diabetes insipidus with spastic cerebellar ataxia.
AB  - The syndrome of central diabetes insipidus (cDI) and spastic cerebellar ataxia is
      rare with only a few reports in the literature. We report the case of a 21-year
      old patient who was diagnosed to have central diabetes insipidus at the age of 7
      years and presented to us at the age of 21 years with progressive spastic
      cerebellar ataxia that evolved over four years. His MRI showed normal
      hyperintense signal from the posterior pituitary. The persistence of posterior
      pituitary signal in patients with cDI is unusual and is observed in the familial
      variety of cDI, the possible etiology in our patient. A brief review of the
      literature on the rare syndromic association of cerebellar ataxia and cDI has
      been discussed.

PMID- 19966980
TI  - Benign familial neonatal convulsions: A family with a rare disorder.
AB  - The authors report a family from Punjab (India) with 10 members having benign
      familial neonatal convulsions (also known as benign familial neonatal seizures)
      in two generations. This disorder is quite rare. The clinical presentation of
      index case along with the findings of computed tomography of the brain and
      electroencephalograph is described. Important features of all the family members
      along with a brief review of the literature are also given.

PMID- 19966981
TI  - Baller-Gerold syndrome: Further evidence for association with prenatal exposure
      to valproate.
AB  - Baller Gerold Syndrome (BGS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is
      apparent at birth. The disorder is characterized by distinctive malformations of
      the skull and facial area and bones of the forearms and hands. We are reporting a
      new case of BGS in a 10-month-old female child born of an epileptic mother who
      was on sodium valproate during the initial months of pregnancy. The baby was born
      with premature closure of the metopic suture, unilateral radial aplasia with limb
      malformation and other congenital anomalies that conformed with the description
      of BGS. The parents and other family members were unaffected, karyotyping was
      normal and there was no history of consanguinity. Fetal valproate exposure has
      been previously reported as the cause of this fetal malformation syndrome, which
      is generally inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The peculiar pregnancy
      history and the supporting literature on the effects of valproic acid on the
      fetus exposed in utero to it with numerous case reports in the literature
      referring to BGS as a result of fetal exposure to valproate made us conclude that
      this is indeed a case of BGS secondary to valproate-induced teratogenesis.

PMID- 19966982
TI  - An all time inspiration.

PMID- 19966984
TI  - Periodic sharp wave triplets and quadruplets.

PMID- 19966983
TI  - Selective tract abnormality in adrenoleukodystrophy: Uncommon MRI finding.

PMID- 19966985
TI  - Advocacy in neurology.

PMID- 19966986
TI  - Revitalize primary health care for confronting current public health challenges.

PMID- 19966987
TI  - Telemedicine: a new horizon in public health in India.

PMID- 19966988
TI  - Micronutrient Malnutrition in India: Let Us Say "No" to it Now.

PMID- 19966989
TI  - Study on Prevalence of lodine Deficiency Disorder and Salt Consumption Patterns
      in Jammu Region.
AB  - RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the situation of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) and
      salt consumption in Jammu region? HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of IDD has decreased
      markedly as a result of medical as well as socio-economic factors. OBJECTIVE: To
      assess the magnitude of IDD in Jammu region and also assess the salt consumption
      patterns in the region. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Primary schools
      in both urban and rural areas. STUDY TOOLS: Clinical examination of study
      population for goiter, laboratory assessment of casual urine sample for urinary
      iodine estimation of I(2) content of salt samples collected from sub-samples of
      study population. PARTICIPANTS: School children in the age group of 6-12 years
      were selected for study using WHO 30-cluster methodology, urine samples were
      collected from 15% of selected children and salt samples from 5% of sub-sample.
      ETHICAL CONCERN: No ethical issues were involved. RESULTS: An overall goiter
      prevalence of 11.98% was observed in the region. Females had a prevalence of
      16.1% and males 10.1%. The median urinary iodine excretion in the region was 96.5
      mug/l (range: 29.0-190.0 mug/l). Forty-nine percent of subjects had biochemical
      iodine deficiency with 6.7% having moderate and 42.53% mild iodine deficiency. In
      Jammu region, 74.47% of households consume powdered salt with 98.17% powdered
      salt samples having an I(2) content of greater than 15 ppm. CONCLUSION: Iodine
      deficiency remains a public health problem in the region, though the region seems
      to be in a state of nutritional transition from iodine deficiency to iodine
      sufficiency.

PMID- 19966990
TI  - Factors related to attempted suicide in davanagere.
AB  - RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the factors responsible for suicidal attempts?
      OBJECTIVES: To study the socio-demographic factors, methods and reasons for
      suicidal attempts. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Bapuji and C.G.
      Hospitals attached to J.J.M. Medical College, Davanagere. PARTICIPANTS: A total
      of 540 suicidal attempters admitted to emergency wards. METHODOLOGY: A pretested
      proforma was administered to the subjects relating the factors responsible for
      the attempt. The data thus obtained was compiled and analyzed. STATISTICAL
      ANALYSIS: Proportions, Z-test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: In this study, 61.3%
      were males and 38.7% were females. Peak occurrence of suicidal attempts was found
      in the second and third decades (15-29 years). Hindus constituted about 94.6% of
      the total suicidal attempters. Almost half (52.2%) of the subjects had education
      below or up to matriculation and 83% of them were from the lower (classes IV and
      V) socio-economic groups. Agriculturists, housewives and unskilled workers
      represented 75% of the total subjects. Fifty-five percent of the subjects were
      from nuclear families and most (62.4%) of them were married; frequent mode of
      attempting suicides was by organo-phosphorus compounds (66.3%) followed by
      overdosage of tablets (17.8%). Common cause was family problem (27.2%) followed
      by illness (27%).

PMID- 19966991
TI  - How Much do Rural Indian Husbands Care for the Health of their Wives'.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the response of husbands to their wives' health problems.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 100 couples through a systematic random
      sampling from 4 purposively selected villages; these couples were interviewed by
      a social worker in rural North India through house-to-house survey. The role of
      husbands during pregnancy, puerperium and during the wives' illness was explored.
      Their awareness with regard to the reproductive health problems of their wives
      was also ascertained. Another outpatient department (OPD)-based interview of
      female (n = 300) patients was conducted; 50 each at health post, subcenter,
      primary health centers (PHC), community health center (CHC), 50-bed hospital and
      apex institution. Previous consultation history was also obtained. RESULTS:
      Husbands escorted their wives to hospital in 30-40% cases. This was mainly for a
      visit to bigger hospitals in cities/towns. Husbands decided regarding the
      treatment agency in the majority of cases. In 10% cases, they took time off their
      work during wives' sickness and helped in household work. Consultation within a
      week was 100%. The husbands' knowledge regarding the safe period was inadequate.
      Majority (78%) said that women remained ill more often. Most wives were satisfied
      with the role of their husbands during their pregnancy or illness. A majority
      (80%) of husbands favored education of women up to the 10th standard and 87% were
      in favor of working women. CONCLUSION: Reasonably favorable attitude of husbands
      towards their wives' health problems was witnessed. This needs to the carefully
      nurtured.

PMID- 19966992
TI  - Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a
      teaching hospital in mumbai, India.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Exposure to blood and body fluids is one of the hidden hazards faced
      by health care workers (HCWs). The objective of the present study was to estimate
      the incidence of such exposure in a teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A
      cross-sectional study among a random sample of residents, interns, nurses and
      technicians (n = 830) was carried out in a teaching hospital to estimate the
      incidence of exposure to blood and body fluids in the preceding 12-month period.
      Self-reported occurrence and the circumstances of the same were recorded by face
      to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The response
      rate to the study was 89.76%. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in
      the preceding 12 months was reported by 32.75% of the respondents. The self
      reported incidence was the highest among the nurses. Needle-stick injury was the
      most common mode of such exposures (92.21% of total exposures). Index finger and
      thumb were the commonest sites of exposure. Only 50% of the affected individuals
      reported the occurrence to concerned hospital authorities. Less than a quarter of
      the exposed persons underwent post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against HIV,
      although the same was indicated in about 50% of the affected HCWs based on the
      HIV status of the source patient. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to blood and
      body fluids was a common occurrence in the study sample. There was gross under
      reporting of such incidents leading to a lack of proper PEP against HIV in 50% of
      those in whom the same appeared to be indicated.

PMID- 19966993
TI  - Routine immunization - do people know about it? A study among caretakers of
      children attending pulse polio immunization in East delhi.
AB  - RESEARCH QUESTION: Do caretakers of children under five years have sufficient
      knowledge regarding routine immunization (RI)? OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge
      about RI among caretakers of young children. SETTINGS: Pulse polio immunization
      centres in East Delhi. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Six
      hundred and eighty-two caretakers accompanying children under 5 years to pulse
      polio booths in November 2006. STUDY TOOL: Pre-tested semi-open-ended
      questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Proportions, Chi-square test. RESULTS: The
      proportions of respondents who had awareness about different aspects of RI, such
      as weekday of RI (37.0%), age group for RI (49.1%), number of visits required in
      the first year of life (27.0%), were all low. When asked to name the four
      diseases covered under the RI program in Delhi, only 268 (39.3%) could name at
      least three. The education level of respondents was strongly associated with
      their knowledge about RI. CONCLUSION: The need of the hour is to make RI a 'felt
      need' of the community. Making caretakers more aware about RI is a vital step in
      achieving this goal.

PMID- 19966994
TI  - Quality assessment of private practitioners in rural wardha, maharashtra.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of care provided by private practitioners in
      rural areas of Wardha district. METHODOLOGY: The study was carried out in three
      primary health centres of Wardha district. 20% of the 44 registered private
      practitioners were selected randomly for the study. The data was collected using
      checklist through direct observation for the infrastructure. Assessment of
      quality of services delivered, 10 consecutive patients were observed and also the
      medical practitioner was interviewed. Supplies and logistics were assessed
      through observation. RESULTS: All the facilities were sheltered from weather
      conditions and 90% had adequate waiting space. But, drinking water and adequate
      IEC material was available in only 20% facilities. Complete history taking and
      relevant physical examination was done in only 20% cases. Only 20% practitioners
      recorded blood pressure and 30% recorded temperature in cases with fever.
      Provisional diagnosis was not written in any of the case and only 20% explained
      prescription to the patients. CONCLUSION: There is considerable scope to improve
      the quality of services of private practitioners. To achieve this quality
      assurance programs may be initiated along with the training of private medical
      practitioners.

PMID- 19966995
TI  - An evaluation of coverage and compliance of mass drug administration 2006 for
      elimination of lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas of gujarat.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration (MDA) means once-in-a-year administration of
      diethyl carbamazine (DEC) tablet to all people (excluding children under 2 years,
      pregnant women and severely ill persons) in identified endemic areas. It aims at
      cessation of transmission of lymphatic filariasis. OBJECTIVE: What has been the
      coverage and compliance of MDA in Gujarat during the campaign in December 2006?
      STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional population based house-to-house visit. SETTING:
      Urban and rural areas in Gujarat identified as endemic for filariasis where MDA
      2006 was undertaken. STUDY VARIABLES: Exploratory - Rural and urban districts;
      Outcome - coverage, compliance, actual coverage, side effects. ANALYSIS:
      Percentage and proportions. RESULTS: Twenty-six clusters, each comprising 32
      households from six endemic districts, yielded an eligible population of 4164.
      The coverage rate was 85.2% with variation across different areas. The compliance
      with drug ingestion was 89% with a gap of 11% to be targeted by intensive IEC.
      The effective coverage (75.8%) was much below the target (85%). Side effects of
      DEC were minimum, transient and drug-specific. Overall coverage was marginally
      better in rural areas. The causes of poor coverage and compliance have been
      discussed and relevant suggestions have been made.

PMID- 19966996
TI  - Profiles of attendees in voluntary counseling and testing centers of a medical
      college hospital in coastal karnataka.
AB  - RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the socio-demographic profile and risk behavior
      pattern of seropositive attendees in the voluntary counseling and testing center
      (VCTC)? STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: VCTC in the outpatient
      complex of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka. SUBJECTS:
      Records pertaining to all the 539 and 330 seropositive attendees during the years
      2005 and 2006, respectively, were included in the study besides data from 2001
      onwards in order to assess the time trend of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
      STUDY VARIABLES: Age, sex, marital status, religion, educational status,
      occupation, place of residence and pattern of risk behavior in relation to
      HIV/AIDS. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis was done with SPSS version 11.
      Statistical test and Chi-square was done, and P < 0.05 was considered
      statistically significant. RESULTS: The time trend of VCTC attendees reveals a
      gradual increase except in 2006 showing a sharp decline. Seropositives were
      around 20% between 2001 and April 2007 with a sharp increase in 2006, i.e.,
      33.64%. Male seropositivity constituted 60-63%; 81-91% of seropositive attendees
      belonged to the age group of 15-50 years; 58-70% were married. Only about 3% were
      illiterates and 20-25% constituted 6(th)-12(th) pass-outs. With regard to
      occupational profile, about 17-27% were housewives, 19-21% were laborers/hotel
      workers and 7% were entrepreneurs. About 45% were from urban area and nearly one
      third hailing from other districts in the border of Karnataka. About 25% were
      exposed to commercial sex workers; another 21-23% were involved in premarital sex
      and nearly 38% were indulging in heterosexual activities.

PMID- 19966997
TI  - Role of reorientation training in enhancement of the knowledge regarding growth
      monitoring activities by anganwadi workers in urban slums of delhi.

PMID- 19966998
TI  - Social classification: the need to update in the present scenario.

PMID- 19966999
TI  - Social Correlates in Reproductive Tract Infections among Married Women in Rural
      Area of Meerut.

PMID- 19967000
TI  - Gestational diabetes in rural women of jammu.

PMID- 19967001
TI  - Pattern of road traffic injuries: a study from Western maharashtra.

PMID- 19967002
TI  - Impact of tuberculosis on the quality of life.

PMID- 19967003
TI  - Trends of cause-specific mortality in union territory of chandigarh.

PMID- 19967004
TI  - The Effect of 'Integrated Health Promotion Initiative' on Awareness among Opinion
      Leaders Regarding Hypertension.

PMID- 19967005
TI  - A study of occurrence of musculoskeletal discomfort in computer operators.

PMID- 19967006
TI  - Dilemma of adolescent hypertension.

PMID- 19967007
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccination among medical students.

PMID- 19967009
TI  - Adverse cutaneous drug reaction.
AB  - In everyday clinical practice, almost all physicians come across many instances
      of suspected adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDR) in different forms. Although
      such cutaneous reactions are common, comprehensive information regarding their
      incidence, severity and ultimate health effects are often not available as many
      cases go unreported. It is also a fact that in the present world, almost everyday
      a new drug enters market; therefore, a chance of a new drug reaction manifesting
      somewhere in some form in any corner of world is unknown or unreported. Although
      many a times, presentation is too trivial and benign, the early identification of
      the condition and identifying the culprit drug and omit it at earliest holds the
      keystone in management and prevention of a more severe drug rash. Therefore, not
      only the dermatologists, but all practicing physicians should be familiar with
      these conditions to diagnose them early and to be prepared to handle them
      adequately. However, we all know it is most challenging and practically difficult
      when patient is on multiple medicines because of myriad clinical symptoms, poorly
      understood multiple mechanisms of drug-host interaction, relative paucity of
      laboratory testing that is available for any definitive and confirmatory drug
      specific testing. Therefore, in practice, the diagnosis of ACDR is purely based
      on clinical judgment. In this discussion, we will be primarily focusing on
      pathomechanism and approach to reach a diagnosis, which is the vital pillar to
      manage any case of ACDR.

PMID- 19967010
TI  - Thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies in Iranian patients with vitiligo.
AB  - Vitiligo is a common skin disorder, and the pathogenesis is unknown. An increased
      prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases has been described in these patients.
      The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and
      hypoparathyroidism in patients with vitiligo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred
      and nine patients (38 males and 71 females with vitiligo were enrolled. Thyroid
      physical examination was carried out. Thyroid function tests, thyroid antibodies,
      calcium and phosphorus were assessed. The collected data were analysed by SPSS
      version 11. RESULTS: Thyromegaly was found in 30.1% of patients. Hypothyroidism
      was found in 16 (15.7%) out of 109 cases. Two of them had clinical and 14 had
      subclinical hypothyroidism. One patient had Grave's disease. Antibody positivity
      was the most common disorder (anti-TPO and anti-tg were positive in 36.7 and
      32.1%, respectively). No patient had hypoparathyroidism. CONCLUSION: According to
      our study, thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism and thyroid
      antibodies increase in patients with vitiligo. We recommend thyroid antibodies
      assessment and thyroid function evaluation in these patients.

PMID- 19967011
TI  - Patients' attitude towards medical students rotating in the dermatology clinic.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the attitudes of the patients towards medical students
      rotating in the dermatology clinic in the King Fahad Hospital of the University
      (KFHU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and two adult outpatients attending
      the KFHU in Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia during the period March to June 2004 completed
      a questionnaire to evaluate their receptiveness towards medical students
      attending with the dermatologist. RESULTS: Almost 57% preferred physician and
      medical student participation in their care and 46% welcomed their presence
      during physical examination. The majority of patients (64.8%) felt comfortable
      disclosing personal information to the medical student and (68.7%) enjoyed the
      interaction with the medical students. Patients (63.7%) agreed that the students
      understood their healthcare needs. CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients in
      this study enjoyed their interactions with the students and felt comfortable
      disclosing information. Some patients want to spend time alone with the physician
      so permission for medical student participation should be requested.

PMID- 19967013
TI  - Clinicopathologic evaluation of mammary Paget's disease.
AB  - Mammary and extramammary Paget's diseases are rare neoplasms of epidermis and
      mucosal epithelium. Due to their nonspecific and variable clinical view, they
      have differential diagnosis with eczema, melanoma, Bowen's disease, etc. To the
      best of our knowledge, no such study has been performed in Iran regarding the
      prevalence, clinical aspects, underlying disease and pathological characteristics
      of these two diseases. In this study, we have evaluated the clinical and
      histopathological aspects of this disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this
      retrospective study, all Paget's biopsied samples referred to the Pathology
      Department of Imam-Reza hospital, Mashhad, since 1984 till 2004 were evaluated.
      Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS: Among
      98925 specimens, there were 29 cases of Paget's disease. All cases were married
      women suffering from mammary Paget. The mean age was 53 +/- 11 years. Left and
      right breast involvement was observed in 17 and 12 cases, all unilateral. The
      most common clinical view was ulcerated (27%) and then erythematosus exudative
      plaques. More than 50% of patients were symptomatic. Most common symptoms were
      itching, pain and burning. The exclusive underlying pathological diagnosis was
      ductal carcinoma (55%). DISCUSSION: In most cases, the clinical view of mammary
      Paget's disease was helpful. Unilateral ulcerated plaque was the most common
      clinical sign. Majority of the accompanying pathology was ductal carcinoma. We
      had no cases of extramammary Paget's disease in our study.

PMID- 19967012
TI  - Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR based restriction fragment
      length polymorphism for detection and identification of dermatophytes from
      dermatological specimens.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To develop and optimize polymerase chain reaction-based restriction
      fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeting 18S rDNA and internal
      transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungi for rapid detection and identification
      of dermatophytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two PCR-RFLP methods targeting 18S rDNA
      and ITS regions of fungi were optimized using standard and laboratory isolates of
      dermatophytes and other fungi. Sixty-eight dermatological clinical specimens
      (nail clippings (56), material obtained from blisters (8), hair root (2),
      scraping from scaly plaque of foot (1) and skin scraping (1) collected by the
      dermatologist were subjected to both the optimized PCR-RFLP and conventional
      mycological (smear and culture) methods. RESULTS: PCRs targeting 18S rDNA and the
      ITS region were sensitive to detect 10 picograms and 1 femtogram of T. rubrum
      DNA, respectively. PCR targeting 18S rDNA was specific for dermatophytes and
      subsequent RFLP identified them to species level. PCR-RFLP targeting the ITS
      region differentiated dermatophytes from other fungi with identification to
      species level. Among the 68 clinical specimens tested, both PCR-RFLP methods
      revealed the presence of dermatophytes in 27 cases (39.7%), whereas culture
      revealed the same only in 2 cases (7.40%), increasing the clinical sensitivity by
      32.3%. Among 20 smear positive specimens, both PCR-RFLP methods detected
      dermatophytes in 12 (17.6%). Both the methods detected the presence of
      dermatophytes in 13 (19.11%) smear and culture negative specimens, increasing the
      clinical sensitivity by 36.1%. CONCLUSION: PCR-RFLP methods targeting 18S rDNA
      and the ITS regions of fungi were specific and highly sensitive for detection and
      speciation of dermatophytes.

PMID- 19967014
TI  - Increased incidence of tuberculosis in patients of systemic sclerosis on
      dexamethasone pulse therapy: a short communication from Kashmir.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis is a multi-systemic autoimmune disorder affecting
      predominantly the skin, lungs, gut and kidneys. PURPOSE: To report the increased
      incidence of tuberculosis in patients of systemic sclerosis on dexamethasone
      pulse (DP) therapy. METHODS: Forty-seven patients of systemic sclerosis were
      included in the study. After taking a complete history and doing a detailed
      physical examination, the patients were submitted to a battery of investigations
      including complete hemogram (CBC) with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR(F)),
      Chest X-ray CXR (PA view) Mantoux test and urine analysis. CBC, ESR and urine
      examination was done monthly and CXR were repeated six-monthly. FINDINGS: Seven
      patients on DP therapy developed genitourinary tuberculosis. Four had pulmonary
      tuberculosis. One patient developed tubercular lymphadenitis, one patient
      succumbed to miliary tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: There is an increased incidence of
      tuberculosis amongst patients of systemic sclerosis on DP therapy. LIMITATION OF
      THE STUDY: There was no control group of systemic sclerosis patients not on DP
      therapy to rule out the confounding effect of the disease per se predisposing to
      tuberculosis as all our patients as a matter of routine were put on steroid
      pulse. Also, the increased incidence of tuberculosis was detected incidentally
      while on monthly follow-up.

PMID- 19967015
TI  - Esophageal lichen planus: a case report and review of literature.
AB  - Lichen planus is a rare cause of esophagitis and esophageal stricture. It is
      invariably associated with oral mucosal involvement and the diagnosis has to be
      considered in these patients who present with dysphagia. We present a case of
      esophageal stricture secondary to lichen planus.

PMID- 19967016
TI  - Avascular necrosis: a rare complication of steroid therapy for pemphigus.
AB  - A patient of pemphigus vulgaris presented with avascular necrosis of the femur
      after long-term high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids used on a long
      term basis can cause avascular necrosis of bone and this has been seen in various
      diseases. This is attributable to both the disease process itself and the therapy
      i.e. corticosteroid usage. In dermatological practice avascular necrosis of bone
      has been seen more commonly with SLE and also with psoriasis using long-term
      steroids. Avascular necrosis in a case of pemphigus on steroid therapy is a rare
      finding. We report such a case of pemphigus vulgaris developing avascular
      necrosis of bone following corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 19967017
TI  - Hartnup disease.
AB  - A 10 year old girl presented with clinical signs and symptoms of the triad of
      niacin deficiency namely skin eruptions, ataxia, mental changes and diarrhea.
      Although this deficiency could be nutritional where maize is a staple diet, this
      patient had neutral aminoaciduria which indicated a defective transport of
      neutral amino acid transporter in the kidneys and intestine resulting in failure
      of transport of tryptophan and other neutral (ie, monoaminomonocarboxylic) alpha
      amino acids in the small intestine and the renal tubules.

PMID- 19967018
TI  - Recurrent herpes zoster duplex symmetricus in HIV infection.
AB  - A HIV infected patient with recurrent herpes zoster has been presented.
      Recurrence of herpes zoster contralaterally on the same dermatome and concomitant
      occurrence of three viral infections, viz. HIV, HPV and VZV in the same patient
      were the unusual and interesting observations in the present case report.

PMID- 19967019
TI  - Myxoid neurofibroma: an unusual presentation.
AB  - Myxoid neurofibroma (MN) is a benign tumor of perineural cell origin, which is
      demonstrated with a positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. The
      most common locations of the MN are the face, shoulders, arms, periungual and in
      the feet. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a trunk location is
      reported. MN should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors on this
      location.

PMID- 19967020
TI  - Giant pedunculated seborrheic keratosis of penis.
AB  - Seborrheic keratosis of the penis is a rare entity. It has been mistaken as
      genital warts and differentiation is only made on histopathology. We are
      reporting a case presenting as multiple giant polypoidal lesions on the penile
      skin for the last 20 years. Seborrheic keratosis should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of pedunculated lesions of the penis. The histopathology
      after shave excision will be diagnostic.

PMID- 19967021
TI  - Skin nodules as a presenting feature of diffuse large B-cell gastric lymphoma.

PMID- 19967022
TI  - Vitiligo: is it just a dermatological disorder?

PMID- 19967023
TI  - Subcutaneous rhinosporidiosis.

PMID- 19967024
TI  - Hand-foot syndrome due to capecitabine.

PMID- 19967025
TI  - Strengthening health care system in India: is privatization the only answer?

PMID- 19967026
TI  - Develop advocacy for public health.

PMID- 19967027
TI  - Addressing domestic violence against women: an unfinished agenda.

PMID- 19967028
TI  - Menstrual Hygiene: How Hygienic is the Adolescent Girl?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Menstruation and menstrual practices are still clouded by taboos and
      socio-cultural restrictions resulting in adolescent girls remaining ignorant of
      the scientific facts and hygienic health practices, which sometimes result into
      adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: (i) To elicit the beliefs, conception and
      source of information regarding menstruation among the study population and (ii)
      to find out the status of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 adolescent
      girls of a secondary school situated in the field practice area of Rural Health
      Unit and Training Center, Singur, West Bengal, with the help of a pre-designed
      and pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically by simple
      proportions. RESULTS: Out of 160 respondents, 108 (67.5%) girls were aware about
      menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. Mother was the first informant
      regarding menstruation in case of 60 (37.5%) girls. One hundred and thirty-eight
      (86.25%) girls believed it as a physiological process. Seventy-eight (48.75%)
      girls knew the use of sanitary pad during menstruation. Regarding practices, only
      18 (11.25%) girls used sanitary pads during menstruation. For cleaning purpose,
      156 (97.5%) girls used both soap and water. Regarding restrictions practiced, 136
      (85%) girls practised different restrictions during menstruation. CONCLUSIONS:
      Menstrual hygiene, a very important risk factor for reproductive tract
      infections, is a vital aspect of health education for adolescent girls.
      Educational television programmes, trained school nurses/health personnel,
      motivated school teachers and knowledgeable parents can play a very important
      role in transmitting the vital message of correct menstrual hygiene to the
      adolescent girl of today.

PMID- 19967029
TI  - Use of Portfolio-based Learning and Assessment in Community-based Field
      Curriculum.
AB  - Portfolio-based learning is recognized in medical education. It helps students to
      assess themselves as per the key learning objectives and outcomes expected out of
      them. The faculty could also get feedback regarding individual student's progress
      toward learning outcomes and facilitate the students achieve the same. This
      article addresses the process of portfolio development and assesses from students
      feedbacks, if portfolio-based learning is an improvement over record-based study
      in community-based field studies. The results of this study shows that involving
      students in framing objectives, developing a mechanism for self-introspection and
      self-assessment by the students and a mechanism by which faculty can monitor each
      student's progress toward the defined objectives can significantly enhance the
      learnability of the students.

PMID- 19967030
TI  - Risk Behaviors Related to Inter-personal Violence Among School and College-going
      Adolescents in South Delhi.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Injuries are a major cause of death and disability among the
      adolescents in the world. OBJECTIVE: To study risk behavior related to
      interpersonal violence amongst school- and college-going adolescents in South
      Delhi and its epidemiological correlates. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
      SETTING: Three schools and two colleges in South Delhi. PARTICIPANTS: Five
      hundred and fifty adolescents aged 14-19 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
      Proportions, Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Among
      the study participants, 65 (11.8%) reported having carried a weapon in past 30
      days. Seventy-four (13.5%) respondents had threatened or injured someone with a
      weapon in past 12 months. Almost one in every two boys (49.1%) reported being
      involved in a physical fight in past 12 months. Involvement in interpersonal
      violence was found to be significantly more amongst males than females.
      Adolescents who were working part time were more likely to be 'at risk' (67.5%)
      than those not working (48.5%). In logistic regression analysis, the significant
      correlates of interpersonal violence were male gender, lower age, number of close
      friends, having seen role models smoke/drink, and residing in resettlement
      colonies, slums or villages. The findings regarding violence-related behaviors
      among adolescents are remarkably similar to those in other countries.

PMID- 19967031
TI  - Antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial isolates in a teaching hospital in goa.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Emergence of polyantimicrobial resistant strains of hospital
      pathogens has presented a challenge in the provision of good quality in-patient
      care. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in the hospital is largely responsible for
      this catastrophe. Bacteriological surveillance of the cases of nosocomial
      infections is crucial for framing an evidence-based antimicrobial policy for a
      hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken among 498
      patients from medicine and surgery wards in a tertiary teaching hospital in Goa.
      The patients were followed up clinico-bacteriologically for the occurrence of
      nosocomial infections (NI). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using
      Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: The overall infection rate was 33.93
      +/- 4.16 infections per 100 patients. Urinary tract infection was the most common
      NI (26.63%), followed by surgical site infection (23.67%), wound infection (23%)
      and nosocomial pneumonia (18.34%). Ninety-seven percent of the isolates were
      bacterial, while the others were fungal. More than 80% of the NIs were caused by
      Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli
      and Aceinetobacter baumanii. Almost 70% of the isolates were resistant to all the
      antibiotics for which susceptibility was tested; the rest were sensitive to
      amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam and other antibiotics including methicillin, co
      trimoxazole, teicoplenin, vancomycin and rifampicin, either singly or in
      combination. The proportion of MRSA was 71.4%. Resistance to a particular
      antibiotic was found to be directly proportional to the antibiotic usage in the
      study setting. CONCLUSION: Surveillance of nosocomial infections with emphasis on
      the microbiologic surveillance and frequent antimicrobial audit are critical
      towards curbing the evil of polyantimicrobial resistant nosocomial infections in
      a hospital.

PMID- 19967032
TI  - Anthelmintic prescribing patterns of a sample of general practitioners from
      selected areas in the colombo district of sri lanka.
AB  - General Practitioners (GPs) provide first contact care of children and pregnant
      mothers in the community. This study ascertained the prescribing pattern of
      anthelmintics to children and pregnant women by a sample of GPs from the district
      of Colombo. Two hundred medical practitioners engaged in full-time General
      Practice (100 urban and 100 rural), were selected randomly. A pre-tested
      interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 183
      GPs aged between 26 and 72 years (median 38) participated with 94 coming from
      urban areas. Seventy percent of the GPs were male. Almost 13% of GPs from urban
      areas had a Postgraduate degree in comparison to 4.5% from the rural areas (P <
      0.05). Over 50% of GPs had 6-20 years of service and over 30% treated 16-30
      patients daily. Seventy-three percent of GPs from rural areas accessed health
      related reading material either daily or weekly in contrast to only 40% from
      urban areas (P < 0.001). All GPs prescribed anthelmintics to children. Pyrantel
      pamoate was the preferred anthelmintic used for children by both groups.
      Approximately 55% and 64% of GPs from urban and rural areas, respectively,
      prescribed anthelmintics during pregnancy. A majority of GPs prescribed drugs
      after the first trimester. However, 25% from urban areas gave drugs during any
      trimester (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that GPs with postgraduate
      qualifications, those having frequent access to health-related material and those
      seeing more than 30 patients daily, prescribed anthelmintics to pregnant women
      more often. Although routine de-worming of pregnant women and children should
      occur through government antenatal and well-baby clinics, and through the schools
      de-worming programme, it may not happen due to various reasons. Thus, GPs play a
      vital role in achieving good coverage of anthelmintics among children and
      pregnant women. Making available clear national guidelines on prescribing
      anthelmintics in Sri Lanka would improve the prescribing patterns of
      anthelmintics among GPs.

PMID- 19967033
TI  - Study on the use of tobacco among male medical students in lucknow, India*.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Is use of tobacco a major health problem among medical students? To
      find out the factors associated with the use of tobacco. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A
      cross-sectional study was done on 250 undergraduate male medical students using a
      pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire to study about the problem and various
      correlates of the tobacco use. Data was collected and analysed using Excel and
      SPSS software. RESULTS: Among the tobacco users (28.8%), smoking was found in
      87.5% and tobacco chewing in the form of gutka, khaini, gulmanjan (locally
      available forms of tobacco) in 37.5% as the predominant means of the use of
      tobacco. The mean age of our sample was 23.5 years. The residential background,
      i.e., rural or urban, and religion were not significantly associated with the use
      of tobacco in the present study. Hostellers were found to be more frequent
      tobacco users as compared to day-scholars. There was a familial aggregation of
      the use of tobacco. The factor initiating the use of tobacco was usually peer
      pressure. CONCLUSION: Tobacco use is a significant problem among the male medical
      students and we need to take steps to stop its use by them so as to prevent them
      from being exposed to its hazardous effects. This will also make their role in
      the advocacy of the smoking cessation activities more trustworthy.

PMID- 19967034
TI  - A study of occurrence of domestic accidents in semi-urban community.
AB  - CONTEXT: Domestic accidents are worldwide public health problems. The
      consequences of a domestic accident may prove disastrous as it may result in
      disability and loss of productivity. In this context, the present study was
      carried out to characterize the occurrence of domestic accidents in a semi-urban
      community. AIMS: To study the incidence of domestic accident in a semi-urban
      community and its association with various epidemiological factors. SETTINGS AND
      DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional study of 796 households consisting of
      4086 individuals residing in a semi-urban area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Complete
      information from 796 households consisting of 4086 individuals was collected
      through semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Domestic accident was
      considered when any of these individuals had met with an accident inside the
      house or in the immediate surroundings of the house during the last 6 months from
      the date of survey. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed. STATISTICAL
      ANALYSIS USED: Simple proportions and Chi-squared test. RESULTS: The incidence of
      domestic accidents was found to be 1.7%. The most common accident reported was
      fall. Occurrence of falls was found to be associated with age and overcrowding.
      Other accidents noted were burns, scalds, electrocution, injuries and accidental
      poisoning. Accidents were reported in significantly higher proportion in extreme
      age groups and in females. Higher proportion of accidents occurred during the
      morning and evening hours. About 10.1% were treated at home, 72.5% as outdoor
      patients and 17.4% as indoor patients. The mean duration of hospital stay was
      found to be 2 weeks. Full recovery was observed in 82.6% cases, whereas permanent
      disability was found in only 2.9% subjects, while 14.5% reported chronic pain
      after the accident. No death related to domestic accident was reported in the
      present study. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic accidents are more common in extreme age
      groups and in females. The reasons may be the higher amount of time spent at home
      and greater participation in daily home activities. Falls being the most frequent
      type of accidents, proper designing of house and adequate illumination may help
      in reducing their occurrence, as the majority of accidents occurred during the
      morning and evening hours in our study.

PMID- 19967036
TI  - Burden of disability in a chandigarh village.

PMID- 19967035
TI  - Tracking of blood pressure among adolescents and young adults in an urban slum of
      puducherry.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of hypertension (HT) is an important strategy in its
      control. Tracking of blood pressure (BP) has been found useful in identifying
      persons with potential HT, particularly in youngsters. A cohort of 756 subjects
      (with baseline information as a cross-sectional study in 2002) was followed up in
      2006 to comment on the distribution of BP and its attributes. OBJECTIVES: To
      track BP distribution in a cohort of adolescents and young adults, and assess the
      persistence of high/low normotensives; to measure the incidence of HT and study
      the relationship of BP with age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, physical
      exercise, salt intake, smoking and alcohol consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      The baseline study cohort (2002) of 756 subjects (19-24 years) in urban field
      area of Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, was followed up
      between May and November 2006 by house visits for measurement of sociodemographic
      variables, anthropometry, salt intake, physical activity and BP. RESULTS: A total
      of 555 subjects from the 2002 cohort were contacted (73.4%), in that 54.5%
      subjects who were below 5(th) percentile, 93.6% subjects between 5(th) and 95(th)
      percentiles and 72% of those above 95(th) percentile previously persisted in the
      same cut-offs for systolic blood pressure (SBP). The corresponding figures for
      diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 46.2, 92.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Shift
      from one cut-off to another was not significant for both SBP and DBP, proving the
      tracking phenomenon. Annual incidence of HT was 9.8/1000. Baseline BP was the
      significant predictor of current BP for the entire cohort; BMI and salt intake
      were significant predictors only in certain sections of the study cohort.
      CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of hypertension even among adolescents/young adults
      is an important preventive measure, as tracking exists in the population.

PMID- 19967037
TI  - Study of child labor among school children in urban and rural areas of
      pondicherry.

PMID- 19967038
TI  - Investigation of an epidemic of malaria in a military station.

PMID- 19967039
TI  - Assessment of Client's Perception in Terms of Satisfaction and Service
      Utilization in the Central Government Health Scheme Dispensary at Kolkata.

PMID- 19967040
TI  - Prevalence of tobacco use among the children in the age group of 13-15 years in
      sikkim after 5 years of prohibitory legislation.

PMID- 19967041
TI  - Adolescent's Educational Status and Reasons for Dropout from the School.

PMID- 19967042
TI  - An Analysis of Failure of Category II DOTS Therapy.

PMID- 19967043
TI  - Need to Support Old-age Home Residents.

PMID- 19967044
TI  - Need to focus on occupational health issues.

PMID- 19967045
TI  - Judgement safeguarding the interests of children and pregnant women convicts in
      Indian jails.

PMID- 19967046
TI  - Characterization of ionic currents in human neural stem cells.
AB  - The profile of membrane currents was investigated in differentiated neuronal
      cells derived from human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that were obtained from
      aborted fetal cortex. Whole-cell voltage clamp recording revealed at least 4
      different currents: a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na(+) current, a
      hyperpolarization-activated inward current, and A-type and delayed rectifier-type
      K(+) outward currents. Both types of K(+) outward currents were blocked by either
      5 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 5 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). The
      hyperpolarization-activated current resembled the classical K(+) inward current
      in that it exhibited a voltage-dependent block in the presence of external Ba(2+)
      (30microM) or Cs(+) (3microM). However, the reversal potentials did not match
      well with the predicted K(+) equilibrium potentials, suggesting that it was not a
      classical K(+) inward rectifier current. The other Na(+) inward current resembled
      the classical Na(+) current observed in pharmacological studies. The expression
      of these channels may contribute to generation and repolarization of action
      potential and might be regarded as functional markers for hNSCs-derived neurons.

PMID- 19967047
TI  - Relaxation effect of synthetic ceramide analogues in cat esophageal smooth muscle
      cells.
AB  - Ceramide has emerged as a novel second messenger for intracellular signalling. It
      is produced from sphingomyelin and is involved in the control of cell
      differntiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. C(2)-ceramide, short chain
      ceramide, plays a role in mediating contraction of cat esophageal smooth muscle
      cells. We examined the effect of synthesized ceramide analogues on the C(2)
      ceramide and ACh-induced contraction in esophageal smooth muscle cells isolated
      with collagenase. CY3523, CY3525, or CY3723 inhibited C(2)-ceramide induced
      contraction, in a time dependent manne. Each analogue also inhibited the
      contraction in concentration dependent manners. CY 3523, CY 3525, and CY 3723 had
      no effect to the contraction induced by PMA. The inhibition with CY3523, CY3525
      and CY3723 on the C(2)-ceramide induced contraction was recovered by PMA. These
      analogues decreased the density of MAPK bands (p44/42 or p38) in the western
      blot. These results suggest that ceramide analogues can inhibit C(2)-ceramide
      induced contraction via PKC and MAPK dependent pathway.

PMID- 19967048
TI  - Role of Caveolin-1 in Indomethacin-induced Death of Human Hepatoadenocarcinoma SK
      Hep1 Cells.
AB  - Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an integral membrane protein that may function as a scaffold
      for plasma membrane proteins and acts as a tumor suppressor protein. One
      causative factor of chemotherapy-resistant cancers is P-plycoprotein (P-gp), the
      product of the multidrug resistance-1 gene (MDR1), which is localized in the
      caveolar structure. Currently, the interactive roles of CAV1 and MDR1 expression
      in the death of cancer cells remain controversial. In this study, we investigated
      the effects of indomethacin on the cell viability and the expression levels of
      MDR1 mRNA and protein in a CAV1-siRNA-mediated gene knockdown hepatoma cell line
      (SK-Hep1). Cell viability was significantly decreased in CAV1-siRNA-transfected
      cells compared with that of control-siRNA-transfected cells. Furthermore, the
      viability of cells pretreated with CAV1 siRNA was markedly decreased by treatment
      with indomethacin (400microM for 24 h). However, the protein and mRNA levels of
      MDR1 were unchanged in CAV1-siRNA-transfected cells. These results suggest that
      CAV1 plays an important role as a major survival enzyme in cancer cells, and
      indomethacin can sensitively induce cell death under conditions of reduced CAV1
      expression, independent of MDR1 expression.

PMID- 19967049
TI  - Expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors in Cisplatin-induced acute renal
      failure in mice.
AB  - Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is unequivocally elevated in the kidney with ischemic acute
      renal failure (ARF), whereas ET receptors (ET(A)R and ET(B)R) are variably
      expressed. Although renal functional and structural changes are similar between
      ischemic and nephrotoxic ARF, there are few reports on the alteration in the ET
      system in nephrotoxic ARF. This study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate
      changes in renal expression of ET-1 and its receptors in nephrotoxic ARF induced
      by cisplatin. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 16 mg of cisplatin/kg at
      a single dose, and the expression of mRNA and protein was then quantified by real
      time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was conducted
      for localization. Three days after treatment, ET-1 transcript in cisplatin
      treated mice was thirteen times higher than that in controls, whereas ET-1
      peptide was increased by 1.5-fold. Cisplatin caused a 2-fold increase in the
      levels of ET(A)R mRNA and protein. Most of the increased immunoreactive ET-1 and
      ET(A)R were localized in damaged tubules. Neither the expression of ET(B)R mRNA
      nor the abundance and immunoreactive level of ET(B)R protein were changed. The
      findings suggest that the individual components of the renal ET system are
      differentially regulated in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic ARF.

PMID- 19967050
TI  - Resveratrol inhibits nicotinic stimulation-evoked catecholamine release from the
      adrenal medulla.
AB  - Resveratrol has been known to possess various potent cardiovascular effects in
      animal, but there is little information on its functional effect on the secretion
      of catecholamines (CA) from the perfused model of the adrenal medulla. Therefore,
      the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of resveratrol on the CA
      secretion from the isolated perfused model of the normotensive rat adrenal gland,
      and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Resveratrol (10~100microM) during
      perfusion into an adrenal vein for 90 min inhibited the CA secretory responses
      evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high K(+) (a direct membrane-depolarizer, 56 mM), DMPP
      (a selective neuronal nicotinic N(n) receptor agonist, 100microM) and McN-A-343
      (a selective muscarinic M(1) receptor agonist, 100microM) in both a time- and
      dose-dependent fashion. Also, in the presence of resveratrol (30microM), the
      secretory responses of CA evoked by veratridine 8644 (an activator of voltage
      dependent Na(+) channels, 100microM), Bay-K-8644 (a L-type dihydropyridine Ca(2+)
      channel activator, 10microM), and cyclopiazonic acid (a cytoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase
      inhibitor, 10microM) were significantly reduced. In the simultaneous presence of
      resveratrol (30microM) and L-NAME (an inhibitor of NO synthase, 30microM), the CA
      secretory evoked by ACh, high K(+) , DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and
      cyclopiazonic acid were recovered to a considerable extent of the corresponding
      control secretion compared with the inhibitory effect of resveratrol alone.
      Interestingly, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) released from the adrenal medulla
      was greatly increased in comparison to its basal release. Taken together, these
      experimental results demonstrate that resveratrol can inhibit the CA secretory
      responses evoked by stimulation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors, as well as by
      direct membrane-depolarization in the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal
      gland. It seems that this inhibitory effect of resveratrol is exerted by
      inhibiting an influx of both ions through Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels into the
      adrenomedullary cells as well as by blocking the release of Ca(2+) from the
      cytoplasmic calcium store, which are mediated at least partly by the increased NO
      production due to the activation of NO synthase.

PMID- 19967051
TI  - Synergistic efficacy of concurrent treatment with cilostazol and probucol on the
      suppression of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory markers in cultured human
      coronary artery endothelial cells.
AB  - In the present study, we aimed to identify the synergistic effects of concurrent
      treatment of low concentrations of cilostazol and probucol to inhibit the
      oxidative stress with suppression of inflammatory markers in the cultured human
      coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Combination of cilostazol (0.3~3
      microM) with probucol (0.03~0.3 microM) significantly suppressed TNF-alpha
      stimulated NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced
      intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and TNF-alpha release in
      comparison with probucol or cilostazol alone. The combination of cilostazol
      (0.3~3 microM) with probucol (0.1~0.3 microM) inhibited the expression of
      vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
      (MCP-1) more significantly than did the monotherapy with either probucol or
      cilostazol. In line with these results, combination therapy significantly
      suppressed monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Taken together, it is
      suggested that the synergistic effectiveness of the combination therapy with
      cilostazol and probucol may provide a beneficial therapeutic window in preventing
      atherosclerosis and protecting from cerebral ischemic injury.

PMID- 19967052
TI  - Roles of ERK and NF-kappaB in Interleukin-8 Expression in Response to Heat Shock
      Protein 22 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
AB  - Heat shock proteins (HSPs) serve as molecular chaperones and play a role in cell
      protection from damage in response to stress stimuli. The aim of this article is
      to investigate whether HSP22 affects IL-8 expression in vascular smooth muscle
      cells (VSMCs), and which cellular factors are involved in the HSP-mediated IL-8
      induction in that cell type in terms of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)
      and transcription element. Exposure of aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) to
      HSP22 not only enhanced IL-8 release but also induced IL-8 transcript via
      promoter activation. HSP22 activated ERK and p38 MAPK in AoSMCs. HSP22-induced IL
      8 release was inhibited by U0126, but not by SB202190. A mutation in the IL-8
      promoter region at the binding site of NF-kappaB, but not AP-1 or C/EBP, impaired
      promoter activation in response to HSP22. Delivery of IkappaB, but not dominant
      negative c-Jun, lowered HSP22-induced IL-8 release from AoSMCs. These results
      suggest that HSP22 induces IL-8 in VSMCs via ERK1/2, and that transcription
      factor NF-kB may be required for the HSP22-induced IL-8 up-regulation.

PMID- 19967053
TI  - Acidic pH-activated Cl Current and Intracellular Ca Response in Human
      Keratinocytes.
AB  - The layers of keratinocytes form an acid mantle on the surface of the skin.
      Herein, we investigated the effects of acidic pH on the membrane current and
      [Ca(2+)](c) of human primary keratinocytes from foreskins and human keratinocyte
      cell line (HaCaT). Acidic extracellular pH (pH(e)</= 5.5) activated outwardly
      rectifying Cl(-) current (I(Cl,pH)) with slow kinetics of voltage-dependent
      activation. I(Cl,pH) was potently inhibited by an anion channel blocker 4,4'
      diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS, 73.5% inhibition at 1
      microM). I(Cl,pH) became more sensitive to pH(e) by raising temperature from 24
      to 37. HaCaT cells also expressed Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) current (I(Cl,Ca)), and
      the amplitude of I(Cl,Ca) was increased by relatively weak acidic pH(e) (7.0 and
      6.8). Interestingly, the acidic pH(e) (5.0) also induced a sharp increase in the
      intracellular [Ca(2+)] (Delta[Ca(2+)](acid)) of HaCaT cells. The
      Delta[Ca(2+)](acid) was independent of extracellular Ca(2+), and was abolished by
      the pretreatment with PLC inhibitor, U73122. In primary human keratinocytes, 5
      out of 28 tested cells showed Delta[Ca(2+)](acid). In summary, we found I(Cl,pH)
      and Delta[Ca(2+)](acid) in human keratinocytes, and these ionic signals might
      have implication in pathophysiological responses and differentiation of epidermal
      keratinocytes.

PMID- 19967055
TI  - The Influence of Alpha-fetoprotein on Natural Suppressor Cell Activity and
      Ehrlich Carcinoma Growth.
AB  - The influence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the bone marrow (BM) natural
      suppressor (NS) cells of intact Ehrlich carcinoma -bearing CBA mice was studied.
      Bone marrow NS cells were fractionated into three fractions by isopycnic
      centrifugation on percoll gradients: NS1 (rho=1.080 g/ml), NS2 (rho=1.090 g/ml)
      and NS3 (1.100>rho>1.090 g/ml). These fractions were highly different in their
      sensitivity to known NS cell inductors (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3 or histamine).
      None of the NS fractions isolated from the intact mice spontaneously produced
      antiproliferative activity, however, they showed a high level of NS
      (antiproliferative and natural killer cell inhibitory) activity under the
      influence of AFP. A single injection of AFP to intact mice led to an increase of
      spontaneous NS activity and the inhibition of natural killer cell activity. NS
      activity, especially NS2, was increased in when tumor cells were subcutaneously
      inoculated three days after AFP injection. In the AFP-treated mice, the tumor
      mass at 14 days was 60% larger than that in the untreated mice. Our data
      confirmed that AFP is a tumor marker that can inhibit cancer immunity and plays a
      role in cancer pathogenesis.

PMID- 19967054
TI  - Long-term Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase through Receptor Interacting
      Protein is Associated with DNA Damage-induced Cell Death.
AB  - Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated
      protein kinase family, is an important cellular response that modulates the
      outcome of the cells which are exposed to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or the
      genotoxic stress including DNA damaging agents. Although it is known that JNK is
      activated in response to genotoxic stress, neither the pathways to transduce
      signals to activate JNK nor the primary sensors of the cells that trigger the
      stress response have been identified. Here, we report that the receptor
      interacting protein (RIP), a key adaptor protein of TNF signaling, was required
      to activate JNK in the cells treated with certain DNA damaging agents such as
      adriamycin (Adr) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) that cause slow
      and sustained activation, but it was not required when treated with N-methyl-N
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and short wavelength UV, which causes quick and
      transient activation. Our findings revealed that this sustained JNK activation
      was not mediated by the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor signaling, but it
      required a functional ATM (ataxia telangiectasia) activity. In addition, JNK
      inhibitor SP-600125 significantly blocked the Adr-induced cell death, but it did
      not affect the cell death induced by MNNG. These findings suggest that the
      sustained activation of JNK mediated by RIP plays an important role in the DNA
      damage-induced cell death, and that the duration of JNK activation relays a
      different stress response to determine the cell fate.

PMID- 19967056
TI  - Sorting Nexin 17 Interacts Directly with Kinesin Superfamily KIF1Bbeta Protein.
AB  - KIF1Bbeta is a member of the Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs), which are
      microtubule-dependent molecular motors that are involved in various intracellular
      organellar transport processes. KIF1Bbeta is not restricted to neuronal systems,
      however, is widely expressed in other tissues, even though the function of
      KIF1Bbeta is still unclear. To elucidate the KIF1Bbeta-binding proteins in non
      neuronal cells, we used the yeast two-hybrid system, and found a specific
      interaction of KIF1Bbeta and the sorting nexin (SNX) 17. The C-terminal region of
      SNX17 is required for the binding with KIF1Bbeta. SNX17 protein bound to the
      specific region of KIF1Bbeta (813-916. aa), but not to other kinesin family
      members. In addition, this specific interaction was also observed in the
      Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. An antibody to SNX17 specifically co
      immunoprecipitated KIF1Bbeta associated with SNX17 from mouse brain extracts.
      These results suggest that SNX17 might be involved in the KIF1Bbeta-mediated
      transport as a KIF1Bbeta adaptor protein.

PMID- 19967057
TI  - Association between Interleukin 31 Receptor A Gene Polymorphism and Schizophrenia
      in Korean Population.
AB  - Recently, Sun et al (2008) reported that the IL6R polymorphism is associated with
      schizophrenia. Therefore, to detect the association between polymorphisms of
      interleukin 31 receptor A (IL31RA) and schizophrenia, we genotyped 9 SNPs
      [rs9292101 (intron 1), rs1009639 (exon 2, Pro43Pro), rs2161582 (intron 2),
      rs68761890 (intron 5), rs16884629 (intron 6), rs11956465 (intron 12), rs12153724
      (intron 12), and rs16884641 (intron 14)] using the Golden Gate assay on Illumina
      BeadStation 500 GX. Two hundred eighteen patients with schizophrenia and 379
      normal subjects were recruited. Patients with schizophrenia were diagnosed
      according to DSM-IV, and control subjects without history of psychiatric
      disorders were selected. We used SNPStats, Haploview, HapAnalyzer, SNPAnalyzer,
      and Helixtree programs for the evaluation of genetic data. Of nine polymorphisms,
      three SNPs (rs9292101, rs1009639, and rs11956465) were associated with
      schizophrenia. The rs9292101 and rs11956465 showed significant associations with
      the risk of schizophrenia in the codominant [rs9292101, odds ratio (OR)=0.74, 95%
      confidence interval (CI)=0.58~0.95, p=0.017] and recessive (rs11956465, OR=0.64,
      95% CI=0.42~0.96, p=0.034) models, respectively. The rs1009639 also was
      statistically related to schizophrenia in both codominant (OR=0.76, 95%
      CI=0.60~0.97, p=0.025) and dominant (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.44~0.98, p=0.035) models.
      Two linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were made. In the analysis of haplotypes,
      a haplotype (GCT) in block 1 and a haplotype (CCACAG) in block 2 showed
      significant associations between schizophrenia and control groups (haplotype GCT,
      frequency=0.509, chi square=4.199, p=0.040; haplotype CCACAG, frequency=0.289,
      chi square=5.691, p=0.017). The results suggest that IL31RA may be associated
      with risk of schizophrenia in Korean population.

PMID- 19967058
TI  - The Inhibition of TREK2 Channel by an Oxidizing Agent, 5,5'-dithio-bis (2
      nitrobenzoic acid), via Interaction with the C-terminus Distal to the 353rd Amino
      Acid.
AB  - TREK (TWIK-RElated K(+) channels) and TRAAK (TWIK-Related Arachidonic acid
      Activated K(+) channels) were expressed in COS-7 cells, and the channel
      activities were recorded from inside-out membrane patches using holding potential
      of -40 mV in symmetrical 150 mM K(+) solution. Intracellular application of an
      oxidizing agent, 5,5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), markedly decreased
      the activity of the TREK2, and the activity was partially reversed by the
      reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). In order to examine the possibility that
      the target sites for the oxidizing agents might be located in the C-terminus of
      TREK2, two chimeras were constructed: TREK2 (1-383)/TASK3C and TREK2 (1
      353)/TASK3C. The channel activity in the TREK2 (1-383)/TASK3C chimera was still
      inhibited by DTNB, but not in the TREK2 (1-353)/TASK3C chimera. These results
      indicate that TREK2 is inhibited by oxidation, and that the target site for
      oxidation is located between the amino acid residues 353 and 383 in the C
      terminus of the TREK2 protein.

PMID- 19967059
TI  - Role of Glucocorticoids in Fasting-induced Changes in Hypothalamic and Pituitary
      Components of the Growth Hormone (GH)-axis.
AB  - To directly test if elevated glucocorticoids are required for fasting-induced
      regulation of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), GHRH receptors (GHRH
      R) and ghrelin receptors (GHS-R) expression, male rats were bilaterally
      adrenalectomized or sham operated. After 7 days, animals were fed ad libitum or
      fasted for 48 h. Bilateral adrenalectomy increased hypothalamic GHRH to 146% and
      decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA to 54% of SHAM controls. Pituitary GHRH-R and
      GHS-R mRNA levels were decreased by adrenalectomy to 30% and 80% of sham-operated
      controls. In shamoperated rats, fasting suppressed hypothalamic GHRH (49%) and
      stimulated NPY (166%) mRNA levels, while fasting increased pituitary GHRH-R
      (391%) and GHS-R (218%) mRNA levels. However, in adrenalectomized rats, fasting
      failed to alter pituitary GHRH-R mRNA levels, while the fasting-induced
      suppression of GHRH and elevation of NPY and GHS-R mRNA levels remained intact.
      In fasted adrenalectomized rats, corticosterone replacement increased GHRH-R mRNA
      levels and intensified the fasting-induced decrease in GHRH, but did not alter
      NPY or GHS-R response. These data suggest that elevated glucocorticoids mediate
      the effects of fasting on hypothalamic GHRH and pituitary GHRH-R expression,
      while glucocorticoids are likely not the major determinant in fasting-induced
      increases in hypothalamic NPY and pituitary GHS-R expression.

PMID- 19967060
TI  - Netrin-1 specifically enhances cell spreading on fibronectin in human
      glioblastoma cells.
AB  - Netrins are secreted molecules and involved in axon guidance, cell migration and
      tumor development. Recent studies revealed that netrins perform novel functions
      in such processes as epithelial development and angiogenesis without operating
      through the classical netrin receptors, DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) and
      Unc5h. In the present study, we investigated the roles of netrin-1 and its
      receptors in cell spreading of human glioblastoma cells, and found that netrin-1
      haptotactically enhanced fibronectin-induced cell spreading and focal adhesion
      formation in U373 glioblastoma cells. Netrin-1 binding to the U373 cell membrane
      was blocked by an antibody against alphav integrin subunit, but not by an anti
      DCC or anti-Unc5h antibody. In addition, enhancement of the fibronectin response
      by netrin-1 was abrogated by a function blocking antibody against integrin
      alphavbeta3. Since the alphav subunit of the integrin family plays an important
      role in the pathophysiological aspects of cell migration, including tumor
      angiogenesis and metastasis, our data provide important insight into the
      molecular mechanism of netrin function.

PMID- 19967061
TI  - Heparin Attenuates the Expression of TNFalpha-induced Cerebral Endothelial Cell
      Adhesion Molecule.
AB  - Heparin is a well-known anticoagulant widely used in various clinical settings.
      Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that heparin also has anti
      inflammatory effects on neuroinflammation-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's
      disease and meningitis. However, the underlying mechanism of its actions remains
      unclear. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory mechanism of
      heparin in cultured cerebral endothelial cells (CECs), and found that heparin
      inhibited the tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFalpha)-induced and nuclear factor
      kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent expression of adhesion molecules, such as
      intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
      (VCAM-1), which are crucial for inflammatory responses. Heparin selectively
      interfered with NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity in the nucleus, which is
      stimulated by TNFalpha. In addition, non-anticoagulant 2,3-O desulfated heparin
      (ODS) prevented NF-kappaB activation by TNFalpha, suggesting that the anti
      inflammatory mechanism of heparin action in CECs lies in heparin's ability to
      inhibit the expression of cell adhesion molecules, as opposed to its
      anticoagulant actions.

PMID- 19967062
TI  - Spinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs) are Involved in the Melittin
      induced Nociception in Rats.
AB  - Intraplantar injection of melittin has been known to induce sustained decrease of
      mechanical threshold and increase of spontaneous flinchings. The present study
      was undertaken to investigate how the melittin-induced nociceptive responses were
      modulated by changes of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activity. Changes
      in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), number of flinchings and paw thickness were
      measured at a given time point after injection of melittin (10 microg/paw) into
      the mid-plantar area of rat hindpaw. To observe the effects of mGluRs on the
      melittin-induced nociceptions, group I mGluR (AIDA, 100 microg and 200 microg),
      mGluR(1) (LY367385, 50 microg and 100 microg) and mGluR(5) (MPEP, 200 microg and
      300 microg) antagonists, group II (APDC, 100 microg and 200 microg) and III (L
      SOP, 100 microg and 200 microg) agonists were intrathecally administered 20 min
      before melittin injection. Intraplantar injection of melittin induced a sustained
      decrease of mechanical threshold, spontaneous flinchings and edema. The effects
      of melittin to reduce mechanical threshold and to induce spontaneous flinchings
      were significantly suppressed following intrathecal pre-administration of group I
      mGluR, mGluR(1) and mGluR(5) antagonists, group II and III mGluR agonists. Group
      I mGluR antagonists and group II and III mGluR agonists had no significant effect
      on melittin-induced edema. These experimental findings indicate that multiple
      spinal mGluRs are involved in the modulation of melittin-induced nociceptive
      responses.

PMID- 19967063
TI  - Single-Channel Recording of TASK-3-like K Channel and Up-Regulation of TASK-3
      mRNA Expression after Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons.
AB  - Single-channel recordings of TASK-1 and TASK-3, members of two-pore domain K(+)
      channel family, have not yet been reported in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons,
      even though their mRNA and activity in whole-cell currents have been detected in
      these neurons. Here, we report single-channel kinetics of the TASK-3-like K(+)
      channel in DRG neurons and up-regulation of TASK-3 mRNA expression in tissues
      isolated from animals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In DRG neurons, the single
      channel conductance of TASK-3-like K(+) channel was 33.0+/-0.1 pS at -60 mV, and
      TASK-3 activity fell by 65+/-5% when the extracellular pH was changed from 7.3 to
      6.3, indicating that the DRG K(+) channel is similar to cloned TASK-3 channel.
      TASK-3 mRNA and protein levels in brain, spinal cord, and DRG were significantly
      higher in injured animals than in sham-operated ones. These results indicate that
      TASK-3 channels are expressed and functional in DRG neurons and the expression
      level is up-regulated following SCI, and suggest that TASK-3 channel could act as
      a potential background K(+) channel under SCI-induced acidic condition.

PMID- 19967065
TI  - PKC-Independent Stimulation of Cardiac Na/Ca Exchanger by Staurosporine.
AB  - [Ca(2+)](i) transients by reverse mode of cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1)
      were recorded in fura-2 loaded BHK cells with stable expression of NCX1. Repeated
      stimulation of reverse NCX1 produced a long-lasting decrease of Ca(2+) transients
      ('rundown'). Rundown of NCX1 was independent of membrane PIP(2) depletion.
      Although the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) was observed during the Ca(2+)
      transients, neither a selective PKC inhibitor (calphostin C) nor a PKC activator
      (PMA) changed the degrees of rundown. By comparison, a non-specific PKC
      inhibitor, staurosporine (STS), reversed rundown in a dose-dependent and
      reversible manner. The action of STS was unaffected by pretreatment of the cells
      with calphostin C, PMA, or forskolin. Taken together, the results suggest that
      the stimulation of reverse NCX1 by STS is independent of PKC and/or PKA
      inhibition.

PMID- 19967064
TI  - Effects of somatostatin on the responses of rostrally projecting spinal dorsal
      horn neurons to noxious stimuli in cats.
AB  - Somatostatin (SOM) is a widely distributed peptide in the central nervous system
      and exerts a variety of hormonal and neural actions. Although SOM is assumed to
      play an important role in spinal nociceptive processing, its exact function
      remains unclear. In fact, earlier pharmacological studies have provided results
      that support either a facilitatory or inhibitory role for SOM in nociception. In
      the current study, the effects of SOM were investigated using anesthetized cats.
      Specifically, the responses of rostrally projecting spinal dorsal horn neurons
      (RPSDH neurons) to different kinds of noxious stimuli (i.e., heat, mechanical and
      cold stimuli) and to the Adelta-and C-fiber activation of the sciatic nerve were
      studied. Iontophoretically applied SOM suppressed the responses of RPSDH neurons
      to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli as well as to C-fiber activation.
      Conversely, it enhanced these responses to noxious cold stimulus and Adelta-fiber
      activation. In addition, SOM suppressed glutamate-evoked activities of RPSDH
      neurons. The effects of SOM were blocked by the SOM receptor antagonist cyclo
      SOM. These findings suggest that SOM has a dual effect on the activities of RPSDH
      neurons; that is, facilitation and inhibition, depending on the modality of pain
      signaled through them and its action site.

PMID- 19967066
TI  - Modeling of arrhythmogenic automaticity induced by stretch in rat atrial
      myocytes.
AB  - Since first discovered in chick skeletal muscles, stretch-activated channels
      (SACs) have been proposed as a probable mechano-transducer of the mechanical
      stimulus at the cellular level. Channel properties have been studied in both the
      single-channel and the whole-cell level. There is growing evidence to indicate
      that major stretch-induced changes in electrical activity are mediated by
      activation of these channels. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of stretch
      induced automaticity by exploiting a recent mathematical model of rat atrial
      myocytes which had been established to reproduce cellular activities such as the
      action potential, Ca(2+) transients, and contractile force. The incorporation of
      SACs into the mathematical model, based on experimental results, successfully
      reproduced the repetitive firing of spontaneous action potentials by stretch. The
      induced automaticity was composed of two phases. The early phase was driven by
      increased background conductance of voltage-gated Na(+) channel, whereas the
      later phase was driven by the reverse-mode operation of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange
      current secondary to the accumulation of Na(+) and Ca(2+) through SACs. These
      results of simulation successfully demonstrate how the SACs can induce
      automaticity in a single atrial myocyte which may act as a focus to initiate and
      maintain atrial fibrillation in concert with other arrhythmogenic changes in the
      heart.

PMID- 19967067
TI  - Kinetic Changes of COX-2 Expression during Reperfusion Period after Ischemic
      Preconditioning Play a Role in Protection Against Ischemic Damage in Rat Brain.
AB  - A brief ischemic insult induces significant protection against subsequent massive
      ischemic events. The molecular mechanisms known as preconditioning (PC)-induced
      ischemic tolerance are not completely understood. We investigated whether kinetic
      changes of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 during reperfusion time-periods after PC were
      related to ischemic tolerance. Rats were given PC by occlusion of middle cerebral
      artery (MCAO) for 10 min and sacrificed after the indicated time-periods of
      reperfusion (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 or 24 h). In PC-treated rats, focal ischemia was
      induced by occlusion of MCA for 24 h and brain infarct volume was then studied to
      determine whether different reperfusion time influenced the damage. We report
      that the most significant protection against focal ischemia was obtained in rats
      with 8 h reperfusion after PC. Administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg, oral) or
      rofecoxib (5 mg/kg, oral) 48 h prior to PC counteracted the effect of PC.
      Immunohistochemical analysis showed that COX-2 and HO-1 protein were induced in
      PC-treated rat brain, which was significantly inhibited by rofecoxib. Taken
      together, we concluded that the kinetic changes of COX-2 expression during the
      reperfusion period after PC might be partly responsible for ischemic tolerance.

PMID- 19967068
TI  - Tyrphostin ErbB2 Inhibitors AG825 and AG879 Have Non-specific Suppressive Effects
      on gp130/ STAT3 Signaling.
AB  - Although the interaction between gp130 and the ErbB family has frequently been
      shown in cancer cells, the mechanism of this interaction remains unclear and
      controversial. In the present study, we found that specific tyrphostin inhibitors
      of ErbB2 (AG825 and AG879), but not ErbB1 inhibitor (AG1478), suppressed IL-6
      induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in schwannoma cells. However,
      biochemical evidence for transactivation of ErbB2 by IL-6 was not observed.
      Additionally, the inhibition of ErbB2 expression, with either a specific RNAi or
      transfection of an ErbB2 mutant lacking the intracellular domain did not inhibit
      the IL-6-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3. Thus, it seems that
      tyrphostins, which are known as specific inhibitors of the ErbB2 kinase, may have
      non-specific suppressive effects on the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

PMID- 19967069
TI  - Pre-ischemic Treatment with Ampicillin Reduces Neuronal Damage in the Mouse
      Hippocampus and Neostriatum after Transient Forebrain Ischemia.
AB  - Ampicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, has been reported to induce astrocytic
      glutamate transporter-1 which plays a crucial role in protecting neurons against
      glutamate excitotoxicity. We investigated the effect of ampicillin on neuronal
      damage in the mouse hippocampus and neostriatum following transient global
      forebrain ischemia. Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with halothane and
      subjected to bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery for 40 min.
      Ampicillin was administered post-ischemically (for 3 days) and/or pre
      ischemically (for 3~5 days until one day before the onset of ischemia). Pre- and
      post-ischemic treatment with ampicillin (50 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day) prevented
      ischemic neuronal death in the medial CA1 area of the hippocampus as well as the
      neostriatum in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ischemic neuronal damage was
      reduced by pre-ischemic treatment with ampicillin (200 mg/kg/day). In summary,
      our results suggest that ampicillin plays a functional role as a chemical
      preconditioning agent that protects hippocampal neurons from ischemic insult.

PMID- 19967070
TI  - Forskolin Enhances Synaptic Transmission in Rat Dorsal Striatum through NMDA
      Receptors and PKA in Different Phases.
AB  - The effect of forskolin on corticostriatal synaptic transmission was examined by
      recording excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in rat brain slices using the
      whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. Forskolin produced a dose-dependent increase
      of corticostriatal EPSCs (1, 3, 10, and 30 microM) immediately after its
      treatment, and the increase at 10 and 30 microM was maintained even after its
      washout. When the brain slices were pre-treated with (DL)-2-amino-5
      phosphonovaleric acid (AP-V, 100 microM), an NMDA receptor antagonist, the acute
      effect of forskolin (10 microM) was blocked. However, after washout of forskolin,
      an increase of corticostriatal EPSCs was still observed even in the presence of
      AP-V. When KT 5720 (5 microM), a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, was applied
      through the patch pipette, forskolin (10 microM) increased corticostriatal EPSCs,
      but this increase was not maintained. When forskolin was applied together with AP
      V and KT 5720, both the increase and maintenance of the corticostriatal EPSCs
      were blocked. These results suggest that forskolin activates both NMDA receptors
      and PKA, however, in a different manner.

PMID- 19967071
TI  - Long-term Follow-up of Cutaneous Hypersensitivity in Rats with a Spinal Cord
      Contusion.
AB  - Sometimes, spinal cord injury (SCI) results in various chronic neuropathic pain
      syndromes that occur diffusely below the level of the injury. It has been
      reported that behavioral signs of neuropathic pain are expressed in the animal
      models of contusive SCI. However, the observation period is relatively short
      considering the natural course of pain in human SCI patients. Therefore, this
      study was undertaken to examine the time course of mechanical and cold allodynia
      in the hindpaw after a spinal cord contusion in rats for a long period of time
      (30 weeks). The hindpaw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation was
      applied to the plantar surface of the hindpaw, and the withdrawal frequency to
      the application of acetone was measured before and after a spinal contusion. The
      spinal cord contusion was produced by dropping a 10 g weight from a 6.25 and 12.5
      mm height using a NYU impactor. After the injury, rats showed a decreased
      withdrawal threshold to von Frey stimulation, indicating the development of
      mechanical allodynia which persisted for 30 weeks. The withdrawal threshold
      between the two experimental groups was similar. The response frequencies to
      acetone increased after the SCI, but they were developed slowly. Cold allodynia
      persisted for 30 weeks in 12.5 mm group. The sham animals did not show any
      significant behavioral changes. These results provide behavioral evidence to
      indicate that the below-level pain was well developed and maintained in the
      contusion model for a long time, suggesting a model suitable for pain research,
      especially in the late stage of SCI or for long term effects of analgesic
      intervention.

PMID- 19967072
TI  - Functional connectivity map of retinal ganglion cells for retinal prosthesis.
AB  - Retinal prostheses are being developed to restore vision for the blind with
      retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or age-related macular
      degeneration (AMD). Among the many issues for prosthesis development, stimulation
      encoding strategy is one of the most essential electrophysiological issues. The
      more we understand the retinal circuitry how it encodes and processes visual
      information, the greater it could help decide stimulation encoding strategy for
      retinal prosthesis. Therefore, we examined how retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in
      in-vitro retinal preparation act together to encode a visual scene with
      multielectrode array (MEA). Simultaneous recording of many RGCs with MEA showed
      that nearby neurons often fired synchronously, with spike delays mostly within 1
      ms range. This synchronized firing - narrow correlation - was blocked by gap
      junction blocker, heptanol, but not by glutamatergic synapse blocker, kynurenic
      acid. By tracking down all the RGC pairs which showed narrow correlation, we
      could harvest 40 functional connectivity maps of RGCs which showed the cell
      cluster firing together. We suggest that finding functional connectivity map
      would be useful in stimulation encoding strategy for the retinal prosthesis since
      stimulating the cluster of RGCs would be more efficient than separately
      stimulating each individual RGC.

PMID- 19967073
TI  - Eugenol Inhibits ATP-induced P2X Currents in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons.
AB  - Eugenol is widely used in dentistry to relieve pain. We have recently
      demonstrated voltage-gated Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels as molecular targets for its
      analgesic effects, and hypothesized that eugenol acts on P2X(3), another pain
      receptor expressed in trigeminal ganglion (TG), and tested the effects of eugenol
      by whole-cell patch clamp and Ca(2+) imaging techniques. In the present study, we
      investigated whether eugenol would modulate 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced
      currents in rat TG neurons and P2X(3)-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293
      cells. ATP-induced currents in TG neurons exhibited electrophysiological
      properties similar to those in HEK293 cells, and both ATP- and alpha ,beta-meATP
      induced currents in TG neurons were effectively blocked by TNP-ATP, suggesting
      that P2X(3) mediates the majority of ATP-induced currents in TG neurons. Eugenol
      inhibited ATP-induced currents in both capsaicin-sensitive and capsaicin
      insensitive TG neurons with similar extent, and most ATP-responsive neurons were
      IB4-positive. Eugenol inhibited not only Ca(2+) transients evoked by alpha ,beta
      meATP, the selective P2X(3) agonist, in capsaicin-insensitive TG neurons, but
      also ATP-induced currents in P2X(3)-expressing HEK293 cells without co-expression
      of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). We suggest, therefore, that
      eugenol inhibits P2X(3) currents in a TRPV1-independent manner, which contributes
      to its analgesic effect.

PMID- 19967074
TI  - Voltage-dependent Ca Current Identified in Freshly Isolated Interstitial Cells of
      Cajal (ICC) of Guinea-pig Stomach.
AB  - The properties of voltage dependent Ca(2+) current (VDCC) were investigated in
      interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) distributed in the myenteric layer (ICC-MY) of
      guinea-pig antrum. In tissue, ICC-MY showed c-Kit positive reactions and produced
      driving potentials with the amplitude and frequency of about 62 mV and 2 times
      min(-1), respectively, in the presence of 1 microM nifedipine. Single ICC-MY
      isolated by enzyme treatment also showed c-Kit immunohistochemical reactivity.
      These cells were also identified by generation of spontaneous inward current
      under K(+) -rich pipette solution. The voltage clamp experiments revealed the
      amplitude of - 329 pA inward current at irregular frequency. With Cs(+)-rich
      pipette solution at V(h)=-80 mV, ICC-MY produced voltage-dependent inward
      currents (VDIC), and nifedipine (1 microM) blocked VDIC. Therefore, we
      successfully isolated c-Kit positive single ICC from guinea-pig stomach, and
      found that ICC-MY potently produced dihydropiridine sensitive L-type voltage
      dependent Ca(2+) currents (VDCC(L)).

PMID- 19967075
TI  - Decreased Expression of Na/K-ATPase, NHE3, NBC1, AQP1 and OAT in Gentamicin
      induced Nephropathy.
AB  - The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation
      of tubular transporters in gentamicin-induced nephropathy. Sprague-Dawley male
      rats (200~250 g) were subcutaneously injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg per day)
      for 7 days, and the expression of tubular transporters was determined by
      immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression of OAT
      was also determined. Gentamicin-treated rats exhibited significantly decreased
      creatinine clearance along with increased plasma creatinine levels. Accordingly,
      the fractional excretion of sodium increased. Urine volume was increased, while
      urine osmolality and free water reabsorption were decreased. Immunoblotting and
      immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, NHE3,
      NBC1, and AQP1 in the kidney of gentamicin-treated rats. The expression of OAT1
      and OAT3 was also decreased. Gentamicin-induced nephropathy may at least in part
      be causally related with a decreased expression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, NHE3, NBC1,
      AQP1 and OAT.

PMID- 19967076
TI  - Diversity of ion channels in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.
AB  - Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) represent a potentially
      valuable cell type for clinical therapeutic applications. The present study was
      designed to evaluate the effect of long-term culturing (up to 10(th) passages) of
      hBM-MSCs from eight individual amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients,
      focusing on functional ion channels. All hBM-MSCs contain several MSCs markers
      with no significant differences, whereas the distribution of functional ion
      channels was shown to be different between cells. Four types of K(+) currents,
      including noise-like Ca(+2)-activated K(+) current (IK(Ca)), a transient outward
      K(+) current (I(to)), a delayed rectifier K(+) current (IK(DR)), and an inward
      rectifier K(+) current (K(ir)) were heterogeneously present in these cells, and a
      TTX-sensitive Na(+) current (I(Na,TTX)) was also recorded. In the RT-PCR
      analysis, Kv1.1, heag1, Kv4.2, Kir2.1, MaxiK, and hNE-Na were detected. In
      particular, I(Na,TTX) showed a significant passage-dependent increase. This is
      the first report showing that functional ion channel profiling depend on the
      cellular passage of hBM-MSCs.

PMID- 19967077
TI  - The Effect of Caffeic Acid on Wound Healing in Skin-incised Mice.
AB  - This study was carried out to investigate the wound healing effect of caffeic
      acid in skin-incised mice. Caffeic acid showed significant effects on anti
      inflammatory activity and wound healing, such as myeloperoxidase activity, lipid
      peroxidation, phospholipase A(2) activity and collagen-like polymer synthesis, in
      incised-wound tissue. On the other hand, it significantly stimulated collagen
      like polymer synthesis in NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells, while inhibited both silica
      induced reactive oxygen species generation and melittin-induced arachidonic acid
      release and PGE(2) production in Raw 264.7 cells, and histamine release in RBL
      2H3 cells stimulated by melittin or arachidonic acid. Therefore, caffeic acid
      appears to have a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in cell culture
      system, which may be related to wound healing in skin-incised mice.

PMID- 19967078
TI  - Heat Acclimatization in Hot Summer for Ten Weeks Suppress the Sensitivity of
      Sweating in Response to Iontophoretically-administered Acetylcholine.
AB  - To determine the peripheral mechanisms involved in thermal sweating during the
      hot summers in July before acclimatization and after acclimatization in
      September, we evaluated the sweating response of healthy subjects (n=10) to
      acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter involved in peripheral sudomotor
      sensitivity. The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) measures
      sympathetic C fiber function after iontophoresed ACh evokes a measurable reliable
      sweat response. The QSART, at 2 mA for 5 min with 10% ACh, was applied to
      determine the directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating
      responses during ACh iontophoresis. The AXR sweat onset-time by the axon reflex
      was 1.50+/-0.32 min and 1.84+/-0.46 min before acclimatization in July and after
      acclimatization in September, respectively (p<0.01). The sweat volume of the
      AXR(1) [during 5 min 10% iontophoresis] by the axon reflex was 1.45+/-0.53
      mg/cm(2) and 0.98+/-0.24 mg/cm(2) before acclimatization in July and after
      acclimatization in September, respectively (p<0.001). The sweat volume of the
      AXR(2) [during 5 min post-iontophoresis] by the axon reflex was 2.06+/-0.24
      mg/cm(2) and 1.39+/-0.32 mg/cm(2) before and after acclimatization in July and
      September, respectively (p<0.001). The sweat volume of the DIR was 5.88+/-1.33
      mg/cm(2) and 4.98+/-0.94 mg/cm(2) before and after acclimatization in July and
      September, respectively (p<0.01). These findings suggest that lower peripheral
      sudomotor responses of the ACh receptors are indicative of a blunted sympathetic
      nerve response to ACh during exposure to hot summer weather conditions.

PMID- 19967079
TI  - Successful control of lymphatic filariasis in the Republic of Korea.
AB  - A successful experience of lymphatic filariasis control in the Republic of Korea
      is briefly reviewed. Filariasis in the Republic of Korea was exclusively caused
      by infection with Brugia malayi. Over the past several decades from the 1950s to
      2006, many investigators exerted their efforts to detection, treatment, and
      follow-up of filariasis patients in endemic areas, and to control filariasis.
      Mass, combined with selective, treatments with diethylcarbamazine to microfilaria
      positive persons had been made them free from microfilaremia and contributed to
      significant decrease of the microfilarial density in previously endemic areas.
      Significant decrease of microfilaria positive cases in an area influenced
      eventually to the endemicity of filariasis in the relevant locality. Together
      with remarkable economic growth followed by improvement of environmental and
      personal hygiene and living standards, the factors stated above have contributed
      to blocking the transmission cycle of B. malayi and led to disappearance of this
      mosquito-borne ancient disease in the Republic of Korea.

PMID- 19967080
TI  - Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba isolated from domestic tap water in Korea.
AB  - In a previous study, we reported our discovery of Acanthamoeba contamination in
      domestic tap water; in that study, we determined that some Acanthamoeba strains
      harbor endosymbiotic bacteria, via our molecular characterization by
      mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mt DNA RFLP). Five
      (29.4%) among 17 Acanthamoeba isolates contained endosymbionts in their
      cytoplasm, as demonstrated via orcein staining. In order to estimate their
      pathogenicity, we conducted a genetic characterization of the endosymbionts in
      Acanthamoeba isolated from domestic tap water via 16S rDNA sequencing. The
      endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP3 and KA/WP4 evidenced the highest level
      of similarity, at 97% of the recently published 16S rDNA sequence of the
      bacterium, Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus. The endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba
      sp. KA/WP8 and KA/WP12 shared a 97% sequence similarity with each other, and were
      also highly similar to Candidatus Odyssella thessalonicensis, a member of the
      alpha-proteobacteria. The endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP9 exhibits a high
      degree of similarity (85-95%) with genus Methylophilus, which is not yet known to
      harbor any endosymbionts. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge,
      to show that Methylophilus spp. can live in the cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba.

PMID- 19967081
TI  - Aureobasidium-derived soluble branched (1,3-1,6) beta-glucan (Sophy beta-glucan)
      enhances natural killer activity in Leishmania amazonensis-infected mice.
AB  - The beta-glucans derived from yeast cell walls have been reported for having many
      immunomodulatory activities in vivo and in vitro. In this study, Aureobasidium
      derived soluble branched (1,3-1,6) beta-glucan (Sophy beta-glucan) was checked
      for natural killer (NK) activity and for the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in
      Leishmania amazonensis infection. The main experiment was performed with a group
      of female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, orally supplemented with 5% of Sophy beta
      glucan and infected with promastogotes of L. amazonensis (1 x 10(7)) into the
      footpad. Increase in the footpad thickness with time was observed in BALB/c mice
      in spite of the oral Sophy beta-glucan supplement, but it was less in C57BL/6
      mice. The difference in overall mean footpad thickness between 'infection only'
      versus 'infection + glucan' groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
      High NK activity in C57BL/6 than BALB/c mice was observed in 'glucan only' group
      compared to the control group and also in 'infection + glucan' group compared to
      'infection only' group. The difference in the NK activity among these groups was
      significant (P < 0.05). The IFN-gamma level increased at weeks 7 and 8 post
      infection in C57BL/6 mice and was significantly high in 'infection + glucan'
      group compared to the 'infection only' group (P < 0.05). IL-4 levels did not
      increase up to detectable levels throughout the study. The results led a
      conclusion that Sophy beta-glucan enhances NK activity and cellular immunity in
      L. amazonensis-infected mice.

PMID- 19967082
TI  - Cryptosporidium oocyst detection in water samples: floatation technique enhanced
      with immunofluorescence is as effective as immunomagnetic separation method.
AB  - Cryptosporidium can cause gastrointestinal diseases worldwide, consequently
      posing public health problems and economic burden. Effective techniques for
      detecting contaminated oocysts in water are important to prevent and control the
      contamination. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method has been widely employed
      recently due to its efficiency, but, it is costly. Sucrose floatation technique
      is generally used for separating organisms by using their different specific
      gravity. It is effective and cheap but time consuming as well as requiring highly
      skilled personnel. Water turbidity and parasite load in water sample are
      additional factors affecting to the recovery rate of those 2 methods. We compared
      the efficiency of IMS and sucrose floatation methods to recover the spiked
      Cryptosporidium oocysts in various turbidity water samples. Cryptosporidium
      oocysts concentration at 1, 10(1), 10(2), and 10(3) per 10 microl were spiked
      into 3 sets of 10 ml-water turbidity (5, 50, and 500 NTU). The recovery rate of
      the 2 methods was not different. Oocyst load at the concentration < 10(2) per 10
      ml yielded unreliable results. Water turbidity at 500 NTU decreased the recovery
      rate of both techniques. The combination of sucrose floatation and
      immunofluorescense assay techniques (SF-FA) showed higher recovery rate than IMS
      and immunofluorescense assay (IMS-FA). We used this SF-FA to detect
      Cryptosporidium and Giardia from the river water samples and found 9 and 19 out
      of 30 (30% and 63.3%) positive, respectively. Our results favored sucrose
      floatation technique enhanced with immunofluorescense assay for detecting
      contaminated protozoa in water samples in general laboratories and in the real
      practical setting.

PMID- 19967083
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of a paramyosin from Clonorchis sinensis.
AB  - Paramyosin is a myofibrillar protein present in helminth parasites and plays
      multifunctional roles in host-parasite interactions. In this study, we identified
      the gene encoding paramyosin of Clonorchis sinensis (CsPmy) and characterized
      biochemical and immunological properties of its recombinant protein. CsPmy showed
      a high level of sequence identity with paramyosin from other helminth parasites.
      Recombinant CsPmy (rCsPmy) expressed in bacteria had an approximate molecular
      weight of 100 kDa and bound both human collagen and complement 9. The protein was
      constitutively expressed in various developmental stages of the parasite.
      Imunofluorescence analysis revealed that CsPmy was mainly localized in the
      tegument, subtegumental muscles, and the muscle layer surrounding the intestine
      of the parasite. The rCsPmy showed high levels of positive reactions (74.6%,
      56/75) against sera from patients with clonorchiasis. Immunization of
      experimental rats with rCsPmy evoked high levels of IgG production. These results
      collectively suggest that CsPmy is a multifunctional protein that not only
      contributes to the muscle layer structure but also to non-muscular functions in
      host-parasite interactions. Successful induction of host IgG production also
      suggests that CsPmy can be applied as a diagnostic antigen and/or vaccine
      candidate for clonorchiasis.

PMID- 19967084
TI  - Morphologic and genetic identification of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in Korea.
AB  - Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense was first described by Yamane in 1986 but the
      taxonomical features have been obscure due to lack of critical morphologic
      criteria in its larval and adult stages. In Korea, this tapeworm had long been
      known as Diphyllobothrium latum. In this study, we observed 62 specimens
      collected from Korean residents and analyzed them by morphological features and
      nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 gene as well as the ITS1 region. Adult
      tapeworms were examined after carmine or trichrome stain. Longitudinal sections
      of the gravid proglottids showed an obtuse angle of about 150 degree between the
      cirrus sac and seminal vesicle. This angle is known as a major differential point
      compared with that of D. latum. Nucleotide sequence differences between D. latum
      and the specimens from Koreans represented 17.3% in mitochondrial DNA cox1 gene.
      Sequence divergence of ITS1 among 4 Korean isolates was 0.3% and similarity was
      99.7% with D. nihonkaiense and D. klebanovskii. All of the Korean specimens
      analyzed in this study were identified as being D. nihonkaiense (n = 62). We
      propose its Korean name as "Dong-hae-gin-chon-chung" which means 'long tapeworm
      of the East Sea' for this newly analyzed diphyllobothriid tapeworm in Korea.

PMID- 19967085
TI  - In vitro screening of anti-lice activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves.
AB  - Growing patterns of pediculocidal drug resistance towards head louse laid the
      foundation for research in exploring novel anti-lice agents from medicinal
      plants. In the present study, various extracts of Pongamia pinnata leaves were
      tested against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. A filter paper diffusion
      method was conducted for determining the potential pediculocidal and ovicidal
      activity of chloroform, petroleum ether, methanol, and water extracts of P.
      pinnata leaves. The findings revealed that petroleum ether extracts possess
      excellent anti-lice activity with values ranging between 50.3% and 100% where as
      chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate pediculocidal effects. The
      chloroform and methanol extracts were also successful in inhibiting nymph
      emergence and the petroleum ether extract was the most effective with a complete
      inhibition of emergence. Water extract was devoid of both pediculocidal and
      ovicidal activities. All the results were well comparable with benzoyl benzoate
      (25% w/v). These results showed the prospect of using P. pinnata leave extracts
      against P. humanus capitis in difficult situations of emergence of resistance to
      synthetic anti-lice agents.

PMID- 19967086
TI  - Geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in
      the Republic of Korea.
AB  - A survey to determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of
      potential vectors of scrub typhus was conducted from October to November 2006 at
      13 localities throughout the Republic of Korea. Apodemus agrarius accounted for
      97.6% (80/82) of all rodents, while only 2 Myodes regulus (2/82) were collected.
      A total of 10,860 chiggers were collected from A. agrarius belonging to 4 genera
      and 8 species, while only Walchia fragilis (40) was collected from Myodes
      regulus. Leptotrombidium pallidum (8,137; 74.9%), a vector of scrub typhus, was
      the predominant species collected from A. agrarius followed by Leptotrombidium
      scutellare (2,057, 18.9%), Leptotrombidium palpale (279; 2.7%), Leptotrombidium
      orientale (232; 2.1%), and Leptotrombidium zetum (79; 0.7%), Neotrombicula
      tamiyai (58; 0.5%), Euschoengastica koreaensis (16; 0.1%), and Cheladonta
      ikaoensis (2; < 0.1%). L. pallidum was the predominant chigger collected at
      collection sites in Gangwon (100%), Gyeonggi (87.2%), Chungnam (100%), Chungbuk
      (100%), Jeonbuk (73.9%), Jeonnam (77.0%), and Gyeongbuk (66.1%) provinces,
      whereas L. scutellare was the predominant chigger collected in Gyeongnam province
      (77.9%) and Jeju Island (62.3%). Data suggest a correlation between chigger
      population abundance and human cases of scrub typhus in Korea.

PMID- 19967087
TI  - Sensitization of children to storage mites in Kutahya, Turkey.
AB  - Specific IgE against Acarus siro, Glycphagus domesticus, Tyrophagus
      putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor have been investigated by ELISA in
      sera of 92 children. Of them, 41 were found to be specific IgE positive (> or =
      0.35 IU/ml) against at least one of house dust mite species, Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, by an immunoblot. In 65.9% of the
      dust mite-sensitized children, specific IgE against at least one of these mite
      species was found. Sensitization levels, including co-sensitization cases were
      found to be 35.7% against A. siro, 24.4% against T. putrescentiae, 31.7% against
      L. destructor, and 26.8% against G. domesticus. In non-sensitized children, dust
      mite sensitization level was found to be 25.5%. Breakdown of sensitization by
      individual species in this group was; against A. siro and T. putrescentiae at
      7.8%, against L. destructor at 13.7%, and against G. domesticus at 9.8%. When all
      children were reckoned, 43.5% was found to be sensitized against at least one
      storage mite species, with sensitizations against A. siro at 18.5%, T.
      putrescentiae at 26.1%, L. destructor at 21.7%, and G. domesticus at 17.4%. In
      dust samples collected from the dwellings of children, distribution of species
      was found to be A. siro (17%), G. domesticus (23%), T. putrescentiae (29%), L.
      destructor (25%), and unidentified (6%). In Fisher's chi-square test on SPSS
      program, there was a relationship between dust mite sensitization and storage
      mite sensitization (P < 0.05), but no meaningful relationship was found on the
      basis of individual mite species.

PMID- 19967088
TI  - Cochlosoma infection in a turkey in Iran.
AB  - Cochlosoma sp. infection was identified in a single case among 60 stunted
      diarrheic native turkey poults, Meleagris galopavo. A large number of the
      flagellated parasites was found free or within the intervillous spaces of the
      jejunum, ileum and cecum. Moderate enteritis was associated with the parasites.
      In TEM studies of the parasagittal sections of the parasite, a prominent ventral
      sucker like disc and flagella emerging from an opening on the ventrodorsal
      surface of the pyriform uninuclear parasite were found. The morphological
      characteristics of this protozoan match with those described for Cochlosoma
      anatis. The parasite could be considered as an intestinal pathogenic protozoan
      causing stunting and diarrhea in turkeys in Iran.

PMID- 19967089
TI  - Orbital dirofilariasis in Iran: a case report.
AB  - Dirofilariasis is a common parasitic disease in both domestic and wild animals
      around the world, with canines as the principal reservoir host and mosquitoes as
      the vector. Human ophthalmic dirofilariasis is an uncommon condition, but there
      have been reports from many parts of the world, including Africa, Australia, the
      Americas, Europe, and Asia. Ophthalmic involvement with Dirofilaria may present
      itself as periorbital, subconjunctival, orbital, or intraocular infections. In
      this report, we present a case of orbital dirofilariasis with lateral rectus
      muscle involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first orbital dirofilariasis
      case reported in Iran. Although debulking of the tumor usually leads to
      resolution, our patient showed an episode of recurrence after biopsy. Complete
      recovery was achieved after a spontaneous discharge, without the need for
      systemic medication.

PMID- 19967090
TI  - A human case of Clinostomum complanatum infection in Korea.
AB  - A 33-year-old Korean man visited a medical clinic with complaints of throat
      discomfort and pain for one week. The symptoms occurred one day after eating raw
      brackish water fish, perch. Endoscopy revealed a fluke, about 5 mm in length,
      attaching to and peristaltically moving on the surface of the mucosa at the
      arytenoid region of the larynx. Microscopically, the testes were triangular,
      tandem, and separated by the uterus. The ovary and cirrus pouch were placed apart
      from median line between testes. Numerous blood cells were observed in the ceca.
      The worm was identified to be Clinostomum complanatum. This is the second human
      case of clinostomiasis in Korea.

PMID- 19967091
TI  - A nasal myiasis in a 76-year-old female in Korea.
AB  - On July 2009, 5 fly larvae were discovered inside the nose of a 76-year-old
      female. She was living in Cheonan-si, and in a state of coma due to rupture of an
      aortic aneurysm. Surgery was performed on the day of admission, and the larvae
      were found 4 days later. By observing their posterior spiracle, the larvae were
      identified as Lucilia sericata. Considering the rapid development of this
      species, the infection was likely acquired during hospitalization. Further
      investigation on the hospital environment should be needed to know the origin of
      the infection.

PMID- 19967092
TI  - Antigenemia and specific IgM and IgG antibody responses in rabbits infected with
      Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - In this experiment, the correlation between antigenemia and specific antibody
      responses in Toxoplasma gondii-infected rabbits was assessed. We injected 1,000
      T. gondii tachyzoites (RH) subcutaneously into 5 rabbits. Parasitemia,
      circulating antigens, and IgM and IgG antibody titers in blood were tested by
      ELISA and immunoblot. For detection of parasitemia, mice were injected with blood
      from rabbits infected with T. gondii and mice died between days 2 and 10 post
      infection (PI). Circulating antigens were detected early on day 2 PI, and the
      titers increased from day 4 PI and peaked on day 12 PI. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM
      antibody titers increased on day 6 PI and peaked on days 14-16 PI. IgG was
      detected from day 10 PI, and the titers increased continuously during the
      experiment. The antigenic protein patterns differed during the infection period,
      and the number of bands increased with ongoing infection by the immunoblot
      analysis. These result indicated that Toxoplasma circulating antigens during
      acute toxoplasmosis are closely related to the presence of parasites in blood.
      Also, the circulating antigen levels were closely correlated with IgM titers, but
      not with IgG titers. Therefore, co-detection of circulating antigens with IgM
      antibodies may improve the reliability of the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 19967093
TI  - Genotype of Toxoplasma gondii from blood of stray cats in Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
AB  - Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii has been performed in 23 PCR positive blood
      samples from stray cats in Korea. We used 2 separate PCR-restriction fragment
      length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of SAG2 gene, amplifying the 5' and 3' ends
      of the locus. The results revealed that all samples belonged to the type I clonal
      lineage. Although T. gondii organisms were not isolated from the samples, the
      results of the present study represent that stray cats with T. gondii infection
      should be seriously concerned in our environment. Adequate and continuous control
      programs of stray cats are needed to reduce the risk of transmission of T. gondii
      as a zoonotic infection threatening the public health.

PMID- 19967094
TI  - Fecal and molecular survey of Neospora caninum in farm and household dogs in
      Mashhad area, Khorasan province, Iran.
AB  - Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. Dog
      is the definitive host for N. caninum and can infect dairy cattle. The aim of
      this study is to determine the prevalence of Neospora oocysts in feces of dogs
      from dairy farms. A total of 174 fecal samples was collected from 89 farm dogs
      and 85 household dogs during 2006 and 2008. Fecal samples of dogs were
      microscopically examined for detecting Hammondia Neospora-like oocysts (HNLO) by
      Mini Parasep SF fecal parasite concentrator. HNLO were microscopically detected
      in 4 fecal samples (2.2%). The fecal samples with HNLO were examined by N.
      caninum-specific PCR. Two of the samples were positive for N. caninum. The 2
      positive fecal samples were selected for inoculation to calves. Two inoculated
      calves were seronegative by ELISA for 4 months post-infection. This is the first
      report of finding N. caninum DNA in feces of farm dogs in Mashhad area, Iran.

PMID- 19967095
TI  - Glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase: novel antioxidant enzymes from
      Plasmodium berghei.
AB  - Malaria parasites adapt to the oxidative stress during their erythrocytic stages
      with the help of vital thioredoxin redox system and glutathione redox system.
      Glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase are important enzymes of these
      redox systems that help parasites to maintain an adequate intracellular redox
      environment. In the present study, activities of glutathione reductase and
      thioredoxin reductase were investigated in normal and Plasmodium berghei-infected
      mice red blood cells and their fractions. Activities of glutathione reductase and
      thioredoxin reductase in P. berghei-infected host erythrocytes were found to be
      higher than those in normal host cells. These enzymes were mainly confined to the
      cytosolic part of cell-free P. berghei. Full characterization and understanding
      of these enzymes may promise advances in chemotherapy of malaria.

PMID- 19967096
TI  - Infection status of freshwater crabs and crayfish with metacercariae of
      Paragonimus westermani in Korea.
AB  - The present study investigated the infection status of Paragonimus westermani
      metacercariae in freshwater crabs (n = 363) and crayfish (n = 31) from October
      2007 to October 2008 using the crush method. All of the freshwater crabs,
      Eriocheir japonicus, were negative for P. westermani metacercariae while 10
      (32.3%) of the 31 examined crayfish were positive. The 10 positive crayfish were
      caught in Haenam, Jeollanam-do, and there were 8-59 (mean 28.4) metacercariae per
      infected crayfish. These results suggest that P. westermani metacercariae are
      still transmitted by crayfish enzootically in southern Korea, and that freshwater
      crabs may transmit metacercariae only on rare occasions.

PMID- 19967097
TI  - Evaluation of two ELISA and two indirect hemagglutination tests for serodiagnosis
      of pulmonary hydatid disease.
AB  - To establish a definite diagnosis for pulmonary hydatid disease, combination of
      radiology and serology is useful. In this study, 19 preoperative sera from
      patients with surgically confirmed pulmonary hydatidosis, 40 sera from patients
      with other parasitosis and pulmonary diseases, and 20 sera from healthy donors
      were evaluated using 4 different serological tests, i.e., the commercial ELISA
      (ELISA-kit) test, the ELISA (ELISA-lab) test prepared in our laboratory, the
      commercial indirect hemagglutination assay kit (IHA-kit) test, and the IHA test
      using sensitized sheep red blood cells with tannic acid (IHA-TA). The ELISA-kit
      was the most sensitive (84.2%) and the most specific test (100.0%). The ELISA-kit
      also demonstrated the highest positive (100.0%) and negative (95.2%) predictive
      values. The sensitivity of the ELISA-lab test, that we prepared, was found to be
      73.6%, whereas the IHA-kit test and the IHA-TA test were found to be 73.6% and
      68.4%, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 96.6%, 98.3%, and 83.3%,
      respectively. When all 4 tests were assessed together, it was found that the
      sensitivity had risen to 94.7%. When the ELISA-kit was assessed with the IHA-kit
      and IHA-TA together, it was found that the sensitivity was 89.5% and 84.2%,
      respectively. Likewise, the combination of the ELISA-lab and IHA-kit or IHA-TA
      allowed us to achieve a sensitivity of 84.2% in cases of pulmonary
      echinococcosis. In conclusion, the diagnosis would be imminent if least 2 tests
      were applied together.

PMID- 19967098
TI  - A methodology for the selection of a routine purity test for insoluble beta(1-
      >3)glucan.
AB  - Beta(1-->3)glucan isolated from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a
      biological response modifier (BRM) stimulating resistance against bacterial,
      viral, fungal and protozoal diseases. This polysaccharide has a high molecular
      weight, which makes it very difficult to achieve a purity test. A comparative
      study of different analytical procedures for beta(1-->3)glucan from S. cerevisiae
      was conducted in order to establish a reliable routine analytical methodology for
      quality control of this active ingredient in pharmaceutical products. With this
      aim, different combinations of the analytical procedure steps were tested,
      including three alternatives for the acid hydrolysis step, three for
      neutralization, two for gas-liquid chromatographic derivatization and two
      internal standards. The glucose yield, precision, time consumption and reagent
      cost per sample were determined for 10 sample replicates. All gas chromatographic
      determinations were conducted using packed GLC columns and an FID detector. The
      selected analytical method showed 83.61 +/- 3.48% glucose yield, the shortest
      relative time consumption (54.2%) and the lowest cost of reagents (7.4%) and
      consisted of a combination of 72% sulfuric acid hydrolysis, 25% ammonium
      hydroxide neutralization and alditol acetate derivatization using xylose as
      internal standard.

PMID- 19967099
TI  - Effect of vineatrol in focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
AB  - The present study was carried out to examine the effect of administration of
      vineatrol in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model of stroke in rats.
      Rats were anesthetized using chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg i.p.) and subjected to 2
      h of transient MCA occlusion. Vineatrol was administered at doses of 10, 20 and
      40 mg/kg i.p. to different groups. In total, four injections of vineatrol were
      given, i.e., at the time of MCA occlusion, 1 h after MCA occlusion, at the time
      of reperfusion and 30 min after reperfusion. Neurological deficit and motor
      performance tests (grip, foot fault, rotarod performance, spontaneous locomotor
      activity tests) were carried out 24 h after MCA occlusion. Thereafter, the rats
      were sacrificed to estimate markers of oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA),
      reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A vehicle-treated group
      was also run in parallel. Vineatrol at the dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. neither improved
      neurological deficits nor decreased the elevated level of MDA compared with
      vehicle-treated MCA-occluded rats. However, higher doses of vineatrol (20 and 40
      mg/kg i.p.) afforded significant protection, as shown by the increase in scoring
      on motor performance tests and significant attenuation of the elevated MDA level
      observed after MCA occlusion. Levels of GSH and SOD were significantly increased.
      The results demonstrate that administration of vineatrol is able to reduce the
      neuronal damage caused by focal ischemia in the MCA occlusion model of stroke in
      rats.

PMID- 19967100
TI  - Immunopotentiating effect of Khamira Marwarid, an herbo-mineral preparation.
AB  - This study investigated the immunopotentiating effect of Khamira Marwarid (KM),
      an herbo-mineral Unani preparation, in an animal model. KM was administered to
      mice orally at a dose level of 2 g/kg body weight for 5, 10, 15 or 30 days,
      following which the animals were sacrificed for hematology and immune function
      testing, including lymphoid organ weight and cellularity. The group of animals
      receiving KM showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the relative organ
      (spleen and thymus) weight. Cellularity of the spleen and bone marrow also
      increased significantly (P < 0.01). Groups receiving KM for 10 and 15 days showed
      an increase in hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs) and total white blood cells
      (WBCs) (P < 0.01). The humoral immune response, evaluated by the plaque-forming
      cell (PFC) assay after challenging the mice with goat RBCs, was better in all
      treated groups when compared to controls. Maximum hemagglutination titer was
      obtained in mice treated with KM for 15 days. Ovalbumin-specific serum IgG levels
      in the treated mice also increased significantly (P < 0.01), suggesting an
      immunopotentiating effect for the preparation. Administration of KM resulted in
      elevated levels of IgG2a and IgG2b. A comparison of anti-ovalbumin IgE and IgG
      was also done; anti-ovalbumin IgE decreased, with a concomitant increase in anti
      ovalbumin IgG. Administration of KM for 10 or 15 days elicited an increase in the
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Taken together, the results suggest
      an immunostimulatory effect for KM through a mechanism leading to a Th1-dominant
      immune state.

PMID- 19967101
TI  - Influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on gastroprotection in
      stress-induced gastric mucosal ulcers in rats.
AB  - In the process of evolution a number of complicated mechanisms have developed to
      protect the gastric mucous membrane, e.g., angiogenesis and stimulation of
      mucosal growth. The aim of this study was to determine the role of vascular
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF) administered intraperitoneally in the
      gastroprotective response to stress-induced acute gastric ulcers in rats. A
      dramatic increase in the number of blood vessels was observed when VEGF was
      injected 24 h before stress exposure. Gastric secretion, depth of ulceration and
      ulceration index decreased significantly after VEGF application. The results
      demonstrate the gastroprotective effect of VEGF on stress-induced ulceration.

PMID- 19967102
TI  - Postmarketing cohort study to assess the safety profile of oral dexketoprofen
      trometamol for mild to moderate acute pain treatment in primary care.
AB  - Recently, new concerns on the safety profile of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs (NSAIDs) have been raised by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) and other
      regulatory authorities. The safety profile of oral dexketoprofen trometamol for
      the treatment of acute mild to moderate pain of different causes in actual
      conditions of use in the primary care setting was assessed. A prospective cohort
      study was designed to evaluate the tolerability of dexketoprofen compared with
      other commonly prescribed analgesics. Medications were given according to
      specifications in the summary of product characteristics. The intensity of pain
      was assessed at baseline and at days 1 and 7 of drug treatment using a 100-mm
      visual analog scale (VAS). Adverse events (AEs) were recorded. A total of 7,337
      patients (median age [IQR] = 46 [33-61] years) were included in the study
      comparing dexketoprofen (n = 5,429), diclofenac (n = 485), ibuprofen (n = 479),
      paracetamol (n = 459), metamizole (n = 207), aceclofenac (n = 103), naproxen (n =
      74), piroxicam (n = 69) and dexibuprofen (n = 32). The reasons for use were:
      musculoskeletal disorders, headache, dysmenorrhea and odontalgia. Treatment
      compliance was very high. Metamizole-paracetamol and dexketoprofen showed the
      lowest prevalence of AEs (2.7% and 3.6%, respectively), while aceclofenac
      diclofenac showed the highest prevalence (8.2%) (P < 0.0001). AEs most frequently
      observed during NSAID treatment were those related to the gastrointestinal tract
      (3.5% of subjects, 84% of all AEs), followed by AEs related to the nervous system
      (0.4%) and skin (0.1%). Most of the reported AEs (91.3%) were of mild to moderate
      intensity (303 of 332) and only 3.3% of them were considered severe (11 of 332).
      Risks for gastrointestinal AEs were adjusted for age, gender, history of previous
      NSAID intake, gastroprotective drugs and reason for prescription. Taking
      metamizole-paracetamol as the reference group, the odds ratios (OR, 95%) were:
      1.30 (0.77-2.19) for dexketoprofen, 1.57 (0.79-3.13) for ibuprofen and
      dexibuprofen, 2.31 (0.64-8.27) for naproxen, 2.63 (0.85-8.15) for piroxicam and
      3.37 (1.87-6.06) for aceclofenac-diclofenac. These results confirm the safety of
      oral treatment with dexketoprofen in patients with acute pain of various
      etiologies observed in previous studies and support the use of dexketoprofen as a
      first-line drug for the approved therapeutic indications.

PMID- 19967108
TI  - It's the economy...

PMID- 19967103
TI  - Gateways to clinical trials.
AB  - [Methoxy-11c]PD-153035; Afamelanotide, Agalsidase beta, Alemtuzumab, Alkaline
      phosphatase, Amlodipine, Anecortave acetate, Apixaban, Aripiprazole, Atomoxetine
      hydrochloride; Bevacizumab, Bortezomib, Bosentan, Botulinum toxin type B,
      Brimonidine tartrate/timolol maleate, Brivudine; Canakinumab, Cetuximab,
      Chlorotoxin, Cinaciguat; Dapagliflozin, Decitabine, Duloxetine hydrochloride;
      Elagolix sodium, Eplerenone, Eritoran tetrasodium, Escitalopram oxalate,
      Etoricoxib, Ezetimibe; Fospropofol disodium; G-207, Gabapentin enacarbil,
      Gefitinib, Golimumab; Human plasmin; Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Insulin glargine,
      Insulin glulisine, Istaroxime, Ixabepilone; KLH; Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone;
      Miglustat, Mitumprotimut-T, MP-470; Oblimersen sodium, Olmesartan medoxomil; P53
      SLP, PAN-811, Patupilone, Pazopanib hydrochloride, PC-515, Peginterferon alfa-2a,
      Pegylated arginine deiminase 20000, Pemetrexed disodium, Plitidepsin, Pregabalin;
      Rasagiline mesilate, Rotigotine; SCH-697243, Sirolimus-eluting stent, Sumatriptan
      succinate/naproxen sodium, Sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, Tapentadol hydrochloride,
      TMC-207; V-211, Valganciclovir hydrochloride; Zolpidem tartrate.

PMID- 19967109
TI  - Cutting edge: thin, lightweight, foldable thermochromic displays on paper.

PMID- 19967110
TI  - Automated high-throughput cell microsurgery on-chip.
AB  - Laser cell kill is an established tool for studying cells' roles during
      development and behavior, but its use has been limited due to the manual and low
      throughput nature. We demonstrate here a technique combining multiplexing
      microfluidic manipulation of Caenorhabditis elegans and software for image
      processing and automation, allowing for high-throughput cell ablations.

PMID- 19967111
TI  - A multi-color fast-switching microfluidic droplet dye laser.
AB  - We describe a multi-color microfluidic dye laser operating in whispering gallery
      mode based on a train of alternating droplets containing solutions of different
      dyes; this laser is capable of switching the wavelength of its emission between
      580 nm and 680 nm at frequencies up to 3.6 kHz-the fastest among all dye lasers
      reported; it has potential applications in on-chip spectroscopy and flow
      cytometry.

PMID- 19967112
TI  - Stretching chromatin through confinement.
AB  - We present a method for the stretching of chromatin molecules in nanofluidic
      channels width a cross-section of about 80 x 80 nm(2), and hundreds of microns
      long. The stretching of chromatin to about 12 basepairs/nm enables location
      resolved optical investigation of the nucleic material with a resolution of up to
      6 kbp. The stretching is based on the equilibrium elongation that polymers
      experience when they are introduced into nanofluidic channels that are narrower
      than the Flory coil corresponding to the whole chromatin molecule. We investigate
      whether the elongation of reconstituted chromatin can be described by the de
      Gennes model. We compare nanofluidic stretching of bare DNA and chromatin of
      equal genomic length, and find that chromatin is 2.5 times more compact in its
      stretched state.

PMID- 19967113
TI  - Thin, lightweight, foldable thermochromic displays on paper.
AB  - This article describes an electronic display that is fabricated by patterning
      electrically conductive wires (heaters) with micron-scale dimensions on one side
      of a sheet of paper, and thermochromic ink on the opposite side. Passing
      electrical current through the wires heats the paper and changes the
      thermochromic ink from colored (black, green, or other colors) to transparent;
      this change in property reveals the paper underneath the ink-exposing any
      messages printed on the paper-and serves as the basis for a two-state "shutter"
      display. This type of display is thin (100 microm), flat, lightweight (the
      display weighs <20 mg/cm(2)), can be folded, rolled, twisted, and creased while
      maintaining function, and ultimately can (if required) be disposed of by
      incineration. The display is appropriate for applications where information must
      be presented clearly (usually only once) for little cost (each display costs
      <$0.10/m(2) in materials) and where limited electrical power is available.

PMID- 19967114
TI  - An acoustically-driven biochip - impact of flow on the cell-association of
      targeted drug carriers.
AB  - The interaction of targeted drug carriers with epithelial and endothelial
      barriers in vivo is largely determined by the dynamics of the body fluids. To
      simulate these conditions in binding assays, a fully biocompatible in vitro model
      was developed which can accurately mimic a wide range of physiological flow
      conditions on a thumbnail-format cell-chip. This acoustically-driven microfluidic
      system was used to study the interaction characteristics of protein-coated
      particles with cells. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles (2.9
      +/- 1 microm) were conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-MP, cytoadhesive
      protein) or bovine serum albumin (BSA-MP, non-specific protein) and their binding
      to epithelial cell monolayers was investigated under stationary and flow
      conditions. While mean numbers of 1500 +/- 307 mm(-2) WGA-MP and 94 +/- 64 mm(-2)
      BSA-MP respectively were detected to be cell-bound in the stationary setup,
      incubation at increasing flow velocities increasingly antagonized the attachment
      of both types of surface-modified particles. However, while binding of BSA-MP was
      totally inhibited by flow, grafting with WGA resulted in a pronounced anchoring
      effect. This was indicated by a mean number of 747 +/- 241 mm(-2) and 104 +/- 44
      mm(-2) attached particles at shear rates of 0.2 s(-1) and 1 s(-1) respectively.
      Due to the compactness of the fluidic chip which favours parallelization, this
      setup represents a highly promising approach towards a screening platform for the
      performance of drug delivery vehicles under physiological flow conditions. In
      this regard, the flow-chip is expected to provide substantial information for the
      successful design and development of targeted micro- and nanoparticulate drug
      carrier systems.

PMID- 19967115
TI  - Localized heating on silicon field effect transistors: device fabrication and
      temperature measurements in fluid.
AB  - We demonstrate electrically addressable localized heating in fluid at the
      dielectric surface of silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistors via radio
      frequency Joule heating of mobile ions in the Debye layer. Measurement of fluid
      temperatures in close vicinity to surfaces poses a challenge due to the localized
      nature of the temperature profile. To address this, we developed a localized
      thermometry technique based on the fluorescence decay rate of covalently attached
      fluorophores to extract the temperature within 2 nm of any oxide surface. We
      demonstrate precise spatial control of voltage dependent temperature profiles on
      the transistor surfaces. Our results introduce a new dimension to present sensing
      systems by enabling dual purpose silicon transistor-heaters that serve both as
      field effect sensors as well as temperature controllers that could perform
      localized bio-chemical reactions in Lab on Chip applications.

PMID- 19967117
TI  - Low cost and manufacturable complete microTAS for detecting bacteria.
AB  - In this paper, we present a fully integrated lab-on-a-chip and associated
      instrument for the detection of bacteria from liquid samples. The system conducts
      bacterial lysis, nucleic acid isolation and concentration, polymerase chain
      reaction (PCR), and end-point fluorescent detection. To enable truly low-cost
      manufacture of the single-use disposable chip, we designed the plastic chip in a
      planar format without any active components to be amenable to injection molding
      and utilized a novel porous polymer monolith (PPM) embedded with silica that has
      been shown to lyse bacteria and isolate the nucleic acids from clinical samples
      (M. D. Kulinski, M. Mahalanabis, S. Gillers, J. Y. Zhang, S. Singh and C. M.
      Klapperich, Biomed. Microdevices, 2009, 11, 671-678).(1) The chip is made of
      Zeonex(R), a thermoplastic with a high melting temperature to allow PCR, good UV
      transmissibility for UV-curing of the PPM, and low auto-fluorescence for
      fluorescence detection of the amplicon. We have built a prototype instrument to
      automate control of the fluids, temperature cycling, and optical detection with
      the capability of accommodating various chip designs. To enable fluid control
      without including valves or pumps on the chip, we utilized a remote valve
      switching technique. To allow fluid flow rate changes on the valveless chip, we
      incorporated speed changing fluid reservoirs. The PCR thermal cycling was
      achieved with a ceramic heater and air cooling, while end-point fluorescence
      detection was accomplished with an optical spectrometer; all integrated in the
      instrument. The chip seamlessly and automatically is mated to the instrument
      through an interface block that presses against the chip. The interface block
      aligns and ensures good contact of the chip to the temperature controlled region
      and the optics. The integrated functionality of the chip was demonstrated using
      Bacillus subtilis as a model bacterial target. A Taqman assay was employed on
      chip to detect the isolated bacterial DNA.

PMID- 19967116
TI  - Temporal analysis of protozoan lysis in a microfluidic device.
AB  - A microfluidic device was fabricated and characterized for studying cell lysis of
      Arcella vulgaris, a nonpathogenic amoeba, over time. The device contains a series
      of chambers which capture cells allowing them to be subsequently exposed to a
      constant flow of biocidal agent. With this microfluidic system, individual cells
      are observed as they undergo lysis. This allows high-throughput measurements of
      individual lysis events, which are not possible with conventional techniques.
      Differences in lysis and decay times for Arcella were seen at different flow
      rates and concentrations of benzalkonium chloride, a biocidal detergent. The
      efficacy of benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate, phenol, sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, and Triton X-100 were compared, revealing information on their
      mechanisms of action. The presented device allows cell capture, controlled
      exposure to chemical biocides, and observation of lysis with single-cell
      resolution. Observations at the single cell level give insight into the
      mechanistic details of the lysis of individual Arcella cells vs. the population;
      decay times for individual Arcella cells were much shorter when compared to a
      population of 15 cells.

PMID- 19967118
TI  - Cell lysis and DNA extraction of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from
      whole blood in a disposable microfluidic chip.
AB  - Sepsis caused by gram positive and gram negative bacteria is the leading cause of
      death in noncoronary ICUs and the tenth leading cause of death in the United
      States. We have developed a microfluidic sample preparation platform for rapid on
      chip detection of infectious organisms for point-of-care diagnostics. The
      microfluidic chips are made of a robust thermoplastic and can be easily
      multiplexed for high throughput applications. Bacteria are lysed on-chip via
      hybrid chemical/mechanical method. Once lysed, the bacterial DNA is isolated
      using a microscale silica bead/polymer composite solid-phase-extraction (SPE)
      column. Lysis was confirmed using off-chip real time PCR. We isolated and
      detected both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive
      (Bacillussubtilis and Enterococcus faecalis) bacterial genomic DNA from
      microliter scale spiked whole human blood samples. The system performs better for
      gram-negative bacteria than it does for gram-positive bacteria, with limits of
      detection at 10(2) CFU/ml and 10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml, respectively. Total extraction
      times are less than one hour and can be further decreased by altering the channel
      geometry and pumping configuration.

PMID- 19967119
TI  - Fluorimetric lead detection in a microfluidic device.
AB  - A microfabricated device has been developed for the selective detection of lead
      in water. It is based on the use of a selective and sensitive fluorescent
      molecular sensor for lead (Calix-DANS4) which contains a calix[4]arene bearing
      four dansyl groups. The microchip-based lead sensor contains a Y-shape
      microchannel equipped with a passive mixer and moulded on a glass substrate. An
      optimization of the microcircuit length has been performed in order to have a
      full complexation of the Calix-DANS4. The detection is performed by using a
      configuration in which the sensing molecules are excited by two optical fibres,
      each one connected to a 365 nm UV LED, and the light collection is made by
      another optical fibre with a photomultiplier. By using this configuration we have
      shown the possibility to detect lead with a detection limit of 5 ppb. The effect
      of interfering cations such as calcium has been evaluated. The obtained
      measurements have been validated by an alternative method (ASV).

PMID- 19967120
TI  - Parallelized edge-based droplet generation (EDGE) devices.
AB  - We here report on three parallelized designs of the new edge-based droplet
      generation mechanism, which, unlike existing mechanisms, produces many equally
      sized droplets simultaneously at a single droplet formation unit. Operation of
      the scaled-out systems is straight forward; only the oil inlet pressure has to be
      controlled to let all the units produce oil droplets, given certain basic design
      constraints. For systems with a typical nozzle depth of 1.2 microm, the mean
      droplet diameter is 7.5 microm and the coefficient of variation is below 10%. The
      number of droplets that is formed per unit can easily be increased by increasing
      the length of the unit. The stable pressure range in which monodisperse droplets
      are formed can be extended by small adjustments to the design. Overall, the EDGE
      devices are simple in design and robust in use, making them suitable for massive
      outscaling.

PMID- 19967121
TI  - Magneto-mechanical mixing and manipulation of picoliter volumes in vesicles.
AB  - Superparamagnetic beads in giant unilamellar vesicles are used to facilitate
      magnetic manipulation, positioning, agitation and mixing of ultrasmall liquid
      volumes. Vesicles act as leakproof picoliter reaction vessels in an aqueous bulk
      solution and can be deliberately conveyed by an external magnetic field to a
      designated position. Upon application of an external magnetic field the beads
      align to form extended chains. In a rotating magnetic field chains break up into
      smaller fragments caused by the interplay of viscous friction and magnetic
      attraction. This process obeys a simple relationship and can be exploited to
      enhance mixing of the vesicle content and the outer solution or adjacent vesicle
      volumes exactly at the position of release.

PMID- 19967122
TI  - DEP actuation of emulsion jets and dispensing of sub-nanoliter emulsion droplets.
AB  - Liquid Dielectrophoresis (L-DEP) has been successfully leveraged at microscopic
      scales and shown to provide a controllable means of on-chip precision dispensing
      and manipulation of sub-nanoliter single emulsion droplets. In this paper, we
      report on the dynamics of a DEP actuated emulsion jet prior to break-up and
      compare its characteristic behavior based on the lumped parameter model of Jones
      et al. (R. Ahmed and T. B. Jones, J. Micromech. Microeng., 2007, 17, 1052).
      Furthermore, features and aspects of these emulsion jets, their break-up and
      formation of sub-nanoliter emulsion droplets is studied in further detail.
      Applications of the proposed scheme in dispensing encapsulated sub-nanoliter
      droplets is envisioned in various fields including microTAS, on-chip handling and
      storage of cells and other biological samples for longer duration in controlled
      environments as well as solving the more general encapsulation issues in surface
      microfluidic devices. Scalability of the proposed scheme is shown by producing
      controlled sample-oil single emulsion droplets (aqueous samples in oil) in the
      range of 50-400 picoliters.

PMID- 19967123
TI  - Optofluidic encapsulation and manipulation of silicon microchips using image
      processing based optofluidic maskless lithography and railed microfluidics.
AB  - We demonstrate optofluidic encapsulation of silicon microchips using image
      processing based optofluidic maskless lithography and manipulation using railed
      microfluidics. Optofluidic maskless lithography is a dynamic photopolymerization
      technique of free-floating microstructures within a fluidic channel using spatial
      light modulator. Using optofluidic maskless lithography via computer-vision aided
      image processing, polymer encapsulants are fabricated for chip protection and
      guiding-fins for efficient chip conveying within a fluidic channel. Encapsulated
      silicon chips with guiding-fins are assembled using railed microfluidics, which
      is an efficient guiding and heterogeneous self-assembly system of
      microcomponents. With our technology, externally fabricated silicon microchips
      are encapsulated, fluidically guided and self-assembled potentially enabling low
      cost fluidic manipulation and assembly of integrated circuits.

PMID- 19967124
TI  - Electrospun light-emitting nanofibers as excitation source in microfluidic
      devices.
AB  - We introduce the integration of organic, polarised light-emitting electrospun
      nanofibers and lab-on-a-chip microchannel geometries. The alignment and spinning
      electric field leads to ordered mesoscopic active areas, up to many mm(2), which
      exhibit polarised light emission and are fully compatible with microlithographies
      and microfluidics. We utilise the nanofibers demonstrating the photo-excitation
      of flowing dye chromophores in microchannels. This leads to easy decoupling the
      excitation and sample emission by polarisation analysers, thus remarkably
      increasing the imaging signal to background noise ratio.

PMID- 19967127
TI  - Emotional and psychological coping after venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 19967128
TI  - Can vaccination for common respiratory viruses decrease the incidence of venous
      thromboembolism?

PMID- 19967129
TI  - Between microbial attack and defence: the endothelium as a vulnerable player in
      infectious diseases.

PMID- 19967130
TI  - Organ- and endotheliotropism of Nipah virus infections in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that was first isolated in
      1999 during an outbreak in Malaysia. In contrast to other paramyxoviruses NiV
      infects many mammalian species. Because of its zoonotic potential, the high
      pathogenicity and the lack of therapeutic treatment, NiV was classified as a
      biosafety level 4 pathogen. In humans NiV causes a severe acute encephalitis
      whereas in some animal hosts respiratory symptoms are predominantly observed.
      Despite the differences in the clinical outcome, microvascular endothelial cell
      damage predominantly underlies the pathological changes in NiV infections in all
      susceptible host species. NiV generally induces a pronounced vasculitis which is
      primarily characterised by endothelial cell necrosis and inflammatory cell
      infiltration. For future developments of specific antiviral therapies or
      vaccines, a detailed understanding of the molecular basis of NiV pathogenesis is
      required. This article reviews the current knowledge about natural and
      experimental infections in different mammals, focusing on the main organ and cell
      tropism in vivo, and summarises some recent studies in cell culture on the role
      of ephrin-B2 and -B3 receptors in NiV infection of endothelial cells.

PMID- 19967131
TI  - The role of the vascular endothelium in arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers.
AB  - Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) caused by arenaviruses are among the most
      devastating emerging human diseases. The most important pathogen among the
      arenaviruses is Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever that is
      endemic to West Africa. On the South American continent, the New World arenavirus
      Junin virus (JUNV), Machupo (MACV), Guanarito (GTOV), and Sabia virus (SABV) have
      emerged as causative agents of severe VHFs. Clinical and experimental studies on
      arenavirus VHF have revealed a crucial role of the endothelium in their
      pathogenesis. However, in contrast to other VHFs, haemorrhages are not a salient
      feature of Lassa fever and fatal cases do not show overt destruction of vascular
      tissue. The functional alteration of the vascular endothelium that precede shock
      and death in fatal Lassa fever may be due to more subtle direct or indirect
      effects of the virus on endothelial cells. Haemorrhagic disease manifestations
      and vascular involvement are more pronounced in the VHF caused by the South
      American haemorrhagic fever viruses. Recent studies on JUNV revealed perturbation
      of specific endothelial cell function, including expression of cell adhesion
      molecules, coagulation factors, and vasoactive mediators as a consequence of
      productive viral infection. These studies provided first possible links to some
      of the vascular abnormalities observed in patients, however, their relevance in
      vivo remains to be investigated.

PMID- 19967132
TI  - Hantavirus regulation of endothelial cell functions.
AB  - Hantaviruses cause two vascular permeability-based diseases and primarily infect
      endothelial cells which form the primary fluid barrier of the vasculature. Since
      hantavirus infections are not lytic, the mechanisms by which hantaviruses cause
      haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
      (HPS) are indeterminate. HPS is associated with acute pulmonary oedema and HFRS
      with moderate haemorrhage and renal sequelae, perhaps reflecting the location of
      vast microvascular beds and endothelial cell reservoirs available for hantavirus
      infection. Endothelial cells regulate capillary integrity, and hantavirus
      infection provides a primary means for altering vascular permeability that
      contributes to pathogenesis. The central importance of endothelial cells in
      regulating oedema, vascular repair, angiogenesis, immune cell recruitment,
      platelet deposition as well as gas exchange and solute delivery suggest that a
      multitude of inputs and cellular responses may be influenced by hantavirus
      infection and contribute to pathogenic changes in vascular permeability. Here we
      focus on understanding hantavirus interactions with endothelial cells which are
      linked to vascular permeability, and provide insight into the contribution of
      endothelial cell responses in hantavirus pathogenesis.

PMID- 19967134
TI  - Systemic spread of measles virus: overcoming the epithelial and endothelial
      barriers.
AB  - As the major entry receptor, signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM,
      CD150) essentially determines the tropism of measles virus (MV) for immune cells.
      This receptor is of considerable importance for the induction of immunomodulation
      and -suppression, and for the systemic spread of MV to organs including secondary
      lymphoid tissues, the skin, the respiratory tract, and the brain predominantly
      via infected cells of the immune system. But how does the virus cross the
      epithelial barrier during initiation of the infection, the blood organ barriers
      formed by endothelial cells, and the epithelial barrier from within, when virus
      will be released from the host? Additional unknown receptor(s) on CD150-negative
      epithelial and endothelial cells have been postulated. However, it has also been
      postulated (and demonstrated in macaques) that the initial infection is
      independent from usage of this receptor, and that the first target cells appear
      to be CD150-positive cells in the epithelium. For later stages of the infection,
      for virus release from the host, it is claimed that this unknown receptor on
      epithelial cells is required for crossing the barrier from within. The
      endothelial cell barrier must be crossed from the apical (luminal) to the
      basolateral (abluminal) side to carry the infection to organs and the skin.
      However, infected leukocytes are impaired in several functions including
      transmigration through endothelial cells. The infection may spread via cell
      contact-mediated infection of endothelial cells and basolateral virus release, or
      via migration of infected leukocytes.

PMID- 19967135
TI  - Endothelial cells in human cytomegalovirus infection: one host cell out of many
      or a crucial target for virus spread?
AB  - Endothelial cells (EC) are assumed to play a central role in the spread of human
      cytomegalovirus (HCMV) throughout the body. Results from in-situ analyses of
      infected tissues and data from cell culture systems together strongly suggest
      that vascular EC can support productive replication of HCMV and thus contribute
      to its haematogeneous dissemination. By inducing an angiogenic response, HCMV may
      even promote growth of its own habitat. The particular role of EC is further
      supported by the fact that entry of HCMV into EC is dependent on a complex of the
      envelope glycoproteins gH and gL with a set of proteins (UL128-131A) which is
      dispensable for HCMV entry into most other cell types. These molecular
      requirements may also be reflected by cell type-dependent differences in entry
      routes, i.e. endocytosis versus fusion at the plasma membrane. An animal model
      with trackable murine CMV is now available to clarify the pathogenetic role of EC
      during haematogeneous dissemination of this virus.

PMID- 19967133
TI  - Plasma leakage in dengue haemorrhagic fever.
AB  - Dengue viruses (DENV), a group of four serologically distinct but related
      flaviviruses, are the cause of one of the most important emerging viral diseases.
      DENV infections result in a wide spectrum of clinical disease including dengue
      haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a viral haemorrhagic disease characterised by bleeding
      and plasma leakage. The characteristic feature of DHF is the transient period of
      plasma leakage and a haemorrhagic tendency. DHF occurs mostly during a secondary
      DENV infection. Serotype cross-reactive antibodies and mediators from serotype
      cross-reactive Dengue-specific T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis.
      A complex interaction between virus, host immune response and endothelial cells
      likely impacts the barrier integrity and functions of endothelial cells leading
      to plasma leakage. Recently the role of angiogenic factors and the role of dengue
      virus on endothelial cell transcription and functions have been studied. Insights
      into the mechanisms that confer protection or cause disease are critical in the
      development of prophylactic and therapeutic modalities for this important
      disease.

PMID- 19967136
TI  - Chlamydia pneumoniae adversely modulates vascular cell properties by direct
      interaction with signalling cascades.
AB  - Due to its dependence on intracellular development Chlamydia pneumoniae has
      developed numerous strategies to create an adequate environment within its host
      cells ensuring both chlamydial reproduction and target cell survival. The
      bacterium that has been related to atherogenesis due to its presence in vascular
      tissue is able to enter a persistent state of chronic infection in the
      vasculature that escapes antibiotic targeting. Ingestion of the bacterium results
      in severe modifications and reprogramming of signalling pathways and the
      metabolism of the host cell. Processes range from the prevention of direct
      lysosomal destruction of chlamydial inclusions to the inhibition of host cell
      apoptosis and an enhanced cellular glucose uptake to maintain energy-consuming
      mechanisms. Furthermore, infection regularly causes the development of a
      proinflammatory and proproliferative phenotype in the host cell in vitro, ex vivo
      and in vivo and own new findings suggest a detrimental proliferative loop within
      vascular cells upon a modified endothelin-1 axis demonstrating a potential for
      proatherosclerotic processes in early and progressed atherosclerosis. This review
      displays crucial mechanisms of Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced interactions with
      vascular host cell signalling cascades with an emphasis on mitogenic and
      inflammatory processes as well as target cell activation.

PMID- 19967139
TI  - Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial
      understanding.
AB  - Cerebral malaria is an acute encephalopathy evolving from an infection with
      Plasmodium falciparum which kills more than one million people each year. Brain
      tissues from patients who died with cerebral malaria revealed multifocal
      capillary obstruction by parasitised red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes.
      Many studies are unified in their proposal of two major hypotheses consisting of
      cell adhesion to the brain endothelium and excessive immune stimulation resulting
      in further vascular inflammation, prothrombotic cell activation, mechanical
      obstruction of cerebral capillaries and, consequently, blood-brain barrier
      disruption. Platelets and endothelial cells communicate on multiple levels.
      Infection-induced changes in platelets and endothelial cells occur in cerebral
      malaria, resulting in their concomitant activation, increased interactions
      between these two cell types, and a secondary procoagulant or hypercoagulable
      state. Here we review evidence for these mechanisms and highlight the possible
      role of platelets as effectors of endothelial damage in cerebral malaria. A
      better understanding of the complex regulation of these various interactions
      between brain endothelial cells and platelets in the context of cerebral malaria
      may prove useful in the development of new approaches to the treatment of this
      disease.

PMID- 19967137
TI  - Infection of the endothelium by members of the order Rickettsiales.
AB  - The vascular endothelium is the main target of a limited number of infectious
      agents, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia ruminantium, and Orientia tsutsugamushi are among
      them. These arthropod-transmitted obligately-intracellular bacteria cause serious
      systemic diseases that are not infrequently lethal. In this review, we discuss
      the bacterial biology, vector biology, and clinical aspects of these conditions
      with particular emphasis on the interactions of these bacteria with the vascular
      endothelium and how it responds to intracellular infection. The study of these
      bacteria in relevant in vivo models is likely to offer new insights into the
      physiology of the endothelium that have not been revealed by other models.

PMID- 19967138
TI  - Vacuolisation of human microvascular endothelial cells by enterohaemorrhagic
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome
      (HUS), a thrombotic microangiopathy resulting from endothelial injury in the
      renal glomeruli and other organs. EHEC virulence factors that damage the
      microvascular endothelium play therefore major roles in the pathogenesis of HUS.
      We identified an EHEC strain that vacuolates and kills primary human glomerular
      microvascular endothelial cells (GMVECs) and a human brain microvascular
      endothelial cell (HBMEC) line. Because the vacuolating effect closely resembles
      those elicited on other cells by the vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori
      (VacA), we designated the factor responsible for this effect EHEC vacuolating
      cytotoxin (EHEC-Vac). EHEC-Vac (a secreted non-serine protease protein) binds to
      HBMECs rapidly and irreversibly, vacuolates within 30 min after exposure and the
      effect is maximally apparent at 48 h. Despite the vacuolisation, HBMECs survive
      for several days before they undergo necrosis. Electron and immunofluorescence
      microscopy demonstrate that the vacuoles induced by EHEC-Vac originate from
      lysosomes. Accordingly, they stain with neutral red indicating an acidic
      microenvironment. Similar to VacA, the EHEC-Vac-mediated vacuolisation is both
      prevented and reverted by the vacuolar proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1,
      suggesting a similar mechanism of vacuole formation by these toxins. Despite the
      similarity of phenotypes elicited by EHEC-Vac and VacA, genomic DNA from the EHEC
      Vac-producing strain failed to hybridise to a vacA probe, as well as to probes
      derived from presently known E. coli vacuolating toxins. Through its
      microvascular endothelium-injuring potential combined with the ability to induce
      interleukin 6 release from these cells EHEC-Vac might contribute to the
      pathogenesis of HUS.

PMID- 19967140
TI  - Role of Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors and RIG-I-like receptors in
      endothelial cells and systemic infections.
AB  - Bacteraemia and viraemia are characterised by pathogens entering the bloodstream.
      Endothelial cells are among the first cells coming into contact with the microbes
      and also some endogenous molecules which are released by tissue damage. As part
      of the innate immune system, endothelial cells respond to these contacts by
      producing inflammatory mediators and expressing surface molecules. The initial
      sensing of microbial and endogenous danger-associated molecules is mediated by so
      called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs can be classified in different
      protein families such as the Toll-like receptors, the NOD-like receptors and the
      RIG-I-like receptors. By activating inflammatory gene transcription and
      posttranslational processing, PRRs control the immediate innate immune reaction
      and also the subsequent adaptive immune response. Here we describe the current
      knowledge of extra- and intracellular PRRs in endothelial cells and their
      potential role in sepsis and vascular diseases.

PMID- 19967141
TI  - Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effector mechanisms in human endothelial
      cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase versus inducible nitric oxide synthase.
AB  - In infectious diseases, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is generally accepted as one
      of the most important inducers of antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects, and
      both seemingly contradictory effects, can be mediated by the same effector
      molecules. In detail, several IFN-gamma induced enzymes such as the inducible
      nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)
      also exert this double function. In this review we focus on antimicrobial and
      immunoregulatory properties of both enzymes expressed by human endothelial cells,
      which are prominent players in infectious diseases, tumour immunology and
      transplant medicine.

PMID- 19967142
TI  - The contribution of systems biology and reverse genetics to the understanding of
      Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus pathogenesis in endothelial cells.
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus-8 is the
      causative agent of the endothelial cell-derived tumour Kaposi's sarcoma.
      Herpesviruses possess large complex genomes which provide many options to
      regulate cellular physiology during the viral life cycle and in the course of
      tumourigenicity. Novel techniques of systems biology and reverse genetics are
      increasingly applied to dissect the complex interaction of KSHV with endothelial
      cells. This review will outline novel results and pitfalls of these technologies
      in the elucidation of KSHV pathogenicity.

PMID- 19967143
TI  - Genetic manipulation of endothelial cells by viral vectors.
AB  - The need for uncovering molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell biology has
      tremendously increased in the last decades as it became more and more clear that
      the endothelium is an important target in nearly all diseases and treatments
      (drug delivery) and plays a central role in regeneration processes. One of the
      critical methods generally applied in cell biology research to uncover structural
      and functional aspects is the modulation of protein expression by over
      expression, expression of mutant variants or gene silencing. This strategy,
      however, requires genetic manipulation of the respective cells. The classical
      gene transfer by chemical transfection techniques works pretty well in a large
      variety of cultured cells but fails for most endothelial cell types. Insufficient
      transfection rates and gene expression levels as well as the sensitivity of the
      endothelium against chemical transfection reagents limits utilisation of this
      technique for endothelial cell biology research. This holds true not only for
      primary endothelial cell cultures and endothelial cells in vivo but also for
      endothelial cell lines, e.g. endothelioma cells. The development of viral vectors
      originally designed for gene therapy approaches has significantly improved the
      methodological spectrum in endothelial cell research. Two viral vector systems,
      based on retroviruses and adenoviruses, deliver transgenic information highly
      efficient into both cultured endothelial cells and in endothelial cells in vivo,
      respectively. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of these two
      vector systems that appear to be reliable and efficient tools for gene delivery
      into endothelial cell types.

PMID- 19967144
TI  - Assessment of platelets and the endothelium in patients presenting with acute
      coronary syndromes--is there a future?

PMID- 19967145
TI  - Platelet response heterogeneity in thrombus formation.
AB  - Vascular injury leads to formation of a structured thrombus as a consequence of
      platelet activation and aggregation, thrombin and fibrin formation, and trapping
      of leukocytes and red cells. This review summarises current evidence for
      heterogeneity of platelet responses and functions in the thrombus-forming
      process. Environmental factors contribute to response heterogeneity, as the
      platelets in a thrombus adhere to different substrates, and sense specific
      (ant)agonists and rheological conditions. Contraction of platelets and
      interaction with fibrin and other blood cells cause further response variation.
      On the other hand, response heterogeneity can also be due to intrinsic
      differences between platelets in age and in receptor and signalling proteins. As
      a result, at least three subpopulations of platelets are formed in a thrombus:
      aggregating platelets with (reversible) integrin activation, procoagulant
      (coated) platelets exposing phosphatidylserine and binding coagulation factors,
      and contracting platelets with cell-cell contacts. This recognition of thrombus
      heterogeneity has implications for the use and development of antiplatelet
      medication.

PMID- 19967146
TI  - Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defective platelet integrin alphaIIb-beta3):
      proposals for management between evidence and open issues.
AB  - Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder,
      characterized by a quantitative or qualitative defect of platelet surface
      alpha(IIb)-beta(3) integrin. Presently, no specific guideline/algorithm for
      clinical management for GT is available. Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of
      inherited platelet abnormalities, recommendations and guidelines are based on
      reports from opinions and clinical experience of panel of experts, and refer to
      the general management of platelet disorders. Based on the limited evidence in
      the area and on the strategies in clinical settings of inherited/acquired
      platelet defects, proposals for management of minor bleeding, moderate/major
      bleeding unresponsive to conservative management, major surgery, minor surgery
      and dental procedures for GT patients without, or with anti-platelet
      isoantibodies are reported. In addition to life-style advices and continuous
      patient education programs, when and how to employ/combine local measures,
      antifibrinolytic agents, hormone treatment, platelet transfusions and recombinant
      activated Factor VII is described. The prospective collection of treatments in GT
      patients recently established (Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Registry, GTR), based
      on a careful definition of clinical settings and outcomes, is likely to provide
      newer insight for optimising clinical management in GT.

PMID- 19967147
TI  - Gender as a risk factor for pulmonary embolism after air travel.
AB  - It was the objective of this study to confirm the hypothesis that women
      experience an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or thromboembolic
      events after long-distance air travel. We systematically reviewed the records of
      all patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism after arrival at Roissy-Charles-de
      Gaulle (CDG) Airport (Paris, France) during a 13-year period. The incidence of PE
      was calculated as a function of distance travelled and gender using Bayesian
      conditional probabilities obtained in part from a control population of long
      distance travellers arriving in French Polynesia (Tahiti). A total of 287.6
      million passengers landed at CDG airport during the study period. The proportion
      of male to female long-distance travellers was estimated to be 50.5% to 49.5%.
      Overall, 116 patients experienced PE after landing [90 females (78%), 26 males
      (22%)]. The estimated incidence of PE was 0.61 (0.61-0.61) cases per million
      passengers in females and 0.2 (0.20-0.20) in males, and reached 7.24 (7.17-7.31)
      and 2.35 (2.33-2.38) cases, respectively, in passengers travelling over 10,000
      km. Our study strongly suggests that there is a relationship between risk of PE
      after air travel and gender. This relationship needs to be confirmed in order to
      develop the best strategy for prophylaxis.

PMID- 19967148
TI  - Fibrin network structure and clot mechanical properties are altered by
      incorporation of erythrocytes.
AB  - Although many in vitro fibrin studies are performed with plasma, in vivo clots
      and thrombi contain erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs). To determine the
      effects of RBCs on fibrin clot structure and mechanical properties, we compared
      plasma clots without RBCs to those prepared with low (2 vol%), intermediate (5-10
      vol%), or high (> or =20 vol%) numbers of RBCs. By confocal microscopy, we found
      that low RBC concentrations had little effect on clot structure. Intermediate RBC
      concentrations caused heterogeneity in the fiber network with pockets of densely
      packed fibers alongside regions with few fibers. With high levels of RBCs, fibers
      arranged more uniformly but loosely around the cells. Scanning electron
      micrographs demonstrated an uneven distribution of RBCs throughout the clot and a
      significant increase in fiber diameter upon RBC incorporation. While permeability
      was not affected by RBC addition, at 20% or higher RBCs, the ratio of viscous
      modulus (G'') to elastic modulus (G') increased significantly over that of a clot
      without any RBCs. RBCs triggered variability in the fibrin network structure,
      individual fiber characteristics, and overall clot viscoelasticity compared to
      the absence of cells. These results are important for understanding in vivo clots
      and thrombi.

PMID- 19967149
TI  - Fibrin clot properties are altered in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease. Beneficial effects of simvastatin treatment.
AB  - Increased risk of thrombotic events occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD). Elevated fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP), being common in
      COPD, are associated with formation of dense fibrin clots resistant to lysis.
      Statins have been found to display anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects.
      We investigated fibrin clot properties in COPD patients prior to and following
      statin therapy. Ex vivo plasma fibrin clot permeability, compaction, and
      fibrinolysis were assessed in 56 patients with stable COPD, aged 64.9 +/- 9.2
      years (mean FEV(1), 54.7 +/- 15.9% predicted), versus 56 controls matched for
      age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. Patients were then randomly assigned to
      receive simvastatin 40 mg/day (n = 28) or to remain without statins for three
      months (n = 28). Patients with COPD had lower clot permeability (6.1+/- 1.07
      versus 9.2 +/- 0.9 10(-9) cm(2), p < 0.0001), decreased compaction (44.9 +/- 4.5
      versus 63.9 +/- 6.1%, p < 0.0001), higher maximum D-dimer levels released from
      clots (4.23 +/- 0.55 versus 3.53 +/- 0.31 mg/l, p < 0.0001) with a decreased rate
      of this release (75.0 +/- 8.3 versus 80.9 +/- 8.0 microg/l/min, p = 0.03) and
      prolonged lysis time (9.84 +/- 1.33 versus 8.02 +/- 0.84 min, p < 0.0001)
      compared with controls. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed denser clot
      structure in COPD. Multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for age
      and fibrinogen showed that in the COPD patients, CRP was the only independent
      predictor of permeability (R(2) = 0.47, p < 0.001) and lysis time (R(2) = 0.43, p
      < 0.001). Simvastatin improved clot properties (p < 0.05) despite unaltered CRP
      and irrespective of cholesterol reduction. Our study shows that fibrin clots in
      COPD patients are composed of much denser networks that are more resistant to
      lysis, and these properties can be improved by statin administration.

PMID- 19967150
TI  - Anticoagulant activity of a sulfated galactan: serpin-independent effect and
      specific interaction with factor Xa.
AB  - An algal sulfated galactan has high anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities.
      Its serpin-dependent anticoagulant action is due to promoting thrombin and factor
      (F)Xa inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II. Here, we evaluated the
      anticoagulant effect of the algal sulfated galactan using serpin-free plasma. In
      contrast to heparin, the sulfated galactan is still able to prolong coagulation
      time and delay thrombin and FXa generation in serpin-free plasma. We further
      investigated this effect using purified blood coagulation proteins, discovering
      that sulfated galactan inhibits the intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase
      complexes, which are critical for FXa and thrombin generation, respectively. We
      also investigated the mechanism by which sulfated galactan promotes FXa
      inhibition by antithrombin using specific recombinant mutants of the protease. We
      show that sulfated galactan interacts with the heparin-binding exosite of FXa and
      Arg-236 and Lys-240 of this site are critical residues for this interaction, as
      observed for heparin. Thus, sulfated galactan and heparin have similar high
      affinity and specificity for interaction with FXa, though they have differences
      in their chemical structures. Similar to heparin, the ability of sulfated
      galactan to potentiate FXa inhibition by antithrombin is calcium-dependent.
      However, in contrast to heparin, this effect is not entirely dependent on the
      conformation of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain of the protease. In
      conclusion, sulfated galactan and heparin have some similar effects on blood
      coagulation, but also differ significantly at the molecular level. This sulfated
      galactan opens new perspective for the development of antithrombotic drugs.

PMID- 19967151
TI  - A fusion protein with improved thrombolytic effect and low bleeding risk.
AB  - To resolve the therapeutic dilemma between efficacy of thrombolysis and bleeding
      risk associated with the use of a combination of thrombolytic and anticoagulant
      treatments, we created a fusion protein. Staphylokinase was fused to the N
      terminus of hirudin using thrombin recognition sequence as linker peptide,
      resulting in a fusion protein STH. We hypothesised that STH would be cleaved by
      thrombin at the thrombus site, releasing staphylokinase and hirudin to perform
      bifunctionally, and attenuating bleeding risk. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses
      indicated that the linker peptide could be specially recognised and cleaved by
      thrombin. Amidolytic and thromboelastogram assays showed that the N-terminus of
      hirudin in STH was blocked by staphylokinase and linker peptide, impeding
      hirudin's anticoagulant activity. Once cleaved, STH displayed 35.7% of the
      anticoagulant activity of equimolar hirudin and exhibited anticoagulant effects
      in the fibrin clot lysis assay. Thrombin-binding and fibrin clot lysis assays
      showed that the C-terminus of hirudin retained its high affinity for thrombin.
      Moreover, STH showed improved thrombolytic effects and a lower bleeding risk in
      animals. Thus, STH may have the capacity to perform bifunctionally and release
      anticoagulant activity in a thrombus-targeted manner in vivo, which may reduce
      the bleeding risk that often accompanies high thrombolytic efficacy in the
      treatment of thromboembolic diseases.

PMID- 19967152
TI  - Expression of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is up-regulated
      by increase in intracellular cyclic AMP levels in cultured HepG2 cells.
AB  - Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), a carboxypeptidase B-like
      proenzyme, is predominantly biosynthesised in the liver and released into
      circulating plasma. Activated TAFI has a role in maintaining the balance between
      blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. We investigated the regulation of TAFI
      expression in cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Stimulation of the cells with
      forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) increased TAFI antigen levels in the
      cells in parallel with TAFI mRNA levels and antigen release from the cells into
      the conditioned medium. The elevated TAFI expression was abolished by
      pretreatment of the cells with KT5720, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. The
      promoter activity of the TAFI gene and the half-life of the TAFI transcript in
      DBcAMP-stimulated HepG2 cells increased to 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively,
      of those in the control cells. The increased promoter activity and the prolonged
      half-life were abolished by pretreatment of the cells with KT5720. These results
      suggest that an increase in intracellular cAMP levels up-regulates TAFI
      expression in the cells in accompaniment with an elevation of TAFI mRNA levels,
      and that the elevated mRNA levels are derived from both transcriptional and post
      transcriptional regulations of the TAFI gene mediated by activation of the
      AMP/PKA signaling pathway.

PMID- 19967153
TI  - Leukocyte urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and PSGL1 play a role in
      endogenous arterial fibrinolysis.
AB  - Fibrin is an integral component of arterial thrombi. Using a mouse model of
      arteriolar thrombosis, high-speed fluorescence microscopy reveals that, within
      minutes, the fibrin content of thrombi rapidly increases and then decreases. The
      decrease in fibrin coincides with leukocyte binding to the thrombi, a process
      mediated by the interaction of leukocyte P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL
      1) with P-selectin on the surface of activated platelets. Because leukocytes
      possess urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity, we used mice
      deficient in uPA or the uPA receptor (uPAR) to explore the contribution of
      leukocyte-associated uPA to the loss of fibrin from these thrombi. Fibrin loss in
      both uPA-deficient mice and uPAR-deficient mice was reduced compared with that in
      wild-type controls. Transfusion of leukocytes from wild-type mice into uPAR
      deficient mice restored fibrin loss to levels similar to that in wild-type mice.
      In contrast, transfusion of leukocytes from mice deficient in uPAR or PSGL-1 did
      not enhance fibrin loss. Thus, fibrin loss from microarteriolar thrombi is
      mediated, at least in part, by leukocyte-associated uPA in a process that
      requires leukocyte uPAR and PSGL-1.

PMID- 19967154
TI  - Association of fatigue and psychological distress with quality of life in
      patients with a previous venous thromboembolic event.
AB  - Health-related quality of life (QoL) has been associated with several social and
      medical conditions in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary
      embolism (PE). To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating the
      relationship of QoL with psychological variables in this patient population. We
      assumed as a hypothesis an association between heightened levels of fatigue and
      psychological distress, as well as decreased QoL in patients with an objectively
      diagnosed venous thromboembolic event. Study participants were 205 consecutively
      enrolled out-patients (47.4 years, 54.6% men) with DVT and/or PE. Approximately
      10 days before blood collection for thrombophilia work-up, QoL, fatigue, and
      psychological distress were assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12),
      the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory Short Form (MFSI-SF) as well as
      the Hospitality Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). After controlling for
      demographic and medical factors, fatigue (p < 0.01) but not psychological
      distress (p>0.05) was negatively associated with physical QoL, explaining 11.0%
      of the variance. Fatigue (p < 0.001) and psychological distress (p < 0.001) were
      significant predictors of mental QoL, explaining an additional 36.2% and 3.6% of
      the variance. Further analyses revealed that all subscales of the HADS (e.g.
      anxiety and depression) and of the MFSI-SF (e.g. general fatigue, physical
      fatigue, emotional fatigue, mental fatigue and vigor) were significant predictors
      of mental QoL. MFSI-SF subscales also predicted physical QoL. The findings
      suggest that fatigue and psychological distress substantially predict QoL in
      patients with a previous venous thromboembolic event above and beyond demographic
      factors.

PMID- 19967155
TI  - Are glycoprotein inhibitors safe during percutaneous coronary intervention in
      patients on chronic warfarin treatment?
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
      inhibitors (GPIs) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients on
      chronic warfarin therapy due to atrial fibrillation (AF). We analysed all
      consecutive AF patients (N = 377, mean age 70 years, male 71%) on warfarin
      therapy referred for PCI in seven centres. Major bleeding, access site
      complications and major adverse cardiovascular events were recorded during
      hospitalisation. A total of 111 patients (29%) received periprocedural GPIs with
      a wide inter-hospital variation in their use (range 3-68%). The use of GPIs
      increased with the severity of the disease presentation and 49% of patients with
      ST-elevation myocardial infarction received GPIs. Mean periprocedural
      international normalised ratio (INR) of patients who received GPIs was 1.89
      (range 1.1-3.3). Major bleeding was more common in the patients treated with GPIs
      (9.0% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.001) than in those without GPIs, but there was no
      difference in major adverse cardiovascular events between the groups. In
      multivariable analysis, use of GPIs (odds ratio [OR] 5.1, 95% confidence interval
      [CI] 1.3-20.6, p = 0.02) and old age (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.3, p= 0.02) remained
      as the only independent predictors of major bleeding. Also after adjusting for
      propensity score, GPIs remained as a significant predictor of major bleeding (OR
      3.8, 95% CI 1.03-14.1, p = 0.045). In the GPI group, major bleeding was not
      predicted by INR level or warfarin pause. GPIs increase the risk of major
      bleeding events irrespective of periprocedural INR levels and should be used with
      caution in this fragile patient group.

PMID- 19967156
TI  - Diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis: adherence to guidelines and outcomes in real
      world health care.
AB  - Current guidelines recommend optimised algorithms for diagnosis of suspected deep
      vein thrombosis (DVT). There is little data to determine to what extent real
      world health care adheres to guidelines, and which outcome in terms of diagnostic
      efficiency and safety is achieved. This registry involved patients with
      clinically suspected DVT of the leg recruited in German ambulatory care between
      October and December 2005. Registry items were: diagnostic methods applied,
      diagnostic categories at day 1, and venous thromboembolic events up to 90 days in
      patients without firmly established DVT. A total of 4,976 patients were recruited
      in 326 centres. Venous ultrasonography was performed in 4,770 patients (96%), D
      dimer assay in 1,773 patients (36%) and venography in 288 patients (6%). At day
      1, DVT was confirmed in 1,388 patients (28%), and ruled out in 3,389 patients
      (68%), and work-up was inconclusive in 199 patients (4%). The rate of venous
      thromboembolism at 90 days was 0.34% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09 to 0.88)
      in patients in whom the diagnosis of DVT had been ruled out, and 2.50% (95% CI:
      0.69 to 6.28) in patients with inconclusive diagnostic workup. This nationwide
      evaluation in German ambulatory care revealed that the diagnostic work-up for
      suspected DVT did not adhere to current guidelines. However, the overall
      diagnostic safety was excellent, although there is potential for improvement in a
      well defined minority of patients.

PMID- 19967157
TI  - Megakaryocyte and platelet abnormalities in a patient with a W33C mutation in the
      conserved SH3-like domain of myosin heavy chain IIA.
AB  - Heterozygous mutations in MYH9, which encodes non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA
      (MHC-IIA), result in autosomal dominant inherited MYH9-related disorders
      characterised by macro-thrombocytopenia, granulocyte inclusions, variable
      sensorineural deafness, cataracts and nephritis. MHC-IIA is assembled into a
      complex consisting of two pairs of light chains and two heavy chains, where the
      latter contain a neck region, SH3-like, motor and rod domains. We describe a
      patient with a Trp33Cys missense mutation in the SH3-like domain of MHC-IIA.
      Abnormal platelet function was observed using platelet aggregometry with the
      agonists epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Patient granulocytes and
      megakaryocytes, but not platelets, contained abnormal MHC-IIA inclusions
      visualised by confocal immunofluorescence or electron microscopy. Megakaryocytes
      grown in culture were smaller and contained hypolobulated nuclei compared to
      controls. Bone marrow-derived megakaryocytes revealed a preponderance of immature
      forms, the presence of structurally diverse inclusion bodies, and frequent
      emperipolesis as assessed by electron microscopy. Platelets and leukocytes
      contained indistinguishable amounts of total MHC-IIA determined by
      immunoblotting. Molecular modelling studies indicated that mutation of Trp33
      destabilises the interface between the SH3-like and motor domain of MHC-IIA,
      which is close to previously described motor domain mutations, implying an
      important structural and/or functional role for this region in MHC-IIA.

PMID- 19967158
TI  - Dynamics of platelet mobilisation into lungs in response to 5-hydroxytryptamine
      (serotonin) in mice.
AB  - In experimental animals, the lung rapidly removes intravenously injected 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5HT), but the mechanism underlying this pulmonary 5HT removal
      (P-5HT-R) and the responsible cells remains unclear. 5HT reportedly induces rapid
      pulmonary platelet accumulation (P-PLT-A). Here, we examined the relationship
      between P-5HT-R and P-PLT-A in mice by comparing the platelet count in the blood
      with the endogenous 5HT in the tissues (a marker for platelets because the 5HT is
      largely contained within platelets). 5HT levels in murine blood and tissues were
      also examined after intravenous injection of 5HT. The data revealed that: (i) 5HT
      injection (at > or = 0.04 micromol/kg) induced a transient P-PLT-A (occurring
      within 6 seconds), (ii) platelets rapidly took up injected 5HT, (iii) the P-5HT-R
      was saturated following injection of 5HT at 1 micromol/kg, (iv) ketanserin
      (5HT(2)-receptor antagonist) strongly inhibited P-PLT-A, (v) under fluoxetine
      (5HT-uptake inhibitor), 5HT levels at 6 seconds after 5HT injection were markedly
      higher in blood, but significantly lower in lung (versus fluoxetine-untreated
      mice), (vi) P-5HT-R was barely detectable in mutant mice with platelets lacking
      dense bodies, and was much reduced in platelet-depleted mice, (vii) 5HT injected
      intravenously at 10 micromol/kg had a half-life in the lung of < 20 seconds, and
      (viii) unlike 5HT, injected histamine was largely excreted by the kidney. These
      results demonstrate that platelets rapidly translocate into the lung upon
      stimulation of 5HT(2) receptors, take up 5HT (and possibly swiftly metabolise
      it), and then return to the circulation. Hence, pulmonary platelet accumulation
      plays an important role in pulmonary 5HT removal in mice.

PMID- 19967159
TI  - Association of influenza vaccination with reduced risk of venous thromboembolism.
AB  - Influenza vaccination can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients
      with coronary heart disease, but its impact on the risk of venous thromboembolism
      (VTE) has not been studied. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether
      influenza vaccination reduces the risk of VTE. We conducted a case-control study
      involving 1,454 adults enrolled in 11 French centers between 2003 and 2007,
      comprising 727 consecutive cases with a first documented episode of VTE and 727
      age- and sex-matched controls. In the case and control groups 202 (28.2%) and 233
      (32.1%) subjects, respectively, had been vaccinated against influenza during the
      previous 12 months. After multivariate regression analysis, the odds ratios (OR)
      for VTE associated with vaccination were 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57
      0.97) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.32-0.85), respectively, for the whole population and
      for subjects aged 52 years or less. The protective effect of vaccination was
      similar for deep venous thrombosis (OR 0.9, 95% CI, 0.60-1.35) and pulmonary
      embolism (OR 0.71, 95% CI, 0.53-0.94) and for both provoked (OR 0.71, 95% CI,
      0.53-0.97) and unprovoked VTE (OR 0.85, 95% CI, 0.59-1.23). This case-control
      study suggests that influenza vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of
      VTE.

PMID- 19967160
TI  - Antimigratory and antimetastatic effect of heparin-derived 4-18 unit
      oligosaccharides in a preclinical human melanoma metastasis model.
AB  - Heparin and its derivatives have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and
      metastasis formation. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of heparin
      fragments containing 4 to 22 monomers on human melanoma cell proliferation,
      migration and invasion in vitro as well as on the in vivo metastatic potential in
      a SCID mouse model. Only oligosaccharide dp18 had significant inhibitory effect
      on cell proliferation. In contrast, cell migration was inhibited by all
      oligosaccharides studied except dp8 and dp22. Anti-CD44v3 antibody stimulated
      cell migration and invasion, and this effect could be attenuated by
      oligosaccharides dp4 and dp18. These fragments also inhibited the catalytic
      activity of myosin light chain phosphatase as well. Moreover, oligosaccharides
      dp4 and dp18 reduced the number of lung colonies formed in SCID mice
      intravenously injected with human melanoma cells, while dp22 proved to be
      ineffective in this respect. These studies revealed that fragments of heparin
      have an antimigratory and antimetastatic potential. These fragments lack the
      haemostatic effect of heparin, suggesting that they are potential specific
      antimetastatic agents in anticancer therapy.

PMID- 19967161
TI  - Sonothrombolysis is effective with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator,
      but not with Abciximab. Results from an in vitro study with whole blood clots and
      platelet-rich clots.
AB  - Transcranial "diagnostic" ultrasound (US) has been shown to accelerate
      thrombolysis related to recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). In
      this in vitro study, we evaluated the potential of US to increase clot
      dissolution mediated by Abciximab (Abc) compared to rt-PA. The effect of 1.8-MHz
      pulsed wave (PW) Doppler US on dissolution of whole venous blood clots (WBC) and
      platelet-rich clots (PRC) treated with Abc and rt-PA was investigated in an in
      vitro model. Clot dissolution was measured by weight loss. Abc-related WBC
      dissolution was enhanced by additional US, but the effect was not any more
      detectable when the US was attenuated by a human temporal bone (US-tb). In PRC
      there was no additional effect of US on the Abc-related clot lysis. Rt-PA-related
      clot dissolution was increased by US in WBC and PRC as well, however, US-tb was
      only effective in WBC. The effect of insonation on WBC dissolution treated with
      the combination of Abc plus rt-PA was lower compared with those treated with rt
      PA. In this in vitro experiment, the additional effect of "diagnostic" US in
      combination with Abc was only present in WBC and less strong than with rt-PA. The
      results do not support the use of Abc for sonothrombolysis targeting both, fibrin
      rich and platelet-rich clots. In contrast, US when combined with rt-PA increases
      dissolution in both, WBC and PRC as well.

PMID- 19967162
TI  - Plasma fibronectin concentration in inbred mouse strains.

PMID- 19967163
TI  - Factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and ischaemic stroke in patients with patent
      foramen ovale.

PMID- 19967164
TI  - Anti-heparin-platelet factor 4 antibodies are associated with arterial and venous
      thrombosis in patients with maintenance haemodialysis.

PMID- 19967165
TI  - Effective therapy with tranexamic acid in a case of chronic disseminated
      intravascular coagulation with acquired alpha2-antiplasmin deficiency associated
      with AL amyloidosis.

PMID- 19967166
TI  - Presence of residual thromboemboli at least six months after a first episode of
      symptomatic pulmonary embolism: do perfusion scintigraphy and angio-computed
      tomography agree?

PMID- 19967167
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking on plasma fibrin clot permeability and susceptibility
      to lysis.

PMID- 19967169
TI  - Group composition and activity patterns of brown-nosed coatis in savanna
      fragments, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
AB  - The Parque Estadual do Prosa (PEP), in Campo Grande, MS, is an urban fragment of
      savanna (cerrado) and tall savanna woodland (cerradao), with an area of 1,335
      km(2), where the population density of brown-nosed coatis is 33.71
      individuals/km(2). Our results suggest that seasonality at the PEP causes changes
      in the availability of resources for coatis, altering their home range areas,
      their dispersion patterns and their daily behaviour. And our observations
      regarding male-band associations, agonistic interactions between bands and their
      daily behaviour emphasize the plasticity of coati social structure, and its
      potential for future comparative studies.

PMID- 19967170
TI  - Effects of human trampling on a rocky shore fauna on the Sao Paulo coast,
      southeastern Brazil.
AB  - Increased tourist activity in coastal regions demands management strategies to
      reduce impacts on rocky shores. The highly populated coastal areas in
      southeastern Brazil are an example of degradation caused by development of
      industry and tourism. Among different shore impacts, trampling has been
      intensively studied, and may represent a significant source of stress for
      intertidal fauna. A randomised blocks design was applied to experimentally study
      the effects of two different trampling intensities on richness, diversity,
      density and biomass of the rocky shore fauna of Obuseiro beach, Guaruja,
      southeastern Brazil. Blocks were distributed in two portions of the intertidal
      zone, dominated respectively by Chthamalus bisinuatus (Cirripedia) and Isognomon
      bicolor (Bivalvia). Blocks were trampled over three months, simulating the
      vacation period in Brazil and were monitored for the following nine months.
      Results indicate that Chthamalus bisinuatus is vulnerable to trampling impacts.
      Richness, diversity and turn-over index tended to be higher in trampled plots
      four months after trampling ceased. In general, results agree with previous
      trampling studies, suggesting that even low intensities of trampling may cause
      some impact on intertidal communities. Management strategies should include
      isolation of sensitive areas, construction of boardwalks, visitor education and
      monitoring programmes. In Brazil, additional data obtained from experimental
      studies are necessary in order to achieve a better understanding of trampling
      impacts on rocky shore communities.

PMID- 19967171
TI  - Population dynamics: seasonal variation of phytoplankton functional groups in
      brazilian reservoirs (Billings and Guarapiranga, Sao Paulo).
AB  - Phytoplankton may function as a 'sensor' of changes in aquatic environment and
      responds rapidly to such changes. In freshwaters, coexistence of species that
      have similar ecological requirements and show the same environmental requirements
      frequently occurs; such species groups are named functional groups. The use of
      phytoplankton functional groups to evaluate these changes has proven to be very
      useful and effective. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence
      of functional groups of phytoplankton in two reservoirs (Billings and
      Guarapiranga) that supply water to millions of people in Sao Paulo city
      Metropolitan Area, southeastern Brazil. Surface water samples were collected
      monthly and physical, chemical and biological (quantitative and qualitative
      analyses of the phytoplankton) were performed. The highest biovolume (mm(3).L-1)
      of the descriptor species and functional groups were represented respectively by
      Anabaena circinalis Rabenh. (H1), Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutzing) Kutzing (L
      M/M) and Mougeotia sp. (T) in the Guarapiranga reservoir and Cylindrospermopsis
      raciborskii (Wolosz.) Seen. and Subba Raju (S N), Microcystis aeruginosa and M.
      panniformis Komarek et al. (L M/M), Planktothrix agardhii (Gom.) Anagn. and
      Komarek and P. cf. clathrata (Skuja) Anagn. and Komarek (S1) in the Billings
      reservoir. The environmental factors that most influenced the phytoplankton
      dynamics were water temperature, euphotic zone, turbidity, conductivity, pH,
      dissolved oxygen, nitrate and total phosphorous.

PMID- 19967172
TI  - The fish community of the Sorocaba River Basin in different habitats (State of
      Sao Paulo, Brazil).
AB  - A fish assemblage study was accomplished in different habitats of the Sorocaba
      River Basin. Fish were caught with gillnets, were weighed (weight total - g) and
      measured (standard length - mm). Several abiotic variables of selected sampling
      sites were measured in order to characterise their habitats in order to attempt
      establishing correlations with fish community traits. Fish numbers per species
      were adjusted to the lognormal and logseries species/abundance models The fish
      community totaled 38 species, distributed in 28 genera, 14 families and 4 orders.
      Diversity was calculated both in number and in weight and both presented higher
      values in better preserved sites. We did not detect any statistical differences
      between dry and rainy seasons. We also concluded that the abundance distribution
      was not influenced by abiotic variables.

PMID- 19967173
TI  - The interplay among prey preference, nutrient enrichment and stability in an
      omnivory system.
AB  - Food webs usually display an intricate mix of trophic interactions where multiple
      prey are common. In this context omnivory has been the subject of intensive
      analysis regarding food web stability and structure. In a three species omnivory
      setting it is shown that the modeling of prey preference by the top predator may
      exert a strong influence on the short as well as on the long term dynamics of the
      respective food web. Clearly, this has implications concerning the stability and
      the structure of omnivory systems under disturbances such as nutrient enrichment.

PMID- 19967174
TI  - Microphytoplankton structure from the neritic and oceanic regions of Pernambuco
      State - Brazil.
AB  - This research was carried out to assess phytoplankton diversity, distribution and
      ecology on the Pernambuco Continental Shelf and Oceanic region (lat. 7 masculine
      33' 00' S to 8 masculine 41' 50' S and long. 34 masculine 04' 47' W to 35
      masculine 01' 20' W). Samples were collected during the Joint Oceanographics
      Projects (JOPS II-Leg 5) by double oblique hauls with a baby bongo net 64 microm
      mesh size at depth between 14 and 150 m in inshore and offshore waters
      respectively, in seven transects, totaling 34 stations. The temperature and
      salinity characterised the tropical water masses. The dissolved oxygen was
      oversaturated in all stations. The nutrient-low concentrations showed an
      oligothrophic pattern in the whole area. 173 specific and infraspecific taxa were
      identified: Dinophyta (103 taxa), Bacillariophyta (61 taxa), Cyanobacteria (7
      taxa), Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta (1 taxon). The family Ceratiaceae presented
      the highest species number (47 taxa). The cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum
      Ehrenberg, Oscillatoria spp. and the diatom Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve had
      higher frequence of occurrence and abundance. Species diversity varied from 0.71
      to 3.46 bits.cell-1 and this low index was due to Trichodesmium erythraeum bloom
      and evenness from 0.14 to 0.65, showing an unstable pattern. The oceanic
      planktonic species were responsible for the higher richness with 78 taxa,
      corresponding to 58.39% of the total microphytoplankton. The species association
      presented two groups. The first one divided in two subgroups: one associated to
      the neritic/oceanic and oceanic planktonic species and the other to the
      oligotrophic indicator species. The second group was composed of some key species
      which were the most abundant and frequent in the area. The first three Principal
      Component Analyses (PCAs) explained 50.91% of the data variance showing that the
      area is structured by two groups: one offshore composed by oligotrophic
      indicators, and another nearshore influenced by continental fluxes.

PMID- 19967175
TI  - Socio-economic characteristics of the Cachoeira de Emas small-scale fishery in
      Mogi-Guacu River, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
AB  - Fishing in the area of Cachoeira de Emas dates from the aboriginal Painguas who
      inhabited its margins. The socioeconomic conditions of the fishers and fishing
      are described, derived from personal interviews with 33 fishers. Their mean age
      is 48.6 years and they have been fishing on average for 24.2 years. The monthly
      total raw income is US$ 575.52 and the raw income just from fishing is of US$
      239.64 per fisher. Most of them (66.6%) have only incomplete primary and junior
      education. The main capture species are curimba Prochilodus lineatus, piapara
      Leporinus obtusidens, dourado Salminus brasiliensis, mandi Pimelodus maculatus,
      Pimelodus heraldoi and lambari (genus Astyanax and Roeboides). Fishers capture an
      average of 19.9 kg of fish per day. The total average raw income just calculated
      from the interviews is very high when compared with other places in Brazil and in
      the world, and above the poverty line as defined by the Getulio Vargas
      Foundation. So we may conclude there these fishers are not the poorest in
      society.

PMID- 19967176
TI  - Morphology and ecology of Thalassiosira Cleve (Bacillariophyta) species rarely
      recorded in Brazilian coastal waters.
AB  - The detailed description of rarely recorded Thalassiosira species in Brazil is
      presented with light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)
      illustrations. A total of 78 phytoplankton net samples (20 microm) collected
      between the years 2000 and 2006 in coastal waters of southern Brazilian, Cassino
      Beach and the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos, were studied in cleaned material using
      the Axiovert Zeiss LM and Jeol 6060 SEM. Water temperature and salinity of
      samples and six species are presented: Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. hendeyi, T.
      lundiana, T. minuscula, T. oceanica and T. wongii. Two species, Thalassiosira
      hendeyi and T. endoseriata were the most common being observed in all seasons at
      Cassino Beach in a wide temperature range (10-26 masculineC), while only
      sporadically in the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos. Thalassiosira endoseriata, T.
      lundiana, T. oceanica and T. wongii are for the first time reported in Brazilian
      coastal waters. The latter two species, rarely recorded in the world, are fully
      illustrated based on Brazilian material.

PMID- 19967177
TI  - Bat community species richness and composition in a restinga protected area in
      Southeastern Brazil.
AB  - In Brazil, restingas are under severe human-induced impacts resulting in habitat
      degradation and loss and remain one of the less frequently studied ecosystems.
      The main objectives of the present study are to describe the bat community in a
      restinga in Paulo Cesar Vinha State Park, Guarapari municipality, state of
      Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Fieldwork was conducted twice a month from
      August 2004 to September 2005. A total sampling effort of 40,300 m(2)/h,
      represents the largest sampling effort for sampling bats in restingas to date.
      Bats were sampled in five different vegetational types in the area. Captured bats
      were processed recording information on species, sex, age, forearm length and
      weight. Shannon Diversity and Jaccard indexes were used to analyse diversity and
      similarity among habitats in the Park. A total of 554 captures belonging to 14
      species and two families were obtained. Noctilio leporinus was recorded through
      direct observation and an ultra-sound detector also registered the presence of
      individuals from the family Molossidae, without being possible to distinguish it
      at specific level. Frugivores were the most representative guild. Richness was
      higher in Clusia shrubs (11 species) and Carais lagoon (10 species). Shannon
      diversity index was estimated at H' = 1.43 for the overall sample, with Carais
      lagoon representing the most diverse habitat (H' = 1.60). The greater similarity
      (J = 0.714) was observed for the two areas under high human influence.

PMID- 19967178
TI  - Sport fishing in Cachoeira de Emas in Mogi-Guacu River, State of Sao Paulo,
      Brazil.
AB  - Sport fishing is an important leisure activity in many countries. It directly and
      indirectly generates income and jobs for millions of people. In some places, its
      landing outstrips production from professional fishing but this fact is not
      always taken into account in the establishment of management actions. In the area
      of Cachoeira (Waterfall) de Emas there are reports of intense fishing since the
      20's. The objective of this paper is to identify the profile of the sporting
      fishers who frequent this place and to characterise this fishing. From February
      to October of 2006, we interviewed 107 sporting fishers that visited Cachoeira.
      We describe the fishing and the socio-economic status of the sport fishers. Most
      of the fishers are men, coming from the state of Sao Paulo, with a mean family
      income of US$ 1,212.3 (R$ 2,558.10, US$ 1 = R$ 2.11, July/2007), being aged 50.2
      years old on average. A large amount of them (49.5%) only have incomplete first
      grade education. The main captured species are curimba Prochilodus lineatus,
      mandi Pimelodus maculatus, P. heraldoi, Pimelodella spp., lambari Astyanax
      fasciatus, A. schubarti, A. altiparanae, Roeboides paranensis and piava Leporinus
      lacustris, L. friderici, L. octofasciatus. Fishers have had a strong connection
      with this place for many years and even with low captures (2.8 kg/day), they are
      quite satisfied.

PMID- 19967179
TI  - Primate community of the tropical rain forests of Saraca-Taquera National Forest,
      Para, Brazil.
AB  - Brazil is the richest country in the world in terms of primate species and the
      Amazonian rain forest is one of the richest biomes containing 15 (ca. 90%) of the
      Neotropical primate genera. Although considered key elements in conservation
      strategies, there is only anecdotal information on primates for several protected
      areas within the region. Here we present new data on the community composition of
      the primates in the Saraca-Taquera National Forest (429,600 ha), an actively
      mined, bauxite rich area, in Para, Brazil. We used information from the
      literature, technical reports, museum data, and interviews conducted with agents
      from the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Natural Renewable Resources
      (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis -
      IBAMA) and members of the local 'Quilombo' community. In addition, from July 2003
      to June 2007, we carried out 19 field trips ranging from 10 to15 days each,
      amounting to a total effort of 1,230 hours and 1,420 km of censuses, resulting in
      1,034 records of eight primate species (Saguinus martinsi, Saguinus midas,
      Saimiri sciureus, Cebus apella, Pithecia pithecia, Chiropotes sagulatus, Ateles
      paniscus, and Alouatta macconelli). Two other species (Cebus olivaceus and Aotus
      trivirgatus) were recorded only indirectly, through interviews and literature
      data. In all, Alouatta macconelli was the most frequently recorded species (43%
      of all records); while Saguinus midas and P. pithecia were the least (ca. 0.4 and
      0.6% of all records). Based on our results, we discuss group sizes as well as
      taxonomic problems concerning the genera Pithecia and Chiropotes, for which we
      registered individuals displaying phenotypic geographical variation and two
      different forms, respectively. Despite the deforestation inherent in bauxite
      mining, the Saraca-Taquera National Forest still has a remarkable richness of
      primate species. Our study results place this National Forest amongst the richest
      reserves, in terms of primate species, in the Amazon region.

PMID- 19967180
TI  - Attraction of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 miracidia to Biomphalaria glabrata
      (Say, 1818) in the presence of Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera and Cespedes,
      1971 infection.
AB  - The attraction exerted by Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Angiostrongylus
      costaricensis on Schistosoma mansoni miracidia of the BH strain was tested, using
      a glass apparatus composed by two circular chambers connected to a channel. One
      mollusk or a sample of a snail conditioning water (SCW) was placed in one of the
      chambers, randomly selected, and the remaining of the apparatus was filled with
      chlorine-free water. Ten miracidia were placed in the centre of the channel and
      their behaviour was observed for 15 minutes. Ten replicates were made for each
      treatment (snail or SCW), using different specimens of mollusks or different
      samples of SCW. Mollusks infected with A. costaricensis attracted significantly
      less S. mansoni miracidia than non-infected B. glabrata. In addition, miracidia
      were also significantly more attracted to SCW from mollusks infected with A.
      costaricensis.

PMID- 19967181
TI  - Biodiversity and ecology of Hirudinea (Annelida) from the Natural Reserve of Isla
      Martin Garcia, Rio de la Plata, Argentina.
AB  - The Island of Martin Garcia lies at the confluence of the Uruguay and Parana
      Rivers (upper Rio de la Plata). This island is an outcrop of the crystalline
      basement. Due to basalt exploitation the island exhibits several ponds covered by
      carpets of free-floating macrophytes. Seven major environmental variables were
      measured: water and air temperature, percentage of oxygen saturation, dissolved
      oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and pH. Eleven leech
      species were found, Helobdella striata, H. diploides, H. adiastola and H. hyalina
      were new records. UPGMA clustering of species based on their occurrence in
      different ecological conditions revealed three main species groups. Canonical
      Correspondence Analysis (CCA) explained 97.2% of the correlation between species
      and environmental variables. H. triserialis shows the widest range of tolerance,
      H. hyalina shows positive relationships to conductivity; H. diploides shows a
      high correlation with dissolved oxygen, H. striata, H. lineata, and S. similis
      are negatively correlated with water temperature, and H. simplex is positively
      correlated with pH. Relationships between the species richness (S) and the
      sampling sites were negatively correlated with water temperature and positively
      correlated with dissolved oxygen. Leech biodiversity from the water bodies of
      Martin Garcia Island, shows a great diversity of species and a wide plasticity
      regarding the characteristics of the environmental factors considered.

PMID- 19967182
TI  - Distribution of Deroceras reticulatum (Muller, 1774) (Pulmonata Stylommatophora)
      in Argentina with first record of the Reserva de Usos Multiples Isla Martin
      Garcia, Rio de la Plata superior.
AB  - Deroceras reticulatum is a misanthropic European species spread widely throughout
      South America. At the moment this species is considered a 'pest' in direct sowing
      such as maize, soybean, sunflower, wheat, alfalfa and clovers, among others. The
      aim of this paper is to report the first record of D. reticulatum in the Reserva
      de Usos Multiples Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires province and to provide
      information about this species distribution in five Argentina provinces.

PMID- 19967183
TI  - Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Gerbera jamesonii Bolus and Hook
      (Asteraceae).
AB  - Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus and Hook,) is an ornamental Asteraceae of great
      commercial value, and pests can affect adversely its cultivation. More than 20
      species of arthropods cause economic damage on gerbera, among them the two
      spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae), considered a
      key pest for this and other ornamental plants. In this work, some life-cycle
      aspects of T. urticae on gerbera, considered important for the knowledge of its
      population dynamics and for pest management programs, were studied. Mites were
      reared on 3-cm diameter arenas of gerbera leaf discs maintained on distilled
      water in Petri dishes, under laboratory conditions of 25 masculineC, 70 +/- 10%
      RU and 14-hour photophase, with only one egg left per arena, in a total of 262
      arenas. Egg viability was 96.5% and 97.1% for unmated and mated females,
      respectively. Unmated females originated larvae which lived for 3.2 days and the
      stages of protonymph and deutonymph, 1.9 and 1.6 days, respectively; those from
      mated females lived 3.5 days and for protonymphs and deutonymphs, 2.0 and 1.6
      days, respectively. Except for the duration of one generation (T), with similar
      values, 18.6 and 19.7 days, respectively for unmated and mated females, the net
      reproductive rate of increase (R masculine), the innate capacity to increase in
      number (r m) and the finite rate of growth (lambda) were different for mated and
      unmated females, respectively 11.5 and 24.6 for R0; 0.12 and 0.17 for r m and
      1.13 and 1.19 for lambda.

PMID- 19967184
TI  - A model to search for birth probabilities of mammal populations using fertility
      data.
AB  - A model was constructed to predict monthly birth probabilities using mammalian
      fertility data. We used a sample of 147 female capybaras (Hydrochoerus
      hydrochaeris) hunted on a farm on Marajo Island, Brazil. In the model each month
      was treated as a multinomial with six cells representing the six possible
      reproductive states (five months gestation). A hypothesis test was carried out to
      see whether a cosine curve would fit the birth probabilities. The results offer
      no support for a seasonal component (F2,9 = 1.84, P = 0.21), whereas results from
      a direct census do (F3,23 = 87.29, P < 0.01). Some hunting techniques were biased
      towards killing pregnant females (chi(2)1= 7.2, P< 0.01), thereby spreading
      reproduction throughout the year (F2,9 = 1.84, P = 0.21). The model remained a
      powerful predictive tool to be used with mammalian fertility data as long as the
      data are not biased towards pregnant females.

PMID- 19967185
TI  - Leukocytes respiratory burst and lysozyme level in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus
      Holmberg, 1887).
AB  - Innate immune responses are useful to determine the health status of fish and to
      evaluate the effect of immunomodulatory substances in fish farming. Leukocytes
      respiratory burst was measured in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) using
      chemiluminescence assay and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. The
      nitroblue tetrazolium reduction seemed more adequate than chemiluminescence assay
      for leukocytes oxidative burst determination, since it was difficult to isolate
      the blood leucocytes for chemiluminescence assay. Plasma and serum lysozyme were
      measured using a turbidimetric assay. The heating of serum and plasma samples (56
      masculineC for 30 minutes) for complement system inactivation darkened the plasma
      samples and interfered in the results. The lysozyme activity in serum was higher
      than in plasma, suggesting that serum samples are more appropriate for the
      analysis. This study established protocols that can be useful tools in the study
      of immune mechanisms of the tropical fish pacu.

PMID- 19967186
TI  - Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Austroplenckia populnea (Reiss) Lundell
      chloroform fraction from barkwood extract in rodent cells in vivo.
AB  - The genotoxic effect of the Austroplenckia populnea chloroform fraction from
      barkwood extract was tested in vivo on peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice with
      the comet assay (SCGE), and the clastogenic effect was investigated on peripheral
      blood cells of Swiss mice and bone marrow cells of Wistar rats, with the
      micronucleus and chromosome aberrations tests. The animals were treated by gavage
      with 3 concentrations of the extract: 300, 600 and 900 mg.kg-1. Peripheral blood
      cells of Swiss mice were collected 4 and 24 hours after the treatment to the SCGE
      assay and 48 and 72 hours to the micronucleus test. Bone marrow cells of Wistar
      rats were collected 24 hours after the treatment to the micronucleus and
      chromosome aberration tests. The results showed that the A. populnea chloroform
      fraction induced an increase in the average number of DNA damage in peripheral
      blood cells at the three concentrations tested, but this increase was not
      statistically significant. In the micronucleus and chromosome aberrations test,
      no significant increase was observed in the mean number of micronucleated
      polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) of Swiss mice or MNPCE or chromosome
      aberrations for the rat bone marrow cells, for any of the tested doses. Our
      findings enable us to conclude that by the comet assay, A. populnea chloroform
      fraction from barkwood extract showed no genotoxic effects, and by the
      micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests, the extract fraction showed no
      clastogenic/aneugenic effects on the rodent cells tested.

PMID- 19967187
TI  - Impact of Forpus xanthopterygius (Spix, 1824) (Aves, Psittacidae) on flowers of
      Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.) S. O. Grose (Bignoniaceae).
AB  - Handroanthus serratifolius produces flowers during the dry season in the Cerrado
      biome, and it may be an important food source to some bird species. For
      Psittacidae species, like Forpus xanthopterygius, flowers are important in their
      diet. This study intended to characterize the behavior of F.xanthopterygius and
      evaluate the damage to the flowering and in the reproduction of H. serratifolius.
      Four individuals of H. serratifolius were observed for 60 hours to register size
      of groups, the time and duration of visit, and the number of flowers predated by
      F.xanthopterygius. The groups that visited the plants had between 2 and 12
      individuals. The mean time of visits was 60.31 minutes (+/-22.29). The size of
      groups was correlated to number of flowers predated and was influenced by number
      of flowers offered. During the flowering, each H. serratifolius individual loses
      approximately 1,052 flowers per week.

PMID- 19967188
TI  - The anatomy and functional morphology of Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus (Orbigny,
      1835) (Mollusca Bivalvia, Hyriidae).
AB  - Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus (Orbigny, 1835), belongs to the family Hyriidae
      Swainson 1840, the distribution of which is restricted to South America and
      Australasia. This species, endemic to Brazil, occurs in the central-southern
      geographical region, Upper Parana Basin and Atlantic Microbasins Espirito Santo
      to Parana states. The mollusk lives buried in muddy substrata, has similar sized
      adductor muscles, and is dioecious, lacking sexual dimorphism. The apertures are
      simple (type AII of Yonge, 1948, 1957) as in Diplodon rotundus gratus, Castalia
      undosa martensi, Castalia undosa undosa and mantle fusion is present only in the
      base of the exalant aperture. The inhalant aperture exhibits tentacles
      originating from the inner fold while the exhalant aperture has no tentacles. The
      ctenidia are type D (of Atkins, 1937). A well-developed marsupium is present in
      the inner demibranch. The association between the ctenidia and the labial palps
      belongs to category I (of Stasek, 1963). The stomach constitutes a type IV
      structure (of Purchon, 1958). The posterior sorting area (psa) presents two
      pouches in Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus. Among the Hyriidae, the presence of
      these pouches has also been described in several species of Hyriidae from South
      America. The organization of the gut in the visceral mass follows the same
      pattern seen in the Hyriidae already studied: Castalia undosa martensi, Castalia
      undosa undosa, Diplodon rotundus gratus,Diplodon charruanus and Diplodon
      pilsbryi.

PMID- 19967189
TI  - The regeneration of the tail fin actinotrichia of carp (Cyprinus carpio,
      Linnaeus, 1758) under the action of naproxen.
AB  - A conglomerate of small, rigid, fusiform spicules known as actinotrichia sustains
      the edge of tail fins of teleost. After amputation, these structures show an
      extremely fast regenerative capacity. In this study we observed the effect of a
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, used in the treatment of
      degenerative articular diseases, during the process of actinotrichia
      regeneration. For this purpose, regenerating tissue from animals in contact with
      the drug was submitted to histochemical and ultrastructural analysis in
      comparison to tissue from animals under normal conditions, i.e., not in contact
      with the drug in question. Actinotrichia regeneration was similar in both
      animals, indicating that naproxen, at the dose used in the present study, did not
      interfere with actinotrichia synthesis during the regenerative process of the
      tail fin. This could be because naproxen did not influence the expression of the
      genes required for the regeneration process, such as the Sonic hedgehog (Shh)
      gene, which is involved in actinotrichia formation.

PMID- 19967190
TI  - Biological aspects of sharks caught off the Coast of Pernambuco, Northeast
      Brazil.
AB  - One hundred seventeen specimens of sharks were caught along the coast of
      Pernambuco State, Northern Brazil, between May 2004 and May 2007, among which 86
      were blacknose sharks, Carcharhinus acronotus, enabling a more detailed study of
      the species. Blacknose sharks were caught in the 2 study areas along the Boa
      Viagem/Piedade and Paiva beaches, accounting for the highest relative abundance
      among the species caught (73.5% of total). Potentially dangerous sharks, tiger
      and bull sharks, were also caught in the same areas, whereas hammerhead and
      blacktip sharks were only captured off Boa Viagem/Piedade. Concerning the
      blacknose shark, the total length (TL) ranged from 39.0 to 180.0 cm. Among the 38
      females analysed, 32 were juveniles, 11 were maturing, 2 were pre-ovulatory and
      21 were pregnant. Sexing was possible for 75 of the 83 embryos, 38 of which were
      males and 37 were females, with a sex proportion of 1:0.9 and total length
      ranging between 6.4 and 63.5 cm. Ovarian fecundity ranged from 5 to 10 and
      uterine fecundity from 1 to 3, with an estimated gestational period of 9 months.
      Among the 48 males, 6 were juveniles and 42 were adults. Both males and females
      seem to reach sexual maturity at about 105.0 cm TL. Among the 86 stomachs
      analysed, only 22.1% had contents, with teleosts as the most frequent item.

PMID- 19967191
TI  - Prevalence and intensity of infection by Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924
      (Pentastomida) in Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758 and A. vermicularis Wagler,
      1824 (Amphisbaenidae) from Northeastern Brazil.
AB  - Raillietiella gigliolii is a Neotropical pentastomid parasite found in
      Amphisbaena alba. Collections were made in northeastern Brazil in a remnant area
      of Atlantic Forest (07 masculine 10' S and 35 masculine 05' W) in the
      municipality of Cruz do Espirito Santo, Paraiba State, and in a Humid Forest area
      (07 masculine 16' S and 39 masculine 26' W) on the slopes of the Chapada do
      Araripe Mountains, municipality of Crato, Ceara state, Brazil. Nine specimens of
      A. alba and 12 of A. vermicularis were collected to gather basic ecological data
      (prevalence and mean intensity of infection) concerning these parasites.
      Raillietiella gigliolii was found infecting the lungs of both species. The
      prevalence for A. alba was 55.5% (5/9), with a mean intensity of infection of 5.0
      +/- 2.53 and amplitudes of 1-13. A. vermicularis demonstrated prevalence of 50%,
      with a mean intensity of infection of 5.3 +/- 2.1 and amplitudes of 1-14. This
      represents the first record of R. gigliolii as a parasite of A. vermicularis. Our
      results suggest that R. gigliolii is a generalist parasite species and that an
      overlapping diet is the determinant factor in the sharing of its final hosts.

PMID- 19967192
TI  - Plants used by Megachile (Moureapis) sp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the
      provisioning of their nests.
AB  - This study was carried out in the Parque Municipal das Araucarias, located in the
      municipality of Guarapuava (PR) from May (06) to April (07). Its aim was to
      investigate which plants are used by Megachile (Moureapis) sp in provisioning of
      larvae, and to verify if this bee is oligolectic or polilectic. The collection of
      the plants was carried out during the bees activity period and in an area
      covering a 500 m radius from where the nests had been built. A sample of pollens
      from founded nests and from flowers was used to make permanent slides using the
      acetolysis method and with the aid of a light microscope, all pollen grains were
      examined in order to identify the plants used by this bee. A total of 80 pollen
      grain slides, from 16 nests were analysed. Although 99 plants were collected
      close to the bee's nesting site, in nest slides, the pollen of Ludwigia peruviana
      (36%) and Ludwigia sericea (63.6%) (Onagraceae) accounted for 99.6% of the total
      amount of pollen collected. With these results we are able to conclude that
      Megachile (Moureapis) sp is an oligolectic species and that these plants species
      are their important pollen source.

PMID- 19967193
TI  - Ascorbic acid for the healing of skin wounds in rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Healing is a complex process that involves cellular and biochemical
      events. Several medicines have been used in order to shorten healing time and
      avoid aesthetic damage. OBJECTIVE: to verify the topical effect of ascorbic acid
      for the healing of rats' skin wounds through the number of macrophages, new
      vessels and fibroblast verifications in the experimental period; and analyse the
      thickness and the collagen fibre organization in the injured tissue. METHODS:
      Male Rattus norvegicus weighing 270 +/- 30 g were used. After thionembutal
      anesthesia, 15 mm transversal incisions were made in the animals' cervical backs.
      They were divided into two groups: Control Group (CG, n = 12) - skin wound
      cleaned with water and soap daily; Treated Group (TG, n = 12) - skin wound
      cleaned daily and treated with ascorbic acid cream (10%). Samples of skin were
      collected on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days. The sections were stained with
      hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red for morphologic analysis. The images were
      obtained and analysed by a Digital Analyser System. RESULTS: The ascorbic acid
      acted on every stage of the healing process. It reduced the number of
      macrophages, increased the proliferation of fibroblasts and new vessels, and
      stimulated the synthesis of thicker and more organized collagen fibres in the
      wounds when compared to CG. CONCLUSION: Ascorbic acid was shown to have anti
      inflammatory and healing effects, guaranteeing a suiTable environment and
      conditions for faster skin repair.

PMID- 19967194
TI  - Record of Thermocyclops tenuis (Marsh, 1910) (Copepoda: Crustacea) in the
      Pantanal (Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil).

PMID- 19967195
TI  - New species of Eiphosoma Cresson 1865 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae)
      from Brazil.

PMID- 19967196
TI  - First record of a humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781),
      stranding in Para State, Northern coast of Brazil.

PMID- 19967197
TI  - First record of four Alysiinae species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Brazil.

PMID- 19967198
TI  - [Violence and mental health: how can we be part of the solution?].

PMID- 19967200
TI  - [Exposure to violence and mental health problems in low and middle-income
      countries: a literature review].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological evidence on the prevalence of exposure to
      violence and its relationship with mental health problems in low and middle
      income countries. METHOD: The search was based on cross-sectional and cohort
      studies available in electronic databases (Medline, Psycinfo, Embase, SciELO and
      Lilacs), through July 2009, using the key words: 'violence' and 'mental
      disorders'. RESULTS: The frequency of exposure to violence was shown to be very
      high and was significantly associated with mental health problems. Among
      children, the highest correlation was found to be of domestic violence with
      externalizing problems (OR = 9.5; 95% CI = 3.4-26.2), and suicidal ideation with
      sexual abuse (OR = 8.3; p < 0.05); among women, depression/anxiety symptoms
      correlated with intimate-partner psychological (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.8-5.8) and
      sexual (OR = 9.7; 95% CI = 1.9-51.2) violence. In the general population, the
      highest prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder were associated with
      sexual and domestic violence, kidnapping, and cumulative trauma exposure.
      Violence also correlated with common mental disorders. CONCLUSION: A substantial
      part of the mental health problems in low and middle-income countries can be
      attributed to violence. Thus, interventions directed to decrease violence in low
      and middle-income countries might have a major positive impact on the mental
      health of those living in these settings.

PMID- 19967201
TI  - [Pharmacological treatment of impulsivity and aggressive behavior].
AB  - Impulsivity and aggressive behavior occur frequently in a variety of psychiatric
      disorders and neurological diseases. Two lines of treatment could be employed,
      the treatment of the disorder or disease in which these symptoms occur or the
      treatment of the impulsivity and aggressive behavior itself. This second approach
      considers that there are neurobiological similarities underlying these behaviors
      regardless of the 'primary' diagnoses with which they are associated. Imbalance
      between limbic bottom-up drives, exerted by structures like the amygdala, and
      prefrontal top-down control mechanisms could be the ultimate reason for an
      aggressive-impulsive behavior. The role of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine
      were comprehensively investigated with regards to impulsive and aggressive
      behavior and these neurochemical data were further integrated with the
      neuroanatomical model, providing the bases to the rational pharmacological
      approach of these behaviors.

PMID- 19967199
TI  - [Childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology: pathways to hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between
      childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology, as reflected in hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. METHOD: A selective review of the relevant
      literature was undertaken in order to identify key and illustrative research
      findings. RESULTS: There is now a substantial body of preclinical and clinical
      evidence derived from a variety of experimental paradigms showing how early-life
      stress is related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and
      psychological state in adulthood, and how that relationship can be modulated by
      other factors. DISCUSSION: The risk for adult psychopathology and hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction is related to a complex interaction among
      multiple experiential factors, as well as to susceptibility genes that interact
      with those factors. Although acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses
      to stress are generally adaptive, excessive responses can lead to deleterious
      effects. Early-life stress alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function
      and behavior, but the pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction and
      psychological outcome in adulthood reflect both the characteristics of the
      stressor and other modifying factors. CONCLUSION: Research to date has identified
      multiple determinants of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction seen
      in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment or other early-life stress.
      Further work is needed to establish whether hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
      abnormalities in this context can be used to develop risk endophenotypes for
      psychiatric and physical illnesses.

PMID- 19967202
TI  - [Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders in victims of violence with posttraumatic
      stress disorder].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review studies that have evaluated the comorbidity between
      posttraumatic stress disorder and mood disorders, as well as between
      posttraumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders. METHOD: We searched
      Medline for studies, published in English through April, 2009, using the
      following keywords: 'posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD', 'mood disorder',
      'major depressive disorder', 'major depression', 'bipolar disorder', 'dysthymia',
      'anxiety disorder', 'generalized anxiety disorder', 'agoraphobia', 'obsessive
      compulsive disorder', 'panic disorder', 'social phobia', and 'comorbidity'.
      RESULTS: Major depression is one of the most frequent comorbid conditions in
      posttraumatic stress disorder individuals, but individuals with posttraumatic
      stress disorder are also more likely to present with bipolar disorder, other
      anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviors. These comorbid conditions are
      associated with greater clinical severity, functional impairment, and impaired
      quality of life in already compromised individuals with posttraumatic stress
      disorder. Depression symptoms also mediate the association between posttraumatic
      stress disorder and severity of pain among patients with chronic pain.
      CONCLUSION: Available studies suggest that individuals with posttraumatic stress
      disorder are at increased risk of developing affective disorders compared with
      trauma-exposed individuals who do not develop posttraumatic stress disorder.
      Conversely, pre-existing affective disorders increase a person's vulnerability to
      the posttraumatic stress disorder--inducing effects of traumatic events. Also,
      common genetic vulnerabilities can help to explain these comorbidity patterns.
      However, because the studies addressing this issue are few in number,
      heterogeneous and based on a limited sample, more studies are needed in order to
      adequately evaluate these comorbidities, as well as their clinical and
      therapeutic implications.

PMID- 19967203
TI  - [Study review of biological, social and environmental factors associated with
      aggressive behavior].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To study the risk factors related to the development of aggressive
      behavior. METHOD: A search was carried out in two electronic databases, Medline
      and SciElo by retrospective studies, longitudinal and review that assessed risk
      factors for the development of aggressive behavior. RESULTS: There were selected
      11 longitudinal studies (8 prospective and 3 case-control studies) and a cross
      sectional study that evaluated the risk factors and socio-biological related to
      aggressive behavior. Five studies have evaluated gene expression, five evaluated
      exposure to tobacco, alcohol and cocaine in the prenatal period, one evaluated
      the effect of early malnutrition on the development of aggressive behavior and
      one assessed the impact of child maltreatment. CONCLUSION: The main biological
      factors were: genetic (low expression of the monoamine oxidase gene and serotonin
      transporter gene, variations in transporter and dopamine receptor genes),
      exposure to substances during intrauterine development (tobacco, alcohol and
      cocaine) and nutrition (malnutrition). The main environmental factors were: child
      abuse, poverty, crime and antisocial behavior in childhood, while the highest
      level of evidence was related to early neglect. The interaction between
      biological and environmental factors can be catalyzed by a hostile environment,
      increasing the risk for the development of aggressive behavior.

PMID- 19967204
TI  - [Epidemiological analysis of suicide in Brazil from 1980 to 2006].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to carry out an epidemiological
      analysis of the suicide rates found in Brazilian regions and state capitals
      between 1980 and 2006. METHOD: Data on mortality rates due to suicide were
      collected from the Departamento de Informatica do Sistema Unico de Saude
      (Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Public Health System-
      DATASUS). RESULTS: A total of 158,952 suicide cases were registered between 1980
      and 2006, excluding those cases in which the individual was less than 10 years
      old (n = 68). In the period under study, the total suicide rate in Brazil
      increased from 4.4 to 5.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants (29.5%). Higher average
      rates were found in the South (9.3) and Central-West (6.1) regions. Men were more
      likely to commit suicide. The highest suicide rates were found in the 70-years or
      above age range while the highest increases were found in the 20 to 59 year age
      bracket. The most dominant social-demographic characteristics of the persons who
      committed suicide in the period under study were low educational level and
      singlehood. The most common methods of suicide were hanging, fire arms and
      poisoning. CONCLUSION: Although in Brazil the rate increased 29.5% in 26 years,
      the national rate is still considered to be low when compared to worldwide
      suicide rates (average of 4.9 per 100,000 inhabitants). Suicide rates in
      Brazilian regions vary broadly, ranging from 2.7 to 9.3.

PMID- 19967205
TI  - Nursing interventions: alternatives in consolidation.

PMID- 19967206
TI  - Coping mechanisms used by non-burned out and burned out workers in the family
      health strategy.
AB  - This study aimed to investigate stress coping mechanisms used by workers of 16
      Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Six workers with
      scores compatible with the Burnout Syndrome, identified through the Maslach
      Burnout Inventory, and six workers without the syndrome were interviewed in
      January and February 2007. In the reports' content analysis, we identified that
      burned out workers predominantly used individual mechanisms to cope with
      occupational problems, while non-burned out workers sought collective mechanisms.
      These findings indicate the importance of interpersonal relationships among FHS
      team members to cope with occupational stress and the need to develop collective
      strategies to prevent stress and maintain workers' health.

PMID- 19967207
TI  - Dysthanasia, euthanasia, orthotanasia: the perceptions of nurses working in
      intensive care units and care implications.
AB  - This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of nurses working in the Intensive
      Care Unit (ICU) of a University Hospital in Brazil concerning dysthanasia,
      orthotanasia and euthanasia and characterize potential implications of their
      perceptions for care. This quantitative study was carried out with the
      application of a questionnaire to 27 nurses after approval from the institution's
      Ethics Committee and authorization from participants were obtained. None of the
      nurses were able to explain euthanasia, half of them explained dysthanasia, and
      only a third explained orthotanasia, 65.39% recognized some of these processes in
      their daily practice, 25.9% believed nurses cannot provide any contribution even
      being familiar with these concepts and their applicability, 82.36% believed that
      knowledge of bioethical principles is relevant but only 14.81% were able to
      mention these principles. The bases of nurses' professional practice were not
      homogeneous and knowledge about the subject was limited. Orthotanasia, bioethical
      principles and the delivery of humanized care should be the foundation of nursing
      care.

PMID- 19967208
TI  - Satisfaction in dementia and stroke caregivers: a comparative study.
AB  - Informal caregiving to the elderly is associated with the presence of both
      difficulties and positive rewards, but the latter have been considered less
      systematically in gerontological literature. In this cross-sectional study, we
      compared satisfaction of caregivers of demented (n=70) and stroke patients (n=44)
      by means of the Carer's Assessment of Satisfaction Index (CASI) and also compared
      their depression levels. Findings revealed the presence of satisfaction deriving
      from intrapersonal dynamics (elderly as main beneficiary) and from interpersonal
      dynamics (caregiver as main beneficiary) in dementia situations, and the presence
      of satisfaction deriving from intrapersonal dynamics (caregiver as main
      beneficiary) in stroke situations. Both subgroups of caregivers revealed similar
      yet significant levels of depression. The need for a better understanding of
      satisfaction experiences in dementia and stroke caregivers is highlighted.

PMID- 19967209
TI  - Intensive care unit professionals' knowledge and behavior related to the adoption
      of contact precautions.
AB  - This study aimed to assess the knowledge and behavior of professionals working in
      Intensive Care Units (ICU) related to the adoption of contact precautions for the
      control of hospital infections (HI). This cross-sectional study used a semi
      structured questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive and multivariate analyses
      were carried out, including logistic regression and decision tree using CHAID
      algorithm. A total of 102 professionals participated in the study, of whom 36.3%
      presented appropriate knowledge and 51% appropriate behavior in relation to HI
      control measures. Nursing professionals had almost four times more chance (OR =
      3.58, CI 1.48-8.68) of presenting appropriate behavior than the remaining
      professionals. The multivariate analysis did not reveal variables associated with
      knowledge. No statistically significant association was found between knowledge
      and behavior (p = 0.196). These results suggest the need to implement educational
      activities so as to permit a balance between theory and professionals' practice
      concerning HI preventive measures, aiming to improve knowledge and behavior.

PMID- 19967210
TI  - Women with mental disorders and motherhood.
AB  - Mothers' ability to deliver care and tend to the needs of their children is
      considered to generate an adequate preventive environment for infant
      psychological development. This study describes the phenomenon of motherhood from
      the perspective of users of a mental health outpatient clinic in Ribeirao Preto,
      SP, Brazil, through Symbolic Interactionism theoretical framework. Ten women
      under treatment for at least one year and with at least one child between 7 and
      12 years old were interviewed. Grounded Theory was used for data analysis, which
      enabled the development of a theory to explain the phenomenon: 'of perceiving
      oneself in such a way as to keep fighting'. The conclusion is that these women
      need to deal with, recognize and perceive themselves in their maternal role so as
      to keep on fighting limitations imposed by the disease. That these women come and
      see beyond their condition of mental disorder patients is another step towards
      the delivery of more adequate mental health services to meet this demand.

PMID- 19967211
TI  - Particularities of family planning in women with mental disorders.
AB  - The study aimed to identify the gynecological and obstetric profile of women with
      mental disorders; to verify the association between medical diagnosis of mental
      disorder and correct/incorrect use of contraceptive methods, and verify
      diagnoses, frequency of hospitalizations and varieties of medication consumed.
      Participants were 255 women who received care in a Psychosocial Care Service.
      Data were collected through medical record review and structured interview. The
      inheritance of some mental disorders, psychiatric hospitalization as the cause to
      interrupt contraception, use of contraceptives that do not depend on personal
      control, drug interactions between psychotropic drugs and oral contraceptives;
      participation of the partner and/or relatives in the reproductive choice and
      contraceptive practice were particularities of this target audience in family
      planning. There was no statistical association between medical diagnoses and
      correct or incorrect use of contraceptives. Women suffering from mental disorders
      need specific and comprehensive family planning care.

PMID- 19967212
TI  - Maternal satisfaction with maternal-infant nursing care in Campeche, Mexico.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare maternal-satisfaction (global and areas) with
      maternal-child nursing care (MSMINC) and to explore the relationship of MSMINC
      with wait time, length of visit, and maternal age and education. METHODS: Cross
      sectional descriptive study comprising 213 mothers. Group 1 (n = 84), mothers of
      children aged <1 year, and Group 2 (n = 129), mothers of children between 1 and 4
      years of age. The patient satisfaction scale was applied. RESULTS: Global MSMINC
      was 76.26 and 79.21 for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. No associated factors were
      found in Group 1. In Group 2, wait time was associated with MSMINC in the
      technical-professional area (F = 3.13; df = 128; B = -0.21; p = 0.01).
      CONCLUSIONS: The fact that these study participants identified only MSMINC
      associated factors in the technical-professional area may indicate that care is
      centered on technical procedures. Given that MSMINC-associated factors were not
      identified in Group 1, we recommend exploration of maternal expectations and
      perceptions of care.

PMID- 19967213
TI  - Social representations about support for breastfeeding in a group of
      breastfeeding women.
AB  - This study aimed to get to know the social representations about support for
      breastfeeding in a group of breastfeeding women, as well as to identify the
      actions in their social environment these women perceive as supportive in their
      breastfeeding processes. Data were collected through a qualitative approach,
      using recorded semistructured interviews, organized in accordance with the
      Collective Subject Discourse and analyzed under the premises of Social
      Representations Theory. Results showed that the representations of women in this
      study about support for breastfeeding consist of actions available in the
      hospital, family and work contexts. In these women's perspective, support is a
      broad phenomenon that involves aspects of encouragement, promotion and protection
      to breastfeeding.

PMID- 19967214
TI  - Complications of intra-aortic balloon in a cohort of hospitalized patients:
      implications for nursing care.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe complications associated to the use of intra-aortic
      balloon pumps (IABP), and their relationship with dwelling time, presence of risk
      factors/comorbidities, and nursing records. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study,
      in which medical records were analyzed through the completion of specifically
      designed forms. RESULTS: In total, 104 patients were included, with mean age 65+/
      11 years, 52% men; 26 (25%) of them presented vascular complications, more
      frequently ischemia (25%); peripheral vascular disease was the risk
      factor/comorbidity more frequently related to complications (56.3%; p=0.003).
      Nursing records showed that the use of catheter was recorded in 30 cases (29%),
      and the patient's clinical situation after its removal in 28 cases (27%).
      CONCLUSION: This study showed that the frequency of complications related to IABP
      is high. Considering risk factor/comorbidity factors, peripheral vascular disease
      was significantly associated to complications. Nursing records were sub-optimal.

PMID- 19967215
TI  - The meaning of being a man with intestinal stoma due to colorectal cancer: an
      anthropological approach to masculinities.
AB  - This study analyzes the meanings that men with intestinal stoma attribute to
      their colorectal cancer experience and its treatment. The medical anthropology
      framework, gender identity and the ethnographic methods were used. A total of 16
      men from 40 to 79 years of age, residents in Ribeirao Preto and neighboring
      cities, SP, Brazil participated in the study. Data collection was carried out
      through participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Two groups of
      meanings were selected through inductive data analysis: acknowledging the
      severity of the disease and the distress of having cancer, and being submitted to
      surgery and suffering from a stoma. These meanings revealed the tension that
      develops between traditional patterns of masculinity and the new identities
      resulting from the experience. The understanding of these meanings from a
      cultural perspective favors nurse-patient communication and enables planning of
      care appropriate to these patients' needs.

PMID- 19967216
TI  - Reasons that made aged people seek care at a basic health unit.
AB  - This quantitative study aimed to get to know the reasons that made aged people
      seek care at a basic health care outpatient clinic in the State of Santa
      Catarina, Brazil. The data was collected in the patient files of 401 aged people
      attended by the health team. Initial reading of these records evidenced 4634
      reasons that, after qualitative analysis, were grouped under complaints and
      requests for attention. In a second analysis, these data were classified as R and
      Z, according to ICD-10. The R category - complaints expressed by signs and
      symptoms- equals 64% of the reasons, with 'pain' as the most common one. The
      other reasons, 36%, corresponded to the Z category, called requests for
      attention, represented by medicine prescription requests and attendance for
      health control. The study evidenced the complexity of this population's health
      care demands in the study region, showing the need for that service to develop
      specific and interdisciplinary care.

PMID- 19967217
TI  - Nasopharyngeal colonization with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and
      mortality among patients in an intensive care unit.
AB  - Nasopharyngeal colonization with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      (MRSA) is common in critically ill patients, but its effect on patient prognosis
      is not fully elucidated. A retrospective cohort study was carried out enrolling
      122 patients from an intensive care unit who were screened weekly for
      nasopharyngeal colonization with MRSA. The outcomes of interest were: general
      mortality and mortality by infection. Several exposure variables (severity of
      illness, procedures, intercurrences and MRSA nasopharyngeal colonization) were
      analyzed through univariate and multivariable models. Factors significantly
      associated with mortality in general or due to infection were: APACHE II and lung
      disease. The performance of surgery predicted favorable outcomes. MRSA
      colonization did not predict mortality in general (OR=1.02; 95%CI=0.35-3.00;
      p=0.97) or by infectious causes (OR=0.96; 95%CI=0.33-2.89; p=0.96). The results
      suggest that, in the absence of severity of illness factors, colonization with
      MRSA is not associated with unfavorable outcomes.

PMID- 19967218
TI  - The epidemiological dimension of TB/HIV co-infection.
AB  - This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological indicators of TB/HIV co-infection
      in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil from 1998 to 2006. Data of new TB
      cases that initiated treatment between January 1998 and December 2006 were
      obtained from the TB Notification System (EPI-TB) and 306 cases were reported.
      The incidence rate was 5.1/100,000 inhabitants in 2006. Most cases were men
      (72.5%) with ages ranging between 20 and 59 years (96.4 %). The majority (51%)
      had incomplete primary education. Pulmonary TB was the most common type (52.9%)
      and 46.1% of the patients received supervised treatment. In 2006, the cure rate
      was 33.3%, 14.3% death rate and no patient abandoned the treatment. Diagnosis
      occurred at the hospital in 60% of the cases. Results show the need of improved
      coordination between the city's Tuberculosis Control Program and the Sexually
      Transmitted Diseases and HIV Program.

PMID- 19967219
TI  - Beyond DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course) in tuberculosis' control:
      interfacing and sharing needs.
AB  - This study analyzes meanings that health workers attribute to DOTS and points out
      alternatives that contribute to its performance. After the Research Ethics
      Committee approved the project, a semi-structured interview was applied to 15
      health workers from the central region of the city of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
      between August and December 2004. This study used hermeneutic-dialectic reference
      and the theory of social determinants of the health-disease process. DOTS
      contributes to treatment adherence and promotes interfacing in encounters and
      conversations between workers and users at the institutional and territorial
      levels, which permits identifying health needs and implementing appropriate
      interventions. One of the main challenges to its implementation is to become a
      space that enables grasping, decoding and reconstructing meanings in relation to
      the health-disease process including the treatment and life projects of patients
      with tuberculosis.

PMID- 19967220
TI  - Irradiance of phototherapy equipment in maternity wards in Maceio.
AB  - The effectiveness of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia treatment depends directly on
      the amount of energy emitted by light (irradiance). This cross-sectional study
      aimed to determine the irradiance of phototherapy equipment in maternity wards in
      Maceio, AL, Brazil. All equipment in use in the neonatal units in Maceio was
      included in the study, totaling 36 devices, except those in maintenance. The
      measurement of irradiance was carried out with a radiometer. We observed that
      72.20% of the equipment presented efficient irradiance and 27.76% were
      inefficient. The conclusion is that the majority of phototherapy devices are
      emitting the minimum required irradiance for neonatal jaundice treatment.

PMID- 19967221
TI  - Development and reliability of an instrument to measure psychosocial determinants
      of salt consumption among hypertensive patients.
AB  - This study aimed to present the content validity and reliability analyses of an
      instrument to study the determinant factors of salt consumption among
      hypertensive subjects, based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior.
      Content validity was assessed by 3 experts and a pre-test was carried out with 5
      subjects. The final tool, comprising 3 different behaviors related to salt
      consumption and corresponding psychosocial variables, was applied to 32 subjects
      for internal consistency and temporal stability (15-day interval) analysis.
      Cronbach's alpha coefficients > 0.70 and significant intra-class correlation
      coefficients were observed for most variables, indicating the temporal stability
      of the measured concepts. The developed instrument exhibited evidence of both
      content validity and reliability.

PMID- 19967222
TI  - Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument Diabetes - 39 (D-39):
      brazilian version for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients - stage 1.
AB  - The study aimed to accomplish a cross-cultural adaptation of the 'Diabetes - 39 -
      D-39' instrument for Brazil, to test the validity of the adapted version in a
      sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to describe the participants of
      the study, according to the scores obtained on the Likert-type scale. The
      instrument adaptation process followed several steps: instrument translation;
      achievement of the consensus in Portuguese; evaluation by an expert committee;
      back-translation; achievement of the consensus in English; comparison of the
      original and consensus versions in English; semantic analysis and pre-test of the
      Portuguese version. Results showed that the instrument items, in the first stage
      of cultural adaptation to Portuguese, presented high internal consistency levels.

PMID- 19967223
TI  - The profile of potential organ and tissue donors.
AB  - This study aimed to characterize donors according to gender, age group, cause of
      brain death; quantify donors with hypernatremia, hyperpotassemia and
      hypopotassemia; and get to know which organs were the most used in
      transplantations. This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective
      study was performed at the Organ Procurement Organization of the University of
      Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital das Clinicas. Data from the medical records of
      187 potential donors were analyzed. Cerebrovascular accidents represented 53.48%
      of all brain death causes, sodium and potassium disorders occurred in 82.36% of
      cases and 45.46% of the potential donors were between 41 and 60 years old. The
      results evidenced that natural death causes exceeded traumatic deaths, and that
      most donors presented sodium and potassium alterations, likely associated to
      inappropriate maintenance.

PMID- 19967224
TI  - Nursing journals and medication management: identification and categorization of
      publications from 1987 to 2008.
AB  - This study aimed to identify and categorize publications about themes related to
      medication administration in Brazilian nursing journals between 1987 and 2008.
      From a survey in the main health databases, we reviewed literature about the
      theme in six Brazilian journals, classifying the articles into care, teaching,
      research, technique, medication errors, communication and specific drugs. One
      hundred eight articles were identified, particularly in the Revista Latino
      Americana de Enfermagem and the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. The author
      Cassiani and the category specific drugs stand out as responsible for the largest
      number of articles published. Efforts need to be added up with a view to a more
      expressive production of articles on medication administration.

PMID- 19967225
TI  - Physiotherapy treatments for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a literature
      review.
AB  - Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer among women. Surgery is part of
      the therapeutic process to prevent metastases, but it can also cause some
      complications, including lymphedema. Physiotherapy contributes to its treatment,
      using different techniques that have been developed over the years. This
      systematic literature review aims to present physiotherapy modalities applied for
      lymphedema therapy. The literature review was conducted using textbooks and
      Lilacs, Pubmed and Scielo databases, from 1951 to 2009. Physiotherapy resources
      used for lymphedema treatment include complex decongestive therapy (CDT),
      pneumatic compression (PC), high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) and laser
      therapy. The analyzed literature shows that better results are obtained with
      combined techniques. CDT is the most used protocol, and its association with PC
      has demonstrated efficacy. The new techniques HVES and laser present satisfactory
      results.

PMID- 19967226
TI  - Case histories of infectious disease management in developing countries: Phnom
      Penh and Kabul.
AB  - Healthcare in developing countries is affected by severe poverty, political
      instability and diseases that may be of lesser importance in industrialized
      countries. The aim of this paper was to present two cases and histories of
      physicians working in hospitals in developing countries and to discuss the
      opportunities for clinical investigation and collaboration. Cases of patients in
      Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with histoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, crusted
      scabies, cerebral lesions and human immunodeficiency virus and of patients in
      Kabul, Afghanistan, with liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and facial ulcer are
      discussed. Greater developmental support is required from industrialized nations,
      and mutually beneficial cooperation is possible since similar clinical problems
      exist on both sides (e.g. opportunistic cardiovascular infections). Examples for
      possible support of hospital medicine include physician interchange visits with
      defined objectives (e.g. infection control or echocardiography training) and
      collaboration with clinical investigations and projects developed locally (e.g.
      epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases or nosocomial bloodborne infections).

PMID- 19967227
TI  - Etiological treatment of young women infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, and
      prevention of congenital transmission.
AB  - The objective was to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection in 32 children in Salta,
      Argentina, born to 16 chronically infected young women who were treated with
      benznidazole. Tests were performed to assess the efficacy of treatment after 14
      years. At the end of the follow up, 87.5% of the women were non-reactive to EIA
      tests, 62.5% to IHA and 43.8% to IFA. 62.5% of the women were non-reactive
      according to two or three serological tests. No infected children were detected
      among the newborns of mothers treated before their pregnancy.

PMID- 19967228
TI  - Epidemiological study on leishmaniasis in an area of environmental tourism and
      ecotourism, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2006-2007.
AB  - The aims of this study were to carry out a serological survey of canine
      leishmaniasis and identify the phlebotomine fauna in the urban area of Bonito,
      Mato Grosso do Sul. The serological survey was conducted on a sample of 303 dogs,
      by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Phlebotomines were captured
      using automated light traps. The serological survey found that 30% of the dogs
      were seropositive, both from the center and from all districts of the town. A
      total of 2,772 specimens of phlebotomines were caught and the species most found
      was Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%), which corroborated its role as the vector of
      for canine visceral leishmaniasis in the region. Phlebotomines of the species
      Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (the main vector for Leishmania (Leishmania)
      amazonensis) and Nyssomyia whitmani (the vector for Leishmania (Viannia)
      brasiliensis) were also caught. The findings indicate the need for continuous
      epidemiological surveillance, with attention towards diminishing the vector
      breeding sites and the transmission of these diseases in that region.

PMID- 19967229
TI  - Is an increased body mass index associated with a risk of cutaneous
      leishmaniasis?
AB  - All adults (n = 334) living in Brejo do Mutambal, an endemic area for cutaneous
      leishmaniasis, were included in this study. Contrary to our initial hypothesis,
      it was observed that men (23.7 +/- 3.2 vs. 22.1 +/- 2.6 kg/m(2)) and women (24.1
      +/- 4.7 vs. 22.5 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2)) with cutaneous leishmaniasis presented higher
      body mass index than the controls.

PMID- 19967230
TI  - [Visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Varzea Grande, State of Mato
      Grosso, between 1998 and 2007].
AB  - This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and spread of visceral
      leishmaniasis in the municipality of Varzea Grande, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil,
      between 1998 and 2007. Forty-eight human cases were reported, with an incidence
      rate of up to 11.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, particularly among children and
      adolescents of both sexes, with marked geographical spread of the disease in the
      municipality.

PMID- 19967231
TI  - [First epidemiological description of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande,
      State of Mato Grosso do Sul].
AB  - An epidemiological study was conducted on cases of visceral leishmaniasis that
      were notified in Campo Grande between 2001 and 2006, using data from the
      Brazilian information system for notifiable diseases (Sistema de Informacao de
      Agravos de Notificacao, SINAN). In 2001, 577 cases were notified, giving an
      incidence of 1.47 cases/100,000. This rose to 20.98 cases/100,000 in 2006. From
      2002 onwards, new cases were notified every month. Children up to nine years of
      age accounted for 40% of the cases. Males accounted for 64% of the cases and
      females, 36%. The death rate ranged from 5 to 11%, with a mean of 8%. Among the
      44 deaths, 33 (75%) were male cases and 11 (25%) were female cases. Although
      elderly people accounted for 9% of the cases, mortality among them reached 39%.
      There were 27 cases of Leishmania /HIV coinfection (5%), with a mortality rate of
      15%, mostly among men aged 20 to 49 years. A process of disease endemization with
      a high rate of incidence was observed.

PMID- 19967232
TI  - [Population mobility and production of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the
      State of Parana, southern Brazil].
AB  - Information on the role of population mobility in maintaining American
      tegumentary leishmaniasis in the State of Parana is scarce. Population mobility
      was evaluated as a risk factor for this endemic disease in three mesoregions of
      Parana, using data built up at the State University of Maringa, covering 1987 to
      2004. A total of 1,933 cases were notified, mostly among migrants (54.4%). The
      municipalities with the greatest numbers of cases notified were Maringa (358),
      Doutor Camargo (108) and Terra Boa (105). The rural cases were predominantly
      autochthonous (89.8%), while the urban cases were mostly among migrants (84.8%)
      (p < 0.0001). Among the rural autochthonous cases, there was no difference
      between the sexes (p = 0.127), whereas among the urban migrant cases, men
      predominated (p < 0.0001). The migrant cases were mostly related to mobility
      within and between municipalities. Population mobility seems to be an important
      variable in the epidemiology of this disease in the State of Parana.

PMID- 19967233
TI  - [Urban expansion and spatial distribution of malaria in the municipality of
      Manaus, State of Amazonas].
AB  - In the municipality of Manaus, intensification of the migratory process, along
      with precarious epidemiological and entomological surveillance, resulted in
      reintroduction of malaria transmission on the urban perimeter (in the eastern
      zone), in July 1988, after 13 years without any records of autochthonous disease.
      This study reports on the epidemiological situation relating to malaria and to
      the areas that were subjected to human actions (deforestation, human settlement,
      fish-rearing activity, etc) in Manaus, between 1986 and 2005. In this
      municipality, the population increase from 1986 to 2005 was 105.2%. This resulted
      from occupation of space, in the form of invasions and housing projects. From
      2003, the increase in relation to 1986 was more than 2,000%. In these areas,
      there were increases in disease incidence. The annual parasitic index in the
      municipality ranged from low to medium risk and, between urban zones, it ranged
      from no risk to high risk. In the eastern, western and northern zones, which
      still contain areas with agricultural characteristics, there was greater
      receptivity and vulnerability to transmission.

PMID- 19967234
TI  - [Yellow fever: study of an outbreak].
AB  - This study had the aim of describing an outbreak of yellow fever that occurred in
      the municipalities under the jurisdiction of the Regional Healthcare
      Administration of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, between 2002 and 2003, in which 36
      cases were notified. This was an autochthonous outbreak of wild-type yellow
      fever. Failure of vaccinal coverage and low levels of detection of mild cases
      were found. Among the cases, 33 (91.7%) were male and the age range was from 16
      to 67 years. Nineteen (52.8%) of the cases were classified as severe and 12 men
      (33.3%) died of the disease. All of the cases came from rural areas and presented
      fever, headache, vomiting, jaundice, myalgia, oliguria and signs of hemorrhage.
      Surveillance through laboratory tests was the determining factor in diagnosing
      the outbreak. By describing the epidemiological and clinic findings, this study
      contributes towards diagnosing and classifying this disease. It was deduced that
      there is a relationship between deforestation, and outbreaks, and that there is a
      potential regional risk of yellow fever because of the local development of
      tourism.

PMID- 19967236
TI  - [The aids epidemic in the State of Sao Paulo: application of the full Bayesian
      space-time model].
AB  - The State of Sao Paulo accounts for approximately 40% of the AIDS cases notified
      in Brazil and provides a suitable opportunity for space-time analysis aimed at
      better understanding of the dissemination of HIV/AIDS. Using the AIDS cases
      notified to the Ministry of Health between 1990 and 2004, among individuals aged
      15 years or over, and the Ministry of Health's information system for disease
      notification (Sistema de Informacao de Agravos e Notificacao, SINAN) as the
      information source, the relative risks of AIDS over three-year periods were
      estimated using full Bayesian models, for each gender. The models used were shown
      to be adequate for explaining the process of AIDS dissemination in the State of
      Sao Paulo and demonstrated the growth among females and in small-sized
      municipalities. They also suggested that the municipalities currently most
      affected are in regions of economic growth and have populations of less than
      50,000 inhabitants.

PMID- 19967235
TI  - [Seroprevalence of antibodies for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus,
      syphilis and HIV among pregnant women in Sergipe].
AB  - The seroprevalence of antibodies for HIV, syphilis, toxoplasmosis,
      cytomegalovirosis and rubella and its association with age and origin was
      investigated among pregnant women in Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. A total of
      9,550 pregnant women (2,112 from the state capital and 7,438 from other
      municipalities) were enrolled in the study and consecutively tested during their
      first antenatal care visit in 2007. The following serum prevalences were found:
      syphilis (0.9%; 95% CI 0.7%-1.6%), HIV (0.14%; 95% CI 0.08%-0.2%), toxoplasmosis
      (IgG 69.3%; 95% CI 68.3%-70.2%; IgM 0.4%, 95% CI 0.3%-0.6%), cytomegalovirosis
      (IgG 76.6%, 95% CI 75.7%-77.5%; IgM 0.2%, 95% CI 0.09%-0.3%) and rubella (IgG
      71.6%, 95% CI 70.7%-72.6%; IgM 0.1%, 95% CI 0.04%-0.2%). Toxoplasmosis
      seropositivity increased with age. The prevalences of IgG antibodies for
      toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and rubella were higher in Aracaju (state capital)
      than in other municipalities in the State of Sergipe. The results showed that a
      large proportion of the pregnant women, particularly in municipalities other than
      the state capital, were susceptible to toxoplasmosis, rubella and
      cytomegalovirus, with a risk for their infants.

PMID- 19967237
TI  - [Pattern of HIV/AIDS infection in Manaus, State of Amazonas, between 1986 and
      2000].
AB  - The objective of this study was to describe HIV infection in Manaus, Amazonas,
      between 1986 and 2000. This was a descriptive study on confirmed cases of
      HIV/AIDS among adults, from the medical records of the State Reference Service.
      To delineate the spatial epidemiological profile and historical trends, the
      following periods were considered: 1986-1990, 1991-1995 and 1996-2000. The
      behavioral, social and clinical variables were analyzed by means of descriptive
      statistics. The spatial trends and patterns and the incidence rates were
      presented according to residential district using thematic maps. Among the 1,400
      cases studied, the mortality rate decreased from 61.3% to 17.8% and the gender
      ratio (four men/one woman) decreased over the study period. The main exposure
      route was sexual: bisexual (31%) and heterosexual (19.3%). There was a high rate
      of late diagnosis, made during the symptomatic phase of AIDS (50.8%). This study
      showed that HIV/AIDS infection in Manaus has spread slowly and progressively from
      the central area of the city towards the south, north, east and west.

PMID- 19967238
TI  - [Enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy].
AB  - The etiology of the diarrheic process in AIDS may be caused by viruses, bacteria,
      fungi, protozoa or helminths, as well as HIV itself. This study evaluated
      enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in HIV patients who were on antiretroviral
      therapy. The parasitological methods used were Faust, Hoffmann and Kinyoun.
      Isolation and culturing of fungi were carried out in accordance with the
      methodology recommended by the NCCLS M27-A standard. The yeast species were
      identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacteria were isolated on
      MacConkey and SS agar and the species were identified using Enterokit B (Probac
      do Brasil) and biochemical methods. Forty-nine patients were evaluated: 44.89%
      presented enteroparasites and 48.1% presented Candida sp, of which 61.5% were
      Candida albicans, 7.6% were Candida sp and 30.7% were Candida non-albicans.
      Bacteria were isolated from 72% of the patients, of which 49% were Escherichia
      coli, 13% Salmonella parathyphi, Klebsiella sp or Proteus and 6% Citrobacter
      freundii or Yersinia sp. There was high prevalence of Candida sp in HIV patients
      with diarrhea and non-albicans species were isolated. Their presence could be
      taken to mean that they were accomplices in or causes of the infection.

PMID- 19967239
TI  - [Prevalence of the TEM, SHV and CTX-M families of extended-spectrum beta
      lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp at the University Hospital of
      Santa Maria, State of Rio Grande do Sul].
AB  - In this study, the distribution and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta
      lactamases belonging to the TEM, SHV and CTX-M families were estimated among
      samples of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. at the university hospital of
      Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Over a 14-month period, 90 microorganisms were
      selected as likely ESBL producers. The isolates were subjected to confirmatory
      phenotype tests for the presence of ESBL. Through investigating the respective
      genes using the polymerase chain reaction, the ESBL types present in each
      microorganism were then determined. Fifty-five samples (61.1%) were confirmed as
      ESBL-positive by means of the combined disc method, and 57 (63.3%) were found to
      be ESBL producers by means of the double disc method. From the polymerase chain
      reaction, ESBLs of TEM and SHV types were more frequently present in Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, while ESBL of CTX-M type was more frequently present in Klebsiella
      oxytoca.

PMID- 19967240
TI  - [Profile of snakebite accidents in the north of the State of Minas Gerais,
      Brazil].
AB  - The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of snakebite
      accidents in the healthcare macroregion of the north of the State of Minas
      Gerais, Brazil. Database information on snakebite accidents covering the period
      from January 2002 to December 2006 was analyzed. It was found that 10,553 cases
      were notified, and that the samples were noticeably larger in the months of hot
      and rainy weather, in urban areas (54.1%), at ages less then 20 years (39.7%) and
      among men and students (53.1% and 29.1%) respectively. The lower limbs (feet,
      toes, legs and thighs) were the locations most affected (35.9%). The most
      prevalent snakes were in the genus Bothrops (82.9%) and most of the accidents
      were mild (66.2%). In this study, it was seen that the seasonality, urbanization
      and undernotification of the species involved in these accidents had a notable
      impact, along with seeking walk-in care. It is expected that the new data
      obtained from this sample may serve as the substrate for planning and
      implementing measures for healthcare surveillance.

PMID- 19967241
TI  - [Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as vectors for bacteria in two hospitals in the
      municipality of Divinopolis, State of Minas Gerais].
AB  - The presence of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in hospital environments may
      constitute a public health problem, especially since they are mechanical vectors
      for pathogenic organisms. This study aimed to survey the ant populations and
      analyze the presence of bacteria associated with them in two medium-sized
      regional hospitals in the municipality of Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
      Specimens were collected every monthly over a six-month period. The following ant
      species were found: Pheidole sp1 and sp2, Linepithema humile, Wasmannia
      auropunctata, Camponotus sp1 and sp2, Odontomachus sp, Solenopsis sp, Acromyrmex
      sp and Tapinoma melenocephalum. It was observed that these ants mechanically
      transported Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli
      and non-pathogenic and pathogenic Staphylococcus. These results show the
      propensity for occurrences of hospital infections at these sites caused by
      mechanical transmission of pathogens by ants.

PMID- 19967242
TI  - Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and
      control.
AB  - From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed
      in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the
      continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental
      slopes of the Gericino massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more
      than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference
      between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%.
      Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were
      detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The
      associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine
      migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental
      preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable
      setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close
      epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and
      others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the
      incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than
      0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in
      1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations
      where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human
      cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine
      seroprevalence.

PMID- 19967243
TI  - Schistosomiasis mansoni of the bladder simulating bladder cancer: a case report.
AB  - The relationship between bladder tumors and Schistosoma haematobium is well
      known, but only sporadic cases of bladder infection due to Schistosoma mansoni
      have been reported. In this case, a 48-year-old woman with macroscopic hematuria,
      dysuria and a palpable abdominal mass was investigated. Ultrasound showed a large
      exophytic mass in the bladder. Transurethral resection of the bladder revealed
      viable eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. The patient was treated clinically with
      oxamniquine and surgery was performed to resect the large mass. This case shows
      that schistosomiasis Mansoni in the bladder can simulate bladder cancer.

PMID- 19967244
TI  - Genital schistosomiasis mansoni: tubal tumor and parietal peritoneum involvement
      diagnosed during laparoscopy.
AB  - Female genital schistosomiasis is not uncommon in endemic areas for
      schistosomiasis, but there are few reports in the Brazilian medical literature.
      Here, we describe the case of a 31-year-old woman with lower abdominal pain who
      was diagnosed as presenting a fallopian tube tumor caused by Manson's
      schistosomiasis. The diagnosis was delayed because her symptoms were considered
      nonspecific. Involvement of the parietal peritoneum of the ovarian fossa was
      observed during laparoscopy and confirmed by histological analysis. The left tube
      and the tumor were excised and schistosomiasis was treated with praziquantel. She
      presented a full recovery and options for future reproduction are under
      evaluation.

PMID- 19967245
TI  - [Right-side infective endocarditis: discrepancy between clinical and
      echocardiographic evolution: case report].
AB  - Infective endocarditis is a relatively rare disease in clinical practice, with
      significant morbidity and mortality despite the improvements on its diagnosis and
      treatment. It is often difficult to identify its complications and define
      strategies for them. Dissociation between the clinical evolution and the findings
      from complementary tests (especially echocardiographic tests) is common. Clinical
      decisions become even more difficult when there are atypical manifestations of
      the disease, such as right-side endocarditis. This report is about a rare case of
      right-side endocarditis in a patient with chronic renal disease, in which there
      was a contradiction between worsening of the echocardiographic findings and
      clinical improvement. This situation may lead to difficulties regarding the
      criteria for indicating surgery and the safety of conservative clinical
      treatment.

PMID- 19967246
TI  - Analysis of GB virus C infection among HIV-HCV coinfected patients.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GB virus C on laboratory
      markers and histological parameters among HIV-seropositive patients coinfected
      with HCV. Lower degrees of hepatic lesions were observed in the triple-infected
      patients, in comparison with HIV-HCV coinfected patients who were negative for
      GBV-C RNA.

PMID- 19967247
TI  - [New outbreak of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a military training center
      in the Zona da Mata region, in the north of the State of Pernambuco].
AB  - A new outbreak of American tegumentary leishmaniasis among military personnel is
      reported, with 71 cases confirmed by means of clinical, epidemiological and
      laboratory criteria. Seven samples were isolated and were identified as
      Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The occurrence of outbreaks in this region
      confirms the endemic nature of this disease, and the magnitude of the occurrence
      seems to be related to non-adoption of individual protection measures.

PMID- 19967248
TI  - [Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in indigenous villages in the State of Mato
      Grosso].
AB  - This study was conducted in 25 indigenous villages in 13 municipalities of the
      State of Mato Grosso. 4,424 specimens of 37 species of the genus Lutzomyia and
      one species of the genus Brumptomyia were identified. Vectors for American
      tegumentary leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis were abundantly captured,
      and these represented 28.7% (Lutzomyia whitmani) and 23.6% (Lutzomyia
      longipalpis), respectively.

PMID- 19967249
TI  - [Occurrence of Psammolestes coreodes Bergroth, 1911 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae:
      Triatominae), in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul].
AB  - This paper describes the occurrence of Psammolestes coreodes Bergroth, 1911, for
      the first time in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 2006, a specimen was caught
      in a peridomestic environment in the municipality of Miranda, thereby including
      Mato Grosso do Sul within the geographical distribution of this species.

PMID- 19967250
TI  - [Brazilian Network of Attention and Studies on Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV Co-infection
      and others immunossupression conditions].

PMID- 19967251
TI  - [Importance of encouragement of studies about neglected tropical diseases].

PMID- 19967252
TI  - Mild, moderate and intense Symmers's fibrosis in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
      mansoni.

PMID- 19967253
TI  - Brazilian bioethicists and the principles of universality and integrality in the
      National Health System.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To understand the meanings attributed by Brazilian bioethicists to the
      principles of universality and integrality in the Brazilian public health system.
      METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: A qualitative and exploratory research was carried out
      with 20 Bioethics professors in the field of public health from July 2007 to July
      2008. Participants were directors and former directors of the Brazilian Bioethics
      Society and of its local departments. Semi-structured interviews with open
      questions were conducted and followed by content analysis. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS:
      With regard to the principle of the universal access of Brazilians to the public
      system, most of interviewees were in favor of maintaining it. However, there were
      divergences of the principle of integrality, with the majority being inclined to
      restrict it. CONCLUSIONS: Bioethicists hold a plurality of moral values and
      difficulties to morally decide on what would be a fair health system.

PMID- 19967254
TI  - Spatial heterogeneity of dengue fever in local studies, City of Niteroi,
      Southeastern Brazil.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial and temporal occurrence of dengue fever and its
      association with the heterogeneity of urban environment characteristics. METHODS:
      A total of 1,212 dengue cases, recorded in the Information System for Notifiable
      Diseases (Sinan) between 1998 and 2006, in the city of Niteroi, Southeastern
      Brazil, were georeferenced according to census tracts. These tracts were
      classified into homogeneous areas for the occurrence of the disease: slum,
      shipyard and urban area. Cases were grouped into five periods--two inter-epidemic
      periods (1998-2000 and 2003-2005) and three epidemic periods (2001, 2002 and
      2006)--and analyzed using operations between layers in a geographic information
      system (GIS) environment. The kernel method was used to identify clusters of
      cases. Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic was used to confirm these clusters
      statistically. RESULTS: Of all cases, 57% were females. Age groups with the
      highest number of cases were 20-29-years (20.5%) and 30-39-years (17.7%). The
      hill slum sector showed only 11% of households covered by garbage collection
      service, the highest percentage of illiterate individuals (8.7%) and head of
      families with income lower than one monthly minimum wage (29.5%). Cases remained
      in the slum sectors. In the first epidemic year and in the inter-epidemic
      periods, the highest number of cases was found in the hill and flatland slum
      sectors; in the second and third epidemic years, in the flatland slum sector.
      CONCLUSIONS: The economically active portion of the population was that most
      affected in the study area. Census tracts show spatial heterogeneity in relation
      to life conditions. In addition, in some tracts, there are differences in spatial
      and temporal distribution of the risk of occurrence of dengue fever.

PMID- 19967255
TI  - Surveillance of mother-to-child HIV transmission: socioeconomic and health care
      coverage indicators.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify clustering areas of infants exposed to HIV during
      pregnancy and their association with indicators of primary care coverage and
      socioeconomic condition. METHODS: Ecological study where the unit of analysis was
      primary care coverage areas in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, in
      2003. Geographical Information System and spatial analysis tools were used to
      describe indicators of primary care coverage areas and socioeconomic condition,
      and estimate the prevalence of liveborn infants exposed to HIV during pregnancy
      and delivery. Data was obtained from Brazilian national databases. The
      association between different indicators was assessed using Spearman's
      nonparametric test. RESULTS: There was found an association between HIV infection
      and high birth rates (r=0.22, p<0.01) and lack of prenatal care (r=0.15, p<0.05).
      The highest HIV infection rates were seen in areas with poor socioeconomic
      conditions and difficult access to health services (r=0.28, p<0.01). The
      association found between higher rate of prenatal care among HIV-infected women
      and adequate immunization coverage (r=0.35, p<0.01) indicates that early
      detection of HIV infection is effective in those areas with better primary care
      services. CONCLUSIONS: Urban poverty is a strong determinant of mother-to-child
      HIV transmission but this trend can be fought with health surveillance at the
      primary care level.

PMID- 19967256
TI  - Factors considered important for health maintenance by the population.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors that adults and elderly individuals regard as the
      most important for health maintenance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study performed
      with 4,060 adults and 4,003 elderly individuals in areas covered by 240 primary
      health units in the Brazilian Southern and Northeastern regions, in 2005. A card
      with pictures and sentences about seven factors associated with the risk of non
      communicable diseases and health problems was shown to individuals so they should
      point out the most relevant factor for health. These factors were as follows: to
      maintain a healthy diet, to exercise regularly, to avoid excessive drinking, to
      have regular medical check-ups, not to smoke, to maintain the ideal weight, and
      to control or avoid stress. Adjusted analysis was carried out by Poisson
      regression, with calculations of adjusted prevalence ratios, respective 95%
      confidence intervals and significance values, using Wald tests for heterogeneity
      and linear trend. RESULTS: Factors most frequently indicated by adults were the
      following: to maintain a healthy diet (33.8%), to exercise regularly (21.4%) and
      not to smoke (13.9%). Among the elderly, factors most frequently reported were:
      to maintain a healthy diet (36.7%), not to smoke (17.7%) and to have regular
      medical check-ups (14.2%). Differences among factors mentioned were observed,
      according to geographical region, and demographic, socioeconomic and health
      variables. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of adults and elderly individuals of both
      regions recognize and indicate the need to maintain a healthy diet and not to
      smoke as the most important health maintenance measures. Health education
      strategies should consider these characteristics to promote specific measures to
      be adopted for each population segment.

PMID- 19967257
TI  - Sexual violence and its association with health self-perception among pregnant
      women.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of sexual violence history among pregnant
      women and its association with the self-perception of health status. METHODS:
      Cross-sectional study including a total of 179 pregnant women older than 14 years
      old at gestation week 14 to 28 attending public health services in the city of
      Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 2006 and 2007. Data collection
      instruments included: questionnaire on sexual violence; questionnaire on
      sociodemographic data; and an assessment of health-related quality of life using
      the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12(R)). Age, skin
      color, education, occupational and marital status, and self-perception of
      physical and mental health were compared between women with and without a
      lifetime history of sexual violence. Sexual violence was categorized as
      penetrative and non-penetrative sex. RESULTS: Among all women interviewed, the
      prevalence of sexual violence was 39.1%, of which 20% were of penetrative type by
      known perpetrators. In 57% of cases, the first episode of violence was before the
      age of 14. There were no sociodemographic differences between women with and
      without history of sexual violence. Mean scores of self-perception of physical
      health among women with history of sexual violence were lower (42.2; SD= 8.3)
      compared to those without history of sexual violence (51.0; SD= 7.5) (p<0.001).
      Mean scores of self-perception of mental health were 37.4 (SD= 11.2) and 48.1
      (SD= 10.2) (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was found high prevalence
      of sexual violence among pregnant women studied. Women with history of sexual
      violence showed poorer self-perception of health status compared to those without
      history of sexual violence.

PMID- 19967258
TI  - Intimate partner violence against women in an economically vulnerable urban area,
      Central-West Brazil.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of gender-based controlling behavior and
      types of violence committed by intimate partners against women living in an
      economically vulnerable area. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with
      278 women aged between 15 and 49 years, who had had at least one male intimate
      partner in their lives and lived in a metropolitan area of the city of Brasilia,
      Central-West Brazil, in 2007. Systematic random sampling process was used. The
      research instrument consisted of a questionnaire with 58 questions, developed by
      the World Health Organization. Prevalences of physical, psychological and sexual
      violence were analyzed. Independent variables considered were women's
      sociodemographic, family and community context characteristics, in addition to
      their partners' sociodemographic and behavior characteristics (frequency of
      alcohol or illicit drug use and extra-marital relationship). RESULTS: The highest
      prevalence was that of psychological violence: 80.2% (n=223) of the women
      interviewed reported at least one act throughout their lives and 50% (n=139) in
      the last 12 months. Prevalence of physical violence was 58.6% throughout life and
      32% in the last 12 months, whereas those of sexual violence were 28.8% and 15.5%,
      respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalences of violence show the magnitude of
      vulnerability and aggressions committed against women in relationships with
      intimate partners.

PMID- 19967259
TI  - Psychosocial and organizational factors relating to adherence to standard
      precautions.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of psychosocial and organizational factors
      relating to adherence to standard precautions for preventing exposure to
      biological material in hospitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted
      among 270 medical and nursing professionals at a university hospital in the
      municipality of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2002. After selection by means
      of simple random sampling, the participants answered a questionnaire on
      psychosocial variables in the form of a Likert scale. The construct validity was
      evaluated using factor analysis and the reliability, by means of Cronbach's alpha
      coefficient. The association between psychosocial factors and adherence to
      standard precautions were obtained by means of multiple logistic regression
      analysis, with backward elimination of nonsignificant variables. RESULTS: The
      scales showed satisfactory validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha between
      0.67 and 0.82). Individual, work-related and organizational factors explained
      38.5% of the overall rate of adherence to standard precautions. This overall rate
      of adherence was significantly associated with being a physician, receiving
      training in standard precautions at the hospital, downplaying the obstacles to
      following the standard precautions, taking the job more seriously, having
      feedback from safety practices and implementing managerial actions to support
      safety. CONCLUSIONS: Individual, work-related and organizational factors together
      influenced the adherence to standard precautions. Programs for preventing
      occupational exposure to biological material need to take into account the
      obstacles to following standard precautions within clinical practice, and to
      emphasize organizational support policies for safety at work.

PMID- 19967260
TI  - L-histidine provokes a state-dependent memory retrieval deficit in mice re
      exposed to the elevated plus-maze.
AB  - The effects of L-histidine (LH) on anxiety and memory retrieval were investigated
      in adult male Swiss Albino mice (weight 30-35 g) using the elevated plus-maze.
      The test was performed on two consecutive days: trial 1 (T1) and trial 2 (T2). In
      T1, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of saline (SAL) or LH before the
      test and were then injected again and retested 24 h later. LH had no effect on
      anxiety at the dose of 200 mg/kg since there was no difference between the SAL
      SAL and LH-LH groups at T1 regarding open-arm entries (OAE) and open-arm time
      (OAT) (mean +/- SEM; OAE: 4.0 +/- 0.71, 4.80 +/- 1.05; OAT: 40.55 +/- 9.90, 51.55
      +/- 12.10, respectively; P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test), or at the dose of 500
      mg/kg (OAE: 5.27 +/- 0.73, 4.87 +/- 0.66; OAT: 63.93 +/- 11.72, 63.58 +/- 10.22;
      P > 0.05, Fisher LSD test). At T2, LH-LH animals did not reduce open-arm activity
      (OAE and OAT) at the dose of 200 mg/kg (T1: 4.87 +/- 0.66, T2: 5.47 +/- 1.05; T1:
      63.58 +/- 10.22; T2: 49.01 +/- 8.43 for OAE and OAT, respectively; P > 0.05,
      Wilcoxon test) or at the dose of 500 mg/kg (T1: 4.80 +/- 1.60, T2: 4.70 +/- 1.04;
      T1: 51.55 +/- 12.10, T2: 43.88 +/- 10.64 for OAE and OAT, respectively; P > 0.05,
      Fisher LSD test), showing an inability to evoke memory 24 h later. These data
      suggest that LH does not act on anxiety but does induce a state-dependent memory
      retrieval deficit in mice.

PMID- 19967261
TI  - Effect of aging and oral tolerance on dendritic cell function.
AB  - Oral tolerance can be induced in some mouse strains by gavage or spontaneous
      ingestion of dietary antigens. In the present study, we determined the influence
      of aging and oral tolerance on the secretion of co-stimulatory molecules by
      dendritic cells (DC), and on the ability of DC to induce proliferation and
      cytokine secretion by naive T cells from BALB/c and OVA transgenic (DO11.10)
      mice. We observed that oral tolerance could be induced in BALB/c mice (N = 5 in
      each group) of all ages (8, 20, 40, 60, and 80 weeks old), although a decline in
      specific antibody levels was observed in the sera of both tolerized and immunized
      mice with advancing age (40 to 80 weeks old). DC obtained from young, adult and
      middle-aged (8, 20, and 40 weeks old) tolerized mice were less efficient (65, 17
      and 20%, respectively) than DC from immunized mice (P < 0.05) in inducing antigen
      specific proliferation of naive T cells from both BALB/c and DO11.10 young mice,
      or in stimulating IFN-g, IL-4 and IL-10 production. However, TGF-beta levels were
      significantly elevated in co-cultures carried out with DC from tolerant mice (P <
      0.05). DC from both immunized and tolerized old and very old (60 and 80 weeks
      old) mice were equally ineffective in inducing T cell proliferation and cytokine
      production (P < 0.05). A marked reduction in CD86+ marker expression was observed
      in DC isolated from both old and tolerized mice (75 and 50%, respectively). The
      results indicate that the aging process does not interfere with the establishment
      of oral tolerance in BALB/c mice, but reduces DC functions, probably due to the
      decline of the expression of the CD86 surface marker.

PMID- 19967262
TI  - Cross-transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in patients undergoing
      dialysis and kidney transplant.
AB  - The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of vancomycin
      resistant Enterococcus (VRE) cross-transmission between two patient groups (long
      term dialysis and kidney transplant patients). Molecular typing, by automated
      ribotyping with the RiboPrinter Microbial Characterization System (Qualicon,
      USA), was used to analyze VRE isolates from 31 fecal samples of 320 dialysis
      patients and 38 fecal samples of 280 kidney transplant patients. Clonal spread of
      E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus was observed intragroup, but not between the two
      groups of patients. In turn, transmission of E. gallinarum and E. faecium between
      the groups was suggested by the finding of vancomycin-resistant isolates
      belonging to the same ribogroup in both dialysis and transplant patients. The
      fact that these patients were colonized by VRE from the same ribogroup in the
      same health care facility provides evidence for cross-transmission and supports
      the adoption of stringent infection control measures to prevent dissemination of
      these bacteria.

PMID- 19967263
TI  - Do Caucasian and Asian clocks tick differently?
AB  - The Period 3 and Clock genes are important components of the mammalian molecular
      circadian system. Studies have shown association between polymorphisms in these
      clock genes and circadian phenotypes in different populations. Nevertheless,
      differences in the pattern of allele frequency and genotyping distribution are
      systematically observed in studies with different ethnic groups. To investigate
      and compare the pattern of distribution in a sample of Asian and Caucasian
      populations living in Brazil, we evaluated two well-studied polymorphisms in the
      clock genes: a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in PER3 and a single
      nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CLOCK. The aim of this investigation was to
      search for clues about human evolutionary processes related to circadian rhythms.
      We selected 109 Asian and 135 Caucasian descendants. The frequencies of the
      shorter allele (4 repeats) in the PER3 gene and the T allele in the CLOCK gene
      among Asians (0.86 and 0.84, respectively) were significantly higher than among
      Caucasians (0.69 and 0.71, respectively). Our results directly confirmed the
      different distribution of these polymorphisms between the Asian and Caucasian
      ethnic groups. Given the genetic differences found between groups, two points
      became evident: first, ethnic variations may have implications for the
      interpretation of results in circadian rhythm association studies, and second,
      the question may be raised about which evolutionary conditions shaped these
      genetic clock variations.

PMID- 19967265
TI  - Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus reverses motor deficits but not death of
      nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion model of
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to determine whether lesion of the
      subthalamic nucleus (STN) promoted by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) would rescue
      nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      injection into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Initially, 16 mg 6-OHDA (6-OHDA
      group) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid - aCSF; Sham group) was infused
      into the right MFB of adult male Wistar rats. Fifteen days after surgery, the 6
      OHDA and SHAM groups were randomly subdivided and received ipsilateral injection
      of either 60 mM NMDA or aCSF in the right STN. Additionally, a control group was
      not submitted to stereotaxic surgery. Five groups of rats were studied: 6
      OHDA/NMDA, 6-OHDA/Sham, Sham/NMDA, Sham/Sham, and Control. Fourteen days after
      injection of 6-OHDA, rats were submitted to the rotational test induced by
      apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg, ip) and to the open-field test. The same tests were
      performed again 14 days after NMDA-induced lesion of the STN. The STN lesion
      reduced the contralateral turns induced by apomorphine and blocked the
      progression of motor impairment in the open-field test in 6-OHDA-treated rats.
      However, lesion of the STN did not prevent the reduction of striatal
      concentrations of dopamine and metabolites or the number of nigrostriatal
      dopaminergic neurons after 6-OHDA lesion. Therefore, STN lesion is able to
      reverse motor deficits after severe 6-OHDA-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal
      pathway, but does not protect or rescue dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
      nigra pars compacta.

PMID- 19967264
TI  - Genetics of homocysteine metabolism and associated disorders.
AB  - Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from the metabolism of
      methionine, an essential amino acid, and is metabolized by one of two pathways:
      remethylation or transsulfuration. Abnormalities of these pathways lead to
      hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia is observed in approximately 5% of the
      general population and is associated with an increased risk for many disorders,
      including vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, birth
      defects, diabetes, renal disease, osteoporosis, neuropsychiatric disorders, and
      cancer. We review here the correlation between homocysteine metabolism and the
      disorders described above with genetic variants on genes coding for enzymes of
      homocysteine metabolism relevant to clinical practice, especially common variants
      of the MTHFR gene, 677C>T and 1298A>C. We also discuss the management of
      hyperhomocysteinemia with folic acid supplementation and fortification of folic
      acid and the impact of a decrease in the prevalence of congenital anomalies and a
      decline in the incidence of stroke mortality.

PMID- 19967266
TI  - [Building awareness, promoting early detection and combating prejudices: keys in
      the fight against breast cancer].

PMID- 19967267
TI  - [Breast cancer: a challenge for society and health systems].

PMID- 19967268
TI  - Global trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality.
AB  - This review highlights the increasing incidence of breast cancer world-wide and
      the increasing burden of breast cancer deaths experienced by lower-income
      countries. The causes of increasing incidence have been attributed to changes in
      the prevalence of reproductive risk factors, lifestyle changes, and genetic and
      biological differences between ethnic and racial groups. All these factors may
      contribute, but data linking etiological factors to increased risk in developing
      countries is lacking. The challenge for lower-income countries is developing
      effective strategies to reverse the trend of increasing mortality. Down-staging
      of breast cancer by early detection is a promising long-term strategy for
      preventing disease-related deaths but it is difficult to make the economic
      investment required to carry out broad screening programs. Successful strategies
      for addressing the growing breast cancer burden will therefore take political
      will, reliable data, public and medical community awareness, and partnerships
      between community advocates, governments, non-governmental organizations and
      biotechnology.

PMID- 19967269
TI  - [Breast cancer trends in Latin America and the Caribbean].
AB  - Breast cancer is currently the most significant cause of death from malignancies
      in Latin American women, including cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: Describe the
      magnitude and spatial-temporal distribution of breast cancer in Latin America and
      the Caribbean (LAC) from 1979-2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National and
      international incidence and mortality statistics were reviewed and organized
      (registries, databases, and published literature), basic estimators and mortality
      ratios for each country were calculated and trends were analyzed. RESULTS:
      Despite substantial data gaps in incidence for many countries, an increase in
      incidence and mortality is observed in LAC countries. Deaths/cases ratios
      illustrate problems in access to detection and treatment and the greatest gaps
      are observed in poorer countries. CONCLUSIONS: A regional effort is needed to
      improve information systems related to cancer in general and breast cancer in
      particular. It is imperative to develop strategies to improve diagnostic
      infrastructure in order to achieve early detection and effective treatment and
      halt the upward trend in premature mortality.

PMID- 19967270
TI  - Breast cancer mortality in Mexico: an age-period-cohort analysis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the age, period and cohort effects on breast cancer (BC)
      mortality in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Age, period and cohort curvature
      trends for BC mortality were estimated through the Poisson Regression model
      proposed by Holford. RESULTS: Nationally, BC death rates have leveled off since
      1995 in most age groups. BC mortality trends are mainly determined by birth
      cohort and age effects in Mexico. Women born between 1940 and 1955 show the
      highest rate of increase in BC mortality. Women born afterwards still show an
      increasing trend but at a much lower rate. Mammography and adjuvant therapy have
      had a limited impact on mortality. Potential reasons for observed patterns are
      discussed. An increase in BC mortality in Mexico is expected in the following
      decades. CONCLUSIONS: Mammography screening programs and timely access to
      effective treatment should be a national priority to reverse the expected
      increasing BC mortality trend.

PMID- 19967271
TI  - [Reproductive factors and breast cancer: principal findings in Latin America and
      the world].
AB  - Early age at menarche and late age at menopause, nulliparity, and late age at
      first pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of BC. In contrast,
      parity and the increase in time breastfeeding, particularly during the first
      child have been associated with a decreased risk. The hypothesis that ovarian
      function, through their hormones, plays an important role in the etiology of
      breast cancer has been supported by various studies for a long time. Although
      most of the risk factors associated with reproductive characteristics are
      difficult to modify, to increase the breastfeeding time and to avoid exposure to
      known carcinogens during periods of development of the mammary gland are good
      strategies to reduce the risk of this disease.

PMID- 19967272
TI  - The role of obesity, physical activity and dietary factors on the risk for breast
      cancer: Mexican experience.
AB  - We provide an overview of the role of adiposity, physical activity and diet in
      the risk for breast cancer in Mexican women. Lack of physical activity, diets
      high in carbohydrates and in glycemic load and low intake of folate and vitamin
      B12 have been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer in Mexican women, in
      particular postmenopausal breast cancer. Other dietary factors that may begin to
      play a more relevant role in breast cancer incidence in Mexico are alcohol intake
      and vitamin D status. Recommendations to maintain a healthy weight, practice
      moderate physical activity, decrease intake of rapidly absorbed carbohydrates and
      increase consumption of fruits and vegetables could have an important impact on
      the epidemic of breast cancer in Mexico.

PMID- 19967273
TI  - [Diet and breast cancer in Latin-America].
AB  - Breast cancer (BC) is the primary cause of death from malignant tumors in women
      worldwide. OBJECTIVE: Review epidemiological studies from the Latin-America and
      Caribbean (LAC) region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search, carried out
      during June-November 2008 in Mexico of PubMed/Medline, Scielo, and Google
      identified 27 epidemiological studies in LAC that evaluated associations between
      diet and BC. RESULTS: The research on diet and BC suggests the protective effect
      of certain fruits, vegetables, fish, fiber, vitamin B(12), folate, various
      phytoestrogens, lycopene, and polyunsaturated fats; as well as the potential risk
      associated with elevated caloric consumption, consumption of red meat and
      processed meats, certain meat cooking techniques, milk and some other dairy
      products, saturated fat, and sucrose. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of specific foods
      and nutrients on breast cancer incidence is inconclusive. Further research is
      needed on this topic.

PMID- 19967274
TI  - Screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer patients from Mexico:
      the public health perspective.
AB  - Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has potentially important public
      health implications. Through judicious testing of women believed to be at high
      risk for early-onset breast cancer and for ovarian cancer, it is possible to
      identify highly-predisposed women prior to the development of cancer. Current
      preventive options include preventive mastectomy, preventive oophorectomy,
      tamoxifen and oral contraceptives. The ability to offer genetic testing in Mexico
      on a widespread level is enhanced if the common founder mutations in the two
      genes can be discovered or if the cost of genetic sequencing is reduced. It is
      important that a genetic testing service be a multi-disciplinary effort with co
      ordinated follow-up.

PMID- 19967275
TI  - [Genomic basis for breast cancer: advances in personalized medicine].
AB  - Genomic analysis of breast cancer has allowed the development of new tools for
      the prediction of recurrence and the response to treatment of this disease. Gene
      expression profiles allow better tumor classification, identifying tumor
      subgroups with particular clinical outcomes. New potential molecular targets
      involved in breast carcinogenesis have also been identified through the analysis
      of DNA copy number aberrations and microRNA expression patterns. Whole genome
      association studies have identified genetic variants associated with a higher
      risk to develop this tumor, providing more information for public health
      decisions. Progress in DNA sequencing methods will also allow for the analysis of
      all the genetic alterations present in a tumor. In this review, we describe the
      current state of genomic research in breast cancer as well as how these findings
      are being translated into clinical practice, contributing to development of
      personalized medicine.

PMID- 19967276
TI  - [Regional differences in breast and cervical cancer mortality in Mexico between
      1979-2006].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Explore the regional differences in breast (BC) and cervical cancer
      (CC) mortality in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We estimated mortality trends for
      BC and CC using probabilistic models adjusted by state marginalization level and
      urban and rural residence. RESULTS: BC mortality shows a rising trend, from a
      rate of 5.6 deaths per 100000 women in 1979 to 10.1 in 2006. The CC mortality
      rate reached a peak in 1989 and after this decreased significantly to 9.9 in
      2006. The highest BC mortality rates are found in Mexico City (13.2) and the
      northern part of the country (11.8). As for CC, the highest mortality rates are
      found in the south (11.9 per 100000 women the). DISCUSSION: The number of BC
      cases are increased gradually at the national level during the last three decades
      and high rates of CC mortality persist in marginalized areas.

PMID- 19967277
TI  - Breast cancer: why link early detection to reproductive health interventions in
      developing countries?
AB  - Breast cancer has not been sufficiently integrated into broader efforts either on
      maternal and child, or reproductive health and this presents an opportunity to
      strengthen early detection. The analysis is based on global breast cancer
      statistics and a bibliographic review of key global programs and strategies to
      promote women s health in the developing world. Breast cancer is a leading cause
      of cancer deaths in all regions of the developing world and is striking many
      women during the reproductive phase. There is an opportunity to increase
      awareness among women and undertake clinical examination to detect breast cancer
      by linking to existing health interventions related to reproductive and maternal
      and child health in developing countries. These synergies should be tested and
      evaluated in developing countries to identify the potential impact on early
      detection and on reducing the proportion of cases that are found in more advanced
      stages.

PMID- 19967278
TI  - Breast cancer screening program in Canada: successes and challenges.
AB  - This paper describes breast screening program development in Canada and the
      current status of screening in Canada. Programs have been implemented in most of
      Canada, beginning in the late 1980's. Certain components are common to all the
      programs, but others, such as personal invitation letters for recruitment and
      clinical breast examination vary across the country. Key successes in organized
      breast screening in Canada include the development of a comprehensive set of
      screening performance indicators, which are reported on regularly, and the
      downward trend in mortality rates observed over the past 20 years. Challenges
      include the continued prevalence of opportunistic screening; the need to better
      manage follow-up; dealing with changing evidence; and supporting informed
      decision-making about screening. Approaches to breast screening are dependent on
      the health care services available in countries, but regardless of the approach,
      good evaluation is necessary.

PMID- 19967279
TI  - [Performance of mammography and Papanicolaou among rural women in Mexico].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of reporting a recently conducted mammogram
      and/or pap smear and follow-up of abnormal findings among rural poor women in
      Mexico. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data collected in
      the ENCEL 2007 - Oportunidades survey carried out between July - November, 2007.
      We used multilevel logistic regression to model the use of mammography and pap
      smears. RESULTS: We found a low frequency of reported recent mammogram among the
      rural poor from 30-39 years old (12%) and 40-49 years old (16%) and a low
      frequency of reported medical follow-up of abnormal findings (60%), particularly
      among women at higher risk because of age or abnormal findings. These findings
      were associated with a lack of availability of medical resources and being of
      indigenous origin. CONCLUSION: It is fundamental to strengthen both access to and
      follow-up of mammography and papsmears, particularly among high-risk rural women
      in order to reduce the level of mortality associated with breast and cervical
      uterine cancer.

PMID- 19967280
TI  - [Equity in access to treatment for breast cancer in Colombia].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate equity in access by comparing geographic, economic, and
      organizational barriers as well as authorization obstacles that women encounter
      depending on their affiliation with the social security health system. MATERIAL
      AND METHODS: A retrospective survey was conducted among women undergoing breast
      cancer treatment to determine differences and the degree of fairness in access to
      care according to their affiliation with the social security health system.
      RESULTS: Women affiliated with the subsidized social security health system as
      well as women living in rural areas have a greater probability to travel to
      another city (OR 2.40 IC95%;1.64-3.43 and OR 1.80 IC95%;1.04-3.06, respectively).
      Poor women without insurance have greater probability of having to pay for
      medications (OR 3.7 IC95%;2.15-6.44). CONCLUSIONS: Access to breast cancer
      treatment is inequitable and particularly detrimental to vulnerable populations.

PMID- 19967281
TI  - [Access barriers in early diagnosis of breast cancer in the Federal District and
      Oaxaca].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify social, cultural and health service barriers that prevent
      timely access to early detection of breast cancer in two regions: Mexico City
      Federal District and the state of Oaxaca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An exploratory
      cross-sectional qualitative study was carried out in 2008 among women under 25
      years of age without pathology, with pathological diagnosis, their male partners
      and managers of several public and private institutions. Information was
      collected by focus groups and through interviews that were recorded and
      transcribed after having received informed consent. RESULTS: Initial exploration
      allowed the identification of access barriers in three main areas: a) the
      availability of information for the general population, b) training of first
      contact general practitioners and gynecologists, and c) fears among couples and
      families. CONCLUSIONS: Barriers in the three levels identified are relevant as
      they reveal important deficiencies in the dissemination of information both to
      the general population and to health providers.

PMID- 19967282
TI  - [Available resources for the treatment of breast cancer in Mexico].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Describe the resources for the treatment of breast cancer in Mexico.
      METHODS: Information was obtained from 23 Centros Estatales de Cancer (State
      Cancer Centers, CEC), two federal hospitals and Cancerologia. This study was
      performed in Mexico City in August/September of 2008. RESULTS: These 23 centers
      provide medical care for breast cancer including surgery, chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy; all of them validated by the Seguro Popular. The costs were defined
      according to clinical stage and ranged from $27,500.00 pesos for clinical stage 0
      to $480,00.00 in the advanced stage. A total of 2 689 women with breast cancer
      have been treated; only 1% was reported with in situ carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: An
      adequate medical infrastructure is in place to treat breast cancer in Mexico. The
      costs are high due to late diagnosis of the disease. Early detection of breast
      cancer is a high priority for optimal control of this disease in Mexico.

PMID- 19967283
TI  - Delay of medical care for symptomatic breast cancer: a literature review.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to organize and summarize existing information on
      delayed medical attention for women with breast cancer and identify research
      needs in this area. This review is organized in six parts: origins and permanence
      of the message 'do not delay' medical attention for potential cancer symptoms;
      definition and classification of breast cancer delay; impact of delay on breast
      cancer prognosis; factors related to breast cancer delay and the ways these have
      been studied; the study of breast cancer delay in Mexico; and directions for
      future research in developing countries, with a special focus on Mexico. We point
      out the need of a more integral study of delay that takes into account socio
      structural and health services factors, in order to find modifiable factors
      towards which political actions should be directed to improve breast cancer
      medical attention in underdeveloped countries.

PMID- 19967284
TI  - [The health care costs of breast cancer: the case of the Mexican Social Security
      Institute].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We studied the cost of health care for women with breast cancer
      treated at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS, per its abbreviation in
      Spanish). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the Medical and Operative Information
      Systems of the IMSS, we constructed a cohort of patients diagnosed in 2002 and
      followed these patients to the end of 2006, identifying the use of resources and
      imputing the IMSS-specific cost structure. RESULTS: Only 14% of women were
      diagnosed in stage 1 and 48% were diagnosed in stages III-IV. The average cost of
      their medical care per patient-year was $MX110,459. Costs for stage 1 were
      $MX74,522 compared to $102,042 for stage II, and were $MX154,018 for stage III
      and $MX199,274 for stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer accounts for a
      significant part of the IMSS health budget. Later stage at diagnosis is
      associated with higher economic costs per patient-year of treatment and lower
      probability of five-year survival.

PMID- 19967286
TI  - Cancer in the world: a call for international collaboration.

PMID- 19967285
TI  - [Cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening policies in Mexico].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Generate cost-effectiveness information to allow policy makers
      optimize breast cancer (BC) policy in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We
      constructed a Markov model that incorporates four interrelated processes of the
      disease: the natural history; detection using mammography; treatment; and other
      competing-causes mortality, according to which 13 different strategies were
      modeled. RESULTS: Strategies (starting age, % of coverage, frequency in years)=
      (48, 25, 2), (40, 50, 2) and (40, 50, 1) constituted the optimal method for
      expanding the BC program, yielding 75.3, 116.4 and 171.1 thousand pesos per life
      year saved, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The strategies included in the optimal
      method for expanding the program produce a cost per life-year saved of less than
      two times the GNP per capita and hence are cost-effective according to WHO
      Commission on Macroeconomics and Health criteria.

PMID- 19967287
TI  - Breast health global initiative (BHGI) outline for program development in Latin
      America.
AB  - The Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) applied an evidence-based consensus
      review process to develop guidelines for breast cancer early detection,
      diagnosis, and treatment in low- and middle-income countries (LMCs) including
      those in Latin America. Breast cancer outcomes correlate with the degree to which
      1) cancers are detected early, 2) cancers can be diagnosed correctly, and 3)
      proper multimodality treatment can be provided in a timely fashion. Cancer
      prevention through health behavior modification may influence breast cancer
      incidence in LMCs. Diagnosing breast cancer at earlier stages will reduce breast
      cancer mortality. Programs to promote breast self-awareness and clinical breast
      examination and resource-adapted mammographic screening are important early
      detection steps. Screening mammography has been shown to reduce breast cancer
      mortality, but is cost prohibitive in some settings. Breast imaging, initially
      with ultrasound and, at higher resource levels with diagnostic mammography,
      improves preoperative diagnostic assessment and permits image-guided needle
      sampling. Multimodality therapy includes surgery, radiation, and systemic
      therapies.

PMID- 19967288
TI  - Building a Latin American cancer patient advocacy movement: Latin American cancer
      NGO regional overview.
AB  - The objective of the this paper is to assess and identify the key strengths and
      weaknesses for cancer control NGOs in Latin America, with the goal to make
      recommendations about how to improve thev impact of the patient advocacy movement
      as it pertains to cancer. The methods included literature review, expert
      interviews and site visits to Latin American cancer hospitals and NGOs. The
      overall findings conclude that NGOs currently do not take a leadership role in
      cancer control in Latin America. The lack of a survivorship movement, faulty
      patient information services and failure of the governments to include NGOs in
      policy creation are identified as areas for further project work and
      collaboration. The stigma of cancer still remains and a burgeoning patient
      movement can be created to help destigmatize and debunk the myths that surround
      cancer.

PMID- 19967289
TI  - Breast cancer advocacy: changing perceptions.
AB  - Breast cancer is a significant health burden worldwide. In the United States, the
      Breast Cancer Advocacy Movement has increased awareness, enhanced dialogue, and
      provided significant funding opportunities that previously did not exist. Various
      advocacy programs are beginning to emerge in developing countries in response to
      the increasing impact breast cancer is having in these regions of the world. This
      paper discusses the influence of the Breast Cancer Advocacy Movement in the US
      and proposes a format for working in conjunction with medical experts, political
      leaders and patient advocates to stimulate discussion and encourage sustainable
      outcomes in breast cancer internationally.

PMID- 19967290
TI  - [History, overview and challenges of the breast cancer movement in Mexico].
AB  - This essay describes the history of the civil society breast cancer movement in
      Mexico, the role played by breast cancer NGOs and the changes they must undergo
      for their activities to impact the quality of life of men and women dealing with
      this disease. The concept of civil society today has been transformed, regaining
      a degree of autonomy and being at the center of a participatory democracy. Civil
      society takes a lead role in key issues such as health, civil rights, and public
      welfare. Breast cancer organizations have the liberty to organize and promote
      initiatives that will help others' welfare and develop their full potential for
      the benefit of themselves and their community. These organizations must focus on
      promoting changes in the system that will result in better services and better
      quality of life for their constituents.

PMID- 19967291
TI  - [Breast cancer in Mexico: an urgent priority].
AB  - Breast cancer is a serious threat to the health of women globally and an
      unrecognized priority in middle-income countries. This paper presents data from
      Mexico. It shows that breast cancer accounts for more deaths than cervical cancer
      since 2006. It is the second cause of death among women aged 30 to 54 and affects
      all socioeconomic groups. Data on detection, although underreported, show 6000
      new cases in 1990 and a projected increase to over 16500 per year by 2020.
      Further, the majority of cases are self-detected and only 10% of all cases are
      detected in stage I. Mexico s social security systems cover approximately 40 to
      45% of the population and include breast cancer treatments. Since 2007 the rest
      of the population has had the right to breast cancer treatment through Seguro
      Popular. Despite these entitlements, services are lacking and interventions for
      early detection, particularly mammography, are very limited. As of 2006 only 22%
      of women aged 40 to 69 reported having a mammography in the past year. Barriers
      exist on both the demand and supply sides. Lobbying, education, awareness
      building and an articulated policy response will be important to ensure extended
      coverage, access to and acceptance of both treatment and early detection.

PMID- 19967292
TI  - [Breast cancer examination in Mexico: summary of the results from the National
      Survey of Reproductive Health].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To present a summary of the results of the National Survey of
      Reproductive Health 2003 regarding the practice of self and clinical breast
      examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main sociodemographic characteristics and
      site of information about self and clinical breast examination, in 20 000 women
      15 to 49 years of age residing in rural and urban areas, were identified by
      simple statistics and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Younger women with
      lower scholarity and socioeconomical status residing in rural areas informed a
      statistically lower self and clinical breast examination. A higher frequency of
      breast cancer was found in rural vs. urban area. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for
      standardization and quality control for the clinical breast examination are
      needed to contribute in the prevention and control of breast cancer in Mexico.

PMID- 19967293
TI  - [Public policies for the detection of breast cancer in Mexico].
AB  - Breast Cancer is a significant public health problem associated with
      epidemiological and demographic transitions that are currently taking place in
      Mexico. Aging and increased exposure to risk factors are thought to increase
      breast cancer incidence, having great relevance for the society and health
      services. Under this scenario, the health system must respond to the growing
      needs for better breast cancer screening services. In this paper we present an
      update of breast cancer mortality, general international recommendations for
      breast cancer screening programs and key aspects of the Mexico Action Program for
      Breast Cancer Screening and Control 2007-2012. Breast cancer policies are aimed
      at organizing and increasing the infrastructure to develop a National Program for
      Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer with optimal quality,
      friendliness and respect for patient's rights.

PMID- 19967294
TI  - Life in the balance: my journey with breast cancer.

PMID- 19967295
TI  - [A woman facing breast cancer in Mexico].

PMID- 19967296
TI  - [Consumption of healthy beverages in Mexico].

PMID- 19967298
TI  - [No to self medication].

PMID- 19967299
TI  - [The debate on self medication].

PMID- 19967300
TI  - [Chagas disease in Jalisco, Mexico].

PMID- 19967301
TI  - [If one is not part of the solution, one is part of the problem].

PMID- 19967302
TI  - [Response in Mexico to the current outbreak of AH1N1 influenza].

PMID- 19967303
TI  - [Poverty and indigenous origin as risk factors of nutritional problems among
      children who enroll in school].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of indigenous ancestry and poverty on
      nutritional outcomes in Chilean schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the
      national database of children entering to the public educational system in 1997
      2004. This includes anthropometric assessment, socioeconomic status and parental
      surnames, used to derive the ethnic origin. Logistic regression models related
      poverty and ethnicity on stunting and obesity were done, controlling for sex, age
      and calendar year. RESULTS: Data convey 1,580,103 children being 7.4% indigenous;
      2.9% had stunting and around 16.0% were obese. Stratifying by poverty, it was
      shown that the poorest had higher risk of stunting both in indigenous (OR= 2.30;
      CI95%=2.27-2.33) and non indigenous (OR= 2.29; CI95%= 2.28-2.30). Conversely,
      poverty was a 'protective factor' for obesity (OR= 0.63; CI95%= 0.62-0.64).
      Indigenous origin showed a significant OR slightly over the null. CONCLUSIONS: In
      Chilean children, poverty is a risk factor for stunting but still protects from
      obesity, independent of indigenous origin.

PMID- 19967304
TI  - [Exactitude of self-reported weight and height in 15 to 19 year old female
      adolescents of the State of Mexico].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To know the accuracy of weight and height in 15 to 19 years old women
      in relation to age, marginalization and migratory intensity level of localities
      and father's academic level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out
      with a probabilistic sample of public high school students at the State of Mexico
      (N=2 357), to whom self-reported weight and height were asked and were directly
      measured afterwards. Data were collected from January to April 2007. RESULTS: The
      results obtained showed that these adolescents overestimate their height not
      significantly, and significantly underestimate their weight, with similar trends
      analyzing age, marginalization levels, migratory intensity and father's education
      status. CONCLUSIONS: Results show the validity of self-reported height but not of
      self-reported weight among this sample.

PMID- 19967305
TI  - [Food consumption and asthma in school children in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between diet and the development of asthma
      and allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: We apply the ISAAC's questionnaire in 5460 schoolchildren
      from 6 to 8 and 11-14-year-old of elementary level selected in random form. Six
      groups of food were formed using a hierarchic clusters analysis and the
      association was evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: The
      consumption of fast food had an adverse effect for current wheezing (OR=1.82;
      CI95%=1.16-2.87) and the consumption of tidbits for more than three episodes of
      wheezing (OR=2.26; CI95%=1.04-4.95) and nasal symptoms without cold, OR=1.35
      (IC95%;1.06-1.71). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that the diet plays
      a very important role since the high consumption of fast food and tidbits
      increased the risk of asthma and rhinitis symptoms.

PMID- 19967306
TI  - Early hospital discharge and early puerperal complications.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between time of postpartum discharge and
      symptoms indicative of complications during the first postpartum week. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: Women with vaginal delivery at a Mexico City public hospital,
      without complications before the hospital discharge, were interviewed seven days
      after delivery. Time of postpartum discharge was classified as early (<24 hours)
      or late (>25 hours). The dependent variable was defined as the occurrence and
      severity of puerperal complication symptoms. RESULTS: Out of 303 women, 208 (68%)
      were discharged early. However, women with early discharge and satisfactory
      prenatal care had lower odds of presenting symptoms in early puerperium than
      women without early discharge and inadequate prenatal care (OR 0.36; 95%
      confidence intervals = 0.17-0.76). CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between
      early discharge and symptoms of complications during the first postpartum week;
      the odds of complications were lower for mothers with early discharge and
      satisfactory prenatal care.

PMID- 19967307
TI  - Sexual maturation and metabolic profile among adolescents and children of the
      Health Worker Cohort Study in Mexico.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the associations between level and
      timing of sexual development with metabolic profile in a cohort of Mexican
      adolescents in central Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Baseline data from children
      between the ages of 7 and 17 years (n= 582) who participated in the Health Worker
      Cohort Study, was used. The study participants included children of workers at
      the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) and the National Institute of
      Public Health, both located in Cuernavaca, in addition to children of workers at
      the Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico in Toluca who were enrolled between
      March 2004 and April 2006. Multiple linear regressions with robust estimates of
      variance, were used adjusting for specific covariates. RESULTS: Both pubertal
      boys and girls, compared to their pre-pubertal counterparts, had higher body mass
      index (girls: 4.59 kg/m(2), p<0.0001; boys: 1.12 kg/m(2), p= 0.05) and percent
      body fat (girls: 3.61, p<0.0001; boys: 1.48, p= 0.0001). A significant difference
      in level of insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA) was
      detectable among girls (0.92, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Timing and levels of sexual
      development were significantly associated with adverse differences in several
      critical anthropometric and metabolic parameters.

PMID- 19967308
TI  - [Bone mass accretion in healthy Mexican 6 to 12 year-olds measured by DEXA].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe bone mass density in a group of healthy 6 to 12 year-old
      Mexican children by a peripheral DEXA, adjusted for gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS:
      A cross-sectional study between 2006 and 2007 conducted in 1 965 children (982
      male), without any medical condition, randomized from elementary schools in
      Mexico City. RESULTS: Changes in bone mineral density in girls show two phases: a
      lineal accretion (6-9 years) and an exponential curve (10 years and older); in
      boys these growth rates are less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: It is considered that
      optimal interventions to improve bone mass density and peak bone mass should be
      performed between 6 to 12 years of age.

PMID- 19967309
TI  - Satisfaction of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension with
      care offered in family medicine clinics in Mexico.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the satisfaction and the factors related to
      dissatisfaction in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension
      with care offered in family medicine clinics. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A secondary
      data analysis was conducted. Main outcome measures were two indices of
      satisfaction: family doctor-patient relationship (FDPR) and clinic organizational
      arrangements (OA). RESULTS: Approximately half of patients (n=1 323) were
      satisfied with care. In the FDPR index the items 'kindness of the family doctor'
      (FD) scored high, while the lowest score was for the items: 'the FD allows the
      patient to give an opinion about his/her treatment,' 'the patient understands the
      information' and 'the FD spends enough time on the consultation.' As for
      satisfaction with OA, the items 'cleanliness of the clinic' and 'ease of
      administrative procedures' obtained the lowest scores. In the logistic regression
      analysis the covariate 'negative self-rated health' and 'type of institution'
      were associated with dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: There are aspects of the FDPR
      and OA that reveal dissatisfaction of patients with chronic conditions.

PMID- 19967310
TI  - Clinical usefulness of the nested polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of
      extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of nested polymerase chain reaction
      (PCR) for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (ETB), as well as the impact
      of PCR results on clinical management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a
      study of nested PCR tests in 45 patients and a review of patient hospital files,
      calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and
      negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: PCR was positive in 51% of cases; PCR
      sensitivity for diagnosing TB was 86%, specificity was 79%, PPV was 76%, and NPV
      was 88%. When solely analyzing urine samples, sensitivity and NPV increased to
      100%. PCR exerted an influence on management in 27% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: PCR
      for rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB has an adequate effect, which improves
      when performed on urine. The results of PCR exerted an acceptable impact on the
      clinical management of these patients.

PMID- 19967311
TI  - [The importance of soy in Mexico, its nutritional value and effect on health].
AB  - Soy protein has been used in several Latin-American countries including Mexico in
      various food programs with the purpose to improve the nutritional status of the
      population due to the high nutritional value and its relatively low cost that was
      maintained for some time. In the present work, the use and research on soy in
      Mexico since 1970 is described. In addition, this review shows the effects of the
      different components of soy, in particular its protein and the isoflavones on
      health, the mechanism of action of soy protein to reduce cholesterol and
      triglycerides, and insulin secretion, as well as its glycemic response, and
      finally, the recommendations of soy protein consumption to obtain a health
      benefit.

PMID- 19967312
TI  - [Mechanisms of action of emergency contraception].
AB  - There is still controversy regarding the mechanism of action of levonorgestrel
      (LNG) for emergency contraception (EC). For those who state that pregnancy starts
      prior to implantation, any compound able to interfere with post-fertilization and
      pre-implantation stages, should be considered as abortifacient. Previous research
      suggests that EC in humans acts predominantly after fertilization. Current
      evidence with LNG-only EC supports a pre-fertilization mechanisms to explain its
      action. There are many potential mechanisms of action, which could vary pending
      on the day during the fertilization window of the ovarian cycle at which the
      contraceptive is given. This paper reviews the evidence for each potential
      mechanism of action. According to the most recently statements, it is concluded
      that the primary and possible the only mechanism of action of LNG-only EC is
      preventing or delaying ovulation.

PMID- 19967317
TI  - [Critical review of the subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease].
AB  - The authors critically review subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation for
      Parkinson's disease (PD) at long follow-up (3-5 years). Subthalamic stimulation
      induce a significant improvement during the "off" medication in the assessment
      motor score UPDRS (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale) 3-5 years after
      surgery. Results show that the benefits obtained in tremor, rigidity,
      bradykinesia, dyskinesias induced by medication and levodopa reduction are
      significantly maintained during long term. The improvement in other clinical
      signs as gait and postural stability at long follow-up are not maintained
      comparing with the benefits obtained one year after surgery. A high percentage of
      patients show a cognitive disturbance during the follow-up period that may be
      correlated with the disease progression. The conclusion is that bilateral STN
      stimulation is an effective treatment for PD patients at long term but it should
      be considered earlier in the course of PD.

PMID- 19967318
TI  - Q-VD-OPh, a pancaspase inhibitor, reduces trauma-induced apoptosis and improves
      the recovery of hind-limb function in rats after spinal cord injury.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Various caspases have been implicated in the development of secondary
      damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). Anticaspase therapy that targets only one
      caspase has been investigated in a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. This
      study examined the neuroprotective effects of Q-VD-OPh, a pan-caspase inhibitor,
      in a rat model of SCI. METHODS: Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into 3
      groups of 10 each: the sham-operated controls (group 1), the trauma-created
      controls (group 2), and the QVD- OPh-treated rats (group 3). An SCI (a trauma of
      40 g-cm) was produced at the thoracic level (T8-T10) by the weight-drop
      technique. The response to injury and the neuroprotective effects of Q-VD-OPh
      were investigated by histopathologic examination and terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) 24 hours and 5 days after trauma. The
      inclined plane technique of Rivlin and Tator and a modified version of Tarlov's
      grading scale were used to assess the functional status of the rats 24 hours, 3
      days, and 5 days after injury. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after trauma, light
      microscopic examination of a specimen taken from group 2 rats revealed
      hemorrhage, necrosis, vascular thrombi, and edema. Group 3 tissue samples showed
      similar features at that time. Twenty-four hours after trauma, the mean apoptotic
      cell number was 4.47 +/- 0.35 cells in group 2 and 1.58 +/- 0.33 in group 3. Five
      days after injury, the mean apoptotic cell count was 4.35 +/- 0.47 in group 2 and
      1.25 +/- 0.34 in group 3. Thus the number of TUNEL-positive cells in an injured
      spinal cord was greatly reduced by treatment with Q-VDOPh. The neurologic
      function scores (both the inclined plane performance and motor grading scores)
      were significantly better in the Q-VD-OPh-treated group than in the trauma
      created control group. CONCLUSION: The marked antiapoptotic properties of Q-VD
      OPh due to the inhibition of all caspases render it a promising novel agent. A
      therapeutic strategy using Q-VD-OPh may eventually lead to the effective
      treatment of SCI in humans.

PMID- 19967319
TI  - Anaplastic transformation of an atypical intraventricular meningioma with
      metastases to the liver: case report.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Malignant intraventricular meningiomas are very rare. To the best of
      our knowledge, only eleven cases have been reported thus far. Seven of them
      developed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metastases. We present herein the first case
      of a malignant intraventricular meningioma with extraneural metastases. CLINICAL
      PRESENTATION: We report a 44 year-old-man with a history of progressive headache
      and disorientation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 5-cm
      homogeneously-enhancing mass in the right trigone. INTERVENTION: The lesion was
      totally resected via a parietooccipital transcortical approach. Histological
      examination demonstrated an atypical meningioma. Thereafter, the tumor recurred
      twice. At first recurrence, the tumor was completely removed again and external
      radiotherapy was administered. At surgery at second recurrence, the tumor was
      more aggressive, invading the brain parenchyma. Histological examination showed
      anaplastic meningioma. The patient was readmitted to hospital with fever and pain
      in right hypochondrium. Abdominal ultrasound examination disclosed multiple
      hypoechoic liver lesions. Biopsy was consistent with liver metastases of a
      malignant meningioma. The patient died of acute liver failure seven months after
      initial diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Malignant intraventricular meningiomas are prone
      to recur and develop metastases, mainly through the CSF. Nevertheless, our case
      shows that extraneural metastases are also possible. Therefore, when systemic
      deterioration occurs in a patient with a malignant intraventricular meningioma,
      metastases to extraneural organs such as the liver must be ruled out.

PMID- 19967320
TI  - Multifocal epithelioid glioblastoma mimicking cerebral metastasis: case report.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Epithelioid glioblastoma is a rare morphologic subtype of glioblastoma
      that closely mimics metastatic carcinoma or metastatic melanoma histologically.
      All previous case reports of this unusual glioblastoma variant have been solitary
      lesions. We report here the first case to our knowledge of multifocal epithelioid
      glioblastoma mimicking cerebral metastasis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 67-year-old
      man with a prior history of mycosis fungoides, a common form of cutaneous T-cell
      lymphoma, presented with memory loss and impaired peripheral vision. Two discrete
      brain lesions highly suspicious for metastases were identified by magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI). INTERVENTION: The patient underwent two separate
      craniotomies; both lesions were successfully resected in toto with an excellent
      post-surgical outcome. CONCLUSION: Epithelioid glioblastoma is one of the rarest
      morphologic subtypes of glioblastoma. Here we describe the first case to our
      knowledge of multifocal epithelioid glioblastoma that convincingly mimicked a
      secondary metastatic process. Multifocal epithelioid glioblastoma should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with multiple
      discrete brain lesions. An attempt at gross total resection is recommended when
      anatomically feasible for definitive histopathological diagnosis and to improve
      progression free survival of patients who present with similarly ambiguous and
      potentially misleading multiple lesions.

PMID- 19967321
TI  - A case of Hirayama disease treated with laminectomy and duraplasty without spinal
      fusion.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity (JADUE) is a rare
      disease afecting young males. Since neck flexion has been thought to be the cause
      of the spinal cord damage, cervical orthosis, spinal fusion by an anterior or
      posterior approach and duraplasty in combination with posterior spinal fusion
      have been proposed as treatment of JADUE. We are presenting the case of a patient
      with JADUE who was surgically treated with duraplasty without spinal fusion, thus
      avoiding the compression of the spinal cord without limitation of cervical
      movement. CASE: A previously healthy 19-year-old man presented with insidious
      onset of weakness in the left forearm and hand for the past year. On MRI, during
      neck flexion, the posterior dura showed anterior displacement that compressed the
      cervical spinal cord. The dura was opened linearly from C3 to C6, observing the
      herniation of the spinal cord through the opening. Duraplasty was performed in
      order to increase the room of the spinal cord. No spinal fusion was performed.
      DISCUSSION: The postoperative course was uneventful. Clinical deterioration
      stopped following operation and two years later unchanged as compared to the
      preoperative one.

PMID- 19967322
TI  - [Cavernous haemangioma of the skull].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Cavernous haemangiomas are benign tumours that rarely affect the
      skull. A correct suspicion diagnosis is seldom obtained when typical radiological
      signs are lacking. In this way a definite diagnosis is only obtained after a
      surgical procedure in most cases. CASE REPORT: A 52-year-old female presented a
      painless, slow-growing tumoration in her right forehead. Skull CT showed an
      osteolytic lesion located within the right frontal bone. On suspicion of a
      metastatic origin of the lesion, a systemic research for a primary tumour was
      performed without significative findings. Finally, en bloc resection of the
      lesion was performed followed by cranioplasty. Microscopically, the lesion proved
      to be a cavernous haemangioma of the frontal bone. CONCLUSION: Despite their low
      frequency, cavernous haemangiomas must be included in the differential diagnosis
      of slow-growing osteolytic lesions located within the skull. The elective
      treatment of this tumours includes a complete resection by craniectomy, with safe
      bony margins.

PMID- 19967323
TI  - Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery and fenestration of posterior cerebral
      artery: CT and MR angiography.
AB  - Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) which is a persistent carotid
      basilar anastomosis is a rare vascular anomaly. It is usually found incidentally.
      Fenestrations of cerebral arteries are uncommon. Herein we present a case of PPHA
      with fenestration of posterior cerebral artery. A 28 year old man was admitted to
      our hospital with complaints of dizziness and temporary loss of vision.
      Neurological examination revealed no abnormal findings. The patient was further
      evaluated with CT and MR angiography. To our knowledge, the case we reported is
      the first case in the literature with PPHA and fenestration of posterior cerebral
      artery. The detection of PPHA and associated vascular anomalies and diseases are
      important before surgical and interventional procedures. CT and MR angiography
      are much safer diagnostic alternatives in the detection of PPHA and
      fenestrations. When PPHA is detected, attention should be given to the coexistent
      posterior circulation anomalies.

PMID- 19967324
TI  - [Epidural haematoma due to an headrest in an adult].
AB  - A head fixation device with pins is commonly used for immobilization of the
      patients during neurosurgical procedures. Despite its appropriate management, it
      may be the cause of some serious complications such as skull perforation and
      intracranial injuries.We report the case of a 19-years-old young admitted for a
      endoscopic third ventriculostomy who developed an epidural haematoma due to the
      penetration of the skull by a pin.

PMID- 19967325
TI  - Effort-reward imbalance and one-year change in neck-shoulder and upper extremity
      pain among call center computer operators.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The literature on psychosocial job factors and musculoskeletal pain is
      inconclusive in part due to insufficient control for confounding by biomechanical
      factors. The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively the independent
      effects of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work on regional musculoskeletal pain
      of the neck and upper extremities of call center operators after controlling for
      (i) duration of computer use both at work and at home, (ii) ergonomic workstation
      design, (iii) physical activities during leisure time, and (iv) other individual
      worker characteristics. METHODS: This was a one-year prospective study among 165
      call center operators who participated in a randomized ergonomic intervention
      trial that has been described previously. Over an approximate four-week period,
      we measured ERI and 28 potential confounders via a questionnaire at baseline.
      Regional upper-body pain and computer use was measured by weekly surveys for up
      to 12 months following the implementation of ergonomic interventions. Regional
      pain change scores were calculated as the difference between average weekly pain
      scores pre- and post intervention. RESULTS: A significant relationship was found
      between high average ERI ratios and one-year increases in right upper-extremity
      pain after adjustment for pre-intervention regional mean pain score, current and
      past physical workload, ergonomic workstation design, and anthropometric,
      sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors. No significant associations were
      found with change in neck-shoulder or left upper-extremity pain. CONCLUSIONS:
      This study suggests that ERI predicts regional upper-extremity pain in -computer
      operators working >or=20 hours per week. Control for physical workload and
      ergonomic workstation design was essential for identifying ERI as a risk factor.

PMID- 19967326
TI  - Prognostic factors for long-term sickness absence among employees with neck
      shoulder and low-back pain.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors for long-term
      sickness absence among employees with neck-shoulder or low-back pain. METHODS: In
      2000, a representative sample of Danish employees (N=5036) rated their average
      pain intensity in the neck-shoulder and low-back during the last three months on
      a 10-point scale; using a questionnaire, they also reported on physical and
      psychosocial work factors, health behavior, work ability and self-efficacy.
      Employees reporting pain intensity of >or=4 were considered to have
      musculoskeletal pain. As a result, we defined two populations to be included in
      our analyses: people with pain in the neck-shoulder (N=848) and low-back (N=676)
      regions. Data on long-term sickness absence of >or=3 weeks for the period 2001
      2002 were attained from the Danish national register of social transfer payments.
      RESULTS: One fifth of employees with neck-shoulder and low-back pain experienced
      long-term sickness absence during the two-year follow-up. Among employees with
      neck-shoulder and low-back pain, respectively, the main significant risk factors
      were (i) pain intensity [hazard ratio (HR)=1.12, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)
      1.02-1.24 and HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26] and (ii) heavy physical work (HR=1.68,
      95% CI 1.21-2.33 and HR=1.41 95% CI 1.00-2.01). CONCLUSION: Preventive
      initiatives for long-term sickness absence should aim to reduce pain intensity
      and heavy physical work among employees with neck-shoulder and low-back pain.

PMID- 19967327
TI  - The role of assessment of biomechanical exposure at the workplace in the
      prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.

PMID- 19967328
TI  - [The impact of silicone spray on scar formation. A single-center placebo
      controlled double-blind trial].
AB  - For more than two decades silicone has successfully been employed in the
      treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids as a painless
      noninvasive modality with few side effects. In the present trial, after 3 months
      of treatment the Patient Scar Assessment Scale demonstrated that patient
      satisfaction with the silicone application was significantly higher compared to
      placebo. When treatment was stopped after 3 months, the topical silicone spray
      did not exhibit any lasting long-term impact on the objective results of scar
      formation. Due to the significant differences in patient satisfaction once
      treatment has ended and since the administration is safe and simple, any final
      decision on treatment indication should be tailored to the patient and include
      the psychological well-being of the patient as well as the temporary improvement
      in scar formation during treatment.

PMID- 19967329
TI  - [Brownish coloration of the left nipple in a 60-year-old woman].
AB  - Pigmented Paget disease of the nipple is a rare disease. We report on a 60-year
      old woman in whom this diagnosis was made based on clinical findings, dermoscopy,
      histology and immunohistology. Circumscribed pigmentation of the nipple includes
      a wide spectrum of benign and malignant differential diagnostic considerations.
      Dermoscopy can enhance the clinical diagnosis. Biopsies should always be
      performed on unclear pigmentation of the nipple in both women and men. On
      histology, rare melanocytic tumors must be differentiated from pigmented Paget
      disease and pigmented Bowen disease. Pagetoid intraepithelial cells of a
      melanocytic tumor are positive for S100, HMB45 or melan A, but not for
      cytokeratins. Intraepithelial tumor cells of Paget disease are positive for
      cytokeratin 7. The clear cells in Bowen diseases are usually not positive for
      cytokeratin 7 and are also negative for all melanocytic markers.

PMID- 19967330
TI  - [Evaluation of a standardized questionnaire to screen for venous diseases].
AB  - The frequency of venous diseases makes a simple screening method desirable. The
      aim of this study was to evaluate a questionnaire as a screening instrument for
      varicose veins as compared to venous refilling time measured by
      photoplethysmography. In 1830 industrial employees a survey and a
      photoplethysmography were performed. According to the venous refilling time
      (vRT), patients were classified as "healthy" or "morbid". The answers were
      compared. In 31.9% a pathological vRT < or =25 seconds was found. The prevalence
      of a pathological vRT increased with age. The survey answers referring to venous
      disease in their parents, thrombophlebitis, leg swelling, leg heaviness,
      hyperpigmentation and visible varicosities were able to distinguish between
      persons with physiological and pathological vRT. The questionnaire acquired a
      specificity of >90% if symptoms were characterized as "repeatedly"/"marked".
      There was significant concordance between the questionnaire answers and the vRT
      measurement. Thus, both methods are applicable for screening of venous disease.
      Particularly, the questionnaire allows a simple, patient-based estimation of the
      individual risk.

PMID- 19967331
TI  - [Mid-dermal elastolysis].
AB  - Mid-dermal elastolysis is a rare dermatosis of still unknown etiology with a
      characteristic mid-dermal loss of elastic tissue on histopatholoy. Papular and
      plaque-like wrinkling of the skin as well as inflammatory and non-inflammatory
      variants have been described. We present a 39-year-old patient with extended skin
      wrinkling of the trunk and upper extremities after extensive UV light exposure
      and describe the clinical and histopathological findings. Based on our case,
      differential diagnoses are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 19967332
TI  - [Topical therapy of perianal eczema].
AB  - Perianal eczema is a common diagnosis in patients seeking help from a
      proctologist/dermatologist. Due to their different etiology, perianal eczemas can
      be subdivided into irritant-toxic, atopic, and contact allergic forms. While
      these three entities may present with a similar clinical picture, the correct
      differential diagnosis is crucial for rapid successful therapy. After treatment
      of any underlying proctologic disease, low-potency corticosteroid or calcineurin
      inhibitor formulations may be applied for short-term topical perianal therapy.
      Preparations containing zinc oxide and cleaning of the perianal region with clear
      water can support the healing process. Patients should avoid topical irritants
      and potential contact allergens. Perianal eczema resistant to therapy should be
      further evaluated by histopathological workup to exclude precancerous or
      malignant skin disease.

PMID- 19967333
TI  - [Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal carcinoma: an increasing problem in HIV
      patients].
AB  - Anal dysplasia is common in HIV patients, especially in HIV-positive men having
      sex with men (MSM). High-grade anal dysplasia can progress to invasive anal
      cancer. As in cervical carcinoma, there is a cause and effect relationship
      between anal cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially with
      high-risk types such as HPV16. Several experts have recommended screening
      programs for anal cancer, including anal cytology along the lines of the Pap
      smear in women. Such screenings should only be performed if pathological findings
      result in further diagnostic steps and, if necessary, appropriate treatment.
      Clinical inspection, lesion biopsy, and treatment of anal dysplasia are performed
      under high-resolution anoscopy. Anal cancer is divided into cancer of the anal
      margin and cancer of the anal canal. This classification is important because of
      the difference in treatment regimens. Early cancer of the anal margin is excised
      akin to squamous cell cancer of the exposed skin, whereas cancer of the anal
      canal is treated by radiochemotherapy. HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients
      have similar response rates to combined radiochemotherapy. However, side effects,
      especially acute post-irradiation skin toxicity, early local recurrences, and
      abdominoperineal rectal excision are more common in HIV-positive patients.
      Physicians working in the field of HIV/AIDS should regularly screen their
      patients for the presence of anal dysplasia and anal cancer. Basic diagnostic
      workup includes clinical inspection of the perianal area, digital rectal
      examination, and anal cytology.

PMID- 19967335
TI  - [Unidirectional versus multidirectional palmar locking osteosynthesis of unstable
      distal radius fractures: comparative analysis with LDR 2.4 mm versus 2.7 mm
      matrix-Smartlock].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Due to advances in the development of the unidirectional locking
      plates there is now an increased use of multidirectional palmar locking plates in
      the treatment of distal radius factures. The purpose of this study was to
      evaluate a possible improvement of the treatment and results. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: This prospective cohort study investigated 40 patients with C1 and C2
      Colles' fractures who had been treated with unidirectional and multidirectional
      locking plates. The average time for the follow-up examinations was 12.3 months
      (range 12-15 months) after surgery. The intra-operative functional (neutral-zero
      method), radiological and subjective (DASH score, VAS) results were evaluated.
      RESULTS: The intra-operative fluoroscopy time of the unidirectional group was 58
      s shorter compared to the multidirectional group. All fractures healed without
      any complication. The radiological, subjective (DASH score) and objective results
      for both groups were good and showed no differences. CONCLUSION: Unidirectional
      palmar locking plates are equally suited for the therapy of C1 and C2 fractures
      as multidirectional palmar locking plates but multidirectional plates require a
      longer fluoroscopy time.

PMID- 19967336
TI  - Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in women with pelvic floor
      disorders: a cohort study.
AB  - INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study was to compare
      complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in women with and without pelvic
      floor disorders (PFD). METHODS: We conducted a survey of women presenting to a
      specialty urogynecology (Urogyn) and gynecology (Gyn) clinic that examined
      demographic data, CAM use, and the presence of PFD (validated questionnaires). T
      tests, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression were used for analysis. To
      detect a 20% difference between groups, 234 Urogyn and 103 Gyn patients were
      needed. RESULTS: Participants included 234 Urogyn and 103 Gyn patients. Urogyn
      patients reported more CAM use than Gyn patients, even when controlled for
      differences between groups (51% vs. 32%, adjusted p = 0.006). Previous treatment
      (61% vs. 39%, adjusted p < 0.001) and increased number of PFD was associated with
      increased CAM use (adjusted p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Women with PFD use CAM more
      frequently than women without PFD.

PMID- 19967337
TI  - Association of medication attitudes with non-persistence and non-compliance with
      medication to prevent fractures.
AB  - Our objective was to assess the association of self-reported non-persistence
      (stopping fracture-prevention medication for more than 1 month) and self-reported
      non-compliance (missing doses of prescribed medication) with perceived need for
      fracture-prevention medication, concerns regarding long-term harm from and/or
      dependence upon medications, and medication-use self-efficacy (confidence in
      one's ability to successfully take medication in the context of their daily
      life). INTRODUCTION: Non-persistence (stopping medication prematurely) and non
      compliance (not taking medications at the prescribed times) with oral medications
      to prevent osteoporotic fractures is widespread and attenuates their fracture
      reduction benefit. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey and medical record review of
      729 patients at a large multispecialty clinic in the United States prescribed an
      oral bisphosphonate between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2007. RESULTS: Low
      perceived necessity for fracture-prevention medication was strongly associated
      with non-persistence independent of other predictors, but not with non
      compliance. Concerns about medications were associated with non-persistence, but
      not with non-compliance. Low medication-use self-efficacy was associated with non
      persistence and non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Non-persistence and non-compliance
      with oral bisphosphonate medication have different, albeit overlapping, sets of
      predictors. Low perceived necessity of fracture-prevention medication, high
      concerns about long-term safety of and dependence upon medication , and low
      medication-use self-efficacy all predict non-persistence with oral
      bisphosphonates, whereas low medication-use self-efficacy strongly predicts non
      compliance with oral bisphosphonate medication. Assessment of and influence of
      these medication attitudes among patients at high risk of fracture are likely
      necessary to achieve better persistence and compliance with fracture-prevention
      therapies.

PMID- 19967338
TI  - Poor bisphosphonate adherence for treatment of osteoporosis increases fracture
      risk: systematic review and meta-analysis.
AB  - Systematic review of adherence to bisphosphonates for the treatment of
      osteoporosis finds suboptimal levels of persistence and compliance. Poor
      bisphosphonate compliance increases fracture risk. INTRODUCTION: The objectives
      of the study were to measure the persistence and compliance with bisphosphonates
      for the treatment of osteoporotic patients, and to estimate the influence of
      compliance on fracture risk. METHODS: A systematic review of bisphosphonate
      adherence in clinical practise provided new evidence to perform a meta-analysis
      of the means of bisphosphonate persistence and compliance, with a subsequent meta
      analysis of fracture risk comparing poorly versus highly compliant patients.
      RESULTS: Fifteen articles, totalling 704,134 patients, met our inclusion
      criteria. Most of the patients were postmenopausal women treated with
      bisphosphonates. The 3.95% of the patients received hormone replacement therapy,
      but the rest received bisphosphonates. The meta-analysis of five articles
      totalling 236,540 patients, who were followed for 1 year, provided a pooled
      persistence mean of 184.09 days. The meta-analysis of five articles, totalling
      234,737 patients, who were also followed for 1 year, provided a pooled medication
      possession ratio mean of 66.93%. The meta-analysis of six articles, totalling
      171,063 patients, who were followed for varying periods of time between 1 and 2.5
      years, provided a pooled 46% increased fracture risk in non-compliant patients
      versus compliant patients. The increased fracture risk was lower for non
      vertebral (16%) and hip (28%) than for clinical vertebral fractures (43%).
      CONCLUSIONS: Persistence and compliance are suboptimal for postmenopausal women
      undergoing bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis. The clinical consequence of
      this low compliance is an increased risk of fracture, which is lower for non
      vertebral than for clinical vertebral fractures.

PMID- 19967339
TI  - Functional analysis of a putative holin-like peptide-coding gene in the genome of
      Bacillus licheniformis AnBa9.
AB  - BhlA, a putative holin-like protein of Bacillus licheniformis AnBa9 expressed in
      Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) showed antibacterial activity against several gram
      positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
      and Micrococcus luteus. Deletion analysis of bhlA suggests that a hydrophobic
      transmembrane domain, BhlATM is essential for antibacterial activity. Though the
      minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BhlA was sevenfold lower than BhlATM,
      transmembrane domain deleted construct (BhlATM) had no antibacterial activity.
      The expression of BhlA in E. coli was found to be toxic to cells. Therefore, the
      bhlA was cloned in yeast surface display vector pYD1 and expressed in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The surface displayed yeast showed inhibition of
      several gram-positive bacteria. This recombinant yeast expressing BhlA may be
      used as biodrug for efficient control of multiple drug-resistant bacterial
      infections.

PMID- 19967340
TI  - The effects of secondary task interference on shape reproduction.
AB  - The influence of a secondary task on speeded responses, and its effect on the
      outcome of more complex tasks has been studied in detail. However, the
      consequence of task interference on specific movement parameters other than speed
      and accuracy has been largely ignored. The current study examines how performing
      a secondary task impacts the drawing of an unseen shape. Without vision of the
      hand, 15 subjects traced a shape on a graphics tablet. The shape and cursor were
      projected onto a screen. The shape disappeared and the subject attempted to draw
      three consecutive identical shapes. In the visual single-task condition, hand
      positions were represented by a cursor, but the resultant drawings could not be
      seen; in another, there was no visual feedback. In four remaining conditions, the
      15 subjects drew the previously seen shapes without visual feedback while
      performing a secondary task of reporting the orientation of an arrow which
      appeared on the screen either in random or periodic timing. Subjects indicated
      the direction of the arrow either verbally or manually. Shapes were analyzed for
      scale, error of the corner angles as compared with 90 degrees, and drift,
      compared to the reference shape and across conditions. In dual-task conditions,
      performance of the primary, shape-drawing task deteriorated with respect to
      location and orientation, but not with respect to the pattern and proportion
      aspects of the shape. Vision was important for controlling position of the
      drawing, and also for controlling the shape and proportion of the drawing
      suggesting separate mechanisms for the location of a drawing and its shape and
      proportion. Furthermore, we propose that internal representations are more
      important than proprioception in the shape aspect of drawing well-known figures.

PMID- 19967341
TI  - Linear and nonlinear temporal interaction components of mid-latency auditory
      evoked potentials obtained with maximum length sequence stimulation.
AB  - A maximum length sequence (MLS) is a quasi-random sequence of clicks and silences
      that enables simultaneous recording of linear components and nonlinear temporal
      interaction components (NLTICs). NLTICs are produced when the stimulation rate is
      fast enough such that several stimuli occur within the memory length of the
      system. The present study was designed to characterise the NLTICs of auditory mid
      latency responses (MLR). Forty normally hearing subjects (19-45-year-old) were
      tested at MLS rates between 20 and 120 clicks/s. Linear components could be
      identified at all rates. The NLTICs of the MLS-MLR were identified in only a few
      subjects. This suggests two possibilities: (1) there may not be strong nonlinear
      temporal interactions within the MLR generators; (2) the memory length of the MLR
      is much shorter than expected from the linear component rates. If so, NLTICs
      should be obtained at higher rates of stimulation.

PMID- 19967344
TI  - Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in intertidal and subtidal sediments in
      coastal wetland with high tidal ranges.
AB  - The present study aimed to understand the distribution characteristics of
      organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in wetlands experiencing high tides and the
      manner in which these characteristics are affected by various factors, in
      particular, two distinct physical and topographical features (i.e., sub- and
      intertidal zones). For all OCPs except HCHs, the distribution levels were higher
      in the intertidal zone than in the subtidal zone. The spatial heterogeneity in
      the isomer compositional pattern, distribution levels, and correlation among
      individual OCPs were pronounced in the intertidal zone. Spatial homogeneity was
      observed within the subtidal zone, indicating that the effect of flushing and
      mixing was strong enough to diminish the potential local concentration peaks and
      unique composition pattern. It was evident that input paths and their strength
      impact the horizontal and transversal distribution of OCPs. The OCP group
      specific discrepancy in spatial distribution suggested that (1) chlordane and
      chlorobenzenes were from a single dominant innermost terrestrial input path, (2)
      DDTs were from multiple terrestrial input paths, and (3) HCH was likely to be
      from the outer sea. The observations in this study imply that (1) benthic
      organisms could experience greater exposure in the intertidal basin than in the
      subtidal zone and (2) management measures of OCPs should be set after considering
      the tidal effect and the OCP-specific input paths.

PMID- 19967342
TI  - The relation between treatment outcome and efavirenz, atazanavir or lopinavir
      exposure in the NORTHIV trial of treatment-naive HIV-1 infected patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: The relation between treatment outcome and trough plasma concentrations
      of efavirenz (EFV), atazanavir (ATV) and lopinavir (LPV) was studied in a
      pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic substudy of the NORTHIV trial-a randomised phase
      IV efficacy trial comparing antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus-1
      infected patients treated with (1) EFV + 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase
      inhibitors (2NRTI) once daily, (2) ritonavir-boosted ATV + 2NRTI once daily or
      (3) ritonavir-boosted LPV + 2NRTI twice daily. The findings were related to the
      generally cited minimum effective concentration levels for the respective drugs
      (EFV 1,000 ng/ml, ATV 150 ng/ml, LPV 1,000 ng/ml). The relation between
      atazanavir-induced hyperbilirubinemia and virological efficacy was also studied.
      METHODS: Drug concentrations were sampled at weeks 4 and 48 and optionally at
      week 12 and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector.
      When necessary, trough values were imputed by assuming the reported average half
      lives for the respective drugs. Outcomes up to week 48 are reported. RESULTS: No
      relation between plasma concentrations of EFV, ATV or LPV and virological
      failure, treatment withdrawal due to adverse effects or antiviral potency (viral
      load decline from baseline to week 4) was demonstrated. Very few samples were
      below the suggested minimum efficacy cut-offs, and their predictive value for
      treatment failure could not be validated. There was a trend toward an increased
      risk of virological failure in patients on ATV who had an average increase of
      serum bilirubin from baseline of <25 micromol/l. CONCLUSIONS: The great majority
      of treatment-naive and adherent patients on standard doses of EFV, ritonavir
      boosted ATV and ritonavir-boosted LPV have drug concentrations above that
      considered to deliver the maximum effect for the respective drug. The results do
      not support the use of routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for efficacy
      optimisation in treatment-naive patients on these drugs, although TDM may still
      be of value in some cases of altered pharmacokinetics, adverse events or drug
      interactions. Serum bilirubin may be a useful marker of adherence to ATV therapy.

PMID- 19967343
TI  - The muscle ankyrin repeat proteins are hypoxia-sensitive: in vivo mRNA expression
      in the hypoxia-tolerant blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi.
AB  - The muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (MARPs), also known as muscle stretch
      proteins, are members of a conserved family of genes known to be induced under
      stress conditions. The three primary members, cardiac ankyrin repeat protein
      (CARP), Ankyrin Repeat Domain 2 (ARPP), and diabetes-related ankyrin repeat
      protein (DARP) are expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, binding to the giant
      protein titin. In addition, both CARP and ARPP are proposed to have regulatory
      functions, shuttling to the nucleus and serving as a liaison between mechanical
      stress and the transcriptional response. In mouse and human models, CARP is
      induced during wound healing, denervation, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis; ARPP
      during an immobilized stretch; DARP is up-regulated in type 2 diabetes, as well
      as brown adipose tissue, suggesting a role in energy metabolism. Most animal
      models have focused on stretch response stress; however, little is known about
      the response of MARPs to hypoxic stress. The blind subterranean mole rat is a
      model for hypoxia tolerance with the ability to survive extremely hypoxic and
      hypercapnic underground conditions. Following observations that CARP is
      differentially expressed in the Spalax muscle in response to hypoxia, we have
      sequenced the Spalax orthologs of the MARP proteins and profiled expression
      patterns under varying levels of hypoxic stress among two Spalax species and
      Rattus. Results show expression patterns highly correlated to the degree of
      hypoxic tolerance among the three species. Understanding the differences in MARP
      expression further elucidates mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance with relevance to
      human ischemic disease.

PMID- 19967345
TI  - Toxicity of metal pyrithione photodegradation products to marine organisms with
      indirect evidence for their presence in seawater.
AB  - We evaluated the acute toxicities of the metal pyrithiones (MePTs)--copper
      pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT)--to four species of marine algae and
      a marine crustacean (Tigriopus japonicus). We also performed acute toxicity tests
      using six of the main MePT photodegradation products: pyridine-N-oxide (PO); 2
      mercaptopyridine (HPS); pyridine-2-sulfonic-acid (PSA); 2-mercaptopyridine-N
      oxide (HPT); 2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine ([PS](2)); and 2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine-N
      oxide ([PT](2))-and three marine organisms representing three trophic levels: an
      alga (Skeletonema costatum), a crustacean (T. japonicus), and a fish (Pagrus
      major). The acute toxicity values (72-h EC(50)) of CuPT, ZnPT, HPT, (PT)(2),
      (PS)(2), HPS, PO, and PSA for S. costatum, which was the most sensitive of the
      test organisms to the chemicals tested, were 1.5, 1.6, 1.1, 3.4, 65, 730,
      >100,000, and >100,000 microg l(-1), respectively. CuPT was detected in the
      growth media used for S. costatum tests and in seawater containing HPT or
      (PT)(2); the concentration of CuPT in seawater containing HPT was highly
      dependent on the Cu(2+) concentration. These results indicate that in the
      presence of sufficient Cu(2+), the toxicities of HPT and (PT)(2) should be
      assessed as CuPT because in Japan MePTs are most frequently used as antifouling
      booster biocides in conjunction with cuprous oxide.

PMID- 19967346
TI  - Sorption of estrogens onto different fractions of sediment and its effect on
      vitellogenin expression in male Japanese medaka.
AB  - This study investigated the sorption capacity of estrogenic compounds-such as
      estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2)-of
      different sediment particle fractions. Two-sized fractions of sediment were used
      in the experiments, with a particle size <1 microm (mostly from 450 to 800 nm)
      and >1 microm up to 50 microm. Sorption kinetics were followed using a two-step
      reaction in which the major amount of chemicals was sorbed rapidly within minutes
      and then gradually increased until equilibrium was reached after 48 h. The
      sorption capacity of the fine particle fraction (particle size <1 microm) was
      shown to be significantly higher than that of the large fraction (1 microm <
      particle size < 50 microm). The sorption kinetics and isotherm were adequately
      predicted by using a pseudo second-order model and the Freundlich equation,
      respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) content and surface area of particle
      fractions were also measured. Although the effects of TOC on the sorption of
      estrogens could not be verified, a higher surface area of fine particle fractions
      may significantly increase sorption capacity to target compounds. Sorption of
      estrogens onto sediment particles could be used to explain the differences of
      estrogenic activity of E2 spiked into different size fractions of particle
      suspensions.

PMID- 19967347
TI  - Temporal trend of butyltins in seawater, sediments, and mussels from Busan Harbor
      of Korea between 2002 and 2007: tracking the effectiveness of tributylin
      regulation.
AB  - Butyltins were determined in seawater, sediments, and mussels (Mytilus edulis)
      collected from Busan Harbor, the largest commercial harbor in Korea, to assess
      the contamination status and the effectiveness of tributylin (TBT) restriction.
      TBT concentrations were found to be 7.6 +/- 8.3 ng Sn/L in seawater, 387 +/- 606
      ng Sn/g dry weight (wt) in sediments, and 322 +/- 167 ng Sn/g dry wt in mussels,
      and are comparable to those in the largest harbors worldwide. TBT levels were
      highest at locations near shipyards and related facilities. Busan Harbor was
      characterized by the long-term history of butyltin contamination, based on the
      lowered TBT/DBT ratios in environmental matrices. The temporal trend of TBT
      levels decreased significantly in seawater and mussels from 2002 to 2007,
      probably as a consequence of the legislative action in Korea (MOE Regulation
      154/2000). However, TBT in sediments did not show any trend, suggesting a long
      half-life for TBT, about 17 years, in sediments.

PMID- 19967348
TI  - Salicylic acid reduces napropamide toxicity by preventing its accumulation in
      rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).
AB  - Napropamide is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds in crop production.
      However, extensive use of the herbicide has led to its accumulation in
      ecosystems, thus causing toxicity to crops and reducing crop production and
      quality. Salicylic acid (SA) plays multiple roles in regulating plant adaptive
      responses to biotic and environmental stresses. However, whether SA regulates
      plant response to herbicides (or pesticides) was unknown. In this study, we
      investigated the effect of SA on herbicide napropamide accumulation and
      biological processes in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Plants exposed to 8 mg kg(-1)
      napropamide showed growth stunt and oxidative damage. Treatment with 0.1 mM SA
      improved growth and reduced napropamide levels in plants. Treatment with SA also
      decreased the abundance of O (2) (-.) and H(2)O(2) as well as activities of
      superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and
      increased activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase
      (GST) in napropamide-exposed plants. Analysis of SOD, CAT, and POD activities
      using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) confirmed the
      results. These results may help to understand how SA regulates plant response to
      organic contaminants and provide a basis to control herbicide/pesticide
      contamination in crop production.

PMID- 19967349
TI  - The importance of Wnt signaling in cardiovascular development.
AB  - Cardiac development is comprised of a series of morphological events tightly
      controlled both spatially and temporally. The molecular pathways controlling
      early cardiac differentiation are poorly understood, but Wnt signaling is
      emerging as a critical pathway for multiple aspects of early cardiovascular
      development. The Wnt pathway plays multiple roles in regulating cellular behavior
      including proliferation, differentiation, cell migration, and cell polarity.
      Recent data have demonstrated that Wnt activity is important for early precardiac
      mesoderm differentiation but must be inhibited in subsequent steps for
      cardiomyocyte differentiation to proceed. Given the important role that Wnt
      signaling plays in both the differentiation of cardiomyocytes from pluripotential
      stem cells and tissue regeneration in general, an increased understanding of this
      pathway is likely to enhance our knowledge about both cardiovascular development
      and reparative mechanisms.

PMID- 19967350
TI  - Examining the cardiac NK-2 genes in early heart development.
AB  - The cardiac NK-2 transcription factors are the vertebrate relatives of the
      Drosophila tinman gene. Without the Drosophila tinman gene, fruit flies fail to
      form their heart ("dorsal vessel"), and mutations or altered expression of
      cardiac NK-2 genes may lead to abnormal heart formation in vertebrates. Although
      the cardiac NK-2 gene NKX2-5 is recognized as an important factor in cases of
      human congenital heart disease and heart development in vertebrates, the roles of
      the other cardiac NK-2 genes are less clear. This report reviews what is known
      about the cardiac NK-2 genes in cardiac development, comparing studies in several
      different model systems.

PMID- 19967351
TI  - Cardiac operations for North American children with rheumatic diseases: 1985
      2005.
AB  - Certain pediatric rheumatic diseases are known to affect the heart, sometimes
      requiring surgical intervention. The Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium database
      was used to characterize cardiac surgical intervention among children with
      rheumatic diseases from 1985 to 2005. From this large database, the records for
      patients younger than 21 years who underwent cardiac surgery for any rheumatic
      disorder were extracted. The data collected included the type of procedure
      performed, the age at the time of the procedure, and the year the procedure was
      performed. The 261 pediatric patients identified underwent 361 cardiac surgical
      procedures for complications of rheumatic heart disease (RHD; 160 patients),
      neonatal lupus (NLE; 53 patients), Kawasaki disease (KD; 28 patients), systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE; 13 patients), and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA; 7
      patients). Multiple procedures were performed for 23% of the patients. The most
      common procedures included pacemaker implantations among infants with NLE,
      coronary artery bypass grafts for KD primarily in 5- to 15-year-olds, and cardiac
      valve operations among adolescents with RHD, SLE, and JRA. Six perioperative
      deaths occurred. The proportion of annual pediatric cardiac surgical volume
      attributable to rheumatic diseases did not change during the period studied.
      Despite advances in their medical care, children with rheumatic diseases continue
      to sustain measurable morbidity and mortality due to the cardiovascular
      manifestations of their disease.

PMID- 19967352
TI  - Hypoplastic left heart syndrome in patients with Kabuki syndrome.
AB  - The association of cardiac defects with Kabuki syndrome has been well described.
      The majority of these defects are isolated shunt lesions, conotruncal
      abnormalities, or various forms of arch obstruction. This report describes a
      series of three patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and Kabuki
      syndrome. The series illustrates the full spectrum of left-sided obstructive
      lesions and expands the phenotype of cardiac defects associated with Kabuki
      syndrome.

PMID- 19967353
TI  - Heterogeneity in the CD200R paired receptor family.
AB  - Paired receptors are groups of closely related membrane proteins that have the
      potential to either inhibit or activate. The CD200R family consists of one
      inhibitory member, CD200R and various numbers of activating genes according to
      species with three defined in C57BL/6 mice. A genomic PCR strategy was used to
      examine the repertoire of genes in both laboratory and wild-derived mice. Most
      mouse strains tested (18/22) had three activating genes, and 16 of these had
      either the combination of CD200RLa, Lb, and Lc or CD200RLa, Lb, and Le. The Lc
      and Le genes were mutually exclusive and were equally common (10 strains). Wild
      derived mice varied more with one example of strains with one, two, and four
      activating genes. An inhibitory CD200R gene was detected in each mouse strain,
      although two slightly different sequences were found in both laboratory and wild
      derived mice. This diversity is probably being driven by pathogens but is less
      extensive than for many NK paired receptors such as KIR and Ly49. It is possible
      that myeloid paired receptors are involved in immune regulation of responses
      against pathogens rather than directly killing infected cells as for NK cells
      and, hence, under less intense evolutionary pressure.

PMID- 19967354
TI  - Microbial community structure changes during oyster mushroom substrate
      preparation.
AB  - Although oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is a valuable food, cultivated
      worldwide on an industrial scale, still very little is known about the microbial
      dynamics during oyster mushroom substrate preparation. Therefore, the
      characterization of the microbial dynamics by chemical and biological tools was
      the objective of this study. During substrate preparation, enzymatic
      digestibility of the substrate improved by 77%, whereas the cellulose and
      hemicellulose to lignin ratios decreased by 9% and 19%, respectively. Fluorescein
      diacetate hydrolysis reached its minimum value at the temperature maximum of the
      process during the composting phase and exceeded the initial level at the end of
      the process. Fungal species played part in the initial mesophilic phase of the
      substrate preparation process, but they disappeared after pasteurization in
      tunnels at constant elevated temperatures. Changes in the microbiota showed a
      marked bacterial community succession during substrate preparation investigated
      by 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid-based terminal restriction fragment length
      polymorphism (T-RFLP). Mature samples represented the least variance, which
      indicated the effect of the standardized preparation protocol. The relation
      between mushroom yield and the bacterial community T-RFLP fingerprints was
      investigated, but the uniformity of mushroom yields did not support any
      significant correlation.

PMID- 19967355
TI  - A robust and extracellular heme-containing peroxidase from Thermobifida fusca as
      prototype of a bacterial peroxidase superfamily.
AB  - DyP-type peroxidases comprise a novel superfamily of heme-containing peroxidases
      which is unrelated to the superfamilies of known peroxidases and of which only a
      few members have been characterized in some detail. Here, we report the
      identification and characterization of a DyP-type peroxidase (TfuDyP) from the
      thermophilic actinomycete Thermobifida fusca. Biochemical characterization of the
      recombinant enzyme showed that it is a monomeric, heme-containing, thermostable,
      and Tat-dependently exported peroxidase. TfuDyP is not only active as dye
      decolorizing peroxidase as it also accepts phenolic compounds and aromatic
      sulfides. In fact, it is able to catalyze enantioselective sulfoxidations, a type
      of reaction that has not been reported before for DyP-type peroxidases. Site
      directed mutagenesis was used to determine the role of two conserved residues.
      D242 is crucial for catalysis while H338 represents the proximal heme ligand and
      is essential for heme incorporation. A genome database analysis revealed that DyP
      type peroxidases are frequently found in bacterial genomes while they are
      extremely rare in other organisms. Most of the bacterial homologs are potential
      cytosolic enzymes, suggesting metabolic roles different from dye degradation. In
      conclusion, the detailed biochemical characterization reported here contributes
      significantly to our understanding of these enzymes and further emphasizes their
      biotechnological potential.

PMID- 19967357
TI  - Is breast augmentation using hyaluronic acid safe?
AB  - Macrolane, a compound composed of hyaluronic acid, is the newest product to be
      marketed for breast augmentation. Like many previous breast augmentation
      products, Macrolane has been authorised for use with very little published
      scientific data on its safety and efficacy in breast augmentation. This article
      reviews the evidence available on the safety of using hyaluronic acid and raises
      concerns with regard to its use as a product for breast augmentation, the
      technique recommended for its use, and the authorisation process for new
      implantable medical devices. It is strongly recommended that clinicians review
      the lack of data on Macrolane before offering it as a treatment option to
      patients.

PMID- 19967358
TI  - Comparison of Surgisis, AlloDerm, and Vicryl Woven Mesh grafts for abdominal wall
      defect repair in an animal model.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Surgisis and AlloDerm, two biosynthetic materials, have been
      previously used with success in abdominal wall repairs in the setting of
      contaminated fields. Historically, Vicryl Woven Mesh, a synthetic material, has
      also been used in such settings as a temporary bridge for abdominal wall
      reconstruction. This study compares Surgisis and AlloDerm with Vicryl Woven Mesh
      with respect to tensile strength, collagen remodeling, and neovascularization
      using a rat hernia model. METHODS: A prospective randomized trial of 54 Sprague
      Dawley rats were assigned to the Surgisis, AlloDerm, or Vicryl Woven Mesh group
      with baseline, 30-day, and 60-day end points. A 1.5-cm x 5.0-cm defect was
      created in the right abdominis rectus muscle and repaired with an underlay bridge
      graft using the different treatment materials. Tensile strength was measured
      using an Instron tensiometer. Histologic specimens were evaluated for
      neovascularization, collagen deposition, and collagen organization at the 30- and
      60-day time points. RESULTS: Surgisis had significantly greater tensile strength
      compared to Vicryl Woven Mesh at the baseline time point (0.142 vs. 0.091 MPa, p
      < 0.05). There were no differences between groups tensile strength at 30 or 60
      days postoperatively. The Vicryl Woven Mesh and AlloDerm groups showed increases
      in tensile strength at 30 days postoperatively versus baseline (p < 0.05). Vicryl
      Woven Mesh, Surgisis, and AlloDerm all showed increases in tensile strength at 60
      days postoperatively compared to 30 days postoperatively and at baseline (p <
      0.05). Surgisis and AlloDerm had significantly greater (p < 0.05) amounts of
      collagen deposition and organization at 30 and 60 days compared to Vicryl Woven
      Mesh. There was no significant difference between AlloDerm and Surgisis with
      respect to collagen deposition and organization. Surgisis and AlloDerm showed a
      significantly greater amount (p < 0.05) of neovascularization than Vicryl Woven
      Mesh at both time points. In addition, Surgisis had a significantly greater
      amount (p < 0.05) of neovascularization than AlloDerm at both 30 and 60 days.
      CONCLUSION: Surgisis has increased baseline tensile strength compared to Vicryl
      Woven Mesh. Tensile strength in Vicryl Woven Mesh is equal to biosynthetic grafts
      after tissue incorporation. Biosynthetic grafts showed superior collagen
      deposition and organization. Surgisis mesh showed increased neovascularization
      over both AlloDerm and Vicryl Woven Mesh.

PMID- 19967360
TI  - Changes in occlusal force after intraoral one-stage curved osteotomy of the
      prominent mandibular angle.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Curved osteotomy of a prominent mandibular angle is widely used in
      narrowing the width of the lower face, but its influence on occlusal force has
      not been evaluated. METHODS: The maximum occlusal forces of five different teeth
      areas in 20 consecution patients with an average age of 26.5 years were studied.
      The examinations were performed both before the operation and 6 months afterward.
      RESULTS: The values of maximum occlusal force had reached the preoperative levels
      or slightly above for the incisor teeth, bilateral premolar teeth, and bilateral
      molar teeth 6 months after operation. There were no significant differences
      between the levels before the operation and 6 months afterward (P > 0.05).
      CONCLUSION: According to the study findings, curved osteotomy of the prominent
      mandibular angle had no long-term harmful effects on occlusal force.

PMID- 19967361
TI  - Relationships between major ownerships, forest aboveground biomass distributions,
      and landscape dynamics in the New England region of USA.
AB  - This study utilizes remote sensing derived forest aboveground biomass (AGB)
      estimates and ownership information obtained from the Protected Areas Database
      (PAD), combining landscape analyses and GIS techniques to demonstrate how
      different ownerships (public, regulated private, and other private) relate to the
      spatial distribution of AGB in New England states of the USA. "Regulated private"
      lands were dominated by lands in Maine covered by a Land Use Regulatory
      Commission. The AGB means between all pairs of the identified ownership
      categories were significantly different (P < 0.05). Mean AGB observed in public
      lands (156 Mg/ha) was 43% higher than that in regulated private lands (109
      Mg/ha), or 30% higher than that of private lands as a whole. Seventy-seven
      percent of the regional forests (or about 9,300 km(2)) with AGB >200 Mg/ha were
      located outside the area designated in the PAD and concentrated in western MA,
      southern VT, southwestern NH, and northwestern CT. While relatively unfragmented
      and high-AGB forests (>200 Mg/ha) accounted for about 8% of total forested land,
      they were unevenly proportioned among the three major ownership groups across the
      region: 19.6% of the public land, 0.8% of the regulated private land, and 11.0%
      of the other private land. Mean disturbance rates (in absolute value) between
      1992 and 2001 were 16, 66, and 19 percent, respectively, on public, regulated
      private, and other private land. This indicates that management practices from
      different ownerships have a strong impact on dynamic changes of landscape
      structures and AGB distributions. Our results may provide insight information for
      policy makers on issues regarding forest carbon management, conservation biology,
      and biodiversity studies at regional level.

PMID- 19967362
TI  - Local responses to participatory conservation in Annapurna conservation area,
      Nepal.
AB  - Biodiversity conservation has undergone a profound change in philosophy, policies
      and management approaches over the last forty years. The traditional top-down
      approach to nature protection has been widely criticized for failing to include
      critical social elements in management practices, and is being gradually replaced
      by a slew of participatory strategies under the rubric of bottom-up conservation.
      The new approach recognizes local communities as key partners in wildlife
      management and seeks their participation in social development and biodiversity
      conservation. However, every social context is different in its structure and
      functions, and in the way social groups respond to calls for participation. In
      order to gain a better understanding of the approach and the barriers encountered
      in its implementation, a questionnaire survey of 188 households was employed in
      the communities of the Upper Mustang extension of Annapurna Conservation Area
      (ACA) in Nepal. The study provides a comparative analysis of community
      participation and its barriers between Non-Tourist (NT) and Tourist (TV)
      villages. The results revealed important differences between the two groups in
      terms of their participation in community programs, barriers to participation,
      and perception of benefits from participation. Owing to their distinct spatial,
      demographic and attitudinal differences, the two village groups have their own
      sets of needs, values and motivation factors which cannot be generalized and
      treated as such. The research clearly identifies the need for the conservation
      agency to be creative in devising strategies and initiatives appropriate to
      specific social groups so as to optimize their input in participatory
      conservation.

PMID- 19967363
TI  - Public versus private: does it matter for water conservation? Insights from
      California.
AB  - This article asks three connected questions: First, does the public view private
      and public utilities differently, and if so, does this affect attitudes to
      conservation? Second, do public and private utilities differ in their approaches
      to conservation? Finally, do differences in the approaches of the utilities, if
      any, relate to differences in public attitudes? We survey public attitudes in
      California toward (hypothetical but plausible) voluntary and mandated water
      conservation, as well as to price increases, during a recent period of shortage.
      We do this by interviewing households in three pairs of adjacent public and
      private utilities. We also survey managers of public and private urban water
      utilities to see if they differ in their approaches to conservation and to their
      customers. On the user side we do not find pronounced differences, though a
      minority of customers in all private companies would be more willing to conserve
      or pay higher prices under a public operator. No respondent in public utility
      said the reverse. Negative attitudes toward private operators were most
      pronounced in the pair marked by a controversial recent privatization and a price
      hike. Nonetheless, we find that California's history of recurrent droughts and
      the visible role of the state in water supply and drought management undermine
      the distinction between public and private. Private utilities themselves work to
      underplay the distinction by stressing the collective ownership of the water
      source and the collective value of conservation. Overall, California's public
      utilities appear more proactive and target-oriented in asking their customers to
      conserve than their private counterparts and the state continues to be important
      in legitimating and guiding conservation behavior, whether the utility is in
      public hands or private.

PMID- 19967364
TI  - Private and social costs of surface mine reforestation performance criteria.
AB  - We study the potentially unnecessary costs imposed by strict performance
      standards for forest restoration of surface coal mines in the Appalachian region
      under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) that can
      vary widely across states. Both the unnecessary private costs to the mine
      operator and costs to society (social costs) are reported for two performance
      standards, a ground cover requirement, and a seedling survival target. These
      standards are examined using numerical analyses under a range of site
      productivity class and market conditions. We show that a strict (90%) ground
      cover standard may produce an unnecessary private cost of more than $700/ha and a
      social cost ranging from $428/ha to $710/ha, as compared with a 70% standard. A
      strict tree survival standard of 1235 trees/ha, as compared with the more typical
      1087 trees/ha standard, may produce an unnecessary private cost of approximately
      $200/ha, and a social cost in the range of $120 to $208/ha. We conclude that
      strict performance standards may impose substantial unnecessary private costs and
      social costs, that strict performance standards may be discouraging the choice of
      forestry as a post-mining land use, and that opportunities exist for reform of
      reforestation performance standards. Our study provides a basis for evaluating
      tradeoffs between regulatory efficiency and optimal reforestation effort.

PMID- 19967365
TI  - Conservation without borders: building communication and action across
      disciplinary boundaries for effective conservation.
AB  - Interdisciplinary approaches to conservation research and environmental
      management continue to garner interest among practitioners, academics, and
      students. Yet, cases of practitioners and researchers from different disciplines
      successfully working in concert towards an integrated conservation approach are
      rare. What is preventing practitioners of multiple disciplines from harmoniously
      working together? Why are practitioners and academics struggling to apply their
      graduate training to real world conservation? What is preventing the benefits of
      cooperation and partnerships between different disciplines addressing
      conservation from being realized? This special issue "Conservation without
      Borders: Building Communication and Action across Disciplinary Boundaries for
      Effective Conservation" asks readers to consider the numerous interpretations and
      implications of the phrase "Conservation without Borders" and to reflect on how
      different academic and disciplinary lenses can contribute to a more integrated
      approach to tackling conservation challenges. The articles that comprise this
      special issue offer readers insights into the ways in which different disciplines
      view conservation work and interdisciplinary approaches to environmental
      problems. Bringing these perspectives and approaches together in one place is a
      step towards improving communication across disciplines for the purpose of
      achieving more successful biodiversity conservation.

PMID- 19967366
TI  - CT fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy with novel steerable biopsy canula: ex-vivo
      evaluation in ventilated porcine lung explants.
AB  - The purpose was to evaluate ex-vivo a prototype of a novel biopsy canula under CT
      fluoroscopy-guidance in ventilated porcine lung explants in respiratory motion
      simulations. Using an established chest phantom for porcine lung explants, n = 24
      artificial lesions consisting of a fat-wax-Lipiodol mixture (approx. 70HU) were
      placed adjacent to sensible structures such as aorta, pericardium, diaphragm,
      bronchus and pulmonary artery. A piston pump connected to a reservoir beneath a
      flexible silicone reconstruction of a diaphragm simulated respiratory motion by
      rhythmic inflation and deflation of 1.5 L water. As biopsy device an 18-gauge
      prototype biopsy canula with a lancet-like, helically bended cutting edge was
      used. The artificial lesions were punctured under CT fluoroscopy-guidance
      (SOMATOM Sensation 64, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany; 30mAs/120 kV/5 mm slice
      thickness) implementing a dedicated protocol for CT fluoroscopy-guided lung
      biopsy. The mean-diameter of the artificial lesions was 8.3 +/- 2.6 mm, and the
      mean-distance of the phantom wall to the lesions was 54.1 +/- 13.5 mm. The mean
      displacement of the lesions by respiratory motion was 14.1 +/- 4.0 mm. The mean
      duration of CT fluoroscopy was 9.6 +/- 5.1 s. On a 4-point scale (1 = central; 2
      = peripheral; 3 = marginal; 4 = off target), the mean-targeted precision was 1.9
      +/- 0.9. No misplacement of the biopsy canula affecting adjacent structures could
      be detected. The novel steerable biopsy canula proved to be efficient in the ex
      vivo set-up. The chest phantom enabling respiratory motion and the steerable
      biopsy canula offer a feasible ex-vivo system for evaluating and training CT
      fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy adapted to respiratory motion.

PMID- 19967367
TI  - Determinants of local progression after computed tomography-guided percutaneous
      radiofrequency ablation for unresectable lung tumors: 9-year experience in a
      single institution.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine the local control rate
      and contributing factors to local progression after computed tomography (CT)
      guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for unresectable lung tumor. This study
      included 138 lung tumors in 72 patients (56 men and 16 women; age 70.0 +/- 11.6
      years (range 31-94); mean tumor size 2.1 +/- 1.2 cm [range 0.2-9]) who underwent
      lung RFA between June 2000 and May 2009. Mean follow-up periods for patients and
      tumors were 14 and 12 months, respectively. The local progression-free rate and
      survival rate were calculated to determine the contributing factors to local
      progression. During follow-up, 44 of 138 (32%) lung tumors showed local
      progression. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall local control rates were 61, 57,
      57, and 38%, respectively. The risk factors for local progression were age
      (>or=70 years), tumor size (>or=2 cm), sex (male), and no achievement of roll-off
      during RFA (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified tumor size >or=2 cm as
      the only independent factor for local progression (P = 0.003). For tumors <2 cm,
      17 of 68 (25%) showed local progression, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall local
      control rates were 77, 73, and 73%, respectively. Multivariate analysis
      identified that age >or=70 years was an independent determinant of local
      progression for tumors <2 cm in diameter (P = 0.011). The present study showed
      that 32% of lung tumors developed local progression after CT-guided RFA. The
      significant risk factor for local progression after RFA for lung tumors was tumor
      size >or=2 cm.

PMID- 19967368
TI  - Percutaneous radiofrequency lung ablation combined with transbronchial saline
      injection: an experimental study in swine.
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency lung ablation with transbronchial
      saline injection. The bilateral lungs of eight living swine were used. A 13-gauge
      bone biopsy needle was inserted percutaneously into the lung, and 1 ml of muscle
      paste was injected to create a tumor mimic. In total, 21 nodules were ablated. In
      the saline injection group (group A), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was performed
      for 11 nodules after transbronchial saline injection under balloon occlusion with
      a 2-cm active single internally cooled electrode. In the control group (group B),
      conventional RFA was performed for 10 nodules as a control. The infused saline
      liquid showed a wedge-shaped and homogeneous distribution surrounding a tumor
      mimic. All 21 RFAs were successfully completed. The total ablation time was
      significantly longer (13.4 +/- 2.8 min vs. 8.9 +/- 3.5 min; P = 0.0061) and the
      tissue impedance was significantly lower in group A compared with group B (73.1
      +/- 8.8 Omega vs. 100.6 +/- 16.6 Omega; P = 0.0002). The temperature of the
      ablated area was not significantly different (69.4 +/- 9.1 degrees C vs. 66.0 +/-
      7.9 degrees C; P = 0.4038). There was no significant difference of tumor mimic
      volume (769 +/- 343 mm(3) vs. 625 +/- 191 mm(3); P = 0.2783). The volume of the
      coagulated area was significantly larger in group A than in group B (3886 +/-
      1247 mm(3) vs. 2375 +/- 1395 mm(3); P = 0.0221). Percutaneous radiofrequency lung
      ablation combined with transbronchial saline injection can create an extended
      area of ablation.

PMID- 19967369
TI  - Quality of interventional radiology journals and papers.

PMID- 19967370
TI  - Endovascular coil embolization in a postnephrostomy renal vein to renal pelvis
      fistula.
AB  - We report the case of a 74-year-old man with post-percutaneous-nephrostomy venous
      hemorrhage from an iatrogenic fistula between the renal pelvis and a large
      tributary of the renal vein. Conservative management failed to contain the
      hemorrhage. Hence the fistula was occluded by coil embolization through the renal
      vein. This endovascular approach enabled rapid and effective stoppage of the
      venous bleed.There was no recurrence of the bleed or any pertinent complication
      at 3-month follow-up.

PMID- 19967372
TI  - Sacroplasty for local or massive localization of multiple myeloma.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of cementoplasty in the
      treatment of sacral multiple myelomas. We retrospectively reviewed the records of
      eight patients (four women and four men; age range 47-68 years; mean age 57.8)
      who underwent cementoplasty for painful osteolytic localization of multiple
      myeloma between April 2007 and May 2009. The patients had difficulty walking
      because of increasing pain. Six patients had persistent pain despite other
      cementoplasties for vertebral and femoral localization, whereas two patients
      referred at the time of diagnosis had only sacral lesions. The clinical
      indication for treatment was (1) a pain intensity score >=5 on visual analogue
      scale (VAS) and (2) pain totally or partially refractory to analgesic treatment
      in patients with a life expectancy >3 months. Technical planning was based on
      computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Six patients had
      previously undergone radiotherapy or chemotherapy and were receiving varying
      doses of analgesics, whereas sacroplasty represented the first treatment for two
      patients. Five patients had monolateral local involvement, and the other patients
      had massive involvement of the sacrum; Technical success was achieved in all
      cases. We had only one small and asymptomatic foraminal leak. All patients
      experienced improvement in symptoms after the procedure, as demonstrated by
      improved VAS scores and performance status (PS) and decreased analgesic dose
      constant during follow-up. In our experience, percutaneous stabilization can be
      used effectively and safely in patients with focal or extensive involvement of
      the sacrum by multiple myeloma.

PMID- 19967371
TI  - Radiologic-pathologic correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with
      chemoembolization.
AB  - To correlate posttreatment radiologic and pathologic findings in patients who
      underwent transarterial chemoembolization before transplantation or resection.
      Thirty-five patients with postchemoembolization follow-up imaging underwent liver
      transplantation/resection. Pre- and posttreatment contrast-enhanced magnetic
      resonance imaging were used to evaluate radiologic findings. Imaging
      characteristics using World Health Organization (WHO) and European Association
      for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria after treatment were evaluated.
      Treated lesions were examined by pathology (gold standard) for the assessment of
      necrosis. Radiologic findings on magnetic resonance imaging were correlated to
      pathologic findings to assess the predictability by imaging of actual necrosis.
      Kappa (kappa) statistics were used to determine intermethod agreement between WHO
      and EASL criteria. Fourteen (40%) of 35 lesions had biopsy-proven hepatocellular
      carcinoma. Thirteen (37%) of 35 target lesions showed complete pathologic
      necrosis. Complete pathologic necrosis was seen in 35% of lesions with
      pretreatment size <3 cm. Complete pathologic necrosis was seen in 1 (100%) of 1,
      6 (67%) of 9, 6 (33%) of 18, and 0 (0%) of 7 of the lesions that exhibited
      complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or
      progressive disease (PD) by WHO criteria, respectively. Complete pathologic
      necrosis was seen in 9 (82%) of 11, 4 (36%) of 11, 0 (0%) of 8, and 0 (0%) of 5
      of the lesions that showed CR, PR, SD, or PD by EASL criteria, respectively. EASL
      CR and WHO response were shown to have >=85% specificity for predicting complete
      pathologic necrosis. The kappa coefficient for agreement between WHO and EASL was
      0.29. EASL and WHO criteria had minimal intermethod agreement. EASL CR and WHO
      response were able to predict pathologic necrosis.

PMID- 19967373
TI  - Effects of corn steep liquor on growth rate and pyrene degradation by Pseudomonas
      strains.
AB  - The growth rates and pyrene degradation rates of Pseudomonas sp. LP1 and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP5 were increased in corn steep liquor (CSL)
      supplemented. On pyrene alone the highest specific growth rate of LP1 was 0.018
      h(-1), while on CSL-supplemented pyrene MSM, the value was 0.026 h(-)1. For LP5
      the highest growth rate on CSL-supplemented pyrene-MSM was 0.034 h(-1).
      Conversely, on pyrene alone the highest rate was 0.024 h(-1). CSL led to marked
      reduction in residual pyrene. In the case of Pseudomonas sp. LP1 values of
      residual pyrene were 58.54 and 45.47%, respectively, for the unsupplemented and
      supplemented broth cultures, showing a difference of 13.09%. For LP5 the
      corresponding values were 64.01 and 26.96%, respectively, showing a difference of
      37.05%. The rate of pyrene utilization by LP1 were 0.08 and 0.11 mg l(-1) h(-1)
      on unsupplemented and supplemented media, respectively. The corresponding values
      for LP5 were 0.07 and 0.015 mg l(-1) h(-1), respectively. These results suggest
      that CSL, a cheap and readily available waste product, could be very useful in
      the bioremediation of environments contaminated with pyrene.

PMID- 19967374
TI  - Novel Bacteriophages in Enterococcus spp.
AB  - Most of the bacteriophages (phages) currently reported in Enterococcus spp.
      belong to tailed families of bacteriophages Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and
      Myoviridae. There is a little information on non-tailed bacteriophages isolated
      from enterococci. Samples of sewage and piggery effluents were tested on pig and
      chicken isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and E. gallinarum for lytic
      phages. In addition, isolates were exposed to mitomycin C to induce lysogenic
      phages. Bacteriophages that were detected were visualized by electron microscopy.
      Ten bacteriophages were of isometric shape with long flexible or non-flexible
      tails, while one had a long head with a long flexible tail; all contained double
      stranded DNA molecules. Seven Polyhedral, filamentous, and pleomorphic-shaped
      phages containing DNA or RNA were also observed. The pleomorphic phages were
      droplet- or lemon-shaped in morphology. This study is the first report on
      polyhedral phages in Enterococcus spp. of animal origin and also the first report
      of filamentous and pleomorphic phages in enterococci.

PMID- 19967375
TI  - Diversity of yeasts from puddles in the vicinity of midre lovenbreen glacier,
      arctic and bioprospecting for enzymes and fatty acids.
AB  - A total of 132 yeast strains were characterised from 4 sediment samples collected
      from small puddles in the vicinity of Midre Lovenbreen glacier, Arctic. Based on
      the D1/D2 domain sequence similarity, the isolates could be categorised into 6
      groups. The nearest phylogenetic neighbour of groups I to VI were identified as
      Cryptococcus gastricus, Cryptococcus terricolus, Rhodotorula muscorum, Mrakia
      psychrophila, Mrakia gelida and Rhodotorula glacialis, respectively. Strains
      representative of the six groups were psychrophilic and salt tolerant but varied
      in their ability to produce cold-active extracellular enzymes such as lipase,
      protease, pectinase, cellulase and amylase. C(18:1 (w9C)) and C(18:2 (w9,12C))
      were the only two fatty acids common to all the yeasts and branched and (or)
      unsaturated fatty acids increased in yeasts growing at 8 degrees C compared to 22
      degrees C, probably as an adaptation to low temperature. The present study
      establishes that psychrophilic yeasts are predominant in Arctic and could be used
      as work horses to produce cold-active enzymes and poly unsaturated fatty acids
      which have been implicated in low temperature adaptation and also for their use
      in biotechnology.

PMID- 19967376
TI  - Characterization of a novel thermostable esterase from Thermus scotoductus SA-01:
      evidence of a new family of lipolytic esterases.
AB  - An esterase, designated EstTs1, was identified and characterized from a genomic
      library of Thermus scotoductus SA-01 (ATCC 700910). The library was screened in
      Escherichia coli for lipolytic activity on tributyrin agar plates. A 1.7-kb DNA
      fragment from a lipolytic positive clone was sequenced and two open reading
      frames (ORFs) were identified. A 774-bp ORF, designated EstTs1 with an estimated
      molecular mass of 28.6 kDa, and a 693-bp ORF, designated EstTs2 with an estimated
      molecular mass of 25.6 kDa, were identified. These two ORFs appear to form part
      of an operon. Sequence analysis showed that both proteins contained the G-X-S-X-G
      signature sequence motif present in most esterases and lipases. The deduced amino
      sequence of EstTs1 was found to display significant sequence identity with
      putative hydrolase proteins from both Thermus aquaticus Y51MC23 and Thermus
      thermophilus HB27. Similarly, EstTs2, also displayed significant homology to a
      second putative hydrolase protein present in the same two organisms. The cloning
      and characterization of these two ORFs from T. aquaticus Y51MC23 and T.
      thermophilus strain HB27 encoding putative hydrolase genes have not been
      reported. E. coli cells harbouring EstTs1 on a multicopy vector produced a
      clearing zone on tributyrin agar plates, whereas no enzymatic activity was
      observed for E. coli harbouring EstTs2 on a multicopy vector. EstTs1 displayed
      optimum activity at pH 7 and 80 degrees C with a half life of 48 h at 70 degrees
      C.

PMID- 19967377
TI  - Studies of mitochondrial morphology and DNA amount in the rice egg cell.
AB  - In plant vegetative cells, mitochondria are usually small and grain-shaped. In
      contrast, unusually shaped giant mitochondria (large cup-shaped or long stretched
      rod-shaped) appear in the egg cells of geranium, maize, Ipomoea nil, and bracken.
      In this study, to characterize egg cell mitochondria in rice, we used
      nonenzymatic manual dissection to isolate unfertilized egg cells of rice and
      observed the egg cell mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) simultaneously.
      These observations showed that the mitochondria in the rice egg cell are small
      and grain-shaped, unlike the mitochondria in geranium, maize, I. nil, and
      bracken. Double staining of mitochondria by MitoTracker and mtDNA by SYBR Green I
      showed that mitochondria in the rice egg cell have a large amount of mtDNA
      compared with the rice root protoplast. We also used real-time PCR analysis to
      quantify the mtDNA amount in the rice egg cell. We quantified the copy numbers of
      four mitochondrial genes per single rice egg cell and rice leaf protoplast. Real
      time PCR analysis revealed that the egg cell has more than ten times more copy
      numbers of all of four genes encoded in the mitochondrial genome compared with
      the leaf protoplast.

PMID- 19967378
TI  - Seasonal protein changes support rapid energy production in hibernator brainstem.
AB  - During the torpor phase of mammalian hibernation when core body temperature is
      near 4 degrees C, the autonomic system continues to maintain respiration, blood
      pressure and heartbeat despite drastic reductions in brain activity. In addition,
      the hibernator's neuronal tissues enter into a protected state in which the
      potential for ischemia-reperfusion injury is markedly minimized. Evolutionary
      adaptations for continued function and neuroprotection throughout cycles of
      torpor and euthermia in winter are predicted to manifest themselves partly in
      changes in the brainstem proteome. Here, we compare the soluble brainstem protein
      complement from six summer active ground squirrels and six in the early torpor
      (ET) phase of hibernation. Thirteen percent of the approximately 1,500
      quantifiable 2D gel spots alter significantly from summer to ET; the proteins
      identified in these differing spots are known to play roles in energy homeostasis
      via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (8 proteins), cytoarchitecture and cell motility
      (14 proteins), anabolic protein processes (13 proteins), redox control (11
      proteins) and numerous other categories including protein catabolism, oxidative
      phosphorylation, signal transduction, glycolysis, intracellular protein
      trafficking and antiapoptotic function. These protein changes represent, at least
      in part, the molecular bases for restructuring of cells in the brainstem, a shift
      away from glucose as the primary fuel source for brain in the winter, and the
      generation of a streamlined mechanism capable of efficient and rapid energy
      production and utilization during the torpor and arousal cycles of hibernation.

PMID- 19967379
TI  - Microecology, intestinal epithelial barrier and necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - Soon after birth, the neonatal intestine is confronted with a massive antigenic
      challenge of microbial colonization. Microbial signals are required for
      maturation of several physiological, anatomical, and biochemical functions of
      intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) after birth. Commensal bacteria regulate
      intestinal innate and adaptive immunity and provide stimuli for ongoing repair
      and restitution of IEB. Colonization by pathogenic bacteria and/or dysmature
      response to microbial stimuli can result in flagrant inflammatory response as
      seen in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Characterized by inflammation and
      hemorrhagic-ischemic necrosis, NEC is a devastating complication of prematurity.
      Although there is evidence that both prematurity and presence of bacteria, are
      proven contributing factors to the pathogenesis of NEC, the molecular mechanisms
      involved in IEB dysfunction associated with NEC have begun to emerge only
      recently. The metagenomic advances in the field of intestinal microecology are
      providing insight into the factors that are required for establishment of
      commensal bacteria that appear to provide protection against intestinal
      inflammation and NEC. Perturbations in achieving colonization by commensal
      bacteria such as premature birth or hospitalization in intensive care nursery can
      result in dysfunction of IEB and NEC. In this article, microbial modulation of
      functions of IEB and its relationship with barrier dysfunction and NEC are
      described.

PMID- 19967381
TI  - Vaginal microbial flora and outcome of pregnancy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The vaginal microflora of a healthy asymptomatic woman consists of a
      wide variety of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and species dominated by
      the facultative, microaerophilic, anaerobic genus Lactobacillus. The activity of
      Lactobacillus is essential to protect women from genital infections and to
      maintain the natural healthy balance of the vaginal flora. Increasing evidence
      associates abnormalities in vaginal flora during pregnancy with preterm labor and
      delivery with potential neonatal sequelae due to prematurity and poor perinatal
      outcome. Although this phenomenon is relatively common, even in populations of
      women at low risk for adverse events, the pathogenetic mechanism that leads to
      complications in pregnancy is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This review
      summarizes the current knowledge and uncertainties in defining alterations of
      vaginal flora in non-pregnant adult women and during pregnancy, and, in
      particular, investigates the issue of bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis.
      This could help specialists to identify women amenable to treatment during
      pregnancy leading to the possibility to reduce the preterm birth rate, preterm
      premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, neonatal, puerperal and
      maternal-fetal infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal ecosystem study with the
      detection of pathogens is a key instrument in the prevention of preterm delivery,
      pPROM, chorioamnionitis, neonatal, puerperal and maternal-fetal infections.

PMID- 19967382
TI  - Grandmultiparity and pregnancy outcome in Aba, Nigeria: a case-control study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of antenatal and intrapartum complications
      and perinatal outcomes among women who had delivered five or more times
      (grandmultiparous) with those of age-matched controls who had delivered two to
      four times (multiparous). DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: A tertiary
      referral hospital in Aba, Nigeria. SAMPLE: Seven hundred and thirty-four
      grandmultiparous women were compared with 734 age-matched multiparous controls.
      METHODS: Maternal case records were retrieved from medical records department and
      analyzed with additional information obtained from the labor ward records.
      Statistical analysis was done using EPI info version 6; chi2 test was used to
      analyze categorical variables. RESULTS: Grandmultiparity was associated with a
      significantly higher risk of antenatal anemia (P < 0.05), multiple pregnancy (P <
      0.01), fetal macrosomia (P < 0.01), perinatal mortality (P < 0.01), and primary
      postpartum hemorrhage (P < 0.05). A significantly higher rate of cesarean
      deliveries was observed in the multiparous controls (P < 0.01), than the
      grandmultiparous women. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that there is an increased
      risk of antenatal anemia, multiple pregnancy, primary postpartum hemorrhage, and
      adverse perinatal outcomes in grandmultiparous women independent of maternal age.

PMID- 19967384
TI  - Can we explain the exposure variability found in hand-arm vibrations when using
      angle grinders? A round robin laboratory study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To quantify variance components of hand-arm vibration exposure from
      data collected in a laboratory study of four different angle grinders. METHODS:
      Four different angle grinders were sent to seven laboratories for grinding tests
      by three operators at each laboratory. Vibration in both the throttle and support
      handles was measured. For one grinder, the experimental set-up was repeated and
      two measurements were collected for that specific grinder. RESULTS: At least one
      third of the estimated variability is attributable to the wheel and less than one
      third to the operator. In repeated experiments, between-occasion, operator and
      wheel factors explained 4, 29 and 17% of the total variability, respectively.
      CONCLUSIONS: Since measured vibrations in the support and throttle handles are
      significantly differed, measurements should be taken at both locations. Factors
      influencing vibration variability include the presence/absence of an auto balance
      unit, wheel and operator, but other factors remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 19967383
TI  - Mononuclear phagocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironments contain many immune
      cells and their secretory products. Many of these cells belong to the mononuclear
      phagocyte system. The aim of this review is to study the interactions between
      mononuclear phagocytes and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The role
      of inflammation in tumours and the cytokine interleukin-6 will be highlighted.
      Future therapy strategies in the treatment of head and neck cancer might be
      directed towards mononuclear phagocytes and their cytokine production.

PMID- 19967385
TI  - Factors impacting on the excess arseniasis prevalence due to indoor combustion of
      high arsenic coal in a hyperendemic village.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A few villages in Southwest Guizhou, China represented a unique case
      of arseniasis due to indoor combustion of high arsenic-content coal. The present
      study is aimed to analyze the contribution of possible factors or of their
      combination to excess prevalence of arseniasis in the exposed population.
      METHODS: An epidemiological investigation was conducted in all the members of
      three large ethnic, patrilineal clans in one of the hyperendemic villages (702
      residents in 178 families, including 408 Han and 294 Hmong) where farmers of
      different ethnic origin have been living together in the same village for
      generations. A multilevel model logistic regression analysis was performed.
      RESULTS: The arseniasis prevalence was found to associate with the duration of As
      indoor exposure (years of high As coal burning and of poorly ventilated
      traditional stove using) and is largely dependent on the subject's ethnicity and
      clan consanguinity, too. The prevalence of arseniasis in ethnic Han residents was
      significantly higher than that in their Hmong neighbors (35.0 vs 4.8% OR = 15.18,
      95% CI = 3.45-67.35). Notable variances of arseniasis prevalence were observed
      not only between the ethnic Han clans (G1, G3, and B) and Hmong clan P, but also
      between different lineages (G1 and G2) inside the ethnic Han clan. Smokers
      suffered more frequently from arseniasis than non-smokers (47.3 vs 15.7% OR =
      5.42, 95% CI = 2.25-12.93). CONCLUSIONS: Arseniasis prevalence in this unique
      exposure case was impacted by an array of multiple factors. Besides a long-term
      indoor exposure to As, the ethnicity or the clan consanguinity of exposed
      subjects may play an important role, too.

PMID- 19967387
TI  - Transgenic apple plants overexpressing the Lc gene of maize show an altered
      growth habit and increased resistance to apple scab and fire blight.
AB  - Transgenic apple plants (Malus x domestica cv. 'Holsteiner Cox') overexpressing
      the Leaf Colour (Lc) gene from maize (Zea mays) exhibit strongly increased
      production of anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols (catechins, proanthocyanidins).
      Greenhouse plants investigated in this study exhibit altered phenotypes with
      regard to growth habit and resistance traits. Lc-transgenic plants show reduced
      size, transversal gravitropism of lateral shoots, reduced trichome development,
      and frequently reduced shoot diameter and abnormal leaf development with fused
      leaves. Such phenotypes seem to be in accordance with a direct or an indirect
      effect on polar-auxin-transport in the transgenic plants. Furthermore, leaves
      often develop necrotic lesions resembling hypersensitive response lesions. In
      tests, higher resistance against fire blight (caused by the bacterium Erwinia
      amylovora) and against scab (caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis) is
      observed. These phenotypes are discussed with respect to the underlying altered
      physiology of the Lc-transgenic plants. The results are expected to be considered
      in apple breeding strategies.

PMID- 19967386
TI  - Endothelium-derived endothelin-1.
AB  - One year after the revelation by Dr. Furchgott in 1980 that the endothelium was
      obligatory for acetylcholine to relax isolated arteries, it was clearly shown
      that the endothelium could also promote contraction. In 1988, Dr. Yanagisawa's
      group identified endothelin-1 (ET-1) as the first endothelium-derived contracting
      factor. The circulating levels of this short (21-amino acid) peptide were quickly
      determined in humans, and it was reported that, in most cardiovascular diseases,
      circulating levels of ET-1 were increased, and ET-1 was then tagged as "a bad
      guy." The discovery of two receptor subtypes in 1990, ET(A) and ET(B), permitted
      optimization of the first dual ET-1 receptor antagonist in 1993 by Dr. Clozel's
      team, who entered clinical development with bosentan, which was offered to
      patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in 2001. The revelation of Dr.
      Furchgott opened a Pandora's box with ET-1 as one of the actors. In this brief
      review, we will discuss the physiological and pathophysiological role of
      endothelium-derived ET-1 focusing on the regulation of the vascular tone, and as
      much as possible in humans. The coronary bed will be used as a running example in
      this review because it is the most susceptible to endothelial dysfunction, but
      references to the cerebral and renal circulation will also be made. Many of the
      cardiovascular complications associated with aging and cardiovascular risk
      factors are initially attributable, at least in part, to endothelial dysfunction,
      particularly dysregulation of the vascular function associated with an imbalance
      in the close interdependence of nitric oxide and ET-1.

PMID- 19967388
TI  - Alleviation effect of alginate-derived oligosaccharides on Vicia faba root tip
      cells damaged by cadmium.
AB  - Cadmium has been shown to prevent Vicia faba growth by inhibiting cell mitosis.
      In this study we investigated the role of Alginate-derived Oligosaccharides (ADO)
      in alleviating Vicia faba root tip cells damaged by 6 and 8 mg L(-1) CdCl2.
      Micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration assay were used to determine
      mitotic index, micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberration frequency. The
      results showed that micronucleus frequency of Vicia faba root tip cells was
      inhibited under all the ADO concentrations. Especially, the inhibition ratio of
      0.125% ADO highly reached 66.11 and 67.17% in 6 and 8 mg L(-1) CdCl2,
      respectively. Furthermore, the mitotic index increased (p < 0.05) and chromosomal
      aberration frequency decreased (p < 0.05) under all the ADO concentrations. This
      indicated that ADO had a significant alleviation effect on Vicia faba root tip
      cells damaged by cadmium.

PMID- 19967389
TI  - Motor and non-motor error and the influence of error magnitude on brain activity.
AB  - It has been shown that frontal cortical areas increase their activity during
      error perception and error processing. However, it is not yet clear whether
      perception of motor errors is processed in the same frontal areas as perception
      of errors in cognitive tasks. It is also unclear whether brain activity level is
      influenced by the magnitude of error. For this purpose, we conducted a study in
      which subjects were confronted with motor and non-motor errors, and had them
      perform a sensorimotor transformation task in which they were likely to commit
      motor errors of different magnitudes (internal errors). In addition to the
      internally committed motor errors, non-motor errors (external errors) were added
      to the feedback in some trials. We found that activity in the anterior insula,
      inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), cerebellum, precuneus, and posterior medial frontal
      cortex (pMFC) correlated positively with the magnitude of external errors. The
      middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the pMFC cortex correlated positively with the
      magnitude of the total error fed back to subjects (internal plus external). No
      significant positive correlation between internal error and brain activity could
      be detected. These results indicate that motor errors have a differential effect
      on brain activity compared with non-motor errors.

PMID- 19967390
TI  - Derangement of body representation in complex regional pain syndrome: report of a
      case treated with mirror and prisms.
AB  - Perhaps the most intriguing disorders of body representation are those that are
      not due to primary disease of brain tissue. Strange and sometimes painful phantom
      limb sensations can result from loss of afference to the brain; and Complex
      Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)-the subject of the current report-can follow limb
      trauma without pathology of either the central or peripheral nervous system. This
      enigmatic and vexing condition follows relatively minor trauma, and can result in
      enduring misery and a useless limb. It manifests as severe pain, autonomic
      dysfunction, motor disability and 'neglect-like' symptoms with distorted body
      representation. For this special issue on body representation we describe the
      case of a patient suffering from CRPS, including symptoms suggesting a distorted
      representation of the affected limb. We report contrasting effects of mirror box
      therapy, as well as a new treatment-prism adaptation therapy-that provided
      sustained pain relief and reduced disability. The benefits were contingent upon
      adapting with the affected limb. Other novel observations suggest that: (1) pain
      may be a consequence, not the cause, of a disturbance of body representation that
      gives rise to the syndrome; (2) immobilisation, not pain, may precipitate this
      reorganisation of somatomotor circuits in susceptible individuals; and (3)
      limitation of voluntary movement is neither due to pain nor to weakness but,
      rather, to derangement of body representation which renders certain postures from
      the repertoire of hand movements inaccessible.

PMID- 19967392
TI  - Quantitative behavioral parameters as toxicity biomarkers: fish responses to
      waterborne cadmium.
AB  - The disruptive sublethal effects of heavy metals on behavioral parameters of fish
      as biomarkers of aquatic toxicity have been scarcely studied. We investigated the
      impact of exposure to sublethal waterborne cadmium on locomotory parameters of
      three freshwater teleosts: Cyprinus carpio as reference species, and
      Australoheros facetum (sin. Cichlasoma facetum) and Astyanax fasciatus, native to
      Pampean ecosystems in Argentina, using a noninvasive bioassay under laboratory
      conditions. Fish were successively transferred to media containing freshwater
      (control period), Cd(2+) solutions (exposure period), and freshwater (recovery
      period). The behavioral biomarkers evaluated were swimming activity and swimming
      speed of fish. The metal provoked different responses of both parameters after 4
      7 days of exposure; the reversibility of changes was also assessed. It was
      concluded that: (a) locomotion parameters are sensitive endpoints and useful
      biomarkers in behavioral studies of freshwater toxicity, (b) the applied bioassay
      could be a valuable tool in water quality monitoring, and (c) the studied species
      differed in their susceptibility to the toxicant as well as in their capacity to
      return to basal values.

PMID- 19967391
TI  - Contribution of visual and proprioceptive information to the precision of
      reaching movements.
AB  - Ren et al. (J Neurophysiol 96:1464-1477, 2006) found that saccades to visual
      targets became less accurate when somatosensory information about hand location
      was added, suggesting that saccades rely mainly on vision. We conducted two
      kinematic experiments to examine whether or not reaching movements would also
      show such strong reliance on vision. In Experiment 1, subjects used their
      dominant right hand to perform reaches, with or without a delay, to an external
      visual target or to their own left fingertip positioned either by the
      experimenter or by the participant. Unlike saccades, reaches became more accurate
      and precise when proprioceptive information was available. In Experiment 2,
      subjects reached toward external or bodily targets with differing amounts of
      visual information. Proprioception improved performance only when vision was
      limited. These results indicate that the reaching system has a better internal
      model for limb positions than does the saccade system.

PMID- 19967393
TI  - A population-based study of blood lead levels in relation to depression in the
      United States.
AB  - PURPOSE: Lead is a known neurotoxicant. Several studies have suggested that
      occupational exposure to lead may lead to depression, anxiety and other
      psychiatric illness, but few studies have examined environmental lead exposure
      and depression. We evaluated the relationship between blood lead levels (BLL) and
      depression in a sample representative of the US population. METHODS: We analyzed
      data from 4,159 adults ages >=20 who participated in the 2005-2006 cycle of the
      National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depression was
      assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Relative risks were
      calculated using Poisson regression, and odds ratios were calculated with ordinal
      logistic regression using SUDAAN, controlling for pertinent covariates. RESULTS:
      The risk of depression was only slightly elevated with increasing blood lead
      levels when lead was modeled as a categorical variable, with adjusted relative
      risks of 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-1.36), 1.20 (CI = 1.07-1.36)
      and 1.16 (CI = 0.87-1.54) for 0.89-1.40 MUg/dL, 1.41-2.17 MUg/dL and >2.17
      MUg/dL, respectively, when compared to 0-0.88 MUg/dL using Poisson regression.
      Similar results were obtained with ordinal logistic regression. Analyses using
      BLL as a continuous variable did not show a significant relationship with
      depression. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study did not provide consistent
      evidence for an association between environmental lead exposure and depression
      within the investigated blood lead levels.

PMID- 19967394
TI  - HPA and SAS responses to increasing core temperature during uncompensable
      exertional heat stress in trained and untrained males.
AB  - Increases in core temperature (T (c)) augment stress hormones and
      neurotransmitters; however, the effect of different T (c) tolerated with varying
      fitness levels during uncompensable exertional heat stress (EHS) is unclear. The
      purpose was to examine the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and
      sympathetic-adrenomedullary system (SAS) responses during uncompensable EHS in
      trained (TR) versus untrained (UT) males. Twelve TR and 11 UT (VO(2peak) = 70 +/
      2 and 50 +/- 1 mL kg of lean body mass(-1) min(-1)) walked on a treadmill to
      exhaustion (EXH) in 40 degrees C (dry), dressed in protective clothing. PRE and
      0.5 degrees C T (c) increments from 38.0-40.0 degrees C/EXH venous blood was
      obtained. Cortisol responded to absolute thermal strain, increasing throughout
      EHS and independent of fitness. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Norepinephrine, and
      Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulphate responded to relative thermal strain with similar
      EXH values, despite higher T (c) tolerated for TR (39.7 degrees C) than UT (39.0
      degrees C). Epinephrine, Growth Hormone (GH), and Aldosterone increased
      initially, with a plateau above 38.5 degrees C T (c). Findings demonstrate the
      complexity of the HPA axis, SAS, and T (c) relationship, with the stress pathways
      responding largely to relative thermal strain, although some hormones exhibited a
      clamping response likely as a protective mechanism. For the TR, evidence existed
      for a reduced pituitary sensitivity to glucocorticoids and the amplified GH may
      have contributed to their greater T (c) tolerated.

PMID- 19967395
TI  - Exercise training prevents hyperinsulinemia, muscular glycogen loss and muscle
      atrophy induced by dexamethasone treatment.
AB  - This study investigated whether exercise training could prevent the negative side
      effects of dexamethasone. Rats underwent a training period and were either
      submitted to a running protocol (60% physical capacity, 5 days/week for 8 weeks)
      or kept sedentary. After this training period, the animals underwent
      dexamethasone treatment (1 mg/kg per day, i.p., 10 days). Glycemia, insulinemia,
      muscular weight and muscular glycogen were measured from blood and skeletal
      muscle. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein was analyzed in
      skeletal muscles. Dexamethasone treatment evoked body weight loss (-24%),
      followed by muscular atrophy in the tibialis anterior (-25%) and the extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL, -15%). Dexamethasone also increased serum insulin levels
      by 5.7-fold and glucose levels by 2.5-fold compared to control. The exercise
      protocol prevented atrophy of the EDL and insulin resistance. Also, dexamethasone
      treated rats showed decreased muscular glycogen (-41%), which was further
      attenuated by the exercise protocol. The VEGF protein expression decreased in the
      skeletal muscles of dexamethasone-treated rats and was unaltered by the exercise
      protocol. These data suggest that exercise attenuates hyperglycemia and may also
      prevent insulin resistance, muscular glycogen loss and muscular atrophy, thus
      suggesting that exercise may have some benefits during glucocorticoid treatment.

PMID- 19967396
TI  - Induction of immune response to the 17 kDa OMPA Burkholderia cenocepacia
      polypeptide and protection against pulmonary infection in mice after nasal
      vaccination with an OMP nanoemulsion-based vaccine.
AB  - Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are opportunistic bacteria associated with
      life-threatening illness in persons with cystic fibrosis. Once Bcc colonization
      is established, these antimicrobial-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria are
      difficult to eradicate and are associated with increased rates of morbidity and
      mortality. At present, no vaccines are available to prevent the Bcc infection.
      There is currently a paucity of published information regarding the development
      of vaccines designed to prevent Burkholderia colonization. This work expands on
      the recent studies published by Bertot et al. [Infect Immun 75(6):2740-2752,
      2007], where successful protective immune responses were generated in mice using
      a B. multivorans OMP-based vaccine. Here, we evaluate an experimental mucosal
      vaccine against Bcc using a novel mucosal adjuvant (nanoemulsion) and a novel B.
      cenocepacia-based OMP antigen. The OMP antigen derived from B. cenocepacia was
      mixed with either nanoemulsion or with PBS and delivered intranasally to CD-1
      mice. Serum analysis showed robust IgG and mucosal secretory IgA immune responses
      in vaccinated versus control mice. The antibodies had cross-neutralizing activity
      against both B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans species. We found that immunized
      mice were protected against pulmonary colonization with B. cenocepacia. We have
      also identified that a 17 kDa OmpA-like protein highly conserved between
      Burkholderia and Ralstonia species as a new immunodominant epitope in mucosal
      immunization.

PMID- 19967397
TI  - Negotiating the early developing body: pubertal timing, body weight, and
      adolescent girls' substance use.
AB  - Despite knowledge that early pubertal timing predicts adolescent girls' substance
      use, it is still unclear whether this relationship persists beyond early
      adolescence and whether it is conditional on girls' body weight. This study
      examined the moderating role of body weight in the association between early
      pubertal timing and adolescent girls' substance use using three waves of data
      from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The analytic sample
      included 5,591 adolescent girls attending middle-schools and high-schools in the
      United States (ages 10-15, 71% White, 14% Black). Results indicated that early
      pubertal timing was associated with substance use risk but effects were
      attenuated after controlling for prior use. Body weight moderated the association
      between early pubertal timing and girls' reported number of substances tried in
      middle adolescence. Body weight magnified the risk of having tried one substance,
      but buffered the risk of having tried three substances. Among those girls who did
      use substances, body weight did not moderate the relationship between early
      pubertal timing and heavy substance use. It is concluded that the substance use
      risk associated with early pubertal timing is most salient during the
      developmental period in adolescence when sensitivity to bodily changes may be
      heightened.

PMID- 19967399
TI  - An examination of psychosocial correlates of exercise tolerance in cardiac
      rehabilitation participants.
AB  - This study explored the influence of psychosocial factors on an important
      prognostic indictor among heart patients, exercise tolerance (ET). Prior to
      attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR), 100 men and 24 women completed a survey
      assessing social support and self-efficacy for exercise in CR followed by an ET
      test (ETT) measured in metabolic equivalents (METS) 1 month later. Regression
      analyses showed that age was the strongest predictor of METS, but that income and
      the psychosocial variables also significantly impacted on METS. Overall, 50% of
      the variance in METS was explained by the predictor variables. These results show
      that psychosocial factors affect the ET of heart patients. Future research should
      examine the prognostic role of these psychosocial factors as they affect ET as
      well as their influence on behavioral mechanisms such as exercise.

PMID- 19967398
TI  - One-year follow-up of suicidal adolescents: parental history of mental health
      problems and time to post-hospitalization attempt.
AB  - This longitudinal study of recently hospitalized suicidal youth examined parental
      mental health history in addition to several indices of adolescent functioning as
      risk factors for time-to-suicide attempt over a 1-year period. Participants were
      352 adolescents (253 girls, 99 boys; ages 13-17 years) who participated in self
      report and interview assessments within 1 week of hospitalization and 6 weeks, 3,
      6, and 12 months post-hospitalization. Multivariable proportional hazards
      regression modeled time-to-suicide attempt. Results indicate that adolescents
      were almost twice as likely to make a suicide attempt if they had at least one
      biological parent with mental health problems. Risk was also increased for
      adolescents with baseline histories of multiple previous suicide attempts, more
      severe suicidal ideation and more severe functional impairment. Findings suggest
      the need to consider the family system when intervening with suicidal youth.

PMID- 19967400
TI  - Interpopulation crosses, inheritance study, and genetic variability in the brown
      planthopper complex, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae).
AB  - Studies on hybridization, inheritance, and population genetics of brown
      planthoppers that infest rice and weeds were undertaken using starch gel
      electrophoresis to determine whether the weed-infesting population represents a
      biological race or a species. F(1) and F(2) generations were produced by crosses
      between parental insects from the two populations with little indication of
      hybrid sterility. Gpi, Mdh, and Idh loci were inherited in a simple Mendelian
      fashion in families of two sympatric populations. Sixteen populations of
      Nilaparvata spp. from eight locations were collected. The Mdh, Idh, Pgm, Gpi,
      6Pgd, and Acp loci were polymorphic. The N. lugens of rice with high esterase
      activity were clustered into a group and characterized by the presence of alleles
      Gpi (110) and Gpi (120), whereas N. lugens from weeds with low esterase activity
      were clustered into another group and characterized by Gpi (100) and Gpi (90) .
      There was a lack of heterozygotes between the common alleles of the two
      populations. This means that the two groups of individuals belong to different
      gene pools.

PMID- 19967401
TI  - Transfection of myeloid leukaemia cell lines is distinctively regulated by
      fibronectin substratum.
AB  - Gene transfer into haematopoietic cells is a challenging approach. The
      extracellular matrix component fibronectin has been known to modulate the cell
      cycle dynamics, viability and differentiation of leukaemia cells. Thus, our aim
      was to investigate the influence of fibronectin substratum on the liposomal
      transfection of myeloid leukaemia cell lines. Liposomal transfection was
      performed with K562 and HL-60 as representative lines of transfection-competent
      and -incompetent myeloid leukaemia cells, respectively. Flow cytometry analyses
      were performed to determine transfection efficiency monitored by green
      fluorescent protein (GFP) expression and to assess cell viability and cell cycle
      status. Quantitation of GFP gene expression and DNA uptake was assayed by real
      time PCR. The current data showed that the adhesion to fibronectin deteriorated
      the transfection of K562 cells. In contrary, it enhanced the delivery of plasmid
      DNA into HL-60 cells. Correspondingly, the adhesion to fibronectin influenced the
      transfection efficiency mainly by modulating the intracellular presence of
      plasmid DNA. The cell cycle and viability which is regulated by fibronectin had a
      minor impact on the success of gene delivery. This phenomenon may be considered
      as an important factor which may modulate the potential gene transfer approaches
      for myeloid leukaemia.

PMID- 19967402
TI  - Suppression of human lung cancer cell growth and migration by berbamine.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of berbamine (BER), a
      naturally occurring small-molecule compound from Traditional Chinese Medicine
      (TCM) Berberis amurensis, on the growth and migration of human lung cancer A549
      cell line. This cell line is the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which
      constitutes 80% of lung cancer cases and remains an aggressive lung cancer
      associated with a poor patient survival. Our present results have shown that BER
      significantly suppressed the in vitro and ex vivo growth of A549 cells in dose-
      and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed that BER
      dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2
      and up-regulated the level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, eventually leading the
      reduction of Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio in A549 cells. In addition, BER
      significantly inhibited the A549 cell migration at the low concentrations without
      restraining the cell growth. More importantly, BER significantly enhanced the
      anticancer activity of anticancer agents such as trichostatin A (the histone
      deacetylase inhibitor) and celecoxib (the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2) by
      strongly reducing the viability and/or the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio in A549 cells.
      Our findings suggest that BER may have the wide therapeutic and/or adjuvant
      therapeutic application in the treatment of human NSCLC.

PMID- 19967403
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccination prevalence and its predictors among Asian, Pacific
      Islander, Native American, and multiracial adults in the National Health and
      Nutrition Examination Survey.
AB  - Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccination prevalence and its predictors were estimated
      among Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, and Multiracial (A-PI-NA-M)
      adults. Using 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data,
      estimates of HBV vaccination among A-PI-NA-M adults (N = 233) were compared with
      all other racial/ethnic groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to
      estimate predictors of vaccination. Among A-PI-NA-M adults 42% (95%CI 34, 50)
      were HBV immunized, higher than all other racial/ethnic groups. Some college was
      associated with a 31% (95%CI 7, 55); a college degree with a 28% (95%CI 8, 49)
      increased probability of HBV vaccination relative to less education. Each 10-year
      increase in age was associated with an 11% (95%CI -18, -4) lower probability of
      HBV vaccination. Access to medical care and immigrant status were not associated
      with vaccination. Interventions to increase HBV vaccination should target less
      educated and older A-PI-NA-M adults, as well as develop strategies so that access
      to care may increase vaccination.

PMID- 19967404
TI  - Surgical repair of genitourinary fistulae: comparison of our experience at Turkey
      and Niger.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Report of the personal experience at repairing urogenital fistulae
      comparing the etiology, management, and outcomes in a developed and
      underdeveloped countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients with
      urogenital fistulae were surgically repaired at two different countries. Twenty
      nine of those were treated in Istanbul, Turkey during last 10-year period and the
      other 24 patients were operated in Maradi, Niger in August 2007. Detailed
      information on obstetric history and previous surgical procedures were questioned
      in all of the patients. Specific evaluation included instillation of dye in the
      bladder to locate the site of the fistula and intravenous urography were applied
      to patients with suspected urogenital fistula to confirm the fistula tract. The
      site, number and the size of fistula, as well as the pliability of tissues was
      assessed before the operation. The position of patients for surgery and the route
      of repair were individualized according to the appropriate access to the
      fistulae. Patients were reviewed 4-10 weeks after surgery to determine the end
      results of the operations. RESULTS: Over all, obstetric complications (47%) were
      the most common cause of urogenital fistulae. Gynecologic surgeries were
      responsible for 41% of the cases. Although obstetric causes were prominent at
      patients in Niger, gynecological surgery was the main cause in Turkey. The most
      common type of fistulae was vesicovaginal. With regard to surgical approach to
      urogenital fistulae; the transabdominal approach was chosen in 12 (22.6%) of
      patients and transvaginal repair was performed in 41 (77.4%) of patients; 94.34%
      of the patients were completely dry after the first attempt. CONCLUSION: A high
      percentage of patients with genital fistulae can be rendered dry and continent by
      assessment of these conditions; meticulous attention must be applied for the
      absence of inflammation and infection at the fistula site before the operation.
      Surgical team must be experienced at both abdominal and vaginal repair. Broad
      spectrum antibiotics and continuous bladder drainage must be applied to all
      patients for at least 2 weeks. Interposition flaps must be used in complex cases.

PMID- 19967406
TI  - Characterization of the uterine junctional zone prior to IVF/ICSI: an
      observational study.
AB  - PURPOSE: The uterine junctional zone as documented by magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) has shown to be of significance with respect to the early process of human
      reproduction. In this study, MRI findings were related to the outcome of an
      IVF/ICSI program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 113 infertile women, the diameter of
      the anterior and posterior junctional zone (JZ) myometrium was documented by MRI
      prior to the use of ART. Each group of women was also subdivided according to the
      presence (MI/GV>0%) or absence (MI/GV=0%) of metaphase I(MI) and germinal vesicle
      (GV) oocytes. The MRI measurements were related to these and further parameters
      like expansion of the cumulus oophorus, pronuclei stages, embryo morphology and
      pregnancy rates. RESULTS: In all women with MI/GV=0%, the JZ myometrium was
      significantly enlarged (p<0.004) and the clinical pregnancy rate was
      significantly lower (p<0.025) when compared to the women with MI/GV>0%. The baby
      take home rates tended to the same results, but were not significantly different.
      No direct influence of the JZ on all other parameters could be observed.
      CONCLUSIONS: The JZ, as documented by MRI, might interfere with follicular
      function.

PMID- 19967405
TI  - GnRH analogs do not protect ovaries from chemotherapy-induced ultrastructural
      injury in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the protective effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      analogs (GnRHa) using several ultrasound and endocrine markers to detect
      ultrastructural ovarian damage in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. METHODS: Ten
      patients who had been treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma and had received GnRHa to
      protect ovarian function were matched with patients at similar age, who had
      received the same chemotherapy regimens without GnRHa. In addition, ten healthy
      women at the same age were matched to the study groups to compare ovarian
      markers. Blood samples were drawn to determine anti-Mullerian hormone, Inhibin B,
      follicle-stimulating hormone and transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed to
      determine antral follicle count and ovarian volume. All women were asked about
      their menstrual cycle pattern. RESULTS: No difference was found when comparing
      the ovarian parameters of both study groups. Compared with healthy women, all
      ovarian parameters in the Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were significantly
      different. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate ultrastructural
      ovarian damage in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients irrespective of GnRHa co-treatment.
      These findings do not support previous studies, showing GnRHa to protect ovarian
      function.

PMID- 19967407
TI  - Zinc polycarboxylate dental cement for the controlled release of an active
      organic substance: proof of concept.
AB  - The potential of employing zinc polycarboxylate dental cement as a controlled
      release material has been studied. Benzalkonium chloride was used as the active
      ingredient, and incorporated at concentrations of 1, 2 and 3% by mass within the
      cement. At these levels, there was no observable effect on the speed of setting.
      Release was followed using an ion-selective electrode to determine changes in
      chloride ion concentration with time. This technique showed that the additive was
      released when the cured cement was placed in water, with release occurring by a
      diffusion mechanism for the first 3 h, but continuing beyond that for up to 1
      week. Diffusion coefficients were in the range 5.62 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) (for 1%
      concentration) to 10.90 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) (for 3% concentration). Up to 3% of
      the total loading of benzalkonium chloride was released from the zinc
      polycarboxylate after a week, which is similar to that found in previous studies
      with glass-ionomer cement. It is concluded that zinc polycarboxylate cement is
      capable of acting as a useful material for the controlled release of active
      organic compounds.

PMID- 19967408
TI  - Cancer-related communication, relationship intimacy, and psychological distress
      among couples coping with localized prostate cancer.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated intimacy as a mechanism for the effects
      of relationship-enhancing (self-disclosure, mutual constructive communication)
      and relationship-compromising communication (holding back, mutual avoidance, and
      demand-withdraw communication) on couples' psychological distress. METHODS:
      Seventy-five men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer in the past year and
      their partners completed surveys about communication, intimacy, and distress.
      RESULTS: Multi-level models with the couple as unit of analyses indicated that
      the association between mutual constructive communication, mutual avoidance, and
      patient demand-partner withdraw and distress could be accounted for by their
      influence on relationship intimacy. Intimacy did not mediate associations between
      self-disclosure, holding back, and partner demand-patient withdraw communication
      and distress. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the way in
      which couples talk about cancer-related concerns as well as the degree to which
      one or both partners avoid talking about cancer-related concerns can either
      facilitate or reduce relationship intimacy, and that it is largely by this
      mechanism that these three communication strategies impact psychological
      distress. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Relationship intimacy and how
      patients and partners communicate to achieve this intimacy is important for the
      psychological adjustment of early stage prostate cancer survivors and their
      partners.

PMID- 19967409
TI  - Development of a health-related website for parents of children receiving
      hematopoietic stem cell transplant: HSCT-CHESS.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Parents of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) play
      a pivotal role in the care of their child during and after transplant. In
      addition to the child's comforter, parents also serve as care coordinators and
      conduits of communication between various health care providers, family and
      community members. The stress on the parent and family is enormous during this
      process, which for many is compounded by geographic dislocation to accompany
      their child during the rigorous treatment and recovery process. For many parents,
      their own recovery spans months to years. METHODS: Parental activation, a process
      of becoming informed to participate in decisions, collaborate with health care
      providers, and manage care provided the conceptual framework to develop an
      eHealth approach for this population. HSCT-CHESS was developed, based on previous
      success with an existing eHealth system of integrated services, the Comprehensive
      Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS). CHESS(TM) is designed to help
      individuals and families cope with a health crisis or medical concern. The
      iterative user-centered development process for HSCT-CHESS included parents of
      HSCT recipients, representatives from an HSCT Advocacy Group, and members of the
      clinical, research, development and design teams. This rigorous process,
      including online focus groups and surveys, utilization of a parental user group,
      and an editorial and development process are described. CONCLUSION: As the
      population of cancer survivors and caregivers increase and as the oncology
      workforce becomes more stretched; developing eHealth applications may be an
      approach to address many of caregivers unmet needs. The purpose in describing
      this process is to help others when considering such an endeavor. HSCT-CHESS is
      now being tested in a randomized controlled trial versus standard care to
      evaluate its impact on the quality of life of both the parent and child HSCT
      recipient.

PMID- 19967410
TI  - Measuring the impact of cancer: a comparison of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and breast
      cancer survivors.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Self-report instruments such as the Impact of Cancer (IOC) are
      designed to measure quality of life (QOL) impacts that cancer survivors attribute
      to their cancer experience. Generalizability of QOL findings across distinct
      diagnostic categories of survivors is untested. We compare measurement of the
      impact of cancer using the IOC instrument in breast cancer (BC) survivors (n =
      1,188) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors (n = 652). METHODS: A registry
      based sample of NHL survivors completed the IOC questionnaire and the FACT-G,
      FACT-LYM, Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) SF-36, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
      Checklist-Civilian Version, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and MOS Social
      Support scales. IOC responses of the NHL survivors were subjected to de novo
      scaling to identify impact domains for comparison to IOC version 2 (IOCv2)
      domains, which were previously developed based on BC survivor responses.
      Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the IOCv2 scales with the other
      measures. IOCv2 scores were compared between the BC and NHL survivor samples.
      RESULTS: The BC and NHL survivors exhibited similar impact domains and had factor
      structures that were largely congruent. The concurrent validity analysis revealed
      patterns of association that supported the interpretation and validity of the
      IOCv2 scales. Differences in IOCv2 scores between the BC and NHL groups suggested
      differential impacts in distinct survivor groups that could be detected using the
      IOCv2. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the IOCv2 measures common and
      important survivor concerns and support its generalizability to the broader long
      term cancer survivor population. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Instruments
      such as the IOCv2 can provide valid assessment of QOL impacts in long-term cancer
      survivors, facilitating the characterization of these impacts and development of
      appropriate interventions.

PMID- 19967411
TI  - The role of occupational upper extremity use in breast cancer related upper
      extremity lymphedema.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Upper extremity (UE) use has been related to breast cancer-related
      lymph edema (BCRL). Our aim was to evaluate severity of BCRL in different
      occupation groups, according to upper extremity use. METHODS: Fifty-five women
      with BCRL were recruited. Group-1 (n = 21), with a mean age of 59, included
      patients who worked continuously <30 min at a time and <or=8 h per day. Group-2
      (n = 15), with a mean age of 54, were patients who worked continuously between 30
      to 60 min at a time, and <or=8 h per day. Group-3 (n = 19), who had a mean age of
      51, included patients who were working continuously for >1 h and >8 h per day.
      RESULTS: The age, operation type, infection occurrence, radiotherapy status, and
      the operation on the side of the dominant hand were not statistically different
      between the groups. The stage and grade of the BCRL in group-3 were higher than
      the other groups (both p < 0.001). The restriction of shoulder movements on the
      operation side (p = 0.04) and shoulder physiotherapy need (p < 0.001) were the
      highest in group-3. Arm pain (p = 0.004) and pain medicine needs (p = 0.028) in
      group-1 were lower than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Group-3 had the worst BCRL
      clinical stage and grade status and other breast cancer treatment related
      morbities. Occupations that require greater use of the upper extremities. At
      present there is a need for closer monitoring of patients with more severe BCRL.
      Potential exacerbating and maintaining factors of functional limitations and pain
      need to considered so that clinical management addresses these in relation to
      daily use of the affected UE.

PMID- 19967413
TI  - Nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: Nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the rarest malignant
      diseases and only nine cases have been reported during the last 23 years. We
      present a case of nonfunctioning PTC and review the literature in an effort to
      provide a better understanding of this rare disorder. METHODS: One patient with
      nonfunctioning PTC was presented, detailing the clinical features, histologic
      findings, diagnosis, and treatment. Together with data from the other nine cases
      reported last 23 years, the related literature is also reviewed. RESULTS: The
      presented case was a 47-year-old man with a 2-month history of an enlarging
      painless cervical mass followed by a 2-week history of hoarseness. Clinical and
      laboratory evaluations failed to reveal evidence of hyperparathyroidism.
      Pathological analysis of the resected tumor disclosed findings consistent with
      PTC. The nonsecretory state of the tumor was further supported by
      immunoreactivity for parathyroid hormone in tissue, and normal serum levels of
      this peptide and calcium preoperatively and postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Most
      nonfunctional PTC is detected late due to a paucity of symptoms, of which a
      palpable neck mass is the most common. Patients with nonfunctioning PTC appear to
      have a poorer prognosis than do those with functioning parathyroid cancers.

PMID- 19967412
TI  - Transgenic Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia. Aggregation
      of the amyloid-beta42 peptide (Abeta42) and tau proteins are pathological
      hallmarks in AD brains. Accumulating evidence suggests that Abeta42 plays a
      central role in the pathogenesis of AD, and tau acts downstream of Abeta42 as a
      modulator of the disease progression. Tau pathology is also observed in
      frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) and
      other related diseases, so called tauopathies. Although most cases are sporadic,
      genes associated with familial AD and FTDP-17 have been identified, which led to
      the development of transgenic animal models. Drosophila has been a powerful
      genetic model system used in many fields of biology, and recently emerges as a
      model for human neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize key
      features of transgenic Drosophila models of AD and tauopathies and a number of
      insights into disease mechanisms as well as therapeutic implications gained from
      these models.

PMID- 19967414
TI  - Increased H2O2 level in exhaled breath condensate in primary breast cancer
      patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess exhaled hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)),
      blood serum antioxidant capacity, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in
      primary breast cancer (PBC). METHODS: The study included 34 consecutive, non
      smoking PBC patients (aged 62.5 +/- 13.5 at surgery) prior to the treatments,
      qualified for modified radical mastectomy and not undergoing any adjuvant
      systemic therapy, and 33 healthy controls. The post surgery pathological
      assessment included tissue expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR)
      receptors, and epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER-2/neu). Exhaled
      H(2)O(2) was determined fluorometrically in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC).
      Blood serum antioxidant capacity and TNFalpha levels were assessed with ferric
      reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and ELISA immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS:
      In PBC patients, 10 ER, 11 PR, and 9 HER-2/neu positive tumors were identified
      and HER-2/neu score was 2+ in 20% of all tumors. Median (Me) H(2)O(2) was
      increased up to 0.44 microM (interquartile range IR: 0.20-1.25 microM) compared
      with healthy control of 0.36 microM (IR: 0.12-0.48 microM; p < 0.05). The
      H(2)O(2) concentration in EBC was significantly correlated (tau = 0.27; p = 0.03)
      and increased in cases with nodal metastases (n = 12; p = 0.04). Serum TNFalpha
      was increased up to 51.7 +/- 21.0 pg/ml compared with controls 17.2 +/- 3.65
      pg/ml (p < 0.05). FRAP was increased to 1.41 +/- 0.37 mM Fe(2+) compared with
      control 1.19 +/- 0.17 mM Fe(2+); (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first
      study to demonstrate increased H(2)O(2) in exhaled breath condensate in patients
      with localized breast malignancy and its relation with clinical severity.

PMID- 19967416
TI  - Combined effects of precipitation and nitrogen deposition on native and invasive
      winter annual production in California deserts.
AB  - Primary production in deserts is limited by soil moisture and N availability, and
      thus is likely to be influenced by both anthropogenic N deposition and
      precipitation regimes altered as a consequence of climate change. Invasive annual
      grasses are particularly responsive to increases in N and water availabilities,
      which may result in competition with native forb communities. Additionally,
      conditions favoring increased invasive grass production in arid and semi-arid
      regions can increase fire risk, negatively impacting woody vegetation that is not
      adapted to fire. We conducted a seeded garden experiment and a 5-year field
      fertilization experiment to investigate how winter annual production is altered
      by increasing N supply under a range of water availabilities. The greatest
      production of invasive grasses and native forbs in the garden experiment occurred
      under the highest soil N (inorganic N after fertilization = 2.99 g m(-2)) and
      highest watering regime, indicating these species are limited by both water and
      N. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis on the multi-year field
      fertilization study showed that winter annual biomass was primarily limited by
      November-December precipitation. Biomass exceeded the threshold capable of
      carrying fire when inorganic soil N availability was at least 3.2 g m(-2) in
      pinon-juniper woodland. Due to water limitation in creosote bush scrub, biomass
      exceeded the fire threshold only under very wet conditions regardless of soil N
      status. The CART analyses also revealed that percent cover of invasive grasses
      and native forbs is primarily dependent on the timing and amount of precipitation
      and secondarily dependent on soil N and site-specific characteristics. In total,
      our results indicate that areas of high N deposition will be susceptible to grass
      invasion, particularly in wet years, potentially reducing native species cover
      and increasing the risk of fire.

PMID- 19967417
TI  - Drought survival and reproduction impose contrasting selection pressures on
      maximum body size and sexual size dimorphism in a snake, Seminatrix pygaea.
AB  - The causes and consequences of body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) have
      been central questions in evolutionary ecology. Two, often opposing selective
      forces are suspected to act on body size in animals: survival selection and
      reproductive (fecundity and sexual) selection. We have recently identified a
      system where a small aquatic snake species (Seminatrix pygaea) is capable of
      surviving severe droughts by aestivating within dried, isolated wetlands. We
      tested the hypothesis that the lack of aquatic prey during severe droughts would
      impose significant survivorship pressures on S. pygaea, and that the largest
      individuals, particularly females, would be most adversely affected by resource
      limitation. Our findings suggest that both sexes experience selection against
      large body size during severe drought when prey resources are limited, as nearly
      all S. pygaea are absent from the largest size classes and maximum body size and
      SSD are dramatically reduced following drought. Conversely, strong positive
      correlations between maternal body size and reproductive success in S. pygaea
      suggest that females experience fecundity selection for large size during non
      drought years. Collectively, our study emphasizes the dynamic interplay between
      selection pressures that act on body size and supports theoretical predictions
      about the relationship between body size and survivorship in ectotherms under
      conditions of resource limitation.

PMID- 19967420
TI  - Intramuscular adaptations to eccentric exercise and antioxidant supplementation.
AB  - Prophylactic supplementation of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and epigallocatechin
      gallate (EGCG) was studied for physiological and cellular changes in skeletal
      muscle after eccentric muscle contractions. Thirty healthy, active males (20.0 +/
      1.8 years, 160 +/- 7.1 cm, 76.1 +/- 17.0 kg) ingested for 14 days either 1,800
      mg of NAC, 1,800 mg of EGCG, or 1,000 mg of fiber (glucomannan) placebo (PLC) in
      a double blind, prophylactic fashion. Subjects completed one eccentric exercise
      bout (100 repetitions at 30 degrees /s) using the dominant knee extensors.
      Strength and soreness were assessed, and blood and muscle samples obtained before
      and 6, 24, 48, and 72 h with no muscle sample being collected at 72 h. Separate
      mixed factorial repeated measures ANOVA (P < 0.05) were used for all statistical
      analysis. All groups experienced significantly reduced peak torque production
      after 6 and 24 h, increased soreness at all time points from baseline [with even
      greater soreness levels 24 h after exercise in PLC when compared to EGCG and NAC
      (P < 0.05)], increased lactate dehydrogenase at 6 h, and increased creatine
      kinase 6, 24 and 48 h after exercise. No significant group x time interaction
      effects were found for serum cortisol, neutrophil counts, and the
      neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio; although, all values experienced significant changes
      6 h after exercise (P < 0.05), but at no other time points. At 48 h after the
      exercise bout the Neu:Lym ratio in EGCG was significantly less than NAC (P <
      0.05), whereas there was a trend (P = 0.08) for the EGCG values to be less when
      compared to PLC at this time point. Markers of intramuscular mitochondrial and
      cytosolic apoptosis were assessed (e.g., bax, bcl-2, cytochrome C, caspase-3
      content/enzyme activity, and total DNA content). Significant increases (P < 0.05)
      in muscle levels of bax and bcl-2 were observed in all groups with no significant
      differences between groups, whereas no changes (P > 0.05) were reported for
      cytochrome C, caspase-3 content, caspase-3 enzyme activity, and total DNA.
      Caspase-3 enzyme activity was significantly greater in all groups 48 h after
      exercise when compared to baseline (P < 0.05) and 6 h (P < 0.05) after exercise.
      An eccentric bout of muscle contractions appears to significantly increase muscle
      damage, markers of mitochondrial apoptosis, apoptotic enzyme activity, and whole
      blood cell markers of inflammation with no changes in oxidative stress. While
      soreness ratings were blunted in the two supplementation groups 24 h after
      exercise when compared to PLC values, more research is needed to determine the
      potential impact of EGCG and NAC supplementation on changes related to oxidative
      stress, apoptosis, and eccentric exercise.

PMID- 19967419
TI  - Mimetics of the disulfide bridge between the N- and C-terminal cysteines of the
      KLK3-stimulating peptide B-2.
AB  - Human prostate produces kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3, also known as
      prostate specific antigen), which is widely used as a prostate cancer marker.
      Proteolytically active KLK3 has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and its
      expression decreases in poorly differentiated tumors. Thus, it may be possible to
      control prostate cancer growth with agents that stimulate the proteolytic
      activity of KLK3. We have earlier developed synthetic peptides, which bind
      specifically to KLK3 and promote its proteolytic activity. These peptides are
      cyclic, all containing a disulfide bridge between the N- and C-terminal
      cysteines. To increase the in vivo stability of the KLK3-stimulating peptide B-2,
      we made differently cyclized analogues by replacing both terminal cysteines and
      the disulfide bridge between them. A replacement consisting of gamma-amino
      butyric acid and aspartic acid, where the amino group from the former was linked
      to the main chain carboxyl group of the latter, was found to be, at high
      concentrations, more active than the B-2 peptide. Furthermore, as compared to the
      parent peptide, this analog had an improved stability in plasma and against the
      enzymatic degradation by KLK3. In addition, the series of analogues also provided
      valuable information of the structure-activity relationships of the B-2 peptide.

PMID- 19967418
TI  - Pathology of non-Helicobacter pylori gastritis: extending the histopathologic
      horizons.
AB  - The development of modern endoscopic techniques, easier and greater access to
      healthcare, and interest in Helicobacter pylori infection and its implications
      have all led to a significant increase in upper endoscopies. In turn,
      gastroenterologists and pathologists have been recognizing an ever-increasing
      number of patterns of mucosal injury. Consequently, there is now an interest in a
      wider aspect of non-neoplastic gastric pathology, namely, non-HP (H. pylori)
      gastritis. In this review, we present major clinico-pathological entities, based
      on either the salient morphological features or the underlying etiologies.

PMID- 19967421
TI  - Insertion of heterometals into the NifEN-associated iron-molybdenum cofactor
      precursor.
AB  - The cofactors of Mo-, V-, Fe-dependent nitrogenases are believed to be highly
      homologous in structure despite the different types of heterometals (Mo, V, and
      Fe) they contain. Previously, a precursor form of the FeMo cofactor (FeMoco) was
      captured on NifEN, a scaffold protein for FeMoco biosynthesis. This all-Fe
      precursor closely resembles the Fe/S core structure of the FeMoco and, therefore,
      could reasonably serve as a precursor for all nitrogenase cofactors. Here, we
      report the heterologous incorporation of V and Fe into the NifEN-associated
      FeMoco precursor. EPR and activity analyses indicate that V and Fe can be
      inserted at much reduced efficiencies compared with Mo, and incorporation of both
      V and Fe is enhanced in the presence of homocitrate. Further, native
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments suggest that NifEN undergoes a
      significant conformational rearrangement upon metal insertion, which allows the
      subsequent NifEN-MoFe protein interactions and the transfer of the cofactor
      between the two proteins. The combined outcome of these in vitro studies leads to
      the proposal of a selective mechanism that is utilized in vivo to maintain the
      specificity of heterometals in nitrogenase cofactors, which is likely
      accomplished through the redox regulation of metal mobilization by different Fe
      proteins (encoded by nifH, vnfH, and anfH, respectively), as well as the
      differential interactions between these Fe proteins and their respective scaffold
      proteins (NifEN and VnfEN) in the Mo-, V-, and Fe-dependent nitrogenase systems.

PMID- 19967422
TI  - Targeted immobilisation of lysozyme in the enamel pellicle from different
      solutions.
AB  - Mouthwashes containing protective enzymes are required especially for patients
      suffering from xerostomia. The present study aimed to investigate the
      possibilities of modulating the immobilisation of lysozyme in the in situ
      pellicle layer. In situ formed pellicles were incubated in vitro for 10 min with
      various enzymatic buffer solutions containing lysozyme and additive enzymes such
      as transglutaminase or trypsin as well as polyphenolic compounds (cistus tea).
      After the rinses, the pellicle samples were incubated in collected whole saliva
      or in desorption solutions for 0, 20 and 40 min and the enzyme activities were
      measured. Furthermore, accumulation of lysozyme in the pellicle was visualised in
      ultrathin sections of the pellicle using the gold immunolabelling technique and
      transmission electron microscopy. Hen egg white lysozyme was accumulated in the
      in situ pellicle tenaciously. Up to 2.8-fold higher activities than in controls
      were observed. The addition of transglutaminase did not enhance the
      immobilisation of lysozyme activity, whereas the polyphenolic compound had no
      adverse effect. Accumulation of lysozyme in the acquired pellicle was confirmed
      by gold immunolabelling. Targeted and tenacious immobilisation of lysozyme in the
      acquired pellicle is possible. Poylphenolic compounds might be a relevant
      additive for mouthwashes containing lysozyme.

PMID- 19967424
TI  - Mizoribine reduces serum KL-6 levels in ANCA-associated vasculitis.

PMID- 19967423
TI  - Intravenously administered darbepoetin alfa once a week could maintain hemoglobin
      level more efficiently than once every 2 weeks in patients on hemodialysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Darbepoetin alfa, which has a much longer half-life than recombinant
      human erythropoietin, is used to treat renal anemia. However, there are few
      reports investigating the efficacy of darbepoetin alfa administered every 2 weeks
      (Q2W). METHODS: We performed the single-center, prospective, and randomized study
      in chronic hemodialysis patients. Clinically stable patients on hemodialysis were
      recruited, and darbepoetin alfa 15-40 microg/week was administered intravenously
      once a week (QW) to achieve a hemoglobin (Hb) level of 10.5-12.0 g/dl for 8 weeks
      prior to randomization. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 different dosing
      frequency groups: once a week (QW) or every 2 weeks (Q2W). We switched to a
      double dose in the Q2W group. We measured Hb level every 2 weeks and administered
      darbepoetin alfa to achieve an Hb level of 10.5-11.5 g/dl. The primary endpoints
      were the weekly dose of darbepoetin alfa administered at week 24. RESULTS: We
      assigned 19 and 20 patients into QW and Q2W, respectively. There were no
      significant differences between the groups in Hb, transferrin saturation,
      ferritin, and weekly dose of darbepoetin alfa at end of the baseline period.
      There was no significant difference in Hb level at week 24, at which time the
      weekly dose requirement and dose per dry body weight were much higher in the Q2W
      than in the QW group. CONCLUSION: Administration of darbepoetin alfa Q2W could
      maintain Hb level similarly to to that obtained QW, but we did not confirm
      efficiency at a higher dose requirement or blood pressure elevation.

PMID- 19967425
TI  - Cost effectiveness of palivizumab in Spain: an analysis using observational data.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost effectiveness of palivizumab for prevention of
      severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infants in Spain,
      incorporating country-specific observational hospitalisation data. METHODS: An
      existing decision tree model, designed using data from a large international
      clinical trial of palivizumab versus no prophylaxis, was updated to include
      Spanish observational hospitalisation data. The analysis was performed for
      preterm children born at or before 32 weeks gestational age, who are at high risk
      of developing severe RSV disease requiring hospitalisation. Data sources included
      published literature, official price/tariff lists and national population
      statistics. The primary perspective of the study was that of the Spanish National
      Health Service in 2006. RESULTS: The base-case analysis included the direct
      medical costs associated with palivizumab prophylaxis and hospital care for RSV
      infections. Use of palivizumab produces an undiscounted incremental cost
      effectiveness ratio (ICER) of euro6,142 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY),
      and a discounted ICER of euro12,814/QALY. CONCLUSION: Palivizumab provides a cost
      effective method of prophylaxis against severe RSV disease requiring
      hospitalisation among preterm infants in Spain.

PMID- 19967426
TI  - Cost-effectiveness analysis of rituximab treatment in patients in Germany with
      rheumatoid arthritis after etanercept-failure.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The present health economic analysis investigated the cost
      effectiveness-ratios of either (1) rituximab or (2) an alternative TNF-alpha
      inhibiting agent as second line biological treatment in patients with active
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to etanercept therapy.
      METHODS: Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained by
      rituximab treatment of RA is compared to TNF-inhibitor change (standard sequence)
      in a Markov-model (perspective: health care payer, full life-time approach).
      Direct cost components taken into account were treatment costs (medication-,
      administration- and monitoring costs) and resource utilisation (outpatient costs,
      inpatient costs). Indirect costs were estimated separately by the assessment of
      impaired work capacity due to RA (2008 Euro currency, discount rate 3.5%).
      Utility measures for the different treatment options were obtained from the ACR
      response rates of published pivotal clinical trials. RESULTS: Direct costs amount
      to euro 178,373 (standard sequence) and euro 192,295 (rituximab sequence),
      respectively, rendering incremental direct costs of euro 13,922. Incremental
      utilities yield 0.57 QALYs and the incremental cost-effectiveness-ratio (ICER) of
      rituximab compared to the standard sequence amounts to euro 24,517. Inclusion of
      indirect costs leads to less incremental costs and a lower ICER of euro
      15,565/QALY. Thus, ICERs stay beneath the accepted threshold of euro 50,000/QALY.
      CONCLUSION: Rituximab appears to be a cost-effective treatment alternative
      compared to the switch between TNF-inhibitors as second line biological treatment
      in patients with active RA having failed etanercept.

PMID- 19967427
TI  - The role of neutrophils and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma of the
      bladder.
AB  - Intravesical Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is
      a highly effective treatment for carcinoma in situ of the bladder, as well as
      high-risk nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Despite over 30
      years of clinical experience with BCG, the therapy's mechanism has remained
      enigmatic. Observations regarding the role of neutrophils in BCG immunotherapy
      have led to exciting discoveries regarding the potential role of tumor necrosis
      factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in creating the therapeutic
      benefit of BCG immunotherapy. In this paper, we will review the scope of the
      disease, highlight our understanding of the role for BCG in urothelial carcinoma
      of the bladder, explain the recent discoveries regarding the role of neutrophils
      and TRAIL in therapy, and theorize on potential future areas of research.

PMID- 19967428
TI  - Thinking big: large-scale collaborative research in observational epidemiology.
AB  - Efforts to identify risk factors for chronic diseases have tended to involve
      observational studies characterised by relatively few disease outcomes. In the
      absence of individual studies of sufficiently large size, synthesis of available
      evidence from multiple smaller studies can help enhance statistical power and aid
      appropriate interpretation. While meta-analyses of published findings can help
      prioritize research hypotheses, they are inherently limited by the scale of the
      evidence available for review and by vulnerability to potential reporting biases.
      By contrast, collaborative analyses of individual participant data from a
      comprehensive set of relevant epidemiological studies can offer several
      advantages over moderately sized individual studies or meta-analyses of
      aggregated data. This review describes those advantages with reference to
      selected examples.

PMID- 19967429
TI  - Variable selection: current practice in epidemiological studies.
AB  - Selection of covariates is among the most controversial and difficult tasks in
      epidemiologic analysis. Correct variable selection addresses the problem of
      confounding in etiologic research and allows unbiased estimation of probabilities
      in prognostic studies. The aim of this commentary is to assess how often
      different variable selection techniques were applied in contemporary
      epidemiologic analysis. It was of particular interest to see whether modern
      methods such as shrinkage or penalized regression were used in recent
      publications. Stepwise selection methods remained the predominant method for
      variable selection in publications in epidemiological journals in 2008. Shrinkage
      methods were not used in any of the reviewed articles. Editors, reviewers and
      authors have insufficiently promoted the new, less controversial approaches of
      variable selection in the biomedical literature, whereas statisticians may not
      have adequately addressed the method's feasibility.

PMID- 19967431
TI  - The dynamics of cardiovascular epidemiology.

PMID- 19967432
TI  - Densification, phase stability and in vitro biocompatibility property of
      hydroxyapatite-10 wt% silver composites.
AB  - In this paper, we demonstrate how a simple fabrication route, i.e., pressureless
      sintering of mechanically mixed powders can be employed to develop hydroxyapatite
      (HAp, Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2))-silver (Ag) bioceramic composites with superior
      combination of physical (hardness, toughness), non-cytotoxicity, cytocompatiblity
      and anti-microbial property. The densification results show that such composites
      can be sintered at 1200 degrees C for 2 h near to theoretical density (>98%
      rho(th).) An important observation is that the dissociation of HAp phase can be
      prevented during sintering up to 1300 degrees C for 2 h in HAp-10 wt% Ag
      composites. The stability of HAp in presence of silver is discussed in reference
      to the results obtained using XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The hardness
      values of the composites are comparable (approximately 6.5 GPa) to that of pure
      HAp, despite of the presence of softer Ag particles. The sintered composites
      exhibit modest crack growth resistance property and their toughness varies in the
      range of 0.9-1.2 MPa m(0.5), depending on sintering temperature. For selected
      samples, the in vitro characterization was performed using mouse fibroblast
      (L929) and human osteosarcoma (MG63) cell lines. The combination of biochemical
      assays (MTT, ALP and osteocalcin) confirm that HAp-10 wt% Ag biocomposites have
      comparable or even better cellular viability, osteogenic differentiation and bone
      mineralization as well as osteoinduction property. Antibacterial experiments
      involving gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli confirm excellent bactericidal
      property of HAp-10 wt% Ag composites, sintered using mechanically mixed powders.

PMID- 19967433
TI  - Sample size/power calculations for repeated ordinal measurements in population
      pharmacodynamic experiments.
AB  - Population pharmacodynamic experiments sometime involve repeated measurements of
      ordinal random variables at specific time points. Such longitudinal data presents
      a challenge during modelling due to correlation between measurements within an
      individual and often mixed-effects modelling approach may be used for the
      analysis. It is important that these studies are adequately powered by including
      an adequate number of subjects in order to detect a significant treatment effect.
      This paper describes a method for calculating sample size for repeated ordinal
      measurements in population pharmacodynamic experiments based on analysis by a
      mixed-effects modelling approach. The Wald test is used for testing the
      significance of treatment effects. This method is fast, simple and efficient. It
      can also be extended to account for differential allocation of subjects to the
      groups and unbalanced sampling designs between and within groups. The results
      obtained from two simulation studies using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling
      software (NONMEM) showed good agreement between the power obtained from
      simulation and nominal power used for sample size calculations.

PMID- 19967434
TI  - Practices of looking and the medical humanities: imagining the unborn in France,
      1550-1800.
AB  - Visuality is a concept used to study vision as an historically and culturally
      specific activity. Curriculum in the medical humanities could address visuality
      by stressing how different kinds of practitioners and peoples learn how to see.
      This paper introduces the visual training promoted by the discipline of art
      history, analysing early modern French medical images of the unborn as a case
      study. The goal is to encourage medical practitioners to reflect on their own
      visual skills, comparing and contrasting them with the visual methodologies of
      art history.

PMID- 19967435
TI  - Post-soviet placebos: epistemology and authority in Russian treatments for
      alcoholism.
AB  - The dominant modalities of treatment for alcoholism in Russia are suggestion
      based methods developed by narcology-the subspecialty of Russian psychiatry which
      deals with addiction. A particularly popular method is the use of disulfiram-an
      alcohol antagonist-for which narcologists commonly substitute neutral substances.
      Drawing on 14 months of fieldwork at narcological clinics in St. Petersburg, this
      article examines the epistemological and institutional conditions which
      facilitate this practice of "placebo therapy." I argue that narcologists' embrace
      of such treatments has been shaped by a clinical style of reasoning specific to a
      Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry, itself the product of contested Soviet
      politics over the knowledge of the mind and brain. This style of reasoning has
      facilitated narcologists' understanding of disulfiram as a behavioral, rather
      than a pharmacological, treatment and has disposed them to amplify patients'
      responses through attention to the performative aspects of the clinical encounter
      and through management of the treatment's broader reputation as an effective
      therapy. Moreover, such therapies have generally depended upon, and helped to
      reinforce, clinical encounters premised on a steeply hierarchical physician
      patient relationship.

PMID- 19967436
TI  - The role of dopamine oxidation in mitochondrial dysfunction: implications for
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The etiology of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown, although
      mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the
      mechanisms associated with PD pathogenesis. Dopamine (DA) neurons of the
      substantia nigra pars compacta have been shown to degenerate to a greater extent
      in PD than other neurons suggesting the possibility that DA itself may be
      contributing to the neurodegenerative process. This review discusses our work on
      the effects of DA oxidation and reactive DA quinones on mitochondrial function
      and protein modification and the potential for exacerbating toxicity associated
      with mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.

PMID- 19967437
TI  - Mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse models of Parkinson's disease revealed by
      transcriptomics and proteomics.
AB  - It has been long thought that neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) is
      related to reactive oxygen species from mitochondrial dysfunction. However, there
      have been few investigations surveying both transcriptome and proteome in PD.
      This review focuses on recent work using microarrays and mass spectrometry to
      examine neurotoxicological models of PD in the mouse. Molecular pathways involved
      in oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, apoptosis/cell death, signal
      transduction and neurotransmission were highlighted. Analysis of tyrosine
      nitration suggested that this important post-translational modification, due to
      conjugation of reactive oxygen species with nitric oxide, may play an important
      role in signal transduction as well as the molecular pathology of PD. Thus, the
      combined investigations highlight known pathways in PD but also point to new
      directions for research, implicating particularly the role of relatively
      understudied classes of post-translational modifications in normal cell signaling
      and neurological disorders.

PMID- 19967439
TI  - Influence of neuregulin1 genotype on neural substrate of perceptual matching in
      children.
AB  - Adult psychopathology is often rooted early in life and first emerges during
      childhood and adolescence. However, as most imaging genetic research to date has
      involved adult participants, little is known about how risk genes affect brain
      function to influence biological vulnerability in childhood. We examined the
      impact of neuregulin1 (NRG1), a probable susceptibility gene for schizophrenia
      and bipolar disorder, on brain function in a sample of 102 healthy 10-12 year old
      boys including 18 pairs of monozygotic twins, 24 pairs of dizygotic twins and 18
      singletons. Each participant performed a perceptual matching task, while brain
      responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Response
      accuracy and reaction times did not differ as a function of NRG1 genotype;
      however, individuals with two high-risk alleles showed relatively increased brain
      activation in a distributed network comprising the precuneus bilaterally, and the
      left cuneus, middle occipital gyrus, angular gyrus and caudate nucleus. These
      results indicate that genetic variation in NRG1 significantly affects cortical
      function during perceptual and monitoring processes in healthy children as young
      as 10-12 years of age.

PMID- 19967438
TI  - The PINK1/Parkin pathway: a mitochondrial quality control system?
AB  - Significant insight into the mechanisms that contribute to dopaminergic
      neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease has been gained from the analysis of genes
      linked to rare heritable forms of parkinsonism such as PINK1 and parkin, loss-of
      function mutations of which cause autosomal recessive parkinsonism. PINK1 encodes
      a mitochondrially targeted Ser/Thr kinase and parkin encodes a ubiquitin-protein
      ligase. Functional studies of PINK1 and Parkin in animal and cellular model
      systems have shown that both proteins play important roles in maintaining
      mitochondrial integrity. Genetic studies of PINK1 and Parkin orthologs in flies
      have shown that PINK1 acts upstream from Parkin in a common pathway that appears
      to regulate mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondrial morphology is regulated by
      mitochondrial fission and fusion-promoting proteins, and is important in a
      variety of contexts, including mitochondrial trafficking and mitochondrial
      quality control. In particular, mitochondrial fission appears to promote the
      segregation of terminally dysfunctional mitochondria for degradation in the
      lysosome through a process termed mitophagy. Recent work has shown that Parkin
      promotes the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria in vertebrate cell
      culture. Here we postulate a model whereby the PINK1/Parkin pathway regulates
      mitochondrial dynamics in an effort to promote the turnover of damaged
      mitochondria.

PMID- 19967440
TI  - Alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors and outcomes in China: a literature review.
AB  - This review systematically examines the empirical evidence regarding the
      association between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors and outcomes among the
      Chinese population in mainland, China. Articles published in English (n = 11) and
      in Chinese (n = 7) from 1980 to 2008 documented consistent associations between
      alcohol use and several sexual risk behaviors, sexual coercion, sexual violence,
      and HIV/STIs across both the general population and high-risk groups, except for
      men having sex with men. This review suggests that alcohol use is associated with
      diverse sexual risk behaviors and outcomes across a variety of social groups in
      China, consistent with the evidence from the Western countries and Sub-Saharan
      Africa. Alcohol use is an important but under-researched correlate of sexual risk
      behaviors and outcomes in China. This review indicates the importance of research
      assessing alcohol use among both genders and with standardized measures, and
      suggests the importance of integrating alcohol use control in sexual risk
      reduction and prevention efforts in China.

PMID- 19967441
TI  - Systematic cultural adaptation of cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce alcohol
      use among HIV-infected outpatients in western Kenya.
AB  - Two-thirds of those with HIV worldwide live in sub-Saharan Africa. Alcohol use is
      associated with the HIV epidemic through risky sex and suboptimal ARV adherence.
      In western Kenya, hazardous drinking was reported by HIV (53%) and general
      medicine (68%) outpatients. Cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) has demonstrated
      strong efficacy to reduce alcohol use. This article reports on a systematic
      cultural adaptation and pilot feasibility study of group paraprofessional
      delivered CBT to reduce alcohol use among HIV-infected outpatients in Eldoret,
      Kenya. Following adaptation and counselor training, five pilot groups were run (n
      = 27). Overall attendance was 77%. Percent days abstinent from alcohol (PDA)
      before session 1 was 52-100% (women) and 21-36% (men), and by session 6 was 96
      100% (women) and 89-100% (men). PDA effect sizes (Cohen's d) between first and
      last CBT session were 2.32 (women) and 2.64 (men). Participants reported
      treatment satisfaction. Results indicate feasibility, acceptability and
      preliminary efficacy for CBT in Kenya.

PMID- 19967442
TI  - Adaptive evolution in the GAF domain of phytochromes in gymnosperms.
AB  - The GAF domain of phytochrome is essential for photoconversion and signal
      transduction. In gymnosperms, it exists in all members of the phytochrome family
      that experience gene duplication. Maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution
      can provide a framework for constructing likelihood ratio tests of changes in
      selective pressure and make clear predictions about patterns of genetic change
      following gene duplication. In this study, 68 gymnosperm GAF sequences were
      analyzed to identify lineages and sites under positive selection. Our results
      indicate that (1) positive selection at a few sites (3.6%), rather than
      relaxation of selective constraints, has played a major role in the evolution of
      the gymnosperm GAF domain; (2) strong positive selective pressure tends to occur
      in the recent PHYP lineages of cogeneric species, but is absent in old lineages
      consisting of distantly related species; and (3) the selective pressure indicated
      by the omega ratio varies greatly among lineages and sites in the GAF domain.

PMID- 19967443
TI  - The ZW sex microchromosomes of an Australian dragon lizard share no homology with
      those of other reptiles or birds.
AB  - Reptiles show a diverse array of sex chromosomal systems but, remarkably, the Z
      sex chromosomes of chicken are homologous to the ZW sex chromosomes of a species
      of gecko, Gekko hokouensis, suggesting an ancient but common origin. This is in
      contrast to the ZW sex chromosomes of snakes and a species of soft-shelled
      turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, which are nonhomologous to those of chicken or each
      other and appear to have been independently derived. In this paper, we determine
      what homology, if any, the sex chromosomes of the Australian dragon lizard Pogona
      vitticeps shares with those of snake and chicken by mapping the dragon homologs
      of five snake Z chromosome genes (WAC, KLF6, TAX1BP1, RAB5A, and CTNNB1) and five
      chicken Z chromosome genes (ATP5A1, GHR, DMRT1, CHD1, and APTX) to chromosomes in
      the dragon. The dragon homologs of snake and chicken sex chromosome genes map to
      chromosomes 6 and chromosome 2, respectively, in the dragon and that DMRT1, the
      bird sex-determining gene, is not located on the sex chromosomes of P. vitticeps.
      Indeed, our data show that the dragon homolog to the chicken Z chromosome is
      likely to be wholly contained within chromosome 2 in P. vitticeps, which suggests
      that the sex-determining factor in P. vitticeps is not the sex-determining gene
      of chicken. Homology between chicken Z chromosome and G. hokouensis ZW chromosome
      pairs has been interpreted as retention of ancient ZW sex chromosomes in which
      case the nonhomologous sex chromosomes of snake and dragons would be
      independently derived. Our data add another case of independently derived sex
      chromosomes in a squamate reptile, which makes retention of ancient sex
      chromosome homology in the squamates less plausible. Alternatively, the
      conservation between the bird Z chromosome and the G. hokouensis ZW chromosomes
      pairs is coincidental, may be an example of convergent evolution, its status as
      the Z chromosome having been independently derived in birds and G. hokouensis.

PMID- 19967444
TI  - China-U.S. workshop on biotechnology of bioenergy plants.

PMID- 19967445
TI  - Hemorphins act as homeostatic agents in response to endotoxin-induced stress.
AB  - The effect of synthetic LVV-hemorphin-7 and hemorphin-7 on hypothalamo-pituitary
      adrenocortical axis activity in response to endotoxin-induced stress was studied.
      The intraperitoneal (ip) endotoxin (lipopolysaccaride, LPS) (0.5 mg/kg)
      administration in combination with hemorphin (1 mg/kg) induce significant
      decrease in plasma corticosterone and modest decrease in plasma levels of tumor
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in compare with elevated levels of both
      corticosterone and TNFalpha in plasma of rats received LPS administration alone.
      Increased activity of calcineurin in both plasma and brain of rats received ip
      administration of LPS, was recovered under LPS + hemorphin treatment. In two
      independent proteome analysis, using 2-dimensional fluorescence difference gel
      electrophoresis and the isotope coded protein label technology, peptidyl-prolyl
      cis-trans-isomerase A (cyclophilin A) was identified as regulated by hemorphins
      protein in mouse brain. A therapeutic potential of hemorphins and mechanisms of
      their homeostatic action in response to endotoxin-induced stress are discussed.

PMID- 19967446
TI  - Heterologous expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MPR1 gene confers tolerance
      to ethanol and L: -azetidine-2-carboxylic acid in Hansenula polymorpha.
AB  - Hansenula polymorpha is a naturally xylose-fermenting yeast; however, both its
      ethanol yield from xylose and ethanol resistance have to be improved before this
      organism can be used for industrial high-temperature simultaneous
      saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic materials. In the current
      research, we checked if the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MPR1 gene
      encoding N-acetyltransferase can increase the ethanol tolerance of H. polymorpha.
      The S. cerevisiae MPR1 gene was cloned in the H. polymorpha expression vector
      under the control of the H. polymorpha strong constitutive promoter of the
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH). H. polymorpha recombinant
      strains harboring 1-3 copies of the S. cerevisiae MPR1 gene showed enhanced
      tolerance to L: -azetidine-2-carboxylic acid and ethanol. The obtained results
      suggest that the expression of the S. cerevisiae MPR1 gene in H. polymorpha can
      be a useful approach in the construction of H. polymorpha strains with improved
      ethanol resistance.

PMID- 19967447
TI  - Enhanced production of gibberellin A4 (GA4) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi
      in wheat gluten medium.
AB  - Mutants of Gibberella fujikuroi with different colony characteristics, morphology
      and pigmentation were generated by exposure to UV radiation. A mutant, Mor-189,
      was selected based on its short filament length, relatively high gibberellin A(4)
      (GA(4)) and gibberellin A(3) (GA(3)) production, as well as its lack of
      pigmentation. Production of GA(4) by Mor-189 was studied using different
      inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, carbon sources and by maintaining the pH
      of the fermentation medium using calcium carbonate. Analysis of GA(4) and GA(3)
      was done by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-MS. The
      mutants of G. fujikuroi produced more GA(4) when the pH of the medium was
      maintained above 5. During shake flask studies, the mutant Mor-189 produced 210
      mg l(-1) GA(4) in media containing wheat gluten as the nitrogen source and
      glucose as the carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation in a 14 l agitated fermenter
      was performed to evaluate the applicability of the mutant Mor-189 for the
      production of GA(4). In 7-day fed-batch fermentation, 600 mg l(-1) GA(4) were
      obtained in the culture filtrate. The concentration of GA(4) and GA(3) combined
      was 713 mg l(-1), of which GA(4) accounted for 84% of the total gibberellin.
      These values are substantially higher than those published previously. The
      present study indicated that, along with maintenance of pH and controlled glucose
      feeding, the use of wheat gluten as the sole nitrogen source considerably
      enhances GA(4) production by the mutant Mor-189.

PMID- 19967448
TI  - Trehalose accumulation from corn starch by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 during
      2-l fermentation and trehalose purification.
AB  - In this study, corn starch was used as the substrate for cell growth and
      trehalose accumulation by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11. Effect of different
      aeration rates, agitation speeds, and concentrations of corn starch on direct
      conversion of corn starch to trehalose by S. fibuligera A11 were examined using a
      Biostat B2 2-l fermentor. We found that the optimal conditions for direct
      conversion of corn starch to trehalose by this yeast strain were that agitation
      speed was 200 rpm, aeration rate was 4.0 l/min, concentration of corn starch was
      2.0% (w/v), initial pH was 5.5, fermentation temperature was 30 degrees C. Under
      these conditions, over 22.9 g of trehalose per 100 g of cell dry weight was
      accumulated in the yeast cells, cell mass was 15.2 g/l of the fermentation
      medium, 0.12% (w/v) of reducing sugar, and 0.21% (w/v) of total sugar were left
      in the fermented medium within 48 h of the fermentation. It was found that
      trehalose in the yeast cells could be efficiently extracted by the hot distilled
      water (80 degrees C). After isolation and purification, the crystal trehalose was
      obtained from the extract of the cells.

PMID- 19967449
TI  - Spontaneous canine gliomas: overexpression of EGFR, PDGFRalpha and IGFBP2
      demonstrated by tissue microarray immunophenotyping.
AB  - Fifty-seven spontaneous canine gliomas were histologically classified and graded
      using the latest World Health Organization (WHO 2007) criteria for classification
      of human gliomas. A total of 19 canine astrocytomas were classified as follows:
      grade IV (GBM) n = 7; grade III n = 5; and grade II, n = 7. Thirty-eight
      oligodendrogliomas were classified as either grade III (anaplastic) n = 35 or low
      grade II n = 3. Tissue microarray (TMA) immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate
      tumor expression of EGFR, PDGFRa and IGFBP2, three key molecules of known
      pathophysiological importance in human gliomas. Findings were correlated with
      tumor classification and grade. Increased EGFR expression was demonstrated in 57%
      of GBMs, 40% of grade III and 28% of grade II astrocytomas. EGFR expression
      occurred in only 3% of grade III oligodendrogliomas. Increased expression of
      PDGFRalpha was demonstrated in 43% of GBMs, 20% of grade III, and 14% of grade II
      astrocytomas. In the oligodendroglioma series, 94% of grade III tumors
      overexpressed PDGFRalpha. IGFBP2 expression was detected in 71, 60 and 28% of
      GBMs, grade III and grade II astrocytomas respectively. IGFBP2 expression
      occurred in 48% of anaplastic and in 33% of low grade oligodendrogliomas.
      Expression of EGFR, PDGFRalpha or IGFBP2 was not detected in normal canine CNS
      control TMA cores. The incidence of overexpression of EGFR, PDGFRalpha and IGFBP2
      in these canine gliomas closely parallels that in human tumors of similar type
      and grade. These findings support a role for the spontaneous canine glioma model
      in directed pathway-targeting therapeutic studies.

PMID- 19967450
TI  - Barriers and facilitators to public health insurance enrollment in newly arrived
      immigrant adolescents and young adults in New York state.
AB  - This study was designed to identify barriers and facilitators to enrollment in
      public health insurance programs in immigrant adolescents and young adults. Focus
      groups were held in English, Spanish and Mandarin to assess barriers and
      facilitators to insurance enrollment. Twenty-nine students participated in the
      focus groups, 11 Chinese speakers, 13 English speakers and 5 Spanish speakers.
      They were between the ages of 18 and 24. The major factors affecting failure to
      enroll were lack of correct information about enrollment process and
      qualifications, fear of being reported to immigration, and language barriers. In
      general, newly arrived students had less information and many more questions.
      Facilitators to enrollment included perceived need for health insurance,
      requiring help with medical care costs, and assistance with information
      gathering. To increase enrollment, we suggest school-based approaches to
      education and enrollment, increased presence of facilitated enrollers, and
      increased visibility of existing informational outlets.

PMID- 19967451
TI  - Lipids and collagen matrix restrict the hydraulic permeability within the porous
      compartment of adult cortical bone.
AB  - In vivo the hydraulic permeability of cortical bone influences the transport of
      nutrients, waste products and signaling molecules, thus influencing the metabolic
      functions of osteocytes and osteoblasts. In the current study two hypotheses were
      tested: the presence of (1) lipids and (2) collagen matrix in the porous
      compartment of cortical bone restricts its permeability. Our approach was to
      measure the radial permeability of adult canine cortical bone before and after
      extracting lipids with acetone-methanol, and before and after digesting collagen
      with bacterial collagenase. Our results showed that the permeability of adult
      canine cortical bone was below 4.0x10(-17) m2, a value consistent with prior
      knowledge. After extracting lipids, permeability increased to a median value of
      8.6x10(-16) m2. After further digesting with collagenase, permeability increased
      to a median value of 1.4x10(-14) m2. We conclude that the presence of both lipids
      and collagen matrix within the porous compartment of cortical bone restricts its
      radial permeability. These novel findings suggest that the chemical composition
      of the tissue matrix within the porous compartment of cortical bone influences
      the transport and exchange of nutrients and waste products, and possibly
      influences the metabolic functions of osteocytes and osteoblasts.

PMID- 19967452
TI  - Design, expression and characterization of recombinant hybrid peptide Attacin
      Thanatin in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Antimicrobial peptides will be attractive and potential candidates as peptide
      drugs because of their efficient action against microbes and low toxicity to
      mammal cells. To improve their antibacterial activity, some modifications needs
      to be made. In this research, the hybrid peptide gene Attacin-Thanatin with 642
      bp in length with preferred codons of E. coli was generated using the technology
      of Gene splicing by overlap extension. The gene was inserted in-frame into E.
      coli expression plasmid pET-32a (+) and induced to express in E. coli Rosetta.
      The recombinant protein was partial purified and its biological activity was
      determined. Analysis of the E. coli Rosetta induced with IPTG revealed that the
      molecular weight of fusion protein was approximately 41.8 kDa, which perfectly
      matched the mass calculated from the amino acid sequence. Biological activity
      detection showed that this peptide effectively inhibited the growth of the test
      bacteria including E. coli DH5alpha, E. coli BL21 (DE3), Salmonella choleraesuis
      and Staphylococcus aureus. Among these bacteria, the Gram-negative E. coli was
      the most sensitive. Furthermore, there was minor hemolysis activity for porcine
      red blood cells. So, the results indicated that the hybrid peptide Attacin
      Thanatin could be served as a promising candidate for the chemical antibiotics.

PMID- 19967453
TI  - FISH is more sensitive than Southern analysis at identifying increased levels of
      cyclin D1 gene amplified in breast cancer cell lines.
AB  - Cyclin D1 is involved in regulating the transition of G1 to S-phase in the cell
      cycle through phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility product (pRB).
      Amplification and overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) have been reported
      in human breast cancers and are suggested to play important roles in the
      pathogenesis of the disease process. Although cyclin D1 is potentially an
      important gene, relatively little is known about the distribution of its
      amplification in breast cancer cell lines. In this study, a cyclin D1 cosmid
      probe was isolated and used with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to
      identify the gene in chromosomal spreads of 12 breast cancer cell lines. Nine
      cell lines showed increased gene copy levels of cyclin D1, including Five cell
      lines had more than six copies of cyclin D1 on sister chromatids and four had
      more than four copies but less than six copies grouped at the chromosome 11 q13
      band. Three cell lines had two "normal" chromosome 11 and one and two additional
      derivative chromosome 11's with three and four 11q13 sites which lacked
      amplification of cyclin D1 on any of these sites. Using progesterone receptor
      (PR) gene as an internal control, a 2.0-fold or greater increase in cyclin D1
      gene signals, was observed in five of the ten cell lines by Southern
      hybridization, the Amplification level of cyclin D1 varied from 2.3 to 19.6-fold.
      Three cell lines with low amplification of cyclin D1 showed overexpression of the
      gene by Northern analysis. Our experiments demonstrated that FISH was more
      sensitive than Southern blot at demonstrating low levels of gene amplification
      and, additionally, permitted assessment of the distribution of cyclin D1 gene
      among chromosomes.

PMID- 19967454
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) gene and their
      differential expression in response to abiotic stresses from Panax ginseng C. A.
      Meyer.
AB  - Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate to gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA). A full-length cDNA encoding GAD (designated as PgGAD)
      was isolated and characterized from the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The
      length cDNA of PgGAD was 1881 bp and contained a 1491 bp open reading frame (ORF)
      encoding a glutamate decarboxylase protein of 496 amino acids, possessing a Ser-X
      X-Lys active site, which belongs to the GAD group. The deduced amino acid
      sequence of the PgGAD was classified in the plant GAD family and has 76-85% high
      similarity with other plants as like petunia, Arabidopsis, tomato. Secondary
      structure of PgGAD was predicted by using SOPMA software program. Southern blot
      analysis of genomic DNA suggests that, there is more than one copy of the PgGAD
      gene. The organ specific gene expression pattern also studied in P. ginseng
      seedlings, in which the stem showed elevated expression than root, leaf, bud and
      rhizomes. Along with this, we also confirmed the gene expression of PgGAD under
      various abiotic stresses like temperature stress, osmotic stress, anoxia,
      oxidative stress, and mechanical damage. Temporal analysis of gene expression
      except exposure of oxidative stress revealed an enhanced expression after each
      stresses. The enzyme activity of PgGAD was stimulated to 2-fold under cold
      stress.

PMID- 19967455
TI  - Genetic diversity of Iranian Aegilops tauschii Coss. using microsatellite
      molecular markers and morphological traits.
AB  - Aegilops tauschii Coss. is a diploid (2n = 2x = 14,DD) goat grass species which
      has contributed the D genome in common wheat. Genetic variations in 28 accessions
      of Aegilops tauschii belonged to different provinces of Iran, were evaluated
      using 16 morphological traits and 19 SSR markers. In number of spikelet per spike
      and plant height, there was a high variation in ssp. tauschii and ssp.
      strangulata respectively and for days to mature a low variation in both
      subspecies was found. Discriminant function analysis showed that 67.9% of
      original grouped cases correctly classified. Factor analysis indicated that three
      factor explain 66.49% of total variation. The three clusters revealed by the
      cluster analysis were not consistent with their geographical distributions. We
      determined 208 alleles using 19 microsatellites. Average of alleles for every
      locus was 10.94. The total average of PIC was 0.267. 2261 bands produced for
      total of genotypes and Chinese Spring had the highest bands (95 alleles). The
      range of similarity coefficients was between 0.23 and 0.73. Genotypes were
      clustered using UPGMA method. The accessions did not match according to
      morphological cluster and geographical regions. 51.2% of total variations were
      related to 9 principle components.

PMID- 19967456
TI  - Female BRCA mutation carriers with a preference for prophylactic mastectomy are
      more likely to participate an educational-support group and to proceed with the
      preferred intervention within 2 years.
AB  - Women with a BRCA mutation face a complex choice between breast cancer
      surveillance and prophylactic mastectomy. We determined risk management
      preferences shortly after genetic test disclosure and mastectomy status after a
      median observation period of 2 years. The effect of an educational-support group
      on the realisation of risk management preference was explored. We included 163
      newly disclosed BRCA mutation carriers with no history of cancer, whose breast
      cancer risk management preferences were recorded. All carriers were offered the
      opportunity to participate an educational-support group. Mastectomy status was
      checked after a median observation period of 2 years. Of the total sample, 27%
      had an initial preference for mastectomy and 48% attended an educational-support
      group. After a median observation period of 2 years, 30% of the total sample had
      undergone prophylactic mastectomy. Of the women with a preference for
      surveillance, 90% of educational-support group attendees and 88% of the other
      mutation carriers, were still under surveillance. The number of women with a
      preference for mastectomy who actually had a mastectomy performed, was
      significantly higher in the group that attended an educational-support group as
      compared to those who did not, 89% and 63% respectively (OR 4.8, P = 0.04).
      Strong predictors for prophylactic mastectomy within 2 years were younger age and
      prior preference for mastectomy (R (2) = 0.57). Nearly all BRCA mutation carriers
      proceed with their initial choice for surveillance or prophylactic mastectomy.
      The study provides presumptive evidence that educational-support group
      participants decide to undergo prophylactic mastectomy earlier than non
      attendees.

PMID- 19967457
TI  - Evolving perspectives on genetic discrimination in health insurance among health
      care providers.
AB  - Previous studies have documented that concerns about genetic discrimination (GD)
      may influence access to and participation in medically necessary care. We sought
      to characterize how GD issues influence current cancer genetics professional
      (CGP) practice, determine if their attitudes regarding GD have changed over time,
      and compare their knowledge and attitudes regarding laws prohibiting GD to a
      contemporary cohort of non-genetics clinicians. Members of the National Society
      of Genetic Counselors Familial Cancer Special Interest Group were invited to
      complete a 39 item online survey, adapted from previously published instruments.
      The resulting data were compared to a survey of CGPs published in 2000 and to a
      contemporary cohort of non-genetics clinicians (n = 1,181). There were 153
      qualified respondents. Compared to the historical CGP cohort (n = 163), a
      significantly greater proportion said they would bill insurance for the cost of
      genetic testing for themselves (P < 0.0001). Most CGPs (94%) considered the risk
      of GD to be low to theoretical, concordant with 64% who expressed confidence in
      existing federal laws prohibiting GD. The mean knowledge score of CGPs regarding
      GD protective laws was significantly greater than that of non-genetics clinicians
      (P < 0.001). As barometers of change, CGPs show a migration in opinion over the
      past 8 years, with decreased fear of GD and greater knowledge of laws prohibiting
      GD compared to non-genetics clinicians. Better knowledge of GD and protective
      legislation, may facilitate non-genetics clinician utilization of genetics and
      personalized medicine.

PMID- 19967458
TI  - Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma: very early diagnosis of renal
      cancer in a paediatric patient.
AB  - Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is a hereditary cancer syndrome
      in which affected individuals are at risk for cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas,
      and renal cancer. Previous reports have stressed the aggressiveness of the renal
      tumours, often with early metastasis, despite small primary tumour size. Almost
      all the previously reported patients were adults, and different studies showed
      variability in penetrance for the renal tumours. We report a patient in whom
      renal cancer was detected at the age of 11 years at his first routine screening
      imaging after he was found to carry a fumarate hydratase gene mutation (c.1189G >
      A) transmitted from his mother. This report serves to emphasize the need to
      improve guidelines for screening of at risk individuals, including the necessity
      for predictive genetic testing and early institution of tumour surveillance in
      childhood.

PMID- 19967459
TI  - Factors associated with false-negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma
      patients.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Some melanoma patients who undergo sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy
      will have false-negative (FN) results. We sought to determine the factors and
      outcomes associated with FN SLN biopsy. METHODS: Analysis was performed of a
      prospective multi-institutional study that included patients with melanoma of
      thickness > 1.0 mm who underwent SLN biopsy. FN results were defined as the
      proportion of node-positive patients who had a tumor-negative sentinel node
      biopsy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate analyses
      were performed. RESULTS: This analysis included 2,451 patients with median follow
      up of 61 months. FN, true-positive (TP), and true-negative (TN) SLN results were
      found in 59 (10.8%), 486 (19.8%), and 1,906 (77.8%) patients, respectively. On
      univariate analysis comparing the FN with TP groups, respectively, the following
      factors were significantly different: age (52.6 vs. 47.6 years, p = 0.004),
      thickness (mean 2.1 vs. 3.1 mm, p = 0.003), lymphovascular invasion (LVI; 3.7 vs.
      13.7%, p = 0.037), and local/in-transit recurrence (LITR; 32.2 vs. 12.4%, p <
      0.0001); these factors remained significant on multivariate analysis. Overall 5
      year survival was greater in the TN group (86.7%) compared with the TP (62.3%)
      and FN (51.3%) groups (p < 0.0001); however, there was no significant difference
      in overall survival comparing the TP and FN groups (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: This
      is the largest study to evaluate FN SLN results in melanoma, with a FN rate of
      10.8%. FN results are associated with greater patient age, lower mean thickness,
      less frequent LVI, and greater risk of LITR. However, survival of patients with
      FN SLN is not statistically worse than that of patients with TP SLN.

PMID- 19967460
TI  - Verification of musculoskeletal FDG-PET-CT findings performed for melanoma
      staging.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to establish the validity of F-18
      deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) scan
      staging for cutaneous melanoma when a musculoskeletal image abnormality is
      detected. METHODS: An institutional review board (IRB)-approved prospective
      database was queried to identify 342 melanoma patients treated between 4/1999 and
      12/2007. A total of 682 whole-body FDG-PET-CT scans performed for staging were
      retrospectively reviewed to identify FDG-avid lesions in the deep soft
      tissues/muscle, bone or joints (i.e., musculoskeletal sites). Images were
      correlated with follow-up patient records. RESULTS: There were 187 true-positive
      sites on 94 scans and 26 false-positive sites on 22 scans. The overall false
      positive rate was 13.9% (26/187). The positive predictive value (PPV) of an
      isolated musculoskeletal FDG-avid site was 31%. The PPV was highest (100%) when
      findings were present in both the bone and deep soft tissues. The relative risk
      of an isolated FDG-avid site compared with multiple FDG-avid sites not being
      melanoma was 5.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.85-9.94]. The relative risk of
      an FDG-avid site seen in the appendicular region not being melanoma was 1.78 (95%
      CI 0.87-3.64) that of a site seen in the axial region. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET-CT
      scanning for staging and surveillance in the extremities of patients with high
      risk melanoma often creates confusing clinical scenarios. Our data suggest that a
      select subset of patients with isolated avid appendicular musculoskeletal scan
      may not have metastatic melanoma.

PMID- 19967462
TI  - Nonanemic patients do not benefit from autologous blood donation before total hip
      replacement.
AB  - To avoid the potential risks of allogeneic transfusion during total hip
      arthroplasty (THA), the use of preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) has
      been utilized. We performed a retrospective chart review of 283 patients
      undergoing THA that either donated 1 U of autologous blood (188 patients) or did
      not donate autologous blood before surgery (95 patients) in order to investigate
      the difference in postoperative transfusion rate (autologous and allogeneic), the
      incidence of allogeneic transfusion, and the difference in cost of each protocol.
      In addition, the study compared transfusion rates in patients with and without
      preoperative anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) <= 12.5 g/dL). At 0.75 transfusions per
      patient versus 0.22 transfusions per patient, the PABD patients had a
      significantly higher overall transfusion rate. PABD significantly reduced the
      need for allogeneic blood in anemic patients (Hb <= 12.5 g/dL) from 52.6% to
      11.8%. PABD did not have the same affect in nonanemic patients (allogeneic
      transfusion rate 5.7% versus 4.0%). The study demonstrated that nonanemic
      patients undergoing THA do not benefit from PABD, but it is effective for anemic
      patients.

PMID- 19967463
TI  - Unintended pregnancy influences racial disparity in tubal sterilization rates.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Minority women are more likely than white women to choose tubal
      sterilization as a contraceptive method. Disparities in rates of unintended
      pregnancy may help explain observed racial/ethnic differences in sterilization,
      but this association has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the
      associations among race/ethnicity, unintended pregnancy, and tubal sterilization.
      DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of data from a nationally
      representative sample of women aged 15-44 years [65.7% white, 14.8% Hispanic, and
      13.9% African American (AA)] who participated in the 2002 National Survey of
      Family Growth. MAIN MEASURES: Race/ethnicity, history of unintended pregnancy,
      and tubal sterilization. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the
      effect of race/ethnicity on unintended pregnancy while adjusting for socio
      demographic variables. A series of logistic regression models was then used to
      examine the role of unintended pregnancy as a confounder for the relationship
      between race/ethnicity and sterilization. KEY RESULTS: Overall, 40% of white, 48%
      of Hispanic, and 59% of AA women reported a history of unintended pregnancy.
      After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, AA women were more likely (OR:
      2.0; 95% CI: 1.6-2.4) and Hispanic women as likely (OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.80-1.2) as
      white women to report unintended pregnancy. Sterilization was reported by 29% of
      women who had ever had an unintended pregnancy compared to 7% of women who
      reported never having an unintended pregnancy. In unadjusted analysis, AA and
      Hispanic women had significantly higher odds of undergoing sterilization (OR:
      1.5; 95% CI: 1.3-1.9 and OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7, respectively). After adjusting
      for unintended pregnancy, this relationship was attenuated and no longer
      significant (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.95-1.4 for AA women and OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6
      for Hispanic women). CONCLUSION: Minority women, who more frequently experience
      unintended pregnancy, may choose tubal sterilization in response to prior
      experiences with an unintended pregnancy.

PMID- 19967464
TI  - Pneumonia recovery: discrepancies in perspectives of the radiologist, physician
      and patient.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chest radiographs are often used to diagnose community-acquired
      pneumonia (CAP), to monitor response to treatment and to ensure complete
      resolution of pneumonia. However, radiological exams may not reflect the actual
      clinical condition of the patient. OBJECTIVE: To compare the radiographic
      resolution of mild to moderately severe CAP to resolution of clinical symptoms as
      assessed by the physician or rated by the patient. DESIGN: Prospective cohort
      study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred nineteen patients admitted because of mild to
      moderately severe CAP with new pulmonary opacities. MAIN MEASURES: Radiographic
      resolution and clinical cure of CAP were determined at day 10 and 28.
      Radiographic resolution was defined as the absence of infection-related
      abnormalities; clinical cure was rated by the physician and defined by
      improvement of signs and symptoms. In addition, the CAP score, a patient-based
      symptom score, was calculated. KEY RESULTS: Radiographic resolution, clinical
      cure and normalization of the CAP score were observed in 30.8%, 93% and 32% of
      patients at day 10, and in 68.4%, 88.9% and 41.7% at day 28, respectively. More
      severe CAP (PSI score >90) was independently associated with delayed radiographic
      resolution at day 28 (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3-16.9). All 12 patients with
      deterioration of radiographic findings during follow-up had clinical evidence of
      treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: In mild to moderately severe CAP, resolution of
      radiographic abnormalities and resolution of symptoms scored by the patient lag
      behind clinical cure assessed by physicians. Monitoring a favorable disease
      process by routine follow-up chest radiographs seems to have no additional value
      above following a patient's clinical course.

PMID- 19967465
TI  - The association between the number of prescription medications and incident falls
      in a multi-ethnic population of adult type-2 diabetes patients: the diabetes and
      aging study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Use of four or more prescription medications is considered a risk
      factor for falls in older people. It is unclear whether this polypharmacy-fall
      relationship differs for adults with diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the
      association between number of prescription medications and incident falls in a
      multi-ethnic population of type-2 diabetes patients in order to establish an
      evidence-based medication threshold for fall risk in diabetes. DESIGN: Baseline
      survey (1994-1997) with 5 years of longitudinal follow-up. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible
      subjects (N = 46,946) had type-2 diabetes, were >or=18 years old, and enrolled in
      the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry. MEASUREMENTS AND
      MAIN RESULTS: We identified clinically recognized incident falls based on
      diagnostic codes (ICD-9 codes: E880-E888). Relative to regimens of 0-1
      medications, regimens including 4 or more prescription medications were
      significantly associated with an increased risk of falls [4-5 medications
      adjusted HR 1.22 (1.04, 1.43), 6-7 medications 1.33 (1.12, 1.58), >7 medications
      1.59 (1.34, 1.89)]. None of the individual glucose-lowering medications was found
      to be significantly associated with a higher risk of falls in predictive models.
      CONCLUSIONS: The prescription of four or more medications was associated with an
      increased risk of falls among adult diabetes patients, while no specific glucose
      lowering agent was linked to increased risk. Baseline risk of falls and number of
      baseline medications are additional factors to consider when deciding whether to
      intensify diabetes treatments.

PMID- 19967466
TI  - Fluoroscopy.

PMID- 19967467
TI  - "Rhabdomyolysis after bariatric surgery by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a
      prospective study".

PMID- 19967468
TI  - Effects of lead on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in watercress,
      Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
AB  - The aim of the present study is to evaluate the oxidative effects of lead with
      increased concentrations by the determination of antioxidant enzyme activities
      (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and
      ascorbate peroxidase (AP)) and lipid peroxidation levels in the stem and leaves
      of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) which was exposed to lead acetate,
      Pb (CH3COOH)2 regime with concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 250, and 500 mg/L Pb
      in a hydroponic culture. After 14 days, accumulation of lipid peroxidation in
      stems and leaves and changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined
      spectrophotometrically. The maximum accumulation was observed in the highest
      concentration group. In this group, lipid peroxidation levels were three times
      higher than the control group in the stem and leaves. The highest induction in
      SOD and GR activities were determined at 200 mg/L Pb group in stem, whereas CAT
      and AP activities were higher than other groups at the concentration of 250 and
      100 mg/L Pb, respectively. The increase in CAT activity was found to be greater
      than GR, SOD, and AP activities in stems of watercress under Pb treatment. Both
      lead accumulation and antioxidant enzyme responses were higher in stems than in
      leaves. The results of the present study suggested that the induction in
      antioxidant responses could be occurring as an adaptive mechanism to the
      oxidative potential of lead accumulation.

PMID- 19967469
TI  - Increase of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp. through
      mutagenesis and enzyme assay.
AB  - The present study focused on improving docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by
      Schizochytrium sp. through N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrisiguanidine treatment coupled
      with ultraviolet radiation based on the metabolic pathway analysis. The activity
      of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of the mutant was higher than the parent
      strain, which indicated that the hexose monophosphate pathway of the mutant was
      strengthened, and more NADPH was thus produced. Also, the activities of malic
      enzyme and ATP-citrate lyase in the cell extract of the mutant were higher than
      the parent strain, which indicated that the screening method increased NADPH and
      acetyl-CoA supply in vivo effectively. Finally, in the batch culturing of the
      mutant, 34.84% higher lipid was accumulated with the cell dry weight at the same
      level compared with the parent strain. Moreover, the DHA percentage of the total
      fatty acids up to 56.22% was achieved using the mutant, which was 38.88% higher
      than the parent strain. When the cultures were maintained under appropriate
      conditions, the final DHA yield was 0.20 and 0.11 g/g dry biomass, for the mutant
      and parent, respectively.

PMID- 19967470
TI  - A case report of gemcitabine treatment for duodenal cancer: the good (a sustained
      response) and the bad (life threatening refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic
      purpura).
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is a rare cancer and not submitted
      to the type of clinical trials that guide chemotherapy treatments in other
      gastrointestinal malignancies. CASE REPORT: This case demonstrates the potential
      use for gemcitabine, a chemotherapy typically used in pancreas and biliary tract
      tumors, in this difficult to treat disease as this patient had a partial response
      to single agent gemcitabine. Unfortunately, this case also demonstrates one of
      the rare potential adverse reactions to gemcitabine, which is the development of
      thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). CONCLUSION: In this case, the TTP was
      extremely difficult to treat but was resolved with splenectomy.

PMID- 19967471
TI  - Use of self-expandable stents for obstructive distal and proximal large bowel
      cancer: a retrospective study in a single centre.
AB  - AIM: The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the effectiveness and
      safety of self-expandable metal stents in patients presenting with large bowel
      obstruction secondary to colorectal cancer (regardless of the tumour site), in a
      district general hospital setting. METHODS: All patients who had endoscopic
      colonic stents insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer between 2001 and 2005
      at our centre were identified retrospectively from patients' discharge database
      and the unit database. The patients were divided into the 'palliation group'
      where the stents were inserted to relief symptoms only and the 'bridge group'
      where patients with resectable cancer underwent colonic stenting as a bridge to
      improve patient's general condition before definite surgery. RESULTS: Thirty
      eight patients were included in the final analysis. Thirty-three tumours were in
      the distal colon and five were in more proximal lesions. Stent insertion was
      successful in 35 patients (92%). Overall clinical success was 71%. All five
      proximal colonic tumours (13%) had successful stent insertion. Mortality related
      to procedure was 2%, and the average survival in all patients was 141 days from
      time of stent insertion. CONCLUSION: Colonic stent is a safe and effective method
      for relief of immediate symptoms of malignant distal and proximal large bowel
      obstruction.

PMID- 19967472
TI  - Stromal duodenal tumor revealed by an acute pancreatitis: report of a case.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are one of the most common
      mesenchymal neoplasms of the human gastrointestinal tract. Duodenal GISTs are
      very rare and constitute less than 5% of all kind of GISTs. CASE REPORT: This is
      a report of a rare gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum in a 25-year
      old female who was presented as an acute pancreatitis. DISCUSSION: The computed
      tomography evoked a pancreatic tumor. The patient underwent successful Whipple's
      procedure. The histological and immunohistochemical exams of the specimen
      resection confirmed the diagnosis of duodenal stromal tumor.

PMID- 19967474
TI  - Fractures in brief: radial head fractures.

PMID- 19967473
TI  - Influence of acetabular and femoral version on fractures of the femoral neck.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fractures through the proximal femur are broadly grouped into
      intertrochanteric fractures and intracapsular fractures. It is not clear why a
      patient may sustain an intertrochanteric fracture as compared with an
      intracapsular fracture. There is an established relationship between relative hip
      retroversion and the development of osteoarthritis. We postulate retroversion
      also may be a risk factor for having intracapsular fractures develop.
      QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We looked specifically at the geometry of the hip to analyze
      the possibility of a relationship between acetabular version, femoral version,
      and Mckibbin's instability index and fracture type. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We
      recruited 40 patients with fractures of the femoral neck for the study. There
      were 15 men and 25 women with a mean age of 80 years (range, 57-92 years). There
      were 14 intertrochanteric fractures and 26 intracapsular fractures. After
      treating their fracture, the contralateral hip was scanned in a CT scanner and
      assessed by two independent observers to establish the acetabular and femoral
      version. RESULTS: We found no correlation between proximal femoral fracture type
      and the contralateral femoral version, femoral neck length, acetabular version,
      or Mckibbin's instability index or between fracture type and age or gender.
      CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no correlation between proximal femoral fracture
      type and acetabular or femoral version. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prognostic
      study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of
      evidence.

PMID- 19967475
TI  - Extraosseus plasmacytoma of the pharynx with localized light chain deposition.
      Case report.
AB  - Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare disorder associated with a clonal
      proliferation of plasma cells, which synthesize abnormal monoclonal
      immunoglobulin light chains. It is characterized by systemic deposition of light
      chains in various organs, with the kidneys being most commonly affected. There
      have been few reports of isolated LCDD, i.e. in the brain, lungs and cervical
      lymph nodes. We here report on another patient with an isolated form of LCDD,
      which was limited to the pharyngeal mucosa and was associated with an extraosseus
      plasmacytoma of the pharynx, expanding the spectrum that has been recognized for
      LCDD. The patient was treated by local radiotherapy, with an excellent response.
      A less aggressive clinical course can probably be expected than in the usual form
      of LCDD, but a long-term follow-up is necessary to establish the clinical
      significance of this variant of LCDD.

PMID- 19967476
TI  - [Conservative therapy of osteoarthritis. Technical orthopedic fittings].
AB  - Technical orthopedic fittings play an important role for conservative treatment
      to help patients with severe osteoarthritis. For the knees these include braces,
      orthoses and shoe fittings such as dampers, lengthening of the medial or lateral
      sole and a large number of walking aids. All these aids are able to decrease
      pain, improve life quality and are therefore a good treatment option, although
      the progression of the disease itself cannot be altered.

PMID- 19967477
TI  - [Microfracture and specific rehabilitation for treating osteoarthritis of the
      knee. Indications, surgical technique, and rehabilitation protocol].
AB  - Treatment of osteoarthritis in young and middle-aged patients, in whom joint
      replacement is usually not appropriate, is a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons.
      Arthroscopic techniques can help control patients' symptoms. In particular, the
      microfracture procedure combined with management of the joint volume and a
      specific rehabilitation protocol shows good results in patients with
      osteoarthritis and cartilage defects by resurfacing the defect with a combination
      of types I and II cartilaginous tissue. Microfracture is a single-staged
      arthroscopic procedure that can be combined with any other arthroscopic treatment
      for osteoarthritis of the knee. With an appropriate rehabilitation protocol and
      techniques for controlling the joint volume, these treatments are very effective
      for pain relief and functional improvement. The described technique is our choice
      for initial surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.

PMID- 19967481
TI  - Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma management: its significance and potential
      problems.

PMID- 19967482
TI  - Significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in malignant melanoma: overview of
      international data.
AB  - The notion of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and its use during surgery for
      staging cancer was initially reported in 1992, in a study involving patients with
      malignant melanoma. To date SLN biopsy (SLNB) has emerged as a rational approach
      for staging regional lymph nodes in patients with clinically node-negative
      melanoma (stage I and II disease). The significance of SLNB as a staging and
      prognostic tool in melanoma is widely accepted. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase
      chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the SLN remains very controversial. Whether
      SLNB improves survival in melanoma patients remains an open question.

PMID- 19967483
TI  - Sentinel lymph node biopsy in Japan.
AB  - Similar to the practice in Western countries, intraoperative lymphatic mapping
      and selected lymphadenectomy (SLNB) have been validated and are widely performed
      for the staging of melanoma in Japan. Recent studies have shown that
      approximately 90% (73/81) of university hospitals and several cancer hospitals
      routinely perform SLNB, and half of all melanoma patients receive this
      examination. SLNB is performed according to a variation of the standard procedure
      described by Morton and Cochran. The most frequently used tracers are Tc(99m)-tin
      colloid or Tc(99m)-phytate for scintigraphy and patent blue violet or indigo
      carmine as a blue dye. Some institutions use indocyanine green, which is
      fluorescent and can be used to visualize sentinel lymph node(s) (SLNs) under an
      infrared camera. The recent detection rate of SLNs has increased to more than 95%
      with the method using blue dye, lymphoscintigraphy, and a handheld gamma probe.
      In a multicenter study, the rates of metastasis in SLN were as follows: pTis, 0%
      (0/36); pT1, 10.7% (6/56); pT2, 21.0% (13/63); pT3, 34.0% (35/103); and pT4,
      62.4% (63/101). The metastasis rate was also significantly related to ulceration
      of the primary tumor. Here, we discuss data from Japanese patients and the
      present status of SLNB in Japan.

PMID- 19967484
TI  - Usefulness of fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for
      investigating unexplained rising carcinoembryonic antigen levels that occur
      during the postoperative surveillance of lung cancer patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) has
      been useful for the detection of recurrent lung cancer. However, such technology
      is expensive and is not always widely available. In this study, we evaluated the
      selected use of FDG-PET for lung cancer patients with re-elevated levels of serum
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) after curative surgery. METHODS: Among 327
      patients who underwent curative resection for primary lung cancer from May 2002
      through March 2007, 199 had adenocarcinoma, of whom 78 (39%) had elevated levels
      of serum CEA before treatment. After surgery, the level was monitored every 1 to
      3 months. Re-elevation of CEA was recognized in 39 (50%) patients, 22 of whom
      underwent FDG-PET and were included in this study. FDG-PET images were visually
      inspected, and abnormally increased FDG uptake was interpreted as recurrence. The
      sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive
      value of PET in detecting recurrent lung cancer were determined. RESULTS: FDG-PET
      correctly identified 14 out of 15 relapses and gave true negative results in six
      out of seven remissions, i.e., one false-negative and one false-positive were
      observed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative
      predictive value were 93%, 86%, 93%, and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In 64% of
      the patients with unexplained increased CEA levels, FDG-PET provided decisive
      diagnostic clues guiding further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The
      selected use of FDG-PET for patients with re-elevated serum CEA levels after
      surgery can be a practical and effective mode of surveillance for detecting
      recurrent lung cancer.

PMID- 19967485
TI  - Prediction of PSA bounce after permanent prostate brachytherapy for localized
      prostate cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We aimed to calculate the frequency and features of the development
      of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) bounce after prostate brachytherapy alone,
      to correlate the bounce with clinical and dosimetric factors and to identify
      factors that predict PSA bounce. METHODS: PSA bounce was evaluated in 86 patients
      with T1-T2 prostate cancer who underwent radioactive seed implantation using
      iodine-125 (I-125) without hormonal therapy or external-beam radiation therapy
      (EBRT) from September 2004 to December 2007. A PSA bounce was defined as a rise
      of at least 0.4 ng/ml greater than a previous PSA level with a subsequent decline
      equal to, or less than, the initial nadir. RESULTS: Calculated by the Kaplan
      Meier method, the incidence of PSA bounce at a 2-year follow-up was 26%. Median
      time to the PSA bounce was 15 months. Univariate analysis demonstrated that age,
      dose received by 90% of the prostate gland (D90), volume of gland receiving 100%
      of the prescribed dose (V100), and V150 were significantly associated with the
      PSA bounce, while pretreatment PSA level, Gleason score, pretreatment prostate
      volume, clinical T stage, and V200 were not. In multivariate analysis, age 67
      years or less and D90 more than 180 Gy were identified as independent factors for
      predicting the PSA bounce (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PSA bounce is not a rare
      phenomenon after prostate brachytherapy. It is more common in younger patients
      and patients receiving higher doses of radiation.

PMID- 19967486
TI  - Comparison of chemotherapy regimens for concurrent chemoradiotherapy in
      unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the survival
      and toxicities associated with chemoradiotherapy using full-dose and weekly
      regimens in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS:
      Consecutive patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy between October
      2002 and June 2006 at our institution were enrolled. The prescribed dose for
      thoracic radiotherapy was 60 Gy in 30 fractions for all the patients. RESULTS:
      Fifty-nine patients were enrolled; 36% of the patients were treated with full
      dose regimens and 64% with weekly regimens. The patient characteristics were
      similar in the two groups. In both univariate and multivariate analyses,
      treatment with weekly regimens was associated with a better overall survival than
      that with full-dose regimens (2-year survival rates: 75% for weekly regimens vs
      41% for full-dose regimens). The toxicities and compliance in the two groups were
      comparable. CONCLUSION: Weekly regimens exhibited more favorable overall survival
      as compared to full-dose regimens in this retrospective study. Confirmation of
      the results by a randomized phase III trial is warranted.

PMID- 19967487
TI  - Safety of bevacizumab treatment in combination with standard chemotherapy for
      metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective review of 65 Japanese patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab (BV) prolongs overall survival and progression-free
      survival when combined with standard chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal
      cancer (mCRC). However, because this drug was approved in Japan only in 2007,
      there has been little experience in Japan. This study was conducted to evaluate
      retrospectively the safety of BV in clinical practice. METHODS: Sixty-five
      consecutive mCRC patients who received BV at our institution between June 2007
      and March 2008 were selected. All patients were treated with chemotherapy in
      combination with BV. We surveyed the medical records of all patients for adverse
      events (AEs). We assessed the AEs using the Common Terminology Criteria for
      Adverse Events version 3.0. RESULTS: The characteristics of the subjects were:
      male, 45 patients; median age, 57 years; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
      (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-1, 62 patients; number of prior chemotherapy
      regimens 0/1/ > 2, 15/28/22 patients. The incidence of BV therapy-related AEs of
      all grades was: hypertension, 47.7%; proteinuria, 33.8%; bleeding, 35.3%;
      gastrointestinal (GI) perforation, 3.1%; thrombosis, 7.7%; and wound-healing
      complications, 6.2%. The incidence of grade 3/4 AEs related to BV therapy was:
      hypertension, 13.8%; bleeding, 1.5%; GI perforation, 1.5%; and thrombosis, 4.6%.
      Four patients (6.2%) had to stop chemotherapy because of the development of BV
      therapy-related AEs. New events of hypertension, bleeding, and proteinuria
      emerged until 120 days and thereafter. CONCLUSION: The incidence of BV therapy
      related AEs in this study was consistent with that observed in Western
      prospective clinical trials, with the exception of hypertension and proteinuria.
      A careful follow up is recommended for up to 120 days after the initiation of BV
      administration.

PMID- 19967488
TI  - Receptor occupancy theory-based analysis of interindividual differences in
      antiemetic effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate interindividual differences in
      the antiemetic effects of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists by evaluating the
      influence of pharmacokinetics on 5-HT(3) receptor occupancies, based on receptor
      occupancy theory. METHODS: We analyzed interindividual differences of 5-HT(3)
      receptor occupancies and antiemetic effects after the oral and/or intravenous
      administration of standard doses of the following 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists:
      azasetron, granisetron, indisetron, ondansetron, ramosetron, and tropisetron.
      RESULTS: The interindividual difference between maximum and minimum 5-HT(3)
      receptor occupancies after oral administration ranged from 0.6% to 64.0%, and
      that difference after intravenous administration ranged from 0.6% to 29.6%.
      Following oral administration, the interindividual difference between maximum and
      minimum complete vomiting inhibition rates ranged from 0.2% to 16.1%. After
      intravenous administration, that difference ranged from 0.8% to 52.5%.
      CONCLUSION: Interindividual differences in the clinical effects of 5-HT(3)
      receptor antagonists could be evaluated based on receptor occupancy theory, and
      the differences varied among drugs. Drug selection considering these individual
      variations might be useful for the patients who experienced vomiting associated
      with chemotherapy.

PMID- 19967489
TI  - Verification of air-kerma strength of 125I seed for permanent prostate implants
      in Japan.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To assure the physical quality of brachytherapy, we investigated the
      difference between measured and manufacturer's stated source strengths in a
      single model SourceTech Medical (STM)1251 (125)I seed. METHODS: A well-type
      ionization chamber with a single-seed holder was used to measure the source
      strength of 2412 (125)I seeds before implant in 34 patients. The air-kerma
      strength was 0.450 U for all cases. The mean source strength for each patient was
      measured and compared with the manufacturer's stated value. The deviation from
      the measured value was compared with the tolerance range of the American
      Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-56 report's recommendation.
      RESULTS: The measured source strength was higher than the manufacturer's stated
      value, with a median difference of 1% (range, 2% to 5%). Sixteen of the total of
      2412 seeds (0.7%) were more than 5% different from the manufacturer's stated
      value. The median SD from the mean value was 2.2% (range, 1.1% to 2.5%) for all
      patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a single-seed assay performed
      for the model STM1251 (125)I seed. In this study the manufacturer's stated
      strength agreed well with the measured value. Nevertheless, the advisability of
      performing a single-seed assay at every institution should be considered, by
      referring to the appropriate regulations; for example, those used in the United
      States.

PMID- 19967490
TI  - Effects of a low-fat meal on the oral bioavailability of UFT and leucovorin in
      patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: UFT is composed of tegafur, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, and uracil,
      at a fixed ratio of 1: 4. UFT is widely used with leucovorin as adjuvant
      chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer. As reported, UFT/leucovorin should
      not be taken simultaneously with food because a high fat content will reduce the
      systemic exposure to the active cytotoxic moiety of UFT. In this single-dose,
      randomized, two-way crossover study, we investigated the effects of a low-fat
      Japanese meal on the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of UFT (2 x 100-mg
      capsules; dose in terms of tegafur) and leucovorin (1 x 25-mg tablet). METHODS:
      Patients (n = 12) were randomly assigned to receive both drugs after an overnight
      fast or 5 min after eating a standard Japanese breakfast (641 kcal), with a 3-day
      washout period between treatments. Pharmacokinetics (n = 12) were determined for
      tegafur, 5-fluorouracil, uracil, leucovorin, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (an
      active metabolite of leucovorin). RESULTS: For 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics,
      the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the curve were reduced by
      73.7% and 47.4%, respectively, when UFT was taken postprandially, and the maximum
      plasma concentration and the area under the curve for uracil were reduced by
      84.1% and 68.9%, respectively, compared with dosing on an empty stomach. These
      decreases in the systemic exposure to 5-fluorouracil were quite marked and may
      have an impact on its antitumor effect. CONCLUSION: A low-fat meal affects the
      pharmacokinetics of UFT similarly to a high-fat meal.

PMID- 19967491
TI  - Thymic squamous cell carcinoma producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
      associated with a high serum level of interleukin 6.
AB  - Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing thymic carcinoma is
      extremely rare. A-66-year-old man presented with an anterior mediastinal mass,
      and underwent surgical biopsy. He had marked leukocytosis, and his serum levels
      of G-CSF and interleukin-6 were elevated. Histologically, the tumor consisted of
      squamous cell carcinoma, which showed positive immunoreactivity for G-CSF. He was
      treated with thoracic radiotherapy, and chest imaging revealed a marked reduction
      of tumor size. He was doing well at 8 months after tumor diagnosis.

PMID- 19967492
TI  - Germ cell tumor of the colon with an adenocarcinomatous component.
AB  - A case of combined germ cell tumor and adenocarcinoma that arose in the colon of
      a 62-year-old man is described. The clinical and pathological findings are
      presented. The patient had widespread metastases at diagnosis and poor prognosis
      after operation (right hemicolectomy) was performed in spite of receiving
      chemotherapy. Pathologically, the germ cell tumor was composed of a yolk sac
      tumor and choriocarcinoma. Further, all the metastatic lesions showed a germ cell
      phenotype. An extragonadal germ cell tumor is extremely rare. To our knowledge,
      only a few cases have been reported in the English-language literature. Our
      present report will contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of
      this rare neoplasm.

PMID- 19967493
TI  - Choroidal metastasis in a patient with small cell lung cancer discovered during
      treatment with chemotherapy.
AB  - A 56-year-old male patient complaining of productive cough, hoarseness, and
      fatigue was found to have extensive disease of small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC),
      with staging of cT4N3M1(PUL). He was treated with chemotherapy. While undergoing
      treatment with chemotherapy, he complained of a right visual disturbance, and
      choroidal metastasis was diagnosed. Because the primary site responded well to
      chemotherapy alone and the visual disturbance did not worsen, the patient refused
      radiotherapy to the choroidal metastasis. Two months after the first diagnosis of
      the choroidal metastasis, while he was receiving the first treatment regimen for
      SCLC, the visual disturbance suddenly worsened; emergent radiotherapy was
      started, with a total dose of 40 Gy, given as 2.0 Gy/fraction per day. The visual
      disturbance never improved, and the patient lost 80% of his right visual field.
      Within 6 months of diagnosis, the patient became blind in his right eye. The
      patient died of septic shock related to treatment received during his third
      chemotherapy regimen. Choroidal metastasis is very rare with extraocular
      malignant tumors, though it is common with intraocular malignant tumors.
      Choroidal metastasis secondary to SCLC has a poor prognosis, but in order to
      maintain quality of life during the patients' remaining lifespan, aggressive
      treatment would appear appropriate for these patients, because SCLC is a chemo
      sensitive cancer.

PMID- 19967495
TI  - HPV infection in an HIV-positive patient with primary squamous cell carcinoma of
      rectum.
AB  - Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the colorectum is a rare malignancy of
      unknown etiology and pathogenesis. We report a case of primary SCC of the rectum.
      A 55-year-old man with a rectal tumor and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      infection was referred to our hospital. Histopathology of biopsy specimens showed
      characteristics of SCC. We diagnosed the patient as having primary moderately
      differentiated SCC of the rectum according to the criteria proposed by Cooper.
      Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction
      analysis of unfixed tumor biopsy specimens. In addition, no p53 overexpression or
      nuclear staining of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) was observed in neoplastic cells
      by immunohistochemical staining. We suggest from our case that HPV infection
      following the inactivation of the cellular tumor suppressor Rb and the immune
      suppression induced by HIV infection play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis
      of rectal SCC, consistent with the well-established concept of HPV-associated
      anal carcinogenesis.

PMID- 19967494
TI  - Sudden blastic crisis and additional chromosomal abnormalities during chronic
      myeloid leukemia in the imatinib era.
AB  - Imatinib has shown significant clinical and cytogenetic success in the treatment
      of chronic myeloid leukemia. Although resistance has been observed in a
      proportion of patients, sudden blastic crisis is a rare event during imatinib
      therapy. We describe a 24-year-old male patient with Philadelphia chromosome
      positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase who developed sudden blastic
      crisis in the 24th month of imatinib therapy, with loss of complete cytogenetic
      response. At this time, the patient had splenomegaly, severe anemia,
      thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis. Bone marrow aspirate revealed the presence of
      massive blastic infiltration with myeloid morphology. Flow cytometric analysis of
      the bone marrow cells showed positivity for CD45, CD34, CD13, CD33, CD19, CD41,
      CD61, and glycophorin-A. Trephine biopsy specimens showed 100% cellular marrow
      with diffuse infiltrate by blasts. A reticulin stain of the bone marrow biopsy
      section demonstrated severe diffuse fibrosis. Cytogenetic analysis by
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that 92% of the cells were
      positive for the BCR/ABL fusion signal and had increased copy numbers for
      chromosomes 8, 13, 19, and 21. The patient's prognosis was unfavorable. In
      conclusion, chronic myeloid leukemia remains complex and includes unanswered
      questions. The presented case with a rare event during imatinib therapy
      highlights the need for the continued monitoring of residual disease and the
      development of strategies to eliminate residual leukemia cells in patients
      showing a complete cytogenetic response.

PMID- 19967496
TI  - Solitary fibrous tumor of the abdominal wall.
AB  - Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are uncommon neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that
      usually arise from the pleura. SFTs of the abdominal wall are extremely rare, and
      only 12 cases have been reported in the English language literature. This report
      presents a new case of SFT of the abdominal wall in a 74-year-old female.
      Positron emission tomography demonstrated the heterogeneous 18F
      fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of the tumor (the maximum standardized uptake value was
      2.8). Histologically, the mitotic count was 1 to 2/10 high-power fields. The
      patient is alive without recurrence at 10 months after undergoing a surgical
      excision. We discuss the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis
      and present a review of the pertinent literature.

PMID- 19967497
TI  - Bilateral angiosarcoma of the breast detected by magnetic resonance imaging
      during pregnancy.
AB  - Angiosarcoma of the breast is an aggressive malignancy of endothelial origin with
      a tendency for local regional recurrence. The involvement of angiosarcomas in the
      bilateral breasts has rarely been documented. Of note, due to its rarity and
      typically unclear clinical findings upon examination, the diagnosis of a
      contralateral lesion can be difficult, particularly in women during pregnancy.
      Here we present a rare case of bilateral angiosarcoma of the breast during
      pregnancy. A 32-year-old woman was referred to our unit with complaints of
      progressive swelling of the left breast, with tenderness. Magnetic resonance
      imaging showed a small, circumscribed high-intensity area in the contralateral
      breast, with pattern similar to that of the lesion found in the left breast. The
      contralateral lesion revealed only equivocal findings with the other diagnostic
      modalities. Diagnosed as angiosarcoma preoperatively, excision of the bilateral
      tumors was performed. Histological findings of the removed bilateral tumors were
      compatible with high-grade angiosarcoma of the breast.

PMID- 19967498
TI  - A case of bilateral pelvic lymph node involvement in stage 1a1 squamous cell
      carcinoma of cervix and a review of the literature.
AB  - Stage1a1 cervical cancer has been established to define a subset of the disease
      in patients who may safely be managed more conservatively and who have an
      excellent prognosis. Recently, however, a number of stage 1a1 cases with lymph
      node metastasis have been reported. Some of these cases had positive
      lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), which some studies have identified as a
      negative prognostic factor. There is still, however, disagreement between the
      International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the Society of
      Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO) regarding whether LVSI may be used as a staging
      criterion. We report a 36-year-old patient with stage 1a1 cervical cancer who was
      diagnosed with multiple pelvic and parametrial lymph node metastases.
      Histopathology showed extensive LVSI. While stage 1a1 cases may still be managed
      conservatively, physicians must consider the possibility of lymph node
      metastasis, particularly in patients with positive LVSI, and counsel patients
      accordingly.

PMID- 19967499
TI  - Image-guided radiation therapy: a new era for the radiation oncologist?

PMID- 19967500
TI  - Anticholinergic treatment in airways diseases.
AB  - The prevalence of chronic airways diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease and asthma is increasing. They lead to symptoms such as a cough and
      shortness of breath, partially through bronchoconstriction. Inhaled
      anticholinergics are one of a number of treatments designed to treat
      bronchoconstriction in airways disease. Both short-acting and long-acting agents
      are now available and this review highlights their efficacy and adverse event
      profile in chronic airways diseases.

PMID- 19967501
TI  - Skin tolerability associated with transdermal drug delivery systems: an overview.
AB  - As transdermal patches become more widely prescribed, it is important that
      clinicians understand: (a) the common causes of skin reactions with these
      medications; (b) how to minimize these reactions; and (c) how to manage the signs
      and symptoms. Here we review published data for skin reactions with patch
      medications approved within the past decade. Overall, the most common application
      site signs and symptoms appear to be localized redness (erythema) or itching,
      sometimes accompanied by swelling (edema). Typically, these are mild to moderate
      in severity, transient in nature, and occur in 20% to 50% of patients. Most are
      localized to the area of application, and resolve spontaneously within several
      days following patch removal. Discontinuations due to these types of event are
      infrequent, ranging from 1.7% to 6.8% in the 6-month trials reviewed here. Based
      on expert opinion, the majority of these skin reactions would be a form of
      irritant contact dermatitis, with infrequent cases of allergic contact
      dermatitis. These types of reactions usually cause minimal pain or discomfort to
      the patient, and are unlikely to be of medical concern. Signs and symptoms of
      irritant contact dermatitis may be minimized by rotation of the application site,
      careful removal of the patch, and appropriate use of moisturizers and topical
      corticosteroids. In conclusion, the potential advantages of transdermal patches
      usually outweigh any additional skin issues; however, further research into
      treatment and management strategies is required.

PMID- 19967502
TI  - Immunotoxicology testing: past and future.
AB  - A brief historical perspective of immunotoxicology is presented describing the
      early development of predictive screening tests to identify xenobiotics that may
      cause immunosuppression or skin sensitization. This includes a discussion of the
      evolution of the discipline to support a better understanding of basic -science
      and improvement of human risk assessment. The last section describes the need for
      additional validated screening tests and recent efforts to address this gap in
      the other areas of immunotoxicology including food and respiratory allergy,
      autoimmunity and immunostimulation.

PMID- 19967503
TI  - Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT): the why, when, and how of DIT testing.
AB  - Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) has emerged as a serious health consideration
      given the increases in the prevalence of many immune-based childhood diseases and
      conditions, including allergic diseases and asthma, recurrent otitis media,
      pediatric celiac disease, and type 1 diabetes. As a result, the use of DIT
      testing to identify potential environmental risk factors contributing to these
      and other diseases has become a higher priority. This introductory chapter
      considers: (1) the basis for an increased and earlier use of DIT testing in
      safety evaluations and (2) the general features of DIT testing strategies
      designed to reduce health risks.

PMID- 19967504
TI  - An in vivo tiered approach to test immunosensitization by low molecular weight
      compounds.
AB  - New chemical entities are tested in general toxicity assays during development
      before entering clinical trials. However, immunosensitization of these entities
      is not tested on a standard basis. There are no in vitro or in vivo standardized
      methods available for testing immunosensitization or immunostimulation. In this
      chapter, we describe a tiered strategy oral exposure model for assessing
      immunosensitization or immunostimulation capacity of low molecular weight
      compounds. The strategy starts from a set of data that may provide information on
      bioactivation, conjugation (hapten-protein conjugate formation), cytotoxicity and
      signs of inflammation in any of the animals in a 28 day-toxicity study. In case
      of concern, a reporter antigen-popliteal lymph node assay (RA-PLNA) and,
      subsequently, an oral exposure experiment with the reporter antigen can be
      performed. Based on the presence of RA-specific immune responses an indication
      for immunosensitization can be found.

PMID- 19967505
TI  - Risk of autoimmune disease: challenges for immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - Autoimmunity represents a potentially diverse and complex category among the
      range of adverse outcomes for detection with immunotoxicity testing. For this
      reason, the risk of autoimmune disease is discussed in this overview chapter with
      additional mention among the later specific protocol chapters. Improvements in
      clinical diagnostic capabilities and disease recognition have led to a more
      accurate picture of the extent of autoimmune diseases across different human
      populations. While the risk of any single autoimmune disease remains modest when
      compared with that of lung or heart disease, the cumulative prevalence of
      autoimmune diseases is both significant and increasing. Autoimmune diseases are
      usually viewed in the context of the damaged tissue or organ (e.g., as a thyroid,
      gastrointestinal, cardiovascular or neurological disease). But improved
      recognition that underlying immune dysfunction can connect the risks for these as
      well as other diseases is critical for optimizing risk assessment. Since
      autoimmune diseases are chronic in nature with many first appearing in children
      or in young adults, these diseases exert a serious impact on both health care
      costs and quality of life. This chapter provides a discussion of the issues that
      should be considered with immunotoxicity testing for risk of autoimmunity.

PMID- 19967506
TI  - Markers of inflammation.
AB  - Inflammation is a complex and necessary component of an organism's response to
      biological, chemical or physical stimuli. In the acute phase, cells of the immune
      system migrate to the site of injury in a carefully orchestrated sequence of
      events that is mediated by cytokines and acute phase proteins. Depending upon the
      degree of injury, this acute phase may be sufficient to resolve the damage and
      initiate healing. Persistent inflammation as a result of prolonged exposure to
      stimulus or an inappropriate reaction to self molecules can lead to the chronic
      phase, in which tissue damage and fibrosis can occur. Chronic inflammation is
      reported to contribute to numerous diseases including allergy, arthritis, asthma,
      atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer, and to conditions of
      aging. Hematology and clinical chemistry data from standard toxicology studies
      can provide an initial indication of the presence and sometimes location of
      inflammation in the absence of specific data on the immune tissues. These data
      may suggest more specific immune function assays are necessary to determine the
      existence or mechanism(s) of -immunomodulation. Although changes in hematology
      dynamics, acute phase proteins, complement factors and cytokines are common to
      virtually all inflammatory conditions and can be measured by a variety of
      techniques, individual biomarkers have yet to be strongly associated with
      specific pathologic events. The specific profile in a given inflammatory
      condition is dependent upon species, mechanisms, severity, chronicity, and
      capacity of the immune system to respond and adapt.

PMID- 19967507
TI  - Evaluating macrophages in immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - Macrophages are the heterogeneous grouping of cells that are derived from
      monocytes. They have a multitude of functions depending on their final
      differentiated state. These functions range from phagocytosis to antigen
      presentation to bone destruction, to name a few. Their importance in both the
      innate and acquired immune functions is undeniable. Xenobiotics that degrade
      their functional status can have grave consequences. In this chapter, we provide
      an overview of the types of macrophages, their hematopoietic origin and a general
      discussion of the many different assays that are used to assess their functional
      status.

PMID- 19967508
TI  - Host resistance assays including bacterial challenge models.
AB  - Immunotoxicity testing is used to provide safety assessment with the major
      objective being the avoidance of unacceptable risk of infectious or neoplastic
      disease. To this end, immunotoxicity testing has employed a variety of host
      resistance challenge models for measuring both host resistance to disease as well
      as immune function. This chapter provides an overview of those viral, bacterial,
      fungal, and parasitic host resistance models that are most commonly used in
      safety assessment. It also describes in more detail the bacterial challenge
      models that are employed to address specific host resistance and immune function
      issues.

PMID- 19967509
TI  - Viral host resistance studies.
AB  - A foremost objective of preclinical immunotoxicity testing is to address whether
      or not a drug or environmental toxicant causes adverse effects on net immune
      health, expressly the host's ability to mount an appropriate immune response to
      clear infectious organisms. Given the complex interactions, diverse molecular
      signaling events, and redundancies of immunity that has itself been subdivided
      into interdependent arms, namely innate, adaptive, and humoral, the results of
      single immune parameter testing may not reflect the final outcome of a drug or
      toxicant's effect on net immune health. The most comprehensive experimental
      approach to ascertain this information is utilization of host resistance models.
      Herein, application of viral host resistance models in rodents and non-human
      primates is described. Although brief descriptions of numerous viral models are
      discussed including reovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and
      lymphocryptovirus, the most well-characterized viral host resistance model,
      rodent influenza, is emphasized.

PMID- 19967510
TI  - Parasite challenge as host resistance models for immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - Identification of potentially immunosuppressive compounds typically involves
      assessing a combination of observational endpoints as surrogates for functional
      endpoints and functional endpoints as surrogates for resistance to infectious or
      neoplastic disease. Host resistance assays are considered to be the "gold
      standard" against which suppression of immune function at the molecular or
      cellular level can be judged, because resistance to infection, regardless of the
      actual pathogen, involves multiple pathways of effector function to neutralize or
      eliminate pathogens. Resistance to infection with the parasitic nematode
      Trichinella spiralis has been used to assess immune function following exposure
      to a variety of immunotoxicants at the whole animal level. The various
      immunological mechanisms that are responsible for resistance to different phases
      of the life cycle are well documented, as are the effects of immunosuppression on
      the outcome of infection. This chapter describes methods to assess elimination of
      adult parasites from the small intestine, body burdens of larvae, as well as
      antibody responses and lymphocyte responses to parasite antigens.

PMID- 19967511
TI  - Tumor challenges in immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - Syngeneic murine tumor models have been widely used by researchers to assess
      changes in tumor susceptibility associated with exposure to toxicants. Two common
      tumor models used to define host resistance against transplanted tumors in vivo
      are EL4 mouse lymphoma cells (established from a lymphoma induced in a C57BL/6
      mouse by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene) and B16F10 mouse melanoma cells
      (derived through variant selection from a B16 melanoma arising spontaneously in
      C57BL/6 mice). While C57BL/6 mice are commonly used as the syngeneic host for
      these tumor models, other mouse strains such as B(6)C(3)F(1) (C57BL/6 x C3H) can
      also be used. Tumor challenge of the host can be done by subcutaneous (sc) or
      intravenous (iv) injection, depending upon whether the effects are to be examined
      on local tumor development or experimental/artificial metastasis. Materials and
      methodologies for injection of both tumor cell models are described in detail in
      the subsequent sections.

PMID- 19967512
TI  - The T-dependent antibody response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin in rodents.
AB  - Central to the evaluation of potential immunotoxicants is the concept that
      measurement of multiple parameters is required for the determination of toxicity
      toward the immune system. A carefully considered integration of endpoints
      involved in the immune response should be used to determine an immunotoxic
      effect. A functional evaluation, specifically the rodent T-cell-dependent
      antibody response (TDAR) model developed for regulated immunotoxicity
      evaluations, has been established to detect potential immunotoxicity, especially
      immunosuppression, caused by chemicals and novel pharmaceuticals in development.
      This chapter provides an overview and detailed procedures involved in the TDAR
      assay that measures the immune response (i.e., antibody production) to an
      introduced antigen (i.e., keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)) in rats or mice
      treated with a chemical (e.g., a known immunotoxicant and/or a new drug
      candidate). The TDAR model of competent immune function requires the
      participation of multiple effector cells such as antigen presenting cells, T
      lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes to produce the final product, the antigen-specific
      antibody response. Thus, alterations in the level of antibody production to the
      specific antigen may reflect effects on any or all of the cell populations
      involved in TDAR.

PMID- 19967513
TI  - The sheep erythrocyte T-dependent antibody response (TDAR).
AB  - The sheep erythrocyte T-dependent antibody Response (TDAR) evaluates the ability
      of animals sensitized in vivo to produce primary IgM antibodies to sheep
      erythrocytes (sRBC). The assay enumerates the number of antigen specific IgM
      antibody producing cells in the spleen. When exposure to the test material takes
      place in vivo, as does sensitization, the actual quantification of the number of
      antibody producing cells occurs ex vivo. Following the animal being euthanized, a
      single cell suspension of spleen cells is prepared. These spleen cells containing
      the IgM secreting plasma cells are incubated in a semisolid matrix of agar, sheep
      erythrocytes, and guinea pig serum as a single cell layer between a Petri dish
      and glass cover slip. After a 3 h incubation period, lysis of sRBCs around each
      of the IgM secreting antigen specific plasma cells results in the formation of a
      clear plaque, which can easily be counted. The TDAR has been found to be the most
      sensitive functional assay for evaluating effects on the immune system,
      particularly the humoral immune component. The TDAR to sheep erythrocytes still
      remains the gold standard for evaluating the potential adverse effects of
      xenobiotics on the immune system.

PMID- 19967514
TI  - The delayed type hypersensitivity assay using protein and xenogeneic cell
      antigens.
AB  - The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay has a lengthy history in
      immunotoxicity testing since it was one of the original functional assays
      included in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) immunotoxicology test panel.
      Based on NTP data analysis, the DTH assay is among the most predictive
      immunotoxicity tests when included with at least two other immune parameters. The
      DTH assay has the advantage of being: (1) a useful measure of cell-mediated
      immunity, (2) an in vivo assay where there is less opportunity for ex vivo
      confounders and (3) a clinically significant human correlate to the tuberculin
      test. Disadvantages of the DTH assay are that it is potentially labor-intensive
      to perform, it is somewhat resistant to automation and, when compared with the
      cyctotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay, it is a relatively crude measurement.
      However, some groups have been attempting to address the limitations of the DTH
      assays (see Note 1).The assay is related to the contact hypersensitivity response
      (CHR), which is covered in another chapter. The DTH response has been used as an
      indicator of cell-mediated immune status and is dependent upon both T helper
      1(Th1)-driven responses as well as cell recruitment and chemotaxis to a local
      site. As a result, the DTH functional response may be influenced by disruption of
      either Th1-driven, antigen-dependent T cell development or mobilization of
      sensitized T cells to a local site. The present chapter describes four common
      protocols with consideration restricted to protein and xenogeneic cell
      immunogens.

PMID- 19967515
TI  - The cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay for evaluating cell-mediated immune function.
AB  - Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is a significant component in any
      assessment designed to predict the full range of potential immunotoxic risk
      underlying health risks. Among measures of CMI, the cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL)
      response is recognized as perhaps the most relevant functional measure that
      reflects cell-mediated acquired immune defense against viral infections and
      cancer. The CTL response against T-dependent antigens requires the cooperation of
      at least three different major categories of immune cells. These include
      professional antigen presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells), CD4(+) T helper
      lymphocytes, and CD8(+) T effector lymphocytes. It is also among the few
      functional responses dependent on and, hence, capable of evaluating effective
      antigen presentation via both class I and class II molecules of the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC). For this reason the CTL assay is an excellent
      candidate for evaluation of potential immunotoxicity. This chapter provides an
      example of a mouse CTL assay against influenza virus that has been utilized for
      this purpose.

PMID- 19967516
TI  - NK cell assays in immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - It is well known that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in defense against
      viruses and some tumors. NK cells kill target cells by the directed release of
      cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes, and granulysin. It is
      increasingly important to evaluate NK cell function in immunotoxicity testing. NK
      cell function can be evaluated by determining cytolytic activity against target
      tumor cells by the (51)Cr-release assay and also by determining the number of NK
      cells in peripheral blood in humans and in the spleen in animals using flow
      cytometry. Recently, the intracellular levels of perforin, granzymes, and
      granulysin determined by flow cytometry have also been used in the evaluation of
      NK cell function. This chapter will describe the methods for NK cell assays in
      immunotoxicity testing.

PMID- 19967517
TI  - The local lymph node assay and skin sensitization testing.
AB  - The mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a method for the identification and
      characterization of skin sensitization hazards. In this context the method can be
      used both to identify contact allergens, and also determine the relative skin
      sensitizing potency as a basis for derivation of effective risk assessments.The
      assay is based on measurement of proliferative responses by draining lymph node
      cells induced following topical exposure of mice to test chemicals. Such
      responses are known to be causally and quantitatively associated with the
      acquisition of skin sensitization and therefore provide a relevant marker for
      characterization of contact allergic potential.The LLNA has been the subject of
      exhaustive evaluation and validation exercises and has been assigned Organization
      for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 429. Herein we
      describe the conduct and interpretation of the LLNA.

PMID- 19967518
TI  - Use of contact hypersensitivity in immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - The histopathological examination of lymphoid organs together with a T-dependent
      antibody (TDAR) assay are the primary components of preclinical immunotoxicity
      assessment. Additional testing including measurement of cellular immunity may be
      considered. Besides ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation assays, either delayed or
      contact hypersensitivity models can be used. Contact hypersensitivity testing is
      typically performed either in mice or in guinea pigs and is directly derived from
      classical models used for the detection of contact sensitizing chemicals.
      Whatever the selected model, it is comprised of a sensitizing phase where the
      animals are applied a strong contact sensitizer topically, then a rest phase, and
      finally an eliciting phase where sensitized animals are challenged topically with
      the same contact sensitizer.In mice, the ear-swelling test is the reference
      procedure in which mice are sensitized to the ear or shaved abdominal skin and
      then challenged on the ear. Ear swelling usually measured from ear thickness
      reflects a cell-mediated immune response. In guinea pigs, a strong sensitizer is
      applied on the shaved skin of the abdomen or the interscapular area. The
      sensitized animals are challenged on another area of the shaved abdomen, and the
      cell-mediated response is assessed semiquantitatively from the magnitude of
      induced erythema inconsistently associated with edema. Treatment or exposure with
      immunosuppressive chemicals can result in a significantly decreased ear swelling
      or skin reaction. Contact hypersensitivity models are seldom used nowadays in
      preclinical immunotoxicity testing, most likely because of the lack of
      standardization and extensive validation as well as their use being restricted to
      mice or guinea pigs.

PMID- 19967519
TI  - Evaluation of apoptosis in immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - Immunotoxicity testing is important in determining the toxic effects of chemical
      substances, medicinal products, airborne pollutants, cosmetics, medical devices,
      and food additives. The immune system of the host is a direct target of these
      toxicants, and the adverse effects include serious health complications such as
      susceptibility to infections, cancer, allergic reactions, and autoimmune
      diseases. One way to investigate the harmful effects of different chemicals is to
      study apoptosis in immune cell populations. Apoptosis is defined as the
      programmed cell death, and in general, this process helps in development and
      maintains homeostasis. However, in the case of an insult by a toxicant, apoptosis
      of the immune cells can lead to immunosuppression resulting in the development of
      cancer and the inability to fight infections. Apoptosis is characterized by cell
      shrinkage, nuclear condensation, changes in cell membrane and mitochondria, DNA
      fragmentation into 200 base oligomers, and protein degradation by caspases.
      Various methods are employed in order to investigate apoptosis. These methods
      include direct measurement of apoptotic cells with flow cytometry and in situ
      labeling, as well as RNA, DNA, and protein assays that are indicative of
      apoptotic molecules.

PMID- 19967521
TI  - Evaluating cytokines in immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - One of the most potentially useful tools in immunotoxicology is the assessment of
      cytokines, the proteins/peptides that are responsible for regulating a variety of
      processes including immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis.
      Cytokine production measurements offer an outstanding promise and may eventually
      substitute for other more laborious procedures. The particular profile of
      cytokine production may provide an important information regarding the nature of
      many immunotoxic responses.Recent expansion in the knowledge of cytokine biology
      and the realization that cytokines play a role in human diseases have created a
      need for the precise assessment and accurate interpretation of their presence and
      activity in the body fluids, tissues and cells. Proper evaluation of cytokines
      requires attention to several technical details. Multi-cytokine analysis still
      needs to be standardized in terms of optimum source for analysis, protocols and
      quality control issues, such as the use of reference standards and the expression
      of results.Important practical details and considerations will be discussed in
      this chapter, including the source of the sample to be tested (circulating
      fluids, or ex vivo/in vitro isolated cells), the potential effects of collection,
      processing, and storage of the results of the assays, as well as potential
      variables associated with the source material (matrix effects, relevance,
      inhibitory substances), and factors influencing the choice of assay used
      (bioassay, immunoassay, molecular biology technique, flow cytometry).

PMID- 19967520
TI  - Dendritic cells in immunotoxicity testing.
AB  - Dendritic cells (DCs) are now recognized to play the key role in the development
      of adaptive immunity by promoting activation of naive T cells. Herein, we
      describe the methodologies to investigate how DCs can be modified by an
      environmental toxicant and subsequently influence immunity. The prototypic
      toxicant used as an example for altering DC development and functional influences
      on T cell development is lead (Pb). It has been reported that the environmental
      exposure to Pb enhances IgE production in children, which leads to an increase in
      the incidence of asthma. This effect has been suggested to be due to the
      preferential enhancement of helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cell responses by Pb. The
      predominant promotion of Th2 cell development is posited to be due to the altered
      characteristics of the bone marrow (BM)-DCs from Pb-treated mice (Pb-DCs) when
      compared to those of the BM-DCs that develop from progenitors in the absence of
      Pb. The Pb-DCs have a different immunophenotype as well as different cytokine
      expression after activation. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm that Pb-DCs
      have the ability to promote antigen-specific T cells to Th2 cells, favoring type
      2-related humoral (HI) and cell mediated (CMI) immunity, which may be
      extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP)
      kinase pathway dependent.

PMID- 19967522
TI  - Flow cytometry in preclinical drug development.
AB  - Flow cytometry has many applications in clinical medicine allowing rapid and
      highly specific characterization of cells in solution (e.g., peripheral blood) or
      from dissociated tissues. The data generated from these analyses may be used to
      diagnose and monitor progression of disease as well as aid in prognostication of
      selected pathologic processes. In recent years, flow cytometric techniques have
      established a foothold in preclinical drug development providing an ability to
      identify and characterize both cell morphology and function, as well as to more
      clearly assign observed alterations in one or more cell attributes as intended or
      unexpected effects of new biopharmaceutical entities. The inclusion of flow
      cytometric evaluation assays (some described in this chapter) during preclinical
      drug development has increased and enhanced the detail of data generated to
      support the safety and efficacy of new biopharmaceuticals. Flow cytometry
      analyses used in preclinical drug development that are described in this chapter
      include immunophenotyping, peripheral blood cross-reactivity, binding activity
      and stability and cell receptor dynamics.

PMID- 19967523
TI  - Enhanced histopathology evaluation of lymphoid organs.
AB  - Enhanced histopathology is a tool that the pathologist can use as a screening
      test to identify -immunomodulatory compounds. This assessment is based on the
      assumption that chemically induced alterations may result in qualitative or
      quantitative changes in the histology of the lymphoid organs. It involves the
      histological evaluation of various lymphoid organs and their respective tissue
      compartments to identify specific cellular and architectural changes. Although
      this methodology cannot directly measure immune function, it does have the
      potential to determine whether or not a specific chemical causes suppression or
      enhancement of the immune system. As with all screening tests, evaluation of, and
      comparison with, control tissues are crucial in order to establish the range of
      normal tissue changes for a particular group of animals. Laboratory animals
      include species other than rat and mouse; therefore, recognition of species
      differences in the structure and function of the immune system should be noted as
      well as identification of which differences are biologically relevant for the
      endpoint being considered. Consideration should also be given to the nutritional
      status, antigen load, age, spontaneous lesions, steroid hormone status, and
      stress for each strain and group of animals. General guidelines for the
      examination of each of the lymphoid organs are provided in this chapter.

PMID- 19967524
TI  - Immunotoxicity testing in nonhuman primates.
AB  - Biological relevance is generally the major justification for using nonhuman
      primates (NHP) during preclinical safety assessment. This holds particularly true
      for the evaluation of biopharmaceuticals with NHP often being the species of
      choice. For safety assessment of small molecules, NHP are used in case of a
      higher degree of metabolic similarity, to detect the highly specific immunotoxic
      side effects and to discriminate toxicity from efficacy of immunomodulatory
      drugs. Unlike for rodent immunotoxicity studies, standardized tests and protocols
      are generally less available for NHP. The immunotoxicity testing protocols
      described in the present chapter have been adapted for application to NHP
      samples. In principle, rodent protocols can be transferred to NHP. Fortunately,
      most of the immunotoxicity parameters delineated in the ICH S8 guideline can be
      applied to NHP specimens. Exceptions are the host resistance assay and the
      delayed type hypersensitivity test. Owing to the close structural and
      physiological similarity between NHP and human, human test kits or reagents are
      often well suited for application to NHP samples. For data evaluation it should
      be noted that no inbred strains of NHP are available, resulting in a large inter
      animal variability for most immunotoxicity assay results. The experimental
      protocols and reagents described in this chapter were developed specifically for
      the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), currently the most commonly used NHP
      species in toxicology. In many instances, these protocols will also be applicable
      to rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) and potentially to other Old World macaques. For
      the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey also used in toxicology,
      the choice of available immunotoxicity testing protocols is much reduced when
      compared to macaques.

PMID- 19967525
TI  - Fundamentals of clinical immunotoxicology.
AB  - Whereas animal studies are invaluable for screening various chemical and drugs
      for immunotoxic potential, such systems are necessarily limited in their
      predictive value for humans given the differences in physiology, immune system
      structure and function, and various other parameters between humans and nonhuman
      animals. However, prospective experimental studies in humans are not always
      practical or ethical. What is needed is an approach for combining animal data,
      human data collected in the course of clinical studies, and modern tools of
      bioinformatics and systems biology. In this chapter, we will explore current
      assays and methodologies for assessing immunotoxic potential in humans using this
      multi--parameter approach.

PMID- 19967526
TI  - In vivo functional tests for assessing immunotoxicity in birds.
AB  - Various methods have been adapted for assessing the effects of environmental
      contaminants on the structure and function of the immune system in wild and
      captive birds. This chapter describes two integrative functional assays that have
      been adapted to a variety of avian species and have proven to be sensitive
      biomarkers for immunotoxicological effects. The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin
      test measures T cell-mediated immunity. PHA is injected intra- or sub-dermally
      into the wing web of the elbow joint (or interdigitary skin or wattle). The PHA
      stimulates T lymphocytes to release cytokines that cause an inflammatory influx
      of leukocytes and fluid. The thickness of the wing web is measured before and 24
      h after injection. A stimulation index, which reflects T cell function, is
      calculated as the increase in skin thickness caused by the PHA minus the increase
      caused by an injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in the other wing web.
      In addition to its sensitivity to contaminants, ecological studies have shown
      that the PHA skin response is positively associated with rates of survival and
      colonization of new areas (i.e., ability to found new local populations) in wild
      birds.The sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemagglutination assay measures the
      antibody response to immunization with SRBC antigens, integrating the functions
      of B lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, and macrophages. A SRBC suspension is
      injected i.v., and a blood sample is collected approximately 6 days later. Plasma
      (or serum) from the blood sample is serially diluted in a microtiter plate, and
      SRBCs are added. The magnitude of the antibody response is defined as the titer -
      the highest dilution of plasma in which the concentration of antibody is
      sufficient to agglutinate the SRBCs. Both IgM and IgG titers can be measured.
      This avian test is very similar in principle to the anti-SRBC ELISA and splenic
      plaque forming assays used for immunotoxicological testing in rodents. However,
      this avian hemagglutination assay does not require a species-specific secondary
      antibody (as does the ELISA), and this minimally invasive, nonlethal procedure is
      amenable to studies of protected species, as opposed to the splenic assay. The
      PHA and SRBC assays have been employed successfully in both the laboratory and
      field. In ecological studies birds must be recaptured 24 h or 6 days after the
      initial injections, limiting their use in some species. However, their
      sensitivity to a variety of contaminants and their ease of adaptability to a
      variety of species have made the PHA and SRBC tests some of the most commonly
      used assays for screening and monitoring immunotoxicity in birds.

PMID- 19967527
TI  - In vitro testing for direct immunotoxicity: state of the art.
AB  - Immunotoxicity is defined as the toxicological effects of xenobiotics including
      pharmaceuticals on the functioning of the immune system and can be induced in
      either direct or indirect ways. Direct immunotoxicity is caused by the effects of
      chemicals on the immune system, leading to immunosuppression and subsequently to
      reduced resistance to infectious diseases or certain forms of nongenotoxic
      carcinogenicity.In vitro testing has several advantages over in vivo testing,
      such as detailed mechanistic understanding, species extrapolation (parallelogram
      approach), and reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments. In
      vitro testing for direct immunotoxicity can be done in a two-tiered approach, the
      first tier measuring myelotoxicity. If this type of toxicity is apparent, the
      compound can be designated immunotoxic. If not, the compound is tested for
      lymphotoxicity (second tier). Several in vitro assays for lymphotoxicity exist,
      each comprising specific functions of the immune system (cytokine production,
      cell proliferation, cytotoxic T-cell activity, natural killer cell activity,
      antibody production, and dendritic cell maturation). A brief description of each
      assay is provided. Only one assay, the human whole blood cytokine release assay,
      has undergone formal prevalidation, while another one, the lymphocyte
      proliferation assay, is progressing towards that phase.Progress in in vitro
      testing for direct immunotoxicity includes prevalidation of existing assays and
      selection of the assay (or combination of assays) that performs best. To avoid
      inter-species extrapolation, assays should preferably use human cells.
      Furthermore, the use of whole blood has the advantage of comprising multiple cell
      types in their natural proportion and environment. The so-called "omics"
      techniques provide additional mechanistic understanding and hold promise for the
      characterization of classes of compounds and prediction of specific toxic
      effects. Technical innovations such as high-content screening and high-throughput
      analysis will greatly expand the opportunities for in vitro testing.

PMID- 19967528
TI  - Do mites phoretic on elm bark beetles contribute to the transmission of Dutch elm
      disease?
AB  - Dutch elm disease (DED) is a destructive vascular wilt disease of elm (Ulmus)
      trees caused by the introduced Ascomycete fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. In Europe,
      this DED pathogen is transmitted by elm bark beetles in the genus Scolytus. These
      insects carry phoretic mites to new, suitable habitats. The aim of this study was
      to record and quantify conidia and ascospores of O. novo-ulmi on phoretic mites
      on the three elm bark beetle species Scolytus multistriatus, Scolytus pygmaeus,
      and Scolytus scolytus. Spores of O. novo-ulmi were found on four of the ten mite
      species phoretic on Scolytus spp. These included Elattoma fraxini, Proctolaelaps
      scolyti, Pseudotarsonemoides eccoptogasteri, and Tarsonemus crassus. All four
      species had spores attached externally to their body surfaces. However, T.
      crassus carried most spores within its sporothecae, two paired pocket-like
      structures adapted for fungal transmission. Individuals of Pr. scolyti also had
      O. novo-ulmi conidia and ascospores frequently in their digestive system, where
      they may remain viable. While E. fraxini and P. eccoptogasteri rarely had spores
      attached to their bodies, large portions of Pr. scolyti and T. crassus carried
      significant numbers of conidia and/or ascospores of O. novo-ulmi. P. scolyti and
      T. crassus, which likely are fungivores, may thus contribute to the transmission
      of O. novo-ulmi, by increasing the spore loads of individual Scolytus beetles
      during their maturation feeding on twigs of healthy elm trees, enhancing the
      chance for successful infection with the pathogen. Only S. scolytus, which is the
      most efficient vector of O. novo-ulmi in Europe, carried high numbers of Pr.
      scolyti and T. crassus, in contrast to S. multistriatus and S. pygmaeus, which
      are known as less efficient vectors. The high efficiency of S. scolytus in
      spreading Dutch elm disease may be partly due to its association with these two
      mites and the hyperphoretic spores of O. novo-ulmi they carry.

PMID- 19967529
TI  - The alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor partial agonist varenicline
      inhibits both nicotine self-administration following repeated dosing and
      reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rats.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist
      varenicline has greater efficacy than other pharmacotherapeutic aids for smoking
      cessation. This presents an opportunity to evaluate the predictive validity of
      rat models of nicotine taking and relapse. The aim of this study was to evaluate
      the ability of varenicline to attenuate nicotine self-administration and relapse,
      as modelled by the reinstatement model of nicotine relapse in rats. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: Rats were trained to respond for intravenous nicotine under a fixed
      ratio schedule of reinforcement. The effects of varenicline (0.3-3.0 mg/kg s.c.)
      on both nicotine and food self-administration and reinstatement of nicotine
      seeking were evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Varenicline dose-dependently
      reduced nicotine self-administration and attenuated both nicotine prime and
      combined nicotine prime plus nicotine-paired cue-induced reinstatement.
      Varenicline had no effect on cue-induced reinstatement in the absence of a
      nicotine prime nor did it induce reinstatement when given alone. CONCLUSION: The
      effects of varenicline on nicotine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking are
      consistent with the demonstrated clinical efficacy of varenicline for smoking
      cessation.

PMID- 19967530
TI  - Drinking and future thinking: acute effects of alcohol on prospective memory and
      future simulation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It has recently been shown that acute alcohol globally impairs
      'prospective memory' (PM)-remembering to do something in the future (Leitz et al.
      in Psychopharmacology 205:379-387, 2009). In healthy, sober individuals,
      simulating future events at encoding enhances PM performance. AIMS: We therefore
      aimed to determine if future event simulation could attenuate the impairing
      effects of acute alcohol on PM. METHODS: Using a double-blind independent group
      design, 32 healthy volunteers were administered a 0.6-g/kg dose of ethanol or
      matched placebo. PM performance was assessed using a behavioural task, the
      'Virtual Week', which was adapted to enable future event simulation in both
      remote and recent contexts. Episodic memory was indexed with a source memory task
      and planning with the Tower of London task. RESULTS: We replicated the finding of
      Leitz et al. that acute alcohol consumption impairs prospective memory for event
      based tasks. Future event simulation significantly improved PM performance on
      these tasks and eliminated the PM deficit caused by acute alcohol consumption.
      CONCLUSIONS: This is the first evidence that future event simulation can overcome
      alcohol-induced deficits in prospective memory and may have important clinical
      implications for the rehabilitation of chronic alcohol users.

PMID- 19967531
TI  - Acute stroke magnetic resonance imaging: current status and future perspective.
AB  - Cerebral stroke is one of the most frequent causes of permanent disability or
      death in the western world and a major burden in healthcare system. The major
      portion is caused by acute ischemia due to cerebral artery occlusion by a clot.
      The minority of strokes is related to intracerebral hemorrhage or other sources.
      To limit the permanent disability in ischemic stroke patients resulting from
      irreversible infarction of ischemic brain tissue, major efforts were made in the
      last decade. To extend the time window for thrombolysis, which is the only
      approved therapy, several imaging parameters in computed tomography and magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) have been investigated. However, the current guidelines
      neglect the fact that the portion of potentially salvageable ischemic tissue
      (penumbra) is not dependent on the time window but the individual collateral
      blood flow. Within the last years, the differentiation of infarct core and
      penumbra with MRI using diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and perfusion imaging
      (PI) with parameter maps was established. Current trials transform these
      technical advances to a redefined patient selection based on physiological
      parameters determined by MRI. This review article presents the current status of
      MRI for acute stroke imaging. A special focus is the ischemic stroke. In
      dependence on the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, the basic principle and
      diagnostic value of different MRI sequences are illustrated. MRI techniques for
      imaging of the main differential diagnoses of ischemic stroke are mentioned.
      Moreover, perspectives of MRI for imaging-based acute stroke treatment as well as
      monitoring of restorative stroke therapy from recent trials are discussed.

PMID- 19967532
TI  - Comparison of hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms between MR fluid dynamics
      using 3D cine phase-contrast MRI and MR-based computational fluid dynamics.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Hemodynamics is thought to play a very important role in the
      initiation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of our
      study was to compare hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms of MR fluid dynamics
      (MRFD) using 3D cine PC MR imaging (4D-Flow) at 1.5 T and MR-based computational
      fluid dynamics (CFD). METHODS: 4D-Flow was performed for five intracranial
      aneurysms by a 1.5 T MR scanner. 3D TOF MR angiography was performed for
      geometric information. The blood flow in the aneurysms was modeled using CFD
      simulation based on the finite element method. We used MR angiographic data as
      the vascular models and MR flow information as boundary conditions in CFD. 3D
      velocity vector fields, 3D streamlines, shearing velocity maps, wall shear stress
      (WSS) distribution maps and oscillatory shear index (OSI) distribution maps were
      obtained by MRFD and CFD and were compared. RESULTS: There was a moderate to high
      degree of correlation in 3D velocity vector fields and a low to moderate degree
      of correlation in WSS of aneurysms between MRFD and CFD using regression
      analysis. The patterns of 3D streamlines were similar between MRFD and CFD. The
      small and rotating shearing velocities and higher OSI were observed at the top of
      the spiral flow in the aneurysms. The pattern and location of shearing velocity
      in MRFD and CFD were similar. The location of high oscillatory shear index
      obtained by MRFD was near to that obtained by CFD. CONCLUSION: MRFD and CFD of
      intracranial aneurysms correlated fairly well.

PMID- 19967533
TI  - Clinical image. MR imaging of the spine in nonaccidental trauma.

PMID- 19967534
TI  - Estimated cumulative radiation dose from PET/CT in children with malignancies: a
      5-year retrospective review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The increasing use of serial PET/CT scans in the management of
      pediatric malignancies raises the important consideration of radiation exposure
      in children. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cumulative radiation dose from PET/CT
      studies to children with malignancy and to compare with the data in literature.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-eight clinical PET/CT studies performed
      on 78 patients (50 boys/28 girls, 1.3 to 18 years old from December 2002 to
      October 2007) were retrospectively reviewed under IRB approval. The whole-body
      effective dose (ED) estimates for each child were obtained by estimating the
      effective dose from each PET/CT exam performed using the ImPACT Patient Dosimetry
      Calculator for CT and OLINDA for PET. RESULTS: The average number of PET/CT
      studies was 3.2 per child (range: 1 to 14 studies). The average ED of an
      individual CT study was 20.3 mSv (range: 2.7 to 54.2), of PET study was 4.6 mSv
      (range: 0.4 to 7.7) and of PET/CT study was 24.8 mSv (range: 6.2 to 60.7). The
      average cumulative radiation dose per patient from CT studies was 64.4 mSv
      (range: 2.7 to 326), from PET studies was 14.5 mSv (range: 2.8 to 73) and from
      PET/CT studies was 78.9 mSv (range: 6.2 to 399). CONCLUSION: The radiation
      exposure from serial PET/CT studies performed in pediatric malignancies was
      considerable; however, lower doses can be used for both PET and CT studies. The
      ALARA principle must be applied without sacrificing diagnostic information.

PMID- 19967535
TI  - Therapeutic nuclear medicine expands to breast cancer.

PMID- 19967536
TI  - Comparison of spinal anatomy between 3-Tesla MRI and CT-myelography under healthy
      and pathological conditions.
AB  - PURPOSE: In many centres both MRI and CT-myelography are performed for treatment
      planning of degenerative spine disease. More and more centres acquire 3-Tesla MRI
      scanners in which some artefacts, which lead to difficulties in image evaluation,
      are more pronounced than at 1.5 Tesla. Aim of this study was to compare spinal
      physiological and pathological anatomy between 3-Tesla MRI and CT-myelography and
      to review current imaging standards. METHODS: In 47 spinal segments commonly used
      3-Tesla T2-weighted sequences and CT-myelography studies were evaluated
      retrospectively. Spinal canal, neural foraminal, spinal cord and disc protrusion
      diameters were measured. RESULTS: The spinal canal was found to be 10% tighter
      with the utilized MRI sequences, in comparison to CT-M and foraminal diameters
      were found to be 19.7% tighter in MRI. This was more pronounced in narrowed than
      in healthy segments. Spinal cord size and size of disc protrusions displayed no
      significant difference between MRI and CT-myelography. CONCLUSIONS: The main
      advantage of CT-myelography, in comparison to 3-Tesla MRI, is the reliable
      information about the bony structures. Soft tissues like the spinal cord or disc
      protrusions were visualised equivalently with both modalities concerning
      diameters.

PMID- 19967537
TI  - A phase II study of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus S-1 followed by
      chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of
      induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S-1 followed by chemoradiotherapy for
      locally advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Patients with locally advanced
      unresectable pancreatic cancer received four cycles of induction chemotherapy
      consisting of 30-min intravenous infusions of gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1
      and 8 and oral S-1 40 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle. Those
      without disease progression received chemoradiotherapy of 30 Gy in ten fractions
      with 250 mg/m(2) of gemcitabine on days 1 and 8. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients
      were treated. Median follow-up time was 431 days (range 133-1,014 days). Four
      cycles of induction chemotherapy were completed in 18 patients, and 16 patients
      received chemoradiotherapy, which was completed without delay in all. Grade 3-4
      toxicities associated with induction chemotherapy were neutropenia (50%); anemia
      (20%); thrombocytopenia (10%); febrile neutropenia (5%); nausea (10%); anorexia
      (10%); and vomiting, fatigue, dehydration, stomatitis, and rash (5%). Grade 3-4
      toxicities among those receiving chemoradiotherapy were neutropenia (13%) and
      anemia (6%). Median progression-free survival was 8.1 months. Median overall
      survival was 14.4 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 54.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The
      regimen of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S-1 followed by
      chemoradiotherapy used in the present study demonstrated promising activity in
      locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Further consideration of radiation schedule
      and duration of induction chemotherapy is required to enhance the efficacy of
      this strategy.

PMID- 19967538
TI  - Toxicity against gastric cancer cells by combined treatment with 5-fluorouracil
      and mitomycin c: implication in oxidative stress.
AB  - PURPOSE: Combined chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and mitomycin c (MMC) is
      clinically used for gastric cancer, but the precise conditions and molecular
      mechanism of these agents when used together remain unclear. We examined the
      administration sequence of combining 5FU with MMC to maximize toxicity against a
      human gastric cancer cell line, and then investigated the possible molecular
      mechanisms underlying the observed toxic effects. METHODS: Human gastric cancer
      MKN45 cells were treated with a combination of 5FU and MMC, and the changes in
      cell viability and apoptosis-related proteins were determined by a tetrazolium
      dye-based cytotoxicity assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. The
      intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored using a
      fluorescent probe or by a cytochrome c reduction assay. RESULTS: Pretreatment for
      24 h with 5FU augmented the toxic effect of MMC in MKN45 cells. The synergic
      effect was mediated mainly via ROS formation and the p53-dependent apoptotic
      pathway, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. In vitro
      experiments using extracts of the treated cells showed superoxide anion
      generation in a redox cycle of MMC, involving alterations in superoxide
      dismutase. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with 5FU enhanced the MMC-induced toxicity
      against gastric cancer cells via alterations in antioxidant enzymes with
      resulting ROS generation. This observation will need confirmation in the clinical
      setting.

PMID- 19967539
TI  - Relationship between exposure to sunitinib and efficacy and tolerability
      endpoints in patients with cancer: results of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
      meta-analysis.
AB  - PURPOSE: In this pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic meta-analysis, we investigated
      relationships between clinical endpoints and sunitinib exposure in patients with
      advanced solid tumors, including patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
      (GIST) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). METHODS: Pharmacodynamic data
      were available for 639 patients of whom 443 had pharmacokinetic data. Sunitinib
      doses ranged from 25 to 150 mg QD or QOD. Models to express endpoint values
      and/or changes from baseline by the highest-correlating exposure measures were
      developed in S-PLUS or NONMEM using fixed- and mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS:
      Tentative relationships were identified between (1) steady-state AUC of total
      drug (sunitinib + its active metabolite SU12662) and time to tumor progression
      (TTP), overall survival (OS), with AUC significantly associated with longer TTP
      and OS in patients with GIST and mRCC, and incidence, but not severity, of
      fatigue; (2) steady-state AUC of sunitinib and response probability, with AUC
      significantly associated with objective response in patients with mRCC and stable
      disease in patients with both mRCC and GIST (with no such correlations in
      patients with solid tumors); (3) dose and tumor size reductions; (4) total drug
      concentration and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), with a typical patient on
      sunitinib 50 mg QD (the recommended dose) predicted to experience a maximum DBP
      increase of 8 mmHg; and (5) cumulative AUC of total drug and absolute neutrophil
      count (ANC), with ANC reductions occurring predominantly after one treatment
      cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that increased
      exposure to sunitinib is associated with improved clinical outcomes (longer TTP,
      longer OS, greater chance of antitumor response), as well as some increased risk
      of adverse effects. A sunitinib 50-mg starting dose seems reasonable, providing
      clinical benefit with acceptably low risk of adverse events.

PMID- 19967540
TI  - [A comparative in vitro analysis of primary and immortalized keratocytes].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The cultivation of primary keratocytes (HCKp) is difficult and
      influenced by a multitude of factors. In this study it was examined if
      immortalized keratocytes (HCKi) can replace HCKp in experiments and be useful in
      the development of a cornea construct. METHODS: HCKp and HCKi were cultivated and
      incubated for 72 h with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) or cetrimide at
      concentrations of 40-0.1 microg/ml or 100-0.01 microg/ml. The vitality and the
      doubling time (tv) were measured. RESULTS: Treatment with 40 or 4 microg/ml BAC
      as well as 100 or 10 microg/ml cetrimide led to cell death. The tv was shortened
      in HCKi especially in cells that were treated with BAC, but only HCKp showed a
      significant loss of vitality. In cells treated with cetrimide the tv increased
      significantly in both cell lines and no loss of vitality was detected from 0.1
      microg/ml onwards in both cell lines. CONCLUSION: HCKi are more resistant and
      proliferative than HCKp but they can be used in preliminary experiments as an
      alternative to primary cells in for example toxicity studies if the detectable
      differences between the two cell lines, such as the capacity for proliferation
      and reaction to agents are taken into consideration.

PMID- 19967541
TI  - Multiple system degeneration with basophilic inclusions in Japanese ALS patients
      with FUS mutation.
AB  - Mutations in the fused in sarcoma gene (FUS) were recently found in patients with
      familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The present study aimed to clarify
      unique features of familial ALS caused by FUS mutation in the Japanese
      population. We carried out clinical, neuropathological, and genetic studies on a
      large Japanese pedigree with familial ALS. In six successive generations of this
      family, 16 individuals of both sexes were affected by progressive muscle atrophy
      and weakness, indicating an autosomal dominant trait. Neurological examination of
      six patients revealed an age at onset of 48.2+/-8.1 years in fourth generation
      patients, while it was 31 and 20 years in fifth and sixth generation patients,
      respectively. Motor paralysis progressed rapidly in these patients, culminating
      in respiratory failure within 1 year. The missense mutation c.1561 C>T (p.R521C)
      was found in exon 15 of FUS in the four patients examined. Neuropathological
      study of one autopsied case with the FUS mutation revealed multiple system
      degeneration in addition to upper and lower motor neuron involvement: the globus
      pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra, cerebellum, inferior olivary nucleus,
      solitary nucleus, intermediolateral horn, Clarke's column, Onuf's nucleus,
      central tegmental tract, medial lemniscus, medial longitudinal fasciculus,
      superior cerebellar peduncle, posterior column, and spinocerebellar tract were
      all degenerated. Argyrophilic and basophilic neuronal or glial cytoplasmic
      inclusions immunoreactive for FUS, GRP78/BiP, p62, and ubiquitin were detected in
      affected lesions. The FUS R521C mutation in this Japanese family caused familial
      ALS with pathological features of multiple system degeneration and neuronal
      basophilic inclusions.

PMID- 19967542
TI  - Gene expression analysis of the microvascular compartment in multiple sclerosis
      using laser microdissected blood vessels.
AB  - The blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by capillary endothelial cells with inter
      endothelial cell tight junctions and other cells such as pericytes and astrocytes
      present. Previous studies have shown a role for tight junction abnormalities in
      BBB leakage in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain. This marks a key stage in the
      development of inflammatory demyelination in MS. The aim of this study was to
      identify aberrantly expressed genes involved in BBB changes in MS lesions. A
      focused endothelial cell biology microarray, capable of detecting changes in
      expression of 113 endothelial cell-specific genes, was employed to analyse
      endothelial cell mRNA extracted from post-mortem control white matter, MS normal
      appearing white matter (NAWM), chronic active or inactive lesions by laser
      capture microdissection. Microarray analysis found 52 genes out of 113 analysed,
      predominantly in the activation functional group, to be differentially expressed
      in lesions compared to control or NAWM (p < 0.01). The majority of the
      differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real time PCR. In
      addition, the protein expression profiles of ICAM2, MMP2, and VEGFR1 were
      examined by immunofluorescent staining of selected tissue blocks. ICAM-2 was
      expressed at a higher level in chronic inactive lesions than control or NAWM,
      corresponding with the increased mRNA measured by microarray and real time PCR.
      The data shown, presenting a number of differentially expressed genes in the
      microvascular compartment of MS lesions, may shed light on the molecular
      mechanisms that are involved in the breakdown of the BBB. This moves us a step
      closer to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for repair of the
      compromised BBB.

PMID- 19967543
TI  - Nigropallidal iron accumulation in pantothenate kinase-associated
      neurodegeneration demonstrated by susceptibility-weighted imaging.

PMID- 19967544
TI  - Expression of resistin-like molecule beta in gastric cancer: its relationship
      with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.
AB  - Resistin-like molecule beta (RELMbeta), an intestinal goblet cell-specific
      protein, is a biomarker of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus and over
      expressed in colon cancer. Since gastric adenocarcinomas can arise through a
      process of intestinalization, we hypothesized that RELMbeta might be aberrantly
      expressed in gastric cancer. This study was undertaken to examine the RELMbeta
      expression in gastric cancer and correlate it with clinical outcome. One hundred
      and thirty-six gastric cancer patients were evaluated for the RELMbeta expression
      by immunohistochemistry. The RELMbeta transcripts were measured by real-time
      quantitative PCR. In normal gastric mucosa, RELMbeta expression was absent,
      whereas areas of intestinal metaplasia revealed RELMbeta reactivity. Eighty-nine
      patients of gastric cancer (65.4%) were positive for RELMbeta expression. In a
      subtotal of 20 patients, RELMbeta transcripts were positively correlated with
      protein levels in gastric cancer tissues, but absent in normal gastric mucosa.
      The expression rate of RELMbeta was higher in intestinal-type carcinomas than in
      diffuse-type carcinomas (P < 0.001). RELMbeta positivity in gastric cancer was
      positively correlated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.001) and inversely
      correlated with tumor infiltration (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P =
      0.035), and heparanase expression (P < 0.001), without correlation with age,
      gender, tumor location and size, tumor-node metastasis stages, and Ki-67
      expression. Patients showing positive RELMbeta expression had a significantly
      longer overall survival than those with negative expression (P = 0.001). These
      results provide evidences that the RELMbeta expression in gastric cancer is
      correlated with clinicopathological features and may be a useful prognostic
      factor for predicting the outcome of gastric cancer patients.

PMID- 19967545
TI  - Mutations in the C-terminus of the conserved NDR kinase, Cbk1p of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae, make the protein independent of upstream activators.
AB  - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RAM network is involved in cell separation after
      cytokinesis, cell integrity and cell polarity. The key function of this network
      is the regulation of the activity of the protein kinase Cbk1p, which is a member
      of the conserved NDR kinase family. Cbk1p function is controlled by its sub
      cellular localization and at least two phosphorylation events: an auto
      phosphorylation in the kinase domain (S570) and the phosphorylation of a C
      terminal hydrophobic motif by an upstream kinase (T743). After a UV mutagenesis,
      we have isolated 115 independent extragenic suppressors of four ram mutations:
      tao3, hym1, kic1 and sog2. Over 50% of the suppressors affect a single residue in
      Cbk1p (S745F), which is close to the phosphorylation site in the hydrophobic
      motif. Our results show that the CBK1-S745F allele leads to a constitutively
      active form of Cbk1p that is independent of the upstream RAM network. We
      hypothesize that the mutant Cbk1-S745Fp mimics the effect of the phosphorylation
      of T743.

PMID- 19967546
TI  - Does an interspinous device (Coflex) improve the outcome of decompressive surgery
      in lumbar spinal stenosis? One-year follow up of a prospective case control study
      of 60 patients.
AB  - A number of interspinous process devices have recently been introduced to the
      lumbar spinal market as an alternative to conventional surgical procedures in the
      treatment of symptomatic lumbar stenosis. One of those "dynamic" devices is the
      Coflex device which has been already implanted worldwide more than 14,000 times.
      The aim of implanting this interspinous device is to unload the facet joints,
      restore foraminal height and provide stability in order to improve the clinical
      outcome of surgery. Published information is limited, and there are so far no
      data of comparison between the implant and traditional surgical approaches such
      as laminotomy. The purpose of our prospective study is to evaluate the surgical
      outcome of decompressive surgery in comparison to decompressive surgery and
      additional implantation of the Coflex interspinous Device. 60 patients who were
      all treated in the Spine Center of Klinikum Neustadt, Germany for a one or two
      level symptomatic LSS with decompressive surgery were included. Two groups were
      built. In Group one (UD) we treated 30 patients with decompression surgery alone
      and group two (CO) in 30 patients a Coflex device was additional implanted. Pre-
      and postoperatively disability and pain scores were measured using the Oswestry
      disability index (ODI), the Roland-Morris score (RMS), the visual analogue scale
      (VAS) and the pain-free walking distance (WD). Patients underwent postoperative
      assessments 3, 6 and 12 month including the above-mentioned scores as well as
      patient satisfaction. In both groups we could see a significant improve (p <
      0.001) in the clinical outcome assessed in the ODI, in the RMS for evaluation of
      back pain, in the VAS and in the pain-free WD at all times of reinvestigation
      compared to base line. At 1-year follow up there were no statistically
      differences between both groups in all ascertained parameters including patient
      satisfaction and subjective operation decision. Because there is no current
      evidence of the efficacy of the Coflex device we need further data from
      randomized controlled studies for defining the indications for theses procedures.
      To the best of our knowledge this is the first prospective controlled study which
      compares surgical decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis with additional
      implanting of an interspinous Coflex device in the treatment of symptomatic LSS.

PMID- 19967547
TI  - Mesh plug repair and surgeon's satisfaction.

PMID- 19967548
TI  - Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on lens epithelial cell apoptosis in an
      experimental rat model.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies have revealed a higher incidence of cataracts in estrogen
      deprived postmenopausal women, although the pathogenic mechanism has not yet been
      elucidated. Apoptosis of lens epithelial cells has been associated with
      cataractogenesis. The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the
      effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on lens epithelial cell apoptosis in
      an experimental rat model. Forty female Wistar rats were randomized into four
      groups: ERT (17beta-estradiol, 10 microg/kg/day) for 3 months without ovariectomy
      (group 1) and with ovariectomy (group 2); only ovariectomy (group 3); sham
      operated (group 4). At the end of the third month, all rats were sacrificed in
      estrous cycle, as determined by the vaginal smear test, and their right eyes were
      enucleated. Enucleated eyes were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods for the
      expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end
      (TUNEL), caspase-3, and bcl-2 labeling. The TUNEL, caspase-3, and bcl-2 staining
      scores were found to increase in group 3 rats following the ovariectomy compared
      to the sham-operated group. The ERT decreased these scores in rats with or
      without the ovariectomy; however, these differences were not statistically
      significant. These data suggest that estrogen does not significantly affect lens
      epithelial cell apoptosis. Further studies are needed to gain a better
      understanding of the protective mechanism of estrogen and to provide new ideas
      for the treatment and prevention of cataract.

PMID- 19967549
TI  - Potential role of calcineurin in pathogenic conditions.
AB  - Since its initial discovery as Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine
      protein phosphatase, calcineurin (CaN) has been extensively studied in many
      mammalian tissues. CaN has been shown to be involved in various biological and
      Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways. Over the last decade, our
      laboratory has been interested and has carried out numerous experiments on this
      specific protein phosphatase. While, a lot of research has been performed
      studying CaN's involvement in ischemia, the immune system, and various mammalian
      tissues, not much is known about the potential role of CaN in various eye
      diseases. This review focuses on the studies that have been carried out in our
      laboratory on CaN, and specifically CaN's involvement in the eye. We demonstrated
      that CaN is localized in various eye tissues (cornea, iris, ciliary body,
      vitreous body, retina, choroid, sclera, and optic nerve) and that both its
      protein expression and activity were observed in high amounts in the retina,
      optic nerve and cornea. Recently, we have cloned and characterized the CaN A and
      B subunits in the bovine retina. These initial findings suggest that CaN may play
      a potential role in visual transduction and various ocular diseases, including
      cancer.

PMID- 19967550
TI  - High FFA-induced proliferation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial
      cell partly through Wnt/beta-catenin signal pathway.
AB  - Free fatty acids (FFA)-induced proliferation and apoptosis was studied in human
      umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A recombinant adenovirus containing a
      RNAi cassette targeting the GSK-3beta gene was produced and its silencing effect
      on GSK-3beta gene was detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry
      assay in HUVECs. The effect of the RNAi on the protein level of beta-catenin was
      explored by transfecting the RNAi adenovirus to inhibit the expression of GSK
      3beta protein. The subsequent effect on the Wnt/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signal
      pathway and on proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs cultured with FFAs, was
      analyzed by BrdU assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit, and 4',6
      diamidino-2- phenylindole(DAPI) to explore the possible connection between the
      signaling pathway and FFA-induced proliferation and apoptosis. The Western blot
      results showed that the expression of GSK-3beta protein in HUVECs could be
      inhibited efficiently by the RNAi adenovirus, and that the protein level of beta
      catenin was increased by RNAi adenovirus transfection. The results of the BrdU
      assay suggested that knockdown of GSK-3beta with the RNAi adenovirus may
      stimulate the proliferation of HUVECs. Apoptosis was observed in HUVECs exposed
      to FFAs (0.75 mmol/L) for 72 h, and this effect could be partly reversed when
      interfering with the RNAi adenovirus. It may be concluded that the RNAi
      adenovirus specific to GSK-3beta may partly protect HUVECs from apoptosis induced
      by FFAs, probably through the up-regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signal
      pathway.

PMID- 19967551
TI  - Novel syntaxin 11 gene (STX11) mutation in three Argentinean patients with
      hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening
      disease with major diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties, basically comprising
      two different conditions: primary and secondary forms. Recent advances regarding
      molecular diagnosis may be useful to distinguish from one another, especially in
      sporadic cases starting in early infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this report,
      we evaluated three Argentinean patients with clinical suspicion of HLH, but
      without family history. We excluded mutations in the perforin gene but identified
      in the three patients a novel homozygous deletion (c. 581_584delTGCC;
      p.Leu194ProfsX2) in the gene-encoding syntaxin 11 (STX11), causing a premature
      termination codon. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Each parent from the three unrelated
      families resulted heterozygous for this deletion confirming the diagnosis of
      familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 4. Patients shared the same
      single-nucleotide polymorphism profile in STX11 gene, and genotyping at ten
      microsatellites surrounding this gene support the presence of a single-haplotype
      block carrying the novel mutation.

PMID- 19967552
TI  - Chronic inflammatory bowel disease as key manifestation of atypical ARTEMIS
      deficiency.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: We describe a girl presenting at age 6 years with a history of
      chronic ulcerating intestinal inflammation since 9 months of age. She exhibited a
      severe, steroid-dependent clinical course of intestinal inflammation over several
      years in the absence of serious infections. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
      Immunodeficiency was first considered at 6 years of age due to chronic
      lymphopenia. Immunophenotyping revealed low B and T cell counts with few naive T
      cells, a skewed TCR repertoire, and TCR gamma/delta T cell predominance,
      suggesting a defect of lymphocyte development. Genetic and functional analyses
      identified a hypomorphic mutation in the DCLRE1C (ARTEMIS) gene compromising
      V(D)J recombination efficiency, but allowing residual T and B cell development.
      Hematopoetic stem cell transplantation reconstituted the lymphocyte compartment
      and cured the inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSION: This report illustrates
      that a genetic disorder of lymphocyte development can present with chronic
      inflammatory bowel disease as the dominant phenotype in the absence of severe
      infection susceptibility.

PMID- 19967553
TI  - Dipropionylcysteine ethyl ester compensates for loss of citric acid cycle
      intermediates during post ischemia reperfusion in the pig heart.
AB  - PURPOSE: During reperfusion, following myocardial ischemia, uncompensated loss of
      citric acid cycle (CAC) intermediates may impair CAC flux and energy
      transduction. Propionate has an anaplerotic effect when converted to the CAC
      intermediate succinyl-CoA, and may improve contractile recovery during
      reperfusion. Antioxidant therapy with N-acetylcysteine decreases reperfusion
      injury. To synergize the antioxidant effects of cysteine with the anaplerotic
      effects of propionate, we synthesized a novel bi-functional compound, N,S
      dipropionyl cysteine ethyl ester (DPNCE) and tested its anaplerotic and anti
      oxidative capacity in anesthetized pigs. METHODS: Ischemia was induced by a 70%
      reduction in left anterior descending coronary artery flow for one hour, followed
      by 1 h of reperfusion. After 30 min of ischemia and throughout reperfusion
      animals were treated with saline or intravenous DPNCE (1.5 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1),
      n = 8/group). Arterial concentrations and myocardial propionate, cysteine, free
      fatty acids, glucose and lactate uptakes, cardiac mechanical functions,
      myocardial content of CAC intermediates and oxidative stress were assessed.
      RESULTS: Ischemia resulted in reduction in myocardial tissue concentration of CAC
      intermediates. DPNCE treatment elevated arterial propionate and cysteine
      concentrations and myocardial propionate uptake, and increased myocardial
      concentrations of citrate, succinate, fumarate, and malate compared to saline
      treated animals. DPNCE treatment did not affect blood pressure or myocardial
      contractile function, but increased arterial free fatty acid concentration and
      myocardial fatty acid uptake. Arterial cysteine concentration was elevated by
      DPNCE, but there was negligible myocardial cysteine uptake, and no change in
      markers of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: DPNCE elevated arterial cysteine and
      propionate, and increased myocardial concentration of CAC intermediates, but did
      not affect mechanical function or oxidative stress.

PMID- 19967554
TI  - Vitrification of mouse embryos at 2-cell, 4-cell and 8-cell stages by cryotop
      method.
AB  - PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of
      vitrification on the preimplantation developmental competence of mouse 2-cell, 4
      cell and 8-cell stage embryos. METHODS: Mouse 2-cell, 4-cell and 8-cell stage
      embryos were cryopreserved using the cryotop vitrification method and
      subsequently warmed on a later date. The embryos were then assessed by their
      morphology, blastocyst formation and hatching rates. Additionally, trophectoderm
      (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) cell numbers were compared in hatched blastocysts
      from the control and experimental groups. RESULTS: Vitrified embryos at the 2
      cell, 4-cell and 8-cell stages appeared morphologically normal after warming. The
      overall survival rate of vitrified embryos at various stages after warming was
      96.7% and there were no significant differences among 2-cell stage (96.0%), 4
      cell stage (96.8%) and 8-cell stage (97.1%) embryos (P > 0.05). The blastocyst
      formation rate (69.4%) and hatching rate (52.6%) of vitrified 2-cell embryos were
      significantly lower than that from the control group and vitrified 8-cell embryos
      (P < 0.05). In the vitrified 4-cell embryo group, the blastocyst formation rate
      (90.3%) was similar to the 8-cell group (91.2%), but the hatching rate (60.0%)
      was significantly lower than that of the non-vitrified control ( 84.1%) and
      vitrified 8-cell embryo (78.4%) groups (P < 0.05). When further development to
      the fully hatched blastocyst stage was compared, hatched blastocysts derived from
      vitrified 2-cell, 4-cell and 8-cell embryos had significantly lower cell counts
      both in the ICM and TE, as compared to fresh blastocysts (P < 0.05). Among the
      vitrified 2-cell, 4-cell and 8-cell embryo groups, there were no significant
      differences in the cell counts of ICM and TE (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although
      cryotop vitrification was suitable for the cryopreservation of mouse embryos from
      the 2-cell stage, 4-cell stage and 8-cell stage without significant loss of
      survival, vitrification had an adverse effect on the development of 2-cell
      embryos. Mouse embryos at the 8-cell stage had the best tolerance for
      vitrification and would yield the highest level of post-vitrification
      developmental competence among early cleavage stage embryos. Nevertheless, it is
      unclear how these findings can be extrapolated to human embryos.

PMID- 19967555
TI  - Vitrification of human embryos subjected to blastomere biopsy for pre
      implantation genetic screening produces higher survival and pregnancy rates than
      slow freezing.
AB  - PURPOSE: Cryopreservation of blastocysts, especially those subjected to the
      trauma due to blastomere biopsy for the purposes of pre-implantation genetic
      screening (PGS), requires significant optimization. Laboratory and clinical
      outcomes were compared to determine the effect of two different cryopreservation
      techniques on the development of human pre-implantation embryos that underwent
      blastomere biopsy and blastocoel drainage prior to cryopreservation. DESIGN:
      Retrospective clinical study. PATIENT(S): Women who requested cryotransfer of
      supernumerary blastocysts were analyzed by FISH. RESULTS: The main outcome
      measures were post-thaw survival (SR), pregnancy (PR), and implantation (IR). The
      SR of slowly frozen blastocysts was 83% compared to 97% for vitrified
      blastocysts. In 160 cases where biopsied embryos were cryotransferred, the
      results for slowly frozen versus vitrified blastocysts were: SR (71% vs. 95%), PR
      (23% vs. 37%), and IR (26% vs. 36%, P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: The
      results revealed that vitrified blastocysts provided higher SR, PR and IR as
      compared to slowly frozen counterparts.

PMID- 19967556
TI  - Modeling the relationship between circulating tumour cells number and prognosis
      of metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Circulating tumor cell (CTC) count has been shown to be an independent predictor
      of progression in metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. A cutpoint
      is generally used to identify favorable and unfavorable response groups. In this
      study, we propose an approach in which the number of CTCs is analyzed as a
      continuous predictor, to detect the shape of the relationship between CTCs and
      prognosis of metastatic breast cancer. We evaluated the association of baseline
      CTC with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a series of
      80 patients treated for advanced breast cancer at the European Institute of
      Oncology, Milan. The association between CTCs and prognosis was analyzed with
      standard categorical survival analysis and spline regression models. At baseline,
      median age was 55 years; 33 patients were newly diagnosed with metastatic breast
      cancer (41%), while 28 (35%) and 19 (24%) were pretreated with one and two
      previous chemotherapy lines, respectively. After a median follow-up of 28 months,
      76 disease progressions and 44 deaths were observed. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a
      clear association between CTCs and PFS (P-value 0.03) and OS (P-value < 0.01).
      Patients with no CTC at baseline had a significantly better prognosis. When
      analyzing the CTCs as a continuous variable, we found an increase in risk with
      increasing number of CTCs, for both PFS and OS. The increase rate lessened after
      approximately 5 CTCs. CTCs represent a robust prognostic factor in the metastatic
      breast cancer setting. A nonlinear increase in risk of both progression and death
      with increasing number of CTCs was observed, with a lessening increase after
      approximately 5 CTCs. If distinct prognostic groups are to be identified, women
      with no CTC could plausibly represent a distinct favorable one.

PMID- 19967557
TI  - A gene expression signature that predicts the therapeutic response of the basal
      like breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
AB  - Several gene expression profiles have been reported to predict breast cancer
      response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These studies often consider breast cancer
      as a homogeneous entity, although higher rates of pathologic complete response
      (pCR) are known to occur within the basal-like subclass. We postulated that
      profiles with higher predictive accuracy could be derived from a subset analysis
      of basal-like tumors in isolation. Using a previously described "intrinsic"
      signature to differentiate breast tumor subclasses, we identified 50 basal-like
      tumors from two independent clinical trials associated with gene expression
      profile data. 24 tumor data sets were derived from a 119-patient neoadjuvant
      trial at our institution and an additional 26 tumor data sets were identified
      from a published data set (Hess et al. J Clin Oncol 24:4236-4244, 2006). The
      combined 50 basal-like tumors were partitioned to form a 37 sample training set
      with 13 sequestered for validation. Clinical surveillance occurred for a mean of
      26 months. We identified a 23-gene profile which predicted pCR in basal-like
      breast cancers with 92% predictive accuracy in the sequestered validation data
      set. Furthermore, distinct cluster of patients with high rates of cancer
      recurrence was observed based on cluster analysis with the 23-gene signature.
      Disease-free survival analysis of these three clusters revealed significantly
      reduced survival in the patients of this high recurrence cluster. We identified a
      23-gene signature which predicts response of basal-like breast cancer to
      neoadjuvant chemotherapy as well as disease-free survival. This signature is
      independent of tissue collection method and chemotherapeutic regimen.

PMID- 19967558
TI  - A randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCIC CTG MAP1) examining the effects of
      letrozole on mammographic breast density and other end organs in postmenopausal
      women.
AB  - Mammographically detected breast density has been correlated with breast cancer
      risk. Breast density appears to be influenced by hormonal factors including
      increasing age, postmenopausal status, number of pregnancies, lower body weight,
      hormone replacement therapy, and tamoxifen therapy. The aromatase inhibitor
      letrozole profoundly reduces breast and circulating estrogen levels in
      postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that letrozole may reduce breast density and
      report here on its effects on mammographic breast density, bone mineral density
      (BMD), bone biomarkers, plasma hormone, and serum lipid levels. MAP1 was a
      multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, feasibility trial in
      which postmenopausal women with or without prior invasive breast cancer were
      randomized in a 2:1 ratio of letrozole (2.5 mg daily) or placebo for 12 months
      and followed for a total of 24 months. Eligible women had an estimated >25%
      breast density on baseline mammogram. The primary endpoint was change in percent
      breast density (PD) between the baseline and 12-month mammograms as estimated by
      a computer-assisted thresholding program. Baseline and 12-month mammographic
      density was also assessed in a blinded manner by visual inspection. Secondary
      endpoints included changes in serum hormones, plasma lipid levels, bone
      biomarkers, and BMD. Data are available for 67 women (44 on letrozole and 23 on
      placebo). No significant changes in PD were noted between the treatment arms at
      either 12 or 24 months. No distinguishable difference in density measurements by
      visual inspection were noted between baseline and 12-month mammograms. A
      significant decrease in percentage change in T-score of the femoral neck at 12
      months was noted in the letrozole arm without other significant changes in BMD
      parameters. Lipid values did not differ between treatment groups except for a
      borderline significant decrease in total cholesterol at 3 months among women
      treated with letrozole. Letrozole therapy was associated with a significant
      reduction in mean serum estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate levels at 12
      months, but not at 24 months. A significant increase in serum IGF-1 levels was
      also noted in the letrozole group compared to the placebo group at both 12 and 24
      months. To conclude, compared with placebo, 12 months of letrozole therapy does
      not appear to have a significant effect on mammographic PD. Twelve months of
      letrozole was associated with a decrease of uncertain clinical significance in
      the T-score of the femoral neck at 12 months which was reversible at 24 months
      with recovery of estrogen levels. Letrozole therapy was found to increase IGF-1
      levels at 12 and 24 months.

PMID- 19967559
TI  - Transcriptional modulation of BCRP gene to reverse multidrug resistance by
      toremifene in breast adenocarcinoma cells.
AB  - Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), an ATP-binding cassette half
      transporter, confers multidrug resistance (MDR) to a series of antitumor agents
      such as mitoxantrone, daunorubicin, SN-38, and topotecan, and often limits the
      efficacy of chemotherapy. Recent studies have indicated that a putative estrogen
      response element (ERE) is located in the promoter region of the BCRP gene.
      However, whether and how BCRP is regulated transcriptionally by toremifene (TOR)
      remains unknown. In the present study, two plasmid vectors have been designed to
      express the wild-type full-length BCRP cDNA enforced driven by its endogenous
      promoter containing a functional ERE and a constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV)
      promoter as control, respectively, which were transfected into estrogen
      responsive MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma
      cell lines. We showed that toremifene alone significantly downregulated BCRP mRNA
      and protein levels in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive MCF-7 cells in a
      dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect was partially reversed by
      estrone (E(1)). Furthermore, gel shift assays demonstrated that specific binding
      of ERalpha to the ERE in the BCRP promoter is essential for transcriptional
      inhibition of BCRP by toremifene. Interestingly, toremifene alone increased the
      cellular accumulation of mitoxantrone in BCRP-transfected cells, suggesting that
      TOR indeed inhibits BCRP-mediated drug efflux and overcome drug resistance. To
      the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a direct effect of
      toremifene on BCRP. Our results thus indicate that toremifene by itself
      downregulates BCRP expression to reverse BCRP-mediated atypical multidrug
      resistance via a novel transcriptionally mechanism, which might be involved in
      TOR-ER complexes binding to the ERE of BCRP promoter to repress transcription of
      BCRP gene.

PMID- 19967560
TI  - Applicability of the Gail model for breast cancer risk assessment in Turkish
      female population and evaluation of breastfeeding as a risk factor.

PMID- 19967561
TI  - Prediction of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction with longitudinal two
      dimensional strain and strain rate imaging in patients with mitral stenosis.
AB  - Longitudinal two-dimensional strain deformation is a novel technique which
      evaluates global and regional left ventricular (LV) function with high
      reproducibility. The aim of the study was to investigate the global and regional
      systolic function using this method in patients with pure mitral stenosis (MS).
      Conventional echocardiography and longitudinal two-dimensional strain analysis
      were performed in 60 patients (41 +/- 5 years, 48 women) with mild to moderate MS
      (mitral valve area: 1.9 +/- 0.5 cm(2)), and 52 healthy controls (40 +/- 7 years,
      37 women). For strain analysis standard apical views were obtained, and by using
      a software system peak systolic strain and strain rate were calculated off-line
      in each segment. In all, 88% of the segments could be optimally tracked by the
      software system. Despite normal LV systolic function as assessed by ejection
      fraction (66 +/- 8%), mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global
      longitudinal strain rate (GLSR) were significantly reduced in patients with
      isolated MS (GLS -17 +/- 3.3 vs. -19 +/- 2.5%, P = 0.006 and GLSR -1.3 +/- 0.3
      vs. -1.5 +/- 0.3 s(-1), P < 0.0001). Regional analysis demonstrated that patients
      with MS had a significantly reduced longitudinal peak strain and strain rate in
      all basal, and some mid (inferior, anteroseptal, interventricular septum)
      segments of the left ventricle. For other segments longitudinal peak strain and
      strain rate values were similar among the groups. Evaluation of LV systolic
      function by longitudinal two-dimensional strain deformation identified early
      abnormalities in MS patients who had apparently normal standard systolic
      function.

PMID- 19967562
TI  - Reduction in downstream test utilization following introduction of coronary
      computed tomography in a cardiology practice.
AB  - To compare utilization of non-invasive ischemic testing, invasive coronary
      angiography (ICA), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures before
      and after introduction of 64-slice multi-detector row coronary computed
      tomographic angiography (CCTA) in a large urban primary and consultative
      cardiology practice. We utilized a review of electronic medical records (NotesMD)
      and the electronic practice management system (Megawest) encompassing a 4-year
      period from 2004 to 2007 to determine the number of exercise treadmill (TME),
      supine bicycle exercise echocardiography (SBE), single photon emission computed
      tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion stress imaging (MPI), coronary calcium
      score (CCS), CCTA, ICA, and PCI procedures performed annually. Test utilization
      in the 2 years prior to and 2 years following availability of CCTA were compared.
      Over the 4-year period reviewed, the annual utilization of ICA decreased 45%
      (2,083 procedures in 2004 vs. 1,150 procedures in 2007, P < 0.01) and the
      percentage of ICA cases requiring PCI increased (19% in 2004 vs. 28% in 2007, P <
      0.001). SPECT MPI decreased 19% (3,223 in 2004 vs. 2,614 in 2007 P < 0.02) and
      exercise stress treadmill testing decreased 49% (471 in 2004 vs. 241 in 2007 P <
      0.02). Over the same period, there were no significant changes in measures of
      practice volume (office and hospital) or the annual incidence of PCI (405 cases
      in 2004 vs. 326 cases in 2007) but a higher percentage of patients with
      significant disease undergoing PCI 19% in 2004 vs. 29% in 2007 P < 0.01.
      Implementation of CCTA resulted in a significant decrease in ICA and a
      corresponding significant increase in the percentage of ICA cases requiring PCI,
      indicating that CCTA resulted in more accurate referral for ICA. The reduction in
      unnecessary ICA is associated with avoidance of potential morbidity and mortality
      associated with invasive diagnostic testing, reduction of downstream SPECT MPI
      and TME as well as substantial savings in health care dollars.

PMID- 19967563
TI  - The effect of n-3 fatty acids on bone biomarkers in Iranian postmenopausal
      osteoporotic women: a randomized clinical trial.
AB  - Recently, n-3 fatty acids are in the center of attention for their potent anti
      inflammatory effects. Osteoporosis as a chronic senile disease is associated with
      inflammation, and the role of inflammatory mediators has been demonstrated in
      recent years. The beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids on bone were proven in
      many animal studies, while to date, no conclusive data is available in human. The
      aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of n-3 fatty acids on bone
      biomarkers in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Twenty-five osteoporotic
      postmenopausal women were recruited in the study and randomized in treatment and
      control groups. The patients received 900 mg n-3 fatty acid capsules or placebo
      per day for 6 months. Serum levels of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase
      (BALP), calcium, vitamin D, and parathormone and urine concentration of
      pyridinoline (Pyd) were measured at baseline, second month, and sixth month in
      both groups. In the treatment group, compared with baseline, at the second month,
      osteocalcin increased slightly; thereafter, it showed decrement trend until the
      end of the study. In the control group, it decreased all over the study. None of
      these changes was significant. BALP showed nonsignificant decrease from baseline
      over the time in both groups. Urine level of Pyd decreased significantly (P <
      0.05) in the treatment group, while no significant change was seen in the control
      group. Serum calcium and vitamin D increased in both groups; however, changes
      were not significant. No significant changes were seen in calcium clearance and
      parathormone. In conclusion, n-3 fatty acids can decrease bone resorption;
      however, it could not affect bone formation significantly after 6 months
      treatment. Further investigations are recommended.

PMID- 19967564
TI  - Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a surgeon's initial experience with
      56 consecutive cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We describe the results of a single surgeon's initial experience with
      single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy through his first 56 cases and
      provide a brief literature review on the development of this technique. METHODS:
      Through a 2-cm vertical transumbilical incision, three 5-mm ports were placed
      using the Veress technique. One extracorporeal suture was utilized to provide
      cephalad retraction of the fundus, and a roticulating instrument grasping the
      infundibulum provided lateral retraction. The hilum was dissected, and the cystic
      duct and artery were clipped and divided. One 5-mm port was upgraded to a 10-mm
      port to allow the introduction of a retrieval bag, and the gallbladder was
      removed from the abdomen. RESULTS: Of 56 patients, 54 successfully underwent a
      single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two patients required conversion to
      either a conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open cholecystectomy. The
      average age was 41 years (18-77) and the average BMI, 30.2 kg/m(2) (18.5-44.6).
      Mean operative time was 80 min (41-186). Length of stay was 0.3 days (0-2). The
      complication rate was 3/56 (5.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that single
      incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective alternative to four
      port laparoscopic cholecystectomy that provides surgeons with an alternative
      minimally invasive surgical option and the ability to hide the surgical incision
      within the umbilicus.

PMID- 19967565
TI  - Crossed cerebellar diaschisis in status epilepticus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) has been reported on positron
      emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography of stroke
      patients. Rarely it has been described with brain diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) of
      status epilepticus (SE). METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 53-year-old woman was
      found unresponsive after cocaine use. A diagnostic electroencephalogram was
      consistent with ictal SE. A brain DWI showed reduced diffusion in the left
      temporo-parietal and occipital cortexes, the left thalamus and the right
      cerebellum. The DWI changes did not correspond to a vascular territory and were
      attributed to seizure activity and secondary CCD. A 2-week follow-up DWI showed
      interval near-complete resolution of the diffusion changes. CCD in SE may
      represent injury caused by excessive neuronal transmission from prolonged
      excitatory synaptic activity via the cortico-pontine-cerebellar pathway.
      Alternatively, it may be a result of interruption of the cortico-pontine
      cerebellar pathway with loss of cortical inhibitory input. CONCLUSION: This case
      documents CCD during SE, providing further evidence of contralateral cerebellar
      involvement with a supratentorial epileptiform focus.

PMID- 19967566
TI  - Moderate Hypoglycemia is associated with vasospasm, cerebral infarction, and 3
      month disability after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many ICUs have implemented protocols for tight glucose control, but
      there are few data on hypoglycemia and neurologic outcomes in patients with
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: We prospectively ascertained 172 patients
      with SAH, who were treated according to a standard protocol for target glucose 80
      110 mg/dl. Outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 14
      days, 28 days, and 3 months. RESULTS: Worse neurologic injury at admission (P <
      0.001) and a history of diabetes (P = 0.002) were associated with increased
      glucose variance. There was lower nadir glucose in patients with radiographic
      cerebral infarction (81 +/- 15 vs. 87 +/- 16 mg/dl, P = 0.02), symptomatic
      vasospasm (78 +/- 12 vs. 84 +/- 16 mg/dl, P = 0.04) and angiographic vasospasm
      (79 +/- 14 vs. 86 +/- 16 mg/dl, P = 0.01), but maximum and mean glucose values
      were not different. Glucose < 80 mg/dl was earlier and more frequent in patients
      with worse functional outcome at 3 months (P < 0.001). Progressive reductions in
      nadir glucose were associated with increasing functional disability at 3 months
      (P = 0.001) after accounting for neurologic grade and mean glucose. Severe
      hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dl) occurred in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with
      SAH, nadir glucose < 80 mg/dl is associated with cerebral infarction, vasospasm,
      and worse functional outcomes in multivariate models. Protocols for target
      glucose 80-110 mg/dl effectively control hyperglycemia, but may place patients
      with SAH at risk for vasospasm, cerebral infarction, and poor outcome even when
      severe hypoglycemia does not occur.

PMID- 19967567
TI  - Prothrombin complex concentrates for oral anticoagulant therapy-related
      intracranial hemorrhage: a review of the literature.
AB  - Warfarin-related intracranial hemorrhage carries a high mortality and poor
      neurological outcome. Rapid reversal of coagulopathy is a cornerstone of medical
      therapy to halt bleeding progression; however the optimal approach remains
      undefined. Prothrombin complex concentrates have promising features that may
      rapidly reverse coagulopathy, but remain relatively unstudied. We aim to review
      the literature regarding the use of prothrombin complex concentrates in patients
      with warfarin-related intracranial hemorrhage. A comprehensive review of the
      literature was conducted using PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify
      the use of PCC in patients with warfarin-related intracranial hemorrhage. The
      characteristics abstracted included the type of PCC, dosing, study design, type
      of intracranial hemorrhage, changes in the INR, and adverse effects. Prothrombin
      complex concentrates are heterogeneous in regards to factor concentration. PCC
      consistently reversed the INR in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. There is
      some evidence that PCC may reverse the INR more rapidly compared to fresh frozen
      plasma. Serious adverse effects were uncommon and included mainly
      thromboembolism. PCC has features which make it a promising therapy for patients
      with warfarin-related intracranial hemorrhage, and deserves more rigorous study
      in prospective-randomized controlled trials.

PMID- 19967568
TI  - CSF neutrophils are implicated in the development of vasospasm in subarachnoid
      hemorrhage.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cerebral vasospasm is a significant cause of morbidity in patients
      after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). There are few effective
      treatments. The search for new treatments has focused predominantly on dilating
      cerebral blood vessels. Growing evidence supports a role for inflammation in its
      pathogenesis but no potential target for intervention has emerged. METHODS: CSF
      and clinical information from patients with aSAH were collected. Additionally,
      tyrosine modifications by stable isotope dilution HPLC with online tandem mass
      spectrometry were quantified in CSF samples. RESULTS: We report an association
      between neutrophil accumulation in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aSAH
      and the development of vasospasm. In particular, CSF neutrophil content of >62%
      on the third day after aSAH is an independent predictor of the later development
      of vasospasm (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.0-23.3, P = 0.002). Further, activity of
      myeloperoxidase and NADPH oxidase is elevated in aSAH suggesting a role for
      modification of CSF proteins by reactive oxidant species. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil
      percentage is an independent predictor of vasospasm in aSAH patients, days prior
      to its onset suggesting a role of neutrophils in vasospasm. The activity of
      neutrophil enzymes is also increased suggesting a mechanism for blood vessel
      damage. Inflammation mediated by neutrophils is a potential target for therapies
      in vasospasm. More study is necessary to determine the mechanism by which
      neutrophils damage cerebral blood vessels.

PMID- 19967569
TI  - Weekly docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil as a preoperative treatment for
      gastric cancer patients with synchronous multiple hepatic metastases: a pilot
      study.
AB  - This pilot study was undertaken to assess the effect of weekly docetaxel,
      cisplatin and fluorouracil (DCF) as a preoperative treatment for gastric cancer
      with multiple synchronous hepatic metastases. Gastric cancer patients with
      synchronous multiple liver metastasis were first given preoperative chemotherapy
      consisting of two courses (each course consisted of 6-week administration and 2
      week withdrawal) of weekly DCF regimen. Following the operation, postoperative
      chemotherapy and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) treatment were performed as
      required. Eight patients completed two courses of preoperative chemotherapy with
      weekly DCF regimen. No toxicity of grade 3 or more was observed during the course
      of chemotherapy. The response rate was 100% according to the RECIST criteria.
      Seven of the patients have survived for over 1 year, and six of them are still
      alive after more than 1 year. Because of the unexpected high response to weekly
      DCF, we consider that it should be verified through phase II and III trials as an
      important part of the comprehensive treatment for gastric cancer with liver
      metastasis.

PMID- 19967570
TI  - Port central venous catheters-associated bloodstream infection during outpatient
      based chemotherapy.
AB  - Central venous catheters (CVCs) are commonly used for the administration of
      intravenous chemotherapy in outpatient setting. Nevertheless, outbreaks of
      catheter-associated bloodstream infections had been reported from oncology
      centers. We describe a large outbreak of CVCs-associated Klebsiella oxytoca
      bloodstream infection, occurring in an oncology chemotherapy outpatient unit of
      northern Greece between October 2006 and May 2007. The outbreak involved
      approximately 10% of the patients with CVCs who were receiving home-based
      chemotherapy, and it represents the second larger outbreak of CVCs-associated
      BSIs due to Klebsiella oxytoca in oncology outpatient centers. We retrospectively
      analyzed the chain of investigations and prophylactic/diagnostic measures taken
      to eradicate the infection: (1) patients' chart audit, (2) estimation of the
      infection among asymptomatic patients, (3) implementation of the level of
      awareness of medical and paramedical personnel, (4) collection of samples from
      environment, medications and infusion materials, (5) critical appraisal of
      chemotherapeutical schemes and (6) cooperation with peripheral institutions. The
      isolation of Klebsiella oxytoca in a chemotherapy solution (infusional 5-FU in
      dextrose 5% solution within a 48 h pump) from a peripheral General Hospital and
      the prompt transmission of the data to the chemotherapy center played a key role
      for the management of the infection cluster. This is the first report that
      evidenced the detection of Klebsiella oxytoca within a chemotherapeutical
      preparation. Data transmission from peripheral hospitals to the central
      institution resulted in an important feedback that allowed a better estimation of
      the infection cluster and more tailored actions for the eradication of the
      infection.

PMID- 19967571
TI  - Decreased expression of KLF6 and its significance in gastric carcinoma.
AB  - To study the expression of the Kruppel-like transcription factor 6 (KLF6) in
      human gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa tissues, and to explore the
      role of KLF6 in the carcinogenesis and tumor progression and its clinical
      significance. Expression of KLF6, P21WAF1 and PCNA was investigated by
      immunohistochemistry for 69 surgically resected gastric carcinoma tissues and
      corresponding normal gastric mucosa tissues, respectively. The correlations of
      KLF6 expression with clinicopathological characteristics, P21WAF1 and PCNA were
      examined. Positive-expression of KLF6 was 64 out of 69 cases (92.8%) in normal
      gastric mucosa and only 23 cases (33.3%) in gastric carcinoma. Expression of KLF6
      in the gastric carcinoma was remarkably lower than normal gastric mucosa.
      Decreased expression of KLF6 in gastric carcinoma was significantly associated
      with histological differentiation (P<0.01), TNM stage (P<0.05), lymph node
      metastasis (P<0.01) and distant metastasis (P<0.05). There was no significant
      correlation between KLF6 expression and sex, age. Meanwhile, expression of KLF6
      was associated with expression of P21WAF1 in both normal gastric mucosa and
      gastric carcinoma (P<0.05). In addition, decreased expression of KLF6 in gastric
      carcinoma was positively associated with PCNA level (r=0.719, P<0.01) by
      association analysis. Down-regulation of KLF6 might play an important role in the
      carcinogenesis and development of human gastric carcinoma and have significant
      clinical value.

PMID- 19967572
TI  - Two psychological interventions are effective in severely disabled, chronic back
      pain patients: a randomised controlled trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many pain patients appreciate biofeedback interventions because of
      the integration of psychological and physiological aspects. Therefore we wanted
      to investigate in a sample of chronic back pain patients whether biofeedback
      ingredients lead to improved outcome of psychological interventions. METHOD: One
      hundred and twenty-eight chronic back pain patients were randomly assigned to
      cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive-behavioural therapy including
      biofeedback tools (CBT-B) or waitlist control (WLC). The sample was recruited
      from a highly disabled group including many patients with low education status
      and former back surgeries. Measures on pain, physical functioning, emotional
      functioning, coping strategies and health care utilisation were taken at
      pretreatment, posttreatment and 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The results
      indicated significant improvements on most outcome measures for CBT-B and CBT in
      comparison to WLC. CBT-B and CBT were equally effective (e.g. ITT effect sizes
      for pain intensity: CBT-B, 0.66 (95% CI 0.39-0.95); CBT, 0.60 (95% CI 0.33
      0.87)). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, biofeedback ingredients did not lead to
      improved outcome of a psychological intervention. Cognitive-behavioural treatment
      as a "package" of respondent, operant and cognitive interventions was effective
      for ameliorating pain-related symptoms for chronic back pain patients treated in
      an outpatient setting. The high treatment acceptability associated with
      biofeedback ingredients can also be achieved with pure psychological
      interventions.

PMID- 19967573
TI  - Advancement in HCC imaging: diagnosis, staging and treatment efficacy
      assessments: imaging diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - Diagnostic confirmation and assessment of disease extent are crucial for proper
      management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Imaging studies play
      a crucial role in the diagnosis and staging of HCC. The imaging techniques
      commonly used for the diagnosis of HCC include ultrasound, computed tomography,
      and magnetic resonance imaging. Currently, improvements in imaging technology
      make a noninvasive and reliable diagnostic assessment of hepatocellular nodules
      possible in the cirrhotic liver. Biopsy is infrequently required prior to
      treatment, and the diagnosis of HCC is strongly dependent on hemodynamic features
      (arterial hypervascularity and washout in the venous phase) on dynamic imaging.
      Accurate staging of HCC is important in determining prognosis and in deciding
      optimal treatment for each patient. In addition, although there is a strong
      demand for an accurate diagnostic tool to detect smaller tumors, until now, the
      major challenge for radiologists in imaging cirrhosis is the characterization of
      small hepatocellular nodules in the cirrhotic liver. Further improvement of
      imaging technologies including functional imaging such as elastography, perfusion
      imaging and diffusion imaging, and development of new contrast media will
      undoubtedly improve the detection and characterization of small tumors. In this
      article, we present a summary of the most recent information on the diagnosis and
      staging of HCC.

PMID- 19967574
TI  - A case of familial Mediterranean fever associated with compound heterozygosity
      for the pyrin variant L110P-E148Q/M680I in Japan.
AB  - Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder
      characterized by recurrent and self-limited fever attacks and
      serositis/arthritis. The M694V, M694I, M680I, V726A, and E148Q mutations in MEFV,
      the gene responsible for FMF, account for most FMF cases in Mediterranean
      populations. In Japan, M694I and E148Q are most frequently detected; M694V,
      M680I, and V726A have not been identified so far. We report the first case of FMF
      associated with M680I in Japan.

PMID- 19967575
TI  - Do chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) use cleavers and anvils to fracture Treculia
      africana fruits? Preliminary data on a new form of percussive technology.
AB  - Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are renowned for their use of tools in
      activities ranging from foraging to social interactions. Different populations
      across Africa vary in their tool use repertoires, giving rise to cultural
      variation. We report a new type of percussive technology in food processing by
      chimpanzees in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea: Treculia fracturing. Chimpanzees
      appear to use stone and wooden "cleavers" as tools, as well as stone outcrop
      "anvils" as substrate to fracture the large and fibrous fruits of Treculia
      africana, a rare but prized food source. This newly described form of percussive
      technology is distinctive, as the apparent aim is not to extract an embedded food
      item, as is the case in nut cracking, baobab smashing, or pestle pounding, but
      rather to reduce a large food item to manageably sized pieces. Furthermore, these
      preliminary data provide the first evidence of chimpanzees using two types of
      percussive technology for the same purpose.

PMID- 19967576
TI  - [LXI Annual Meeting of the Spanish Society of Neurology, Barcelona, Spain, 17-21
      November 2009. Abstracts].

PMID- 19967577
TI  - Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the
      treatment of problem and pathological gambling: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society
      and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the
      relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test
      the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group
      therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological
      gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient
      dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150
      primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological
      gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized
      to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of
      cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control.
      Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general
      levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and
      6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over
      the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome
      measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time.
      Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most
      outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are
      promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome
      and compliance.

PMID- 19967580
TI  - Decompression sickness in breath-hold divers: a review.
AB  - Although it has been generally assumed that the risk of decompression sickness is
      virtually zero during a single breath-hold dive in humans, repeated dives may
      result in a cumulative increase in the tissue and blood nitrogen tension. Many
      species of marine mammals perform extensive foraging bouts with deep and long
      dives interspersed by a short surface interval, and some human divers regularly
      perform repeated dives to 30-40 m or a single dive to more than 200 m, all of
      which may result in nitrogen concentrations that elicit symptoms of decompression
      sickness. Neurological problems have been reported in humans after single or
      repeated dives and recent necropsy reports in stranded marine mammals were
      suggestive of decompression sickness-like symptoms. Modelling attempts have
      suggested that marine mammals may live permanently with elevated nitrogen
      concentrations and may be at risk when altering their dive behaviour. In humans,
      non-pathogenic bubbles have been recorded and symptoms of decompression sickness
      have been reported after repeated dives to modest depths. The mechanisms
      implicated in these accidents indicate that repeated breath-hold dives with short
      surface intervals are factors that predispose to decompression sickness. During
      deep diving, the effect of pulmonary shunts and/or lung collapse may play a major
      role in reducing the incidence of decompression sickness in humans and marine
      mammals.

PMID- 19967581
TI  - Differences in ratings of perceived exertion between the sexes during single
      joint and whole-body exercise.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to examine ratings of perceived exertion
      (RPE) between adult men (n = 10) and women (n = 10) during two different modes of
      fatiguing exercise. Participants provided their rating of perceived exertion (6
      20 scale) while performing single-leg heel raises and exercise on a rowing
      ergometer, during two separate experimental sessions. During the heel raise
      exercise, ratings of perceived exertion were reported for the exercising calf
      muscles, while a single undifferentiated and two differentiated ratings were
      obtained during the rowing exercise. Perceived exertion responses were
      standardized across the exercise duration between participants, via linear
      interpolation and power function modelling. No significant differences were
      observed between the sexes in number of heel raises; however, women exercised
      significantly (P < 0.05) longer during the rowing exercise. No significant
      differences were observed between the sexes for ratings of perceived exertion
      obtained via linear interpolation. However, power function modelling revealed
      greater (P < 0.05) increases for women during the heel raises. The findings of
      the present study suggest the presence of a subtle difference in the perceived
      exertion response between the sexes when modelled as a power function during
      single-joint exercise.

PMID- 19967582
TI  - Isoperformance curves: an application in team selection.
AB  - An isoperformance curve (or surface) defines combinations of two (or more)
      physiological attributes of individuals such that equal performances for a
      specified event would be expected of them. Parameters from the two- and three
      parameter critical power models are used to illustrate the concept. There are a
      number of sporting races where teams of individuals compete simultaneously as a
      unit. Rowing and team pursuit cycling are two well-known examples. Team selection
      may be difficult if there are more candidates available than places in the team.
      Based on the assumption that team members should be evenly matched with respect
      to performance rather than physiological attributes, proximity to a particular
      isoperformance curve (or surface) may suggest an obvious grouping of individuals.
      Isoperformance lines also enable identification of an athlete's individual
      training needs, since the components of the isoperformance lines can be affected
      by specific training interventions.

PMID- 19967583
TI  - Biomechanical loading of the hip during side jumps by soccer goalkeepers.
AB  - There is a risk of hip injury in dives to the side by soccer goalkeepers. In this
      study, we assessed hip loading in goalkeepers when performing such dives. The
      experiments were conducted in a laboratory setting using an in-ground force plate
      as well as on a grass surface when the athletes were equipped with force sensors.
      The forces acting on the hip were measured and high-speed video analysis was
      performed, allowing the investigation of the dive characteristics and techniques.
      The peak force values recorded in the laboratory setting ranged from 3 to 8 kN,
      which corresponded to 4.2-8.6 times body weight. The vertical impact velocities
      reached 3.25 m . s(-1). In the field experiments, a hip loading of 87-183 N . cm(
      2) was determined. We found that goalkeepers who perform a rolling motion reduce
      their hip loading. The data provided by this study add to the biomechanics
      database and contribute to the establishment of injury criteria. Such information
      is necessary to develop and implement strategies to help prevent hip injuries.

PMID- 19967584
TI  - Effects of agonist-antagonist complex resistance training on upper body strength
      and power development.
AB  - The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects on strength and
      power of performing complex versus traditional set training over eight weeks.
      Fifteen trained males were assessed for throw height, peak velocity, and peak
      power in the bench press throw and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in the bench
      press and bench pull exercises, before and after the eight-week programme. The
      traditional set group performed the pulling before the pushing exercise sets,
      whereas the complex set group alternated pulling and pushing sets. The complex
      set training sessions were completed in approximately half the time.
      Electromyographic (EMG) activity was monitored during both test sessions in an
      attempt to determine if it was affected as a result of the training programme.
      Although there were no differences in the dependent variables between the two
      conditions, bench pull and bench press 1-RM increased significantly under the
      complex set condition and peak power increased significantly under the
      traditional set condition. Effect size statistics suggested that the complex set
      was more time-efficient than the traditional set condition with respect to
      development of 1-RM bench pull and bench press, peak velocity and peak power. The
      EMG activity was not affected. Complex set training would appear to be an
      effective method of exercise with respect to efficiency and strength development.

PMID- 19967587
TI  - Gender, age, and sport differences in relative age effects among US Masters
      swimming and track and field athletes.
AB  - A relative age effect has been identified in Masters sports (Medic, Starkes, &
      Young, 2007). Since gender, age, and type of sport have been found to influence
      the relative age effect in youth sports (Musch & Grondin, 2001), we examined how
      these three variables influenced possible relative age effects among Masters
      swimmers and track and field athletes. Using archived data between 1996 and 2006,
      frequency of participation entries and record-setting performances at the US
      Masters championships were examined as a function of an individual's constituent
      year within any 5-year age category. Study 1 investigated the frequency of Master
      athletes who participated; Study 2 examined the frequency of performance records
      that were set across constituent years within an age category, while accounting
      for the distribution of participation frequencies. Results showed that a
      participation-related relative age effect in Masters sports is stronger for
      males, that it becomes progressively stronger with each successive decade of
      life, and that it does not differ across track and field and swimming. In
      addition, a performance-related relative age effect in Masters sport seems to be
      stronger for swimming than track and field, but it does not differ across gender
      and decades of life.

PMID- 19967585
TI  - The effect of glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed over 5 days on
      exercise energy metabolism and running capacity in males.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether rates of total fat and
      carbohydrate oxidation and endurance capacity during running conducted in the
      fasted state are influenced by the glycaemic index (GI) of high carbohydrate
      diets consumed over 5 days. Nine healthy males performed three treadmill runs to
      exhaustion at 65% of maximum oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O(2max)): after a habitual diet
      (control trial), after 5 days on a high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index diet,
      and after 5 days on a high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index diet in randomized
      counterbalanced order. No significant differences in rates of fat and
      carbohydrate oxidation, concentrations of plasma insulin, glucose, non-esterified
      fatty acids and glycerol, or time to exhaustion were observed between the high
      carbohydrate/high glycaemic index and high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index
      trials. Compared with the control trial, the concentration of plasma glycerol and
      rate of fat oxidation were lower (P < 0.05) and the rate of carbohydrate
      oxidation higher (P < 0.05) in both the high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index
      diet and high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index trials during the run to
      exhaustion. In conclusion, the extent by which a high carbohydrate diet consumed
      over 5 days reduces rate of fat oxidation during subsequent running exercise in
      the fasted state is not influenced by the glycaemic index of the diet.

PMID- 19967588
TI  - Physiological characteristics of elite and sub-elite badminton players.
AB  - The aims of this study were to establish the physical and physiological
      attributes of elite and sub-elite Malaysian male badminton players and to
      determine whether these attributes discriminate elite players from sub-elite
      players. Measurements and tests of basic anthropometry, explosive power,
      anaerobic recovery capacity, badminton-specific movement agility, maximum
      strength, and aerobic capacity were conducted on two occasions, separated by at
      least one day. The elite (n = 12) and sub-elite (n = 12) players' characteristics
      were, respectively: mean age 24.6 years (s = 3.7) and 20.5 years (s = 0.7); mass
      73.2 kg (s = 7.6) and 62.7 kg (s = 4.2); stature 1.76 m (s = 0.07) and 1.71 m (s
      = 0.05); body fat 12.5% (s = 4.8) and 9.5% (s = 3.4); estimated VO(2max) 56.9 ml
      . kg(-1) . min(-1) (s = 3.7) and 59.5 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1) (s = 5.2). The elite
      players had greater maximum absolute strength in one-repetition maximum bench
      press (P = 0.015) compared with the sub-elite players. There were significant
      differences in instantaneous lower body power estimated from vertical jump height
      between the elite and sub-elite groups (P < 0.01). However, there was no
      significant difference between groups in shuttle run tests and on-court badminton
      specific movement agility tests. Our results show that elite Malaysian male
      badminton players are taller, heavier, and stronger than their sub-elite
      counterparts. The test battery, however, did not allow us to discriminate between
      the elite and sub-elite players, suggesting that at the elite level tactical
      knowledge, technical skills, and psychological readiness could be of greater
      importance.

PMID- 19967589
TI  - Age-related differences in repeated-sprint ability in highly trained youth
      football players.
AB  - In this study, we investigated the age-related differences in repeated-sprint
      ability and blood lactate responses in 134 youth football players. Players from
      the development programme of a professional club were grouped according to their
      respective under-age team (U-11 to U-18). Following familiarization, the
      participants performed a repeated-sprint ability test [6 x 30-m sprints 30 s
      apart, with active recovery (2.0-2.2 m . s(-1)) between sprints]. The test
      variables were total time, percent sprint decrement, and post-test peak lactate
      concentration. Total time improved from the U-11 to U-15 age groups (range 33.15
      +/- 1.84 vs. 27.25 +/- 0.82 s), whereas no further significant improvements were
      evident from U-15 to U-18. No significant differences in percent sprint decrement
      were reported among groups (range 4.0 +/- 1.0% to 5.5 +/- 2.1%). Post-test peak
      lactate increased from one age group to the next (range 7.3 +/- 1.8 to 12.6 +/-
      1.6 mmol . l(-1)), but remained constant when adjusted for age-related difference
      in body mass. Peak lactate concentration was moderately correlated with sprint
      time (r = 0.70, P > 0.001). Our results suggest that performance in repeated
      sprint ability improves during maturation of highly trained youth football
      players, although a plateau occurs from 15 years of age. In contrast to
      expectations based on previous suggestions, percent sprint decrement during
      repeated sprints did not deteriorate with age.

PMID- 19967590
TI  - The Physical Education Predisposition Scale: preliminary development and
      validation.
AB  - The main aim of this study was to develop and test psychometrically the Physical
      Education Predisposition Scale, to assess secondary school students' cost-benefit
      assessment of physical education (PE) participation (PE attitude affective and
      attitude cognitive) and self-perceptions (PE perceived competence and self
      efficacy). Secondary aims were to explore how the two variables were related, and
      to investigate age and gender differences. Altogether, 315 Year 8 and 9 students
      (aged 12-14 years) from four North West England schools completed the Physical
      Education Predisposition Scale. Principal components analysis revealed the
      presence of a simple two-factor solution explaining 60.7% of the variance. Factor
      1 (labelled Perceived PE Worth) reflected attitude affective and attitude
      cognitive (alpha = 0.91), and factor 2 (Perceived PE Ability) represented
      perceived competence and self-efficacy (alpha = 0.89). Significant positive
      correlations were observed between the factors (r = 0.67 to 0.71, P < 0.001).
      Boys scored significantly higher than girls on Perceived PE Worth (P < 0.001) and
      Perceived PE Ability (P = 0.02). Similarly, Year 8 students scored significantly
      higher than Year 9 students on Perceived PE Worth (P = 0.005) and Perceived PE
      Ability (P < 0.001). Our results support the potential of the Physical Education
      Predisposition Scale as a concise measurement tool for use in the PE setting, for
      both teachers and researchers.

PMID- 19967591
TI  - Reliability and validity of field-based measures of leg stiffness and reactive
      strength index in youths.
AB  - The aim of the study was to assess the reliability of a mobile contact mat in
      measuring a range of stretch-shortening cycle parameters in young adolescents.
      Additionally, vertical leg stiffness using contact mat data was validated against
      a criterion method using force-time data. The reliability study involved 18
      youths completing a habituation and three separate test sessions, while 20 youths
      completed a single test session for the validity study. Participants completed
      three trials of a squat jump, countermovement jump, and maximal hopping test and
      a single trial of repeated sub-maximal hopping at 2.0 Hz and 2.5 Hz. All tests
      were performed on the contact mat. Reliability statistics included repeated
      measures analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficient, and
      coefficient of variation (CV), while the correlation coefficient (r) and typical
      error of estimate (TEE) were reported for the validity study. Squat jump height
      was the most reliable measure (CV = 8.64%), while leg stiffness during sub
      maximal hopping, and reactive strength index produced moderate reliability (CV =
      10.17-13.93% and 13.98% respectively). Measures of leg stiffness obtained from
      contact mat data during sub-maximal hopping were in agreement with the criterion
      measure (r = 0.92-0.95; TEE = 6.5-7.5%), but not during maximal hopping (r =
      0.59; TEE = 41.9%). The contact mat was deemed a valid tool for measuring stretch
      shortening cycle ability in sub-maximal but not maximal hopping. Although
      reliability of performance was generally moderate, the tests offer a replicable
      assessment method for use with paediatric populations.

PMID- 19967592
TI  - Effects of resistance training on resistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force
      in elderly post-menopausal women.
AB  - It may be that resistance exercise can be used to prevent the degenerative
      processes and inflammation associated with ageing. Thus, the aim of the present
      study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on cytokines, leptin,
      resistin, and muscle strength in post-menopausal women. Thirty-five sedentary
      women (mean age 63.18 years, s = 4.8; height 1.64 m, s = 0.07; body mass 57.84
      kg, s = 7.70) were recruited. The 16 weeks of periodized resistance training
      consisted of two weekly sessions of three sets of 6-14 repetition maximum.
      Maximal strength was tested in bench press, 45 degrees leg press, and arm curl.
      Plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-15, leptin, and
      resistin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maximal strength
      on all measures was increased after 16 weeks. There were minor or no
      modifications in tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-15. Interleukin-6
      was decreased 48 h after compared with baseline and declined after 16 weeks.
      Leptin decreased 24 h after compared with baseline and was reduced at baseline
      and 48 h after compared with pre-training. There was a decrease in resistin after
      24 and 48 h compared with baseline and a decline in baseline and immediately
      after levels compared with pre-training. A possible explanation of the results of
      the present study is a lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the
      innate immune system. Periodized resistance training seems to be an important
      intervention to reduce systemic inflammation in this population.

PMID- 19967593
TI  - Self-regulation and performance level of elite and non-elite youth soccer
      players.
AB  - In learning and development, self-regulation can be described as the extent to
      which individuals are metacognitively, motivationally, and behaviourally
      proactive participants in their learning process (Zimmerman, 1989, 2006). We
      examined the relationship between self-regulation and performance level in elite
      (n = 159) and non-elite (n = 285) youth soccer players aged 11-17 years (mean
      14.5 years, s = 1.4). The players completed a questionnaire that assessed
      planning, self-monitoring, evaluation, reflection, effort, and self-efficacy. A
      logistic regression analysis was performed (controlling for age) to determine
      which self-regulatory aspects were associated with players' performance level
      (elite vs. non-elite). High scores on reflection and effort were associated with
      a higher level of performance. Findings suggest that elite players may be more
      aware of their strong and weak points as well as better able to translate this
      awareness into action. In addition, elite players appear to be more willing to
      invest effort into practice and competition. It is suggested that these better
      developed self-regulatory skills may translate into a more effective learning
      environment and ultimately result in an increased capacity for performance in
      elite players relative to their non-elite peers.

PMID- 19967594
TI  - Effects of exercise on cravings to smoke: the role of exercise intensity and
      cortisol.
AB  - Research consistently demonstrates that a bout of moderate exercise alleviates
      cravings to smoke among abstaining smokers. The aims of this study were to
      examine whether doses of exercise (moderate or vigorous) reduced cravings
      differently, and whether reductions in cravings were associated with changes in
      cortisol concentration. Using a within-participant, crossover design, 18
      participants conducted three 15-min treatment sessions on separate days: passive,
      walking (45-50% heart rate reserve), and running (80-85% heart rate reserve)
      conditions. Participants rated cravings at baseline, mid-treatment, and 0, 10,
      20, and 30 min after each treatment. Salivary cortisol samples were collected at
      baseline, immediately after, and 30 min after each condition. Significant group x
      time interactions were identified, demonstrating significant reductions in
      craving items after the walking and running conditions compared with the passive
      control. No significant differences in craving reductions were found between
      walking and running conditions. Post hoc comparisons found that running condition
      cravings to smoke scores were reduced for a longer duration post-treatment than
      post-walking condition scores. The decline in cortisol concentration was
      attenuated in the running group only. Vigorous exercise has a similar effect to
      moderate exercise in terms of the magnitude of craving reduction. However,
      performing bouts of moderate-intensity exercise may be a better recommendation
      for reducing cravings.

PMID- 19967595
TI  - A comparison of ratio and allometric scaling methods for normalizing power and
      strength in elite rugby union players.
AB  - In this study, we compared the effectiveness of ratio and allometric scaling for
      normalizing power and strength in elite male rugby union players. Rugby union
      forwards (n = 18) and backs (n = 20) were assessed for squat jump and bench throw
      peak power, and box squat and bench press one-repetition maximum strength. The
      performance data for the forwards and backs were compared using ratio (P/BM) and
      allometric scaling (P/BM(b)), where P represents performance, BM is body mass in
      kilograms, and b is a power exponent. A proposed allometric exponent (0.67) and
      exponents (+/-95% confidence intervals) derived for the box squat (0.33 +/-
      0.31), bench press (0.45 +/- 0.30), bench throw (0.46 +/- 0.36), and squat jump
      (0.64 +/- 0.31) exercises were used. In general, the absolute expression of power
      and strength was superior for the heavier forwards, but after ratio scaling these
      performance measures then favoured the lighter backs. There were no performance
      differences between the forwards and backs after allometric scaling using either
      the proposed or the derived exponents. Thus, allometric scaling may provide a
      more effective method for normalizing power and strength in elite athletes when
      body size is a confounding variable.

PMID- 19967596
TI  - Carbohydrate ingestion and soccer skill performance during prolonged intermittent
      exercise.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ingesting a carbohydrate
      electrolyte solution, during the 90-min Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test,
      on soccer skill performance. Seventeen male soccer players ingested either a 6.4%
      carbohydrate-electrolyte solution or placebo solution equivalent to 8 ml . kg(-1)
      body mass before exercise and 3 ml . kg(-1) body mass after every 15 min of
      exercise, in a double-blind randomized cross-over design, with the trials
      separated by 7 days. The evening before the main trial, the participants
      performed glycogen-reducing exercise on a cycle ergometer (80 min at
      70%[Vdot]O(2max)) and were then fed a low-carbohydrate meal. After a 12-h
      overnight fast, they performed The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test before and
      after every 15 min of exercise. Analysis of the combined skill test data showed a
      significant time effect (P = 0.001) with differences between 0-45 and 75-90 min
      (P < 0.05). There was a 3% reduction in skill performance from before to after
      exercise in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial, whereas in the placebo trial the
      decrease was 14% (P = 0.07). In conclusion, skill performance during the
      simulated soccer activity appeared to deteriorate in the last 15-30 min of
      exercise. However, providing 52 g . h(-1) carbohydrate during exercise showed a
      tendency to better maintain soccer skill performance than a taste-matched
      placebo.

PMID- 19967597
TI  - Hanja (Ideogram) alexia and agraphia in patients with semantic dementia.
AB  - Posterior fusiform gyrus (BA 37) is responsible for Hanja (ideogram) alexia in
      stroke patients. Patients with semantic dementia (SD) have lesions in the basal
      temporal area. The close proximity in these two lesions and the fact that reading
      ideograms requires holistic processing as is necessary in recognition of objects,
      suggests a possibility that ideogram alexia/agraphia may occur in patients with
      SD. We established and carried out Hanja and Hangul (phonogram) reading/writing
      tasks on six SD patients and nine Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients as control to
      see if these two patient groups show dissociation in the two sets of tests. SPM
      analysis was performed on the SD patients' PET images to look for any
      dysfunctions in the posterior fusiform gyrus. The SD patients manifested Hanja
      alexia/agraphia whereas Hangul reading/writing ability was relatively preserved.
      There were group differences between SD and AD in the Hanja tasks but not in the
      Hangul tasks. The SPM analysis revealed no hypometabolism in the posterior
      fusiform gyrus, but only in the middle and the anterior part of the temporal
      gyrus. Dysfunction in the middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) may have disrupted the
      temporal lobe connections preventing the function of the posterior fusiform
      gyrus.

PMID- 19967598
TI  - Neuroimaging findings and brain-behavioral correlates in a former boxer with
      chronic traumatic brain injury.
AB  - Chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) is associated with contact sports such as
      boxing. CTBI results from repetitive blows to the head rather than from a single
      impact. CTBI individuals present with motor symptoms (incoordination, spasticity,
      parkinsonism), cognitive impairment (executive dysfunction, memory deficits) and
      neuropsychiatric symptoms (irritability, affective disturbances). The structural
      and functional neuroimaging findings and clinical presentation of a CTBI case are
      described. We propose hypotheses about the pathophysiology of the observed
      neuroimaging findings and their relationship to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of
      the patients.

PMID- 19967599
TI  - Generalization of the effects of phonological training for anomia using
      structural equation modelling: a multiple single-case study.
AB  - Structural Equation Modelling analysis of three longitudinal er-fMRI sessions was
      used to test the impact of phonological training and of the generalization
      process on the pattern of brain connectivity during overt picture naming in two
      chronic anomic patients. Phonological training yielded a positive effect on the
      trained material. Six months after the training, a generalization of the positive
      impact on the untrained items was also observed. Connectivity analysis showed
      that training and generalization effects shared paralleled cortical patterns of
      functional integration. These findings may represent the neurophysiological
      correlate of the training-induced cognitive strategies for the compensation of
      anomia.

PMID- 19967600
TI  - Proprioception of foot and ankle complex in young regular practitioners of ice
      hockey, ballet dancing and running.
AB  - This study examined the proprioception of the foot and ankle complex in regular
      ice hockey practitioners, runners, and ballet dancers. A total of 45 young people
      with different exercise habits formed four groups: the ice hockey, ballet
      dancing, running, and sedentary groups. Kinesthesia of the foot and ankle complex
      was measured in plantarflexion (PF), dorsiflexion (DF), inversion (IV), and
      eversion (EV) at 0.4 degrees /s using a custom-made device. The results showed
      the following: (1) significantly better perceived passive motion sense in PF/DF
      was found as compared with the measurements in IV/EV within each group (P < .01);
      (2) ice hockey and ballet groups perceived significantly better passive motion
      sense in IV/EV than the running (P < .05) and the sedentary (P < .01) groups; and
      (3) no significant difference in the all measurements was found between running
      and sedentary groups. The benefits of ice hockey and ballet dancing on
      proprioception may be associated with their movement characteristics.

PMID- 19967601
TI  - Interrelationships between measured running intensities and agility performance
      in subelite rugby union players.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate agility performance of rugby players
      using various intensity running tests. A further aim was to investigate if any
      differences existed between playing positions in relation to agility performance.
      Nineteen subelite players (mean +/- SD age, 23.0 +/- 5.4 years) participated in
      the study. Players underwent measurements of anthropometry (height, body mass,
      and sum of four skinfolds). Running tests investigated were speed (10 m and 40 m
      sprint), agility (T Test and Illinois), and multistage fitness tests (20 m, 10 m,
      and 5 m), with all tests for agility measured against the Illinois agility test.
      Results indicated that backline players produced significant correlations (P <
      0.05) in agility compared with forwards. The findings indicate that developing or
      using existing rugby-specific agility programs to aid performance may be of
      greater benefit and of higher priority in training programs designed for backs
      rather than forwards.

PMID- 19967602
TI  - Perspectives for comprehensive biomechanical analyses in Mogul skiing.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using a force measurement
      device on riding technique in mogul skiing. A mock-up version of such a device
      was positioned between ski boot and binding. Data on three-dimensional kinematics
      and perception were collected for eight subjects skiing down a mogul course.
      Parameters analysed were knee angle, side and forward lean of the trunk and hip,
      and the path of the body's centre of mass. A perception questionnaire was used on
      selective aspects to assess the skiers' perception of the performances.
      Perception ratings showed no significant detrimental effects. All assessed
      components showed a trend of improvement from the first to last run, thus
      suggesting familiarisation was achieved. Kinematic analysis revealed that no
      significant alterations occurred. In conclusion, it is intended to utilise a
      functional force plate similar to the one presented by Kiefmann et al. (2006) for
      future studies in freestyle skiing.

PMID- 19967603
TI  - Effect of postexercise recovery procedures following strenuous stair-climb
      running.
AB  - This study compared the effects of hot/cold water immersion, static stretching,
      and no recovery (control) interventions on leg strength, rowing performance, and
      indicators of muscle soreness/damage in the 72 hours following strenuous stair
      climb running. Club (n = 14) and elite (Sports Institute) (n = 6) rowers
      performed the training run on three separate occasions. After each run,
      participants completed a randomly assigned 15-minute recovery treatment, either
      hot/cold, static stretching, or control, which were repeated at 24 and 48 hours
      postrun. No significant strength or performance differences existed between the
      three recovery treatments for either group. Muscle soreness for both groups
      remained significantly elevated (p < 0.05) above baseline at 72 hours postrun. At
      48-hours postrun serum creatine kinase levels had returned to baseline and at 72
      hours postrun were below baseline in both groups. In conclusion, neither hot/cold
      nor static stretching accelerated recovery at 72 hours beyond that achieved by
      the control condition.

PMID- 19967604
TI  - Lower extremity joint stiffness in runners with low back pain.
AB  - The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine lower extremity joint
      stiffness between runners with and without low back pain. We compared data from
      three groups: current low back pain (LBP), resolved pain (RES), and a control
      (CTRL) group of runners. We hypothesized that the LBP group would exhibit
      increased ankle, knee, and hip joint stiffness when compared with the other
      groups. Subjects ran on a force treadmill at 3.8 m*s(-1) while data were
      collected. Joint stiffness was determined from the joint moment-angle profiles.
      Differences were observed in knee joint stiffness, with the LBP group exhibiting
      the greatest stiffness values. No differences in ankle or hip joint stiffness
      were observed. These data suggest that the LBP group of runners may not attenuate
      the foot-ground impact to the same level as the other groups. The decreased
      attenuation may increase the level of the shock to the low back region, thus
      potentially increasing the load on the low back.

PMID- 19967605
TI  - [Tomography and confocal microscopy in the study of retinal pathologies].

PMID- 19967606
TI  - [Efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as
      treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema].

PMID- 19967608
TI  - [The relevance of molecular biology studies in the genetic counselling of
      Argentine retinoblastoma families].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relevance of RB1 mutations detection in the genetic
      counselling of Argentine retinoblastoma families. METHODS: We included in this
      study 34 Argentine families with bilateral and unilateral Retinoblastoma (Rb).
      130 DNA samples from leukocytes, tumors and chorionic villus were analyzed by
      indirect and direct molecular biology assays like Southern blot, segregation of
      polymorphisms BamHI, Rbi4, XbaI y Rb 1.20 (PCR-RFLP, PCR-STR), PCR-heteroduplex
      and sequencing of RB1 gene. RESULTS: Molecular biology analysis was informative
      in 18 out of 34 families studied (53%), 56% with bilateral and 44% with
      unilateral Rb. DNA tumor samples of 11 patients were available and could be
      studied by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) detection, that allowed us to identify
      the mutated RB1 allele in 9 (82%) patients. When tumor samples were not analized,
      the studies were informative only in 9 out of 23 patients (39%); we used direct
      mutation detection in 17 (41% informative) and indirect assays in 20 (60%
      informative) patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results prove the necessity to have DNA
      tumor, when the patient has been enucleated, and emphasize the importance of
      direct mutation detection in families with early sporadic Rb without tumor
      sample. The RB1 molecular biology contributed to the adequate genetic counselling
      of Argentine patients and relatives and their appropriate early treatment
      planning (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 557-562).

PMID- 19967607
TI  - [Comparison of the effectiveness of two different pharmacologic approaches to
      prevent intraoperative floppy iris syndrome].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of two strategies to prevent the
      appearance of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in patients exposed to a
      blockers. METHODS: We compared retrospectively the presence and severity of the
      appearance of IFIS in 29 patients subjected to cataract surgery, establishing two
      groups of 12 patients (22 eyes) and 17 patients (33 eyes). The strategy applied
      to group one consisted of suspending the exposure to a-blockers for at least one
      week prior to the intervention, the topical application of 1% atropine three
      times a day for two days before the intervention and the use of intracameral
      lidocaine. The strategy for group two consisted of suspending use of the drug for
      at least one week before the intervention and the intracameral application at the
      beginning of surgery of a solution of physiological serum, adrenaline and
      lidocaine. RESULTS: Six patients from group one showed no evidence of IFIS, 2
      exhibited bilateral mild symptoms, 2 bilateral moderate and 2 unilateral severe
      symptoms of IFIS. In total, 45.5% eyes suffered from IFIS. In group two, only 3
      eyes (9.1%) from 2 patients exhibited mild symptoms. Statistical analysis showed
      a significant difference between both groups (p=0.002). If only those exhibiting
      moderate and severe symptoms are taken into account the result was highly
      statistically significant (p=0.0002). CONCLUSION: The study shows a greater
      statistical effectiveness of the strategy applied to group two compared to the
      strategy applied to group one (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 549-556).

PMID- 19967609
TI  - [Meningocele, glioma and optic nerve meningioma: differential diagnosis and
      treatment].
AB  - PURPOSE: After studying 3 clinical cases, we have reviewed the clinical and
      radiological characteristics of meningocele, meningioma and optic nerve glioma.
      The differential diagnosis and therapeutic management are also discussed.
      METHODS: Review of three clinical reports of three patients seen in our unit and
      a bibliographic search concerning the diagnosis and therapeutic management of
      these three entities at the present time. RESULTS: Differential diagnosis has to
      be based on a wide range of parameters: epidemiologic (age, race, sex, prevalence
      of the tumors), clinical (visual acuity, perimetry, Hertel exophthalmometry and
      funduscopy) and radiologic (computed tomography and magnetic resonance).
      Anatomopathologic study is required only rarely. The therapeutic options are:
      observation, surgery and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: A correct differential
      diagnosis is mandatory to be able to individualize the treatment for each entity
      (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 563-568).

PMID- 19967610
TI  - [Argon laser iridoplasty as treatment of plateau-like iris configuration
      secondary to multiple ciliary body cysts: long-term follow-up by ultrasound
      biomicroscopy].
AB  - CASE REPORT: We present a 37 year-old man with secondary angle closure by
      neuroepithelial ciliary body cysts. An argon laser peripherical iridoplasty was
      performed and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was employed to follow-up.
      Initially, the patient had a favorable response to treatment, but six months
      later the cysts and the secondary closed angle reappeared. DISCUSSION: Argon
      laser peripheral iridoplasty has been proposed as treatment of plateau-like iris
      configuration resulting from neuroepithelial ciliary body cysts. However, the
      cysts and, the secondary closed angle could recur in a long-term (Arch Soc Esp
      Oftalmol 2009; 84: 569-572).

PMID- 19967611
TI  - [Aniridia, congenital glaucoma and white corneas in a newborn baby].
AB  - CASE REPORT: We present the case of a newborn baby in whom we observed aniridia,
      congenital glaucoma and edematous corneas, without clearance of the cornea after
      glaucoma surgery, and in whom a keratoplasty was considered. The patient had no
      evidence of systemic diseases and no deletion of chromosome 11. DISCUSSION: It is
      important to perform a thorough ophthalmological and systemic exploration in
      newborn patients with aniridia due to other diseases that can be associated with
      it. We present the unusual case in which aniridia, congenital glaucoma and white
      corneas coexisted in a newborn baby. To our knowledge, such cases have only been
      reported twice before in the literature (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 573
      576).

PMID- 19967612
TI  - [Successful treatment of surgically induced necrotizing sclerokeratitis (SINS)
      with systemic immunosuppresive agents and amniotic membrane grafting].
AB  - CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of a 74-year-old female who developed a
      necrotizing sclerokeratitis affecting her left eye after uncomplicated cataract
      surgery. She had no previous history of systemic autoimmune disease.
      Histopathology of the lesion revealed necrotic granulomatosis with an increased
      number of plasma cells. DISCUSSION: Surgically induced necrotizing
      sclerokeratitis (SINS) is a serious entity which requires prompt and aggressive
      therapy to prevent its potential devastating ocular consequences. Conjunctival
      resection and amniotic membrane grafting may be necessary to temporarily
      interrupt local immunologic events in severe cases. However, associated systemic
      immunomodulatory therapy seems to be mandatory (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84:
      577-580).

PMID- 19967613
TI  - [Young patient with eyelid Merkel carcinoma: Mohs microsurgery versus
      exenteration].
AB  - CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 47-year-old female suffering from progeria
      who developed an eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) following cyclosporine
      treatment for a corneal transplant. She underwent excision of the lesion by Mohs
      micrographic surgery (MMS) and received adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy.
      Later she had a recurrent tumour for which a wide excision with orbital
      exenteration was performed. The patient was fit and well at the 24-month follow
      up. DISCUSSION: MCC is an aggressive tumour that has a larger incidence in
      elderly people, women and immunosuppressed patients. Our approach with the
      patient must be global, avoiding risk factors in predisposed subjects. MMS seems
      unsuitable for the treatment of MCC; if tumour recurrence occurs a wide resection
      should be performed (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 581-584).

PMID- 19967614
TI  - [Contributions of Juan Santos Fernandez to ophthalmology].

PMID- 19967615
TI  - [Painter and sculptor Rik Wouters's eye tumor (1882-1916)].

PMID- 19967617
TI  - Prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in the adult Chinese
      population.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence,
      characteristics, and risk factors of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus
      in an adult Chinese population without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. PATIENTS
      AND METHODS: Between March 2006 and February 2007, consecutive individuals aged
      between 18 and 75 years, who underwent routine upper endoscopy as part of their
      regular medical examination were recruited. Demographic and medical information
      were collected. Erosive esophagitis was defined endoscopically as visible breaks
      of the distal esophageal mucosa. Barrett's esophagus was diagnosed endoscopically
      and confirmed histologically. "Silent GERD" was defined when erosive esophagitis
      and/or Barrett's esophagus were present in an individual without reflux symptoms.
      RESULTS: Among the 2580 individuals included, erosive esophagitis and Barrett's
      esophagus were found in 4.3 % (n = 110) and 1.0 % (n = 27), respectively. In
      individuals with erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus, 33.6 % and 40.7 %,
      respectively, were asymptomatic. Thus, the prevalence of erosive esophagitis and
      Barrett's esophagus in individuals without GERS was 1.6 % and 0.5 %,
      respectively, giving an overall prevalence of silent GERD of 2.0 % (46 / 2270).
      Multivariate analysis identified that male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.87, 95 %
      confidence interval [CI] 1.24 - 6.66; P = 0.014), hiatus hernia (OR = 9.68, 95
      %CI 5.00 - 17.95; P < 0.001), and alcohol consumption (OR = 3.17, 95 %CI 1.44 -
      6.97; P = 0.004) were positively associated with erosive esophagitis, whereas
      Helicobacter Pylori infection (OR = 0.37, 95 %CI 0.14 - 0.98; P = 0.046) was
      negatively associated with erosive esophagitis. Alcohol consumption (OR = 5.32,
      95 %CI 1.55 - 13.33; P = 0.008) was positively associated with Barrett's
      esophagus in asymptomatic individuals. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of the adult
      Chinese population without reflux symptoms, the prevalence of erosive esophagitis
      and Barrett's esophagus is 1.6 % and 0.5 %, respectively, with an overall
      prevalence of silent GERD of 2.0 %. Male sex, hiatus hernia, and alcohol
      consumption are positively associated with erosive esophagitis, whereas a
      negative association exists for H. pylori infection. Alcohol consumption is
      positively associated with Barrett's esophagus.

PMID- 19967618
TI  - Prospective multicenter performance evaluation of the second-generation colon
      capsule compared with colonoscopy.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: A second-generation capsule endoscopy system, using
      the PillCam Colon 2, was developed to increase sensitivity for colorectal polyp
      detection compared with the first-generation system. The performance of this new
      system is reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a five-center feasibility study,
      second-generation capsule endoscopy was prospectively compared with conventional
      colonoscopy as gold standard for the detection of colorectal polyps and other
      colonic disease, in a cohort of patients scheduled for colonoscopy and having
      known or suspected colonic disease. Colonoscopy was independently performed
      within 10 hours after capsule ingestion. Capsule-positive but colonoscopy
      negative cases were counted as false-positive. RESULTS: 104 patients (mean age
      49.8 years) were enrolled; data from 98 were analyzed. Patient rate for polyps of
      any size was 44 %, 53 % of these patients having adenomas. No adverse events
      related to either procedure were reported. The capsule sensitivity for the
      detection of patients with polyps >or= 6 mm was 89 % (95 % confidence interval
      [CI] 70 - 97) and for those with polyps >or= 10 mm it was 88 % (95 %CI 56 - 98),
      with specificities of 76 % (95 %CI 72 - 78) and 89 % (95 %CI 86 - 90),
      respectively. Both polyps missed by colonoscopy and mismatch in polyp size by
      study definition lowered specificity. Overall colon cleanliness for capsule
      endoscopy was adequate in 78 % of patients (95 %CI 68 - 86). CONCLUSIONS: The new
      second-generation colon capsule endoscopy is a safe and effective method for
      visualizing the colon and detecting colonic lesions. Sensitivity and specificity
      for detecting colorectal polyps appear to be very good, suggesting a potential
      for improved accuracy compared with the first-generation system. Further
      prospective and comparative studies are needed.

PMID- 19967619
TI  - Pico-Salax versus polyethylene glycol for bowel cleanout before colonoscopy in
      children: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Comparison of bowel preparation for colonoscopy in
      children with either Pico-Salax (sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate) or
      polyethylene glycol with electrolyte solution (PEG-ELS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In
      this investigator-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 83 children (12.5 +/- 3.1
      years) requiring elective colonoscopy at a referral hospital were randomly
      allocated to Pico-Salax (n = 43) or PEG-ELS (n = 40), and an intention-to treat
      analysis was applied. Pico-Salax was administered in two doses, one the evening
      before and one on the morning of the procedure. PEG-ELS was administered over 4
      hours. Efficacy was scored using the Ottawa scale and other constructs.
      Tolerability and toxicity were measured by patient and nursing questionnaires and
      serum biochemistry. RESULTS: 35 of Pico-Salax patients (81 %) were satisfied or
      very satisfied with the cleanout, compared with 19 (48 %) in the PEG-ELS group (P
      = 0.001). No differences were found in bowel cleanout effectiveness, as judged by
      the Ottawa score (P = 0.24), completion rates (P = 0.69), colonoscopy duration (P
      = 0.59), need for enemas (P = 0.25), or physician's global impression (P = 0.7).
      Except for one case of mild dehydration in the Pico-Salax group, no clinically
      significant adverse events were recorded. Serum biochemistry results were similar
      between groups except for more hypermagnesemia associated with Pico-Salax and
      hypokalemia with PEG-ELS; neither was clinically significant. CONCLUSION:
      Children tolerate Pico-Salax better than PEG-ELS for bowel cleanout before
      colonoscopy. This study did not demonstrate superiority of effectiveness or
      safety for either regimen.

PMID- 19967620
TI  - Efficacy of bispectral index monitoring as an adjunct to propofol deep sedation
      for ERCP: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: We sought to determine whether bispectral index (BIS)
      monitoring is a useful adjunct to the administration of propofol titrated to deep
      sedation, as measured by reductions of doses of propofol administered during
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 90
      consecutive patients undergoing ERCP were randomized to receive propofol titrated
      to deep sedation, with the BIS value either visible (BIS group, n = 46) or
      invisible (control group, n = 44) to the anesthesiologist. In the BIS group, the
      anesthesiologist was instructed to use the BIS value as the primary end point for
      titration of sedation, and to target BIS values between 40 and 60. For the
      control group, the anesthesiologist was instructed to titrate propofol according
      to routine practice in the unit using the modified Observer's Assessment of
      Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) Scale (MOAA/S score 0). RESULTS: The mean (SD)
      propofol doses (mg/min per kg weight) were 0.139 (0.02) and 0.193 (0.02) for the
      BIS and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean (SD) BIS values throughout
      the procedure were 61.68 (7.5) and 56.93 (4.77) for the BIS and control groups,
      respectively (P = 0.001). During the maintenance phase of sedation (MOAA/S score
      0), the mean (SD) BIS values were 53.73 (8.67) and 45.65 (4.39) for the BIS and
      control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that BIS
      monitoring led to a reduction in the mean propofol dose when the BIS value was
      used as the primary target for sedation in ERCP procedures.

PMID- 19967621
TI  - Transgastric biologic mesh delivery and abdominal wall hernia repair in a porcine
      model.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Incisional abdominal wall hernias currently require
      repair with open or laparoscopic surgery, which is associated with wound
      complications and recurrent hernia formation. Natural orifice transluminal
      endoscopic surgery (NOTES) techniques may have the potential to decrease the
      morbidity associated with hernia repair. The aim of this study was to repair a
      chronic ventral hernia with a biologic mesh placed transgastrically in a porcine
      model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six pigs underwent creation of an incisional
      abdominal wall hernia. At least 4 weeks later, transgastric repair was done using
      an underlay biologic mesh with at least 5 cm of overlap from the hernia fascial
      edge. The mesh was secured with transfascial sutures and the stomach was closed
      with a sutured gastropexy. Pigs were evaluated 2 weeks later by laparoscopy. Pigs
      were sacrificed and necropsy wa s performed 4 weeks after the repair. RESULTS:
      Six pigs underwent hernia repair lasting a mean (+/- SD) of 204 +/- 123 minutes,
      with one perioperative death. At 2 weeks after hernia repair, laparoscopy showed
      significant adhesions in all pigs; one pig had extensive mesh infection and was
      sacrificed. Necropsy on one pig at 2 weeks and four pigs at 4 weeks showed
      complete coverage of the hernia defect in all pigs. All pigs had mesh abscesses
      or a positive mesh culture. CONCLUSION: Transgastric repair of a chronic ventral
      hernia is technically feasible. Difficulties with mesh delivery and infection
      need to be overcome before this approach can be used in humans.

PMID- 19967622
TI  - Quality assurance and credentialing in endoscopy: why drown us in paperwork and
      regulations?

PMID- 19967623
TI  - Quality assurance and credentialing in endoscopy: the standard of care for the
      future?

PMID- 19967624
TI  - Closing the gap: progress for NOTES.

PMID- 19967626
TI  - Risky endoscopy for acute aortic dissection with hematemesis.

PMID- 19967627
TI  - Treatment strategy for early gastric cancer with the risk of pyloric stenosis
      after endoscopic resection.

PMID- 19967630
TI  - Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle marking of lymph nodes.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: No previous studies have evaluated the ability of
      endoscopic ultrasonography to describe the anatomic location of lymph nodes on
      the basis of a node-to-node comparison. The aim of this study was to assess the
      feasibility and safety of a new endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle
      technique for marking lymph nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients
      with suspected or confirmed malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal tract were
      prospectively included. EUS-guided fine-needle marking (EUS-FNM) was performed
      with a silver pin with a diameter that allowed it to fit into a 19-gauge needle.
      The position of the pin was verified by EUS. End points were the ability to
      identify and isolate the marked lymph node during surgery and a comparison
      between the location of the pin as suggested by EUS and the actual location found
      in the resected specimen. RESULTS: Twenty-three lymph nodes were marked. Nineteen
      intended surgical isolations were performed. The lymph nodes were isolated in the
      resection specimens in 18 patients (95 %). In 2 out of 20 cases the pin was not
      localized by laparoscopic ultrasonography. In 89 % of the cases the marked lymph
      node was in the same location as described by EUS. One pin (5 %) was not
      retrieved. In three cases, a small hematoma was observed. There was no sign of
      long-term complications. CONCLUSION: EUS-FNM with a silver pin in lymph nodes is
      feasible and safe. EUS-FNM seems to be a suitable tool for evaluating lymph nodes
      on the basis of a node-to-node comparison.

PMID- 19967631
TI  - Oolong tea is useful for lens cleansing in transnasal small-caliber
      esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Unsedated transnasal small-caliber
      esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been used to examine the upper
      gastrointestinal tract with proven feasibility and tolerability. However, a
      limitation of transnasal EGD is the poor lens-cleansing function of the scope due
      to the small-caliber water-jet nozzle. Therefore, this trial was designed to
      evaluate the cleansing effect of oolong tea for transnasal small-caliber EGD.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: Oolong tea (O), barley tea (B), and distilled water (W)
      were prepared as washing solutions for endoscopic lenses. Study I: after the
      lenses were soiled by lard oil, they were washed with one of the three washing
      solutions, and the image quality of photographs was judged. Study II: 982
      patients who were due to undergo transnasal EGD were enrolled and randomly
      assigned to the O-, B-, or W-groups. The level of lens cleansing, the overall
      time required for endoscopy, and the volume of washing solution used were
      measured. RESULTS: Study I: the image quality of photographs taken with lenses
      washed with oolong tea was significantly superior to that associated with other
      solutions. Study II: the level of lens cleansing in the O-group was significantly
      superior to that of the B- and W-groups ( P < 0.001). The volume of solution used
      for lens cleansing in the O-group was significantly smaller than that in the W
      group ( P < 0.05). Endoscopic examination times in the O-group were shorter than
      those in the B- and W-groups ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In transnasal small
      caliber EGD, oolong tea instead of water as a washing solution for endoscopic
      lens cleansing is useful to maintain good visibility.

PMID- 19967632
TI  - Frequency of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients with previously normal
      sphincter of Oddi manometry studies.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM), performed at
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), is the gold standard for
      diagnosing sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). The question remains as to
      whether the short-term manometric recordings reflect the 24-hour pathophysiology
      of the sphincter. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SOD in
      persistently symptomatic patients with previously normal SOM studies. PATIENTS
      AND METHODS: All patients who underwent ERCP for suspected SOD over a 13-year
      period (1994 - 2007) were considered for inclusion in the study. Patients with an
      intact papilla and a previously normal SOM who had a repeat ERCP for persistent
      symptoms formed the study group. SOM was performed in conventional retrograde
      fashion. RESULTS: In all, 5352 patients without prior papillary intervention
      underwent SOM during the study period. A total of 1037 patients had normal SOM,
      and of these, 30 patients (27 female, mean age 40.1 years) underwent repeat ERCP
      for persistent symptoms. The median duration between the two ERCPs was 493.5 days
      (range 52-3538 days). In these 30 patients, SOD classification prior to the
      initial ERCP was: type I in one patient (not treated in 1994), type II in 17
      patients, and type III in 12 patients. Of the 30 patients, 12 (40%) had normal
      SOM at repeat ERCP; SOD was diagnosed in 18/30 (60%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: A
      single SOM study may not represent the day-to-day physiology of the sphincter of
      Oddi; sphincter pathology may progress over time. One normal exam may not rule
      out SOD. A repeat ERCP with manometry may be warranted in a subset of patients
      with persistent debilitating symptoms and a high index of suspicion for SOD.
      Outcome data are needed to determine whether this approach justifies the
      potential risks of ERCP.

PMID- 19967633
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal tumors.

PMID- 19967634
TI  - Factors adversely affecting student learning in the clinical learning
      environment: a student perspective.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate, from the students' perspective, factors that may
      adversely affect student learning in the clinical environment. METHOD: Medical
      students evaluated the perceived effectiveness of the clinical learning
      environment at the end of various clerkship rotations, such as surgery,
      gynaecology, paediatrics, ophthalmology. After each clerkship students answered a
      standard questionnaire containing closed-ended questions about supervision,
      patient contacts, organisation, learning effectiveness and the learning climate,
      as well as one open-ended question about the clerkship-site's perceived
      weaknesses. Because supervision is crucial to the quality of clerkships but often
      lacking, we compared clerkship-sites with relatively low and high ratings on
      supervision and analysed students' comments on the weaknesses of their clerkship
      sites. RESULTS: Factors that students perceived were inhibiting learning were too
      few opportunities for students to examine patients independently and lack of time
      for supervision. In addition, lack of observation, insufficient feedback,
      negative attitudes of the staff towards students and teaching, the presence of
      too many students at one time, too few educational sessions, and poor
      organisation were mentioned as perceived weaknesses in open-ended comments.
      CONCLUSIONS: Based on these students' perceptions, effective clerkships should
      present students with patients with a variety of health problems who can be
      examined both independently and with supervision. Continuity of supervision is
      important and can be addressed by assigning a teacher or mentor to each student.

PMID- 19967635
TI  - Using case scenarios and role plays to explore issues of human sexuality.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Doctors and medical students should know what to ask patients,
      should do so in a sensitive and caring manner and convey a supportive, non
      judgmental attitude to their patients, especially with regard to sexual and
      reproductive issues. The Manipal College of Medical Sciences (MCOMS), Pokhara,
      Nepal admits students from Nepal, India, Sri Lanka and other countries to the
      undergraduate medical (MBBS) course. In the MBBS curriculum sexual and
      reproductive issues are not adequately covered. METHODS: The Department of
      Medical Education at MCOMS organized a voluntary Medical Humanities module and
      conducted a session on social issues in the use of medications. Issues regarding
      sexual and reproductive health were explored using case scenarios and role plays.
      RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This manuscript describes selected case scenarios and
      various sexuality-related issues covered. The students and the faculty members
      were of the opinion that sexual and reproductive issues are a grey area in the
      curriculum. The case scenarios appeared to be successful in sensitizing students
      and faculty members about certain issues of sexuality. Participants felt the
      skills acquired would be useful in their future practice. Based on this
      experience, the module will be modified and strengthened, along with the
      evaluation process.

PMID- 19967636
TI  - Profile and career preferences of pharmacy students at the University of Limpopo,
      Turfloop Campus, South Africa.
AB  - CONTEXT: There is a maldistribution of pharmacists in the South African health
      system, with only 15.6% of pharmacists working in the public sector, while the
      public sector serves more than 80% of the population. SETTING: University of
      Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Pharmacy Programme. OBJECTIVE: To establish the profile
      and career preferences of University of Limpopo pharmacy students and investigate
      factors likely to influence their choices. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive
      study of Bachelor of Pharmacy students, using a semi-structured questionnaire.
      FINDINGS: The response rate was 93% (157/169), with 44% female and 69% between
      the ages of 21 to 25 years. Nearly 80% of respondents were of rural origin; 77%
      attended rural government schools, 18% urban government schools, and 4% attended
      private schools. Only 39% of students indicated pharmacy as their first choice
      and 47% as second choice. Forty-six percent of the responding students preferred
      to work in a government hospital, 36% in industry, and 7%, 6% and 3% in private
      hospitals, the retail sector and academia, respectively. About 40% indicated a
      preference to work in rural areas. Most of the students stated service to
      community and paying back their sponsor as their main reasons for government
      hospital preference. Money, in combination with other reasons (e.g., working
      conditions), influenced work sector preference for less than 15% of responding
      students - with non-monetary incentives apparently more influential in student
      public sector preferences. CONCLUSIONS: Most University of Limpopo pharmacy
      students intend to work in rural areas and the public sector, and are mainly
      motivated by the need to serve the community.

PMID- 19967637
TI  - Using a community-based participatory approach to create a resource center for
      Native Hawaiian elders.
AB  - CONTEXT: Historically, Native Hawaiian elders have been recognized as the major
      sources of wisdom and transmitters of knowledge and training to younger
      generations. Yet, concerns exist today for these elders who experience shorter
      life expectancies, poorer health and greater disability than elders in other
      ethnic groups in Hawai;i. OBJECTIVE: We describe Ha Kupuna: National Resource
      Center for Native Hawaiian Elders, established at the University of Hawaii to
      address disparate health and improve the access and delivery of services to these
      elders. METHOD: Ha Kupuna is described in accordance with the principles of
      community-based participatory (CBP) research with its unique emphasis on
      culturally competent practice. RESULTS: Application of the CBP approach is
      illustrated in the following steps: community engagement; development of an
      infrastructure; implementation and dissemination of research and technical
      assistance projects; and evaluation. DISCUSSION: The CBP approach is highly
      relevant for Native Hawaiians because of its alignment with cultural values, the
      mobilization of the community and the emphasis on reducing health inequities
      through social change. In adhering to a CBP approach to improve the health of
      elders, Ha Kupuna seeks to perpetuate the culture through the transmission of ha
      (breath) from older to younger generations.

PMID- 19967638
TI  - Online faculty development for medical educators: experience of a South Asian
      program.
AB  - CONTEXT: India has the highest number of medical schools in the world. Teacher
      shortages and inadequate training of existing faculty are a major problem. On
      line faculty development and learning is a plausible component of developing
      medical teachers in the essentials of pedagogy. METHODS: An on-line faculty
      development learning process utilized by Regional Institute Fellows of the
      Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research
      (FAIMER) is described. This faculty development program begins with a face-to
      face meeting followed by an 11-month intersession on-line experience, then
      another face-to-face meeting and a second 11-month intersession on-line
      experience. During each on-line session, Fellows participate in discussions on
      topics which they identify based on their learning needs. The on-line program is
      highly interactive and Fellows and faculty serve as moderators. Discussions have
      a conversational tone and a semi-structured format which Fellows develop along
      with the faculty moderator. The participants share their personal and
      professional experiences and the moderator 'wraps up' with a summary of the
      learning posted at the end of the month. Faculty facilitate the discussion,
      sharing appropriate resources and clarifying issues when necessary. CONCLUSIONS:
      More than the content exchanged, the interpersonal learning environment
      facilitated effective learning, and rejuvenated the learning experiences and
      network established during the face-to-face sessions. In view of its cost
      effectiveness and the flexible choices it offers, focused, moderated, interactive
      on-line faculty development and learning needs to be considered seriously as a
      medium offering opportunities to medical educators and other professionals.

PMID- 19967639
TI  - Easing the transition: medical students' perceptions of critical skills required
      for the clerkships.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The preclinical years of undergraduate medical education provide
      educational content in a structured learning environment whereas clerkships
      provide clinical training in a more experiential manner. Although early clinical
      skills training is emphasized in many medical schools, students still feel
      unprepared and anxious about starting their clerkships. This study identifies the
      skills medical students perceive as essential and those skill areas students are
      most anxious about prior to starting clerkship rotations. METHODS: Open-ended
      questionnaires were administered to two cohorts of students, preclinical students
      (PCS) completing their second year and clinical students (CS) in the ninth month
      of the clinical training of their third year at a single urban US medical school.
      The following questions were addressed in the survey: which three clinical skills
      do they perceive are most essential for the clerkships; which skills are students
      most anxious about as they enter clerkships; and what additional skills training
      should be provided to students to ease the transition into clerkships. RESULTS:
      Response rate to the questionnaire was 84%. PCS (n=93) reported the three most
      essential skills to be prepared for clerkships are: history taking/physical
      examination (73%), proficiency in oral case presentations (56%), and generation
      of differential diagnosis (46%). CS (n=105) reported interpersonal skills (80%),
      history taking/physical examination (37%), and time management (26%) as most
      essential. PCS were most anxious about their oral case presentation skills (30%),
      but CS were most concerned about time management and self care (40%).
      CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the skills that students at one school regard
      as most important to have mastered before beginning clerkship training and the
      areas students find most anxiety provoking before and after they make the
      transition into clerkships. These results can inform medical educators about
      needed curriculum to facilitate this transition and decrease the anxiety of
      students entering the clinical realm.

PMID- 19967640
TI  - The Northern Ontario School of Medicine: responding to the needs of the people
      and communities of Northern Ontario.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Northern Ontario, like many rural and remote regions around the
      world, has a chronic shortage of health professionals. Recognizing that medical
      graduates who have grown up in rural areas are more likely to practice in rural
      settings, the Government of Ontario, Canada established a new medical school with
      a social accountability mandate to contribute to improving the health of the
      peoples and communities of Northern Ontario. BACKGROUND: The Northern Ontario
      School of Medicine (NOSM) is a joint initiative of Laurentian University in
      Sudbury and Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, cities one thousand kilometers
      apart. The NOSM model of medical education is built on several recent educational
      developments including rural-based medical education, social accountability of
      medical education and electronic distance education. This paper describes these
      developments as background to presenting the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
      as a socially accountable, geographically distributed rural-based medical school.
      NOSM MD PROGRAM: The school actively seeks to recruit students for the MD program
      from Northern Ontario or similar northern, rural, remote, Aboriginal, and
      Francophone backgrounds. The holistic, cohesive curriculum is grounded in
      Northern Ontario and relies heavily on broadband electronic communications to
      support distributed, community engaged learning. Students, both in classroom and
      clinical settings, explore cases as if they were physicians in Northern Ontario
      communities. Clinical education takes place in a wide range of community and
      health service settings so that students can experience the diversity of
      communities and cultures in Northern Ontario. CONCLUSION: Although NOSM is still
      in the early stages of development, there are encouraging signs that the school's
      evidence-based model of medical education will be successful in developing a
      sustainable, community responsive health workforce for Northern Ontario.

PMID- 19967641
TI  - Collaboration between academic institutions towards faculty development for
      educators.

PMID- 19967642
TI  - Making a difference: an interview with Sarah Kiguli. Interview by Jane Westberg.

PMID- 19967643
TI  - In the news! An opinion--teachers unite!

PMID- 19967644
TI  - World health care reformers unite!

PMID- 19967646
TI  - Clinical research in pediatric nephrology: challenges, and strategies to address
      them.
AB  - There are many obstacles to conducting meaningful clinical research studies in
      children with kidney disease. This review describes some of the challenges facing
      clinical investigators in pediatric nephrology, and proposes strategies to
      overcome them. Four broad categories of challenges are considered: inadequate
      power, funding issues, ethical issues and practical barriers. Power is influenced
      not just by sample size, but also by population heterogeneity and the outcome
      chosen; these issues are discussed in detail. Ethical issues and practical
      barriers of particular relevance to pediatric studies are considered. Examples of
      successful multicenter studies are provided. In addition, some of the strengths
      and limitations of existing registry data are highlighted.

PMID- 19967647
TI  - Vascular calcification and QT interval in incident hemodialysis patients.
AB  - This study proposes [corrected] to evaluate the impact of different phosphate
      binders on the slowing of [corrected]cardiovascular calcification [corrected] and
      QT dispersion in incident haemodialysis patients with a follow-up of [corrected]
      36 months. This is to be a [corrected] randomized, multicenter, perspective,
      [corrected] interventional study. Inclusion criteria are age over 18 years and
      being an [corrected] incident patient [corrected] on hemodialysis. Exclusion
      criteria are congenital prolongation of QT segment syndrome, QT-c >440 ms,
      bradycardia <50 beats per minute, symptomatic [corrected] arrhythmia or any other
      significant heart problems; electrolyte imbalances [corrected] (especially
      hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia or [corrected] hypocalcemia); abnormal liver function
      tests and [corrected] hypothyroidism. An informed consent will be taken at study
      entry. The patients will be randomized to 2 cohorts: [corrected] 180 patients in
      the sevelamer [corrected] group and 180 patients in calcium-binder phosphate
      group. Related vascular calcification mortality is the principal end point
      [corrected] and will be evaluated at 36 months.

PMID- 19967648
TI  - Paired kidney donations to expand the living donor pool.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The shortage of available deceased donors and the longer kidney
      transplant waiting lists in many countries around the world have placed greater
      emphasis on living donation (LD) as a means of meeting demand for transplantation
      in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Increased
      LD rates are also driven by less invasive approaches to donor nephrectomy and by
      the excellent long-term results. LD kidney transplant outcomes are equivalent, if
      not superior, to those from deceased donors, even when donor and recipient are
      not genetically related, as is the case with spousal donations, the most frequent
      cohort of LD. Approximately 30% of willing and otherwise appropriate kidney
      donor/recipient pairs are biologically incompatible and do not proceed to live
      donor transplantation. In recent years, a number of strategies have been
      introduced to expand living donation programs beyond the classical direct
      donation, to overcome immunological barriers of blood group or HLA sensitization
      of recipients. New strategies in LD include paired kidney exchange (PKE),
      altruistic donation, altruistic donor chains and list exchange programs. Other
      alternative programs are desensitization and transplantation across the blood
      type barrier. Regular PKE programs operate nationally in The Netherlands and the
      United Kingdom, or regionally in South Korea, Romania, the United States and
      Australia. CONCLUSIONS: If PKE were performed routinely using 2-way or 3-way PKE
      and altruistic donor chains, the rate of kidney transplants could increase by
      between 7% and 10%.

PMID- 19967649
TI  - Transforming growth factor-beta as a treatment target in renal diseases.
AB  - A number of studies have identified transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) as
      a critical factor in renal diseases such as glomerulosclerosis and
      mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. TGF-beta stimulates proliferation of
      mesangial cells, production of extracellular matrix components and induces
      epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in renal tissue, which plays a critical
      role in the pathogenesis of renal injury. Thus, TGF-beta is a treatment target in
      renal diseases. However, progressive renal diseases cannot be cured with present
      medical technologies. We have developed ribozymes and a novel gene silencer
      pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeted to TGF-beta that effectively ameliorate
      renal injury in hypertensive rats.

PMID- 19967650
TI  - Arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients.
AB  - Despite substantial progress in dialysis patients' management, cardiovascular
      disease remains the major cause of death. Nearly half of deaths on dialysis are
      secondary to myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, malignant arrhythmias and
      other cardiac causes. The high prevalence of diabetes, anemia,
      hyperparathyroidism and hypertension among chronic dialysis patients fosters
      structural heart diseases. Moreover, fluid overload and metabolic abnormalities
      such as metabolic acidosis, dyskalemia and dysmagnesemia lead to an increased
      risk of clinically significant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. End-stage
      renal disease (ESRD) is often characterized by the presence of sympathetic
      hyperactivity and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
      Control of sympathetic outflow, blockade of the RAAS and prevention of
      electrolyte disorders should be the mainstay of cardiovascular prevention in ESRD
      patients. This review summarizes the current available literature regarding the
      epidemiology of arrhythmias in dialysis patients, the underlying mechanism of
      atrial fibrillation or sudden death and potential interventions to reduce the
      risk of arrhythmias in dialysis patients, including medical therapy or
      defibrillators.

PMID- 19967651
TI  - Effect of paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms on clinical course of Henoch-Schonlein
      purpura.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis; its
      pathogenesis is still unknown. Oxidative stress may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of HSP. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme. Two
      polymorphisms have been defined in the coding region of the PON1 gene, Q/R192 and
      L/M55. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PON1 gene
      polymorphisms on the course and renal involvement of HSP in Turkish children.
      METHOD: Forty-six patients with HSP were compared with 34 healthy children
      regarding the distribution of PON1 polymorphisms. RESULTS: PON1 Q/R192 genotype
      distribution was 58.6% QQ, 32.6% QR and 8.8% RR in the HSP group and 14.3% QQ,
      50% QR and 35.7% RR in the control group. The frequency of QQ genotype was higher
      in the HSP group, and the presence of QQ genotype increased the risk by 3.42-fold
      for developing HSP (p=0.000, Fisher exact test; odds ratio [OR] = 2.048; 95%
      confidence interval [95% CI], 1.396-3.00). PON1 L/M55 genotype distribution was
      50% LL, 43.5% LM and 6.5% MM in the HSP group and 48% LL, 26% LM and 26% MM in
      the control group. The frequency of MM genotype was lower in the HSP group, and
      the presence of MM genotype decreased the risk by 7.38-fold for developing HSP
      (p=0.009, Fisher exact test; OR=7.380, 95% CI, 1.474-36.953). CONCLUSION: PON1
      polymorphisms may contribute to the pathogenesis and course of HSP, but we
      suggest that further investigations with larger patient groups are required to
      confirm our results.

PMID- 19967652
TI  - Association between oxidant/antioxidant markers and proteinuria in type 2
      diabetes: results in 142 patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The relationship between oxidant/antioxidant markers and proteinuria
      in type 2 diabetes is not clear, partly because of the potentially confounding
      effect of renal function which tends to become impaired during the course of
      diabetes. METHODS: We measured oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL),
      malondialdehyde (MDA) and extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in 142 type
      2 diabetic patients (67 men). Renal function was assessed by plasma creatinine
      and glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS: The group with proteinuria (n=78) was
      closely similar to the normoalbuminuric group (n=64) in age; body mass index;
      smoking habit; history of coronary artery disease; diabetes duration; use of
      lipid-lowering, antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents; blood pressure; fasting
      blood glucose; hemoglobin A1C and lipid profile. However, renal function was
      poorer and the proportion of males was higher in patients with proteinuria. When
      the effects of sex and renal function were controlled for, proteinuria was not a
      significant correlate of high Ox-LDL, but high MDA and EC-SOD levels were both
      significantly associated with proteinuria (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There are
      significant associations, independent of renal function status, between
      proteinuria and MDA as well as between proteinuria and EC-SOD in type 2 diabetes.

PMID- 19967653
TI  - Pattern of pediatric renal disease observed in native renal biopsies in Pakistan.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: In the absence of a national pediatric renal biopsy registry, there
      is a paucity of information on the pattern of childhood renal disease observed in
      Pakistan. A few studies previously reported are based on light microscopic study
      of renal biopsies only. This is the first study from this country which is based
      on light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic study of native renal
      biopsies. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of native renal biopsies
      performed in children who presented with signs and symptoms related to renal
      diseases at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation during the period
      of July 1995 to June 2008. The renal biopsy diagnoses were categorized into the
      following groups: primary glomerulopathies, secondary glomerulopathies,
      tubulointerstitial diseases, renal vascular diseases, hereditary diseases and
      unclassified. RESULTS: Glomerulopathies were the commonest diagnosis,
      representing 93.34% of all biopsies. Primary glomerulopathies accounted for
      87.64% and secondary glomerulopathies for 5.7%. When primary glomerulopathies
      were further analyzed, minimal change disease was the leading histopathological
      pattern, found in 29.4% of all biopsies, followed by focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis, seen in 21.8% of cases. Among secondary glomerulopathies,
      lupus nephritis was the commonest, followed by amyloidosis and hemolytic uremic
      syndrome. Tubulointerstitial and vascular diseases were rare, representing 2.8%
      and 0.8% of all biopsy diagnoses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our pattern of
      biopsied pediatric renal pathology is similar to that reported recently in series
      with similar biopsy indications from other parts of the world.

PMID- 19967654
TI  - Primary IgA nephropathy is more severe in TGF-beta1 high secretor patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis
      worldwide and is characterized by extremely variable clinical and morphological
      features and outcome. TGF-beta1 has a key role in fibrogenesis and the
      progression of renal damage. Its production is under genetic control. METHODS: We
      recruited 105 Italian biopsy-proven IgAN patients for genotyping for the TGF
      beta1 C-509T, T869C (COD 10) and G915C (COD 25) polymorphisms; 200 healthy blood
      donors were used as normal controls. Glomerular and interstitial mRNA levels of
      TGF-beta1 were assessed by real-time PCR in 34 patients to seek relationships
      with clinical, renal histopathological features and outcome. RESULTS: The
      genotype distributions in the IgAN population were not statistically different
      from the controls. The COD 10 TT genotype was associated with more severe
      histological damage as assessed by Lee's classification (CC 50%, CT 39.6% and TT
      17.2% were graded as mild; CC 35.7%, CT 43.7% and TT 44.8% as moderate, and CC
      14.3%, CT 16.7% and TT 37.9% as severe [p=0.0049]) and with severe interstitial
      infiltrates (CC 10.4%, CT 35.2% and TT 54.2% [p=0.03]). A higher interstitial
      immunodeposition was observed for TGF-beta1, collagen IV and alpha-SMA in
      patients with the COD 10 T allele (p=0.045, p=0.049, p=0.032, respectively). The
      T allele was associated with significantly higher TGF-beta1 mRNA levels in the
      interstitium (TT+CT vs. CC: 0.52 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.10 copies/mL,
      respectively; p=0.000). The T allele was also associated with higher mRNA levels
      in glomeruli, though the difference was not statistically significant. Finally,
      the T allele was significantly associated with a worse prognosis, the end points
      being reached by 40% of TT+CT and 32% of CC patients (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: In
      primary IgA nephropathy, the T allele of the TGF-beta1 COD 10 C/T polymorphism
      seems to be associated with more severe histological lesions, higher renal TGF
      beta1 mRNA levels and a worse prognosis. This polymorphism seems to be
      functionally relevant and to have a prognostic impact.

PMID- 19967655
TI  - Cool temperature hemodialysis and biocompatibility in chronic hemodialysis
      patients: a preliminary study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cooler temperature dialysate (TD) has gained in popularity in the
      treatment of hypotension during hemodialysis (HD). In this study we verified the
      hypothesis of an eventual involvement of cytokines. METHODS: Four patients on
      regular HD underwent two 4-hour HD sessions once at 37 degrees C TD and once at
      35 degrees C TD. The concentration of the cytokines (cyt) IL-1, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12
      and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured before the HD session
      initiation and after 20, 60, 120 and 240 minutes. Body temperature, weight, blood
      pressure and heart rate were registered at the same time points. RESULTS: We
      found a higher blood pressure at 35 degrees C but no intradialytic differences in
      cyt concentration at 35 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The percentage changes of cyt
      from baseline were very slight, except for IL-8 which decreased by 40% both at 35
      degrees C and 37 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that
      cytokines do not seem play a relevant role in determining the favorable effects
      of cooler TD on blood pressure. Our study is preliminary and our results need to
      be confirmed by other studies.

PMID- 19967656
TI  - Recurrent urinary tract infection in girls: do urodynamic, behavioral and
      functional abnormalities play a role?
AB  - BACKGROUND: To determine urodynamic, behavioral and functional abnormalities
      predisposing to recurrent urinary tract infection in 5- to 17-year-old girls.
      METHODS: A prospective case-control study was carried out. A total of 148 girls
      met inclusion criteria. They received a careful evaluation including complete
      history, voiding-drinking diary, bowel questionnaire, physical investigation,
      sonography, voiding cystourethrogram and urodynamic investigation. RESULTS: In a
      multivariate model, independent risk factors for recurrent urinary tract
      infection included age <or=6.5 years at first urinary tract infection (odds ratio
      [OR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.85-0.98), abnormal voiding
      frequency (OR=5.3; 95% CI, 1.1-26.2), voiding postponement (OR=3.8; 95% CI, 1.4
      10.1), poor fluid intake (OR=9.2; 95% CI, 2.5-33.6) and residual urine volume of
      >20 mL (OR=1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1). CONCLUSIONS: Independent risk factors for
      recurrent urinary tract infection were age <or=6.5 years at first urinary tract
      infection, abnormal voiding frequency, voiding postponement, poor fluid intake
      and residual urine. Our results indicate that none of the urodynamic factors was
      significantly associated with recurrence of urinary tact infection in girls.

PMID- 19967657
TI  - Inflammation modifies the association of osteoprotegerin with mortality in
      chronic kidney disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The production and expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a bone
      regulating protein, is regulated by inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: As clinical
      and experimental studies have implicated OPG in atherogenesis, we investigated
      serum OPG in relation to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative
      stress markers in 265 chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 patients.
      Cardiovascular disease (CVD), carotid plaques (n=69) and mortality (5 years) in
      relation to OPG were also analyzed, and the impact of inflammation on the
      association of OPG with mortality was evaluated. RESULTS: OPG correlated
      positively with circulating surrogate markers of inflammatory, endothelial
      dysfunction and oxidative stress. Patients with clinical CVD or carotid plaques
      had higher concentrations of OPG than their respective counterparts. Increased
      OPG levels per se were related to higher cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
      even after adjustment for age, sex, C-reactive protein, diabetes mellitus and
      baseline CVD. Moreover, the presence of inflammation further and independently
      aggravated the hazard ratios (HR) for both cardiovascular (HR=2.8; 95% confidence
      interval [95% CI], 1.3-6.4; p=0.01) and all-cause (HR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-4.5;
      p<0.01) mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated OPG levels are associated with surrogate
      markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and CVD in CKD
      patients. Moreover, inflammation and OPG levels seem to have additive effects on
      survival.

PMID- 19967658
TI  - Evaluation of bone remodeling in hemodialysis patients: serum biochemistry,
      circulating cytokines and bone histomorphometry.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To optimize the noninvasive evaluation of bone remodeling, we
      evaluated, besides routine serum markers, serum levels of several cytokines
      involved in bone turnover. METHODS: A transiliac bone biopsy was performed in 47
      hemodialysis patients. Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH; 1-84),
      total alkaline phosphatases (tAP), calcium, phosphate and aluminum (Al) were
      measured. Circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 receptor antagonist
      (IL-1Ra) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6r) were determined using ELISA.
      Circulating IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
      (TNF-alpha) were simultaneously quantified by flow cytometric immunoassay.
      RESULTS: Patients with low/normal bone formation rate (L/N-BFR) had significantly
      lower serum iPTH (p<0.001) and tAP (p<0.008) and significantly higher Al
      (p<0.025) than patients with high BFR. Serum calcium and phosphorus, however, did
      not differ (p=NS). An iPTH >300 pg/mL in association with tAP >120 U/L showed low
      sensitivity (58.8%) and low negative predictive value (44.0%) for the diagnosis
      of high BFR disease. An iPTH <300 pg/mL in association with normal or low tAP,
      <120 U/L, was associated with low sensitivity (66.7%) but high specificity
      (97.1%) for the diagnosis of L/N-BFR. Serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha
      were positively correlated with BFR, serum IL1-Ra and IL-10 with bone area, and
      by multiple regression analysis, tAP and IL-6 were independently predictive of
      BFR. CONCLUSIONS: Significant associations were found between several circulating
      cytokines and bone histomorphometry in dialysis patients. The usefulness of these
      determinations in the noninvasive evaluation of bone remodeling needs to be
      confirmed in larger dialysis populations.

PMID- 19967659
TI  - Accepting or declining dialysis: considerations taken into account by elderly
      patients with end-stage renal disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with end-stage renal disease have to make a
      difficult decision whether or not to start dialysis. This study explores the
      considerations taken into account by these patients in decision-making regarding
      renal replacement therapy. METHOD: In-depth interviews were conducted to gain an
      enhanced understanding of the considerations in treatment decision-making.
      Fourteen patients aged 65 years or older participated in the interviews, of whom
      8 patients had made the decision to start, and 6 patients the decision to
      decline, dialysis. RESULTS: All participating patients had a variety of health
      problems, but appeared to have normal cognitive functions. Patients who declined
      dialysis were older and more often men and widow(er)s compared with patients who
      accepted dialysis. Patients chose to start dialysis because they enjoyed life,
      were not prepared to face the end of life, felt they had no other choice or had
      care-giving responsibilities for family members. Patients declined dialysis
      because of the speculated loss of autonomy, their age-associated decrease in
      vitality, distance from dialysis center and reluctance to think about the future.
      CONCLUSION: Results suggest that patients' decisions to decline or accept
      dialysis are not based on the effectiveness of the treatment, but rather on
      personal values, beliefs and feelings toward life, suffering and death, and the
      expected difficulties in fitting the treatment into their life.

PMID- 19967660
TI  - Peroxynitrite plays a key role in glomerular lesions in diabetic rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in chronic complications of
      diabetes such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), the main cause of renal failure. In
      diabetes, whether peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), generated from inducible nitric oxide
      synthase (iNOS) induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), plays a
      primary role in the pathogenesis of glomerular lesion is not yet fully known.
      This study was designed to investigate the role of exaggerated ONOO(-) in
      glomerular lesions of diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in Sprague
      Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin, and aminoguanidine
      was used as selective inhibitor of iNOS. The iNOS transcription and protein
      distribution and content in rat glomeruli were detected. Nitrotyrosine (NT), a
      specific marker of ONOO(-), was measured to represent the distribution and
      content of ONOO(-) in rat glomeruli. TNF-alpha level and nitric oxide (NO)
      content were evaluated, and the pathological changes in the rat glomeruli were
      observed. Biochemical indicators of renal function were also measured. RESULTS:
      TNF-alpha level and NO content, iNOS expression and its protein content, and NT
      content increased significantly, in accordance with the pathological changes of
      glomerulus and renal dysfunction in the diabetes group. Aminoguanidine was found
      to inhibit iNOS and then reduce ONOO(-) overformation, attenuating the
      pathological alterations. CONCLUSION: This study clarified clearly that
      exaggerated ONOO(-) formation, generated from induced iNOS may play a key role in
      glomerular lesions in diabetic rats.

PMID- 19967661
TI  - Successful pregnancy in a female patient with congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD)
      and renal impairment.
AB  - We report a successful case of pregnancy in a female patient with congenital
      chloride diarrhea (CLD) and reduced renal function due to interruption of
      treatment. CLD is an autosomal recessive disorder of intestinal electrolyte
      absorption caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26, member 3
      (SLC26A3) gene, and continuous production of watery diarrhea induces dehydration,
      metabolic alkalosis and many kinds of electrolyte disturbances in CLD patients.
      The patient in our case was a 24-year-old female CLD patient with moderate renal
      impairment; a renal biopsy specimen showed minimal glomerular changes, but
      tubulointerstitial damage by crystal formation, consistent with renal function
      data. One year after our initial examination and reinstitution of therapy, the
      patient got married and soon conceived. There were no major problems during the
      course of pregnancy, and the patient successfully delivered a healthy full-term
      infant vaginally. The symptoms and clinical course of the patient were
      particularly mild, and we discuss possible reasons for these observations from a
      perspective of genotype, phenotype and environmental conditions.

PMID- 19967662
TI  - Ocular morbidity of traumatic hyphema in a Jamaican hospital.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the outcome of patients with hyphema secondary to ocular
      contusion. METHOD: A retrospective review of the ophthalmic records of 44
      consecutive patients with traumatic hyphema secondary to ocular trauma presenting
      to the Eye Clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies between May 2004
      and November 2007. RESULTS: The mean age was 21 years (95% confidence interval
      [CI] 16.4-25.5 years). Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 22 months. The most
      common mechanism of injury was impact by a missile and 41% occurred at home. The
      mean visual acuity at presentation was logMAR 1.85 (95% CI 1.4-2.3) and at 3
      months improved to logMAR 0.63 (95% CI 0.3-1.0). The presenting intraocular
      pressure (IOP) ranged from 7-64 mmHg with 45.4% (20/44) having IOP of greater
      than 21 mmHg; 18% had the sickle cell trait. A total of 72.7% of patients
      presented with a grade I hyphema. Surgical intervention was indicated in 20.5%
      (9/44), which included anterior chamber paracentesis/washout and trabeculectomy.
      The most frequent complications were secondary glaucoma (32.4%), angle recession
      (23.5%), cataract (20.6%), and commotio retinae (20.6%). In the sickle cell
      group, 80% presented with elevated IOP (29-64 mmHg) and 70% had complications. A
      total of 94.7% of patients had an IOP <21 mmHg at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS:
      Traumatic hyphema is a recognized cause of significant visual disability.
      Improved visual acuity was attained after 3 months. The presenting visual acuity
      correlated with the visual prognosis. Patients with posterior segment
      complications tended to have poorer visual outcomes. The presence of the sickle
      cell gene increased the risk of secondary glaucoma.

PMID- 19967663
TI  - Comparison of normal and amblyopic retinas by optical coherence tomography in
      children.
AB  - PURPOSE: To measure retinal thickness in eyes of children with regular visual
      development and in amblyopic eyes (distinguishing between mild and severe) by
      optical coherence tomography (OCT), establishing significant differences between
      them. METHODS: Following our previous study, 192 eyes of children from 4 to 10
      years old were examined: 68 with regular vision and 124 with ametropic amblyopia
      at the time of diagnosis (66 mild and 58 severe). The outside macular ring was
      analyzed by OCT, divided into 4 areas (superior, inferior, temporal and nasal).
      Effect of sex, age and refraction in retinal thickness obtained were studied.
      RESULTS: All retinal areas in the various groups showed a high correlation
      between them, with rates ranging between 0.652 and 0.718 (all p <0.001).
      According to results, all retinal areas are thicker in amblyopic eyes than in
      normal ones (p <0.05 in the upper and nasal), especially in slight amblyopia,
      which is up to 4.5% thicker than in normal eyes (maximum 11 mum in the nasal
      area, p <0.001). Differences were greater in females (up to 5.9% thicker). The
      inferior area in hyperopic eyes proved to be thicker, with no differences
      according to age. CONCLUSIONS: Retinas of eyes with ametropic amblyopia have a
      more considerable retinal thickness than in a normal eye, at least in some areas.
      The severity of amblyopia and gender are factors of interaction, not of
      confounding.

PMID- 19967664
TI  - Epidemiology of open-globe trauma in the southeast of Spain.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe epidemiologic and clinical findings of open-globe trauma
      (OGT) in the southeast area of Spain. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study
      of 94 eyes with OGT evaluated between 1999 and 2007, in a primary referral
      hospital. RESULTS: The incidence of OGT in our area was 6.76 per 100,000
      inhabitants/year. The majority of patients were male (89%) and young (80% of
      patients < 50 years old), with an average age of 37 +/- 20 years (mean +/- SD).
      The most common causes and location of injury were wire-induced trauma (50%) and
      accidents at work (56%), respectively. The types of injury encountered were
      ruptures, intraocular foreign bodies, perforating injury, penetrating injury, and
      mixed injury. Sixty-six percent of these injuries were penetrating in zone I
      (55%). The injuries found were vitreous hemorrhage (33%), cataracts (47%),
      vitreous prolapse (30%), retinal detachment (8%), endophthalmitis (2%), and
      associated with a facial trauma (7%). Eighty percent of surgery was carried out
      under general anesthesia. Fifty-one percent of the eyes underwent one operation
      only (5% were enucleated). Sixty-one percent of the eyes resulted in visual
      acuity of less than 50%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of OGT in the southeast of
      Spain is very high, being in most cases produced by accidents while using wire in
      greenhouses. This provokes severe monocular visual loss among the young
      population.

PMID- 19967665
TI  - Type II idiopathic macular telangiectasia and soft confluent drusen.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the simultaneous presentation of soft confluent drusen and
      type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT) in both eyes of one patient.
      METHODS: A 79-year-old man with bilateral metamorphopsia and gradual reduction of
      central vision underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. RESULTS: In this
      patient, fundus biomicroscopy revealed soft confluent drusen and a cystic
      appearance within the fovea, and fluorescein angiography (FA) showed late dye
      leakage. Interestingly, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) showed absence of
      late hypercyanescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography
      (Spectralis SD-OCT) clearly revealed the presence of bilateral foveal cysts with
      thinning and loss of the normal architecture of the outer retina, as well as
      absence of retinal thickening within the parafoveolar area showing discrete late
      dye leakage on FA. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with
      nonexudative age-related macular degeneration with foveal soft confluent drusen,
      and coincident nonproliferative type 2 IMT. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, there
      is no previously reported case of simultaneous presentation of soft confluent
      drusen and type 2 IMT. This report highlights the importance of ICGA and OCT in
      the correct diagnosis of such cases.

PMID- 19967666
TI  - Lamellar keratoplasty with a novel anterior chamber system and organ cultured
      donor corneas.
AB  - PURPOSE: To present a novel artificial anterior chamber system for anterior and
      posterior lamellar keratoplasty. METHODS: The artificial anterior chamber system
      MOZARTTM in conjunction with the AMADEUSTM II microkeratome was evaluated for its
      applicability in anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty using organ
      cultured donor corneas. RESULTS: Twelve patients underwent microkeratome-assisted
      lamellar keratoplasty for corneal opacifications due to either anterior stromal
      scaring or endothelial decompensation. Eight patients underwent Descemet
      stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and 4 patients underwent
      anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK). A 400-microm and 250-microm cutting head
      was used for DSAEK and ALK, respectively. In all patients, an 8.5-mm suction ring
      was applied. For the 250-microm cutting head, a mean anterior lamella thickness
      of 244+/-12 microm was found. For the 400-microm cutting head, a mean anterior
      lamella thickness of 390+/-18 microm was found. The graft diameter was 8.85+/-0.5
      mm for the 8.5-mm suction ring with both cutting heads. Deswelling of the
      anterior donor lamella was 11.5% compared to 30% of the posterior lamella
      transplant after 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The AMADEUSTM II
      microkeratome in conjunction with the MOZARTTM artificial anterior chamber system
      proved to be a suitable device for modern lamellar keratoplasty. Swelling and
      deswelling characteristics of organ cultured corneas need to be further
      investigated to optimize the deswelling time prior to donor cornea sectioning in
      lamellar keratoplasty.

PMID- 19967667
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy results of exogenous endophthalmitis in children.
AB  - PURPOSE: To identify the etiology, culture results, pars plana vitrectomy
      results, complications, and visual outcome of exogenous endophthalmitis in
      children. METHODS: Seven eyes of 7 consecutive pediatric patients who were
      treated and followed up for exogenous endophthalmitis between February 2006 and
      June 2008 were included in this study. The etiology of endophthalmos was
      penetrating eye injuries in 4 eyes and intraocular surgery in 3 eyes. Combined
      pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal vancomycin plus ceftazidime injection were
      performed on all 7 eyes. Anterior chamber fluid and vitreous cultures were taken
      from all eyes. The patient files were inspected retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean
      follow-up time was 10.3 months (4-16 months). Mean age of the patients was 8.5
      years (3-14 years). At baseline, visual acuity values of the patients were light
      perception (n=2), hand movements (n=4), and counting fingers from 1 meter (n=1).
      At final examination, visual acuity improved in 5 eyes, stayed the same in 1 eye,
      and decreased in 1 eye. Positive culture results were obtained in 3 eyes: alpha
      hemolytic Streptococcus (n=2) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n=1).
      Complications seen after vitreoretinal surgery were transient ocular
      hypertension, emulsification of silicone oil, phthisis bulbi, and secondary
      retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Early pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal
      vancomycin plus ceftazidime injection improved anatomic and functional success in
      pediatric eyes with exogenous endophthalmitis.

PMID- 19967668
TI  - Toxic anterior segment syndrome following iris-supported phakic IOL implantation
      with viscoelastic Multivisc BD.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report on the association between Multivisc BD and toxic anterior
      segment syndrome (TASS) post phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS:
      Two patients developed severe toxic anterior chamber inflammation following
      implantation of phakic iris fixated IOL with Multivisc BD viscoelastic. Anterior
      chamber washout was performed with intracameral antibiotic injection. Local
      antibiotics were continued until cultures were found to be negative. Thereafter,
      intensive local and systemic steroids were initiated and gradually tapered down.
      RESULTS: The inflammatory reaction disappeared completely and the visual acuity
      improved from hand motion to 6/9 without correction within 1 week. CONCLUSIONS:
      Any viscoelastic material may be contaminated by heat-stable bacterial endotoxic
      as it is prepared by gene-coded bacteria. It is suggested that Multivisc BD was
      the etiologic factor of TASS. Refractive surgeons should be aware of this rare
      complication of phakic IOL implantation whenever they use a new viscoelastic
      material.

PMID- 19967669
TI  - Comparison of 2 surgical techniques in phacotrabeculectomy: 1 site versus 2
      sites.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare 1-site and 2-site phacotrabeculectomies with regard to visual
      acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) control, antiglaucoma medication requirements,
      and postoperative complications. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, 169
      eyes with coexisting visually significant cataract and glaucoma were randomly
      allocated into 2 groups: eyes that had a trabeculectomy in a superior quadrant
      combined with phacoemulsification through the same incision (1-site group; n=85)
      or those with a separate, temporal, clear corneal incision for
      phacoemulsification (2-site group; n=84). Postoperative evaluation, including
      visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medication requirements, and
      surgical complications, was for up to 18 months. RESULTS: After 18 months, there
      was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to visual acuity
      and antiglaucoma medication requirements. There was a 0.6 to 1.4 mmHg difference
      in mean IOP, with the 2-site technique demonstrating statistically significant
      advantage over the 1-site technique in some follow-up visits with nonparametric
      analysis; however, the difference cannot be clinically significant. Success rates
      (IOP<21 mmHg with the maximum use of medication) of 1-site and 2-site groups were
      85.9% and 92.8%, respectively, which was not statistically significant (p=0.153).
      Nevertheless, the incidence of failure in the 1-site group was almost twice that
      of the 2-site group (12 vs 6). Postoperative complications were comparable in
      both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results for 18-month follow-ups of 1-site and 2-site
      phacotrabeculectomies were comparable in terms of visual acuity, antiglaucoma
      medication requirements, and postoperative complications. While lowering of IOP
      was more pronounced in the 2-site group, this was not clinically significant.

PMID- 19967670
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of anterior chamber changes after iridotomy using
      Pentacam anterior segment analyzer.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in anterior chamber morphology with the Pentacam
      anterior segment analyzer and gonioscopy after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)
      in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma and narrow angle and to compare
      central corneal thickness measurements performed with Pentacam and ultrasound
      pachymetry. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients were enrolled in this prospective
      interventional study. Before and after LPI, volume, angle, and central and
      peripheral depth of anterior chamber was quantified with Pentacam. Central
      corneal thickness was measured with Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry. RESULTS:
      Mean central corneal thickness as measured with Pentacam pachymetry was slightly
      lower than the measurements provided by ultrasonic pachymetry (551.9 microm,
      range 509-659, versus 556.8 microm, range 520-644) (p=0.93) with an intraclass
      correlation coefficient of 0.92. Anterior chamber angle increased from 20.32
      (standard deviation [SD] 4.2) to 22.31 degrees (SD 3.9). Anterior chamber central
      depth increased significantly from 1.79 mm (SD 0.22) to 1.85 mm (SD 0.21) and
      volume changed from 72.18 mm (SD 16.82) to 89.12 mm (SD 12.3), p=0.001.
      Gonioscopy showed that Shaffer angle widened significantly in all quadrants. Mean
      intraocular pressure changed from 20.8 mmHg to 18.3 mmHg after LPI (p<0.05).
      CONCLUSIONS: In patients with primary angle closure glaucoma and narrow angles,
      anterior chamber volume, angle, and central and peripheral depth, measured with
      Pentacam, increase significantly after LPI.

PMID- 19967671
TI  - Comparison of burst, pulse, and linear modes used in phacoemulsification surgery.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare different ultrasound modes used in phacoemulsification
      surgery in terms of their efficacy and outcomes during and after surgery.
      METHODS: A total of 86 patients with cataract diagnosis who underwent
      phacoemulsification surgery in Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research
      Hospital Eye Diseases Clinic between November 2006 and February 2008 were
      included in the study and were prospectively analyzed. Patients were randomized
      into 3 groups based on the phacoemulsification mode to be used (burst, pulse, and
      linear mode). RESULTS: Mean phacoemulsification time was 40.32+/-33.14 seconds,
      ultrasound time was 19.94+/-9.10 seconds, and effective ultrasound time was
      20.16+/-16.57 seconds in Group I; mean phaco time was 79.90+/-65.52 seconds,
      ultrasound time was 15.30+/-5.74 seconds, and effective ultrasound time was
      39.95+/-32.76 seconds in Group II; and mean phaco time was 75.75+/-50.56 seconds,
      ultrasound time was 11.65+/-2.91 seconds, and effective ultrasound time was
      37.87+/-22.89 seconds in Group III. Central corneal thickness measurements with
      pachymetry were 586.61+/-46.86 microm on day 1, 555.54+/-39.31 microm at week 1,
      543.29+/-33.88 microm at month 1, and 543.29+/-33.88 microm at month 3 in Group
      I; 549.83+/-49.18 microm on day 1, 530.03+/-46.42 microm at week 1, 524.32+/
      45.76 microm at month 1, and 521.32+/-45.26 microm at month 3 in Group III; and
      572.91+/-39.12 microm on day 1, 545.91+/-32.67 microm at week 1, 537.70+/-29.77
      microm at month 1, and 534.04+/-28.64 microm at month 3 in Group III.
      CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification power should be kept at minimum in order to
      induce minimal trauma and to achieve early rehabilitation.

PMID- 19967672
TI  - Retinal peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness in a 13-year-old boy with
      neuromyelitis optica.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in a
      patient with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). METHODS: A 13-year-old Caucasian boy
      presented with reduced visual acuity in both eyes, headache, and neck pain
      associated with left hand burning sensation. Clinical and laboratory examination,
      including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical coherence tomography
      (OCT), were performed. RESULTS: MRI showed spinal cord abnormality and acute
      myelitis, but normal optic nerve head. A significant reduction of the average and
      temporal area RNFL thickness was recorded in both eyes by OCT. Six months after
      initial steroid treatment, visual acuity and visual field slightly improved, but
      RNFL thickness was further reduced. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness measurement with
      OCT should be performed not only in adults, but also in young patients in case of
      suspected NMO to confirm the diagnosis and to monitor the disease.

PMID- 19967673
TI  - Spontaneous dislocation of a Verisyse phakic intraocular lens with severe corneal
      endothelial cell loss.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report a case of spontaneous dislocation of a Verisyse phakic
      intraocular lens (PIOL) with severe corneal endothelial cell loss. METHODS: A 29
      year-old woman with no history of trauma presented with complaint of blurred
      vision in the right eye of 5 months' duration. History included uneventful
      implantation of a PIOL bilaterally to correct high myopia in January 2007.
      RESULTS: Visual acuity was 20/100, central endothelial cell density had decreased
      to 592/mm(2), central corneal pachymetry was 634 microm. The PIOL dislocated
      temporally and was removed without any lens implanted again. Three months
      postoperatively, her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60. CONCLUSIONS: A
      correct fixation with sufficient folded iris inside the claw and long-term follow
      up are important for patients with implanted PIOL, and the long-term effects on
      endothelial cell density in this patient remain to be seen.

PMID- 19967674
TI  - Work-related eye injury: the main cause of ocular trauma in Iran.
AB  - PURPOSE: Occupational eye injuries are among the major causes of ocular trauma
      and can cause severe visual impairment, with even minor injuries incurring
      considerable financial costs due to work absenteeism. This study was designed to
      evaluate the epidemiology of eye trauma and the role of occupational injuries at
      Farabi Eye Hospital, which is the largest eye hospital in Iran. METHODS: In this
      prospective, cross-sectional study, 822 eyes from 768 trauma patients presenting
      to Farabi Eye Hospital were enrolled in the study. The Birmingham Eye Trauma
      Terminology System and the United States Eye Injury Registry model were adopted
      as the basis for the study questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed
      through in-person interviews and comprehensive ocular examinations. RESULTS: The
      mean age of ocular trauma patients was 31.11 years, and 685 (89.2%) patients were
      male. Of all eye injuries, 73.7% were work-related. Only 2.2% of the patients
      were wearing safety goggles at the time of injury. History of previous eye trauma
      was positive in 44.3% of cases. An Ocular Trauma Score 3 or more was present in
      4% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Work-related eye trauma is the major cause of eye
      injury in Iran and most often occurs as a result of the lack of proper eye
      protection. Most work-related eye injury patients are young men.

PMID- 19967675
TI  - Traumatic neuroma of the infraorbital nerve subsequent to inferomedial orbital
      decompression for Graves' orbitopathy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To present and discuss the occurrence of a traumatic neuroma subsequent
      to inferomedial orbital decompression surgery in Graves' orbitopathy. METHODS:
      Case report. RESULTS: Approximately 1 month after surgery, a patient who
      underwent bilateral rehabilitative inferomedial orbital decompression developed a
      mass with clinical and radiologic characteristics compatible with a traumatic
      neuroma of the left infraorbital nerve. The lesion, which was thought to be the
      result of unnoticed nerve trauma at the time of surgical dissection of the
      infraorbital canal, remained stable in shape and other imaging characteristics
      during the 39-month follow-up period. Symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia could be
      only partially controlled with medical therapy (oral pregabalin 75 mg 3 times
      daily). CONCLUSIONS: The second branch of the trigeminal nerve may be damaged in
      the course of orbital floor removal decompression for Graves' orbitopathy. This
      may potentially induce the formation of traumatic or amputation neuromas. Such
      lesions should be included in the potential complications of decompressions when
      counseling patients about to undergo this type of surgery, as they are difficult
      to treat and may cause persistent and disabling pain.

PMID- 19967676
TI  - Bacterial contamination rate of the anterior chamber during cataract surgery
      using conventional culture and eubacterial PCR.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of anterior chamber bacterial contamination
      during phacoemulsification cataract surgery using eubacterial polymerase chain
      reaction and conventional cultures. METHODS: This prospective study included 30
      eyes of 24 patients who had phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable
      acrylic posterior chamber intraocular lens through a 3.2-mm clear corneal
      incision. Topical aminosid was administered 3 days before surgery. After povidone
      iodine antisepsis, 2 intraoperative anterior chamber aspirates were obtained from
      each patient, the first taken upon entering the anterior chamber and the second
      at the conclusion of surgery after the suture. Broad-range eubacterial polymerase
      chain reaction amplification and conventional cultures were used to verify that
      aqueous humor did not contain any detectable bacteria at the beginning of the
      surgery and to evaluate the bacterial contamination rate of the anterior chamber
      at the end of it. No oral antibiotic prophylaxis was used. RESULTS AND
      CONCLUSIONS: No specimens (0%) aspirated on entry into the anterior chamber or
      obtained at the conclusion of surgery were positive for microorganisms on culture
      or eubacterial polymerase chain reaction. None of the eyes developed acute
      endophthalmitis. The incidence of anterior chamber bacterial contamination during
      phacoemulsification recovered in this study using eubacterial polymerase chain
      reaction and conventional culture was null (0%).

PMID- 19967677
TI  - Effect of amniotic membrane transplantation on corneal healing and proteoglycan
      expression in an experimental model of limbal deficiency in rabbits.
AB  - PURPOSE: Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) has been used as a graft or as a
      dressing in ocular surface reconstruction, facilitating epithelization,
      maintaining normal epithelial phenotype, and reducing inflammation,
      vascularization, and scarring. The corneal transparency is due, at least in part,
      to the arrangement in orthogonal lamellae of collagen fibrils, surrounded by
      proteoglycans (PGs). These PGs regulate fibrilogenesis, the matrix assembly, and
      ultimately the corneal transparency. The purpose of the present study was to
      investigate the effects of AMT upon the corneal PGs after severe limbal injury.
      METHODS: Experiments were performed on the right corneas of 22 New Zealand female
      albino rabbits, and their left corneas were used as matched controls. These
      animals were divided into 3 groups: G1 (n=10): total peritomy and
      keratolimbectomy, followed by application of 0.5 M NaOH; G2 (n=10): submitted to
      the same trauma as G1, and treated by AMT; G3: no trauma, only AMT (n=2). The
      right corneas of G2 and G3 were covered by DMSO4 cryopreserved human amniotic
      membrane, fixed by interrupted 9-0 mononylon sutures, with its stromal face
      toward the ocular surface. After 7 or 30 days, the corneas were removed and PGs
      were extracted. RESULTS: Normal corneas contained approximately 9 mg of PGs per
      gram of dry tissue. AMT on intact cornea (G3) did not cause any changes in the
      concentration of PGs. In contrast, injured corneas contained much less PGs, both
      on the seventh and on the 30th day posttrauma. The PG concentration was even
      lower in injured corneas treated by AMT. This decrease was due almost exclusively
      to dermatan sulfate PGs, and the structure of dermatan sulfate was also modified,
      indicating changes in the biosynthesis patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Although beneficial
      effects have been observed on clinical observation and concentration of soluble
      proteins after AMT, the normal PG composition of cornea was not attained, even 30
      days postinjury, indicating that the normal ocular surface reconstruction, if
      possible, is a long-term process.

PMID- 19967678
TI  - Intraocular gas treatment for myopic foveoschisis.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report a case of symptomatic myopic retinoschisis with foveolar
      detachment and lamellar macular hole, treated with expansible gas. METHODS:
      Interventional case report. A myopic patient presented with a history of
      decreased vision and metamorphopsia in his right eye. Optical coherence
      tomography (OCT) revealed an increased macular thickness, thinning and separation
      of the inner and external retina (retinoschisis or foveoschisis), foveolar
      detachment, lamellar hole, and foveolar vitreous traction. We treated the patient
      with a single dose of 0.2 mL of perfluoroethane (C2F6), performed under
      retrobulbar anesthesia, followed by prone posturing for 15 days. RESULTS: OCT
      showed reattachment of the foveolar retina, disappearance of the retinoschisis,
      and visual acuity improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular expansible gas and prone
      posturing, without vitrectomy, could be an alternative treatment in selected
      cases of symptomatic macular foveoschisis with foveolar detachment, in the
      absence of dense epiretinal membranes.

PMID- 19967679
TI  - Aqueous humor levels of vasoactive molecules correlate with vitreous levels and
      macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - PURPOSE: Aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and
      interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with the severity of macular edema in
      patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). We investigated whether
      aqueous and vitreous levels of these molecules were correlated in CRVO patients.
      METHODS: Aqueous and vitreous samples were obtained during cataract surgery and
      vitreous surgery from 17 patients (17 eyes) with CRVO and macular edema. The
      levels of VEGF and IL-6 in aqueous humor, vitreous fluid, and plasma were
      determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The aqueous levels of
      VEGF and IL-6 were significantly correlated with the vitreous levels of these
      molecules (rho=0.8799, p=0.0004 and rho=0.8088, p=0.0012, respectively). Vitreous
      levels of VEGF and IL-6 were significantly higher in CRVO patients with retinal
      ischemia than in those without ischemia (p=0.0013 and p=0.0009, respectively), as
      were the aqueous levels of VEGF and IL-6 (p=0.0026, p=0.0120, respectively).
      Furthermore, both the aqueous and vitreous levels of VEGF and IL-6 were
      significantly correlated with the severity of macular edema (rho=0.7181,
      p=0.0041; rho=0.8260, p=0.0010; rho=0.5564, p=0.0260; and rho=0.6599, p=0.0039,
      respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that aqueous levels of VEGF and
      IL-6 may reflect the vitreous levels of these molecules. Measurement of VEGF and
      IL-6 in the aqueous humor may be clinically useful to assess the severity of
      macular edema in patients with CRVO.

PMID- 19967681
TI  - Periodic electric field enhancement along gold rods with nanogaps.

PMID- 19967680
TI  - Catalytic enantioselective olefin metathesis in natural product synthesis. Chiral
      metal-based complexes that deliver high enantioselectivity and more.
AB  - Chiral olefin metathesis catalysts enable chemists to access enantiomerically
      enriched small molecules with high efficiency; synthesis schemes involving such
      complexes can be substantially more concise than those that would involve
      enantiomerically pure substrates and achiral Mo alkylidenes or Ru-based carbenes.
      The scope of research towards design and development of chiral catalysts is not
      limited to discovery of complexes that are merely the chiral versions of the
      related achiral variants. A chiral olefin metathesis catalyst, in addition to
      furnishing products of high enantiomeric purity, can offer levels of efficiency,
      product selectivity and/or olefin stereoselectivity that are unavailable through
      the achiral variants. Such positive attributes of chiral catalysts (whether
      utilized in racemic or enantiomerically enriched form) should be considered as
      general, applicable to other classes of transformations.

PMID- 19967684
TI  - Encapsulated or not encapsulated? Mapping alcohol sites in hexameric capsules of
      resorcin[4]arenes in solution by diffusion NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 19967683
TI  - Detection of proteins in serum by micromagnetic aptamer PCR (MAP) technology.

PMID- 19967682
TI  - Detection and analysis of chimeric tertiary structures by backbone thioester
      exchange: packing of an alpha helix against an alpha/beta-peptide helix.

PMID- 19967685
TI  - Terahertz absorption spectroscopy of a liquid using a polarity probe: a case
      study of trehalose/water mixtures.

PMID- 19967686
TI  - Towards an efficient microsystem for the real-time detection and quantification
      of mercury in water based on a specifically designed fluorogenic binary task
      specific ionic liquid.

PMID- 19967687
TI  - The nature of the extraordinary finish of Stradivari's instruments.

PMID- 19967688
TI  - Gadolinium-conjugated dendrimer nanoclusters as a tumor-targeted T1 magnetic
      resonance imaging contrast agent.

PMID- 19967690
TI  - Stereoselective reactions with stabilized carbocations.

PMID- 19967689
TI  - Stereoisomerically pure trisubstituted vinylaluminum reagents and their utility
      in copper-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dienes containing Z or E
      alkenes.

PMID- 19967691
TI  - High-index faceted platinum nanocrystals supported on carbon black as highly
      efficient catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation.

PMID- 19967692
TI  - Generation of oxygen radical centers in binary neutral metal oxide clusters for
      catalytic oxidation reactions.

PMID- 19967693
TI  - Catalytic asymmetric Si-O coupling of simple achiral silanes and chiral donor
      functionalized alcohols.

PMID- 19967694
TI  - A dynamically inverting pi-bowl complex.

PMID- 19967695
TI  - Layer-by-layer growth of polymer/quantum dot composite multilayers by
      nucleophilic substitution in organic media.

PMID- 19967696
TI  - Structural basis of alpha-fucosidase inhibition by iminocyclitols with K(i)
      values in the micro- to picomolar range.

PMID- 19967697
TI  - Highly selective acylation of dimethylamine mediated by oxygen atoms on metallic
      gold surfaces.

PMID- 19967698
TI  - Single-crystal to single-crystal photochemical structural transformations of
      interpenetrated 3 D coordination polymers by [2+2] cycloaddition reactions.

PMID- 19967707
TI  - The Maillard reaction in food and medicine: current status and future aspects.

PMID- 19967709
TI  - Heterozygosity and mutation rate: evidence for an interaction and its
      implications: the potential for meiotic gene conversions to influence both
      mutation rate and distribution.
AB  - If natural selection chose where new mutations occur it might well favour placing
      them near existing polymorphisms, thereby avoiding disruption of areas that work
      while adding novelty to regions where variation is tolerated or even beneficial.
      Such a system could operate if heterozygous sites are recognised and 'repaired'
      during the initial stages of crossing over. Such repairs involve an extra round
      of DNA replication, providing an opportunity for further mutations, thereby
      raising the local mutation rate. If so, the changes in heterozygosity that occur
      when populations grow or shrink could feed back to modulate both the rate and the
      distribution of mutations. Here, I review evidence from isozymes, microsatellites
      and single nucleotide polymorphisms that this potential is realised in real
      populations. I then consider the likely implications, focusing particularly on
      how these processes might affect microsatellites, concluding that heterozygosity
      does impact on the rate and distribution of mutations.

PMID- 19967710
TI  - The evolution of skeletal muscle performance: gene duplication and divergence of
      human sarcomeric alpha-actinins.
AB  - In humans, there are two skeletal muscle alpha-actinins, encoded by ACTN2 and
      ACTN3, and the ACTN3 genotype is associated with human athletic performance.
      Remarkably, approximately 1 billion people worldwide are deficient in alpha
      actinin-3 due to the common ACTN3 R577X polymorphism. The alpha-actinins are an
      ancient family of actin-binding proteins with structural, signalling and
      metabolic functions. The skeletal muscle alpha-actinins diverged approximately
      250-300 million years ago, and ACTN3 has since developed restricted expression in
      fast muscle fibres. Despite ACTN2 and ACTN3 retaining considerable sequence
      similarity, it is likely that following duplication there was a divergence in
      function explaining why alpha-actinin-2 cannot completely compensate for the
      absence of alpha-actinin-3. This paper focuses on the role of skeletal muscle
      alpha-actinins, and how possible changes in functions between these duplicates
      fit in the context of gene duplication paradigms.

PMID- 19967711
TI  - Nanopore translocation and force spectroscopy experiments in microemulsion
      droplets.

PMID- 19967712
TI  - Sustained drug release from non-eroding nanoporous templates.

PMID- 19967713
TI  - Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food
      analysis and Foodomics.
AB  - The use of capillary electromigration methods to analyze foods and food
      components is reviewed in this work. Papers that were published during the period
      April 2007 to March 2009 are included following the previous review by Garcia
      Canas and Cifuentes (Electrophoresis, 2008, 29, 294-309). These works include the
      analysis of amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs,
      carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins,
      additives, small organic and inorganic ions and other compounds found in foods
      and beverages, as well as those applications of CE for monitoring food
      interactions and food processing. The use of microchips, CE-MS, chiral-CE as well
      as other foreseen trends in food analysis are also discussed including their
      possibilities in the very new field of Foodomics.

PMID- 19967714
TI  - Recent developments and applications of EMMA in enzymatic and derivatization
      reactions.
AB  - This review covers the time period of 2007 until mid-2009 and describes new
      developments in the field of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. The
      review is subdivided in two parts dealing with (i) enzymatic and (ii)
      derivatization or chemical reactions. A compilation of the relevant literature is
      given for each part.

PMID- 19967715
TI  - Inorganic species analysis by CE--an overview for 2007-2008.
AB  - This review article represents the sixth in a series of reviews on CE applied to
      inorganic analysis, appearing in this journal, and focuses on material published
      in 2007-2008. As a fundamental review, it examines primarily those documents in
      which the emphasis is on advances in general CE methodology which are
      traditionally set on the attainment of higher detection sensitivity and greater
      preconcentration factors both in capillary and microchip separation formats.
      Following a major research trend of the previous review period (see A.R.
      Timerbaev, Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 3420-3425), publications focusing on the
      quantification of different element species continue to rapidly outpace other
      applications. A range of practicable separation and detection designs tailor-made
      to species-selective analysis are critically discussed in order to assess their
      impact on the rate of development and wide acceptance of CE in the field.

PMID- 19967716
TI  - Recent advances in amino acid analysis by CE.
AB  - This article describes the most important articles that have been published on
      amino acid analysis using CE during the period from June 2007 to May 2009. It
      follows the format of the previous articles of Smith [Electrophoresis 1999, 20,
      3078-3083], Prata et al. [Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129-4138] and Poinsot et al.
      [Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047-4062; Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 176-194;
      Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 207-223]. For several years we have presented the new
      developments in amino acid analysis with CE which describe the use of laser
      emitting diodes for LIF as well as via MS. In addition, we describe articles
      concerning clinical studies and neuroclinical applications.

PMID- 19967717
TI  - Gamma-glutamyltransferase and disability pension: a cohort study of construction
      workers in Germany.
AB  - Given the accumulating evidence that gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is not
      merely a sensitive marker for liver and bile disorders but also a risk marker for
      a multiplicity of other chronic diseases, gamma-GT may represent a promising risk
      indicator for occupational disability, which has emerged as an important public
      health problem. The association between gamma-GT and disability pension was
      examined in a cohort of 16,520 male construction workers in Wurttemberg, Germany,
      who participated in routine occupational health examinations from 1986 to 1992
      and who were followed until 2005. Using the Cox proportional hazards model,
      hazard ratios were calculated with gamma-GT concentrations in the lowest quartile
      (1 to 24 U/L) as reference category after adjustment for age and further
      adjustment for potential confounding factors such as nationality, type of
      occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI).
      Overall, a monotonically increasing association of gamma-GT with all-cause
      disability pension (total number: n = 2,998 cases) was observed, with the
      steepest increase at lower levels of gamma-GT. Particularly strong associations
      were observed for participants in the highest quartile (>67 U/L) and disability
      pension due to musculoskeletal disorders, diseases of the digestive system, and
      cardiovascular as well as mental diseases (age-adjusted hazard ratios with 95%
      confidence intervals: 1.53, 1.27-1.85; 9.68, 3.10-30.21; 1.76, 1.28-2.42; and
      1.83, 1.23-2.72, respectively). CONCLUSION: gamma-GT is a strong risk indicator
      of all-cause occupational disability even at levels of gamma-GT in the "normal
      range" and is in particular associated with disability pension due to diseases of
      the digestive system, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular, and mental
      diseases.

PMID- 19967719
TI  - Food availability and sex reversal in Mytella charruana, an introduced bivalve in
      the southeastern United States.
AB  - We studied the reproductive biology of Mytella charruana to determine the
      potential reproductive success of this newly introduced bivalve species from
      Central/South America. We analyzed gonad morphology, gametogenesis, and the sex
      ratios of introduced populations throughout a 12 month period. In the non-native
      habitat M. charruana shows the same strategy of gametogenesis that had been
      observed in its native environment, which is an opportunistic type of gonadal
      cycle with gametes produced throughout the year. Instead, the spawning period of
      M. charruana along the southeastern US coast is extended compared to that found
      in the native environment. We determined the minimum size (shell length) of
      sexually reproductive mussels to be 1.25 cm. Interestingly, throughout the year
      the population samples were typically composed of a higher proportion of females.
      The female to male sex ratio varied within a wide range from 1:0 to 1:3.3. Upon
      this discovery we tested the effects of food availability on the gametogenesis of
      adult animals. The sex ratio of mussels collected from different locations and
      maintained in the laboratory with or without food changed toward a male-bias
      under starvation conditions within a month. This is the first study directly
      showing that food availability can trigger sex reversal in an adult bivalve.
      According to our data this mussel species will likely continue to spread along
      the east coast of the US. Moreover, M. charruana may prove to be a model organism
      in the study of alternative sexuality in bivalves.

PMID- 19967718
TI  - Lessons from biodiversity--the value of nontraditional species to advance
      reproductive science, conservation, and human health.
AB  - Reproduction is quintessential to species survival. But what is underappreciated
      for this discipline is the wondrous array of reproductive mechanisms among
      species- variations as diverse as the morphology of the species themselves (more
      than 55,000 vertebrate and 1.1 million invertebrate types). We have investigated
      only a tiny fraction of these species in reproductive science. Besides the need
      to fill enormous gaps in a scholarly database, this knowledge has value for
      recovering and genetically managing rare species as well as addressing certain
      reproductive issues in humans. This article provides examples, first to advise
      against oversimplifying reproduction and then to show how such knowledge can have
      practical use for managing whole animals, populations, or even saving an entire
      species. We also address the expected challenges and opportunities that could
      lead to creative shifts in philosophy and effective actions to benefit more
      species as well as a future generation of reproductive scientists.

PMID- 19967720
TI  - Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: scope of their use and development in cancer
      chemotherapy.
AB  - The traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their effect
      by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) as well as COX-2 enzymes. As COX-1 is
      responsible for maintaining normal biological functions, the nonselective
      inhibition of these enzymes caused side effects including gastrointestinal (GI)
      problems. Recently developed selective COX-2 inhibitors could reduce these
      adverse effects, but the evidence of cardiovascular side effects including an
      increased risk of myocardial infarction began to emerge, and some of the COX-2
      inhibitors were eventually withdrawn from the market and this led to the downfall
      of this research. So, the discovery of novel COX-2 inhibitors with their safety
      profile became the biggest challenge in pharmaceutical research. However, recent
      mechanistic and clinical studies revolutionized this area by indicating the fact
      that COX-2 is involved in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, and tumor
      progression. Epidemiological data suggest that selective COX-2 inhibitors might
      prevent the development of cancers. Moreover, COX-2 is found to be overexpressed
      in many cancers thus making it an attractive therapeutic target for the
      prevention and treatment of a number of malignancies. The purpose of this review
      is to focus on the medicinal chemistry aspects of COX-2 inhibitors in cancer
      chemotherapy and recent reports on these inhibitors as anticancer agents. We
      attempted to cover only the COX inhibitors that showed anticancer activity,
      although a number of potent COX-2 inhibitors have been reported without their
      anticancer effects. Furthermore, structure-activity relationships (SAR) of
      different classes of compounds for COX-2 inhibition as well as anticancer
      activity, and their future applications are discussed.

PMID- 19967721
TI  - Small molecule antagonists for chemokine CCR3 receptors.
AB  - The chemokine receptor CCR3 is believed to play a role in the development of
      allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis.
      Despite the conflicting results that have been reported regarding the importance
      of eosinophils and CCR3 in allergic inflammation, inhibition of this receptor
      with small molecule antagonists is thought to provide a valuable approach for the
      treatment of these diseases. This review describes the structure-activity
      relationships (SAR) of small molecule CCR3 antagonists as reported in the
      scientific and patent literature. Various chemical classes of small molecule CCR3
      antagonists have been described so far, including (bi)piperidine and piperazine
      derivatives, N-arylalkylpiperidine urea derivatives and (N
      ureidoalkyl)benzylpiperidines, phenylalanine derivatives, morpholinyl
      derivatives, pyrrolidinohydroquinazolines, arylsulfonamides, amino-alkyl amides,
      imidazole- and pyrimidine-based antagonists, and bicyclic diamines. The (N
      ureidoalkyl)benzylpiperidines are the best studied class in view of their
      generally high affinity and antagonizing potential. For many of these antagonists
      subnanomolar IC(50) values were reported for binding to CCR3 along with the
      ability to effectively inhibit intracellular calcium mobilization and eosinophil
      chemotaxis induced by CCR3 agonist ligands in vitro.

PMID- 19967722
TI  - Oncogenic NRF2 mutations in squamous cell carcinomas of oesophagus and skin.
AB  - Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2) encodes a transcription factor
      that induces expression of cytoprotective proteins upon oxidative stress and
      oncogenic NRF2 mutations have been found in lung and head/neck cancers that
      inactivate KEAP1-mediated degradation of NRF2. The aim of this study was to
      catalogue NRF2 mutations in other human cancers. For this, we analysed 1145
      cancer tissues from carcinomas from oesophagus, skin, uterine cervix, lung,
      larynx, breast, colon, stomach, liver, prostate, urinary bladder, ovary, uterine
      cervix, and kidney, and meningiomas, multiple myelomas, and acute leukaemias by
      single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay. We detected NRF2 mutations
      in oesophagus (8/70; 11.4%), skin (1/17; 6.3%), lung (10/125; 8.0%), and larynx
      (3/23; 13.0%) cancers. Of note, all of the 22 mutations except one were found in
      squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (95.5%). The mutations were observed within or
      near DLG and ETGE motifs that are important in NRF2 and KEAP1 interaction. All of
      the oesophageal SCCs and skin SCCs with the NRF2 mutations showed increased NRF2
      expression in the nuclei. However, none of the SCCs from oesophagus and skin
      harboured KEAP1 mutation. Our study demonstrated here that NRF2 mutation occurs
      not only in lung and head/neck cancers, but also in oesophageal and skin cancers.
      Our data suggest that the NRF2 mutation plays a role in the development of SCC
      and is a feature of SCC.

PMID- 19967723
TI  - Genetic ablation of the alpha 6-integrin subunit in Tie1Cre mice enhances tumour
      angiogenesis.
AB  - Laminins are expressed highly in blood vessel basement membranes and have been
      implicated in angiogenesis. alpha6beta1- and alpha6beta4-integrins are major
      receptors for laminins in endothelial cells, but the precise role of endothelial
      alpha6-integrin in tumour angiogenesis is not clear. We show that blood vessels
      in human invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast have decreased expression of the
      alpha6-integrin-subunit when compared with normal breast tissue. These data
      suggest that a decrease in alpha6-integrin-subunit expression in endothelial
      cells is associated with tumour angiogenesis. To test whether the loss of the
      endothelial alpha6-integrin subunit affects tumour growth and angiogenesis, we
      generated alpha6fl/fl-Tie1Cre+ mice and showed that endothelial deletion of
      alpha6-integrin is sufficient to enhance tumour size and tumour angiogenesis in
      both murine B16F0 melanoma and Lewis cell lung carcinoma. Mechanistically,
      endothelial alpha6-integrin deficiency elevated significantly VEGF-mediated
      angiogenesis both in vivo and ex vivo. In particular, alpha6-integrin-deficient
      endothelial cells displayed increased levels of VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and VEGF
      mediated downstream ERK1/2 activation. By developing the first endothelial
      specific alpha6-knockout mice, we show that the expression of the alpha6-integrin
      subunit in endothelial cells acts as a negative regulator of angiogenesis both in
      vivo and ex vivo.

PMID- 19967724
TI  - Bioluminescent imaging: a critical tool in pre-clinical oncology research.
AB  - Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is a non-invasive imaging modality widely used in
      the field of pre-clinical oncology research. Imaging of small animal tumour
      models using BLI involves the generation of light by luciferase-expressing cells
      in the animal following administration of substrate. This light may be imaged
      using an external detector. The technique allows a variety of tumour-associated
      properties to be visualized dynamically in living models. The increasing use of
      BLI as a small-animal imaging modality has led to advances in the development of
      xenogeneic, orthotopic, and genetically engineered animal models expressing
      luciferase genes. This review aims to provide insight into the principles of BLI
      and its applications in cancer research. Many studies to assess tumour growth and
      development, as well as efficacy of candidate therapeutics, have been performed
      using BLI. More recently, advances have also been made using bioluminescent
      imaging in studies of protein-protein interactions, genetic screening, cell-cycle
      regulators, and spontaneous cancer development. Such novel studies highlight the
      versatility and potential of bioluminescent imaging in future oncological
      research.

PMID- 19967726
TI  - Deficiency of bone marrow beta3-integrin enhances non-functional
      neovascularization.
AB  - beta3-Integrin is a cell surface adhesion and signalling molecule important in
      the regulation of tumour angiogenesis. Mice with a global deficiency in beta3
      integrin show increased pathological angiogenesis, most likely due to increased
      vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression on beta3-null
      endothelial cells. Here we transplanted beta3-null bone marrow (BM) into wild
      type (WT) mice to dissect the role of BM beta3-integrin deficiency in
      pathological angiogenesis. Mice transplanted with beta3-null bone marrow show
      significantly enhanced angiogenesis in subcutaneous B16F0 melanoma and Lewis lung
      carcinoma (LLC) cell models and in B16F0 melanoma lung metastasis when compared
      with tumours grown in mice transplanted with WT bone marrow. The effect of bone
      marrow beta3-integrin deficiency was also assessed in the RIPTAg mouse model of
      pancreatic tumour growth. Again, angiogenesis in mice lacking BM beta3-integrin
      was enhanced. However, tumour weight between the groups was not significantly
      altered, suggesting that the enhanced blood vessel density in the mice
      transplanted with beta3-null bone marrow was not functional. Indeed, we
      demonstrate that in mice transplanted with beta3-null bone marrow a significant
      proportion of tumour blood vessels are non-functional when compared with tumour
      blood vessels in WT-transplanted controls. Furthermore, beta3-null-transplanted
      mice showed an increased angiogenic response to VEGF in vivo when compared with
      WT-transplanted animals. BM beta3-integrin deficiency affects the mobilization of
      progenitor cells to the peripheral circulation. We show that VEGF-induced
      mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells is enhanced in mice transplanted
      with beta3-null bone marrow when compared with WT-transplanted controls,
      suggesting a possible mechanism underlying the increased blood vessel density
      seen in beta3-null-transplanted mice. In conclusion, although BM beta3-integrin
      is not required for pathological angiogenesis, our studies demonstrate a role for
      BM beta3-integrin in VEGF-induced mobilization of bone marrow-derived cells to
      the peripheral circulation and for the functionality of those vessels in which BM
      derived cells become incorporated.

PMID- 19967725
TI  - Characterization of the molecular differences between ovarian endometrioid
      carcinoma and ovarian serous carcinoma.
AB  - The histopathological diagnosis of high-grade endometrioid and serous carcinoma
      of the ovary is poorly reproducible under the current morphology based
      classification system, especially for anaplastic, high-grade tumours. The
      transcription factor Wilms' tumour-1 (WT1) is differentially expressed among the
      gynaecological epithelia from which epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are
      believed to originate. In EOCs, WT1 protein is observed in the majority of serous
      carcinomas and in up to 30% of endometrioid carcinomas. It is unclear whether the
      latter is a reflection of the actual incidence of WT1 protein expression in
      endometrioid carcinomas, or whether a significant number of high-grade serous
      carcinomas have been misclassified as endometrioid carcinoma. Several genetic
      aberrations are reported to occur in EOCs. These include mutation of the TP53
      gene, aberrant activation of beta-catenin signalling and loss of PTEN protein
      expression, among others. It is unclear whether these aberrations are histotype
      specific. The aim of this study was to better define the molecular
      characteristics of serous and endometrioid carcinomas in an attempt to address
      the problems with the current histopathological classification methods. Gene
      expression profiles were analysed to identify reproducible gene expression
      phenotypes for endometrioid and serous carcinomas. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were
      used to assess the incidence of TP53, beta-catenin and PTEN aberrations in order
      to correlate their occurrence with WT1 as an immunohistochemistry based biomarker
      of serous histotype. It was found that nuclear WT1 protein expression can
      identify misclassified high-grade endometrioid carcinomas and these tumours
      should be reassigned to serous histotype. Although low-grade endometrioid
      carcinomas rarely progress to high-grade carcinomas, a combined WT1-negative,
      TP53-positive immunophenotype may identify an uncommon high-grade subtype of
      ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. GEO database: array data accession number
      GSE6008.

PMID- 19967727
TI  - Oncogenic function of microtubule end-binding protein 1 in breast cancer.
AB  - Microtubule end-binding protein 1 (EB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein
      that regulates microtubule dynamics and participates in diverse cell activities.
      Here, we demonstrate that EB1 expression is up-regulated in human breast cancer
      specimens and cell lines. The level of EB1 correlates with clinicopathological
      parameters indicating the malignancy of breast cancer, including higher
      histological grade, higher pathological tumour node metastasis (pTNM) stage, and
      higher incidence of lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of EB1 expression remarkably
      inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and conversely, elevation of its expression
      promotes cell proliferation. Our data further show that EB1 promotes colony
      formation and enhances tumour growth in nude mice. In addition, EB1 stimulates
      Aurora-B activity in breast cancer cells, and EB1 expression correlates with
      increased Aurora-B activity in clinical samples of breast cancer. These findings
      thus suggest an oncogenic role for EB1 in breast cancer.

PMID- 19967728
TI  - Au nanowire-Au nanoparticles conjugated system which provides micrometer size
      molecular sensors.
AB  - We report a new type of molecular sensor using a Au nanowire (NW)-Au
      nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated system. The Au NW-NPs structure is fabricated by
      the self-assembly of biotinylated Au NPs on a biotinylated Au NW through avidin;
      this creates hot spots between NW and NPs that strongly enhance the Raman signal.
      The number of the Au NPs attached to the NW is reproducibly proportional to the
      concentration of the avidin, and is also proportional to the measured surface
      enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals. Since this well-defined NW-NPs
      conjugated sensor is only a few micrometer long, we expect that development of
      multiplex nanobiosensor of a few tens micrometer size would become feasible by
      combining individually modified multiple Au NWs together on one substrate.

PMID- 19967729
TI  - On the electronic structure of Ni(II) complexes that feature chelating
      bisguanidine ligands.
AB  - In this work we report on the syntheses and properties of several new Ni
      complexes featuring the chelating bisguanidines bis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene
      (btmgb), bis(tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (btmgn), and
      bis(tetramethylguanidino)biphenyl (btmgbp) as ligands. All complexes were
      structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum
      chemical calculations. A detailed inspection of the magnetic susceptibility of
      [(btmgb)NiX(2)] and [(btmgbp)NiX(2)] (X=Cl, Br) revealed a linear temperature
      dependence of chi(-1)(T) above 50 K, which was in agreement with a Curie-Weiss
      type behavior and a triplet ground state. Below approximately 25 K, however,
      magnetic susceptibility studies of the paramagnetic d(8) Ni complexes revealed
      the presence of a significant zero-field splitting (ZFS) that results from spin
      orbit mixing of excited states into the triplet ground state. The electronic
      consequences that might arise from the mixing of states as well as from a
      possible non-innocent behavior of the ligand have been explored by an
      experimental charge density study of [(btmgb)NiCl(2)] at low temperatures (7 K).
      Here, the presence of ZFS was identified as one potential reason for the flat
      angle-spherical Cl-Ni-Cl deformation potential and the distinct differences
      between the angle-spherical X-Ni-X valence angles observed by experiment and
      predicted by DFT. An analysis of the topology of the experimentally and
      theoretically derived electron-density distributions of [(btmgb)NiCl(2)]
      confirmed the strong donor character of the bisguanidine ligand but clearly ruled
      out any significant non-innocent ligand (NIL) behavior. Hence, [(btmgb)NiCl(2)]
      provides an experimental reference system to study the mixing of certain excited
      states into the ground state unbiased from any competing NIL behavior.

PMID- 19967730
TI  - Cobalt(II) complexes of nitrile-functionalized ionic liquids.
AB  - A series of nitrile-functionalized ionic liquids were found to exhibit
      temperature-dependent miscibility (thermomorphism) with the lower alcohols. Their
      coordinating abilities toward cobalt(II) ions were investigated through the
      dissolution process of cobalt(II) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and were
      found to depend on the donor abilities of the nitrile group. The crystal
      structures of the cobalt(II) solvates [Co(C(1)C(1CN)Pyr)(2)(Tf(2)N)(4)] and
      [Co(C(1)C(2CN)Pyr)(6)][Tf(2)N](8), which were isolated from ionic-liquid
      solutions, gave an insight into the coordination chemistry of functionalized
      ionic liquids. Smooth layers of cobalt metal could be obtained by
      electrodeposition of the cobalt-containing ionic liquids.

PMID- 19967731
TI  - Emerging technologies in the delivery of erythropoietin for therapeutics.
AB  - Deciphering the function of proteins and their roles in signaling pathways is one
      of the main goals of biomedical research, especially from the perspective of
      uncovering pathways that may ultimately be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
      Over the last half century, a greatly expanded understanding of the biology of
      the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (Epo) has emerged from regulator of the
      circulating erythrocyte mass to a widely used therapeutic agent. Originally
      viewed as the renal hormone responsible for erythropoiesis, recent in vivo
      studies in animal models and clinical trials demonstrate that many other tissues
      locally produce Epo independent of its effects on red blood cell mass. Thus, not
      only its hematopoietic activity but also the recently discovered
      nonerythropoietic actions in addition to new drug delivery systems are being
      thoroughly investigated in order to fulfill the specific Epo release requirements
      for each therapeutic approach. The present review focuses on updating the
      information previously provided by similar reviews and recent experimental
      approaches are presented to describe the advances in Epo drug delivery achieved
      in the last few years and future perspectives.

PMID- 19967732
TI  - Combined THz, FIR and Raman spectroscopy studies of imidazolium-based ionic
      liquids covering the frequency range 2-300 cm(-1).

PMID- 19967733
TI  - Elimination of biological contaminations from surfaces by plasma discharges:
      chemical sputtering.
AB  - Plasma treatment of surfaces as a sterilisation or decontamination method is a
      promising approach to overcome limitations of conventional techniques. The
      precise characterisation of the employed plasma discharges, the application of
      sensitive surface diagnostic methods and targeted experiments to separate the
      effects of different agents, have led to rapid progress in the understanding of
      different relevant elementary processes. This contribution provides an overview
      of the most relevant and recent results, which reveal the importance of chemical
      sputtering as one of the most important processes for the elimination of
      biological residuals. Selected studies on the interaction of plasmas with
      bacteria, proteins and polypeptides are highlighted, and investigations employing
      beams of atoms and ions confirming the prominent role of chemical sputtering are
      presented. With this knowledge, it is possible to optimize the plasma treatment
      for decontamination/sterilisation purposes in terms of discharge composition,
      density of active species and UV radiation intensity.

PMID- 19967734
TI  - High-pressure hydrogen interactions with polyaminoborane and polyiminoborane.

PMID- 19967735
TI  - Towards the accurate calculation of 183W NMR chemical shifts in polyoxometalates:
      the relevance of the structure.
AB  - DFT calculations were carried out to study (183)W NMR chemical shifts in the
      family of the Keggin anions with formula alpha-[XW(12)O(40)](q-) (X=B, Al, Si, P,
      Ga, Ge, As, Zn), in the beta- and gamma-[SiW(12)O(40)](4-) geometric isomers, in
      the derivative Dawson anion [P(2)W(18)O(62)](6-), and in the most symmetrical
      Lindqvist [W(6)O(19)](2-) anion and its derivative [W(10)O(32)](4-). In this
      article, we show that the geometry employed in the calculation of NMR chemical
      shifts in polyoxotungstates is extremely important if we want to be quantitative.
      Using very large basis sets of QZ4P quality and taking into account the conductor
      like screening model (COSMO) to account for solvent effects (aqueous and organic
      solutions), good geometries were found for the polyoxoanions. From these optimal
      geometries the (183)W NMR chemical shifts were computed with the more standard
      basis sets of TZP quality and including spin-orbit corrections inside the zero
      order regular approximation (ZORA) to describe the relativistic effects of the
      internal electrons. With this strategy the mean absolute error between
      experimental and theoretical values was found to be less than 10 ppm, which is
      similar to the experimental error. We also discuss how the geometry of the
      polyoxoanion influences on the shielding.

PMID- 19967736
TI  - Engineering dendritic aptamer assemblies as superior inhibitors of protein
      function.

PMID- 19967738
TI  - Exfoliation of layered europium hydroxide into unilamellar nanosheets.

PMID- 19967737
TI  - Synthesis of gold microplates using bovine serum albumin as a reductant and a
      stabilizer.
AB  - Gold microplates were synthesized in aqueous solutions by reducing HAuCl(4) with
      the hydroxyl groups in both serine and threonine of bovine serum albumin (BSA),
      which is a globular protein in its native state. In this article, we
      systematically investigated the effects of temperature, pH value, the
      concentration of BSA, and ionic species on the reduction kinetics and thus the
      size and morphology of the final product. The optimal experimental conditions for
      producing uniform Au microplates include the following: an elevated temperature
      in the range of 55-65 degrees C, an acidic solution with pH approximately 3, and
      the presence of NaCl (0.14 M). We found that if any one of these parameters was
      deviated from the optimal condition, Au microplates would not be formed in high
      yields. We also found that the surfaces of the as-synthesized Au microplates were
      covered by a dense array of BSA bumps.

PMID- 19967739
TI  - Enhanced matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass
      spectrometric analysis of bacteriophage major capsid proteins with beta
      mercaptoethanol pretreatment.
AB  - Bacteriophage (phage) proteins have been analyzed previously with matrix-assisted
      laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
      However, analysis of phage major capsid proteins (MCPs) has been limited by the
      ability to reproducibly generate ions from MCP monomers. While the acidic
      conditions of MALDI-TOF MS sample preparation have been shown to aid in
      disassembly of some phage capsids, many require further treatment to successfully
      liberate MCP monomers. The findings presented here suggest that beta
      mercaptoethanol reduction of the disulfide bonds linking phage MCPs prior to mass
      spectrometric analysis results in significantly increased MALDI-TOF MS
      sensitivity and reproducibility of Yersinia pestis-specific phage protein
      profiles.

PMID- 19967740
TI  - Gas-phase intramolecular anion rearrangements of some trimethylsilyl-containing
      systems revisited. A theoretical approach.
AB  - Ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level
      of theory have been carried out for three prototypical rearrangement processes of
      organosilicon anion systems. The first two are reactions of enolate ions which
      involve oxygen-silicon bond formation via three- and four-membered states,
      respectively. The overall reactions are: CH(2) = C(O(-))Si(CH(3))(3) -->
      (CH(3))(3)SiO(-) + CH(2)C, and (CH(3))(3)SiCH = CHO(-) --> (CH(3))(3)SiO(-) +
      C(2)H(2). The DeltaG (reaction) values for the two processes are +175 and +51 kJ
      mol(-1), with maximum barriers (to the highest transition state) of +55 and +159
      kJ mol(-1), respectively. The third studied process is the following:
      (CH(3)O)C(=CH(2))Si(CH(3))(2)CH(2)(-) --> (CH(3))(2)(C(2)H(5))Si(-) + CH(2)CO, a
      process involving an S(N)i reaction between -CH(2)(-) and CH(3)O- followed by
      silicon-carbon bond cleavage. The reaction is favourable [DeltaG(reaction) = -39
      kJ mol(-1)] with the barrier for the S(N)i process being 175 kJ mol(-1). The
      previous experimental and the current theoretical data are complementary and in
      agreement.

PMID- 19967741
TI  - Electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry: a tool
      to characterize synthetic polyaminocarboxylate ferric chelates used as
      fertilizers.
AB  - Fertilizers based on synthetic polyaminocarboxylate ferric chelates have been
      known since the 1950s to be successful in supplying Fe to plants. In commercial
      Fe(III)-chelate fertilizers, a significant part of the water-soluble Fe-fraction
      consists of still uncharacterized Fe byproducts, whose agronomical value is
      unknown. Although collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry
      (MS/MS) is a valuable tool for the identification of such compounds, no
      fragmentation data have been reported for most Fe(III)-chelate fertilizers. The
      aim of this study was to characterize the CID-MS(2) fragmentation patterns of the
      major synthetic Fe(III)-chelates used as Fe-fertilizers, and subsequently use
      this technique for the characterization of commercial fertilizers. Quadrupole
      time-of-flight (QTOF) and spherical ion trap mass analyzers equipped with an
      electrospray ionization (ESI) source were used. ESI-CID-MS(2) spectra obtained
      were richer when using the QTOF device. Specific differences were found among
      Fe(III)-chelate fragmentation patterns, even in the case of positional isomers.
      The analysis of a commercial Fe(III)-chelate fertilizer by high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ESI-MS(QTOF) revealed two previously
      unknown, Fe-containing compounds, that were successfully identified by a
      comprehensive comparison of the ESI-CID-MS(2)(QTOF) spectra with those of pure
      chelates. This shows that HPLC/ESI-CID-MS(2)(QTOF), along with the Fe(III)
      chelate fragmentation patterns, could be a highly valuable tool to directly
      characterize the water-soluble Fe fraction in Fe(III)-chelate fertilizers. This
      could be of great importance in issues related to crop Fe-fertilization, both
      from an agricultural and an environmental point of view.

PMID- 19967742
TI  - Induced adult stem (iAS) cells and induced transit amplifying progenitor (iTAP)
      cells-a possible alternative to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells?
AB  - The successful derivation of iPSC lines effectively demonstrates that it is
      possible to reset the 'developmental clock' of somatic cells all the way back to
      the initial embryonic state. Hence, it is plausible that this clock may instead
      be turned back half-way to a less immature developmental stage that is more
      directly applicable to clinical therapeutic applications or for in vitro
      pharmacology/toxicology screening assays. Such a suitable developmental state is
      postulated to be either the putative transit amplifying progenitor stage or adult
      stem cell stage. It is hypothetically possible to reprogram mature and terminally
      differentiated somatic cells back to the adult stem cell or transit amplifying
      progenitor stage, in a manner similar to the derivation of iPSC. It is proposed
      that the terminology 'Induced Adult Stem Cells' (iASC) or 'Induced Transit
      Amplifying Progenitor Cells' (iTAPC) be used to described such reprogrammed
      somatic cells. Of particular interest, is the possibility of resetting the
      developmental clock of mature differentiated somatic cells of the mesenchymal
      lineage, explanted from adipose tissue, bone marrow and cartilage. The putative
      adult stem cell sub-population from which these cells are derived, commonly
      referred to as 'mesenchymal stem cells', are highly versatile and hold much
      therapeutic promise in regenerative medicine, as attested to by numerous human
      clinical trials and animal studies. Perhaps it may be appropriate to term such
      reprogrammed cells as 'Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells' (iMSC) or as 'Induced
      Mesenchumal Progenitor Cells' (iMPC). Given that cells from the same organ/tissue
      will share some commonalities in gene expression, we hypothesize that the
      generation of iASC or iTAPC would be more efficient as compared to iPSC
      generation, since a common epigenetic program must exist between the reprogrammed
      cells, adult stem cell or progenitor cell types and terminally differentiated
      cell types from the same organ/tissue.

PMID- 19967743
TI  - Industrial approach in developing an advanced therapy product for bone repair.
AB  - Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with therapeutic
      applications. The aim of our work was to develop an advanced therapy product for
      bone repair, associating autologous human adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) with human
      bone allograft (TBF; Phoenix). We drew up specifications that studied: (a) the
      influence of tissue collection procedures (elective liposuction or non-invasive
      resection) and patient age on cell number and function; (b) monolayer cell
      culture conditions and osteodifferentiation and particularly the possibility of
      reducing stages of culture; and (c) the bone construct preparation and especially
      the comparison between two types of cells seeded on bone allograft (number of
      cultured processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells and monolayer-expanded ASCs) and
      cultured for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The results showed that tissue harvesting
      techniques and patient age did not affect PLA cell number and ASC cloning
      efficiency. PLA cells can be directly osteodifferentiated (instead of culturing
      them in expansion medium first and then differentiating them) and these cells
      were able to mineralize when they were cultured in an osteogenic medium
      containing calcium chloride. PLA cells directly seeded on bone allograft for a
      minimum of 3 weeks of culture in this osteogenic medium expressed osteocalcin and
      colonized the matrix better than monolayer-expanded ASCs. This work detailed the
      specifications of a pharmaceutical laboratory to develop an advanced therapy
      product and this current approach is promising for bone repair.

PMID- 19967744
TI  - Functional life-long maintenance of engineered liver tissue in mice following
      transplantation under the kidney capsule.
AB  - The ability to engineer biologically active cells and tissue matrices with long
      term functional maintenance has been a principal focus for investigators in the
      field of hepatocyte transplantation and liver tissue engineering. The present
      study was designed to determine the efficacy and temporal persistence of
      functional engineered liver tissue following transplantation under the kidney
      capsule of a normal mouse. Hepatocytes were isolated from human alpha-1
      antitrypsin (hA1AT) transgenic mouse livers. Hepatocytes were subsequently
      transplanted under the kidney capsule space in combination with extracellular
      matrix components (Matrigel) for engineering liver tissues. The primary outcome
      of interest was to assess the level of engineering liver tissue function over the
      experimental period, which was 450 days. Long-term survival by the engineered
      liver tissue was confirmed by measuring the serum level of hA1AT in the recipient
      mice throughout the experimental period. In addition, administration of chemical
      compounds at day 450 resulted in the ability of the engineered liver tissue to
      metabolize exogenously circulating compounds and induce drug-metabolizing enzyme
      production. Moreover, we were able to document that the engineered tissues could
      retain their native regenerative potential similar to that of naive livers.
      Overall, these results demonstrated that liver tissues could be engineered at a
      heterologous site while stably maintaining its functionality for nearly the life
      span of a normal mouse.

PMID- 19967745
TI  - Skeletal tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells.
AB  - Various cell types have been investigated as candidate cell sources for cartilage
      and bone tissue engineering. In this review, we focused on chondrogenic and
      osteogenic differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and
      their potential in cartilage and bone tissue engineering. A decade ago, mouse
      ESCs were first used as a model to study cartilage and bone development and
      essential genes, factors and conditions for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis were
      unravelled. This knowledge, combined with data from the differentiation of adult
      stem cells, led to successful chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of
      mouse ESCs and later also human ESCs. Next, researchers focused on the use of
      ESCs for skeletal tissue engineering. Cartilage and bone tissue was formed in
      vivo using ESCs. However, the amount, homogeneity and stability of the cartilage
      and bone formed were still insufficient for clinical application. The current
      protocols require improvement not only in differentiation efficiency but also in
      ESC-specific hurdles, such as tumourigenicity and immunorejection. In addition,
      some of the general tissue engineering challenges, such as cell seeding and
      nutrient limitation in larger constructs, will also apply for ESCs. In
      conclusion, there are still many challenges, but there is potential for ESCs in
      skeletal tissue engineering.

PMID- 19967747
TI  - Absent ductus venosus associated with skeletal anomalies of the ulna and radius.

PMID- 19967746
TI  - Cryopreservation of stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue in a serum-free
      freezing medium.
AB  - Developing effective techniques for the cryopreservation of human adipose-derived
      adult stem cells could increase the usefulness of these cells in tissue
      engineering and regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, the use of serum and a
      commonly used cryoprotectant chemical, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), during
      cryopreservation storage restricts the direct translation of adult stem cells to
      in vivo applications. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that
      the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue can be effectively
      cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen, using a freezing medium containing
      high molecular weight polymers, such as methylcellulose (MC) and/or
      polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP), as the cryoprotective agent (CPA) instead of DMSO. To
      this end, we investigated the post-freeze/thaw viability and apoptotic behaviour
      of SVF of adipose tissue frozen in 16 different media: (a) the traditional medium
      containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 80% fetal calf serum
      (FCS) and 10% DMSO; (b) DMEM with 80% human serum (HS) and 10% DMSO; (c) DMEM
      with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% or 10% DMSO; (d) DMEM with 1% MC and 10% of either HS or
      FCS or DMSO; (e) DMEM with 10% PVP and varying concentrations of FCS (0%, 10%,
      40% or 80%); (f) DMEM with 10% PVP and 10% HS. Approximately 1 ml (10(6)
      cells/ml) of SVF cells were frozen overnight in a -80 degrees C freezer and
      stored in liquid nitrogen for 2 weeks before being rapidly thawed in a 37 degrees
      C water bath (1-2 min agitation), resuspended in culture medium and seeded in
      separate wells of a six-well plate for a 24 h incubation period at 37 degrees C.
      After 24 h, the thawed samples were analysed by brightfield microscopy and flow
      cytometry. The results suggest that the absence of DMSO (and the presence of MC)
      significantly increases the fraction of apoptotic and/or necrotic SVF cells.
      However, the percentage of viable cells obtained with 10% PVP and DMEM was
      comparable with that obtained in freezing medium with DMSO and serum (HS or FCS),
      i.e. approximately 54 +/- 14% and approximately 63 +/- 10%, respectively.
      Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation behaviour of the frozen thawed cells
      was also assessed, using histochemical staining. Our results suggest that post
      thaw SVF cell viability and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiability can be
      maintained even when they are frozen in the absence of serum and DMSO but with
      10% PVP in DMEM.

PMID- 19967748
TI  - Growth inhibition of SK-MEL-30 human melanoma cells by antisense c-myc
      oligonucleotides delivered by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/ poly(ethyleneimine)
      copolymer.
AB  - The c-myc oncogene has been shown to be overexpressed in a number of malignancies
      and plays a key role in the abnormal growth regulation of melanoma cells. This
      study aimed to provide an efficient system for the in vitro manipulation of c-myc
      expression by antisense oligonucleotides. Therefore, we used poly(NIPA)/PEI2B
      copolymer as vector in order to improve the intracellular availability and
      stability of AS ODNs. We targeted oligonucleotide sequences within the human c
      myc mRNA as free AS ODNs or conjugated with a thermosensitive copolymer, in an
      effort to inhibit the growth of human melanoma cells. The conjugates adopted more
      positive charge and smaller size at 37 degrees C and they had no toxic effects on
      human fibroblast cells. The conjugated AS ODNs showed increased antiproliferative
      effect on melanoma cells as compared to free AS ODNs. At a concentration of 100
      ng, AS ODNs inhibited SK-MEL 30 human melanoma cell line proliferation maximally
      by 18.6%, whereas the same amount of conjugated AS ODN provided 52% inhibition.
      The greatest inhibition was obtained by conjugates having a polymer:AS ODN ratio
      of 9. Greatest inhibition was detected at 48 h and decreased after 96 h, which
      may be due to the depletion of AS ODNs. The results confirm the enhanced
      antiproliferative effects of poly(NIPA)/PEI2B-conjugated AS ODNs, which may
      provide improved intracellular availability for c-myc-directed antisense
      strategies.

PMID- 19967749
TI  - Fetal cystoscopy for severe lower urinary tract obstruction--initial experience
      of a single center.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report the experience with fetal cystoscopy and laser fulguration
      of posterior urethral values (PUV) for severe lower urinary tract obstruction
      (LUTO). METHODS: Between July 2006 and December 2008, fetal cystoscopy was
      offered to 23 patients whose fetuses presented with severe LUTO, favorable
      urinary analysis and gestational age <26 weeks. Fetal urinary biochemistry was
      evaluated before and after cystoscopy. All infants were followed 6-12 months
      after birth. Abnormal renal function was defined when serum creatinine higher
      than 50 micromol/L (2 Standard Deviation) or the necessity of dialysis or renal
      transplantation. Autopsy was always performed whenever fetal or neonatal deaths
      occurred. RESULTS: Eleven patients decided to undergo fetal therapy and 12
      elected to continue with expectant observation. There was no difference between
      both groups in gestation age at diagnosis and referral examinations. Urethral
      atresia was diagnosed in 4/11 (36.4%) fetuses by fetal cystoscopy. At 26 weeks,
      fetuses that were managed expectantly presented with worse urinary biochemistry
      results (p < 0.05). Survival rates and percentage of infants with normal renal
      function were significantly higher in the cystoscopic group than in the expectant
      group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous fetal cystoscopy is feasible using a
      thinner special cannula for prenatal diagnosis and therapy of LUTO. Prenatal
      laser ablation of the PUV under cystoscopy may prevent renal function
      deterioration improving postnatal outcome.

PMID- 19967750
TI  - Contingent triple-screening for Down syndrome in the second trimester: a
      feasibility study in Mainland Chinese population.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy of contingent triple-screening for Down
      syndrome (DS), that is, performing triple-screening in pregnant women with DS
      risks between 1/270 and 1/1000 at routine double-screening, in a Mainland Chinese
      population. METHODS: Maternal serum concentrations of alpha fetoprotein (AFP),
      free-beta human chorionic gonadotropin (free beta-hCG), and unconjugated estriol
      (uE3) were measured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay in 24 double-screening
      false-negative (DSFN) and 322 double-screening true-negative (DSTN) pregnancies
      with DS risks between 1/270 and 1/1000 at routine double-screening performed at
      15-20 weeks' gestation. DS risk of each pregnancy was calculated by computer
      software. The detection rate (DR), false-positive rate (FPR), and costs of
      contingent triple-screening were calculated and compared with routine double
      screening methods. RESULTS: Six of 24 DSFN and 3 of 322 DSTN were contingent
      triple-screening positive. Compared with routine double-screening, DR of
      contingent triple-screening increased by 10% (from 50% to 60%) without a
      significant increase of FPR (p > 0.05). When compared with routine triple
      screening, uE3 costs in contingent triple-screening were reduced by more than
      84.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Second-trimester maternal serum contingent triple-screening
      could be effective and suitable for prenatal care in Mainland China. Governments
      and Health Agencies of other developing countries may also find this strategy
      cost-effective.

PMID- 19967751
TI  - Commentary on 'Designs of dose-escalation trials with quantitative responses'.

PMID- 19967752
TI  - Commentary on 'Designs for dose-escalation trials with quantitative responses'.
AB  - Bailey (Statist. Medi 2009; this issue) puts the focus on efficiency in dose
      finding studies and shows that some quite simple modifications to much current
      experimentation can lead to significant efficiency gains. Efficiency has not been
      the main focus of interest in this field, in particular when dealing with
      situations requiring other than healthy volunteers. Dr Bailey's results are
      important, both in theory and in practice and also raise the question as to what
      ought to be the guiding principle to statistical workers in this field. Safety,
      although escaping any simple definition, has mostly guided experimentation in
      dose-finding studies; one reason being that the concept is one on which
      clinicians and statisticians can come to some broad agreement. Finding such
      agreement may still be the single major difficulty in these studies, alongside
      the establishment of criteria that all of the scientists involved believe are the
      most appropriate and useful ones.

PMID- 19967753
TI  - Commentary on 'Designs for dose-escalation trials with quantitative responses'.

PMID- 19967754
TI  - Commentary on 'Designs for dose-escalation trials with quantitative responses'.

PMID- 19967756
TI  - Commentary on 'Designs for dose-escalation trials with quantitative responses'.

PMID- 19967757
TI  - Micropillar substrate influences the cellular attachment and laminin expression.
AB  - Fibroblasts alter their mode of attachment and focal contact when placed on
      square arrays of silicon pillars. The pillars had 1-microm diameters with
      identical surface chemistry. Distance between pillars is 9 microm and height of
      pillars is 1, 5, or 10 microm on substrates. We found that these micropillars,
      rather than specific interactions, provided more opportunities for mechanical
      interlocking of the fibroblasts and acted as physical barriers that restrained
      cell migration. The cellular morphology and behavior is guidable by the height of
      pillars. In some cases, the fibroblasts filled in the intervals among several
      pillars; in others, a pillar protruded visibly through the cell body but did not
      pierce it, the cells were survived. Therefore, fibroblasts were immobilized upon
      in situ and the cytoplasma migrated outward to the bottom of the substrate
      subsequently. Laminin plays a critical role in cell attachment to the basement
      membrane. The results of laminin expression in fibroblasts suggest that pillar
      pattern appears to change cellular behavior and affect laminin expression
      significantly.

PMID- 19967758
TI  - In vitro and in vivo testing of novel ultrathin PCL and PCL/PLA blend films as
      peripheral nerve conduit.
AB  - In an attempt to obviate the drawbacks of nerve autograft, ultrathin microporous
      biodegradable PCL and PCL/PLA films were tested for their compatibility with
      motor neuron-like NG108-15 cells and primary Schwann cells. Data obtained from
      MTS colorimetric and DNA fluorimetric assays showed that both cell lines readily
      attached and proliferated on these materials. Images taken using scanning
      electron microscope and fluorescence microscope confirmed these observations.
      Enhanced cell-surface interaction was achieved by pretreating the films in NaOH
      solution. Importantly, NG108-15 cells could be induced into differentiated
      phenotype with long, un-branched neurites growing across the surface of the
      materials. The bipolar spindle-shaped phenotype of Schwann cells was also
      retained on these scaffolds. Positive immunochemical staining using antibodies
      against neurofilament for NG108-15 cells and S100 for Schwann cells indicated the
      expression of these marker proteins. In a small-scaled pilot testing, the
      performance of PCL conduits in bridging up a 10 mm gap in rat sciatic nerve model
      was assessed. Immunohistochemical staining showed that regenerated nerve tissue
      and penetrated Schwann cells have the potential to span the whole length of the
      conduit in 2 weeks.

PMID- 19967759
TI  - Population structure and paternal admixture landscape on present-day Mexican
      Mestizos revealed by Y-STR haplotypes.
AB  - Mestizos currently represent most of the Mexican population (>90%); they are
      defined as individuals born in the country having a Spanish-derived last name,
      with family antecedents of Mexican ancestors back at least to the third
      generation. Mestizos are result of 500 years of admixture mainly among Spaniards,
      Amerindians, and African slaves. Consequently, a complex genetic pattern has been
      generated throughout the country that has been scarcely studied from the paternal
      point of view. This fact is important, taking into account that gene flow toward
      the New World comprised largely males. We analyzed the population structure and
      paternal admixture of present-day Mexican-Mestizo populations based on Y-STRs. We
      genotyped at least 12 Y-STRs in DNA samples of 986 males from five states:
      Aguascalientes (n = 293); Jalisco (n = 185); Guanajuato (n = 168); Chiapas (n =
      170); and Yucatan (n = 170). AmpFlSTR Y-filer and Powerplex-Y(R) kits were used.
      Inclusion of North and Central Y-STR databases in the analyses allowed obtaining
      a Y-STR variability landscape from Mexico. Results confirmed the population
      differentiation gradient previously noted in Mestizos with SNPs and autosomal
      STRs throughout the Mexican territory: European ancestry increments to the
      Northwest and, correspondingly, Amerindian ancestry increments to the Center and
      Southeast. In addition, SAMOVA test and Autocorrelation Index for DNA Analysis
      autocorrelogram plot suggested preferential gene flow of males with neighboring
      populations in agreement with the isolation-by-distance model. Results are
      important for disease-risk studies (principally male-related) and for human
      identification purposes, because Y-STR databases are not available on the
      majority of Mexican-Mestizo populations.

PMID- 19967760
TI  - Free medial plantar artery perforator flap for finger pulp reconstruction: report
      of a series of 10 cases.
AB  - PURPOSE: Treatment of composite tissue loss in the finger pulp is often
      difficult. The purpose of this report is to present our experience on using
      medial plantar artery perforator flap for repair of finger pulp defects and to
      restore fingertip sensation after traumatic injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The
      free medial plantar artery perforator (MPAP) flaps were performed for digital
      pulp reconstruction in ten patients (eight fingertips and two thumbtips) between
      June, 2006 and December, 2007. This flap blood supply was perforator vessel of
      medial plantar artery, which was through the intermuscular septum between the
      abductor hallucis muscle and the flexor digitorum muscle. The recipient vessels
      were digital artery and dorsal digital vein. The flap was not reinnervated during
      transfer procedures. The donor sites were closed primarily in all cases. RESULTS:
      Flap size ranged from 15 x 25 mm to 60 x 20 mm. All flaps were survival. Partial
      loss occurred in one flap, due to venous congestion caused by excessive stitch
      tension. The donor sites healed unevenfully in eight cases, but mild wound
      dehiscence occurred in two cases. The follow-ups ranged from 6 to 29 months with
      the mean of 18.1 months. The mean of s-2PD and m-2PD were 8.8 mm and 6.8 mm at
      patients' last visits, respectively. CONCLUSION: MPAP flaps are good in terms of
      general morbidity, cosmetic results, and durability. This flap is a valuable
      alternative method of repairing the glabrous finger pulp and tip defects.

PMID- 19967761
TI  - Comparison of the effects of inhalation, epidural, spinal, and combined
      anesthesia techniques on rat cremaster muscle flap microcirculation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This experimental study was designed to investigate and compare the
      effects of different anesthesia techniques on rat cremaster muscle flap
      microcirculation. METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats (130-150 g body weight)
      were divided into five experimental groups containing ten animals each. Group I,
      group II, and group III were designated as inhalation, epidural, and spinal
      anesthesia groups, respectively. Group IV was designated as a combination group
      for inhalation and epidural anesthesia. Group V was a combination group of
      inhalation and spinal anesthesia. RESULTS: Group III and group V showed
      significant increases in the number of rolling and sticking leucocytes and in RBC
      volume (peripheral stasis) when compared with group I. Blood flow and velocity
      significantly increased without peripheral stasis in groups II and IV when
      compared with group I. Although there was no statistically significant difference
      in the numbers of rolling, sticking, and transmigrating leucocytes or in
      functional capillary perfusion, group IV had better flow hemodynamics in the
      peripheral microcirculation when compared with group I. CONCLUSIONS: The
      inhalation and epidural anesthesia combination was determined to be the ideal
      anesthesia technique for improved peripheral microcirculation. Spinal anesthesia,
      either separately or in combination with inhalation anesthesia, has adverse
      effects on microcirculation.

PMID- 19967762
TI  - Postoperative monitoring of lower limb free flaps with the Cook-Swartz
      implantable Doppler probe: A clinical trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Free flaps to the lower limb have inherently high venous pressures,
      potentially impairing flap viability, which may lead to limb amputation if flap
      failure ensues. Adequate monitoring of flap perfusion is thus essential, with
      timely detection of flap compromise able to potentiate flap salvage. While
      clinical monitoring has been popularized, recent use of the implantable Doppler
      probe has been used with success in other free flap settings. METHODS: A
      comparative study of 40 consecutive patients undergoing microvascular free flap
      reconstruction of lower limb defects was undertaken, with postoperative
      monitoring achieved with either clinical monitoring alone or the use of the Cook
      Swartz implantable Doppler probe. RESULTS: The use of the implantable Doppler
      probe was associated with salvage of 2/2 compromised flaps compared to salvage of
      2/5 compromised flaps in the group undergoing clinical monitoring alone (salvage
      rate 100% vs. 40%, P = 0.28). While not statistically significant, this was a
      strong trend toward an improved flap salvage rate with the use of the implantable
      Doppler probe. There were no false positives or negatives in either group. One
      flap loss in the clinically monitored group resulted in limb amputation (the only
      amputation in the cohort). CONCLUSION: A trend toward early detection and salvage
      of flaps with anastomotic insufficiency was seen with the use of the Cook-Swartz
      implantable Doppler probe. These findings suggest a possible benefit of this
      technique as a stand-alone or adjunctive tool in the clinical monitoring of free
      flaps, with further investigation warranted into the broader application of these
      devices.

PMID- 19967763
TI  - Acute digital ischemia: a neglected microsurgical emergency. Report of 17
      patients and literature review.
AB  - This study was performed to review our 16-year experience in acute finger
      ischemia. A review of the literature was also performed. A retrospective chart
      review of 17 patients, 14 men and 3 women, was conducted. Etiologies were ulnar
      aneurysm in 11 cases, atrial fibrillation in five cases and thoracic outlet
      syndrome in one case. Upto the palmar superficial arch, embolus due to atrial
      fibrillation or thoracic outlet syndrome could be loosened by a Fogarty catheter.
      In cases of aneurysm of the ulnar artery, we performed each time an aneurysm
      resection followed by direct anastomose alone, while three patients had
      additional grafts: artery graft (epigastric artery) or reversed vein grafts
      (superficial forearm vein). Microsurgical dissection of the digital collateral
      arteries enabled us to perform a thrombectomy. The transversal arteriotomies were
      closed after the collateral arteries were washed. The immediate perfusion of
      digit after the reconstruction of the aneurysm was each time excellent. The
      disoccluded vessels, investigated by Allen testing and Doppler ultrasound, were
      all patents. Two patients suffered from a small ulcer of the small fingertip that
      disappeared after 2 weeks. One patient had a 30 degrees ischemic flexion
      contracture in the metacarpophalangeal joint and 25 degrees flexion contracture
      in the proximal interphalangeal joint of the third digit. With regards to long
      term outcomes, no secondary amputations were necessary and there was no
      recurrence after a mean follow-up of 10.7 years. Diagnostic of acute digital
      ischemia is often neglected. An early recognition and an aggressive microsurgical
      treatment are necessary to ensure low morbidity.

PMID- 19967764
TI  - Subfascial variants of the deep inferior epigastric artery and its perforators:
      use the hydrodissection technique.

PMID- 19967766
TI  - Application of fetal neural stem cells transplantation in delaying denervated
      muscle atrophy in rats with peripheral nerve injury.
AB  - Injury to peripheral nerves always results in progressive skeletal muscle atrophy
      and poor functional recovery. Previous studies have demonstrated that
      transplanting neural stem cells (NSCs) into peripheral nerve can differentiate
      into neurons and delay muscle atrophy. However, the mechanism was not very clear.
      In this study, we transplanted the fetal NSCs to the injured nerve and examined
      new formed neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in the denervated muscle and arrest of
      muscle atrophy. In our study, two pregnant Fischer rats were used to harvest
      fetal NSCs, 70 rats were randomly divided into NSC-transplanted and control
      groups, five rats without surgery were used as the normal control. A volume of 5
      microl culture media with or without fetal NSCs (5 x 10(6)) were transplanted
      into distal tibial nerve stump after the nerve was transected in two groups,
      respectively. Three, five, and seven months after denervation, the dry weight of
      gastrocnemius muscle was found significant heavier, and the fiber area was more
      retained in NSC-transplanted group comparing to the control group (P < 0.05).
      Neurons were found in the distal tibial nerves even 7 months after fetal NSCs
      transplantation. Newly formed NMJs were detected by immunohistochemistry. In
      addition, the results of electrophysiological analysis and retrograde tracing
      manifested that the neural pathway between muscle and differentiated neurons was
      integrity. In conclusions, our study demonstrated that fetal NSCs transplanted
      into peripheral nerves could differentiate into neurons and form functional NMJs
      with denervated muscle, which may be beneficial for the treatment of muscle
      atrophy after peripheral nerve injury.

PMID- 19967767
TI  - The use of vascularized jejunum flap for vaginal reconstruction: clinical
      experience and results in 22 patients.
AB  - The ideal reconstructive method for a vagina should provide a durable, stable
      coverage, a patent tube passage for sexual intercourse, and a natural esthetic
      contour, while simultaneously minimizing morbidity in both the recipient and
      donor sites, and should be a single stage procedure obviating the use of stents,
      obturators, and lubrication. Twenty-two patients with absence of the vagina
      underwent vaginal reconstruction using the jejunal segment transfer technique.
      Two flaps required re-operation due to venous compromise postoperatively. The
      flaps were salvaged with venous anastomosis revisions. The overall flap success
      rate was thus 100%. No urinary tract or gastrointestinal system complication was
      observed in any case, nor any instance of vaginal introitus. The average follow
      up period was 19 months (between 3 and 48 months). Both the depth and diameter of
      the neovagina were satisfactory postoperatively. After the immediate
      postoperative period, the only major and embarrassing problem was hypersecretion
      of the jejunal segment, but this gradually diminished, especially after the first
      3 months. Those patients who engaged in sexual intercourse reported good patency
      and had no complaints in that regard. In conclusion with its evident advantages,
      the jejunal segment can serve as a reliable option for vaginal reconstruction. It
      provides quite satisfactory results from both the cosmetic and functional points
      of view.

PMID- 19967768
TI  - Bringing up baby: Developmental simulation of the adult cranial morphology of
      rungwecebus kipunji.
AB  - Rungwecebus kipunji is a recently discovered, critically endangered primate
      endemic to southern Tanzania. Although phenetically similar to mangabeys,
      molecular analyses suggest it is more closely related to Papio or possibly
      descended from an ancient population of baboon-mangabey hybrids. At present, only
      a single kipunji specimen, an M1-stage juvenile male, is available for study;
      thus, the cranial morphology of the adult kipunji is unknown. In this study, we
      used developmental simulation to estimate the adult kipunji's 3D cranial
      morphology. We examined variation in cercopithecine developmental vectors,
      applied selected vectors to the juvenile cranium, and compared the resulting
      simulated adults to actual adult male papionins. Differences between papionin
      developmental vectors were small and statistically insignificant. This uniformity
      suggests conservation of an ancestral papionin developmental program. Simulated
      kipunji adults were likewise extremely similar. As a group, the simulated adults
      were morphometrically distinct from other papionins, corroborating the kipunji's
      generic status. Simulated adults were phenetically most similar to Lophocebus
      aterrimus but were distinguished from all adult papionins by the same unique
      traits that characterize the kipunji juvenile: a tall neurocranium, broad face,
      short nasal bones, concave anteorbital profile, and dorsally rotated palate. This
      concordance between juvenile and estimated-adult morphologies confirms that
      papionin cranial shape is largely established before M1 eruption. The estimated
      kipunji adult's neurocranium strongly resembles that of Papio, providing the
      first cranial evidence supporting their phylogenetic relationship. If the kipunji
      does indeed have a hybrid origin, then its phenetic affinity to L. aterrimus
      favors Lophocebus as the proto-kipunji's paternal lineage.

PMID- 19967769
TI  - Impact of the virtual reality on the neural representation of an environment.
AB  - Despite the increasing use of virtual reality, the impact on cerebral
      representation of topographical knowledge of learning by virtual reality rather
      than by actual locomotion has never been investigated. To tackle this challenging
      issue, we conducted an experiment wherein participants learned an immersive
      virtual environment using a joystick. The following day, participants' brain
      activity was monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging while they
      mentally estimated distances in this environment. Results were compared with that
      of participants performing the same task but having learned the real version of
      the environment by actual walking. We detected a large set of areas shared by
      both groups including the parieto-frontal areas and the parahippocampal gyrus.
      More importantly, although participants of both groups performed the same mental
      task and exhibited similar behavioral performances, they differed at the brain
      activity level. Unlike real learners, virtual learners activated a left
      lateralized network associated with tool manipulation and action semantics. This
      demonstrated that a neural fingerprint distinguishing virtual from real learning
      persists when subjects use a mental representation of the learnt environment with
      equivalent performances.

PMID- 19967770
TI  - Trauma type, gender, and risk of PTSD in a region within an area of conflict.
AB  - The relation between trauma type, gender, and risk of posttraumatic stress
      disorder (PTSD) still remains unclear. The authors investigated the association
      among gender and trauma type and risk of PTSD among people living within an area
      of conflict. Traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms among 708 participants were
      assessed. It was determined that more men (53%) were exposed to traumatic events
      than women (44%). They also found no difference in PTSD prevalence according to
      gender. However, the authors found that there was a different risk of PTSD among
      men and women who experienced similar traumatic events: the risk of PTSD for
      those who experienced military conflict was higher among men than it was among
      women.

PMID- 19967771
TI  - Innovations in trauma research methods, 2008.

PMID- 19967772
TI  - Second complete remission of relapsed medulloblastoma induced by metronomic
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Prognosis for children with relapsed medulloblastoma remains poor. Metronomic
      chemotherapy may offer some benefit to patients treated initially with intensive
      regimens. However, dosing and duration of such palliative treatment have not been
      systematically studied. Here we describe a child with medulloblastoma relapsing
      after initial high-dose chemotherapy and standard radiotherapy. The patient was
      then treated with metronomic chemotherapy and achieved second complete remission
      after 21 months of treatment. Three months off therapy he relapsed again and died
      from progressive disease. This case illustrates the potential benefit of
      metronomic chemotherapy but also shows the uncertainty of when to stop metronomic
      chemotherapy while balancing toxicity.

PMID- 19967773
TI  - Complications and risk factors of infection in pediatric hemato-oncology patients
      with totally implantable access ports (TIAPs).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Totally implantable access ports (TIAPs) are widely used in pediatric
      hematology-oncology patients. We investigated the incidence of complications,
      causes of TIAP removal, and risk factors for infection. PROCEDURE: We
      retrospectively analyzed the clinical, demographic, and surgical characteristics
      in 225 pediatric hematology-oncology patients implanted with 238 TIAPs between
      January 2004 and December 2005. RESULTS: Except for 20 patients lost to follow
      up, the mean maintenance period was 724.8 +/- 500.6 days (range: 17-2,124).
      Mechanical complications occurred in seven patients (2.9%). The causes of TIAP
      removal were termination of use in 130 patients (59.6%), death from primary
      disease with TIAP in situ in 35 (14.7%), infection in 35 (14.7%), and obstruction
      in 4 (1.8%). Early infections occurred in nine patients at mean 37.77 +/- 16.44
      days (range: 17-56). Late infections occurred in 26 patients at mean 334.5 +/-
      257.82 days (range: 68-997). Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of
      early infection were re-implantation (P = 0.022) and long operation time (P =
      0.045). The risk factors of late infection were ANC <500/mm(3) (P = 0.011) and
      platelet count <50,000/mm(3) (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, re
      implantation was a significant risk factor of early infection (P = 0.033, OR
      4.528) and low platelet count (<50,000/mm(3)) was the independent risk factor for
      late infection (P = 0.005, OR 4.24). CONCLUSIONS: Correct procedure and careful
      use decreases the incidence of early infection and leads to the prevention of re
      implantation. Initial thrombocytopenia was attributable to bone marrow
      suppression caused by hematologic malignancies or severe infection. Thus, this
      condition is of value in predicting late infection.

PMID- 19967774
TI  - Erwinia asparaginase: coming closer to an understanding of its use in pediatric
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

PMID- 19967776
TI  - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and cancer: intense and sustained neutrophilia as a
      treatment against solid tumors.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the most abundant circulating immune
      cells and represent the first line of immune defense against infection. This
      review of the biomedical literature of the last 40 years shows that they also
      have a powerful antitumoral effect under certain circumstances. Typically, the
      microenvironment surrounding a solid tumor possesses many of the characteristics
      of chronic inflammation, a condition considered very favorable for tumor growth
      and spread. However, there are many circumstances that shift the chronic
      inflammatory state toward an acute inflammatory response around a tumor. This
      shift seems to convert PMN into very efficient anticancer effector cells.
      Clinical reports of unexpected antitumoral effects linked to the prolonged use of
      granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, which stimulates an intense and sustained
      neutrophilia, suggest that an easy way to fight solid tumors would be to
      encourage the development of intense peritumoral PMN infiltrates. Specifically
      designed clinical trials are urgently needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy
      of such drug-induced neutrophilia in patients with solid tumors. This antitumoral
      role of neutrophils may provide new avenues for the clinical treatment of cancer.

PMID- 19967775
TI  - Estrogen receptor beta ligands: recent advances and biomedical applications.
AB  - Recent work elucidating the role that the estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), a
      member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays in regulating various
      physiological functions has highlighted the potential of this receptor subtype as
      a therapeutic target for several pathologies. In fact, molecules that are able to
      selectively activate ERbeta hold promise for the treatment of certain cancers, as
      well as endometriosis, inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, and
      cardiovascular and CNS conditions. Nevertheless, ERbeta remains a challenging
      target because its ligand-binding cavity is very similar to that present in
      ERalpha, and this makes it difficult to develop ligands having sufficient levels
      of ERbeta selectivity for therapeutic use. Nevertheless, considerable advances
      have recently been made in developing both nonsteroidal and steroidal ERbeta
      selective agonists. These molecules constitute not only important tools to probe
      the biological effects of the selective stimulation of ERbeta, but some of them
      appear to be agents with considerable therapeutic potential. This study provides
      a detailed review of selective ERbeta ligands that have been developed recently.
      After a brief introduction to the structure and nature of the two ERs and the
      biology of ERbeta and its isoforms, the ligands are classified on the basis of
      their structures and activities. Common pharmacophore elements are highlighted
      throughout the description of the various chemical classes analyzed, and these
      elements are presented in a concluding summary overview along with a discussion
      of potential therapeutic applications of these agents in biomedicine.

PMID- 19967777
TI  - Swellable microparticles as carriers for sustained pulmonary drug delivery.
AB  - In this investigation, novel biodegradable physically crosslinked hydrogel
      microparticles were developed and evaluated in vitro as potential carriers for
      sustained pulmonary drug delivery. To facilitate sustained release in the lungs,
      aerosols must first navigate past efficient aerodynamic filtering to penetrate to
      the deep lung (requires small particle size) where they must then avoid rapid
      macrophage clearance (enhanced by large particle size). The strategy suggested in
      this study to solve this problem is to deliver drug-loaded hydrogel
      microparticles with aerodynamic characteristics allowing them to be respirable
      when dry but attain large swollen sizes once deposited on moist lung surfaces to
      reduce macrophage uptake rates. The microparticles are based on PEG graft
      copolymerized onto chitosan in combination with Pluronic(R) F-108 and were
      prepared via cryomilling. The synthesized polymers used in preparation of the
      microparticles were characterized using FTIR, EA, 2D-XRD, and differential
      scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microparticles size, morphology, moisture
      content, and biodegradation rates were investigated. Swelling studies and in
      vitro drug release profiles were determined. An aerosolization study was
      conducted and macrophage uptake rates were evaluated against controls. The
      microparticles showed a respirable fraction of approximately 15% when prepared as
      dry powders. Enzymatic degradation of microparticles started within the first
      hour and about 7-41% weights were remaining after 240 h. Microparticles showed
      sustained release up to 10 and 20 days in the presence and absence of lysozyme,
      respectively. Preliminary macrophage interaction studies indicate that the
      developed hydrogel microparticles significantly delayed phagocytosis and may have
      the potential for sustained drug delivery to the lung.

PMID- 19967778
TI  - Transdermal delivery of fentanyl from matrix and reservoir systems: effect of
      heat and compromised skin.
AB  - The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received numerous
      reports of serious adverse events, including death, in patients using fentanyl
      transdermal systems (FTS). To gain a better understanding of these problems, the
      current research focuses on the in vitro characterization of fentanyl reservoir
      (Duragesic) and matrix (Mylan) systems with respect to drug release and skin
      permeation under conditions of elevated temperature and compromised skin. In
      addition, different synthetic membrane barriers were evaluated to identify the
      one that best simulates fentanyl skin transport, and thus may be useful as a
      model for these systems in future studies. The results indicate that reservoir
      and matrix FTS are comparable when applied to intact skin at normal skin
      temperature but the kinetics of drug delivery are different in the two systems.
      At 40 degrees C, the permeation rate of fentanyl was twice that seen at 32
      degrees C over the first 24 h in both systems; however, the total drug permeation
      in 72 h is significantly higher in the reservoir FTS. When applied to partially
      compromised skin, matrix FTS has a greater permeation enhancement effect than
      reservoir FTS. The intrinsic rate limiting membrane of the reservoir system
      served to limit drug permeation when the skin (barrier) permeability was
      compromised. Different ethylene vinyl acetate membranes were shown to have
      fentanyl permeability values encompassing the variability in human skin. Results
      using the in vitro model developed using synthetic membranes suggest that they
      mimic the effect of compromised skin on fentanyl permeability. Especially for
      highly potent drugs such as fentanyl, it is important that patients follow
      instructions regarding application of heat and use of the product on compromised
      skin.

PMID- 19967779
TI  - Development and in vitro evaluation of surfactant systems for controlled release
      of zidovudine.
AB  - The development of a controlled-release dosage form of zidovudine (AZT) is of
      crucial importance, in view of the pharmacokinetics of its toxic activity. A
      suitable drug delivery system could increase AZT bioavailability, reducing its
      dose-dependent side effects. In this study, systems composed of polyoxypropylene
      (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol as surfactant (S), oleic acid as oil phase
      (O), and water (W) were developed, as possible AZT control release systems. They
      were characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), SAXS, and rheological
      analysis, followed by in vitro release assay. PLM and SAXS results indicated that
      the mixtures of S/O/W in the proportions 55/35/10 and 55/25/20 formed
      microemulsion (ME) systems, while 55/20/25 formed lamellar phase. The
      incorporation of AZT in these systems was greater than in water or oil; moreover,
      AZT incorporation did not significantly change the phase behavior of the
      mixtures. MEs behave as Newtonian fluids in flow rheological analysis and the
      lamellar phase as a pseudoplastic fluid. The release profile indicated that AZT
      could be released in a controlled manner, since an exponential pattern governs
      AZT diffusion, as demonstrated by the Weibull mathematical model. These systems
      are potential carriers for AZT and could have advantages over conventional
      pharmaceutical forms.

PMID- 19967780
TI  - Delivery of the photosensitizer Pc 4 in PEG-PCL micelles for in vitro PDT
      studies.
AB  - The silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 is a second-generation photosensitizer that has
      several properties superior to other photosensitizers currently approved by the
      FDA, and it has shown significant promise for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in
      several cancer cells in vitro and model tumor systems in vivo. However, because
      of the high hydrophobicity of Pc 4, its formulation for in vivo delivery and
      favorable biodistribution become challenging. To this end, we are studying
      encapsulation and delivery of Pc 4 in block copolymer micelles. Here, we report
      the development of biocompatible PEG-PCL micelle nanoparticles, encapsulation of
      Pc 4 within the micelle core by hydrophobic association with the PCL block, and
      in vitro PDT studies of the micelle-formulated Pc 4 in MCF-7c3 human breast
      cancer cells. Our studies demonstrate efficient encapsulation of Pc 4 in the
      micelles, intracellular uptake of the micelle-formulated Pc 4 in cells, and
      significant cytotoxic effect of the formulation upon photoirradiation.
      Quantitative estimation of the extent of Pc 4 loading in the micelles and the
      photocytotoxicity of the micelle-incorporated Pc 4 demonstrate the promise of our
      approach to develop a biocompatible nanomedicine platform for tumor-targeted
      delivery of Pc 4 for site-selective PDT.

PMID- 19967781
TI  - Impact of counterion on the chemical stability of crystalline salts of procaine.
AB  - Pharmaceutical compounds may be formulated as the salt form for a variety of
      reasons, including to increase solubility and dissolution rate as well as to
      improve the chemical or physical stability. The choice of salt former will
      influence properties such as solubility and may also have consequences on the
      solid-state chemical stability of the salt, particularly in the presence of
      moisture. The purpose of this work is to investigate the role of the counterion
      in affecting chemical stability. A series of crystalline salts of the model
      hydrolyzable compound procaine, encompassing a large range in both solubility and
      saturated solution pH, were synthesized and subjected to conditions of elevated
      temperature and relative humidities. The counterion was found to have a profound
      effect on chemical stability with apparent rate constants varying by more than
      two orders of magnitude across the range of compounds studied. A model was
      developed to predict the chemical stability of the various salts, and good
      agreement was observed between the model predictions and experimental data. The
      most important factors affecting the solid-state stability were found to be a
      combination of the hygroscopicity of the salt, its aqueous solubility, and the pH
      of the saturated solution. Thus it can be concluded that for procaine salts, the
      nature of the counterion plays a significant role in influencing solid-state
      stability.

PMID- 19967782
TI  - Water-solvent partition coefficients and Delta Log P values as predictors for
      blood-brain distribution; application of the Akaike information criterion.
AB  - It is shown that log P values for water-alkane or water-cyclohexane partitions,
      and the corresponding Delta log P values when used as descriptors for blood-brain
      distribution, as log BB, yield equations with very poor correlation coefficients
      but very good standard deviations, S from 0.25 to 0.33 log units. Using quite
      large data sets, we have verified that similar S-values apply to predictions of
      log BB. A suggested model, based on log P for water-dodecane and water-hexadecane
      partition coefficients, has 109 data points and a fitted S = 0.254 log units. It
      is essential to include in the model an indicator variable for volatile
      compounds, and an indicator variable for drugs that contain the carboxylic group.
      A similar equation based on water-chloroform partition coefficients has 83 data
      points and a fitted S = 0.287 log units. We can find no causal connection between
      these log P values and log BB in terms of correlation or in terms of chemical
      similarity, but conclude that the log P descriptor will yield excellent
      predictions of log BB provided that predictions are within the chemical space of
      the compounds used to set up the model. We also show that model based on log
      P(octanol) and an Abraham descriptor provides a simple and easy method of
      predicting log BB with an error of no more than 0.31 log units. We have used the
      Akaike information criterion to investigate the most economic models for log BB.

PMID- 19967783
TI  - Application of Monte Carlo simulation-based photon migration for enhanced
      understanding of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance. Part I: Depth of
      penetration in pharmaceutical materials.
AB  - This is the first of a series of articles applying Monte Carlo simulation-based
      photon migration to enhance understanding of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse
      reflectance in pharmaceutical analysis. This article aims to enhance mechanistic
      understanding on the interaction between NIR light and pharmaceutical materials,
      specifically focusing on the physical effects on NIR absorbance and depth of
      penetration profiles. Variations of particle size of lactose powder and density
      of a model tablet were used here as examples to represent the physical effects.
      An NIR chemical imaging system was used to measure the light-interrogated area
      and the depth of penetration. Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of
      powder and tablet samples, determined by spatially resolved spectroscopy, were
      combined with Monte Carlo simulation-based photon migration to illustrate the
      mechanism of NIR light interaction with pharmaceutical materials. The empirically
      measured data and simulated results were consistent with one another and
      demonstrated a relationship between the physical effects of pharmaceutical
      samples and NIR absorbance/depth of penetration. The absorption coefficients and
      reduced scattering coefficients were discovered to be the dominant factors in the
      NIR absorbance profile and depth of penetration characteristics, respectively.
      The enhanced understanding of the roles of absorption and scattering in NIR
      diffuse reflectance is expected to provide useful insights for efficient
      multivariate calibration, unique spectroscopic pretreatments, and depth-resolved
      NIR chemical imaging.

PMID- 19967784
TI  - Developments in factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of thromboembolic
      disorders.
AB  - Thromboembolic diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the
      developed world. Anticoagulants provide effective treatment for venous or
      arterial thromboembolism. Two coagulation factors, factor Xa (fXa) and thrombin,
      are the primary targets under active investigation for anticoagulant therapy.
      fXa, in contrast to the multifunctional roles of thrombin in the coagulation
      cascade, converts prothrombin to thrombin collectively at the junction of the
      intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The effectiveness of fXa
      inhibitors as antithrombotic agents and their potentially reduced bleeding risks
      may offer superior therapeutic profiles with respect to thrombin inhibitors.
      After decades of research, many fXa inhibitors are now in the advanced stages of
      clinical trials. Unlike most reviews, which only provide incremental updates,
      this review provides an overview of fXa and the medicinal chemistry of its
      inhibitors. Overviews on coagulation models, antithrombotic therapy, and fXa will
      be provided, followed by the evolution of the medicinal chemistry of fXa
      inhibitors over the past few decades.

PMID- 19967786
TI  - Crystal structure of PRY-SPRY domain of human TRIM72.

PMID- 19967787
TI  - PRIMO/PRIMONA: a coarse-grained model for proteins and nucleic acids that
      preserves near-atomistic accuracy.
AB  - The new coarse graining model PRIMO/PRIMONA for proteins and nucleic acids is
      proposed. This model combines one to several heavy atoms into coarse-grained
      sites that are chosen to allow an analytical, high-resolution reconstruction of
      all-atom models based on molecular bonding geometry constraints. The accuracy of
      proposed reconstruction method in terms of structure and energetics is tested and
      compared with other popular reconstruction methods for a variety of protein and
      nucleic acid test sets.

PMID- 19967788
TI  - Mesenchymal stromal cells: current understanding and clinical status.
AB  - Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a rare heterogeneous
      subset of pluripotent stromal cells that can be isolated from many different
      adult tissues that exhibit the potential to give rise to cells of diverse
      lineages. Numerous studies have reported beneficial effects of MSCs in tissue
      repair and regeneration. After culture expansion and in vivo administration, MSCs
      home to and engraft to injured tissues and modulate the inflammatory response
      through synergistic downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation
      of both prosurvival and antiinflammatory factors. In addition, MSCs possess
      remarkable immunosuppressive properties, suppressing T-cell, NK cell functions,
      and also modulating dentritic cell activities. Tremendous progress has been made
      in preclinical studies using MSCs, including the ability to use allogeneic cells,
      which has driven the application of MSCs toward the clinical setting. This review
      highlights our current understanding into the biology of MSCs with particular
      emphasis on the cardiovascular and renal applications, and provides a brief
      update on the clinical status of MSC-based therapy.

PMID- 19967789
TI  - Cyclin C regulates human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell quiescence.
AB  - Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can remain quiescent or they can enter the cell
      cycle, and either self-renew or differentiate. Although cyclin C and cyclin
      dependent kinase (cdk3) are essential for the transition from the G(0) to the
      G(1) phase of the cell cycle in human fibroblasts, the role of cyclin C in
      hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is not clear. We have identified an
      important role of cyclin C (CCNC) in regulating human HSPC quiescence, as
      knocking down CCNC expression in human cord blood CD34(+) cells resulted in a
      significant increase in quiescent cells that maintain CD34 expression. CCNC
      knockdown also promotes in vitro HSPC expansion and enhances their engraftment
      potential in sublethally irradiated immunodeficient mice. Our studies establish
      cyclin C as a critical regulator of the G(0)/G(1) transition of human HSPCs and
      suggest that modulating cyclin C levels may be useful for HSC expansion and more
      efficient engraftment.

PMID- 19967790
TI  - FDA notifications.  FDA published 2 new rules regarding INDs.

PMID- 19967791
TI  - Radiation exposure from medical imaging procedures.

PMID- 19967792
TI  - Radiation exposure from medical imaging procedures.

PMID- 19967793
TI  - The energy cost of protein turnover is arbitrarily distributed between
      maintenance requirements and protein retention efficiency--comments by Hall.

PMID- 19967794
TI  - The energy cost of protein turnover is arbitrarily distributed between 
      maintenance requirements and protein retention efficiency--response by Roux.

PMID- 19967795
TI  - Case 27-2009: A woman with fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 19967796
TI  - Escaping the pincer.

PMID- 19967797
TI  - Medicinal chemistry: Exploring the third dimension.

PMID- 19967798
TI  - Seven-transmembrane receptors: One way only.

PMID- 19967799
TI  - Cancer: A Ras and NF-kappaB pas de deux.

PMID- 19967800
TI  - Chemoinformatics: Where 'magic bullets' go astray.

PMID- 19967801
TI  - Biologics: The quest for a universal antidote.

PMID- 19967802
TI  - Row sparked over drug adviser sacking.

PMID- 19967803
TI  - Alan Baddeley.

PMID- 19967804
TI  - Evidence does not support the use of a neutropenic diet.

PMID- 19967805
TI  - Effect of antiretroviral resistance on response in treatment-experienced
      patients.
AB  - Knowing the reasons for treatment failure helps determine an overall approach
      that may prevent exhausting other therapeutic options. Treatment failure due to
      virologic failure can be defined as an incomplete virologic response or repeated
      detection of virus after successful viral suppression. The degree of previous
      antiretroviral exposure significantly affects the selection of subsequent
      antiretrovirals. Resistance testing helps maximize antiretroviral use by guiding
      the selection of active agents for inclusion in regimens for treatment
      experienced patients. The increasing complexity of managing antiretroviral
      exposed patients requires that clinicians develop a basic understanding of
      antiretroviral resistance and an ability to interpret resistance test results.
      Conducting resistance tests while the patient is on the failing regimen will help
      identify inactive antiretrovirals for discontinuation and active antiretrovirals
      for inclusion. Contributing factors that may affect treatment outcome in
      antiretroviral-experienced patients include baseline HIV RNA level; degree of
      immune function; use of pharmacokinetically boosted protease inhibitors; use of a
      new class of antiretroviral agents, such as fusion inhibitors; and overall
      antiretroviral history. Certain viral mutation patterns may also influence viral
      fitness and/or replication capacity and therefore response to treatment. In
      general, associations of multiple factors with treatment outcomes suggest the
      need for individualized care of antiretroviral-experienced patients. Patients
      with extensive antiretroviral exposure and high-level resistance to most
      antiretrovirals from all classes present a considerable challenge. Maximal viral
      suppression to maintain an immune benefit may be a more practical treatment goal
      than undetectable HIV RNA for these patients. For patients with detectable virus
      who continue to gain some degree of benefit from their antiretroviral regimen, it
      may be best to continue the failing regimen until other active treatment options
      are available.

PMID- 19967806
TI  - ConFLUsion, you say?

PMID- 19967807
TI  - Toot, toot, long gone.

PMID- 19967808
TI  - Issue of hair shaving in Sikh patients undergoing a neurosurgical procedure.

PMID- 19967809
TI  - Aligning docs? Watch out.

PMID- 19967810
TI  - Get patients involved.

PMID- 19967811
TI  - Joint Commission raises the bar on patient safety. New center will identify
      weaknesses and develop targeted solutions.

PMID- 19967812
TI  - Hospital to test if EMR, other innovations boost care for Medicaid kids. Cook
      Children's opens a new clinic to 'learn what works and what doesn't'.

PMID- 19967813
TI  - [About the seemingly ununderstandable].

PMID- 19967814
TI  - [The evolution of ideas about nonalcohol fatty liver disease].
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine histological, clinical features and
      prognosis at patients with fatty gepatose and nonalcohol steatogepatite (NASG).
      The material of this study was analysis of clinical and laboratory manifestations
      in 74 patients with fatty gepatose of nonalcohol etiology that we have observed
      in 60-70th years of the twentieth century. All patients were performed liver
      puncture biopsy, 7 patients puncture performed twice, two--three times and two-
      four times. Thus we studded 91 punctate. Patients with fatty dystrophy I - II -
      III degree and I - II degree of fibrosis were included in the group of fat
      gepatose without inflammatory reaction (1st group, 54 patients), patients with
      fat-dystrophia II - III degree and III degree of fibrosis--in a group of fat
      gepatose with inflammatory reaction (Group 2, 20 patients). Patients classified
      earlier in a group of fat gepatose with inflammatory reaction, according to
      modern classification positions on histological characteristics of nonalcoholic
      steatogepatite. RESULTS: Functional disorders of liver are often not captured in
      conventional biochemical tests. It characterized by urobilinogenuriya, delayed
      retention of bromsulfalein, gipertriglitseridemiya. ALAT activity slightly
      increased in patients with fatty gepatose and exceeded norm in 1,5-2,5 times.
      While at NASG activity of this enzyme was more than half the enhanced AsAT, and
      gamma-GTP. Nonalcoholic steatogepatite did not have specific clinical and
      biochemical features. Assessment of inflammation and fibrosis degree using
      ultrasound liver is difficult and non-reliable. Therefore, NASG diagnosis based
      on represented data of liver puncture biopsy. In a lengthy check-up we have 42
      patients with fat gepatose and NASG--stabilization process was defined in 34
      people. Development of cirrhosis found in 5 patients. After repeat biopsy in
      these patients on a background of fat liver dystrophy encountered a picture of
      developing micronodular cirrhosis. In 3 of them had repeated liver puncture
      through 1.5 years. One patient puncture performed three times at intervals of 4.5
      years, initial signs of cirrhosis found only in the last biopsy. Another patient
      moved 4 puncture for 6 years hemochromatosis as an iron overload syndrome, and
      initial signs of cirrhosis identified through 3 years, in next 3 years
      progression of morphological features of cirrhosis weren't found. CONCLUSION:
      Nonalcoholic steatogepatite is an independent disease, which should be remembered
      in differential diagnosis in patients with sustained ALAT and ASAT improvement in
      serum especially in presence of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia. The diagnosis
      was confirmed with biopsy of liver. Despite of oligosymptomatic course of the
      disease with long-term observation of more than one third of patients with
      evidence of progression of the process; cirrhosis development noted sixth of the
      patients, and more. Universally accepted treatment of NASG doesn't exists,
      although exclusion of provoking factors, therapy antioxidant drugs and
      ursodezoksiholevoy acid can have favorable effect. The study in 45 patients with
      NASG was adjusted an effective use of berlitione in the treatment of patients
      with nonalcoholic steatogepatite. At comparing different schemes of appointment
      preparations optimal effect were obtained in patients with berlitione dose 600
      and 900 mg for two months.

PMID- 19967815
TI  - [Significance of functional state of the parathyroid glands in ulcerogenesis].
AB  - Recurrence of ulcer disease is accompanied by changes in the system of calcium
      regulation. There is considerable rise of parathyrin of blood in acute phase of
      ulcer disease, but under the cicatrisation of ulcer parathyrin is normal.
      Mechanical injury of celiac plexus of rabbits is found to cause multiple gastric
      erosions and ulcers. Similar changers (and even more expressed) is revealed after
      introduction of parathormone to rabbits.

PMID- 19967816
TI  - [Correlation of morphologic and humoral indicators in Helicobacter infections].
AB  - 50 patients without gastroduodenal and somatic pathology and considering healthy
      are surveyed. Carrying out of the correlation analysis of results of
      morphological research of biopsies of stomach and duodenum mucous and laboratory
      parameters of peripheral blood has revealed that progressing of infection H.
      pylori leads to strengthening immunoinflammatory to reaction in system blood
      groove.

PMID- 19967817
TI  - [An application of endoscopic argon-plasma coagulation in men with ulcer disease
      complicated with hemorrhages].
AB  - In structure of the complicated forms of a stomach ulcer gastroenteric bleedings
      make 42-47%. Practically all of them are accompanied by development sharp an
      anemias. At an out-patient stage at patients with a stomach ulcer complicated
      gastrointestinal bleeding, the doctor is engaged in correction. However, the
      question of indemnification anemias remains more often without attention though,
      from modern positions of specialized treatment of a stomach ulcer, also demands
      the specialized approach for optimum terms of rehabilitation of patients.

PMID- 19967818
TI  - [The quality of life dynamics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
      during rabeprazol therapy].
AB  - The present article represents findings of quality of life index dynamics for 100
      patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease under pressure of proton pump
      inhibitor therapy. The degree of clinical evidence was measured by Likert scale,
      quality of life appraisal was made on the bases of SF-36, GSRS checklists,
      psychoemotional component of patients' health was analyzed with the help of the
      V.M. Bekhterev Institute personal enquirer. Treatment with Rabeprazole helps
      efficiently jugulate reflux disease symptoms and accurately improve quality of
      life index.

PMID- 19967819
TI  - Radiation exposure from medical imaging procedures.

PMID- 19967820
TI  - Radiation exposure from medical imaging procedures.

PMID- 19967822
TI  - Climate jostlings intensify.

PMID- 19967821
TI  - Uterine fibroid embolization.

PMID- 19967823
TI  - Red list species update fears.

PMID- 19967824
TI  - The persistence of the cattle economy in Zululand, South Africa, 1900-50.

PMID- 19967825
TI  - Foreign bodies: travel, empire and the early Royal Society of London. Part 2: the
      land of experimental knowledge.

PMID- 19967826
TI  - Sex, simians, and spectacle in nineteenth-century France: or, how to tell a "man"
      from a monkey.

PMID- 19967827
TI  - Wonder woman was Argentine and her real name was Evita.

PMID- 19967828
TI  - Military terror and silence in Brazil, 1910-1945.

PMID- 19967830
TI  - [Retraction].

PMID- 19967829
TI  - Engendering a people: Soviet women and socialist rebirth in Russia.

PMID- 19967831
TI  - [Rejoiner to debate].

PMID- 19967832
TI  - [Insufficient return of unused drugs].

PMID- 19967834
TI  - [Reform of specialist education].

PMID- 19967836
TI  - Electric short? Labs press for federal preemption on state data laws.

PMID- 19967838
TI  - Reform may worsen shortage. Med students numbers rise, residency slots stay flat.

PMID- 19967837
TI  - Let's make a debt deal. CHI, CHW look to rebounding credit markets.

PMID- 19967839
TI  - Designing in 3-D. BIM software can help avoid costly mistakes.

PMID- 19967840
TI  - By the numbers. Largest healthcare foundations. Foundations awarding U.S.-focused
      grants for health ranked by total amount awarded, 2007.

PMID- 19967841
TI  - Before you sign.

PMID- 19967842
TI  - Hire education.

PMID- 19967843
TI  - Infertility.

PMID- 19967844
TI  - Clinical centers of excellence: Infertility. Brigham and Women's Hospital,
      Boston, Massachusetts.

PMID- 19967845
TI  - Clinical centers of excellence: Infertility. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

PMID- 19967846
TI  - Clinical centers of excellence: Infertility. Colorado Center for Reproductive
      Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado.

PMID- 19967847
TI  - Clinical centers of excellence: Infertility. Yale Fertility Center New Haven,
      Connecticut.

PMID- 19967848
TI  - Free care now could mean big savings later.

PMID- 19967849
TI  - Working for the weakend.

PMID- 19967850
TI  - Hospital medicine: is it for you?

PMID- 19967851
TI  - Repayment of Stark violations can be tricky.

PMID- 19967852
TI  - Coding for the H1N1 virus vaccination.

PMID- 19967853
TI  - Separating ontogenetic and environmental determination of resistance to herbivory
      in cottonwood.
AB  - We used narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, and the gall-forming aphid,
      Pemphigus betae, to determine the extent to which ontogenetic variation in
      resistance to herbivory is due to endogenous, stable genetic influences. In a
      three-year common garden trial using ramets propagated from the top, middle, and
      bottom of mature trees, we found that the resistance of trees to aphids was
      significantly higher in top vs. bottom source ramets, supporting the hypothesis
      of a stable, genetically programmed component to aphid resistance. The magnitude
      of ontogenetically based variation in resistance within an individual tree is
      comparable to the genetic variation in resistance among narrowleaf cottonwood
      genotypes or populations found in other studies. These ontogenetic-based findings
      have the potential to alter ecological interactions and evolutionary trajectories
      of plant-herbivore interactions.

PMID- 19967854
TI  - Spatial synchrony propagates through a forest food web via consumer-resource
      interactions.
AB  - In many study systems, populations fluctuate synchronously across large regions.
      Several mechanisms have been advanced to explain this, but their importance in
      nature is often uncertain. Theoretical studies suggest that spatial synchrony
      initiated in one species through Moran effects may propagate among trophically
      linked species, but evidence for this in nature is lacking. By applying the
      nonparametric spatial correlation function to time series data, we discover that
      densities of the gypsy moth, the moth's chief predator (the white-footed mouse),
      and the mouse's winter food source (red oak acorns) fluctuate synchronously over
      similar distances (approximately1000 km) and with similar levels of synchrony. In
      addition, we investigate the importance of consumer-resource interactions in
      propagating synchrony among species using an empirically informed simulation
      model of interactions between acorns, the white-footed mouse, the gypsy moth, and
      a viral pathogen of the gypsy moth. Our results reveal that regional
      stochasticity acting directly on populations of the mouse, moth, or pathogen
      likely has little effect on levels of the synchrony displayed by these species.
      In contrast, synchrony in mast seeding can propagate across trophic levels, thus
      explaining observed levels of synchrony in both white-footed mouse and gypsy moth
      populations. This work suggests that the transfer of synchrony among trophically
      linked species may be a major factor causing interspecific synchrony.

PMID- 19967855
TI  - Spatial variation in soil-borne disease dynamics of a temperate tree, Prunus
      serotina.
AB  - Soil-borne pathogens are posited to maintain forest diversity. However, their in
      situ impact and spatial variation are largely unknown. We examined spatial
      patterns of pathogenic activity in a deciduous forest using a common garden
      experiment and also in a natural experiment around replicated trees, and we
      quantified Pythium (a soil-borne pathogen) density around individual Prunus
      serotina trees. In both experiments, P. serotina seedling survival was 52-57%
      greater in plots treated with a metalaxyl-based fungicide specific to oomycetes
      (i.e., Pythium) than in untreated plots. Disease dynamics were not density
      dependent, but pathogenic activity and Pythium density were spatially variable.
      In the common garden and natural experiments, pathogenic activity of soil
      inoculum varied among trees, while in the natural experiment disease dynamics
      were also distance dependent and pathogenic activity decreased away from P.
      serotina trees. Disease and Pythium density were not always related but displayed
      considerable spatial variation. We found that Pythium density did not vary with
      distance away from P. serotina trees but did vary among trees. Understanding the
      spatial complexity of soil-borne pathogens is critical to accurately
      characterizing their effects on populations and ultimately on forest diversity.

PMID- 19967856
TI  - Chemical niche differentiation among sympatric species of orchid bees.
AB  - Male Neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini) collect volatile substances
      (fragrances) from flowers and other sources (e.g., decaying wood) and store them
      in specialized hind tibial pockets. The accumulated chemicals are later emitted
      during courtship display, presumably to lure conspecific females for mating. We
      analyzed tibial fragrances of males of 15 sympatric Panamanian species in the
      genus Euglossa to test whether communities of euglossine bees are chemically
      structured, and to elucidate whether male fragrance signals evolve to convey
      premating isolation. Our analysis revealed substantial chemical disparity among
      all lineages. Disparity was mediated by compounds that were exclusive to certain
      species but also by differences in relative quantity of shared compounds. We
      mapped tibial fragrance compounds present in each species on a DNA-based
      phylogeny (reconstructed using partial sequences of COI, EF1-alpha, ArgK, and Pol
      II) and found that most dominant compounds were highly homoplasious. In an
      analysis of chemical differentiation in relation to phylogenetic divergence
      through time, disparity was greater than expected from a null model at any point
      during evolutionary history, suggesting that diversifying selection has shaped
      fragrance phenotypes. Notably, chemical disparity was greater within recently
      diverged lineages than among them, suggesting that chemical preferences in orchid
      bees evolved rapidly in the early stages of species divergence. We postulate
      communication interference as the possible mechanism behind the observed
      fragrance differentiation, which may be the product of reproductive character
      (fragrance) displacement. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that
      male fragrance signals evolve to convey premating isolation.

PMID- 19967857
TI  - Assessing ecological specialization of an ant-seed dispersal mutualism through a
      wide geographic range.
AB  - Specialization in species interactions is of central importance for understanding
      the ecological structure and evolution of plant-animal mutualisms. Most plant
      animal mutualisms are facultative and strongly asymmetric. In particular,
      myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) has been regarded as a very generalized
      interaction. Although some recent studies have suggested that only a few ant
      species are really important for dispersal, no rigorous measurement of the
      specialization in ant-seed dispersal mutualisms has been performed. Here, we use
      individual plants as basic units for replication to investigate the
      generalization-specialization of the herb Helleborus foetidus on its ant
      dispersers over a considerable part of its geographical range. We define
      generalization in terms of diversity components (species richness and evenness)
      of the ant visitor that realizes dispersal by removing diaspores. We obtain truly
      comparable values of ant visitor diversity, distinguishing among different
      functional groups of visitors and identifying incidental visitors and real ant
      dispersers. Using null model approaches, we test the null hypothesis that ant
      mediated dispersal is a generalized mutualism. At least two premises should be
      confirmed to validate the hypothesis: (1) diaspores are dispersed by multiple ant
      visitor species, and (2) diaspore dispersal is significantly equitable. Though up
      to 37 ant species visited diaspores across 10 populations, only two large
      formicines, Camponotus cruentatus and Formica lugubris, were responsible for the
      vast majority of visits resulting in dispersal in most populations and years,
      which strongly suggests that ant seed dispersal in H. foetidus is ecologically
      specialized. Interestingly, specialization degree was unrelated to dispersal
      success across populations. Our study offers new insights into the spatiotemporal
      dynamics of myrmecochory. We propose the existence of an alternative scenario to
      extensive generalization. In this new scenario, generalization is replaced by
      ecological specialization, which is determined by the intrinsic traits of the
      plant species rather than by the ecological context in which the interaction
      takes place.

PMID- 19967858
TI  - Seed size, more than nutrient or tannin content, affects seed caching behavior of
      a common genus of Old World rodents.
AB  - Scatter-hoarding rodents play an important dispersal role for many large-seeded
      plants. Seed traits affect their foraging behavior; however, it is difficult to
      isolate their effects because of the covariance among traits. Here, we used
      artificial seeds to partition the effects of seed size, tannin content, and
      nutrient content on scatter-hoarding rodents in a natural pine forest in
      Northwest Yunnan, China. Apodemus, a common genus of Old World rodents,
      consistently consumed small seeds in situ but removed medium-sized seeds (1.2-2.5
      cm in diameter) and transported bigger seeds farther. Seed nutrient and tannin
      contents also significantly influenced rodents' behavior, but response varied
      substantially between years. Rodent behavior did involve some aspects of
      multivariate optimization. Our results strongly indicate that seed size is a
      decisive factor for scatter-hoarding rodents in the choice between seed predation
      and dispersal, while nutrient and tannin content played a less consistent role,
      possibly responding to confounding factors in the community. This result also has
      important implications for seed production by trees, which can improve the
      probability of long-distance dispersal of high-quality offspring by simply making
      them larger. The ability to tease apart the relative influence of different seed
      traits on the behavior of predators provides powerful insight into this important
      coevolutionary dynamic.

PMID- 19967859
TI  - Species-area relationships explained by the joint effects of dispersal limitation
      and habitat heterogeneity.
AB  - Species-area relationships (SARs) characterize the spatial distribution of
      species diversity in community ecology, but the biological mechanisms underlying
      the SARs have not been fully explored. Here, we examined the roles of dispersal
      limitation and habitat heterogeneity in shaping SARs in two large-scale forest
      plots. One is a 24-ha subtropical forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve,
      China. The other is a 50-ha tropical rain forest in Barro Colorado Island,
      Panama. Spatial point pattern models were applied to investigate the
      contributions of dispersal and habitat heterogeneity and their interactions to
      the formation of the SARs in the two sites. The results showed that, although
      dispersal and habitat heterogeneity each could significantly contribute to the
      SARs, each alone was insufficient to explain the SARs. Their joint effects
      sufficiently explained the real SARs, suggesting that heterogeneous habitat and
      dispersal limitation are two predominant mechanisms for maintaining the spatial
      distributions of the species in these two forests. These results add to our
      understanding of the ecological processes underlying the spatial variation of
      SARs in natural forest communities.

PMID- 19967860
TI  - Trait-dependent modification of facilitation on cobble beaches.
AB  - Fundamental gaps remain in our knowledge of how positive species interactions,
      such as facilitation and mutualism, structure and maintain populations and
      communities. Foundation species create extensive biogenic habitats, but we know
      little of how their traits, such as density, age, and patch size, modify their
      ability to facilitate other species. We tested the role of facilitator traits in
      cobble beach plant communities in New England, USA. In this system, intertidal
      beds of the cordgrass Spartina alterniflora facilitate populations of halophytic
      forbs at higher shore elevations by buffering wave action, stabilizing cobbles,
      and limiting physical disturbance. Using descriptive and experimental techniques,
      we tested the hypotheses that (1) the density and height of cordgrass shoots
      modify the strength of the cordgrass-forb facilitation, and (2) cordgrass peat
      alone contributes to the facilitation of forbs. Increased shoot density, as well
      as the combination of cordgrass peat and shoots, positively affected two life
      history stages (seedling and adult) of the abundant forb Suaeda linearis,
      demonstrating that cordgrass traits modify the strength of facilitation in this
      system. Since the expression of traits varies within and among patches of any
      given foundation species, traits can and should be used to predict the strength
      of facilitation, to guide the development of conservation strategies, and to
      develop more accurate models of species interactions.

PMID- 19967861
TI  - Ecological correlates of fitness across the northern geographic range limit of a
      Pacific Coast dune plant.
AB  - A species is expected to occur where the prevailing biotic and abiotic conditions
      fall within its fundamental niche. Geographic range limits should, therefore,
      occur when the survival and fitness of individuals along ecological gradients is
      reduced to the point at which populations are no longer self-sustaining. Abrupt
      limits to a species' distribution are expected to reflect abrupt changes in the
      ecological conditions that cause sharp declines in fitness across the limit. We
      investigated the correlation between geographic variation in environment and
      fitness across the abrupt northern range limit of a coastal dune plant,
      Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia (Onagraceae). In each of 64 plots distributed
      across five sites along a 200-km transect spanning the species' northern range
      limit (four within the range plus one beyond the limit), we measured plant
      community composition as a proxy for variation in biotic and abiotic
      environmental factors and lifetime fitness of genetically standardized
      experimental populations of C. cheiranthifolia. There was substantial variation
      in plant community composition among plots and sites across the range limit, and
      fitness of experimental plants covaried strongly with the first principal
      component of plant community composition. However, we did not detect an abrupt
      shift in plant community or the expected decline in fitness across the range
      limit. In fact, fitness and recruitment increased toward the limit and were
      relatively high beyond the limit. This suggests that habitat beyond the range did
      not occur outside of the species' fundamental niche. These results challenge
      niche-based explanations for range limits and suggest that hypotheses involving
      the finer-scale distribution of habitat patches or constraints on dispersal
      warrant more serious consideration.

PMID- 19967862
TI  - Nutrient availability and phytoplankton nutrient limitation across a gradient of
      atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
AB  - Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to lakes and watersheds has been increasing
      steadily due to various anthropogenic activities. Because such anthropogenic N is
      widely distributed, even lakes relatively removed from direct human disturbance
      are potentially impacted. However, the effects of increased atmospheric N
      deposition on lakes are not well documented. We examined phytoplankton biomass,
      the absolute and relative abundance of limiting nutrients (N and phosphorus [P]),
      and phytoplankton nutrient limitation in alpine lakes of the Rocky Mountains of
      Colorado (USA) receiving elevated (> 6 kg N x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) or low (< 2 kg N x
      ha(-1) x yr(-1)) levels of atmospheric N deposition. High-deposition lakes had
      higher NO3-N and total N concentrations and higher total N : total P ratios.
      Concentrations of chlorophyll and seston carbon (C) were 2-2.5 times higher in
      high-deposition relative to low-deposition lakes, while high-deposition lakes
      also had higher seston C:N and C:P (but not N:P) ratios. Short-term enrichment
      bioassays indicated a qualitative shift in the nature of phytoplankton nutrient
      limitation due to N deposition, as high-deposition lakes had an increased
      frequency of primary P limitation and a decreased frequency and magnitude of
      response to N and to combined N and P enrichment. Thus elevated atmospheric N
      deposition appears to have shifted nutrient supply from a relatively balanced but
      predominantly N-deficient regime to a more consistently P-limited regime in
      Colorado alpine lakes. This adds to accumulating evidence that sustained N
      deposition may have important effects on lake phytoplankton communities and
      plankton-based food webs by shifting the quantitative and qualitative nature of
      nutrient limitation.

PMID- 19967863
TI  - Landscape-level variation in forest structure and biogeochemistry across a
      substrate age gradient in Hawaii.
AB  - We compared forest canopy heights and nitrogen concentrations in long-term
      research sites and in 2 x 2 km landscapes surrounding these sites along a
      substrate age gradient in the Hawaiian Islands. Both remote airborne and ground
      based measurements were used to characterize processes that control landscape
      level variation in canopy properties. We integrated a waveform light detection
      and ranging (LiDAR) system, a high-resolution imaging spectrometer, and a global
      positioning system/inertial measurement unit to provide highly resolved images of
      ground topography, canopy heights, and canopy nitrogen concentrations (1) within
      a circle 50 m in radius focused on a long-term study site in the center of each
      landscape; (2) for the entire 2 x 2 km landscape regardless of land cover; and
      (3) after stratification, for our target cover class, native-dominated vegetation
      on constructional geomorphic surfaces throughout each landscape. Remote
      measurements at all scales yielded the same overall patterns as did ground-based
      measurements in the long-term sites. The two younger landscapes supported taller
      trees than did older landscapes, while the two intermediate-aged landscapes had
      higher canopy nitrogen (N) concentrations than did either young or old
      landscapes. However, aircraft-based analyses detected substantial variability in
      canopy characteristics on the landscape level, even within the target cover
      class. Canopy heights were more heterogeneous on the older landscapes, with
      coefficients of variation increasing from 23-41% to 69-78% with increasing
      substrate age. This increasing heterogeneity was associated with a larger patch
      size of canopy turnover and with dominance of most secondary successional stands
      by the mat-forming fern Dicranopteris linearis in the older landscapes.

PMID- 19967864
TI  - Estimating dispersal from genetic isolation by distance in a coral reef fish
      (Hypoplectrus puella).
AB  - The spatial scale of dispersal in coral reef fishes eludes ecologists despite the
      importance of this parameter for understanding the dynamics of ecological and
      evolutionary processes. Genetic isolation by distance (IBD) has been used to
      estimate dispersal in coral reef fishes, but its application in marine systems
      has been limited by insufficient sampling at different spatial scales and a lack
      of information regarding population density. Here, we present an analysis of IBD
      in the barred hamlet (Hypoplectrus puella, Serranidae) at spatial scales ranging
      from 10 to 3200 km complemented with SCUBA surveys of population densities
      covering 94000 m2 of reef. We used 10 hypervariable DNA markers to genotype 854
      fish from 15 locations, and our results establish that IBD in H. puella emerges
      at a spatial scale of 175 km and is preserved up to the regional scale (3200 km).
      Assuming a normal or a Laplace dispersal function, our data are consistent with
      mean dispersal distances in H. puella that range between 2 and 14 km. Such small
      mean dispersal distances is a surprising result given the three-week pelagic
      larval duration of H. puella and the low level of genetic structure at the
      Caribbean scale (Wright's fixation index, F(ST), estimate = 0.005). Our data
      reinforce the importance of considering population density when estimating
      dispersal from IBD and underscore the relevance of sampling at local scales, even
      when genetic structure is weak at the regional scale.

PMID- 19967866
TI  - Genetic differences among populations of a marine snail drive geographic
      variation in predation.
AB  - The extent to which community processes can be generalized from local field
      studies to larger spatial scales remains a contentious issue. The search for
      broad generality can be hampered when species interactions vary geographically, a
      common phenomenon attributed to a wide range of underlying ecological factors.
      Less attention has been directed toward understanding the additional role that
      evolutionary processes may play in modifying the way that pairs of species
      interact over large spatial scales. Here we examine whether marked geographic
      variation in the interaction between a predatory snail (Nucella canaliculata) and
      an intertidal mussel (Mytilus californianus) arises from phenotypic plasticity or
      fixed genetic differences among snail populations. Over a three-year period, we
      reared snails from eight populations in California and Oregon, USA, through two
      laboratory generations and tested whether family lines differed in their ability
      to drill M. californianus. Remarkably, F2 generation snails from Oregon sources
      were generally unable to drill mid-sized Mytilus californianus (5-7 cm long),
      whereas snails from California readily drilled this prey. Because snails were
      raised through two generations on a common diet (Mytilus trossulus), these
      differences among populations likely have a genetic basis. Snails from California
      and Oregon readily interbred and produced viable offspring in the laboratory,
      suggesting that populations belong to a single biological species. Field surveys
      of mussel beds revealed striking geographic variation in predation that closely
      matched the observed differences in the drilling capacity of N. canaliculata.
      Drilled M. californianus were common at all sites in California and included many
      large mussels (> 10 cm long). In contrast, drilled M. californianus were rare on
      the central Oregon coast and consisted mostly of small mussels (< 3 cm). We
      hypothesize that persistent variation in prey recruitment along the coast has
      selected for interpopulation differences in the drilling capacity of this direct
      developing snail, with potential consequences for the size structure of mussel
      beds. Combined with growing evidence of restricted gene flow and low connectivity
      among many marine populations, this study highlights the importance of
      considering the contribution of evolutionary processes to geographic variation in
      species interactions.

PMID- 19967865
TI  - Periodically forced food-chain dynamics: model predictions and experimental
      validation.
AB  - Despite the recognition of the importance of seasonal forcing in nature,
      remarkably few studies have theoretically explored periodically forced community
      dynamics. Here we employ a novel approach called "successional state dynamics"
      (SSD) to model a seasonally forced predator-prey system. We first generated
      analytical predictions of the effects of altered seasonality on species
      persistence and the timing of community state transitions. We then parameterized
      the model using a zooplankton-phytoplankton system and tested quantitative
      predictions using controlled experiments. In the majority of cases, timing of
      zooplankton and algal population peaks matched model predictions. Decreases in
      growing-period length delayed algal blooms, consequently delaying peaks in
      zooplankton abundance. Predictions of increased probability of predator
      extinction at low growing-period lengths were also upheld experimentally. Our
      results highlight the utility of the SSD modeling approach as a framework for
      predicting the effects of altered seasonality on the structure and dynamics of
      multitrophic communities.

PMID- 19967867
TI  - Relative effects of maternal and juvenile food availability for a marine snail.
AB  - The relative importance of maternal vs. juvenile food environment on juvenile
      performance is poorly understood, particularly for marine organisms. Here, we use
      a manipulative experiment to compare the influence of maternal and juvenile
      nutrition on early juvenile performance for a marine gastropod (Cominella
      virgata) with completely benthic development. Adult whelks adjusted growth and
      capsule volume to food availability, but there was no effect on the initial size
      or number of their hatchlings, which varied greatly within and among females.
      Although hatchling survivorship was also unaffected by maternal nutrition,
      juveniles fed lower food showed decreased survivorship. By contrast, growth of C.
      virgata hatchlings in the month after hatching was higher for hatchlings from
      high-food mothers, suggesting important carry-over effects of maternal nutrition
      on early juveniles, mediated by a trait other than offspring size. This maternal
      effect faded in the second month after hatching, as the hatchling environment
      became more important.

PMID- 19967869
TI  - Testing species abundance models: a new bootstrap approach applied to Indo
      Pacific coral reefs.
AB  - Patterns in the commonness and rarity of species are a fundamental characteristic
      of ecological assemblages; however, testing between alternative models for such
      patterns remains an important challenge. Conventional approaches to fitting or
      testing species abundance models often assume that species, not individuals, are
      the units that are sampled and that species' abundances are independent of one
      another. Here we test three different models (the Poisson lognormal, the negative
      binomial, and the neutral, "zero-sum multinomial" [ZSM]) against species
      abundance distributions of Indo-Pacific corals and reef fishes. We derive and
      apply several alternative bootstrap analyses of model fit, each of which makes
      different assumptions about how species abundance data are sampled, and we assess
      the extent to which tests of model fit are sensitive to such assumptions. For all
      models, goodness of fit is remarkably consistent, regardless of whether one
      assumes that species or individuals are the units that are sampled or whether or
      not one assumes that species' abundances are statistically independent of one
      another. However, goodness-of-fit estimates are approximately twice as precise
      and detect lack of model fit more frequently, when based on sampling of
      individuals, rather than species. Bootstrap analyses indicate that the Poisson
      lognormal distribution exhibits substantially better fit to species abundance
      patterns, consistent with model selection analyses. In particular, heterogeneity
      in species abundances (many rare and few highly abundant species) is too great to
      be captured by the ZSM model or the negative binomial model and is best explained
      by models that predict species abundance patterns that are much closer, but not
      identical, to the lognormal distribution. More broadly, our bootstrap analyses
      suggest that estimates of model fit are likely to be robust to assumptions about
      the statistical interdependence of species abundances, but that tests of model
      fit are more powerful when they assume sampling of individuals, rather than
      species. Such individual-based tests therefore may be able to identify lack of
      model fit where previous tests have been inconclusive.

PMID- 19967868
TI  - Direct and indirect effects of giant kelp determine benthic community structure
      and dynamics.
AB  - Indirect facilitation can occur when a species positively affects another via the
      suppression of a shared competitor. In giant kelp forests, shade from the canopy
      of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, negatively affects understory algae,
      which compete with sessile invertebrates for space. This raises the possibility
      that giant kelp indirectly facilitates sessile invertebrates, via suppression of
      understory algae. We evaluated the effect of giant kelp on the relative abundance
      of algae and invertebrates by experimentally manipulating kelp abundance on large
      artificial reefs located off San Clemente, California, USA. The experiments
      revealed a negative effect of giant kelp on both light availability and
      understory algal abundance and a positive effect on the abundance of sessile
      invertebrates, which was consistent with an indirect effect mediated by shade
      from the kelp canopy. The importance of these processes to temporal variability
      in benthic community structure was evaluated at 16 locations on natural reefs off
      Santa Barbara, California, over an eight-year period. Interannual variability in
      the abundance of understory algae and in the abundance of sessile invertebrates
      was significantly and positively related to interannual variability in the
      abundance of giant kelp. Analysis of these observational data using Structural
      Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that the magnitude of the indirect effect of
      giant kelp on invertebrates was six times larger than the direct effect on
      invertebrates. Results suggest that the dynamics of this system are driven by
      variability in the abundance of a single structure-forming species that has
      indirect positive, as well as direct negative, effects on associated species.

PMID- 19967870
TI  - Inducible defenses in prey intensify predator cannibalism.
AB  - Trophic cascades are often a potent force in ecological communities, but abiotic
      and biotic heterogeneity can diffuse their influence. For example, inducible
      defenses in many species create variation in prey edibility, and size-structured
      interactions, such as cannibalism, can shift predator diets away from
      heterospecific prey. Although both factors diffuse cascade strength by adding
      heterogeneity to trophic interactions, the consequences of their interactioh
      remain poorly understood. We show that inducible defenses in tadpole prey greatly
      intensify cannibalism in predatory larval salamanders. The likelihood of
      cannibalism was also strongly influenced by asymmetries in salamander size that
      appear to be most important in the presence of defended prey. Hence, variation in
      prey edibility and the size structure of the predator may synergistically affect
      predator-prey population dynamics by reducing prey mortality and increasing
      predator mortality via cannibalism. We also suggest that the indirect effects of
      prey defenses may shape the evolution of predator traits that determine diet
      breadth and how trophic dynamics unfold in natural systems.

PMID- 19967871
TI  - Wolves modulate soil nutrient heterogeneity and foliar nitrogen by configuring
      the distribution of ungulate carcasses.
AB  - Mechanistic links between top terrestrial predators and biogeochemical processes
      remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that large carnivores configure
      landscape heterogeneity through prey carcass distribution. A 50-year record
      composed of > 3600 moose carcasses from Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USA,
      showed that wolves modulate heterogeneity in soil nutrients, soil microbes, and
      plant quality by clustering prey carcasses over space. Despite being well
      utilized by predators, moose carcasses resulted in elevated soil macronutrients
      and microbial biomass, shifts in soil microbial composition, and elevated leaf
      nitrogen for at least 2-3 years at kill sites. Wolf-killed moose were deposited
      in some regions of the study landscape at up to 12x the rate of deposition in
      other regions. Carcass density also varied temporally, changing as much as 19
      fold in some locations during the 50-year study period. This variation arises, in
      part, directly from variation in wolf hunting behavior. This study identifies a
      top terrestrial predator as a mechanism generating landscape heterogeneity,
      demonstrating reciprocal links between large carnivore behavior and ecosystem
      function.

PMID- 19967872
TI  - Ecological divergence of two sympatric lineages of Buggy Creek virus, an
      arbovirus associated with birds.
AB  - Most arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) show distinct serological subtypes or
      evolutionary lineages, with the evolution of different strains often assumed to
      reflect differences in ecological selection pressures. Buggy Creek virus (BCRV)
      is an unusual RNA virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) that is associated primarily
      with a cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius) as its vector and the Cliff
      Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced House Sparrow (Passer
      domesticus) as its amplifying hosts. There are two sympatric lineages of BCRV
      (lineages A and B) that differ from each other by > 6% at the nucleotide level.
      Analysis of 385 BCRV isolates all collected from bug vectors at a study site in
      southwestern Nebraska, USA, showed that the lineages differed in their peak times
      of seasonal occurrence within a summer. Lineage A was more likely to be found at
      recently established colonies, at those in culverts (rather than on highway
      bridges), and at those with invasive House Sparrows, and in bugs on the outsides
      of nests. Genetic diversity of lineage A increased with bird colony size and at
      sites with House Sparrows, while that of lineage B decreased with colony size and
      was unaffected by House Sparrows. Lineage A was more cytopathic on mammalian
      cells than was lineage B. These two lineages have apparently diverged in their
      transmission dynamics, with lineage A possibly more dependent on birds and
      lineage B perhaps more a bug virus. The long-standing association between Cliff
      Swallows and BCRV may have selected for immunological resistance to the virus by
      swallows and thus promoted the evolution of the more bug-adapted lineage B. In
      contrast, the recent arrival of the introduced House Sparrow and its high
      competence as a BCRV amplifying host may be favoring the more bird-dependent
      lineage A.

PMID- 19967873
TI  - Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: inferences from
      multistate models.
AB  - Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within
      disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and
      variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of
      color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether
      habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability
      of breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) and to estimate bird
      transition probabilities from one territory quality state to another. Our study
      sites were along central Florida's Atlantic coast and included two of the four
      largest metapopulations within the species range. We developed Markov models for
      habitat transitions and compared these to bird transition probabilities. Florida
      Scrub-Jay detection probabilities ranged from 0.88 in the tall territory state to
      0.99 in the optimal state; detection probabilities were intermediate in the short
      state. Transition probabilities were similar for birds and habitat in grid cells
      mapped independently of birds. Thus, bird transitions resulted primarily from
      habitat transitions between states over time and not from bird movement. Survival
      ranged from 0.71 in the short state to 0.82 in the optimal state, with tall
      states being intermediate. We conclude that average Florida Scrub-Jay survival
      will remain at levels that lead to continued population declines because most
      current habitat quality is only marginally suitable across most of the species
      range. Improvements in habitat are likely to be slow and difficult because tall
      states are resistant to change and the optimal state represents an intermediate
      transitional stage. The multistate modeling approach to quantifying survival and
      habitat transition probabilities is useful for quantifying habitat transition
      probabilities and comparing them to bird transition probabilities to test for
      habitat selection in dynamic environments.

PMID- 19967874
TI  - Seasonal sex allocation by Common Grackles? Revisiting a foundational study.
AB  - Despite the general importance of replication in science, relatively few
      behavioral ecology studies are repeated. Here we repeat the seminal 1977 research
      of H. F. Howe, who found that the proportion of male nestlings at hatching in
      nests of Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) increased as the breeding season
      progressed. Howe interpreted this pattern as an adaptive response to changing
      food conditions that favored greater production of daughters (the sex less
      expensive to rear) when food was scarce and sons when food was more abundant.
      Using DNA-based sexing and larger samples, we found no evidence of nonrandom
      seasonal sex allocation and no evidence that sons were more vulnerable to
      starvation than daughters. These patterns also prevailed among renesting efforts
      late in the season, when starvation was extreme. Although there is no way to
      exclude the possibility that grackles employed different sex allocation tactics
      in the two studies, similarities in weather, habitat, nesting phenology, and
      starvation rates make it seem unlikely that ecological differences between our
      study and Howe's explain the disparate results, whereas failure of assumptions
      that Howe was unable to test seems more plausible.

PMID- 19967875
TI  - Short- and long-term consequences of reproductive decisions: an experimental
      study in the puffin.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to inspect the response of the Atlantic
      Puffin (Fratercula arctica) to an experimental manipulation of the investment
      needed to successfully raise an offspring. We achieved this by replacing an old
      offspring with a younger chick, and vice versa, thereby prolonging and shortening
      the chick-rearing period. To examine any costs of reproduction we then followed
      the breeding success, the recruitment of young to the population, and the
      survival of parents for 11 years following the manipulation. Parents in the
      prolonged and shortened category had a lower breeding success than controls
      mainly because parents deserted their chick shortly after swapping. Among those
      that raised their chick, the age and body mass of foster chicks at fledging were
      the same in all three categories even though the parents had raised chicks for
      different lengths of time. The recruitment of young to the breeding population
      was high and independent of treatment. Likewise, the survival of adults was
      independent of treatment. For the 11 years after the experiment, however, the
      resighting rate of those that deserted their chick was clearly lower than among
      those that accepted their foster chick. For parents that raised their foster
      chick, the survival to the following year was positively related to their body
      mass. The results support the hypothesis that puffins have a highly flexible
      parental investment, which they adjust according to their own individual quality
      and the survival prospects of the chick.

PMID- 19967876
TI  - Sex-specific, seasonal foraging tactics of adult grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)
      revealed by state-space analysis.
AB  - In many large pelagic animals, observing behavior is limited to observation by
      radio or satellite telemetry. In many cases, discriminating different behaviors
      from telemetry data has been a key, but often elusive, goal. Here we use state
      space models (SSMs) to fit a correlated random walk (CRW) model that switches
      between two unobserved behavioral states (nominally foraging and traveling) to 41
      male and 43 female adult grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) satellite telemetry
      tracks. The SSM results reveal markedly different spatial behavior between the
      sexes, fitting well with sexual size dimorphism and known dietary differences,
      suggesting that the sexes deal with seasonal prey availability and reproductive
      costs differently. From these results we were also able to produce behaviorally
      informed habitat use maps, showing a complex and dynamic network of small,
      intensely used foraging areas. Our flexible SSM approach clearly demonstrates sex
      related behavioral differences, fine scale spatial and temporal foraging
      patterns, and a clearer picture of grey seal ecology and role in the Scotian
      Shelf ecosystem.

PMID- 19967877
TI  - Wolverine gene flow across a narrow climatic niche.
AB  - Wolverines (Gulo gulo) are one of the rarest carnivores in the contiguous United
      States. Effective population sizes in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, where most of
      the wolverines in the contiguous United States exist, were calculated to be 35
      (credible limits, 28 52) suggesting low abundance. Landscape features that
      influence wolverine population substructure and gene flow are largely unknown.
      Recent work has identified strong associations between areas with persistent
      spring snow and wolverine presence and range. We tested whether a dispersal model
      in which wolverines prefer to disperse through areas characterized by persistent
      spring snow cover produced least-cost paths among all individuals that correlated
      with genetic distance among individuals. Models simulating large preferences for
      dispersing within areas characterized by persistent spring snow explained the
      data better than a model based on Euclidean distance. Partial Mantel tests
      separating Euclidean distance from spring snow-cover-based effects indicated that
      Euclidean distance was not significant in describing patterns of genetic
      distance. Because these models indicated that successful dispersal paths followed
      areas characterized by spring snow cover, we used these understandings to derive
      empirically based least-cost corridor maps in the U.S. Rocky Mountains. These
      corridor maps largely explain previously published population subdivision
      patterns based on mitochondrial DNA and indicate that natural colonization of the
      southern Rocky Mountains by wolverines will be difficult but not impossible.

PMID- 19967879
TI  - Statistical performance and information content of time lag analysis and
      redundancy analysis in time series modeling.
AB  - Time lag analysis (TLA) is a distance-based approach used to study temporal
      dynamics of ecological communities by measuring community dissimilarity over
      increasing time lags. Despite its increased use in recent years, its performance
      in comparison with other more direct methods (i.e., canonical ordination) has not
      been evaluated. This study fills this gap using extensive simulations and real
      data sets from experimental temporary ponds (true zooplankton communities) and
      landscape studies (landscape categories as pseudo-communities) that differ in
      community structure and anthropogenic stress history. Modeling time with a
      principal coordinate of neighborhood matrices (PCNM) approach, the canonical
      ordination technique (redundancy analysis; RDA) consistently outperformed the
      other statistical tests (i.e., TLAs, Mantel test, and RDA based on linear time
      trends) using all real data. In addition, the RDA-PCNM revealed different
      patterns of temporal change, and the strength of each individual time pattern, in
      terms of adjusted variance explained, could be evaluated, It also identified
      species contributions to these patterns of temporal change. This additional
      information is not provided by distance-based methods. The simulation study
      revealed better Type I error properties of the canonical ordination techniques
      compared with the distance-based approaches when no deterministic component of
      change was imposed on the communities. The simulation also revealed that strong
      emphasis on uniform deterministic change and low variability at other temporal
      scales is needed to result in decreased statistical power of the RDA-PCNM
      approach relative to the other methods. Based on the statistical performance of
      and information content provided by RDA-PCNM models, this technique serves
      ecologists as a powerful tool for modeling temporal change of ecological (pseudo
      ) communities.

PMID- 19967878
TI  - Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture
      recapture models.
AB  - We develop a class of models for inference about abundance or density using
      spatial capture-recapture data from studies based on camera trapping and related
      methods. The model is a hierarchical model composed of two components: a point
      process model describing the distribution of individuals in space (or their home
      range centers) and a model describing the observation of individuals in traps. We
      suppose that trap- and individual-specific capture probabilities are a function
      of distance between individual home range centers and trap locations. We show
      that the models can be regarded as generalized linear mixed models, where the
      individual home range centers are random effects. We adopt a Bayesian framework
      for inference under these models using a formulation based on data augmentation.
      We apply the models to camera trapping data on tigers from the Nagarahole
      Reserve, India, collected over 48 nights in 2006. For this study, 120 camera
      locations were used, but cameras were only operational at 30 locations during any
      given sample occasion. Movement of traps is common in many camera-trapping
      studies and represents an important feature of the observation model that we
      address explicitly in our application.

PMID- 19967880
TI  - Patterns and rules for sensitivity and elasticity in population projection
      matrices.
AB  - Sensitivity and elasticity analysis of population projection matrices (PPMs) are
      established tools in the analysis of structured populations, allowing comparison
      of the contributions made by different demographic rates to population growth. In
      some commonly used structures of PPM, however, there are mathematically
      inevitable patterns in the relative sensitivity and elasticity of certain
      demographic rates. We take a simulation approach to investigate these
      mathematical constraints for a range of PPM models. Our results challenge some
      previously proposed constraints on sensitivity and elasticity. We also identify
      constraints beyond those that have already been proven mathematically and promote
      them as candidates for future mathematical proof. A general theme among these
      rules is that changes to the demographic rates of older or larger individuals
      have less impact on population growth than do equivalent changes among younger or
      smaller individuals. However, the validity of these rules in each case depends on
      the choice between sensitivity and elasticity, the growth rate of the population,
      and the PPM structure used. If the structured population conforms perfectly to
      the assumptions of the PPM used to model it, the rules we describe represent
      biological reality, allowing us to prioritize management strategies in the
      absence of detailed demographic data. Conversely, if the model is a poor fit to
      the population (specifically, if demographic rates within stages are
      heterogeneous), such analyses could lead to inappropriate management
      prescriptions. Our results emphasize the importance of choosing a structured
      population model that fits the demographics of the population.

PMID- 19967881
TI  - Inferring host-parasite relationships using stable isotopes: implications for
      disease transmission and host specificity.
AB  - Identifying the roles of different hosts and vectors is a major challenge in the
      study of the ecology of diseases caused by multi-host pathogens. Intensive field
      studies suggested that grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) help spread the
      bacterium that causes plague (Yersinia pestis) in prairie dog colonies by sharing
      fleas with prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus); yet conclusive evidence that
      prairie dog fleas (Oropsylla hirsuta) feed on grasshopper mice is lacking. Using
      stable nitrogen isotope analysis, we determined that many blood-engorged O.
      hirsuta collected from wild grasshopper mice apparently contained blood meals of
      prairie dogs. These results suggest that grasshopper mice may be infected with Y.
      pestis via mechanisms other than flea feeding, e.g., early phase or mechanical
      transmission or scavenging carcasses, and raise questions about the ability of
      grasshopper mice to maintain Y. pestis in prairie dog colonies during years
      between plague outbreaks. They also indicate that caution may be warranted when
      inferring feeding relationships based purely on the occurrence of fleas or other
      haematophagous ectoparasites on hosts. Stable-isotope analysis may complement or
      provide a useful alternative to immunological or molecular techniques for
      identifying hosts of cryptically feeding ectoparasites, and for clarifying
      feeding relationships in studies of host-parasite interactions.

PMID- 19967882
TI  - [Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): pathology in continuous development.
      Diagnostic-therapeutic strategies].

PMID- 19967883
TI  - Surgical procedures for evacuatory disorders.
AB  - This review addresses the range of treatments suggested to be of contemporary
      value in the treatment of constipation with critical evaluation of efficacy data,
      complications, patient selection, controversies and areas for future research.
      Resection-rectopexy, stapled prolapsectomy, mesh procedures, rectocele repair,
      stapled rectal resection and anterograde enema are among the reported procedures,
      but none of them showed a clear superiority over the others due to the lack of
      prospective randomised trials. Both open and laparoscopic interventions have been
      used. The outcome is usually positive in the short-term, but long term follow up
      showed that most procedure carry a high recurrent rate, possibly because the
      target of surgery is represented by the evident organic lesions, whereas the
      occult functional causes tend to be underestimated. In conclusion, the authors
      recommend a strict and selective surgical policy when dealing with patents
      suffering from evacuation disorders.

PMID- 19967884
TI  - Re-operations for failed anti-reflux surgery. Lessons from the past and prospects
      for the future.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The total number of re-operations for failed antireflux surgery is
      increasing dramatically worldwide. We reviewed our experience of re-operations
      for failed anti-reflux surgery to identify the factors contributing to
      unsuccessful re-operation which can be used in the era of laparoscopic surgery.
      METHOD: One hundred twenty one patients were re-operated. Only patients whose
      information responded to 16 variables were included. Those patients who underwent
      only 1 re-operation, formed group A, and those who had more than 1 re-operation
      were included in group B. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients entered the study.
      Fifty-eight patients were included in Group A and 19 in Group B. Thirty-five
      patients of Group A were male, whilst 12 of Group B were female. Dysphagia was
      the leading symptom in the 1st and subsequent re-operation. After the initial
      operation, 21 patients developed a symptom different from the main preoperative
      one. Nine of these (15%) were in group A, whilst 12 (63%) were in group B (p =
      0.001). Intra-operative peri-esophageal fibrosis during the first re-operation
      was present in 18% of patients of group A, and 47% of group B (p = 0.01). The
      presence of an anatomical defect was most common in patients of group A (p =
      0.02). Mean follow-up was 10.4 years with excellent/good results in 90% of the
      patients. CONCLUSION: These findings will help in informing surgeons about the
      factors influencing the outcome of re-doing operations for failed anti-reflux
      surgery. Meticulous diagnosis and operative techniques may permit excellent/good
      results in this difficult group of patients.

PMID- 19967886
TI  - The treatment of the ears with advanced pathology using a composite graft of
      perichondrium and cartilage.
AB  - In ears with advanced pathology the functional and anatomical results of a
      surgical procedure depend on factors such as total perforation, tympanosclerosis.
      Atelectasis. Suppuration or possibility a previous operation. A Perichondrium
      Cartilage Composite Graft (PCCG) was used to repair the tympanic membrane by a
      total of 350 cases over a five-year period in total, 157 type I tympanoplasty
      procedures (15% with previous surgery) and 193 type III procedures (52% with
      previous surgery) were carried out. The graft was obtained from the tragus and/or
      the conceal cartilage. Two slightly different surgical techniques were used.
      Closure of the perforation in the tympanic membrane was successful in 94% of the
      procedures. An < or = 30 dB in 79% of the type III procedures. In conclusion, the
      PCCG is a reliable graft in cases of advances middle ear damage

PMID- 19967885
TI  - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in breast surgery. Preliminary resuls of a multicenter
      randomized study on 1400 cases].
AB  - Breast surgery is classified among the procedures performed in clean surgery and
      is associated with a low incidence of wound infection (3-15%). The objective of
      this study was to evaluate the advantages antibiotic prophylaxis in patients
      undergoing breast surgery. A multicenter randomized controlled study was
      performed between January 2008 and November 2008. One thousand four hundred
      patients were enrolled in prospective randomized study; surgical wound infection
      was found in 41 patients (2.93%). In our RCT we have shown that in breast surgery
      antibiotic prophylaxis does not present significant advantages in patients with
      potential risk of infection (17 patients, 2.42%, subjected to antibiotic
      prophylaxis vs 24 patients, 3.43%, without antibiotic prophylaxis) (P = 0.27). In
      patients with drainage there is a significant minor incidence of wound infections
      in patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis (5 patients, 0.92%, subjected to
      antibiotic prophylaxis vs 14 patients, 3.09%, without antibiotic prophylaxis) (P
      = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This study is only a preliminary RCT to be followed by a
      study which should be enrolled more patients in order to get the results as
      statistically significant.

PMID- 19967887
TI  - Overcoming of a "surgical dogma" in acute cholecystitis treated in postponed
      emergency.
AB  - AIM: To demonstrate the overcoming of a surgical dogma related to acute
      cholecystitis treatment, in particular to the timing of the operation. METHODS:
      One hundred cases of observed acute cholecystitis, submitted to an emergency
      postponed laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery and histological control of
      specimens to evaluate rate of surgical complications and rate of reconver-tion to
      open surgery RESULTS: The complications rate observed and the surgical conversion
      to open technique was only 1% where in 96% of the cases the histological
      examination of the specimen confirmed the state of acute inflammation. Therefore
      there was a substantial success rate of laparoscopic therapy even in emergency
      situations, in spite of an overcoming of the conventional timing within 72 hours
      of surgery for acute cases, which has few restrictions from some authors. The
      reasons allowing in safety that time extension were ascribed to the laparoscopic
      procedure, apt to overcome the anatomo-pathological barriers through an accurate
      vision of the operative field, and the use of specialized devices allowing the
      coagulative dissection of inflamed tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Postponed colecistectomy
      in acute cholecystitis, in extention of the canonical coded timing of 72 hours,
      confirmed to be a safe and successful procedure, even in emergency, with only
      rare exceptions.

PMID- 19967888
TI  - [Extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease: risk factors and influence of
      intestinal surgery].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Extraintestinal manifestations significantly affect the quality of
      life of patients with Crohn's disease. The aim of the present study is to define
      the risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations and the relative influence of
      intestinal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a cohort of 223 patients with
      Crohn's disease we analyzed the association between demographic/clinico
      pathological factors and extraintestinal manifestations. In addition, we
      evaluated their association with the timing of appearance of the extraintestinal
      manifestations with respect to the intestinal surgery. RESULTS: Fifty-seven
      patients (25.6%) developed 91 extraintestinal manifestations. Demographic and
      clinico-pathological variables significantly associated with extraintestinal
      manifestations were: female gender (OR 2.84, 95% CI: 1.37-5.90) and colonic
      involvement (OR 2.68, 95% CI: 1.06-6.76). In patients not undergoing surgery and
      in patients with extraintestinal manifestations present only before surgery, the
      latency period between the onset of Crohn'S disease and extraintestinal
      manifestations were 3.7 +/-8.2 and 2.1 +/- 6.3 years, respectively. In patients
      developed extraintestinal manifestations only after surgery, the latency between
      surgery and extraintestinal manifestations was 12.0 +/-10.0 years. In 5 patients
      with early onset of extraintestinal manifestations, these did not regress or
      recur after surgery. CONCLUSION: Female gender and colonic involvement are
      confirmed as risk factors for the development of extraintestinal manifestations
      in Crohn's disease. Surgical treatment of the intestinal disease represents a
      therapeutic option for patients with extraintestinal manifestations, as it seems
      to prevent or delay these manifestations in most cases.

PMID- 19967889
TI  - Effective treatment of haemorrhoids: early complication and late results after
      150 consecutive stapled haemorrhoidectomies.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Haemorrhoidectomy according to Longo potentially reduces post
      operative pain and allows an early return to work. The aim of this study was to
      evaluate the efficacy of the technique, the early and especially late
      complications, and recurrences, in 150 patients. METHODS: Between January 2005
      and December 2006, we performed 150 consecutive haemorrhoidectomies with the
      Longo technique: 82 for third degree haemorrhoids and 68 for fourth degree
      haemorrhoids. The mean age of patients was 42 years. Every patient had a pre
      operative proctoscopy and endoscopy KIT PPH01 (Ethicon Endo Surgery) was used. We
      evaluated the length of the operation, the post-operative pain, the early and
      late complications, and the recurrence of the disease. The mean follow up was 52
      months (range 36-72). RESULTS: There was no mortality. The mean length of the
      operation was 25 minutes with a range of 15 to 45 minutes. Pain, evaluated using
      the V.A.S. scale, was very light in 114 patients (V.A.S. 2,1) and light in 36
      (V.A.S. 3.2). Only 11 (7.5%) patients took painkillers, on demand, for a week
      after discharge from hospital and 2 patients (1,3%) for more than one month.
      Early complications (6.6%) were: 5 bleeding (2 after seven days), 4 acute urinary
      retentions, 1 external haemorrhoid thrombosis and 1 haematoma of the rectus wall.
      Mean Hospital stay was 2.1 days. Late complications (10%) were: 5 "faecal
      urgency" which disappeared after six months, 6 moderate asymptomatic strictures,
      and 4 persistent skin tags. There were 8 recurrences (5.1%), 2 for haemorrhoids
      of grade 3 e 6 for haemorrhoids of grade 4. All the recurrences appeared within
      the first 24 months. CONCLUSION: The stapled procedure according to Longo is an
      effective treatment for haemorrhoids. The results for postoperative pain and
      early return to work are very good. However, special care for haemostasis is
      essential in order to avoid bleeding. An effective surgical technique prevents
      late complications, but results after long term follow up show a not
      insignificant percentage of recurrences that appeared especially in the fourth
      degree haemorrhoids. Therefore a careful pre-operative exclusion of those
      patients with a prominent prolax is necessary

PMID- 19967890
TI  - Modified Lichtenshtein hernioplasty prevents male infertility.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Lichtenstein hernia repair made revolutionary progress in hernia
      treatment. Since that a lot of modifications have been proposed. In a few of them
      attention is drawn to spermatic cord isolation from a mesh for prevention of
      spermatic cord involvement into inflammatory process which may lead to
      disturbances in ejaculation act and spermatogenesis itself AIM OF THE STUDY: To
      compare morphological parameters of sperm prior and after hernia surgery in those
      groups of patients who underwent Lichtenstein and modified Lichtenstein (with
      spermatic cord isolation from a mesh by Gvenetadze) hernia repairs. CONCLUSION:
      Our experience showed that modified Lichtenstein hernioplasty which involves
      spermatic cord complete isolation from the mesh prevents male infertility
      especially in the case of bilateral hernia repair.

PMID- 19967891
TI  - The Tripier reverse flap for reconstruction of the upper eyelid.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The Tripier flap is a bipedicled bridge-shaped flap, originally
      designed on the upper eyelid. The classically described use was for
      reconstruction of split-thickness defects of the lower eyelid. In the literature
      no mention exists of bipedicled flaps from the lower eyelid for reconstructing
      the upper. CASE REPORT AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Authors report a case of a partial
      thickness defect in the upper eyelid, reconstructed through a bipedicled bridge
      shaped flap from the lower eyelid. The reconstructed lid healed uneventfully and
      6 months' follow up is satisfactory with regard to reconstruction. CONCLUSION:
      The reverse Tripier flap is therefore a valid technique for the repair of the
      upper eyelid when other options are not feasible.

PMID- 19967892
TI  - Use of axillary ultrasonography in breast cancer: a useful tool to reduce
      sentinel node procedures.
AB  - AIM OF THE STUDY: The lymph node sentinel method is today used for staging the
      axillary lymph node stations. Ultrasonography is widely available and inexpensive
      method to study axillary status. METHODS: One hundred fourteen patients were
      studied consecutively using axillary ultrasonography and ultrasound guided fine
      needle aspiration of the lymph node. We used ATL Ultramark 9 with 5-7.5 MHz
      multiple frequency linear probe or Aloka SSDD-1400 with 7.5 MHz linear probe.
      RESULTS: One hundred fourteen patients were examined; six were excluded because
      of definitive histological diagnosis of non-infiltrating carcinoma. 106 had
      monofocal carcinomas, 2 had bifocal carcinoma in 104/108 ultrasonography was
      carried out successfully. The axillary cytological examination was positive in 18
      cases (17.3%) who were subjected to axillary examination. 86 patients were
      subjected to sentinel lymph node biopsy: positive 13 cases (6 micrometastases).
      31 cases/104 (29.8%) showed positive axilla. Sensitivity of ultrasonography was
      58%, 100%specificity. Predictive positive value 100%, Negative value 84.9% for an
      accuracy of 87.5%. DISCUSSION: Ultrasonography is useful in all cases eligible to
      sentinel lymph node examination; the minimum cost of the procedure and of the
      human resources is amply rewarded by the direct indication for surgical axillary
      dissection in case of a positive result (17.3% in our experience).

PMID- 19967893
TI  - [Intestinal neuroendocrine tumor. Case report and review of the literature].
AB  - Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasm and have
      proved to be slow growing malignancies which involve many organs and most
      frequently the gastrointestinal tract. They have a peculiary biological
      behaviour: most of them have endocrine function (carcinoid syndrome); many are
      clinically silent until late presentation. Symptoms are non specific; the most
      common are abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss and gastrointestinal
      (GI) blood loss. Incidental carcinoid, discovered at the time of another
      procedure, occurred in 40% of patients, and in multiple site throughout the GI
      tract. Here we report a case of a 73-year-old male with an adenomatous colonic
      polyp, not suitable of endoscopic treatment, and a synchronous carcinoid of small
      intestine discovered during surgical procedure. Therefore we performed a review
      of literature with particular attention to diagnosis and strategy of the
      treatment.

PMID- 19967894
TI  - [Polyspecialistic treatment of a polytrauma. Case report].
AB  - The Authors report the clinical course of M.L., a 22 years old man. He came to
      our observation after a road accident, in third care. In the former hospital
      admissions hemodynamic stabilization, surgical haemostasis of multiple hepatic
      lacerations with hemoperitoneum and right leg amputation were performed. He
      arrived to our department in a critical condition owing to mild respiratory
      insufficiency due to many rib fractures with sero-haematic spillage into the
      pleural cavity, in dialytic treatment for acute renal insufficiency consequent to
      right renal artery damage, soft tissues necrosis of the amputation stump with
      sepsis and persistent fever until 40 degrees C. The treatment and care of this
      patient required a team-work with the collaboration of many specialists, namely
      surgeons, nephrologists, anaesthetists, interventionist radiologists and
      hyperbaric oxygen therapy experts. Thanks to such collaboration we achieved an
      excellent quoad vitam result. The aim of this paper is to confirm and emphasize
      the central role of a Trauma Team, fed in a Trauma Center and in a Trauma System,
      in the management of complex traumas.

PMID- 19967895
TI  - [Transatlantic surgical transfer, 1850-2000 exchange of experience or way in a
      unique sense?].

PMID- 19967896
TI  - Salivary cortisol and psychopathology in adults bereaved by the September 11,
      2001 terror attacks.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aimed to describe the nature and time course of
      HPA axis dysregulation and psychopathology among terror-bereaved spouses. METHOD:
      Twenty-three spouses bereaved from September 11, 2001 terror attacks and 22
      nonbereaved spouses were compared using a psychiatric diagnostic interview
      (SCID), 3 days of salivary cortisol collection, and a dexamethasone suppression
      test. Most subjects had repeated assessments at 6 month intervals during the 2
      year study. RESULTS: After September 11, 2001, bereaved compared to nonbereaved
      had significantly higher rates ofposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 68.1%
      versus 0%) and major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.5% versus 9.5%). Bereaved had
      significantly higher morning basal cortisol and less afternoon postdexamethasone
      cortisol suppression than nonbereaved. Among bereaved, those with PTSD without
      comorbid MDD had significantly greater afternoon postdexamethasone cortisol
      suppression than those without psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Terror-related
      spouse death is a severe stressor associated with persistent HPA axis activation,
      PTSD, and MDD. However, bereaved spouses who developed PTSD and were not
      depressed had enhanced postdexamethasone cortisol suppression, evidence of
      heightened glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity.

PMID- 19967897
TI  - Treatment outcome in psychiatric inpatients: the discriminative value of self
      esteem.
AB  - Self-esteem has been identified as an important clinical variable within various
      psychological and psychiatric conditions. Surprisingly, its prognostic and
      discriminative value in predicting treatment outcome has been understudied.
      OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to assess, in an acute psychiatric setting, the
      comparative role of self-esteem in predicting treatment outcome in depression,
      anxiety, and global symptom severity, while controlling for socio-demographic
      variables, pre-treatment symptom severity, and personality pathology. DESIGN:
      Treatment outcome was assessed with pre- and post-treatment measures. METHOD: A
      heterogeneous convenience sample of 63 psychiatric inpatients completed upon
      admission and discharge self-report measures of depression, anxiety, global
      symptom severity, and self-esteem. RESULTS: A significant one-way repeated
      measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed up by analyses of
      variance (ANOVAs) revealed significant reductions in depression (eta2 = .72),
      anxiety (eta2 = .55), and overall psychological distress (eta2 = .60). Multiple
      regression analyses suggested that self-esteem was a significant predictor of
      short-term outcome in depression but not for anxiety or overall severity of
      psychiatric symptoms. The regression model predicting depression outcome
      explained 32% of the variance with only pre-treatment self-esteem contributing
      significantly to the prediction. CONCLUSIONS: The current study lends support to
      the importance of self-esteem as a pre-treatment patient variable predictive of
      psychiatric inpatient treatment outcome in relation with depressive
      symptomatology. Generalization to patient groups with specific diagnoses is
      limited due to the heterogeneous nature of the population sampled and the
      treatments provided. Implications for clinical practice and future research are
      discussed.

PMID- 19967898
TI  - Everything changed: spiritual transformation in people with HIV.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Spiritual Transformation (ST) is accompanied by dramatic changes in
      spiritual beliefs along with major changes in behaviors, self-view, and
      attitudes. This study examined types of ST, as well as its antecedents and
      consequences in people with HIV. METHOD: Qualitative content analysis was used to
      analyze interviews about ST in people's lives in two samples: people with chronic
      HIV-disease (chronic disease sample, n = 74) and people with HIV who identified
      themselves as spiritual (spiritual sample, n = 73). RESULTS: ST occurred in 39%
      of the chronic disease and 75% of the spiritual sample. These STs were generally
      positive (95%) and enduring (M = 8.71 +/- 7.43 years). ST was most frequently
      associated with spiritual experience (in particular near-death experience),
      substance-use recovery, and HIV/AIDS-diagnosis. Main antecedents were substance
      use disorder, education/upbringing, and desire to change. Further themes were
      depression/helplessness, confrontation with illness/death, social support, and
      lifestyle. The top six consequences include spiritual intensification, more
      spiritual practices, positive feelings toward self, recovery from substance-use,
      finding new meaning and purpose in life, and increased self-knowledge. In the
      spiritual sample, there was a common pattern of hitting rock bottom with drugs,
      having a spiritual experience (in particular a near-death experience), and
      joining a drug program. CONCLUSIONS: Positive ST occurs in a sizable proportion
      of people with HIV. Importantly, ST often results in an enduring substance-use
      recovery, and an improved quality of life as indicated by enhanced gratitude,
      appreciation, joy, sense of peace, and reduced fear of death.

PMID- 19967899
TI  - Spiritual transformation, psychological well-being, health, and survival in
      people with HIV.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Although Spiritual Transformation (ST) occurs in a sizable proportion
      of people with HIV (about 39%), there is little research on the potential
      benefits of ST with respect to psychological well-being, health, and survival in
      this population. Our study attempts to fill this gap. METHOD: Using a mixed
      method approach, we related interviews of 147 people with HIV (identifying the
      presence/absence of ST) to questionnaires measuring demographics, medical
      history, treatment adherence, physical symptoms, and psychological well-being
      (i.e., stress, coping, life attitude, and spirituality), and assessments of CD4
      counts and viral load and survival 3 to 5 years later. RESULTS: At comparable
      times since HIV-diagnosis and antiretroviral medications prescribed, the presence
      of ST was significantly associated with better treatment success (undetectable
      viral loads, higher CD4 counts), better medication adherence, fewer symptoms,
      less distress, more positive coping, different life attitudes (i.e., existential
      transcendence, meaning/purpose in life, optimism, death acceptance), more
      spiritual practices, and increased spirituality. ST was also associated with
      substance-use recovery and with being African American. Survival up to 5 years
      was 5.35 times more likely among participants with ST (p(f) = .044). According to
      a Cox-regression adjusted for baseline CD4-counts, age, race-ethnicity, gender,
      education, years since HIV-diagnosis, and a history of substance-use problems, ST
      still reduced the risk of death (HR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01-0.53, p = .010).
      CONCLUSIONS: ST has associated benefits for psychological well-being, health, and
      survival.

PMID- 19967900
TI  - The effects of female reproductive hormones in generalized social anxiety
      disorder.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Although generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD) is more prevalent
      in women, the role of female reproductive hormones in gSAD has never been
      investigated. Therefore, our aim was to make a first inventory of the influence
      of female reproductive hormones on gSAD symptoms. METHOD: Female patients with
      gSAD who had previously participated in our research projects in the University
      Medical Center Utrecht and the Leiden University Medical Center were recruited. A
      self-report survey with questions on the influence of menarche, the periods of
      the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, lactation, postpartum
      period, and menopause on gSAD symptoms was returned by 46% of 140 women suffering
      form gSAD. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data.
      RESULTS: A subgroup of patients reported an influence of female hormonal cycle on
      gSAD symptoms. In this subgroup, statistical differences were found for the
      menstrual cycle and pregnancy. In the premenstrual period, patients reported more
      severe gSAD symptoms. During pregnancy symptoms decreased, but postpartum symptom
      severity returned to the same levels as before pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: A subgroup
      of women with gSAD seemed vulnerable for the influences of gonadal hormones.
      Prospective research in women with gSAD, in which the gonadal hormones are
      assessed, is warranted.

PMID- 19967901
TI  - Evaluation of general psychopathology, subjective sleep quality, and health
      related quality of life in patients with obesity.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Recently, the increasing rate of obesity has been elucidated as a
      major public health problem. The aim of this study was to examine the
      psychological distress, subjective sleep quality, and health-related quality of
      life (HRQOL) in a group of patients diagnosed with obesity. METHODS: A total of
      124 obese patients (32 of them Class I obesity (BMI: 30-34.9 kg/m2), 92 Class II
      obesity (BMI: > or = 35kg/m2)) and 106 healthy control subjects were involved in
      the study. Subjects were evaluated with self-administered questionnaires
      including the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
      Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36). Several
      clinical and socio-demographic data were also recorded. RESULTS: Class II obesity
      group had a significantly worse psychological status, quality of life, and sleep
      quality than control group, Although Class I obesity group did not differ from
      Class II and control groups according to sleep quality and psychological status,
      they had worse HRQOL than the control group. BMI scores positively correlated
      with the majority of subscales of psychological distress (SCL-90-R) and sleep
      quality (PSQI, ESS) and negatively correlated with all dimensions of HRQOL (SF
      36). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with psychological distress, poor sleep
      quality, and reduced quality of life. Thus, obesity should be evaluated in a
      biopsychosocial manner, including management of patients' psychopathology.

PMID- 19967902
TI  - The role of brief motivational intervention on self-efficacy and abstinence in a
      cohort of patients with alcohol dependence.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Brief interventions are effective in reducing heavy drinking in the
      general population but few studies examined whether it is also effective in
      alcohol dependent patients, and whether brief intervention increases self
      efficacy. METHOD: One hundred and seven patients with alcohol-dependence were
      randomized in a controlled trial examining the efficacy of a brief motivational
      intervention on both self-efficacy level and days of abstinence. RESULTS: We
      found that brief motivational interventions had no effect on days of abstinence,
      nor on self-efficacy, but that high self-efficacy was consistently correlated
      with a longer period of abstinence, at all assessment-points. CONCLUSION: Self
      efficacy appears to be a crucial prognosis factor, and is not influenced by brief
      motivational interventions. Other types of specific psychotherapy, probably more
      intensive, may be more efficient in alcohol-dependent patients than motivational
      interventions.

PMID- 19967903
TI  - Unexplained chronic fatigue and interpersonal problems: a study in a primary care
      population.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Unexplained fatigue syndromes are multidimensional phenomena that
      involve a constellation of symptoms. This article explores whether typical
      interpersonal problems are associated with self-reported and clinically-rated
      fatigue symptoms in chronically fatigued patients. We hypothesize that the
      severity of fatigue symptoms will be associated with a pattern of withdrawal from
      social interaction. METHOD: Interpersonal problems were assessed by means of a
      self-report questionnaire. Chronic fatigue was assessed with a self-report
      questionnaire (both self-rated and clinically-rated) in a primary care Chronic
      Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) group (N = 52) and compared with two other clinical
      populations (minor medical condition: N = 51; chronic organic disease: N = 52).
      RESULTS: Compared to patients with a minor medical condition, CFS patients are
      substantially more fatigued and more socially withdrawn. Compared to patients
      with a chronic organic disease, somewhat more fatigue-related disability was
      observed in CFS patients, but no distinct interpersonal problems came to the
      fore. CFS patients and physicians proved to differ in their opinion on the
      patient's motivation. In line with the hypothesis, self-rated and clinically
      scored fatigue problems proved to be related to a pattern of withdrawal from
      social interaction. CONCLUSION: Differences between physicians' and patients in
      how symptoms are interpreted might be related to patients feeling misunderstood
      and result in social withdrawal.

PMID- 19967904
TI  - Borderline personality among outpatients seen by a pain management specialist.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We examined the prevalence of borderline personality disorder among a
      sample of outpatients who were being initially evaluated by a pain management
      specialist. METHOD: Using two self-report measures for borderline personality
      disorder, the borderline personality scale of the Personality Diagnostic
      Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) and the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), we explored prevalence
      rates of this Axis II disorder in a sample of 117 participants. RESULTS:
      According to the PDQ-4 and the SHI, 9.4% and 14.5% of participants, respectively,
      met the criteria for borderline personality, with 6.8% meeting criteria on both
      measures. CONCLUSIONS: In this insured population of pain patients, rates of
      borderline personality, as determined by both measures, were comparable to rates
      of borderline personality in the general population.

PMID- 19967905
TI  - Bringing you up to speed on sharing the road.

PMID- 19967906
TI  - Use of engineering controls and personal protective equipment by certified
      pesticide applicators.
AB  - A convenience survey of 702 certified pesticide applicators was conducted in
      three states to assess the use of 16 types of engineering controls and 13 types
      of personal protective equipment (PPE). Results showed that 8 out of 16
      engineering devices were adopted by more than 50% of the respondents. The type of
      crop, size of agricultural operation, and the type of pesticide application
      equipment were found to influence the adoption of engineering controls.
      Applicators working on large farms, users of boom and hydraulic sprayers, and
      growers of field crops were more likely to use engineering devices. Respondents
      reported a high level of PPE use, with chemical-resistant gloves showing the
      highest level of compliance. An increase in pesticide applicators wearing
      appropriate headgear was reported. The majority of respondents did not wear less
      PPE simply because they used engineering controls. Those who did modify their PPE
      choices when employing engineering controls used tractors with enclosed cabs
      and/or were vegetable growers.

PMID- 19967907
TI  - Pesticide poisoning and respiratory disorders in Colorado farm residents.
AB  - Respiratory hazards significantly contribute to the burden of occupational
      disease among farmers. Pesticide exposure has been linked to an increased
      prevalence of respiratory symptoms in several farming populations. The purpose of
      this study was to evaluate the association between respiratory symptoms and
      pesticide poisoning in a cross-sectional survey of farm residents. A total of 761
      farm operators and their spouses, representing 479 farms in northeastern
      Colorado, were recruited from 1993 to 1997. A personal interview asked whether
      the resident had experienced a pesticide poisoning and several respiratory
      conditions including cough, allergy, wheeze, and organic dust toxic syndrome
      (ODTS). Spirometry testing was performed on 196 individuals. Logistic regression
      was used to model the association of pesticide poisoning with respiratory
      conditions, and linear regression was used to model the relationship of pesticide
      poisoning and forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1). In
      unadjusted models, pesticide poisoning was associated with all four respiratory
      conditions, and stayed significant in adjusted models of allergies and cough in
      non-smokers. In age- and gender-adjusted models, pesticide poisoning was
      significantly associated with lower FVC and FEV1 in current smokers and in those
      who were not heavy drinkers. Although this study should be reproduced in a larger
      sample, it suggests that further evaluation of the respiratory effects of
      pesticide exposure is warranted.

PMID- 19967908
TI  - Static simulation and analyses of mower's ROPS behavior in a finite element
      model.
AB  - The goal of this research was to numerically predict the maximum lateral force
      acting on a mower rollover protective structure (ROPS) and the energy absorbed by
      the ROPS during a lateral continuous roll. A finite element (FE) model of the
      ROPS was developed using elastic and plastic theories including nonlinear
      relationships between stresses and strains in the plastic deformation range.
      Model validation was performed using field measurements of ROPS behavior in a
      lateral continuous roll on a purpose-designed test slope. Field tests determined
      the maximum deformation of the ROPS of a 900 kg John Deere F925 mower with a 183
      cm (72 in.) mowing deck during an actual lateral roll on a pad and on soil. In
      the FE model, lateral force was gradually added to the ROPS until the field
      measured maximum deformation was achieved. The results from the FE analysis
      indicated that the top corners of the ROPS enter slightly into the plastic
      deformation region. Maximum lateral forces acting on the ROPS during the
      simulated impact with the pad and soil were 19650 N and 22850 N, respectively.
      The FE model predicted that the energy absorbed by the ROPS (643 J) in the
      lateral roll test on the pad was less than the static test requirements (1575 J)
      of Organization for Economic Development (OECD) Code 6. In addition, the energy
      absorbed by the ROPS (1813 J) in the test on the soil met the static test
      requirements (1575 J). Both the FE model and the field test results indicated
      that the deformed ROPS of the F925 mower with deck did not intrude into the
      occupant clearance zone during the lateral continuous or non-continuous roll.

PMID- 19967909
TI  - Work Ability Index among Finnish dairy farmers.
AB  - Full-time farmers and particularly dairy farmers who plan to expand their
      production have voiced concerns about their physical and mental work ability in
      recent studies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the work
      ability of dairy farmers and to identify demographic groups at risk of disability
      and in greatest need of interventions to promote work ability. We conducted a
      postal survey using the Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire. The WAI of 399
      dairy farmers (245 female and 154 male) was analyzed (response rate 41.5%). The
      mean WAI score was 36.0 among female and 39.0 among male respondents (scale: 7 =
      worst to 49 = best). The WAI decreased with age. The WAI was systematically
      better among males compared to females in all age groups, and the difference was
      greatest among those over 45 years of age. About one-fourth of females and one
      tenth of males over 45 years of age were at an imminent risk of disability (poor
      WAI). The WAI of farmers in our study was similar to farmers in previous studies
      where entrepreneurs and salaried workers had better WAI compared to farmers. This
      study indicates that interventions are needed among older dairy farmers,
      particularly females, to help them improve their work ability. The first question
      (of seven) in the WAI questionnaire correlated well with the complete
      questionnaire-based WAI. The first question could be used in surveys as a
      condensed version of the WAI, if the same correlation is found in future studies.
      Based on this study, we recommend using the Work Ability Index questionnaire for
      assessing the health of those working in agriculture.

PMID- 19967910
TI  - Retrofitting tractors with rollover protective structures: perspective of
      equipment dealers.
AB  - This study was one of a cluster of studies that originated via requests for
      proposals from the NIOSH National Agricultural Tractor Safety Initiative. The
      present study design consisted of several steps: (1) formation of an advisory
      group, (2) development and testing of a standard paper self-responding survey
      instrument, (3) sample selection of farm equipment dealers, (4) administration of
      the survey, (5) assessment and analysis of the survey, and (6) in-person response
      panel of dealers (n = 80) to review results of the questionnaire for further
      definition and sharpening of the recommendations from the survey. A key finding
      is that most dealers do not currently sell or install ROPS retrofit kits.
      Barriers cited by dealers included (1) actual or perceived lack of farmer demand,
      (2) injury liability, (3) expensive freight for ordering ROPS, (4) lack of dealer
      awareness of the magnitude of deaths from tractor overturns and the high life
      protective factor of ROPS, and (5) difficulty and incursion of non-recoverable
      expenses in locating and obtaining specific ROPS. Despite not currently selling
      or installing ROPS, dealers responded favorably about their future potential role
      in ROPS promotion and sales. Dealers were willing to further promote, sell, and
      install ROPS if there was demand from farmers. Recommendations include
      establishing a ROPS "clearing house" that dealers could contact to facilitate
      locating and obtaining ROPS orders from customers. Additional recommendations
      include education and social marketing targeting farm machinery dealers as well
      farmers, manufacturers, and policy makers.

PMID- 19967911
TI  - Youth living on Hispanic-operated farms: injuries and population estimates in the
      U.S., 2000.
AB  - A dearth of information exists in public health surveillance on the injury burden
      among Hispanic farm youth in the U.S. In this study, data were collected via a
      telephone survey with Hispanic farm operators sampled from the 1991 Census of
      Agriculture active list of farms. There were an estimated 307 nonfatal injuries
      among an estimated 21,631 youth less than 20 years old living on Hispanic
      operated farms in the U.S., 2000. Males accounted for 73% of the injuries and had
      an injury rate of 20.2 compared to 8.2 per 1,000 for females. Injury rates were
      higher for work-related incidents than for nonwork, and this relationship was
      true for both males and females. Work and nonwork injury rates were also similar
      for youth < 10 and 10-15 years old, but for youth 16-19 years of age, the risk of
      injury for work-related incidents was higher than for nonwork. Livestock
      operations had a larger number of injuries and higher injury rates compared to
      crop operations. These data provide previously unavailable descriptive statistics
      for both the nonfatal injury burden and population estimate for youth on Hispanic
      operated farms.

PMID- 19967912
TI  - The 111th Congress and health care reform.

PMID- 19967913
TI  - The roles of the clinical laboratory scientist: educator, consultant, advocate.
AB  - Advances in clinical laboratory medicine have created an opportunity for clinical
      laboratory scientists to assume a new role--the role of educator in the
      integrated healthcare system. A gap created between critical laboratory test
      results and medical decisions requires the translation of laboratory results into
      meaningful clinical guidelines. This article suggests three ways the clinical
      laboratory scientist can fill this gap.

PMID- 19967914
TI  - Clinical Laboratory Tycoon case study: are you management material?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Many clinical laboratory scientists find themselves in a management
      position during their career, but have limited training to assume this role. The
      Clinical Laboratory Tycoon case study was designed to submerge students into the
      laboratory business by having the participant act as a laboratory manager with
      the capacity to make all the decisions about his or her own lab. DESIGN: The
      student participant completed a set of modules that each related to varying
      aspects of managing a laboratory including selecting what tests to offer, hiring
      employees, marketing the services, setting goals, budgeting, and evaluating
      overall success. SETTING: This Clinical Laboratory Tycoon case study was used to
      instruct clinical laboratory science students in a university based clinical
      laboratory science program as part of their seminar in teaching, research, and
      management course. The size of these classes range from ten to twenty students
      and results reported in this paper are collected from a class size of sixteen
      students. The study could also be adapted for use in a hospital based program or
      as continuing education for laboratory employees. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: At the
      conclusion of the study, the student participants reported what they had learned
      during their time as managers and how their perspective changed. CONCLUSION:
      Student participants reported that they gained an understanding and appreciation
      for the responsibilities of the laboratory manager. For some, this study helped
      to define career goals.

PMID- 19967915
TI  - Immunophenotypic analysis of bone marrow B lymphocyte precursors (hematogones) by
      flow cytometry.
AB  - The aims of this flow cytometry study were to quantify B lymphoid precursors
      known as hematogones across age and clinical conditions and to study the
      immunophenotypic profile of these benign immature B cells. A total of 406
      consecutive marrow specimens were analyzed for hematogones using 4-color flow
      cytometry during a 19 month period (60% males and 40% females). The age range was
      3 months to 89 years. Hematogones were present in 80% of the specimens.
      Morphologic analysis of the smears from each patient showed small numbers of
      hematogones (<13% of total cellularity). The B cell population was defined by
      CD19 + CD45 bright positivity, coexpression of other B lineage markers: CD20,
      CD22, CD10, CD29, CD38 and CD58 in addition to HLA-DR and CD34. In our study we
      found a significant decline in hematogones with increasing age but a broad range
      was found at all ages. Marrow from some adults contained relatively high numbers.
      Diagnosis in these patients included cytopenias, infections, and neoplastic
      diseases. Distinction of hematogones is critical for disease management
      particularly after therapy of paediatric B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to
      monitor for minimal residual disease.

PMID- 19967917
TI  - Cardiovascular risk assessment. Introduction.

PMID- 19967916
TI  - Duration of Loxosceles reclusa venom detection by ELISA from swabs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of Loxosceles reclusa envenomations is currently based upon
      clinical presentation. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can detect
      surface Loxosceles venom at the envenomation site, allowing diagnostic
      confirmation. The length of time that venom on the skin is recoverable non
      invasively is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate duration of
      recoverable venom antigen, whole venom and fractionated sphingomyelinase D venom
      aliquots were injected subcutaneously in New Zealand White rabbits. Cotton and
      Dacron swabs were compared for venom recovery over a 21-day period using a
      surface swab technique. RESULTS: Significant amounts of Loxosceles reclusa
      antigen were found on the surface of rabbit skin after experimental injection of
      whole venom and sphingomyelinase D. The duration of recoverable antigen using
      this experimental model appears to be at least two weeks and as long as 21 days
      in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: Because the duration of the recoverable antigen is
      seen to be at least two weeks, the ELISA venom test appears capable of detecting
      venom on most patients presenting with Loxosceles envenomations. This detection
      system will allow the physician more accurate determination of whether the lesion
      is from a brown recluse spider or some other agent that can cause this type of
      necrotic ulcer.

PMID- 19967918
TI  - Genetic markers for coronary artery disease.

PMID- 19967919
TI  - Heart failure and B-type natriuretic protein.

PMID- 19967920
TI  - Hypovitaminosis D: a new risk marker for cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 19967921
TI  - Introductory keynote address. Theiler and the 'Spirit of Onderstepoort'.
AB  - Although Theiler became internationally known for his pioneering veterinary
      research a distant century ago, there are probably few veterinary researchers
      today who have not heard of him. Onderstepoort, the research institute he
      created, is equally well, if not even better, known. Moreover, the name
      Onderstepoort is not only associated with his institute but also with the only
      South African faculty of veterinary science, another Theiler 'baby'. The purpose
      of this presentation is to determine why this was so, and to what extent the fame
      was justified. Was it due to the 'Spirit of Onderstepoort' sometimes referred to
      by Theiler in the early as well as later stages of his career, or was there
      perhaps more to it, and what was Theiler's share in the development of that
      spirit, that fame?

PMID- 19967922
TI  - A brief history of botulism in South Africa.
AB  - When looking back into the history of botulism and contemplating the final
      understanding of the syndrome and the ultimate solutions, there are four facets
      that stand out clearly. The first is that much of the solution was guided by
      astute observations, curious travellers, committed veterinarians and particularly
      farmers themselves who were able to relate the occurrence of the condition to
      climatic and grazing conditions. Secondly, there was the identification of the
      osteophagia and pica syndrome which led to the feeding of bone-meal as a
      successful mitigating measure as well as the establishment that botulism was not
      due to a plant poisoning. Thirdly, the solution of the problem depended on the
      integration of experience and knowledge from diverse disciplines such as soil
      science, animal behaviour and husbandry, nutrition, botany and ultimately
      advanced bacteriology and the science of immunology. Finally it required the
      technical advancement to produce toxoids in large quantities and formulate
      effective aluminium hydroxide precipitated and oil emulsion vaccines.

PMID- 19967923
TI  - Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (lung sickness) in Africa.
AB  - Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) or lung sickness, is an insidious
      pneumonic disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides
      small colony variant (MmmSC) and it is one of the major diseases affecting cattle
      in Africa. With the imminent eradication of rinderpest from Africa (Somali
      ecosystem) CBPP has become the disease of prime concern in terms of epizootics
      that affect cattle on the continent. The control and/or eradication of the
      disease have suffered from unsustained control actions due to lack of operational
      funds to support such actions and deterioration in the quality of veterinary
      services in many countries affected by the disease. Stamping out procedures which
      were adopted by Botswana to control the disease (1995-1997) cannot be carried out
      by many countries currently affected by CBPP due to the high financial cost, the
      widespread nature of disease, animal welfare considerations and the potential
      loss of a valuable genetic resource base. The current scenario of CBPP disease
      epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa requires that proactive measures are taken to
      safeguard countries in southern Africa which are currently free from CBPP from
      being contaminated by the disease thus affecting the beef industry and people's
      livelihoods; and to progressively control the disease in endemic zones of Western
      and Central Africa. This presentation discusses the epidemiology of CBPP in
      Africa, diagnosis of the disease, regional strategies that could be deployed to
      prevent and control the spread of the disease on the continent and research
      thrusts on CBPP.

PMID- 19967924
TI  - Poisonous plants.
AB  - South Africa is blessed with one of the richest floras in the world, which--not
      surprisingly--includes many poisonous plants. Theiler in the founding years
      believed that plants could be involved in the aetiologies of many of the then
      unexplained conditions of stock, such as gousiekte and geeldikkop. His subsequent
      investigations of plant poisonings largely laid the foundation for the future
      Sections of Toxicology at the Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science
      (UP). The history of research into plant poisonings over the last 100 years is
      briefly outlined. Some examples of sustained research on important plant
      poisonings, such as cardiac glycoside poisoning and gousiekte, are given to
      illustrate our approach to the subject and the progress that has been made. The
      collation and transfer of information and the impact of plant poisonings on the
      livestock industry is discussed and possible avenues of future research are
      investigated.

PMID- 19967925
TI  - Assessing the economics of animal trypanosomosis in Africa--history and current
      perspectives.
AB  - Finding appropriate ways of dealing with the problem of tsetse and trypanosomosis
      will be an important component of efforts to alleviate poverty in Africa. This
      article reviews the history of economic analyses of the problem, starting with
      the use of cost to guide choice of technique for tsetse control in the 1950s,
      followed by work in the 1970s and 1980s linking these to the impact of the
      disease on livestock productivity, and in the 1990s to its wider impact. In the
      current situation, with limited resources and a range of techniques for
      controlling or eliminating tsetse, the cost implications of choosing one
      technique or another are important and a recent study reviewed these costs. A
      novel approach to assessing the potential benefits from removing trypanosomosis
      by creating 'money maps' showed that high losses from animal trypanosomosis
      currently occur in areas with high cattle population densities on the margins of
      the tsetse distribution and where animal traction is an important component of
      farming systems. Given the importance of the decisions to be made in the next
      decade, when prioritising and choosing techniques for dealing with tsetse and
      trypanosomosis, more work needs to be done underpinning such mapping exercises
      and estimating the true cost and likely impact of planned interventions.

PMID- 19967926
TI  - Tsetse and trypanosomosis in Africa: the challenges, the opportunities.
AB  - Tsetse-fly and the disease it transmits, trypanosomosis, remain an enormous
      disease challenge in the 37 countries of sub-Saharan Africa where the impact
      continues to be manifest in disease burden, increased level of poverty and
      decreased agricultural productivity. The impact also extends over an estimated 10
      million km2 (a third of the African continent) of land area, a third of which
      contains some well-watered part of the continent, thus denying humans and
      livestock of potentially rich arable and pastureland. The disease is a threat to
      an estimated 50 million people and 48 million cattle with estimated annual losses
      in cattle production alone of 1-1.2 billion US$. These losses are due to stock
      mortality and depressed productivity, which may be of meat, milk, reproduction or
      traction. Beyond its direct effects on humans and livestock is its impact on
      African agriculture and the livelihood of the rural population in the affected
      countries: the fly and the disease influence where people decide to live, how
      they manage their livestock, and the intensity and the mix of crop agriculture.
      The combined effects result in changes in land use and environment which may, in
      turn, affect human welfare and increase the vulnerability of agricultural
      activity. Trypanosomosis is, therefore, both a public health and an agricultural
      development constraint. The challenges that the elimination or control of tsetse
      fly and trypanosomosis pose as well as the opportunities to develop appropriate
      intervention technologies are discussed in this presentation.

PMID- 19967927
TI  - Prospects for controlling trypanosomosis.
AB  - The best technical package for the future comprises trypanocidal drugs for
      temporary relief and the use of insecticide-treated cattle, artificial baits and
      aerial spraying to attack the vector, to so give more lasting security. Whether
      this can speed the previously slow progress will depend on overcoming past
      hindrances to tsetse control: sporadic support, disputes over its desirability,
      difficulties of sustaining international operations, and poor planning in some
      instances. The Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Campaign intends to speed
      the progress but will fail unless it improves its image by breaking its
      association with the sterile insect technique and quickly executing some cheap
      and effective operations in large areas. Even then, there could be severe brakes
      due to Africa's political and financial instability. Overall, the pace of control
      is likely to increase, but perhaps only a little.

PMID- 19967928
TI  - Persistence mechanisms in tick-borne diseases.
AB  - The use of new, highly sensitive diagnostic methods has revealed persistent
      infections to be a common feature of different tick-borne diseases, such as
      babesiosis, anaplasmosis and heartwater. Antigenic variation can contribute to
      disease persistence through the continual elaboration of new surface structures,
      and we know in several instances how this is achieved. Known or suspected
      mechanisms of persistence in babesial parasites include cytoadhesion and rapid
      variation of the adhesive ligand in Babesia bovis and genetic diversity in
      several merozoite stage proteins of different Babesia spp. In Anaplasma,
      extensive variation in the pfam01617 gene family accompanies cycling of organism
      levels in chronic infection. One result from the pioneering research at
      Onderstepoort is the definition of a related polymorphic gene family that is
      likely involved in immunity against heartwater disease. We are beginning to
      understand the sizes of the antigenic repertoires and full definition is close,
      with the possibility of applying simultaneous high-throughput sequencing to the
      order of 1000 small genomes. We also, for the first time, can consider modifying
      these genomes and looking at effects on persistence and virulence. However,
      important biological questions remain unanswered; for example, why we are seeing
      a new emerging Anaplasma infection of humans and is infection of endothelial
      cells by Anaplasma significant to persistence in vivo.

PMID- 19967929
TI  - Canine babesiosis.
AB  - Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease affecting humans and many domestic and wild
      animals. Domestic animals showing appreciable morbidity and mortality include
      dogs, cats, cattle and horses. Both canine and feline babesiosis are diseases
      characterised by haemolytic anaemia, icterus and haemoglobinuria. Canine
      babesiosis can range from chronic or subclinical to peracute and fatal, depending
      on the virulence of the species and the susceptibility of the host. This paper
      deals with canine babesiosis with specific reference to pathogenesis, clinical
      findings, complications, diagnosis and treatment, as well as newly identified
      prognostic factors in Babesia rossi babesiosis.

PMID- 19967930
TI  - A century of tick taxonomy in South Africa.
AB  - Eighty ixodid tick species, 25 argasid tick species and Nuttalliella namaqua
      occur in South Africa. Twenty-one of the 80 ixodid species and two of the argasid
      species occur only in this country, while N. namaqua is present only in South
      Africa and Namibia. Forty-six of the 80 ixodid species and 16 of the 25 argasid
      species as well as N. namaqua have been described as new species since 1908.
      People working in South Africa have written or contributed to the descriptions of
      24 of these 63 new species, while foreign researchers have described the
      remainder. New species indigenous to South Africa are still being discovered,
      while the names of some species, well known because of their veterinary
      importance, have been altered.

PMID- 19967931
TI  - Sir Arnold Theiler and the discovery of anaplasmosis: a centennial perspective.
AB  - Sir Arnold Theiler's research in 1908/09 led to the discovery of the first
      rickettsial pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, and set the stage for his development
      and implementation of an effective live vaccine based on a less virulent strain,
      A. marginale ss. centrale. His 1910 report, describing A. marginale, is among the
      classic monographs in infectious disease research, presenting not only
      observations in exacting detail but also highlighting the deductive reasoning
      leading to association of a new pathogen with a specific disease. With a
      centennial perspective and both conceptual frameworks and molecular tools
      unimaginable in Theiler's time, the significance of several observations in the
      original report--cyclic bacteremia, strain superinfection, and taxonomic position
      -is now clear and highlight the broad applicability of key principles of pathogen
      biology.

PMID- 19967933
TI  - African swine fever.
AB  - African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs that causes
      up to 100% mortality, for which there is no vaccine. It is caused by a unique DNA
      virus that is maintained in an ancient cycle between warthogs and argasid ticks,
      making it the only known DNA arbovirus. ASF has a high potential for
      transboundary spread, and has twice been transported from Africa to other
      continents--Europe and subsequently the Caribbean and Brazil (1957, 1959) and the
      Caucasus (2007). It is also a devastating constraint for pig production in
      Africa. Research at Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute has made and is making
      important contributions to knowledge of this disease, focusing on the cycle in
      warthogs and tampans and transmission from that cycle to domestic pigs,
      resistance to its effects in domestic pigs, and the molecular genetic
      characterisation and epidemiology of the virus.

PMID- 19967932
TI  - Trends in the control of heartwater.
AB  - Heartwater is an economically serious tick-borne disease of ruminants caused by
      the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium. The disease has traditionally
      been controlled by four different approaches: controlling the tick vector by
      dipping, establishing endemic stability, performing immunisation by infection and
      treatment, and preventing the disease by regular administration of prophylactic
      antibiotics. The first three of these methods are subject to failure for various
      epidemiological reasons, and serious disease outbreaks can occur. Prophylaxis is
      effective, but very expensive, and the logistics are daunting when large herds of
      animals are involved. The development of a safe, cheap and effective vaccine is
      the only likely way in which heartwater can be economically controlled, and over
      the past 15 years three new types of experimental vaccine have been developed:
      inactivated, attenuated, and recombinant vaccines. These new vaccines have shown
      varying degrees of promise, but none is as yet sufficiently successful to be
      marketable. We describe the experimental products, and the various technical and
      biological difficulties which are being encountered, and report on ways in which
      new technologies are being used to improve vaccine effectiveness.

PMID- 19967934
TI  - History of bluetongue research at Onderstepoort.
AB  - Research on this economically important disease of ruminants, especially sheep,
      which had been named bluetongue by farmers in the 19th century, has been part and
      parcel of the activities at Onderstepoort ever since its establishment in 1908
      and therefore covers a full century of the OVI's existence. In view of
      Onderstepoort's centenary celebration a brief overview of this research is given
      in terms of the historic milestones which influenced and guided global research
      on this and other viral diseases of animals.

PMID- 19967935
TI  - Veterinary education in Africa: current and future perspectives.
AB  - Veterinary education commenced in South Africa in 1920 at the Onderstepoort
      Veterinary Institute in South Africa in association with the Transvaal University
      College, now the University of Pretoria. Sir Arnold Theiler, Director of
      Veterinary Research and Education, was the first Dean. Today there are 46
      veterinary training institutions in Africa of which 21 are in sub-Saharan Africa.
      Veterinary services are indispensable to the sustained health and wellbeing of
      animals and humans, and agricultural economies of countries worldwide. Veterinary
      education, postgraduate training, and research, and adequate numbers of
      veterinarians, are essential to satisfy the millennium development goals, the
      objectives of NEPAD and the African Union, and the agreements regulating
      international trade. The relevance of the veterinary profession internationally
      is currently subject to profound scrutiny. Its contributions are assessed against
      major environmental, demographic, political, disease, technological and economic
      needs. The scope of veterinary training in future will have to emphasise
      veterinary public health, food safety, emerging diseases, international trade,
      bioterrorism, and biomedical research, within the context of a one-health system
      focusing on the interface between wildlife, domesticated animals, humans, and
      their environment. Within the context of time available, it would mean reducing
      the time allocated to training in the field of companion animals. A brief history
      and scope of veterinary education; current international trends in veterinary
      education and provisioning; and some perspectives on future veterinary training
      and initiatives applicable to Africa are provided.

PMID- 19967936
TI  - Field services: eradication and control of animal diseases.
AB  - Prevention, eradication and control of animal diseases, as well as public health
      assurance are major functions of veterinary authorities. The strategies to
      control animal diseases differ from disease to disease but are often similar on a
      disease basis from country to country depending on the main objective of the
      measure employed. These measures include among others movement control and
      quarantine, vaccination, treatment and mass slaughtering. However, not every
      country uses all these control measures at the same time. A combination of
      measures may be employed to avoid spreading of the disease from infected to clean
      animals and success is dependent on a variety of factors, including the strength
      and capacity of the veterinary services, cross border efforts for disease
      surveillance, political will, diagnostic facilities and financial support.

PMID- 19967937
TI  - The future of private veterinary practice in South Africa.

PMID- 19967938
TI  - Currently important animal disease management issues in sub-Saharan Africa.
AB  - The present international approach to management of transboundary animal diseases
      (TADs) is based on the assumption that most can be eradicated; consequently, that
      is the usual objective adopted by international organizations concerned with
      animal health. However, for sub-Saharan Africa and southern Africa more
      particularly, eradication of most TADs is impossible for the foreseeable future
      for a variety of technical, financial and logistical reasons. Compounding this,
      the present basis for access to international markets for products derived from
      animals requires that the area of origin (country or zone) is free from trade
      influencing TADs. The ongoing development of transfrontier conservation areas
      (TFCAs), extending across huge areas of southern Africa, therefore presents a
      development conundrum because it makes creation of geographic areas free from
      TADs more difficult and brings development based on wildlife conservation on the
      one hand and that based on livestock production on the other into sharp conflict.
      Sub-Saharan Africa is consequently confronted by a complex problem that
      contributes significantly to retarded rural development which, in turn, impedes
      poverty alleviation. In southern Africa specifically, foot-and-mouth disease
      (FMD) presents the greatest problem in relation to access to international
      markets for animal products. However, it is argued that this problem could be
      overcome by a combination between (1) implementation of a commodity-based
      approach to trade in products derived from animals and (2) amendment of the
      international standards for FMD specifically (i.e. the FMD chapter in the
      Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the World Organisation for Animal Health [OIE])
      so that occurrence of SAT serotype viruses in free-living African buffalo need
      not necessarily mean exclusion of areas where buffalo occur from international
      markets for animal products. This would overcome a presently intractable
      constraint to market access for southern African countries and enable
      conservation and livestock production to be more effectively integrated, to the
      benefit of both.

PMID- 19967939
TI  - More appropriate disease control policies for the developing world.
AB  - Investment in disease control should be targeted to critical points that provide
      the greatest benefit to the livelihoods of livestock-dependent stakeholders. Risk
      based targeting should balance the impacts of diseases against the feasibility of
      their control. This requires sensitive and specific surveillance systems that
      provide representative overviews of the animal health situation for accurate
      assessment of disease impact and transmission patterns. Assessment of impact
      should include household and market effects. The key in surveillance is involving
      livestock owners using active methods that ensure their disease priorities are
      addressed. Epidemiological targeting of interventions to critical points in
      disease transmission cycles should be done to obtain maximal disease reduction.
      Interventions should be delivered in full partnership with both private and
      community-based stakeholders to assure high uptake and sustainability. In
      developing countries, approaches such as participatory disease surveillance and
      community-based animal health programs have been effective and comply with
      international animal health standards.

PMID- 19967940
TI  - The role of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to facilitate the
      international trade in animals and animal products.
AB  - The international trade in animals and animal products has become a sensitive
      issue for both developed and developing countries by posing an important risk for
      the international spread of animal and human pathogens whilst at the same time
      being an essential activity to ensure world-wide food security and food safety.
      The OIE has since its founding in 1924, applied a democratic and transparent
      decision-making process to continuously develop and review international
      standards for animal health and zoonoses to facilitate trade in animals and
      animal products. The role of the OIE is also mandated by the World Trade
      Organization (WTO) as international reference point for standards related to
      animal health. In support of its overall objective of promoting animal health
      world-wide, the OIE has also launched several other initiatives such as the
      improvement of the governance of veterinary services within its member countries
      and territories and to enhance the availability of diagnostic and scientific
      expertise on a more even global geographical distribution. Several trade
      facilitating concepts such as country, zonal and compartment freedom from disease
      as well the trade in disease free commodities has been introduced to enhance the
      trade in animals and animal products for all its members including those from
      developing and transitional countries who are still in the process of enhancing
      to full compliance with international sanitary standards.

PMID- 19967941
TI  - Livestock policy and trade issues in SADC.
AB  - As from 2001, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has embarked on a
      course to deepen regional integration through restructuring. Under the new
      structure SADC has centralised the coordination of its activities to the
      Secretariat in Gaborone. The former Sector Coordinating Units have been merged
      into four directorates, one of which is the Food, Agriculture and Natural
      Resources (FANR) Directorate, which comprises, amongst others, the Livestock
      Development Unit (LDU). The LDU, under the aegis of the FANR, formulates policies
      for regional livestock development in order to respond to the objectives of the
      Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP), and which are mainly to:
      Contribute to improved food security, Promote wealth creation, Enhance rural
      livelihood, Enhance livestock as a tradable and consumable commodity. Following
      the launch of the SADC Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations, the
      eight SADC EPA member states identified sanitary and phytosanitary and technical
      barriers to trade to be major trade barriers for access to international markets,
      especially the EU market where standards are normally set beyond international
      standards. SADC has already brought some of the issues related to beef exports to
      the OIE Regional Commission for Africa as SADC member states feel that a few of
      the present requirements do not have a scientific basis. The paper discusses the
      process that the LDU follows in the formulation of policies and strategies in
      regional livestock development with the objective of bolstering intra and extra
      regional trade in livestock and livestock products.

PMID- 19967942
TI  - Improved management of drugs, hormones and pesticides in Africa.
AB  - Drugs, hormones and pesticides are chemical compounds used for alleviation of
      various diseases in animals. There are many classes of drugs which have been used
      and in the case of natural steroid hormones these have been used to increase mass
      gain by stimulating protein anabolism. Pesticides have been used for many years
      in the control of ectoparasites which transmit important human and livestock
      diseases. The purpose of the present article is to review procedures for
      management of veterinary products to facilitate national and international trade.
      These compounds and/or their metabolites have the potential to cause undesirable
      health effects to either target animals or consumers. Most African countries do
      not have competent authorities to conduct risk analysis for veterinary drug and
      pesticide residues in edible tissues. Because of the possible undesirable health
      effects from residues of veterinary compounds, the FAO/WHO established expert
      groups to establish acceptable daily intake and maximum residue levels (MRLs) for
      each drug or pesticide. In the case of natural steroids like oestradiol,
      progesterone and testosterone implants, no withdrawal period is required since
      there is no risk to the consumer. Bulls can have levels of testosterone ranging
      from 535-10,950 pg/g, heifers 92-250 and treated steers 100 pg/g, respectively.
      Data to enable approval of drugs and pesticides is to a large extent similar and
      include toxicity studies, reproductive studies, stability studies, safety,
      efficacy, tissue residue depletion studies and environmental impact. Good
      practice in the use of acaricides as indicated on the label is inevitable so that
      residue levels of these compounds remain below the specified MRL. Enactment and
      enforcement of legislations by various countries for the control of registration,
      sale, distribution and usage of ethical products should be enforced including use
      of prescriptions by veterinarians. Good practice in the use of veterinary drugs
      is the recommended or authorized usage of drugs. It should be enforced to ensure
      safe animal products for human consumption and to facilitate regional or
      international trade. In conclusion, for efficient production of animal protein
      from food producing animals all veterinary products should be approved prior to
      use, residue monitoring programs should be implemented; veterinarians and
      producers must use these compounds prudently using recommended good practices.

PMID- 19967943
TI  - [Scaremongering propaganda about mammography].

PMID- 19967944
TI  - [The grand old man of Swedish health care Lars Werko is dead].

PMID- 19967945
TI  - [Tailored drug therapy in heart failure--a future vision. Biological markers can
      support individually directed treatment].

PMID- 19967946
TI  - [Rectal thermometers still best for body temperature measurement. Comparative
      study of tympanic and oral thermometers].

PMID- 19967947
TI  - [Connections between risk factors and complications in diabetes. A report after
      13 years with the National Diabetes Registry (NDR)].

PMID- 19967948
TI  - [Mobile intensive care group for better patient monitoring and secure personnel].

PMID- 19967950
TI  - [Never events--avoidable incidents the health care itself must reimburse.
      Incitement for better care].

PMID- 19967949
TI  - [Consultation a requirement in palliative care. A close dialogue is the basis of
      good symptom relief and safety].

PMID- 19967951
TI  - [There are tools, and the platform holds--but the knowledge basis for health
      priorities is fragile].

PMID- 19967952
TI  - [Important to scrutinize alarming findings about neuroleptics and brain atrophy].

PMID- 19967953
TI  - ["The physician has followed the requirements of the medical records law"].

PMID- 19967954
TI  - [The Swedish Medical Association has an undivided high engagement in the climate
      issue].

PMID- 19967955
TI  - [Medical terminology is not just a matter of pedantry].

PMID- 19967956
TI  - [Health care and morals].

PMID- 19967957
TI  - [A forgotten theory about the cause of hydrocephalus].

PMID- 19967958
TI  - [Follow up the specialists continuous education].

PMID- 19967959
TI  - [Physicians' engagement against the increasing greenhouse effect is needed].

PMID- 19967960
TI  - [Patients with angiopathy of renal arteries. Treat all--and treat them right!].

PMID- 19967961
TI  - [Fibromuscular dysplasia--angiopathy that most commonly affects renal arteries.
      Good results of angioplasty when drug therapy cannot control the hypertension].

PMID- 19967962
TI  - [Treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Low dosage ACE inhibitors
      and angiotensin-receptor blockers are justified in certain cases].

PMID- 19967963
TI  - [Antipsychotic agents are best chosen by their adverse effect profile].

PMID- 19967964
TI  - [New medical education programme at Karolinska Institute. The profession in focus
      and the research process as a pedagogical basis].

PMID- 19967966
TI  - [Honest information about mammography screening, please!].

PMID- 19967965
TI  - [Serotonergic syndrome in combination of linezolid (Zyvixid) and SSRI].

PMID- 19967967
TI  - [Important to keep the principle of value-based pricing of drugs].

PMID- 19967968
TI  - [Does not arthroscopic meningeal surgery have its given place?].

PMID- 19967969
TI  - [An interesting footnote].

PMID- 19967970
TI  - [Relatives and the meeting with living death].

PMID- 19967971
TI  - Ring B aromatic steroids from an endophytic fungus, Colletotrichum sp.
AB  - The new (22E,24R)-3-acetoxy-19(10-->6)-abeo-ergosta-5,7,9,22-tetraen-3beta-ol (1)
      and the known (22E,24R)-19(10-->6)-abeo-ergosta-5,7,9,22-tetraen-3beta-ol (2),
      two interesting ergosteroids with rare aromatized ring B, together with seven
      known derivatives, namely (22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol (3), (22E,24R)
      ergosta-4,7,22-trien-3-one (4), (22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5),
      (22E,24R)-5alpha,8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol (6), (22E,24R)-ergosta
      7,22-dien-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (7), (22E,24R)-6-acetoxy-ergosta-7,22-dien
      3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (8), and (22E,24R)-3,6-diacetoxy-ergosta-7,22-dien
      3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (9), were isolated from Colletotrichum sp., an
      endophytic fungus isolated from Ilex canariensis from Gomera. The structures of
      these compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, comparison
      with reported data, and chemical interconversion. The isolation of these
      metabolites not only displays a beautiful array of chemical diversity, but also
      gives insight into the biosynthetic interconnections. Preliminary studies showed
      antimicrobial activity of these compounds against the fungus Microbotryum
      violaceum, the alga Chlorella fusca, and the bacteria Escherichia coli and
      Bacillus megaterium.

PMID- 19967972
TI  - Antimicrobial compounds from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. Ppf4 isolated
      from the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
AB  - Two sterols and one fatty acid were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation
      from the light petroleum extract of the fungus Fusarium sp. Ppf4 isolated from
      the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis Hand.-Mazz., a medicinal
      species distributed in the southwest of China. The compounds were elucidated as
      5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (1), ergosta-8(9), 22-dien
      3beta, 5alpha, 6beta, 7alpha-tetraol (2), and butanedioic acid (3), respectively,
      by means of physical and spectrometric analysis. Both fungal spore germination
      and micro-dilution-MTT assays were employed to evaluate their antimicrobial
      activity. Compound 1 was found to be the most bioactive, and compound 3 less
      active against the test pathogens. This is the first report of the antimicrobial
      activity of the compounds isolated from the endophytic Fusarium sp. Ppf4
      associated with P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The results provide promising
      baseline information for the potential use of the compounds of this endophytic
      fungus as an antimicrobial agent to control plant and animal diseases.

PMID- 19967973
TI  - Enhancement of diosgenin production in Dioscorea zingiberensis cell culture by
      oligosaccharide elicitor from its endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17.
AB  - Diosgenin accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.
      H. Wright was enhanced by treatment with saccharide elicitors from its endophytic
      fungus Fusarium oxysporum isolate Dzf17. The crude oligosaccharide was prepared
      by partial acid hydrolysis of the isolated Dzf17 fungal cell wall fragments.
      Optimal elicitation of diosgenin production by the isolated Dzf17 oligosaccharide
      in cell suspension culture was achieved when the oligosaccharide was added to the
      medium at a concentration of 30 mg/L after 16-day's continuous cell suspension
      culture, and the cells were cultured for another 8 days before harvesting. By
      using these optimal conditions, the diosgenin yield of the cultured cells reached
      its maximum of 5.25 mg/L, which was over a three-fold increase.

PMID- 19967974
TI  - New polyketides from the marine-derived fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae.
AB  - The fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae is an endophyte of the marine alga Ceramium
      sp. Investigation of this marine-derived fungus led to the isolation of the new
      natural products spartinol A (1), B (2), C (3) and D (4). The structures of these
      closely related compounds were established from extensive spectroscopic
      investigations. Compound 3 showed weak inhibition of human leukocyte elastase
      (HLE).

PMID- 19967975
TI  - Spirobisnaphthalenes from the endophytic fungus Dzf12 of Dioscorea zingiberensis
      and their antimicrobial activities.
AB  - Five spirobisnaphthalenes, namely palmarumycin CP17 (1), diepoxin kappa (2),
      diepoxin eta (3), diepoxin xi (4), and diepoxin gamma (5), were isolated from the
      endophytic fungus Dzf12 associated with the medicinal plant Dioscorea
      zingiberensis C. H. Wright. Their structures were identified by physicochemical
      and spectrometric analysis. Among these spirobisnaphthalenes, 2 was found to have
      antibacterial activity, and the mixture of 3 and 4 was detected to have both
      antibacterial and antifungal activities.

PMID- 19967976
TI  - Cytotoxic metabolites produced by Alternaria no.28, an endophytic fungus isolated
      from Ginkgo biloba.
AB  - From the medicinal plant Ginkgo biloba the fungal endophyte Alternaria no.28 was
      isolated. Extract of the fungus grown in liquid culture media exhibited marked
      cytotoxic activity when tested in vitro against brine shrimp (Artemia salina).
      Eight compounds were isolated from the extract of cultures of this endophytic
      fungus and were elucidated as alterperylenol (1), altertoxin I (2), alternariol
      (3), alternariol monomethyl ether (4), tenuazonic acid (5) and its derivative
      (6), together with ergosterol and ergosta-4, 6, 8, 22-tetraen-3-one by means of
      spectroscopic analysis. Among them, both 5 and 6 showed significant cytotoxic
      effects in the brine shrimp bioassy, with mortality rates of 73.6% and 68.9%,
      respectively, at a concentration of 10 microg x mL(-1), and they were first
      isolated from endophytic fungi.

PMID- 19967977
TI  - Perylene derivatives produced by Alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus
      isolated from Laurencia species.
AB  - Two new perylene derivatives, 7-epi-8-hydroxyaltertoxin I (1) and 6-epi
      stemphytriol (2), along with two known compounds stemphyperylenol (3) and
      altertoxin I (4) were isolated from Alternaria alternata, a marine endophytic
      fungus derived from an unidentified algal species of the genus Laurencia.
      Structures of compounds 1-4 were determined on the basis of detailed
      spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with literature reports. The
      antimicrobial activities of compounds 1 and 3 against Staphylococcus aureus,
      Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger were evaluated; neither showed obvious
      activity.

PMID- 19967978
TI  - Secondary metabolites from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. (SBE
      8).
AB  - A new metabolite, 7-hydroxyjanthinone (1), was isolated from the mangrove
      endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. (SBE-8), together with two known compounds,
      janthinone (2) and citrinin (3). The structures of these compounds were
      identified by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 showed no cytotoxicity
      against KB and KBv cell lines when tested by the MTT method, but compound 3 was
      weakly active.

PMID- 19967979
TI  - Chemical constituents of the endophytic fungus Lecythophora sp. isolated from
      Alyxia reinwardtii.
AB  - Seven compounds, (2R)-3-(2-hydroxypropyl)-benzene-1,2-diol (1), kojic acid (2), 7
      O-acetyl-kojic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), emodine (5), 7-chloroemodine
      (6), and ergosterol-5,8-peroxide (7) were isolated from the endophytic fungus
      Lecythophora sp. (specimen codes 30.1 and 30.5), which were isolated from Alyxia
      reinwardtii (Apocynaceae).

PMID- 19967980
TI  - A new 5-acyl-2-methylpyrrole from the endophytic fungus S20 of Cephalotaxus
      hainanensis.
AB  - A new 5-acyl-2-methylpyrrole, isolated from the endophytic fungus S20 of
      Cephalotaxus hainanensis, was elucidated as 1-(5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2
      ((2S*,3R*)-3-((E)-prop-1-enyl)oxiran-2-yl)ethanone (1) on the basis of
      spectroscopic evidence, including 1D- and 2D-NMR (HMQC, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC and
      ROESY) and MS analysis. Compound 1 showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus
      aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus by the filter paper disc agar
      diffusion method.

PMID- 19967981
TI  - Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the volatile oils
      from Gliomastix murorum and Pichia guilliermondii, two endophytic fungi in Paris
      polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
AB  - Volatile oils were obtained by hydro-distillation from Gliomastix murorum and
      Pichia guilliermondii, two endophytic fungi isolated from the traditional Chinese
      medicinal herb Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The oils were analyzed for
      their chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
      Palmitic acid (15.5%), (E)-9-octadecenoic acid (11.6%), 6-pentyl-5,6-dihydropyran
      2-one (9.7%), and (7Z,10Z)-7,10- hexadecadienoic acid (8.3%) were the major
      compounds of the 40 identified components in G. murorum volatile oil. 1,1,3a,7
      Tetramethyl-1a,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7b-octahydro-1H-cyclopropa[a]- naphthalene (25.9%),
      palmitic acid (15.5%), 1-methyl-2,4-di- (prop-1-en-2-yl)-1- vinylcyclohexane
      (7.9%), (E)-9-octadecenoic acid (7.3%), and (9E,12E)-ethyl-9,12-octadecadienoate
      (5.2%) were the major compounds of the 27 identified components in P.
      guilliermondii volatile oil. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the volatile
      oils was also investigated to evaluate their efficacy against six bacteria and
      one phytopathogenic fungus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of
      the volatile oils against the test bacteria ranged from 0.20 mg/mL to 1.50 mg/mL.
      One of the most sensitive bacteria was Xanthomonas vesicatoria with an MIC of
      0.20 mg/mL and 0.40 mg/mL for G. murorum and P. guilliermondii, respectively. The
      mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the volatile oils against spore
      germination of Magnaporthe oryzae was 0.84 mg/mL for G. murorum and 1.56 mg/mL
      for P. guilliermondii. These results indicated that the volatile oils from the
      endophytic fungi have strong antimicrobial activity and could be a potential
      source of antimicrobial ingredients.

PMID- 19967982
TI  - Anti-insect secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes of conifer trees.
AB  - Choristoneura fumiferana is the most economically-important insect pest in
      eastern North America. Historically, strategies to control epidemics have relied
      on chemical pesticides that are no longer approved for use. The presence of
      fungal endophytes in cool area grass species and their role in reducing the
      impact of herbivorous insects is well understood. Recent work has demonstrated
      that foliar endophytes of conifers also produce anti-insect toxins. Field and
      nursery studies testing trees infected with the rugulosin producing endophyte
      Phialocephala scopiformis reduced the growth and development of C. fumiferana.
      The study of foliar endophytes from a variety of conifers including: Picea
      mariana, P. rubens and P. glauca as well as Abies balsamea and Larix laricina for
      the discovery of other anti-insect toxins are discussed. These endophytes are
      horizontally transmitted thus they are not present in nursery seedlings.
      Inoculating seedlings with toxigenic endophyte strains has been demonstrated to
      be effective in providing the tree with tolerance to herbivorous insects.

PMID- 19967983
TI  - Unlocking fungal cryptic natural products.
AB  - Recent published sequencing of fungal genomes has revealed that these
      microorganisms have a surprisingly large number of secondary metabolite pathways
      that can serve as potential sources for new and useful natural products. Most of
      the secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis pathways are currently unknown,
      possibly because they are produced in very small amounts and are thus difficult
      to detect or are produced only under specific conditions. Elucidating these
      fungal metabolites will require new molecular genetic tools, better understanding
      of the regulation of secondary metabolism, and state of the art analytical
      methods. This review describes recent strategies to mine the cryptic natural
      products and their biosynthetic pathways in fungi.

PMID- 19967984
TI  - Chemical and functional diversity of natural products from plant associated
      endophytic fungi.
AB  - This review describes examples of naturally occurring bioactive compounds
      obtained from fungal endophytes from various host plants. The main topics
      addressed are sources, identification, biological activity, biosynthesis, and
      ecological and chemosystematic significance of those bioactive compounds whose
      sources were well defined.

PMID- 19967985
TI  - Suppression of linalool acetate production in Lavandula x intermedia.
AB  - Linalool acetate, one of the major constituent of several essential oils, is heat
      labile and decomposes upon exposure to the high injector temperature during gas
      chromatography. Here we report the development of an improved method for
      detection of this compound by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) using
      cold on-column injection of the sample. By using this sensitive method, it has
      been demonstrated that a lavandin (L. x intermedia) mutant accumulates trace
      quantities of linalool acetate and camphor and higher amounts of cineole and
      borneol compared to its parent. This plant, which very likely carries a point
      mutation in one or more of the genes involved in essential oil production,
      provides a unique tool for investigating regulation of essential oil biogenesis
      in plants.

PMID- 19967986
TI  - Preparation and absolute configuration of (1R,4R)-(+)-3-oxo-, (1S,4S)-(-)-3-oxo-
      and (1R,3S,4R)-(+)-3-acetyloxy-5-oxo-1 ,8-cineole.
AB  - Enantiomerically pure (1S,4S)-(-)-3-oxo-1,8-cineole (-)-2 and (1R,4R)-(+)-3-oxo
      1,8-cineole (+)-2 were prepared for the first time and their absolute
      configurations assigned by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) measurements.
      Thus, treatment of cineole 1 with chromyl acetate gave rac-2 which after sodium
      borohydride reduction and acetylation provided racemic 3-endo-acetyloxy-1,8
      cineole, rac-4. Enantioselective hydrolysis using porcine liver esterase (PLE)
      gave a mixture of 3-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (-)-3 and 3-endo-acetyloxy-1,8
      cineole (+)-4. After chromatographic separation, (-)-3 was oxidized to (+)-2,
      while (+)-4 was hydrolysed to (+)-3 and then oxidized to (-)-2. The absolute
      configuration of either ketone 2 was established by VCD spectroscopy in
      combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/DGDZVP
      level of theory, from where it followed that the (+)-2 enantiomer corresponds to
      (1R,4R)-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and the (-)-2 enantiomer
      to the (1S,4S) molecule which is also in agreement with the absolute
      configuration deduced by the Mosher method for the starting chiral alcohols. Some
      literature inconsistencies are clarified. In addition, the enantiomerically pure
      monoester (1S,3S,4R,5R)-(-)-3-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-1,8-cineole 6 and the ketoester
      (1R,3S,4R)-(+)-3-acetyloxy-5-oxo-1,8-cineole 7 were prepared from meso-diacetate
      5 by enantioselective asymmetrization also using PLE.

PMID- 19967987
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of seco-entkaurenes from Croton caracasana on human cancer
      cell lines.
AB  - In the course of searching for bioactive compounds from Croton species from
      Venezuela, two seco-entkaurenes isolated from flowers of Croton caracasana were
      evaluated in vitro for their effect on cell viability by the standard MTT assay
      in nine human cancer cell lines of different origins and one primary culture.
      Both compounds induced cytotoxicity in the range of 2 to 25 microM for caracasine
      and 0.8 to 12 microM for caracasine acid. However, for the normal fibroblasts and
      the cell lines, HeLa, MCF-7, PC-3, LoVo, X-17, Jurkat E6.1 and Jurkat JCaM1.6,
      the IC50 values of caracasine acid were lower than their counterparts.
      Interestingly, no differences in IC50 were recorded for the leukemic cell lines
      U937 and K562. It can be concluded that the acid moiety in the structure enhances
      the cytotoxic effect of caracasine by a pathway which seems not to be activated
      in the leukemic cell lines tested.

PMID- 19967988
TI  - Analytical aspects of diterpene alkaloid poisoning with monkshood.
AB  - A sensitive and specific method for aconitine extraction from biological samples
      was developed. Aconitine, the main toxic alkaloid from plants belonging to
      Aconitum species (family Ranunculaceae), was determined in plant material by an
      external standard method, and by a standard addition calibration method in
      biological fluids. Described here is one fatal case and five intoxications of
      accidental aconitine poisoning following the ingestion of aconite mistaken for an
      edible grass, Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fernald, "mountain asparagus", and
      Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallroth. The aconitine content in urine was in the range
      2.94 microg/mL (dead patient)-0.20 microg/mL (surviving patients), which was
      almost two to four times higher than that in plasma.

PMID- 19967989
TI  - Oxidative stability and alpha-tocopherol retention in soybean oil with lemon seed
      extract (Citrus limon) under thermoxidation.
AB  - The synergistic effect of lemon seed extract with tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)
      in soybean oil subjected to thermoxidation by Rancimat was investigated, and the
      influence of these antioxidants on a-tocopherol degradation in thermoxidized
      soybean oil. Control, LSE (2400 mg/kg Lemon Seed Extract), TBHQ (50 mg/kg),
      Mixture 1 (LSE + 50 mg/kg TBHQ) and Mixture 2 (LSE + 25 mg/kg TBHQ) were
      subjected to 180 degrees C for 20 h. Samples were taken at time 0, 5, 10, 15 and
      20 h intervals and analysed for oxidative stability and alpha-tocopherol content.
      LSE and Mixtures 1 and 2 showed the capacity of retarding lipid oxidation when
      added to soya oil and also contributed to alpha-tocopherol retention in oil
      heated at high temperatures. However, Mixtures 1 and 2 added to the oil presented
      a greater antioxidant power, consequently proving the antioxidants synergistic
      effect.

PMID- 19967990
TI  - Isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata active against plant microbial
      pathogens.
AB  - Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of the whole plant of Macleaya
      cordata R. Br. led to the isolation of four alkaloids, which were identified as
      sanguinarine (1), chelerythrine (2), protopine (3) and alpha-allocryptopine (4)
      on the basis of their physicochemical and spectrometric data. Compounds 1 and 2
      demonstrated a significant antifungal activity against the six test fungi with
      median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.47 to 6.13 microg/mL.
      Compound 1 was the most effective with an IC50 of 0.47 microg/mL on Rhizoctonia
      solani. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 also demonstrated strong antibacterial
      activity, with IC50 values ranging from 5.01 to 11.3 microg/mL, and minimum
      inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 8.0 to 32.0 microg/mL. This is the
      first report on the activity of the alkaloids from M. cordata against
      economically important phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.

PMID- 19967991
TI  - Antioxidant principles of Tanacetum vulgare L. aerial parts.
AB  - The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) and
      its fractions were investigated for antioxidant activity. The crude extract
      displayed DPPH radical scavenging effects with an EC50 value of 37 +/- 1.2
      microg/mL (n=3). Activity-guided fractionations of the crude extract resulted in
      the isolation of three antioxidant compounds; 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5
      DCQA), axillarin and luteolin. 3,5-DCQA was the major constituent with
      antioxidant activity (IC50 = 9.7 microM) comparable with that of the standard
      quercetin (IC50 = 8.8 microM). Though the isolated compounds were previously
      known for their antioxidant effects, this is the first report on the
      identification of 3,5-DCQA from Tanacetum vulgare. The displayed potent
      antioxidant activity of the crude extract and isolated active principles is in
      support of the traditional medicinal uses of the plant for disease conditions
      such as wound healing, rheumatic arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

PMID- 19967992
TI  - Antioxidant activity and chemical composition of Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii
      seed.
AB  - Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii is an endemic tree species in China, seeds of which
      are used as a popular snack, possessing beneficial effects on preventing
      angiosclerosis and coronary heart diseases. In this study, antioxidant activity
      and chemical constituents of T. grandis cv. Merrillii seed (TGMS) were
      investigated. The antioxidant activity of different fractions and the ethanol
      extract was evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical
      scavenging capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation
      assays. The oil, CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions, and ethanol extract of TGMS all
      showed antioxidant activities in these models, especially the DPPH one. By GC-MS
      analysis, twenty-seven constituents were identified from the oil fraction of
      TGMS. The total content of phenolic compounds in the CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions
      and ethanol extract was also determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method as 17.6,
      21.6 and 12.9 microg/mg, respectively. In addition, analysis of the CH2Cl2
      fraction yielded four phenolic compounds: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxy
      pyrocatechol, coniferyl aldehyde, 4-hydroxy cinnamaldehyde, and two steroids,
      beta-sitosterol and daucosterol. These results provide scientific support for the
      empirical use of TGMS as a medicinal food for cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 19967993
TI  - Two new lignans from the fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera.
AB  - Two new lignans, (8R,8'R)-8- hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-7
      oxolignan (1) and (7'R,8'S)-3,4-methylenedioxy-3',4'-dimethoxy -7,8-seco-7,7'
      epoxylignan-7,8-dione (2), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fruits of
      Schisandra sphenanthera, along with ten known compounds. The structures of these
      compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS analysis. This is the first
      report of the occurrence of secolignans in Schisandra.

PMID- 19967994
TI  - Phenacetin isolated from Bursera grandifolia, a herbal remedy with antipyretic
      properties.
AB  - Bursera grandifolia and other related species have been used in traditional
      herbal medicine in Mexico and other Latin American countries for their analgesic,
      antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. From the chloroform extract of
      leaves of B. grandifolia, a substance was isolated and identified as phenacetin,
      a well known compound with widely tested analgesic and antipyretic properties.
      The structural identity of the compound was elucidated on the basis of chemical
      and spectroscopic evidence and by comparison with an authentic sample.

PMID- 19967995
TI  - Different isolation methods for determination of composition of volatiles from
      Nigella damascena L. seeds.
AB  - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from seeds of Nigella damascena L. were
      isolated using different techniques. The yield, as well as the qualitative and
      quantitative composition of the oils, was strongly influenced by the isolation
      method. In the hydrodistilled essential oil, the major components were the
      sesquiterpene hydrocarbons beta-elemene (59.1%), beta-selinene (12.8%) and alpha
      selinene (12.6%). Conventional solvent extraction, followed by hydrodistillation,
      resulted in a volatile oil with a different composition than that of the
      hydrodistilled oil. The extracted oils predominantly contained sesquiterpene
      hydrocarbons, but also methyl anthranilate derivatives. By means of HS-SPME, it
      was possible to analyze not only sesquiterpenes and anthranilates, but also
      monoterpenes and the most volatile compounds, for example, the lower fatty acid
      (butyric, capronic) esters, which determine the characteristic sweet scent of N.
      damascena seeds. Using all testing methods, 55 compounds were identified, 40 of
      which are new for N. damascena seed VOCs.

PMID- 19967996
TI  - Composition of diethyl ether flower extracts of Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. &
      Paxton (caprifoliaceae).
AB  - GC and GC-MS analyses of two diethyl ether extracts of Lonicera fragrantissima
      flowers (extraction times 1 and 20 days) enabled the identification of 61
      components that represented ca. 90% of the extract volatiles. 10-Nonacosanol
      (18.1-24.1%), nonacosane (14.4-15.0%) and the rather rare long-chained fatty acid
      hexyl esters (octadecanoate, eicosanoate, docosanoate, tetracosanoate,
      hexacosanoate, octacosanoate and triacontanoate, in total 19.1-19.5%) were among
      the main constituents of both extracts. However, a number of differences were
      observed in the chemical composition of the 1 and 20 day extracts, the relative
      percentage of the iridoid loganetin being the most striking (19.1 and 2.1%,
      respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the GC
      behavior of loganetin. It seems that this and the long-chain fatty acid hexyl
      esters could have chemotaxonomic significance at the generic level.

PMID- 19967997
TI  - Influence of growth phase and geographic origin on the essential oil composition
      of Pituranthos chloranthus from Tunisia.
AB  - The chemical compositions of the essential oils of Pituranthos chloranthus
      harvested at the vegetative, flower budding, flowering and fruiting stages from
      three distinct geographical areas of Tunisia were investigated using GC-FID and
      GC-MS. One hundred and fifty compounds were identified in which alpha-pinene,
      beta-pinene, alpha-phellandrene, beta-myrcene, beta-phellandrene, p-cymene, 8
      methyldecanal, exo-2-hydroxycineole acetate and carvacrol could reach more than
      10% of the total amount. However, this composition varied with respect to both
      the geographical area and the season. A clear discrimination of samples could be
      achieved by submitting the results to PLS discriminant analysis. p-Cymenene was
      only detected at the floral budding stage (February), whereas high amounts of exo
      2-hydroxycineole and exo-2-hydroxycineole acetate were specific for the flowering
      period (April). Carvacrol was showed to be characteristic mainly of the fruiting
      period (August), whereas the vegetative state (November) could be distinguished
      from the others by the presence of alpha- and beta-pinene. Limonene, camphene,
      geraniol and beta-damascenone were likely to be specific for the essential oils
      of this species collected from the different regions of Tunisia.

PMID- 19967998
TI  - Characterization of mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) essential oil. Determination
      of volatiles, non-volatiles, physico-chemical indices and enantiomeric ratios.
AB  - An investigation of 27 samples of mandarin essential oils (Citrus deliciosa
      Tenore), industrially produced in Sicily during the 2007-2008 season, was
      performed to determine the composition of the volatile fraction by GC/FID and
      GC/MS-LRI, the enantiomeric distribution of some monoterpene hydrocarbons and
      linalol by Es-GC, the non-volatile oxygen heterocyclic components by RP-HPLC/PDA
      and the physico-chemical indices (relative density, refractive index, optical
      rotation, residue on evaporation, and UV spectroscopic CD value). This study up
      dates the information available in the literature on Sicilian mandarin (C.
      deliciosa Ten.) essential oils, and provides information on the composition and
      quality parameters for the evaluation of this product.

PMID- 19967999
TI  - Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of
      Monticalia andicola (Asteraceae) collected in Venezuela.
AB  - The essential oil from the leaves of Monticalia andicola Turcz., collected in
      November 2008, was analyzed by GC/MS. A yield of 0.15% oil was obtained by
      hydrodistillation. Thirty-six components were identified by comparison of their
      mass spectra with those in the Wiley GC-MS Library data base. The major
      components were alpha-pinene (19.6%), beta-pinene (10.5%), alpha-longipinene
      (6.5%), delta-3-carene (6.2%), cyperene (5.4%) and beta-phellandrene (5.2%). The
      antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against Gram- positive
      (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram
      negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 23357,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bacteria, using the disc diffusion agar
      method. The results showed a broad spectrum of activity with minimal inhibitory
      concentration (MIC) values ranging from 10 to 150 microg/mL.

PMID- 19968000
TI  - Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Bupleurum
      montanum and B. plantagineum.
AB  - The hydrodistilled oils from the aerial parts of Bupleurum montanum and B.
      plantagineum, which are endemic to North Africa, including Algeria, were analyzed
      by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ninety-eight compounds were
      detected in the oil of B. montanum, representing 98.6% of the total oil, and 68
      in the oil of B. plantagineum, representing 99.8% of the total. Megastigma-4,6
      (E),8(2)-triene was the major constituent of B. montana oil (25.3%). Other
      important compounds were myrcene, alpha-pinene and benzyl tiglate. Conversely,
      the major constituents of the oil of B. plantagineum were alpha-pinene (31.9%),
      cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (28.2%), and myrcene (24.8%), followed by the
      monoterpene hydrocarbon limonene (5.1%). The mutagenic, antiplasmodial and
      antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were individually evaluated
      against eleven microorganisms, using the agar diffusion method, by determination
      of MIC values. The investigated oils exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity.
      Maximum activity of the oils was observed against Nocardia asteroides,
      Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Fungicidal activity against
      Candida albicans was also found for both oils.

PMID- 19968001
TI  - Molecular pharmacognosy: a new borderline discipline.
AB  - Pharmacognosy has developed rapidly in recent years and now represents a highly
      interdisciplinary science. At the boundary between pharmacognosy and molecular
      biology, molecular pharmacognosy has developed as a new borderline discipline.
      Using the method and technology of molecular biology, molecular pharmacognosy
      focuses on resolving a wide range of challenging problems, such as distinguishing
      herbal and animal drug populations by molecular marker assay, conserving and
      utilizing wild resources on the basis of knowledge of genetic diversity,
      investigating the mechanism of active compound accumulation and obtaining new
      resources with higher quality through genetic engineering. Recent research
      results show that molecular pharmacognosy has extended the scope of
      pharmacognostical science and plays an important role in the safe and efficient
      usage of crude drugs.

PMID- 19968002
TI  - [The numerus clausus system of the French medical training (1967-2009)].
AB  - Medical schools in France are all state-owned or state-controlled. Prior to the
      70's, admission is open to all "bacheliers", i.e. the teenagers who have
      successfully completed their secondary schooling. For various reasons, the number
      of these newcomers was soaring starting the mid-60's. About 6 years later, the
      boom reached those who were in residency and 2-3 years later the move became a
      "graduate boom". The fears of inundation were shared by both the hospitals (as
      the available posts for young doctors were not sufficient) and the ambulatory
      care sector (where the practitioners were fearful of severe competition from the
      newcomers). As a matter of fact, there was a strong oversupply of young doctors
      but everybody thought that oversupply was general. The numerus clausus was
      established in 1971 and the annual number of students admitted into medical
      schools started to decrease in 1978, until 1999. After two decades of decrease, a
      clear shortage of young doctors appeared and a volte-face was decided: starting
      1999, the annual number of young students admitted to medical training followed
      an upward trend. This number reached 7400 in October 2009, from 3400 ten years
      earlier. This time, a second confusion was made: the shortage of young-doctors is
      now understood to be a general shortage of all the medical profession.
      Consequently, a strong policy for increasing the numerus clausus is implemented.
      As things are, in 15 years from now, the health system will be again in the
      situation it has known in the mid-70's.

PMID- 19968003
TI  - [Circumstances and structures of medical demography].

PMID- 19968004
TI  - AASM President's viewpoint: planning for a challenging yet promising future.

PMID- 19968005
TI  - Sustained use of CPAP slows deterioration of cognition, sleep, and mood in
      patients with Alzheimer's disease and obstructive sleep apnea: a preliminary
      study.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among patients with
      Alzheimer's disease (AD). Untreated OSA exacerbates the cognitive and functional
      deficits. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has recently been shown to
      have beneficial effects on cognition in AD. Little attention has focused on the
      long-term benefits of CPAP in these patients. METHODS: This was an exploratory
      study of sustained CPAP use (mean use = 13.3 months, SD = 5.2) among a subset of
      participants from an initial 6-week randomized clinical trial (RCT) of CPAP in
      patients with mild to moderate AD. Follow-up included 5 patients who continued
      CPAP (CPAP+) after completion of the RCT and 5 patients who discontinued CPAP
      (CPAP-), matched by time of completion of the initial study. A neuropsychological
      test battery and sleep/mood questionnaires were administered and effect sizes
      were calculated. RESULTS: Even with a small sample size, sustained CPAP use
      resulted in moderate-to-large effect sizes. Compared to the CPAP- group, the
      CPAP+ group showed less cognitive decline with sustained CPAP use, stabilization
      of depressive symptoms and daytime somnolence, and significant improvement in
      subjective sleep quality. Caregivers of the CPAP+ group also reported that their
      own sleep was better when compared to the final RCT visit and that their patients
      psychopathological behavior was improved. CONCLUSION: The results of this
      preliminary study raise the possibility that sustained, long-term CPAP treatment
      for patients with AD and OSA may result in lasting improvements in sleep and mood
      as well as a slowing of cognitive deterioration. Prospective randomized
      controlled research trials evaluating these hypotheses are needed.

PMID- 19968006
TI  - Comorbid Alzheimer's disease and OSAS: does CPAP slow cognitive decline?

PMID- 19968007
TI  - Agreement between 95th percentile pressure based on a 7-night auto-adjusting
      positive airway pressure trial vs. equation-based predictions in sleep apnea.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: to analyze the agreement between effective CPAP-determined on
      the basis of a 7-night auto-adjusting positive airway pressure (APAP) trial at
      home with that obtained through 5 different predictive equations. METHODS: Data
      were collected from consecutive CPAP-naive patients with OSA who underwent a 7
      night non-attended home-setting APAP trial. The 95th percentile APAP pressure was
      considered as the effective CPAP and also as the reference variable against which
      the equation-based predictions were compared. All patients fulfilled the
      following criteria: residual respiratory disturbances index (RDI) < 10 events/h,
      average air leak < 0.4 L/sec and > 4 h of use per night during the APAP trial.
      RESULTS: A total of 100 consecutive patients (70 men) with the following
      characteristics were included: mean age 49 +/- 11 years, body mass index 34 +/- 4
      kg/m2, diagnostic Epworth Sleepiness Scale score 14 +/- 7, diagnostic RDI 56 +/-
      28 events/h, 95th percentile APAP 11 +/- 2 cm H2O, hours of use per night 6.2 +/-
      1.3, and residual RDI 5 +/- 2 events/h. A poor level of agreement between the
      95th percentile pressure and the pressures obtained through 5 predictive
      equations was observed (the intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.17
      to 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: The disagreement observed between the effective CPAP
      determined through a 7-night APAP trial and the pressures obtained by the
      predictive equations suggest that long-term CPAP prescriptions based on
      predictive equations may be improper.

PMID- 19968008
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea in adults with Down syndrome.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: A high proportion of children with Down syndrome (DS) have the
      obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Although adults with DS have many
      predisposing factors for OSAS, this population has not been well studied. We
      hypothesized that OSAS is common in adults with DS, and that the severity of OSAS
      is worse in DS adults who are more obese. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Sleep
      laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: 16 adults with DS underwent evaluation for sleep
      disordered breathing. INTERVENTIONS: Polysomnographic results were compared to a
      retrospective sample of adult patients referred for clinically suspected OSAS.
      MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Polysomnograms were abnormal in 94% of DS subjects. The
      median apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 37/h (range 0-118). The median arterial
      oxygen saturation nadir was 75% (23% to 95%), and the median peak end-tidal CO2
      was 58 (47-66) mm Hg. There was a significant correlation between body mass index
      and AHI (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). Sixty-three percent had an Epworth score > 10. The
      AHI and saturation nadir were significantly worse in DS than non-DS patients.
      CONCLUSIONS: Adults with DS frequently have OSAS, with obstructive apnea,
      hypoxemia, hypoventilation, and sleep fragmentation. The severity of OSAS
      correlated with obesity. We speculate that the complications of untreated OSAS
      (cardiovascular disease, increased mortality, and neurobehavioral morbidities
      including daytime sleepiness and impaired cognitive function) commonly overlap
      with the manifestations of DS and therefore may not elicit a prompt investigation
      in these patients. We speculate that OSAS is an important, but potentially
      treatable, cause of morbidity in adults with DS.

PMID- 19968009
TI  - Sleep disruption in patients with sleep apnea and end-stage renal disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Sleep apnea (SA) is common in patients with end-stage renal disease
      (ESRD) and such patients are likely to suffer additional sleep disruption
      associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic leg movements (PLM).
      Our objective was to evaluate sleep quality in ESRD patients who are newly
      diagnosed with SAand determine the additional contribution of PLM to sleep
      disruption. METHODS: Two groups of patients with SA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >
      15) were compared, one with ESRD (n = 12) and the other with normal renal
      function (n = 18), using a sleep history questionnaire, sleep diary, Pittsburgh
      Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, polysomnography (1 night) and
      actigraphy (6 nights). RESULTS: The prevalence of RLS was higher in ESRD patients
      (60% vs 6%, p < 0.001). ESRD patients had shorter total sleep time (TST) (264 +/-
      78 vs 330 +/- 46 min, p = 0.01), lower sleep efficiency (68 +/- 20 % vs 81 +/- 11
      %, p = 0.03), and more stage 1 NREM sleep (23 +/- 18 vs 8 +/- 5 % TST, p =
      0.002). ESRD patients had a higher frequency of PLM (31 +/- 37 hr-1 vs 8.0 +/- 16
      hr-1, p = 0.02) and PLM-related arousals (15 +/- 18 hr-1 vs 1 +/- 2 hr-1, p =
      0.003). Actigraphy demonstrated a higher movement and fragmentation index in ESRD
      patients (23 +/- 10 % sleep time vs 17 +/- 6 % sleep time, p = 0.04).
      CONCLUSIONS: The co-existence of PLM is an additional source of sleep disruption
      in patients with ESRD and SA. Treatment of PLM, in addition to treatment of sleep
      apnea, may be required to improve sleep quality in this patient population.

PMID- 19968010
TI  - The effect of acid suppression on upper airway anatomy and obstruction in
      patients with sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the effect of acid
      suppression on upper airway structure and function in patients with obstructive
      sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS:
      This is a single-site within-subjects design. Twenty five patients with
      documented mild OSAS and objectively documented GERD via 24-hour pH measurement
      were included in the study. Patients were studied before and after 8 weeks of
      treatment with rabeprazole, 20 mg, twice a day. Subjects underwent laryngoscopy,
      polysomnography, and 24-hour pH monitoring. Subjective assessments of sleep
      obtained included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness
      Scale. RESULTS: Posterior commissure edema was significantly reduced (p < 0.05),
      and the Reflux Finding Score was improved (p < 0.07). Objective and subjective
      sleep parameters were significantly improved, sleep-onset latency was
      significantly reduced (26.2 vs 11.2, p < 0.05), and sleep-related acid contact
      time was significantly reduced (8.0% vs 1.7% p < 0.001). There was no significant
      change in the apnea-hypopnea index. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild OSAS and
      documented GERD, acid suppression improves upper airway abnormalities, as well as
      objective and subjective measures of sleep quality. Aggressive treatment of GERD
      in patients with OSAS may be helpful in the overall treatment of this select
      patient population.

PMID- 19968011
TI  - Gender differences in sleep disruption and fatigue on quality of life among
      persons with ostomies.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine differences in sleep
      disruption and fatigue of men and women colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors with
      intestinal ostomies and associated health-related quality of life (HR-QOL).
      METHODS: Participants in this cross-sectional study of long-term (> 5 years) CRC
      survivors received care at Kaiser Permanente. Measures included the City of Hope
      QOL Ostomy questionnaire with narrative comments for ostomy-related "greatest
      challenges." The Short Form-36 Version 2 (SF-36v2) health survey provided
      physical (PCS) and mental composite scale (MCS) scores to examine generic HR-QOL.
      The "sleep disruption" and "fatigue" items from the ostomy questionnaire (scale
      from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating better HR-QOL) were dependent
      variables, while independent variables included age, ethnicity, education,
      partnered status, body mass index, and time since surgery. Data were analyzed
      using chi-square for nominal variables, Student t-tests for continuous variables,
      and logistic regression with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: On the ostomy
      specific measure, women (n = 118) compared to men (n = 168) reported more sleep
      disruption (p < 0.01), adjusted for age, and greater levels of fatigue (p <
      0.01), adjusted for time since surgery. Women's PCS and MCS scores indicated
      poorer HR-QOL compared to men, and differences were clinically meaningful.
      Qualitative narrative comments suggested that sleep disruption could stem from
      ostomy-associated fear of or actual leakage during sleep. CONCLUSION: Although
      women CRC survivors with ostomies report more sleep disruption and fatigue, which
      is reflected in their reduced physical and mental health scores on the SF-36v2
      compared to men with ostomies, their stated reasons for disrupted sleep are
      similar to their male counterparts. These findings can provide a foundation for
      gender-relevant ostomy interventions to improve sleep and HR-QOL in this patient
      population.

PMID- 19968012
TI  - The Epworth score in African American populations.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: African Americans have elevated scores on the Epworth Sleepiness
      Scale (ESS) compared to whites. The reason for this difference is not clear.
      METHODS: Responses to the ESS were assessed in 687 patients (52.3% African
      American) referred to a hospital-based sleep clinic. Differences in total ESS
      score and the scores on individual Epworth questions were compared in African
      Americans and whites. Findings were validated in an independent sleep apnea
      research cohort of 712 subjects (57.3% African Americans). RESULTS: African
      Americans in the clinic-based population had a higher mean ESS score than whites
      (11.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 9.8 +/- 0.3, p < 0.0001). This difference persisted after
      adjusting for sleepiness risk factors. In adjusted analyses including responses
      to the other ESS questions, African Americans scored significantly greater on 3
      of the 8 ESS component questions: questions 2-"Watching TV," 6-"Sitting and
      talking to someone," and 7-"Sitting quietly after lunch without alcohol." In the
      validation cohort, African Americans also had a higher mean ESS score (9.1 +/-
      0.3, vs. 8.2 +/- 0.3, p = 0.04). In addition they had significantly elevated
      scores on questions 6 and 7 (p = 0.0002, p = 0.012 respectively) even after
      adjusting for responses to the other Epworth questions. CONCLUSIONS: African
      Americans have greater sleepiness than whites as assessed by the ESS; this is
      independent of sleepiness risk factors. The difference appears due primarily to
      differences in responses to questions 6 and 7 of the ESS questions suggesting a
      difference in the interpretation of these 2 questions.

PMID- 19968013
TI  - Sleep and sleep disorders in chronic users of zopiclone and drug-free insomniacs.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine polysomnographic parameters and sleep diary data, as
      well as the prevalence of sleep apnea and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)
      in older chronic users of zopiclone compared with aged-matched drug-free patients
      with insomnia and good sleepers. METHODS: Polysomnographic data were collected at
      a university-based outpatient clinic for adults and elderly. Seventeen patients
      using zopiclone on a daily basis for at least 1 year were compared with 64 drug
      free patients with insomnia and 26 good sleepers. Mean (SD) age was 63.8 (7.0)
      years. Outcome measures were polysomnographic sleep parameters, sleep diary data,
      and psychological symptoms, as well as prevalence estimates of sleep apnea and
      PLMD. RESULTS: The zopiclone users spent more time awake, had longer sleep
      latencies, and reduced sleep efficiency compared with the good sleepers. The
      amount of slow-wave sleep was also significantly lower in the zopiclone group
      compared with the good sleepers. There were no differences between the zopiclone
      and insomnia group on any of the polysomnography parameters. A similar pattern
      was found for data based on sleep diaries. The frequency of sleep apnea (apnea
      hypopnea index > 10) were 41% to 42% in both the zopiclone and insomnia groups,
      compared with 12% in the good sleepers group, whereas there were no significant
      group differences in the frequency of PLMD. The zopiclone group reported higher
      levels of anxiety and depression compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS:
      This study suggests that the sleep of chronic users of zopiclone is no better
      than that of drug-free patients with insomnia. It is disturbing that 41% of the
      patients treated pharmacologically for insomnia also had sleep apnea. We suggest
      careful sleep assessment as a prerequisite for long-term prescription of sleep
      medications.

PMID- 19968014
TI  - Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia improves sleep and decreases pain in
      older adults with co-morbid insomnia and osteoarthritis.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis pain affects more than half of all older adults,
      many of whom experience co-morbid sleep disturbance. Pain initiates and
      exacerbates sleep disturbance, whereas disturbed sleep maintains and exacerbates
      pain, which implies that improving the sleep of patients with osteoarthritis may
      also reduce their pain. We examined this possibility in a secondary analysis of a
      previously published randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy
      for insomnia (CBT-I) in patients with osteoarthritis and co-morbid insomnia.
      METHODS: Twenty-three patients (mean age 69.2 years) were randomly assigned to
      CBT-I and 28 patients (mean age 66.5 years) to an attention control. Neither
      directly addressed pain management. Twelve subjects crossed over to CBT-I after
      control treatment. Sleep and pain were assessed by self-report at baseline, after
      treatment, and (for CBT-I only) at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: CBT-I subjects
      reported significantly improved sleep and significantly reduced pain after
      treatment. Control subjects reported no significant improvements. One-year follow
      up found maintenance of improved sleep and reduced pain for both the CBT-I group
      alone and among subjects who crossed over from control to CBT-I. CONCLUSIONS: CBT
      I but not an attention control, without directly addressing pain control,
      improved both immediate and long-term self-reported sleep and pain in older
      patients with osteoarthritis and comorbid insomnia. These results are unique in
      suggesting the long-term durability of CBT-I effects for co-morbid insomnia. They
      also indicate that improving sleep, per se, in patients with osteoarthritis may
      result in decreased pain. Techniques to improve sleep may be useful additions to
      pain management programs in osteoarthritis, and possibly other chronic pain
      conditions as well.

PMID- 19968015
TI  - Is CBT-I effective for pain?

PMID- 19968016
TI  - Safety overview of postmarketing and clinical experience of sodium oxybate
      (Xyrem): abuse, misuse, dependence, and diversion.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study reviewed the cumulative postmarketing and clinical
      safety experience with sodium oxybate (Xyrem), a treatment approved for cataplexy
      and excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Study objectives were to
      investigate the occurrence of abuse/misuse of sodium oxybate since first market
      introduction in 2002, classify cases using DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse
      and dependence, and describe specific characteristics of these cases. METHODS: We
      retrospectively reviewed postmarketing spontaneous adverse event (AE) reports
      from 15 countries for all cases containing reporting terminology related to
      abuse/misuse to determine its occurrence. All death cases independent of
      causality were reviewed to identify associated risk factors. RESULTS:
      Approximately 26,000 patients worldwide received sodium oxybate from first market
      introduction in 2002 through March 2008. Of those 26,000 patients, 0.2% reported
      > or = 1 of the events studied. These included 10 cases (0.039%) meeting DSM-IV
      abuse criteria, 4 cases (0.016%) meeting DSM-IV dependence criteria, 8 cases
      (0.031%, including 3 of the previous 4) with withdrawal symptoms reported after
      discontinuation of sodium oxybate, 2 confirmed cases (0.008%) of sodium oxybate
      facilitated sexual assault, 8 cases (0.031%) of overdose with suicidal intent, 21
      deaths (0.08%) in patients receiving sodium oxybate treatment with 1 death known
      to be related to sodium oxybate, and 3 cases (0.01%) of traffic accidents
      involving drivers taking sodium oxybate. During this period, approximately
      600,000 bottles of sodium oxybate were distributed, and 5 incidents (0.0009%) of
      diversion were reported. CONCLUSION: Cumulative postmarketing and clinical
      experience indicates a very low risk of abuse/misuse of sodium oxybate.

PMID- 19968017
TI  - Unsuccessful suicide attempt of a 15 year old adolescent with ingestion of 5000
      mg modafinil.
AB  - Modafinil (Provigil) is a wake-promoting drug approved for patients with
      narcolepsy or other causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. Each pill is 100 to
      200 mg; maximal daily dose of modafinil in adults is 400 mg (the medication is
      not approved by the FDA for children younger than 16 years of age). We report the
      case of an adolescent who attempted to commit suicide by ingesting 50 pills of
      modafinil. The medication was prescribed for her mother to treat symptoms
      associated with multiple sclerosis. Approximately 2 hours following ingestion the
      patient complained of headache, nausea and abdominal pain. Her ECG demonstrated
      prolonged QTc interval. Observation for 72 hours revealed 24 hours of inability
      to sleep, tachycardia, and dyskinesia. There was no deterioration of kidney or
      liver functions, and no change in complete blood count or blood pressure.

PMID- 19968018
TI  - Association of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in an adult
      with persistent, childhood onset rhythmic movement disorder.
AB  - We present a case of a 41-year-old man with the association of REM sleep behavior
      disorder (RBD) and rhythmic movement disorder (RMD). The RMD had a childhood
      onset and persisted into adulthood. The RMD worsened with the development of RBD
      and has persisted despite successful treatment of RBD. However, the pathogenesis
      of RMD remains unclear and the movements have been suggested to play a
      maturational role as part of psychomotor development by stimulating the
      vestibular apparatus. Current models underlying the control of REM sleep may need
      to be refined to explain the observed association of RBD and RMD.

PMID- 19968020
TI  - A sleepy patient with REM rebound.

PMID- 19968021
TI  - Narcoleptic patients' perceptions of nicotine.

PMID- 19968019
TI  - Meta-analyses of hypnotics and infections: eszopiclone, ramelteon, zaleplon, and
      zolpidem.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent meta-analyses raising concern about risks of hypnotics
      suggest a need for more clarification of these risks. METHODS: Because of
      preliminary suggestions that eszopiclone causes infections, we studied US Food
      and Drug Administration files on the 4 most-recently approved hypnotics, combined
      with published studies, to compile the risk ratios of infections for groups
      randomly assigned to receive hypnotics versus those assigned to receive placebos
      in controlled trials. Parallel controlled clinical trials of eszopiclone,
      ramelteon, zaleplon, and zolpidem were included when data on subjects, duration
      of exposure, and adverse effects were available. Results of trials were combined
      by meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 8828 participants assigned to the 4 hypnotics and
      4383 participants who randomly received placebos, 606 in the hypnotics groups and
      200 in the placebo groups were reported to develop some kind of infection (risk
      ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.64, p < 0.00001). Most infections
      were apparently mild and did not lead to dropouts. Subanalyses for individual
      drugs indicated that eszopiclone and zolpidem individually were associated with
      reported infections. There were insufficient data concerning individual studies
      of zaleplon and ramelteon for valid secondary meta-analyses of zaleplon or
      ramelteon by themselves. CONCLUSIONS: Research is needed to objectively determine
      whether the use of hypnotics increases the risk of infections. Immune compromise
      or esophageal reflux and aspiration should be studied as possible mechanisms.

PMID- 19968023
TI  - The year in health. From A to Z.

PMID- 19968022
TI  - The mammogram melee.

PMID- 19968024
TI  - [Arrogance and paternalism].

PMID- 19968025
TI  - [Genetic and/or clinical scores to anticipate the onset of diabetes].
AB  - Diabetes represents an important health burden on our society: for example in
      Lausanne (Switzerland) 16% of the adult population have abnormal glucose
      homeostasis and 6% have diabetes, of which about a third is not aware. Some
      guidelines identify the "at risk" population for which screening seems indicated.
      Simple clinical scores have been developed at allow to better estimate the risk
      of diabetes and hence to potentially better target screening of the disease. The
      recent discovery of more that 18 genetic variants associated with an increased
      risk to develop the diseased has allowed to include individual genotype into
      genetic risk scores. We will discuss in this article the usefulness of these
      genetic score, how they compare to clinical score, their implication for clinical
      practice as well as their potential ethical or economical consequences.

PMID- 19968026
TI  - [Venous thromboembolism in the elderly].
AB  - Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease and has a high impact on
      morbidity, mortality, and costs of care. The majority of patients with VTE are
      aged > or = 65 years, making VTE essentially a disease of the elderly. Despite
      its high prevalence and the fact that VTE has a less favourable outcome in
      elderly patients (e.g., higher rate of mortality, major bleeding, and post
      thrombotic syndrome), older patients are underrepresented in prospective studies
      of VTE. Moreover, little is known about patient factors that determine medical
      outcomes, quality of life, and costs of care in elderly patients with VTE. The
      goal of this article is to review the existing evidence regarding VTE in the
      elderly. A prospective multicenter Swiss cohort study will examine medical
      outcomes, quality of life, and medical resource utilization in elderly patients
      with VTE.

PMID- 19968027
TI  - [Hematological malignancy: management of anemia and leukopenia by primary care
      physicians].
AB  - In hematological malignancies, the occurrence of anemia is very common and can
      have significant consequences on daily life. Treatment includes essentially red
      blood cell transfusions. The prescription of erythropoietic agents and/or iron is
      exceptionnal and often not registered in Switzerland. The onset of neutropenia is
      also frequently encountered and in some situations may require the prescription
      of myeloid growth factors. The purpose of this article is to focus on the current
      recommendations of these two issues for practitioners.

PMID- 19968028
TI  - [Teaching clinical skills in medicine or the comeback of the clinician].
AB  - This paper discuss the development of the new curriculum (bachelor, master) for
      clinical skills (history taking, physical examination, patient communication,
      professionalism) at the Medical School in Lausanne. Some specific aspects are
      reviewed: a structured and longitudinal curriculum, improving bedside clinical
      teaching, assessment of clinical competences, integrating teaching into the
      institutional values.

PMID- 19968029
TI  - [The various senses of autonomy and their relevance to clinical practice].
AB  - Since the introduction of the principle of respect of autonomy in medical ethics,
      the respect of the will of the patient occupied a central place in the decision
      making process. To face up to the difficulties that appeared during the
      application of this principle in clinical medicine, Bruce Miller proposed in the
      early eighties one way to clarify the significance of this notion in the field of
      medical practice. He showed that the concept of autonomy can be understood under
      four senses which deserve to be explored in case of ethical conflict. This
      article shows, through the analysis of a clinical situation, the relevance of the
      approach suggested by this author and proposes to refer to this approach in case
      of ethical dilemmas in clinical practice.

PMID- 19968030
TI  - [Pulmonary hypertension of undertermined origin in a man aged 56...].
AB  - The case of a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension whose etiology has
      remained unknown until an autopsy was performed is discussed in a symposium of
      pathological anatomy. This case helped to address the diagnostic and therapeutic
      management of pulmonary hypertension. The broad differential diagnosis of this
      disease requires a diagnostic strategy to be developped. Clinical reasoning
      leading to a probable diagnosis based on clinical biological and radiological
      information is not only a difficult task for the speaker but also a rich source
      of learning opportunities for our medical community.

PMID- 19968031
TI  - [Epidemiology of pituitary adenoma: results of the first Swiss study].
AB  - Epidemiological data concerning pituitary adenomas are very scarce and in some
      cases reports are even conflicting. This opinion is at present disputed. The aim
      of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in the urban area of Fribourg, the
      prevalence of relevant clinical pituitary adenoma. General practitioners,
      endocrinologists and gynaecologists were questioned concerning any patient within
      this agglomeration presenting with a pituitary micro- or macro-adenoma. Among the
      44 adenomas, we observed 13 non secreting macro-adenomas, 16 micro- and 9 macro
      prolactinomas, 4 cases of acromegaly and 2 ACTH-dependant Cushing diseases. In
      the studied area we found a prevalence of 80.5 pituitary adenomas per 100,000, or
      1 case per 1241 corroborating a greater prevalence of pituitary adenomas than
      previously believed.

PMID- 19968032
TI  - [Measles outbreak and obligatory vaccination: when?].

PMID- 19968033
TI  - [The controversy of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves].

PMID- 19968034
TI  - [Re-emergence of anti-vaccination movement].

PMID- 19968035
TI  - [A crisis of democracy].

PMID- 19968036
TI  - A fruitful future. More investor-owned acquisitions in 2010.

PMID- 19968037
TI  - Healthcare transformers. Old buildings live on through medical facility
      retrofits.

PMID- 19968038
TI  - Default By the numbers. Largest skilled-nursing companies. Ranked by the number
      of skilled-nursing facilties, 2008.

PMID- 19968039
TI  - The electronic health record: the train is coming.

PMID- 19968040
TI  - Effects of nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with
      resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term effects of continuous positive airway
      pressure (CPAP) therapy on blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep
      apnea and resistant hypertension. METHODS: Study subjects were 98 patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension who had 3 or more documented
      daytime BP measurements taken within 3 months of enrollment and every 3 months
      after CPAP initiation for 1 year. Resistant hypertension was defined as daytime
      BP of at least 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic, despite the use of 3 or
      more antihypertensive medications. Patients in the resistant hypertension group
      (n = 42) were compared with subjects with controlled hypertension (n = 56).
      RESULTS: Mean difference in mean arterial pressure was -5.6 (95% confidence
      interval [CI] -2.0 to -8.7 mm Hg; p = 0.03) in the resistant group and -0.8 mm Hg
      (95% CI -2.9 to 3.3 mm Hg; p = 0.53) in patients with controlled BP at the end of
      follow up period. CPAP permitted de-escalation of antihypertensive treatment in
      71% of subjects with resistant hypertension but did not significantly alter the
      antihypertensive regimen in the controlled group. Multivariate regression
      analysis showed that baseline BP (odds ratio 5.4, 95% CI 2.3 to 8.9; p = 0.01)
      and diuretic therapy (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.1; p = 0.02), but not
      apnea-hypopnea index or hours of CPAP use, were independently associated with a
      decrease in mean arterial pressure after 12 months of CPAP therapy. CONCLUSION:
      In this observational study, CPAP was associated with different effects on blood
      pressure control in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. A beneficial response
      to CPAP therapy was found mainly in subjects with the most severe hypertensive
      disease.

PMID- 19968041
TI  - When is CPAP an antihypertensive in sleep apnea patients?

PMID- 19968042
TI  - Continuous positive airway pressure therapy reduces right ventricular volume in
      patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: There are few data on the effects of continuous positive airway
      pressure (CPAP) therapy on the structural and functional characteristics of the
      right heart in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We sought to leverage
      the advantages of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and hypothesized that
      CPAP treatment would improve right ventricular (RV) function in a group of
      patients with OSA who were free of other comorbid conditions. METHODS: Patients
      with severe (apnea-hypopnea index > or = 30/h) untreated OSAwere prospectively
      enrolled. CMR included 3-dimensional measurement of biventricular size and
      function, and rest/stress myocardial perfusion and was performed at baseline and
      after 3 months of CPAP therapy. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with mild to moderate
      desaturation were enrolled; 2 could not undergo CMR due to claustrophobia and
      obesity. There were significant decreases in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score
      (p < 0.0001) and RV end-systolic and RV end-diastolic volumes (p < 0.05) with
      CPAP. There was a trend toward improvement in RV ejection fraction, but the
      improvement did not reach statistical significance. Other measures such as left
      ventricular volumes, left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial perfusion
      reserve index, and thickness of the interventricular septum and ventricular free
      wall did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study found that
      CPAP treatment decreases RV volumes in patients with severe OSA who are otherwise
      healthy. CMR offers a novel technique to determine the effects of CPAP on
      ventricular structure and function in patients with OSA. A randomized controlled
      study is needed to confirm the results of our study.

PMID- 19968043
TI  - Clinical presentation of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with end-stage renal
      disease.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in patients with end
      stage renal disease (ESRD) and is largely underrecognized. Our objective was to
      determine whether the presentation of OSA in patients with ESRD differs from the
      stereotypical presentation in the general population (loud snoring, witnessed
      apnea, and daytime sleepiness in overweight, middle-aged men). METHODS: Seventy
      six chronic dialysis patients with OSA were compared to 380 OSA patients with
      normal renal function who were matched for apnea severity (apnea-hypopnea index).
      All patients underwent overnight polysomnography and completed the Epworth
      Sleepiness Scale and a questionnaire to assess symptoms of OSA. RESULTS: Age and
      gender distribution were similar between groups, however, body mass index was
      lower in the ESRD group (28 +/- 5 vs. 33 +/- 14 kg/m2). Patients with ESRD were
      less likely to report snoring (80% vs. 98%), witnessed apnea during sleep (32%
      vs. 58%), unrefreshing sleep (55% vs. 73%), and morning headaches (15% vs. 27%).
      Overnight polysomnography revealed less intense snoring and more sleep
      disturbance in patients with ESRD. The prevalence and severity of self-reported
      daytime sleepiness was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presenting
      symptoms of patients with ESRD and documented OSA differed from a control group
      of OSA patients matched for AHI. This suggests that the presentation of ESRD
      patients with OSA may differ from the general population, and this should be
      appreciated to avoid underdiagnosis of this important comorbidity.

PMID- 19968044
TI  - Improvement of idiopathic central sleep apnea with zolpidem.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the non-benzodiazepine hypnotic zolpidem
      would improve idiopathic central sleep apnea (ICSA) by enhancing sleep stability,
      resulting in fewer arousals, which in turn would lessen oscillation in arterial
      CO2 and produce a decrease in central apnea/hypopnea events. Zolpidem might also
      decrease ventilatory control responsiveness during arousals, thereby reducing
      hyperpnea, hypocapnia, and subsequent apneas. PATIENTS AND STUDY DESIGN: This was
      a case series in which all patients with ICSA seen in the Henry Ford Sleep
      Disorders Clinic from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2006, were offered
      zolpidem, as well as other therapeutic options of acetazolamide, continuous
      positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilevel pressure support, or assist control
      ventilatory support. Those 20 patients who chose zolpidem were prescribed 10 mg
      at bedtime. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: After a therapeutic trial averaging 9
      weeks, a follow-up polysomnogram showed that the overall apnea/hypopnea index
      (AHI) and central AHI (CAHI) decreased, 30.0 +/- 18.1 (SD) to 13.5 +/- 13.3 (p =
      0.001), and 26.0 +/- 17.2 to 7.1 +/- 11.8 (p < 0.001), respectively, without an
      overall change in obstructive AHI or arterial oxygen saturation. The total number
      of arousals per hour decreased with zolpidem use, 24.0 +/- 11.6 to 15.1 +/- 7.7
      (p < 0.001), leading to a significant improvement in sleep efficiency. There was
      a positive correlation between the decrease in CAHI and the arousal index.
      Consistent with the hypnotic effect of zolpidem, sleep latency decreased, stage 1
      sleep percentage decreased, and stage 2 percentage increased (all significant),
      without changes in stage 3-4 or REM sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness, measured
      by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) decreased from 13 +/- 5 to 8 +/- 5 (p <
      0.001). Three patients experienced a significant increase in obstructive events.
      CONCLUSION: In an open-label trial, ICSA patients studied experienced a decrease
      in central apnea/hypopneas with zolpidem. They also had improved sleep continuity
      and decreased subjective daytime sleepiness, without a worsening of oxygenation
      or obstructive events in the majority of patients. However, in the absence of a
      randomized, controlled trial, zolpidem cannot be recommended for treatment of
      ICSA at this time.

PMID- 19968045
TI  - Effective treatment for idiopathic central sleep apnea?

PMID- 19968046
TI  - The relation of trouble sleeping, depressed mood, pain, and fatigue in patients
      with cancer.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relation among several symptoms that occur
      commonly in cancer patients: trouble sleeping, fatigue/sleepiness, depressed
      mood, and pain in a large cohort of cancer patients undergoing treatment in a
      community oncology practice. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and patient reported
      outcomes data from 11,445 cancer patients undergoing treatment in a large
      community oncology practice were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The
      data were split so that a model was constructed using half of the patients; this
      model was then cross-validated on the remaining patients. RESULTS: Fatigue was
      best represented as a latent variable, and significant direct effects were found
      for trouble sleeping, depressed mood, and pain. Also, there were significant
      indirect effects of these variables on fatigue. The effect of depressed mood on
      fatigue and pain was mediated by trouble sleeping, and the effect of trouble
      sleeping on fatigue was mediated by pain. CONCLUSIONS: These results predict that
      interventions aimed at treatment of trouble sleeping, depressed mood, and pain
      will improve fatigue in patients with cancer. Further, these data predict that
      treatment of trouble sleeping will improve pain management in this population.

PMID- 19968047
TI  - Treatment of sleep disorders after traumatic brain injury.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: Determine whether treatment of sleep disorders identified in
      brain injured adults would result in resolution of those sleep disorders and
      improvement of symptoms and daytime function. METHODS: Prospective evaluation of
      unselected traumatic brain injury patients with nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG),
      multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and
      neuropsychological testing including Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Profile of
      Mood States (POMS), and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) before
      and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for
      obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), modafinil (200 mg) for narcolepsy and
      posttraumatic hypersomnia (PTH), or pramipexole (0.375 mg) for periodic limb
      movements in sleep (PLMS). SETTING: Three academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS:
      Fifty-seven (57) adults > or = 3 months post traumatic brain injury (TBI).
      MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Abnormal sleep studies were found in 22 subjects (39%),
      of whom 13 (23%) had OSA, 2 (3%) had PTH, 3 (5%) had narcolepsy, 4 (7%) had PLMS,
      and 12 had objective excessive daytime sleepiness with MSLT score < 10 minutes.
      Apneas, hypopneas, and snoring were eliminated by CPAP in OSA subjects, but there
      was no significant change in MSLT scores. Periodic limb movements were eliminated
      with pramipexole. One of 3 narcolepsy subjects and 1 of 2 PTH subjects had
      resolution of hypersomnia with modafinil. There was no significant change in
      FOSQ, POMS, or PVT results after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of sleep
      disorders after TBI may result in polysomnographic resolution without change in
      sleepiness or neuropsychological function.

PMID- 19968048
TI  - The efficacy of melatonin for sleep problems in children with autism, fragile X
      syndrome, or autism and fragile X syndrome.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of melatonin on sleep problems in
      children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS).
      METHODS: A 4-week, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design
      was conducted following a 1-week baseline period. Either melatonin, 3 mg, or
      placebo was given to participants for 2 weeks and then alternated for another 2
      weeks. Sleep variables, including sleep duration, sleep-onset time, sleep-onset
      latency time, and the number of night awakenings, were recorded using an
      Actiwatch and from sleep diaries completed by parents. All participants had been
      thoroughly assessed for ASD and also had DNA testing for the diagnosis of FXS.
      RESULTS: Data were successfully obtained from the 12 of 18 subjects who completed
      the study (11 males, age range 2 to 15.25 years, mean 5.47, SD 3.6). Five
      participants met diagnostic criteria for ASD, 3 for FXS alone, 3 for FXS and ASD,
      and 1 for fragile X premutation. Eight out of 12 had melatonin first. The
      conclusions from a nonparametric repeated-measures technique indicate that mean
      night sleep duration was longer on melatonin than placebo by 21 minutes (p =
      .02), mean sleep-onset latency was shorter by 28 minutes (p = .0001), and mean
      sleep-onset time was earlier by 42 minutes (p = .02). CONCLUSION: The results of
      this study support the efficacy and tolerability of melatonin treatment for sleep
      problems in children with ASD and FXS.

PMID- 19968049
TI  - Development of central sleep apnea after maxillofacial surgery for obstructive
      sleep apnea.
AB  - Central sleep apnea is a rarely reported complication of surgery for obstructive
      sleep apnea (OSA). We report the case of a 38-year-old male who developed marked
      central sleep apnea 3 months after a maxillomandibular advancement for moderate
      OSA, which spontaneously resolved on his 6-month postoperative polysomnogram.
      Five prior cases of this postoperative complication have been reported in
      nonobese individuals after tracheostomy for OSA. Additionally, a recent study
      demonstrated that patients with atmospheric pharyngeal closing pressures are
      susceptible to unstable ventilation. We hypothesize that latent high loop gain
      from chronic OSA, coupled with atmospheric pharyngeal closing pressures,
      predisposed our patient to develop unstable ventilation after an abrupt
      postoperative change in his ventilatory load. Our case supports delaying
      postoperative polysomnography > or = 6 months in individuals at high risk for
      this complication.

PMID- 19968050
TI  - Illuminating rationale and uses for light therapy.
AB  - Light therapy is increasingly applied in a variety of sleep medicine and
      psychiatric conditions including circadian rhythm sleep disorders, seasonal
      affective disorder, and dementia. This article reviews the neural underpinnings
      of circadian neurobiology crucial for understanding the influence of light
      therapy on brain function, common mood and sleep disorders in which light therapy
      may be effectively used, and applications of light therapy in clinical practice.

PMID- 19968051
TI  - Sleep and transit in Brazil: new legislation.

PMID- 19968052
TI  - Complex arrhythmia during a sleep study--what to do?

PMID- 19968053
TI  - Obama's malpractice. Why the health-care bill isn't reform.

PMID- 19968054
TI  - To be a better leader, give up authority.
AB  - In chaotic times like these, an executive's instinct may be to strive for greater
      efficiency by tightening control. At least two companies, CSC Germany and
      ANADIGICS, have done the opposite--to impressive effect.

PMID- 19968055
TI  - The ROI on weight loss at work.
AB  - Workplace weight-loss programs are a win-win tool that companies can use to boost
      both health and wealth. The financial payoff-for one Texas employer, about $2.50
      in return for every dollar spent--stems from lower health care costs and reduced
      absenteeism.

PMID- 19968056
TI  - How to pick a good fight.
AB  - Peace and harmony are overrated. Though conflict-free teamwork is often held up
      as the be-all and end-all of organizational life, it actually can be the worst
      thing to ever happen to a company. Look at Lehman Brothers. When Dick Fuld took
      over, he transformed a notoriously contentious workplace into one of Wall
      Street's most harmonious firms. But his efforts backfired--directors and managers
      became too agreeable, afraid to rock the boat by pointing out that the firm was
      heading into a crisis. Research shows that the single greatest predictor of poor
      company performance is complacency, which is why every organization needs a
      healthy dose of dissent. Not all kinds of conflict are productive, of course 
      companies need to find the right balance of alignment and competition and make
      sure that people's energies are pointed in a positive direction. In this article,
      two seasoned business advisers lay down ground rules for the right kinds of
      fights. First, the stakes must be worthwhile: The issue should involve a noble
      purpose or create noticeable--preferably game-changing--value. Next, good fights
      focus on the future; they're never about placing blame for the past. And it's
      critical for leaders to keep fights sportsmanlike, allow informal give-and-take
      in the trenches, and help soften the blow for the losing parties.

PMID- 19968057
TI  - The innovator's DNA.
AB  - "How do I find innovative people for my organization? And how can I become more
      innovative myself?" These are questions that stump most senior executives, who
      know that the ability to innovate is the "secret sauce" of business success.
      Perhaps for this reason most of us stand in awe of the work of visionary
      entrepreneurs such as Apple's Steve Jobs, Amazon's Jeff Bezos, eBay's Pierre
      Omidyar, and P&G's A.G. Lafley. How do these individuals come up with
      groundbreaking new ideas? In this article, Dyer, of Brigham Young University;
      Gregersen, of Insead; and Christensen, of Harvard Business School, reveal how
      innovative entrepreneurs differ from typical executives. Their study demonstrates
      that five "discovery skills" distinguish the most creative executives:
      Associating helps them discover new directions by making connections among
      seemingly unrelated questions, problems, or ideas. Questioning allows innovators
      to break out of the status quo and consider new ideas. Through observing,
      innovators carefully and consistently look out for small behavioral details--in
      the activities of customers, suppliers, and other companies -to gain insights
      about new ways of doing things. In experimenting, they relentlessly try on new
      experiences and explore the world. And through networking with diverse
      individuals from an array of backgrounds, they gain radically different
      perspectives.

PMID- 19968058
TI  - How open innovation can help you cope in lean times.
AB  - A recession often forces you to cut R&D as you refocus on your core. But
      innovation need not go by the wayside. By placing certain assets and projects
      outside your walls, you can actually preserve opportunities for future growth
      while you shore up the fortress. Chesbrough, of Haas School of Business, and
      Garman, of New Venture Partners, identify five strategic moves that open the door
      to innovation by, ironically, letting it out of the house. Some inside-out moves
      permit outside firms to invest in and develop your projects; others call for
      spinning off projects as separate ventures that still allow you to retain some
      equity. Whatever the specific approach, you can meet the inherent cultural and
      organizational challenges of inside-out open innovation by approaching it
      holistically and placing it under the leadership of senior executives in
      strategic roles.

PMID- 19968059
TI  - Create three distinct career paths for innovators.
AB  - Large companies say they Create Three Distinct want to be Career Paths for
      Innovators innovative, but they fundamentally mismanage their talent. Expecting
      innovators to grow along with their projects-from discovery to incubation to
      acceleration--sets them up to fail. Most people excel at one of the phases, not
      all three. By allowing innovation employees to develop career paths suited to
      their strengths, companies will create a sustainable innovation function.

PMID- 19968060
TI  - No.39, Paychex. Lowering health-care costs.

PMID- 19968061
TI  - [Advances in diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].
AB  - The diversity of diagnostic criteria of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
      makes it difficult to compare clinical trial results and exchange clinical
      experiences. To address this issue, an ITP international working group convened a
      consensus conference in Italy in October 2007, and some new consensus concerning
      the terminology, definition, phases, grading of severity, prognosis, and
      treatment were achieved. The treatment of ITP has been dramatically improved
      along with the introduction of novel therapeutic agents. Rituximab, a monoclonal
      anti-CD20 antibody that is able to deplete autoantibody-producing B lymphocytes,
      has been widely applied because of its high efficacy and safety. Recent evidences
      suggest that decreased platelet production may also contribute to the development
      of ITP. Therefore, novel thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents such as thrombopoietin
      receptor agonists Romiplostim and Eltrombopag have become new therapeutic options
      for ITP.

PMID- 19968062
TI  - [FLT3 mutation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its clinical
      significance].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation in patients
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its clinical significance. METHODS:
      FLT3 mutation-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) and FLT3 mutation in the
      tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD) were detected using polymerase chain reaction
      (PCR) in the genomic DNA of 61 ALL patients and 7 healthy volunteers (as
      reference group). The PCR products of these patients who were detected with FLT3
      ITD or FLT3-TKD were sent for sequence analysis. RESULTS: In all these 61 ALL
      patients, FLT3-ITDs were identified in 2 patients and FLT3-TKD were identified in
      one patient. CONCLUSION: FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD exist in a small proportion of ALL
      patients.

PMID- 19968063
TI  - [Effect of gossypol acetate on proliferation and apoptosis in Raji lymphoblastoid
      cell line].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of gossypol acetate on proliferation and
      apoptosis in Raji lymphoblastoid cells and explore the possible mechanism.
      METHODS: Trypan blue staining and ethyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide
      (MTT) assay were performed to measure the effect of gossypol acetate on the
      growth of Raji cells. The morphologic changes were observed with Wright's
      staining assay. Apoptosis was identified by agarose-gel electrophoresis and
      annexin V-FITC marked flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The distribution of cell
      cycle, apoptosis rate, and Bcl-2 protein expression were analyzed by FCM. Caspase
      3 activity was detected by colorimetric assay. RESULTS: Gossypol acetate
      inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of Raji cells at concentration
      higher than 5 micromol/L. The effects were both dose- and time- dependent. Cycle
      analysis indicated the alteration of cell cycle and G0/G1 arrest. The activation
      of Caspase-3 was observed by colorimetric assay. The results of flow cytometry
      showed that the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression and the activation of
      Caspase-3 seemed to occur simultaneously. CONCLUSION: Gossypol acetate can
      inhibit the growth of Raji cells and induce their apoptosis. The mechanism may be
      related to the alteration of cell cycle and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein
      expression.

PMID- 19968064
TI  - [Effects of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen class
      I ligand on the prognosis of related donor hematopoietic stem cell
      transplantation].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the genotype distribution and the effects of killer
      immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I
      ligand on related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS:
      The genotypes of donor/recipient HLA-Cw and donor KIR were determined by
      polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) in 87 cases of
      related donor HSCT (40 cases were haploidentical HSCT, and the remaining 47 cases
      were HLA-identical sibling HSCT). RESULTS: All the donors possessed KIR2DL1,
      2DL2/L3, 2DL4, 3DL2, and 3DL3, and 96.6% of donors possessed 3DL1. The rate of
      activating KIRs varied. 97.7% of the recipients expressed C1, while the rates of
      C2, Bw4, and HLA-A3/A11 were different. In haploidentical HSCT, KIR-HLA
      mismatched group included 34 cases and the matched group included 6 cases. HLA
      HLA-mismatched group included 31 cases and the matched group included 9 cases. In
      matched sibling donor HSCT, KIR-HLA-mismatched group included 42 cases and the
      matched group included 5 cases. KIR-HLA-mismatched group had higher 2-year
      disease-free survival (DFS) rate compared with KIR-HLA-matched group [ (71.5 +/-
      6.5 ) % vs. (50.0 +/- 10.7)%, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of activating KIR
      is lower than inhibitory KIRs. Inhibitory KIR2DL1, 3DL1, and 3DL2 may play key
      roles in the natural killer cell alloreactivity. The DFS rate is higher in KIR
      HLA-mismatched group than in KIR-HLA-matched group in related donor HSCT.

PMID- 19968065
TI  - [Effect of arsenic pentaoxide on proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical
      vein endothelial cell].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of arsenic pentaoxide (As2O5) on the
      proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cells and compare the effect of As2O5
      and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in vitro. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial
      cells (HUVEC) were incubated with or without As2O5 or As2O3 for a certain period.
      The proliferation profile of HUVEC was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium
      (MTT) method. The apoptosis of HUVEC was detected by microscopy and flow
      cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: As shown by MTT assay, the viabilities of HUVEC were
      (72.5 +/- 13.8)%, (52.9 +/- 6.2)%, (15.0 +/- 12.8)%, and (13.8 +/- 13.2)%,
      respectively, in 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/L As2O5 groups, of which the
      viabilities of HUVEC at 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/L of As2O5 were significantly lower
      than controls (P = 0.006, 0.007, and 0.008); however, the viability was not
      significantly different between 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L As2O5 groups (P = 0.119). In
      1.0 mg/L As2O5 group, the cell viabilities were (88.4 +/- 6.3)%, (53.1 +/- 8.8)%,
      (30.7 +/- 7.9)%, and (16.3 +/- 4.6)%, respectively, at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, of
      which the cell viabilities at 48, 72, and 96 h were significantly lower than
      controls (P = 0.042, 0.025, and 0.012). As2O5-induced apoptosis of HUVEC was
      observed by phase contrast microscope and flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI
      staining. After 48 hours of incubation, the IC50s of As2O5 and As2O3 were 1.1 and
      0.3 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As2O5 can inhibit the proliferation of HUVEC
      and the minimum effective concentration is 1 mg/L. Apoptosis is the main way that
      As2O5 induces the death of HUVEC. The inhibitory effect of As2O5 on HUVEC is
      weaker than that of As2O3.

PMID- 19968066
TI  - [Prognosis and chromosomal abnormalities in 79 children with t (8;21) acute
      myeloid leukemia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chromosomal abnormalities and evaluate the
      prognostic value of post-remission chemotherapy in children with t (8;21) acute
      myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: The diagnosis of AML and its subtyping were
      performed using morphological, immunological, and cytogenetic methodologies in 79
      children. Induction therapies included homoharringtonine and cytarabine (HA),
      daunorubicin and cytarabine (DA), or homoharringtonine and daunorubicin and
      cytarabine (HAD). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation or 5-6 cycles of intensive
      chemotherapy was performed after remission therapy. RESULTS: Additional
      chromosomal abnormalities, including loss of sex chromosome (n = 40, 50.6%), del
      (9q) (n = 9, 11.4%), and complex abnormality (n = 7, 8.9%) were identified in 55
      patients (69.6%). Three patients had more than 90 chromosomes and duplicate t
      (8;21) tetraploid karyotype, and their prognoses were poor. The complete
      remission (CR) rates were 81.7% (49/60) and 94.8% (55/58), respectively, after
      one and two cycles of induction chemotherapy. The 3-year event-free survival rate
      (EFS), disease-free survival rate (DFS), and overall survival rate (OS) were
      (26.2 +/- 6.8)%, (31.3 +/- 6.7)%, and (27.6 +/- 6.6)%, respectively. Twenty-nine
      patients received 5 or more cycles of chemotherapy after CR and demonstrated an
      improved 3-year DFS [(51.7 +/- 9.3)%]. The 3-year DFS was not significantly
      differently in patients with or without additional abnormalities other than sex
      chromosome (P = 0.36). Post-remission consolidation by high dose cytarabine
      (HDAC) was significantly superior to standard chemotherapy (66.7% vs. 27.3%, P =
      0.03). CONCLUSION: Most children with t (8;21) AML have additional chromosomal
      abnormalities, although they do not affect the prognosis and long-term survival.
      Few patients have more than 90 chromosomes and duplicate t (8;21) tetraploid
      karyotype, which may result in poor prognosis. Childhood t (8;21) AML usually has
      high CR rate with relatively good prognosis, and post-remission consolidation by
      HDAC can improve the survival.

PMID- 19968067
TI  - [Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry in the
      measurement of telomere length in Chinese patients with bone marrow failure
      syndrome].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To measure the telomere length in patients with bone marrow failure
      syndrome (BMF) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry (Flow
      FISH). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 8 patients with BMF. Telomere
      lengths of mononuclear cells from 8 BMF patients and granulocytes from 3 of these
      8 BMF patients (all these 3 patients were suffered from aplastic anemia) were
      measured using Flow-FISH, and the results were compared with those of normal
      controls. Telomere lengths were measured by Southern blot in 3 patients, and the
      results were compared with those obtained from Flow-FISH. RESULTS: Among these 8
      BMF patients, 5 have decreased telomere length in their mononuclear cells.
      However, different white cell subgroups, specifically mononucleated cells and
      granulocytes, have different degree of telomere shortening. In 3 BMF patients who
      underwent both Flow-FISH and Southern blot, 2 patients had consistent measurement
      results. CONCLUSION: Flow-FISH can be used for the measurement of telomere length
      in Chinese patients with BMF.

PMID- 19968068
TI  - [Comparison of modified Bethesda assay and Nijmegen assay in detecting FVII
      inhibitor in patients with hemophilia A].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity and practicability of modified Bethesda
      assay and Nijmegen assay in detecting factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor. METHODS:
      Modified Bethesda assay and Nijmegen assay were used to screen FVIII inhibitors
      in 237 patients with hemophilia A. The buffer plus universal coagulation
      reference plasma (UCRP) was used to establish a standard curve for FVIII: C assay
      in modified Bethesda method, instead of Nijmegen plasma plus FVIII deficiency
      plasma in Nijmegen method. The cutoff value for positive FVIII inhibitors is > or
      = 0.6 BU/ml. RESULTS: The positive rate of FVIII inhibitors was 5.5% (n = 13)
      when using modified Bethesda assay and was 8.4% (n = 20) when using Nijmegen
      assay (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Modified standard Bethesda assay is a convenient
      and feasible method for detecting FVIII inhibitors.

PMID- 19968069
TI  - [Comparison of efficacy and adverse effects between arsenic trioxide and all
      trans retinoic acid in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and adverse effects between arsenic trioxide
      (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in patients with acute promyelocytic
      leukemia (APL). METHODS: The clinical data of 71 patients with newly diagnosed
      APL were retrospectively analyzed. Two groups were classified according to the
      induction regimens, namely ATO group (n = 41) and ATRA group (n = 30). The
      complete remission (CR) rate and the time to CR were compared between these two
      groups. RESULTS: The CR rate was 97.5% in ATO group and 93.3% in ATRA group (P >
      0.05). The median time to CR was 29 days (21-45 days) in ATO group, which was
      significantly shorter than 38.5 days (24-63 days) in ATRA group (P < 0.001).
      Retinoic acid syndrome occurred in 52.9% of patients treated with ATRA, which
      affected the further use of ATRA. CONCLUSIONS: Both ATO and ATRA have high
      response rates for newly diagnosed patients with APL. Compared with ATRA, ATO
      induction therapy has shorter time to achieve CR and less adverse effects, and
      therefore may be the first-line therapy for APL.

PMID- 19968070
TI  - [Prognostic differences among different age limits in Chinese elderly patients
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasible age limits in Chinese elderly patients with
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). METHODS: The clinical data of 507 patients with NHL
      who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from January
      1990 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. They were further followed
      up by reviewing medical records or by phone. The deadline of follow-up was
      October 2008. RESULTS: The 5-year/8-year overall survival (OS) rates were
      64.6%/45.7%, 53.0%/ 44.1%, 32.8%/17.5%, 40.0%/22.8%, and 19.8%/0, respectively,
      in patients aged < 60 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, 70-74 years, and > or = 75
      years. The OS rate was significantly different between patients aged > or = 75
      years and other age groups, and between patients aged 65-70 years and patients
      younger than 60 years (P < 0.05). Only age, serum albumin, and hemoglobin
      affected the survival status in elderly NHL patients. CONCLUSION: Sixty-five
      years can be regarded as the age limit in Chinese NHL patients.

PMID- 19968071
TI  - [Blood concentration monitoring during high-dose methotrexate treatment].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of blood concentration monitoring during
      high-dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment. METHODS: High-dose MTX (1.5-9.0 g) was
      infused to 105 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma, and then
      the blood MTX concentration was measured by fluorescence polarization immune
      assay (FPIA) 44 hours after the start of administration. The procedure was
      repeated every 6-12 hours until the concentration was less than 0.1 micromol/L.
      RESULTS: Forty-four hours after the start of administration, the blood MTX
      concentration (C(MTX/44h)) was > or = 5 micromol/L in 6 patients (2.8%) and was
      between 1 and 5 micromol/L in 23 patients (10.6%). C(MTX/44h) > or = 1 micromol/L
      was more common in patients received 5.0 g MTX. No severe adverse event was
      observed in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Blood MTX concentration is different after
      high-dose MTX treatment due to individual metabolic differences, and therefore it
      is clinically important to monitor blood concentration of MTX. Elimination delay
      is more common in patients receive 5.0 g MTX. Application of high-dose MTX
      therapy under the monitoring of blood MTX concentration is safe and feasible.

PMID- 19968072
TI  - [Efficacy and safety of high-dose dexamethasone-based regimens in the newly
      diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose dexamethasone-based
      regiments in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment.
      METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
      patients with renal impairment who received high-dose dexamethasone-based
      regiments from August 2006 to August 2008 in Peking Union Medical College
      Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: After receiving a median 4
      cycles of high-dose dexamethasone-based regiments, renal impairment was reversed
      in 7 patients (31.8%) with a median time to reversal of 31 days. Sixteen patients
      (72.7%) achieved overall response, including 7 patients (31.8%) had complete
      remission / near complete remission. The grade 3 or 4 adverse events included
      neutropenia (13.6%), infections (22.7%), peripheral neuropathy (9.1%), and ileus
      (4.5%). CONCLUSION: The high-dose dexamethasone-based regiments are safe and
      effective for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment.

PMID- 19968073
TI  - [Clinical features and prognosis in 49 patients with Castleman's disease].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with
      Castleman's disease (CD). METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of 49 patients
      with CD diagnosed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1990 to
      December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In patients with uni
      centric CD (UCD), hyaline vascular type had the highest percentage (88.2%,
      15/17), which was significantly higher than that of either plasma cell type
      (5.9%, 1/17) or mixed cell type (5.9%, 1/17) (P < 0.05). In patients with
      multicentric CD (MCD), there were no significant differences among the
      percentages of different histopathologic types. In contrast to patients with UCD,
      patients with MCD were relatively older and had more typical clinical features,
      more frequent complications, and more frequent abnormal laboratory results.
      Twenty patients with UCD achieved complete remission (CR) after surgery, and
      their complications also disappeared one month later. Twenty-three out of 29
      patients with MCD were treated with chemotherapy; only 6 patients achieved CR and
      9 achieved partial remission (PR), and the overall response rate was 65.2%. Two
      patients who initially did not responded to chemotherapy achieved CR after the
      addition of rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical features of CD are multifarious
      and nonspecific, and diagnosis is exclusively depended on histopathology. UCD has
      a good prognosis after surgery, while MCD often poorly responds to chemotherapy
      and has a relatively poor prognosis. New drugs and clinical trials are needed to
      improve the outcome of MCD.

PMID- 19968074
TI  - [Clinical features of invasive pulmonary fungal infection secondary to malignant
      blood diseases].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features of invasive pulmonary fungal
      infection (IPFI) secondary to malignant blood diseases (MBD). METHODS: We
      retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 52 patients with IPFI secondary to
      MBD admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1995 to
      December 2008. RESULTS: The incidences of IPFI secondary to acute myeloid
      leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL),
      and aplastic anemia (AA) were 4.6%, 3.2%, 2.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. In
      patients with IPFI secondary to AML, 88.5% (23/26) of the patients suffered from
      the infections during the non-remission (NR) period (including relapse), and
      11.5% (3/26) in the complete-remission (CR) period. In all the patients with IPFI
      secondary to malignant blood diseases, 86.5% (45/52) of MBD were neutropenic or
      agranulocytic, and 67.3% (35/52) had been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
      for more than 96 hours before anti-fungal therapy. The total mortality after anti
      fungal therapy was 13.7% (7/51). More than half of patients with fluconazole or
      itraconazole as the first-line therapy had to switch to other medicines because
      of poor infection control. CONCLUSIONS: IPFI secondary to MBD is most common in
      AML patients. Patients with NR of AML, neutropenia or agranulocytosis, and long
      term broad-spectrum antibiotics usage are susceptible to IPFI. Fluconazole and
      itraconazole have low efficacy, and other more potent anti-fungal medicines
      should be considered.

PMID- 19968075
TI  - [Frequency of factor VIII inhibitor in the patients with hemophilia A and
      environmental risk factors for inhibitor development].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To screen for factor VIII inhibitor in patients with hemophilia A (HA)
      and explore the environmental risk factors for inhibitor development. METHODS:
      Totally 265 patients with HA were enrolled, including 107 consecutive inpatients
      and outpatients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2003 to April
      2007 and 158 patients newly recruited from other hospitals. FVIII: C activity was
      measured by one-stage coagulation assay. FVIII inhibitor was determined using
      Bethesda method. RESULTS: In 265 HA patients, FVIII inhibitor was detected in 22
      patients (8.3%). Nine of them (86.4%) were low responders (inhibitor titers < or
      = 5 000 BU/L), 3 (13.6%) were high responders (the titers > 5 000 BU/L). The
      frequency of FVIII inhibitor was 50% in the patients aged over 50 years, which
      was significantly higher than those in other age groups (P = 0. 000). Among 158
      newly recruited patients with full clinical data, the frequency of FVIII
      inhibitor was 12.8% in patients who had received infusion of FVIII products for
      more than 12 doses on average each year, while it was 5.8% in whom the infusion
      doses were less than 12 (P = 0.156). The frequency of FVIII inhibitor was 28.5%
      in patients with a history of continuous infusion of FVIII products whereas it
      was only 1.6% in patients without such history (P = 0.000). In patients who
      exposed to multiple-branded or single-branded FVIII products, the frequencies of
      FVIII inhibitor were 9.3% and 3.9%, respectively (P = 0.229). CONCLUSION: The
      development of factor VIII inhibitor in patients with hemophilia A may be related
      to the age and the history of continuous infusion of FVIII products.

PMID- 19968076
TI  - [Effects of selenium and/or iodine deficiency on chondrocyte apoptosis in rats].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of selenium and/or iodine deficiency on
      chondrocyte apoptosis in articular cartilage in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight
      Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into selenium deficiency group, iodine
      deficiency group, combined selenium and iodine deficiency group, and control
      group. Chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, and Bcl-2 and Bax in
      articular cartilage were stained by immunohistochemistry in F3 generation of
      rats. RESULTS: In articular cartilage, the positive rate of apoptotic
      chondrocytes stained by TUNEL in the upper and middle zones in selenium
      deficiency group, iodine deficiency group, and combined selenium and iodine
      deficiency group (all P < 0.05) were significantly higher than that in control
      group. The apoptotic chondrocytes were prominent in the middle zone. The positive
      percentage of chondrocytes apoptosis was not significantly different among these
      three groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of both
      Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly higher in the upper and middle zone in the
      selenium deficiency group, iodine deficiency group, and combined selenium and
      iodine deficiency group (all P < 0.05); however, the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax
      were not significantly different among these three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION:
      Selenium and/or iodine deficiency may induce chondrocyte apoptosis.

PMID- 19968077
TI  - [Angiogenesis and its maturation of hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation
      with the deoxyhemoglobin parameters R2 * and T2 * values by using noninvasive
      magnetic resonance imaging].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the angiogenesis and its maturation of hepatocellular
      carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation with deoxyhemoglobin parameters R2 * and T2 *
      values and the lesion/muscle R2*, T2 * ratio by using noninvasive magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: T2 *, R2 * values and the lesion/muscle R2 *,
      T2 * ratio in tumor periphery and center were calculated via series T2 * images
      in a total of 31 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed HCC. After
      surgery, all sections were obtained from the specimen periphery in accordance
      with the MR analyzed areas. Continuous slices of each lesion were stained with
      hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and immunohistochemical staining was performed in
      vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Flk-1, proliferating cell nuclear
      antigen (PCNA), CD34, and alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA). The expressions of
      VEGF, Flk-1, and PCNA index (PI) were evaluated. According to CD34 and SMA, some
      vascular parameters, including number, mean vessel area, total vessel area,
      circumference, diameter, distance between adjacent vessels, and variety index of
      microvessel and mature vessel, were calculated with a computed analysis system.
      The amounts of arterioles and veinlets, mature vessel index, and mean perfused
      fraction (mPF) were also recorded. All vessel parameters were compared with the
      calculated values of MRI. RESULTS: R2 * value or lesion/muscle R2 * ratio
      decreased and T2 * value or the lesion/muscle T2 * ratio increased in HCC when
      compared with hepatic parenchyma (P < 0.05); however, those values between lesion
      periphery and center and among different pathological grades were not
      significantly different (P > 0.05). T2 * value and the lesion/muscle T2 * ratio
      significantly decreased when the expression of VEGF was positive (P < 0.05). T2 *
      value was negatively correlated with microvessel amount (P = 0.047, r = - 0.639),
      while T2 * value and the lesion/muscle T2 * ratio were positively correlated with
      mPF (P = 0.040, r = 0.655; P = 0.048, r = 0.40, respectively). R2 * value was
      also positively correlated with mean area (P = 0.028, r = 0.688), total area (P =
      0.021, r = 0.712) or circumference (P = 0.037, r = 0.663) of microvessel, and
      negatively correlated with mPF (P = 0.024, r = - 0.702). Meanwhile, the
      lesion/muscle R2 * ratio was positively correlated with mean area (P = 0.043, r =
      0.647) and circumference (P = 0.026, r = 0.694) of microvessels. CONCLUSION: R2 *
      or T2 * value may be influenced by the variation of deoxyhemoglobin caused by the
      heterogeneity of angiogenesis.

PMID- 19968078
TI  - [Mechanism of endothelial Rho/Rho kinase in extravascular migration of
      fibrosarcoma cell].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of endothelial Rho/Rho kinase in extravascular
      migration of fibrosarcoma cell. METHODS: We used an in vitro model of
      fibrosarcoma cell transmigration across a monolayer of human umbilical vein
      endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultured on collagen gel to observe extravascular
      migration of fibrosarcoma cells, and then calculated the electrical resistance of
      HUVEC monolayer and endothelial myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in
      extravascular migration of fibrosarcoma cells. RESULTS: Fibrosarcoma cells
      migrated through endothelial cells into collagen gel. The electrical resistance
      of a HUVEC monolayer reduced and endothelial MLC phosphorylation enhanced in the
      extravascular migration of fibrosarcoma cells. Endothelial Rho inhibitor (C3
      transferase) and Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) inhibited the extravascular
      migration of fibrosarcoma cells and inhibited the reduction of electrical
      resistance of a HUVEC monolayer and the enhancement of endothelial MLC
      phosphorylation in extravascular migration of fibrosarcoma cells. CONCLUSION:
      Endothelial Rho/Rho kinase may regulate fibrosarcoma cell transendothelial
      migration through MLC phosphorylation.

PMID- 19968079
TI  - [Effects of emodin on expression of cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in
      corneal fibroblasts].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of emodin on expression of cytokines
      induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cultured human corneal fibroblasts in
      vitro. METHODS: Primary human corneal fibroblasts of passages 4 were used in this
      research. Cells were treated with 10 microg/L LPS for 1, 2, 4, or 8 hours, which
      were pretreated with or without emodin for 30 minutes before LPS challenge. The
      degeneration of inhibitor of kappaB-alpha (I kappaB-alpha) and the effect of
      emodin on it were analyzed by Western blot analysis with a specific antibody. The
      cellular abundance of the mRNA of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from corneal
      fibroblasts under different conditions was determined by reverse transcriptase
      polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Compared with cells without LPS
      treatment, I kappaB-alpha level significantly decreased in every time point after
      LPS challenge (P < 0.01). Emodin inhibited the LPS-induced degeneration of I
      kappaB-alpha by corneal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).
      Compared with cells without LPS treatment, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA
      significantly increased in every time point after LPS challenge (P < 0.01). At
      the same time, the expressions of the mRNA of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by LPS in
      corneal fibroblasts were also inhibited by emodin in a dose-dependent manner (P <
      0.05). CONCLUSION: Emodin can inhibit the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA
      induced by LPS in corneal fibroblasts, which maybe via inhibiting the
      degeneration of I kappaB-alpha and suppressing the activation of nuclear factor
      kappaB.

PMID- 19968080
TI  - [Efficacy of intraperitoneally injected epirubicin-loaded poly (d, l)-lactic acid
      microspheres alone or combined with free epirubicin in treating hepatocellular
      carcinoma in mice].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of intraperitoneally injected epirubicin (EPI)
      loaded poly (d, l)-lactic acid (PLA) microspheres (MS) alone or combined with
      free epirubicin (FEPI) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice.
      METHODS: Mice that were transplanted with H22 ascites HCC were randomized into
      seven groups, which were intraperitoneally injected with blank microspheres,
      normal saline, three different doses of microspheres (9, 18, and 36 mg/kg EPI) ,
      FEPI (9 mg/kg) , and the combination (microspheres with EPI 4.5 mg/kg + FEPI 4.5
      mg/kg). The survival time of all animals was recorded. The rates of increase in
      life span of all the treatment groups were calculated. RESULTS: EPI-PLA-MS
      significantly prolonged the survival time of HCC mice in a dose-dependent manner,
      with a maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of 18 - 36 mg/kg. The combination group had
      the highest average survival time, median survival time, and rate of increase in
      life span, which were (40.0 +/- 16.9) days, 33.5 days, and 222.58%, respectively.
      CONCLUSION: EPI-PLA-MS combined with FEPI is highly effective in treating HCC in
      mice when intraperitoneally injected.

PMID- 19968081
TI  - [Correlation between neuroretinal rim area/retinal nerve fiber layer thickness
      and differential light sensitivity in visual field in primary open angle
      glaucoma].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between neuroretinal rim area (RA)
      /retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and differential light sensitivity
      (DLS) in visual field in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Fifty-one
      eyes of 51 patients with POAG were examined with HRT II, GDx VCC, and Octopus 101
      for RA, RNFL thickness, and DLS. Their correlations were evaluated with linear
      and logarithmic regression models globally and for individual sectors. RESULTS:
      In all the considered patients, visual field DLS was significantly correlated
      with neuroretinal RA or RNFL thickness globally and in individual sectors.
      Logarithmic fits were significantly better than linear fits for the global data
      and in most sectors. In preperimetric glaucoma, such correlations were weak and
      linear (R2 = 0.01-0.26). However, in perimetric glaucoma, the correlations were
      much stronger and curvilinear model gave the better fit (R2 = 0.15-0.84).
      Neuroretinal RA and RNFL thickness were linearly correlated. CONCLUSION:
      Neuroretinal RA, RNFL thickness, and DLS in visual field were well correlated in
      POAG.

PMID- 19968082
TI  - [Effect of remifentanil preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
      injury].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the delayed cardioprotection induced by remifentanil in
      intact rat ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models. METHODS: Totally 42 adult male
      Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6 in each
      group): In Group I, rats were injected with normal saline via tail vein,
      performed with the regimen of 3 x 5-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion at a rate of
      0.1 ml x kg(-1) min(-1) 24 h before I/R; In Group II, rats were treated according
      to the same experimental protocols as in Group I except receiving additional
      naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before normal saline pretreatment; In Groups III,
      IV, V, and VI, rats were treated with remifentanil via tail vein, performed with
      the regime of 3 x 5-min i.v. infusion at a rate of 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) 12
      h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h before I/R; In Group VII, the rats were treated according
      to the same experimental protocols as in Group IV except that they received
      additional naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before remifentanil pretreatment.
      Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and a lead II electrocardiogram
      were continuously monitored during IR process. To determine plasma concentration
      of creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), arterial blood samples were
      obtained immediately before ischemia, and at the end of ischemia and reperfusion.
      After a 120-min reperfusion, heart was removed for the measurement of myocardial
      infarct size. Infarct size (IS) was expressed as percentage of the area at risk.
      RESULTS: HR, MAP, and rate-pressure product were not significantly different at
      each time points among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared with Group I, plasma
      concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and reperfusion and myocardial
      infarct size were significantly lower in Groups IV and V (P < 0.05). Compared
      with Group IV, plasma concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and
      reperfusion were significantly higher and myocardial infarct size was
      significantly larger in Group VII (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Remifentanil
      preconditioning induces delayed cardioprotection in intact rat ischemia
      reperfusion model, which may be triggered via opioid receptors.

PMID- 19968083
TI  - [Feasibility of packaging screening for cervical cancer, breast cancer, and
      reproductive tract infection in a rural area in China].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of cervical cancer, breast cancer, and
      reproductive tract infection (RTI) among women living in a county of China,
      identify these women's recognition about these three diseases and their attitude
      toward the screening, and evaluate the feasibility of the packaging screening
      program in rural areas in China. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, women
      aged 30-59 living in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province, were surveyed by
      questionnaires and screened with visual inspection of cervix, breast clinic
      examination, and combined clinical examination and laboratory tests for RTI.
      RESULTS: Totally 630 women underwent interviews and packaging screening. The
      prevalences of cervical precancerous lesion, breast benign disease, and RTI were
      0.2%, 14.0%, and 53.2%, respectively. No cancer case was found. The percentages
      of women knowing cervical cancer, breast cancer, and RTI as common diseases in
      women were 70.5%, 63.5%, and 52.9% after health education. Up to 92.5% of women
      preferred packaging screening to screening for single disease; however, they were
      not willing to pay the screening at current high cost. CONCLUSIONS: The
      prevalences of breast benign disease and RTI are relatively high among women in
      rural areas in China. The women's recognition about these three diseases is
      moderately good. The packaging screening program is well accepted and feasible in
      rural areas.

PMID- 19968084
TI  - [Comprehensive evaluation of living kidney donors via multislice spiral computed
      tomography reconstruction].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT)
      reconstruction technique in evaluation of living kidney donors. METHODS: From
      January 2006 to January 2009, six living kidney donors (3 men and 3 women, mean
      age 50. 1 years) in Peking Union Medical Hospital underwent preoperative MSCT
      scanning to observe renal parenchyma, renal vessels, and collecting system. The
      64-slice spiral CT scan technology was used for reconstruction of renal vascular
      and collection system, with maximum intensity projection (MIP), curved planar
      reformation (CPR), and volume rendering (VR). Surgical data of the 6 cases were
      followed up and the results of surgery served as controls. RESULTS: Seven renal
      arteries, including 1 right accessory artery, appeared at MSCT. Six renal veins,
      renal pelvis, and ureters were observed. All of their left kidneys were
      surgically resected and successfully transplanted into recipients. The
      operational findings were consistent with MSCT findings, with the accuracy of
      100%. CONCLUSIONS: MSCT is an important technique for the comprehensive
      evaluation of living kidney donors. The technique deserves to be further applied.

PMID- 19968085
TI  - [Efficacy and safety of the thrombolytic therapy with urokinase after systemic
      pulmonary shunt].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy with
      urokinase after systemic-pulmonary shunt. METHODS: Six patients who had
      thrombosis after systemic-pulmonary shunt were enrolled in this study. At the
      background of administration of the heparin at a dose of 0.2-0.3 U x kg(-1) min(
      1), urokinase was intravenously administered with a loading dose of 15-20 U x kg(
      1) x min(-1) and a locked time period of 30 minutes, and then the dose was
      incessantly decreased to 4-10 U x kg(-1) x min(-1). In addition to
      echocardiography (ECG), arterial partial pressure of oxygen/inspired oxygen
      fraction (PaO2/FiO2), fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, and
      prothrombin time were determined to assess the clinical efficacy and side
      effects. RESULTS: The thrombolytic therapy with urokinase showed clinical
      effectiveness within 1 or 2 hours in all 6 patients. Efficiency of this therapy
      reached 100% during 12 to 24 hours. In 5 patients, the PaO2/FiO2 were over 50%
      higher than the early postoperative values. One patient received a second
      operation due to the excessively increased pulmonary blood flow. In 2 patients,
      pleural and mediastinal drainages increased when the thrombolytic therapy with
      urokinase began; however, they decreased after the urokinase dosages were
      adjusted. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to use the thrombolytic therapy with proper
      dosage of urokinase after systemic-pulmonary shunt.

PMID- 19968086
TI  - [Advances in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly].
AB  - Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tolerate intensive
      chemotherapy poorly and usually have poor prognosis. For elderly patients in good
      physical condition and without severe dysfunction of major organs, standard
      intensive induction chemotherapy is superior to non-intensive treatment or best
      supportive care alone. However, low-dose chemotherapy as post-remission treatment
      has more advantages than intensive chemotherapy. Intensive chemotherapy is not
      suitable for patients with unfavorable karyotypes, and genetic analysis is needed
      for individualized therapy regimen. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin may improve the
      survival of elderly patients who are intolerant to standard chemotherapy. Some
      patients may benefit from the transplantation of allogeneic stem cells after
      reduced-intensity conditioning.

PMID- 19968087
TI  - [Advances in etiology and management of Castleman's disease].
AB  - Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. The etiology of
      CD may involve viral infection, abnormal modulation of cytokines, and
      angiogenesis. Human herpes virus (HHV) -8 infection and interleukin-6 (IL-6)
      overexpression may play key roles in the development of CD. Treatment options
      include surgical excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, antiviral therapy,
      and targeted therapy. No standardized treatment has been established for
      multicentric CD and the treatment efficacy usually is poor. Among newly available
      agents, the effectiveness of antiviral therapy against HHV-8 is unclear; anti
      CD20 and anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies have shown promising efficacy;
      thalidomide and bortezomib have shown their initial efficacy.

PMID- 19968088
TI  - [Research advances in aspirin resistance].
AB  - Aspirin is an important antithrombotic agent. However, its clinical benefit is
      impaired by aspirin resistance. The term of "aspirin resistance" usually refers
      to laboratory resistance. It can be identified by measuring thromboxane A2 or
      thromboxane-dependent platelet function. Clinical trials have shown that
      laboratory aspirin resistance is correlated with vascular events.

PMID- 19968089
TI  - [Advances in thalidomide therapy for idiopathic myelofibrosis].
AB  - Idiopathic myelofibrosis a Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative
      disorder. Potentially curative therapies, such as stem-cell transplantation, are
      reserved only for a minority of patients. Currently palliative therapies such as
      androgen and hydroxycarbamide are commonly used but with poor results.
      Thalidomide has anti-angiogenic effect and also can inhibit cytokines, and
      therefore plays a certain role in the treatment of a subset of idiopathic
      myelofibrosis.

PMID- 19968090
TI  - [Basic and clinical research on paraneoplastic pemphigus].
AB  - Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease
      associated with neoplasms. Clinically, it is characterized by severe mucosal
      erosions and various cutaneous lesions. Suprabasal acantholysis and cleft with
      scattered necrotic keratinocytes are the unique histopathological features of
      PNP. The pathogenic autoantibodies existed in PNP sera, and their production was
      correlated with the associated tumor. Early detection and resection of the tumor
      are essential for the treatment of the disease.

PMID- 19968091
TI  - [Estimation and forecast of volatile organic compounds emitted from paint uses in
      China].
AB  - Based on the current consumptions and forecast consumptions of paints in China,
      using the volatile organic compounds (VOC) contents of paints calculated as
      emission factors, an emission inventory model was established to calculate
      provincial, sector-specific, and species-specific VOC emissions during 2005-2020.
      The results indicated that the VOC amount emitted from paint use was 1883 kt in
      2005, of which aromatics, alcohol compounds, ester compounds, ether compounds and
      ketone compounds were the main species. The maximum incremental reactivity
      (MIR,O3/VOC) of VOC emitted in 2005 was about 3.6 g/kg, and the toxic VOC
      accounted for 31% of the total in weight. The VOC emissions would increase to
      5673 kt in 2020 if there were no further control policies and actions taken.
      Therefore, it is essential to implement the VOC emission control from paint uses
      as soon as possible. Two control scenarios were developed to evaluate the
      potential of VOC emission reductions. In 2020, VOC emissions from paint uses
      might be controlled at 3 519 kt through the improvement of paints quality to the
      level of that in developed countries in 1990s and installation of waste gas
      treatment equipments in newly-built factories. VOC emissions could be further
      reduced to 2243 kt if the quality of decorative paint and wood paint would be
      improved to the current level of that in developed countries and all factories
      install waste gas treatment equipments. All these control measures also helpe to
      reduce the toxicity and atmospheric oxidation reactivity of VOC emissions.

PMID- 19968092
TI  - [Estimation of VOC emission from forests in China based on the volume of tree
      species].
AB  - Applying the volume data of dominant trees from statistics on the national forest
      resources, volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions of each main tree species
      in China were estimated based on the light-temperature model put forward by
      Guenther. China's VOC emission inventory for forest was established, and the
      space-time and age-class distributions of VOC emission were analyzed. The results
      show that the total VOC emissions from forests in China are 8565.76 Gg, of which
      isoprene is 5689.38 Gg (66.42%), monoterpenes is 1343.95 Gg (15.69%), and other
      VOC is 1532.43 Gg (17.89%). VOC emissions have significant species variation.
      Quercus is the main species responsible for emission, contributing 45.22% of the
      total, followed by Picea and Pinus massoniana with 6.34% and 5.22%, respectively.
      Southwest and Northeast China are the major emission regions. In specific,
      Yunnan, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Shaanxi are the top five provinces
      producing the most VOC emissions from forests, and their contributions to the
      total are 15.09%, 12.58%, 10.35%, 7.49% and 7.37%, respectively. Emissions from
      these five provinces occupy more than half (52.88%) of the national emissions.
      Besides, VOC emissions show remarkable seasonal variation. Emissions in summer
      are the largest, accounting for 56.66% of the annual. Forests of different ages
      have different emission contribution. Half-mature forests play a key role and
      contribute 38.84% of the total emission from forests.

PMID- 19968093
TI  - [Agro-ecosystem ammonia emission in Sichuan-Chongqing region].
AB  - Ammonia (NH3) emission from agro-ecosystem in the Sichuan-Chongqing region during
      1990-2004, was estimated by the regional nitrogen cycling model IAP-N. The county
      level agricultural activities data were used, and Sichuan-Chongqing region was
      divided into four sub-areas by the geographical characteristics , environment and
      local climatic conditions and administrative division. The results showed that
      average annual ammonia emissions (in nitrogen gauge) in 1990-1994, 1995-1999,
      2000-2004 were 626.7, 670.5 and 698.8 Gg x a(-1) respectively. The ammonia
      emission appeared increasing trend, whereas, the contribution of various ammonia
      sources presented little change. For instance, in 2000-2004, the contributions of
      NH3 emission from fertilized cropland, manure management system and field
      residues burning to the total ammonia emission of agro-ecosystem in the Sichuan
      Chongqing region were 53%, 46% and 1%, equals to 374.9, 318.2 and 5.6 Gg x a(-1)
      respectively. But the contributions were variable in different regions. Ammonia
      emission was primarily induced by fertilized cropland in Chengdu plain and
      Chongqing hilly area, whereas, in northwest sub-region of Sichuan province was
      manure management system. The geographical distribution of ammonia emission from
      agro-ecosystem in the Sichuan-Chongqing region was generally "east high and west
      low". Ammonia emissions in sub-regions of Chongqing hilly area, Chengdu plain,
      southwest and northwest sub-regions were 165.6, 408.8, 85.9 and 38.8 Gg x a(-1),
      respectively, during 2000-2004. At the same time, ammonia density were 20 and 28
      kg x (hm2 x a)(-1) in sub-regions of the Chongqing hilly area and the Chengdu
      plain, whereas, 9.1 and 1.6 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1) in southwest and northwest sub
      regions, respectively. The results will provide a scientific basis for making
      fertilizer effectively applied and mitigate NH3 and GHG emissions from agro
      ecosystem of Sichuan-Chongqing region.

PMID- 19968094
TI  - [Study of the "weekend effect" of O3, NOx and other pollutants in summer of
      Beijing].
AB  - The data of O3, NOx (NO and NO2), CO and SO2 observed at Beijing 325m
      meteorological tower from June 25 to July 7, 2000 and from July 26 to August 22,
      2000 are used to analyze the difference of pollutant concentrations on weekends
      and weekdays, and its causes. Results show that except SO2, the correlations of
      O3, NOx, NO, NO2 and CO concentrations between weekends and weekdays are very
      significant,since they all pass the t-test significance level at alpha = 0.05.
      The correlation coefficients (R) are 0.99, 0.61, 0.56, 0.80 and 0.61 for O3, NOx,
      NO, NO2 and CO3, respectively. Weekend NO, and CO concentrations are lower than
      weekday concentrations in rush hours (06:00-08:00), and the mean deviations for
      NOx and CO concentrations are -28% and -9%, respectively. The regression
      coefficient of O3 concentrations between weekends and weekdays is 1.25 +/- 0.02.
      Furthermore, the maximum 1-h average O3 concentration and maximum 8-h average O3
      concentration on weekends are 23% and 26% higher than those on weekdays,
      respectively, indicating an obvious O3 "weekend effect".

PMID- 19968095
TI  - [Effects of biodiesel on fine particles (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons from diesel engine].
AB  - PM2.5 emissions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 of pure
      biodiesel derived from different feedstocks were investigated and compared with
      diesel fuel. B100-1 (soyabean oil derived), B100-2 (waste oil derived) and diesel
      fuel were tested on a diesel engine bench at four operating conditions, including
      two steady speeds of different loads. The fine particles were collected by fiber
      quartz filter and particle phase PAHs were analyzed by GC-MS. Compared with
      diesel fuel, biodiesel decreased PM2.5 emission rates with a maximal reduction
      rate of 37.3% at operating modes of high loads, while increased PM2.5 emission
      rates at low loads. PAHs emission rates from biodiesel decreased at all tested
      modes, with a maximal reduction rate of 77.6%. The emission rates of PM2.5 and
      PAHs of B100-2 were 14.7% and 17.8% times of B100-1. Low molecular weight PAHs
      dominated in the emission of three fuels with phenanthrene as maxima and 2-ring
      and 3-ring PAHs accounted for more than 50% of the total PAHs. Toxic equivalence
      of PAHs emissions of biodiesel was decreased greatly compared with that of
      diesel.

PMID- 19968096
TI  - [GC x GC measurements of atmospheric aromatic compounds near a busy high-speed
      road in Beijing].
AB  - Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) is a powerful
      instrumental tool often used to analyze complex mixtures. An optimized GC x GC
      method had been applied to the quantitative analysis of aromatic compounds in air
      samples collected near a busy high-speed road in Beijing during the 2007 National
      Holidays. In the resulting GC x GC chromatograms, aromatic species were resolved
      from other compound classes and were grouped in a manner that facilitated
      identification and integration, showing more information of aromatic compounds
      compared to traditional one-dimensional GC. Totally more than 30 aromatic species
      were identified and quantified. The average concentrations of monocyclic aromatic
      compounds ranged from 0.75 x 10(-9) to 24.64 x 10(-9) C, with toluene having the
      highest concentration, followed by m, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. The average
      concentrations of the measured polycyclic aromatic compounds ranged from 0.03 x
      10(-9) to 2.28 x 10(-9) C, with naphthalene having the highest concentration,
      followed by 2-methyl-naphthalene and 4-methyl-1, 1'-biphenyl. The four-ring and
      higher polycyclic aromatic compounds were not detectable in the gaseous samples.
      The levels of aromatic compounds were significantly influenced by meteorological
      parameters. Benzene and toluene were poorly correlated with higher aromatic
      compounds though the latter compounds were highly correlated among each other,
      suggesting that both were significantly influenced by sources other than vehicle
      exhaust and gasoline evaporation.

PMID- 19968097
TI  - [Experimental studies on low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO on
      magnetic iron-based catalysts].
AB  - Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO is a new technique
      needing urgent development in flue gas cleaning. Elementary studies were done
      about selective catalytic reduction of NO from flue gas on magnetic iron oxides
      with ammonia at low and medium temperatures in a fluidized bed, such as Fe3O4 and
      gamma-Fe2O3. Magnetic field effects for NO removal on gamma-Fe2O3 were also
      researched with low assisted magnetic fileds. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy was
      used to identify and characterize the iron oxides catalysts. Results show that
      gamma-Fe2O3 is active in SCR at low temperatures, and Fe3O4 is apparently less
      active in SCR than gamma-Fe2O3, but Fe2O3 is also active in ammonia oxidation by
      O2 above 25 degrees C. Therefore, the optimal catalytic temperature zone in SCR
      on gamma-Fe2O3 includes 250 degrees C and adjacent temperature zone below it.
      Furthermore, a better NO conversion, which is 90%, is obtained at 250 degrees C
      on the gamma-Fe2O3 particle catalyst. In addition, chemisorption of NO on gamma
      Fe2O3 is accelerated by assisted magnetic fields at 150-290 degrees C, thus the
      NO conversion is improved and higher NO removal efficiency of 95% is obtained at
      250 degrees C. But the efficiency of NO removal decreases above 290 degrees C
      with the magnetic field. It is concluded that gamma-FeO3 catalyst is fit to be
      used in low-temperature SCR of NO with ammonia at 200-250 degrees C, which may
      suppress oxidation of ammonia and take advantage of positive effects by external
      magnetic fields.

PMID- 19968098
TI  - [Effects of management regime on soil respiration from agroecosystems].
AB  - In order to examine the effects of management regime, such as nitrogen
      application and plowing method, on soil respiration from farmland, the static
      opaque chamber-gas chromatograph method was used to measure soil CO2 fluxes in
      situ. The field measurement was carried out for 5 growing seasons, which were the
      2002-2003 wheat, 2003 maize and soybean, 2003-2004 wheat, 2004 maize and 2004
      2005 wheat seasons. Our results showed that soil respiration increased in
      fertilizer-applied treatments compared with no fertilizer treatment after 3 times
      of fertilizer application on 9 November 2002, 14 February and 26 March 2003. And
      the most obvious increase appeared following the third fertilizer application. No
      significant difference in soil respiration was found among several fertilizer
      application treatments. The effect of plowing depth on soil respiration was
      contingent on preceding cropping practice. Over the 2003-2004 wheat-growing
      seasons (its preceding cropping practice was rice paddy), mean soil respiration
      rates were not significant different (p > 0.05) between no plowing treatment and
      shallow plowing treatment. The shallow plowing treatment CT2 led to higher soil
      CO2 losses compared with no plowing treatment of NT2 in the 2004 maize-growing
      season, however, the significant higher (p < 0.05) soil respiration rates
      occurred with no plowing treatment of NT3 in the following 2004-2005 wheat
      growing season. Intensive plowing (25 cm depth), compared with no plowing
      practice (NT4), increased soil respiration significantly during the 2004-2005
      wheat-growing season. Regression analysis showed that the exponential function
      could be employed to fit the relationship between soil respiration and
      temperature. The exponential relationship yielded the Q10 values which were
      varied from 1.26 to 3.60, with a mean value of 2.08. To evaluate the effect of
      temperature on soil respiration, the CO2 emission fluxes were normalized for each
      treatment and each crop growing season. Plotting the normalized soil respiration
      against the temperature, the exponential relationship between these two
      parameters becomes obvious. The temperature coefficient Q10 was then evaluated as
      1.66 according to the exponential relationship. Further investigation indicated
      that soil respiration could be well simulated by an empirical model in which the
      effects of both soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration were
      considered. This model described 54% variances of the measured 463 soil
      respiration rates, with a R2 of 0.54 and a p value less than 0.0001.

PMID- 19968099
TI  - [Effects of simulated acid rain on respiration rate of cropland system with
      different soil pH].
AB  - To evaluate the effects of acid rain on the respiration rate of cropland system,
      an outdoor pot experiment was conducted with paddy soils of pH 5.48 (S1), pH 6.70
      (S1) and pH 8.18 (S3) during the 2005-2007 wheat-growing seasons. The cropland
      system was exposed to acid rain by spraying the wheat foliage and irrigating the
      soil with simulated rainwater of T1 (pH 6.0), T2 (pH 6.0, ionic concentration was
      twice as rainwater T1), and T3 (pH 4.4, ionic concentration was twice as
      rainwater T1), respectively. The static opaque chamber-gas chromatograph method
      was used to measure CO2 fluxes from cropland system. The results showed that acid
      rain affected the respiration rate of cropland system through crop plant, and the
      cropland system could adapt to acid rain. Acid rainwater significantly increased
      the average respiration rate in alkaline soil (S3) cropland system, while it had
      no significant effects on the average respiration rate in neutral soil (S2) and
      acidic soil (S1) cropland systems. During 2005-2006, after the alkaline soil
      cropland system was treated with rainwater T3, the average respiration rate was
      23.6% and 27.6% higher than that of alkaline soil cropland system treated with
      rainwater T1 and T2, respectively. During March to April, the respiration rate
      was enhanced with the increase of rainwater ionic concentration, while it was
      dropped with the decrease of rainwater pH value in acidic soil cropland system.
      It was demonstrated that soil pH and crop plant played important roles on the
      respiration rate of cropland system.

PMID- 19968100
TI  - [Nonpoint source pollution model, AnnAGNPS, assessment for a mixed forested
      watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir area].
AB  - Watershed models provide a cost-effective and efficient means of estimating the
      pollutant loadings entering surface waters, especially when combined with
      traditional water quality sampling and analyses. But there have often been
      questions about the accuracy or certainty of models and their predictions. The
      main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS (Annualized
      AGricultural NonPoint Source)Pollution Model, in simulating runoff, sediment
      loading and nutrient loadings under Three Gorges Reservoir area. Most of model
      input parameters were sourced from Zigui Forest Ecology Station in Three Gorges
      Reservoir area, State Forestry Administration. Data year 2003 was used for
      calibration while data year 2004 was used for validation of the model. The whole
      evaluation consisted of determining the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash
      Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (E), and the percentage volume error (VE).
      Results showed that the model predicted the daily runoff volume within the range
      of acceptable accuracy. The runoff on a daily basis was underpredicted by 5.0%
      with R2 of 0.93 (p < 0.05) during calibration and underpredicted by 6.7% with R2
      of 0.90 (p < 0.05) during validation. But sediment loading was able to produce a
      moderate result. The model underpredicted the event-based sediment loading by
      15.1% with R2 of 0.63 (p < 0.05) during calibration and 26.7% with R2 of 0.59 (p
      < 0.05) during validation. For the events of small magnitude, the model generally
      overpredicted sediment loading, while the opposite was true for larger events.
      Nitrogen loading prediction was slightly better with R2 = 0.68 (p < 0.05), and
      phosphorus loading performance was slightly poor with R2 = 0.65 (p < 0.05). In
      general, the model performs well in simulating runoff compare to sediment loading
      and nutrient loadings, and as a watershed management tools it can be used for
      Three Gorges Reservoir area conditions that with mixed types of land uses and
      steep slopes.

PMID- 19968101
TI  - [Status analysis of nutrients and eutrophication assessment in Shenzhen coastal
      waters].
AB  - Based on the field data of Shenzhen coastal water quality in 2002-2007, variation
      characteristics of nutrients including NH4+ -N, NO3- -N, NO2- -N, PO4(3-) -P and
      DIN were presented. And the correlationships between nutrients and pH, salinity
      were also investigated. Furthermore, eutrophication index (E), organic pollution
      index (A) and potential eutrophication were employed to assess the eutrophication
      degree of Shenzhen coastal waters. Results show that the nutrient levels of east
      coast are higher than that of west coast. And the peak year of nutrients are 2002
      and 2006. The average concentrations of PO4(3-) -P and DIN are 0.007 mg/L and
      0.078 mg/L for Shenzhen east coast while 0.090 mg/L and 1.544 mg/L for west
      coast. Nutrients in Shenzhen coastal waters have negative correlations with pH
      and salinity. The N/P ratios are all far more than 16 indicating that Shenzhen
      coast belongs to seriously P-limiting water. Eutrophication degree of Shenzhen
      east coast is far lower than that of west coast, and the average eutrophication
      index of east coast is 0.11 while 42.15 for west coast. Furthermore, west coast
      is classified as P-limiting moderate level potential eutrophication area and even
      as P-limiting potential eutrophication level.

PMID- 19968102
TI  - [Nitrogen forms and its distribution character in immerged and water-level
      fluctuating zone soils of the backwater reach from input river of Three Gorges
      Reservoir].
AB  - This study measures the contents of different nitrogen forms in the immerged
      soils and the soils of water-level-fluctuating zone of the backwater area from
      input river of Three Gorges Reservoir, and analyzes the relationship between
      nitrogen forms and environmental parameters. The results indicates that: (1)
      Content of TN in the surface immerged soils ranged from 436.0 to 921.6 mg/kg, and
      that in the soils of water-level-fluctuating zone ranged from 1253.5 to 2439.8
      mg/kg. Compared with the TN content in surface immerged soils from the shallow
      lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, content of TN in the
      surface immerged soils is in the mid-lower level and the TN content in the soils
      of water-level-fluctuating zone is higher than that in the surface immerged
      soils. (2) Content of transferable nitrogen in the surface immerged soils ranged
      from 289.7 to 511.3 mg/kg, and that in the soils of water-level-fluctuating zone
      ranged from 271.6 to 595.1 mg/kg. Organic matter-sulfide form nitrogen (OSF-N) is
      the predominant form of the transferable nitrogen, whereas ion-exchangeable form
      nitrogen (IEF-N) is predominant in the transferable inorganic nitrogen. (3)
      Correlation coefficients between nitrogen forms and environmental parameters show
      that OSF-N is the main impact factor to increase the concentrations of total
      nitrogen and transferable nitrogen in the surface immerged soils and the soils of
      water-level-fluctuating zone. The increasing of the concentration of the
      transferable nitrogen is mainly from OSF-N.

PMID- 19968103
TI  - [Dissolved inorganic carbon and its carbon isotope composition in cascade
      reservoir of the Maotiao River during summer and autumn].
AB  - Water samples along water column in the front of dams and samples at 0.5 m below
      surface water from tributary rivers were collected in July and October, 2007. The
      water chemistry, concentrations of dissolve inorganic carbon and its carbon
      isotopic compositions were determined, in order to investigate the geochemical
      behavior of carbon in the Maotiao River. This study aimed to understand the
      variations of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and delta13
      C(DIC) during its transport along the cascade reservoirs and river system. The
      results showed that DIC concentrations in summer were lower than that in autumn.
      In summer, the DIC concentrations were 1.35-2.84 mmol/L, with an average value of
      2.12 mmol/L; and in autumn they fell into 2.03-3.98 mmol/L, with an average value
      of 2.67 mmol/L. The delta13 CD1 in surface water along Maotiao River ranged from 
      10.3% per hundred to -5.1% per hundred in summer, with a value of -8.6% per
      hundred in average, and in autumn, delta3 C(DIC) became more negative, and had a
      range from -13.0% per hundred to -6.9% per hundred, with an average value of 
      9.0% per hundred. Generally, DIC in surface water showed a trend to decrease from
      the upper reaches to lower reaches along Maotiao River, and t3 Cc1 gradually
      becam me more negative downstream. On the water column, DIC concentrations were
      higher in hypolimnion, while a delta13 C(DIC) had a reverse trend with higher
      values occurred in epilimnion. The results indicated that the hydrochemistry of
      river could be significantly changed by river damming processes. As for carbon,
      reservoir should be an important place for the transformation among the different
      carbon species.

PMID- 19968104
TI  - [Spatial distribution characteristics and ecological significance of alkaline
      phosphatase in water column of Taihu Lake].
AB  - Based on different ecological zone of Taihu Lake, alkaline phosphatase activity
      (APA), the kinetic parameters and the chemical parameters in water column from
      different zone of Taihu Lake were monitored, and the spatial distribution
      characteristics and the effects of environmental factors on the values of APA,
      Vmax and Km were studied. The results showed that the values of APA, Vmax and Km
      in water column from Taihu Lake had a spatial heterogeneous distribution. The
      spatial distribution characteristic of APA values was the same as that of Vmax,
      ones in water from different zones of Taihu Lake, namely, the maximal values of
      APA (9.43 +/- 5.30) nmol x (L x min)(-1) and Vmax (13.70 +/- 7.42) nmol x (L x
      min)(-1) occurred in water from estuary zone in western bank of Taihu Lake. The
      value distribution of APA and Vmax in other zone of Taihu Lake followed as: the
      central zone of Taihu Lake > the grass type zone of Taihu Lake > the Meiliang Bay
      zone of Taihu Lake > the Zhushan Bay zone of Taihu Lake > the Gonghu Bay zone of
      Taihu Lake. The value of Km from the grass type zone of Taihu Lake was the
      highest (20.50 +/- 11.30) micromol x L(-1) , and the one from estuary zone in
      western bank of Taihu Lake was the lowest (9.17 +/- 3.46) micromol x L(-1) The
      value of kinetic parameter Vmax was significantly positively correlated with the
      values of pH, total phosphorus (TP) and the chlorophyll a (Chla), with r(pH) =
      0.6512** (p < 0.01), r(TP) = 0.4885** (p < 0.01) and r(Chla) = 0.7656** (p <
      0.01), respectively. However, the effects of hydro-temperature, dissolved total
      phosphorus (DTP) and orthophosphorus (PO4(3-) -P) on Vmax values were negligible.
      There was no significant influence of the hydro-temperature, pH, DTP, PO4(3-)-P
      and Chla concentrations on the Km values, nevertheless significant negative
      relationship between the Km value and TP content was found with r = -0.3834* (p =
      0.048).

PMID- 19968105
TI  - [Remote chlorophyll a retrieval in Taihu Lake by three-band model using hyperion
      hyperspectral data].
AB  - To retrieve chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration in Taihu Lake by three-band model,
      a field study was conducted on August 19, 2004 to collect water samples (N=38),
      which contained widely variable Chla (7.8-154.3 microg x L(-1)) and total
      suspended solids (65.0-190.2 mg x L(-1) dry wt), and the synchronous Hyperion
      images was also acquired as remote sensing data. After obtaining the approximate
      range of wavelengths for the three bands by analyzing the inherent optical
      properties of Taihu Lake, the three-band models were spectrally tuned to select
      the bands for most accurate Chla estimation. Finally Hyperion B34 (691.37 nm),
      B37 (721.90 nm) and B50 (854.18 nm) were selected to establish a three-band
      model. The results show that strong linear relationship is found between
      analytically measured Chla and the three-band model (r = 0.934), which accounts
      for 87.2% of variation in Chla and allows estimation of Chla with a root mean
      square error (RMSE) of 13.93 microg x L(-1), whereas the traditional two-band
      models accounts for lower accuracies of Chla estimation (spectral ratio, R2 =
      0.844, RMSE = 15.41 microg x L(-1), and reflectance first-derivative, R2 = 0.831,
      RMSE = 16.00 microg x L(-1)). The findings prove that the three-band model is
      applicable for Chla retrieval in turbid, productive inland waters and by using
      Hyperion hyperspectral data.

PMID- 19968106
TI  - [Hydrochemical characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of mineralization
      for the groundwater in Minqin oasis].
AB  - In order to curb the deterioration of ecological environment and promote the
      economic and social sustainable development of Shiyang River Basin, the Minqin
      government implemented water-saving measures of the shut-in and pressure fields
      and water discharge engineering in Shiyang River downstream in 2001 and in 2006,
      respectively. Sixty-five groundwater samples were collected in Minqin County in
      2008 and the concentrations of major ions were analyzed in laboratory. The
      hydrochemistry characteristic of the groundwater was studied by traditional
      statistical analysis method. Results indicated the concentrations of the major
      ions, such as SO4(2-), Cl-, HCO3, CO3(2-), Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ in the
      groundwater samples, were (921 +/- 1042), (241 +/- 211), (282 +/- 123), (4.7 +/-
      11.7), (468 +/- 599), (156 +/- 166), (142 +/- 89) and (17.6 +/- 34.5) mg/L,
      respectively. There was increasing tendency for major ion concentrations along
      the groundwater flow direction. The groundwater mineralization was (2.2 +/- 1.9)
      g/L in 2008. The type of water samples in Minqin oasis mainly belonged to SO4(2-)
      - Cl- -Na+ -Mg2+. The average concentration of the NO3- was (8.1 +/- 9.9) mg/L in
      the groundwater of Minqin, and the nitrate-N content was over 10 mg/L in 1.54% of
      all of water samples, which was unsuitable for drinking. Based on the data of
      groundwater mineralization in 2002, 2005 and 2008, the spatial-temporal
      variations of groundwater mineralization were studied by geo-statistical analysis
      method. Kringing interpolation results showed that groundwater mineralization at
      the spatial distribution scale were took on a gradual increase pattern from south
      to north. As for the change trend of groundwater mineralization in south area of
      Minqin County, there was increasing trend from 2002 to 2005, but decreasing trend
      was occurred from 2005 to 2008. Change trend of groundwater mineralization in
      north area of Minqin oasis was opposite to that of in south area. There was
      decreasing trend for the groundwater mineralization in south area from 2005 to
      2008, which was due to the impact on water discharge in Shiyang River Basin.
      There was no significant improvement for groundwater by single water-saving
      measure, but the quality of groundwater was improved after water discharge in
      Shiyang River Basin.

PMID- 19968107
TI  - [Use of dinoflagellates as a metal toxicity assessment tool in aquatic system].
AB  - Although dinoflagellates have been used to assess biological toxicity of
      contaminants, this method still lacks of corresponding toxicity assessment
      standard. This study appraised the toxicity of selected heavy metals to
      dinoflagellates based on the dinoflagellates bioluminescence with QwikLite
      developed by the United States Navy. The results show that single heavy metal
      biological toxicity is in the order: Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > As5+ > Pb2+ > Cr6+;
      Two, three and four heavy metal mixture experiments show synergism primarily,
      antagonism is in minority. pH has not remarkable effect on dinoflagellates, they
      can be applied directly in natural water, but pH influence Hg2+ and Cu2+ toxicity
      greatly, eliminating the influence of pH is essential when doing these two kind
      of ions measurements. The nutrients has little influence on dinoflagellates,
      change in COD has obvious effect on the response relationships between
      dinoflagellates and Hg2+ or CU2+. Metal toxicity assessment using dinoflagellates
      shows great sensitivity, narrow response scope and high stability.
      Dinoflagellates are good species for heavy metal biological toxicity test in
      aquatic system.

PMID- 19968108
TI  - [Experimental study on removal of micro-organic pollutants for special ecosystem
      using ecological embankments].
AB  - An experimental model was made on the improvement of sources water quality in the
      Huangpu River through the construction of a special aquatic ecosystem using
      ecological embankments. A 6 d retention time (RT) gave the highest removal rate
      capacity and benefit of micro-organic pollutants. Under these conditions, the
      removal rates were 70.5% atrazine, 57.7% dimethyl phthalate, 72.4% phthalic acid
      bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, 62.4% diethyl phthalate, and 45.1% dibutyl phthalate.
      The varieties of micro-organic pollutants reduced from 51 to 28. In contrast, in
      the control pool with hard embankment, the removal rates only reached 40.2%
      atrazine, 42.9% dimethyl phthalate, 54.8% phthalic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester,
      52.0% diethyl phthalate, and 16.2% dibutyl phthalate. Through coordination of all
      constituent elements of special aquatic ecosystem, significant amounts of micro
      organic pollutants were removed.

PMID- 19968109
TI  - [Treatment of bromoamine acid wastewater by combined ALR-BAC process].
AB  - Combined ALR-BAC was used to treat bromoamine acid wastewater. The results showed
      that the ALR system could run steadily for over 1 months at the BAA concentration
      650 mg x L(-1) after one-month acclimation, the decoloration rate of BAA was
      reached to about 90% within 12 h, and the removal rate of COD was about 50%, the
      precipitation performance of the suspended microorganism was good. When the
      influent bromoamine acid concentration was above 200 mg x L(-1), the
      decolorization products of BAA were easy to undergo auto-oxidation and the yellow
      intermediate products which were difficult to biodegrade were formed. The BAC
      process could inhibit the auto-oxidation of the decolorization products
      effectively, and the decolorization products could be biodegraded gradually. When
      there were no added sulphate, the concentrations of Br- and SO4(2-) were
      increased as the COD concentration reduced. Ultimately, the release rates of Br-
      and SO4(2-) were 72.2% and 66.9%, the COD removal efficiency was about 85.7%.

PMID- 19968110
TI  - [Degradation of 3-chlorophenol in aqueous solution by combined process of gamma
      radiation and H2O2].
AB  - The radiolytical degradation of 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) in aqueous solution was
      investigated using gamma-radiation and gamma-radiation/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
      combined process. The effect of absorbed dose, initial concentration of 3-CP and
      addition of H2O2 on pollutant degradation, dechlorination and the degree of
      mineralization was studied by measuring the removal efficiency of 3-CP, the
      variation of total organic carbon (TOC), the dechlorination rate, and the
      absorbance spectrum of vis-UV. The kinetics of 3-CP degradation was also
      discussed. The results showed that when 3-CP concentration was 10 mg x L(-1) and
      the absorbed dose was 2 kGy, the dechlorination rate reached 100%, the TOC
      removal efficiency was 53%; when the absorbed dose increased to 8 kGy, 3-CP could
      be completely mineralized and the TOC removal efficiency reached 100%. The
      radiolysis of 3-CP could be described by one-order reaction kinetics, there
      existed synergic effect for combined process of gamma-irradiation/hydrogen
      peroxide for 3-CP degradation. The rate constant of 3-CP degradation for gamma
      radiation and gamma-radiation/hydrogen peroxide combined process was 0.279 h(-1)
      and 0.542 h(-1), respectively.

PMID- 19968111
TI  - [Removal of metal ions Cu2+, Cd+ and Pb+ from solutions by sorption on slag].
AB  - Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption kinetics and
      thermodynamic characteristics of heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ on the
      electric are furnace (EAF) slag from Baoshan Steel Factory. Several kinds of
      techniques including XRD analysis, BET specific surface analysis and SEM/EDS
      analysis were employed to determine the physico-chemical and surface
      characteristics of slag. Results indicated that the adsorption rate of heavy
      metal ions on the EAF slag was relatively high, and the sorption rate followed
      the order Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+. The adsorption kinetics obeyed first-order kinetics
      model (R2 > 0.99). Adsorption isotherm experiment showed that adsorption isotherm
      of heavy metal ions on slag fitted Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption
      capacity of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was 0.101, 0.058 and 0.120 mmol x g(-1),
      respectively. The adsorption of heavy metal ions on slag was a spontaneous
      reaction (deltaG0 < 0) with endotherm (delta H0 < 0) and the increase of enthopy
      (AS0 > 0). The effect of enthopy was the main driving force of the spontaneous
      adsorption reaction. The analysis results of SEM/EDS revealed the changes of
      surface morphology and chemical proportion before and after adsorption. Due to
      low-cost and high-efficiency, electric are furnace slag showed great potential
      for the treatment of heavy metal polluted wastewaters.

PMID- 19968112
TI  - [Start-up characteristics of the anaerobic reactor seeded with immobilized
      microorganisms].
AB  - In order to overcome the disadvantages of the anaerobic reactor such as slow
      growth and long start-up, the flocculent anaerobic sludge was embedded and used
      as the seed sludge in the anaerobic treatment of PTA wastewater with the
      objective of keeping biomass in the reactor. The start-up characteristics of the
      UASB reactor were investigated. During the 136 days' running, COD removal rate of
      PTA wastewater achieved 75%-85% at the volumetric loading rate (COD) of 3 kg x
      (m3 x d)(-1) and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3-4 day. The anaerobic
      system had good stability and biomass retaining ability. On the other hand,
      variations of EPS, SEM observation and methanogens DNA in sludge granules
      verified the growth of immobilized bacteria in both quantity and microorganism
      morphology, although mass transfer through the immobilization media was to some
      degree limited.

PMID- 19968113
TI  - [Immobilized ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Comamonas aquatic LNL3 and its partial
      nitrification characterization].
AB  - A new kind of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-Comamonas aquatic LNL3 was
      screened out and immobilized by Poly (HEA)-Poly (HEMA) copolymer carrier using
      irradiation techniques. Four kinds of impact factors on short-cut nitrification,
      including temperature, pH, DO and free ammonia (FA) concentration had been
      investigated. The result showed that AOB-Comamonas aquatic LNL3 had short-cut
      nitrification capability and the optimal temperature, pH, DO and FA concentration
      were 30 degrees C, 8.5, 4.03 mg/L and 9 mg/L respectively. Corresponding to above
      results, ammonia nitrogen removal rate and short-cut nitrification efficiency
      were 93.52%, 94.73%; 79.74%, 94.67%; 91.17%, 94.66% and 90%, 94.4% respectively.

PMID- 19968114
TI  - [Capacity of denitrification by polyphosphate accumulating organism at different
      electron donors].
AB  - SBR reactor was performed to incubate polyphosphate accumulating organism (PAO),
      and it was checked out of the system by fluorescence in situ hybridization. As
      PAO is a kind of ordinary heterotrophic bacteria, it was excluded the ability of
      phosphate release and uptake and it was considered only the capacity of
      denitrification of the target biomass. The results indicated that acetate and PHB
      can be the electron donors of PAO to denitrify. When fed with acetate, the
      denitrifying rate and PHB producing rate were independent of initial nitrate
      concentration. However, served as more nitrate in the reactor, it would be less
      PHB produced and fewer nitrate reducing when using same amount of acetate. In
      view of PHB stored as an internal carbon and energy source, it presented as a
      reaction of zero-order to the substrate by PAO to denitrify, such as nitrate,
      besides, the specific denitrifying rate was 0.9733 mg/(g x h) and the specific
      PHB consuming rate was 2.4626 mg/(g x h).

PMID- 19968115
TI  - [Optimization effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in unifed SBR process for
      domestic wastewater].
AB  - Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes was investigated in a
      UniFed SBR lab-scale apparatus treating actual domestic wastewater with low C/N
      and C/P. Results showed that when the feed/decant time was extended from 2 h to 3
      h and 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45%
      without any external carbon source. In the mode of anoxic-aerobic condition, TIN
      of the effluent reduced obviously, the removal efficiency increased from 49.54%
      to 60.75% for utilizing limited substrate in influents with low C/N = 2.57,
      adequately. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic condition, the nitrogen
      and phosphorous removal efficiency increased clearly. The carbon source in the
      influent can be used adequately and it occurred denitrifying dephosphatation in
      anoxic segment 2. This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic
      wastewater with low C/N and C/P.

PMID- 19968116
TI  - [Modified step-feed A/O biological nitrogen removal process for enhanced
      phosphorus removal].
AB  - A pilot-scale step-feed A/O system was used to treat low C/N municipal
      wastewater. To obtain high quality simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal,
      a modified step-feed A/O system was developed and the nitrogen and phosphorus
      removal efficiency was evaluated between the original and modified system. The
      result showed that TN removal efficiency was 66.52% and TP removal efficiency was
      only 29.24% before the modified configuration was applied. When the modified
      system was adopted, the satisfied simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal
      was achieved. TP removal efficiency increased to 89.81% and TN removal efficiency
      was 73.61% when the optimal feeding ratio (0.45:0.35:0.20) was applied. Compared
      to the original configuration, TN removal efficiency increased about 7.09% due to
      the enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal, which saved the carbon source for
      denitrification. To evaluate the selection and dominance of polyphosphate
      accumulating organisms (PAOs) and denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating
      organisms (DNPAOs), batch test was explored to examine the anaerobic phosphorus
      release, aerobic and anoxic phosphorus uptake. The result showed that both PAOs
      and DNPAOs were accumulated gradually when the modified system was applied. The
      maximal aerobic P uptake rate [P/(MLSS x t)] was increased from 2.34 mg/(g x h)
      to 10.67 mg/(g x h) and the anoxic P uptake rate was increased from 0.33 mg/(g x
      h) to 2.81 mg/(g x h) when the modified system was operated.

PMID- 19968117
TI  - [Improvement of denitrifying dephosphatation in an anaerobic/anoxic sequencing
      batch reactor and its stability].
AB  - An anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/A SBR) was conducted to
      investigate the conditions for screening and enrichment of denitrifying
      phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB). The results showed that, when the
      concentration of COD in influential of anaerobic stage, the concentration of NO3 
      N in influent of anoxic stage and pH value were 300 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 7.0
      respectively, DPB could become dominant populations quickly in the system in two
      time feeding mode, and the reactor performed well for denitrifying phosphorus
      removal. The A/A SBR still performed well by shifting the system to one-time
      feeding mode. With the same concentration of phosphate of 20 mg x L(-1) in the
      influent, the phosphorus removal with adding the phosphate just before the
      beginning of anoxic stage proved to be better than that of directly increasing
      the phosphate concentration in the influent.

PMID- 19968118
TI  - [Relationship between phosphorus content in activated sludge and sludge bulking
      in biological nutrient removal SBR systems].
AB  - In order to investigate the relationship among phosphorus content of sludge,
      filamentous bacteria and sludge settleability, two sets of Sequencing Batch
      Reactor (SBR) inoculated activated sludge that had different dominant filamentous
      bacteria and fed with synthetic wastewater were operated in A2/O process.
      Phosphorus concentration in influent was increased from 10 mg/L to 30 mg/L.
      Result showed that with increase of phosphorus in influent from 10 mg/L to 20
      mg/L and 30 mg/L, phosphorus content of the sludge in reactor No. 1 was raised
      from 2.5% at early stage of inoculation to 8.17% and 9.23% correspondingly. SVI
      increased rapidly from 110 mL/g to 300 mL/g around and were about 135-150 mL/g
      subsequently. It is considered that improvement of settlement of sludge in the
      reactor No.1 was contributed to certain extent to the increase of phosphorus
      content in the sludge to 8% above. While in reactor No. 2 phosphorus content in
      its sludge was only raised from 1.89% to 6.77% and 6.95% correspondingly with
      increase of phosphorus in influent from 10 mg/L to 20 mg/L and 30 mg/L. SVI of
      the sludge increased from 138 mL/g to 190-320 mL/g, and finally kept at 280 mL/g
      to 300 mL/g. Settlement of sludge in the reactor No.2 wasn t improved by increase
      of the phosphorus content in sludge. The different performance of sludge in
      settlement between the two reactors is considered to due to existence of S.
      natans in the reactor No. 1 that was stimulated to conduct biological phosphorus
      removal resulting in an increase of dense of the sludge. In contrast, it was not
      so in the reactor No. 2. Whether or not sludge bulking can be controlled by
      increase of phosphorus content in activated sludge depends on the succession of
      predominant filamentous bacteria.

PMID- 19968119
TI  - [Single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor with self-generated granular
      sludge for treating sludge dewatering effluent].
AB  - Single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal (SANR) has been observed in a long-term
      operated nitrosation air-lift reactor for treating digested sludge dewatering
      effluent from sewage wastewater treatment plant. A kind of so called self
      generated granular sludge which undertake the SANR reaction has oriented formed.
      The performance of SANR reactor cultivated above sludge for treating sludge
      dewatering effluent has been tested and better results have been reached. When
      the influent total nitrogen (TN) was kept about 350 mg/L (mainly ammonium
      nitrogen), the average TN removal efficiency and nitrogen removal load were 74.8%
      (maximum 86.92%) and 0.68 kg x (m3 x d)(-1) [maximum 0.9 kg x (m3 x d)(-1)]
      respectively. The operation stability and nitrogen removal efficiency have been
      enforced after adding a certain quantity powered activated carbon. The influent
      ammonium concentration, nitrogen load and aeration rate have a great effect on
      SANR reactor as well as the influent organic compound, pH, alkalinity have a
      relatively low effect. The parameters such as the ratios of aeration
      rate/deltaTN, aeration rate/deltaNH4+ -N, deltaALK/deltaTN can be used for better
      controlling the reaction.

PMID- 19968120
TI  - [Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by aerobic granular sludge at
      normal and low temperatures].
AB  - The simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) from real domestic
      wastewater using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been investigated. The effect
      of temperature changes on the SNPR of AGS was also studied. Two lab-scale
      sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), named as A and B, were operated for 254 days in
      alternating anaerobic-aerobic mode. The AGS was cultivated in 20 days using
      settling time as selection pressure. From the 42nd day onwards, additional carbon
      (acetate and peptone for A, glucose for B) were added to make the ratio of
      COD:N:P as 360:60:6. The SNPR by AGS was achieved for 4 months, and the removal
      ratios of ammonia, total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus of A were reached to
      98.42%, 74.25% and 94.79%, respectively; the removal ratios of ammonia, total
      inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus of B were reached to 99.45%, 75.96% and 95.60%,
      respectively. Then, the temperature decreased to 9-13 degrees C, which seriously
      affected the efficiency of SNPR. The removal efficiencies of SNPR of reactor A
      and B were recovered after 35 days and 49 days, respectively, and the removal
      ratios of ammonia, total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus of A were reached to
      96.33%, 79.49% and 99.68%, respectively; the removal ratios of ammonia, total
      inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus of B were reached to 93.85%, 76.44% and 98.44%,
      respectively. PAOs and DNPAOs together completed the phosphorus removal and made
      phosphorus removal faster than nitrogen removal. Nitrification was the rate
      limiting step for SNPR. The low temperature made the anoxic zone in AGS decrease,
      together with the absence of PHAs, made denitrification could not complete.

PMID- 19968121
TI  - [Community structures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of
      wastewater treatment plants].
AB  - In order to investigate the community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria
      (AOB) in wastewater treatment plants and the influence of treatment process and
      system scale on AOB community. We investigated AOB communities in activated
      sludges collected from 9 wastewater treatment systems, using specific PCR
      followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning,
      and sequencing of amoA genes. The T-RFLP fingerprints analysis shows that there
      are some differences among the AOB community structures from different wastewater
      treatment systems, and the dominant terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) are
      354, 491 and 291 bp. The T-RFLP profiles and cluster analysis may also indicate
      the AOB structures are slightly affected by the treatment process, while they are
      influenced by the system scale to some extent. Phylogenetic analysis of cloned
      amoA gene shows clearly that all the dominant AOB in the systems were
      Nitrosomonas spp., not Nitrosospira spp.. The reason may be explained as that
      Nitrosomonas spp. have higher micromax, than Nitrosomonas spp.. This growth
      advantage may favor the Nitrosomonas spp. rather than Nitrosomonas spp. being
      prevail in activated sludge.

PMID- 19968122
TI  - [Cometabolic transformation of high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol in an
      immobilized cell hollow fiber membrane bioreactor].
AB  - Pseudomonas putida grown suspendedly can cometabolize 4-chlorophenol (4-CP)in the
      presence of phenol (growth substrate). However, cometabolization process cannot
      be maintained due to the high toxicity of phenol and 4-CP to cells when the
      initial concentrations of phenol and 4-CP were 120 mg/L and 600 mg/L,
      respectively. Cells can degrade phenol and 4-CP at high concentrations after
      immobilization in hollow fiber membrane bioreactors. Even when the initial
      concentrations of phenol and 4-CP were 200 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, the substrates
      were completely biotransformed with in 34 hours. Different from free suspension
      cells, immobilized cells were protected by the hollow fiber membranes due to mass
      transfer limitation in the membranes. The cells can grow and degraded high
      concentration substrates.

PMID- 19968123
TI  - [Integration and expression of polyphosphate kinase gene in Pseudomonas putida].
AB  - In order to construct high accumulating-phosphate microorganism, the ppk gene
      from E. coli was inserted to the broad-host-range plasmid pBBR1MCS-2 to form
      plasmid pBBR1MCS-2-ppk. The complete ppk gene with promoter and terminator
      sequences from pBBR1MCS-2-ppk was then cloned and inserted to suicide plasmid
      pUTmini-Tn5 to form plasmid pUTmini-Tn5-ppk, which was transformed into
      Pseudomonas putida KT2440 by triparental conjugation. Finally, ppk gene was
      integrated into the chromosomal DNA of KT2440. The results of RT-PCR showed that
      the selected genetically engineered bacterium KT2440-PPK expressed ppk
      efficiently, while KT2440 as control expressed weakly. The results of artificial
      wastewater treatment showed after 1h inoculation, the concentration of poly
      phosphate in KT2440-PPK came to the maximum approximately 3.05 mg/g, which was 15
      times higher than that in KT2440 at the same experimental condition. And KT2440
      PPK can remove more than 90% phosphate in artificial wastewater.

PMID- 19968124
TI  - [Analysis of the effect of enzymes on microbial community metabolic profiles
      during composting using biolog method].
AB  - The effects of enzymes on organic material degradation and microbial communities
      metabolic profiles during composting process were studied using Biolog method,
      and together with cluster analysis and PCA. The results showed that, adding the
      enzyme solution in the composting could increase the degradation rate of organic
      material by 4.90%. The microbial community metabolic results of cluster analysis
      showed that when the enzyme solution was added into the compost, the carbon
      metabolic capability of intermediate metabolite was improved. The results of PCA
      indicated that when the enzyme solution was added, microbial communities enhanced
      the metabolic capability of miscellaneous, polymers, amino acids and amides
      carbon substrates, which results in the efficient degradation of organic
      substance. In addition, cluster analysis of each composting phase showed that the
      effects of the enzymes solution on microbial community metabolism were mainly
      observed on 6 d and 30 d, which promoted the composting process.

PMID- 19968125
TI  - [Ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline on wheat (Triticum aestivum) based
      on seed germination and seedling development].
AB  - The ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the germination of wheat
      (Triticum aestivum) seeds and the early development of wheat seedlings were
      investigated. The results showed that the elongation of wheat shoots and roots
      was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by OTC, and there was a good dose-response
      relationship between the OTC concentration and inhibition rates. According to the
      linear regression equation, EC50 of OTC for inhibiting wheat shoot and root
      elongation was 65.5 mg/L and 34.7 mg/L, respectively. However, the germination of
      wheat seeds was not inhibited by OTC. Moreover, after a 21-day exposure to 0.15
      2.40 mg/L OTC, the content of chlorophyll (CHL) decreased by 35.6%-47.3%, and the
      content of soluble protein (SP) in the leaves and roots of wheat plants decreased
      significantly. After a 7-day exposure, the activity of SOD and POD in wheat was
      not changed significantly. With the prolongation of exposure time, the activity
      of SOD and POD in wheat leaves and roots decreased significantly, the inhibition
      rate of SOD activity in roots increased up to 72.3% after a 21-day exposure to
      2.4 mg/L OTC, which indicated that the antioxidant defense systems were damaged.
      The results above suggested that the low concentration OTC had ecotoxicological
      effects on wheat seedlings after chronic exposure.

PMID- 19968126
TI  - [Characteristics of cadmium tolerance and bioaccumulation of Bidens pilosa L.
      seedlings].
AB  - Bidens pilosa L. has been identified as a newly found Cd-hyperaccumulator. In the
      present study, the characteristics of its Cd tolerance (growth response and
      physiological and biochemical characteristics) and accumulation were examined.
      The results showed that low Cd treatments (< or =32 mg/kg) could enhance plant
      growth, the dry biomass of shoot and root increased by 32.4%-44.7% and 29.1%
      57.6%, respectively, at Cd concentrations 8-32 mg/kg when compared with the
      control. The shoot dry biomass reached a maximum of 0.22 g/pot at a concentration
      8 mg/kg of Cd. Meanwhile, under different Cd treatments, chlorophyll (Chl) and
      soluble protein contents in leaves slightly decreased, resulting in 23.3% and
      41.5% reduction, respectively, compared with the control. The activities of
      superoxide dismutase (SOD) firstly decreased and then increased with increasing
      Cd concentration. Peroxidase (POD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents
      increased with increasing Cd concentration, with 1.2-6.6 and 1.1-1.5 times
      increase, respectively, relative to the control. However, the definite negative
      effects on the plant growth and characteristics of physiology and biochemistry
      were observed at higher Cd concentrations (50-100 mg/kg). In gradual experiments,
      the values of bioaccumulation and translocation were more than 1.0, furthermore,
      the concentration of Cd in shoots reached 119.1 mg/kg at the soil Cd level of 100
      mg/kg, showing B. pilosa has the basic characteristics of a Cd-hyperaccumulator.
      The results above indicated that B. pilosa has strong capacity of Cd tolerance
      and accumulation, so it has potential and valuable application to
      phytoremediation of contaminated soils by Cd.

PMID- 19968127
TI  - [Development of lead benchmarks for soil based on human blood lead level in
      China].
AB  - Lead benchmarks for soil are mainly established based on blood lead concentration
      of children. This is because lead plays a dramatically negative role in
      children's cognitive development and intellectual performance and thus soil lead
      has been concerned as main lead exposure source for children. Based on the
      extensively collection of domestic available data, lead levels in air, drinking
      water are 0.12-1.0 microg x m(-3) and 2-10 microg x L(-1); ingestion of lead from
      food by children of 0-6 years old is 10-25 microg x d(-1); geometric mean of
      women blood lead 1concentration of child bearing age is 4.79 microg x dL(-1),
      with 1.48 GSD. Lead benchmarks for soil were calculated with the Integration
      Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model (IEUBK) and the Adult Lead Model (ALM). The
      results showed the lead criteria values for residual land and
      commercial/industrial land was 282 mg x kg(-1) and 627 mg x kg(-1) respectively,
      which was slightly lower compared with U.S.A. and U.K. Parameters sensitivity
      analysis indicated that lead exposure scenario of children in China was
      significantly different from children in developed countries and children lead
      exposure level in China was obviously higher. Urgent work is required for the
      relationship studies between lead exposure scenario and blood lead level of
      children and establishment of risk assessment guideline of lead contaminated soil
      based on human blood lead level.

PMID- 19968128
TI  - [Distribution and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
      in overlying waters and surface sediments from the Yangtze estuarine and coastal
      areas].
AB  - Polluted levels, temporal and spatial distributions of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in overlying water and surface sediments from
      nine typical sampling sites in the Yangtze estuarine and coastal areas. The
      results showed that PAHs concentrations in overlying waters and surface sediments
      in dry season (1988 ng/L and 1154 ng/g) were both higher than those in flood
      season (1727 ng/L and 605 ng/g). And phenanthrene (Phe) was dominant among PAH
      compounds. Temperature was the most important factor that controlled PAHs
      seasonal variation in overlying waters, while organic carbon and soot carbon
      influenced PAHs accumulation in surface sediments. Complicated hydrodynamic
      conditions and pollutant inputs caused by various anthropogenic activities not
      only affected on PAHs spatial distribution, but also led to complicated sources
      in the Yangtze estuarine and coastal areas. Ecological risk assessment indicated
      that PAHs in water-sediment system from the Yangtze estuarine and coastal areas
      might potentially damage the Yangtze estuary ecosystem to some extent. Some of
      PAH compounds in overlying waters had exceeded the ecotoxicological assessment
      standard or EPA National Recommended Water Quality Criteria, and BaP also
      exceeded the normal concentration of Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for
      surface water. Some of PAH compounds in surface sediments had exceeded the
      effects range low (ER-L) levels and ISQV-L values.

PMID- 19968129
TI  - [Accumulation characteristics of PGEs in multimedia from road environment].
AB  - In order to study accumulation characteristics of PGEs in multimedia from road
      environment, samples of road dust, roadside soil and plant were collected from
      five roads in Shanghai, and were analysed by ICP-MS following aqua regia
      digestion. The results are as following: average concentrations of Rh, Pd and Pt
      were 24.92, 88.39, 22.28 ng/g in dust, 3.64, 17.45, 0.97 ng/g in soil and 2.66,
      6.39, 0.57 ng/g in plant, respectively. The concentrations of PGEs in dust were
      higher than that in soil and in plant. Meanwhile, PGEs concentrations in plant
      were lower than that in dust, and closed to that of soil. The implementation of
      the automobile emission standard only in central city of Shanghai didn't cause
      obvious correlation between PGEs in multimedia and traffic volume. The plant
      adsorption capacity for PGEs of road dust showed: Pt > Pd > Rh, while its
      absorptive capacity for PGEs of soil was: Pd > Rh > Pt. PGEs ratios in multimedia
      were not completely coincident but in the range of PGEs ratios of road dust in
      Shanghai, which indicated a common traffic-related source of these metals.

PMID- 19968130
TI  - [Bioavailability of cadmium associated with oxides in sediment: effects of
      species of mineral, association form and aging on bioavailability].
AB  - The bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments is largely controlled by their
      speciation. Effects of different Cd speciation associated with metal hydroxide on
      Cd bioavailability were studied. Iron and aluminum hydroxides were chosen as
      representatives of the oxides commonly present in sediments. In cultivar system,
      Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and metal hydroxide associated
      with Cd as the only source of contamination and Phragmites australis was induced
      to study Cd bioaccumulation. After 13 d cultivation, Cd was uptaken and
      accumulated in P. australis, with different bioaccumulation from 9.1 to 37.8 mg x
      kg(-1) in root; and 0 to 10.0 mg x kg(-1) in shoot. Hereinto, the P. australis
      cultivated in Fe0.5Al0.5(OH)3 medium was found to have accumulated the largest
      amount of Cd in root, followed by those in Fe(OH)3 and aged Fe0.5Al0.5(OH)3, the
      lowest root concentration of Cd was observed in the plants cultivated in aged
      Fe(OH)3. Desorption order of Cd by organic acid was consistent with the Cd
      accumulation in P. australis. Thus, coprecipitation treatment decreases the
      bioavailability of Cd; association of aluminum hydroxide with Cd is poor due to
      its physicochemical property; aging treatment significantly restrict the
      accumulation of adsorbed Cd; desorption by organic acid verify the discrepancy in
      bioavailability of different speciation of Cd.

PMID- 19968131
TI  - [Adsorption behavior of exogenous thorium on soil contaminated by rare earth
      industries].
AB  - The adsorption behavior of exogenous thorium on soil was studied to evaluate the
      contaminated risk on soil. The adsorption capacity, equilibrium time,
      distribution coefficient and desorption ability were investigated by the
      experiments of static adsorption. The strong adsorption ability of exogenous
      thorium on soil samples was observed by high adsorption ratio (> 92%) and low
      desorption ratio (< 5%) in equilibrium, and the biggest distribution coefficient
      was over 10(4). The adsorption capacity and equilibrium time were related to soil
      properties. According to the results of adsorption, Freundlich equation (r > or =
      0.9167) and Elovich equation (R2 > or = 0.8980) were primely fit for describing
      the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of exogenous thorium on soil
      samples, respectively, which indicated that the adsorption was belonged to the
      nonlinear adsorption, and was affected by the diffusion of thorium on soil
      surface and in mineral interbed. Sequential extraction procedure was employed to
      evaluate the bound fractions of exogenous thorium adsorbed on soil samples. Based
      on the extracted results of thorium fractions, exogenous thorium was presented in
      the labile nonresidual fractions (over 58%) at the low initial concentration (10(
      7) - 10(-6) mol x L(-1)), and nonresidual fractions enhanced with the increase of
      the initial amount, meanwhile more exogenous throium was transferred to the
      stable residual fractions.

PMID- 19968132
TI  - [Washing copper (II)-contaminated soil using surfactant solutions].
AB  - The batch equilibrium washing of copper (II) in the soil matrix by anionic
      surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzyl sulfonate (SDBS), nonionic surfactant,
      octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (TX100), and their mixture (SDBS-TX100), was
      studied and compared. The influences of surfactant concentrations, washing time,
      pH values of solutions, ratios of soil to water and inorganic salts on washing
      efficiency were investigated. It was shown that the washing efficiency differed
      with the kinds of surfactants. Given the initial surfactant concentrations, the
      washing of copper (II) by single SDBS was greater than those by single TX100 and
      the mixed SDBS-TX100. The washing efficiency by 6 000 mg x L(-1) of SDBS was up
      to 46.3%, which was 5.8, 10.8, 10.8 and 19.3 times as those by SDBS-TX100 (3:1),
      SDBS-TX100 (1:1), SDBS-TX100 (1:3) and single TX100 respectively. When the ratio
      of soil to water was 1 to 10 and washing time reached 24 h, the washing
      efficiency achieved the maximum. pH values of solutions had obvious effect on the
      washing of copper (II). The washing efficiency of copper decreased sharply with
      the increase of pH. At the high acidity (pH = 1.50), the washing efficiency of
      copper (II) was up to 95%. The smaller the ratios of soil to water were, the
      higher the washing efficiencies would be. The existence of inorganic salts with
      the certain concentrations, such as Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, could not influence the
      washing capacity of surfactants, but the excessive Mg2+ (more than 500 mg x L(
      1)) could resulted in the precipitation of SDBS. The results will make an
      implication for surfactant-enhanced remediation of soils contaminated with heavy
      metals.

PMID- 19968133
TI  - [Adsorption of cyromazine on five typical soils in China].
AB  - Batch equilibrium experiments were used to reveal cyromazine adsorption on five
      kinds of soils, namely Ali-Perudic Ferrosols collected from Yingtan of Jiangxi,
      Udic Argosols collected from Nanjing and Gleyic-Stagnic Anthrosols collected from
      Changshu of Jiangsu, Ustic Cambosols collected from Fengqiu of Henan, and Udic
      Isohumosols collected from Hailun of Heilongjiang. Results show that the
      experimental data are best described by the Freundlich and Langmuir model, while
      fitted successfully by the linear model. Different adsorption behaviors of
      Cyromazine are observed in the five tested soils, with the lgK(f) values varying
      from 1.6505 (cambosols), 1.6715 (argosols) and 1.7153 (ferrosols) to 2.4579
      (anthrosols) and 2.6557 (isohumosols). Moreover, the Kf values are in a positive
      correlation to the OM of the soil (r = 0.989) but significantly negative
      correlated to soil pH (r = -0.938). The free energy of sorption ranged from -20.8
      to -23.0 kJ/mol, indicated that the adsorption could be largely attributed to the
      physical adsorption.

PMID- 19968134
TI  - [Effects of several low-molecular-weight organic acids on the release kinetic of
      endosulfan from red soil].
AB  - The kinetic release behaviors of a-endosulfan from red soil with three kinds of
      low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA: oxalate, tartrate and citrate)
      solution and water leaching were investigated by kinetic device designed by
      ourselves and batch method. The results show that: the release percentage of
      endosulfan from red soil by tartrate and citrate solution (10 mmol/L) can
      increase by 7%-18% more than that by distilled water and oxalate solution,
      especially for tartrate solution. There is no significant difference between
      distilled water and oxalate solution for the release percentage of endosulfan (p
      > 0.05). There are two stages of quick and slow for the release of endosulfan
      from red soil, and the leaching speed is quicker especially for the initial 200
      mL leaching solution. When using distilled water or oxalate solution as leaching
      solution, the best equations that described the kinetic release behavior of
      endosulfan from red soil were parabola diffuse equation and double constant
      equation, and weren't the apparent first dynamics equation that represented the
      simple surface diffusion mechanism. The kinetic release behavior of endosulfan in
      tartrate or citrate leaching system can be described by Elovich equation (R2 >
      0.99, p < 0.0001), it implied that the simple surface diffusion mechanism is not
      the primary factor that effected the release of endosulfan, which three
      dimensional molecule structure is complex, from red soil in aqueous phase
      leaching systems, and it maybe related to the outward diffuse mechanism from soil
      particle, activation and deactivation function of soil particles surface, the
      dissolution of soil mineral surface and structure change of inherent organic
      matter that coating onto the soil mineral surface induced by LMW organic acid. It
      suggested that the tartrate and citrate induced the complication of the release
      mechanisms of the pesticides from red soil.

PMID- 19968135
TI  - [Electricity generation using the short-arm air-cathode microbial fuel cell].
AB  - The short-arm air-cathode microbial fuel cell (ACMFC) was constructed using a
      cramp to fix the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and carbon paper with 0.5 mg/cm2
      onto the short-arm side of the anode chamber. Exoelectrogens on the surface of
      graphite rod were enriched by a sludge microbial fuel cell from the anaerobic
      digestion sludge. And the cyclic voltammetry result showed these microbes had
      electrochemical activities. Using the graphite rod covered by exoelectrogens as
      the anode and sodium acetate as the substrate, the short-arm ACMFC showed a
      maximal power density (Pm) of 738 mW/m2, internal resistance (Ri) of 280 omega
      and open circuit voltage (OCV) of 741 mV. Continuous sparging the anode chamber
      with nitrogen or removal of the proton exchange membrane enhance the Pm of the
      cell to 745 mW/m2 and 759 mW/m2 respectively. When both of the two measures were
      used together, the Pm reached up to 922 mW/m2. Under these three conditions the
      Ri of the cell was kept around 280 omega. When the substrate concentration was
      12.62-100.96 mg/L and external resistance was 510 omega, the maximal voltage of
      the cell and the substrate concentration showed an obvious linear relation (R2 =
      0.99). But when the concentration was above 100.96 mg/L, the maximal voltage
      stably kept around 302mV(the external resistance was 510 omega). However, the
      Coulombic efficiency of the short-arm ACMFC gradually increased with the increase
      of the substrate concentration, from 31.83% to 45.03%.

PMID- 19968136
TI  - [Power generation from pyridine and glucose using microbial fuel cell].
AB  - Different organics have different effects on the power generation of microbial
      fuel cell. A packing-type MFC was constructed to investigate organic matter
      degradation and power generation. Experiments were conducted using an initial
      pyridine concentration of 500 mg/L with different glucose concentrations (500,
      250, and 100 mg/L) as the MFC fuel. Results showed that maximum voltages
      decreased with the decrease of concentration of glucose and the maximum voltage
      was 623 mV. The cycle time were 49.5, 25.7, 25.2 h respectively. Correspondingly,
      the maximal volumetric power densities were 48.5, 36.2, 15.2 W/m3. Pyridine
      removal rate reached 95% within 24 h using MFC, which was not affected by
      concentration of glucose. Power generation using glucose was not affected in the
      presence of high concentration of pyridine. However, the phenomenon of
      electricity production was not obvious when using 500 mg/L pyridine as sole fuel.
      The results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of using the MFC to generate
      electricity when using pyridine and glucose mixture as fuel and simultaneously
      enhanced pyridine degradation.

PMID- 19968137
TI  - [Performance of a single chamber microbial fuel cell utilizing Dioscorea
      zingiberensis C. H. Wright wastewater].
AB  - The possibility of electricity generation in a single chamber microbial fuel cell
      fed with Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright wastewater was demonstrated, and
      the effects of COD and SO4(2-) concentration on MFC performance were
      investigated. Under the same conductivity and COD concentration, the power
      density generated from wastewater equaled to 80.3% of that from glucose. At low
      COD concentration, the electricity generation increased with increasing COD
      loading rates, and the maximum power density was 322 mW/m2; while the COD
      concentration was enhanced over 2766 mg/L, the stable times for electricity
      generation was reduced and the MFC could not recover to previous performance as
      refueling. That indicates high COD loading rates would inhibit microbial
      activity. The COD removal rates varied from 68.2% to 84.8%, and it decreased when
      COD concentration climbed up. The power density was enhanced with SO4(2-)
      concentration increasing up to 7716 mg/L (Conductivity > 8.19 mS/cm) after which
      no further improvements in power density were observed. The maximum power density
      of the wastewater containing SO4(2-) was lower by 14.5% on average than that of
      the wastewater which removed SO4(2-). And its coulombic efficiencies declined
      substantially as SO4(2-) concentration increasing, which imply that the SO4(2-)
      is deoxidized as the electron acceptor, which takes the MFC efficiency down.

PMID- 19968138
TI  - [Development of a low-cost single chamber microbial fuel cell type BOD sensor].
AB  - The 5-d biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) test is the most conventional method to
      determine the concentration of biodegradable organics in wastewater. However,
      this method is time-consuming and usually requires experience and skill to
      produce creditable results, which is also not suitable for on-line measurements.
      This study described a single-chamber mediator-less microbial fuel cell (MFC)
      type BOD sensor as an alternative method to BOD5. In such MFC, MnO2 was used as
      the cathode catalyst instead of Pt and the expensive proton exchange membrane was
      replaced with the cation exchange membrane. The factors including the external
      resistance, pH of anolyte, the reaction time and rinse time on BOD sensor were
      explored, and the results were compared with the values determined by BOD5. The
      experimental results showed that the optimal conditions are: the external
      resistance of 12 k omega, pH of 7.0, and the reaction period of 2 h and the rinse
      time of 2-10 min. The low detection limit is 0.2 mg/L and the precision is 0.33%.
      This study indicates that MFC-type sensor can be used as a reliable method to
      determine BOD in wastewater, supported by the good linear correlation between BOD
      concentration and coulombs generation (regression coefficient, R2 = 0.9992) and
      the small relative error of 4% between MFC-type sensor and BOD5. Such device
      provides a low-cost, easy-operated, fast-response, sensitive and reliable method
      to measure BOD in wastewater, and also is suitable for on-line measurements.

PMID- 19968139
TI  - [Quantitative structure-activity relationships of joint toxicity of 3, 4
      dichloroaniline and substituted aromatics].
AB  - Acute toxicity of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and their mixtures to river
      bacteria was determined by the bacterial growth inhibition test. The median
      inhibition concentration IC50 values for 17 single compounds and IC50mix values
      for 22 mixtures were obtained. The joint toxic effects of mixtures were estimated
      by using toxic unit and mixture toxicity index method, the mixtures of 3,4
      dichloroaniline and anilines mainly exhibited simple addition or partial addition
      effects, whereas the mixtures of 3,4-dichloroaniline and phenols showed synergism
      effects. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for
      single chemical toxicity and joint toxicity were developed by using the lgarithm
      of n-octanol/water partition coefficient and the energy of the lowest unoccupied
      molecular orbital as structural descriptors. The QSAR models contain polar
      narcotics and reactive compounds, and can be used successfully to predict joint
      toxicity of a mixture containing 3,4-dichloroaniline, whether binary mixtures in
      variant toxic ratios or multiple mixtures of three or four chemicals are used as
      predictors.

PMID- 19968141
TI  - [Application of cowl in semi-aerobic landfill and its influence in initial
      stage].
AB  - Enhancement of semi-aerobic landfill performance through a cowl installed on the
      gas ventilation pipeline using a simulated landfill box with 2 m x 1 m x 2 m in
      size was investigated, aiming at the maximum methane emission reduction.
      Influence of cowl on semi-aerobic environment formation was explored, and variety
      of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations at different wind speeds and
      mechanism of cowl operation were identified to provide information on design and
      improvement of semi-aerobic landfill. The results show that the cowl speeds up
      the semi-aerobic environment to shape, from over 50 days down to approximately 40
      days, and reduces methane emission by promoting methane transformation to carbon
      dioxide. When the cowl is taken off suddenly during the normal operation, carbon
      dioxide concentration falls to 15.88% from the initial 16.67% immediately, and
      methane concentration increases to 16.12% from 6.14%. However, the carbon dioxide
      and methane concentration becomes 19.18% and 10.05%, respectively, as the cowl is
      taken on again. Additionally, methane emissions in the exhaust gas were monitored
      at different wind speeds of 2.0, 3.5, 5.0, 6.5, 8.0 m/s, and finds that the
      methane concentration reduces from the initial 15% to below 5% when the wind
      speed increases from 2 m/s to 8 m/s.

PMID- 19968140
TI  - [Influences of leachate property on pollutants attenuation in aquifer].
AB  - Simulated columns filled with fine sand were conducted to investigate influences
      of leachate properties on pollutants attenuation and bacterial activity in
      aquifer. Experimental results indicated that bacterial activity of young landfill
      leachate, aged landfill leachate and rain water through columns was up to maximum
      0.154, 0.121 and 0.044 in 12 d, 17 d and 3 d, respectively; the maximum BOD5/COD
      was up to 0.683, 0.396 and 0.319 in 12 d, 8 d and 6 d, respectively, and the
      averaged increasing rate of pH was up to 0.074/d, 0.15/d and 0.055/d,
      respectively. COD removal efficiencies of young and aged landfill leachate which
      passed columns were 50% and 10%, respectively; NH4+ -N adsorption capacity of
      aquifer media was proximately 0.85 g/kg. In addition, there was correlation
      between organic substrate content of aquifer media and bacterial activity.
      Therefore, the leachate properties had profound effects on pollutants attenuation
      in aquifer.

PMID- 19968142
TI  - Parasite egg contamination of vegetables from a suburban market in Hanoi,
      Vietnam.
AB  - Helminth egg contamination of vegetables purchased at suburban market in Hanoi,
      Vietnam was examined. A total of 317 vegetables were examined and 82 (26%) were
      revealed to be positive for parasite eggs. Of the 15 varieties, 13 were positive
      except for horseradish and cucumber. Contamination was highest in leafy
      vegetables (31%), followed by root vegetables (17%) and fruit vegetables (3%).
      Throughout the survey, five species of parasite eggs were found: Ascaris sp.,
      Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Taenia sp. and Ascaridia galli. In the interview
      with the villagers, 121 (81%) of 149 adult villagers stated that they usually use
      not only animal feces but also human feces as a fertilizer. Throughout the
      survey, a total of 453 eggs were recovered. Number of eggs recovered from
      vegetables was higher in the dry season (355 eggs) than in the rainy season (98
      eggs). The study revealed that vegetables purchased at a market in suburban Hanoi
      (Vietnam) were highly contaminated with parasite eggs excreted by humans and
      animals. Considering the eating habits of the Vietnamese and the 17% embryonation
      rate of detected parasites, vegetables seem to play an important role in soil
      transmitted helminth infection in this country.

PMID- 19968143
TI  - Serum total proteins and vitamin A levels of adolescent girls (10-15 years)
      attending a government school in Jaipur city, India.
AB  - Vitamin A deficiency is widely prevalent amongst children in India. The present
      work was designed to be an intervention study with nutrient fortified biscuits to
      ameliorate the micronutrient status of adolescent girls coming from a low socio
      economic background. Baseline data on serum total proteins and vitamin A levels
      of 111 adolescent girls (10-15 years) studying in a government school in Jaipur
      city, India, were collected. The mean serum total proteins of the subjects of the
      present study was 6.80 +/- 0.726 g%. A very high percentage of the adolescent
      girls (90.1%) had serum total proteins in the normal range (>=6.0g%) and only
      9.9% of the adolescent girls had serum total proteins at low levels (<6.0g%). The
      mean serum vitamin A level of all subjects was 21.82 +/- 6.579 mcg/dl. About 51%
      of the subjects were in the 'normal' category (serum vitamin A >=20 mcg/dl),
      47.3% of the subjects were in the 'low' category (serum vitamin A between 10-19
      mcg/dl) and only 1.8% subjects were in the 'deficient' category with serum
      vitamin A levels < 10 mcg/dl. The results, therefore, indicated that about 49.1%
      of the subjects had low levels of serum vitamin A. It is recommended that the
      school system can be used to distribute micronutrient fortified food products to
      mitigate the problem of nutrient deficiencies amongst school going children.

PMID- 19968144
TI  - Quality assurance in the management of peritonitis: a prospective study.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the quality of care indicators in the
      management of peritonitis. A total of 124 cases with diagnosis of secondary and
      tertiary peritonitis were included. Detailed clinical history, examination,
      relevant investigations and details of operative findings were noted. The
      following quality indicators-surgical consultation time, waiting period for
      surgery, diagnostic accuracy, antibiotic utilization pattern, morbidity,
      mortality, length of hospital stay, and accessibility of service to patients were
      assessed. The mean age of patient was 37.4 years with male to female ratio of
      4.4:1. More than half of the patients (51.6%) surgical consultation time was less
      than half an hour. Majority of patients (67.7%) were operated only after 6 hours.
      Duodenal ulcer perforation was the commonest etiology for peritonitis and the
      clinical diagnostic accuracy was 97.3%. The commonest bacteria isolated from
      peritoneal fluid culture was E. coli which was sensitive to Amikacin mostly. The
      overall morbidities were seen in 20.1% of patients and burst abdomen was the
      leading complication. A total of 8 patients (6.4%) died in this study and when
      Mannheim's peritonitis index (MPI) score was compared, score of more than 26 was
      found to be a significant predictor of mortality (p<0.0001). Most of the patients
      after reaching the tertiary care hospital were managed satisfactorily. Though
      there are lots of parameters that still need to be improved.

PMID- 19968145
TI  - Testicular fine needle aspiration cytology in azoospermic males.
AB  - One hundred one azoospermic males were subjected to fine needle aspiration
      cytology (FNAC) of the testis and 11 of them underwent testicular biopsy as well.
      In 99 cases, the aspiration was adequate for classifying into different
      categories, which are as follows: Sertoli cell only syndrome (46), normal
      spermatogenesis (27), hypospermatogenesis (10), tubular/peritubular sclerosis
      (10) and maturation arrest (6). The percentage population of Sertoli cells and
      spermatogenetic cells and cell indices including spermatic index, Sertoli cell
      index and sperm-Sertoli cell index were calculated. In normal spermatogenesis,
      fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears showed upto 40.0% Sertoli cells and
      spermatozoa were the predominant spermatogenetic cell type. In Sertoli cell only
      syndrome, there were sheets of Sertoli cells that constituted 88.0-100.0%.
      Progressively increasing values of the Sertoli cell index and progressively
      decreasing values of the sperm-Sertoli index were seen in normal spermatogenesis,
      maturation arrest, hypospermatogenesis, tubular/peritubular sclerosis and Sertoli
      cell only syndrome. In this study, complete agreement between testicular FNAC and
      histology was noted. Pecentage cell counts and cell indices in testicular FNA and
      100.0% cyto - histo correlation make the FNAC preferable to biopsy in assessing
      azoospermic males.

PMID- 19968146
TI  - Onychomycosis: a clinico-epidemiological study.
AB  - Onychomycosis is a common nail disorder. Far more than being a simple cosmetic
      problem, infected nail serves as a chronic reservoir, which can give rise to
      repeated mycotic infections. The study was undertaken to determine the various
      clinical patterns of onychomycosis. This prospective cross sectional study was
      conducted in clinically suspected patients of onychomycosis attending out
      patients department of dermatology, T.U. Teaching hospital between August 2006
      and July 2007. Various data were obtained and clinical patterns were noted. Out
      of 182 clinically suspected patients of onychomycosis, 52.7% were males with
      male: female ratio of 1.1:1. Onychomycosis was predominant among the younger
      patients with slight male preponderance. Fingernails were more frequently
      involved in females whereas toenails in males. The most common clinical type was
      distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. 58.2% had other concomitant fungal
      infections apart from onychomycosis. Onychomycosis could serve as a good
      reservoir for recurrent cutaneous superficial fungal infections. Hence, adequate
      treatment of onychomycosis can prevent from these recurrent cutaneous superficial
      fungal infections.

PMID- 19968147
TI  - Study on the supernumerary heads of biceps brachii muscle in Nepalese.
AB  - Biceps brachii is a double headed muscle. In terms of number and morphology of
      its head, it is one of the most variable muscles in the human body. Most common
      variation is third head, but four, five or even seven heads have been reported.
      In this study, 32 arms from 16 Nepalese cadavers were studied; supernumerary
      heads of biceps brachii were observed in 12.5% of 32 arms. Among these three
      headed biceps brachii was presented on 6.2% and the four headed was also on the
      same percentage. All the variations were in the right sided arms of males. Third
      heads of all cases originated from the medial border and adjoining anteromedial
      surface of humerus distal to the insertion of coracobrachialis thus have been
      classified as inferomedial humeral head. Fourth head of the four headed biceps
      brachii originated from the anterior border of humerus nearby the insertion of
      deltoid muscle. These supernumerary heads might be significant in producing the
      strong flexion as well as supination of forearm. They may cause compression of
      neurovascular structures because of their close relationship to brachial artery
      and median nerve. Variant biceps brachii may confuse a surgeon who performs
      procedures on the arm and may lead to iatrogenic injuries. The surgeons and
      traumatologists have to keep such muscular variations in mind.

PMID- 19968148
TI  - A comparative study of outcome of preterm neonate with and without history of
      preterm premature rupture of membrane.
AB  - The aim of the study was to find out the neonatal outcome of infants born with
      history of preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) and to compare with
      infants born without history of PPROM. It was a retrospective study that included
      187 preterm newborn with history of PPROM admitted in neonatal intensive care
      unit of the third affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2008
      to December 2008. Another 150 preterm newborns from same department during same
      period were taken as control. Patient demographics, patient's problem,
      investigation, management and outcome were recorded from medical record
      department and compared. Chi square and t test were used for statistical
      analysis. There was no statistical difference of gestational age, mode of
      delivery, birth weight and gender between case and control group. Respiratory
      system related problems like birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, apnea
      and pneumonia were common in both group but not statistical significant (p>0.05).
      However, need of oxygen supply and mechanical ventilation was significantly more
      (p<0.05) in case group. Neonatal death was more in case group (5.3%) than in
      control group (0.7%) and was statistically significant (p<0.001). The morbidity
      of preterm neonate does not entirely depend on history of PPROM than prematurity
      itself. However severity of disease and death is more with history of PPROM.

PMID- 19968149
TI  - Serological study of dengue virus infection in Terai region, Nepal.
AB  - A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine dengue virus IgM-positive rate
      in Terai region, Nepal from August to December 2007. Serum samples were collected
      from 183 symptomatic cases. The samples were examined for dengue virus specific
      IgM using particle agglutination test. Of 183 serum samples, 55 (30.0%) had
      positive for dengue IgM antibody. The positive rate was highest (50.0%) in
      Biratnagar, and lowest (19.6%) in Chitwan male to female ratio was 2:1 in IgM
      positive populations. IgM-positive rate was 29.0% at ages 21-30, 25.4% at ages 11
      20 and 23.6% at ages 0-10, but 10.9% at ages 31-40, and ages over 40. There was
      not significant association between occupation of the patients and positive rate
      among farmer, labour, service, business and student.

PMID- 19968150
TI  - Evaluation of dialysis adequacy in patients under hemodialysis and effectiveness
      of dialysers reuses.
AB  - Reuse of dialysers is being practiced since the start of hemodialysis (HD)
      service in Nepal, which is cost effective as well as safe. A retrospective study
      was done in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. We reviewed case records
      of the year 2008 and retrieved required data such as pre and post urea, post
      dialysis weight and ultrafiltration volume from 186 sessions of dialysis of 60
      patients. Dialysis sessions were divided into nine groups according to the number
      of use of dialyser. Out of 60 patients, 40 were male. Mean age of the study
      population was 45.82 +/- 15.42 yrs (range 18-78). Dialysers were reprocessed
      manually up to 9 times. Adequacy of dialysis was assessed using single pool Kt/v
      (spKt/v) and urea reduction rate (URR). Mean pre urea, post urea and spKt/v were
      160 +/- 51.2 mg/dL, 71.8 +/- 28.5 mg/dL and 0.95 +/- 0.28 respectively. Mean URR
      was 54.82 +/- 11.24%. Out of total 186 sessions, spKt/v was > or = 1.2 in only 31
      sessions (17.0%). There was no significant difference in mean spKt/v between the
      groups (p=0.87). When compared between the individual groups e.g. 1st vs. 7th,
      1st vs. 8th and 1st vs. 9th, there was no significant difference in spKt/v.
      Dialysis is inadequate in most of our patients undergoing HD twice a week. Reuse
      of dialyser is effective in urea clearance and the practice of reuse is cost
      effective and safe.

PMID- 19968151
TI  - Vascular access for hemodialysis in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital.
AB  - Good vascular access is an essential component for hemodialysis (HD). Studies in
      patterns of vascular accesses used for HD are very few. Eighty two (male 55,
      female 27) patients attending HD unit of Nepal Medical College and Teaching
      Hospital (NMCTH) over a period of one year were enrolled for the study. Average
      age was 46.12 years. Seventy four patients (90.0%) were suffering from chronic
      kidney disease (CKD) 5 and 8 (10.0%) patients had acute renal failure. Initial
      vascular access used was temporary vascular access in 76 (93.0%) and
      arteriovenous (AV) fistula in 6 (7.0%) patients. As a first temporary vascular
      access femoral catheterization was used in 54 (66.0%) patients followed by
      subclavian and internal jugular vein catheterization in 18 (22.0%) and 4 (5.0%)
      respectively. Fever was observed in 9 (11.0%) patients with first temporary
      access. There was no complication in 65 (79.0%) cases. Other complications were
      poor flow, malposition, infection, thrombosis, aneurysm and self removal of
      catheter. Only 47 patients were analyzed for the second vascular access. Trends
      towards use of second vascular access was subclavian and internal jugular vein
      cannulation in 20 (42.5%) and 10 (21.3%) respectively, AV fistula in 13 (27.7%),
      and femoral catheterization in 4 (8.5%). Second vascular access was associated
      with fever in 7 (14.9%) and limb swelling in 1 (2.1%). Temporary vascular access
      was the most common access to initiate HD in CKD 5. Only 7.0% of the patient had
      AV fistula to start HD. Femoral vein catheterization was the most commonly used
      first temporary vascular access. Complications with the vascular accesses were
      negligible.

PMID- 19968152
TI  - Lateral rhinotomy vs mid-facial degloving for T3 inverted papilloma of nose and
      paranasal sinus.
AB  - Inverted papillomas are rare, benign epithelial tumours of the nasal cavity and
      paranasal sinuses. To evaluate recurrence rates and rates of malignant
      transformation by lateral rhinotomy and midfacial degloving approaches for
      inverted papillomas. Retrospective case series, done at Manipal Teaching
      Hospital, Pokhara, over an 8-year period from 2000 to 2008. We did a review of 20
      cases of T3 inverted papilloma. All patients initially underwent nasal biopsy for
      confirmation of the diagnosis and pre-operative C.T. scan for tumour staging. 10
      patients who had a medial maxillectomy by lateral rhinotomy approach were
      assigned group I, while 10 who had a medial maxillectomy by mid-facial degloving
      approach were placed under group II. There were 7 males and 3 females in both
      group I and group II. Age ranged from 50 to 70 years with a mean age of 62.3
      years for group I and 59.8 years for group II. Commonest presenting complaint was
      unilateral nasal obstruction (60.0% in group I, 80.0% in group II). The mean
      follow up period was 19.5 months for group I and 16.5 months for group II.
      Recurrence rate and malignant transformation was 10.0% each for both groups.
      There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in these findings.
      Lateral rhinotomy and mid-facial degloving approaches have similar recurrence
      rates in T3 inverted papillomas but mid-facial degloving has the advantage of no
      external facial scar and bilateral exposure.

PMID- 19968153
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity among physically ill persons in eastern Nepal.
AB  - This cross-sectional hospital-based study investigated the prevalence and pattern
      of psychiatric morbidity among 151 physically ill psychiatric-referred cases
      admitted various departments in BPKIHS. Consecutive referral cases were initially
      worked up by junior residents and diagnosis/differential diagnosis was made by
      consultant according to ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines. Of total 151; M: 77 (50.9%)
      and F: 74 (49.1); Majority 38 (25.1%) of subjects were young with age 15-24 yrs
      and 95 (62.9%) were from plains. About 21.8% referrals came from internal
      medicine followed by emergency department, 9 (5.9%). The highest number of cases
      48 (31.7%) had neuropsychiatric illnesses and 17.0% had some medical
      complications resulted from suicide act. Among psychiatric co morbidity,
      dissociative/conversion disorders were the commonest 26 (17.2%) followed by
      alcohol use-related disorders 25 (16.5%) and depressive disorder 20 (13.2%). To
      conclude, the co-occurrence of medical and psychological/psychiatric conditions
      is common, which demands timely identification and early interventions in order
      to reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 19968154
TI  - Study of nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with special reference to
      methicillin resistant S. aureus in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.
AB  - To find out the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection and
      methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), clinical samples from nosocomially
      infected patients were processed by following standard methodology in
      microbiology laboratory, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu,
      Nepal. Of 149 S. aureus isolates, skin infection isolates contributed a major
      part 72.5% making nosocomial infection by S. aureus most prevalent in skin
      infection followed by lower respiratory tract infection 11.41% and urinary tract
      infection 8.7%. Overall MRSA prevalence was 45.0%. MRSA prevalence was 42.6% in
      skin infection, 82.3% in lower respiratory tract infection and 30.8% in urinary
      tract infection. MRSA infection was found associated with lower respiratory tract
      infection only. Highest occurrence of nosocomial infection was observed in female
      surgical ward, surgical out patient department, orthopedic ward, male surgical
      ward and maternity ward. MRSA isolation was high from lower respiratory tract of
      patients admitted in intensive care unit, coronary care unit, Sub-acute intensive
      care unit, intermediate coronary care unit, neurology ward and post-operative
      ward. Whereas methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) occurrence was higher in
      patients admitted in orthopedic, Surgical out patient department, and female
      surgical ward. The occurrence of MRSA did not differ with age but MRSA was found
      associated with male patients and MSSA was associated with female patients. Since
      MRSA prevalence was high, regular surveillance of MRSA and nosocomial infections
      should be done and universal precautions to control nosocomial infections should
      be followed.

PMID- 19968155
TI  - Role of ultrasound in early pregnancy in differentiating normal and abnormal
      pregnancies.
AB  - A prospective study was carried out from November 2006 - December 2008 in which a
      total of 304 patients with early pregnancy were examined by ultrasound (US). Of
      these, 203 (66.8%) cases were normal pregnancies (including 8 cases of twin
      pregnancy), 32 (10.5%) missed abortions, 19 (6.3%) incomplete abortions, 14
      (4.6%) complete abortions, 12 (4.0%) blighted ovums, 11 (3.6%) without
      sonographic evidence of pregnancy, 7 (2.3%) ectopic pregnancies and 6 (1.9%)
      molar pregnancies. US in early pregnancy gave a reliable and accurate
      differentiation between a viable normal pregnancy and an abnormal/pathological
      pregnancy.

PMID- 19968156
TI  - Accuracy of references in indexed journals of Nepal.
AB  - This study was done to observe the accuracy of references in articles published
      in indexed journals of Nepal. There were 30 references randomly selected from
      three indexed journals of Nepal published between January 2007 and December 2008.
      Nepal Medical College Journal (NMCJ), Journal of Nepal Medical Association (JNMA)
      and Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ) were selected as they are only
      indexed journals of Nepal. References were examined in details by dividing them
      into six components and they were compared with the original. References not
      cited from indexed journals were excluded. Statistical analysis was done by using
      frequency and percentage. Results shows that 11.6% references in NMCJ, 11.1%
      references in JNMA and 23.3% references in KUMJ were inaccurate. Most common
      errors in all three journals include author's name and journal name. Errors in
      citing the references are also found in the indexed journals of Nepal, KUMJ
      citing the highest percentage of errors. The majority of errors are avoidable.
      So, the authors, editors and reviewers have to check for any errors seriously
      before publication in the journal.

PMID- 19968157
TI  - Ultrasonographic evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness in hypertensive and
      normotensive individuals.
AB  - This was a case control study designed to evaluate carotid intima-medial
      thickness (IMT) by high-resolution ultrasound in hypertensive and normotensive
      individuals. High-resolution carotid ultrasound was done in 203 hypertensive
      patients (cases) and 101 normotensive individuals (control). Scanning of
      bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) was performed in anteroposterior
      projections. To obtain a better image sound wave was adjusted perpendicularly to
      the arterial surface of the posterior wall of the vessel, yielding two parallel
      echogenic lines which correspond to lumen-intima and media-adventitia interfaces.
      Intima-medial thickness was measured in the far wall 1-1.5 cm proximal to the
      bulb bilaterally. The age of the study population ranged from 35 to 65 years.
      Mean IMT was significantly high in hypertensive patients compared to the control
      group, p<0.001 (in cases, IMT in right side was 0.968 mm and that of left side
      was 0.969 mm and in control group IMT of right side was 0.551 mm and that of left
      side was 0.555 mm). A significant difference in IMT of bilateral common carotid
      arteries was found between the smoker and non-smoker hypertensive patients
      (p<0.02). IMT was found to increase progressively with age. In conclusion, the
      study revealed a strong correlation between IMT of common carotid artery and
      hypertension. Hence, IMT measurement of CCA by high-resolution ultrasound in
      hypertensive patients is a helpful tool to assess the atherosclerosis and to
      identify individual at risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.

PMID- 19968158
TI  - Haemorrhoidectomy: Ferguson's (closed) vs Milligan Morgan's technique (open).
AB  - This study was done to compare the efficacy of closed Vs open haemorrhoidectomy.
      The study design was unblinded randomised control trial at Dhulikhel Hospital,
      Kathmandu University Hospital. Total number of patients was 56 all with 3rd and
      4th degree haemorrhoids. Post operative pain was taken as main outcome measures.
      Operation time varied from 200 seconds for each haemorroidal cushion with open
      technique to 626 seconds by closed technique. The blood loss was not quantifiable
      in closed technique. Pain was scored on visual analogue scale. In closed group,
      the pain score was 4.9 immediate post operative period and 2.3 (24 hours later).
      In the other group, the scores were 7.8 and 6.9. These differences were
      significant. At the end of study we came to a conclusion that haemorrhoidectomy
      using closed technique has more advantages.

PMID- 19968159
TI  - Hirschsprung's disease management: from multi staged operation to single staged
      transanal pull-through.
AB  - Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a common congenital disease of colorectum.
      Although it was described more than one century ago, the effective treatment was
      established only half a century later. The initially treatment consisted of
      preoperative diverting colostomy, followed by definite pull-through and closure
      of colostomy on later date. A variety of procedures like Swenson, Duhamel,
      Rehbein and Soave were evolved with time. With the better understanding of
      pathogenesis and improvement on surgical technique, now the operation has become
      less extensive. In recent days, the classical 3 staged procedure is replaced by
      single staged procedure. All the procedure can be completed transanally. Since De
      la Torre in 1998, first reported total transanal endorectal pull-through, it
      became the most popular technique for the treatment of HD.

PMID- 19968160
TI  - Renocolic fistula following percutaneous nephrostomy: a case report.
AB  - Renocolic fistula is a rare clinical entity. In the past, its incidence was high
      due to infection, especially tuberculosis, and renal stone complications; which
      gradually reduced with advancements in antimicrobial therapy and better stone
      management. The incidence of renocolic fistulae, specifically iatrogenic one, has
      re-emerged due to minimally invasive renal surgery and regular percutaneous
      nephrostomy placement for various reasons. We reported a case of fifty-five-years
      old gentleman who presented to emergency room with left lithiasic pyonephrosis
      for which percutaneous nephrostomy was placed. Follow up antegrade pyelography
      diagnosed hydronephrotic left kidney with stone in renal pelvis with fistula
      communicating to descending colon. Contrast enhanced computer tomography revealed
      left non excreting kidney with retrorenal colon and percutaneous nephrostomy tube
      passing through the descending colon. The final diagnosis of post percutaneous
      nephrostomy renocolic fistula with non excreting left kidney was made and treated
      with ligation of fistulous tract and nephrectomy. Patient had uneventful recovery
      and histopathology showed chronic pyelonephritis.

PMID- 19968161
TI  - Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor arising from tunica vaginalis.
AB  - Intrascrotal benign fibrous proliferations are uncommon and mostly arise from
      paratesticular region falling into the category of fibrous pseudotumor which is
      characterized by nodular growth composed of probably reactive proliferation of
      fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Although benign, this often clinically mimics
      intrascrotal malignancy and usually remains undiagnosed preoperatively. Here, we
      report a case of paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor arising from testicular
      tunica vaginalis and involving epididymis, in a 32 year male presenting with huge
      left scrotal mass.

PMID- 19968162
TI  - [Application of minimally invasive locking compression plate in treatment of
      proximal humeral fractures].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of minimally
      invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with locking compression plate (LCP) in the
      treatment of proximal humeral shaft fracture. METHODS: From July 2004 to April
      2008, 26 patients with displaced fractures of the proximal humeral shaft were
      recruited, including 8 males and 18 females. Age of patients averaged 66 years
      old (range, 34-82 years old). According to AO classification, there were 4 cases
      of type A1, 2 cases of type A2, 8 cases of type B1, 4 cases of type B2, 2 cases
      of type B3, 4 cases of type C1 and 2 cases of type C2. The time from injury to
      surgery averaged 2 days (range, 1-5 days). There were 8 osteoporotic fractures.
      RESULTS: All surgical wound healed primarily, and there was no wound infection.
      Three patients had postoperative radial nerve neurapraxia, which recovered at 4,
      6, 8 months respectively. All patients were followed up for 6-24 months with an
      average of 14.1 months. Radiological examination revealed bony union within 6
      months in 25 cases. There was 1 delayed union which remained asymptomatic and
      eventually healed at 8 months with acceptable Constant-Murley score. There were 3
      cases of shoulder impingement syndrome diagnosed at 3 months post-operatively.
      After implant removal, they all achieved an acceptable Constant-Murley score.
      According to Constant-Murley scoring system, there were 11 excellent, 10 good and
      5 acceptable results. The excellent or good rate was 80.8%. CONCLUSION: MIPO
      technique using LCP is an effective method to treat proximal humeral shaft
      fractures, which facilitates functional recovery of the shoulder joint. During
      the surgery, it is important to achieve a good fracture reduction and to avoid
      complications.

PMID- 19968163
TI  - Fixation of distal humeral fracture in elderly patient by locking compression
      plate.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review the outcomes of geriatric distal humeral fracture fixed with
      locking compression plate (LCP). METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2007, 24
      patients (20 females and 4 males) with distal humeral fracture underwent open
      reduction and internal fixation with LCP. Their average age was 75.5 years old,
      ranged from 60 to 93 years old. Fracture was caused by injury from fall in 22
      cases, by traffic accident in 1 case, and by direct hit in 1 case. There were 12
      cases of type A2, 2 cases of type A3, 2 cases of type B1, 2 cases of type C1, 2
      cases of type C2, 4 cases of type C3 fractures according to AO/ASIF
      classification. X-ray films in AP and lateral view were taken preoperatively. CT
      scan with three dimensional reconstructions was done in more comminuted fracture
      only. Open reduction with triceps sparing technique was used in all except type B
      fracture, and olecranon osteotomy was considered only in more comminuted C3
      fracture. The average interval between injury and operation was 3 days (range, 1
      6 days). Outcome measures included pain assessment, range of motion, and Mayo
      elbow performance score and findings at 1 year follow-up. RESULTS: The average
      length of follow-up was 25 months (range, 12-48 months). All 24 fractures were
      healed within 6 months with an average of about 4 months. At 1 year follow-up,
      83% (n = 20) of patients felt no pain and 17% (n = 4) of patients had mild pain;
      83% of patient can gain a flexion range of more than 100 degrees; according to
      Mayo elbow performance score, the mean scores of type A, B and C fracture groups
      were 97, 85, and 89, respectively, and the post-operative performance of type A
      fracture was significantly better than that of type B and C (P = 0.034). Four
      patients had postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Open reduction and internal
      fixation of geriatric distal humeral fracture can achieve relatively good
      functional result and bony union despite of age.

PMID- 19968164
TI  - [Treatment of distal comminuted humeral fracture with serious osteoporosis by
      total elbow arthroplasty].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyse short-term clinical effect of total elbow arthroplasty in
      treatment of distal comminuted humeral fracture with serious osteoporosis in
      geratic patients. METHODS: From April 2006 to October 2007, five cases of distal
      comminuted humeral fractures were treated by total elbow arthroplasty with bone
      cement. Of them, there were 2 males and 3 females, aging 50-76 years old (mean
      67.6 years old), including 4 cases of closed fracture and 1 case of open fracture
      (II type Gustilo-Anderson). All fractures were caused by tumbling. According to
      classification of AO, there were 2 cases of type C1, 2 cases of type C2 and 1
      case of type C3. The Barnett index of osteoporosis was 0.40-0.45. The time from
      injury to operation was 4 to 18 days (mean 7.2 days). The rehabilitation exercise
      of function was done after 2 days of operation. RESULTS: The operative time was
      from 120 to 180 minutes (mean 150 minutes), the bleeding amount was from 150 to
      250 mL (mean 200 mL). All incision achieved primary healing. No complication
      occurred. Five cases were followed up for 19 to 36 months (mean 24.5 months). The
      mean motion range of elbow joint include 141.6 degrees for flection, 6.5 degrees
      for extention, 10.2 degrees for the degree of ectropion, 81.7 degrees for revolve
      forward, and 73.8 degrees for revolve behind respectively after 4 months of
      operation. The length discrepancy of upper limb was less than 1.5 cm, the muscle
      force for flexion and extention of finger and wrist was normal. The X-ray films
      showed that the position of artificial joint was satisfactory without prosthesis
      dislocation or loosening. According to Mayo elbow performance score, the
      excellent and good rate was 80% (excellent in 1 case, good in 3 cases, and fair
      in 1 case). CONCLUSION: Total elbow arthroplasty with bone cement is an effective
      method in treatment of distal comminuted humeral fracture with serious
      osteoporosis obviously in the geratic patients, but indication and technique of
      operation should be mastered strictly.

PMID- 19968165
TI  - [Clinical effects of locking plate system in treating distal radial fractures].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical results of locking plate system in the
      treatment of distal radial fractures. METHODS: From May 2004 to November 2006, 75
      patients were treated with 2.4 mm locking plate system. There were 41 males and
      34 females, with a mean age of 51 years old (range, 13-82 years old). The
      locations were left side in 34 cases and right side in 41 cases. The cause of
      injury was a low energy fall in 49 cases, falling from height in 14 cases,
      traffic accident in 6 cases and sports injuries in 6 cases. All patients were
      diagnosed as having closed fracture. According to Muller-AO classification, there
      were 14 cases(18.7%) of type A, 5 cases(6.7%) of type B, and 56 cases(74.6%) of
      type C. The time from injury to operation was 5 hours to 27 days (mean 6 days).
      RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were followed up at 3 months, 71 patients at 6
      months, 68 patients at 1 year and 51 patients at 2 years. Healing by first
      intention of incision was achieved in 73 cases, and infection occurred in 2
      cases. Fracture reduction failed at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months in 1 case,
      respectively; 1 case received plaster fixation and 2 cases received re-fixation
      and autograft of ilium; and fracture healed in 3 cases at last follow-up. Two
      patients complained of skin numbness at site of superficial branch of radial
      nerve after 1 day, 1 patient had wound pain after operation, and 1 patient had
      infection of tendon at 3 days and 5 days in 1 case respectively. At last follow
      up, the ranges of motion of wrist joint were (80 +/- 9) degrees for pronation,
      (86 +/- 7) degrees for supination, (57 +/- 10) degrees for dorsal flexion, (51 +/
      13) degrees for palmar flexion, (18 +/- 7) degrees for radial inclination, and
      (28 +/- 7) degrees for ulnar deviation. According to modified Green scoring, the
      results were excellent in 66 cases, good in 6 cases and poor in 3 cases. At last
      follow-up, according to Knirk criterion for osteoarthritis, there were 22 cases
      of grade I and 5 cases of grade II, and all were classified as type C.
      CONCLUSION: Internal fixation of distal radial fractures with 2.4 mm locking
      plate system provided a stable fixation with good clinical outcomes.

PMID- 19968166
TI  - [Treatment of intra-articular fracture of distal radius with T-shaped plate
      internal fixation].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of T-shaped plate internal fixation in
      treatment of intra-articular fracture of distal radius. METHODS: From January
      2005 to March 2008, 52 cases of intra-articular fracture of distal radius were
      treated, including 32 males and 20 females and aging 21-60 years old (mean 47
      years old). Fracture was caused by tumbling in 30 cases, by falling from height
      in 8 cases, by traffic accident in 11 cases, and by a crashing object in 3 cases.
      Of 52 cases, there were 50 cases of closed fracture and 2 cases of open fracture.
      According to AO standard of classification, there were 14 cases of B2 type, 16
      cases of B3 type, 15 cases of C1 type, 6 cases of C2 type, and 1 case of C3 type.
      According to the Cooney's general standard of classification of unstable
      fracture, there were 5 cases of type II, 10 cases of type III, and 37 cases of
      type IV. The time from injury to operation was 3-14 days (mean 5 days). All
      patients received open reduction and T-shaped plate fixation. Seven patients
      having bone defect were given 6-15 g autologous ilium or 5 mL calcium sulphate
      artificial aggregate after reduction. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first
      intention. All the patients were followed up for 15 to 30 months postoperatively
      (mean 24 months). The X-ray films showed good anatomical reduction, even
      articular surface and no loosening of internal fixation in all the cases. The
      fractures healed within 9-15 weeks after operation (mean 12 weeks). At last
      follow-up, the mean palmar tilt was 8 degrees and the mean ulnar variance was 21
      degrees, showing statistically significant differences when compared preoperation
      (-5 degrees and 5 degrees, P < 0.05). The radial length were not abbreviated.
      According to Dienst assessment, the results were excellent in 42 cases, good in 3
      cases, fair in 5 cases and poor in 2 cases 12 weeks after operation, and the
      excellent and good rate was 86.5%. CONCLUSION: T-shaped plate fixation is
      reliable and effective in treatment of intra-articular fracture of distal radius
      because it has less complication of infection, loosening of internal fixation,
      reduction failure and tendon rupture.

PMID- 19968167
TI  - [Minimal invasive fixation for pelvic fracture with fluoroscopy-based
      navigation].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the security and effectiveness of minimal invasive
      fixation with fluoroscopy-based navigation in the management of pelvic fractures.
      METHODS: From April 2007 to June 2008, 22 patients with pelvic fractures were
      treated with percutaneous screw fixation under the guidance of a fluoroscopy
      based navigation system after closed reduction. There were 13 males and 9
      females, aged 21-65 years old. Fractures were caused by traffic accident in 17
      cases, and falling from height in 5 cases. According to AO classification, there
      were 2 cases of A2.2 type, 2 cases of A2.3 type, 7 cases of B1.2 type, 3 cases of
      B2.2 type, 1 case of B3.3 type, 2 cases of C1.2 type, 3 cases of C1.3 type, and 2
      cases of C2.3 type. The interval from injury to hospitalization was 4 hours to 3
      days (mean 1.2 days). After 3-13 days of skeletal traction through tibial
      tubercle, the operation was performed. RESULTS: Totally 42 screws were inserted.
      The average time for operation was 20.4 minutes per screw. Forty-one screws were
      inserted correctly with a successful insertion rate of 97.6%, only 1 hollow screw
      was reinserted for deviation. No incision problem and implant failure occurred.
      All 22 patients were followed up 7 to 21 months with an average of 14.5 months.
      At last follow-up, fracture union was achieved in all patients with satisfactory
      screw fixation. According to Majeed functional scoring, the results were
      excellent in 18 cases and good in 4 cases, with an excellent and good rate of
      100%. CONCLUSION: The minimal invasive fixation with fluoroscopy-based navigation
      makes the surgery for the pelvic fracture more precise and time-saving, and
      improves clinical results without an increasing rate of complications.

PMID- 19968168
TI  - [Treatment of reverse oblique fractures of intertrochanteric region of femur with
      proximal femoral nail antirotation].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the operative method and to evaluate the clinical
      outcome of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in treating reverse oblique
      fractures of intertrochanteric region of the femur. METHODS: From January 2007 to
      February 2008, 30 cases of reverse oblique fractures of intertrochanteric region
      of the femur were treated by closed reduction and fixation with PFNA, including
      14 males and 16 females and aging 40-88 years old with an average of 68.6 years
      old. All patients had closed fractures. According to AO classification, there
      were 6 cases of 31-A3.1 type, 7 cases of 31-A3.2 type and 17 cases of 31-A3.3
      types. The time from injury to operation was 2-14 days (with an average of 5.3
      days). All 31-A3.1 and 31-A3.2 type fractures and 9 cases of AO 31-A3.3 type
      fractures were fixed with the standard PFNA, and 8 cases of 31-A3.3 type
      fractures with the PFNA-long. The clinical and radiological examinations were
      done at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after operation. The clinical outcomes were
      evaluated according to the Sanders scoring. RESULTS: Iatrogenic fracture of
      femoral shaft occurred in 1 case; no additional procedures were applied as
      fracture kept favorable stability. Superficial infection occurred in 1 case at 5
      days after operation, wound healed after dressing change and intravenous
      antibiotic therapy. Other wounds healed by first intention. All cases were
      followed up for 12-19 months (mean 14.1 months). All fractures healed
      uneventfully after 12-30 weeks (mean 16.2 weeks). Five patients complained of hip
      pain, 2 patients had lateral leg pain, and the pain was eliminated after
      symptomatic treatment. One case complicated by ipsilateral fracture of the tibial
      plateau had functional disturbance of knee, and one case complicated by
      ipsilateral fracture of the acetabulum and pelvis had functional disturbance of
      hip, and the function was improved after functional exercise. No complications
      such as cut-out or breakage of the implants occurred. According to Sanders
      criteria, the clinical results were excellent in 22 cases, good in 6 cases, and
      poor in 2 cases. The excellent and good rate was 93.3%. CONCLUSION: PFNA is an
      effective treatment method for reverse oblique fractures of intertrochanteric
      region of the femur, with a high rate of bone union, minor soft tissue damage,
      early functional exercise and acceptable complication related to implant.

PMID- 19968169
TI  - Factors affecting the results of distal femoral fractures treated by retrograde
      intramedullary nailing.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors that affect the outcome of distal femoral
      fractures treated by retrograde intramedullary nailing. METHODS: Between November
      1999 and June 2006, 30 patients with 31 distal femoral fractures (15 males and 15
      females, 1 bilateral) were treated by retrograde nailing. Their ages ranged from
      44 to 82 years old (average, 67.2 years old). The causes of injury were slipping
      downs in 17 patients, traffic accidents in 11, and falling from height in 2. The
      average interval from injury to operation was 1.8 days. There were 14 cases of A1
      fracture, 7 cases of A2, 8 cases of A3, and 2 cases of C1 according to AO/OTA
      classifications. The mean distance between the most distal line of the fracture
      and the intercondylar notch was 7.2 cm (range, 0-12 cm). Closed retrograde
      nailing was done without reaming, and bone grafts were not done. RESULTS: The
      operation time averaged 76 minutes (range, 45-110 minutes). All patients were
      followed up for 19-69 months, and the mean follow-up duration was 27 months.
      Twenty-eight of 31 fractures united on the average of 14.7 weeks (range, 12-22
      weeks). Complications occurred in 7 cases. There were 3 nonunions in AO-A3
      fractures which were treated by changing implants or bone graft. Two patients
      suffered screw loosening of distal locking, that were re-fixed. Two patients
      showed limited knee motion of less than 90 degrees flexion. There were no cases
      of deep infection, malunion over 10 degrees of angulation or 1 cm of shortening.
      A satisfactory outcome (excellent and good results) was achieved in 26 of 31
      cases (84%), according to Schatzker and Lambert's criteria. Poor results and
      complications were related to fractures of comminution and located within 5 cm
      from the intercondylar notch (Pearson Chi-square test, P = 0.03). Other possible
      factors including age, kinds of nails used, associated injury, and numbers of
      distal locking screws were not related to the outcome and complication (Pearson
      Chi-square test, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Retrograde nailing may be a useful option
      for distal femoral fractures, but attention should be paid to comminuted
      fractures or fractures close to the knee joint.

PMID- 19968170
TI  - [Arthroscopic percutaneous osteosynthesis of low-energy tibial plateau
      fractures].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the treatment of low-energy tibial plateau fractures with
      arthroscopic percutaneous osteosynthesis. METHODS: From May 2004 to April 2008,
      27 cases of tibial plateau fractures were treated with arthroscopic management.
      There were 19 males and 8 females, aged 18-61 years old (mean 41.5 years old).
      Fracture was caused by traffic accident in 18 cases, by falling from height in 6
      cases, by bruise in 2 cases, and by other in 1 case. There were 8 cases of type
      I, 12 cases of type II, 2 cases of type III and 5 cases of type IV according to
      Schatzker classification. The time from injury to operation was 3-15 days (mean
      5.2 days). After symptomatic managements were performed arthroscopically in 11
      cases of meniscus tear, 4 cases of medial collateral ligament rupture of knee
      joint, 3 cases of anterior cruciate ligament rupture of knee joint and 2 cases of
      cartilage fracture resulting in joint bodies, fracture was reduced and fixed with
      2 or 4 cannulated screws (7 mm in diameter). Autograft of ilium was given 6 cases
      of bone defect. Early functional exercise was done. RESULTS: The operation time
      was 55-150 minutes (mean 93 minutes); the hospitalization days were 7-22 days
      (mean 16 days). All incision healed primarily. Edema of the affected leg occurred
      in all patients and subsided after 3 days of symptomatic management. In one
      patient who did not cooperate in functional exercise, adhesion occurred and
      normal function was recovered after by manual dissolution under conditions of
      anesthesia after 3 months of operation. All patients were followed up 6-36 months
      (mean 16.6 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 105-140 degrees (mean
      121 degrees). According to Lysholm scale of knee joint, the score was 72-100
      points (mean 93.6 points) 6 months after operation. The X-ray film showed no
      signs of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic percutaneous osteosynthesis
      yields satisfactory results and can be accepted as an alternative and effective
      method for the treatment of low-energy tibial plateau fractures.

PMID- 19968171
TI  - [Treatment of Schatzker V/VI tibial plateau fracture involved posteromedial
      condyle through combined approach].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical results of treatment of Schatzker V/VI tibial
      plateau fracture involved posteromedial condyle through combined posteromedial
      and anterolateral approach and fixed with two or three plates. METHODS: From
      April 2005 to April 2008, 18 cases of tibial plateau fracture involved
      posteromedial condyle were treated, including 14 males and 4 females with an
      average age of 38.5 years old (range, 18-62 years old). According to Schatzker
      classification, there were 12 cases of type V and 6 cases of type VI. The
      posteromedial condyle were involved in 13 cases and bilateral posterior condyle
      in 5 cases. All patients were given posteromedial fragment and medial condyle
      fracture reduction through posteromedial approach firstly, and then lateral
      condyle fracture reduction through anterolateral approach, and injury of meniscus
      and cruciate ligaments were treated at the same time. Three plates (lateral,
      medial, posterior) were used in 10 cases and two plates (lateral, posteromedial)
      in 8 cases. RESULTS: All wounds achieved healing by first intention without
      complications such as infection, flap necrosis, osteofascial compartment
      syndrome, chronic osteomyelitis, nonunion. All patients were followed up for 12
      to 48 months with an average of 24.4 months. The mean flexion of the knee was
      118.4 degrees (range, 100-130 degrees) 1 year after operation. According to Iowa
      evaluation system, 12 patients got excellent results, 4 good, and 2 fair; the
      excellent and good rate was 88.9%. CONCLUSION: Combined posteromedial and
      anterolateral approach and fixed with two or three plates is effective in
      treatment of the Schatzker V/VI tibial plateau fracture involved posteromedial
      condyle. Anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation of the posteromedial
      fragment are critical to successful operation.

PMID- 19968172
TI  - [Application of minimally invasive locking compression plate in treatment of
      distal tibia fractures].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis
      (MIPO) technique in treatment of distal tibia fractures with locking compression
      plate (LCP). METHODS: From August 2002 to August 2007, 62 subjects were recruited
      (36 males and 26 females) at mean age of 44 years old (range, 21-87 years old).
      According to AO classification, there were 8 cases of type A1, 15 cases of type
      A2, 9 cases of type A3, 7 cases of type B3, 11 cases of type C1, and 12 cases of
      type C2. Of them, 52 patients had closed fractures and 10 had open fractures. Ten
      open fractures included 6 Grade I fracture and 4 Grade II fracture. The time from
      injury to operation was 8 hours to 6 days. The X-ray films were taken after 3
      months of operation. RESULTS: Near anatomical reduction was achieved in 56
      fractures and acceptable reduction in 6 fractures. Mean operation time was 43
      minutes (range, 37-120 minutes). Primary healing of surgical wounds was observed
      in all cases. Subjects were followed up for 23 months on average (ranged, 18-45
      months). All fractures healed with a mean healing time of 19.5 weeks (range, 16
      32 weeks). According to Teens and Wiss ankle scoring system, 30 patients got
      excellent results, 25 good, and 7 fair; and the excellent and good rate was 88.7%
      at 12-month follow-up. There were 7 cases of delayed soft tissue infection which
      needed implant removal. There was one complication of compartment syndrome which
      required fasciotomy. There was one case with loss of reduction (valgus tilting of
      tibial plafond) that required bone grafting. CONCLUSION: The results of MIPO LCP
      in treatment of distal tibia fractures were satisfactory. This technique was safe
      with no incidence of serious complications.

PMID- 19968173
TI  - [Treatment of nonunion of tibia with superficial peroneal vascular fascia pedicel
      tibiofibular periosteal flap].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical treatment method and the curative effect
      of tibial nonunion with superficial peroneal vascular fascia pedicel tibiofibular
      periosteal flap. METHODS: From January 1996 to December 2008, 18 cases of tibial
      nonunion were treated with superficial peroneal vascular fascia pedicel
      tibiofibular periosteal flap, interlocking intramedullary nailing and cancellous
      bone graft of distal tibial. There were 14 males and 4 females, with an average
      age of 32.5 years old (range, 24-67 years old). Fracture site was middle in 10
      cases and distal in 8 cases. Primary injury cause included 12 cases of traffic
      accident and 6 cases of bruise. The tibial nonunion reasons were manual reduction
      and plaster immobilization in 8 cases, small splint immobilization in 4 cases,
      intramedullary nail fixation in 2 cases (no bone graft), plate fixation in 4
      cases (including 3 cases of plate fixation and free iliac bone graft). Nonunion
      occurred after the first surgery. The time from nonunion to operation was 8 to 16
      months, with an average of 10.5 months. The size of periosteal flap was 7 cm x 5
      cm and distal tibial cancellous bone graft volume was 5-10 g. RESULTS: All
      incision achieved healing by first intention after operation without flap
      necrosis and infection. All patients were followed up 6-36 months with an average
      of 20.8 months. All tibial nonunion healed 5-7 months after operation. According
      to Johner-Wruh scoring, the results were excellent in 14 cases, good in 3 cases,
      and fair in 1 case; the excellent and good rate was 94.4%. CONCLUSION:
      Superficial peroneal vascular tibiofibularfascia pedicel tibiofibular periosteal
      flap and interlocking intramedullary nailing can attain good results in treating
      nonunion of tibia and fibula because of being stable internal fixation and
      promoting the healing of nonunion.

PMID- 19968174
TI  - [Correlation between vertebral screw inserting angle and post-operative spinal
      lateral angulation in surgery via anterior approach for thoracolumbar fractures].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the inserting angle of vertebral
      screws and the extent of post-operative lateral angulation instantly in surgery
      via anterior approach for thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: The clinical data
      were from 172 patients consecutively treated with surgery via anterior approach
      in thoracic and lumbar fractures between May 2004 and January 2008. These cases
      included 124 males and 48 females at the age of 15-70 years old (mean 39 years
      old). One fracture were located at T11, 37 at T12, 88 at L1, 30 at L2, 15 at L3,
      3 at L4. One segment was involved in 170 cases and two segments in 2 cases.
      According to Frankel assessment for neurological status, there were 19 cases of
      grade A, 24 cases of grade B, 45 cases of grade C, 53 cases of grade D, and 31
      cases of grade E. The time from injury to operation was 2-30 days (median 8
      days). According to the coronal Cobb angle instantly after surgery, the patients
      were divided into three groups: 0-5 degrees group, 5-10 degrees group and over 10
      degrees group. Every group was further divided into four subgroups according to
      the type of the internal fixation instruments: Z-plate subgroup, Antares
      subgroup, Profile subgroup and single screw rod (SSR) subgroup. Radiograph images
      were used to evaluate the coronal Cobb angle and inserting angle between the
      screws and end-plates. The screws were named as A, B, C and D in vertebral bodies
      from the cephalic to the caudal portion. The angles between the superior endplate
      and the screws A, B were named as angles A, B, and the angles between the
      inferior endplate and the screws C, D were named as angles C, D. The differences
      were compared between the screw's inserting angle A+D (or/and B+C) and the post
      operative coronal Cobb angle instantly, and linear regression analysis was done.
      The satisfaction survey was accomplished. RESULTS: Surficial infection occurred
      in 1 patient at 7 days and incision healed well after debridement; other
      incisions healed by first intention. A total of 172 cases were followed up for 6
      49 months (mean 39 months). The degree of satisfaction was 3-10 points, median
      8.5 points. Various degrees of neurological function recovered in final follow-up
      except patients for Frankel A grade. The mean coronal Cobb angles were (0.75 +/-
      3.91) degrees for pre-operatively, (3.17 +/- 4.07) degrees for instantly post
      operatively and (3.46 +/- 4.21) degrees at last follow-up; showing statistically
      differences between pre-operatively and instantly post-operatively, between pre
      operatively and at last follow-up (P < 0.05). Comparing the screw's inserting
      angle A+D (or/and B+C) and the coronal Cobb angle, there was statistically
      significant difference between Z-Plate subgroup and other subgroups in 0-5
      degrees group (P < 0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences
      between other subgroups in each group (P > 0.05). Except the screw's inserting
      angle A+D (Z-Plate and SSR subgroups) and angle B+C (Antares subgroup) in 0-5
      degrees group, the post-operative coronal Cobb angle correlated closely with the
      screw's inserting angle A+D (or/and B+C) in other subgroups of 3 groups.
      CONCLUSION: Nonparallelism between the vertebral screws and the correlative end
      plate is one of the main causes of post-operative spinal lateral angulation.

PMID- 19968175
TI  - [Clinical application of rib autograft for iliac crest reconstruction by anterior
      approach of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of rib autograft for
      reconstructing iliac crest by anterior approach of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae,
      and to observe the short-term and long-term effects. METHODS: From September 2004
      to September 2007, 54 cases of thoracic and lumbar injuries were treated by the
      surgery of anterior approach of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. There were 39
      males and 15 females with an average age of 42 years old (range, 27-59 years
      old), including 4 cases of tuberculosis of spine and 50 cases of thoracic and
      lumbar vertebrae bursting fracture. All cases underwent the surgery of anterior
      approach of thoracic or lumbar and iliac crest was used as autograft. Fifty-four
      patients were randomized into the reconstruction group (RG, n = 25) and the non
      reconstruction group (NRG, n = 29). The patients of RG group were treated with
      rib autograft for reconstructing iliac crest. There were no statistically
      significant differences in general data between two groups (P > 0.05). The visual
      analogue scores (VAS) was used to estimate pain degree of treated hip after 2
      weeks, and 3, 12 months. The extension satisfaction grade of iliac crest and the
      comfort degree of action while bundling waist belt were estimated after 12
      months. It was observed whether or not anterior superior iliac spine avulsion
      fracture occurred on the premise of non-accidental trauma within 1 year. The
      occurrence of fracture and the union status of reconstructed iliac crest were
      observed by X-ray after 1 year. RESULTS: All wounds achieved primary healing. No
      complication was found at early stage. All patients were followed up 1 year.
      There was no significant difference in the VAS of the treated hip under
      conditions of clinostatism rest between two groups after 2 weeks and 3 months (P
      > 0.05). But there was significant difference in the VAS under conditions of
      action after 2 weeks and 3 months, under conditions of clinostatism rest after 12
      months (P < 0.05), and the VAS of RG was lower than that of NRG. The exterior
      satisfaction grade of iliac crest and comfort degree of action while bundling
      waist belt in RG were higher than those in NRG after 1 year, showing significant
      differences (P < 0.05). No anterior superior iliac spine avulsion fracture
      occurred after 1 year. And in RG group no fracture of reconstructed iliac crest
      occurred after 1 year. The X-ray film showed that the two ends of rib
      reconstructed by iliac crest were blur, and that the rib healed well with iliac
      bone. CONCLUSION: Rib autograft for reconstruction of iliac crest by anterior
      approach of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was economic and convenient. It could
      improve local appearance, reduce the local pain, and improve patients' life
      quality.

PMID- 19968176
TI  - [Factors to affect severity of hyperextension injury of cervical spinal cord].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors to affect severity of hyperextension injury of
      the cervical spinal cord (HEICSC). METHODS: Forty-five patients with HEICSC, 35
      males and 10 females, aged 27-67 years old (mean 48.2 years old), were
      retrospectively analyzed. The disease course was 30 minutes to 16 days. According
      to modified Frankel grading, there were 6 cases of grade A, 8 cases of grade B,
      16 cases of grade C and 15 cases of grade D. Spinal cord injuries (SCI) segments
      were determined according to SCI plane and high signal change (HSC) in spinal
      cord on MR images. The whole or large part of HSC segments were supposed to be
      main injured spinal cord segments (MISCSs) and the staccato or patchy HSC ones
      were supposed to be common injured spinal cord segments (CISCSs). When the
      external force acting on head or face suffered was larger, the force produced
      during high-speed movement or forehead and/or face had severe contused and/or)
      lacerated wound, the force was defined severe traumatic strength, whereas the
      reverse was true for slight traumatic strength. According to signal magnitude of
      the cervical discs on T2-weighted MR images, degeneration of cervical discs and
      cervical vertebras were classified into 5 grades: grade 0-4. Cervical spinal
      stenosis were graded to 5 grades according to the width of anterior or posterior
      cerebrospinal fluid layer to spinal cord on T2-weighted MR images and compressed
      degree of spinal cord on T1-weighted MR images. The influence of traumatic
      strength, cervical spinal degeneration or cervical spinal stenosis on SCI were
      explored. RESULTS: Among the 45 cases, 12 cases were caused by slight traumatic
      strength, 33 cases were caused by severe one. The cervical spinal cord was
      injuried more slightly and the patients were older in the slight traumatic
      strength cases than in the severe ones (P < 0.05). The number of MISCSs were 45
      in 40 cases and the 25 segments were located at C3, 4 level. The number of CISCSs
      were 39 in 21 cases. All the cervical vertebrates of the 45 patients had
      degenerated. The most were in grade 3 in 22 patients and the severest
      degenerative segments were mostly located in C5,6 discs in 35 ones. The number of
      the MISCSs in different degenerative grades of discs was 0 in grade 0, 9 in grade
      1, 20 in grade 2, 14 in grade 3, and 2 in grade 4. The ratios of the segment
      number of injuried spinal cord to the segment number of spinal stenosis in every
      grade of stenosis were 1/62 in grade 0, 2/11 in grade 1, 27/52 in grade 2, 33/33
      in grade 3, 21/22 in grade 4. CONCLUSION: Three main factors including the
      magnitude of traumatic strength, the degree of instability of cervical vertebrae
      and the degree of cervical stenosis contribute to development and progress of
      HEICSC.

PMID- 19968177
TI  - [Complication and treatment for correction of pectus excavatum with Nuss
      procedure].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review and investigate the complication and the treatment in Nuss
      procedure for correction of pectus excavatum. METHODS: From September 2005 to
      March 2009, 221 patients with pectus excavatum were treated with Nuss procedure,
      including 189 males and 32 females and aging 2 years old and 10 months to 25
      years old (median 8 years and 7 months old). Of 18 patients with recurrent pectus
      excavatum, 12 patients underwent a Ravitch procedure and the recurrence time of
      the depression after the first operation was less than 1 year in 2 patients, 1-3
      years in 3, 3-5 years in 5, and over 5 years in 2; 6 patients underwent a
      stemotumover operation and the recurrence time of the depression after the first
      operation was less than 1 year in 2 patients, 1-3 years in 1 and 3-5 years in 3.
      The other 203 patients had a primary Nuss procedure, and the course of disease
      was from 18 months to 24 years. The preoperative CT scan showed the Haller index
      was 4.36 +/- 1.34. RESULTS: The operation in all the patients were performed
      successfully without complications of death, massive hemorrhage and intrathoracic
      organ injury. The time of operation was 25-80 minutes (mean 40 minutes). The
      bleeding volume during procedure was 5-25 mL, with an average of 10 mL. Local
      allergy occurred in 3 cases after 7-10 months of operation, wound reject reaction
      in 2 cases after 3 and 11 months respectively, and effusion in 3 cases after 6-10
      months; incision healed after dressing change. Incision healed primarily in the
      other patients. Pneumothorax occurred in 3 cases when the operation finished and
      in 7 cases after 2-4 days, pleural effusion in 4 cases after 3-5 days of
      operation, Nuss plate displacement in 2 cases after 3 days and 9 months,
      respectively. The patients having complication recovered well after treatment.
      The complication rate was about 8.72% (17/195). The follow-up period was 2-37
      months for 195 patients. The postoperative Haller index was 2.52 +/- 0.32 after 3
      months of operation, showing statistically significant difference when compared
      with that before operation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nuss procedure with non
      thoracoscopic assistance for correction of pectus excavatum is safe because of
      less trauma and complication.

PMID- 19968178
TI  - [Experimental study on hemostasis of a new chitosan hemostatic powder].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study hemostasis of a new chitosan hemostatic powder. METHODS:
      Twenty-four adult SD rats were made the models of liver injury, male or female,
      and weighing 210-240 g. They were divided into three groups randomly (n = 8)
      depending on different hemostatic powders. The incision of the liver was treated
      with 300 mg Yunnan baiyao (group A1), chitosan hemostatic powder of pH 6.5 (group
      B1) and pH 7.5 (group C1), respectively. The bleeding time and bleeding amount
      were recorded. In vitro, with the modified Ree-White method, 2 mL artery blood
      from New Zealand white rabbit was added into the 0.2 mL solution of Yunnan
      baiyao, chitosan hemostatic powder of pH 6.5 and pH 7.5 (concentration of 0.2
      mg/mL), respectively. The blood coagulation time was recorded. The chitosan blood
      clots of group B2 and group C2 were observed with scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM). RESULTS: The bleeding time of group A1, group B1 and group C1 was (292 +/-
      31), (261 +/- 23), and (224 +/- 28) s, respectively, the bleeding amount was
      (1.63 +/- 0.21), (1.47 +/- 0.18), and (1.18 +/- 0.17) g, respectively, showing
      statistically significant differences between groups B1, C1, and group A1 (P <
      0.05), between group C1 and group B1 (P < 0.05). The blood clotting time of group
      A2, group B2, and group C2 was (653 +/- 41), (255 +/- 20), and (202 +/- 11) s,
      respectively, showing statistically significant differences between groups B2,
      C2, and group A2 (P < 0.05), between group C2 and group B2 (P < 0.05). The SEM
      showed that the blood cells of group B2 and group C2 gathered around the
      chitosan. CONCLUSION: Chitosan hemostatic powder of pH 7.5 has good hemostasis.

PMID- 19968179
TI  - [Effects of NGF on proliferation, mitotic cycle, collagen synthesis and migration
      of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of NGF on the proliferation, mitotic cycle,
      collagen synthesis and migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and to
      explore the function of NGF on the wound healing. METHODS: The 3rd generation of
      HDFs were incubated with various concentrations of NGF (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and
      400 ng/mL), the cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay. After treated
      with NGF at 0, 100 ng/mL, the cell cycle of HDFs was determined by flow cytometry
      (FCM). Hydroxyproline and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) were
      used to measure collagen synthesis at protein level and mRNA level respectively.
      The in vitro cell scratch wound model was set up to observe the effect of NGF (0,
      50, 100 and 200 ng/mL) on the migration of HDFs after 24 hours of culture.
      RESULTS: Absorbance value of HDFs for different concentrations of NGF (0, 25, 50,
      100, 200, and 400 ng/mL) showed that NGF did not influence the proliferation of
      HDFs (P > 0.05). When HDFs were treated with NGF at 0 and 100 ng/mL, the result
      of FCM analysis showed that percentage of HDFs in G0/G1, S, G2/M phases were not
      changed (P > 0.05). Compared with control group, the expression of Col I and Col
      III were not significantly different, measured by both hydroxyproline and FQ-PCR
      (P > 0.05). The rates of HDFs' migration at various concentrations of NGF (0, 50,
      100, 200 ng/mL) were 52.12% +/- 6.50%, 80.67% +/- 8.51%, 66.33% +/- 3.58%, and
      61.19% +/- 0.97%, respectively, indicating that NGF could significantly enhanced
      the migration of HDFs at 50 and 100 ng/mL (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: NGF does not
      influence proliferation, mitotic cycle and collagen synthesis of HDFs, but
      significantly enhanced migration in an in vitro model of wounded fibroblasts.

PMID- 19968180
TI  - [Study on survival time of autogeneic BMSCs labeled with superparamagnetic iron
      oxide in rabbit intervertebral discs].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the survival time of autogeneic BMSCs labeled by
      superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in rabbit intervertebral discs and the rule
      of migration so as to prove bases of gene therapy preventing intervertebral disc
      degeneration. METHODS: Twelve rabbits were used in this experiment, aged 8-10
      weeks, weighing 1.5-2.0 kg and neglecting their gender. BMSCs were separated from
      rabbits bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation and cultivated, and the
      3rd generation of BMSCs were harvested and labeled with SPIO, which was mixed
      with poly-l-lysine. The labeling efficiency was evaluated by Prussian blue
      staining and transmission electron microscope. Trypanblau stain and MTT were
      performed to calculate the cell's activity. Rabbits were randomly divided into
      experimental group (n = 8) and control group (n = 4), the labeled BMSCs and non
      labeled BMSCs (5 x 10(5)/mL) were injected into their own intervertebral discs
      (L1,2, L2,3, L3,4 and L4,5), respectively. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, the discs were
      treated with Perl's fluid to observe cell survival and distribution. RESULTS: The
      labeling efficiency of BMSCs with SPIO was 95.65% +/- 1.06%, the cell activity
      was 98.28% +/- 0.85%. There was no statistically significant difference in cell
      proliferation within 7 days between non-labeled and labeled cells (P > 0.05).
      After 8 weeks of operation, the injected cells was alive. CONCLUSION: Labeled
      BMSCs with SPIO is feasible in vitro and in vivo, and the cells can survive more
      than 8 weeks in rabbit discs.

PMID- 19968181
TI  - [Comparison of whole bone marrow culture method and density gradient
      centrifugation method of isolating hBMSCs].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To make a comparative study on the effects of whole bone marrow
      culture method and density gradient centrifugation method in isolating hBMSCs.
      METHODS: hBMSCs were obtained from healthy adult volunteers and isolated by whole
      bone marrow culture method and density gradient centrifugation method. Primary
      cell morphology was observed using inverted phase contrast microscope and the
      cells in the 2nd passage were stained with HE after being cultured for 7 days.
      And then, the generation time of the primary, 2nd and 3rd passage hBMSCs was
      compared between two methods and the surface markers were detected by flow
      cytometer. In addition, the ALP expression in osteoinductive hBMSCs were
      evaluated by ALP activity kit at 3, 6 and 9 days and ALP staining was used for
      osteoinductive hBMSCs with Kaplow method at 9 days. RESULTS: Primary cells
      isolated with whole bone marrow culture method showed aggregation growth while
      cells isolated with density gradient centrifugation method showed diffusion
      growth. HE staining showed no significant difference in the morphology of the 2nd
      passage cells between these two methods. The generation time of primary cells
      isolated by whole bone marrow culture method (15.36 +/- 1.67) days was
      significantly shorter than that of cells isolated by density gradient
      centrifugation method [(18.57 +/- 1.05) days] (P < 0.01), while the generation
      time of the 2nd and 3rd passage cells showed no statistically significant
      differences between these methods (P > 0.05). The consent of positive surface
      markers (CD29, CD44, CD71, CD105, CD166) and negative surface marker CD34 in the
      2nd cells showed no significant difference between these two isolation methods (P
      > 0.05); however, negative markers CD14 and CD45 showed significant difference (P
      < 0.01). The ALP expression in osteoinductive cells showed no statistical
      significant (P > 0.05) at 3, 6 and 9 days; and the ALP staining positive cell
      ratio of whole bone marrow culture method was basically in accordance with that
      of density gradient centrifugation method at 9 days. CONCLUSION: hBMSCs could be
      isolated by whole bone marrow culture method, and the cell isolation effects of
      whole bone marrow culture method are equivalent with density gradient
      centrifugation method.

PMID- 19968182
TI  - [Biocompatibility of silk fibroin nanofibers scaffold with olfactory ensheathing
      cells].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of silk fibroin nanofibers
      scaffold with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and to provide an ideal tissue
      engineered scaffold for the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Silk
      fibroin nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning techniques and were
      observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Freshly isolated OECs from SD
      rats purified by the modified differential adherent velocity method were
      cultured. The cells at passage 1 (1 x 10(4) cells/cm2) were seeded on the poly-l
      lysine (control group) and the silk fibroin nanofibers (experimental group)
      coated coverslips in Petri dish. At desired time points, the morphological
      features, growth, and adhesion of the cells were observed using phase contrast
      inverted microscopy. The OECs were identified by the nerve growth factor receptor
      p75 (NGFR p75) immunofluorescence staining. The viability of OECs was examined by
      live/dead assay. The proliferation of OECs was examined by MTT assay. The
      cytotoxicity of the nanofibers was evaluated. RESULTS: The SEM micrographs showed
      that the nanofibers had a smooth surface with solid voids among the fibers,
      interconnecting a porous network, constituted a fibriform three dimensional
      structure and the average diameter of the fibers was about (260 +/- 84) nm. The
      morphology of OECs on the experimental group was similar to the cell morphology
      on the control group, the cells distributed along the fibers, and the directions
      of the cell protrusions were in the same as that of the fibers. Fluorescence
      microscopy showed that the purity of OECs was 74.21% +/- 2.48% in the
      experimental group and 79.05% +/- 2.52% in the control group 5 days after
      culture. There was no significant difference on cell purity between two groups (P
      > 0.05). The OECs in the experimental group stained positive for NGFR p75
      compared to the control group, indicating that the cells in the experimental
      group still maintained the OECs characteristic phenotype. Live/dead staining
      showed that high viability was observed in both groups 3 days after culture.
      There was no significant difference on cell viability between two groups. The
      proliferation activity at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days was examined by MTT assay. The
      absorbency values of the control group and the experimental group had significant
      differences 3 and 5 days after culture (P < 0.05). The relative growth rates were
      95.11%, 90.35%, 92.63%, 94.12%, and 94.81%. The cytotoxicity of the material was
      grade 1 and nonvenomous according to GB/T 16886 standard. CONCLUSION: Silk
      fibroin nanofibers scaffold has good compatibility with OECs and is a promising
      tissue engineered scaffold for the repair of SCI.

PMID- 19968183
TI  - [Effect of simvastatin on mRNA expressions of some components of Wnt signaling
      pathway in differentiation process of osteoblasts derived from BMSCs of rats].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To confirm the stimulating effect of simvastatin on BMSCs of SD rats
      osteogenic differentiation, and to further study the role of Wnt signaling
      pathway in this process. METHODS: BMSCs derived from the tibia and femur of 6
      week-old female SD rats were cultured in vitro. Two groups were established:
      control group and experimental group. After the 2nd passage, the cells of
      experimental group were treated with simvastatin (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) and the cells
      of control group with absolute ethyl alcohol and PBS. ALP staining was used at 7
      days and von Kossa staining was applied at 28 days to assess osteoblastic
      differentiation and mineralization. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to
      evaluate the expressions of Axin2, beta-catenin, osteocalcin (OC), frizzled-2,
      Lef-1, and Wnt5a mRNA at 7 days and 14 days after simvastatin treatment. RESULTS:
      The observation of inverted phase contrast microscope showed that the majority of
      cells were polygonal and triangular in the experimental group, and were spindle
      shaped in the control group at 7 days. The ALP staining showed blue cytoplasm,
      the positive cells for ALP staining in the experimental group were more than
      those in the control group at 7 days. The von Kossa staining showed that
      mineralization of extracellular matrix at 28 days in two groups, but the
      mineralization in the experimental group was more obvious than that in the
      control group. The expression of Axin2 mRNA was significantly lower, and frizzled
      2, Lef-1 mRNA were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the
      control group (P < 0.05) at 7 days, while the mRNA expressions of Axin2, OC,
      frizzled-2, Lef-1, and Wnt5a were significantly higher in the experimental group
      than in the control group at 14 days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Simvastatin can
      promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and change the expression of mRNA
      of some components of Wnt signaling pathway.

PMID- 19968184
TI  - [A new composite matrix bridging both stumps of spinal cord transection in rats
      to promote recovery of motor function].
AB  - OBJECTIVE; To investigate a new composite matrix (BMSCs seeded on the denuded
      human amniotic membrane, BMSCs-DHAM) bridging the both stumps of spinal cord
      injury in rats to promote axon regeneration and improve motor function of hind
      limbs. METHODS: The human amniotic membrane (HAM) was voluntarily donated by the
      healthy pregnant women after a caesarean section. The cells on the HAM were
      completely removed with a tryptic and mechanical approach to prepare DHAM. The
      BMSCs were separated and cultured from 4-week-old female rats (n = 4), then the
      forth passage of BMSCs were labeled by PKH26 and seeded on DHAM (BMSCs-DHAM). The
      growing state of BMSCs was observed under the microscopy. Moreover, 40 female
      rats (8-week-old, weighting 200-220 g) were made spinal cord injury models by
      transecting at T9 level, and were randomly divided into 4 groups (each group, n =
      10). The both stumps were respectively wrapped by BMSCs-DHAM or simple DHAM in
      groups A and C, and the same dose of BMSCs or physiological saline were also
      respectively injected the central lesion in groups B and D. At 12 weeks after
      surgery, the functional recovery of the hindlimbs was evaluated by the BBB
      locomotor rating score, and other indexes were tested including cortical motion
      evoked potential (MEP), anterograde biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) tracing, and
      immunofluorescence of neurofilament protein 200 (NF-200). RESULTS: HE staining
      proved that the DHAM was devoid of cellular components by this way, and BMSCs
      grew well on the substrate under the microscopy. At 12 weeks after operation, the
      BBB score (12.50 +/- 1.26) in group A was significantly higher than those of
      other groups (P < 0.05), and the recovery in latency (3.52 +/- 2.45) ms and
      amplitude (480.68 +/- 18.41) microV of MEP was also obviously improved in group A
      (P < 0.05) when compared with other groups. In addition, anterograde BDA tracing
      revealed that the rate of the positive BDA axons 54.12% +/- 3.30% under the
      lesion level in group A was higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05), and
      lots of the regeneration axons (positive NF-200) were found to grow into the
      spinal cord under the composite matrix in group A. CONCLUSION: The BMSCs-DHAM
      composite matrix can improve hindlimb motor function to some extent after spinal
      cord injury. It will be widely applied as the matrix material in the future.

PMID- 19968185
TI  - [Development of injectable bone repair biomaterials].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To introduce the basic research and clinical application of the
      injectable bone repair biomaterials. METHODS: The recent original articles about
      the injectable bone repair biomaterials were extensively reviewed. RESULTS: The
      injectable bone repair biomaterials could fill irregularly shaped defects and
      might allow bone augmentation, both with minimal surgical intervention, and the
      injectable bone repair material had a good prospect by the medical profession and
      attach great importance to the academic material, but there were some
      deficiencies and shortcomings. CONCLUSION: The injectable bone repair
      biomaterials may be a future approach to repair bone defect.

PMID- 19968186
TI  - [Progress of biodegradable internal fixation materials].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To sum up the recent progress of common biodegradable internal
      fixation materials and to forecast the possible directions for further research.
      METHODS: The latest original articles about biomechanical properties, degradation
      characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable internal fixation
      materials were extensively reviewed. Several common biodegradable materials were
      selected and expounded in different categories. RESULTS: The disadvantages of
      stress shielding and the second time removal, could be avoided by using
      biodegradable internal fixation materials instead of metal materials.
      Biodegradable internal fixation materials could fix fracture stably and they were
      ideal orthopedic internal fixation materials. Natural biodegradable polymers had
      excellent biocompatibility but poor mechanical strength. Synthetic biodegradable
      materials could be artificially regulated their degradation rate and had better
      mechanical strength, however, they had shortcomings in biocompatibility.
      Composite materials could learn from others' strong points to offset their
      weakness, therefore, they had pronounced advantages over the former two
      materials. CONCLUSION: There still exist many problems in present biodegradable
      internal fixation materials although they are of great potential in its
      application. Combining various biomaterials and using the specific processing
      technology to develop a biodegradable material which has better biomechanical
      properties, chemical properties and physical structure is the direction for
      future research.

PMID- 19968187
TI  - [Development of tumor treatment-related premature ovarian failure and ovarian
      function reconstruction].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reason of tumor treatment-related premature ovarian
      failure, and to review the progress of ovarian functional reconstruction.
      METHODS: The literature about the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on
      ovarian function and reconstruct ovarian function was reviewed, analysed and
      summarized. RESULTS: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can both affect ovarian
      function. The ovarian function reconstruction included fresh ovarian
      transplantation and ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation. Frequent
      ovarian cryopreservation was procedure slow-freezing protocols and vitrification
      protocols. Some laboratory and animal models of ovarian function reconstruction
      have come to gratifying results. CONCLUSION: Ovarian function reconstruction has
      a potential clinical value and provides a promising future.

PMID- 19968188
TI  - Device for improving quantification of reading acuity and reading speed.
AB  - PURPOSE: To present a new device, the Salzburg Reading Desk (SRD), for the
      standardized testing of reading acuity and reading speed at a subjectively
      convenient reading distance (best distance). METHODS: First, in a systematic
      experimental setup, testing for validity and reliability was performed at 450
      simulated reading distances (90 different test situations, each repeated 5 times)
      between 16 and 70 cm. The distance read-outs by the SRD software were correlated
      to the distances measured with a meter ruler. Second, reading distance and
      reading speed of 27 naturally emmetropic and presbyopic patients were evaluated
      using the log-scaled Radner Reading Charts implemented in the SRD. RESULTS: In
      the experimental setup, an overall mean difference of the SRD distance read-out
      compared to a standard distance measurement with a meter ruler-of 0.08+/-0.13 cm
      was observed. In the presbyopic patients, overall mean reading distance was
      49.74+/-4.43 cm. Patients were able to read with their own subjectively
      convenient reading distance. A constant mean reading speed of sentences with
      bigger typeface (between 152.4+/-22.6 words/minute [wpm] and 157.3+/-15.8 wpm)
      was found, but reading speed gradually diminished over time when reading
      sentences with smaller typeface. CONCLUSIONS: The SRD seems to be a valid and
      reliable device for testing reading acuity at the best reading distance in an
      experimental setup as well as in clinical use in presbyopic patients. The SRD may
      be used whenever a detailed comparison of different methods for correcting
      presbyopia is required.

PMID- 19968189
TI  - This issue: telemedicine.

PMID- 19968190
TI  - A 9-year-old boy in a confused, sleepy state.

PMID- 19968191
TI  - A 16-year-old boy with hepatosplenomegaly.

PMID- 19968193
TI  - Telemedicine and neonatal regionalization of care - ensuring that the right baby
      gets to the right nursery.

PMID- 19968192
TI  - Tele-education: linking educators with learners via distance technology.

PMID- 19968194
TI  - Telemedicine for children in need of intensive care.

PMID- 19968195
TI  - Practical applications of telemedicine for pediatricians.

PMID- 19968196
TI  - Telehealth: 'necessity is the mother of invention'.

PMID- 19968197
TI  - Telemedicine and child abuse examinations.

PMID- 19968198
TI  - Transforming systems of care for children in the global community.

PMID- 19968199
TI  - New ideas in nursing: telehealth.

PMID- 19968200
TI  - Pediatric dermatology cases.

PMID- 19968201
TI  - A 10-month-old boy with 'total body swelling'.

PMID- 19968202
TI  - An 11-month-old girl with saliva impaction and vomiting. Diagnosis: congenital
      esophageal stenosis.

PMID- 19968203
TI  - A 3-month-old girl with a rash on her neck and upper chest. Diagnosis: Group A
      beta-hemolytic(GABHS) Streptococcus interterigo.

PMID- 19968204
TI  - An 11-year-old boy with a fever and non-pruritic rash.

PMID- 19968205
TI  - A 3-year-old boy with fever and oral lesions. Diagnosis: methemoglobinemia.

PMID- 19968206
TI  - A 12-month-old boy with impaired pigmentation. Diagnosis: nevus depigmentosus.

PMID- 19968207
TI  - Acute pupil asymmetry in a 6-month-old boy. Diagnosis: pharmacologic anisocoria.

PMID- 19968208
TI  - The impact of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act on occupational
      health nursing.
AB  - This article addresses the impact of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination
      Act on occupational health nursing.

PMID- 19968209
TI  - When is an injury compensable?
AB  - Whether an injury is compensable depends on many factors. This article addresses
      some of the factors surrounding this issue.

PMID- 19968210
TI  - Evaluating risk: rabies exposure and occupational implications.
AB  - Despite advances in vaccination, rabies remains a significant worldwide public
      health problem. Although the death rate is low in the United States, treatment
      and prevention costs are high. Occupational health nurses and occupational health
      nurse practitioners should consider rabies epidemiology, pathophysiology, and
      disease prevention and management when evaluating an employee's risk of exposure
      and subsequent infection.

PMID- 19968212
TI  - Why health care workers decline influenza vaccination.
AB  - Influenza vaccine is essential to preventing influenza among health care workers
      and their patients. Therefore, the staff of the employee health clinic worked
      diligently to provide an opportunity for all employees to receive influenza
      vaccinations. Despite these efforts, a significant percentage of employees
      declined the vaccine. During the 2007-2008 influenza season, employees were
      instructed to either receive the influenza vaccine or decline in writing. The
      vaccination rate for all staff members and direct caregivers, during the 2007
      2008 vaccination season, was 52%, with 35% declining and 13% not participating.
      In response to the 35% declining, data were analyzed to develop an effective
      educational tool focused on reasons for declination. This article presents an
      overview of the study, the reasons employees declined influenza vaccine, and
      strategies for improving vaccination rates.

PMID- 19968213
TI  - Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in primary and secondary cardiovascular
      disease prevention.
AB  - Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PuFA) therapy shows promise in
      primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 19968214
TI  - Method for quantifying patient expectations and early recovery after total knee
      arthroplasty.
AB  - Many components of a surgeon's total knee arthroplasty (TKA) treatment regimen
      affect the rate of recovery, such as patient selection, preoperative education,
      surgical technique, pain management, and postoperative rehabilitation. Therefore,
      accurate counseling requires that the surgeon quantifies patient expectations and
      early recovery of the treatment regimen with a method that minimizes interviewer
      bias. Preoperatively and 4 to 5 weeks after TKA, 285 patients (306 consecutive
      primary TKAs) responded to a survey consisting of customized questions, the
      Oxford score, the SF-12, and Knee Society scores on a handheld data acquisition
      device. The average response to each question on the 4- to 5-week postoperative
      survey defined patient expectations, and the change in a response between the 4-
      to 5-week postoperative and the preoperative survey determined whether the
      surgical intervention improved the patient. At 4 to 5 weeks postoperatively, 80%
      of patients walked without a cane, 54% drove a car, 88% thought the treated knee
      was functioning better than before surgery, 93.5% thought the treated knee was
      normal or nearly normal, and 98% thought the alignment of their limb was "just
      right." By 4 to 5 weeks, patients experienced less pain and showed significant
      improvements in 11 of 12 activities queried by the Oxford score, SF-12 physical
      score, Knee function score, Knee Society score, and knee extension. Flexion was
      significantly less at 4 to 5 weeks, and the SF-12 mental score was not
      significantly different. Average hospital stay was 2 nights, with 98% discharged
      home. Surgeons should consider a method that minimizes interviewer bias to
      quantify patient expectations and rate of recovery of their specific treatment
      regimen, and then use this information to counsel their patients to avoid
      disappointment after TKA.

PMID- 19968215
TI  - Delaying knee replacement and implications on early postoperative outcomes: a
      pilot study.
AB  - The goal of this study was to compare outcomes during postoperative
      rehabilitation between individuals who delayed surgery to those who did not delay
      surgery. Forty-two patients who underwent unilateral total knee replacement (TKR)
      were categorized into 2 groups: early surgical (n=30, surgery 324 days prior) and
      late surgical (n=12, surgery >or=325 days from the initial orthopedic office
      visit). The KSKS, KSFS, SF-12 PC summary, and AROM for knee extension and flexion
      were assessed preoperatively. The WOMAC, weight bearing during a 30 degrees
      (SQ30) and 60 degrees (SQ60) squat, and the Timed Up and Go were assessed at the
      initial visit and discharge of rehabilitation. A Mann-Whitney was used to assess
      for differences between groups for the WOMAC pain and physical function
      dimensions at the initial visit and at discharge. A 2x2 ANOVA was used to assess
      for differences between groups at the initial visit and at discharge for SQ30,
      SQ60, and Timed Up and Go. Independent t tests were used to assess for
      differences between groups for clinical measures taken preoperatively. Effect
      sizes were calculated over postoperative rehabilitation. Regardless of time, the
      late surgical group placed significantly less body weight on the involved side
      during SQ30 and took longer to complete the Timed UP and Go. The late surgical
      group reported greater pain at the initial visit and greater difficulty with
      functional activities at the initial visit and discharge. Change scores were
      similar in both groups and effect sizes were moderate to high. Individuals who
      delayed surgery, for whatever reason, did not perform at levels of their
      counterparts who had shorter waiting times.

PMID- 19968216
TI  - Elevated temperature trends after total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Fever after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common phenomenon. However, the
      pattern of temperature change and its correlation with perioperative factors
      remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to define the trend of
      postoperative body temperature in patients undergoing TKA. This study also sought
      any factors influencing body temperature. We reviewed the charts of 186
      clinically uncomplicated patients to record the changes of body temperature in
      the first 5 postoperative days and to determine the factors affecting it. The
      temperature trends of patients with acute prosthetic infection were also reviewed
      for comparison. In uncomplicated patients, the average peak temperature was 37.9
      degrees C, a 3.3% increase from the preoperative baseline, 36.7 degrees C. The
      temperature elevation was most remarkable on postoperative days 1 and 2, but only
      4 patients experienced fever up to 39 degrees C. Patients with lower hemoglobin
      loss showed higher peak temperature. Patients with postoperative infection tended
      to have prolonged fever and delayed presentation of peak temperature. Our study
      illustrated the elevated pattern of body temperature after uncomplicated TKA and
      determined the loss of hemoglobin might be the affecting factor. Fever up to 39
      degrees C, prolonged fever, and delayed presentation of peak temperature were
      uncommon and should raise the clinical suspicion of infection or other
      complication.

PMID- 19968217
TI  - Evaluation of reducing postoperative hip precautions in total hip replacement: a
      randomized prospective study.
AB  - Currently, many rehabilitation protocols for total hip replacements (THRs)
      include activity restrictions to prevent postoperative dislocation. There is
      increasing demand for more efficient and safe rehabilitation protocols. This
      randomized prospective study evaluates the need for hip restrictions following a
      modified anterolateral procedure. From 2004 to 2008, 81 patients seeking elective
      THRs were randomly assigned into a standard rehabilitation group or an early
      rehabilitation group. The standard group included restrictions to avoid hip
      flexion >90 degrees and avoidance of riding in a car for the first postoperative
      month. The early group had no flexion or car riding restrictions. Forty-three
      patients were in the standard group and 38 patients were in the early group.
      There were no significant demographic differences between the 2 groups. All
      patients completed the Short Form 12-question Health Survey and Harris Hip Score
      preoperatively and at 4 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The
      time-points at which the patient first drove and ambulated with a cane, without a
      cane, and without a limp were also collected. No incidents of dislocation
      occurred. Patients in the early group were faster to ambulate with only a cane
      (P=.03), without a cane (P<.001), and without a limp (P=.003). They also drove
      earlier (P=.02). Pace of recovery was the only significant difference between the
      2 groups. The early rehabilitation protocol increases the pace of recovery
      compared to a pathway with hip precautions without increasing complications.

PMID- 19968218
TI  - Study on the impact of morselized bones on biological binding of HA-coated
      femoral stem in dogs.
AB  - The impact of the dog's morselized autologous bone implantation into femoral
      medullary cavity on binding in the hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem prosthesis
      bone interface was studied. Twenty-four adult mongrel dogs were divided into 2
      groups: experimental and control. The experimental group's medullary cavity was
      filled with morselized autologous bone. Artificial femoral-stem replacements at
      the right side were then carried out. At 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively,
      computed tomography (CT) values reflecting changes in bone density were measured.
      A histological observation to check prosthesis-bone interface contact ratios and
      bone growth was conducted. Analysis of radiographs of slices was made using
      Interactive Data Language (IDL; ITT Visual Information Solutions, Boulder,
      Colorado) software. Results showed that the experimental group fared better than
      the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<.05).
      Stereomicroscope-based observation showed that the number of trabecular bones in
      the experimental group was larger than that of the control group, and bone growth
      of the experimental group was also better than that of the control group.
      Inverted microscope observation showed that the binding degree between prosthesis
      and trabecular bone of the experimental group was higher than that of the control
      group. Comparatively, the experimental group's trabecular bone had more
      osteogenic cells. The binding between morselized autologous bone and
      hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem prosthesis can improve direct bone-contact
      ratios, and the experimental group's number of newly formed trabecular bone was
      significantly larger than that of the control group.

PMID- 19968219
TI  - Subtalar arthroscopic procedures for the treatment of subtalar pathologic
      conditions: 115 consecutive cases.
AB  - Arthroscopic procedures of subtalar pathology has shown promising results in
      previous studies, but the number of patients was relatively small. This article
      describes our experience and evaluated the clinical outcomes of 115 patients
      treated with subtalar arthroscopy for a range of subtalar pathologies. One
      hundred fifteen patients were followed up for >1 year after undergoing a subtalar
      arthroscopic procedure. Mean patient age was 40 years, and mean follow-up period
      was 42 months. Preoperative diagnosis included sinus tarsi syndrome in 31
      patients, degenerative arthritis in 30, calcaneal fracture in 15, arthrofibrosis
      in 10, os trigonum syndrome in 8, talar fracture in 5, talocalcaneal coalition in
      7, and calcaneal tumor in 1. The clinically modified American Orthopaedic Foot
      and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scales and patient
      satisfaction were evaluated. Thirty-one patients had subtalar synovitis and
      underwent synovectomy; 9 had mild degenerative disease and underwent debridement
      and chondroplasty; 6 had chondromalacia and underwent intra-articular shaving; 11
      had a loose body removed; 10 underwent arthroscopic resection for arthrofibrosis;
      8 had symptomatic os trigonum and underwent arthroscopic excision; 6 underwent
      excision and multiple drilling for an osteochondral lesion of the talus; and 26
      had severe degenerative joint disease and underwent arthroscopic subtalar
      arthrodesis. The mean modified AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale in the subtalar fusion
      group was increased from 33 points preoperatively to 84 points postoperatively
      (P< .005), and the mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale in the other-than-fusion group
      increased from 69 points preoperatively to 89 points postoperatively (P<.005).
      Ninety-seven percent of patients were satisfied with the procedure, and there
      were no serious complications.

PMID- 19968220
TI  - Management of the second and third metatarsal in moderate and severe hallux
      valgus.
AB  - Hallux valgus is a common disorder of the forefoot that results from medial
      deviation of the first metatarsal and lateral deviation and/or rotation of the
      great. The management of hallux valgus is usually focused on the malalignment of
      the first ray, however, some patients report that pain at the plantar aspect of
      second and/or third metatarsal head(s) is more severe than the first
      metatarsophalangeal joint. In order to alleviate the metatarsalgia, we developed
      an oblique sliding osteotomy to manage the second metatarsal. This article
      reports the results of 17 feet that were treated with oblique sliding osteotomy.
      Average patient age was 55.3 years. The transverse arch of all patients had
      sagged, and all patients had painful calluses below the lesser metatarsals.
      Functional outcome was evaluated with the hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal
      angle, proximal articular and distal articular set angles, and American
      Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scoring system. The mean hallux valgus angle
      was 37.6 degrees preoperatively and 13.2 degrees postoperatively (mean
      correction, 24.4 degrees) and the mean intermetatarsal angle was 14.6 degrees
      preoperatively and 6.8 degrees postoperatively (mean correction, 8.8 degrees).
      American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores improved from an average of 58
      preoperatively to 87 postoperatively. Based on appearance and function, the
      outcomes of 16 feet were satisfactory. Pain of the forefoot was ameliorated and
      Mielke scores of 14 feet were either very good or good (82.3%) and satisfactory
      for 2 feet. Final follow-up was an average of 16 months and all patients were
      ambulating normally. We thus conclude that this surgical technique is effective
      in patients with moderate or severe hallux valgus.

PMID- 19968221
TI  - Anatomic variance of interfacet distance and its relationship to facet arthrosis
      and disk degeneration in the lumbar spine.
AB  - Inadequate separation of the L4-S1 facets predisposes individuals to
      spondylolytic defects. We proposed that decreased interfacet separation is a risk
      factor for increased lumbar degenerative disease. This study examined the
      correlation between interfacet distance and degenerative disease of the lumbar
      spine. Four hundred forty-four cadaveric lumbar spines were examined for evidence
      of lumbar facet arthrosis and disk degeneration. Arthrosis at each level was
      graded from 0 to 4 on a continuum from no arthritis to complete ankylosis. These
      results were then examined in relation to interfacet spread. Interfacet distances
      were measured at each level (L1-S1). The difference in interfacet spread (L4-S1)
      was then correlated to facet arthrosis and disk degeneration. In individuals
      younger than 50 years (n=251), increased interfacet spread (L4-S1) was associated
      with less facet arthrosis at the L5/Sl level (P<.05). Similarly, in individuals
      younger than 40 years (n=149), increased interfacet spread (L4-S1) was associated
      with less disk degeneration at the L5/S1 level (P<.03). Insufficient increase in
      interfacet distances (L4-S1) correlates with a greater risk of developing and
      maintaining spondylolytic defects. Similarly, this study suggests that increased
      interfacet spread (L4-S1) protects against early degenerative changes at the
      L5/Sl level. The more pyramidal the L4-S1 facet cascade, the lower the arthrosis.
      This effect appears early in the degenerative process before facet arthrosis and
      disk degeneration have become ubiquitous. In individuals younger than 50 years,
      increased interfacet distance correlates with less L5/Sl facet arthrosis.

PMID- 19968222
TI  - Radiofrequency and its effect on suture strength.
AB  - The use of radiofrequency-based electrocautery for hemostasis and ablation within
      the subacromial space and glenohumeral joint can cause damage to suture material.
      Prior studies have focused on the mechanical properties of sutures including
      their ability to withstand abrasion. The purpose of this study was to determine
      the effect of electrical energy on the mechanical properties of 5 different
      brands of #2 suture used for arthroscopic shoulder repair: FiberWire (Arthrex
      Inc, Naples, Florida); Orthocord (DePuy Mitek, Norwood, Massachusetts); Hi-Fi
      (formally Herculine; Linvatec Corp, Largo, Florida); MaxBraid (Teleflex Medical,
      Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); and Ethibond (Ethicon, Inc, Somerville,
      New Jersey). A matched pair of human deltoid muscle submerged in buffered saline
      solution (pH 7.4) was used as a test medium. The suture strengths were tested in
      3 different scenarios. The 3 groups were as follows: control group without
      electrical current, coagulation group with direct introduction of electrical
      current on a coagulate setting for 2 seconds, and a cutting group with direct
      introduction of electrical current on a cut setting for 2 seconds. Hi-Fi suture
      seemed to be the least susceptible to damage by direct electrocautery
      application. Orthocord suffered the greatest loss of strength of all materials
      tested. This study demonstrates that exposure to electrocautery damages and
      weakens suture. Great care should be taken when electrocautery is used during
      arthroscopic repairs to prevent suture failure and preserve repair integrity.

PMID- 19968223
TI  - Total knee arthroplasty in a patient with Hardcastle syndrome.
AB  - Diaphyseal medullary stenosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia of unknown etiology
      with potential autosomal dominant genetic inheritance. A variant of diaphyseal
      medullary stenosis has been associated with a high risk of malignant
      transformation, specifically in the form of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. This
      potential combination of diaphyseal medullary stenosis and malignant fibrous
      histiocytoma is known as Hardcastle syndrome. This article presents a case of a
      32-year-old man with osteoarthrosis of the knee as a consequence of Hardcastle
      syndrome for which he underwent a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a
      satisfactory outcome. Our case demonstrates pathological and radiological signs
      of skull involvement, which has not previously been reported in the literature as
      a manifestation of this condition. We discuss the differential diagnoses of
      diaphyseal dysplasia that should be considered in such cases and advocate the use
      of a triad of preoperative radiological investigations, including early thallium
      isotope bone, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. We also
      discuss the use of long-stemmed prostheses, extramedullary femoral alignment, and
      the concerns of using Computer Assisted Surgery for total knee arthroplasty in
      patients with diaphyseal medullary stenosis.With the short-term success of TKA in
      Hardcastle syndrome, we found that TKA could be considered as an alternative
      treatment option in symptomatic patients. However, due to the fact that the
      potential for malignant transformation in this syndrome is unchanged by a TKA,
      the patient should remain under close clinical and radiological follow-up.

PMID- 19968224
TI  - The use of locking plates for greater trochanteric fixation.
AB  - Stable fixation for healing of the greater trochanter after fracture or osteotomy
      is difficult to achieve, especially when associated with periprosthetic
      osteolysis. Wiring techniques are cumbersome and cable grip fixation has an
      unacceptable rate of non-union, cable fraying, and production/migration of third
      body debris. Using 4 case examples, we present a novel and straightforward
      locking plate technique that we currently use to achieve such fixation. This
      method also allows placement of bulk allograft that may restore trochanteric bone
      stock in cases of marked osteolysis. The technique uses implants that are readily
      available, and can be employed not only in fixation of trochanteric osteotomy but
      also in trochanteric advancement. At a minimum of 20 months follow-up, healing of
      the fracture or osteotomy with full abductor function and a significant
      improvement in hip score was observed in each of the 4 patients. We acknowledge
      that biomechanical and larger clinical studies are necessary to confirm the
      success of this technique, but we are pleased with our preliminary findings and
      continue to use this approach.

PMID- 19968225
TI  - Symptomatic loose bodies of the knee located in a popliteal cyst.
AB  - Locating loose bodies in a knee arthroscopically can be challenging. Common
      locations for loose bodies to hide include the lateral and medial gutters as well
      as under the menisci. In 1986, Fergusson and Burge reported a single case of a
      loose body intermittently traveling between the intracapsular space and an
      extracapsular popliteal cyst. This article describes a similar event involving a
      22-year-old man. Our patient experienced recurrent symptomatic loose bodies in
      the knee requiring previous knee arthroscopies. Most recently the patient had a
      radiographically documented and clinically symptomatic intra-articular knee loose
      body prior to surgery. Initial basic diagnostic knee arthroscopy did not reveal
      the loose body. On further arthroscopic evaluation of the posteromedial
      compartment of the knee, a capsular opening to a popliteal cyst was discovered.
      An accessory posteromedial portal was then used to directly visualize the
      contents of the cyst. Three loose bodies capable of traveling between the cyst
      and the joint were discovered. Transillumination allowed for safe localization of
      the cyst and subsequent percutaneous removal of the loose bodies under direct
      arthroscopic visualization.We recommend direct arthroscopic visualization of the
      posteromedial and posterolateral compartments of the knee when a known loose body
      cannot be located during basic diagnostic knee arthroscopy.

PMID- 19968226
TI  - Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: rare presentation in the knee joint space.
AB  - Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilage tumor that rarely
      presents in the joint space. This article presents a case of a man who presented
      with a 1-year history of continuous growth of a mass over the medial aspect of
      his right knee. Radiographs demonstrated osteoarthritis, and arthroscopy was
      performed for degenerative joint disease. At the time of surgery, an intra
      articular mass was encountered and an unplanned biopsy was performed.
      Pathological analysis revealed the mass to be a primary extraskeletal, intra
      articular chondrosarcoma. He had no history of malignancy. He underwent extra
      articular resection of the lesion and reconstruction with endoprosthesis. The
      patient's clinical course required multiple re-operations, and pulmonary
      metastases developed. A gastrocnemius flap was performed for wound coverage in
      proximity to the resected arthroscopy portals. This case emphasizes the
      importance of proper preoperative imaging and planning for lesion biopsies.
      Proper initial management may have led to lesser overall morbidity. Review of the
      literature reveals that this is the only reported case of a primary intra
      articular extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 19968227
TI  - Sudden peroneal nerve palsy in a varus arthritic knee.
AB  - Peroneal nerve palsy has been reported in association with traumatic and
      nontraumatic causes. We encountered a 75-year-old man whose peroneal nerve palsy
      developed suddenly following varus deformity of the arthritic knee. A review of
      the literature found 1 other report describing a progressive peroneal nerve palsy
      associated with a varus deformity of the knee due to arthritis. Our patient had
      progressive intractable knee pain; 3-compartment, severe degenerative changes in
      the knees; varus knee malalignment and laxity; right peroneal nerve palsy; and
      decreased sensation to light touch and pinprick on the dorsum of the right foot.
      The preoperative WOMAC score was 36. Nerve conduction studies confirmed acute
      peroneal neuropathy with conduction block at the fibular neck and secondary
      axonal degeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee showed osteophytes
      and cysts surrounding the fibular neck. Although their compression could be
      responsible for the nerve palsy, the sudden process made this less possible.
      Thus, the patient underwent total knee arthroplasty of both knees without
      exploration of the nerve. At 5-month follow-up, the WOMAC score was 78. The
      patient walked with a cane with no varus thrust, and his right knee had no varus
      laxity in full extension. The peroneal nerve did not retain its function. Sensory
      examination and postoperative nerve conduction studies showed no improvement.

PMID- 19968228
TI  - Femoroacetabular impingement due to synovial chondromatosis of the hip joint.
AB  - This article describes a rare case of primary synovial chondromatosis of the hip
      associated with classical femoroacetabular impingement. A 38-year-old man
      presented with left hip pain of 3 years' duration and range of motion (ROM)
      limitations. Flexion abduction external rotation and impingement tests were
      positive and preoperative Harris Hip Score was 68. Radiographs showed multiple
      loose bodies, a calcified labrum, and a bump at the head-neck junction. Computed
      tomography (CT) confirmed the findings. Acetabular overcoverage and the crossing
      over sign were present. The lateral center edge angle was 48 degrees, acetabular
      roof angle was +2 degrees, alpha angle was 80 degrees, triangular index was 2 mm
      more than the radius of the femoral head, and anterior offset was 4.5 mm.
      Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an acetabular labral tear, impaction on
      the femoral head-neck junction, and mild synovial hypertrophy with no acetabular
      cartilage damage. Loose body removal along with a total synovectomy, excision of
      the calcified labrum, and osteochondroplasty of the head-neck junction were
      performed after safe surgical dislocation. At 6-month follow-up, the patient was
      doing well with a Harris Hip Score of 96, improved ROM, and negative flexion
      abduction external rotation and impingement tests. Early diagnosis of synovial
      chondromatosis and impingement can be made by MRI and CT. Clinically, flexion
      abduction external rotation and impingement tests are positive in 99% and 97% of
      cases, respectively. Although arthroscopy management has been described for both
      the entities separately, it has drawbacks. With an open procedure, debridement of
      the hip joint and excision of femoral and acetabular impingement deformities are
      possible at the same time.

PMID- 19968229
TI  - Solitary pelvic osteochondroma causing L5 nerve root compression.
AB  - Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor, accounting for more than one
      third of all benign bone tumors. It usually develops at the metaphysis of the
      long bones, especially the distal femur and proximal tibia. Approximately 40% of
      osteochondromas are found around the knee. Osteochondroma commonly presents as a
      painless mass and is incidentally identified via plain radiographs. Thus,
      surgical excision is not routinely recommended unless the tumor causes clinical
      symptoms or cosmetic distress. Osteochondroma located in the pelvis is unusual.
      Spinal nerve root compressions due to pelvic osteochondroma are also rarely
      reported. We assessed the solitary pelvic osteochondroma of a 33-year-old man
      mimicking spinal disease. An exostotic bony projection composed of dense
      calcification of the cartilaginous cap arose from the iliac crest, which was
      located just lateral to the right sacroiliac joint in the paravertebral area, L5
      level. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregular, exophytic outgrowing
      calcified mass with cartilage cap and exostotic mass compressed to the proximal
      part of the right L5 nerve root lateral to the nerve root foramen. The L5 nerve
      root was focally compressed and thinned.En bloc excision, the treatment of choice
      of symptomatic osteochondroma, was performed. The patient had complete resolution
      of symptoms postoperatively, and other neurologic symptoms may be expected to
      improve over time.

PMID- 19968230
TI  - Posterior thigh compartment syndrome as a result of a basketball injury.
AB  - Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh is a serious although rare occurrence
      that was sparsely documented in the orthopedic literature until Schwartz et al
      reported on a series of 21 cases. Although classically associated with high
      energy femur fracture, thigh contusion, or the use of military anti-shock
      trousers, compartment syndrome of the thigh has recently been diagnosed in
      seemingly low-energy injuries. A complete hamstring avulsion from its ischial
      origin during routine ambulation and rupture of the quadriceps tendon after a low
      energy fall have been shown to result in compartment syndrome. In light of the
      potential medicolegal ramifications surrounding the diagnosis of compartment
      syndrome, emergency room consultations to rule out compartment syndrome are on
      the rise. Specifically, the time to fasciotomy was found to be linearly related
      to indemnity payment, and a fasciotomy performed within 8 hours was uniformly
      associated with a successful defense. This article describes a case of a 29-year
      old healthy man who developed posterior thigh compartment syndrome as a result of
      an intrasubstance tear of the biceps femoris muscle sustained while attempting a
      lay-up during a recreational basketball game. His posterior thigh compartment
      pressure measured 70 mm Hg and he required emergent posterior thigh compartment
      fasciotomy.

PMID- 19968231
TI  - Intrathoracic fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus treated with reverse
      total shoulder arthroplasty.
AB  - High-energy trauma to the shoulder can lead to complex fractures and dislocations
      that challenge even the most experienced orthopedic surgeon's reconstructive
      capabilities. One such injury is a fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus,
      in which the humeral head becomes impaled in the thoracic cavity. This article
      presents a case of a 67-year-old woman who sustained an intrathoracic fracture
      dislocation of the proximal humerus after a fall down a flight of stairs. After
      emergent extrication of the intrathoracic humeral head and proximal medial shaft,
      the patient underwent delayed shoulder reconstruction with a reverse total
      shoulder arthroplasty and allograft augmentation. The reverse shoulder was used
      due to the high-energy comminution, stripping of the remaining tuberosity
      fragments, and extensive proximal bone loss. The patient's functional ability
      would therefore depend on the biomechanical design of the prosthesis and not
      solid healing of the severely compromised tuberosity pieces. The proximal shaft
      was reconstructed using a femoral strut allograft that was cabled into place.
      This was done to restore the medial humeral calcar that was missing due to her
      injury. The shoulder was then reconstructed using the Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis
      (Encore Medical, Austin, Texas). This is the first description of the reverse
      total shoulder used for intrathoracic fracture-dislocation of the proximal
      humerus. The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a viable option to treat
      complicated proximal humerus trauma in the appropriately selected patient.

PMID- 19968232
TI  - Solitary giant hemangioma of the humerus.
AB  - Osseous hemangiomas are mainly seen in the skull or spine and rarely occur in
      other bones. They are small lesions usually localized in the metaphyseal and
      diaphyseal regions. This article describes a rare case of a giant intraosseous
      hemangioma occupying nearly the whole humerus for 28 years. Initially, the
      patient, a 36-year-old woman, had been misdiagnosed with fibrous hyperplasia of
      the left humerus. We intended to curette the lesions and transplant fibula to
      fill the bone defect, but the initial surgical attempt could not be completed due
      to massive intraoperative bleeding. In the second surgery, she was treated by
      blocking the blood flow of the subclavian artery temporarily through a balloon
      catheter, curetting lesions, and filling the defect of bone with bone cement and
      K-wires. At 12-month follow-up, there was no evidence of local recurrence of
      hemangioma or loosening of bone cement. However, longer-term follow-up is needed
      to confirm the success of the surgery. Although hemangiomas of long bone are
      rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone tumors.

PMID- 19968233
TI  - Unusual radiographic appearance of adamantinoma.
AB  - Adamantinoma is a rare tumor with an indolent course that occurs most commonly in
      the tibia. It is locally aggressive, and local recurrences are described after
      resection. Pain is the most common symptom. Since the lesion is typically slow
      growing, the pain can be present for many years before the patient seeks medical
      attention. Microscopically, adamantinoma consists of islands of epithelial cells
      in a fibrous stroma. Nuclear atypia is minimal, and mitotic figures are rare. The
      most common radiographic appearance is that of multiple sharply demarcated
      radiolucent lesions surrounded by areas of dense, sclerotic bone. This tumor most
      often affects the tibial diaphysis and produces lytic lesions that can cause
      fractures. A 31-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing lytic lesion of the
      distal tibia. On histological examination, many areas of epithelial cells in a
      fibrous stroma were identified. Diagnosis of adamantinoma was performed. The
      lesion was treated with en bloc resection and reconstruction with distal tibia
      allograft and ankle arthrodesis with retrograde nail. At 2-year follow-up, there
      were no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence of disease.

PMID- 19968235
TI  - Synergistic targeting of alphavbeta3 integrin and galectin-1 with
      heteromultivalent paramagnetic liposomes for combined MR imaging and treatment of
      angiogenesis.
AB  - Effective and specific targeting of nanoparticles is of paramount importance in
      the fields of targeted therapeutics and diagnostics. In the current study, we
      investigated the targeting efficacy of nanoparticles that were functionalized
      with two angiogenesis-specific targeting ligands, an alpha(v)beta(3) integrin
      specific and a galectin-1-specific peptide. We show in vitro, using optical
      techniques and MRI, that the dual-targeting approach produces synergistic
      targeting effects, causing a dramatically elevated uptake of nanoparticles as
      compared to single ligand targeting.

PMID- 19968236
TI  - Highly functionalized daphnane diterpenoids from Trigonostemon thyrsoideum.
AB  - Trigonothyrins A-C (1-3), which are highly functionalized daphnane diterpenoids,
      were isolated from the stems of Trigonostemon thyrsoideum. Compounds 1-3
      represent the first examples of daphnanes with an oxygen-bridged four-membered
      ring system, and a linkage mode of 12,13,14-orthoester. Compound 3 was observed
      to inhibit HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects. The EC(50) value was 2.19 microg/mL,
      and the therapeutic index (TI) was more than 90.

PMID- 19968237
TI  - Density functional theory applied to a difference in pathways taken by the
      enzymes cytochrome P450 and superoxide reductase: spin States of ferric
      hydroperoxo intermediates and hydrogen bonds from water.
AB  - Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and superoxide reductase (SOR) have the same first
      atom coordination shell at their iron active sites: an Fe[N(4)S] center in a
      square-pyramidal geometry with the sixth coordinate site open for the catalytic
      reaction. Furthermore, both pass through ferric hydroperoxo intermediates.
      Despite these similarities, the next step in their catalytic cycle is very
      different: distal oxygen protonation and O-O cleavage (P450) versus proximal
      oxygen protonation and H(2)O(2) release (SOR). One of the factors leading to this
      difference is the spin state of the intermediates. Density functional theory
      (DFT) applied to models for the ferric hydroperoxo, (SCH(3))(L)Fe(III)-OOH (L =
      porphyrin for P450 and four imidazoles for SOR), gives different ground spin
      states; the P450 model with the porphyrin, which contrains the Fe-N distances,
      prefers a low-spin ground state, whereas the SOR model with four histidines, in
      which Fe-N bonds are extendable, prefers a high-spin ground state. Their ground
      spin states lead to geometric and electronic structures that assist in (1) the
      protonation on distal oxygen for P450, which leads to O-O bond cleavage and
      formation of the oxo-ferryl, (SCH(3))(L)Fe(IV) horizontal lineO (Cpd I), and
      H(2)O, and (2) the protonation on proximal oxygen for SOR, which leads to the
      formation of the ferric hydrogen peroxide, (SCH(3))(L)Fe(III)-HOOH, intermediate
      before the Fe-O bond cleavage and H(2)O(2) production. Specifically, the quartet
      ground state of the water-bound oxo-ferryl, (SCH(3))(L)Fe(IV) horizontal
      lineO...H(2)O, is more stable than the sextet ground state of (SCH(3))(L)Fe(III)
      HOOH by -14.29 kcal/mol for the P450 model. Another important factor is the
      differences in the location of the active site: P450's active site is embedded
      within the enzyme, whereas SOR's active site is exposed to the aqueous
      environment. In the latter location, water molecules can freely form hydrogen
      bonds with both proximal and distal oxygen to stabilize the (SCH(3))(L)Fe(III)
      HOOH intermediate. When two explicit water molecules are included in the model,
      the sextet ground state of (SCH(3))(L)Fe(III)-HOOH...2H(2)O is more stable than
      the quartet ground state of (SCH(3))(L)Fe(IV) horizontal lineO...3H(2)O by -2.14
      kcal/mol for the SOR model. Our calculations show that both the spin state, which
      is controlled by the differences between four N donors in porphyrin versus those
      in imidazoles, and the degree of solvent exposure of the active sites play
      important roles in the fate of the (SCH(3))(L)Fe(III)-OOH intermediate, leading
      to O-O cleavage in one situation (P450) and hydrogen peroxide production in the
      other (SOR).

PMID- 19968238
TI  - Titanocene-catalyzed conjugate reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl
      derivatives.
AB  - A titanocene-catalyzed conjugate reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl
      derivatives has been developed. A series of carbonyl compounds including
      aldehydes, ketones, esters, and amides proved viable in the reduction process
      providing an efficient, chemoselective method for the catalytic reduction of
      unsaturated carbonyl derivatives.

PMID- 19968239
TI  - Unexpected synthesis of an unsymmetrical mu-oxido divanadium(V) compound through
      a reductive cleavage of a N-O bond and cleavage-hydrolysis of a C-N bond of an
      N,N-disubstituted bis-(hydroxylamino) ligand.
AB  - Reaction of the N,N-disubstituted bis-(hydroxylamino) ligand 2,6
      bis[hydroxy(methyl)amino]-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine, H(2)bihyat, with
      V(IV)OSO(4).5H(2)O in water for 6 h followed by the addition of methyl alcohol
      resulted in the isolation of the unsymmetrical mu-oxido divanadium(V) compound
      [V(V)(2)O(2)(mu(2)-O)(bihyat)(hyta)(hyto)].3H(2)O (1.3H(2)O) and of the
      methylhydroxylamido derivative [V(V)O(bihyat)(CH(3)NHO)].H(2)O (2.H(2)O). The N,N
      disubstituted mono(hydroxylamino) ligands Hhyta, Hhyto, and CH(3)NHOH were formed
      by the decomposition of the ligand H(2)bihyat in the presence of vanadium. The
      structures of compounds 1.3H(2)O and 2.H(2)O were determined by X-ray
      crystallography. The structure of 1.3H(2)O consists of one five-coordinate
      vanadium(V) atom and one six-coordinate vanadium(V) atom bridged by an oxido
      group and ligated to a tridentate bihyat(2-) and two bidentate hyta(-) and hyto(
      ) ligands, respectively. The two terminal oxido groups in 1.3H(2)O are syn
      directed, lying on the same side of the V-O-V plane. The coordination environment
      of the vanadium atom in 2.H(2)O approximates to a highly distorted pentagonal
      pyramid with the oxido ligand occupying the apical position. Compounds 1.3H(2)O
      and 2.H(2)O were studied by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (13)C, and (51)V) to
      elucidate their solution structures. The (51)V NMR of 1.3H(2)O in anhydrous
      CD(2)Cl(2) gave two signals at -199 and -508 ppm, which were assigned to the five
      and six-coordinate vanadium(V) atoms, respectively. The resonance of the five
      coordinate vanadium nucleus, in a field much lower than that expected from
      Rehder's [Inorg. Chem., 1988, 27, 584-587] referencing scale, was attributed to
      the low-energy ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition at 605 nm [epsilon(M) =
      5050 M(-1) cm(-1)] of 1.3H(2)O according to Pecoraro et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
      1992, 114, 9925-9933]. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry studies were
      used to follow the decomposition products of H(2)bihyat in the presence of
      vanadium.

PMID- 19968240
TI  - Transport effects in the electrooxidation of methanol studied on nanostructured
      Pt/glassy carbon electrodes.
AB  - Transport effects in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) were investigated
      using nanostructured Pt/glassy carbon (GC) electrodes and, for comparison, a
      polycrystalline Pt electrode. The nanostructured Pt/GC electrodes, consisting of
      a regular array of catalytically active cylindrical Pt nanostructures with 55 +/-
      10 nm in diameter and different densities supported on a planar GC substrate,
      were fabricated employing hole-mask colloidal lithography (HCL). The MOR
      measurements were performed under controlled transport conditions in a thin-layer
      flow cell interfaced to a differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)
      setup. The measurements reveal a distinct variation in the MOR activity and
      selectivity (product distribution) with Pt nanostructure density and with
      electrolyte flow rate, showing an increasing overall activity, reflected by a
      higher Faradaic reaction current, as well as a pronounced increase of the
      turnover frequency for CO(2) formation and of the CO(2) current efficiency with
      decreasing flow rate and increasing Pt coverage. These findings are discussed in
      terms of the "desorption-readsorption-reaction" model introduced recently (Seidel
      et al. Faraday Discuss. 2008, 140, 67). Finally, consequences for applications in
      direct methanol fuel cells are outlined.

PMID- 19968241
TI  - Lipoic acid glyco-conjugates, a new class of agents for controlling nonspecific
      adsorption of blood serum at biointerfaces for biosensor and biomedical
      applications.
AB  - The carbohydrate-derived lipoic acid derivatives were studied as protein and cell
      resistant biomaterials. Six types of carbohydrates were examined for their
      abilities to reduce nonspecific adsorption of human serum and Hela cell using
      quartz crystal microbalance. Our data suggested that the structures of
      carbohydrates play an important role in resisting nonspecific binding.
      Specifically, the resistance was found to increase in the order lipoic fucose <
      lipoic mannose < lipoic N-acetyl glucosamine < lipoic glucose < lipoic sialic
      acid < lipoic galactose, where lipoic galactose derivative resisted most
      nonspecific adsorption. Furthermore, the combination of lipoic galactose and BSA
      was the most effective in reducing the adsorption of even undiluted human serum
      and the attachment of Hela cells while allowing specific binding. Several control
      experiments have demonstrated that the resistant-ability of mixed lipoic
      galactose and BSA was comparable to the best known system for decreasing
      nonspecific adsorption.

PMID- 19968242
TI  - Drop impact on soft surfaces: beyond the static contact angles.
AB  - The wettability of cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer films and of
      octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayers with water has been measured
      and compared using various methods. Contact angle hysteresis values were compared
      with values reported in the literature. A new method to characterize advancing,
      receding contact angles, and hysteresis using drop impact have been tested and
      compared with usual methods. It has been found that for the rigid surfaces the
      drop impact method is comparable with other methods but that for elastomer
      surfaces the hysteresis is function of the drop impact velocity which influences
      the extent of the deformation of the soft surface at the triple line.

PMID- 19968243
TI  - BF3 x OEt2-mediated highly regioselective S(N)2-type ring-opening of N-activated
      aziridines and N-activated azetidines by tetraalkylammonium halides.
AB  - A highly regioselective Lewis acid-mediated S(N)2-type ring-opening of N
      sulfonylaziridines and azetidines with tetraalkylammonium halides in CH(2)Cl(2)
      solution to afford 1,2- and 1,3-haloamines in excellent yields is described. An
      easy diastereoselective route toward substituted chiral N-tosylaziridines has
      been developed. The mechanism of ring-opening via S(N)2 pathway has been
      confirmed by the formation of chiral haloamines with excellent er and dr.
      Chloroamines obtained from 2,3-disubstituted aziridines were converted to the
      chiral N-tosylamines via radical dehalogenation.

PMID- 19968244
TI  - Efficient asymmetric synthesis of abeo-abietane-type diterpenoids by using the
      intramolecular Heck reaction.
AB  - The synthesis of the abeo-abietane-type diterpenoids, i.e., (-)-dichroanal B, (-)
      dichroanone, and taiwaniaquinone H, was achieved by using the intramolecular
      asymmetric Heck reaction. Our synthetic routes required fewer steps and gave a
      much higher overall yield and ee within shorter steps than those for racemic and
      antipodal forms reported to date (10, 12, and 13 steps with an overall yield of
      50%, 40%, and 39%, and 94%, 98%, and 98% ee, respectively).

PMID- 19968245
TI  - Conversion of oximes to carbonyl compounds with 2-nitro-4,5-dichloropyridazin
      3(2H)-one.
AB  - Conversion of oximes to the carbonyl compounds has been demonstrated with use of
      2-nitro-4,5-dichloropyridazin-3(2H)-one (2) under microwave irradiated
      conditions. Fourteen aliphatic and aromatic oximes converted to their
      corresponding aldehydes and ketones in good to excellent yields. It is noteworthy
      that the reaction is conducted under neutral, mild, and eco-friendly condition.

PMID- 19968246
TI  - Highly specific capture and direct MALDI MS analysis of phosphopeptides by
      zirconium phosphonate on self-assembled monolayers.
AB  - The dynamic range and low stoichiometry of protein phosphorylation frequently
      demands the enrichment of phosphorylated peptides from protein digests prior to
      mass spectrometry. Several techniques have been reported in literature for
      phosphopeptide enrichment, including metal oxides such as TiO(2) and ion metal
      affinity chromatography (IMAC). While the metal oxides have been used with
      reasonable success, IMAC has suffered from reduced selectivity and poor
      reproducibility. In this report, we present the first demonstration of the use of
      immobilized zirconium on a phosphonate-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM)
      for specific phosphopeptide capture and direct analysis by MALDI MS. By using the
      herein described functionalized-surface-based technology, efficient enrichment of
      phosphopeptides in different standard test systems such as alpha- or beta-casein
      digests or synthetic phosphopeptides spiked in nonphosphorylated protein digest
      has been demonstrated. The limit of detection for a beta-casein phosphopeptide
      was assessed to be at the low femtomole level. Compared to other state-of the-art
      technologies, like use of TiO(2) and Fe-IMAC, the presented technique
      demonstrated a superior performance with respect to specificity and bias with
      respect to singly or multiply phosphorylated peptides. Additionally, this
      platform was also successfully applied for ESI sample preparation, providing
      detailed sequence information of the investigated phosphopeptide. This technology
      was also proven to be applicable for real life samples such as phosphorylation
      site analysis of recombinant human MAPK1 and HSP B1 isolated from a 2D-gel spot
      by phosphopeptide enrichment and direct MALDI MS/MS.

PMID- 19968247
TI  - Molecular depth profiling with cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry and
      wedges.
AB  - Secondary ion mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy are employed to
      characterize a wedge-shaped crater eroded by 40 keV C(60)(+) bombardment of a 395
      nm thin film of Irganox 1010 doped with four delta layers of Irganox 3114. The
      wedge structure creates a laterally magnified cross section of the film. From an
      examination of the resulting surface, information about depth resolution,
      topography, and erosion rate can be obtained as a function of crater depth in a
      single experiment. This protocol provides a straightforward way to determine the
      parameters necessary to characterize molecular depth profiles and to obtain an
      accurate depth scale for erosion experiments.

PMID- 19968248
TI  - Microfluidic devices integrating microcavity surface-plasmon-resonance sensors:
      glucose oxidase binding-activity detection.
AB  - We have developed miniature (approximately 1 microm diameter) microcavity surface
      plasmon-resonance sensors (MSPRS), integrated them with microfluidics, and tested
      their sensitivity to refractive-index changes. We tested their biosensing
      capability by distinguishing the interaction of glucose oxidase (M(r) 160 kDa)
      with its natural substrate (beta-D-glucose, M(r) 180 Da) from its interactions
      with nonspecific substrates (L-glucose, D-mannose, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose). We ran
      the identical protocol we had used with the MSPRS on a Biacore 3000 instrument
      using their bare gold chip. Only the MSPRS was able to detect beta-D-glucose
      binding to glucose oxidase. Each MSPRS can detect the binding to its surface of
      fewer than 35,000 glucose oxidase molecules (representing 9.6 fg or 60 zmol of
      protein), about 10(6) times fewer than classical surface-plasmon-resonance
      biosensors.

PMID- 19968249
TI  - Automated solvent-free matrix deposition for tissue imaging by mass spectrometry.
AB  - The ability to analyze complex (macro) molecules is of fundamental importance for
      understanding chemical, physical, and biological processes. Complexity may arise
      from small differences in structure, large dynamic range, as well as a vast range
      in solubility or ionization, imposing daunting tasks in areas as different as
      lipidomics and proteomics. Here, we describe a rapid matrix application that
      permits the deposition of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)
      matrix solvent-free. This solvent-free one-step automatic matrix deposition is
      achieved through vigorous movements of beads pressing the matrix material through
      a metal mesh. The mesh (20 mum) produces homogeneous coverage of <12 microm
      crystals (DHB, CHCA matrixes) in 1 min, as determined by optical microscopy,
      permitting fast uniform coverage of analyte and possible high-spatial resolution
      surface analysis. Homogenous tissue coverage of <5 microm sized crystals is
      achieved using a 3 microm mesh. Solvent-free MALDI analysis on a time-of-flight
      (TOF) mass analyzer of mouse brain tissue homogenously covered with CHCA matrix
      subsequently provides a homogeneous response in ion signal intensity. Total
      solvent-free analysis (TSA) by mass spectrometry (MS) of tissue sections is
      carried out by applying the MALDI matrix solvent-free for subsequent ionization
      and gas phase separation for decongestion of complexity in the absence of any
      solvent using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) followed by MS detection. Isobaric
      compositions were well-delineated using TSA by MS.

PMID- 19968250
TI  - Sensitive detection of H2S using gold nanoparticle decorated single-walled carbon
      nanotubes.
AB  - Herein, we demonstrate that highly sensitive conductometric gas nanosensors for
      H(2)S can be synthesized by electrodepositing gold nanoparticles on single-walled
      carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks. Adjusting the electrodeposition conditions
      allowed for tuning of the size and number of gold nanoparticles deposited. The
      best H(2)S sensing performance was obtained with discrete gold nanodeposits
      rather than continuous nanowires. The gas nanosensors could sense H(2)S in air at
      room temperature with a 3 ppb limit of detection. The sensors were reversible,
      and increasing the bias voltage reduced the sensor recovery time, probably by
      local Joule heating. The sensing mechanism is believed to be based on the
      modulation of the conduction path across the nanotubes emanating from the
      modulation of electron exchange between the gold and carbon nanotube defect sites
      when exposed to H(2)S.

PMID- 19968251
TI  - Highly cytotoxic copper(II) complexes with modified paullone ligands.
AB  - The reaction of copper(II) chloride or copper(II) acetate with 6-N-(2-N',N'
      dimethylaminoethylamino)-7,12-dihydroindolo-[3,2-d][1]benzazepine (HL(1)), 9
      bromo-6-N-(2-N',N'-dimethylaminoethylamino)-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2
      d][1]benzazepine (HL(2)), N-(9-bromo-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6(5H)
      yliden-N'-(1-pyridin-2-yl-methylidene)azine (HL(3)), or N-(9-bromo-7,12
      dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6(5H)-yliden-N'-(1-pyridin-2-yl
      ethylidene)azine (HL(4)) in methanol affords the novel copper(II) complexes
      [Cu(HL(1))Cl(2)] (1), [Cu(HL(2))Cl(2)] (2), [Cu(HL(3))Cl(2)] (3),
      [Cu(HL(4))Cl(2)] (4), and [Cu(L(4))(CH(3)COO)(CH(3)OH)] (5). The new ligands
      (HL(2) and HL(3)) and the complexes 1-5 were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR,
      IR and electronic absorption spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, and X-ray
      crystallography. Two ligands, HL(1) and HL(2), and complexes 1-4 were tested for
      cytotoxicity in three human cancer cell lines, namely, CH1 (ovarian carcinoma),
      A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), and SW480 (colon carcinoma). Additionally,
      complexes 1, 2, and 4 were assayed in an isogenic pair of ovarian cancer cell
      lines, one being sensitive to cisplatin (A2780) and the other having acquired
      cisplatin resistance (A2780cisR). All of the compounds evaluated are cytotoxic,
      with complexes 3 and 4 exhibiting IC(50) values in the nanomolar range.

PMID- 19968252
TI  - Investigation of surface structures by powder diffraction: a differential pair
      distribution function study on arsenate sorption on ferrihydrite.
AB  - Differential pair distribution function (d-PDF) analysis of high energy powder X
      ray diffraction data was carried out on 2-line ferrihydrite nanoparticles with
      arsenate oxyanions adsorbed on the surface to investigate the binding mechanism.
      In this analysis, a PDF of ferrihydrite is subtracted from a PDF of ferrihydrite
      with arsenate sorbed on the surface, leaving only correlations from within the
      surface layer and between the surface and the particle. As-O and As-Fe
      correlations were observed at 1.68 and 3.29 A, respectively, in good agreement
      with previously published EXAFS data, confirming a bidentate binuclear binding
      mechanism. Further peaks are observed in the d-PDF which are not present in
      EXAFS, corresponding to correlations between As and O in the particle and As-2nd
      Fe.

PMID- 19968253
TI  - Influence of lipid-bilayer-associated molecules on lipid-vesicle adsorption.
AB  - Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) containing different types of bilayer-associated
      molecules (membrane-bound molecules) where one part of the molecule resides
      inside the lipid bilayer and another part of the molecule sticks out of the
      bilayer (e.g., membrane proteins) are important biophysical model systems. SLBs
      are commonly formed via lipid vesicle adsorption on certain surfaces (e.g.,
      SiO(2)). However, vesicles doped with different types of (bio)molecules often do
      not form an SLB on the surface, and the reasons for this are not clear. Using a
      newly developed model of a lipid bilayer, simulations were performed to clarify
      the influence of the bilayer-associated molecules on vesicle adsorption and
      rupture. It is shown that by increasing the concentration of membrane-bound
      molecules in the vesicles the tendency for vesicle rupture decreases markedly and
      for a certain concentration rupture does not happen. The reason for this is that
      vesicles containing significant concentrations of such molecules tend to deform
      less on the surface (lower vesicle strain), especially for a significantly
      corrugated bilayer-surface potential. After vesicle rupture, membrane-bound
      molecules face either the surface or the solution in the resulting bilayer patch
      on the surface, depending on whether the molecules point outward or inward in the
      original vesicle, respectively. Vesicle surface diffusion is also studied for
      weak and strong surface corrugation, where vesicles are found to be almost
      immobile in the latter case.

PMID- 19968254
TI  - Risks of copper and iron toxicity during aging in humans.
AB  - Copper and iron are essential but also toxic metals. Their essentiality is known,
      but their toxicity, except for the genetic overload diseases, Wilson's disease
      and hemochromatosis, is not so well known. Yet, their toxicities are so general
      in the population that they are a looming public health problem in diseases of
      aging and in the aging process itself. Both metals are transition elements, and
      their resulting redox properties have been used during evolution in the
      development of oxidative energy generation. But both contribute to the production
      of excess damaging oxidant radicals. Evolution has kept stores of copper and iron
      in excess during the reproductive years because they are so vital to life. But
      the oxidant damage from these excess stores of metals builds up as we age, and
      natural selection ceases to act after about age 50 since diseases after that do
      not contribute to reproductive fitness. Diseases of aging such as Alzheimer's
      disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus,
      and others may all be contributed to by excess copper and iron. A very disturbing
      study has found that in the general population those in the highest fifth of
      copper intake, if they are also eating a relatively high fat diet, lose cognition
      at over three times the normal rate. Inorganic copper in drinking water and in
      supplements is handled differently than food copper and is therefore more toxic.
      Trace amounts of copper in drinking water, less than one-tenth of that allowed in
      human drinking water by the Environmental Protection Agency, greatly enhanced an
      Alzheimer's-like disease in an animal model. In the last part of this review, I
      will provide advice on how to lower risks from copper and iron toxicity.

PMID- 19968255
TI  - Ferrocene functional polymer brushes on indium tin oxide via surface-initiated
      atom transfer radical polymerization.
AB  - The synthesis and electrochemical characterization of ferrocene functional
      polymethacrylate brushes on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes using surface
      initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is reported. SI-ATRP of
      ferrocene-containing methacrylate (FcMA) monomers from a phosphonic acid
      initiator-modified ITO substrate yielded well-defined homo- and block (co)polymer
      brushes of varying molar mass (4,000 to 37,000 g/mol). Correlation of both
      electrochemical properties and brush thicknesses confirmed controlled SI-ATRP
      from modified ITO surfaces. The preparation of block copolymer brushes with
      varying sequences of FcMA segments was conducted to interrogate the effects of
      spacing from the ITO electrode surface on the electrochemical properties of a
      tethered electroactive film.

PMID- 19968256
TI  - Dynamics and equilibrium of heme axial ligation in mesoporous nanocrystalline
      TiO(2) thin films.
AB  - Comparative studies of axial CO and solvent coordination to iron(II)
      protoporphyrin IX (FeIIPPIX) anchored to the surface of mesoporous
      nanocrystalline (anatase) TiO2 thin films (FeIIPPIX/TiO2) immersed in dimethyl
      sulfoxide (DMSO), pyridine (py), and methanol (MeOH) and to FeIIPPIX in fluid
      DMSO and py solution are reported. The equilibrium constants, KeqCOS, for CO
      coordination to FeIIPPIX/TiO2 immersed in py (2.4 x 10(3) M-1) < DMSO (6 x 10(4)
      M-1) < MeOH (2.3 x 10(5) M-1) were quantified. The corresponding values in fluid
      py or DMSO solution were 2 times larger (4.5 x 10(3) and 1 x 10(5) M-1,
      respectively). The observed ligand exchange rates (kobs) measured after pulsed
      532 nm laser excitation (5-6 ns fwhm, 1-3 mJ/pulse) of (S)(CO)FeIIPPIX/TiO2,
      where S is solvent, in saturated CO solutions were measured: py (2.2 s-1), DMSO
      (460 s-1), MeOH (2.09 x 10(5) s-1). The corresponding values in fluid solution
      were 2.0 s-1 (py) and 230 s-1 (DMSO). The observed ligand exchange rate varied
      linearly with [CO], and second-order rate constants were determined for
      FeIIPPIX/TiO2 immersed in DMSO (3.1 x 10(5) M-1 s-1) and MeOH (1.5 x 10(7) M-1 s
      1). The observed rate for CO addition to (py)2FeIIPPIX/TiO2 immersed in py did
      not vary linearly with [CO]. The relevance of the measured kinetics and
      thermodynamics to a dissociative mechanism for ligand exchange is discussed.

PMID- 19968257
TI  - Tunable antibacterial coatings that support mammalian cell growth.
AB  - Bacterial infections present an enormous problem causing human suffering and cost
      burdens to healthcare systems worldwide. Here we present novel tunable
      antibacterial coatings which completely inhibit bacterial colonization by
      Staphylococcus epidermidis but allow normal adhesion and spreading of
      osteoblastic cells. The coatings are based on amine plasma polymer films loaded
      with silver nanoparticles. The method of preparation allows flexible control over
      the amount of loaded silver nanoparticles and the rate of release of silver ions.

PMID- 19968258
TI  - Tartrolon D, a cytotoxic macrodiolide from the marine-derived actinomycete
      Streptomyces sp. MDG-04-17-069.
AB  - Exploration of marine-derived actinomycetes as a source of antitumor compounds
      has led to the isolation of a new member of the tartrolon series, tartrolon D
      (4). This new compound was obtained from Streptomyces sp. MDG-04-17-069
      fermentation broths and displayed strong cytotoxic activity against three human
      tumor cell lines. Additionally, the known compound ikarugamycin (5) was also
      found in the culture broths of the same microorganism. The structure of this new
      tartrolon was established by a combination of spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D
      NMR, HRMS, and UV) as well as by comparison with published data for similar
      compounds.

PMID- 19968259
TI  - Behavior of gradient copolymers at liquid/liquid interfaces.
AB  - The behavior of styrene/acrylic acid gradient and diblock copolymers at
      liquid/liquid interfaces was investigated by using drop shape analysis to measure
      the interfacial tension. Copolymers were dissolved in chloroform, and pendant
      drops of these solutions were created in water. Molecular conformations at the
      interface were inferred by measuring changes in the interfacial tension as the
      interface was contracted and expanded through control of the drop volume. In this
      way, we were able to independently determine the interfacial pressure and area
      modulus of the adsorbed layer. Gradient copolymers showed the largest interfacial
      pressure, a result that is attributed to kinetic factors associated with the
      nature of the micellar aggregates that form in the chloroform phase. The area
      modulus of the adsorbed layer depended on the processing history and was not
      directly related to the interfacial pressure. This result is attributed to a
      local segmental desorption process where portions of the molecules reversibly
      desorb while the number of copolymer molecules at the interface remains fixed.

PMID- 19968261
TI  - A synthetic approach to ervatamine-silicine alkaloids. Enantioselective total
      synthesis of (-)-16-episilicine.
AB  - Starting from an appropriate unsaturated phenylglycinol-derived oxazolopiperidone
      lactam, the synthesis of (-)-16-episilicine is reported, the key steps being a
      stereoselective conjugate addition, a stereoselective alkylation, and a ring
      closing metathesis reaction. This represents the first enantioselective total
      synthesis of an alkaloid of the silicine group.

PMID- 19968260
TI  - Quantification of N2-carboxymethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine in calf thymus DNA and
      cultured human kidney epithelial cells by capillary high-performance liquid
      chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with stable isotope dilution
      method.
AB  - Glyoxal is generated endogenously from the degradation of glucose and the
      oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and the 2-deoxyribose moieties of DNA.
      Glyoxal is also widely used in industry and is present in cigarette smoke and
      food. Glyoxal can conjugate with nucleobases and proteins to give advanced
      glycation end products. N(2)-Carboxymethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (N(2)-CMdG) and the
      cyclic 1,N(2)-glyoxal-dG are the major glyoxal adducts formed in DNA. In this
      study, we first assessed the stabilities of these two adducts. It turned out that
      1,N(2)-glyoxal-dG was very unstable, with more than 70% of the adduct being
      decomposed to dG upon a 24 h incubation at 37 degrees C in phosphate-buffered
      saline. However, N(2)-CMdG was very stable; less than 0.5% of the lesion was
      degraded to dG after a 7 day incubation under the same conditions. We further
      developed a sensitive capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization
      tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a stable isotope dilution method and
      quantified the formation of N(2)-CMdG in calf thymus DNA and 293T human kidney
      epithelial cells that were exposed to glyoxal and in calf thymus DNA treated with
      d-glucose. Our results showed that N(2)-CMdG was produced at 2-134 lesions per
      10(6) nucleosides in calf thymus DNA when the surrounding glyoxal concentration
      was increased from 10 to 500 microM and approximately 3-27 lesions per 10(7)
      nucleosides, while the D-glucose concentration changed from 2 to 50 mM.
      Furthermore, N(2)-CMdG was induced endogenously in 293T human kidney epithelial
      cells and exposure to glyoxal further stimulated the formation of this lesion;
      the level of this adduct ranged from 7 to 15 lesions per 10(8) nucleosides, while
      the glyoxal concentration increased from 10 microM to 1.25 mM. Collectively, our
      results suggested that N(2)-CMdG might serve as a biomarker for glyoxal exposure.

PMID- 19968264
TI  - Self-neutralizing in situ acidic CO2/H2O system for aerobic oxidation of alcohols
      catalyzed by TEMPO functionalized imidazolium salt/NaNO2.
AB  - A reversible in situ acidic catalytic system comprising recyclable TEMPO
      functionalized imidazolium salt ([Imim-TEMPO][Cl])/NaNO(2)/CO(2)/H(2)O was
      developed for selective transformation of a series of aliphatic, allylic,
      heterocyclic, and benzylic alcohols to the respective carbonyl compounds.
      Notably, the system avoids any conventional acid and can eliminate unwanted
      byproducts, facilitate reaction, ease separation of the catalyst and product, and
      also provide a safe environment for oxidation involving oxygen gas.

PMID- 19968262
TI  - The vinylfluoro group as an acetonyl cation equivalent: stereoselective synthesis
      of 6-substituted 4-hydroxy pipecolic acid derivatives.
AB  - An unprecedented cascade of reactions after acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tert
      butyl (2S,5S)-2-tert-butyl-5-(2-fluoroallyl)-3-methyl-4-oxoimidazolidine-1
      carboxylate 3a leading to pipecolic acid derivative 5 is presented. The
      vinylfluoro group is shown to be an acetonyl cation equivalent under acidic
      conditions. Interestingly, vinylchloro and vinylbromo groups do not show such
      transformation under the same conditions. The pipecolic acid derivative 5
      produced in this way is further used to synthesize (2R,4R,6S)-6-tert-butyl-4
      hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid 9.

PMID- 19968266
TI  - Internal twisting dynamics of dicyanovinyljulolidine in polymers.
AB  - The fluorescence quantum yield of 9-dicyanovinyljulolidine (DCVJ) is very low in
      fluid solutions but increases markedly in solids because the medium rigidity
      slows down the internal motion, which acts as a major nonradiative decay channel.
      In this work, the excited-state twisting motion of DCVJ in polymers was
      investigated by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and it was observed that
      the fluorescence lifetime of DCVJ in polymers depends on the mechanical
      properties of the medium. Therefore, our results indicate that the elastic
      modulus is a determining factor for molecular rotor dynamics in soft matter, and
      its description requires a comprehensive visco-elasto-plastic theory.

PMID- 19968265
TI  - Role of solvent dielectric properties on charge transfer from PbS nanocrystals to
      molecules.
AB  - Transfer of photoexcited charge from PbS nanocrystals to ligand molecules is
      investigated in different solvents. We find that the charge transfer rate
      increases dramatically with solvent dielectric constant. This trend is accounted
      for by a modified Marcus theory that incorporates only static dielectric effects.
      The choice of solvent allows significant control of the charge transfer process.
      As an important example, we find that PbS nanocrystals dispersed in water exhibit
      charge transfer rates 1000 times higher than the same nanocrystals in organic
      solvent. Rapid charge extraction will be important to efficient nanocrystal-based
      photovoltaic and photodetector devices.

PMID- 19968267
TI  - Proton transport in triflic acid hydrates studied via path integral car
      parrinello molecular dynamics.
AB  - The mono-, di-, and tetrahydrates of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, which contain
      characteristic H(3)O(+), H(5)O(2)(+), and H(9)O(4)(+) structures, provide model
      systems for understanding proton transport in materials with high
      perfluorosulfonic acid density such as perfluorosulfonic acid membranes commonly
      employed in hydrogen fuel cells. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
      indicate that protons in these solids are predisposed to transfer to the water
      most strongly bound to sulfonate groups via a Grotthuss-type mechanism, but
      quickly return to the most solvated defect structure either due to the lack of a
      nearby species to stabilize the new defect or a preference for the proton to be
      maximally hydrated. Path integral molecular dynamics of the mono- and dihydrate
      reveal significant quantum effects that facilitate proton transfer to the
      "presolvated" water or SO(3)(-) in the first solvation shell and increase the
      Zundel character of all the defects. These trends are quantified in free energy
      profiles for each bonding environment. Hydrogen bonding criteria for HOH-OH(2)
      and HOH-O(3)S are extracted from the two-dimensional potential of mean force. The
      quantum radial distribution function, radius of gyration, and root-mean-square
      displacement position correlation function show that the protonic charge is
      distributed over two or more water molecules. Metastable structural defects with
      one excess proton shared between two sulfonate groups and another Zundel or Eigen
      type cation defect are found for the mono- and dihydrate but not for the
      tetrahydrate crystal. Results for the tetrahydrate native crystal exhibit minor
      differences at 210 and 250 K. IR spectra are calculated for all native and stable
      defect structures. Graph theory techniques are used to characterize the chain
      lengths and ring sizes in the hydrogen bond network. Low conductivities when
      limited water is present may be attributable to trapping of protons between
      SO(3)(-) groups and the increased probability that protons transfer to waters
      bridging two different sulfonate groups.

PMID- 19968268
TI  - pH induced structural modulation and interfacial activity of hemoglobin at the
      air/water interface.
AB  - In this Article, we report the surface activity of the human globular blood
      protein, hemoglobin (Hb), at the air/water interface. The Langmuir-Blodgett
      technique is used for monolayer characterization. The adsorption growth-kinetics
      study shows that the adsorption process at the air/water interface is involved
      with two mechanisms: one diffusion with adsorption and the other rearrangement
      with unfolding. The kinetics is found to be dependent on pH and protein
      concentration in the subphase. The CD and FTIR studies suggest larger
      intermolecular aggregate and beta-sheet formation in the film lifted from the
      air/acidic water subphase. In alkaline pH and in isoelectric pH (6.8), not much
      variation is observed. The FE-SEM images support this observation. The acidic pH
      induced such conformational changes, and aggregation is explained with the
      argument of alpha-helix to beta-sheet conversion as well as the competition
      between protonation and deprotonation of the aromatic-amino acid residues at the
      air/water interface.

PMID- 19968269
TI  - Synthesis and in vitro testing of new potent polyacridine-melittin gene delivery
      peptides.
AB  - The combination of a polyacridine peptide modified with a melittin fusogenic
      peptide results in a potent gene transfer agent. Polyacridine peptides of the
      general formula (Acr-X)(n)-Cys were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis,
      where Acr is Lys modified on its epsilon-amine with acridine, X is Arg, Leu, or
      Lys and n is 2, 3, or 4 repeats. The Cys residue was modified by either a
      maleimide-melittin or a thiolpyridine-Cys-melittin fusogenic peptide resulting in
      reducible or non-reducible polyacridine-melittin peptides. Hemolysis assays
      established that polyacridine-melittin peptides retained their membrane lytic
      potency relative to melittin at pH 7.4 and 5. When combined with plasmid DNA, the
      membrane lytic potency of polyacridine-melittin peptides was neutralized. Gene
      transfer experiments in multiple cell lines established that polyacridine
      melittin peptides mediate expression as efficiently as PEI. The expression was
      very dependent upon a disulfide bond linking polyacridine to melittin. The gene
      transfer was most efficient when X is Arg and n is 3 or 4 repeats. These studies
      establish polyacridine peptides as a novel DNA binding anchor peptide.

PMID- 19968271
TI  - Trends and sources of perchlorate in Arctic snow.
AB  - Samples from the Devon Island ice cap (Nunavut, Canada) were used to calculate
      the annual input of atmospheric formed perchlorate. Depth samples collected in
      the spring of 2006 were dated between 1996 and 2005. An optimized ion
      chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) method with direct injection
      allowed detection of perchlorate in all analyzed samples. Concentrations varied
      between 1 and 18 ng L(-1), showed seasonality, and were correlated with the total
      ozone levels from the area. A significant correlation was observed between
      chloride and perchlorate only for data sets corresponding to peak perchlorate
      concentrations. Data available suggests that perchlorate from the Arctic snow was
      formed in the atmosphere following two different mechanisms. Stratospheric
      chlorine radicals reacted with ozone year around, producing concentrations of
      perchlorate correlated with the total ozone level. The second pathway was
      specific to the summer months, when the amounts of perchlorate were correlated
      with the chloride concentrations, suggesting a possible tropospheric formation.
      Analysis of a deep ice core sample confirmed that perchlorate was present in
      precipitation at similar concentration more than 2000 years ago. Perchlorate ion
      represents a sink for the stratospheric chlorine, being removed via
      precipitation. The estimated amount of perchlorate that reached the Arctic in
      2005 was 41-86 t.

PMID- 19968270
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable HPMA-oligolysine copolymers for
      improved gene delivery.
AB  - Bioactive peptides, including DNA-binding, endosomal release, and cell targeting
      peptides, have been integrated into synthetic gene carriers to improve delivery
      efficiency by enabling the vectors to overcome barriers to gene delivery. Our
      overall goal is to develop multifunctional, peptide-based polymers that
      incorporate motifs to condense DNA and facilitate sequential trafficking steps.
      One approach is to polymerize vinyl-terminated peptides by radical
      polymerization. In this work, cationic oligolysine peptides were designed to
      contain vinyl termini with internal reducible linkers. These peptides were
      copolymerized with HPMA to form biodegradable, DNA-condensing copolymers for gene
      delivery. The polymerization conditions were optimized by varying the initiator
      to monomer ratios, macromonomer to comonomer ratios, and reactant concentrations.
      The synthesized copolymers were shown to possess several important properties
      required for in vivo gene delivery applications, including (i) efficient DNA
      binding and condensation, (ii) the ability to stabilize particles against salt
      induced aggregation, (iii) the ability to resist extracellular polyplex
      unpackaging, (iv) biocompatibility and the potential to be degraded into nontoxic
      components after cellular uptake, and (v) efficient delivery of plasmid to
      cultured cells.

PMID- 19968272
TI  - A pH activated configurational rotary switch: controlling the E/Z isomerization
      in hydrazones.
AB  - The replacement of one of the carbonyl groups in a 1,2,3-triketone-2
      naphthylhydrazone with a pyridine ring yields an original molecular switch that
      can be switched fully, effectively, and reversibly between the E and Z
      configurations. This hydrazone-based, pH-controlled, molecular switch is the
      first example of a chemically controlled configurational rotary switch. The
      bistable switch exists primarily (97%) as the E configuration in solution and can
      be converted quantitatively to the Z-H(+) configuration upon treatment with
      trifluoroacetic acid. When Z-H(+) is passed over a plug of K(2)CO(3), the
      "metastable" Z configuration is observed using (1)H NMR spectroscopy, which
      thermally equilibrates to give back the E configuration. The rate of this process
      is dependent on the polarity of the solvent, indicating that the E/Z
      isomerization takes place via a rotation around the hydrazone C=N bond.

PMID- 19968274
TI  - Site-site interactions enhances intramolecular electron transfer in Streptomyces
      coelicolor laccase.
AB  - Control of electron transfer rates, caused by intrinsic protein structural
      properties, is an intriguing feature of internal biological electron transfer
      (ET) reactions. The small laccase (SLAC) isolated from Streptomyces coelicolor
      has recently been shown to have structural and reactivity features distinct from
      those of other laccases. While other copper oxidases contain three cupredoxin
      domains, the SLAC 3D structure has recently been determined and shown to consist
      of only two, and a different reaction intermediate has been reported for it. It
      was therefore of particular interest to investigate the intramolecular ET between
      the type 1 and the trinuclear copper center in SLAC which is a crucial step in
      the catalytic cycle of the multicopper oxidases, leading to dioxygen reduction to
      water. This ET step was found to markedly depend on the reduction state of the
      enzyme, possibly reflecting site-site interactions so far not observed in other
      multicopper oxidases.

PMID- 19968273
TI  - Vicinal diboronates in high enantiomeric purity through tandem site-selective NHC
      Cu-catalyzed boron-copper additions to terminal alkynes.
AB  - A Cu-catalyzed protocol for conversion of terminal alkynes to enantiomerically
      enriched diboronates is reported. In a single vessel, a site-selective
      hydroboration of an alkyne leads to the corresponding terminal vinylboronate,
      which undergoes a second site-selective and enantioselective hydroboration.
      Reactions proceed in the presence of 2 equiv of commercially available
      bis(pinacolato)diboron [B(2)(pin)(2)] and 5-7.5 mol % loading of a chiral
      bidentate imidazolinium salt, affording diboronates in 60-93% yield and up to
      97.5:2.5 enantiomeric ratio (er). The enantiomerically enriched products can be
      functionalized to afford an assortment of versatile organic molecules. Enynes are
      converted to unsaturated diboronates with high chemo- (>98% reaction of alkyne;
      <2% at alkene) and enantioselectivity (e.g., 94.5:5.5 er).

PMID- 19968275
TI  - Modulation of size and shape of Au nanoparticles using amino-X-shaped
      poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers.
AB  - In the present work, the formation and stabilization of gold nanoparticles in a
      one-pot water-based synthesis has been achieved in the presence of a four-arm,
      star-shaped polyoxyethyelene-polyoxypropylene (PEO-PPO) block copolymer, Tetronic
      T904, which acts as both reductant and stabilizer. The influence of several
      parameters such as copolymer and gold salt concentration, reaction temperature,
      and solution pH on both the size and shape of the resulting nanocrystals has been
      established. Low copolymer/gold salt molar ratios favor the formation of either
      triangular or hexagonal planar nanostructures due to a low reduction rate which
      turns the reaction into kinetic control. As the molar ratio increases, reduction
      becomes faster with the subsequent increase in the number of crystal seeds and,
      thus, the decrease in particle size. In addition, there is an increase in the
      reduction rate which causes the reduction reaction to be governed by
      thermodynamics, and consequently, spherical geometries are favored. A particle
      spherical shape can also be promoted as a consequence of the accumulation of
      block copolymer molecules on different crystallographic planes, homogenizing the
      metal surface structure and disabling the growth in different crystallographic
      directions. The same behavior was observed when the reaction temperature was
      raised. The size and shape of gold nanoparticles could also be controlled by
      varying the pH of the medium. As the pH becomes more acidic, protons prevent the
      oxyethylene part of the copolymer from the reduction of metal ions, and
      consequently, the number of nuclei decreases. This explains the overall increase
      in the particle size and the change in shape when the synthesis is carried out in
      acid medium. Finally, comparison with nanoparticles obtained in the presence of a
      structurally related linear block copolymer Pluronic P105, with a similar number
      of EO and PO units as T904, denoted an important incidence of the arrangement of
      PEO and PPO blocks on the reduction reaction rate and the size and shape of the
      resulting nanoparticles.

PMID- 19968276
TI  - Ferrocene-substituted nitrogen-rich ring systems as multichannel molecular
      chemosensors for anions in aqueous environment.
AB  - The synthesis, electrochemical, optical, and anion sensing properties of
      ferrocene-fused imidazole dyads are presented. Ferrocene-benzobisimidazole dyad 1
      behaves as a highly selective redox, chromogenic and fluorescent chemosensor
      molecule for AcO(-) anion in DMSO/H(2)O: the oxidation redox peak is cathodically
      shifted (DeltaE(1/2) = -170 mV), perturbation of the UV-vis spectrum, and the
      emission band is both red-shifted (Delta lambda = 13 nm) and increased (Chelation
      Enhanced Fluorescence, CHEF = 133) upon complexation with this anion. The related
      ferrocene-bisbenzimidazole dyad 2 has shown the ability for sensing both
      H(2)PO(4)(-) and HP(2)O(7)(3-) anions in the same medium. Upon complexation, it
      also displays a cathodic shift of the redox potential (DeltaE(1/2) = -90 to 80
      mV), as well as a clear perturbation of the UV-vis spectrum and an increase in
      the intensity of the emission band (CHEF = 97-37). However, such magnitudes are
      smaller than those exhibited by 1. (1)H NMR studies have been carried out to
      obtain information about the molecular sites which are involved in the binding
      process.

PMID- 19968278
TI  - Magic numbers of gold clusters stabilized by PVP.
AB  - We applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for mass analysis
      of Au clusters stabilized by poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PVP) and discovered a
      series of magic numbers for Au cluster size: 35 +/- 1, 43 +/- 1, 58 +/- 1, 70 +/-
      3, 107 +/- 4, 130 +/- 1, and 150 +/- 2. Magic numbers smaller than approximately
      70 agree with those of free Au clusters and can be explained qualitatively by the
      electronic shell model. In contrast, magic numbers larger than approximately 100
      are obviously different from those of the free clusters. We suggest that the
      deviation from the electronic shell model is due to perturbation of the
      electronic and/or geometric structures caused by interaction with PVP.

PMID- 19968277
TI  - Thiol-disulfide exchange between glutaredoxin and glutathione.
AB  - Glutaredoxins are ubiquitous thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases which catalyze the
      reduction of glutathione-protein mixed disulfides. Belonging to the thioredoxin
      family, they contain a conserved active site CXXC motif. The N-proximal active
      site cysteine can form a mixed disulfide with glutathione or an intramolecular
      disulfide with the C-proximal cysteine. The C-proximal cysteine is not known to
      be involved in the catalytic mechanism. The stability of the mixed disulfide with
      glutathione has been investigated in detail using a mutant variant of yeast
      glutaredoxin 1, in which the C-proximal active site cysteine has been replaced
      with serine. The exchange reaction between the reduced protein and oxidized
      glutathione leading to formation of the mixed disulfide could readily be
      monitored by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) due to the enthalpic
      contributions from the noncovalent interactions and the protonation of
      glutathione thiolate. An algorithm for the analysis of this type of reaction by
      ITC was developed and showed that the interaction is enthalpy driven with a large
      entropy penalty. The applicability of the method was verified by a mass
      spectrometry-based approach, which gave a standard reduction potential of -295 mV
      for the mixed disulfide. In another set of experiments, the pK(a) value of the
      active site cysteine was determined. In line with what has been observed for
      other glutaredoxins, this cysteine was found to have a very low pK(a) value. The
      glutathionylation of glutaredoxin was shown to have a substantial effect on the
      thermal stability of the protein as revealed by differential scanning
      calorimetry.

PMID- 19968279
TI  - X-ray structure of a CT complex relevant to Diels-Alder reactivity of
      anthracenes.
AB  - Combining the results of thermodynamic and kinetic investigations with an X-ray
      characterization of a transient CT complex sheds more light on the Diels-Alder
      reactivity of a strongly electron-deficient olefin, namely the 4
      nitrobenzodifuroxan.

PMID- 19968280
TI  - Amino acid based metal-organic nanofibers.
AB  - Long chiral metal-organic nanofibers can be grown using conventional coordination
      chemistry and biologically derived components in a diffusion controlled growth
      procedure.

PMID- 19968281
TI  - Two axles threaded using a single template site: active metal template
      macrobicyclic [3]rotaxanes.
AB  - Template approaches to rotaxanes normally require at least n - 1 template sites
      to interlock n components. Here we describe the one-pot synthesis of [3]rotaxanes
      in which a single metal template site induces formation of axles through each
      cavity of a bicyclic macrocycle. Central to the approach is that a portion of the
      bicyclic molecule acts as a ligand for a transition metal ion that mediates
      covalent bond formation through one or other macrocyclic cavity, depending on the
      ligand's orientation, making a mechanical bond. The ligand can then rotate so
      that the transition metal can catalyze the formation of a second axle through the
      other macrocycle. Using this strategy with the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne
      cycloaddition (the CuAAC reaction) generates a [3]rotaxane with two identical
      axles in up to 86% yield. [3]Rotaxanes with two different axles threaded through
      the macrobicyclic rings can also be created using a single template site, either
      by having copper(I) sequentially form both mechanical bonds (via the CuAAC
      reaction) using different sets of building blocks for each axle or by using two
      different reactions catalyzed by two different metal ions: a palladium(II)
      mediated alkyne homocoupling to assemble the first thread through one cavity,
      followed by a copper(I)-mediated CuAAC reaction to form the second axle through
      the other ring.

PMID- 19968282
TI  - Direct observation of an enamine intermediate in amine catalysis.
AB  - An enamine intermediate is believed to be the central feature of biological
      catalysts, such as aldolases and small molecule amine organocatalysts. Despite
      decades of investigation of naturally occurring aldolase enzymes and recent
      studies on designed aldolase antibodies and organocatalysts, direct structural
      observation of an enamine intermediate has proven to be rare. Herein, we report
      the observation of a stable enamine intermediate in the crystal structure of an
      aldolase antibody 33F12 in complex with a 1,3-diketone derivative. This enamine
      complex structure provides strong evidence that fewer residues are essential for
      amine catalysis within the hydrophobic environments of this catalytic antibody
      than speculated for natural aldolase enzymes and should serve to guide future
      studies aimed at the rational design of these types of catalysts, as well as
      organocatalysts. Indeed, enamine catalysis in proteins might be more simplistic
      than previously imagined.

PMID- 19968283
TI  - Size-dependent multiple twinning in nanocrystal superlattices.
AB  - We report a size-dependent change in the morphology of superlattices self
      assembled from monodisperse colloidal PbS nanocrystals. Superlattices of large
      (>7 nm) PbS nanocrystals showed a strong tendency to form multiply twinned face
      centered cubic superlattices with decahedral and icosahedral symmetry, exhibiting
      crystallographically forbidden five-fold symmetry elements. On the other hand,
      superlattices of small (<4 nm) PbS nanocrystals exhibited no twinning. To explain
      such a dramatic difference in the twinning probability, we showed that twinning
      energy in a nanocrystal superlattice is strongly size-dependent. In addition, the
      interparticle potentials acting during the self-assembly process are "softer" in
      the case of larger PbS nanocrystals, thus favoring the formation of multiply
      twinned superlattices. Our work introduces a new class of materials exhibiting
      multiple twinning, while offering flexibility in designing interparticle
      potentials.

PMID- 19968284
TI  - Identifying modulators of protein-protein interactions using photonic crystal
      biosensors.
AB  - Inhibitors and activators of protein-protein interactions are valuable as
      biological probes and medicinal agents but are often difficult to identify.
      Herein we describe a high-throughput assay, based upon photonic crystal (PC)
      biosensors, for the identification of modulators of protein-protein interactions.
      Through the use of a d-biotin-tris-NTA (BTN) hybrid compound, any His6-tagged
      protein can be immobilized on the surface of a PC biosensor. Binding of the bound
      protein to its cognate partner is detected via a shift in the peak wavelength
      value. We demonstrate this assay with three protein-protein pairs (caspase-9
      XIAP, caspase-7-XIAP, FKBP12-FRB) and their small molecule modulators.

PMID- 19968285
TI  - Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-cephalostatin 1.
AB  - This Article describes an enantioselective synthesis of cephalostatin 1. Key
      steps of this synthesis are a unique methyl group selective allylic oxidation,
      directed C-H hydroxylation of a sterol at C12, Au(I)-catalyzed 5-endo-dig
      cyclization, and a kinetic spiroketalization.

PMID- 19968286
TI  - Seeded growth of CdS nanoparticles within a conducting metallopolymer matrix.
AB  - Electropolymerization of bithiophene-substituted cadmium(II) Schiff base
      complexes forms thin conducting metallopolymer films with metal centers
      distributed throughout. The metal centers act as seed points for direct growth of
      CdS nanoparticles within the polymer matrix under mild reaction conditions. This
      synthetic approach offers control over both the size and distribution density of
      the nanoparticles formed within the polymer film. The resulting hybrid materials
      hold promise for a variety of organic electronic and optoelectronic applications.

PMID- 19968287
TI  - In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of mesenchymal-epithelial
      transition (MET) receptor.
AB  - We report the radiosynthesis and evaluation of 3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(4
      [11C]methylpiperazinecarbonyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H
      indole-5-sulfonic acid (3-chlorophenyl)methylamide, termed [11C]SU11274 ([11C]14)
      for in vivo imaging of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) receptor by
      positron emission tomography (PET). Following the synthesis of the precursor (13)
      that was achieved in 10 steps with a total yield of 9.7%, [11C]14 was obtained
      through radiomethylation in a range of 5-10% radiochemical yield and over 95%
      radiochemical purity. For in vivo PET studies, two human lung cancer xenograft
      models were established using MET-positive NCI-H1975 and MET-negative NCI-H520
      cell lines. Quantitative [11C]14-PET studies showed that the tumor uptake of
      [11C]14 in the NCI-H1975 xenografts was significantly higher than that in the NCI
      H520 xenografts, which is consistent with their corresponding immunohistochemical
      tissue staining patterns of MET receptors from the same animals. These studies
      demonstrated that [11C]14-PET is an appropriate imaging marker for quantification
      of MET receptor in vivo, which can facilitate efficacy evaluation in the clinical
      development of MET-targeted cancer therapeutics.

PMID- 19968288
TI  - Lead optimization of N-3-substituted 7-morpholinotriazolopyrimidines as dual
      phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors: discovery of
      PKI-402.
AB  - Herein we describe the identification and lead optimization of
      triazolopyrimidines as a novel class of potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors,
      resulting in the discovery of 3 (PKI-402). Compound 3 exhibits good physical
      properties and PK parameters, low nanomolar potency against PI3Kalpha and mTOR,
      and excellent inhibition of cell proliferation in several human cancer cell
      lines. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo biomarker studies demonstrated the
      ability of 3 to shut down the PI3K/Akt pathway and induce apoptosis in cancer
      cells. In addition, 3 showed excellent in vivo efficacy in various human cancer
      xenografts, validating suppression of PI3K/mTOR signaling as a potential
      anticancer therapy.

PMID- 19968289
TI  - Design and synthesis of 5,5'-disubstituted aminohydantoins as potent and
      selective human beta-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors.
AB  - The identification of small molecule aminohydantoins as potent and selective
      human beta-secretase inhibitors is reported. These analogues exhibit low
      nannomolar potency for BACE1, show comparable activity in a cell-based (ELISA)
      assay, and demonstrate >100x selectivity for the other structurally related
      aspartyl proteases BACE2, cathepsinD, renin, and pepsin. On the basis of the
      cocrystal structure of the HTS-hit 2 in the BACE1 active site and by use of a
      structure-based drug design approach, we methodically explored the comparatively
      large binding pocket of the BACE1 enzyme and identified key interactions between
      the ligand and the protein that contributed to the affinity. One of the more
      potent compounds, (S)-55, displayed an IC(50) value for BACE1 of 10 nM and
      exhibited comparable cellular activity (EC(50) = 20 nM) in the ELISA assay. Acute
      oral administration of (S)-55 at 100 mg/kg resulted in a 69% reduction of plasma
      A beta(40) at 8 h in a Tg2576 mouse (p < 0.001).

PMID- 19968290
TI  - Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antitubercular 2
      nitroimidazooxazines bearing heterocyclic side chains.
AB  - Recently described biphenyl analogues of the antituberculosis drug PA-824
      displayed improved potencies against M. tuberculosis but were poorly soluble.
      Heterobiaryl analogues of these, in which the first phenyl ring was replaced with
      various 5-membered ring heterocycles, were prepared with the aim of identifying
      potent new candidates with improved aqueous solubility. The compounds were
      constructed by coupling the chiral 2-nitroimidazooxazine alcohol with various
      halomethyl-substituted arylheterocycles, by cycloadditions to a propargyl ether
      derivative of this alcohol, or by Suzuki couplings on haloheterocyclic methyl
      ether derivatives. The arylheterocyclic compounds were all more hydrophilic than
      their corresponding biphenyl analogues, and several showed solubility
      improvements. 1-Methylpyrazole, 1,3-linked-pyrazole, 2,4-linked-triazole, and
      tetrazole analogues had 3- to 7-fold higher MIC potencies against replicating M.
      tb than predicted by their lipophilicities. Two pyrazole analogues were >10-fold
      more efficacious than the parent drug in a mouse model of acute M. tb infection,
      and one displayed a 2-fold higher solubility.

PMID- 19968291
TI  - Diastereoselective synthesis of 4-hydroxytetralones via a cascade Stetter-aldol
      reaction catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes.
AB  - A cascade Stetter-aldol reaction of phthalaldehyde and Michael acceptors
      catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes was developed. The corresponding 3
      substituted-4-hydroxytetralones were obtained in moderate to good yields with
      good trans-selectivities. On the contrary, the separated Stetter reaction
      followed by aldol reaction gave 3-substituted-4-hydroxytetralones with good cis
      selectivity. Oxidation or dehydration of the resulted 4-hydroxytetralone gave the
      corresponding naphthalenediol or naphthol derivative, respectively, in good
      yield.

PMID- 19968292
TI  - Combination of statistical methods and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
      mass spectrometry for more comprehensive, molecular-level interpretations of
      petroleum samples.
AB  - Complex petroleum mass spectra obtained by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron
      resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) were successfully interpreted at the
      molecular level by applying principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical
      clustering analysis (HCA). A total of 40 mass spectra were obtained from 20 crude
      oil samples using both positive and negative atmospheric pressure photoionization
      (APPI). Approximately 400,000 peaks were identified at the molecular level.
      Conventional data analyses would have been impractical with so much data.
      However, PCA grouped samples into score plots based on their molecular
      composition. In this way, the overall compositional difference between samples
      could be easily displayed and identified by comparing score and loading plots.
      HCA was also performed to group and compare samples based on selected peaks that
      had been grouped by PCA. Subsequent heat map analyses revealed detailed
      compositional differences among grouped samples. This study demonstrates a
      promising new approach for studying multiple, complex petroleum samples at the
      molecular level.

PMID- 19968293
TI  - Pimelotides A and B, diterpenoid ketal-lactone orthoesters with an unprecedented
      skeleton from Pimelea elongata.
AB  - A detailed investigation of the minor phytochemical components of Pimelea
      elongata foliage led to the discovery of two new diterpenoid daphnane ketal
      lactone orthoesters with an unprecedented skeleton, pimelotides A (1) and B (2).
      Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 19968294
TI  - One-shot deep-UV pulsed-laser-induced photomodification of hollow metal
      nanoparticles for high-density data storage on flexible substrates.
AB  - In this paper, we report a new optical data storage method: photomodification of
      hollow gold nanoparticle (HGN) monolayers induced by one-shot deep-ultraviolet
      (DUV) KrF laser recording. As far as we are aware, this study is the first to
      apply HGNs in optical data storage and also the first to use a recording light
      source for the metal nanoparticles (NPs) that is not a surface plasmon resonance
      (SPR) wavelength. The short wavelength of the recording DUV laser improved the
      optical resolution dramatically. We prepared HGNs exhibiting two absorbance
      regions: an SPR peak in the near-infrared (NIR) region and an intrinsic material
      extinction in the DUV region. A single pulse from a KrF laser heated the HGNs and
      transformed them from hollow structures to smaller solid spheres. This change in
      morphology for the HGNs was accompanied by a significant blue shift of the SPR
      peak. Employing this approach, we demonstrated its patterning ability with a
      resolving power of a half-micrometer (using a phase mask) and developed a readout
      method (using a blue-ray laser microscope). Moreover, we prepared large-area,
      uniform patterns of monolayer HGNs on various substrates (glass slides, silicon
      wafers, flexible plates). If this spectral recording technique could be applied
      onto thin flexible tapes, the recorded data density would increase significantly
      relative to that of current rigid discs (e.g., compact discs).

PMID- 19968295
TI  - Exploratory synthesis: the fascinating and diverse chemistry of polar
      intermetallic phases.
AB  - Exploratory synthetic adventures regarding the inorganic chemistry of polar
      intermetallic phases have proven to be especially productive of novel
      compositions, new and unprecedented structures, and unusual bonding regimes.
      Reactions of diverse elements with widely different electronegativities allow the
      definition of two opposed classes of products: polycationic or polyanionic
      clusters or networks of metals paired with the corresponding monatomic anions or
      cations. These can be usefully viewed as intermetallic "salts", redox products of
      simpler neutral intermetallic systems but with widely different factors governing
      their stabilities. Thus, combinations of rare-earth metals alone or with late
      transition metals form a novel variety of polymetal network structures with
      relatively isolated telluride (or halide) spacer anions. Similarly, extensions of
      traditional Zintl phases of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals from the later p
      elements to the earlier triels, Ga-Tl especially, yield many new and elegant
      polyanionic structures. The substitution or addition of still earlier p or late d
      metal components produces still electron-poorer and more condensed polar
      intermetallic phases with increasingly delocalized bonding, higher coordination
      numbers, and more unusual structures and bonding. These discoveries have also led
      to new approaches: electronic tuning via band calculations to generate new
      families of quasicrystals and their crystalline approximants with their
      characteristic structural regimes and regularities. Gold as a substituent
      generates particularly novel bonding in arrays of mixed metals or polygold
      anionic networks.

PMID- 19968297
TI  - Effects of water on aggregation and stability of monoglycerides in hydrophobic
      solutions.
AB  - We apply a set of different techniques to analyze the physical properties and
      phase transitions of monoglyceride (MG)-oil-water ternary systems. The effect of
      MGs on water absorption in food-grade hazelnut oil and in pure hydrocarbon oil
      (decane) is reported. Comparison between decane and hazelnut oil backgrounds
      indicates that the effect of water absorption is significant and universal in
      different MG ternary systems. Adding small amounts of cosurfactant (stearic acid)
      is necessary to stabilize the MGs in oil-water combinations by enhancing the
      swelling capacity of lamellar layers; as a result, the structures become
      sensitive to the pH of the aqueous phase used. The dramatic changes on increasing
      the aqueous content are recorded by the calorimetry. In samples with small
      quantities of water, the phase behavior is almost independent of the pH. Once the
      proportion of water increases, the effect of pH is prominent. At low pH, the
      solubility of MG in water is limited, and the ternary system retains key features
      of the oil-dominated environment, such as the sequence of two transitions on
      cooling, with the low-temperature sub-alpha crystalline phase. At high pH and a
      sufficient amount of water, the MG layers remain properly swollen, and the
      crystalline phase disappears from the phase diagram. We spend considerable effort
      identifying the inverse lamellar phase of MGs in an oil-dominated environment
      with the so-called alpha-gel phase that is well-established in water-dominated
      systems, and distinguishing "demixing" from water and from oil. The rheology is
      examined in different fluid and gel phases; the storage modulus generally
      decreased on increasing the water proportion, but a gel-like response is found in
      the high-temperature lamellar phase over a wide range of water dilution. We then
      focus on aging phenomena in the inverse lamellar (or alpha-gel) phase and show
      that the rearranging of hydrogen bonds is slowed down and disrupted by the
      presence of water, giving the lamellar gel longer life times.

PMID- 19968296
TI  - Fabrication of robust crystal balls from the electrospray of soft polymer
      spheres/silica dispersion.
AB  - This paper presents a novel and facile approach to fabricate robust crystal balls
      directly through the self-assembly of soft colloidal polymer spheres by the aid
      of nano silica using an electrospraying technique. In this approach, soft
      colloidal polymer spheres are synthesized by emulsion polymerization and then
      blended with colloidal silica to obtain nanocomposite dispersion. When this
      dispersion is loaded into an injector and forced to flow through the nozzle under
      direct electric field, the detached droplets are collected by an oil solvent. As
      water and solvent evaporate, the colloidal polymer spheres and silica beads can
      directly self-assemble into robust crystal balls. Neither soft matrix nor post
      treatment is needed. The obtained crystal balls have not only excellent
      mechanical properties to withstand external forces such as cutting, puckering,
      and bending, but also reversible deformation.

PMID- 19968298
TI  - Identification of the mokH gene encoding transcription factor for the
      upregulation of monacolin K biosynthesis in Monascus pilosus.
AB  - Monacolin K is a secondary metabolite synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKS)
      from Monascus. The monacolin K biosynthetic gene cluster, mokA-mokI, has been
      characterized in Monascus pilosus. The mokH gene encoding Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear
      DNA binding protein is assumed to be an activator for monacolin K production. In
      this study, the mokH gene was cloned and driven by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter for overexpression in M. pilosus. The transformants
      containing an extra copy of the mokH gene were obtained and verified by PCR and
      Southern hybridization. The transcripts of mokH in the transformants were
      expressed significantly higher than those of the wild-type strain. The
      transformants were stably inherited through the next generation, as determined by
      observation of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The transformant T
      mokH1 also showed a 1.7-fold higher production of monacolin K than the wild-type
      strain in a time course analysis. Analysis of the RT-PCR products demonstrated
      that the monacolin K biosynthetic genes in the transformant were expressed to a
      greater extent than those in the wild-type strain. These results indicated that
      mokH upregulated the transcription of monacolin K biosynthetic genes and
      increased monacolin K production.

PMID- 19968301
TI  - Improved injection in n-type organic transistors with conjugated
      polyelectrolytes.
AB  - To improve injection in n-type organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), a thin
      conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) layer was interposed between electrodes and the
      semiconductor layer. OTFTs were fabricated with [6,6]-phenyl-C(61) butyric acid
      methyl ester (PCBM) and Au source and drain contacts. We demonstrate that the
      insertion of CPEs beneath top-contact Au source/drain electrodes can be a very
      effective strategy for improving the carrier injection and reducing turn-on
      threshold voltages of n-channel OTFTs. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy
      (UPS) indicates that the decrease of the electron injection barrier is consistent
      with organized dipoles at the metal/organic interface.

PMID- 19968300
TI  - Activatable magnetic resonance imaging agents for myeloperoxidase sensing:
      mechanism of activation, stability, and toxicity.
AB  - Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in
      many inflammatory diseases, particularly cardiovascular and neurological
      diseases. MPO-specific imaging agents would thus be highly useful to diagnose
      early disease, monitor disease progression, and quantify treatment effects. This
      study reports in vitro and in vivo characterizations of the mechanism of
      interaction between MPO and paramagnetic enzyme substrates based on physical and
      biological measurements. We show that these agents are activated through a
      radical mechanism, which can combine to form oligomers and, in the presence of
      tyrosine-containing peptide, bind to proteins. We further identified two new
      imaging agents, which represent the near extremes in either oligomerization (mono
      5HT-DTPA-Gd) or protein-binding in their activation mechanism (bis-o-dianisidine
      DTPA-Gd). On the other hand, we found that the agent bis-5HT-DTPA-Gd utilizes
      both mechanisms when activated. These properties yield distinct in vivo
      pharmacokinetics profiles for each of these agents that may be exploited for
      different applications. Specificity studies show that only MPO, but not
      eosinophil peroxidase, can highly activate these agents, and that MPO activity as
      low as 0.005 U/mg of tissue can be detected. Gd kinetic lability and cytotoxicity
      studies further confirm stability of the Gd ion and low toxicity for the 5HT
      based agents, suggesting that these agents are suitable for translational in vivo
      studies.

PMID- 19968302
TI  - Protein-ligand docking using mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLSDOCK).
AB  - The theoretical prediction of the association of a flexible ligand with a protein
      receptor requires efficient sampling of the conformational space of the ligand.
      Several docking methodologies are currently available. We have proposed a docking
      technique that performs well at low computational cost. The method uses mutually
      orthogonal Latin squares to efficiently sample the docking space. A variant of
      the mean field technique is used to analyze this sample to arrive at the optimum.
      The method has been previously applied to search through both the conformational
      space of a peptide as well its docking space. Here we extend this method to
      simultaneously identify both the low energy conformation as well as a high
      scoring docking mode for the small organic ligand molecules. Application of the
      method to 45 protein-ligand complexes, in which the number of rotatable torsions
      varies from 2 to 19, and comparisons with AutoDock 4.0, showed that the method
      works well.

PMID- 19968304
TI  - Rhodium catalyzed allene amination: diastereoselective synthesis of
      aminocyclopropanes via a 2-amidoallylcation intermediate.
AB  - The interaction of a sulfamate ester derived metallonitrene with an allene
      generates a versatile intermediate with 2-amidoallylcation-like reactivity,
      capable of rearranging to give highly substituted iminocyclopropanes or acting as
      a novel dipolar species engaging external dipolarophiles.

PMID- 19968303
TI  - SylC catalyzes ureido-bond formation during biosynthesis of the proteasome
      inhibitor syringolin A.
AB  - Syringolins are a class of cyclic tripeptide natural products that are potent and
      irreversible inhibitors of the eukaryotic proteasome. In addition to being hybrid
      NRPS/PKS molecules, they also feature an unusual ureido-linkage (red) between two
      amino acid monomers. Here we report the first in vitro characterization of
      enzymatic ureido-linkage formation which is catalyzed by an NRPS, SylC. Using
      (13)C- and (18)O-labeling studies, we show that biosynthesis occurs via N
      carboxylation to form an initial N-carboxy-aminoacyl-S-Ppant enzyme intermediate
      which undergoes intramolecular cyclization followed by condensation with a second
      amino acid to form the ureido-containing dipeptide product.

PMID- 19968305
TI  - Size-dependent catalytic activity and dynamics of gold nanoparticles at the
      single-molecule level.
AB  - Nanoparticles are important catalysts for petroleum processing, energy
      conversion, and pollutant removal. As compared to their bulk counterparts, their
      often superior or new catalytic properties result from their nanometer size,
      which gives them increased surface-to-volume ratios and chemical potentials. The
      size of nanoparticles is thus pivotal for their catalytic properties. Here, we
      use single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to study the size-dependent catalytic
      activity and dynamics of spherical Au-nanoparticles under ambient solution
      conditions. By monitoring the catalysis of individual Au-nanoparticles of three
      different sizes in real time with single-turnover resolution, we observe clear
      size-dependent activities in both the catalytic product formation reaction and
      the product dissociation reaction. Within a model of classical thermodynamics,
      these size-dependent activities of Au-nanoparticles can be accounted for by the
      changes in the adsorption free energies of the substrate resazurin and the
      product resorufin because of the nanosize effect. We also observe size-dependent
      differential selectivity of the Au-nanoparticles between two parallel product
      dissociation pathways, with larger nanoparticles less selective between the two
      pathways. The particle size also strongly influences the surface-restructuring
      coupled catalytic dynamics; both the catalysis-induced and the spontaneous
      dynamic surface restructuring occur more readily for smaller Au-nanoparticles due
      to their higher surface energies. Using a simple thermodynamic model, we analyze
      the catalysis- and size-dependent dynamic surface restructuring quantitatively;
      the results provide estimates on the activation energies and time scales of
      spontaneous dynamic surface restructuring that are fundamental to heterogeneous
      catalysis in both the nano- and the macro-scale. This study further exemplifies
      the power of the single-molecule approach in probing the intricate workings of
      nanoscale catalysts.

PMID- 19968306
TI  - Dramatic effect of Lewis acids on the rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration of olefins.
AB  - The addition of Lewis acids such as trispentafluoroboron as cocatalysts has been
      found to have a dramatic effect on the Rh-catalyzed hydroboration of olefins with
      pinacol borane. For example, aliphatic olefins do not react at all in
      noncoordinating solvents, but with the addition of 2% of B(C(6)F(5))(3), the
      reaction is complete in minutes. Similarly, the reaction of aromatic olefins with
      HBPin occurs slowly and nonselectively in the absence of B(C(6)F(5))(3), but is
      accelerated and occurs more selectively in its presence. Preliminary mechanistic
      studies suggest that the B(C(6)F(5))(3) needs to be present throughout the course
      of the reaction, not just at the initiation stage, and implicate this species,
      along with THF, in the heterolytic cleavage of the B-H bond of HBPin.

PMID- 19968307
TI  - Resonant coupling in the heteronuclear alkali dimers for direct photoassociative
      formation of X(0,0) ultracold molecules.
AB  - Promising pathways for photoassociative formation of ultracold heteronuclear
      alkali metal dimers in their lowest rovibronic levels (denoted X(0,0)) are
      examined using high-quality ab initio calculations of potential energy curves
      currently available. A promising pathway for KRb, involving the resonant coupling
      of the 2(1)Pi and 1(1)Pi states just below the lowest excited asymptote (K(4s) +
      Rb(5p(1/2))), is found to occur also for RbCs and less promisingly for KCs also.
      The resonant coupling of the 3(1)Sigma(+) and 1(1)Pi states, also just below the
      lowest excited asymptote, is found to be promising for LiNa, LiK, and LiRb and
      less promising for LiCs and KCs. Direct photoassociation to the 1(1)Pi state near
      dissociation appears promising in the final dimers NaK, NaRb, and NaCs, although
      detuning more than 100 cm(-1) below the lowest excited asymptote may be required.

PMID- 19968308
TI  - Dissociative charge exchange dynamics of HOCO+ and DOCO+.
AB  - Translational spectroscopy has been used to study the dissociation of HOCO and
      DOCO to both the OH/OD(X(2)Pi) + CO(X(1)Sigma(+)) and H/D((2)S) +
      CO(2)(X(1)Sigma(+)) product channels upon charge exchange between a fast (keV)
      beam of HOCO(+)/DOCO(+) and cesium. Analysis of the measured kinetic energy
      release distributions for the two product channels suggests that HOCO is
      initially produced in the 1(2)A'' electronic state by near resonant electron
      capture from cesium (approximately 4.31 eV above the ground state trans-HOCO
      conformer). This initial state undergoes rapid predissociation leading to OH + CO
      and H + CO(2) products, with respective branching fractions of 0.75 +/- 0.03 and
      0.25 +/- 0.03. Possible mechanisms leading to dissociation and the observed
      dissociation dynamics are presented in light of theoretical studies of the low
      lying electronic states of HOCO.

PMID- 19968310
TI  - Refined theoretical estimates of the atomization energies and molecular
      structures of selected small oxygen fluorides.
AB  - The heats of formation at 298.15 K and structures of five small oxygen fluoride
      molecules have been determined with coupled cluster theory incorporating at least
      through quadruple excitations. Because the wave functions of several of these
      systems exhibit strong multiconfiguration character, correlation recovery beyond
      CCSD(T) was found to be essential for achieving accurate results. Comparison is
      made with multireference configuration interaction properties where appropriate.
      The final DeltaH(f)(298 K) values obtained in this study are FO ((2)Pi(3/2)) =
      26.5 +/- 0.2, FOO ((2)A'') = 6.4 +/- 0.7, OFO ((2)B(2)) = 125.0 +/- 0.3, FOF
      ((1)A(1)) = 5.9 +/- 0.3, and FOOF ((1)A) = 6.4 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol. For FO, FOO, and
      FOF, the theoretical DeltaH(f) values with their accompanying error bars easily
      fall within the experimental error bars. In the case of OFO the heat of formation
      has not been determined experimentally. The best current DeltaH(f) for FOOF lies
      outside the NIST-JANAF experimental error bars (4.59 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol) despite
      the use of very high levels of theory and the adoption of what is believed to be
      a conservative estimate of the theoretical uncertainty. Good agreement with
      experiment was found for the structures.

PMID- 19968309
TI  - Superoxide radical anion adduct of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. 6. Redox
      properties.
AB  - Cyclic nitrones have been employed for decades as spin trapping reagents for the
      detection and identification of transient radicals, and have been employed as
      pharmacological agent against ROS-mediated toxicity. The short half-life of the
      nitrone-superoxide adducts limits the application of nitrones in biological
      millieu, and therefore investigaton of the redox properties of the superoxide
      adducts is important. Moreover, computational investigation of the redox
      properties of the nitrones and their corresponding spin adducts may provide new
      insights into the nature of their pharmacological activity against ROS-induced
      toxicity. In general, electron-withdrawing group substitution at the C-5 position
      results in higher EAs and IPs making these substituted nitrones more susceptible
      to reduction but more difficult to oxidize compared to DMPO. One-electron
      reduction and oxidation of nitrones both resulted in elongated N-C(2) bonds
      indicating the tendency of radical anion and cation forms of nitrone to undergo
      ring-opening. The EAs and IPs of various O(2)(*-) adducts indicate that DEPMPO
      O(2)H is the most difficult to reduce and oxidize compared to the O(2)(*-)
      adducts of DMPO, EMPO, and AMPO. In general, nitroxides gave higher EAs compared
      to nitrones making them more suceptible to reduction. One-electron oxidation of
      nitroxides leads to elongation of the N-C(2) bond but not for their reduction.
      The energetics of redox reaction of O(2)(*-) adducts was also explored. Results
      indicate that the reduction of O(2)(*-) adducts with O(2)(*-) is preferred
      followed by their oxidation by O(2) and then by O(2)(*-), but the maximum
      difference between these free energies of redox reactions in aqueous solution is
      only 0.21 kcal/mol. The preferred decomposition pathways for the one-electron
      oxidation and reduction of nitroxides was also explored, and formation of
      potentially biologically active products such as NO, H(2)O(2), and hydroxamic
      acid was predicted.

PMID- 19968311
TI  - Quaternary amine-induced peptide degradation via cyclization.
AB  - In this study, we investigated intramolecular cyclizations in peptides containing
      quaternary amines. Two types of cyclization reactions are studied: (a) those
      involving a trimethylammonium butyric acid (TMAB) charge tag and (b) those
      involving trimethylated lysine. Both types of reactions result in the release of
      trimethylamine via an S(N)2 mechanism involving a lone pair of electrons on the
      oxygen or nitrogen. In the case of the TMAB charge tag cyclization, the oxygen
      attack mechanism leading to a five-membered ring is the preferred pathway. In the
      trimethylated lysine cyclizations, the preferred pathway involves the nitrogen
      nucleophile resulting in the formation of a six-membered ring. The similarities
      and differences between the two reactions are analyzed.

PMID- 19968312
TI  - Ultrafast observation of isomerization and complexation in the photolysis of
      bromoform in solution.
AB  - Ultrafast photolysis of bromoform (CHBr(3)) with a 267 nm pulse of light followed
      by broadband transient electronic absorption identifies the photoproducts and
      follows their evolution in both neat bromoform and cyclohexane solutions. In neat
      bromoform, a species absorbing at 390 nm appears promptly and decays with a time
      constant of 13 ps as another species absorbing at 495 nm appears. The wavelength
      and time evolution of the first absorption is consistent with the formation of
      iso-bromoform (CHBr(2)-Br) by recombination of the fragment radicals within the
      solvent cage. The presence of an isosbestic point in the transient spectra
      indicates that this isomer is the precursor of the second absorber. The excess
      internal energy remaining in iso-bromoform permits release of the weakly bound Br
      atom to form a complex, CHBr(3)-Br, with other bromoform molecules. The features
      in the transient spectra are qualitatively similar in cyclohexane solutions of
      bromoform. The wavelength of the transition of iso-bromoform does not change upon
      dilution, but that of the CHBr(3)-Br complex systematically decreases with
      addition of cyclohexane. This trend agrees with the predicted dependence of the
      energy of a charge-transfer transition on the dielectric constant of the medium.
      Vibrational relaxation is likely to be the controlling feature of the evolution
      of the initially formed iso-bromoform.

PMID- 19968313
TI  - Control of chemoselectivity by counteranions of cationic palladium complexes: a
      convenient enantioselective synthesis of dihydrocoumarins.
AB  - High chemoselectivity for the synthesis of two kinds of substituted coumarins
      controlled by the counteranions of the cationic palladium catalysts is described.
      The asymmetric version of the reaction for the synthesis of 3-alkylidene
      dihydrocoumarins is realized with high enantioselectivity.

PMID- 19968314
TI  - Weak chemical complexation of PH3 with ionic liquids.
AB  - We present a combined theoretical and experimental study on weak chemical
      complexation between PH(3) and a few selected Cu(I)- and Al-based ionic liquids
      (ILs). PH(3) molecules were found to covalently bind with the cationic sites of
      the ILs. Effects of cations, anions, ion pairing, and solvents on the binding
      strength were systematically examined. The weak coordination of PH(3) on the ILs
      allows the PH(3) gas to be stored at near ambient conditions with a high
      capacity.

PMID- 19968315
TI  - A PGSE-NMR study of molecular self-diffusion in lamellar phases doped with
      polyoxometalates.
AB  - Using pulsed gradient spin-echo NMR, we studied molecular self-diffusion in
      aligned samples of a hybrid lyotropic lamellar L(alpha) phase. This composite
      organic-inorganic material was obtained by doping the lamellar phase of the
      nonionic surfactant Brij-30 with the [PW(12)O(40)](3-) polyoxometalate (POM).
      Both water and POM self-diffusion display a large anisotropy, as diffusion is
      severely restricted along the normal to the bilayers. Water diffusion in planes
      parallel to the bilayers does not depend on the POM concentration but depends on
      the lamellar period, which is due to a variable fraction of "bound" water
      molecules. POM diffusion in the hybrid L(alpha) phase is almost 2 orders of
      magnitude slower than in aqueous solution. Moreover, it is not at all affected by
      the thickness of the aqueous medium separating the bilayers. This proves that the
      POM nanoparticles do not freely diffuse in the interbilayer aqueous space but
      adsorb onto the PEG brushes that cover both sides of the surfactant bilayers.

PMID- 19968316
TI  - Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles by water-soluble
      complexes of carotenoids.
AB  - Photoirradiation of TiO(2) nanoparticles by visible light in the presence of the
      water-soluble natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan complexes of the hydrocarbon
      carotenoid beta-carotene leads to enhanced yield of the reactive hydroxyl (OH)
      radicals. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping technique using
      alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) as the spin-trap has been applied to
      detect this intermediate by trapping the methyl and methoxy radicals generated
      upon reaction of the hydroxyl radical with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The free
      radicals formed in this system proceed via oxygen reduction and not via the
      reaction of holes on the TiO(2) surface. As compared with pure carotenoids,
      carotenoid-arabinogalactan complexes exhibit an enhanced quantum yield of free
      radicals and stability toward photodegradation. The observed enhancement of the
      photocatalytic efficiency for carotenoid complexes, as measured by the quantum
      yield of the desired spin adducts, arises specifically from the decrease in the
      rate constant for the back electron transfer to the carotenoid radical cation.
      These results are important for a variety of TiO(2) applications, namely, in
      photodynamic therapy, and in the design of artificial light-harvesting,
      photoredox, and catalytic devices.

PMID- 19968317
TI  - Rotation of water molecules and its relation with the chemistry and physics of
      liquid water.
AB  - The literature values of the limiting ionic conductivities of H(+), OH(-), K(+),
      Cl(-), Ag(+), and Na(+) in water between 0 and 156 degrees C are analyzed as for
      the two possible mechanisms of conduction, i.e., controlled by an activation
      process or by the rotation of the water molecules. Plots of the data versus
      T(1/2) give straight lines for H(+) and OH(-), which supports the rotation
      control mechanism for these ions. The other ions give curved plots and therefore
      are investigated in terms of the activation control mechanism. A remarkable
      phenomenon is discovered, namely, that except for H(+), the graphs for the other
      ions on extrapolation to lower temperatures have a common intersection point,
      T(0)(1/2), with the abscissa corresponding to T(0) = 243.4 K, i.e., -30 degrees
      C. This seems to indicate the presence of a virtual phase transition at about -30
      degrees C, foreboding itself at higher temperatures. Below this temperature the
      supercooled water does not allow ions to migrate. Also, diffusion of solutes is
      found to cease, and dissociation constants drop to zero. The values of many
      physical properties of water appear also to approach zero at -30 degrees C, viz.
      the self-diffusion coefficient, reciprocal dielectric relaxation time, and
      solubilities of sparingly soluble salts. From data on the fluidity (reciprocal
      viscosity) and self-ionization constant it follows that the transition
      temperature of supercooled D(2)O is 9 degrees higher than of H(2)O. From the
      nearly quadratic shape of the several temperature dependencies it is inferred
      that the phase transition in question possibly is of some higher order.
      Implications for the transport number of protons to be expected in supercooled
      water are finally discussed.

PMID- 19968318
TI  - Design of an organic zeolite toward the selective adsorption of small molecules
      at the dispersion corrected density functional theory level.
AB  - Tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) became the compound of choice to
      investigate the structural features of organic zeolites and their potential
      applications as soft materials. A van der Waals crystal of the TPP analogue
      (host) with the thiophene side fragment tris(3,4
      thiophenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TTP) was designed to investigate the
      selective adsorption among some common gases (guest): methane (CH(4)), carbon
      dioxide (CO(2)), nitrogen (N(2)), or hydrogen (H(2)). The crystal structure of
      TTP was modeled by applying minimization methods using the COMPASS (condensed
      phase optimized molecular potentials for atomic simulation studies) force field.
      Interaction energies and structural properties of van der Waals complexes of the
      crystal of TTP and gas molecules were studied using the dispersion corrected
      density functional theory (DFT-D). The proper functional and basis set were
      selected after comparing with benchmark data of the coupled-cluster calculations
      with singles, doubles, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] estimated at
      the complete basis set (CBS) limit. On the basis of our results, the interaction
      energy between the host and the guest molecules was predicted in the increasing
      order of host-H(2) << host-N(2) < host-CH(4) < host-CO(2), suggesting the
      designed TTP is a good candidate as an organic zeolite for potential fuel
      storage, hydrogen purification, carbon dioxide removal from the air, as well as
      safety care in a coal mine.

PMID- 19968319
TI  - A computational chemistry study on friction of h-MoS(2). Part I. Mechanism of
      single sheet lubrication.
AB  - In this work, we theoretically investigated the friction mechanism of hexagonal
      MoS(2) (a well-known lamellar compound) using a computational chemistry method.
      First, we determined several parameters for molecular dynamics simulations via
      accurate quantum chemistry calculations and MoS(2) and MoS(2-x)O(x) structures
      were successfully reproduced. We also show that the simulated Raman spectrum and
      peak shift on X-ray diffraction patterns were in good agreement with those of
      experiment. The atomic interactions between MoS(2) sheets were studied by using a
      hybrid quantum chemical/classical molecular dynamics method. We found that the
      predominant interaction between two sulfur layers in different MoS(2) sheets was
      Coulombic repulsion, which directly affects the MoS(2) lubrication. MoS(2) sheets
      adsorbed on a nascent iron substrate reduced friction further due to much larger
      Coulombic repulsive interactions. Friction for the oxygen-containing MoS(2)
      sheets was influenced by not only the Coulomb repulsive interaction but also the
      atomic-scale roughness of the MoS(2)/MoS(2) sliding interface.

PMID- 19968320
TI  - Synthesis, texture, and photoluminescence of lanthanide-containing chitosan
      silica hybrids.
AB  - Three different types of photoluminescent hybrid materials containing trivalent
      lanthanide (Ln(3+) = Eu(3+), Tb(3+)) ions, chitosan, and silica have been
      prepared with different structural features. The different silica sources lead to
      diverse microstructures of hybrid materials, with silica being homogeneously
      dispersed in the chitosan materials (LnChS-H), or forming a core-shell
      morphology. Postsynthesis treatment is necessary for embedding the luminescent
      probe. The Ln(3+)-based materials have been investigated by photoluminescence
      spectroscopy (12-300 K). The chitosan-Eu(3+)-related local environment is
      maintained in the EuChS-H hybrid material. The emission features of the core
      shell materials are characterized by the presence of two Eu(3+) distinct local
      environments, one associated with the chitosan core and the other with the silica
      shell.

PMID- 19968321
TI  - Dynamic kinetic resolution during a vinylogous Payne rearrangement: a concise
      synthesis of the polar pharmacophoric subunit of (+)-scyphostatin.
AB  - The diastereomeric epoxycyclohexenols 3a/b (obtained via a Wharton rearrangement
      of a bis-epoxycyclohexanone precursor) were shown to undergo interconversion via
      a facile vinylogous Payne rearrangement. Mechanistic issues were probed; the
      doubly O-deuterated analogues underwent this equilibration more slowly than the
      parent dihydroxy compounds. It was possible to kinetically resolve the mixture of
      3a/b under equilibrating conditions by use of Amano PS. This DKR is additionally
      noteworthy because it sets four stereocenters in a single event.

PMID- 19968322
TI  - Influence of seeding density and extracellular matrix on bile Acid transport and
      mrp4 expression in sandwich-cultured mouse hepatocytes.
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine the influence of seeding density,
      extracellular matrix and days in culture on bile acid transport proteins and
      hepatobiliary disposition of the model bile acid taurocholate. Mouse hepatocytes
      were cultured in a sandwich configuration on six-well Biocoat plates with an
      overlay of Matrigel (BC/MG) or gelled-collagen (BC/GC) for 3 or 4 days at seeding
      densities of 1.0, 1.25, or 1.5 x 10(6) cells/well. The lower seeding densities of
      1.0 and 1.25 x 10(6) cells/well resulted in good hepatocyte morphology and bile
      canalicular network formation, as visualized by 5-(and 6)-carboxy-2',7'
      dichlorofluorescein accumulation. In general, taurocholate cellular accumulation
      tended to increase as a function of seeding density in BC/GC; cellular
      accumulation was significantly increased in hepatocytes cultured in BC/MG
      compared to BC/GC at the same seeding density on both days 3 and 4 of culture. In
      general, in vitro intrinsic biliary clearance of taurocholate was increased at
      higher seeding densities. Levels of bile acid transport proteins on days 3 and 4
      were not markedly influenced by seeding density or extracellular matrix except
      for multidrug resistance protein 4 (Mrp4), which was inversely related to seeding
      density. Mrp4 levels decreased approximately 2- to 3-fold between seeding
      densities of 1.0 x 10(6) and 1.25 x 10(6) cells/well regardless of extracellular
      matrix; an additional approximately 3- to 5-fold decrease in Mrp4 protein was
      noted in BC/GC between seeding densities of 1.25 x 10(6) and 1.5 x 10(6)
      cells/well. Results suggest that seeding density, extracellular matrix and days
      in culture profoundly influence Mrp4 expression in sandwich-cultured mouse
      hepatocytes. Primary mouse hepatocytes seeded in a BC/MG configuration at
      densities of 1.25 x 10(6) cells/well and 1.0 x 10(6), and cultured for 3 days,
      yielded optimal transport based on the probes studied. This work demonstrates the
      applicability of the sandwich-cultured model to mouse hepatocytes.

PMID- 19968324
TI  - Anionic liposomes increase the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to
      coxsackie-adenovirus receptor deficient cells.
AB  - Despite remarkable progress in the research of both viral and nonviral gene
      delivery vectors, the drawbacks in each delivery system have limited their
      clinical applications. Therefore, one of the concepts for developing novel
      vectors is to overcome the limitations of individual vectors by combining them.
      In the current study, adenoviral vectors were formulated with anionic liposomes
      to protect them from neutralizing antibodies and to improve their transduction
      efficiency in Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) deficient cells. A calcium
      induced phase change method was applied to encapsulate adenovirus 5 (Ad5) into
      anionic liposomes to formulate the complexes of Ad5 and anionic liposomes (Ad5
      AL). Meanwhile, the complexes of Ad5 and cationic liposomes (Ad5-CL) were also
      prepared as controls. LacZ gene expression in CAR overexpressing cells (A549) and
      CAR deficient cells (CHO and MDCK) was measured by either qualitative or
      quantitative detection. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to
      determine intracellular location of Ad5 after their infection. Human sera with a
      high titer of antiadenovirus antibody were used to assess the neutralizing
      antibody protection ability of the complexed vectors. Accompanying the enhanced
      gene expression, a high ability to introduce Ad5 into cytoplasm and nucleus
      mediated by Ad5-AL was also observed in CAR deficient cells. Additionally,
      antibody neutralizing assay indicated that neutralizing serum inhibited naked Ad5
      and Ad5-CL at rather higher dilution than Ad5-AL, which demonstrated Ad5-AL was
      more capable of protecting Ad5 from neutralizing than Ad5-CL. In conclusion,
      anionic liposomes prepared by the calcium-induced phase change method could
      significantly enhance the transduction ability of Ad5 in CAR deficient cells.

PMID- 19968323
TI  - Intracellular delivery of a proapoptotic peptide via conjugation to a RAFT
      synthesized endosomolytic polymer.
AB  - Peptides derived from the third B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) homology domain (BH3)
      can heterodimerize with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members to block their
      activity and trigger apoptosis. Use of these peptides presents a viable
      anticancer approach, but delivery barriers limit the broad application of
      intracellular-acting peptides as clinical therapeutics. Here, a novel diblock
      copolymer carrier is described that confers desirable pharmaceutical properties
      to intracellular-acting therapeutic peptides through site-specific molecular
      conjugation. This polymer was prepared using reversible addition-fragmentation
      chain transfer (RAFT) to form a pyridyl disulfide end-functionalized, modular
      diblock copolymer with precisely controlled molecular weight (M(n)) and low
      polydispersity (PDI). The diblock polymer (M(n) 19,000 g/mol, PDI 1.27) was
      composed of an N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) first block (M(n) 13,800
      g/mol, PDI 1.13) intended to enhance water solubility and circulation time. The
      second polymer block was a pH-responsive composition designed to enhance
      endosomal escape and consisted of equimolar quantities of dimethylaminoethyl
      methacrylate (DMAEMA), propylacrylic acid (PAA), and butyl methacrylate (BMA). A
      hemolysis assay indicated that the diblock polymer undergoes a physiologically
      relevant pH-dependent switch from a membrane inert (1% hemolysis, pH 7.4) to a
      membrane disruptive (61% hemolysis, pH 5.8) conformation. Thiol-disulfide
      exchange reactions were found to efficiently produce reversible polymer
      conjugates (75 mol % peptide reactivity with polymer) with a cell-internalized
      proapoptotic peptide. Microscopy studies showed that peptide delivered via
      polymer conjugates effectively escaped endosomes and achieved diffusion into the
      cytosol. Peptide-polymer conjugates also produced significantly increased
      apoptotic activity over peptide alone in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells as found
      using flow cytometric measurements of mitochondrial membrane depolarization (2.5
      fold increase) and cell viability tests that showed 50% cytotoxicity after 6 h of
      treatment with 10 muM peptide conjugate. These results indicate that this
      multifunctional carrier shows significant promise for proapoptotic peptide cancer
      therapeutics and also as a general platform for delivery of peptide drugs with
      intracellular targets.

PMID- 19968326
TI  - A P4-ATPase protein interaction network reveals a link between aminophospholipid
      transport and phosphoinositide metabolism.
AB  - High-throughput analysis of protein-protein interactions can provide
      unprecedented insight into how cellular processes are integrated at the molecular
      level. Yet membrane proteins are often overlooked in these studies owing to their
      hydrophobic nature and low abundance. Here we used a proteomics-based strategy
      with the specific intention of identifying membrane-associated protein complexes.
      One important aspect of our approach is the use of chemical cross-linking to
      capture transient and low-affinity protein interactions that occur in living
      cells prior to cell lysis. We applied this method to identify binding partners of
      the yeast Golgi P(4)-ATPase Drs2p, a member of a conserved family of putative
      aminophospholipid transporters. Drs2p was endogeneously tagged with both a
      polyhistidine and a biotinylation peptide, allowing tandem-affinity purification
      of Drs2p-containing protein complexes under highly stringent conditions. Mass
      spectrometric analysis of isolated complexes yielded one known and nine novel
      Drs2p binding partners. Binding specificity was verified by an orthogonal in vivo
      membrane protein interaction assay, confirming the efficacy of our method.
      Strikingly, three of the novel Drs2p interactors are involved in phosphoinositide
      metabolism. One of these, the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphatase Sac1p, also
      displays genetic interactions with Drs2p. Together, these findings suggest that
      aminophospholipid transport and phosphoinositide metabolism are interconnected at
      the Golgi.

PMID- 19968325
TI  - Regulation of intracellular signaling by extracellular glycan remodeling.
AB  - The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is coated with carbohydrates. By virtue
      of their extracellular position and recognizable chemical features, cell surface
      glycans mediate many receptor-ligand interactions. Recently, mammalian
      extracellular hydrolytic enzymes have been shown to modify the structure of cell
      surface glycans and consequently alter their binding properties. These cell
      surface glycan remodeling events can cause rapid changes in critical signal
      transduction phenomena. This Review highlights recent studies on the roles of
      eukaryotic extracellular sialidases, sulfatases, and a deacetylase in regulation
      of intracellular signaling. We also describe possible therapies that target
      extracellular glycan remodeling processes and discuss the potential for new
      discoveries in this area.

PMID- 19968327
TI  - Analyzing the hydrophobic proteome of the antarctic archaeon Methanococcoides
      burtonii using differential solubility fractionation.
AB  - Proteomic studies have proven useful for studying the Antarctic archaeon
      Methanococcoides burtonii; however, little has been learned about the hydrophobic
      and membrane proteins, despite knowledge of their biological importance. In this
      study, new methods were developed to analyze and maximize the coverage of the
      hydrophobic proteome. Central to the analysis was a differential solubility
      fractionation (DSF) procedure using n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The study
      achieved a significant increase (330) in the total number of known expressed
      proteins. From 612 identified, 185 were predicted to contain transmembrane
      domains or be associated with the membrane and 190 to be hydrophobic. The DSF
      procedure increased the efficacy of identifying membrane proteins by up to 169%
      and was economical, requiring far fewer runs (12% of machine time) to analyze the
      proteome compared to procedures without DSF. The analysis of peptide spectral
      counts enabled the assessment of growth temperature specific proteins. This
      semiquantitative analysis was particularly useful for identifying low abundance
      proteins unable to be quantified using labeling strategies. The proteogenomic
      analysis of the newly identified proteins revealed many cellular processes not
      previously associated with adaptation of the cell. This DSF-based approach is
      likely to benefit proteomic analyses of hydrophobic proteins for a broad range of
      biological systems.

PMID- 19968328
TI  - Characterization of urinary biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma using magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy in a Nigerian population.
AB  - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary hepatic malignancy
      worldwide. Current serum diagnostic biomarkers, such as alpha-fetoprotein, are
      expensive and insensitive in early tumor diagnosis. Urinary biomarkers
      differentiating HCC from chronic liver disease would be practical and widely
      applicable. Using an 11.7T nuclear magnetic resonance system, urine was analyzed
      from three well-matched subject groups, collected at Jos University Teaching
      Hospital (JUTH), Nigeria. Multivariate factor analyses were performed using
      principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant
      analysis (PLS-DA). All patients were of Nigerian descent: 18 hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients with HCC, 10 HBsAg positive patients with
      cirrhosis, and 15 HBsAg negative healthy Nigerian controls. HCC patients were
      distinguished from healthy controls, and from the cirrhosis cohort, with
      sensitivity/specificity of 100%/93% and 89.5%/88.9%, respectively. Metabolites
      that most strongly contributed to the multivariate models were creatinine,
      carnitine, creatine and acetone. Urinary (1)H MRS with multivariate statistical
      analysis was able to differentiate patients with HCC from normal subjects and
      patients with cirrhosis. Creatinine, carnitine, creatine and acetone were
      identified as the most influential metabolites. These findings have identified
      candidate urinary HCC biomarkers which have potential to be developed as simple
      urinary screening tests for the clinic.

PMID- 19968329
TI  - Charge transfer by electronic excitation: Direct measurement by high resolution
      spectroscopy in the gas phase.
AB  - We report a quantitative measurement of the amount of charge that is transferred
      when the single ammonia complex of the photoacid beta-naphthol (2HNA) is excited
      by light. The measurement was made by comparing the permanent electric dipole
      moments of cis-2HNA in its ground (S(0)) and excited (S(1)) states, determined by
      Stark-effect studies of its fully resolved S(1)<--S(0) electronic spectrum. While
      the increase in electron transfer from the donor (NH(3)) to the acceptor (2HN)
      upon excitation is small ( approximately 0.05e), it is sufficient to redshift the
      electronic spectrum of the complex by approximately 600 cm(-1) ( approximately
      0.1 eV). Thereby explored is the incipient motion of the acid-base complex along
      the excited state (electron-coupled) proton transfer coordinate.

PMID- 19968330
TI  - Continuum remover-complex absorbing potential: Efficient removal of the
      nonphysical stabilization points.
AB  - By adding a negative imaginary potential of variable strength eta to the
      Hamiltonian, the resonance state of a system can be found as complex energy
      stabilized points in the eta-trajectories of the eigenvalues. One problem that
      arises in practical calculations is the appearance of nonphysical complex energy
      stabilized points. A new method for separating the physical from the nonphysical
      complex energy stabilized points is proposed. The method is best illustrated with
      strongly correlated two-electron systems.

PMID- 19968331
TI  - Resolution of identity approximation for the Coulomb term in molecular and
      periodic systems.
AB  - A new formulation of resolution of identity approximation for the Coulomb term is
      presented, which uses atom-centered basis and auxiliary basis functions and
      treats molecular and periodic systems of any dimensionality on an equal footing.
      It relies on the decomposition of an auxiliary charge density into charged and
      chargeless components. Applying the Coulomb metric under periodic boundary
      conditions constrains the explicit form of the charged part. The chargeless
      component is determined variationally and converged Coulomb lattice sums needed
      for its determination are obtained using chargeless linear combinations of
      auxiliary basis functions. The lattice sums are partitioned in near- and far
      field portions which are treated through an analytical integration scheme
      employing two- and three-center electron repulsion integrals and multipole
      expansions, respectively, operating exclusively in real space. Our preliminary
      implementation within the TURBOMOLE program package demonstrates consistent
      accuracy of the method across molecular and periodic systems. Using common
      auxiliary basis sets the errors of the approximation are small, in average about
      20 muhartree per atom, for both molecular and periodic systems.

PMID- 19968332
TI  - Effective medium approach for heterogeneous reaction-diffusion media.
AB  - An effective medium theory that can be used to calculate effective diffusion and
      reaction rate coefficients in random heterogeneous reaction-diffusion systems is
      described. The predictions of the theory are compared with simulations of
      spatially distributed media with different types of heterogeneity. The magnitude
      of the front velocity in bistable media is used to gauge the accuracy of the
      theoretical predictions. Quantitative agreement is found if the diffusion length
      in the heterogeneities is large compared to the characteristic width of the
      front. However, for small diffusion lengths the agreement depends on the type of
      heterogeneity. The effective medium predictions are also compared with
      simulations on systems with regular or temporal disorder.

PMID- 19968333
TI  - Accurate dipole polarizabilities for water clusters n=2-12 at the coupled-cluster
      level of theory and benchmarking of various density functionals.
AB  - The static dipole polarizabilities of water clusters (2<or=N<or=12) are
      determined at the coupled-cluster level of theory (CCSD). For the dipole
      polarizability of the water monomer it was determined that the role of the basis
      set is more important than that of electron correlation and that the basis set
      augmentation converges with two sets of diffuse functions. The CCSD results are
      used to benchmark a variety of density functionals while the performance of
      several families of basis sets (Dunning, Pople, and Sadlej) in producing accurate
      values for the polarizabilities was also examined. The Sadlej family of basis
      sets was found to produce accurate results when compared to the ones obtained
      with the much larger Dunning basis sets. It was furthermore determined that the
      PBE0 density functional with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set produces overall
      remarkably accurate polarizabilities at a moderate computational cost.

PMID- 19968334
TI  - An accurate model potential for alkali neon systems.
AB  - We present a detailed investigation of the ground and lowest excited states of M
      Ne dimers, for M=Li, Na, and K. We show that the potential energy curves of these
      Van der Waals dimers can be obtained accurately by considering the alkali neon
      systems as one-electron systems. Following previous authors, the model describes
      the evolution of the alkali valence electron in the combined potentials of the
      alkali and neon cores by means of core polarization pseudopotentials. The key
      parameter for an accurate model is the M(+)-Ne potential energy curve, which was
      obtained by means of ab initio CCSD(T) calculation using a large basis set. For
      each MNe dimer, a systematic comparison with ab initio computation of the
      potential energy curve for the X, A, and B states shows the remarkable accuracy
      of the model. The vibrational analysis and the comparison with existing
      experimental data strengthens this conclusion and allows for a precise assignment
      of the vibrational levels.

PMID- 19968336
TI  - Ring-polymer molecular dynamics rate-theory in the deep-tunneling regime:
      Connection with semiclassical instanton theory.
AB  - We demonstrate that the ring-polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) method is
      equivalent to an automated and approximate implementation of the "Im F" version
      of semiclassical instanton theory when used to calculate reaction rates in the
      deep-tunneling regime. This explains why the RPMD method is often reliable in
      this regime and also shows how it can be systematically improved. The geometry of
      the beads at the transition state on the ring-polymer potential surface describes
      a finite-difference approximation to the "instanton" trajectory (a periodic orbit
      in imaginary time beta variant Planck's over 2pi on the inverted potential
      surface). The deep-tunneling RPMD rate is an approximation to the rate obtained
      by applying classical transition-state theory (TST) in ring-polymer phase-space
      using the optimal dividing surface; this TST rate is in turn an approximation to
      a free-energy version of the Im F instanton rate. The optimal dividing surface is
      in general a function of several modes of the ring polymer, which explains why
      centroid-based quantum-TSTs break down at low temperatures for asymmetric
      reaction barriers. Numerical tests on one-dimensional models show that the RPMD
      rate tends to overestimate deep-tunneling rates for asymmetric barriers and
      underestimate them for symmetric barriers, and we explain that this is likely to
      be a general trend. The ability of the RPMD method to give a dividing-surface
      independent rate in the deep-tunneling regime is shown to be a consequence of
      setting the bead-masses equal to the physical mass.

PMID- 19968335
TI  - Introducing sampling entropy in repository based adaptive umbrella sampling.
AB  - Determining free energy surfaces along chosen reaction coordinates is a common
      and important task in simulating complex systems. Due to the complexity of energy
      landscapes and the existence of high barriers, one widely pursued objective to
      develop efficient simulation methods is to achieve uniform sampling among
      thermodynamic states of interest. In this work, we have demonstrated sampling
      entropy (SE) as an excellent indicator for uniform sampling as well as for the
      convergence of free energy simulations. By introducing SE and the concentration
      theorem into the biasing-potential-updating scheme, we have further improved the
      adaptivity, robustness, and applicability of our recently developed repository
      based adaptive umbrella sampling (RBAUS) approach [H. Zheng and Y. Zhang, J.
      Chem. Phys. 128, 204106 (2008)]. Besides simulations of one dimensional free
      energy profiles for various systems, the generality and efficiency of this new
      RBAUS-SE approach have been further demonstrated by determining two dimensional
      free energy surfaces for the alanine dipeptide in gas phase as well as in water.

PMID- 19968337
TI  - Single-molecule photon emission statistics for systems with explicit time
      dependence: Generating function approach.
AB  - Generating function calculations are extended to allow for laser pulse envelopes
      of arbitrary shape in numerical applications. We investigate photon emission
      statistics for two-level and V- and Lambda-type three-level systems under time
      dependent excitation. Applications relevant to electromagnetically induced
      transparency and photon emission from single quantum dots are presented.

PMID- 19968338
TI  - A singularity free surface hopping expansion for the multistate wave function.
AB  - A version of a surface hopping wave function for nonadiabatic multistate
      problems, which is free of turning point singularities, is derived and tested.
      The primitive semiclassical form of the particular surface hopping method
      considered has been shown to be highly accurate, even for classically forbidden
      processes. However, this semiclassical wave function displays the usual singular
      behavior at turning points and caustics in the classical motion. Numerical data
      has shown that this somewhat reduces its accuracy when the energy is near the
      crossing energy of the diabatic electronic surfaces. The singularity free version
      of this surface hopping wave function is derived by partitioning the x-axis into
      a large number of small steps for one dimensional problems. The adiabatic
      electronic energy surfaces are approximated to be linear functions within each
      step. The matching conditions required by the continuity of the wave function and
      its derivative at each step boundary provide the needed conditions to obtain the
      amplitudes for changes in electronic state and/or reflection of the trajectory
      for the motion of the nuclei. This leads to a form of the surface hopping wave
      function that is free of turning point singularities. The method is tested for a
      one dimensional model problem, and it is found to be highly accurate at all
      energies considered, even when the energy is near the crossing energy.

PMID- 19968339
TI  - A selective integrated tempering method.
AB  - In this paper, based on the integrated tempering sampling we introduce a
      selective integrated tempering sampling (SITS) method for the efficient
      conformation sampling and thermodynamics calculations for a subsystem in a large
      one, such as biomolecules solvated in aqueous solutions. By introducing a
      potential surface scaled with temperature, the sampling over the configuration
      space of interest (e.g., the solvated biomolecule) is selectively enhanced but
      the rest of the system (e.g., the solvent) stays largely unperturbed. The
      applications of this method to biomolecular systems allow highly efficient
      sampling over both energy and configuration spaces of interest. Comparing to the
      popular and powerful replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD), the method
      presented in this paper is significantly more efficient in yielding relevant
      thermodynamics quantities (such as the potential of mean force for biomolecular
      conformational changes in aqueous solutions). It is more important that SITS but
      not REMD yielded results that are consistent with the traditional umbrella
      sampling free energy calculations when explicit solvent model is used since SITS
      avoids the sampling of the irrelevant phase space (such as the boiling water at
      high temperatures).

PMID- 19968340
TI  - Absolute free energies and equilibrium ensembles of dense fluids computed from a
      nondynamic growth method.
AB  - We demonstrate a nondynamical Monte Carlo method to compute free energies and
      generate equilibrium ensembles of dense fluids. In this method, based on step-by
      step polymer growth algorithms, an ensemble of n+1 particles is obtained from an
      ensemble of n particles by generating configurations of the n+1st particle. A
      statistically rigorous resampling scheme is utilized to remove configurations
      with low weights and to avoid a combinatorial explosion; the free energy is
      obtained from the sum of the weights. In addition to the free energy, the method
      generates an equilibrium ensemble of the full system. We consider two different
      system sizes for a Lennard-Jones fluid and compare the results with conventional
      Monte Carlo methods.

PMID- 19968341
TI  - Hierarchical quantum master equation with semiclassical Drude dissipation.
AB  - We propose a nonperturbative quantum dissipation theory, in term of hierarchical
      quantum master equation, which may be used with a great degree of confidence to
      various dynamics systems in condensed phases. The theoretical development is
      rooted in an improved semiclassical treatment of Drude bath, beyond the
      conventional high temperature approximations. It leads to the new theory a simple
      but important improvement over the conventional stochastic Liouville equation
      theory, without extra numerical cost. Its broad range of validity and
      applicability is extensively demonstrated with two-level electron transfer model
      systems, where the new theory can be considered as the modified Zusman equation.
      Criterion is also proposed to estimate the performance of the hierarchical
      quantum master equation.

PMID- 19968342
TI  - Backward stimulated Bragg scattering in multiphoton active CdTe(x)Se(1-x) quantum
      dots system.
AB  - The backward stimulated Bragg scattering (SBgS) of CdTe(x)Se(1-x) quantum dots in
      chloroform is investigated at three pump laser wavelengths (532, 816, and 1064
      nm) in nanosecond regime. The spectral and temporal structures of the backward
      stimulated scattering and pump threshold dependence on the concentration are
      presented in this paper. The energy conversion efficiency from input pump pulse
      to SBgS pulse was measured to be >or=14%. In addition, the samples exhibit multi-
      (two-, three-)photon absorption capability over the spectral range we
      investigated. More importantly, both mechanisms of SBgS and multiphoton
      absorption provided an enhanced optical limiting performance. The measured
      nonlinear transmissivity was changed from approximately 0.73 to approximately
      0.17 for 532 nm laser pulses and from approximately 0.9 to approximately 0.35 for
      816 nm laser pulses when the input pulse energy was changed from 10 to
      approximately 1500 microJ.

PMID- 19968343
TI  - Photoabsorption spectra of small cationic xenon clusters from time-dependent
      density functional theory.
AB  - Upon ionization, rare-gas (like Ar and Xe) clusters shift their absorption
      spectrum from the ultraviolet to the visible. This happens as bonding becomes
      much stronger due to the removal of an electron from a strongly antibonding
      orbital. In this article, we study the absorption spectrum of small cationic
      xenon clusters (Xe(n) (+), with n=3,...,35) by means of time-dependent density
      functional theory. These calculations include relativistic effects through the
      use of relativistic j-dependent pseudopotentials in a two-spinor formulation of
      the Kohn-Sham equations. The peak positions in our calculated spectra are in
      fairly good agreement with experiment and confirm that absorption is mainly due
      to a charged linear core composed of 3, 4, or 5 Xe atoms where the positive
      charge is localized. However, we find large deviations concerning the oscillator
      strengths, which can be partially explained by the unsatisfactory treatment of
      exchange in common density functionals. Furthermore, we find that adequate ground
      state geometries are necessary for the correct prediction of the qualitative
      features of the spectra.

PMID- 19968344
TI  - A conformational and vibrational study of CF(3)COSCH(2)CH(3).
AB  - The molecular structure and conformational properties of S-ethyl
      trifluorothioacetate, CF(3)COSCH(2)CH(3), were determined in the gas phase by
      electron diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman). The
      experimental investigations were supplemented by ab initio (Moller Plesset of
      second order) and density functional theory quantum chemical calculations at
      different levels of theory. Both experimental and theoretical methods reveal two
      structures with C(s) (anti, anti) and C(1) (anti, gauche) symmetries, although
      there are disagreements about which is more stable. The electron diffraction
      intensities are best interpreted with a mixture of 51(3)% anti, anti and 49(3)%
      anti, gauche conformers. This conformational preference was studied using the
      total energy scheme and the natural bond orbital scheme. In addition, the
      infrared spectra of CF(3)COSCH(2)CH(3) are reported for the gas, liquid and solid
      phases as well as the Raman spectrum of the liquid. Using calculated frequencies
      as a guide, evidence for both C(s) and C(1) structures is obtained in the IR
      spectra. Harmonic vibrational frequencies and scaled force fields have been
      calculated for both conformers.

PMID- 19968345
TI  - The elastic constants and related properties of the epsilon polymorph of the
      energetic material CL-20 determined by Brillouin scattering.
AB  - The acoustic phonons of the epsilon polymorph of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro
      2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.0.0(5,9).0(3,11)] dodecane (epsilon-CL-20)
      have been studied using Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. Analysis of the
      acoustic phonon velocities allowed determination of the complete stiffness tensor
      for this energetic material. The results are compared to a theoretical
      determination of the epsilon-CL-20 elastic constants, bulk moduli, and shear
      moduli. The observed ordering of elastic constants, C(22)>C(33)>C(11), is noted
      to be different from other nitramine energetic materials. Finally, the elasticity
      of epsilon-CL-20 is compared to recently published reports on cyclotrimethylene
      trinitramine's (RDX) elasticity and the beta polymorph of cyclotetramethylene
      tetranitramine's (beta-HMX) elasticity.

PMID- 19968346
TI  - Two-dimensional femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy: Observation of
      cascading Raman signals in acetonitrile.
AB  - A new methodology for two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy-termed two-dimensional
      femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (2D-FSRS)-is presented and experimental
      results for acetonitrile are discussed. 2D-FSRS can potentially observe molecular
      anharmonicity by measuring the modulation of the frequency of a probed Raman
      mode, at frequency omega(hi), by the coherent motion of an impulsively driven
      mode, at frequency omega(low). In acetonitrile, the signal is generated by
      driving the CCN bend (379 cm(-1)) and CC stretch (920 cm(-1)) into coherence via
      impulsive stimulated Raman scattering and subsequently probing the stimulated
      Raman spectrum of the CC stretch, the CN stretch (2250 cm(-1)) and the CH stretch
      (2942 cm(-1)). The resultant signal can be generated by two alternative
      mechanisms: a fifth-order Raman process that would directly probe anharmonic
      coupling between the two modes, or a third-order cascade in which a third-order
      coherent Raman process produces a field that goes on to participate in a third
      order stimulated Raman transition. The third-order cascade is shown to dominate
      the 2D-FSRS spectrum as determined by comparison with the predicted magnitude of
      the two signals, the 2D spectrum of a mixed isotope experiment, and the
      concentration dependence of the signal. In acetonitrile, theoretical calculations
      of the vibrational anharmonicity indicate that the third-order cascade signal
      should be 10(4) times larger than the fifth-order Raman signal. 2D-FSRS signals
      are observed between acetonitrile's CCN bend, of E symmetry, and several
      different A(1) modes but are forbidden by symmetry in the fifth-order pathway. A
      2D-FSRS spectrum of a 50:50 mixture of acetonitrile and d(3)-acetonitrile shows
      equivalent intensity for intramolecular coupling peaks and intermolecular
      coupling peaks, indicating that the observed signal cannot be probing molecular
      anharmonicity. Finally, the magnitudes of the 2D-FSRS peaks are observed to be
      proportional to the square of the number density, supporting the cascade
      mechanism.

PMID- 19968347
TI  - On violations of Le Chatelier's principle for a temperature change in small
      systems observed for short times.
AB  - Le Chatelier's principle states that when a system is disturbed, it will shift
      its equilibrium to counteract the disturbance. However for a chemical reaction in
      a small, confined system, the probability of observing it proceed in the opposite
      direction to that predicted by Le Chatelier's principle, can be significant. This
      work gives a molecular level proof of Le Chatelier's principle for the case of a
      temperature change. Moreover, a new, exact mathematical expression is derived
      that is valid for arbitrary system sizes and gives the relative probability that
      a single experiment will proceed in the endothermic or exothermic direction, in
      terms of a microscopic phase function. We show that the average of the time
      integral of this function is the maximum possible value of the purely
      irreversible entropy production for the thermal relaxation process. Our result is
      tested against computer simulations of the unfolding of a polypeptide. We prove
      that any equilibrium reaction mixture on average responds to a temperature
      increase by shifting its point of equilibrium in the endothermic direction.

PMID- 19968348
TI  - Analytical energy gradient for reference interaction site model self-consistent
      field explicitly including spatial electron density distribution.
AB  - Analytical energy gradient formula was derived for reference interaction site
      model self-consistent field explicitly including spatial electron density
      distribution (RISM-SCF-SEDD). RISM-SCF-SEDD is a combination method of ab initio
      electronic structure theory and statistical mechanics for molecular liquids [D.
      Yokogawa et al., J. Chem. Phys. 126, 244504 (2007)]. As shown previously, RISM
      SCF-SEDD is numerically stable and has expanded the applicability of the
      solvation theory. The energy gradient is an indispensable tool to compute
      molecular geometry and its implementation further extends the capability of RISM
      SCF-SEDD. The present method was applied to chemical systems in aqueous solution;
      hydration structure and geometry of phosphate anion PO(4) (3-) and
      tautomerization between 2-pyridone and 2-hydroxypyridine. Compared to available
      experimental data, the present method correctly reproduced the geometries and
      relative energies of solvated molecules with microscopic solvent distribution. It
      is clearly shown that highly sophisticated quantum chemical calculation such as
      coupled cluster with single and double and perturbative triple excitations
      coupled with solvation effect is a powerful tool to accurately evaluate molecular
      properties.

PMID- 19968349
TI  - Hydrogen storage capacity of C(60)(OM)(12) (M=Li and Na) clusters.
AB  - By using density functional theory, the hydrogen storage capacity of
      C(60)(OM)(12) (M=Li and Na) clusters has been studied. The atomic charge transfer
      process has been analyzed to explain the reason why H(2) molecules can be
      attracted. Through our calculation, we found that C(60)(OM)(12) (M=Li and Na)
      possesses an adequate hydrogen binding energy which is suitable for practical
      storage usage at ambient temperature. When these clusters reach their maximum
      H(2) uptake capacity, the mean hydrogen binding energy is 0.115 eV/H(2) for
      C(60)(OLi)(12)54H(2) and 0.122 eV/H(2) for C(60)(ONa)(12)54H(2) with the
      gravimetric hydrogen percentage of 9.78 and 8.33 wt %, respectively.

PMID- 19968350
TI  - Augmented stability of hydrogen clathrate hydrates by weakly polar molecules.
AB  - Thermodynamic stability of hydrogen clathrate hydrates has been examined in a
      wide range of pressure based solely on the intermolecular interactions involved.
      We show that the stability is indeed augmented by a second guest species (here
      acetone) called a promoter, a consequence of which is notable reduction in the
      dissociation pressure of the hydrates encaging hydrogen alone. This evaluation is
      made by extension of the van der Waals-Platteeuw theory combined with semi-grand
      canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations where the number of hydrogen molecules
      is allowed to vary while those of host water and promoter acetone molecules are
      fixed. The GCMC simulations then provide various types of cage occupancies of
      hydrogen from single to quadruple, from which the chemical potential of water in
      the clathrate hydrate is obtained as a function of the cage occupancy by acetone
      and the pressure. These occupancies are used to calculate the chemical potential
      of water in the clathrate hydrate. The stability is estimated by comparison of
      the chemical potential of water in the clathrate hydrate with that in hexagonal
      ice. We show the extent to which the dissociation pressure is reduced with
      increasing the occupancy of the larger cages by acetone.

PMID- 19968351
TI  - The dynamic formation of low-dimensional inorganic nanotubes by filling carbon
      nanotubes.
AB  - The filling of groups of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a generic molten salt of
      stoichiometry MX is observed using molecular dynamics computer simulation. The
      CNTs are grouped in terms of their diameters. The salt fills the CNTs to yield
      low-dimensional inorganic NT (INT) structures whose morphologies can be
      understood with reference to the folding of a sheet of percolating hexagons. The
      use of a relatively simple model to describe the interatomic interactions allows
      multiple filling events to be observed from the same pressure-temperature state
      point and so permits a rudimentary statistical analysis (often lacking in
      experimental investigation) of the formed INT morphologies in terms of
      fundamental CNT properties. The filling events are characterized in terms of the
      obtained INT morphologies. The thermodynamic and kinetic factors controlling the
      INT formation, including potential control over their morphology, are discussed.
      Kinetics (mechanistic) control is found to be significant compared with entropic
      effects. The role of the CNTs is discussed in terms of behavior as energy
      landscape filters. The results indicate that a complete morphological control
      over INTs formed in this fashion may be problematic even if the encasing CNT
      morphology can be strongly controlled.

PMID- 19968352
TI  - Mechanism of alkane dehydrogenation catalyzed by acidic zeolites: Ab initio
      transition path sampling.
AB  - The dehydrogenation of propane over acidic chabazite has been studied using ab
      initio density-functional simulations in combination with static transition-state
      searches and dynamic transition path sampling (TPS) methods at elevated
      temperatures. The acidic zeolite has been modeled both using a small cluster and
      a large periodic model consisting of two unit cells, the TPS simulations allow to
      account for the effect of temperature and entropy. In agreement with experimental
      observations we find propene as the dominant reaction product and that the
      barrier for the dehydrogenation of a methyl group is higher than that for a
      methylene group. However, whereas all studies based on small cluster models
      (including the present one) conclude that the reaction proceeds via the formation
      of an alkoxy intermediate, our TPS studies based on a large periodic model lead
      to the conclusion that propene formation occurs via the formation of various
      forms of propyl cations stabilized by entropy, while the formation of an alkoxy
      species is a relatively rare event. It was observed only in 15% of the reactive
      trajectories for methyl dehydrogenation and even in only 8% of the methylene
      dehydrogenation reactions. Our studies demonstrate the importance of entropic
      effects and the need to account for the structure and flexibility of the zeolitic
      framework by using large periodic models.

PMID- 19968353
TI  - Rounded stretched exponential for time relaxation functions.
AB  - A rounded stretched exponential function is introduced,
      C(t)=exp{(tau(0)/tau(E))(beta)[1-(1+(t/tau(0))(2))(beta/2)]}, where t is time,
      and tau(0) and tau(E) are two relaxation times. This expression can be used to
      represent the relaxation function of many real dynamical processes, as at long
      times, t>>tau(0), the function converges to a stretched exponential with
      normalizing relaxation time, tau(E), yet its expansion is even or symmetric in
      time, which is a statistical mechanical requirement. This expression fits well
      the shear stress relaxation function for model soft soft-sphere fluids near
      coexistence, with tau(E)<<tau(0). The function gives the correct limits at low
      and high frequency in Cole-Cole plots for dielectric and shear stress relaxation
      (both the modulus and viscosity forms). It is shown that both the dielectric
      spectra and dynamic shear modulus imaginary parts approach the real axis with a
      slope equal to 0 at high frequency, whereas the dynamic viscosity has an infinite
      slope in the same limit. This indicates that inertial effects at high frequency
      are best discerned in the modulus rather than the viscosity Cole-Cole plot. As a
      consequence of the even expansion in time of the shear stress relaxation
      function, the value of the storage modulus derived from it at very high frequency
      exceeds that in the infinite frequency limit (i.e., G(infinity)).

PMID- 19968354
TI  - Coaxial nanocables of codoped double-walled carbon nanotubes.
AB  - The electronic and optical properties of codoped double-walled carbon nanotubes
      (DWNTs), in which nucleophilic atoms (potassium) are adsorbed outside the outer
      tube and electrophilic molecules (NO(2)) are adsorbed inside the inner tube, are
      investigated by density functional theory. It is found that the inner core tube
      is p-type doped and the outer shell tube is n-type doped, forming a radial p-n
      junction of DWNTs. A type-II band energy alignment is formed at the interface of
      two constituting walls of codoped DWNTs. Moreover, optical calculations show that
      the band edge absorption is zero for pristine DWNTs, while it is pronounced for
      the codoped DWNTs. This absorption of codoped DWNTs leads to charge separation in
      the interface of two walls of DWNTs with holes located on core tube while
      electrons located on shell one. The properties of DWNT coaxial nanocables
      demonstrated here can find future applications in electronic and optoelectronic
      devices.

PMID- 19968355
TI  - Radiation damage in biomimetic dye molecules for solar cells.
AB  - A significant obstacle to organic photovoltaics is radiation damage, either
      directly by photochemical reactions or indirectly via hot electrons. Such effects
      are investigated for biomimetic dye molecules for solar cells (phthalocyanines)
      and for a biological analog (the charge transfer protein cytochrome c). Both
      feature a central transition metal atom (or H(2)) surrounded by nitrogen atoms.
      Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy are used to
      identify three types of radiation-induced changes in the electronic structure of
      these molecules. (1) The peptide bonds along the backbone of the protein are
      readily broken, while the nitrogen cage remains rather stable in phthalocyanines.
      This finding suggests minimizing peptide attachments to biologically inspired
      molecules for photovoltaic applications. (2) The metal atom in the protein
      changes its 3d electron configuration under irradiation. (3) The Fermi level E(F)
      shifts relative to the band gap in phthalocyanine films due to radiation-induced
      gap states. This effect has little influence on the optical absorption, but it
      changes the lineup between the energy levels of the absorbing dye and the
      acceptor/donor electrodes that collect the charge carriers in a solar cell.

PMID- 19968356
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of protein/thiolate-protected gold
      nanocluster with "staple" motif: A XAS, L-DOS, and XPS study.
AB  - Following the recent breakthrough of total structural determination of a Au
      thiolate nanocluster [P. Jadzinsky et al., Science 318, 430 (2007)], extensive
      interests have been stimulated to unveil (or revisit) the structure-property
      relationship of various thiolate-Au nanostructures in light of the new finding of
      -SR-(Au-SR)(x)- "staple" motif. Here, we present experimental x-ray absorption
      spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results on the
      local structure and electronic properties of thiolate-protected Au nanocluster
      encapsulated in bovine serum albumin (Au-BSA) together with theoretical
      calculation of projected local density of states (l-DOS) of Au(25)(SR)(18) model
      cluster. Analysis of the Au L(3)-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure
      (EXAFS) of Au-BSA suggested that the nanocluster is Au(25) with Au-thiolate
      "staple" motif. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and Au 4f XPS were
      used to probe the electronic behavior of Au-BSA. The Au d-electron density of Au
      BSA was found to decrease by 0.047 e(-) relative to that of the bulk. A self
      consistent real space Green's function approach implemented in ab initio FEFF8
      program was used to calculate the l-DOS of Au(25)(SR)(18) and other model
      clusters from a site-specific perspective. The theoretical results are in good
      agreement with the experimental d-DOS data of Au-BSA and, importantly,
      systematically illustrate the effect of Au-thiolate "staple" motif on the
      electronic behavior of Au(25)(SR)(18). The present work sheds light on the
      structure-property relationship of thiolate-protected Au(25) from both
      experimental and theoretical perspectives and illustrates the usefulness of XAS/l
      DOS method in such studies.

PMID- 19968357
TI  - The calculation of the static first and second susceptibilities of crystalline
      urea: A comparison of Hartree-Fock and density functional theory results obtained
      with the periodic coupled perturbed Hartree-Fock/Kohn-Sham scheme.
AB  - The static polarizability alpha and first hyperpolarizability beta tensors of
      crystalline urea and the corresponding first-(chi((1))) and second-(chi((2)))
      susceptibilities are calculated and compared to the same quantities obtained for
      the molecule by using the same code (a development version of CRYSTAL), basis
      set, and level of theory. In order to separate geometrical and solid state
      effects, two geometries are considered for the molecule in its planar
      conformation: (i) as cut out from the bulk structure and (ii) fully optimized.
      First, the effect of basis sets on computed properties is explored at the B3LYP
      level by employing basis sets of increasing complexity, from 6-31G(d,p) to 6
      311G(2df,2pd) (Pople's family) and from DZP to QZVPPP (Thakkar/Ahlrichs/Dunning's
      family) on alpha and beta for both the molecule and the bulk. Then, five
      different levels of theory, namely, SVWN (local density approximation), PBE
      (generalized gradient approximation), PBE0 and B3LYP (hybrid), and Hartree-Fock
      are compared in combination with a TZPP basis set. Present results show that
      hybrid methods, in particular, B3LYP, are remarkably successful in predicting
      correctly both the first and second susceptibilities of urea bulk when combined
      at least with a triple-zeta quality basis set containing a double set of
      polarization functions. It is also shown that diffuse functions that are needed
      for molecular calculations are less crucial for the crystalline structure, as
      expected. Indeed, B3LYP/TZPP computed chi((1)) and chi((2)) tensor components
      (chi(aa) ((1))=1.107, chi(cc) ((1))=1.459, and chi((2))=-0.93 a.u.) are in very
      good agreement with experimental values. At variance with respect to previous
      periodic ab initio calculations, but in agreement with recent supermolecular
      results, the negative sign of chi((2)) is confirmed. Overall, static linear and
      nonlinear optical properties such as dielectric constants, refractive, and
      birefringence indices and second-harmonic generation coefficient of crystalline
      urea are very well reproduced by present calculations.

PMID- 19968358
TI  - Quenched-annealed density functional theory for interfacial behavior of hard rods
      at a hard rod matrix.
AB  - We consider a system of mobile hard rods that are immersed in an isotropic matrix
      of hard rods with quenched positions and orientations. Using quenched-annealed
      density functional theory the disorder-averaged excess free energy functional is
      approximated by an Onsager second virial form, which is valid in the limit of
      large length-to-thickness aspect ratio of the particles. We find that inside the
      bulk isotropic matrices the isotropic-nematic phase transition occurs at higher
      values of the chemical potential than in the pure system, shifted proportionally
      to the product of the matrix density and the matrix-fluid excluded volume. We
      investigate adsorption and penetration behavior of the annealed rods at the
      planar surface of a porous rod matrix, considering both perpendicular and
      parallel boundary conditions of the nematic director far from the surface.

PMID- 19968359
TI  - Bonding and magnetism in nanosized graphene molecules: Singlet states of zigzag
      edged hexangulenes C(6m(2) )H(6m)(m=2,3,...,10).
AB  - A novel molecular phenomenon is predicted on the basis of trends identified in an
      ab initio density functional theory study of the electronic and geometric
      structure of the hexagonal shaped zigzag edged graphene hydrocarbon molecules
      C(6m(2) )H(6m)(m=2,...,10). Electrons in the interior organize to form a graphene
      core that grows with edge size m. Electrons in the highest occupied molecular
      orbital levels, localized primarily on the perimeter carbons, polarize the
      interior atoms with a intensity that decays rapidly with distance from the
      perimeter. Three distinctive bond length patterns emerge: (i) a central graphene
      core that grows with size m; (ii) shape-similar transverse and radial bond length
      patterns on interior rows close to the edges; and (iii) quinoidal bonds radiating
      from each apex that link adjacent edges. Concomitant with these changes are: (i)
      a monotonic decrease in atomic charge from center to perimeter and (ii)
      relegation of spin in diradical states to the outer atomic rows of the bipartite
      lattice.

PMID- 19968360
TI  - Dissociation of water on oxygen-covered Rh{111}.
AB  - The adsorption of water and coadsorption with oxygen on Rh{111} under ultrahigh
      vacuum conditions was studied using synchrotron-based photoemission and
      photoabsorption spectroscopy. Water adsorbs intact on the clean surface at
      temperatures below 154 K. Irradiation with x-rays, however, induces fast
      dissociation and the formation of a mixed OH+H(2)O layer indicating that the
      partially dissociated layer is thermodynamically more stable. Coadsorption of
      water and oxygen at a coverage below 0.3 monolayers has a similar effect, leading
      to the formation of a hydrogen-bonded network of water and hydroxyl molecules at
      a ratio of 3:2. The partially dissociated layers are more stable than chemisorbed
      intact water with the maximum desorption temperatures up to 30 K higher. For
      higher oxygen coverage, up to 0.5 monolayers, water does not dissociate and an
      intact water species is observed above 160 K, which is characterized by an O 1s
      binding energy 0.6 eV higher than that of chemisorbed water and a high desorption
      temperature similar to the partially dissociated layer. The extra stabilization
      is most likely due to hydrogen bonds with atomic oxygen.

PMID- 19968361
TI  - Toward accurate reaction energetics for molecular line growth at surface: Quantum
      Monte Carlo and density functional theory calculations.
AB  - We revisit the molecular line growth mechanism of styrene on the hydrogenated
      Si(001)2x1 surface. In particular, we investigate the energetics of the radical
      chain reaction mechanism by means of diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and
      density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For the exchange correlation (XC)
      functional we use the nonempirical generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) and
      meta-GGA. We find that the QMC result also predicts the intra-dimer-row growth of
      the molecular line over the inter-dimer-row growth, supporting the conclusion
      based on DFT results. However, the absolute magnitudes of the adsorption/reaction
      energies and the heights of the energy barriers differ considerably between the
      QMC and DFT with the GGA/meta-GGA XC functionals.

PMID- 19968362
TI  - Electron spectroscopy study of the initial stages of iron phthalocyanine growth
      on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite.
AB  - The nature of the intermolecular and substrate bonds of iron phthalocyanine
      adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite has been investigated by x-ray
      photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We find that the
      molecules grow in a highly ordered fashion with the molecules essentially plane
      parallel to the surface in both the mono- and multilayers. The spectra obtained
      on both types of film are virtually identical, which shows that the bonds both
      between the adsorbate and substrate and between the molecular layers have a pure
      van der Waals nature. Supporting density functional theory results indicate that
      the layers are stabilized by weak hydrogen bonds within the molecular layers.

PMID- 19968363
TI  - Diffusion of flexible, charged, nanoscopic molecules in solution: Size and pH
      dependence for PAMAM dendrimer.
AB  - In order to understand self-diffusion (D) of a charged, flexible, and porous
      nanoscopic molecule in water, we carry out very long, fully atomistic molecular
      dynamics simulation of PAMAM dendrimer up to eight generations in explicit salt
      water under varying pH. We find that while the radius of gyration (R(g)) varies
      as N(13), the self-diffusion constant (D) scales, surprisingly, as N(-alpha),
      with alpha=0.39 at high pH and 0.5 at neutral pH, indicating a dramatic breakdown
      of Stokes-Einstein relation for diffusion of charged nanoscopic molecules. The
      variation in D as a function of radius of gyration demonstrates the importance of
      treating water and ions explicitly in the diffusion process of a flexible
      nanoscopic molecule. In agreement with recent experiments, the self-diffusion
      constant increases with pH, revealing the importance of dielectric friction in
      the diffusion process. The shape of a dendrimer is found to fluctuate on a
      nanosecond time scale. We argue that this flexibility (and also the porosity) of
      the dendrimer may play an important role in determining the mean square
      displacement of the dendrimer and the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation
      between diffusion constant and the radius.

PMID- 19968364
TI  - Diblock copolymers in a cylindrical pore.
AB  - We show that a simple Ginzburg-Landau type theory can predict a tremendous rich
      "zoo" of diblock copolymer morphologies in cylindrical nanopores. Using the cell
      dynamics simulation we study in detail lamellar-, cylinder-, and eventually
      sphere-forming diblock copolymers melts in cylindrical nanopores. A very fast
      simulation method is proposed to be used as a research precursor for more
      elaborate computational techniques.

PMID- 19968365
TI  - Conformation and dynamics of model polymer in connected chamber-pore system.
AB  - Single polymer chains under spatially heterogeneous confinement are investigated
      through simulation of a chain in an infinite linear series of chambers and pores.
      Conformational properties studied include the number of occupied chambers and the
      radius of gyration along the chamber axis, both of which vary with chain length
      and chamber size according to simple scaling predictions. The probability
      distribution of chain spatial extent along the chamber axis is characterized by
      distinct peaks and troughs corresponding to favored and disfavored chain sizes.
      The large scale dynamics is characterized by the center-of-mass diffusion
      constant along the chamber axis, which exhibits an exponential dependence on
      chamber size with dramatically slower diffusion in larger chambers. Stepping time
      distributions change as the chamber size increases or chain length decreases from
      a symmetric form to a Poisson distribution. The evolution of the dynamics is
      suggestive of a substantial barrier, independent of chain length, that controls
      the large-scale motion for short-enough chains in large-enough chambers. Other
      known signatures of anomalous, nondiffusive dynamics are also observed. The onset
      of barrier-controlled or anomalous dynamics is conjectured to be the result of
      chains occupying only a small number of chambers simultaneously.

PMID- 19968366
TI  - Coarse-grained molecular dynamics study of block copolymer/nanoparticle
      composites under elongational flow.
AB  - Symmetric diblock copolymer/nanoparticle (NP) systems under planar elongational
      flow have been modeled and simulated using coarse-grained nonequilibrium
      molecular dynamics. The aim of our present study is to understand how the
      dispersion of NPs in a block copolymer system is influenced by elongational flow
      and how the presence of NPs changes the rheology and flow-induced morphology
      transition in block copolymers. We consider two different kinds of spherical NPs
      categorized with respect to their interaction potential with the polymeric
      blocks: (1) selective NPs that show a preference toward one of the blocks of a
      model diblock copolymer and (2) nonselective NPs that show equal attraction
      toward both blocks. For unrestricted simulation times during elongational flow,
      spatially and temporally periodic boundary conditions devised by Kraynik and
      Reinelt [Int. J. Multiphase Flow 18, 1045 (1992)] have been implemented. Our
      results show that the concentration peak of both selective NPs at the center of
      the preferred domain and nonselective NPs at the domain interface becomes broader
      with increasing elongation rate, suggesting that elongational flow can be used as
      another parameter to control nanocomposite self-assembly. In addition, our
      results reveal that the onset of flow-induced transition from lamellar to
      disordered morphology is greatly influenced by particle-particle and particle
      polymer interactions.

PMID- 19968367
TI  - Microphase separation through competitive hydrogen bonding in self-assembled A-b
      B/C diblock copolymer/homopolymer complexes.
AB  - We present a study of microphase separation induced by competitive hydrogen
      bonding in A-b-B/C diblock copolymer/homopolymer complexes where the diblock
      copolymer A-b-B is immiscible and the homopolymer C can interact unequally with
      both A and B blocks through hydrogen bonding. A model system containing poly(2
      vinyl pyridine)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (P2VP-b-PMMA) and poly(4-vinyl
      phenol) (PVPh) in tetrahydrofuran was investigated. In these self-assembled
      complexes, microphase separation takes place due to the disparity in
      intermolecular interactions. Specifically, PVPh and P2VP blocks interact strongly
      to form complex, whereas PVPh and PMMA blocks interact weakly. The hydrogen
      bonding interactions were revealed by infrared spectroscopy and analyzed in terms
      of the difference in interassociation constants (K), i.e., interaction parameters
      of each blocks of the block copolymer to the homopolymer and according to the
      random phase approximation. The phase behavior of the complexes was investigated
      with small-angle x-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. A series
      of morphologies including lamellae, hexagonal cylinders, wormlike microdomains,
      and hierarchical structures was documented as a function of the copolymer
      concentration. Moreover, we outlined how hydrogen bonding determines the self
      assembly and causes morphological transitions in different A-b-B/C diblock
      copolymer/homopolymer systems with respect to the K values.

PMID- 19968368
TI  - A computational study of ion conductance in the KcsA K(+) channel using a Nernst
      Planck model with explicit resident ions.
AB  - The biophysical mechanisms underlying the relationship between the structure and
      function of the KcsA K(+) channel are described. Because of the conciseness of
      electrodiffusion theory and the computational advantages of a continuum approach,
      the Nernst-Planck (NP) type models, such as the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz and Poisson
      NP (PNP) models, have been used to describe currents in ion channels. However,
      the standard PNP (SPNP) model is known to be inapplicable to narrow ion channels
      because it cannot handle discrete ion properties. To overcome this weakness, the
      explicit resident ions NP (ERINP) model was formulated, which applies a local
      explicit model where the continuum model fails. Then, the effects of the ERI
      Coulomb potential, the ERI induced potential, and the ERI dielectric constant for
      ion conductance were tested in the ERINP model. The current-voltage (I-V) and
      current-concentration (I-C) relationships determined in the ERINP model provided
      biologically significant information that the traditional continuum model could
      not, explicitly taking into account the effects of resident ions inside the KcsA
      K(+) channel. In addition, a mathematical analysis of the K(+) ion dynamics
      established a tight structure-function system with a shallow well, a deep well,
      and two K(+) ions resident in the selectivity filter. Furthermore, the ERINP
      model not only reproduced the experimental results with a realistic set of
      parameters, but it also reduced CPU costs.

PMID- 19968369
TI  - Computer simulation of water-mediated forces between gel-phase phospholipid
      bilayers.
AB  - Water-mediated forces between gel-phase phospholipid bilayers were calculated as
      a function of interbilayer separation using the grand canonical Monte Carlo
      technique and all-atom CHARMM force field. The mechanism of the short-range
      interbilayer repulsion proved to be similar to that calculated previously for the
      fluid-phase bilayers despite substantial differences in structure and areal
      density between the gel and fluid phases.

PMID- 19968370
TI  - Protein mechanical unfolding: Importance of non-native interactions.
AB  - Mechanical unfolding of the fourth domain of Distyostelium discoideum filamin
      (DDFLN4) was studied by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, using the
      GROMOS96 force field 43a1 and the simple point charge explicit water solvent. Our
      study reveals an important role of non-native interactions in the unfolding
      process. Namely, the existence of a peak centered at the end-to-end extension
      DeltaR approximately 22 nm in the force-extension curve is associated with
      breaking of non-native hydrogen bonds. Such a peak has been observed in
      experiments but not in Go models, where non-native interactions are neglected. We
      predict that an additional peak occurs at DeltaR approximately 2 nm using not
      only GROMOS96 force field 43a1 but also Amber 94 and OPLS force fields. This
      result would stimulate further experimental studies on elastic properties of
      DDFLN4.

PMID- 19968372
TI  - Abortion and mental health: Evaluating the evidence.
AB  - The authors evaluated empirical research addressing the relationship between
      induced abortion and women's mental health. Two issues were addressed: (a) the
      relative risks associated with abortion compared with the risks associated with
      its alternatives and (b) sources of variability in women's responses following
      abortion. This article reflects and updates the report of the American
      Psychological Association Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion (2008). Major
      methodological problems pervaded most of the research reviewed. The most rigorous
      studies indicated that within the United States, the relative risk of mental
      health problems among adult women who have a single, legal, first-trimester
      abortion of an unwanted pregnancy is no greater than the risk among women who
      deliver an unwanted pregnancy. Evidence did not support the claim that observed
      associations between abortion and mental health problems are caused by abortion
      per se as opposed to other preexisting and co-occurring risk factors. Most adult
      women who terminate a pregnancy do not experience mental health problems. Some
      women do, however. It is important that women's varied experiences of abortion be
      recognized, validated, and understood.

PMID- 19968379
TI  - The YouthMood Project: a cluster randomized controlled trial of an online
      cognitive behavioral program with adolescents.
AB  - The aim in the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of an online,
      self-directed cognitive-behavioral therapy program (MoodGYM) in preventing and
      reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression in an adolescent school-based
      population. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 schools
      (N = 1,477) from across Australia, with each school randomly allocated to the
      intervention or wait-list control condition. At postintervention and 6-month
      follow-up, participants in the intervention condition had significantly lower
      levels of anxiety than did participants in the wait-list control condition
      (Cohen's d = 0.15-0.25). The effects of the MoodGYM program on depressive
      symptoms were less strong, with only male participants in the intervention
      condition exhibiting significant reductions in depressive symptoms at
      postintervention and 6-month follow-up (Cohen's d = 0.27-0.43). Although small to
      moderate, the effects obtained in the current study provide support for the
      utility of universal prevention programs in schools. The effectiveness of booster
      sessions should be explored in future research.

PMID- 19968378
TI  - Randomized controlled trial of a family cognitive-behavioral preventive
      intervention for children of depressed parents.
AB  - A family cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for parents with a history
      of depression and their 9-15-year-old children was compared with a self-study
      written information condition in a randomized clinical trial (n = 111 families).
      Outcomes were assessed at postintervention (2 months), after completion of 4
      monthly booster sessions (6 months), and at 12-month follow-up. Children were
      assessed by child reports on depressive symptoms, internalizing problems, and
      externalizing problems; by parent reports on internalizing and externalizing
      problems; and by child and parent reports on a standardized diagnostic interview.
      Parent depressive symptoms and parent episodes of major depression also were
      assessed. Evidence emerged for significant differences favoring the family group
      intervention on both child and parent outcomes; strongest effects for child
      outcomes were found at the 12-month assessment with medium effect sizes on most
      measures. Implications for the prevention of adverse outcomes in children of
      depressed parents are highlighted.

PMID- 19968380
TI  - Effective components of TORDIA cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent
      depression: preliminary findings.
AB  - In this report, we conducted a secondary analysis of the Treatment of SSRI
      Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study to explore the impact of
      specific cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment components on outcome. In
      TORDIA, 334 youths (ages 12 to 18 years) with major depressive disorder who had
      failed to respond to an adequate course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
      (SSRI) medication were randomized to a medication switch (either to an
      alternative SSRI or venlafaxine) with or without 12 weeks of adjunctive CBT.
      Participants who had more than 9 CBT sessions were 2.5 times more likely to have
      adequate treatment response than those who had 9 or fewer sessions. CBT
      participants who received problem-solving and social skills treatment components,
      controlling for number of sessions and other confounding variables, were 2.3 and
      2.6 times, respectively, more likely to have a positive response. These
      preliminary findings underscore the importance of receiving an adequate number of
      sessions to attain an adequate clinical response. Finally, social skills and
      problem solving may be active elements in CBT for adolescent depression and
      should be considered in treatment by those working with seriously depressed
      youths.

PMID- 19968382
TI  - Testing a model of change in the experiential treatment of depression.
AB  - In this study, we measured emotional processing and the alliance across 3 phases
      of therapy (beginning, working, and termination) for 74 clients who each received
      brief experiential psychotherapy for depression. Using path analysis, we proposed
      and tested a model of relationships between these 2 processes across phases of
      therapy and how these processes relate to predict improvement in the domains of
      depressive and general symptoms, self-esteem, and interpersonal problems after
      experiential treatment. Both therapy processes significantly increased across
      phases of therapy. Controlling for both client processes at the beginning of
      therapy, working phase emotional processing was found to directly and best
      predict reductions in depressive and general symptoms, and it could directly
      predict gains in self-esteem. Within working and termination phases of therapy,
      the alliance significantly contributed to emotional processing and indirectly
      contributed to outcome. Surprisingly, beginning therapy alliance (measured after
      Session 1) also directly predicted all outcomes. Furthermore, only clients'
      beginning therapy process predicted reductions in interpersonal problems.
      Therefore, although the proposed theory of change was supported, clients'
      beginning therapy processes may constrain clients' success in experiential
      treatment and in particular their outcomes in some problem domains related to
      depression.

PMID- 19968381
TI  - A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Program's effect on depressive
      symptoms.
AB  - The purpose of this review was to evaluate whether the Penn Resiliency Program
      (PRP), a group cognitive-behavioral intervention, is effective in targeting
      depressive symptoms in youths. We identified 17 controlled evaluations of PRP (N
      = 2,498) in which depressive symptoms had been measured via an online search of
      PsycINFO, Medline, ERIC, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and by requesting
      data from PRP researchers. We combined effect sizes (ESs; Glass's d), using
      random effects models at postintervention and two follow-up assessments (6-8 and
      12 months postintervention). PRP participants reported fewer depressive symptoms
      at postintervention and both follow-up assessments compared with youths receiving
      no intervention, with ESs ranging from 0.11 to 0.21. Subgroup analyses showed
      that PRP's effects were significant at 1 or more follow-up assessments among
      studies with both targeted and universal approaches, when group leaders were
      research team members and community providers, among participants with both low
      and elevated baseline symptoms, and among boys and girls. Limited data showed no
      evidence that PRP is superior to active control conditions. Preliminary analyses
      suggested that PRP's effects on depressive disorders may be smaller than those
      reported in a larger meta-analysis of depression prevention programs for older
      adolescents and adults. We found evidence that PRP significantly reduces
      depressive symptoms through at least 1-year postintervention. Future PRP research
      should examine whether PRP's effects on depressive symptoms lead to clinically
      meaningful benefits for its participants, whether the program is cost-effective,
      whether CB skills mediate program effects, and whether PRP is effective when
      delivered under real-world conditions.

PMID- 19968383
TI  - Personality, stressful life events, and treatment response in major depression.
AB  - The current study examined whether the personality traits of self-criticism or
      dependency moderated the effect of stressful life events on treatment response.
      Depressed outpatients (N = 113) were randomized to 16 weeks of cognitive
      behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, or antidepressant medication
      (ADM). Stressful life events were assessed with the Bedford College Life Events
      and Difficulties Schedule. Severe events reported during or immediately prior to
      treatment predicted poor response in the ADM condition but not in the
      psychotherapy conditions. In contrast, nonsevere life events experienced prior to
      onset predicted superior response to treatment. Further, self-criticism moderated
      the relation of severe life events to outcome across conditions, such that in the
      presence of severe stress those high in self-criticism were less likely to
      respond to treatment than were those low in self-criticism.

PMID- 19968384
TI  - Changes in self-schema structure in cognitive therapy for major depressive
      disorder: a randomized clinical trial.
AB  - Negative cognitive structure (particularly for interpersonal content) has been
      shown in some research to persist past a current episode of depression and
      potentially to be a stable marker of vulnerability for depression (D. J. A.
      Dozois, 2007; D. J. A. Dozois & K. S. Dobson, 2001a). Given that cognitive
      therapy (CT) is highly effective for treating the acute phase of a depressive
      episode and that this treatment also reduces the risk of relapse and recurrence,
      it is possible that CT may alter these stable cognitive structures. In the
      current study, patients were randomly assigned to CT+ pharmacotherapy (n = 21) or
      to pharmacotherapy alone (n = 21). Both groups evidenced significant and similar
      reductions in level of depression (as measured with the Beck Depression Inventory
      II and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression), as well as automatic thoughts
      and dysfunctional attitudes. However, group differences were found on cognitive
      organization in favor of individuals who received the combination of CT+
      pharmacotherapy. The implications of these results for understanding mechanisms
      of change in therapy and the prophylactic nature of CT are discussed.

PMID- 19968385
TI  - Couple discord and depression in couples during couple therapy and in depressed
      individuals during depression treatment.
AB  - The association between depression and relationship distress as well as the
      impact of treatment for the one on the other was examined across 2 treatment
      seeking samples: individuals seeking treatment for depression (N = 120) and
      couples seeking marital therapy (N = 134 couples). Although there was a baseline
      association between depression and distress across the 2 samples, relationship
      distress was far more prevalent among those being treated for depression than was
      depression for those seeking marital therapy. There was a reliable association
      between changes in the primary problem (e.g., relationship distress in the couple
      therapy study) and changes in the secondary problem (e.g., depression in the
      couple therapy study). However, overall effects on secondary problems were quite
      small. Neuroticism played a complex, moderating role across the 2 samples,
      strengthening and weakening the association between depression and relationship
      distress depending on the sample and gender, replicating previous findings.

PMID- 19968386
TI  - Readability of self-report measures of depression and anxiety.
AB  - As the demand for accountability in service provision settings increases, the
      need for valid methods for assessing clinical outcomes is of particular
      importance. Self-report measures of functioning are particularly useful in the
      assessment of psychological functioning, but a vital factor in their validity and
      transportability is the reading level needed to comprehend them. We evaluated the
      reading grade levels required to comprehend the instructions and items from 105
      evidence-based self-report measures of depression and anxiety. Results indicated
      substantial variability in readability among measures, with anxiety measures
      generally requiring a higher reading level relative to depression measures. In
      some cases, reading levels required for measure instructions were particularly
      high, and most measures were written at or above the mean reading grade level in
      the United States. This analysis provides information that may aid in selecting
      appropriate symptom measures in clinical and research settings. Future
      directions, including the development of measures for individuals with low levels
      of literacy, are discussed.

PMID- 19968387
TI  - From in-session behaviors to drinking outcomes: a causal chain for motivational
      interviewing.
AB  - Client speech in favor of change within motivational interviewing sessions has
      been linked to treatment outcomes, but a causal chain has not yet been
      demonstrated. Using a sequential behavioral coding system for client speech, the
      authors found that, at both the session and utterance levels, specific therapist
      behaviors predict client change talk. Further, a direct link from change talk to
      drinking outcomes was observed, and support was found for a mediational role for
      change talk between therapist behavior and client drinking outcomes. These data
      provide preliminary support for the proposed causal chain indicating that client
      speech within treatment sessions can be influenced by therapists, who can employ
      this influence to improve outcomes. Selective eliciting and reinforcement of
      change talk is proposed as a specific active ingredient of motivational
      interviewing.

PMID- 19968388
TI  - The alliance in motivational enhancement therapy and counseling as usual for
      substance use problems.
AB  - Data from a community-based multicenter study of motivational enhancement therapy
      (MET) and counseling as usual (CAU) for outpatient substance users were used to
      examine questions about the role of the alliance in MET and CAU. Most (94%) of
      the sample met diagnostic criteria for abuse or dependence (primarily alcohol
      and/or cocaine). Sixteen therapists for CAU and 14 for MET participated. No
      reliable differences in patient ratings (n = 319) on the Helping Alliance
      Questionnaire-II (HAq-II) were evident for MET compared to CAU, but significant
      differences between therapists were found within each condition in mean patient
      rated HAq-II scores. Overall, average levels of alliance were high. The between
      therapists component of the alliance, but not the within-therapist component, was
      significantly associated with self-reported days of primary substance use during
      the follow-up period from Week 4 to Week 16 (Cohen's d = 0 .39; n = 257).
      Therapists with either low or very high alliances had relatively poorer average
      outcomes (quadratic effect, d = 0.44). For therapists in both MET and CAU,
      increased use of MET fundamental techniques and MET advanced techniques during
      treatment sessions was associated with higher levels of alliance. Implications of
      the findings for conceptualization of the alliance and for training of therapists
      are discussed.

PMID- 19968389
TI  - Partner violence before and after couples-based alcoholism treatment for female
      alcoholic patients.
AB  - This study examined partner violence before and in the 1st and 2nd year after
      behavioral couples therapy (BCT) for 103 married or cohabiting women seeking
      alcohol dependence treatment and their male partners; it used a demographically
      matched nonalcoholic comparison sample. The treatment sample received M = 16.7
      BCT sessions over 5-6 months. Follow-up rates for the treatment sample at Years 1
      and 2 were 88% and 83%, respectively. In the year before BCT, 68% of female
      alcoholic patients had been violent toward their male partner, nearly 5 times the
      comparison sample rate of 15%. In the year after BCT, violence prevalence
      decreased significantly to 31% of the treatment sample. Women were classified as
      remitted after treatment if they demonstrated abstinence or minimal substance use
      and no serious consequences related to substance use. In Year 1 following BCT,
      45% were classified as remitted, and 49% were classified as remitted in Year 2.
      Among remitted patients in the year after BCT, violence prevalence of 22% did not
      differ from the comparison sample and was significantly lower than the rate among
      relapsed patients (38%). Results for male-perpetrated violence and for the 2nd
      year after BCT were similar to the 1st year. Results supported predictions that
      partner violence would decrease after BCT and that clinically significant
      violence reductions to the level of a nonalcoholic comparison sample would occur
      for patients whose alcoholism was remitted after BCT. These findings replicate
      previous research among men with alcoholism.

PMID- 19968391
TI  - When wait lists are not feasible, nothing is a thing that does not need to be
      done.
AB  - Clinical psychology practices initially grew through the use of case studies,
      uncontrolled trials, and eventually through randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
      The use of a wait-list control group is standard practice in such trials of
      treatment regimens for psychopathological conditions. However, as knowledge
      advances regarding the successful treatment of such conditions, best practice
      guidelines are being developed. These guidelines have predominantly been based on
      the results of RCTs and use aggregating mechanisms, such as meta-analysis, to
      derive their conclusions. The authors argue here for statistical methods that
      allow for comparisons to existing data from wait-list controls for which the
      continued use of wait-list conditions has become problematic. Using posttraumatic
      stress disorder (PTSD) as an example, this article proposes various methods for
      obviating the need for a wait-list control under such circumstances. After
      conducting separate meta-analyses for both treatment and control conditions, the
      authors found that wait-list conditions do provide some benefit to participants
      with PTSD, but current best practice treatment conditions elicit far superior
      effect sizes. The various methods for evaluating a study without a wait-list
      control are proposed and demonstrated.

PMID- 19968390
TI  - Predicting post-treatment-initiation alcohol use among patients with severe
      mental illness and alcohol use disorders.
AB  - Few investigators studying alcohol abuse among individuals with a severe mental
      illness (SMI) have examined predictors of posttreatment alcohol outcomes. In the
      present study, a multivariate approach based on a theoretical model was used to
      study the relationship between psychosocial factors and post-treatment-initiation
      alcohol use. Predictors of alcohol use outcomes were examined in 278 individuals
      diagnosed with a current schizophrenia-spectrum or bipolar disorder and an
      alcohol use disorder (AUD). At 6-months follow-up, 144 of 228 available
      participants (63%) had good clinical outcomes. The results of structural equation
      modeling indicated that type of pretreatment residential setting was directly
      related to treatment, with participants who lived in supervised settings (41%)
      reporting significantly more days of treatment (beta = .34, p < .001). In
      addition, participants with more psychiatric symptoms, as assessed with the Brief
      Symptom Inventory and Structured Clinical Interview for the Positive and Negative
      Syndrome Scale, reported significantly fewer treatment days (beta = -.20, p <
      .001). Number of days that participants attended treatment was indirectly
      associated with alcohol use outcomes and was mediated by use of alcohol-specific
      coping skills, such that more frequent use of such skills was associated with
      less post-treatment-initiation alcohol use (beta = -.34, p < .001). This study
      emphasizes the favorable prognosis for alcohol outcomes among treated individuals
      with SMI and AUD and the importance of psychosocial interventions, particularly
      those that result in better alcohol-specific coping skills.

PMID- 19968392
TI  - Ethnic differences in posttraumatic distress: Hispanics' symptoms differ in kind
      and degree.
AB  - This longitudinal study of physical injury survivors examined the degree to which
      Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasians reported similar posttraumatic stress
      disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Adult physical trauma survivors (N = 677) provided
      information regarding posttraumatic distress by completing an interview
      administered version of the PTSD Symptom Checklist (Civilian version) at 3 time
      points: within days of trauma exposure and again at 6 and 12 months posttrauma.
      Structural equation modeling with propensity weights was used in analyzing data.
      Results replicated prior research indicating that Hispanics report greater
      overall PTSD symptom severity. However, the size of this effect varied
      significantly across the 17 individual PTSD symptoms, and several symptoms were
      not reported more highly by Hispanics. Relative to non-Hispanic Caucasians,
      Hispanics tended to report higher levels of symptoms that could be regarded as
      exaggerated or intensified cognitive and sensory perceptions (e.g.,
      hypervigilance, flashbacks). In contrast, few differences were observed for
      symptoms characteristic of impaired psychological functioning (e.g., difficulty
      concentrating, sleep disturbance). Findings suggest that the pattern of PTSD
      symptoms experienced most prominently by Hispanics differs in kind and not merely
      in degree. Results have implications for theory aimed at explaining this ethnic
      disparity in posttraumatic psychological distress as well as for clinical
      intervention with trauma-exposed Hispanics.

PMID- 19968393
TI  - Therapist strategies for building involvement in cognitive-behavioral therapy for
      adolescent depression.
AB  - This study examined predictive relations between 9 therapist behaviors and client
      involvement in manual-guided, cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent
      depression. Analyses included 42 adolescents who met criteria for a depressive
      disorder (major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, or adjustment disorder
      with depressed mood) and who were treated in school-based clinics. Therapist
      behaviors hypothesized to promote client involvement were coded from Session 1
      audiotapes; client involvement was coded from Session 2. Unlike prior research,
      the current study examined associations between behaviors and involvement while
      controlling for initial client resistance to isolate the therapist contribution
      to involvement. Results show that 3 therapist behaviors from Session 1 (attending
      to teen's experience, exploring teen's motivation, and less structure) predicted
      greater client involvement in Session 2, controlling for initial resistance. Only
      exploring motivation and less structure uniquely predicted Session 2 involvement
      when the 3 behaviors were examined simultaneously. Session 1 therapist behaviors
      predicted significant variance in involvement at Sessions 2, 4, and 8. Client
      initial presentation as resistant was associated with more exploring motivation
      and praising, but initial resistance did not explain associations between
      therapist behaviors and involvement. Implications for implementing evidence-based
      treatments are discussed.

PMID- 19968395
TI  - Bayesian mediation analysis.
AB  - In this article, we propose Bayesian analysis of mediation effects. Compared with
      conventional frequentist mediation analysis, the Bayesian approach has several
      advantages. First, it allows researchers to incorporate prior information into
      the mediation analysis, thus potentially improving the efficiency of estimates.
      Second, under the Bayesian mediation analysis, inference is straightforward and
      exact, which makes it appealing for studies with small samples. Third, the
      Bayesian approach is conceptually simpler for multilevel mediation analysis.
      Simulation studies and analysis of 2 data sets are used to illustrate the
      proposed methods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID- 19968396
TI  - An introduction to recursive partitioning: rationale, application, and
      characteristics of classification and regression trees, bagging, and random
      forests.
AB  - Recursive partitioning methods have become popular and widely used tools for
      nonparametric regression and classification in many scientific fields. Especially
      random forests, which can deal with large numbers of predictor variables even in
      the presence of complex interactions, have been applied successfully in genetics,
      clinical medicine, and bioinformatics within the past few years. High-dimensional
      problems are common not only in genetics, but also in some areas of psychological
      research, where only a few subjects can be measured because of time or cost
      constraints, yet a large amount of data is generated for each subject. Random
      forests have been shown to achieve a high prediction accuracy in such
      applications and to provide descriptive variable importance measures reflecting
      the impact of each variable in both main effects and interactions. The aim of
      this work is to introduce the principles of the standard recursive partitioning
      methods as well as recent methodological improvements, to illustrate their usage
      for low and high-dimensional data exploration, but also to point out limitations
      of the methods and potential pitfalls in their practical application. Application
      of the methods is illustrated with freely available implementations in the R
      system for statistical computing.

PMID- 19968397
TI  - A conceptual and empirical examination of justifications for dichotomization.
AB  - Despite many articles reporting the problems of dichotomizing continuous
      measures, researchers still commonly use this practice. The authors' purpose in
      this article was to understand the reasons that people still dichotomize and to
      determine whether any of these reasons are valid. They contacted 66 researchers
      who had published articles using dichotomized variables and obtained their
      justifications for dichotomization. They also contacted 53 authors of articles
      published in Psychological Methods and asked them to identify any situations in
      which they believed dichotomized indicators could perform better. Justifications
      provided by these two groups fell into three broad categories, which the authors
      explored both logically and with Monte Carlo simulations. Continuous indicators
      were superior in the majority of circumstances and never performed substantially
      worse than the dichotomized indicators, but the simulations did reveal specific
      situations in which dichotomized indicators performed as well as or better than
      the original continuous indictors. The authors also considered several
      justifications for dichotomization that did not lend themselves to simulation,
      but in each case they found compelling arguments to address these situations
      using techniques other than dichotomization.

PMID- 19968398
TI  - Using derivative estimates to describe intraindividual variability at multiple
      time scales.
AB  - The study of intraindividual variability is central to the study of individuals
      in psychology. Previous research has related the variance observed in repeated
      measurements (time series) of individuals to trait-like measures that are
      logically related. Intraindividual measures, such as intraindividual standard
      deviation or the coefficient of variation, are likely to be incomplete
      representations of intraindividual variability. This article shows that the study
      of intraindividual variability can be made more productive by examining
      variability of interest at specific time scales, rather than considering the
      variability of entire time series. Furthermore, examination of variance in
      observed scores may not be sufficient, because these neglect the time scale
      dependent relationships between observations. The current article outlines a
      method of using estimated derivatives to examine intraindividual variability
      through estimates of the variance and other distributional properties at multiple
      time scales. In doing so, this article encourages more nuanced discussion about
      intraindividual variability and highlights that variability and variance are not
      equivalent. An example with simulated data and an example relating variability in
      daily measures of negative affect to neuroticism are provided.

PMID- 19968399
TI  - Determining the statistical significance of relative weights.
AB  - Relative weight analysis is a procedure for estimating the relative importance of
      correlated predictors in a regression equation. Because the sampling distribution
      of relative weights is unknown, researchers using relative weight analysis are
      unable to make judgments regarding the statistical significance of the relative
      weights. J. W. Johnson (2004) presented a bootstrapping methodology to compute
      standard errors for relative weights, but this procedure cannot be used to
      determine whether a relative weight is significantly different from zero. This
      article presents a bootstrapping procedure that allows one to determine the
      statistical significance of a relative weight. The authors conducted a Monte
      Carlo study to explore the Type I error, power, and bias associated with their
      proposed technique. They illustrate this approach here by applying the procedure
      to published data.

PMID- 19968400
TI  - A general approach for estimating scale score reliability for panel survey data.
AB  - Scale score measures are ubiquitous in the psychological literature and can be
      used as both dependent and independent variables in data analysis. Poor
      reliability of scale score measures leads to inflated standard errors and/or
      biased estimates, particularly in multivariate analysis. Reliability estimation
      is usually an integral step to assess data quality in the analysis of scale score
      data. Cronbach's alpha is a widely used indicator of reliability but, due to its
      rather strong assumptions, can be a poor estimator (L. J. Cronbach, 1951). For
      longitudinal data, an alternative approach is the simplex method; however, it too
      requires assumptions that may not hold in practice. One effective approach is an
      alternative estimator of reliability that relaxes the assumptions of both
      Cronbach's alpha and the simplex estimator and thus generalizes both estimators.
      Using data from a large-scale panel survey, the benefits of the statistical
      properties of this estimator are investigated, and its use is illustrated and
      compared with the more traditional estimators of reliability.

PMID- 19968403
TI  - A crash course in Chinese herbology for the psychopharmocological prescriber.
AB  - Given the unparalleled popularity of botanicals in the United States, it is safe
      to say that almost every psychopharmacological prescriber will see some patients
      using Chinese herbs. Data show that between 36% and 42% of Americans use
      complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) each year and that persons suffering
      from depression and anxiety (67%) use CAM services significantly more than do
      their nonanxious and nondepressed counterparts (39%). This article gives an
      overview of several classical Chinese medical single herbs and herbal formulas
      commonly used for persons with psychiatric disorders and discusses some of the
      herbs that have the potential to interact with various pharmaceutical drugs. In
      addition, the article reviews scientific evidence and, at times, the lack thereof
      to validate the use of Chinese herbs and formulas in treating psychiatric
      conditions. Overall, the article seeks to prepare the pharmacological prescriber
      for working with patients concomitantly taking psychiatric medications and
      Chinese herbs.

PMID- 19968402
TI  - Evaluation of genetic variability in the dopamine receptor D2 in relation to
      behavioral inhibition and impulsivity/sensation seeking: an exploratory study
      with d-amphetamine in healthy participants.
AB  - The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) appears to be involved in impulsive behaviors,
      and particularly in behavioral inhibition. We sought to determine whether
      inhibition and impulsivity were related to genetic polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene
      (DRD2) in healthy volunteers (N = 93). Participants received placebo or d
      amphetamine in random order. They performed the stop task, measuring behavioral
      inhibition, and rated their mood states on each session. They also completed the
      Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, including an Impulsivity subscale.
      We investigated the association between 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
      and haplotypes in DRD2 and stop task performance in the nondrug (i.e., placebo)
      session and on the personality measure of impulsivity. We secondarily evaluated
      the DRD2 SNPs in relation to response to d-amphetamine on stop task performance
      and mood ratings. Mood was not related to genotypes in either the drug free
      condition or in response to drug. However, 2 SNPs, rs4648317 and rs12364283, and
      a haplotype block consisting of those SNPs, were associated with better
      performance on the stop task in the drug free condition and lower scores on the
      Impulsivity subscale. We also found that rs12364283 was associated with effects
      of d-amphetamine on stop task performance: d-amphetamine decreased stop reaction
      time (RT) in the A/A group but increased stop RT in the combined A/G + G/G
      genotype. Of the SNPs we evaluated, rs12364283, which has been associated with
      DRD2 expression, was the most significantly associated with inhibition and
      impulsivity. The significant relationship between DRD2 genotype and both
      behavioral inhibition and impulsivity suggests a possible common genetic
      influence on behavioral and self-report measures of impulsivity.

PMID- 19968401
TI  - Brain fMRI reactivity to smoking-related images before and during extended
      smoking abstinence.
AB  - Reactivity to smoking-related cues may play a role in the maintenance of smoking
      behavior and may change depending on smoking status. Whether smoking cue-related
      functional MRI (fMRI) reactivity differs between active smoking and extended
      smoking abstinence states currently is unknown. We used fMRI to measure brain
      reactivity in response to smoking-related versus neutral images in 13 tobacco
      dependent subjects before a smoking cessation attempt and again during extended
      smoking abstinence (52 +/- 11 days) aided by nicotine replacement therapy.
      Prequit smoking cue induced fMRI activity patterns paralleled those reported in
      prior smoking cue reactivity fMRI studies. Greater fMRI activity was detected
      during extended smoking abstinence than during the pre-quit [corrected]
      assessment subcortically in the caudate nucleus and cortically in prefrontal (BA
      6, 8, 9, 10, 44, 46), [corrected] primary somatosensory (BA 1, 2, 3), temporal
      (BA 22), [corrected] parietal (BA 5, 7, 40), occipital (BA 17, 18), [corrected]
      and posterior cingulate (BA 31) cortex. These data suggest that during extended
      smoking abstinence, fMRI reactivity to smoking versus neutral stimuli persists in
      brain areas involved in attention, somatosensory processing, motor planning, and
      conditioned cue responding. In some brain regions, fMRI smoking cue reactivity is
      increased during extended smoking abstinence in comparison to the prequit state,
      which may contribute to persisting relapse vulnerability.

PMID- 19968404
TI  - Reliability and validity of a demand curve measure of alcohol reinforcement.
AB  - Recent clinical research suggests that several self-report behavioral economic
      measures of relative reinforcing efficacy (RRE) may show utility as indices of
      substance abuse problem severity. The goal of the present study was to evaluate
      the reliability and validity of the Alcohol Purchase Task (APT), a RRE measure
      that uses hypothetical choices regarding alcohol purchases at varying prices
      (demand curves) to generate several indices of alcohol-related reinforcement.
      Participants were 38 college students who reported recent alcohol consumption.
      Both the raw alcohol purchase/consumption values and several of the computed
      reinforcement parameters (intensity & Omax) showed good to excellent 2-week test
      retest reliability. Reinforcement parameters derived from both a linear
      elasticity (Hursh, Raslear, Bauman, & Black, 1989) and an exponential (Hursh &
      Silberberg, 2008) demand curve equation were generally less reliable, despite the
      fact that both equations provided a good fit to participants' reported
      consumption data. The APT measures of demand intensity (number of drinks consumed
      when price = 0), Omax (maximum expenditure), and elasticity (alpha) were
      correlated with weekly drinking, alcohol-related problems, and other self-report
      RRE measures (relative discretionary monetary expenditures toward alcohol and/or
      relative substance-related activity participation and enjoyment). Demand
      intensity was uniquely associated with problem drinking in a regression model
      that controlled for weekly consumption. These results provide support for the
      reliability and validity of the RRE indices generated with the APT.

PMID- 19968405
TI  - Behavioral filter vent blocking on the first cigarette of the day predicts which
      smokers of light cigarettes will increase smoke exposure from blocked vents.
AB  - Filter vent blocking on best-selling light cigarettes increases smoke yield
      during standard machine testing but not in clinical investigations of smokers.
      The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of (a) manipulating
      cigarette filter vent blocking and (b) blocking status of first cigarette of the
      day on carbon monoxide (CO) boost. Participants (n = 25; Marlboro Lights
      nonmenthol cigarette smokers, age range 21-60 years, minimum 15 daily cigarettes,
      and daily smoking for a minimum 5 years) completed the laboratory-based, within
      subject, double-blind, cross-over design of 2 smoking sessions, one utilizing a
      smoking topography device, one without. Each session consisted of smoking 4
      cigarettes; 2 with filter vents blocked and 2 with filter vents unblocked. Spent
      first daily cigarette filters collected between sessions were scored for evidence
      of filter vent blocking. Smoking cigarettes with blocked filter vents
      significantly increased CO boost in both laboratory sessions (p < .001). Those
      who blocked their first cigarette of the day (n = 10) had significantly greater
      CO boost when smoking a blocked cigarette, in relation to smoking an unblocked
      cigarette and in comparison with nonblockers (p = .04). Total puff volume was a
      significant predictor of CO boost when smoking unblocked and blocked cigarettes
      (ps < .04). Blocking filter vents significantly increased smoke exposure in
      relation to when filter vents are not blocked, particularly for those who block
      filter vents on their first cigarette of the day. Total puff volume predicted CO
      boost, and results suggest that smokers adjust their smoking behavior by
      cigarette blocking status. Those smokers who block filter vents may be increasing
      their exposure by 30%.

PMID- 19968407
TI  - Attentional bias for craving-related (chocolate) food cues.
AB  - In this study, we investigated attentional biases for craving-related food cues.
      A pictorial dot probe task was used to assess selective attentional processing of
      one particular highly desired food, namely chocolate, relative to that of other
      highly desired foods. In Experiment 1, we examined biased processing of chocolate
      cues in habitual (trait) chocolate cravers, whereas in Experiment 2 we
      investigated the effect of experimentally induced (state) chocolate cravings on
      such processing. As predicted, habitual chocolate cravers (Experiment 1) and
      individuals in whom a craving for chocolate was temporarily induced (Experiment
      2) showed speeded detection of probes replacing chocolate-related pictures,
      demonstrating an attentional bias for chocolate cues. Subsequent examination
      indicated that in both experiments the observed attentional biases stemmed from
      difficulty in disengaging attention from chocolate cues rather than from a shift
      of attention toward such cues. The findings have important theoretical and
      practical implications.

PMID- 19968406
TI  - Hostility, cigarette smoking, and responses to a lab-based social stressor.
AB  - High-trait hostility is associated with persistent cigarette smoking. To better
      understand mechanisms that may account for this association, we examined the
      effects of acute smoking abstinence and delayed versus immediate smoking
      reinstatement on responses to a social stressor among 48 low hostile (LH) and 48
      high hostile (HH) smokers. Participants completed two laboratory sessions, one
      before which they had smoked ad lib and one before which they had abstained for
      the prior 12 hr. During each session, participants completed a stressful speaking
      task and then smoked immediately after the stressor or after a 15-min delay. The
      effect of immediate versus delayed smoking reinstatement on recovery in negative
      mood was significantly moderated by hostility. When reinstatement was delayed, HH
      participants showed significant increases in negative mood over time, whereas LH
      participants showed little change. When reinstatement was immediate, HH and LH
      smokers showed similar significant decreases in negative mood. Smoking abstinence
      did not moderate hostility effects. Cigarette smoking may prevent continuing
      increases in negative mood after social stress in HH smokers, which may partially
      explain their low rates of quitting.

PMID- 19968408
TI  - Is expectancy reality? Associations between tension reduction beliefs and mood
      following alcohol consumption.
AB  - The present study investigated whether tension reduction expectancies were
      uniquely associated with self-reported mood following in-lab alcohol
      administration, given that little research has addressed this association. We
      also tested whether level of experience with alcohol, which may influence the
      learning of expectancies, moderated expectancy-mood associations. Regularly
      drinking college students (N = 145) recruited through advertisements completed
      self-report measures of positive alcohol expectancies, alcohol involvement,
      demographics, and pre- and post-drinking mood, and then consumed alcohol ad
      libitum up to four drinks in the laboratory. Regression analyses controlling for
      pre-consumption mood, blood alcohol concentration, and all other positive
      expectancies showed tension reduction expectancies to be a marginally significant
      positive predictor of negative mood post-drinking. This association was
      significant only for those who achieved lower blood alcohol concentrations in lab
      and those who reported less involvement with alcohol (i.e., lower typical
      quantity, heavy episodic drinking frequency, and years of regular drinking).
      Findings suggest that associations between expectations for mood and actual post
      drinking mood outcomes may operate differently for less versus more involved
      drinkers. Clinical implications pertain to early intervention, when expectancies
      may be less ingrained and perhaps more readily modified.

PMID- 19968410
TI  - Substance use and the paradox of good and bad attentional bias.
AB  - Habitual substance use is associated with attentional bias for stimuli related to
      the use. The current study tested whether individuals' substance use can be
      predicted from their attentional bias for concern-related and substance-related
      stimuli. Participants (N = 71; 54% male) were selected among university students
      and the community. The study was conducted in Iran, in which alcohol consumption
      is illegal. Participants completed a substance use questionnaire and classic,
      substance-, and concern-related Stroop tests. The results show that after
      controlling for demographic variables and classic Stroop interference, increases
      in substance-related but decreases in concern-related reaction times predicted
      the amount of substances that had been consumed by the participants. Individuals'
      attentional bias for both substance-related and substance-unrelated goals may be
      important in predicting substance use behavior. The implication of the findings
      for treatment prognosis has been discussed.

PMID- 19968411
TI  - How chronic self-views influence (and mislead) self-assessments of task
      performance: self-views shape bottom-up experiences with the task.
AB  - Self-assessments of task performance can draw on both top-down sources of
      information (preconceived notions about one's ability at the task) and bottom-up
      cues (one's concrete experience with the task itself). Past research has
      suggested that top-down self-views can mislead performance evaluations but has
      yet to specify the exact psychological mechanisms that produce this influence.
      Across 4 experiments, the authors tested the hypothesis that self-views influence
      performance evaluations by first shaping perceptions of bottom-up experiences
      with the task, which in turn inform performance evaluations. Consistent with this
      hypothesis, a relevant top-down belief influenced performance estimates only when
      learned of before, but not after, completing a task (Study 1), and measures of
      bottom-up experience were found to mediate the link between top-down beliefs
      about one's abilities and performance evaluations (Studies 2-4). Furthermore,
      perception of an objectively definable bottom-up cue (i.e., time it takes to
      solve a problem) was better predicted by a relevant self-view than the actual
      passage of time.

PMID- 19968409
TI  - Agreeableness and alcohol-related aggression: the mediating effect of trait
      aggressivity.
AB  - This study investigated the mediating effect of trait aggressivity on the
      relation between agreeableness and alcohol-related aggression in a laboratory
      setting. Participants were 116 healthy male social drinkers between 21 and 30
      years of age. Agreeableness and trait aggressivity were measured using the Big
      Five Inventory and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, respectively.
      Following the consumption of an alcohol or no-alcohol control beverage,
      participants completed a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, in
      which electric shocks were received from and administered to a fictitious
      opponent during a competitive task. Aggression was operationalized as the
      proportion of the most extreme shocks delivered to the fictitious opponent under
      conditions of low and high provocation. Results indicated that lower levels of
      agreeableness were associated with higher levels of trait aggressivity. In turn,
      higher levels of trait aggressivity predicted extreme aggression in intoxicated,
      but not sober, participants under low, but not high, provocation. Findings
      highlight the importance of examining determinants of intoxicated aggression
      within a broader theoretical framework of personality.

PMID- 19968412
TI  - Embodiment, agency, and attitude change.
AB  - Attitude embodiment effects occur when the position or movement of a person's
      physical body changes the way the person evaluates an object. The present
      research investigated whether attitude embodiment effects depend more on
      biomechanical factors or on inferential cues to causal agency. Experiments 1 and
      2 showed that actual movements of the physical body are not necessary to create
      attitude embodiment effects when inferential cues imply agency for another
      person's physical movements. Experiment 3 showed that actual movements of the
      physical body are not sufficient to create attitude embodiment effects when
      inferential cues imply nonagency for those movements. In all 3 experiments,
      inferential cues to agency played a more important role in attitude embodiment
      effects than did actual agency, suggesting that theories of embodiment and
      attitude embodiment need to consider inferential cues to agency alongside
      biomechanical mechanisms.

PMID- 19968413
TI  - Disgust and the moralization of purity.
AB  - Guided by appraisal-based models of the influence of emotion upon judgment, we
      propose that disgust moralizes--that is, amplifies the moral significance of-
      protecting the purity of the body and soul. Three studies documented that state
      and trait disgust, but not other negative emotions, moralize the purity moral
      domain but not the moral domains of justice or harm/care. In Study 1, integral
      feelings of disgust, but not integral anger, predicted stronger moral
      condemnation of behaviors violating purity. In Study 2, experimentally induced
      disgust, compared with induced sadness, increased condemnation of behaviors
      violating purity and increased approval of behaviors upholding purity. In Study
      3, trait disgust, but not trait anger or trait fear, predicted stronger
      condemnation of purity violations and greater approval of behaviors upholding
      purity. We found that, confirming the domain specificity of the disgust-purity
      association, disgust was unrelated to moral judgments about justice (Studies 1
      and 2) or harm/care (Study 3). Finally, across studies, individuals of lower
      socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely than individuals of higher SES to
      moralize purity but not justice or harm/care.

PMID- 19968415
TI  - Social class, sense of control, and social explanation.
AB  - Lower social class is associated with diminished resources and perceived
      subordinate rank. On the basis of this analysis, the authors predicted that
      social class would be closely associated with a reduced sense of personal control
      and that this association would explain why lower class individuals favor
      contextual over dispositional explanations of social events. Across 4 studies,
      lower social class individuals, as measured by subjective socioeconomic status
      (SES), endorsed contextual explanations of economic trends, broad social
      outcomes, and emotion. Across studies, the sense of control mediated the relation
      between subjective SES and contextual explanations, and this association was
      independent of objective SES, ethnicity, political ideology, and self-serving
      biases. Finally, experimentally inducing a higher sense of control attenuated the
      tendency for lower subjective SES individuals to make more contextual
      explanations (Study 4). Implications for future research on social class as well
      as theoretical distinctions between objective SES and subjective SES are
      discussed.

PMID- 19968416
TI  - Are we on the same wavelength? Interpersonal complementarity as shared cyclical
      patterns during interactions.
AB  - The present study addressed hypotheses about cyclical entrainment between
      interacting dyad members in their moment-to-moment levels of dominance and
      affiliation. Using a computer joystick technique, observers recorded the
      continuous stream of behavior for each partner in 50 mixed-sex dyads, and the
      data for each dyad were submitted to time-series analyses, including cross
      spectral analysis. Although potentially interesting individual differences
      emerged, in most dyads, partners shared behavior cycles of roughly the same
      frequency with strongly correlated variations in amplitude (coherence).
      Consistent with interpersonal theory, partners' affiliation behaviors were very
      strongly in phase, whereas their dominance behaviors were equally strongly out of
      phase. In addition, these cyclical forms of interpersonal complementarity were
      distinguishable from other forms, such as mutual adjustment in overall levels.

PMID- 19968414
TI  - Alone in the crowd: the structure and spread of loneliness in a large social
      network.
AB  - The discrepancy between an individual's loneliness and the number of connections
      in a social network is well documented, yet little is known about the placement
      of loneliness within, or the spread of loneliness through, social networks. The
      authors use network linkage data from the population-based Framingham Heart Study
      to trace the topography of loneliness in people's social networks and the path
      through which loneliness spreads through these networks. Results indicated that
      loneliness occurs in clusters, extends up to 3 degrees of separation, is
      disproportionately represented at the periphery of social networks, and spreads
      through a contagious process. The spread of loneliness was found to be stronger
      than the spread of perceived social connections, stronger for friends than family
      members, and stronger for women than for men. The results advance understanding
      of the broad social forces that drive loneliness and suggest that efforts to
      reduce loneliness in society may benefit by aggressively targeting the people in
      the periphery to help repair their social networks and to create a protective
      barrier against loneliness that can keep the whole network from unraveling.

PMID- 19968417
TI  - Can self-verification strivings fully transcend the self-other barrier? Seeking
      verification of ingroup identities.
AB  - Recent research has demonstrated self-verification strivings in groups, such that
      people strive to verify collective identities, which are personal self-views
      (e.g., "sensitive") associated with group membership (e.g., "women"). Such
      demonstrations stop short of showing that the desire for self-verification can
      fully transcend the self-other barrier, as in people working to verify ingroup
      identities (e.g., "Americans are loud") even when such identities are not self
      descriptive ("I am quiet and unassuming"). Five studies focus on such ingroup
      verification strivings. Results indicate that people prefer to interact with
      individuals who verify their ingroup identities over those who enhance these
      identities (Experiments 1-5). Strivings for ingroup identity verification were
      independent of the extent to which the identities were self-descriptive but were
      stronger among participants who were highly invested in their ingroup identities,
      as reflected in high certainty of these identities (Experiments 1-4) and high
      identification with the group (Experiments 1-5). In addition, whereas past
      demonstrations of self-verification strivings have been limited to efforts to
      verify the content of identities (Experiments 1 to 3), the findings also show
      that they strive to verify the valence of their identities (i.e., the extent to
      which the identities are valued; Experiments 4 and 5). Self-verification
      strivings, rather than self-enhancement strivings, appeared to motivate
      participants' strivings for ingroup identity verification. Links to collective
      self-verification strivings and social identity theory are discussed.

PMID- 19968418
TI  - Ambient belonging: how stereotypical cues impact gender participation in computer
      science.
AB  - People can make decisions to join a group based solely on exposure to that
      group's physical environment. Four studies demonstrate that the gender difference
      in interest in computer science is influenced by exposure to environments
      associated with computer scientists. In Study 1, simply changing the objects in a
      computer science classroom from those considered stereotypical of computer
      science (e.g., Star Trek poster, video games) to objects not considered
      stereotypical of computer science (e.g., nature poster, phone books) was
      sufficient to boost female undergraduates' interest in computer science to the
      level of their male peers. Further investigation revealed that the stereotypical
      broadcast a masculine stereotype that discouraged women's sense of ambient
      belonging and subsequent interest in the environment (Studies 2, 3, and 4) but
      had no similar effect on men (Studies 3, 4). This masculine stereotype prevented
      women's interest from developing even in environments entirely populated by other
      women (Study 2). Objects can thus come to broadcast stereotypes of a group, which
      in turn can deter people who do not identify with these stereotypes from joining
      that group.

PMID- 19968419
TI  - Three types of shyness in Chinese children and the relation to effortful control.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to further differentiate 3 forms of shyness previously
      identified in Chinese children--shyness toward strangers, anxious shyness, and
      regulated shyness--by examining the relation of the 3 forms of shyness to
      children's inhibited behavior, physiological reactivity (measured by heart period
      [HP]), and effortful control. In Study 1 (N = 237; M age = 9.17 years), the
      authors examined the 3 forms of shyness in relation to children's inhibited
      behavior and HP assessed in 3 conditions: at baseline, during a stranger
      encounter, and in a card-sorting task with social evaluative cues. Results of
      confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a 3-factor model of shyness.
      Shyness toward strangers was associated with children's inhibition (positively)
      and HP (negatively) in the stranger encounter and children's HP (negatively) in
      the card-sorting session, whereas anxious shyness was related to children's
      inhibition (positively) and HP (negatively) in the card-sorting session.
      Regulated shyness was not associated with children's inhibition in any session
      but was negatively related to HP in the stranger encounter session. In Study 2 (N
      = 208; M age = 6.57 years), the authors examined children's shyness toward
      strangers and effortful control at age 6 years in relation to anxious and
      regulated shyness 2 years later. Results showed shyness toward strangers was
      related to regulated shyness among children with high or moderate effortful
      control, and shyness toward strangers was related to anxious shyness among
      children with low or moderate effortful control. Findings support a
      multidimensional view of shyness in Chinese children.

PMID- 19968420
TI  - Collective narcissism and its social consequences.
AB  - This article introduces the concept of collective narcissism--an emotional
      investment in an unrealistic belief about the in group's greatness--aiming to
      explain how feelings about an ingroup shape a tendency to aggress against
      outgroups. The results of 5 studies indicate that collective, but not individual,
      narcissism predicts intergroup aggressiveness. Collective narcissism is related
      to high private and low public collective self-esteem and low implicit group
      esteem. It predicts perceived threat from outgroups, unwillingness to forgive
      outgroups, preference for military aggression over and above social dominance
      orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, and blind patriotism. The relationship
      between collective narcissism and aggressiveness is mediated by perceived threat
      from outgroups and perceived insult to the ingroup. In sum, the results indicate
      that collective narcissism is a form of high but ambivalent group esteem related
      to sensitivity to threats to the ingroup's image and retaliatory aggression.

PMID- 19968421
TI  - The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation
      in behavior: fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis.
AB  - One of the fundamental questions in personality psychology is whether and how
      strongly trait standing relates to the traits that people actually manifest in
      their behavior when faced with real pressures and real consequences of their
      actions. One reason this question is fundamental is the common belief that traits
      do not predict how individuals behave, which leads to the reasonable conclusion
      that traits are not important to study. However, this conclusion is surprising
      given that there is almost no data on the ability of traits to predict
      distributions of naturally occurring, representative behaviors of individuals
      (and that there are many studies showing that traits do indeed predict specific
      behaviors). The authors describe a meta-analysis of 15 experience-sampling
      studies, conducted over the course of 8 years, amassing over 20,000 reports of
      trait manifestation in behavior. Participants reported traits on typical self
      report questionnaires, then described their current behavior multiple times per
      day for several days as the behavior was occurring. Results show that traits,
      contrary to expectations, were strongly predictive of individual differences in
      trait manifestation in behavior, predicting average levels with correlations
      between .42 and .56 (approaching .60 for stringently restricted studies). Several
      other ways of summarizing trait manifestation in behavior were also predicted
      from traits. These studies provide evidence that traits are powerful predictors
      of actual manifestation of traits in behavior.

PMID- 19968422
TI  - Different forces, same consequence: conscientiousness and competence beliefs are
      independent predictors of academic effort and achievement.
AB  - Conscientiousness and domain-specific competence beliefs are known to be highly
      important predictors of academic effort and achievement. Given their basis in
      distinct research traditions, however, these constructs have rarely been examined
      simultaneously. Three studies with 571, 415, and 1,535 students, respectively,
      found a moderate association between conscientiousness and competence beliefs.
      Both conscientiousness and competence beliefs meaningfully predicted academic
      effort, irrespective of how academic effort was measured (single-measurement
      questionnaire or diary data). The associations of competence beliefs with
      academic effort were highly domain specific, whereas conscientiousness was
      predictive of academic effort across a wide range of academic subjects.
      Conscientiousness and competence beliefs were also associated with academic
      achievement. Figural and verbal reasoning ability, although associated with
      academic achievement, only loosely predicted academic effort.

PMID- 19968423
TI  - The effects of chronic achievement motivation and achievement primes on the
      activation of achievement and fun goals.
AB  - This research examined the hypothesis that situational achievement cues can
      elicit achievement or fun goals depending on chronic differences in achievement
      motivation. In 4 studies, chronic differences in achievement motivation were
      measured, and achievement-denoting words were used to influence behavior. The
      effects of these variables were assessed on self-report inventories, task
      performance, task resumption following an interruption, and the pursuit of means
      relevant to achieving or having fun. Findings indicated that achievement priming
      (vs. control priming) activated a goal to achieve and inhibited a goal to have
      fun in individuals with chronically high-achievement motivation but activated a
      goal to have fun and inhibited a goal to achieve in individuals with chronically
      low-achievement motivation.

PMID- 19968424
TI  - The nature and structure of correlations among Big Five ratings: the halo-alpha
      beta model.
AB  - In light of consistently observed correlations among Big Five ratings, the
      authors developed and tested a model that combined E. L. Thorndike's (1920)
      general evaluative bias (halo) model and J. M. Digman's (1997) higher order
      personality factors (alpha and beta) model. With 4 multitrait-multimethod
      analyses, Study 1 revealed moderate convergent validity for alpha and beta across
      raters, whereas halo was mainly a unique factor for each rater. In Study 2, the
      authors showed that the halo factor was highly correlated with a validated
      measure of evaluative biases in self-ratings. Study 3 showed that halo is more
      strongly correlated with self-ratings of self-esteem than self-ratings of the Big
      Five, which suggests that halo is not a mere rating bias but actually reflects
      overly positive self-evaluations. Finally, Study 4 demonstrated that the halo
      bias in Big Five ratings is stable over short retest intervals. Taken together,
      the results suggest that the halo-alpha-beta model integrates the main findings
      in structural analyses of Big Five correlations. Accordingly, halo bias in self
      ratings is a reliable and stable bias in individuals' perceptions of their own
      attributes. Implications of the present findings for the assessment of Big Five
      personality traits in monomethod studies are discussed.

PMID- 19968425
TI  - Contour integration across spatial frequency.
AB  - Association field models of contour integration suggest that local band-pass
      elements are spatially grouped to global contours within limited bands of spatial
      frequency (Field, Hayes, & Hess, 1993). While results for local orientation and
      spacing variation render support for AF models, effects of spatial frequency (SF)
      have rarely been addressed. To explore whether contour integration occurs across
      SF, we studied human contour detection in Gabor random fields with SF jitter
      along the contour, and in the embedding field. Results show no impairment of
      contour detection when the contour elements are 1.25 octaves apart. Even with a
      SF separation of 2.25 octaves there is only moderate impairment. Because SF
      tuning functions measured for contextual interactions of neighbored single band
      pass elements indicate much smaller bandwidths (Polat & Sagi, 1993), the results
      imply that contour integration cannot rest solely on local locking among
      neighbored orientation and SF tuned mechanisms. Robustness across spatial
      frequency, and across color and depth, as found recently, indicates that local
      orientation based grouping integrates across other basic features. This suggests
      an origin in not too distal brain regions.

PMID- 19968426
TI  - The effects of handedness and reachability on perceived distance.
AB  - Previous research has suggested that perceived distances are scaled by the action
      capabilities of the body. The present studies showed that when "reachability" is
      constrained due to a difficult grasp required to pick up an object, perceived
      distance to the object increases. Participants estimated the distances to tools
      with handle orientations that made them either easy or difficult to grasp with
      their dominant and nondominant hands. Right-handed participants perceived tools
      that were more difficult to grasp to be farther away than tools that were easier
      to grasp. However, perceived distance did not differ in left-handed participants.
      These studies suggest that, when reaching toward a target, the distance to that
      target is scaled in terms of how far one can effectively reach, given the type of
      reaching posture that is executed. Furthermore, this effect is modulated by
      handedness.

PMID- 19968427
TI  - Perceptual load modulates object-based attention.
AB  - Two experimental series are reported using both reaction time (RT) and a data
      limited perceptual report to examine the effects of perceptual load on object
      based attention. Perceptual load was manipulated across 3 levels by increasing
      the complexity of perceptual judgments. Data from the RT-based experiments showed
      object-based effects when the target was near the cued location. Results from the
      data-limited procedure showed that, with low perceptual load, attention spread
      along the cued object, supporting an object-based attention account. As load
      increased, attention was constrained to object locations near the cue, but
      attention still favored the cued object, inconsistent with a scanning
      prioritization account of object-based attention effects. Furthermore, findings
      showed that perceptual load modulates object selection in a manner similar to
      spatial attention, suggesting that there might be a common process underlying
      object-based and spatial attention.

PMID- 19968428
TI  - Feature integration across space, time, and orientation.
AB  - The perception of a visual target can be strongly influenced by flanking stimuli.
      In static displays, performance on the target improves when the distance to the
      flanking elements increases-presumably because feature pooling and integration
      vanishes with distance. Here, we studied feature integration with dynamic
      stimuli. We show that features of single elements presented within a continuous
      motion stream are integrated largely independent of spatial distance (and
      orientation). Hence, space-based models of feature integration cannot be extended
      to dynamic stimuli. We suggest that feature integration is guided by perceptual
      grouping operations that maintain the identity of perceptual objects over space
      and time.

PMID- 19968429
TI  - The role of visual working memory in attentive tracking of unique objects.
AB  - When tracking moving objects in space humans usually attend to the objects'
      spatial locations and update this information over time. To what extent do
      surface features assist attentive tracking? In this study we asked participants
      to track identical or uniquely colored objects. Tracking was enhanced when
      objects were unique in color. The benefit was greater when the distance between
      distractors and targets was smaller, but was eliminated when the objects changed
      colors 1 to 4 times per second, even though at any instant they were always
      uniquely colored. In addition, tracking uniquely colored objects impaired a
      secondary color-memory task more than tracking identical objects, and holding
      several colors in working memory eliminated the advantage of tracking uniquely
      colored objects. Contrary to previous studies showing that feature information is
      poorly retained during tracking, these findings indicate that surface properties
      are stored in visual working memory to facilitate tracking performance.

PMID- 19968431
TI  - There's little return for attentional momentum.
AB  - Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a delay in response time (RT) to targets
      appearing at a previously cued location. The prevailing view is that IOR reflects
      visual-motor inhibition. The "attentional momentum" account rejects this idea,
      and instead proposes that IOR reflects an automatic shift of attention away from
      the cued location resulting in slower RTs to targets presented there and speeded
      RTs to targets opposite the cue (an opposite facilitation effect or OFE). The
      drawback of this account is that J. J. Snyder, W. C. Schmidt, and A. Kingstone
      (2001) showed that there are few data to support the OFE, and no evidence that
      the OFE accounts for the IOR effect. Despite this evidence, several recent
      studies have promoted attentional momentum as a valid explanation for the IOR
      effect. Reanalysis of these recent studies and new data reveal, again, that IOR
      routinely occurs in the absence of the OFE, and when the OFE does occur, the IOR
      effect need not be present. This double dissociation invalidates attentional
      momentum as an explanation for the IOR effect. Extant data support an inhibitory
      explanation of the IOR effect.

PMID- 19968430
TI  - Tests of the dynamic field theory and the spatial precision hypothesis: capturing
      a qualitative developmental transition in spatial working memory.
AB  - This study tested a dynamic field theory (DFT) of spatial working memory and an
      associated spatial precision hypothesis (SPH). Between 3 and 6 years of age,
      there is a qualitative shift in how children use reference axes to remember
      locations: 3-year-olds' spatial recall responses are biased toward reference axes
      after short memory delays, whereas 6-year-olds' responses are biased away from
      reference axes. According to the DFT and the SPH, quantitative improvements over
      development in the precision of excitatory and inhibitory working memory
      processes lead to this qualitative shift. Simulations of the DFT in Experiment 1
      predict that improvements in precision should cause the spatial range of targets
      attracted toward a reference axis to narrow gradually over development, with
      repulsion emerging and gradually increasing until responses to most targets show
      biases away from the axis. Results from Experiment 2 with 3- to 5-year-olds
      support these predictions. Simulations of the DFT in Experiment 3 quantitatively
      fit the empirical results and offer insights into the neural processes underlying
      this developmental change.

PMID- 19968432
TI  - How attentional systems process conflicting cues. The superiority of social over
      symbolic orienting revisited.
AB  - We investigated orienting of attention by social and symbolic cues presented
      inside/outside the locus of attention. Participants responded to laterally
      presented targets preceded by simultaneously presented gaze and arrow cues.
      Participants' attention was allocated to either of the cues and the other cue
      served as a distractor. In Experiments 1-4 nonpredictive cues were employed. The
      validity of the attended cue and distractor were varied orthogonally. Valid cues
      and distractors produced additive facilitation to reaction times when compared to
      invalid cues and distractors. The effects of gaze and arrow distractors were
      similar. When the cue was 100% valid and the distractor 50% valid (Experiment 5),
      distractor validity had no effect on reaction times. When realistic gaze and
      arrow cues were employed (Experiment 6), arrow but not gaze distractors
      influenced the reaction times. The results suggest that social and symbolic
      directional information can be integrated for attention orienting. The processing
      of social and symbolic directional information can be modulated by top-down
      control, but the efficiency of the control depends on the visual saliency of the
      cues.

PMID- 19968433
TI  - How you move is what you see: action planning biases selection in visual search.
AB  - Three experiments investigated the impact of planning and preparing a manual
      grasping or pointing movement on feature detection in a visual search task. The
      authors hypothesized that action planning may prime perceptual dimensions that
      provide information for the open parameters of that action. Indeed, preparing for
      grasping facilitated detection of size targets while preparing for pointing
      facilitated detection of luminance targets. Following the Theory of Event Coding
      (Hommel, Musseler, Aschersleben, & Prinz, 2001b), the authors suggest that
      perceptual dimensions may be intentionally weighted with respect to an intended
      action. More interesting, the action-related influences were observed only when
      participants searched for a predefined target. This implies that action-related
      weighting is not independent from task-relevance weighting. To account for our
      findings, the authors suggest an integrative model of visual search that
      incorporates input from action-planning processes.

PMID- 19968434
TI  - Bidirectional priming processes in the Simon task.
AB  - The Simon effect is mostly explained in terms of dual-route models, which imply
      unidirectional activation processes from stimulus features to response features.
      However, there is also evidence that these preactivated response features
      themselves prime corresponding stimulus features. From this perspective, the
      Simon effect should only occur whenever the response is unequivocally mapped to
      just 1 stimulus feature (one-to-one mapping). If, however, more than 1 stimulus
      feature is mapped to each spatial response (many-to-one mapping), priming
      activation should spread and thus reduce or eliminate the Simon effect. In a
      series of 4 Simon task experiments, the authors compared many-to-one with one-to
      one mapping, holding stimulus set size constant. As was expected, the Simon
      effect was only present with one-to-one mapping but was eliminated with many-to
      one mapping. The authors therefore suggest that the Simon effect also depends on
      priming from response features to stimulus features. Theoretical implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 19968435
TI  - The tactile continuity illusion.
AB  - We can perceive the continuity of an object or event by integrating
      spatially/temporally discrete sensory inputs. The mechanism underlying this
      perception of continuity has intrigued many researchers and has been well
      documented in both the visual and auditory modalities. The present study shows
      for the first time to our knowledge that an illusion of continuity also occurs
      with vibrotactile stimulation. We found that when the brief temporal gaps
      inserted into a vibrotactile target were filled with vibrotactile noise, the
      target vibration was perceived to continue through the noise if the target
      vibration was sufficiently weak relative to the noise. It is important that the
      illusory continuity of the vibration cannot be distinguished from the physically
      continuous vibration. These results therefore suggest that the continuity
      illusion is common to multiple sensory modalities and that it reflects a
      fundamental principle of perception.

PMID- 19968437
TI  - Causality and cross-modal integration.
AB  - Schutz and Lipscomb (2007) reported an audiovisual illusion in which the length
      of the gesture used to produce a sound altered the perception of that sound's
      duration. This contradicts the widely accepted claim that the auditory system
      generally dominates temporal tasks because of its superior temporal acuity. Here,
      in the first of 4 experiments, we show that impact gestures influence duration
      ratings of percussive but not sustained sounds. In the 2nd, we show that the
      illusion is present even if the percussive sound occurs up to 700 ms after the
      visible impact, but disappears if the percussive sound precedes the visible
      impact. In the 3rd experiment, we show that only the motion after the visible
      impact influences perceived tone duration. The 4th experiment (replacing the
      impact gestures with the written text long and short) suggests that the
      phenomenon is not due to response bias. Given that visual influence in this
      paradigm is dependent on the presence of an ecologically plausible audiovisual
      relationship, we conclude that cross-modal causality plays a key role in
      governing the integration of sensory information.

PMID- 19968438
TI  - Dynamics of representational change: entropy, action, and cognition.
AB  - Explaining how the cognitive system can create new structures has been a major
      challenge for cognitive science. Self-organization from the theory of nonlinear
      dynamics offers an account of this remarkable phenomenon. Two studies provide an
      initial test of the hypothesis that the emergence of new cognitive structure
      follows the same universal principles as emergence in other domains (e.g.,
      fluids, lasers). In both studies, participants initially solved gear-system
      problems by manually tracing the force across a system of gears. Subsequently,
      they discovered that the gears form an alternating sequence, thereby
      demonstrating a new cognitive structure. In both studies, dynamical analyses of
      action during problem solving predicted the spontaneous emergence of the new
      cognitive structure. Study 1 showed that a peak in entropy, followed by
      negentropy, key indicators of self-organization, predicted discovery of
      alternation. Study 2 replicated these effects, and showed that increasing
      environmental entropy accelerated discovery, a classic prediction from dynamics.
      Additional analyses based on the relationship between phase transitions and power
      law behavior provide converging evidence. The studies provide an initial
      demonstration of the emergence of cognitive structure through self-organization.

PMID- 19968439
TI  - Exploring mass perception with Markov chain Monte Carlo.
AB  - Several previous studies have examined the ability to judge the relative mass of
      objects in idealized collisions. With a newly developed technique of
      psychological Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (A. N. Sanborn & T. L. Griffiths,
      2008), this work explores participants' perceptions of different collision mass
      ratios. The results reveal interparticipant differences and a qualitative
      distinction between the perception of 1:1 and 1:2 ratios. The results strongly
      suggest that participants' perceptions of 1:1 collisions are described by simple
      heuristics. The evidence for 1:2 collisions favors heuristic perception models
      that are sensitive to the sign but not the magnitude of perceived mass
      differences.

PMID- 19968440
TI  - A generalized fraction: an entity smaller than one on the mental number line.
AB  - The representation of fractions in long-term memory (LTM) was investigated by
      examining the automatic processing of such numbers in a physical comparison task,
      and their intentional processing in a numerical comparison task. The size
      congruity effect (SiCE) served as a marker of automatic processing and
      consequently as an indicator of the access to the primitives of numerical
      representation in LTM. Mixed pairs composed of a natural number and a fraction
      showed both a SiCE and a distance effect. The SiCE for mixed pairs was stable
      across relative sizes of natural numbers compared to the fraction digits
      (Experiment 4). However, comparing pairs of fractions revealed a strong influence
      of fractional components: An inverse SiCE was found for pairs of unit fractions
      (Experiment 1), while no SiCE was found for pairs of non-unit fractions
      (Experiments 2-3). This leads to the conclusions that: (1) there are no unique
      representations of distinct fraction values in LTM, and (2) there is a
      representation of a "generalized fraction" as an "entity smaller than one" that
      emerges from the notational structure common to all fractions.

PMID- 19968442
TI  - Changes in the perceived duration of a narrowband sound induced by a preceding
      stimulus.
AB  - The authors show that a narrowband noise (NBN) is perceived as longer when
      presented immediately after a wideband noise (WBN), compared to when the WBN is
      absent. This effect depended on the WBN's frequency spectrum overlapping that of
      the NBN, and it increased as the duration of the WBN increased up to 300 ms. It
      decreased when a silent gap was introduced between the WBN and NBN, but remained
      significant for an easily detectable gap of 40 ms. A correlate of the effect was
      observed in the mismatch negativity (MMN) to a deviant stimulus, consisting of a
      WBN + NBN, presented in a sequence of more common isolated WBNs. The MMN latency
      was longer for an on-frequency than for an off-frequency WBN; and, more
      importantly, the size of this difference correlated across participants with the
      difference in perceived duration. A rhythm-adjustment experiment showed that the
      presence of an on-frequency WBN immediately preceding a tone caused that tone to
      be heard as starting earlier than when the WBN was absent. The results are
      discussed in relation to the continuity illusion and models of duration encoding.

PMID- 19968441
TI  - Reward rate optimization in two-alternative decision making: empirical tests of
      theoretical predictions.
AB  - The drift-diffusion model (DDM) implements an optimal decision procedure for
      stationary, 2-alternative forced-choice tasks. The height of a decision threshold
      applied to accumulating information on each trial determines a speed-accuracy
      tradeoff (SAT) for the DDM, thereby accounting for a ubiquitous feature of human
      performance in speeded response tasks. However, little is known about how
      participants settle on particular tradeoffs. One possibility is that they select
      SATs that maximize a subjective rate of reward earned for performance. For the
      DDM, there exist unique, reward-rate-maximizing values for its threshold and
      starting point parameters in free-response tasks that reward correct responses
      (R. Bogacz, E. Brown, J. Moehlis, P. Holmes, & J. D. Cohen, 2006). These optimal
      values vary as a function of response-stimulus interval, prior stimulus
      probability, and relative reward magnitude for correct responses. We tested the
      resulting quantitative predictions regarding response time, accuracy, and
      response bias under these task manipulations and found that grouped data
      conformed well to the predictions of an optimally parameterized DDM.

PMID- 19968443
TI  - Supervised and unsupervised learning of multidimensional acoustic categories.
AB  - Learning to recognize the contrasts of a language-specific phonemic repertoire
      can be viewed as forming categories in a multidimensional psychophysical space.
      Research on the learning of distributionally defined visual categories has shown
      that categories defined over 1 dimension are easy to learn and that learning
      multidimensional categories is more difficult but tractable under specific task
      conditions. In 2 experiments, adult participants learned either a unidimensional
      or a multidimensional category distinction with or without supervision (feedback)
      during learning. The unidimensional distinctions were readily learned and
      supervision proved beneficial, especially in maintaining category learning beyond
      the learning phase. Learning the multidimensional category distinction proved to
      be much more difficult and supervision was not nearly as beneficial as with
      unidimensionally defined categories. Maintaining a learned multidimensional
      category distinction was only possible when the distributional information that
      identified the categories remained present throughout the testing phase. We
      conclude that listeners are sensitive to both trial-by-trial feedback and the
      distributional information in the stimuli. Even given limited exposure, listeners
      learned to use 2 relevant dimensions, albeit with considerable difficulty.

PMID- 19968444
TI  - The influence of the phonological neighborhood clustering coefficient on spoken
      word recognition.
AB  - Clustering coefficient-a measure derived from the new science of networks-refers
      to the proportion of phonological neighbors of a target word that are also
      neighbors of each other. Consider the words bat, hat, and can, all of which are
      neighbors of the word cat; the words bat and hat are also neighbors of each
      other. In a perceptual identification task, words with a low clustering
      coefficient (i.e., few neighbors are neighbors of each other) were more
      accurately identified than words with a high clustering coefficient (i.e., many
      neighbors are neighbors of each other). In a lexical decision task, words with a
      low clustering coefficient were responded to more quickly than words with a high
      clustering coefficient. These findings suggest that the structure of the lexicon
      (i.e., the similarity relationships among neighbors of the target word measured
      by clustering coefficient) influences lexical access in spoken word recognition.
      Simulations of the TRACE and Shortlist models of spoken word recognition failed
      to account for the present findings. A framework for a new model of spoken word
      recognition is proposed.

PMID- 19968446
TI  - Binocular fixation disparity in single word displays.
AB  - It has been claimed that the recognition of words displayed in isolation is
      affected by the precise location at which they are fixated. However, this
      putative role for fixation location has yet to be reconciled with the finding
      from reading research that binocular fixations are often misaligned and,
      therefore, more than 1 location in a word is often fixated simultaneously. The
      accuracy and alignment of binocular fixations during single word processing have
      not been assessed previously. To investigate this issue, words were presented for
      lexical decision at locations around a central fixation point. Eye-tracking data
      revealed that participants often fixated inaccurately and that fixations were
      frequently misaligned, but that this did not affect word recognition. The
      findings show that binocular fixation disparity is pervasive even in single word
      displays and a potential source of confound for research into effects of fixation
      location on word recognition.

PMID- 19968445
TI  - Differential neural contributions to native- and foreign-language talker
      identification.
AB  - Humans are remarkably adept at identifying individuals by the sound of their
      voice, a behavior supported by the nervous system's ability to integrate
      information from voice and speech perception. Talker-identification abilities are
      significantly impaired when listeners are unfamiliar with the language being
      spoken. Recent behavioral studies describing the language-familiarity effect
      implicate functionally integrated neural systems for speech and voice perception,
      yet specific neuroscientific evidence demonstrating the basis for such
      integration has not yet been shown. Listeners in the present study learned to
      identify voices speaking a familiar (native) or unfamiliar (foreign) language.
      The talker-identification performance of neural circuitry in each cerebral
      hemisphere was assessed using dichotic listening. To determine the relative
      contribution of circuitry in each hemisphere to ecological (binaural) talker
      identification abilities, we compared the predictive capacity of dichotic
      performance on binaural performance across languages. Listeners' right-ear (left
      hemisphere) performance was a better predictor of binaural accuracy in their
      native language than a foreign one. This enhanced role of the classically
      language-dominant left hemisphere in listeners' native language demonstrates
      functionally integrated neural systems for speech and voice perception during
      talker identification.

PMID- 19968447
TI  - Word misperception, the neighbor frequency effect, and the role of sentence
      context: evidence from eye movements.
AB  - An eye movement experiment was conducted to investigate whether the processing of
      a word can be affected by its higher frequency neighbor (HFN). Target words with
      an HFN (birch) or without one (spruce) were embedded into 2 types of sentence
      frames: 1 in which the HFN (birth) could fit given the prior sentence context,
      and 1 in which it could not. The results suggest that words can be misperceived
      as their HFN, and that top-down information from sentence context strongly
      modulates this effect. Implications for models of word recognition and eye
      movements during reading are discussed.

PMID- 19968448
TI  - Expectations and experiences associated with rural GP placements.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Evidence indicates a need to recruit more GPs to a career in rural
      general practice (GP). Research has indicated that placement experiences have the
      potential to impact on medical career decision-making. Research also suggests
      that rural placements can raise both professional and psychosocial concerns, but
      there is no existing evidence about whether pre-placement expectations translate
      into actual placement experiences. This study aimed to explore both the pre
      placement expectations and the post-placement experiences of GP registrars
      undertaking a rural placement. METHOD: A qualitative research design was used
      where 11 pre-rural placement and 19 post-rural placement GP registrars associated
      with the Adelaide to Outback GP Training Program (AOGP) were interviewed until no
      new information emerged. An even distribution of gender and training pathway was
      achieved. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis, which explored the pre
      placement expectations and the post-placement experiences of GP registrars
      undertaking a rural placement. Rater consensus was achieved for the themes
      extracted. RESULTSs: Analysis resulted in positive and negative pre-placement
      expectation and post-placement experience themes. One-third of pre-placement
      expectations were positive. The overall trend was for negative expectation themes
      to be viewed positively by registrars interviewed post-placement. Five positive
      post-placement experience themes, relating to support received, were not
      identified at pre-placement. This demonstrates that there are positive rural
      placement experiences that are not understood by registrars before their
      placement ('being known to all', 'support from AOGP', 'support from Division',
      'support from family and friends' and 'self-initiated support'). The only
      negative expectations that were also discussed by registrars post-placement as
      negative experiences were 'separation from family', 'busy workload' and
      'driving'. The negative expectations that were also viewed as negative
      experiences were 'separation from family', 'busy workload' and 'driving', which
      are difficult to change but should be discussed and planned for pre-placement.
      CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results it is important for GP supervisors, regional
      training providers, Divisions and rural workforce agencies to work together to
      ensure that registrars are provided with information and support pre-placement to
      alleviate their unwarranted negative expectations, while confirming warranted
      positive expectations. Warranted negative expectations should also be discussed
      beforehand to plan strategies for managing them during the placement. If the
      findings are used in this way, an improvement in overall rural placement
      experience could be expected.

PMID- 19968449
TI  - Introduction. Psychosomatic medicine.

PMID- 19968450
TI  - Models of care for co-occurring mental and medical disorders.
AB  - In this article we review practice models for treating common mental disorders in
      primary care. Novel treatment approaches by primary care providers and specialty
      providers, including collaborative care and telepsychiatric models, show
      considerable promise. An understanding of remaining barriers to improved care
      suggests several possible solutions and future directions for outpatient
      psychosomatic medicine.

PMID- 19968451
TI  - Psycho-oncology.
AB  - The psychosocial and psychiatric sequelae of cancer are highly prevalent,
      diverse, and challenging for clinicians to manage. A growing body of literature
      has generated methods for the reliable screening, assessment, and management of
      these sequelae, including the treatment of psychiatric disorders that may
      complicate the course of cancer. To meet the specific needs of this patient
      population, psycho-oncologists worldwide have begun to train more and more social
      workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists who can provide consultative services
      in support of the psychiatric care of cancer patients and their families at all
      stages of disease, including cancer survivorship. This review presents an
      overview of the history of psycho-oncology, common psychological responses to
      cancer, factors in adapting to cancer, epidemiology, the assessment and
      management of major psychiatric disorders in cancer patients, cancer-related
      fatigue, the cognitive effects of cancer and cancer treatment, issues related to
      the psychosocial care of families (including bereavement), and psychological
      issues for staff caring for cancer patients.

PMID- 19968452
TI  - Depression and related psychological factors in heart disease.
AB  - In this article we review the role of depression and other related psychological
      factors in heart disease. The prevalence of heart disease in patients with
      depression is high, and epidemiological links between depression and heart
      disease are evident in studies of community samples, psychiatric patients, and
      heart disease patients. We also describe the links between heart disease and
      related psychological factors-including vital exhaustion, Type A behavior
      pattern, anger and hostility, and Type D personality-and summarize proposed
      mechanisms that may link negative affects with heart disease. Finally, we review
      treatment of depression in heart disease, including evidence from several large
      clinical trials.

PMID- 19968453
TI  - Psychodynamics in medically ill patients.
AB  - This article explores the role of psychodynamics as it applies to the
      understanding and treatment of medically ill patients in the consultation-liaison
      psychiatry setting. It provides historical background that spans the eras from
      Antiquity (Hippocrates and Galen) to nineteenth-century studies of hysteria
      (Charcot, Janet, and Freud) and into the twentieth century (Flanders Dunbar,
      Alexander, Engle, and the DSM). The article then discusses the effects of
      personality on medical illness, treatment, and patients' ability to cope by
      reviewing the works of Bibring, Kahana, and others. The important contribution of
      attachment theory is reviewed as it pertains the patient-physician relationship
      and the health behavior of physically ill patients. A discussion of conversion
      disorder is offered as an example of psychodynamics in action. This article
      highlights the important impact of countertransference, especially in terms of
      how it relates to patients who are extremely difficult and "hateful," and
      explores the dynamics surrounding the topic of physician-assisted suicide, as it
      pertains to the understanding of a patient's request to die. Some attention is
      also given to the challenges surrounding the unique experience of residents
      learning how to treat medically ill patients on the consultation-liaison service.
      Ultimately, this article concludes that the use and understanding of
      psychodynamics and psychodynamic theory allows consultation-liaison psychiatrists
      the opportunity to interpret the life narratives of medically ill patients in a
      meaningful way that contributes importantly to treatment.

PMID- 19968454
TI  - Psychiatric issues in solid organ transplantation.
AB  - The identification and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity in patients
      undergoing solid organ transplantation present a unique opportunity for
      psychiatric involvement in the care of medically complex patients. The burden of
      psychiatric illness in patients awaiting transplant and following transplant is
      significant and associated with potential morbidity and mortality. Possibilities
      for psychiatric liaison with our colleagues in transplant medicine and surgery
      start with the comprehensive psychiatric evaluation that is often performed with
      potential organ recipients and donors. The vital role of the psychiatrist
      continues following transplantation, as adjustment is often a stressful
      experience with associated psychiatric comorbidity. The treatment of psychiatric
      illness in patients following transplantation requires an understanding of the
      immunosuppressant medications that patients may be taking, coupled with an
      awareness of the associated risks of adverse effects and drug-drug interactions.

PMID- 19968455
TI  - Comorbid pain, depression, and anxiety: multifaceted pathology allows for
      multifaceted treatment.
AB  - The care of patients who suffer from physical pain and a psychiatric illness is
      typically challenging because of the complex interplay of affective, behavioral,
      cognitive, and physical aspects of pain. Psychiatrists are often asked to
      evaluate patients with pain because of a concern for comorbid depression and
      anxiety, and fears of suicidality as a result of pain. This article reviews the
      pathophysiology of comorbid pain, anxiety, and depression, along with the
      treatment modalities (pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, and "alternative") that
      may benefit all three conditions.

PMID- 19968457
TI  - Economic consequences of ACS-related rehospitalizations in the US.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine economic consequences related to rehospitalization
      following initial acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treatment in United States
      managed care settings. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational studies.
      RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective observational studies were conducted
      on two managed care populations to examine medical encounter insurance claims and
      charges for ACS-related rehospitalizations following an index hospitalization for
      new onset ACS (2002-2007). All charges were adjusted to year 2007 United States
      Dollars (USDs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcomes for this study were the
      direct charges related to ACS rehospitalizations as captured in two separate
      medical encounter claims databases. RESULTS: Of the 11,266 ACS patients
      identified for analysis in the health system plan, 3588 (32%) had at least one
      ACS rehospitalization. Of the 97,177 ACS patients enrolled in the nationally
      representative managed care database, 32,578 (34%) had at least one ACS-related
      rehospitalization. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that coronary artery bypass
      graft (CABG) was the strongest predictor of increased charges during the
      recurrence in both populations (p < 0.0001). When controlling for length of stay
      (LOS) in the model, CABG remained a significant predictor of increased charges,
      while percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stent insertion became even
      stronger predictors of increased charges. CONCLUSIONS: The costs associated with
      ACS-related rehospitalizations in a real-world setting are high, even when
      controlling for known cost drivers such as length of stay.

PMID- 19968458
TI  - Impact of ITP on physician visits and workplace productivity.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) on
      primary care and specialist visits and workplace productivity. RESEARCH DESIGN
      AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study comparing ITP patients
      to age- and gender-matched controls. Subjects completed a one-time web-based
      survey, which included questions on work loss, work productivity, and physician
      visits. ITP patients and controls were compared on these outcomes. For ITP
      patients, the relationship between work-related issues and physician visits with
      clinical characteristics (time since diagnosis, platelet count, number of
      treatments received, and an ITP-specific health-related quality of life measure,
      the ITP-PAQ) was explored. RESULTS: A total of 1002 ITP patients and 1031
      controls completed the survey. On average, ITP patients were 46 years old,
      diagnosed 9 years ago, and had platelet counts of 148 x 10(9)/L; 37% had
      undergone splenectomy. More ITP patients had primary care (20% vs. 11%) and
      specialist (28% vs. 11%) visits in the past month versus controls (p < or =
      0.001). Higher proportions of ITP patients have ever taken sick leave (56% vs.
      30%), and missed chore hours in the past week (18% vs. 13%) (p < or = 0.003). ITP
      patients scored significantly worse than controls on all six work productivity
      items. Patients diagnosed within the past year were more likely to have
      specialist visits and to miss chore hours versus those diagnosed less recently.
      Worse ITP-PAQ scores and more ITP-related treatments were related to more
      physician visits and worse work-related and productivity outcomes. Platelet count
      is not associated with these outcomes. The study is limited by the potential for
      biased samples due to recruitment approaches, the inherent issues of a cross
      sectional study design and recall bias in questionnaire responses. CONCLUSIONS:
      ITP was consistently associated with more physician visits and worse work and
      productivity outcomes. Future research should build on these findings by
      calculating a comprehensive cost-of-illness of ITP including both direct and
      indirect costs.

PMID- 19968459
TI  - Microbial diversity in endostromatolites (cf. Fissure Calcretes) and in the
      surrounding permafrost landscape, Haughton impact structure region, Devon Island,
      Canada.
AB  - In recent years, endostromatolites, which consist of finely laminated calcite
      columns that grow orthogonally within millimeter- to centimeter-thick fissures in
      limestone bedrock outcrops, have been discovered in dolomitic outcrops in the
      Haughton impact structure region, Devon Island, Canada. The growth mechanism of
      the endostromatolites is believed to be very slow and possibly intertwined with
      biotic and abiotic processes. Therefore, to discern how endostromatolites form in
      this polar desert environment, the composition of the microbial community of
      endostromatolites was determined by means of molecular phylogenetic analysis and
      compared to the microbial communities found in the surrounding soils. The
      microbial community present within endostromatolites can be inferred to be (given
      the predominant metabolic traits of related organisms) mostly aerobic and
      chemoheterotrophic, and belongs in large part to the phylum Actinobacteria and
      the subphylum Alphaproteobacteria. The identification of these bacteria suggests
      that the conditions within the fissure were mostly oxidizing during the growth of
      endostromatolite. The DNA sequences also indicate that a number of bacteria that
      closely resemble Rubrobacter radiotolerans are abundant in the endostromatolites
      as well as other Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. Some of these taxa have
      been associated with calcite precipitation, which suggests that the
      endostromatolites might in fact be microbially mediated. Bacterial communities
      from nearby permanently frozen soils were more diverse and harbored all the phyla
      found in the endostromatolites with additional taxa. This study on the microbial
      communities preserved in potentially microbially mediated secondary minerals in
      the Arctic could help in the search for evidence of life-forms near the edge of
      habitability on other planetary bodies.

PMID- 19968460
TI  - Capillary electrophoresis analysis of organic amines and amino acids in saline
      and acidic samples using the Mars organic analyzer.
AB  - The Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA) has enabled the sensitive detection of amino acid
      and amine biomarkers in laboratory standards and in a variety of field sample
      tests. However, the MOA is challenged when samples are extremely acidic and
      saline or contain polyvalent cations. Here, we have optimized the MOA analysis,
      sample labeling, and sample dilution buffers to handle such challenging samples
      more robustly. Higher ionic strength buffer systems with pK(a) values near pH 9
      were developed to provide better buffering capacity and salt tolerance. The
      addition of ethylaminediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ameliorates the negative
      effects of multivalent cations. The optimized protocol utilizes a 75 mM borate
      buffer (pH 9.5) for Pacific Blue labeling of amines and amino acids. After
      labeling, 50 mM (final concentration) EDTA is added to samples containing
      divalent cations to ameliorate their effects. This optimized protocol was used to
      successfully analyze amino acids in a saturated brine sample from Saline Valley,
      California, and a subcritical water extract of a highly acidic sample from the
      Rio Tinto, Spain. This work expands the analytical capabilities of the MOA and
      increases its sensitivity and robustness for samples from extraterrestrial
      environments that may exhibit pH and salt extremes as well as metal ions.

PMID- 19968461
TI  - Prebiotic metabolism: production by mineral photoelectrochemistry of alpha
      ketocarboxylic acids in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle.
AB  - A reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle could have fixed carbon dioxide as
      biochemically useful energy-storage molecules on early Earth. Nonenzymatic
      chemical pathways for some steps of the rTCA cycle, however, such as the
      production of the alpha-ketocarboxylic acids pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate,
      remain a challenging problem for the viability of the proposed prebiotic cycle.
      As a class of compounds, alpha-ketocarboxylic acids have high free energies of
      formation that disfavor their production. We report herein the production of
      pyruvate from lactate and of alpha-ketoglutarate from pyruvate in the millimolar
      concentration range as promoted by ZnS mineral photoelectrochemistry. Pyruvate is
      produced from the photooxidation of lactate with 70% yield and a quantum
      efficiency of 0.009 at 15 degrees C across the wavelength range of 200-400 nm.
      The produced pyruvate undergoes photoreductive back reaction to lactate at a 30%
      yield and with a quantum efficiency of 0.0024. Pyruvate alternatively continues
      in photooxidative forward reaction to alpha-ketoglutarate with a 50% yield and a
      quantum efficiency of 0.0036. The remaining 20% of the carbon follows side
      reactions that produce isocitrate, glutarate, and succinate. Small amounts of
      acetate are also produced. The results of this study suggest that alpha
      ketocarboxylic acids produced by mineral photoelectrochemistry could have
      participated in a viable enzyme-free cycle for carbon fixation in an environment
      where light, sulfide minerals, carbon dioxide, and other organic compounds
      interacted on prebiotic Earth.

PMID- 19968462
TI  - Chemotrophic microbial mats and their potential for preservation in the rock
      record.
AB  - Putative microbialites are commonly regarded to have formed in association with
      photosynthetic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria. However, many modern
      microbial mat ecosystems are dominated by chemotrophic bacteria and archaea. Like
      phototrophs, filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria form large mats at the
      sediment/water interface that can act to stabilize sediments, and their metabolic
      activities may mediate the formation of marine phosphorites. Similarly, bacteria
      and archaea associated with the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) catalyze the
      precipitation of seafloor authigenic carbonates. When preserved, lipid
      biomarkers, isotopic signatures, body fossils, and lithological indicators of the
      local depositional environment may be used to identify chemotrophic mats in the
      rock record. The recognition of chemotrophic communities in the rock record has
      the potential to transform our understanding of ancient microbial ecologies,
      evolution, and geochemical conditions. Chemotrophic microbes on Earth occupy
      naturally occurring interfaces between oxidized and reduced chemical species and
      thus may provide a new set of search criteria to target life-detection efforts on
      other planets.

PMID- 19968463
TI  - Microbial species richness and metabolic activities in hypersaline microbial
      mats: insight into biosignature formation through lithification.
AB  - Microbial mats in the hypersaline lake of Salt Pan, Eleuthera, Bahamas, display a
      gradient of lithification along a transect from the center to the shore of the
      lake. These mats exist under similar geochemical conditions, with light quantity
      and quality as the sole major environmental difference. Therefore, we
      hypothesized that the microbial community may be driving the differences in
      lithification and, by extension, mineral biosignature formation. The lithifying
      and non-lithifying mat communities were compared (via 16S rRNA gene sequencing,
      485 and 464 sequences, respectively) over both temporal and spatial scales. Seven
      bacterial groups dominated in all the microbial mat libraries: bacteriodetes,
      alphaproteobacteria, deltaproetobacteria, chloroflexi, spirochaetes,
      cyanobacteria, and planctomycetes. The mat communities were all significantly
      different over space, time, and lithification state. Species richness is
      significantly higher in the non-lithifying mats, potentially due to differences
      in mat structure and activity. This increased richness may impact lithification
      and, hence, biosignature production.

PMID- 19968464
TI  - The role of biofilms in the sedimentology of actively forming gypsum deposits at
      Guerrero Negro, Mexico.
AB  - Actively forming gypsum deposits at the Guerrero Negro sabkha and saltern system
      provided habitats for stratified, pigmented microbial communities that exhibited
      significant morphological and phylogenetic diversity. These deposits ranged from
      meter-thick gypsum crusts forming in saltern seawater concentration ponds to
      columnar microbial mats with internally crystallized gypsum granules developing
      in natural anchialine pools. Gypsum-depositing environments were categorized as
      forming precipitation surfaces, biofilm-supported surfaces, and clastic surfaces.
      Each surface type was described in terms of depositional environment, microbial
      diversity, mineralogy, and sedimentary fabrics. Precipitation surfaces developed
      in high-salinity subaqueous environments where rates of precipitation outpaced
      the accumulation of clastic, organic, and/or biofilm layers. These surfaces
      hosted endolithic biofilms comprised predominantly of oxygenic and anoxygenic
      phototrophs, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and bacteria from the phylum
      Bacteroidetes. Biofilm-supported deposits developed in lower-salinity subaqueous
      environments where light and low water-column turbulence supported dense benthic
      microbial communities comprised mainly of oxygenic phototrophs. In these
      settings, gypsum granules precipitated in the extracellular polymeric substance
      (EPS) matrix as individual granules exhibiting distinctive morphologies. Clastic
      surfaces developed in sabkha mudflats that included gypsum, carbonate, and
      siliclastic particles with thin gypsum/biofilm components. Clastic surfaces were
      influenced by subsurface brine sheets and capillary evaporation and precipitated
      subsedimentary gypsum discs in deeper regions. Biofilms appeared to influence
      both chemical and physical sedimentary processes in the various subaqueous and
      subaerially exposed environments studied. Biofilm interaction with chemical
      sedimentary processes included dissolution and granularization of precipitation
      surfaces, formation of gypsum crystals with equant and distorted habits, and
      precipitation of trace carbonate and oxide phases. Fine-scale wrinkle structures
      visible in clastic surfaces of sabkha environments offered evidence of the
      biofilm's role in physical sedimentary processes. These findings are highly
      relevant to astrobiology because they expand and refine the known characteristics
      of gypsum deposits, including their biological components.

PMID- 19968465
TI  - Development of lower Triassic wrinkle structures: implications for the search for
      life on other planets.
AB  - Wrinkle structures are microbially mediated sedimentary structures that are a
      common feature of Proterozoic and earliest Phanerozoic siliciclastic seafloors on
      Earth and occur only rarely in post-Cambrian strata. These macroscopic
      microbially induced sedimentary structures are readily identifiable at the
      outcrop scale, and their recognition on other planetary bodies by landed missions
      may suggest the presence of past microbial life. Wrinkle structures of the Lower
      Triassic (Spathian) Virgin Limestone Member of the Moenkopi Formation in the
      western United States record an occurrence of widespread microbialite formation
      in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction, the largest biotic crisis of the
      Phanerozoic. Wrinkle structures occur on proximal sandy tempestites deposited
      within the offshore transition. Storm layers appear to have been rapidly
      colonized by microbial mats and were subsequently buried by mud during fair
      weather conditions. Wrinkle structures exhibit flat-topped crests and sinuous
      troughs, with associated mica grains oriented parallel to bedding, suggestive of
      trapping and binding activity. Although Lower Triassic wrinkle structures
      postdate the widespread occurrence of these features during the Proterozoic and
      Cambrian, they exhibit many of the same characteristics and environmental trends,
      which suggests a conservation of microbial formational and preservational
      processes in subtidal siliciclastic settings on Earth from the Precambrian into
      the Phanerozoic. In the search for extraterrestrial life, it may be these
      conservative characteristics that prove to be the most useful and robust for
      recognizing microbial features on other planetary bodies, and may add to an ever
      growing foundation of knowledge for directing future explorations aimed at
      seeking out macroscopic microbial signatures.

PMID- 19968466
TI  - A biosignature suite from cave pool precipitates, Cottonwood Cave, New Mexico.
AB  - Calcite cave pool precipitates often display a variety of potential biosignatures
      from the macroscopic to the submicroscopic. A fossil cave pool in Cottonwood
      Cave, New Mexico, exhibits older stalactites and stalagmites that are completely
      coated in brown, laminated calcitic crust that extends down as pool fingers and u
      loops. The pool fingers and u-loops are mainly micrite to clotted micrite, some
      recrystallized to microspar, with some isopachous spar layers. Micrite,
      particularly clotted micrite, is usually interpreted by carbonate workers as
      microbial in origin. Scanning electron microscopy examination of etched pool
      fingers, u-loops, and the brown crust revealed abundant calcified microbial
      filaments and biofilm. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that these
      features have excess carbon, above that found in pure calcite. Independent carbon
      analysis indicated that these same samples contain up to 0.2% organic carbon.
      Since pool fingers hang down but form underwater, we hypothesize they are
      biogenic with hanging microbial filaments or biofilm acting as nuclei for calcite
      precipitation. Because of the abundance of micrite and fossil filaments, we
      further hypothesize that these pendant features formed during a period of
      plentiful nutrients and active hydrological activity when the pool was literally
      dripping with microbial slime. Although each of these lines of evidence could be
      interpreted in other ways, their combined weight strongly suggests the cave pool
      precipitates in Cottonwood Cave are biogenic. These investigations can be used to
      help inform extraterrestrial life-detection studies.

PMID- 19968467
TI  - Planarians maintain a constant ratio of different cell types during changes in
      body size by using the stem cell system.
AB  - Planarians change in body size depending upon whether they are in feeding or
      starving conditions. To investigate how planarians regulate this flexible system,
      the numbers of total cells and specific cell types were counted and compared
      among worms 2 mm to 9 mm in body length. The total cell number increased linearly
      with increasing body length, but the ratio of cell numbers between the head and
      the trunk portion was constant (1:3). Interestingly, counting the numbers of
      specific neurons in the eye and brain after immunostaining using cell type
      specific antibodies revealed that the ratio between different neuron types was
      constant regardless of the brain and body size. These results suggest that
      planarians can maintain proportionality while changing their body size by
      maintaining a constant ratio of different cell types. To understand this system
      and reveal how planarians restore the original ratio during eye and brain
      regeneration, the numbers of specialized cells were Investigated during
      regeneration. The results further substantiate the existence of some form of
      "counting mechanism" that has the ability to regulate both the absolute and
      relative numbers of different cell types in complex organs such as the brain
      during cell turnover, starvation, and regeneration.

PMID- 19968468
TI  - Early development and cleavage pattern of the Japanese purple mussel, Septifer
      virgatus.
AB  - Despite easy access to bivalves, few studies have examined the development of
      these animals, at least in part because most bivalve eggs are very small. In
      addition, annotating cells of the early bivalve embryo is difficult because few
      landmarks are present. We conducted detailed cell annotations of the Japanese
      purple mussel, Septifer virgatus, during early embryogenesis because of its
      relatively large eggs (ca. 130 microm in diameter). Septifer virgatus underwent
      the unique cell division profile reported for four other bivalve species,
      suggesting that the cleavage pattern itself is important for bivalve
      morphogenesis. The shell field invagination was led by 2d (X) lineage cells,
      supporting the hypothesis that lineage cells differentiate into cells excreting
      the shell matrix. The large egg size enabled us to trace cell movements in the
      early gastrulation phase, during which the invagination of the archenteron was
      initiated by 4d (M) lineage cells. These observations will serve as a basis for
      future analyses of S. virgatus embryogenesis and will contribute to understanding
      the evolution of the molluscan body plan, which is achieved by modification of
      early embryogenesis.

PMID- 19968469
TI  - Exploitation of food resources by the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) at the
      altitudinal limit of its alpine range (NW Italy).
AB  - Food availability has been suggested to be the main factor shaping the
      altitudinal limits of species distributions. We analyzed the badger (Meles meles)
      diet in the western Italian Alps and, particularly, at the altitudinal limit of
      its range, with the main aim of highlighting any reduction in earthworm
      availability with altitude which could act as a limiting factor for badgers.
      Earthworms were by far the main food resource of badgers, followed by fruit. The
      two-month importance of these two items in badger diet was inversely correlated.
      Earthworm consumption was negatively correlated with air temperature. The
      seasonal pattern of earthworm use by badgers seemed to be influenced by the
      reproduction and estivation times of some epigeic species, rather than by
      climatic conditions per se. The eating of fruit by badgers was at least in part
      independent from the availability of earthworms. The badgers' efficacy in preying
      upon earthworms also in adverse conditions and their reliance on a wide variety
      of food resources suggest that worm availability might play a minor role in
      shaping the altitudinal limit of the species on the Alps.

PMID- 19968470
TI  - Immunological characterization and distribution of three GnRH forms in the brain
      and pituitary gland of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus).
AB  - The presence of three gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) forms in the brain of
      the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, namely, salmon GnRH (sGnRH), chicken GnRH
      II (cGnRH-II), and seabream GnRH (sbGnRH), was confirmed by combined high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR
      FIA). Immunocytochemical localization of the three GnRH forms in the brain was
      Investigated by using specific antisera, to elucidate possible roles of each GnRH
      form in reproduction in this species, and double immunolabeling was used to
      localize GnRH-ir (immunoreactive) fibers Innervating the pituitary. sGnRH-ir
      neurons were localized in the ventral olfactory bulb and terminal nerve ganglion
      region. Further, sGnRH-ir fibers were found in different regions of the brain,
      with prominent fibers running in parallel in the preoptic area (POA) without
      entering the pituitary. cGnRH-II-ir cell bodies were observed only in the
      midbrain tegmentum region, with a wide distribution of fibers, which were dense
      in the midbrain tegmentum and spinal cord. SbGnRH-ir cell bodies were localized
      in the nucleus preopticus of the POA, with fibers in the olfactory bulb, POA, and
      hypothalamus. Among the three GnRH forms, only SbGnRH-ir fibers innervated the
      pituitary gland from the preoptic-hypothalamic region, targeting follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)-producing cells in the
      proximal pars distalis, as demonstrated by double immunocytochemistry. The
      localization of the GnRH-ir system was similar in male and female fish. These
      results demonstrate that multiple GnRH forms exist in the brain of the chub
      mackerel and suggest that they serve different functions, with SbGnRH having a
      significant role in reproduction in stimulating FSH- and LH-producing cells, and
      sGnRH and cGnRH-II serving as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.

PMID- 19968471
TI  - Biochemical analysis and immunohistochemical examination of a GnRH-like
      immunoreactive peptide in the central nervous system of a decapod crustacean, the
      kuruma prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus).
AB  - We examined whether a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like peptide exists
      in the central nervous system (CNS) of the kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus,
      by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rpHPLC) combined with
      time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) analysis and by immunohistochemistry.
      The displacement curve obtained for serially diluted extracts of the kuruma prawn
      brain paralleled the chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) standard curve obtained by cGnRH
      II TR-FIA using the anti-cGnRH-II antibody, which cross-reacts not only with
      cGnRH-II but also with lamprey GnRH-II (lGnRH-II) and octopus GnRH (octGnRH).
      Extracts of kuruma prawn brains and eyestalks showed a similar retention time to
      synthetic lGnRH-II and octGnRH in rpHPLC combined with TR-FIA analysis. Using
      this antibody, we detected GnRH-like-immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies in the
      anterior-most part of the supraesophageal ganglion (brain), the protocerebrum.
      Furthermore, GnRH-like-ir fibers were observed in the protocerebrum and
      deutocerebrum. In the eyestalk, GnRH-like-ir cell bodies were detected in the
      medulla interna, and GnRH-like-ir fibers were distributed in the medulla interna,
      medulla externa, and lamina ganglionalis. In the thoracic ganglion, GnRH-like-ir
      fibers, but not GnRH-like-ir cell bodies, were detected. No GnRH-like-ir cell
      bodies or fibers were detected in the abdominal ganglion or ovary. Thus, we have
      shown the existence and distribution of a GnRH-like peptide in the CNS of the
      kuruma prawn.

PMID- 19968472
TI  - Three-dimensionally preserved decapod larval compound eyes from the Cretaceous
      Santana Formation of Brazil.
AB  - Compound eyes are common in decapod crustaceans. Decapods have an abundant post
      Palaeozoic fossil record, but hitherto morphological information about their eyes
      has been mainly restricted to Recent material. Here we report the discovery of
      compound eyes recovered from acetic acid residues of two fish-bearing nodules
      from the Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil; they include what are identified
      as decapod larval compound eyes. The fossil eyes are comparable to phyllosoma
      larval eyes because of the following characters: the hemispherical visual surface
      on a stalked eye; the relatively small-size of the visual surface of the eye;
      rounded facets are arranged in square arrays in the anterior region; the fact
      that the neighboring ommatidia are bounded by ridges and/ or grooves; and the
      more convex inner surface of the cornea lens. This report represents the first
      description of a three-dimensionally preserved fossil decapod eye. We conclude
      that the eyes probably represent palinuroid phyllosoma larval eyes and were an
      adaptation to a planktonic lifestyle.

PMID- 19968473
TI  - Complete mitochondrial genome of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax
      striatellus (Delphacidae: Hemiptera), with a novel gene order.
AB  - We determined the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence from
      a representative of the insect family Delphacidae, Laodelphax striatellus. The
      16,513 bp long L. striatellus mitogenome encodes 13 putative proteins, two
      ribosomal RNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs, and contains a putative control region (or
      A+T-rich region). The nucleotide composition is biased toward adenine and thymine
      (77.2% A+T), and the amino acid composition is affected to a similar degree by
      the AT mutational bias. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with a typical
      ATN initiation codon. Eight of 13 PCGs in L. striatellus have a complete
      termination codon (TAA), whereas the remaining five have incomplete termination
      codons. The anticodons of the L. striatellus tRNAs are identical to those in
      Drosophila yakuba, and all tRNAs except for tRNA(Ser-AGN) can be folded in the
      form of a typical cloverleaf structure. The A+T-rich region of L. striatellus was
      found between srRNA and tRNA(lle), and the entire region was 2040 bp long. The
      gene content of the L. striatellus mitogenome is identical to other completely
      sequenced insect mitogenomes, while the gene order is different from the common
      arrangement found in most insects: five tRNA genes and three PCGs in the L.
      striatellus mitogenome have changed positions relative to the ancestral
      arrangement of mitochondrial genes in D. yakuba. Besides describing the above
      contents, we also aligned the mitogenome sequence of L. striatellus with other
      hemipterans to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of Hemiptera. The results
      show that Heteroptera is the sister group to all other Hemiptera, and
      Cicadomorpha is the sister group to the clade Fulgoromorpha+Sternorrhyncha.

PMID- 19968474
TI  - Partial synchronization dynamics of coupled ultradian oscillators comprising an
      insect neurosecretory cell system.
AB  - An insulin-related peptide, bombyxin, in the silkmoth Bombyx mori is secreted by
      four pairs of cerebral neurosecretory cells that form a weakly coupled oscillator
      system to produce a pulsatile pattern of hormone secretion. The activity of
      individual bombyxin-producing (BP) cells oscillated with different periods (20-70
      min). The population of BP cells exhibited complex phase dynamics, including
      spontaneous synchronization and desynchronization of different combinations of
      cells. Statistical cross-correlation analyses of oscillation patterns between BP
      cells revealed that one cell usually correlated closely with a few particular
      cells of similar periodicity. Close investigation of the phase differences
      between individual active phases of the related cell pairs revealed that an
      inphase synchronous state was usually maintained for many cycles, whereas an
      antiphase state was transient, lasting for a few cycles. In contrast, antiphase
      synchronous states often occurred between several cell pairs when the brain
      containing the cerebral neurosecretory cell system was disconnected from the
      ventral nerve cord containing the neuronal mechanism that induced periodic
      heartbeat reversals at intervals of 80-110 min and exerted a periodic suppressive
      or phase-resetting effect on individual BP cells. These results suggest that the
      internal coupling mechanism in the BP cell system is not sufficient to maintain
      an in-phase synchronous state in the heterogeneous cell population, and that the
      external phase resetting mechanism may assist in-phase synchronization of many
      neurosecretory cells to generate an overall pulsatile pattern of bombyxin
      secretion.

PMID- 19968475
TI  - Purification of multiple precursors for egg chorion proteins in Atlantic cod
      (Gadus morhua).
AB  - Egg chorion precursors (zona radiata proteins; Zrps) were purified from the blood
      plasma of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) by salting-out and column
      chromatography. The salting-out procedure employed a relatively low (30%)
      concentration of saturated ammonium sulfate. This was a critical step that
      separated Zrps from approximately 89% of other plasma proteins. Subsequently,
      three subtypes of Zrp (Zrp-alpha, -beta and -gamma) were purified by four (Zrps
      alpha, -gamma) or five (Zrp-beta) serial column chromatography steps. The Intact
      masses of purified Zrp-alpha, -beta and -gamma were 290 kDa, 134 kDa, and 73 kDa,
      while masses estimated by SDS-PAGE were 78 kDa, 54 kDa, and 47 kDa, respectively.
      Antibodies were prepared against Zrp-beta and -gamma and utilized to develop
      specific immunoassays. The plasma levels of Zrp-beta and -gamma In reproductive
      female cod were estimated to be 591.42+/-77.59 microg/ml and 768.71+/-120.39
      microg/ml, respectively. Thus, practical procedures for the separation of Zrp
      subtypes were developed in cod, which resulted in the development of subtype
      specific Zrp immunoassays in this species; a similar method could be adopted for
      the separation, detection, and quantification of Zrp subtypes in other teleosts.

PMID- 19968476
TI  - Redescription of two Cardiodactylus species (Orthoptera, Grylloidea,
      Eneopterinae): the supposedly well-known C. novaeguineae (Haan, 1842), and the
      semi-forgotten C. guttulus ( Matsumura, 1913 ) from Japan.
AB  - In the present study, we redescribe and compare Cardiodactylus novaeguineae
      (Haan, 1842) and Cardiodactylus guttulus (Matsumura, 1913 ), completing previous
      descriptions and adding many information on morphology, including both male and
      female genitalia and forewing venation, distribution, habitat, behavior, calling,
      and courtship songs. A neotype series is selected for C. novaeguineae and
      deposited in RMNH, Leiden MNHN, Paris, AMNH, New York and SAMA, Adelaide. The
      male of C. guttulus is described, and the species C. boharti Otte, 2007 , is
      synonymised under C. guttulus.

PMID- 19968483
TI  - Abstracts of the First International Meeting of the Veterinary Stem Cell
      Consortium and the World Conference on Regenerative Medicine. October 29-31,
      2009. Leipzig, Germany.

PMID- 19968485
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene expression in interstitial pneumonitis in Brazilian
      human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children: is EBV associated or not?
AB  - To gain further knowledge on the subject we evaluated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
      gene expression and TCD4+, TCD8+, and B lymphocyte counts in lung tissue samples
      from 20 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children with chronic lung
      disease. Twenty HIV-1 infected children with chronic pulmonary disease underwent
      open lung biopsy to define the diagnosis. Histological section of this material
      was submitted to nonisotopic in situ hybridization (ISH) using EBV-encoded RNA
      (EBER) 1/2 probes and TCD4+, TCD8+, and CD20+ B-cell counts by
      immunohistochemistry. The histology of 16 out of the 20 children (median age 53.5
      months) proved to be examples of pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia/lymphoid
      interstitial pneumonitis (PLH/LIP) complex, 13 of which were EBER positive, but
      no significant association was found (Fisher exact test P = 0.439). Four patients
      had non-LIP diseases (3, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; 1, diffuse advanced
      alveolar damage), two being EBER negative. Nineteen children showed a predominant
      T-CD8+ cell response (CD4+/CD8+ <1) in lung tissue. The mean TCD4+ and
      theTCD4/TCD8 ratio in lung tissue were significantly higher in the sections with
      PLH/LIP complex, but without significant difference between EBER positive and
      EBER negative samples. EBV gene expression was detected in the majority of the
      lung samples but without significant association with PLH/LIP complex or with
      TCD4+, TCD8+, B cells and the TCD4+/TCD8+ ratio. Regarding the pattern of lung
      disease in HIV-1 infected children, associated or not to EBV, the findings are of
      importance concerning the possible role of EBV in the pathogenesis of PLH/LIP.

PMID- 19968486
TI  - Juvenile xanthogranuloma presenting as a testicular mass in infancy: a clinical
      and pathologic study of three cases.
AB  - Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXG) is a histiocytic disorder whose most common
      clinical presentation is a solitary cutaneous nodule in a child under 5 years of
      age, but it has come to be recognized that solitary extracutaneous lesions may
      present in a number of sites, including the soft tissues and various organs.
      Involvement of the genitourinary tract has been documented in children with
      multifocal or systemic JXG. The current report describes our experience with 3
      cases of JXG presenting as a solitary mass in the testicle of infants between 2.5
      and 13 months without manifestations of JXG elsewhere. The masses were
      intratesticular and had an infiltrative pattern of interstitial growth by
      mononuclear, histiocyte-like cells with replacement of seminiferous tubules and
      involvement of the epididymis whose pattern resembled leukemic and lymphomatous
      involvement of the testis. Because extracutaneous lesions of JXG may have few or
      no Touton giant cells, immunohistochemistry is an important adjunct to the
      histopathologic diagnosis. One of the previous 2 cases in the literature of JXG
      of the testis recurred after partial resection without an orchiectomy. Neither of
      the 2 youngest patients has experienced a local recurrence of JXG elsewhere in
      excess of 1 year since the original orchiectomy. The oldest patient, who was
      treated with partial orchiectomy, remains free of recurrence after 3 months of
      follow-up. Though uncommon, JXG joins several other distinctive neoplasms
      presenting in the infantile testis.

PMID- 19968487
TI  - Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in a child with trisomy 21. An acquired
      thrombopathy with a discussion of thrombopathies in childhood.
AB  - Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS), an acquired thrombophilic disorder involving
      autoantibodies against phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins, is often
      accompanied by autoimmune disease but also occurs in the absence of any
      documented autoimmune disease. It is known to be more common in individuals with
      trisomy 21. Catastrophic APLS (CAPLS), a rare accelerated form of APLS, leads to
      acute multisystem organ failure, with microthrombi in multiple organs and a
      mortality rate of 50% or greater. The youngest case of APLS was reported in a 7
      year-old child. We report the pathologic findings in a case of CAPLS in a 2-year
      old girl with trisomy 21 who presented with an insidious skin rash, which was
      rapidly followed by multiorgan failure and death. All major criteria for the
      diagnosis of CAPLS were met, including the involvement of 3 or more organ
      systems, precipitous clinical deterioration, positive serology for APL, and
      noninflammatory microthrombi in at least one organ which, in this case, included
      multiple sites: skin, lungs, intestinal tract with necrotizing enterocolitis, and
      spleen, with multiple infarcts all documented at autopsy.

PMID- 19968488
TI  - The effects of antenatal anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparin and
      aspirin) on neonatal pulmonary vasculature in rabbits.
AB  - Low-molecular-weight heparin and aspirin are the most prescribed medical agents
      as anticoagulants in pregnancy. Our objective was to investigate the effects of
      antenatal use of low-molecular-weight heparin and aspirin on pulmonary vascular
      development in neonatal rabbits. Seven pregnant rabbits (42 newborn rabbits) were
      divided into 5 groups as follows: control group (group 1, n = 14), heparin
      treated (group 2, n = 8), heparin and aspirin treated (group 3, n = 7), only
      aspirin treated (group 4, n = 6), and high-dose heparin treated (group 5, n =
      12). Pulmonary histologic evaluations were carried out for all groups.
      Angiogenesis was also tested by CD34 immunostained microvessel count (mvc).
      Pathologic examination of pulmonary vasculature revealed that pulmonary vascular
      thickening occurred at the level of alveoli in heparin-, heparin- and aspirin-,
      and high-dose-heparin-treated groups (groups 2, 3, and 5). The percentage of wall
      thickness was different in groups 2 (26%), 3 (28.2%), and 5 (30.8%) compared with
      group 1 (21.4%). Statistical differences were observed between group 1 vs 2, 3,
      and 5. Microvessel count was also different between groups 2 (mvc = 90.5), 3 (mvc
      = 90.2), and 5 (mvc = 96.3) vs group 1 (mvc = 86.7). The microvessel count was
      statistically different between groups that received low-dose heparin vs high
      dose heparin. Antenatal administration of low-molecular-weight heparin showed an
      effect on pulmonary vascular development. This effect may be explained by the
      influence of heparin on angiogenesis through placental growth factors. Further
      experiments are needed to understand the pathophysiology of these findings, and
      clinical studies are needed to correlate of these results.

PMID- 19968489
TI  - Fetal akinesia deformation sequence with delayed skeletal muscle maturation and
      polymicrogyria: evidence for a hypoxic/ischemic pathogenesis.
AB  - Multiple congenital contractures, also known as fetal akinesia deformation
      sequence (FADS) and related terms, result from decreased fetal movement. The
      underlying etiologies are diverse and include central nervous system (CNS)
      dysgeneses and primary myopathies. Persistent central nuclei or the presence of
      myotubes is often regarded as evidence of a primary myopathic etiology; however,
      these findings are also associated with impaired fetal innervation. We report 7
      fetuses, estimated gestational age 20 to 23 weeks, with persistent myotubular
      morphology, a change that could be (mis)interpreted as a primary myopathy. In 4
      of the patients, CNS histology showed hypoxic/ischemic injury, polymicrogyria,
      mineralized neurons, and microinfarcts with or without loss of anterior horn
      neurons. FADS cases with polymicrogyria have frequently been interpreted as a
      consequence of a primary brain malformation. Only a few descriptions of FADS
      associate polymicrogyria with CNS hypoxic/ischemic injury, however, and do not
      describe skeletal muscle maturation delay. We hypothesize that this combination
      of neural and muscular pathology is an under-recognized pattern in FADS, which
      results from diffuse hypoxic/ischemic injury involving the brain and spinal cord
      during early to middle gestation.

PMID- 19968490
TI  - How soon should patients with smear-positive tuberculosis be released from
      inpatient isolation?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis who are
      hospitalized or reside in congregate settings, guidelines recommend airborne
      infection isolation until sputum smear results are negative. Studies have
      identified factors associated with delayed sputum smear and culture conversion in
      patients with tuberculosis. Because these studies did not use methods of survival
      analysis, estimates of time to sputum smear conversion that are based on initial
      patient characteristics are not available. The ability to predict time to sputum
      smear conversion could be useful for programmatic planning and patient
      counseling. METHODS: We performed a cohort study using survival analysis to
      identify factors associated with time to sputum smear and culture conversion. We
      defined the time to sputum smear conversion as the time elapsed from the start of
      treatment to the first date of sustained conversion. RESULTS: Ninety-eight
      patients had sputum smear samples positive for acid-fast bacilli. Lower initial
      smear grade (on 1+ to 4+ scale) and absence of cavitation on chest radiograph
      were associated with earlier sputum smear conversion in bivariate analysis. In
      multiple regression analysis, initial smear grade (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95%
      confidence interval, 0.35-0.57) and drug resistance (hazard ratio, 2.30; 95%
      confidence interval, 1.08-4.89) remained statistically significant; a model
      comprising only initial smear grade performed almost as well. Predictors of
      sputum culture conversion were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Initial smear grade was the
      strongest predictor of time to sputum smear and culture conversion in patients
      with pulmonary tuberculosis and may be a useful predictor for programmatic
      planning and patient counseling.

PMID- 19968491
TI  - H1N1 influenza: contact investigation burden because of failure to institute
      influenza precautions in patients with negative rapid influenza diagnostic test
      results.

PMID- 19968492
TI  - Legionnaires disease--reordered.

PMID- 19968493
TI  - Constitutively active Akt contributes to vincristine resistance in human
      retinoblastoma cells.
AB  - Akt mediates survival signals which preserve various cancer cells from apoptosis.
      Its correlation with chemoresistance of cancer cells has attracted much
      attention. But how Akt affects vincristine-induced cell death in retinoblastoma
      is unknown. Here we show that Akt activity is involved in vincristine-induced
      cytotoxicity in retinoblastoma SO-Rb50 cells. Inhibition of Akt can decrease the
      survival of both sensitive and vincristine-resistant SO-Rb50 cells and increase
      the sensitivity of both cell lines to vincristine by enhancing the cell apoptosis
      and increasing the cellular accumulation of the drug. Akt may be a target for
      reducing drug resistance that improves the treatment for retinoblastoma.

PMID- 19968495
TI  - Nuclear factor-kappa B inhibition reduces markedly cell proliferation in Epstein
      Barr virus-infected stomach cancer, but affects variably in Epstein-Barr virus
      negative stomach cancer.
AB  - Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) inhibition by NF-kappaB p65-specific siRNA
      induced a near-cessation of cell proliferation in EBV-positive stomach cancer
      cell, and notably diminished cell proliferation in EBV- positive Raji lymphoma
      cell. In EBV-negative stomach cancer cells, NF-kappaB inhibition affected
      variably cell proliferation. Regardless of cell type, NF-kappaB inhibition
      suppressed antiapoptotic function of NF-kappaB, and tended to promote the nuclear
      accumulation of beta-catenin. This inverse relationship between NF-kappaB and
      beta-catenin was evident in 120 resected gastric carcinomas. Conclusively, NF
      kappaB inhibition may be beneficial in the therapy of EBV-positive stomach
      cancer, but influence variously EBV-negative stomach cancer.

PMID- 19968496
TI  - Does regional lymph node irradiation improve the outcome of N0 and pN0 breast
      cancer?
AB  - This study compares the outcome of 76 patients with N0 breast carcinoma, node
      negative at axillary lymph node dissection (pN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
      (NeoCT), treated with (RLNI+, 39 patients) or without (RLNI-, 37 patients)
      elective regional lymph node areas irradiation. For RLNI- and RLNI+ groups
      respectively at 10 years, survival without local-regional recurrence was 95% and
      91% (p = .59), survival without distant metastasis was 97% and 78% (p = .018) and
      overall survival was 96% and 75% (p = .013). Clinical size < 4 cm was a strong
      pronostic factor.

PMID- 19968494
TI  - In situ protein expression of RRM1, ERCC1, and BRCA1 in metastatic breast cancer
      patients treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
AB  - Ribonucleotide reductase 1 (RRM1) is a determinant of gemcitabine efficacy in non
      small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. We investigated the protein levels
      of RRM1 and two other DNA repair enzymes, ERCC1 and BRCA1, in 55 metastatic
      breast cancer (MBC) patients undergoing gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. With
      automated in situ protein quantification (AQUA v1.6), the average scores for
      RRM1, ERCC1, and BRCA1 ranged from 245.6-2774.1, 74.0-410.3, and 54.4-1833.1,
      respectively. They were significantly associated with each other (Spearman's rho
      > or = .36; p < or = .007). Given their pattern of distribution, RRM1 and BRCA1
      are potentially suitable markers for clinical decision making in MBC.

PMID- 19968497
TI  - Prognostic assessment of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (GNB3 825C>T, BCL2
      938C>A, MCL1-386C>G) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA) has a devastating prognosis
      and markers enabling a precise prediction of the clinical outcome have long
      remained scarce. Recently, it has been demonstrated that genotype distribution of
      several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that modulate G protein
      signal transduction and apoptosis can serve as helpful predictive parameters in
      various carcinomas. We here aimed at extending the panel of SNPs suitable for
      predicting the outcome of CCA. METHODOLOGY: Forty Caucasian patients with
      extrahepatic CCA and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy white Caucasians were
      genotyped to elucidate putative associations between clinical outcome and
      genotypes of the three following SNPs: G protein beta 3 (GNB3) 825C>T, B-cell
      lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) -938C>A, and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) -386C>G. RESULTS:
      Patients homozygous for the C allele of the GNB3 825C>T polymorphism exhibited a
      significant prolonged overall survival compared with patients displaying the CT
      or TT genotype (median survival [months]: 31 vs. 13 vs. 7; p < .05) and also
      showed lower bilirubin serum levels. Additionally, the CC genotype of the BCL2
      938C>A polymorphism was associated with higher GLDH serum activities (U/l; 29.8
      +/- 7.1 vs. 11.4 +/- 4.3 vs. 5.6 +/- 1.7 comparing CC vs. CA vs. AA; p < .05).
      Genotype distributions for all SNPs were not significantly different in patients
      vs. controls. CONCLUSIONS: GNB3 825C>T SNP may be a novel independent prognostic
      marker for patients suffering from extrahepatic CCA with the CC genotype to be
      associated with a favorable clinical outcome. Further prospective studies are
      needed to confirm these results and reveal additional functional SNP effects.

PMID- 19968498
TI  - Phase II clinical trial of paclitaxel loaded polymeric micelle in patients with
      advanced pancreatic cancer.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine in patients, with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic
      cancer (APC), efficacy and safety of treatment with intravenous paclitaxel loaded
      polymeric micelle (GPM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label
      Phase II study. Patients with APC, ECOG performance status < or = 2, no prior
      chemotherapy and adequate organ function were treated with 3-hour GPM infusions
      every 3 weeks. Initial patients were treated with 435 mg/m(2) (n = 11). The dose
      was reduced for subsequent patients to 350 or 300 mg/m(2) (n = 45). Primary
      endpoint was time to tumor progression (TTP). RESULTS: 56 patients were enrolled.
      Median TTP for patients treated with 300 or 350 mg/m(2) doses was 3.2 months (95%
      CI, 2.6-4.2). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months (95% CI, 1.4
      4.0). Median overall survival (OS) was 6.5 months (95% CI, 5.1-7.9). Among
      patients treated with above doses of GPM, there was 1 complete remission (CR) and
      2 partial remissions (PR) with an overall response rate (ORR) of 6.7%. Disease
      control rate (CR + PR + stable disease) was 60.0%. Most common grade 3 toxicities
      were: neutropenia (40.0%), fatigue (17.8%), infection, dehydration, neuropathy
      (each 13.3%), and abdominal pain (11.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of APC with GPM
      at a dose of 300 mg/m(2) q 3 weeks was well tolerated and common toxicities were
      qualitatively similar to Cremophor-based paclitaxel. GPM monotherapy resulted in
      OS and other efficacy parameters preferable to that seen historically with
      gemcitabine. Future studies of GPM in combination with other agents for treatment
      of APC are warranted.

PMID- 19968499
TI  - Simultaneous inhibition of MEK and CDK4 leads to potent apoptosis in human
      melanoma cells.
AB  - ABSTRACT Deregulation of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and p16INK4A-cycylin D:CDK4/6-RB
      pathways is important for melanoma development. Chemotherapeutic agents targeting
      both pathways were developed but results of clinical studies with monotherapies
      were disappointing. We examined the effect of co-targeting both pathways with MEK
      inhibitor PD98059 and CDK4 inhibitor 219476 on human melanoma cells lines, and
      found that combinatorial treatment dramatically increased apoptosis compared to
      the single agent treatment. The apoptosis was associated with downregulation of
      BCL2, BCL2L1, BIRC5, and upregulation of BIM. Our results indicate that
      simultaneously targeting ERK and RB pathways is a promising strategy for melanoma
      treatment and should encourage further in-depth investigations.

PMID- 19968500
TI  - Adeno-associated virus harboring fusion gene NT4-ant-shepherdin induce cell death
      in human lung cancer cells.
AB  - To further enhance anticancer effect of Shepherdin and overcome limitation of
      peptide therapy, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) was constructed with
      following strategies: therapeutic peptide secretory expression and adeno
      associated virus gene transfer system. MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis
      revealed that rAAV harboring fusion gene NT4-Ant-Shepherdin significantly
      suppressed A549 cell growth in a time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. In
      the infected A549 cells, survivin expression level decreased strongly while
      Caspase-3/7 activities increased significantly. These results indicated that rAAV
      harboring fusion gene NT4-Ant-Shepherdin may be a novel strategy in lung cancer
      peptide therapy.

PMID- 19968501
TI  - Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum levels are associated with
      survival in early stages of lung cancer patients.
AB  - AIM: Evaluate the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the
      prognosis of lung cancer patients. METHODS: Fifty-four serum samples were
      analyzed for VEGF concentrations (79.3% nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and
      20.7% small cell lung cancer). RESULTS: Patients with serum VEGF-A levels higher
      than the mean of the patients studied (434.93 pg/mL) presented a shorter median
      survival time than those with lower levels (p =.04), as in patients with NSCLC
      tumors (p =.04) and in those with stages I-II (p <.05), and high serum VEGF-A
      levels. CONCLUSION: Elevated VEGF serum levels have a negative prognostic impact
      on survival in NSCLC and early stages of lung cancer patients.

PMID- 19968503
TI  - Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 inhibits the growth of
      human small cell lung carcinoma cells.
AB  - Previously, we found the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2
      (CRFR2) could inhibit tumor growth via an anti-angiogenic pathway, implying CRFR2
      may be a tumor therapeutic target. Here, CRFR2 expression in human neuroendocrine
      small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) tissues and cell lines NCI-H446 and NCI-H1688
      were detected. Meanwhile, UCNs could directly inhibit the proliferation and
      promote the apoptosis of SCLC cells via CRFR2. It was also shown that the
      activation of CRFR2 could inhibit p38 and Akt phosphorylation to suppress the
      secretion of VEGF in SCLC cells. These observations implied CRFR2 might be a
      therapeutic target in human SCLC.

PMID- 19968502
TI  - Limonene exerts antiproliferative effects and increases nitric oxide levels on a
      lymphoma cell line by dual mechanism of the ERK pathway: relationship with
      oxidative stress.
AB  - D-limonene is a common monoterpene found in nature. Previously, it has been
      demonstrated that it has antiproliferative effects on a lymphoma cell line by
      increasing the nitric oxide (NO) level. In the present work this mechanism is
      analyzed by evaluating the participation of MAP38 and ERK pathways. Limonene
      increased the NO levels by inducing cell apoptosis by two mechanisms: through the
      production of H(2)O(2) and ERK pathway activation at low concentrations, and
      through the inhibition of farnesylation of proteins and O(2)- production at high
      concentrations. Both mechanisms were related to the increase in total nitrites,
      and the production of oxidative stress intermediates was involved.

PMID- 19968504
TI  - Overexpression of IL-13 in patients with bladder cancer.
AB  - In this case-control study, expression pattern of IL-13 as a possible anti
      inflammatory cytokine in patients with bladder carcinoma was investigated by
      using RT-PCR and ELISA. Highly significant difference in mRNA and protein
      expression of IL-13 between patients with bladder cancer and controls was
      observed (p = .000). The increased upexpression was mostly observed in lower
      stages (Ta+T1) of cancer than in higher (64.1% in lower vs 48.7% in higher
      stages). To address whether age, smoking, and alcohol drinking have any effect in
      IL-13 expression, it was seen that in spite of lower mean average of mRNA and
      protein expression in the old, smokers, and alcohol drinkers, no significant
      effect of these factors on expression of IL-13 was observed. The overexpression
      of IL-13 as a potent immunosuppressive cytokine was found in patients with
      bladder cancer and may be playing a role as an anti-inflammatory mediator in
      carcinoma of bladder. IL-13 may help to restore the disturbed T(H)1/T(H)2 balance
      in patients with bladder carcinoma, and can be considered as therapeutic agent in
      this disease.

PMID- 19968505
TI  - Challenges in the management of invasive aspergillosis in hematopoietic stem cell
      transplantation.

PMID- 19968507
TI  - The SWITCHMRK studies: substitution of lopinavir/ritonavir with raltegravir in
      HIV-positive individuals.
AB  - Protease inhibitors potently suppress HIV viral load but are often associated
      with metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemias and lipodystrophy. In addition
      to exercise, diet modification and anti-lipid therapies, one potential management
      strategy for HIV-positive patients with dyslipidemia is to switch any
      antiretrovirals that may be exacerbating the condition to more lipid-neutral
      drugs. The SWITCHMRK studies examined the effects of substituting
      lopinavir/ritonavir, a protease inhibitor known to cause dyslipidemias, with the
      integrase inhibitor raltegravir. Participants who switched from
      lopinavir/ritonavir to raltegravir experienced an improvement in cholesterol and
      triglycerides at 12 weeks; however, a large proportion of patients in the
      raltegravir arms did not maintain HIV virologic suppression at less than 50
      copies/ml at week 24. Further analyses are underway to determine why more
      patients in the raltegravir arms experienced increased virologic failure and to
      determine whether switching lopinavir/ritonavir with raltegravir may be
      appropriate for specific subgroups of patients.

PMID- 19968508
TI  - Lancet conference: influenza in the Asia-Pacific and the international scientific
      symposium on influenza pandemic response and preparedness.
AB  - The Lancet Conference on Influenza in the Asia-Pacific was held back-to-back with
      the International Scientific Symposium on Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic Response
      and Preparedness organized by the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China,
      with support from the WHO. The conference has attracted scientists and clinicians
      from different parts of the world to share the most updated information on the
      current influenza pandemic, as well as key issues on seasonal influenza that are
      relevant to pandemic response. Several highlights are described here.

PMID- 19968509
TI  - 49th ICAAC annual meeting: optimization of anti-infective use in the clinical
      setting.
AB  - The meeting of the American Society of Microbiology was recently held in San
      Francisco, CA, USA - a gathering of experts in the fields of infectious diseases,
      microbiology and the pharmaceutical industry, among others. Owing to this large
      attendance and extensive coverage of many infectious disease topics, we focus on
      the optimization of anti-infective use in the clinical setting. We will cover
      antimicrobial stewardship, drugs with Gram-positive activity, and antifungal and
      antiretroviral agents.

PMID- 19968511
TI  - Antibiotic stewardship implementation in the EU: the way forward.
AB  - There is an urgent need for an agreement on the principles and key components of
      antibiotic stewardship to support the EU member states in developing their
      national or regional programs. A proposal for a conceptual framework was drafted
      during an international expert workshop on hospital antibiotic stewardship
      organized under the Czech presidency in Prague on 15 April 2009. This document
      aims at defining structural and organizational requirements to optimize
      antibiotic use for hospitalized patients. Optimization should aim at improving
      patient outcomes, ensuring cost-effective therapy, and reducing the adverse
      health and ecological effects of antimicrobial use, including drug resistance.
      Antibiotic stewardship is of relevance to hospital as well as community care. To
      progress on antibiotic stewardship implementation in the EU, we suggest that
      three issues need to be addressed: the need for further research on the
      comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship
      strategies and interventions in different healthcare settings, the development of
      expert consensus on key elements of evidence-based best practice in hospital and
      community antibiotic stewardship, and strengthening the legal basis and core
      funding of antibiotic stewardship programs as integral components of quality and
      efficiency of care promotion initiatives.

PMID- 19968512
TI  - Prevention of access-related infection in dialysis.
AB  - Access-related infections (ARIs), such as exit-site infections, tunnel
      infections, bacteremia, fungemia and peritonitis, are the Achilles' heel of
      dialysis, and contribute significantly to morbidity, mortality and excess
      healthcare costs in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patient populations.
      Despite international guidelines recommending the avoidance of catheters for
      hemodialysis access, hospital admissions for vascular ARIs have doubled in the
      last decade. Moreover, repeated use of antibiotics to treat ARIs has been
      associated with the selection of multiresistant organisms, such as methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. ARIs result
      from direct inoculation of skin organisms during access cannulation/connection,
      migration of skin organisms along dialysis catheters into the bloodstream or
      peritoneal cavity, or contamination and colonization of catheter lumens with
      subsequent biofilm formation. This paper will review the epidemiology,
      pathogenesis and prevention of ARIs. It will focus specifically on randomized,
      controlled trial evidence in relation to the safety and efficacy of aseptic
      techniques, nasal eradication of S. aureus, oral antimicrobial prophylaxis,
      topical antimicrobial prophylaxis (including disinfectants, antibiotics and
      antibacterial honey), antimicrobial catheter lock solutions (including
      gentamicin, citrate and ethanol), antimicrobial-impregnated catheters, catheter
      design (straight vs coiled, single vs double cuff), peritoneal dialysis catheter
      connectology, catheter insertion technique, germicidal devices, vaccines and
      preinsertion antibiotic prophylaxis.

PMID- 19968514
TI  - Recognizing and meeting the challenge of Chagas disease in the USA.
AB  - It is estimated that over 300,000 people with Chagas disease are living in the
      USA, with more than 30,000 cases of Chagas cardiomyopathy expected per year. The
      epidemiology of Chagas disease in Central and South America differs from that of
      the USA, where particular attention must focus on blood bank screening, organ
      donation and vertical transmission. It is essential that healthcare practitioners
      have heightened awareness of Chagas disease in the differential diagnosis of
      certain patients and are aware of recommendations for the management of these
      patients in the USA. Ongoing attention must focus on trials that determine
      whether all patients will benefit from treatment as well as studies of new agents
      for therapy.

PMID- 19968513
TI  - PCR-based diagnosis of human fungal infections.
AB  - PCR is a very appealing technology for the detection of human pathogens, but the
      detection of fungal pathogens is particularly challenging. Fungi have cell walls
      that impede the efficient lysis of organisms and liberation of DNA, which can
      lead to false-negative PCR results. Conversely, some human pathogens are also
      ubiquitous environmental saprophytes that can contaminate PCR reagents and cause
      false-positive results. We examine the quality of PCR-based studies for fungal
      diagnostics using 42 variables within the Minimum Information for Publication of
      Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments guidelines. This review focuses on taxon
      directed PCR assays for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis and
      Pneumocystis pneumonia. Finally, we evaluate broad-range fungal PCR assays
      capable of detecting a wide spectrum of human pathogens.

PMID- 19968515
TI  - Discovery and significance of new human T-lymphotropic viruses: HTLV-3 and HTLV
      4.
AB  - Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) were discovered
      approximately 30 years ago and they are associated with various
      lymphoproliferative and neurological diseases. The estimated number of infected
      people is 10-20 million worldwide. In 2005, two new HTLV-1/HTLV-2-related viruses
      were detected, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4, from the same geographical area of Africa. In
      the last 4 years, their complete genomic sequences were determined and some of
      their characteristic features were studied in detail. These newly discovered
      retroviruses alongside their human (HTLV-1 and -2) and animal relatives (simian T
      lymphotropic virus type 1-3) are reviewed. The potential risks associated with
      these viruses and the potential antiretroviral therapies are also discussed.

PMID- 19968516
TI  - Tick-borne encephalitis in children: an update on epidemiology and diagnosis.
AB  - Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of the CNS caused by a tick-borne
      encephalitis virus transmitted by ticks. It is more common in adults than in
      children. During the last 30 years, the incidence of the disease increased
      continuously in almost all endemic European countries except Austria. Many
      factors are responsible for the increased incidence. However, in Austria, the
      incidence of tick-borne encephalitis decreased dramatically since the
      introduction of a well-organized vaccination campaign against tick-borne
      encephalitis. The diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis is based on clinical
      criteria and laboratory confirmation of infection. Other tick-borne diseases,
      such as Lyme borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, should be
      considered in children with tick-borne encephalitis since endemic areas for all
      three diseases overlap.

PMID- 19968519
TI  - CyberEurope.

PMID- 19968520
TI  - Implementation of ICF and ICF-CY in Italy.

PMID- 19968521
TI  - Use of ICF to describe functioning and disability in children with brain tumours.
AB  - PURPOSE: To underline the importance of Environmental Factors for reducing
      Disability and to demonstrate the complex condition of life, especially in terms
      of social inclusion and participation for children and adolescents affected by
      brain tumour. METHOD: An observational study applying the ICF version for
      Children and Youth (ICF-CY), the quality of life KIDSCREEN questionnaires and the
      Vineland assessment was performed. Age-specific ICF-CY Questionnaires were used
      to interview children at three time-points. RESULTS: Twenty-nine children were
      enrolled. Social life and relationships were crucial for defining children's
      disability level: formal and informal relationships showed to be very relevant to
      improve functioning (presence of facilitators in terms of more that 20% of
      cases). The severity of the disease makes the attention deeply focussed on
      treatment, neglecting other very important aspects in children's or adolescents'
      life such as their participation in life. CONCLUSIONS: The project highlighted
      some relevant issues about functioning and disability of these patients, in light
      of ICF's Biopsychosocial model of disability. Different rehabilitation projects
      are necessary for children and adolescents living after brain tumour. Considering
      treatment and the severity of tumour is very important to define pathways that
      should also include social and interpersonal aspects.

PMID- 19968522
TI  - International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in subjects
      with alternating hemiplegia of childhood.
AB  - PURPOSE: To examine the functioning of patients with alternating hemiplegia of
      childhood (AHC), a very rare clinical condition manifesting with recurrent
      episodes of hemiplegia lasting from few minutes to several days, paroxysmal
      occurrence of tonic/dystonic attacks and other autonomic disturbances.
      Furthermore, patients exhibit chronic disabilities as well as mental retardation,
      epilepsy and motor disorders that affect the patients' everyday functioning to a
      considerable extent. METHOD: Data about 25 patients with AHC (F = 13) aged 3-34
      years were collected with International Classification of Functioning Disability
      and Health (ICF) questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out on four age
      groups: 3-6, 7-12, 13-18 and >18 years, using only the ICF questionnaires' cross
      age items. RESULTS: In the body functions component, paying attention, seeing,
      muscle tones were common problems for all age groups. In the activity and
      participation component, all participants showed problems in basic interpersonal
      interactions. Finally, in the environmental factors component, barriers concern
      the climate and health services. On the other hand, families reported adequate
      support from social services. CONCLUSIONS: Although these findings must be
      validated, they appear to be promising and can contribute to understanding the
      daily functioning features of patients with AHC.

PMID- 19968523
TI  - Measuring participation in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a pilot
      study with ICF-CY.
AB  - PURPOSE: Environmental factors (EF) have an important role on Tourette's symptoms
      and the same factors can be decisive on the impact that the disease has on people
      with Tourette syndrome (TS) daily life. The research was carried out by the
      Neurological Institute Carlo Besta IRCCS Foundation with the principal objective
      of describing the complete range of functional profiles of children with TS, to
      define the functioning and the difficulties in social participation. METHODS: The
      research protocol was composed of the ICF-CY questionnaire, WHO-DAS II proxy
      version, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Kidscreen questionnaires -
      Quality of life (QoL) questionnaires for children and adolescents. The research
      protocol involved a multidisciplinary team (medical staff, psychologist,
      pedagogist). RESULTS: The children reported higher QoL's level than the QoL
      attributed by parents. The Vineland scores reflected considerable difficulties in
      socialisation. Through the EF analysis, this study highlights the facilitating
      role of the immediate family and health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Beyond the
      clinical symptoms, this study points out that the therapeutic elements must be
      identified by a change of environment, and not only in a child's adaptation
      ability.

PMID- 19968524
TI  - Functioning and disability in patients with Angelman syndrome: utility of the
      International Classification of functioning disability and health, children and
      youth adaptation framework.
AB  - PURPOSE: Angelman syndrome (AS) accounts for upto 6% of all cases with severe
      mental retardation and epilepsy. Clinical findings include developmental delay,
      severely impaired expressive language, ataxic gait, tremulousness of limbs and a
      typical behavioral profile including a happy demeanour, hyperactive behavior and
      low attention span. Seizures, abnormal electroencephalogram, microcephaly and
      scoliosis are observed in >80% of patients. Cognitive, language and orthopedic
      problems must be addressed with vigorous rehabilitation programs. Classification
      of functioning disability and health, children and youth adaptation (ICF-CY) can
      provide the most adequate framework to describe the condition of the persons
      towards whom rehabilitative efforts are concentrated. The aim of the study is to
      test whether the ICF-CY framework is effectively able to capture the various
      dimensions of health in AS. METHODS: We applied the ICF-CY, to the detail of
      second level codes, to a cohort of 11 patients with AS of various ages. The
      coding was obtained by the multi-professional team following these children for
      the rehabilitation program. RESULTS: The functional profile obtained applying the
      ICF-CY is complete and comparable with the characteristics of the syndrome
      described in literature. The possibility of highlighting not only the problems
      but also the points of strength appears as very helpful. The second level codes
      may be too broad to provide insight in the clinical and rehabilitative
      peculiarities, and the use of the full power of the classification may be more
      advisable for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS: This prelimiary study shows that ICF-CY
      is a valid tool to frame the clinical characteristics of a complex syndrome as
      AS, and may give a strong foundation for the rehabilitation programming.

PMID- 19968525
TI  - Functioning and disability in the vegetative state: results from a pilot study in
      Italy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe functioning and disability of patients in vegetative state
      (VS) according to the biopsychosocial model of the International Classification
      of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHOD: Patients in VS admitted to
      long-stay hospitals were consecutively enrolled, and the ICF checklist was
      completed by trained professionals. ICF categories utilisation is described.
      RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (15 males) were enrolled, mean age was 51.9 and mean
      duration of VS was 22 months. The majority of body functions and structures
      categories are reported as problems in less than 20% of patients. In the activity
      and participation domain, majority of ICF categories were not applicable and,
      among opened categories, performance was usually better than capacity. Among
      environmental factors, categories are mostly described as facilitators.
      CONCLUSIONS: This is the first pilot study in which the applicability of the ICF
      checklist to patients in VS was tested, showing the applicability of ICF
      categories within A&P domain, and the presence of few but very strong
      facilitating environmental factors. This study also sets the premises for a study
      on people in VS and in minimal conscious state both at a national and
      international level.

PMID- 19968526
TI  - The description of severe traumatic brain injury in light of the ICF
      classification.
AB  - PURPOSE: To review on the application of the ICF Classification to assess the
      person with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and his/her interaction with the
      environment. METHOD: Studies and reviews about the use of ICF in TBI have been
      included, by searching in Pubmed and in the proceedings of international
      meetings. RESULTS: Eleven studies have been identified and classified into three
      types: (a) application of the classification; (b) single case study; (c) the use
      of other scales. Some studies are related to the application of ICF checklist.
      Finally, we analyse the most used ICF codes. CONCLUSIONS: The ICF is a useful
      tool describes conditions and needs of patients with TBI. A diffuse utilisation
      could become the key resource for both health professionals and administrators
      that are in charge of allocating resources to pursue quality of life improvement.
      The ICF could be applied as a shared language to define health programmes' goals
      and as system for carrying out epidemiological studies. For this reason, it is
      desirable to define and validate the ICF Core Sets for TBI to provide a mean to
      be easily used, comprehensive and universal.

PMID- 19968527
TI  - International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in children
      with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
AB  - PURPOSE: The main aim of this study is to examine the functioning of children
      with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare disorder of
      respiratory control associated with physiological and anatomical manifestations
      of a generalised autonomic nervous system dysfunction, using WHO's International
      Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Children and Youth version
      (ICF-CY). METHOD: The data of 26 children, (F = 17) aged 1.5-17.5 years, were
      collected. Data were analysed in the following four age groups: <3, 3-6, 7-12 and
      13-18 years, using only the ICF-CY questionnaires' cross-age items. RESULTS: In
      the body functions, component breathing and paying attention were common problems
      for four age groups. In the activity and participation component, all children,
      except adolescents, showed problems with language. Furthermore, problems in
      social interaction were evident for all age ranges, except the youngest. Finally,
      in the environmental factors component, parents reported limitations concerning
      the natural environment and human-made changes to the environment that were
      common to all ages. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the usefulness of
      supplementing diagnostic classifications with functional classifications to
      obtain complete information on health-related conditions in children with CCHS.

PMID- 19968528
TI  - Use of the ICF to describe functioning and disability in obese patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the functioning and disability in adult patients with severe
      obesity through an implementation of ICF-based tools in a clinical inpatient
      setting, and to highlight the most relevant domains of functioning. METHODS:
      Adult obese inpatients with BMI > or = 35 kg/m(2) were enrolled and underwent a
      clinical evaluation following a standardized diagnostic protocol. ICF categories
      were filled according to established coding rules, on the basis of an extended
      list composed by ICF Core Set for obesity, the ICF checklist and other categories
      linked to the diagnostic protocol. Categories reported as a problem by at least
      20% of patients were considered relevant for describing functional profiles of
      obese patients. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were enrolled and 43 ICF categories
      were selected: 11 body functions (26% out of the total selected categories), 3
      body structures (7%), 15 activities and participation (35%) and 14 environmental
      factors (32%). Six ICF categories were not included in the Core-Set for obesity.
      CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the applicability of an extended list of ICF
      categories to describe functioning and disability of obese patients, and provide
      a preliminary indication to expanding the ICF Core Set for obesity.

PMID- 19968529
TI  - The dystonic child treated with deep brain stimulation: ICF reading of a high
      tech approach.
AB  - PURPOSE: The available tools used to describe childhood dystonia tend to offer a
      monodimensional view of the person functioning, which may overlook significant
      changes induced by treatment. We applied the International Classification of
      Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) perspective to the description of the
      clinical picture of a dystonic child treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) to
      get a more global representation of the treatment effect. METHOD: An 8-year-old
      child with secondary dystonia was selected within the institutional program for
      advanced treatment of pediatric dystonia as a candidate for bilateral
      implantation of electrodes into globus pallidus and chronic stimulation. The
      International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health -children and
      youth (ICF-CY) based project and program format was used by the rehabilitation
      team to define the clinical picture, rehabilitation objectives, and to verify the
      outcome. RESULTS: The rehabilitation project and program included 39 ICF
      categories: 14 body functions, two body structures, 18 activities and
      participation, and five environment. On such basis we defined the individualized
      specific rehabilitation objectives and we checked for clinical changes after DBS.
      CONCLUSION: The ICF-CY format provides a complete and balanced profile of
      functioning in secondary dystonia treated with DBS and it could offer a novel
      perspective for outcome evaluation.

PMID- 19968530
TI  - The ICF and labour policies project: the first Italian nation-wide experience of
      ICF implementation in the Labour Sector.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the first Italian experience of ICF implementation in the
      Labour Sector by a Ministerial body, and the development of the International
      Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based worker
      checklist. METHODS: Nation-wide training was provided. ICF-based worker checklist
      was developed by linking Italian legislative procedures and schedules to the ICF,
      and by adding standard ICF checklist's categories. When a third-level ICF
      category was linked, the corresponding second-level one was included in the
      worker checklist too. RESULTS: Eighty-four ICF categories were linked and five
      were added due to rolling-up procedure: 15 from body functions, 65 from
      activities and participation and 4 from environmental factors. In total, the
      dedicated ICF-based worker checklist is composed of 183 ICF categories, 34 of
      whom are at the third level and 89 from the domain of activities and
      participation. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of the standard ICF checklist's items
      aimed to complement the information contained in the ministerial schedule, in
      which ICF categories from environmental factors domain are underrepresented.
      Future directions include the development of an ICF-based company checklist and
      an application tool for matching the information derived from the worker and the
      company ICF-based checklists.

PMID- 19968531
TI  - Revision of Italian disability statistics according to the ICF conceptual and
      semantic framework.
AB  - The new approach suggested by the International Classification of Functioning,
      Disability and Health (ICF) provides an opportunity to address the policies and
      actions in favour of people with a disability. From a statistics point of view,
      the ICF represents also a new tool to improve the harmonisation and the
      comparison between international data across populations and sectors. The
      Disability Information System (SID) Project started in 2000 following a
      convention between the current Ministry of Social Solidarity and Istat in
      implementation of article 41-bis of Law 162/98. The system provides statistical
      information on disability by integrating and coordinating data sources available
      on this matter in Italy and establishing new sources that are suitable for making
      up for the current information gaps. This System has made some steps forward to
      promote greater integration of the sources, but further efforts must be made in
      terms of the quality of the data gathered and on the reorganisation and
      integration of currently available informative flows. The purpose of this article
      is to analyse the work done in the last decade by the Italian National Institute
      of Statistics, at national and international level, to adapt the information
      produced to the developing information needs.

PMID- 19968532
TI  - Eight years of ICF in Italy: principles, results and future perspectives.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report on the process of implementation and dissemination of the
      International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [1] in
      Italy. METHODS: The Agenzia Regionale della Sanita of Friuli Venezia Giulia
      Region (ARSFVG) is a WHO Collaborating Centre for the Family of International
      Classifications. It collaborated with Italian research institutions such as the
      C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, the Medea Institute, and the
      National Institute of Statistics in revising, field testing and validating the
      ICF in Italy and in the preparation of ICF-CY (Children and Youth Version).
      RESULTS: The value of ICF profiles in defining personalised programmes of
      interventions was explored by evaluating the link between ICF items and the UN
      Convention, which was taken as a criterion of clear ethical and political
      orientation in the evaluation of the disability condition. The first and main
      effort of ICF implementation was directed in the field of public health and
      welfare policies. Two main nationwide projects were launched: ICF and the labour
      polices in 2003 and ICF and the disability certification reforms in 2006. ICF
      also received a strong attention by the professional working in the school
      system, and was used to define the functioning profile of children and to
      establish personalised educational programmes. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of
      ICF in Italy was strongly facilitated by a favourable cultural and scientific
      context.

PMID- 19968533
TI  - The White Book on Disability in Italy: an ICF-based Italian survey.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the functioning and disability profiles of Italian person
      with disability (PwD) getting invalidity pension. METHODS: Adult subjects were
      selected within the registries of local health agencies that provide invalidity
      certificates. The International Classification of Functioning Disability and
      Health (ICF) checklist was administered by trained interviewers. Count-based
      indexes were calculated for each ICF chapter and domain. Descriptive analysis and
      paired-sample t-test for evaluating differences between capacity and performance
      indexes in Activities and Participation (A&P) were employed. RESULTS: A total of
      742 persons were enrolled. Mean age among children and youth (N = 106) was 8.6
      years, and among adults (N = 636) was 47.6 years. Most common health conditions
      are neurological diseases (30.2%), tumors (18.1%) and mental disorders (13.5%).
      Body Functions and Structures impairments are consistent with sample
      compositions. In A&P, capacity indexes are higher than performance ones, and
      facilitators are essentially reported among Environmental Factors (EF).
      CONCLUSIONS: ICF-based tools are adequate to capture difficulties in different
      A&P areas, and to estimate EF's effect. In our study, the widest difficulties and
      the widest impact of EF are reported in areas describing activities of daily
      living, while areas describing communication, employment and leisure time
      activities are less problematic but, at the same time, less influenced by EF.

PMID- 19968534
TI  - Italian ICF training programs: describing and promoting human functioning and
      research.
AB  - Purpose of the article is to report on 5 years of ICF training experiences in
      Italy aimed at promoting a consistent approach to ICF's field application. More
      than 7000 persons participated in around 150 training events: almost half were
      organised by political bodies, at national, regional or local level, directly
      linked to implementation experiences. Few training events were organised by the
      school sector, while training commissioned by NGOs represent a relevant area and,
      in our opinion, constitute the first step towards a full inclusion of persons
      with disabilities. Central pillars of our training modules are: the inclusion of
      all ICF components in the description of functional profiles, the need of
      providing brief theoretical background information before moving to practical
      aspects and the importance of providing personalised face to face training
      modules, in contrast to self-administered learning modules, or web-based
      protocols. On the basis of our experience, we can conclude that training's
      objectives are generally reached: trainees improved their knowledge of the ICF
      and its related tools, and are able to begin practical applications in their
      contexts.

PMID- 19968535
TI  - Role of disability-case manager for chronic diseases: using the ICF as a
      practical background.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report on the case manager's activity in a hospital setting as a
      supporting professional for families that need to deal with different services
      and professionals to get answers on their health and psychosocial needs. METHOD:
      A qualitative analysis and interpretation based on the case manager observations
      and ICF checklist evaluation with medical and rehabilitation professionals were
      employed. RESULTS: The case study presented aimed to show one of the most typical
      interventions of the case manager: the creation of a network around a person with
      complex and multifaceted needs, where this network does not exist. Case manager
      bridged the gap between health and social services, specifically organising home
      based rehabilitation and helping to find appropriate assistive devices.
      CONCLUSIONS: This case study showed that the case manager's role is fundamental
      to support patients and their families in relating to the different services and
      professionals they need, and illustrated one of the most typical interventions of
      the case manager: the creation of a network around a person with complex and
      multifaceted needs, where this network does not exist.

PMID- 19968536
TI  - Projecting and programming rehabilitation based on ICF-CY format in a
      neuropediatric hospital unit.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To follow-up the impact of a format based upon the International
      Classification of Functioning Disability and Health, version for children and
      youth (ICF-CY) as a roadmap for in-hospital pediatric neuro-rehabilitation.
      DESIGN: Longitudinal study in a single Centre testing with impact assessment.
      SUBJECTS/PATIENTS: The team members of a tertiary care pediatric neuro
      rehabilitation unit approaching 88 consecutive patients with various physical
      and/or neurological conditions. METHODS: A revised version of the protocol ICF-CY
      based format for rehabilitation projecting and programming was applied for 24
      months. Impact on the rehabilitation team was assessed with an ad hoc
      questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifteen questionnaires were returned, all of them
      reporting strongly positive judgements. Time constraint was no longer considered
      the main problem, probably because of a learning effect. Ongoing utilization
      reduced the time needed and the problems perceived in completing the task.
      CONCLUSION: This application confirmed that ICF contribute to improve the quality
      of interdisciplinary work and to share the rehabilitation process between team
      members and family. Indeed ICF-CY works efficiently as a roadmap for in-hospital
      pediatric neuro-rehabilitation. Its implementation results in perceived
      improvements in the process, ongoing utilization reduces the time needed and the
      problems encountered in completing the task.

PMID- 19968537
TI  - The ICF-based functioning profiles of school children in care with the
      neuropsychiatric community services in the Piedmont region: evidences for better
      caring and programming.
AB  - PURPOSE: In the Piedmont region, as in the rest of Italy, school integration of
      'handicapped students' in regular classes, independently of the pathologies they
      are suffering from, involves almost the totality of students between the age of 3
      and 14 and the majority of students between the age of 14 and 18. The
      responsibility to 'recognise the student as a handicapped person' is attributed
      to the regional public health system (Child Neuro-Psychiatry Services - CNPS).
      The information about the students is registered in the regional NPI.net, a Web
      based application. The question was if ICF could help to develop a monitoring
      system about school inclusion processes better than the existing one. In fact,
      because all information is based on medical diagnosis embedded in narrative
      descriptions, it is often difficult to obtain reliable and comparable data on the
      disability profiles and the quality of children and adolescents school
      experience. METHODS: Six CNPS, covering 50% of the Piedmont region, started a
      pilot study on disabled children at school. Diagnostic data of the children and a
      brief description of their functioning profiles using ICF were considered.
      Approximately 1000 school children and adolescents with disability were selected
      for this study. RESULTS: We studied the extension and the severity of impairment
      of body functions (BF) and/or of activity (A&P) restriction, and the extension
      and the intensity of facilitators and barriers (EF) together with other factors
      such as provenience (Local Health Authorities - LHA), main health condition and
      age of the subjects. The analysis of variance, taking into account LHA, main
      health condition and age, confirmed the statistical significance of these three
      factors in differentiating the personal profiles in terms of BF, A&P and EF.
      CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the feasibility and reliability of the use of ICF
      based functioning descriptions to monitor school inclusion processes and to
      better investigate the differences between LHAs in diagnostic procedures, disease
      prevalence and characteristics of facilitators and barriers. As a direct
      consequence of the study, the Regional Councils for Instruction, Health and
      Social Politics have started a 3-year training programme for approximately 2500
      school operators, 350 health operators in NPI services and 350 social operators.

PMID- 19968538
TI  - Children with disability at school: the application of ICF-CY in the Veneto
      region.
AB  - PURPOSE: To show the feasibility and consequences at 1 year of the use of the
      International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, version for
      Children and Youth (ICF-CY) in the process of social and scholastic inclusion for
      students with disability in a district of Northeastern Italy (Treviso province).
      METHODS: We describe the novel procedure for inclusion of students with
      disability launched by disability and education Services of the Treviso Province.
      The protocol was organized in four steps and involved health professionals and
      teachers throughout the whole Province. The implementation was preceded by
      intensive exposure of the involved professionals to the ICF-CY model and
      structure and by workshops in which the participants elaborated the actual
      documents accompanying the process of scholastic inclusion according to the
      specific Law (104/1992): the notification card, the identification of the student
      with disabilities, the functional diagnosis, the dynamic functional profile and
      the individual educational plan. RESULTS: The results show that the adherence to
      the new protocol was very satisfactory, as well as the perceived validity and
      relevance of the new documents elaborated with ICF language. The experimentation
      in progress provided interesting indications on the way to apply the ICF-CY to
      the scholastic inclusion processes. CONCLUSIONS: The largest alphabetization
      effort on ICF attempted in a Public Health System (disability service) and in the
      school system improve the social and scholastic participation of student with
      disability and can reduce the barriers in the environment.

PMID- 19968539
TI  - Moving towards ICF use for monitoring the UN Convention on the rights of persons
      with disabilities: the Italian experience.

PMID- 19968540
TI  - Preliminary results of ICF dissemination in primary health care in Mozambique:
      sharing the Italian experience.
AB  - PURPOSE: To present the preliminary results of training courses on the
      International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) prepared
      by Italian WHO FIC CC and to report on strategies for ICF dissemination among
      primary health care (PHC) workers in Mavalane Health Area, Maputo, Mozambique.
      METHODS: A participant-observer description of ICF principles introduction and
      development of ICF-CY modified checklists in Mavalane health area according to a
      person-environment interaction classification (PEIC) tree. RESULTS: The first ICF
      courses were held at Mavalane hospital and involved 25 health workers and 24
      members of the health committee acting in the local area. The courses were
      prepared having as a framework the theoretical principles of the UN Convention of
      rights of persons with disabilities and the ICF bio-psychosocial model. The
      trainers adapted and modified the course materials to increase the applicability
      of the protocol to the cultural and social reality of Mozambique, eventually
      applying the person-environment interaction classification (PEIC) tree.
      CONCLUSIONS: The very first phase of this project indicates that the use of the
      ICF checklist is feasible also in a crowded and busy environment like some PHC
      units of a developing country. However, data collection require a simpler and
      lighter to use data compilation tool. The proposed new checklist, which includes
      a PEIC tree, makes easier the compilation and the collection of data.

PMID- 19968542
TI  - ICF and ICF-CY for an innovative holistic approach to persons with chronic
      conditions.
AB  - This introduction presents a brief review of projects carried out in Italy
      applying ICF model. ICF allows to capture and appropriately describe human
      functioning and disability in terms of body functions and body structures, life
      activities, participation in society, modulating contextual factors. ICF
      framework allows to have a complex profile of persons with different medical
      conditions. Several clinical studies have been performed using ICF and ICF-CY, in
      Italy from the publication of ICF in 2001 and ICF-CY in 2007. Most of them
      highlight the utility and feasibility of using ICF to describe the functional
      profiles of patients with different health conditions. The clinical applications
      of ICF clearly show that ICF-based functional profiles are useful in designing
      better interventions - directed not only to patients' health condition and
      symptoms but also to the most important activities of their daily living and
      environmental factors that may act as barriers or facilitators to the patients'
      recovery, well-being and participation in society.

PMID- 19968541
TI  - Towards a common disability assessment framework: theoretical and methodological
      issues for providing public services and benefits using ICF.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report on the preliminary results of an Italian project on the
      implementation of an ICF-based protocol for providing public services and
      benefits for persons with disabilities. METHODS: The UN Convention on the Rights
      of persons with disabilities (UNC) was mapped to the ICF, and core elements were
      implemented in an ICF-based evaluation protocol. A person-environment interaction
      classification (PEIC) tree was also developed for defining evaluation outputs.
      RESULTS: The PEIC and the ICF-based protocol are the guideline and the data
      interpretation source, respectively, for providing public services and benefits.
      They enable to assign persons to different services, from surveillance and
      monitoring to facilitator provision or sustain over time, to barrier removal or
      to the reorganisation of environmental factors provision. A detailed description
      of the target intervention is made available through the implementation of a
      protocol, which points out the effect of personal support and other environmental
      factors. CONCLUSIONS: The detailed description of functioning and disability
      provided by our methodology can help policy makers and administrators in decision
      making, on the basis of a description of real needs, and in targeting person
      tailored interventions.

PMID- 19968543
TI  - ICF in neurology: functioning and disability in patients with migraine,
      myasthenia gravis and Parkinson's disease.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report and compare functional features of patients with migraine,
      myasthenia gravis (MG) and Parkinson's disease (PD) with the International
      Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHOD: Adult
      patients with migraine, MG and PD were enrolled and the ICF checklist
      administered. Count-based indexes were calculated for each ICF chapter and
      domain. Indexes were compared across conditions by means of ANOVA; relationships
      between ICF domains were evaluated using Spearman's correlation; group based on
      disability status were defined through cluster analysis and compared with disease
      groups using chi(2) test. Finally, most prevalent ICF categories were identified.
      RESULTS: A total of 300 patients were enrolled and specific differences in BF,
      BS, A&P and EF indexes are reported. Spearman's correlations reported moderate
      relationships between BF and A&P indexes, whereas the correlation between A&P and
      EF is lower. Cluster analysis and chi(2) test show that patients with Migraine
      and MG are more likely to report moderate and low disability, whereas patients
      with PD are more likely to report moderate or severe disability. A total of 60
      ICF relevant categories, mostly from A&P, were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our study
      provided a description of functioning and disability domains in migraine, MG and
      PD and enabled to report the impact of EF in determining the actual disability
      experience.

PMID- 19968545
TI  - The society that almost wasn't: issues of professional identity and the creation
      of the American Phytopathological Society in 1908.
AB  - The creation of The American Phytopathological Society (APS) in 1908 was a
      response to the developing professionalism in the biological and agricultural
      sciences in the United States between 1880 and 1920. During this period, a new
      generation of plant pathologists emerged in the United States Department of
      Agriculture, agricultural colleges, and state agricultural experiment stations
      with a methodological and theoretical framework to determine the cause and nature
      of disease and make control recommendations based on experimental evidence. These
      plant pathologists, in turn, became eager to establish a professional identity,
      for some an identity separate from traditional botany and mycology. For these
      scientists, the goal would be facilitated by establishing a new society for plant
      pathologists. The story of the creation of APS is best understood within the
      nature of the ensuing debates over identity and the merits of forming a new
      society among its first generation of scientists.

PMID- 19968546
TI  - Blumeria graminis interactions with barley conditioned by different single R
      genes demonstrate a temporal and spatial relationship between stomatal
      dysfunction and cell death.
AB  - Hypersensitive response (HR) against Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei infection in
      barley (Hordeum vulgare) was associated with stomata "lock-up" leading to
      increased leaf water conductance (g(l)). Unique spatio-temporal patterns of HR
      formation occurred in barley with Mla1, Mla3, or MlLa R genes challenged with B.
      graminis f. sp. hordei. With Mla1, a rapid HR, limited to epidermal cells,
      arrested fungal growth before colonies initiated secondary attacks. With Mla3,
      mesophyll HR preceded that in epidermal cells whose initial survival supported
      secondary infections. With MlLa, mesophyll survived and not all attacked
      epidermal cells died immediately, allowing colony growth and secondary infection
      until arrested. Isolines with Mla1, Mla3, or MlLa genes inoculated with B.
      graminis f. sp. hordei ranging from 1 to 100 conidia mm(2) showed abnormally high
      g(l) during dark periods whose timing and extent correlated with those of each
      HR. Each isoline showed increased dark g(l) with the nonpathogen B. graminis f.
      sp. avenae which caused a single epidermal cell HR. Guard cell autofluorescence
      was seen only after drying of epidermal strips and closure of stomata suggesting
      that locked open stomata were viable. The data link stomatal lock-up to HR
      associated cell death and has implications for strategies for selecting disease
      resistant genotypes.

PMID- 19968547
TI  - Effects of deoxynivalenol on content of chloroplast pigments in barley leaf
      tissues.
AB  - To understand further the role of deoxynivalenol (DON) in development of Fusarium
      head blight (FHB), we investigated effects of the toxin on uninfected barley
      tissues. Leaf segments, 1 to 1.2 cm long, partially stripped of epidermis were
      floated with exposed mesophyll in contact with DON solutions. In initial
      experiments with the leaf segments incubated in light, DON at 30 to 90 ppm turned
      portions of stripped tissues white after 48 to 96 h. The bleaching effect was
      greatly enhanced by addition of 1 to 10 mM Ca(2+), so that DON at 10 to 30 ppm
      turned virtually all stripped tissues white within 48 h. Content of chlorophylls
      a and b and of total carotenoid pigment was reduced. Loss of electrolytes and
      uptake of Evans blue indicated that DON had a toxic effect, damaging plasmalemmas
      in treated tissues before chloroplasts began to lose pigment. When incubated in
      the dark, leaf segments also lost electrolytes, indicating DON was toxic although
      the tissues remained green. Thus, loss of chlorophyll in light was due to
      photobleaching and was a secondary effect of DON, not required for toxicity. In
      contrast to bleaching effects, some DON treatments that were not toxic kept
      tissues green without bleaching or other signs of injury, indicating senescence
      was delayed compared with slow yellowing of untreated leaf segments.
      Cycloheximide, which like DON, inhibits protein synthesis, also bleached some
      tissues and delayed senescence of others. Thus, the effects of DON probably
      relate to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. With respect to FHB, the
      results suggest DON may have multiple roles in host cells of infected head
      tissues, including delayed senescence in early stages of infection and
      contributing to bleaching and death of cells in later stages.

PMID- 19968548
TI  - Purification and biochemical characterization of polygalacturonase produced by
      penicillium expansum during postharvest decay of 'Anjou' pear.
AB  - A polygalacturonase (PG) was extracted and purified from decayed tissue of
      'Anjou' pear fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum. Ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, gel filtration, and cation exchange chromatography were used to
      purify the enzyme. Both chromatographic methods revealed a single peak
      corresponding to PG activity. PG enzyme activity from healthy and wounded pear
      tissue was undetectable, which supports the claim that the purified PG is of
      fungal origin. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 41 kDa and a pI of
      7.8. Activity of the PG was not associated with a glycosylated protein. The
      enzyme was active over a broad pH range from 3 to 6, with optimal activity at 4.5
      in sodium citrate and sodium acetate buffers. The optimal temperature for
      activity was 37 degrees C but the enzyme was also active at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50
      degrees C. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of PG hydrolysis products showed
      that the enzyme exhibits endo- and exo-activity. The purified enzyme macerated
      tissue in vitro causing approximately 30% reduction in mass of pear plugs
      compared with approximately 17% reduction for apple. Additionally, it produced
      1.5-fold more soluble polyuronides on pear than apple tissue. This work shows for
      the first time the production of a PG by P. expansum during postharvest decay of
      pear fruit is different from the previously described PG produced in decayed
      apple fruit by the same pathogen.

PMID- 19968549
TI  - Monitoring fusarium crown rot populations in spring wheat residues using
      quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
AB  - Caused by a complex of Fusarium species including F. culmorum, F. graminearum,
      and F. pseudograminearum, Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important cereal disease
      worldwide. For this study, Fusarium population dynamics were examined in spring
      wheat residues sampled from dryland field locations near Bozeman and Huntley, MT,
      using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) Taqman assay that
      detects F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. pseudograminearum. Between August
      2005 and June 2007, Fusarium populations and residue decomposition were measured
      eight times for standing stubble (0 to 20 cm above the soil surface), lower stem
      (20 to 38 cm), middle stem (38 to 66 cm), and chaff residues. Large Fusarium
      populations were found in stubble collected in August 2005 from F.
      pseudograminearum-inoculated plots. These populations declined rapidly over the
      next 8 months. Remnant Fusarium populations in inoculated stubble were stable
      relative to residue biomass from April 2006 until June 2007. These two phases of
      population dynamics were observed at both locations. Relative to inoculated
      stubble populations, Fusarium populations in other residue fractions and from
      noninoculated plots were small. In no case were FCR species observed aggressively
      colonizing noninfested residues based on qPCR data. These results suggest that
      Fusarium populations are unstable in the first few months after harvest and do
      not expand into noninfested wheat residues. Fusarium populations remaining after
      8 months were stable for at least another 14 months in standing stubble providing
      significant inoculums for newly sown crops.

PMID- 19968550
TI  - Soybean sudden death syndrome species diversity within north and South america
      revealed by multilocus genotyping.
AB  - Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean has become a serious constraint to the
      production of this crop in North and South America. Phenotypic and multilocus
      molecular phylogenetic analyses, as well as pathogenicity experiments, have
      demonstrated that four morphologically and phylogenetically distinct fusaria can
      induce soybean SDS. Published molecular diagnostic assays for the detection and
      identification of these pathogens have reported these pathogens as F. solani, F.
      solani f. sp. glycines, or F. solani f. sp. phaseoli, primarily because the
      species limits of these four pathogens were only recently resolved. In light of
      the recent discovery that soybean SDS and Phaseolus and mung bean root rot (BRR)
      are caused by four and two distinct species, respectively, multilocus DNA
      sequence analyses were conducted to assess whether any of the published molecular
      diagnostic assays were species-specific. Comparative DNA sequence analyses of the
      soybean SDS and BRR pathogens revealed that highly conserved regions of three
      loci were used in the design of these assays, and therefore none were species
      specific based on our current understanding of species limits within the SDS-BRR
      clade. Prompted by this finding, we developed a high-throughput multilocus
      genotyping (MLGT) assay which accurately differentiated the soybean SDS and two
      closely related Phaseolus and mung BRR pathogens based on nucleotide polymorphism
      within the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region rDNA and two anonymous
      intergenic regions designated locus 51 and 96. The single-well diagnostic assay,
      employing flow cytometry and a novel fluorescent microsphere array, was validated
      by independent multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis of a 65 isolate design
      panel. The MLGT assay was used to reproducibly type a total of 262 soybean SDS
      and 9 BRR pathogens. The validated MLGT array provides a unique molecular
      diagnostic for the accurate identification and molecular surveillance of these
      economically important plant pathogens.

PMID- 19968551
TI  - Mapping resistance quantitative trait Loci for three foliar diseases in a maize
      recombinant inbred line population-evidence for multiple disease resistance?
AB  - Southern leaf blight (SLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), and northern leaf blight (NLB)
      are all important foliar diseases impacting maize production. The objectives of
      this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to these
      diseases in a maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross
      between maize lines Ki14 and B73, and to evaluate the evidence for the presence
      genes or loci conferring multiple disease resistance (MDR). Each disease was
      scored in multiple separate trials. Highly significant correlations between the
      resistances and the three diseases were found. The highest correlation was
      identified between SLB and GLS resistance (r = 0.62). Correlations between
      resistance to each of the diseases and time to flowering were also highly
      significant. Nine, eight, and six QTL were identified for SLB, GLS, and NLB
      resistance, respectively. QTL for all three diseases colocalized in bin 1.06,
      while QTL colocalizing for two of the three diseases were identified in bins 1.08
      to 1.09, 2.02/2.03, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and 10.05. QTL for time to flowering were
      also identified at four of these six loci (bins 1.06, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and
      10.05). No disease resistance QTL was identified at the largest-effect QTL for
      flowering time in bin 10.03.

PMID- 19968552
TI  - Mapping net form net blotch and septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance Loci in
      barley.
AB  - Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii Sacc., and
      net form net blotch (NB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechsler, are
      fungal diseases that decrease the yields of barley in the Upper Midwest. An
      effective way to manage these diseases is to plant resistant cultivars. To
      characterize the genetics of resistance to both pathogens, two advanced barley
      breeding lines, one resistant to NB (M120) and another resistant to SSLB (Sep2
      72), were crossed, creating a population of 115 recombinant inbred lines. The two
      parents and the population were evaluated in three greenhouse seedling assays for
      each pathogen and for simple-sequence repeat and diversity arrays technology
      markers. Composite interval mapping revealed two major quantitative trait loci
      (QTL) associated with NB on chromosome 6H, located in bins 2 and 6. The QTL
      located in bin 6 explained 19 to 48% of the phenotypic variation and the QTL
      located in bin 2 explained 25 to 44% of the phenotypic variation. A new locus for
      resistance to SSLB, Rsp4, was identified on chromosome 6H, located in bins 3 to
      4. Mapping these genes in elite breeding germplasm will accelerate the
      development and utilization of marker-assisted selection to enhance resistance to
      these diseases.

PMID- 19968553
TI  - A rare sugar, d-allose, confers resistance to rice bacterial blight with
      upregulation of defense-related genes in Oryza sativa.
AB  - We investigated responses of rice plant to three rare sugars, d-altrose, d
      sorbose, and d-allose, due to establishment of mass production methods for these
      rare sugars. Root growth and shoot growth were significantly inhibited by d
      allose but not by the other rare sugars. A large-scale gene expression analysis
      using a rice microarray revealed that d-allose treatment causes a high
      upregulation of many defense-related, pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes in
      rice. The PR protein genes were not upregulated by other rare sugars.
      Furthermore, d-allose treatment of rice plants conferred limited resistance of
      the rice against the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae but the other tested
      sugars did not. These results indicate that d-allose has a growth inhibitory
      effect but might prove to be a candidate elicitor for reducing disease
      development in rice.

PMID- 19968554
TI  - Involvement of the plant polymer Suberin and the disaccharide cellobiose in
      triggering thaxtomin A biosynthesis, a phytotoxin produced by the pathogenic
      agent streptomyces scabies.
AB  - Streptomyces scabies is a gram-positive soil bacterium recognized as the main
      causal agent of common scab. Pathogenicity in Streptomyces spp. depends on their
      capacity to synthesize phytotoxins called thaxtomins. Genes involved in
      biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites are known to be induced by
      cellobiose, a plant disaccharide. However, growth of S. scabies in a minimal
      medium containing cellobiose as a carbon source is very poor and only generates
      traces of thaxtomins. The effect of suberin, a lipid plant polymer, on thaxtomin
      A biosynthesis and the expression of genes involved in its biosynthetic pathway
      was analyzed. S. scabies was grown in a starch-containing minimal medium
      supplemented with cellobiose (0.5%), suberin (0.1%), or both. The presence of
      both cellobiose and suberin doubled bacterial growth and triggered thaxtomin A
      production, which correlated with the upregulation (up to 342-fold) of genes
      involved in thaxtomins synthesis. The addition of either suberin or cellobiose
      alone did not affect these parameters. Suberin appeared to stimulate the onset of
      secondary metabolism, which is a prerequisite to the production of molecules such
      as thaxtomin A, while cellobiose induced the biosynthesis of this secondary
      metabolite.

PMID- 19968555
TI  - Polyethylene mulch modifies greenhouse microclimate and reduces infection of
      phytophthora infestans in tomato and Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber.
AB  - The individual and joint effects of covering the soil with polyethylene mulch
      before planting and fungicides commonly used by organic growers on tomato late
      blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) were studied in three experiments
      conducted from 2002 to 2005. Application of fungicides resulted in inconsistent
      and insufficient late blight suppression (control efficacy +/- standard error of
      34.5 +/- 14.3%) but the polyethylene mulch resulted in consistent, effective, and
      highly significant suppression (control efficacy of 83.6 +/- 5.5%) of the
      disease. The combined effect of the two measures was additive. In a second set of
      three experiments carried out between 2004 and 2006, it was found that the type
      of polyethylene mulch used (bicolor aluminized, clear, or black) did not affect
      the efficacy of late blight suppression (control efficacy of 60.1 to 95.8%) and
      the differences in the effects among the different polyethylene mulches used were
      insignificant. Next, the ability of the mulch to suppress cucumber downy mildew
      (caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis) was studied in four experiments carried
      out between 2006 and 2008. The mulch effectively suppressed cucumber downy mildew
      but the effect was less substantial (control efficacy of 34.9 +/- 4.8%) than that
      achieved for tomato late blight. The disease-suppressing effect of mulch appeared
      to come from a reduction in leaf wetness duration, because mulching led to
      reductions in both the frequency of nights when dew formed and the number of dew
      hours per night when it formed. Mulching also reduced relative humidity in the
      canopy, which may have reduced sporulation.

PMID- 19968556
TI  - Development, comparison, and validation of real-time and conventional PCR tools
      for the detection of the fungal pathogens causing brown spot and red band needle
      blights of pine.
AB  - Dothistroma pini, D. septosporum, and Lecanosticta acicola are fungal pathogens
      that cause severe foliage diseases in conifers. All three pathogens are listed as
      quarantine organisms in numerous countries throughout the world and, thus, are
      subject to specific monitoring. Detection and identification of these pathogens
      still often relies on cumbersome and unsatisfactory methods that are based upon
      the morphological characterization of fungal fruiting bodies and conidia. In this
      study, we present the development of several new molecular tools that enable a
      rapid and specific in planta detection of each of these pathogens. Several DNA
      extraction procedures starting from infected needles were compared and four
      commercial DNA extraction kits provided DNA of satisfactory quality for
      amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, we developed
      several sets of conventional PCR primers, dual-labeled probes (DLPs), and duplex
      scorpion probes (DSPs), all of which targeted each pathogen. Their ability to
      detect the pathogens in a series of naturally infected needle samples was
      compared. The quadruplex DLP real-time assay proved to be more sensitive than the
      DSP assay and conventional PCR but the two real-time probe formats yielded
      identical results in the naturally infected samples. Both real-time assays proved
      to be significantly superior to the technique of humid chamber incubation, which
      often failed to produce spores for the accurate identification of the pathogens.

PMID- 19968557
TI  - Experiences of using the GMP audit preparation tool in pharmaceutical contract
      manufacturer audits.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Use of external contractors is nowadays inevitable in the
      pharmaceutical industry. Therefore the amount of current good manufacturing
      practice audits has been increasing. During the audit, a large amount of items
      should be covered in a limited amount of time. Consequently, pharmaceutical
      companies should have systematic and effective ways to manage and prepare for the
      audits. This study is a continuation to the earlier study, where a tool for the
      preparation of cGMP audit was developed and its content was validated. The
      objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the developed tool in
      audit preparation and during the actual cGMP audit. METHOD: Three qualitative
      research methods were used in this study (observation, interviews, and opinion
      survey). First, the validity of the information given through the tool was
      examined by comparing the responses to the actual conditions observed during the
      contract manufacturer audits (n = 15). Additionally the opinions of the contract
      manufacturers of the tool were gathered (n = 10) and the auditors were
      interviewed (n = 2). RESULTS: The developed tool was proven to be useful in audit
      preparation phase from both the auditor's and the contract manufacturers' point
      of view. Furthermore, using the tool can also save some time when performing the
      audit. CONCLUSION: The results show that using the tool can give significant
      support in audit preparation phase and also during the actual audit.

PMID- 19968558
TI  - Polyamine catabolism is enhanced after traumatic brain injury.
AB  - Polyamines spermine and spermidine are highly regulated, ubiquitous aliphatic
      cations that maintain DNA structure and function as immunomodulators and as
      antioxidants. Polyamine homeostasis is disrupted after brain injuries, with
      concomitant generation of toxic metabolites that may contribute to secondary
      injuries. To test the hypothesis of increased brain polyamine catabolism after
      traumatic brain injury (TBI), we determined changes in catabolic enzymes and
      polyamine levels in the rat brain after lateral controlled cortical impact TBI.
      Spermine oxidase (SMO) catalyzes the degradation of spermine to spermidine,
      generating H2O2 and aminoaldehydes. Spermidine/spermine-N(1)-acetyltransferase
      (SSAT) catalyzes acetylation of these polyamines, and both are further oxidized
      in a reaction that generates putrescine, H2O2, and aminoaldehydes. In a rat
      cortical impact model of TBI, SSAT mRNA increased subacutely (6-24 h) after TBI
      in ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus. SMO mRNA levels were elevated late, from 3
      to 7 days post-injury. Polyamine catabolism increased as well. Spermine levels
      were normal at 6 h and decreased slightly at 24 h, but were normal again by 72 h
      post-injury. Spermidine levels also decreased slightly (6-24 h), then increased
      by approximately 50% at 72 h post-injury. By contrast, normally low putrescine
      levels increased up to sixfold (6-72 h) after TBI. Moreover, N-acetylspermidine
      (but not N-acetylspermine) was detectable (24-72 h) near the site of injury,
      consistent with increased SSAT activity. None of these changes were seen in the
      contralateral hemisphere. Immunohistochemical confirmation indicated that SSAT
      and SMO were expressed throughout the brain. SSAT-immunoreactivity (SSAT-ir)
      increased in both neuronal and nonneuronal (likely glial) populations ipsilateral
      to injury. Interestingly, bilateral increases in cortical SSAT-ir neurons
      occurred at 72 h post-injury, whereas hippocampal changes occurred only
      ipsilaterally. Prolonged increases in brain polyamine catabolism are the likely
      cause of loss of homeostasis in this pathway. The potential for simple
      therapeutic interventions (e.g., polyamine supplementation or inhibition of
      polyamine oxidation) is an exciting implication of these studies.

PMID- 19968560
TI  - A life of adventure in immunobiology.
AB  - This article outlines my early start in medicine, a late start in immunology
      research, and my efforts to integrate the two activities. I first describe some
      of the background information, excitement, and implications of the recognition of
      T and B cells as separate but functionally intertwined arms of the adaptive
      immune system. The article continues with a brief account of my colleagues' and
      my efforts to use the model of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation along T
      and B cell lines to gain a better understanding of immunodeficiency diseases and
      lymphoid malignancies. It concludes with the discovery of a more ancient adaptive
      immune system in which T-like and B-like cells in jawless vertebrates use
      variable lymphocyte receptors constructed with leucine-rich-repeat sequences to
      recognize antigens.

PMID- 19968561
TI  - An integrated view of humoral innate immunity: pentraxins as a paradigm.
AB  - The innate immune system consists of a cellular and a humoral arm. Pentraxins
      (e.g., the short pentraxin C reactive protein and the long pentraxin PTX3) are
      key components of the humoral arm of innate immunity which also includes
      complement components, collectins, and ficolins. In response to microorganisms
      and tissue damage, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells are major
      sources of fluid-phase pattern-recognition molecules (PRMs) belonging to
      different molecular classes. Humoral PRMs in turn interact with and regulate
      cellular effectors. Effector mechanisms of the humoral innate immune system
      include activation and regulation of the complement cascade; agglutination and
      neutralization; facilitation of recognition via cellular receptors
      (opsonization); and regulation of inflammation. Thus, the humoral arm of innate
      immunity is an integrated system consisting of different molecules and sharing
      functional outputs with antibodies.

PMID- 19968562
TI  - How bacterial carbohydrates influence the adaptive immune system.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of most pathogenic bacteria are T cell
      independent antigens whose conjugation to carrier proteins evokes a carbohydrate
      specific response eliciting T cell help. However, certain bacterial CPSs, known
      as zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs), activate the adaptive immune system
      through processing by antigen-presenting cells and presentation by the major
      histocompatibility complex class II pathway to CD4(+) T cells. This discovery was
      the first mechanistic insight into how carbohydrates-a class of biological
      molecules previously thought to be T cell independent-can in fact activate T
      cells. Through their ability to activate CD4(+) T cells, ZPSs direct the cellular
      and physical maturation of the developing immune system. In this review, we
      explore the still-enigmatic relations between CPSs and the adaptive immune
      machinery at the cellular and molecular levels, and we discuss how new insights
      into the biological impact of ZPSs expand our concepts of the role of
      carbohydrates in microbial interactions with the adaptive immune system.

PMID- 19968563
TI  - Recipes for foodborne outbreaks: a scheme for categorizing and grouping
      implicated foods.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To better understand the sources of foodborne illness, we propose a
      scheme for categorizing foods implicated in investigations of outbreaks of
      foodborne diseases. Because nearly 2000 foods have been reported as causing
      outbreaks in the United States, foods must be grouped for meaningful analyses.
      METHODS: We defined a hierarchy of 17 mutually exclusive food commodities. We
      defined the following three commodity groups from which nearly all food is
      derived: aquatic animals, land animals, and plants. We defined three commodities
      in aquatic animals, six in land animals, and eight in plants. We considered each
      food as a set of ingredients composed of one or more commodities. We defined a
      simple food as one made of ingredients that are all in one commodity and a
      complex food as one containing ingredients in more than one commodity. We
      determined likely ingredients using a panel of epidemiologists and a web-based
      search process. RESULTS: We assigned 1709 (95%) of the 1794 foods implicated in
      outbreaks of foodborne diseases reported to Centers for Disease Control and
      Prevention from 1973 to 2006. Of those, 987 (57%) were simple foods and 722 (43%)
      were complex foods. DISCUSSION: This categorization may serve as an input for
      modeling the attribution of human illness to specific food commodities and could
      be used by policy makers, health officials, regulatory agencies, and consumer
      groups to evaluate the contribution of various food commodities to illness.

PMID- 19968564
TI  - Phylogeny, ecology, and heart position in snakes.
AB  - The cardiovascular system of all animals is affected by gravitational pressure
      gradients, the intensity of which varies according to organismic features,
      behavior, and habitat occupied. A previous nonphylogenetic analysis of heart
      position in snakes-which often assume vertical postures-found the heart located
      15%-25% of total body length from the head in terrestrial and arboreal species
      but 25%-45% in aquatic species. It was hypothesized that a more anterior heart in
      arboreal species served to reduce the hydrostatic blood pressure when these
      animals adopt vertical postures during climbing, whereas an anterior heart
      position would not be needed in aquatic habitats, where the effects of gravity
      are less pronounced. We analyzed a new data set of 155 species from five major
      families of Alethinophidia (one of the two major branches of snakes, the other
      being blind snakes, Scolecophidia) using both conventional and phylogenetically
      based statistical methods. General linear models regressing log(10) snout-heart
      position on log(10) snout-vent length (SVL), as well as dummy variables coding
      for habitat and/or clade, were compared using likelihood ratio tests and the
      Akaike Information Criterion. Heart distance to the tip of the snout scaled
      isometrically with SVL. In all instances, phylogenetic models that incorporated
      transformation of the branch lengths under an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model of
      evolution (to mimic stabilizing selection) better fit the data as compared with
      their nonphylogenetic counterparts. The best-fit model predicting snake heart
      position included aspects of both habitat and clade and indicated that arboreal
      snakes in our study tend to have hearts placed more posteriorly, opposite the
      trend identified in previous studies. Phylogenetic signal in relative heart
      position was apparent both within and among clades. Our results suggest that
      overcoming gravitational pressure gradients in snakes most likely involves the
      combined action of several cardiovascular and behavioral adaptations in addition
      to alterations in relative heart location.

PMID- 19968559
TI  - Functional anatomy of T cell activation and synapse formation.
AB  - T cell activation and function require a structured engagement of antigen
      presenting cells. These cell contacts are characterized by two distinct dynamics
      in vivo: transient contacts resulting from promigratory junctions called
      immunological kinapses or prolonged contacts from stable junctions called
      immunological synapses. Kinapses operate in the steady state to allow referencing
      to self-peptide-MHC (pMHC) and searching for pathogen-derived pMHC. Synapses are
      induced by T cell receptor (TCR) interactions with agonist pMHC under specific
      conditions and correlate with robust immune responses that generate effector and
      memory T cells. High-resolution imaging has revealed that the synapse is highly
      coordinated, integrating cell adhesion, TCR recognition of pMHC complexes, and an
      array of activating and inhibitory ligands to promote or prevent T cell
      signaling. In this review, we examine the molecular components, geometry, and
      timing underlying kinapses and synapses. We integrate recent molecular and
      physiological data to provide a synthesis and suggest ways forward.

PMID- 19968565
TI  - Parathyroid hormone regulates fetal-placental mineral homeostasis.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays an essential role in regulating calcium and bone
      homeostasis in the adult, but whether PTH is required at all for regulating fetal
      placental mineral homeostasis and skeletal development is uncertain. We
      hypothesized that despite its low circulating levels during fetal life, PTH plays
      a critical role in regulating these processes. To address this, we examined two
      different genetic models of PTH deficiency. Pth null mice have enlarged
      parathyroids that are incapable of making PTH, whereas Gcm2 null mice lack
      parathyroids but have PTH that arises from the thymus. Pth nulls served as a
      model of complete absence of PTH, whereas Gcm2 nulls were a model of severe
      hypoparathyroidism. We determined that PTH contributes importantly to fetal
      mineral homeostasis because in its absence a fetal hypoparathyroid phenotype
      results with hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia, low amniotic fluid
      mineral content, and reduced skeletal mineral content. We also determined that
      PTH is expressed in the placenta, regulates the placental expression of genes
      involved in calcium and other solute transfer, and may directly stimulate
      placental calcium transfer. Although parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)
      acts in concert with PTH to regulate fetal mineral homeostasis and placental
      calcium transfer, unlike PTH, it does not upregulate in response to fetal
      hypocalcemia.

PMID- 19968566
TI  - 3D-QSAR, molecular docking studies, and binding mode prediction of thiolactomycin
      analogs as mtFabH inhibitors.
AB  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III
      (mtFabH) has been identified as a novel target for treating tuberculosis. The aim
      of this study was to understand the binding affinities of thiolactomycin (TLM)
      analogs for mtFabH based on 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D
      QSAR) analysis and molecular docking studies. The 3D-QSAR models produced
      statistically significant results (comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA)
      r2 cv = 0.701, r(2) = 0.988; comparative molecular similarity indices analysis
      (CoMSIA) r2 cv = 0.625, r(2) = 0.969) with 40 TLM analogs. In particular,
      compounds possessing hydrogen bond acceptors attached to the end of side chains
      at the C5 position of TLM analogs may enhance their activity. The results of 3D
      QSAR models were further compared with structure-based analysis using docking
      studies with the crystal structure of mtFabH. A plausible binding mode between
      TLM analogs and mtFabH is proposed.

PMID- 19968567
TI  - Design of oral insulin delivery systems.
AB  - The possibility of administering insulin orally in replacement of painful
      subcutaneous route has been investigated over years but with varying degree of
      success. Nanoparticles, microparticles, hydrogel, capsule, tablet, and film patch
      are designed to deliver insulin orally. They are largely formulated with
      polymeric adhesive, protease inhibitor, insulin aggregation inhibitor, and
      functional excipients to induce transcellular, paracellular, Peyer's patches, or
      receptor-mediated transport of insulin in gastrointestinal tract. Superporous
      matrix, intestinal patches, and charged-coupled micromagnet microparticles are
      recent formulation strategies to promote oral insulin absorption. The formulation
      emphasizes on assembly of insulin and excipients into a physical structure which
      provides an element of drug targeting to maintain stability and increase
      bioavailability of insulin. The overview of various strategies applied in oral
      insulin delivery system design denotes the significance of mucoadhesiveness
      whereby a prolonged retention of dosage form in intestinal tract translates to
      cumulative insulin release and absorption, overcoming the intestinal transport
      capacity limit. Synthesis and use of mucoadhesive excipients, chemical
      modification of insulin to promote its physicochemical and biological stability
      for encapsulation in dosage form with prolonged retention characteristics and
      identification of potential insulin adjuncts are efforts needed to accelerate the
      speed of obtaining a functional oral insulin delivery system.

PMID- 19968568
TI  - Roles of assistive devices for home care staff in Sweden: a qualitative study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To explore home care staff experiences in relation to assistive devices
      and the use of assistive device at work. METHOD: Individual conversational
      interviews with 14 home care staff were used. Qualitative content analysis was
      used to analyse the data. RESULTS: A broad meaning attached to the use of
      assistive devices at work emerged in three themes. In 'staff's role at work in
      relation to assistive devices', their different roles emerged in relation to
      knowledge and instruction as well as safeguarding the user. 'Assistive devices as
      a product and their significance for staff' showed that devices were an
      integrated part of staff work in the users' home. Devices influenced staff
      cooperation, feelings and were significant in relation to time and finance.
      Regarding 'assistive devices and their significance for the user from the staff's
      perspective', the staff felt that devices were a prerequisite for the user coping
      with everyday life and they also had an emotional significance. CONCLUSION:
      Assistive devices play a significant and important role for home care staff. An
      increased understanding among prescribers and other health care staff about home
      care staff knowledge about, work with and experience from assistive devices could
      contribute to a better care and rehabilitation for home care recipients.

PMID- 19968569
TI  - 'Beyond the cushion': a study of occupational therapists' perceptions of their
      role and clinical decisions in pressure care.
AB  - PURPOSE: Occupational therapists are frequently involved in pressure care
      management in rehabilitation and community settings. The purpose of this study
      was to investigate the perceptions of occupational therapists about their role
      within pressure care and the influences on clinical decisions in this area.
      METHODS: A grounded theory approach was used and semi-structured interviews were
      conducted with nine occupational therapists who had provided pressure care to
      clients within the Hunter Region of Australia. Data were analysed using the
      constant comparative method. RESULTS: The occupational therapy (OT) role in
      pressure care is diverse and shaped by contextual factors in the workplace.
      Informants perceived uncertainty surrounding some aspects of their role in
      pressure care, and with perceptions of other health professionals about their
      role. OT clinical decisions in pressure care are influenced by intrinsic and
      extrinsic factors including OT knowledge and experience, client centred
      approaches and the availability of resources. Relationships between study themes
      were summarised in a diagram to articulate the factors contributing to the
      perceptions of OT's about their role in pressure care. CONCLUSIONS: There is a
      need for further investigation into the role and clinical decision making of
      therapists involved in pressure care. Occupational therapists need to promote
      their role in pressure care to other health professionals.

PMID- 19968570
TI  - On the interaction of disability and aging: Accelerated degradation models and
      their influence on projections of future care needs and costs for personal injury
      litigation.
AB  - PURPOSE: Accelerated degradation models are emerging as ways to characterize the
      interaction between disability and the functional decline of aging and to provide
      insights about the processes of aging with disability. Typically the models
      employ sophisticated mathematical treatments that are beyond the scope of many
      clinicians, lawyers, and others who might benefit from the information they
      contain. The purpose of this report is to characterize some rudimentary features
      of the models, in more readily understandable language, and illustrate how
      understanding of the underlying constructs can influence decisions regarding
      resource allocation and other projections of future care needs. METHODS: A
      literature review of longitudinal aging and disability studies was completed and
      simplified mathematical modeling undertaken, with hypothetical data, to
      illustrate various outcomes of the interaction of disability with the functional
      decline of aging. A specific example, drawn from personal injury litigation, i.e.
      projection of future care costs, was used to illustrate the practical
      applicability of this conceptual model. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the accelerated
      functional decline brought about by the superimposition of age-related functional
      losses on pre-existing disability reveals a need to provide for aids and
      personnel supports at an earlier age than might be expected because of the
      multiplicative interaction and the inadequacy of functional reserves to
      compensate for the disability.

PMID- 19968571
TI  - Ezetimibe/simvastatin.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Treatments with ezetimibe/simvastatin (combined or alone) have been
      indicated as very promising approaches to strongly reduce cholesterol levels in
      hyperlipidemic patients. OBJECTIVE: We will discuss the efficacy and safety of
      ezetimibe/simvastatin and their potential to reduce atheroprogression. The
      molecular mechanisms underlying the possible benefits in atherosclerosis and its
      complications will also be described. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy with
      ezetimibe/simvastatin has been shown to improve lipid profile inducing a very
      rapid reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in clinical trials.
      In the near future, potential clinical benefits could be observed in the IMPROVE
      IT or SHARP trials. Although clinical studies are needed to further confirm
      safety of ezetimibe/simvastatin therapy, the greater efficacy in lipid-lowering
      was not associated with the increase of adverse events. Also the possible
      association between ezetimibe and cancer, which was observed in the SEAS trial,
      was not confirmed by further studies and meta-analyses. At present, ezetimibe
      should be considered an effective lipid-lowering agent that can be used in
      conjunction with simvastatin at the beginning of therapy, or included in the
      treatment of patients who do not achieve their low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol goal with statins alone.

PMID- 19968572
TI  - Rechallenge in drug-induced liver injury: the attractive hazard.
AB  - Progress in the understanding of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is clearly
      hampered by the lack of specific markers of the disease. In this scenario,
      recrudescence of the liver injury upon re-exposure to the suspicious drug is
      considered the more reliable evidence of DILI. On-purpose re-exposure, however,
      entails both practical and ethical issues because the bulk of situations in
      clinical practice are non-immunoallergic DILI in which a provocation test
      frequently would give negative results. Besides, deliberate re-exposure with a
      drug that is not considered vital or essential is potentially harmful and, hence,
      hardly justified in DILI, and rechallenge is more commonly described in an
      unintentional basis. The causes, characteristics and consequences of rechallenge
      have been specifically addressed recently. For causality assessment, a positive
      rechallenge test carries the strong value, and is accordingly scored by clinical
      algorithms. Such clinical scales, however, reward drugs that are associated with
      a positive rechallenge response, but might be considered biased against those
      where re-administration fails to elicit a response or, more commonly, for which
      no rechallenge is attempted.

PMID- 19968573
TI  - The missing linkage: what pharmacogenetic associations are left to find in CYP3A?
AB  - IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: An enormous amount of drugs and endogenous substrates
      are metabolized by the enzymes encoded in the CYP3A gene cluster, making
      variation at this locus of utmost importance in the field of pharmacogenetics.
      However, the identification of genetic variation that contributes to the wide
      phenotypic variability at this locus has been elusive. While dozens of studies
      have investigated the effects of coding variants, none have found the definitive
      answer to what variant or variants explain the distribution of enzyme activity
      and clinical effects seen with the drug metabolized by these genes. AREAS COVERED
      IN THIS REVIEW: This review highlights the recent pharmacogenetic work at the
      CYP3A locus, in particular studies on known functional variants in CYP3A4 and
      CYP3A5. In addition, common pharmacogenetic strategies as well as considerations
      specific to the CYP3A locus are discussed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: The reader
      will gain a greater understanding of the complexities involved in studying the
      CYP3A locus, population differences that may affect pharmacogenetic studies at
      this locus and the importance of variation that affect gene regulation. TAKE HOME
      MESSAGE: More innovative and comprehensive methods to assay this region are
      needed, with particular attention paid to the role of gene regulation and non
      coding sequence.

PMID- 19968574
TI  - CYP2C19 genotypes in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of proton pump
      inhibitor-based therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection.
AB  - IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent gastric acid
      inhibitors. Therapies with a PPI and antibiotics are used to cure Helicobacter
      pylori (H. pylori) infection, which is closely related to many gastrointestinal
      diseases. Most PPIs are mainly metabolized by cytochrome 2C19 (CYP2C19). The
      genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 may lead to the differences in pharmacokinetics
      (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and clinical efficacy of PPIs. AREAS COVERED IN THIS
      REVIEW: The roles of PPIs on the eradication of H. pylori are summarized. The
      impact f CYP2C19 polymorphism on the PK and PD of PPIs is addressed and related
      to the present status of therapy for H. pylori infection. The opinions on the
      strategy of PPIs-based therapies of H. pylori infection are provided. WHAT THE
      READER WILL GAIN: Update the factors that may influence the PPIs-based therapies
      of H. pylori infection. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: The eradication rates of H. pylori
      infection are significantly different between patients who are CYP2C19 extensive
      metabolizers and poor metabolizers, partly because of the differences in the PK
      and PD of PPIs. Nonetheless, the differences can be improved by adjusting the
      regimens of PPIs and using antibiotics that have less H. pylori-resistance.

PMID- 19968576
TI  - The cladribine conundrum: deciphering the drug's mechanism of action.
AB  - IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Understanding fully the mechanism(s) of action of
      current and novel anticancer drugs is essential to optimize treatment regimens
      for oncology patients, to improve or extend drug efficacy and reduce patient side
      effects. Nucleoside analogues, either alone or in combination with additional
      therapeutic agents, are an essential part of first-line and salvage regimens
      directed against neoplastic diseases. However, many mechanistic studies on this
      class of drugs have been carried out in vitro or ex vivo at drug concentrations
      that are orders of magnitude higher than levels achieved in vivo. AREAS COVERED
      IN THIS REVIEW: In this paper, we focus on the anti-leukemic drug and nucleoside
      analogue, cladribine (2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine), to illustrate the difficulty
      in interpreting the significance of in vitro results obtained using drug
      concentrations that would be markedly deleterious to patients. WHAT THE READER
      WILL GAIN: We review numerous research reports that have been conducted at
      pharmacologically achievable drug levels compared to those using toxic
      concentrations and contrast the respective results. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: We propose
      that cellular responses to supra-pharmacological drug concentrations occur via
      distinctly different mechanisms and signaling pathways compared to the much lower
      plasma concentrations achieved with clinically relevant doses, and thus may not
      provide appropriate insights into a drug's mechanism of action.

PMID- 19968577
TI  - Methods for the selection of assistive technology in neurological rehabilitation
      practice.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To identify theoretical frameworks and instruments used by
      rehabilitation professionals to perform the selection process of assistive
      technology (AT) in neurological rehabilitation centres in six Western European
      countries. DESIGN: Descriptive, exploratory study by using survey design.
      METHODS: Sixty neurological rehabilitation centres were selected from the total
      number (n = 259) of centres, identified through a search of official databases
      from national bodies and associations, with 10 in each country. Each centre was
      approached to identify a professional to be contacted. Custom-designed
      questionnaires with multiple-choice and open-ended questions were sent out by e
      mail and regular mail to each of these professionals. RESULTS: Thirty
      questionnaires were returned, of which 29 could be analysed. Ten participants
      reported using a theoretical framework to select AT. Four models, three frames of
      reference, and one international classification were mentioned. Fifteen
      professionals replied to the question on which instruments they use by mentioning
      one or more methods; 14 participants stated that they used no specific
      instruments or left the question open. The instruments mentioned show a broad
      variety, the majority of the published ones not being AT-specific. Professionals
      often use self-made tools to fill this gap. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of
      evidence-based AT-specific methods for the selection process. The development of
      comprehensive, easy to use tools for the selection of AT is recommended.

PMID- 19968575
TI  - Dose adjustment of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors during
      concurrent rifampicin-containing tuberculosis therapy: one size does not fit all.
AB  - IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection is common and
      associated with high mortality. Simultaneous highly active antiretroviral therapy
      during TB treatment is associated with substantial survival benefit but drug-drug
      interactions complicate NNRTI dosing. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: We reviewed
      the impact of rifampicin-containing TB therapy on the NNRTIs pharmacokinetics and
      clinical outcome. PubMed database was searched from 1966 to July 2009 using the
      terms efavirenz, rifampicin, nevirapine, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, HIV,
      TB, CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and metabolism. References from identified articles and
      abstracts from meetings were also reviewed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: A
      comprehensive review of the literature on this subject including pharmacokinetic
      and clinical studies. Most studies were small, observational or underpowered to
      detect the true effect of rifampicin on NNRTI-based therapy. None of the studies
      were controlled for genetic factors and there were limited data on children. TAKE
      HOME MESSAGE: There were insufficient data to make definitive recommendations
      about dose adjustment of the NNRTIs during rifampin-containing therapy. Current
      data suggest that the standard dose of efavirenz or nevirapine is adequate in
      most HIV/TB co-infected adults. However, more research is needed in pediatric
      populations as well as to define role of drug-gene interactions.

PMID- 19968578
TI  - Physicians' perceptions of an eczema action plan for atopic dermatitis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to topical medications in atopic dermatitis may lead
      to exposure to more costly and potentially toxic systemic agents. Written action
      plans (WAPs) improve adherence and treatment outcomes in asthma patients and may
      be useful for children with atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: To assess physicians'
      perceptions of a WAP for atopic dermatitis and their openness to using it.
      METHODS: An Eczema Action Plan (EAP) was modeled from those used in pediatric
      asthma. A brief survey to assess the perceived practicality and usefulness of the
      EAP was sent to 48 pediatricians in our local area and to 17 pediatric
      dermatologists nationally. Survey items included layout, graphics, readability,
      accuracy, and utility. Qualitative analyses were performed due to small sample
      sizes. RESULTS: Seventeen pediatricians from five community practices and eight
      pediatric dermatologists responded (response rates of 35% and 41%, respectively).
      Layout was rated as excellent by 59% of pediatricians and 43% of pediatric
      dermatologists, the graphics were rated good (60% and 70%), the readability as
      good to excellent (100% and 86%), the accuracy as excellent or good (83% and
      86%), and usefulness as good to excellent (100% of both groups). Most (71%) of
      the pediatric dermatologists reported already having their own patient education
      materials for atopic dermatitis, but none of the pediatricians did. All
      pediatricians and 60% of pediatric dermatologists reported they were likely to
      use the EAP in their clinical practices. Limitations included the sample size
      being small, but it still provided for qualitative assessment of generalists and
      sub-specialists. We did not assess how the EAP would be perceived by patients or
      their families. The practice settings of the community and academic physicians
      are not identical, which may make for weakened comparisons. CONCLUSIONS:
      Pediatricians are open to using an EAP for atopic dermatitis. If an EAP were
      effective at improving adherence and outcomes in atopic dermatitis, widespread
      implementation should be feasible.

PMID- 19968579
TI  - Milatuzumab - a promising new immunotherapeutic agent.
AB  - Milatuzumab is a new immunotherapeutic agent targeting CD74, a membrane protein
      preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cancers and some solid tumors. Broad
      expression and fast internalization makes CD74 an ideal target for cancer
      therapy. We reviewed published articles about CD74 and milatuzumab. We present a
      comprehensive review of CD74 functions and provide explanation of milatuzumab
      antitumor effects. This review describes CD74 protein biology with the emphasis
      on the role of CD74 in tumor survival and its new role in regulation of the Fas
      death receptor. The development of CD74 targeting therapies to induce tumor
      regression and cancer cell apoptosis is described and results of clinical trials
      are discussed. Milatuzumab shows selective binding and rapid internalization into
      CD74-positive cancer cells. Milatuzumab with and without conjugated toxins
      synergizes with other chemotherapeutic agents and elicits significant antitumor
      effects in mice. In a Phase I trial, milatuzumab showed no severe adverse effects
      in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and it stabilized the
      disease in some patients for up to 12 weeks. Ongoing trials testing different
      treatment schedules of milatuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma and multiple myeloma indicate that milatuzumab shows no severe adverse
      effects in humans.

PMID- 19968580
TI  - Effect of dutasteride on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha,
      vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density in rat and human
      prostate tissue.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dutasteride on the expression of
      angiogenesis markers in rat and human prostates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight-week
      old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups of six each according
      to dutasteride dose, including the control group (regular diet), 2.5 mg group
      (2.5 mg/kg dutasteride) and 5.0 mg group (5.0 mg/kg dutasteride). A total of 41
      patients awaiting transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were divided
      into two groups: 20 patients received no medication and 21 received 0.5 mg
      dutasteride daily for 2-4 weeks until TURP. RESULTS: At 2 weeks, dutasteride
      effected a significant decrease in body weight and prostate weight compared with
      the control rat group. Analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain
      reaction and Western blot revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF
      1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was lower in the
      dutasteride-treated groups than in the control group, except for HIF-1alpha
      protein. HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression was similar in the 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg
      groups. Human prostate tissues demonstrated homogeneous staining of HIF-1alpha
      and VEGF with regard to extent, intensity and intracellular location in both
      groups. There was no significant difference in microvessel density between the
      two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in rat prostates
      is suppressed by dutasteride. However, less than 4 weeks of dutasteride
      administration does not suppress the expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and
      microvessel density in human prostate tissue. Further clinical investigation with
      dutasteride including a larger, placebo-controlled study is warranted to
      establish the mechanism and duration of dutasteride.

PMID- 19968581
TI  - Prognostic factors and long-term survival in renal cell cancer patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The long-term survival of renal cell cancer (RCC) patients is not
      reported in the recent literature. This study evaluated the significance of known
      clinical prognostic factors and long-term survival in a large centrally treated
      Finnish RCC population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 948 patients diagnosed between
      1964 and 1997 the relative overall survival (OS) was calculated up to 25 years by
      Bayesian analysis and the life-table method. The effect of gender, age, cancer
      stage, TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) class, Fuhrman's grade, symptoms and year
      of diagnosis was studied. RESULTS: Women and patients aged 40-49 years had better
      survival. Stage, TNM class and grade proved relevant for prognosis. The relative
      5-year overall survival was 88%, 63%, 65% and 15% in stages I-IV, respectively.
      Asymptomatic patients had better survival, their median survival being 8.1 years
      as against 9.1 years in patients with local symptoms and only 1.7 years in
      patients with systemic symptoms. The year of diagnosis was not significant in
      prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The most important explanatory factors were stage, age
      and clinical presentation of the tumour. RCC patients showed diminishing overall
      survival in the follow-up, with no plateau; almost 57% of patients developed
      local recurrence or distant metastases even after a very long disease-free
      interval.

PMID- 19968582
TI  - Segmental cystic kidney tumours in children.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Segmental cystic tumours in the kidney are extremely rare in children.
      This study reports our experience of those tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The
      operative database from 1993 to 2008 of the Hospital for Children and
      Adolescents, University of Helsinki, was evaluated for segmental cystic renal
      tumours without any solid component. Patient records, imaging studies and
      pathology specimens were reviewed. RESULTS: Four cases (three girls and one boy)
      were found; all were less than 3 years old at the time of diagnosis. All patients
      underwent kidney-preserving surgery with resection of the cystic tumour. Two
      patients had neoplasias: one cystic nephroma and one cystic partially
      differentiated nephroblastoma. Both of these patients had associated or
      predisposing disease (type I cystic pleuropulmonary blastoma of the lung and
      mulibrey nanism, respectively). Two patients had a non-neoplastic tumour;
      localized cystic disease of the kidney and segmental adult type autosomal
      dominant polycystic kidney disease. Neoplastic cystic tumours had a fibrous
      capsule in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and also in operation, unlike
      non-neoplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative and perioperative diagnosis is
      difficult in cases of segmental cystic kidney tumours in a child. If a neoplastic
      tumour is suspected complete resection of the tumour is mandatory.

PMID- 19968583
TI  - Outcome study of lower pole heminephrectomy in children.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the role and long-term outcome of lower pole
      heminephrectomy in the treatments of non-functioning lower renal moieties in
      children with duplex kidneys. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a period of 10 years 31
      lower pole heminephrectomies were performed in 30 patients with duplex systems.
      Eight patients were diagnosed prenatally, 24 patients (80%) presented with
      urinary tract infection and three (10%) with vomiting and failure to thrive, and
      five patients also had other symptoms. The indication for lower pole
      heminephroureterectomy was reflux nephropathy in non-functioning lower pole in 28
      patients (93%), pelviureteric junction obstruction in one patient (3%) and cystic
      dysplasia in one patient (3%). The surgical technique used was a combination of
      anterolateral loin incision plus right or left inguinal incision in 28 patients
      (90%). RESULTS: The operative course was uneventful, no blood transfusion were
      required, and no damage to the upper pole moiety or upper pole ureter was
      observed. Four patients (13%) had immediate postoperative complications and three
      (10%) had late postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up revealed no
      complications in 27 patients (90%) and three patients (10%) with increased
      urinary frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that lower pole
      heminephrectomy is the treatment of choice in cases of non-functioning dilated
      lower segments of duplicated kidneys. The use of two incisions in this procedure
      is effective in preventing the need for further surgical treatment secondary to
      complications of the stump.

PMID- 19968584
TI  - Hidden high-grade vesicoureteral reflux is the main risk factor for chronic renal
      damage in children under the age of two years with first urinary tract infection.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present prospective trial was to investigate, in a
      cohort of young children with first urinary tract infection (UTI) and negative
      prenatal history, the role of imaging in screening babies at risk of renal
      deterioration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children who had experienced the first
      febrile UTI at or under the age of 2 years were enrolled. They had had normal
      foetal routine ultrasound. All the children underwent renal ultrasound after
      admission; those with sonographic signs of obstruction were excluded. Voiding
      cystoureterogram (VCUG) and (99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy
      were performed approximately 1 month and 6 months after the UTI, respectively.
      Finally, 65 babies (47.7% males, 38.6 +/- 1.3 weeks of gestational age) were
      prospectively followed up. RESULTS: In 15.4% and 29.2% of cases, the renal pelvis
      was < or =7 and >7 mm in diameter, respectively. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was
      detected in 55.4% of the children and renal scarring in 18.5%. Stepwise binary
      logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of VUR correlated
      significantly with renal scarring, excluding all the other variables from the
      model. In this cohort of babies, the severity of VUR seriously enhanced the risk
      of renal damage (odds ratio = 6.658, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Follow-up renal
      scintigraphy 6 months after a UTI can predict severe VUR in very young children
      showing renal scarring, detecting only those who are at risk of loss of kidney
      function and who would require further assessment. After the first episode of
      UTI, the practice of performing VCUG in babies with normal DMSA scintigraphy is
      of doubtful value.

PMID- 19968585
TI  - Combination of vesicoureteric reflux and vesicoureteric junction obstruction.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study analysed the association of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and
      vesicoureteric junction obstruction (VUJO) requiring surgical interventions in
      infants and children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over 30 years (1975-2004) 423 infants
      and children were operated on because of VUR, 163 owing to VUJO and 25 patients
      (33 ureters) with a combination of VUR and obstruction of the vesicoureteric
      junction on the same side. For both pathological entities ureteral reimplantation
      was performed along with excision of the narrowed and refluxing distal ureteric
      segment. The age of patients at surgery ranged from 3 months to 11 years (average
      2.6 years). The female to male ratio was 1.4:1. RESULTS: Out of the 25 patients
      (33 ureters), both entities were diagnosed before surgery in 10 of them (15
      ureters). In 15 cases (18 ureters), only the VUR was preoperatively diagnosed;
      however, the VUJO was only suspected and confirmed during the operation. In one
      refluxing ureter, the obstruction was not diagnosed during subureteric endoscopic
      injection of the orifice. In five of the 33 ureters, redo reimplantation was
      necessary because of obstruction (four ureters) or reflux (one ureter).
      CONCLUSIONS: A combination of VUR and VUJO should be taken into consideration in
      a patient with proven reflux, where the ureter is dilated and tortuous and
      following urination the hydronephrosis and hydroureter persist or slowly
      decrease. In such cases long-term prophylaxis and endoscopic treatment are
      contraindicated but open surgery (reimplantation) is recommended.

PMID- 19968586
TI  - Sildenafil protects epithelial cell through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase
      and the impairment of ROS production.
AB  - Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays an important role in various forms of ischemic and
      vascular injuries, inflammatory diseases and chronic heart failure. The XO
      inhibitors allopurinol and oxypurinol held considerable promise in the treatment
      of these conditions both in experimental animals and in human clinical trials.
      More recently, an endothelium-based protective effect of sildenafil has been
      reported in preconditioning prior to ischemia/reperfusion in healthy human
      subjects. Based on the structural similarities between allopurinol and oxypurinol
      with sildenafil and with zaprinast the authors have investigated the potential
      effects of these latter compounds on the buttermilk XO and on non-tumourigenic
      (HMEC) and malignant (MCF7) human mammary epithelial cells. Both sildenafil and
      zaprinast induced a significant and consistent decrease of XO expression and
      activity in either cell line. In MCF7 cells only, this effect was associated with
      the abrogation of xanthine-induced cytotoxicity. Overall, the data suggest that
      the protective effect of sildenafil on epithelial cells is a consequence of the
      inhibition of the XO and of the resulting decrease of free oxygen radical
      production that may influence the expression of NADPH oxidase and PDE-5.

PMID- 19968587
TI  - Silibinin induces protective superoxide generation in human breast cancer MCF-7
      cells.
AB  - The pharmacological activity of polyphenolic silibinin from milk thistle (Silybum
      marianum) is primarily due to its antioxidant property. However, this study found
      that silibinin promoted sustained superoxide (O(2)(.-)) production that was
      specifically scavenged by exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) in MCF-7 cells,
      while the activity of endogenous SOD was not changed by silibinin. Previous work
      proved that silibinin induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway
      and this study further proved that O(2)(.-) generation induced by silibinin was
      also related to mitochondria. It was found that respiratory chain complexes I, II
      and III were all involved in silibinin-induced O(2)(.-) generation. Moreover, it
      was found that silibinin-induced O(2)(.-) had protective effect, as exogenous SOD
      markedly enhanced silibinin-induced apoptosis.

PMID- 19968588
TI  - Ultrasound estimation of fetal weight in small for gestational age pregnancies.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Approximately half of small for gestational age (SGA) cases are due to
      maternal or fetal pathology, and may result in significant neonatal morbidity and
      mortality. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) measurement is the cornerstone of
      ultrasonographic findings when diagnosing and managing SGA pregnancies. Our
      objective was to determine the ultrasound accuracy of EFW in SGA pregnancies.
      METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of all pregnancies
      complicated by SGA from a single institution (Stanford University) over a 2-year
      period (2004-2006). SGA was defined as EFW < or = 10%. 98 neonates whose last
      ultrasound for EFW occurred within 7 days of delivery were included in the study.
      The absolute differences between the EFW and birthweight (BW) were analyzed, and
      the absolute percent errors were calculated as (EFW - BW)/BW x 100. The mean
      absolute differences and mean absolute percent errors were analyzed across all
      gestational ages (GA) and EFWs using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The
      mean absolute percent error for the entire cohort was 8.7% (+/-6.3%). There was
      no statistically significant difference in the mean absolute percent error across
      all GAs (<32 weeks, 32-36 weeks, >36 weeks), and EFWs (<1500 g, 1500-2000 g,
      >2000 g). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound measurement of EFW in SGA pregnancies is
      consistent across all GAs and EFW measurements.

PMID- 19968589
TI  - Review of vaginal birth after primary caesarean section without prostaglandin
      induction and or syntocinon augmentation in labour.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To show the results of vaginal birth after primary caesarean (VBAC)
      without using prostaglandin for induction and/or syntocinon augmentation are
      comparable when induction is done with these agents but without the added risks
      of uterine rupture. METHOD: A review of the obstetric records of 16,498
      parturient from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2006 was carried out. The 229 cases
      of women who wanted VBAC were subjected to further analysis to determine the
      number of successful vaginal delivery after spontaneous onset of labour or
      membrane sweep. The instrumental vaginal delivery rate, analgesia commonly used
      and the complication rate were analysed. RESULTS: The result showed that 34.49%
      had spontaneous onset of labour, 27.07% laboured after membrane sweep and 38.42%
      had repeat urgent caesarean section as they failed to go into spontaneous labour.
      Of those who went into labour spontaneously or after membrane sweep, 67% had
      vaginal delivery, a further 13.97% had instrumental vaginal delivery and 16% had
      emergency caesarean section. There was no case of uterine rupture. CONCLUSION:
      VBAC can end successfully in a high proportion of cases without the use of
      prostaglandin or syntocinon for induction of labour and or syntocinon for
      augmentation in these women because of their associated increased relative risk
      of uterine rupture.

PMID- 19968590
TI  - In utero management of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction with a novel shunt:
      a landmark development in fetal therapy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction occurs in approximately 1:3000
      pregnancies. Standard vesicoamniotic shunting is fraught with malfunctioning in
      upto 60% of cases. We hereby report the development and application of a novel
      and reliable shunt. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with lower urinary tract
      obstruction were offered the novel shunt among other standard management options.
      Shunting involved the placement of a double disk device with a standard double
      pig-tail catheter. All patients signed informed consent. RESULTS: Four patients
      have been treated with the novel shunt. In three patients, shunting was conducted
      between the bladder and amniotic cavity. In one patient (dichorionic-discordant
      twins) with a prior dislodged shunt causing urinary ascites, shunting was
      conducted between the peritoneal and amniotic cavities ('bridge shunt'). In all
      cases, correct and stable shunt placement was confirmed endoscopically and
      sonographically and in all patients, the fetal bladder remains effectively
      drained. CONCLUSION: Reliable and effective vesico or peritoneoamniotic shunting
      can be achieved with the novel shunt. This shunt cannot become dislodged into the
      peritoneal cavity or the amniotic cavity, and cannot be pulled out by the fetus.
      Further experience is necessary to determine the risks and benefits of this novel
      treatment for fetal lower urinary tract obstruction.

PMID- 19968591
TI  - First trimester abnormal profile and facial angle. Early features of anterior
      cephalocele.
AB  - We present a first trimester scan suspicious of fetal anterior cephalocele due to
      the finding of a fetus with an abnormal profile and an abnormal facial angle,
      with a subsequent early confirmation at 16 weeks of gestation.

PMID- 19968592
TI  - Prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients suffering
      from diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
      in adult patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2) attending outpatient
      clinics in Saudi Arabia and to determine the demographic profile and
      pharmaceutical management of these patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:
      Eligible patients from 100 outpatient clinics treating patients with diabetes
      mellitus across Saudi Arabia completed an epidemiologic questionnaire to obtain
      demographic information and medication history. Following this, the validated DN4
      pain questionnaire was used to identify the presence of painful diabetic
      peripheral neuropathy (score of > or =4). RESULTS: A total of 1039 patients were
      enrolled. Following the DN4 pain questionnaire, an overall prevalence of painful
      diabetic peripheral neuropathy of 65.3% (n = 678) was found. The age of patients,
      their sex, and the duration of underlying diabetes were found to be statistically
      significant factors in the development of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
      No statistically significant difference was found between smoking history, body
      mass index, or racial origin and presence of painful diabetic peripheral
      neuropathy. On initial evaluation, 42.3% (n = 440) stated they were receiving
      treatment for pain. Following evaluation using the DN4 pain questionnaire, the
      number prescribed therapeutic pain management increased to more than two thirds
      (68.7%, n = 714) of which 62.3% (n = 579) were prescribed pregabalin.
      CONCLUSIONS: In patients with reduced pain intensity DN4 has not been directly
      compared with other tools to measure neuropathic pain; however, using the DN4 in
      this study 65.3% of adult outpatients with type 1 and 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia
      were found to have painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy; far higher than
      anticipated.

PMID- 19968593
TI  - Breastfeeding, growth and growth standards: Performance of the WHO growth
      standards for monitoring growth of Belgian children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 2006, the World Health Organization published universal growth
      standards for all children from birth to 5 years of age, based on a sample of
      breastfed children. AIMS: The present study documented breastfeeding prevalence
      in the Flemish Growth Survey 2004, and compared growth of exclusively breastfed
      children in Flanders with local reference charts and WHO growth standards.
      SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A subset of 3287 children 0-3 years of age from the Flemish
      reference population was studied. Prevalence and duration of breastfeeding were
      estimated with the status quo method. SD scores (SDS) of length/height, weight,
      BMI, and head circumference were plotted by age. RESULTS: Breastfeeding is
      initiated for 68.2%of children, and approximately 25%were exclusively breastfed
      until at least 6 months of age. Breastfed children grow according to a typical
      pattern that deviates from the local reference curve. The average length of
      breastfed children is reasonably close to the WHO growth standard, but this does
      not hold for weight, BMI, or head circumference. In Flanders, breastfed children
      are more comparable to the local reference than to the WHO growth standards.
      CONCLUSIONS: Growth of breastfed children is similar to the WHO standards for
      length, but not for other traits. In Flanders, the use of the recent local growth
      reference is advised for both breastfed and formula-fed children.

PMID- 19968594
TI  - Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among urban school children
      in Elazig city, Eastern Turkey, 2007.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically all over the
      world. Very little data are currently available on the prevalence of childhood
      obesity in Turkey, and more research on the risk factors is required before
      preventive public health programmes can be put into practice. AIM: The aim of
      this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related
      factors in primary school students in Elazig, a city in eastern Turkey. SUBJECTS
      AND METHODS: In March-June 2007 a cross-sectional study of children aged 6-11
      years old was performed. A total of 1782 girls and 1860 boys were observed.
      Weight and height were measured. Overweight and obesity using age- and sex
      specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off points as defined by the International
      Obesity Taskforce were used. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity were
      13.2% and 1.6%, respectively. According to gender, the prevalence of obesity in
      boys was 2.0% and overweight was 13.9%, while in girls, obesity was 1.2% and
      overweight was 12.5%. We found that overweight and obesity may be related to
      factors such as eating while watching television, and eating fast food.
      CONCLUSION: It was noted as a health problem that there are overweight students
      aged between 6 and 11 years attending primary schools in Elazig province.

PMID- 19968595
TI  - Association of age at menarche with adult leg length and trunk height:
      Speculations in relation to breast cancer risk.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It seems paradoxical that both increased height and earlier age at
      menarche (which predicts for shorter stature) are both associated with increased
      breast cancer risk. METHODS: Retrospective data from a parental cohort coupled
      with prospective interviews with and anthropometric measurements from their
      daughters were used. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted
      using mixed regression models to account for same-family participants. RESULTS:
      Controlling for birth weight, maternal height, and birth cohort, and analyzed as
      a group, a 1-year increase in the age at menarche predicted an increase in
      standing height, leg length, and trunk height of 0.76, 0.41, and 0.35 cm,
      respectively. However, when stratifying by birth year (prior to 1966 vs 1966 or
      after), these relationships were true only for those born prior to 1966.
      CONCLUSION: Given the height-breast cancer risk association, the emerging
      evidence linking breast cell proliferation to hormones associated with growth,
      and the finding in this study that the relationship between age at menarche and
      adult height no longer exists for women born in 1966 or later, it is possible
      that the long-established relationship between age at menarche and breast cancer
      risk may also no longer exist.

PMID- 19968596
TI  - Association of leg length with overweight and obesity in children aged 5-15
      years: A cross-sectional study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Short leg length (LL) and childhood obesity have been independently
      associated with a higher risk for adult disease. However, the contribution of
      relative LL to overweight and obesity in children remains an under-researched
      area. AIM: To utilize data from a large cross-sectional anthropometric survey to
      assess the association of LL to height ratio (LLHR, leg length/height) with
      measures of overweight and obesity in British children. METHODS: Children were
      analysed from the bottom and top body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score
      (SDS) quartiles (3825 children, boys=1686) or waist circumference (WC) SDS
      quartiles (3824 children, boys=1687). The top quartile was defined as the 'high'
      BMI or WC SDS group and the lower bottom quartile as the 'low' BMI or WC SDS
      group. Height and LL were expressed as SDSs using current references and LLHR was
      calculated. RESULTS: Children in the 'high' groups were taller with longer legs
      but had a lower LLHR across most ages. The magnitude of the difference was
      greater for BMI than WC in both genders. CONCLUSION: Altered body dimensions
      appear to be linked to measures of overweight and obesity in children but
      longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this suggestion.

PMID- 19968597
TI  - Attitudes and practices of dermatologists and primary care physicians who treat
      patients for MPHL: results of a survey.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The study's objectives were (a) to characterize physicians' attitudes
      and practices in relation to treating male pattern hair loss (MPHL), (b) to
      examine differences vis-a-vis physician distinctions, and (c) to consider the
      findings in relation to published research on MPHL patients' treatment-seeking
      experiences. METHODS: The online survey across six countries (United States,
      France, Germany, Spain, Japan, and Korea) involved 466 physicians (263
      dermatologists and 203 primary care physicians [PCPs]) who at least occasionally
      treat patients for MPHL. RESULTS: Over 50% of physicians were cognizant of
      patients' concerns and the impact of hair loss on patients' quality of life.
      Moreover, 65% were comfortable talking about MPHL with patients, and 62% were
      comfortable recommending treatment. On the other hand, about one-third of
      surveyed physicians were not especially comfortable assessing and treating MPHL.
      Relative to PCPs, dermatologists reported a significantly greater likelihood of
      spending time answering questions about MPHL and treatments (89 vs. 74%, p <
      0.001), providing informational materials or brochures about MPHL (58 vs. 28%, p
      < 0.001), and letting the patient know that he/she frequently treats MPHL (40 vs.
      28%, p < 0.006). Similar significant differences were evident in comparisons of
      frequent and non-frequent treaters. The primary goal physicians set for patients
      was prevention of additional hair loss (79%); secondary goals included preventing
      additional hair thinning/loss with potential for re-growth (65%) and informing
      patients they would see visible results within a year (63%). Study limitations
      include a lack of verification that physicians' responses reflect their actual
      clinical practice and the possibility that physicians enrolled in a research
      database do not represent the general physician population. CONCLUSIONS: In
      contrast to physicians less experienced with MPHL treatment, dermatologists and
      other physicians frequently treating MPHL have attitudes and practices that may
      foster a favorable context for MPHL patient care.

PMID- 19968598
TI  - Effect of dynamic compressive loading and its combination with a growth factor on
      the chondrocytic phenotype of 3-dimensional scaffold-embedded chondrocytes.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Three-dimensionally (3D-) embedded chondrocytes have been
      suggested to maintain the chondrocytic phenotype. Furthermore, mechanical stress
      and growth factors have been found to be capable of enhancing cell proliferation
      and ECM synthesis. We investigated the effect of mechanical loading and growth
      factors on reactivation of the 3D-embedded chondrocytes. METHODS: Freshly
      isolated chondrocytes from rat articular cartilage were grown in monolayer
      cultures and then in collagen gel. Real-time RT-PCR and histological analysis for
      aggrecan and type II and type I collagen was performed to evaluate their
      chondrocytic activity. Then, the 3D-embedded chondrocytes were cultured under
      either mechanical loading alone or in combination with growth factor. The dynamic
      compression (5% compression, 0.33 Hz) was loaded for 4 durations: 0, 10, 60, and
      120 min/day. The growth factor administered was either basic fibroblast growth
      factor (bFGF) or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). RESULTS: Mechanical
      loading statistically significantly reactivated the aggrecan and type II collagen
      expression with loading of 60 min/day as compared to the other durations. The
      presence of BMP-2 and bFGF clearly enhanced the aggrecan and type II collagen
      expression of 3D-embedded chondrocytes. Unlike previous reports using monolayer
      chondrocytes, however, BMP-2 or bFGF did not augment the chondrocytic phenotype
      when applied together with mechanical loading. INTERPRETATION: Dynamic
      compression effectively reactivated the dedifferentiated chondrocytes in 3D
      culture. However, the growth factors did not play any synergistic role when
      applied with dynamic compressive loading, suggesting that growth factors should
      be administered at different time points during regeneration of the
      transplantation-ready cartilage.

PMID- 19968599
TI  - Surgery for knee osteoarthritis in younger patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In Sweden, surgery for knee osteoarthritis (OA) in
      patients younger than 55 years of age has doubled during the last 10 years. We
      evaluated the use of 3 surgical alternatives: high tibial osteotomy (HTO),
      unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA), and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We also
      examined the outcome, expressed by rate of revision. METHODS: The numbers of all
      procedures during 1998-2007 were obtained from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty
      Register (SKAR) (UKA < 55 years: n = 1,050; UKA > or = 55 years: n = 7,743; TKA <
      55 years: n = 2,832; TKA > or = 55 years: n = 62,829) and the National Board of
      Health and Welfare (NHW) (HTO 25-55 years: n = 2,266). The revision rate
      (presented as life tables) was based on the SKAR material for arthroplasties. For
      HTOs, a single institutional series of 450 patients aged 30-64 years was used to
      calculate the revision rate and to compare it to that for UKAs (n = 4,799; age 30
      64 years). RESULTS: During the 10 years, the use of TKA in patients younger than
      55 years increased fivefold. While UKA increased threefold, its use diminished in
      the last 2 years. Although the use of HTO halved during the period, it is still
      used more often than UKA. The risk of revision increased in patients younger than
      55 years and was lower for TKA (9%) than for UKA (24%). The revision rate was
      similar for HTO (17%) and for UKA (17%) in patients aged 30-64 years.
      INTERPRETATION: TKA is the preferred method for young OA patients in Sweden
      today. The use of HTO and UKA has diminished, and as the few operations are
      spread over many hospitals, there is a risk of gradual loss of experience with
      respect to patient selection and surgical routine-with a negative effect on
      outcome. Thus, there is a risk that these treatment alternatives for younger
      patients will eventually be abandoned.

PMID- 19968601
TI  - Symptomatic venous thromboembolism following a hip fracture.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a substantial cause
      of morbidity and mortality following hip fracture. Previous work has not
      identified any risk factors associated with the type of hip fracture. We report
      the incidence of and risk factors for development of symptomatic VTE in patients
      following a hip fracture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, we
      collected information on 5,300 consecutive patients who were admitted to a single
      unit with a hip fracture-in terms of their pre-admission status, details of any
      operation performed, and details of complications in the form of symptomatic
      venous thromboembolism. All patients received thromboprophylaxis with heparin.
      RESULTS: The incidence of symptomatic VTE was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.8-2.6). 85% of
      these events occurred within 5 weeks of the fracture. The statistically
      significant risk factors for symptomatic VTE were better preoperative mobility,
      living in one's own home, high mental test score, high preoperative hemoglobin,
      inter-trochanteric fractures, and fixation with a dynamic hip screw. In
      multivariate analysis adjusting for sex and age, type of residence on admission,
      type of fracture, and hemoglobin values on admission remained independently
      significant. INTERPRETATION: We found that the rate of symptomatic VTE using
      thromboprophylaxis with heparin was low but that there were a number of groups
      that were at a significantly higher risk of developing VTE. The patients who are
      particularly at risk appear to be those with a subtrochanteric or
      intertrochanteric hip fracture; here, the incidence of symptomatic VTE was twice
      that of intracapsular hip fractures.

PMID- 19968602
TI  - Failed internal fixation due to osteonecrosis following traumatic periprosthetic
      fracture after hip resurfacing arthroplasty.

PMID- 19968600
TI  - Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors-diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities
      in orthopedics.
AB  - Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and related enzymes (ADAMs, ADAMTS) and their
      inhibitors control matrix turnover and function. Recent advances in our
      understanding of musculoskeletal conditions such as tendinopathy, arthritis,
      Dupuytren's disease, degenerative disc disease, and bone and soft tissue healing
      suggest that MMPs have prominant roles. Importantly, MMPs are amenable to
      inhibition by cheap, safe, and widely available drugs such as the tetracycline
      antibiotics and the bisphosphonates. This indicates that these MMP inhibitors, if
      proven effective for any novel indication, may be quickly brought into clinical
      practice.

PMID- 19968603
TI  - Increased risk of revision of acetabular cups coated with hydroxyapatite.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main inorganic component of bone, and HA
      coating is widely used on acetabular cups in hip arthroplasty. It has been
      suggested that this surface finish improves cup survival. METHODS: All patients
      registered in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register between 1992 and 2007 with an
      uncemented acetabular implant that was available either with or without HA
      coating were identified. 8,043 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with the most
      common cup types (Harris-Galante, Romanus, and Trilogy) were investigated. A Cox
      regression model including type of coating, age, sex, primary diagnosis, cup
      type, and type of stem fixation was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs)
      for the risk of revision. RESULTS: HA coating was a risk factor for cup revision
      due to aseptic loosening (adjusted RR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2). Age at primary
      arthroplasty of < 50 years, a diagnosis of pediatric hip disease, the use of a
      cemented stem, and the Romanus and Harris-Galante cup types were also associated
      with statistically significantly increased risk of cup revision due to aseptic
      loosening. INTERPRETATION: Our findings question the routine use of HA-coated
      cups in primary total hip arthroplasty. With some designs, this practice may even
      increase the risk of loosening-resulting in revision surgery.

PMID- 19968604
TI  - Early outcomes of patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty is a contentious
      issue. The literature suggests that resurfacing of the patella is based on
      surgeon preference, and little is known about the role and timing of resurfacing
      and how this affects outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed 134,799 total knee
      arthroplasties using data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National
      Joint Replacement Registry. Hazards ratios (HRs) were used to compare rates of
      early revision between patella resurfacing at the primary procedure (the
      resurfacing group, R) and primary arthroplasty without resurfacing (no
      resurfacing group, NR). We also analyzed the outcomes of NR that were revised for
      isolated patella addition. RESULTS: At 5 years, the R group showed a lower
      revision rate than the NR group: cumulative per cent revision (CPR) 3.1% and
      4.0%, respectively (HR = 0.75, p < 0.001). Revisions for patellofemoral pain were
      more common in the NR group (17%) than in the R group (1%), and "patella only"
      revisions were more common in the NR group (29%) than in the R group (6%). Non
      resurfaced knees revised for isolated patella addition had a higher revision rate
      than patella resurfacing at the primary procedure, with a 4-year CPR of 15% and
      2.8%, respectively (HR = 4.1, p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION: Rates of early revision
      of primary total knees were higher when the patella was not resurfaced, and
      suggest that surgeons may be inclined to resurface later if there is
      patellofemoral pain. However, 15% of non-resurfaced knees revised for patella
      addition are re-revised by 4 years. Our results suggest an early beneficial
      outcome for patella resurfacing at primary arthroplasty based on revision rates
      up to 5 years.

PMID- 19968605
TI  - ChIP-chip analysis of neurexins and other candidate genes for addiction and
      neuropsychiatric disorders.
AB  - Several addiction susceptibility genes have been mapped by linkage and genomewide
      association. However, functional alleles associated with disease risk have not
      been identified, with a few possible exceptions. In addition, little is known
      about the cis- and trans-acting factors involved in regulating their expression.
      To address these issues, we used a ChIP-chip approach to identify regulatory
      elements in fetal-brain- targeting genes implicated in addiction and other
      neuropsychiatric conditions. Our data point to a number of putative regulatory
      elements, several of which, we show, are functionally significant. Many
      established or putative regulatory elements map near-disease-associated SNPs.
      These regions would be of interest to survey for patient-specific functional
      variants involved in disease susceptibility.

PMID- 19968606
TI  - The spatial distribution of otosclerosis: a quantitative study using design-based
      stereology.
AB  - CONCLUSION: This study documents that otosclerotic bone remodeling is distributed
      centripetally around the inner ear space whereas normal bone remodeling is
      distributed centrifugally. We suggest that this inverse relation reflects the
      unique osteo-dynamic setting of the otic capsule: since perilabyrinthine bone
      remodeling is extremely low, osteocyte deficiency and microcracks accumulate in
      excess toward the inner ear space with age. This may disrupt the osseus
      functional network, impede propagation of anti-resorptive signals, and
      precipitate otosclerotic bone remodeling with a spatial preference for older
      bone. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the spatial distribution of otosclerotic bone around
      the inner ear space in order to explore a possible spatial relation with normal
      capsular bone remodeling. METHODS: Otosclerotic lesions in 53 undecalcified human
      temporal bones were identified and volume data were measured with the CAST-grid
      system and processed by dedicated software for advanced design-based stereology.
      RESULTS: The maximum volume fraction of otosclerotic bone was observed in the
      innermost perilabyrinthine zones of the otic capsule. The volume fraction of
      otosclerotic bone declined gradually but significantly from the inner ear space
      towards the capsular periphery with a general perilabyrinthine centripetal
      distribution.

PMID- 19968607
TI  - LUPP relieves partial upper airway obstruction during sleep in patients with
      velopharyngeal narrowing.
AB  - CONCLUSION: Patients with upper airway narrowing at the soft palate level and
      partial upper airway obstruction during sleep seem to benefit from laser-assisted
      uvulopalatoplasty (LUPP) in terms of decreased velopharyngeal collapsibility and
      improved nocturnal breathing. OBJECTIVES: The current operative treatments for
      obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are not very effective compared with
      continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). It has been suggested that active
      treatment should be performed earlier, when sleep apnea is present in a milder
      form. The main problem is identifying progressive sleep apnea. The present study
      assessed the efficacy of LUPP in patients with partial upper airway obstruction
      during sleep diagnosed by means of a static charge-sensitive bed (SCSB) combined
      with oxyhemoglobin desaturation recording and digital fluoroscopy-based
      collapsibility estimation. METHODS: LUPP was carried out in 27 patients under
      local anesthesia as day surgery. Digital fluoroscopy and SCSB were recorded
      preoperatively and 6 months after LUPP. RESULTS: Partial upper airway obstruction
      events and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturations during sleep decreased
      significantly. Digital fluoroscopy revealed that the minimal anteroposterior
      dimension increased and collapsibility decreased at the level where
      velopharyngeal obstruction occurred, the soft palate.

PMID- 19968608
TI  - The infrahyoid myocutaneous flap in intra-oral reconstruction as an alternative
      to free flaps.
AB  - CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, monolateral or bilateral infrahyoid myocutaneous
      flap is less time-consuming and reduces the complication rate and the operation
      time in both small and large defects if compared with other authors' experience
      using a microvascular anastomosed flap. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to
      describe our results in reconstructive surgery after cancer ablation using the
      less popular infrahyoid myocutaneous flap as an alternative method to free flaps.
      The surgical technique and the postoperative outcomes are described. METHODS:
      This was a retrospective study: 32 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
      tongue were surgically treated using a pure infrahyoid myocutaneous neurovascular
      flap. RESULTS: The flap was successful in all cases without flap necrosis,
      fistula or complications in the donor site. After radiation therapy, flap tissues
      remained sufficiently soft, trophic and mobile. Ultrasound evaluation of tongue
      mobility, performed at the time of discharge, as well as 3 and 6 months after
      surgery, showed normal bolus propulsion. Cinefluoroscopy also showed good
      function of the reconstructed tongue.

PMID- 19968609
TI  - Is it necessary to dissect levels I and IIB in hypopharyngeal cancer?
AB  - CONCLUSION: The low incidence of metastases in levels I and IIB in patients with
      hypopharyngeal cancer in cases of clinical N0 and N+ neck and the fact that all
      patients with metastases in levels I and IIB received postoperative radiotherapy
      justifies the preservation of levels I and IIB in patients with hypopharyngeal
      cancer to improve functional results and reduce the operating time. OBJECTIVES:
      Neck dissection of levels I and IIB is technically demanding due to the complex
      local anatomy and can cause several comorbidities. Therefore the aim of the study
      was to analyze whether levels I and IIB have to be dissected in patients with
      hypopharyngeal cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of all patients
      who underwent primary surgical treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer and neck
      dissection, with evaluation of the incidence of metastases in levels I and IIB in
      cases of cN0 and cN+ neck. RESULTS: None of the patients with cN0 neck but 2/33
      patients with cN+ neck had metastases in level I. Metastases in level IIB were
      detected in 1/14 patients with cN0 neck and 2/36 patients with cN+ neck. All
      patients with metastases in levels I and IIB received postoperative radiotherapy
      due to the N2b and N2c status.

PMID- 19968611
TI  - Randomized, double-blind, pilot study of geranylgeranylacetone versus placebo in
      patients taking low-dose enteric-coated aspirin. Low-dose aspirin-induced small
      bowel damage.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Low-dose enteric-coated aspirin is increasingly being used for
      prevention of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate
      whether geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) could prevent aspirin-induced small bowel
      injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind,
      pilot study of GGA versus placebo in subjects taking low-dose enteric-coated
      aspirin. Young healthy volunteers were enrolled and each received 100 mg of
      enteric-coated aspirin per day plus either GGA (150 mg/day) or matching placebo
      for 7 days. Video capsule endoscopy of the small bowel and the Gastrointestinal
      Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire were performed before and after the
      administration of aspirin. RESULTS: Twenty volunteers were evaluated. There was
      no significant difference in the number of lesions in any category between those
      receiving or not receiving GGA. Large erosions or ulcers were observed in 12
      (60%; 95% confidence interval 36%- 80%) aspirin users. Mucosal breaks were most
      frequently found in the latter half of the proximal small bowel. CONCLUSIONS:
      Short-term administration of low-dose enteric-coated aspirin was associated with
      visible small bowel damage in the majority of users. We could not prove that
      aspirin-induced small bowel mucosal injury was prevented by GGA.

PMID- 19968612
TI  - Indications for and clinical impact of repeat endoscopic ultrasound.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The value of repeating endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is seldom
      described. This study evaluates a patient population in which EUS was repeated.
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients who between
      January 2002 and December 2006 had an EUS scan performed; this EUS scan (re-EUS)
      was the second or more EUS scan performed. RESULTS: Over the study period, the
      department performed 3024 EUS procedures, of which 561 investigations were
      defined as re-EUS. According to defined exclusion criteria, 244 procedures were
      not analyzed further. The study group thus consisted of 317 procedures (242
      patients). In 163 cases (126 patients), re-EUS was planned by the endosonographer
      for control of an undetermined lesion. The first re-EUS scan performed changed
      the further management in 91 of 126 patients (72%). Sensitivity and specificity
      of re-EUS regarding pancreatic cancer were 0.65 and 1.00, respectively. Re-EUS
      was performed in 82 cases (77 patients) where no re-investigation had been
      planned at the initial EUS scan but worsening of symptoms or new findings of
      other imaging procedures had led to an additional EUS scan. Thirteen of these
      patients (17%) proved to have pancreatic cancer. In 62 cases (57 patients) re-EUS
      and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) had been planed in order to confirm
      the suspicion of malignant disease. Following re-EUS and EUS-FNA, 40 of these
      patients could be referred for either oncology or surgery. In the remaining 10
      cases, re-EUS was performed for miscellaneous indications. CONCLUSION: Re-EUS has
      a substantial clinical impact on the further management of the patient.

PMID- 19968613
TI  - Development and validation of a laryngopharyngeal reflux questionnaire, the
      Pharyngeal Reflux Symptom Questionnaire.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate the Pharyngeal Reflux Symptom Questionnaire
      (PRSQ), a comprehensive, disease-specific, self-administered questionnaire for
      laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PRSQ was
      developed based on empirical evidence from a literature review and expert input
      from physicians and patients and tested in a pilot study. In this validation
      study, a total of 228 patients were included and classified according to the
      Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) cut-off score. Patients with an RSI score > 13 were
      defined as abnormal, i.e. having LPR disease (n = 102), and those with a score
      between 0 and 13 were defined as normal controls (n = 126). Psychometric
      properties of the PRSQ were evaluated by exploring the factor structure and by
      evaluating internal consistency and item convergent and discriminant validity.
      Convergent and discriminant validity were determined by using the
      Laryngopharyngeal Reflux-Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire (LPR-HRQL),
      the RSI and the Short Form-36. RESULTS: The PRSQ was well accepted by the
      patients. Compliance was satisfactory and missing item rates were low. After item
      reduction, due to items not being conceptually relevant or scaling errors and/or
      low factor loadings, a construct was achieved with no scaling errors and high
      internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.79-0.93). The correlations between the
      PRSQ and similar dimensions in the RSI and LPR-HRQL were generally strong.
      Discriminant validity was satisfactory as the questionnaire discriminated between
      patients with and without LPR disease. CONCLUSION: The PRSQ showed good
      psychometric properties and may become a valuable instrument for assessing LPR
      disease.

PMID- 19968614
TI  - Antireflux stent versus conventional stent in the palliation of distal esophageal
      cancer. A randomized, multicenter clinical trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Patients with incurable distal esophageal or cardia cancer often need
      palliative stenting to relieve their dysphagia but stents passing through the
      cardia can cause reflux and aspiration, leading to a reduced health-related
      quality of life (HRQL). This study addressed the hypothesis that antireflux
      stenting improves HRQL compared to conventional stenting. MATERIAL AND METHODS:
      In a single-blind, multicenter, randomized trial in patients with inoperable
      esophageal or cardia cancer requiring palliative stenting passing through the
      cardia, 65 patients were stented. Patients received either an antireflux stent
      (Esophageal Z-Stent with Dua antireflux valve; n = 28) or a conventional stent
      (Esophageal Z-stent, Ultraflex or Wallstent; n = 37). Validated questionnaires
      (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ
      OES18) were used to collect information on HRQL at baseline and 1 and 3 months
      after stenting. Main outcome measurements were differences in HRQL scores between
      baseline and 1 and 3 months after stenting. RESULTS: Scores for most aspects of
      HRQL were similar in the two groups, and no statistically significant differences
      were found. Some general symptoms however showed clinically relevant improvement
      in the antireflux stent group, while esophageal-specific symptoms such as
      dysphagia seemed clinically better, and symptoms of reflux were clinically
      reduced in the conventional stent group but not in the antireflux stent group.
      CONCLUSION: This study, although limited in size, provided no obvious support for
      using the antireflux stent in preference to the conventional stent in the
      palliation of distal esophageal or cardia cancer from an HRQL perspective.

PMID- 19968615
TI  - Rapid virological response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an increase
      of hepatitis C virus-specific interferon-gamma production predisposes to
      sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1
      undergoing treatment with pegylated-interferon alpha 2a plus ribavirin.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Viral load evaluation in plasma, after 1 month of treatment,
      represents one of the most important parameters to predict treatment response
      during interferon (IFN) treatment in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). It has been
      proven that hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA may be present in peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMCs) but few studies have investigated the viral load in
      PBMCs during treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate HCV RNA in PBMCs
      during therapy with pegylated-IFN-alpha2a plus ribavirin and whether its
      clearance in PBMCs may induce a treatment response. Furthermore, we also analyzed
      the IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 responses of PBMCs during therapy. MATERIAL
      AND METHODS: We studied 35 patients with CHC genotype 1 undergoing antiviral
      treatment with pegylated IFN-alpha2a 180 microg weekly plus ribavirin 1000
      mg/daily. In these patients we evaluated HCV-RNA in plasma and PBMCs, IFN-gamma
      and IL-4 before treatment, after 1, 3 and 12 months of treatment and 6 months
      after the end of treatment. RESULTS: We found that rapid virological clearance of
      HCV-RNA in PBMCs with a restored and improved HCV-specific IFN-gamma response was
      statistically significantly higher in those with a sustained virological response
      (SVR). CONCLUSION: Patients having a rapid virological response in PBMCs with an
      improved Th1 network achieve a complete SVR, whereas those having viral clearance
      only in plasma without a restored Th1 network have a relapse.

PMID- 19968621
TI  - Analysis of sixty-two explanted Liotta bioprostheses: biocompatibility,
      biofunctionality, and biodurability issues.
AB  - Sixty-two explanted Liotta porcine bioprostheses were examined to review the
      issues related to their biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and biodurability.
      These bioprostheses were harvested from 56 patients with implantation times
      ranging from only a few hours to more than nine years of implantation. There were
      10 acute and short-term (< 1 year), 20 midterm (1 < t < 5 years), and 32 long
      term (> 5 years) cases. The indications for the reoperations were: hemodynamic
      (59), thrombosis (10), and endocarditis (3). The major indications varied
      according to the duration of implantation: blood infiltration, fibrin buildup,
      thrombosis in the short-term; endocarditis and hemodynamic insufficiency in the
      midterm; and mineralization and tears causing hemodynamic incompetence in the
      long term. Mineralization proved to be the main threat to long-term durability
      for porcine valves. Besides a few short-term failures, these explanted devices
      slowly degenerated over time and were replaced to prevent congestive heart
      failure. Documentation of the failure modes of these porcine valves is important
      since the demand for bioprostheses will increase in the future, in particular for
      percutaneous devices. Such bioprostheses emphasize a critical biocompatibility
      issue following implantation because they have the capacity to remain free of
      thrombus in the absence of anticoagulation. The biofunctionality appears to be
      adequate in the absence of subsequent pathology with restoration of normal valve
      function. However, the documentation of such significant long-term biodurability
      issues raises questions that have been addressed but not fully answered yet with
      the new generations of bioprostheses.

PMID- 19968622
TI  - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of the disposition of
      octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) migration from implants in humans.
AB  - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the
      silicone constituent octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and its migration from
      intact or ruptured silicone gel-filled breast implants into surrounding tissues.
      D4 is a representative low-molecular weight constituent of silicone gel that is
      soluble enough in biological fluids to migrate from the implant and into
      surrounding tissues. The simulations were based on a representative young adult
      (premenopausal) woman and a mature (postmenopausal) woman using worst-case
      exposure conditions (i.e., complete rupture of the largest implant available,
      maximum levels of D4 in silicone, equal solubility of D4 in breast tissue and
      gel, and a range of breast tissue fat contents). The results indicate that D4 is
      cleared primarily by exhalation with highest concentrations achieved briefly in
      breast tissues of a representative postmenopausal woman. Maximum D4 levels in
      breast tissues for this scenario were estimated to be approximately 750 ppb with
      over 90% cleared in about 20 days. Thus, it is unlikely that D4 would be detected
      in any tissue within a few weeks of receiving an implant, even if immediately
      ruptured, under the assumptions used in this model.

PMID- 19968623
TI  - The validity of patient satisfaction as single question in outcome measurement of
      total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Patient satisfaction is an important goal in orthopaedic surgery; however, it may
      not always reflect the surgical result that is obtained. By means of a systematic
      review according to the QUOROM criteria, we investigated how often satisfaction
      measured by a single question was used in trials reporting on the clinical
      outcome of total hip arthroplasty. This review showed that in 2006, 24.4% of
      these trials reported on satisfaction obtained by a single question. To assess
      the validity of satisfaction as a single question, a randomly selected group of
      106 patients were questioned at an average of 15.5 years after a total hip
      arthroplasty (THA; range 4.2 -29.8 years). Questioning consisted of a Likert 5
      scale satisfaction question and the Harris Hip Score. Satisfaction as a single
      question showed to have a poor construct and content validity. Despite the fact
      that satisfaction may be an important outcome measure, it cannot be judged as a
      reflection of a good result of the surgical intervention alone when evaluated
      using a single question.

PMID- 19968624
TI  - Clinical, surface damage and oxidative performance of poly II tibial inserts
      after long-term implantation.
AB  - Carbon fiber-reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (Poly II) was
      clinically introduced in the 1970s, but catastrophic short-term outcomes were
      reported in case studies. Clinical use of Poly II persisted into the 1980s until
      it was eventually abandoned. To date, no studies have documented its long-term
      clinical and material performance. Forty Poly II tibial inserts of the Total
      Condylar, Insall-Burstein I, and Miller-Galante I designs were retrieved at
      revision surgery. Twenty-six historical unreinforced polyethylene knee retrievals
      of similar designs (Miller-Galante I and II, and Insall-Burstein II) served as
      the control group. The average in vivo durations of both retrieval groups were
      similar (11.1 and 11.6 years, respectively), although Poly II had a wider
      implantation range (3.7-32.8 years) than historical polyethylene (4.4-17.0
      years). Surface damage on all the retrievals, as well as oxidation and mechanical
      strength when possible, were characterized. Poly II tibial inserts had long-term
      clinical survivability and material performance comparable to unreinforced
      polyethylene bearings. Poly II retrievals exhibited less surface damage at all
      the regions than historical components, and they were less sensitive to pitting
      and delamination, but more susceptible to abrasion and embedded debris. Both Poly
      II and historical retrievals were found to oxidize in vivo and exhibited similar
      mechanical strength. This study provides improved understanding of well
      consolidated Poly II long-term retrievals and also motivation to revisit carbon
      fiber-reinforced polymeric bearings for joint replacement in the twenty-first
      century.

PMID- 19968625
TI  - Ethics of medical device safety.
AB  - How safe is safe? The design intent of a medical device is to off er maximum
      flexibility, and low-cost and fail-safe features. Easily said, these requirements
      are difficult to deliver in a litigious society where performance standards are
      uncommon. Medical device manufacturers face challenges as they strive to offer
      the ultimate in product safety and keep the price affordable for the technology
      deployed, while making the usability of typically complex products common sense
      for the operator. As microprocessors are able to assist designers in providing
      intelligent, multifunctional systems, care must be taken during the design
      process to balance technological ability with intuitive use. The medical device
      development process requires rigor that is not often taught to biomedical
      engineers. Ethical product development requires a process that will be described
      in this paper using as an example the development of a recent cardiopulmonary
      perfusion system. However, the same techniques are germane to implantable devices
      such as cochlear implants. All engineering product development requires trade-off
      decisions considering how much is too much and how much is too little. Biomedical
      engineering faculty need to present this ethical dilemma to their students and
      give them the tools to help decide. However, in the final analysis, the operator
      of any medical product or installer of any medical device holds the primary
      responsibility for understanding how to use the system or install the implant in
      normal use as well as emergent or special situations; the technology is his or
      her backup in performing the medical professionals primary job.

PMID- 19968626
TI  - Ethical safeguards for industry-funded research in an academic setting.
AB  - The shrinking economy has driven many investigators to seek industrial funding
      for both clinical and bench research. This has resulted in four concerns for the
      clinician scientist: (1) research that results in effective clinical application;
      (2) research design that meets evidence medicine requirements and has clinical
      significance; (3) adherence to clinical competencies; and (4) research records
      that are open and reflect both the scientific and economic path to the results of
      the investigation. This paper reports on how one institution protects the
      interests of all four stakeholders in any research study in academic centers: the
      investigator, the institution, patients, and industry. The process makes it
      possible for the investigator to concentrate on research methodology and to
      remain secure about the ethical conduct of their research. At our institution,
      all industrial-funded research is arranged on an institution-to-sponsor basis.
      Contract language is generated by the institution, not the investigator. This
      protects the investigator and includes freedom to publish regardless of the
      results. Issues of intellectual property, patient protection, and the
      institutions needs, such as intellectual property and compliance with the
      federal/state guidelines, and indemnification are incorporated into the pre- and
      post-award applications. Concurrently, Institutional Review Board (IRB) proposals
      are prepared and submitted. This process leaves a paper trail that provides a
      transparency acceptable to all stakeholders.

PMID- 19968627
TI  - Oct-4 controls cell-cycle progression of embryonic stem cells.
AB  - Mouse and human ES (embryonic stem) cells display unusual proliferative
      properties and can produce pluripotent stem cells indefinitely. Both processes
      might be important for maintaining the 'stemness' of ES cells; however, little is
      known about how the cell-cycle fate is regulated in ES cells. Oct-4, a master
      switch of pluripotency, plays an important role in maintaining the pluripotent
      state of ES cells and may prevent the expression of genes activated during
      differentiation. Using ZHBTc4 ES cells, we have investigated the effect of Oct-4
      on ES cell-cycle control, and we found that Oct-4 down-regulation in ES cells
      inhibits proliferation by blocking cell-cycle progression in G0/G1. Deletion
      analysis of the functional domains of Oct-4 indicates that the overall integrity
      of the Oct-4 functional domains is important for the stimulation of S-phase
      entry. We also show in the present study that the p21 gene is a target for Oct-4
      repression. Furthermore, p21 protein levels were repressed by Oct-4 and were
      induced by the down-regulation of Oct-4 in ZHBTc4 ES cells. Therefore the down
      regulation of p21 by Oct-4 may contribute to the maintenance of ES cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 19968628
TI  - Low complex I content explains the low hydrogen peroxide production rate of heart
      mitochondria from the long-lived pigeon, Columba livia.
AB  - Across a range of vertebrate species, it is known that there is a negative
      association between maximum lifespan and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide
      production. In this report, we investigate the underlying biochemical basis of
      the low hydrogen peroxide production rate of heart mitochondria from a long-lived
      species (pigeon) compared with a short-lived species with similar body mass
      (rat). The difference in hydrogen peroxide efflux rate was not explained by
      differences in either superoxide dismutase activity or hydrogen peroxide removal
      capacity. During succinate oxidation, the difference in hydrogen peroxide
      production rate between the species was localized to the DeltapH-sensitive
      superoxide producing site within complex I. Mitochondrial DeltapH was
      significantly lower in pigeon mitochondria compared with rat, but this difference
      in DeltapH was not great enough to explain the lower hydrogen peroxide production
      rate. As judged by mitochondrial flavin mononucleotide content and blue native
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pigeon mitochondria contained less complex I
      than rat mitochondria. Recalculation revealed that the rates of hydrogen peroxide
      production per molecule of complex I were the same in rat and pigeon. We conclude
      that mitochondria from the long-lived pigeon display low rates of hydrogen
      peroxide production because they have low levels of complex I.

PMID- 19968629
TI  - Perturbation of mitochondrial complex V alters the response to dietary
      restriction in Drosophila.
AB  - Studies in a broad spectrum of model organisms have reported that dietary
      restriction (DR) is associated with an increase in mitochondrial electron
      transport chain (ETC) function. However, the question of whether ETC function is
      required for DR-mediated longevity remains controversial. Here, we report that
      genetic and pharmacological interventions that target mitochondrial complex V
      affect Drosophila lifespan in a nutrient-dependent manner. These findings support
      a requirement for mitochondrial complex V in DR-mediated longevity in flies.

PMID- 19968630
TI  - IL-5 expression and release from human CD34 cells in vitro; ex vivo evidence from
      cases of asthma and Churg-Strauss syndrome.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Eosinophils develop from hematopoietic CD34(+) progenitor cells in
      the bone marrow (BM) under the influence of Interleukin-5 (IL-5). The primary
      source of IL-5 is T-lymphocytes, although other sources may exist. The aims of
      this study were to determine whether CD34(+) cells from human peripheral blood
      (PB) and BM have the capacity to produce IL-5 when stimulated in vitro, and
      secondly, whether an elevated number of IL-5-producing CD34(+) cells can be found
      in situ in ongoing eosinophilic disease. METHODS: CD34(+) cells from PB and BM
      were stimulated in vitro, and IL-5 production and release was assessed by ELISA,
      ELISPOT, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Blood and BM from a patient with
      Churg-Strauss syndrome were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD34(+)/IL-5(+) cells,
      and immunohistochemical staining of CD34(+)/IL-5(+) cells in bronchial biopsies
      from an asthmatic patient was performed. RESULTS: Both PB and BM CD34(+) cells
      can produce and release IL-5 when stimulated in vitro. In the Churg-Strauss
      patient, IL-5-producing CD34(+) cells were found in PB and BM. Oral
      glucocorticoid treatment markedly decreased the number of IL-5-positive CD34
      cells in the BM. CD34(+)/IL-5(+) cells were present in a patient with asthma.
      CONCLUSION: CD34(+) cells in blood and BM are capable of producing IL-5 both in
      vitro and in vivo in humans, arguing that these cells may have the capacity to
      contribute to eosinophilic inflammation. Consequently, targeting CD34(+)
      progenitor cells that produce and release IL-5 may be effective in reducing the
      mobilization of eosinophil lineage-committed cells in eosinophilic-driven
      diseases.

PMID- 19968631
TI  - Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on IgE production in prenatal stage.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Prevalence of allergic diseases in children has increased worldwide
      over the past decades. Allergy sensitization may occur in fetal life. This study
      investigated whether gene-gene and gene-environment interactions affected cord
      blood IgE (CBIgE) levels. METHODS: A total of 575 cord blood DNA samples were
      subjected to a multiplex microarray for 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms
      (SNPs) in 159 allergy candidate genes. Genetic association was initially assessed
      by univariate and multivariate analyses. Multifactor dimensionality reduction
      (MDR) was used to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
      Environmental factors for analysis included maternal atopy, paternal atopy,
      parental smoking, gender, and prematurity. RESULTS: Twenty-one SNPs in 14 genes
      were associated with CBIgE elevation (>or =0.5 KU/l) in univariate analysis.
      Multivariate analysis identified eleven genes (IL13, IL17A, IL2RA, CCL17, CXCL1,
      PDGFRA, FGF1, HAVCR1, GNAQ, C11orf72, and ADAM33) which were significantly
      associated with CBIgE elevation. MDR analyses of gene-gene interactions
      identified IL13 interacted with IL17A and/or redox genes on CBIgE elevation with
      the prediction accuracy of 62.52%. Analyses of gene-environment interactions
      identified that maternal atopy combined with IL13, rs1800925 and CCL22, rs170359
      SNPs had the highest prediction accuracy of 67.15%. All the high and low risk
      classifications on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions by MDR analyses
      could be validated by Chi-square test. CONCLUSIONS: Gene-gene (e.g. immune and
      redox genes) and gene-environment (e.g. maternal atopy and FGF1or redox genes)
      interactions on IgE production begin in prenatal stage, suggesting that
      prevention of IgE-mediated diseases may be made possible by control of maternal
      atopy and redox responses in prenatal stage.

PMID- 19968632
TI  - Opposing roles of IL-17A and IL-25 in the regulation of TSLP production in human
      nasal epithelial cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The importance of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-25 in allergic rhinitis
      (AR), as well as their possible role in regulation on thymic stromal
      lymphopoietin (TSLP) production in nasal epithelial cells, is not well
      understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the possible regulation of IL-17A, IL-17F,
      and IL-25 on TSLP production in the initiation of allergic responses. METHODS:
      The levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-25, and TSLP in nasal lavages of patients with
      AR were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared
      with that in normal controls. Then, primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs)
      were stimulated with dsRNA (0-75 microg/ml), as well as IL-17A (100 ng/ml), IL
      17F (100 ng/ml), and IL-25(100 ng/ml). The mRNA expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL
      25, TSLP, as well as the chemokines CCL20, IL-8, and eotaxin was analyzed using
      quantitative real-time PCR, and their protein levels in the supernatants of
      cultured HNECs were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Both TSLP and IL-17 cytokines
      are significantly elevated in patients with AR. dsRNA was found to increase the
      production of IL-17F, IL-25, TSLP, CCL20, and IL-8 in HNECs. Furthermore, IL-25
      significantly enhanced dsRNA-induced TSLP production in primary HNECs and was
      dominant to the inhibitory effect of IL-17A on TSLP regulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our
      study provides the first evidence that both IL-17F and IL-25 can be induced by
      dsRNA in HNECs. Despite of the opposing effects of IL-17A and IL-25 on TSLP
      regulation in HNECs, IL-25 was dominant to IL-17A, providing a plausible
      explanation for the simultaneous upregulation of IL-17 cytokines and TSLP in
      patients with AR.

PMID- 19968633
TI  - Role of minor determinants of amoxicillin in the diagnosis of immediate allergic
      reactions to amoxicillin.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Skin testing of subjects with immediate hypersensitivity to
      amoxicillin is performed using major and minor determinants of benzylpenicillin
      plus amoxicillin. However, sensitivity is not optimal, and other determinants
      need to be considered. We assessed the sensitivity of stable, well-characterized
      minor determinants of amoxicillin in subjects with immediate allergic reactions
      to amoxicillin to improve skin test sensitivity. METHODS: Amoxicillin,
      amoxicilloic acid, and diketopiperazine were prepared and characterized by
      reverse-phase HPLC, tested in vivo by skin testing and in vitro by basophil
      activation test and RAST inhibition assay. RESULTS: Patients with immediate
      hypersensitivity to amoxicillin were selected: Group A (n = 32), skin test
      positive just to amoxicillin; Group B (n = 19), skin test positive to
      benzylpenicillin determinants; Group C (n = 10), skin test negative and
      amoxicillin drug provocation test positive. In Group A, 27 subjects (81.8%) were
      skin test positive to amoxicillin, ten (30.3%) to amoxicilloic acid, two (6.1%)
      to diketopiperacine, and six (18.2%) negative. In Group B, nine (50%) were
      positive to amoxicillin, eight (42.1%) to amoxicilloic acid, none to
      diketopiperacine, and nine (50%) negative. In Group C, skin tests were negative.
      BAT was positive to amoxicillin in 26 patients (50.9%), to amoxicilloic acid in
      15 (29.1%), and diketopiperazine in four (7.8%). RAST inhibition studies showed >
      50% inhibition in all sera, with the highest concentration of amoxicillin and
      amoxicilloic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of minor determinants of
      amoxicillin, amoxicilloic acid, and diketopiperazine seems to be of no greater
      value than the use of amoxicillin alone. Further efforts are needed to find new
      structures to improve sensitivity in the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity
      to betalactams.

PMID- 19968634
TI  - TLR-related pathway analysis: novel gene-gene interactions in the development of
      asthma and atopy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The toll-like receptor (TLR)-related pathway is important in host
      defence and may be crucial in the development of asthma and atopy. Numerous
      studies have shown associations of TLR-related pathway genes with asthma and
      atopy phenotypes. So far it has not been investigated whether gene-gene
      interactions in this pathway contribute to atopy and asthma development. METHODS:
      One hundred and sixty-nine haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms
      (SNPs) of 29 genes (i.e. membrane and intracellular receptors, TLR4 or
      lipopolysaccharide-binding/facilitating proteins, adaptors, interleukin-1
      receptor associated kinases, kinases, chaperone molecules, transcription factors
      and inhibitors) were analysed for single- and multilocus associations with atopy
      [total and specific immunglobulin E (IgE) at 1-2 and 6-8 years] and asthma (6-8
      years). A total of 3062 Dutch children from the birth cohorts PIAMA, PREVASC and
      KOALA (Allergenic study) were investigated. Chi-squared test, logistic regression
      and the data mining approach multifactor dimensionality reduction method (MDR)
      were used in analysis. RESULTS: Several genes in the TLR-related pathway were
      associated with atopy and/or asthma [e.g. IL1RL1, BPI, NOD1, NOD2 and MAP3K7IP1].
      Multiple, single associations were found with the phenotypes under study. MDR
      analysis showed novel, significant gene-gene interactions in association with
      atopy and asthma phenotypes (e.g. IL1RL1 and TLR4 with sIgE to indoor allergens
      and IRAK1, NOD1 and MAP3K7IP1 with asthma). Interestingly, gene-gene interactions
      were identified with SNPs that did not have an effect on their own. CONCLUSION:
      Our unbiased approach provided suggestive evidence for interaction between
      several TLR-related pathway genes important in atopy and/or asthma development
      and pointed to novel genes.

PMID- 19968635
TI  - Proteomic investigation of the effects of weight loss in the gastrocnemius muscle
      of wild and NZW rabbits via 2D-electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS.
AB  - The study of changes within the key agents regulating metabolism during genetic
      upgrading because of selection can contribute to an improved understanding of
      genomic and physiological relationships. This may lead to increased efficiencies
      in animal production. These changes, regarding energy and protein metabolic
      saving mechanisms, can be highlighted during food restriction periods. In this
      study, a 20% weight reduction was induced in two rabbit breeds: New Zealand
      white, a selected meat producer (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus), and Iberian
      wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus), with the aim of determining
      differential protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle within control (ad
      libitum) and restricted diet experimental animal groups, using techniques of two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Results show
      that L-lactate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, beta enolase and alpha enolase,
      fructose bisphosphate aldolase A and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      which are enzymes involved in energy metabolism, are differentially expressed in
      restricted diet experimental animal groups. These enzymes are available to be
      further tested as relevant biomarkers of weight loss and putative objects of
      manipulation as a selection tool towards increasing tolerance to weight loss.
      Similar reasoning could be applied to 2D gel electrophoresis spots corresponding
      to the important structural proteins tropomyosin beta chain and troponin I.
      Finally, a spot identified as mitochondrial import stimulation factor seems of
      special interest as a marker of undernutrition, and it may be the object of
      further studies aiming to better understand its physiological role.

PMID- 19968636
TI  - Identification and characterization of microRNAs from porcine skeletal muscle.
AB  - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene
      expression at the post-transcriptional level. There is increasing evidence to
      suggest that miRNAs participate in muscle development in mice and humans;
      however, few studies have focused on miRNAs in porcine muscle tissue. Here, we
      experimentally detected and identified conserved and unique miRNAs from porcine
      skeletal muscle. Fifty-seven distinct miRNAs were identified, of which 39 have
      not been reported earlier in the pig. Of these, two miRNAs appear to be novel and
      pig-specific. Surprisingly, these two differ only by a single nucleotide. A part
      of their primary transcript was cloned and confirmed by sequencing analysis.
      Alignment of the two sequences using ClustalW showed that the precursor sequences
      were almost identical, but the flanking sequences were different, indicating that
      these two novel miRNAs may represent rapidly evolving miRNAs in the pig genome.
      The expression patterns of eight miRNAs were characterized by real-time
      polymerase chain reaction of eight pig tissue samples. The ssc-let-7e and ssc-miR
      181b miRNAs were expressed in all tissues analysed. The ssc-let-7c, ssc-miR-125b,
      ssc-miR-new1 and ssc-miR-new2 miRNAs were expressed in several tissues, while ssc
      miR-122 and ssc-miR-206 were specifically expressed in the liver and muscle
      respectively. Our results add to existing data on porcine miRNAs and are useful
      for investigating the biological functions of miRNAs in porcine skeletal muscle
      development.

PMID- 19968637
TI  - SNPs in the porcine GOT1 gene improve a QTL for serum aspartate aminotransferase
      activity on SSC14.
AB  - Clinical-chemical traits are essential parameters to quantify the health status
      of individuals and herds, but the knowledge about their genetic architecture is
      sparse, especially in swine. We have recently described three QTL for serum
      aspartate aminotransferase activity (sAST), and one of these maps to a region on
      SSC14 where the aspartate aminotransferase coding gene GOT1 is located. This QTL
      was only apparent under the acute burden of a model disease. The aim of the
      present study was to characterize GOT1 as a candidate gene and to test the
      effects of different GOT1 SNPs as potential quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs)
      for sAST. Nine SNPs within GOT1 were identified, and SNP c.-793C>G significantly
      increased the QTL effects and narrowed the confidence interval from 90 to 15 cM.
      Additionally, we found a significant association of SNP c.-793C>G in a commercial
      outbred line, but with reversed phase. We conclude that GOT1 is a putative
      candidate gene for the sAST QTL on SSC14, and that SNP c.-793C>G is close to the
      responsible QTN.

PMID- 19968638
TI  - High mitochondrial differentiation levels between wild and domestic Bactrian
      camels: a basis for rapid detection of maternal hybridization.
AB  - Hybridization between wild species and their domestic congeners often threatens
      the gene pool of the wild species. The last wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus)
      populations in Mongolia and China are examples of populations facing such a
      hybridization threat. To address this key issue in the conservation of wild
      camels, we analysed wild, hybrid and domestic Bactrian camels (Camelus
      bactrianus) originating from Mongolia, China and Austria. Through screening of an
      804-base-pair mitochondrial fragment, we identified eight mitochondrial
      haplotypes and found high sequence divergence (1.9%) between C. ferus and C.
      bactrianus. On the basis of a mitochondrial DNA sequence fixed difference, we
      developed a diagnostic PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)
      assay to differentiate between wild and domestic camel samples. We applied the
      assay to 81 individuals and confirmed the origin of all samples including five
      hybrids with known maternal ancestry. The PCR-RFLP system was effective for both
      traditional (blood, skin) and non-invasive samples (faeces, hair), as well as for
      museum specimens. Our results demonstrate high levels of mitochondrial
      differentiation between wild and domestic Bactrian camels and that maternal
      hybridization can be detected by a rapid and reliable PCR-RFLP system.

PMID- 19968639
TI  - Sequence variants in the bovine gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptor gene and
      their associations with fertility.
AB  - Seven sequence variants (SVs) have been identified in exon 1 and in the promoter
      region upstream of the bovine gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor
      gene, at nucleotides g.-331A>G, g.-108T>C, g.+206G>A, g.+260C>T, g.+341C>T,
      g.+383C>T and g.+410C>T relative to the translation start site. The SVs at
      nucleotides g.-108, g.260, g.341 and g.410 and those at g.206 and g.383 formed
      two groups with complete linkage disequilibrium within groups, but incomplete
      linkage disequilibrium between groups, and none of the SVs altered receptor amino
      acid sequence. The g.-108T>C allelic variants were associated with an
      approximately 0.4 day reduction in predicted transmitting ability for days to
      first service. None of the allelic variants affected the pattern of circulating
      LH following administration of GnRH. The g.260C>T alteration introduced a new
      transcription factor binding site in a region of DNA with relatively low
      nucleosome formation potential. The data suggest that selection for animals
      carrying the g.-108T>C group of alterations will improve fertility in the dairy
      cow.

PMID- 19968640
TI  - Current knowledge of microRNA characterization in agricultural animals.
AB  - MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of single-stranded small (19-24nt) regulatory RNA
      that silences gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs regulate a wide
      range of biological processes through the recognition of complementary sequences
      between miRNAs and their target genes. Profiling studies in livestock have
      revealed that many miRNAs are species- and tissue-specific, indicating that
      miRNAs play important roles in essential biological processes in livestock, such
      as muscle and organ development, the immune response and metabolism. The allelic
      variation of miRNA target sites and possibly in miRNAs themselves are also likely
      to be contributing factors to many phenotypic differences in livestock. In this
      review, we summarize the current miRNA studies undertaken in livestock.

PMID- 19968641
TI  - Prion-like Doppel gene polymorphisms and scrapie susceptibility in Portuguese
      sheep breeds.
AB  - The establishment of an association between prion protein gene (PRNP)
      polymorphisms and scrapie susceptibility in sheep has enabled the development of
      breeding programmes to increase scrapie resistance in the European Union. Intense
      selection for PRNP genotype may lead to correlated selection for genes linked to
      PRNP. We intended to investigate if any association exists between genetic
      variation in prion-like protein Doppel gene (PRND) and scrapie susceptibility,
      determined through PRNP genotyping. Sampling included 460 sheep from eight
      Portuguese breeds and the PRND gene coding region was analysed by multiple
      restriction fragment-single strand conformation polymorphism (MRF-SSCP), whereas
      PRNP genotyping was carried out by primer extension. A synonymous substitution
      (c.78G>A) was detected in codon 26 of the PRND gene, in all breeds except Churra
      Mondegueira. Linkage disequilibrium was found between the PRND and PRNP loci (P =
      0.000). Specifically, PRND was monomorphic in the 45 animals with the more
      resistant ARR/ARR PRNP genotype (P = 0.003), whereas a higher frequency of PRND
      heterozygotes (GA) was associated with ARQ/AHQ (P = 0.029). These results
      constitute preliminary evidence of an association between a polymorphism in the
      PRND gene and scrapie susceptibility, and indicate that the possibility of
      undesirable consequences from widespread selection for PRNP genotype on genetic
      diversity and reproduction traits needs to be further investigated.

PMID- 19968642
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity at the bovine KIT gene in cattle breeds carrying different
      putative alleles at the spotting locus.
AB  - According to classical genetic studies, piebaldism in cattle is largely
      influenced by the allelic series at the spotting locus (S), which includes the
      S(H) (Hereford pattern), S(+) (non-spotted) and s (spotted) alleles. The S locus
      was mapped on bovine chromosome 6 in the region containing the KIT gene. We
      investigated the KIT gene, analysing its variability and haplotype distribution
      in cattle of three breeds (Angus, Hereford and Holstein) with different putative
      alleles (S(+), S(H) and s respectively) at the S locus. Resequencing of a whole
      of 0.485 Mb revealed 111 polymorphisms. The global nucleotide diversity was
      0.087%. Tajima's D-values were negative for all breeds, indicating putative
      directional selection. Of the 28 inferred haplotypes, only five were observed in
      the Hereford breed, in which one was the most frequent. Coalescent simulation
      showed that it is highly unlikely (P < 10E-6) to obtain this low number of
      haplotypes conditionally on the observed number of segregating SNPs. Therefore,
      the neutral model could be rejected for the Hereford breed, suggesting that a
      selection sweep occurred at the KIT locus. Twelve haplotypes were inferred in
      Holstein and Angus. For these two breeds, the neutral model could not be
      rejected. High heterogeneity of the KIT gene was confirmed from a phylogenetic
      analysis. Our results suggest a role of the KIT gene in determining the S(H)
      allele(s) in the Hereford, but no evidence of selective sweep was obtained in
      Holstein, suggesting that complex mechanisms (or other genes) might be the cause
      of the spotted phenotype in this breed.

PMID- 19968643
TI  - Multifocal retinal dysplasia in the German Spitz (Klein and Mittel) is not caused
      by mutations in BEST1.

PMID- 19968644
TI  - Identification of positively selected sites in the goat kappa casein (CSN3) gene.

PMID- 19968645
TI  - Museum specimens reveal changes in the population structure of northern
      Fennoscandian domestic reindeer in the past one hundred years.
AB  - Traditional reindeer herding of northern Fennoscandia has been based on seasonal
      movements independent of national borders. At the beginning of the 19th century,
      these yearly movements of reindeer were excessive, but during that century the
      borders between the Fennoscandian countries were closed. By analysing a 190-base
      pair fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 79 museum samples, we
      show that the reindeer of northern Fennoscandia were one homogenous population
      shortly after the national borders were closed. However, anthropogenic activity
      has effectively ended genetic exchange within northern Fennoscandia and has made
      the reindeer population within this region heterogeneous. Genetic input of
      eastern origin is also suggested within the extant Russian reindeer of the Kola
      Peninsula.

PMID- 19968646
TI  - A genome wide association study for QTL affecting direct and maternal effects of
      stillbirth and dystocia in cattle.
AB  - Dystocia and stillbirth are significant causes of female and neonatal death in
      many species and there is evidence for a genetic component to both traits.
      Identifying causal mutations affecting these traits through genome wide
      association studies could reveal the genetic pathways involved and will be a step
      towards targeted interventions. Norwegian Red cattle are an ideal model breed for
      such studies as very large numbers of records are available. We conducted a
      genome wide association study for direct and maternal effects of dystocia and
      stillbirth using almost 1 million records of these traits. Genotyping costs were
      minimized by genotyping the sires of the recorded cows, and using daughter
      averages as phenotypes. A dense marker map containing 17,343 single nucleotide
      polymorphisms covering all autosomal chromosomes was utilized. The genotyped
      sires were assigned to one of two groups in an attempt to ensure independence
      between the groups. Associations were only considered validated if they occurred
      in both groups. Strong associations were found and validated on chromosomes 4, 5,
      6, 9, 12, 20, 22 and 28. The QTL region on chromosome 6 was refined using LDLA
      analysis. The results showed that this chromosome most probably contains two QTL
      for direct effect on dystocia and one for direct effect on stillbirth. Several
      candidate genes may be identified close to these QTL. Of these, a cluster of
      genes expected to affect bone and cartilage formation (i.e. SPP1, IBSP and MEPE)
      are of particular interest and we suggest that these genes are screened in
      candidate gene studies for dystocia and stillbirth in cattle as well as other
      species.

PMID- 19968647
TI  - A gene-based SNP linkage map for pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.
AB  - Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) are of particular economic importance
      to the global shrimp aquaculture industry. However, limited genomics information
      is available for the penaeid species. We utilized the limited public information
      available, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and expressed sequence
      tags, to discover markers for the construction of the first SNP genetic map for
      Pacific white shrimp. In total, 1344 putative SNPs were discovered, and out of
      825 SNPs genotyped, 418 SNP markers from 347 contigs were mapped onto 45 sex
      averaged linkage groups, with approximate coverage of 2071 and 2130 cm for the
      female and male maps, respectively. The average-squared correlation coefficient
      (r(2)), a measure of linkage disequilibrium, for markers located more than 50 cm
      apart on the same linkage group, was 0.15. Levels of r(2) increased with
      decreasing inter-marker distance from approximately 80 cm, and increased more
      rapidly from approximately 30 cm. A QTL for shrimp gender was mapped on linkage
      group 13. Comparative mapping to model organisms, Daphnia pulex and Drosophila
      melanogaster, revealed extensive rearrangement of genome architecture for L.
      vannamei, and that L. vannamei was more related to Daphnia pulex. This SNP
      genetic map lays the foundation for future shrimp genomics studies, especially
      the identification of genetic markers or regions for economically important
      traits.

PMID- 19968648
TI  - The identification of QTL that affect the fatty acid composition of milk on sheep
      chromosome 11.
AB  - In this work, we analysed 11 genetic markers localized on OAR11 in a commercial
      population of Spanish Churra sheep to detect QTL that underlie milk fatty acid
      (FA) composition traits. Following a daughter design, we analysed 799 ewes
      distributed in 15 half-sib families. Eight microsatellite markers and three novel
      SNPs identified in two genes related to fatty acid metabolism, acetyl-CoA
      carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), were genotyped in the
      whole population under study. The phenotypic traits considered in the study
      included 22 measurements related to the FA composition of the milk and three
      other milk production traits (milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage and
      milk yield). Across-family regression analysis revealed four significant QTL at
      the 5% chromosome-wise level influencing contents of capric acid (C10:0), lauric
      acid (C12:0), linoleic conjugated acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids
      (PUFA) respectively. The peaks of the QTL affecting C10:0 and PUFA contents in
      milk map close to the FASN gene, which has been evaluated as a putative
      positional candidate for these QTL. The QTL influencing C12:0 content reaches its
      maximum significance at 58 cM, close to the gene coding for the glucose-dependent
      insulinotropic polypeptide. We were not able to find any candidate genes related
      to fat metabolism at the QTL influencing CLA content, which is located at the
      proximal end of the chromosome. Further research efforts will be needed to
      confirm and refine the QTL locations reported here.

PMID- 19968649
TI  - Genetic variation in the beta, beta-carotene-9', 10'-dioxygenase gene and
      association with fat colour in bovine adipose tissue and milk.
AB  - beta, beta-carotene-9', 10'-dioxygenase (BCO2) plays a role in cleaving beta
      carotene eccentrically, and may be involved in the control of adipose and milk
      colour in cattle. The bovine BCO2 gene was sequenced as a potential candidate
      gene for a beef fat colour QTL on chromosome (BTA) 15. A single nucleotide base
      change located in exon 3 causes the substitution of a stop codon (encoded by the
      A allele) for tryptophan(80) (encoded by the G allele) (c. 240G>A, p.Trp80stop,
      referred to herein as SNP W80X). Association analysis showed significant
      differences in subcutaneous fat colour and beta-carotene concentration amongst
      cattle with different BCO2 genotypes. Animals with the BCO2 AA genotype had more
      yellow beef fat and a higher beta-carotene concentration in adipose tissues than
      those with the GA or GG genotype. QTL mapping analysis with the BCO2 SNP W80X
      fitted as a fixed effect confirmed that this SNP is likely to represent the
      quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) for the fat colour-related traits on BTA 15.
      Moreover, animals with the AA genotype had yellower milk colour and a higher
      concentration of beta-carotene in the milk.

PMID- 19968650
TI  - Association of childhood perennial allergic rhinitis with subclinical airflow
      limitation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a relevant risk factor for the onset of
      asthma, and a close association exists between the nose and the bronchi.
      Recently, it has been evidenced that the duration of AR and mite allergy
      represent high risks for spirometric impairment in allergic adults. AIM: To
      evaluate a group of AR children, without bronchial symptoms, to investigate
      spirometric impairments. METHODS: Two hundred children with moderate-severe AR
      were consecutively evaluated. Clinical examination, skin prick test, and
      spirometry were performed in all children. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of the
      children had forced expiratory flow at 25% and 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25
      75%)<80% of the predicted values and 11% had both forced expiratory volume in 1 s
      and FEF25-75%<80% of the predicted values. Rhinitis duration and sensitization to
      house dust mites were significantly associated with impaired values of these
      spirometric parameters. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the close link between
      the upper and the lower airways and the role of some risk factors, such as long
      duration and mite sensitization, as early prognostic markers of bronchial
      involvement in children with AR and perceiving nasal symptoms alone.

PMID- 19968651
TI  - Bypassing T cells using a B cell mimotope allergy vaccine.

PMID- 19968652
TI  - United airways: circulating Th2 effector cells in an allergic rhinitis model are
      responsible for promoting lower airways inflammation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma often coexist and are referred to
      as 'united airways' disease. However, the molecular and cellular pathways that
      are crucially involved in the interaction between upper and lower airways remain
      to be identified. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether and how AR exacerbates
      lower airway inflammation upon allergen challenge in mice. METHODS: We previously
      developed an intranasal ovalbumin (OVA)-driven AR model, characterized by nasal
      eosinophilic inflammation, enhanced serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th2
      cytokine production in cervical lymph nodes. In OVA-sensitized mice with or
      without AR, a lower airway challenge was given, and after 24 h, lower airway
      inflammation was analysed. RESULTS: We found that AR mice were more susceptible
      to eosinophilic inflammation following a lower airway OVA challenge than OVA
      sensitized controls. AR mice manifested increased numbers of eosinophils in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1
      (ICAM-1) expression on lung endothelium, when compared with OVA-sensitized
      controls. Depletion of T cells in OVA-challenged AR mice completely abrogated all
      hallmarks of lower airway inflammation, including enhanced IL-5 and tissue
      eosinophilia. Conversely, adoptive transfer of Th2 effector cells in naive
      animals induced lower airway eosinophilic inflammation after challenge with OVA.
      Blocking T cell recirculation during AR development by the spingosine-1 analogue
      FTY720 also prevented lower airway inflammation including ICAM-1 expression in AR
      mice upon a single lower airway challenge. CONCLUSION: Our mouse model of 'united
      airways' disease supports epidemiological and clinical data that AR has a
      significant impact on lower airway inflammation. Circulating Th2 effector cells
      are responsible for lung priming in AR mice, most likely through up-regulation of
      ICAM-1.

PMID- 19968653
TI  - Bronchial provocation testing and collection of sputum with inhaled mannitol.

PMID- 19968654
TI  - Antioxidants and allergic disease: a case of too little or too much?
AB  - Speculation persists as to the possible role, if any, of dietary antioxidants in
      allergic disease. While it has been hypothesized that the recent increase in
      allergic disease is a consequence of declining dietary antioxidant intake, an
      alternative hypothesis proposes that the increase in allergic disease is due to
      increasing antioxidant intake. Dietary trends are conflicting; the intake of some
      antioxidants has declined, for others intakes are likely to have increased.
      Animal model studies demonstrate that antioxidant supplementation at the time of
      primary and subsequent allergen exposure attenuates allergic inflammatory
      responses. The data from human studies are less clear. Observational
      epidemiological studies of humans are beset by several methodological limitations
      associated with the assessment of diet and predominantly focus on asthma. Most
      observational studies report potentially beneficial associations between dietary
      antioxidants and allergic outcomes, but a small minority report potentially
      adverse associations. Human intervention studies suggest that single antioxidant
      supplements confer minimal, if any clinical benefit in adults with asthma,
      however, there is still scope for studies in children, atopic dermatitis,
      allergic rhinitis (AR) and of antioxidant combinations. More recently, it has
      been suggested that dietary antioxidants in the developmental context of fetal
      and infant development influence the development childhood asthma and atopic
      sensitization possibly by affecting the first interactions between the neonatal
      immune system and allergens. While a small number of birth cohort studies have
      reported potentially beneficial associations between maternal intake of some
      antioxidants during pregnancy and childhood asthma, there is very limited data
      suggesting associations between maternal antioxidant intake and childhood atopic
      dermatitis and AR. The available epidemiological, animal, molecular and
      immunological data suggest that there are associations between antioxidants and
      asthma and to a much lesser extent, atopic dermatitis and AR. However, the exact
      nature of the relationships and the potential for therapeutic intervention remain
      unclear.

PMID- 19968655
TI  - The role of lipopolysaccharide in the development of atopy in humans.
AB  - Atopy is a highly prevalent condition and remains the single biggest risk factor
      for asthma. Although atopy has a heritable component, the time frame of the
      increase in the prevalence indicates that it is not due to genetic factors alone.
      The relationship between allergen exposure and sensitization is complex.
      Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its bioactive moiety endotoxin are common to all
      gram-negative bacteria, and have been used as a surrogate of microbial load.
      Endotoxin can be readily measured in dust collected from homes. Some studies have
      demonstrated a clear inverse dose-response relationship between exposure to
      endotoxin and the risk of atopy but this finding has not been reproduced in all
      studies. Our innate immune system recognizes LPS readily via the LPS signal
      transduction pathway, which has the trimolecular complex of CD14/TLR4/MD2 at the
      core. A common single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of CD14
      rs2569190 C to T (CD14/-260 or CD14/-159) has been associated with elevated
      sCD14. Although early studies suggested that this variant was associated with
      more severe atopy, this finding was not uniformly replicated. It has now been
      demonstrated in four independent populations that high exposure to endotoxin in
      the domestic environment is protective against the development of atopy, but only
      among carriers of the C allele, that is, the environmental exposure is only
      relevant when taken in the context of the genotype. Furthermore, this interaction
      is biologically plausible. We propose that neither the environmental exposure nor
      the genotype in isolation is sufficient to cause complex diseases like asthma and
      atopy, but disease results from the one acting in the context of the other, of
      which CD14 and endotoxin is one example contributing to the risk for atopy.

PMID- 19968656
TI  - Impact of a raised body mass index on breast cancer survival in relation to age
      and disease extent at diagnosis.
AB  - The prognostic value of Body Mass Index (BMI) on breast cancer outcome is
      controversial and previous studies from this unit have not shown any significant
      relation to survival. The aim of this study was to re-examine any impact of a
      raised BMI on recurrence and survival related to age and disease stage at the
      time of diagnosis. Breast cancer patients (2,298) were reviewed and divided in
      groups by BMI. Recurrence Free Survival (RFS), Breast Cancer Specific Survival
      (BCSS), and Overall Survival (OS) were compared by Kaplan-Meier life table
      analysis. Known prognostic factors including BMI were tested for independent
      prognostic significance in a Cox's regression model. Obese patients (417) had on
      average larger tumors (median 2.3 versus 2.1 cm, p < 0.01). A trend to an
      increased positive node status (37% versus 33%) was not significant, p = 0.18.
      Seven-year RFS was 82% versus 77% in the obese, p < 0.01, BCSS was 87% versus
      85%, p = 0.046 and OS 81% versus 77%, p = 0.02. BMI was independently associated
      with RFS in multivariate analysis (HR: 1.43, p < 0.01). In subgroup analysis,
      survival differences were most prominent in patients with node positive disease
      and in patients <60-years old. Breast cancer outcome was worse in patients with a
      raised BMI and this risk was greater in younger patients and in those with node
      positive disease. The difference may be related to diagnosis at a more advanced
      stage in the obese but there was also an independent effect of BMI on survival.

PMID- 19968657
TI  - Use of the harmonic scalpel for breast surgery in patients with a cardiac
      pacemaker--a tip.

PMID- 19968658
TI  - Dysuria caused by pelvic metastasis from breast carcinoma was alleviated by multi
      modality therapy with zoledronic acid.

PMID- 19968659
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis presented as recurrent breast abscess.

PMID- 19968660
TI  - Synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma in a patient with cowden syndrome: a case
      report with morphologic, immunohistochemical and genetic analysis.
AB  - Synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma (SBBC) and early onset are important
      characteristics of hereditary cases. The lifetime risk for breast carcinoma in
      Cowden syndrome (CS) is estimated to be 25-50%. We reported a 44-year-old woman
      presenting SBBC and characteristic mucocutaneous lesions of CS, confirmed by PTEN
      gene mutation analysis. Bilateral modified mastectomy and axillary dissection
      were performed. Histopathologic examination revealed a moderate-differentiated
      invasive ductal carcinoma with mixed features of luminal A immunophenotype
      (Estrogen and/or Progesterone Receptors >50% and/or Ki67 < 30% of positive
      cells). The skin lesions showed the characteristic findings of tricholemmoma.
      Lack of PTEN expression was observed in all specimens. Sequencing analysis
      confirmed the presence of PTEN splice-acceptor site mutation in intron 8 (c.1027
      2A>G), a germline mutation which had not been previously reported in CS. The
      patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen for 5 years. After 5 years
      of follow-up, she persists recurrence-free. SBBC with early onset suggests a
      hereditary predisposition. Thus, analysis of PTEN expression abnormality, easily
      assessed by immunohistochemistry, may be of clinical value to screen those
      patients with CS.

PMID- 19968661
TI  - Older breast cancer survivors: factors associated with self-reported symptoms of
      persistent lymphedema over 7 years of follow-up.
AB  - Lymphedema of the arm is a common complication of breast cancer with symptoms
      that can persist over long periods of time. For older women (over 50% of breast
      cancer cases) it means living with the potential for long-term complications of
      persistent lymphedema in conjunction with the common diseases and disabilities of
      aging over survivorship. We identified women > or =65 years diagnosed with
      primary stage I-IIIA breast cancer. Data were collected over 7 years of follow-up
      from consenting patients' medical records and telephone interviews. Data
      collected included self-reported symptoms of persistent lymphedema, breast cancer
      characteristics, and selected sociodemographic and health-related
      characteristics. The overall prevalence of symptoms of persistent lymphedema was
      36% over 7 years of follow-up. Having stage II or III (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.07
      2.93) breast cancer and having a BMI >30 (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.69-5.45) were
      statistically significantly predictive of symptoms of persistent lymphedema.
      Women > or =80 years were less likely to report symptoms of persistent lymphedema
      when compared to younger women (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.18-0.95). Women with
      symptoms of persistent lymphedema consistently reported worse general mental
      health and physical function. Symptoms of persistent lymphedema were common in
      this population of older breast cancer survivors and had a noticeable effect on
      both physical function and general mental health. Our findings provide evidence
      of the impact of symptoms of persistent lymphedema on the quality of survivorship
      of older women. Clinical and research efforts focused on risk factors for
      symptoms of persistent lymphedema in older breast cancer survivors may lead to
      preventative and therapeutic measures that help maintain their health and well
      being over increasing periods of survivorship.

PMID- 19968662
TI  - Pharmacogenomics: a new paradigm to personalize treatments in nephrology
      patients.
AB  - Although notable progress has been made in the therapeutic management of patients
      with chronic kidney disease in both conservative and renal replacement treatments
      (dialysis and transplantation), the occurrence of medication-related problems
      (lack of efficacy, adverse drug reactions) still represents a key clinical issue.
      Recent evidence suggests that adverse drug reactions are major causes of death
      and hospital admission in Europe and the United States. The reasons for these
      conditions are represented by environmental/non-genetic and genetic factors
      responsible for the great inter-patient variability in drugs metabolism,
      disposition and therapeutic targets. Over the years several genetic settings have
      been linked, using pharmacogenetic approaches, to the effects and toxicity of
      many agents used in clinical nephrology. However, these strategies, analysing
      single gene or candidate pathways, do not represent the gold standard, being the
      overall pharmacological effects of medications and not typically monogenic
      traits. Therefore, to identify multi-genetic influence on drug response,
      researchers and clinicians from different fields of medicine and pharmacology
      have started to perform pharmacogenomic studies employing innovative whole
      genomic high-throughput technologies. However, to date, only few pharmacogenomics
      reports have been published in nephrology underlying the need to enhance the
      number of projects and to increase the research budget for this important
      research field. In the future we would expect that, applying the knowledge about
      an individual's inherited response to drugs, nephrologists will be able to
      prescribe medications based on each person's genetic make-up, to monitor
      carefully the efficacy/toxicity of a given drug and to modify the dosage or
      number of medications to obtain predefined clinical outcomes.

PMID- 19968664
TI  - Interferon signature gene expression is correlated with autoantibody profiles in
      patients with incomplete lupus syndromes.
AB  - Interferon (IFN) signature genes have been shown to be expressed highly in
      peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially
      in the presence of active disease. However, the expression of this gene signature
      in individuals with incomplete forms of lupus and the pathogenic relationship
      between IFN signature genes and autoantibody production have not been explored
      fully. In the present study, we examined the gene expression and autoantibody
      profiles of patients diagnosed with incomplete lupus erythematosus (ILE) to
      determine correlations of the gene expression signature with autoantibody
      production. Gene expression analysis was carried out on the 24K Illumina Human
      Refseq-8 arrays using blood samples from 84 subjects, including patients with SLE
      (n = 27) or ILE (n = 24), first-degree relatives (FDR) of these patients (n = 22)
      and non-autoimmune control (NC) individuals (n = 11). Autoantibody expression was
      measured using standard immunoassays and autoantigen proteomic arrays. Up
      regulation of a set of 63 IFN signature genes was seen in 83% of SLE patients and
      50% of ILE patients. High levels of IFN gene expression in ILE and SLE showed
      significant correlations with the expression of a subset of IgG autoantibodies,
      including chromatin, dsDNA, dsRNA, U1snRNP, Ro/SSA, La/SSB, topoisomerase I and
      Scl 70, while low IFN levels were correlated with immunoglobulin (Ig)M
      autoreactivity. These studies suggest that in patients with ILE the IFN gene
      expression signature may identify a subset of these individuals who are at risk
      for disease progression. Furthermore, high levels of alpha IFN may promote
      autoantibody class-switch from IgM to the more pathogenic IgG class.

PMID- 19968663
TI  - The therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode-derived immunodulator, ES-62
      in inflammatory disease.
AB  - The dramatic recent rise in the incidence of allergic or autoimmune inflammatory
      diseases in the West has been proposed to reflect the lack of appropriate priming
      of the immune response by infectious agents such as parasitic worms during
      childhood. Consistent with this, there is increasing evidence supporting an
      inverse relationship between worm infection and T helper type 1/17 (Th1/17)-based
      inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease,
      type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Perhaps more surprisingly, given that
      such worms often induce strong Th2-type immune responses, there also appears to
      be an inverse correlation between parasite load and atopy. These findings
      therefore suggest that the co-evolution of helminths with hosts, which has
      resulted in the ability of worms to modulate inflammatory responses to promote
      parasite survival, has also produced the benefit of protecting the host from
      pathological lesions arising from aggressive proinflammatory responses to
      infection or, indeed, aberrant inflammatory responses underlying autoimmune and
      allergic disorders. By focusing upon the properties of the filarial nematode
      derived immunomodulatory molecule, ES-62, in this review we shall discuss the
      potential of exploiting the immunomodulatory products of parasitic worms to
      identify and develop novel therapeutics for inflammation.

PMID- 19968666
TI  - Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: good, bad or benign?
AB  - A wide variety of genetic tests are now being marketed and sold in direct-to
      consumer (DTC) commercial transactions. However, risk information revealed
      through many DTC testing services, especially those based on emerging genome wide
      association studies, has limited predictive value for consumers. Some
      commentators contend that tests are being marketed prematurely, while others
      support rapid translation of genetic research findings to the marketplace. The
      potential harms and benefits of DTC access to genetic testing are not yet well
      understood, but some large-scale studies have recently been launched to examine
      how consumers understand and use genetic risk information. Greater consumer
      access to genetic tests creates a need for continuing education for health care
      professionals so they can respond to patients' inquiries about the benefits,
      risks and limitations of DTC services. Governmental bodies in many jurisdictions
      are considering options for regulating practices of DTC genetic testing
      companies, particularly to govern quality of commercial genetic tests and ensure
      fair and truthful advertising. Intersectoral initiatives involving government
      regulators, professional bodies and industry are important to facilitate
      development of standards to govern this rapidly developing area of personalized
      genomic commerce.

PMID- 19968665
TI  - T cell sensitivity and the outcome of viral infection.
AB  - The importance of CD8(+) T cells in the control of viral infections is well
      established. However, what differentiates CD8(+) T cell responses in individuals
      who control infection and those who do not is not well understood. 'Functional
      sensitivity' describes an important quality of the T cell response and is
      determined in part by the affinity of the T cell receptor for antigen. A more
      sensitive T cell response is generally believed to be more efficient and
      associated with better control of viral infection, yet may also drive viral
      mutation and immune escape. Various in vitro techniques have been used to measure
      T cell sensitivity; however, rapid ex vivo analysis of this has been made
      possible by the application of the 'magic' tetramer technology. Such tools have
      potentially important applications in the design and evaluation of vaccines.

PMID- 19968668
TI  - A K+ channel that channels neurology to nephrology.

PMID- 19968667
TI  - Enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis VI from 8 weeks of age--a
      sibling control study.
AB  - Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a progressive, multisystem disorder
      caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphatase
      (ASB). Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to clinically benefit
      affected individuals greater than 6 years of age. This case control study of
      affected siblings assessed the safety, efficacy and benefits of ERT in children
      less than 5 years of age. Siblings, aged 8 weeks and 3.6 years, were treated
      weekly with 1 mg/kg recombinant human N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphatase (rhASB)
      with an end-point of 3.6 years. Clinical and biochemical parameters were
      monitored to assess the benefits of ERT. The treatment was well tolerated by both
      siblings. In the younger sibling, ERT was associated with the absence of the
      development of scoliosis and preserved joint movement, cardiac valves and facial
      morphology. The older sibling had a marked improvement in joint mobility and
      cardiac valve pathology and scoliosis slowed or stabilized. Corneal clouding and
      progressive skeletal changes were observed despite treatment. This study
      demonstrated a clear benefit of early initiation of ERT to slow or prevent the
      development of significant pathological changes of MPS VI. These results indicate
      that the earlier ERT is started, the greater the response.

PMID- 19968669
TI  - A neuronal gene mutation that kills glia.

PMID- 19968670
TI  - Further genotype--phenotype correlations in neurofibromatosis 2.
AB  - Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is caused by mutations in the NF2 gene predisposing
      carriers to develop nervous system tumours. Different NF2 mutations result in
      either loss/reduced protein function or gain of protein function (abnormally
      behaving mutant allele i.e. truncated protein potentially causing dominant
      negative effect). We present a comparison between the clinical presentations of
      patients with mutations that are predicted to produce truncated protein
      (nonsense/frameshift mutations) to those that results in loss of protein
      expression (large deletions) to elucidate further genotype-phenotype correlations
      in NF2. Patients with nonsense/frameshift mutations have a younger age of
      diagnosis and a higher prevalence/proportion of meningiomas (p = 0.002, p =
      0.014), spinal tumours (p = 0.004, p = 0.004) and non-VIII cranial nerve tumours
      (p = 0.006, p = 0.003). We also found younger age of diagnosis of vestibular
      schwannomas (p = 0.007), higher mean numbers of cutaneous lesions (p = 0.003) and
      spinal tumours (p = 0.006) in these patients. With respect to NF2 symptoms, we
      found younger age of onset of hearing loss (p = 0.010), tinnitus (p = 0.002),
      paraesthesiae (p = 0.073), wasting and weakness (p = 0.001) and headaches (p =
      0.049) in patients with nonsense/frameshift mutations. Our comparison shows,
      additional, new correlations between mutations in the NF2 gene and the NF2
      disease phenotype, and this further confirms that nonsense/frameshift mutations
      are associated with more severe NF2 symptoms. Therefore patients with this class
      of NF2 mutation should be followed up closely.

PMID- 19968671
TI  - DJ-1 is a Parkinson's disease susceptibility gene in southern Italy.
AB  - Mutations in the gene DJ-1 have been shown to be a rare cause of early-onset
      Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Since DJ-1 mutations have been found in patients with
      Parkinson's disease (PD) from southern Italy, we aimed to investigate whether
      polymorphisms within the DJ-1 gene could represent a risk factor for sporadic PD.
      First, we genotyped 294 patients with PD and 298 controls coming from southern
      Italy to assess the distribution of the insertion/deletion (Ins/Del)
      polymorphism. In a second phase, we identified five single-nucleotide
      polymorphisms (SNPs) useful to delimit a region potentially involved and
      genotyped all patients and controls for these markers. All the markers analyzed
      were significantly associated with PD at both allelic and genotypic level. The
      most significant association with the disease was found at the Ins/Del
      polymorphism (p = 0.0001; adjusted odds ratio (OR ) = 2.05; confidence interval
      (CI ) = 1.36-3.08). When we considered a three-marker sliding window, we found a
      highly significant association between the disease and the haplotypes including
      markers rs17523802, Ins/Del, and rs3766606 (p = 0.0007) and markers Ins/Del,
      rs3766606 and rs7517357 (p = 0.0054). Our results indicate that polymorphisms
      located in a region spanning 3535 bp from the promoter to the intron 2 of the DJ
      1 gene confer risk to sporadic PD in southern Italy.

PMID- 19968672
TI  - Ciliary dysfunction and obesity.
AB  - Obesity associates with increased health risks such as heart disease, stroke and
      diabetes. The steady rise in the obese population worldwide poses an increasing
      burden on health systems. Genetic factors contribute to the development of
      obesity, and the elucidation of their physiological functions helps to understand
      the cause, and improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment for this disorder.
      Primary cilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles whose dysfunctions lead to
      human disorders now defined as ciliopathies. Human ciliopathies present
      pleiotropic and overlapping phenotypes that often include retinal degeneration,
      cystic renal anomalies and obesity. Increasing evidence implicates an intriguing
      involvement of cilia in lipid/energy homeostasis. Here we discuss recent studies
      in support of the key roles of ciliary genes in the development and pathology of
      obesity in various animal models. Genes affecting ciliary development and
      function may pose promising candidate underlying genetic factors that contribute
      to the development of common obesity.

PMID- 19968673
TI  - Functional versus radiological assessment of chronic intestinal ischaemia.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis chronic intestinal ischaemia (CII) is based on the
      clinical symptoms postprandial pain and weight loss combined with abnormal
      findings during angiography. Despite the well-known poor correlation between
      symptoms and morphology, physiological tests are rarely performed. PERSPECTIVES:
      It is possible to measure the total splanchnic blood flow (SBF) before and after
      a test meal, and the results supply additional information to the morphologic
      investigations. To date, no papers have addressed the impact of morphologic
      changes of the mesenteric arteries on the SBF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six
      consecutive patients suspected of CII were investigated. The routine
      investigation included angiography and measurements of the SBF before and after a
      test meal. Measurements of the total SBF were performed using the 'Fick
      principle'. (99m)Technetium-labelled Mebrofenin was used as a tracer. Digital
      subtraction angiography was performed. RESULTS: Agreement between SBF and
      angiography was found in 44 of 46 patients. Mean baseline SBF for all patients
      was 985 ml/min, total range (525-1932) and within the reported normal range. The
      mean postprandial increase in SBF was 480 mL min(-1) (-130 to 1353), thus 36
      patients were categorized as normal by both angiography and SBF, eight patients
      were abnormal by both methods and two patients had abnormal SBF but normal
      angiography. DISCUSSION: In this cohort, SBF detects CII with sensitivity of 1.0,
      and specificity of 0.95. SBF supplies additional information in patients with
      convincing symptoms and normal angiography. In these patients, the affection of
      the intestinal arteries may be too distant or too subtle to be visualized on
      angiography.

PMID- 19968674
TI  - The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster
      randomised-controlled trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To review the effect of lavender scent on anticipatory anxiety in
      dental participants. METHODS: In a cluster randomized-controlled trial, patients'
      (N = 340) anxiety was assessed while waiting for a scheduled dental appointment,
      either under the odor of lavender or with no odor. Current anxiety, assessed by
      the brief State Trait Anxiety Indicator (STAI-6), and generalized dental anxiety,
      assessed by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were examined. RESULTS:
      Analyses of variance (anovas) showed that although both groups showed similar,
      moderate levels of generalized dental anxiety (MDAS F((1,338)) = 2.17, P > 0.05)
      the lavender group reported significantly lower current anxiety (STAI: F((1,338))
      = 74.69, P < 0.001) than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although anxiety about
      future dental visits seems to be unaffected, lavender scent reduces state anxiety
      in dental patients.

PMID- 19968675
TI  - Assessment of the validity of HLD (CalMod) in identifying orthodontic treatment
      need.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the
      Handicapped Labio-Lingual Deviation index with California modifications, HLD
      (CalMod), in identifying handicapping malocclusions. METHODS: A set of 153 study
      casts representing all types of malocclusion was utilized in this study. Models
      were randomly chosen the UCSF Division of Orthodontics clinic. Treatment need was
      determined by the HLD (CalMod) index and by a panel of 13 orthodontists,
      conventionally established as the 'gold standard'. Spearman Rank correlation
      analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between HLD (CalMod) and the gold
      standard. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modeling was used to
      determine the HLD (CalMod) cut-off point of orthodontic treatment need according
      to the gold standard. RESULTS: A Spearman Rank correlation Coefficient of 0.71
      demonstrated a moderately high correlation between HLD (CalMod) and the gold
      standard. The CART modeling determined a value of 18.5 as the cut-off point of
      HLD (CalMod) for orthodontic treatment need, considerably lower than the cut-off
      point of 26 currently used by Medi-Cal. At a value of 26 points as the cut-off
      HLD (CalMod) displayed a low sensitivity (25.9%) and high specificity
      (96.8%).With a cut-off point of 18.5, specificity decreased to 55.6% while
      sensitivity increased dramatically to 92.9%. CONCLUSION: Our results show that
      the HLD (CalMod) with a cut-off point of 26 fails to indentify a considerable
      percentage of handicapping malocclusions. More studies should be done assessing
      the efficacy of the HLD (CalMod) in identifying handicapping malocclusion.

PMID- 19968680
TI  - Severe symptoms in mid and apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We analyzed the clinical and quantitative echocardiographic
      characteristics of patients with sub-basal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) to
      define the characteristics of patients (pts) with severe symptoms. METHODS: Of
      444 pts in a referral-based HCM program, 22 (5%) had midventricular or apical
      HCM. Quality of life (QoL) questionnaire was administered as an independent
      confirmer of symptomatic state. RESULTS: Ten pts were NYHA III and IV, and 12 pts
      were NYHA I and II; QoL scores (41 +/- 26 vs. 10 +/- 13, P = 0.001) confirmed a
      priori division of two groups based on NYHA classification. Pts with more severe
      symptoms were more likely female (70% vs. 25%, P = 0.001) with atrial
      fibrillation (40% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). They more frequently had midventricular HCM
      60% versus 8% (P = 0.01) (mid-LV thickness 17 +/- 6 vs. 12 +/- 2 mm, P = 0.03)
      and had much smaller LV diastolic volumes 68 +/- 12 versus 102 +/- 22 ml (39 +/-
      4 vs. 53 +/- 12 ml/m(2), P = 0.001). Septal E/E' was higher in the severely
      symptomatic pts (15 +/- 5 vs. 7 +/- 3, P = 0.001) indicating higher estimated LV
      filling pressure. Midobstruction with apical akinetic chamber was noted in 4/10
      pts who developed refractory symptoms. Cardiac mortality was higher in the
      severely symptomatic patients, 4/10 who had midventricular HCM as compared to
      0/12 in the mildly symptomatic apical HCM group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In
      subbasal HCM, pts with severe symptoms have midventricular hypertrophy, with
      encroachment of the LV cavity and consequent very small LV volumes that may be
      complicated by mid-LV obstruction. Pts with mid-LV hypertrophy are more
      symptomatic than those with apical HCM, are often refractory to therapy, and have
      higher mortality.

PMID- 19968676
TI  - Actuarial life-table analysis of lower impacted wisdom teeth in general dental
      practice.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The appropriateness of extraction of asymptomatic impacted third
      molars has been much debated and as a result the number of extractions has fallen
      in the UK in the past few years. As a direct consequence of this decrease more
      impacted third molars are left in situ and yet, little is known about the natural
      history of these teeth. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to create an
      actuarial life-table and related survival analysis that would shed light on the
      natural history of an impacted lower third molar. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs
      taken in 14 different general dental practices in Scotland were analysed and
      matched with their respective case notes in order to generate a sample of
      patients with asymptomatic impacted lower third molars. Subjects were assessed to
      confirm the presence of impaction and absence of symptoms and then re-assessed 1
      year later for the development of symptoms during the study period to relate the
      incidence of symptoms within 1 year in the sample studied to age. Logistic
      regression was used to construct a life table based on the survival of symptom
      free teeth (independently of extraction) during the study period. RESULTS: The
      number of patients included in the study was 583 and 421 for the baseline and
      follow-up assessments respectively. The total number of teeth analysed in both
      appointments was 676; from those 37 (5.47%) were extracted during the study
      period. About 562 teeth (83.13%) survived the study period symptom-free. There
      was a statistically significant inverse association between the development of
      symptoms studied and age. There was no statistically significant association
      between extraction and age. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that older patients
      are less likely to develop the symptoms studied. In addition the authors believe
      that there is evidence to suggest that general dental practitioners might not be
      following current guidelines when deciding whether or not to extract an impacted
      lower third molar in the centres studied.

PMID- 19968681
TI  - The effect of dobutamine without and with L-arginine on arterial compliance in
      heart failure patients.
AB  - The effect of dobutamine on carotid and brachial arteries compliance and the
      association of L-arginine as a potential nitric oxide pathway restorer were
      evaluated in patients with heart failure. Twenty-seven outpatients participated.
      Drugs used for the treatment of heart failure were withheld at least 24 hours
      before the study. The carotid and brachial artery diameters and hemodynamic
      variables were evaluated by ultrasonography and Doppler in baseline conditions,
      with dobutamine, with flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and with placebo or L
      arginine alone and associated with dobutamine. There was a significant increase
      in carotid peak blood flow with dobutamine when compared with that at baseline (P
      = 0.0001) or with L-arginine or placebo (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001,
      respectively), with increase of the cardiac index (P = 0.0001). Dobutamine did
      not increase carotid arterial compliance. FMD significantly increased the
      brachial peak blood flow (P = 0.0022) and the artery diameter (P = 0.0001).
      Dobutamine did not change the brachial artery diameter. Brachial peak blood flow
      was increased with dobutamine alone or associated with placebo or L-arginine
      comparing with L-arginine or placebo alone (P = 0.0168 and P = 0.0140,
      respectively), but was not increased compared with that at baseline. L-arginine
      infusion was not associated with changes in carotid, brachial, or in the cardiac
      index. We concluded that dobutamine increased carotid peak blood flow in patients
      with heart failure, although without changing the arterial compliance. The FMD of
      brachial artery was maintained, while brachial artery response to dobutamine
      infusion was less reliable. The carotid artery may be under the direct influence
      of the heart, while the brachial artery may be under predominant local control.

PMID- 19968682
TI  - Implementation of real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in
      percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty and structural heart disease
      interventions.
AB  - Percutaneous interventions for structural heart disease are performed in a
      dynamic and complex environment that necessitates multiple imaging modalities to
      achieve procedural success. Structural interventions are routinely guided by two
      dimensional (2D) modalities such as x-ray fluoroscopy, transesophageal
      echocardiography (TEE), and intracardiac echocardiography. Real time imaging with
      three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography is a novel method of guidance to
      facilitate complex structural interventions with the promise of greater safety
      and efficacy. Real time 3D TEE (RT3D-TEE) affords the capability of imaging
      catheters and devices, the interventional objective, and adjacent structures
      simultaneously. We present an overview of RT3D-TEE and explore its functionality
      in structural heart interventions by using percutaneous mitral balloon
      valvuloplasty as a model.

PMID- 19968683
TI  - Imaging of right coronary artery ostial stents by transesophageal
      echocardiography.
AB  - A 55-year-old female with a history of rheumatic mitral stenosis and coronary
      artery disease underwent a transesophageal echocardiographic examination to
      assess the feasibility of performing balloon mitral valvuloplasty. During the
      examination, an unusual echodensity was incidentally discovered in the right
      sinus of Valsalva which represented a coronary artery stent. Transesophageal
      imaging of ostial stents have rarely been described in the literature. Their
      characteristic echocardiographic findings are discussed.

PMID- 19968684
TI  - Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic guidance during retrieval of
      an embolized percutaneous atrial septal defect closure device.

PMID- 19968685
TI  - Enormous right atrial hemangioma in an asymptomatic patient: a case report and
      literature review.
AB  - We report the case of an enormous right atrial hemangioma in an asymptomatic 42
      year-old woman. The diagnosis was made by echocardiogram after the patient was
      found to have an abnormal EKG during a routine medical exam. The hemangioma is
      the largest described in English literature. The tumor was surgically resected
      and the patient did well postoperatively. In this case report, we discuss the
      discovery of the tumor and treatment of our patient. A brief discussion of
      cardiac hemangiomas follows.

PMID- 19968686
TI  - Quadricuspid aortic valve with ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm to the right
      atrium.
AB  - A 32-year-old man with a sudden onset of chest pain and progressive dyspnea was
      found to have a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm to the right atrium with an
      associated quadricuspid aortic valve. Echocardiographic and angiographic images
      are presented, with real time transthoracic 3D echo. The patient was successfully
      operated.

PMID- 19968687
TI  - Live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of
      mitral and aortic valve prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation.
AB  - Thirteen patients already scheduled for surgery for repair of prosthetic
      paravalvular regurgitation underwent intraoperative real time two-dimensional
      transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) and live/real time three-dimensional
      transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE). In all patients, 3D TEE was able to
      provide more information regarding the location and size of the paravalvular
      defect as compared to 2D TEE. 3D TEE resulted in a more accurate localization of
      the defect and an estimation of the size of the defect that correlated much more
      closely with surgical findings when compared with 2D TEE. Our preliminary results
      demonstrate the superiority of 3D TEE over 2D TEE in the evaluation of
      paravalvular prosthetic regurgitation. 3D TEE not only provides an accurate
      assessment of the exact site of the leakage, but also gives a more accurate
      estimate of its size. This information could be valuable to surgeons who may
      encounter difficulty when localizing and estimating the size of paraprosthetic
      leaks while the heart is devoid of blood during surgery.

PMID- 19968688
TI  - Left ventricular apical thin point viewed with two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of two-dimensional
      echocardiography in observing the left ventricular apical thin point (LVATP) and
      to view the change in thickness and width of the LVATP during the cardiac cycle.
      Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 32 healthy adult volunteers to
      observe the LVATP in an apical three-chamber view. The width and thickness of the
      LVATP were measured at the end-diastole as well as at the end-systole. With two
      dimensional echocardiography, the LVATP could be clearly shown. The width of the
      LVATP at the end-diastole and end-systole was 3.3 mm +/- 1.4 mm versus 0.9 mm+/
      0.4 mm, P < 0.001; the thickness of the LVATP at the end-diastole and end-systole
      was 1.7 mm +/- 0.6 mm versus 1.8 mm +/- 0.8 mm, P > 0.05. The LVATP can be viewed
      with two-dimensional echocardiography; the LVATP changes significantly in width
      during the cardiac cycle, whereas the thickness of the LVATP changes
      insignificantly.

PMID- 19968689
TI  - Isolated nonrespiratory alternans in Doppler tissue imaging velocities in a
      patient with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 19968690
TI  - The Gerbode defect: left ventricular to right atrial communication-anatomic,
      hemodynamic, and echocardiographic features.

PMID- 19968691
TI  - Detecting adverse events in dermatologic surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of and public attention to patient
      safety, little is documented about how adverse events (AEs) can or should be
      monitored in dermatologic surgery. Data to address this shortcoming are needed,
      although well-defined methodologies have yet to be implemented. OBJECTIVE To
      summarize current strategies in detecting adverse outcomes of dermatologic
      surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Medline literature search was
      conducted using the terms "adverse event,""detection,""reporting,""monitoring,"
      and "surgery." Articles selected addressed the efficacy of one or more AE
      reporting techniques in surgical patients. RESULTS: Prospective and retrospective
      reporting methods were identified, with morbidity and mortality conference being
      the most commonly used method of AE reporting. Retrospective medical record
      review, the retrospective trigger tool approach, and an anonymous electronic
      reporting system were more sensitive approaches. The Surgical Quality Improvement
      Program, a program that has successfully translated AE data into lower
      postoperative morbidity and mortality, was analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Although
      generally considered safe, dermatologic surgery has no current standard for AE
      reporting. Standard definitions and high-quality data regarding AEs" currently
      limit this analysis. Pilot studies are needed to develop feasible measures, with
      the goal of increasing the sensitivity of AE detection and ultimately improving
      patient outcomes.

PMID- 19968693
TI  - Regional invariance among microbial communities.
AB  - Microbial ecology has focused much on causes of between-site variation in
      community composition. By analysing five data-sets each of aquatic bacteria and
      phytoplankton, we demonstrated that microbial communities show a large degree of
      similarity in community composition and that abundant taxa were widespread, a
      typical pattern for many metazoan metacommunities. The regional abundance of taxa
      explained on average 85 and 41% of variation in detection frequency and 58 and
      31% of variation in local abundances for bacteria and phytoplankton,
      respectively. However, regional abundance explained less variation in local
      abundances with increasing environmental variation between sites within data
      sets. These findings indicate that the studies of microbial assemblages need to
      consider similarities between communities to better understand the processes
      underlying the assembly of microbial communities. Finally, we propose that the
      degree of regional invariance can be linked to the evolution of microbes and the
      variation in ecosystem functions performed by microbial communities.

PMID- 19968694
TI  - Avoidance by grazers facilitates spread of an invasive hybrid plant.
AB  - Biological invasions greatly increase the potential for hybridization among
      native and non-native species. Hybridization may influence the palatability of
      novel hybrids to consumers potentially influencing invasion success; however, the
      palatability of non-native hybrids relative to the parent species is poorly
      known. In contrast, studies of native-only hybrids find they are nearly always
      more palatable to consumers than the parent species. Here, I experimentally
      demonstrate that an invasive hybrid cordgrass (Spartina) is dramatically less
      palatable to grazing geese than the native parent species. Using field and aviary
      experiments, I show that grazing geese ignore the hybrid cordgrass and
      preferentially consume native Spartina. I also experimentally demonstrate that
      reduced herbivory of the invasive hybrid may contribute to faster spread in a
      California estuary. These results suggest that biological invasions may increase
      future opportunities for creating novel hybrids that may pose a greater risk to
      natural systems than the parent species.

PMID- 19968695
TI  - Phenotype-environment mismatches reduce connectivity in the sea.
AB  - The connectivity of marine populations is often surprisingly lower than predicted
      by the dispersal capabilities of propagules alone. Estimates of connectivity,
      moreover, do not always scale with distance and are sometimes counterintuitive.
      Population connectivity requires more than just the simple exchange of settlers
      among populations: it also requires the successful establishment and reproduction
      of exogenous colonizers. Marine organisms often disperse over large spatial
      scales, encountering very different environments and suffering extremely high
      levels of post-colonization mortality. Given the growing evidence that such
      selection pressures often vary over spatial scales that are much smaller than
      those of dispersal, we argue that selection will bias survival against exogenous
      colonizers. We call this selection against exogenous colonizers a phenotype
      environment mismatch and argue that phenotype-environment mismatches represent an
      important barrier to connectivity in the sea. Crucially, these mismatches may
      operate independently of distance and thereby have the potential to explain the
      counterintuitive patterns of connectivity often seen in marine environments. We
      discuss how such mismatches might alter our understanding and management of
      marine populations.

PMID- 19968696
TI  - Leaf hydraulic evolution led a surge in leaf photosynthetic capacity during early
      angiosperm diversification.
AB  - Angiosperm evolution transformed global ecology, and much of this impact derives
      from the unrivalled vegetative productivity of dominant angiosperm clades.
      However, the origins of high photosynthetic capacity in angiosperms remain
      unknown. In this study, we describe the steep trajectory of leaf vein density
      (D(v)) evolution in angiosperms, and predict that this leaf plumbing innovation
      enabled a major shift in the capacity of leaves to assimilate CO(2).
      Reconstructing leaf vein evolution from an examination of 504 angiosperm species
      we found a rapid three- to fourfold increase in D(v) occurred during the early
      evolution of angiosperms. We demonstrate how this major shift in leaf vein
      architecture potentially allowed the maximum photosynthetic capacity in
      angiosperms to rise above competing groups 140-100 Ma. Our data suggest that
      early terrestrial angiosperms produced leaves with low photosynthetic rates, but
      that subsequent angiosperm success is linked to a surge in photosynthetic
      capacity during their early diversification.

PMID- 19968697
TI  - Understanding food-web persistence from local to global scales.
AB  - Understanding food-web persistence is an important long-term objective of ecology
      because of its relevance in maintaining biodiversity. To date, many dynamic
      studies of food-web behaviour--both empirical and theoretical--have focused on
      smaller sub-webs, called trophic modules, because these modules are more
      tractable experimentally and analytically than whole food webs. The question
      remains to what degree studies of trophic modules are relevant to infer the
      persistence of entire food webs. Four trophic modules have received particular
      attention in the literature: tri-trophic food chains, omnivory, exploitative
      competition, and apparent competition. Here, we integrate analysis of these
      modules' dynamics in isolation with those of whole food webs to directly assess
      the appropriateness of scaling from modules to food webs. We find that there is
      not a direct, one-to-one, relationship between the relative persistence of
      modules in isolation and their effect on persistence of an entire food web.
      Nevertheless, we observe that those modules which are most commonly found in
      empirical food webs are those that confer the greatest community persistence. As
      a consequence, we demonstrate that there may be significant dynamic
      justifications for empirically-observed food-web structure.

PMID- 19968698
TI  - Increased mRNA expression of collagen V gene in pulmonary fibrosis of systemic
      sclerosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Collagen V shows promise as an inducer of interstitial lung fibrosis
      in experimental systemic sclerosis (SSc). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Remodelling of
      the pulmonary interstitium was evaluated based on the clinical data and open lung
      biopsies from 15 patients with SSc. Normal lung tissues obtained from eight
      individuals who died of traumatic injuries were used as control group.
      Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, morphometry, tri-dimensional
      reconstruction and a real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate
      the quantity, structure and molecular chains of collagen V. The impact of these
      markers was tested on clinical data. RESULTS: The main difference in collagen V
      content between SSc patients and the control group was an increased, abnormal and
      distorted fibre deposition in the alveolar septa and the pre-acinar artery wall.
      The lungs from SSc patients presented [alpha1(V)] and [alpha2(V)] mRNA chain
      expression increased, but [alpha2(V)] was proportionally increased compared with
      the control group. High levels of collagen V were inversely associated with vital
      capacity (r = -0.72; P = 0.002), forced vital capacity (r = -0.76; P < 0.001),
      forced expiratory volume in 1-s (r = -0.89; P < 0.001) and diffusing capacity for
      carbon monoxide (r = -0.62; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal collagen V fibres
      are overproduced in lungs from SSc patients and may play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of the disease as this molecule regulates tissue collagen assembly.
      The aberrant histoarchitecture observed in SSc can be related to the
      overexpression of the [alpha2(V)] gene of unknown origin.

PMID- 19968699
TI  - Interleukin-18 levels are associated with low-density lipoproteins size.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Both low-density lipoproteins (LDL) size and serum interleukin (IL)
      18 levels have been shown to be predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and
      mortality. However, it is still unknown whether IL-18 levels are independently
      associated with LDL size. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study including 53
      premenopausal women (18-45 years), LDL size (by gradient gel electrophoresis),
      serum IL-18, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum lipids, insulin
      sensitivity (S(I), by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) were
      measured. RESULTS: LDL size correlated with IL-18 (r = -0.38, P = 0.006), hs-CRP
      (r = -0.40, P = 0.003), S(I) (r = 0.36, P = 0.011), serum triglycerides (r = 
      0.32, P = 0.018) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol (r = 0.40, P =
      0.003). When these variables were entered into a regression model, serum IL-18
      (beta = -0.26, P = 0.04), triglycerides (beta = -0.29, P = 0.02) and HDL
      cholesterol (beta = 0.34, P = 0.01) levels were independently associated with LDL
      size, accounting for 42% of the variance (P < 0.001). Serum hs-CRP levels and
      S(I) were not significant independent predictors of LDL size in this model.
      CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report showing that elevated IL-18 levels are
      associated with reduced LDL size, independent of other inflammatory and metabolic
      risk factors. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the predictive
      role of IL-18 as an inflammatory marker of LDL size and the development of
      subclinical and/or clinical atherosclerosis.

PMID- 19968700
TI  - Evolution of striatal degeneration in McLeod syndrome.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome (MLS) is an X-linked
      multisystem disorder with CNS manifestations resembling Huntington disease.
      Neuroimaging studies revealed striatal atrophy with predominance of the caudate
      nucleus. Our previous cross-sectional MRI study showed an association of volume
      loss in the caudate nucleus and putamen with the disease duration. METHODS: In
      the present study, we examined three brothers with genetically confirmed
      diagnosis of MLS using an observer-independent and fully automated subcortical
      segmentation procedure to measure striatal volumes. RESULTS: In a cross-sectional
      comparison with 20 healthy age-matched control men, the volumes of the caudate
      nucleus of the three patients were significantly smaller as confirmed by z-score
      transformations. On an individual basis, volumes in the two more severely
      affected and older patients were smaller than in the less affected younger
      brother. Longitudinal MRI-based measurements over 7 years demonstrated a
      statistical trend towards significant decreased caudate volumes in McLeod
      patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that structural MRI combined with
      fully automated computational morphometric analyses represents an objective and
      observer-independent imaging tool for the representation of progressive striatal
      degeneration in MLS and might be a valuable methodology for cross-sectional as
      well as longitudinally volumetric studies in other rare neurodegenerative
      diseases, even on individual patients.

PMID- 19968701
TI  - Cerebral perfusion-CT patterns following seizure.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cerebral perfusion-CT (PCT) is commonly used to image patients with
      suspected stroke, but PCT may also be useful in detecting abnormalities following
      seizure. METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients who presented to our
      stroke center between 2000 and 2008 with acute, transient neurological deficits
      because of seizure and received PCT imaging within 72 h. We compared the group of
      seizure patients with abnormal post-ictal PCT to a group of seizure patients with
      normal post-ictal PCT. Patients were excluded from analysis if the seizure
      occurred secondary to an acute process known to alter cerebral perfusion.
      RESULTS: Of 27 patients with acute post-ictal neurological deficits, PCT was
      abnormal in 10 (37%) and normal in 17 (63%). The most common post-ictal perfusion
      abnormality, seen in eight of 10 patients, was focal hypoperfusion, with
      prolonged mean transit time (MTT) and decreased cerebral blood flow and cerebral
      blood volume, in a cortical ribbon pattern, multi-lobar or holo-hemispheric
      distribution, sparing the basal ganglia. CT Angiography (CTA) showed no
      corresponding large vessel pathology. Two other PCT abnormalities--focal
      hyperperfusion and an isolated prolonged MTT--were also observed in single
      patients. Imaging within 2 h after seizure termination was significantly
      associated with finding a post-ictal PCT abnormality (P < 0.039). CONCLUSIONS:
      Post-ictal cerebral PCT abnormalities are relatively common in patients early
      after seizure. When PCT abnormalities occur in atypical vascular distributions-
      and the CTA shows no corresponding large vessel occlusions--seizure should be
      considered as a diagnostic possibility prior to giving acute stroke therapy.

PMID- 19968702
TI  - Review of long-term mortality and vascular morbidity amongst young adults with
      cerebral infarction.
AB  - The incidence of cerebral infarction amongst patients <45 years ranges from 3.4
      to 11.3 per 100,000. Aetiology of cerebral infarction is more heterogeneous
      amongst young patients than amongst older patients including frequent dissection
      of neck vessels. Because of longer expected survival, prognosis is of special
      importance amongst younger patients. Average annual long-term mortality rate
      after the first year of cerebral infarction ranges from 0.6% to 1.8% and is about
      10 times higher than amongst matched controls. Long-term mortality is associated
      with cardiac embolism and atherosclerosis, whilst dissection of neck vessels is
      associated with low long-term mortality. Average annual long-term recurrence rate
      of cerebral infarction ranges from 0.3% to 1.7% after the first year. Recurrence
      of cerebral infarction and other vascular events is highly associated with
      traditional risk factors including smoking, diabetes mellitus and symptomatic
      atherosclerosis. Dissection of neck vessel is associated with low long-term
      mortality rate and low recurrence rate of cerebral infarction. Tailoring
      secondary preventive treatment according to aetiology and risk factors suggests
      better prognosis.

PMID- 19968703
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in Parkinson
      disease.

PMID- 19968704
TI  - Subclinical tremor in normal controls with versus without a family history of
      essential tremor: data from the United States and Turkey.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mild action tremor is very common in the population. One
      fundamental question is whether this tremor is related to the neurological
      disease essential tremor (ET), which occurs in a much smaller segment of the
      population? ET is often genetic, and variable phenotypic expression is well
      documented in the literature. We determined whether normal controls who report a
      family history of ET have greater action tremor than normal controls who do not
      report such a history. METHODS: Controls, enrolled in two epidemiological studies
      (New York and Turkey), were examined in detail and action tremor was rated using
      a valid and reliable clinical rating scale, resulting in a total tremor score
      (range 0-36). RESULTS: In New York, the total tremor score was higher in 44/406
      (10.8%) controls who reported a family history of ET than in 362/406 controls
      with no such history (4.25 +/- 2.51 vs. 3.78 +/- 2.93, P = 0.02). Controls who
      reported a first-degree relative with ET had the highest total tremor scores. In
      Turkey, the total tremor score was higher in 7/89 (7.9%) controls with a family
      history than in 82/89 controls with no family history (3.43 +/- 4.54 vs. 1.13 +/-
      2.54, P = 0.048). All affected relatives in Turkey were first-degree.
      CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that some of the normal tremor exhibited by
      people in the population is likely to be subclinical, partially expressed ET and
      that the sphere of ET is wider than is apparent from a consideration of
      clinically diagnosed cases.

PMID- 19968705
TI  - Predictive value of ankle brachial index in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The ankle brachial index (ABI) is a known measure of lower-limb
      peripheral artery disease (PAD), as well as a marker for other cardiovascular
      disease events. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to compare the prevalence of abnormal ABI
      scores (ABI <or= 0.9) between: consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke
      (IS), primary care patients with refractory hypertension (rHT), and patients at
      intermediate cardiovascular risk (ICVR). Also, to determine the prognostic value
      of abnormal ABI for stroke recurrence in patients with IS. METHODS: We compared
      116 consecutive patients with IS with 190 rHT and 150 ICVR patients. Clinical
      data and ultrasonographic findings were recorded. Stroke recurrence and risk of
      new vascular events were assessed after 18 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Low ABI
      was more frequent in rHT (35.8%) than in the IS (24.1%) and ICVR (24.7%) groups
      (P = 0.031). Amongst patients with IS, ABI <or= 0.9 was associated with vascular
      risk factors (VRF) >or=3 (33.8% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.001) and large-artery
      atherosclerosis (LAA) (43.5% vs. 19.4%, P = 0.015). Multivariate analyses
      (logistic regression) only identified VRF > 3 as independently associated with
      low ABI (OR: 6.46; 1.81-23.02; P = 0.004). Abnormal ABI was associated with
      stroke recurrence (32.1% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.027) and the appearance of any major
      vascular event (50.0% vs. 17.0%, P < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis,
      adjusted for VRF, age, and LAA, ABI remained as an independent predictor of
      vascular events (HR 3.99; 1.90-8.41 P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Abnormal ABI was
      associated with classical risk factors, especially hypertension. The measurement
      of ABI amongst patients with IS appeared to be useful to identify high-risk
      patients and plan adequate prevention therapies.

PMID- 19968706
TI  - Epilepsy surgery in China: past, present, and future.
AB  - Since the 1990s, China has experienced a boom in epilepsy surgery. Five cities
      have established epilepsy centers, and at least one hospital in each of the 32
      provinces provides epilepsy surgical services. Epilepsy surgery in China has
      benefited from the availability of advanced non-invasive diagnostic tools to
      delineate epileptogenic lesions and epilepsy functional deficits, increased
      medical and social acceptance of epilepsy surgery, and collaborations with the
      International League Against Epilepsy, the International Bureau for Epilepsy, and
      international epilepsy centers. However, national demand for epilepsy surgery
      still far exceeds supply, and epilepsy surgery is underutilized in many
      economically underdeveloped provinces. This paper analyzes the current progress
      of epilepsy surgery in China and details necessary steps for future development.
      Specifically, the growing need for standardized quality control,
      multidisciplinary research, and continued worldwide collaboration is addressed.
      Surgical therapy for epilepsy has experienced rapid growth in recent years, but
      many patients with active epilepsy did not receive appropriate treatment in
      China. Improved epilepsy education remains an important tool to correct the
      treatment gap. Epilepsy surgery has rapidly grown in China. The establishment of
      additional epilepsy centers, enhancement of multidisciplinary cooperation,
      standardization of surgical indications and techniques, increased public
      education, and government recognition of epilepsy treatment as a medical priority
      are interventions that will improve the surgical treatment of people with
      epilepsy in China.

PMID- 19968707
TI  - Lipid profile in normal weight migraineurs - evidence for cardiovascular risk.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that migraine is associated with metabolic
      disorders. In particular, migraine may be associated with cardiovascular risk;
      however, an association of migraine with cardiovascular risk factors like
      hypercholesterolemia has been proposed, but previous studies have yielded in part
      conflicting results. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the lipid
      profile in normal weight migraine patients. METHODS: One hundred thirty-six
      probands participated in this study. The study group was divided into normal
      weight migraineurs and control groups, including normal weight controls, obese
      and overweight controls and migraineurs. Various parameters of the lipid
      metabolism and inflammatory parameters were investigated. RESULTS: We found
      significant increased cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
      and oxidized LDL-C in normal weight migraineurs. Increased oxidized LDL-C was
      associated with a 7.93-fold increased risk for migraine. Alterations in the lipid
      profile were not accompanied by increased inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS:
      We show here that normal weight migraineurs exhibit independent of aura symptoms
      an atherogenic lipid profile, which shares common features with obesity-related
      lipid alterations. Our data suggest that migraine is associated with a higher
      risk for cardiovascular disease and its clinical consequences.

PMID- 19968708
TI  - The implication of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in the pathogenesis of
      REM sleep behavior disorder.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The pathogenesis of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
      behavior disorder (RBD) is not clear despite its frequent association with
      Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated whether the nigrostriatal dopaminergic
      system is involved in the development of idiopathic RBD. METHODS: Fourteen
      patients with RBD, 14 patients with PD and 12 normal controls were included in
      the study. The diagnosis of RBD was confirmed on polysomnography. All the
      participants performed single-photon emission computed tomography imaging 3 h
      after injection of [(123)I]FP-CIT. During REM sleep of the RBD patients, each 30
      s epoch was rated as 'tonic' when there was at least 50% of tonically maintained
      chin electromyography (EMG) activity in the epoch. Phasic EMG activities were
      calculated as the percentage of 3-s mini-epoch containing phasic EMG events (leg
      and chin, separately). RESULTS: The RBD patients showed a trend of lower binding
      in the striatum than the normal controls (P = 0.07), and the significance was
      revealed in the putamen (P = 0.02). However, in 11 individual cases of the 14 RBD
      patients, the dopamine transporter (DAT) densities in the putamen still remained
      within the normal range. In the RBD patients, there was no correlation between
      EMG activities and DAT densities. CONCLUSIONS: Nigrostriatal dopaminergic
      degeneration could be a part of the pathogenesis of RBD, but not essential for
      the development of RBD. The lack of correlation between RBD severity and DAT
      densities suggests that another pathogenic process not related to nigrostriatal
      dopaminergic transmission may be implicated in RBD.

PMID- 19968709
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid and serum antibodies against neurofilaments in patients with
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess autoimmune involvement in
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS: We measured IgG antibodies against
      light (NFL) and medium (NFM) subunits of neurofilaments using ELISA in paired
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 38 ALS patients and 20 controls.
      RESULTS: Serum levels of anti-NFL were higher in ALS patients than in controls (P
      < 0.005). Serum anti-NFL antibodies and intrathecal anti-NFM antibodies were
      related to patient disability (serum anti-NFL: P < 0.05; intrathecal anti-NFM: P
      < 0.05). Anti-NFL levels were significantly correlated with anti-NFM levels in
      ALS (P < 0.001) and the control group (P < 0.0001) in the CSF, but not in serum.
      Anti-NFL and anti-NFM antibodies significantly correlated between serum and CSF
      in the ALS group (anti-NFL: P < 0.0001; anti-NFM: P < 0.001) and in the control
      group (anti-NFL: P < 0.05; anti-NFM: P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune humoral
      response to neurocytoskeletal proteins is associated with ALS.

PMID- 19968710
TI  - Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis and clinical phenotype.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In a longitudinal population-based dataset of patients
      with multiple sclerosis (MS), we have previously observed a substantial increase
      in the female to male sex ratio in Canada over the last 50 years. Here, we aimed
      to determine whether this change in sex ratio is related to the clinical course
      of MS. METHODS: We calculated sex ratios by birth year in 11 868 patients with
      relapsing-remitting (RR) MS and 2825 patients with primary progressive (PP) MS
      identified as part of the Canadian Collaborative Project on the Genetic
      Susceptibility to MS. RESULTS: Year of birth was a significant predictor for sex
      ratio in RR MS (P < 0.0001, chi(2) = 21.2; Spearman's rank correlation r = 0.67),
      but not for PP MS (P = 0.44, chi(2) = 0.6; Spearman's rank correlation r = 0.11).
      CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the number of female RR MS patients over time
      accounts for the increasing sex ratio of MS. This has implications for
      pathogenesis, for assessment of clinical trial results and for disease
      prevention. The factors underlying the selective increase in MS in females need
      to be uncovered.

PMID- 19968711
TI  - Electrical activation of the orbicularis oculi muscle does not increase the
      effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A in patients with blepharospasm.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Our primary aim in this study was to determine whether electrically
      induced activation of the injected muscle increases effectiveness of botulinum
      type A toxin (BonT-A) in patients with blepharospasm (BPS). The second aim was to
      assess the safety of BonT-A by investigating whether BonT-A injection alters the
      excitability of blink reflex circuits in the brainstem. METHODS: Twenty-three
      patients with BPS received BonT-A (Botox) injected bilaterally into the
      orbicularis oculi muscle at a standard dose. In 18 patients, electrically induced
      muscle activation of the orbicularis oculi muscle on one side was performed for
      60 min (4 Hz frequency) in a single session, immediately after BonT-A injection
      and in five patients for 60 min once a day for five consecutive days. The
      severity of BPS was assessed clinically with the BPS score. Compound muscle
      action potential (cMAPs) from the orbicularis oculi muscles were measured
      bilaterally. The blink reflex recovery cycle was studied at interstimulus
      intervals of 250 and 500 ms. Participants underwent clinical and
      neurophysiological assessment before BonT-A injection (T0) and 2 weeks thereafter
      (T1). RESULTS: Compound muscle action potential amplitude significantly decreased
      at T1 but did not differ between stimulated and non-stimulated orbicularis oculi
      in the two groups. BonT-A injection left the blink reflex recovery cycle tested
      on the stimulated and non-stimulated sides unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: In patients
      with BPS, the electrically induced muscle activation neither increases the
      effectiveness of BonT-A nor produces larger electrophysiological peripheral
      effects. The lack of BonT-A-induced changes in the blink reflex recovery cycle
      provides evidence that BonT-A therapy is safe in patients with BPS.

PMID- 19968712
TI  - The cAMP response element-binding protein in the bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis modulates the formalin-induced pain behavior in the female rat.
AB  - Abstract Differences in male and female responses to pain are widely recognized
      in many species, including humans, but the cerebral mechanisms that generate
      these responses are unknown. Using the formalin test, we confirmed that proestrus
      female rats showed nociceptive behavior, modulated by estrogen that was distinct
      from male rats, particularly during the interphase period. We then explored the
      brain areas, which were involved in the female pattern of nociceptive behavior.
      We found that, after a formalin injection and at the time corresponding to the
      behavioral interphase, the number of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding
      protein (pCREB)-immunoreactive neurons observed by immunocytochemistry increased
      in the dorsolateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTLD)
      in female but not male rats. There were no significant sex differences in pCREB
      expression following formalin in any region other than the BSTLD. The increased
      pCREB in female rats was eliminated after an ovariectomy and restored with 17beta
      estradiol treatment. Neither an orchidectomy nor 17beta-estradiol treatment
      affected the pCREB response in male rats. The increase in pCREB expression in the
      BSTLD in female rats after formalin injection was confirmed with immunoblotting.
      To determine the role of CREB in the BSTLD, adenovirus-mediated expression of a
      dominant-negative form of CREB (mCREB) was carried out. The nociceptive behavior
      during interphase was significantly attenuated by injection of virus carrying
      mCREB into the BSTLD in female rats but not in male rats. These results suggest a
      novel role for CREB in the BSTLD as a modulator of the pain response in a female
      specific, estrogen-dependent manner.

PMID- 19968714
TI  - Biopreservation of red blood cells--the struggle with hemoglobin oxidation.
AB  - One of the least recognized causes of cellular damage during ex vivo preservation
      of red blood cells is oxidative injury to the hemoglobin. The latter has been
      associated with hemolysis through the release of toxic substances and oxidation
      of vital cell components. This review delineates some of the major pathways that
      link hemoglobin oxidation and cellular damage, and summarizes the incidence of
      red blood cell oxidative injury during hypothermic storage, cryopreservation and
      desiccation stress. Red blood cell hypothermic storage, despite its success, is
      not exempt from oxidative injury. Growing evidence portrays a time-dependant
      oxidative assault including formation of reactive oxygen species, attachment of
      denatured hemoglobin to membrane phospholipids and the release of hemoglobin
      containing membrane microvesicles throughout storage. Similar symptoms have been
      observed in attempts to stabilize red blood cells in the dried state, in which
      methemoglobin levels of reconstituted red blood cells reached 50%. Factors
      affecting the rate of hemoglobin oxidation during red blood cell ex vivo storage
      include compromised antioxidant activity, high concentrations of glucose in the
      storage media and the presence of molecular oxygen. Hemoglobin oxidation largely
      dictates our ability to effectively preserve red blood cells. Understanding its
      origins along with investigating methods to minimize it can significantly improve
      the quality of our future blood products.

PMID- 19968713
TI  - Proteolytic activation and function of the cytokine Spatzle in the innate immune
      response of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta.
AB  - The innate immune response of insects includes induced expression of genes
      encoding a variety of antimicrobial peptides. The signaling pathways that
      stimulate this gene expression have been well characterized by genetic analysis
      in Drosophila melanogaster, but are not well understood in most other insect
      species. One such pathway involves proteolytic activation of a cytokine called
      Spatzle, which functions in dorsal-ventral patterning in early embryonic
      development and in the antimicrobial immune response in larvae and adults. We
      have investigated the function of Spatzle in a lepidopteran insect, Manduca
      sexta, in which hemolymph proteinases activated during immune responses have been
      characterized biochemically. Two cDNA isoforms for M. sexta Spatzle-1 differ
      because of alternative splicing, resulting in a 10 amino acid residue insertion
      in the pro-region of proSpatzle-1B that is not present in proSpatzle-1A. The
      proSpatzle-1A cDNA encodes a 32.7 kDa polypeptide that is 23% and 44% identical
      to D. melanogaster and Bombyx mori Spatzle-1, respectively. Recombinant
      proSpatzle-1A was a disulfide-linked homodimer. M. sexta hemolymph proteinase 8
      cleaved proSpatzle-1A to release Spatzle-C108, a dimer of the C-terminal 108
      residue cystine-knot domain. Injection of Spatzle-C108, but not proSpatzle-1A,
      into larvae stimulated expression of several antimicrobial peptides and proteins,
      including attacin-1, cecropin-6, moricin, lysozyme, and the immunoglobulin domain
      protein hemolin, but did not significantly affect the expression of two bacteria
      inducible pattern recognition proteins, immulectin-2 and beta-1,3-glucan
      recognition protein-2. The results of this and other recent studies support a
      model for a pathway in which the clip-domain proteinase pro-hemolymph proteinase
      6 becomes activated in plasma upon exposure to Gram-negative or Gram-positive
      bacteria or to beta-1,3-glucan. Hemolymph proteinase 6 then activates pro
      hemolymph proteinase 8, which in turn activates Spatzle-1. The resulting Spatzle
      C108 dimer is likely to function as a ligand to activate a Toll pathway in M.
      sexta as a response to a wide variety of microbial challenges, stimulating a
      broad response to infection. Structured digital abstract * MINT-7295125: Spatzle
      1A (uniprotkb:C8BMD1) and Spatzle 1A (uniprotkb:C8BMD1) bind (MI:0407) by
      comigration in gel electrophoresis (MI:0807).

PMID- 19968715
TI  - Binase cleaves cellular noncoding RNAs and affects coding mRNAs.
AB  - Bacterial RNases are promising tools for the development of anticancer drugs.
      Neoplastic transformation leads to enhanced accumulation of rRNA and tRNA, and
      altered expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs. Cleavage of RNA in cancer cells
      is the main reason for the cytotoxic effects of exogenic RNases. We have shown
      that binase, a cytotoxic ribonuclease from Bacillus intermedius, affects the
      total amount of intracellular RNA and the expression of proapoptotic and
      antiapoptotic mRNAs. For four cell lines, we visualized cellular RNA by
      fluorescence microscopy, and determined RNA levels, viability and apoptosis by
      flow cytometry. We found that the level of cellular RNA was decreased in cells
      that were sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of binase. The RNA level was lowered
      by 44% in HEK cells transfected with the hSK4 gene of the Ca(2+)-activated
      potassium channels (HEKhSK4) and by 20% in kit-transformed myeloid progenitor FDC
      P1iR1171 cells. The most significant decrease in RNA levels was registered in the
      subpopulations of apoptotic cells. However, the binase-induced RNA decrease did
      not correlate with apoptosis. Kit-transformed cells with binase-induced RNA
      decrease retained viability if the interleukin-dependent proliferation pathway
      was activated. Using quantitative RT-PCR with RNA samples isolated from the
      binase-treated HEKhSK4 cells, we found that the amount of mRNA of the
      antiapoptotic bcl-2 gene in vivo was reduced about two-fold. In contrast,
      expression of the proapoptotic genes p53 and hSK4 was increased 1.5-fold and 4.3
      fold, respectively. These results show that binase is a regulator of RNA
      dependent processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis.

PMID- 19968716
TI  - Temporal expression of heat shock genes during cold stress and recovery from
      chill coma in adult Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A common physiological response of organisms to environmental stresses is the
      increase in expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps). In insects, this process
      has been widely examined for heat stress, but the response to cold stress has
      been far less studied. In the present study, we focused on 11 Drosophila
      melanogaster Hsp genes during the stress exposure and recovery phases. The
      temporal gene expression of adults was analyzed during 9 h of cold stress at 0
      degrees C and during 8 h of recovery at 25 degrees C. Increased expression of
      some, but not all, Hsp genes was elicited in response to cold stress. The
      transcriptional activity of Hsp genes was not modulated during the cold stress,
      and peaks of expression occurred during the recovery phase. On the basis of their
      response, we consider that Hsp60, Hsp67Ba and Hsc70-1 are not cold-inducible,
      whereas Hsp22, Hsp23, Hsp26, Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp68, Hsp70Aa and Hsp83 are induced
      by cold. This study suggests the importance of the recovery phase for repairing
      chilling injuries, and highlights the need to further investigate the
      contributions of specific Hsp genes to thermal stress responses. Parallels are
      drawn between the stress response networks resulting from heat and cold stress.

PMID- 19968717
TI  - The oleic acid complexes of proteolytic fragments of alpha-lactalbumin display
      apoptotic activity.
AB  - The complexes formed by partially folded human and bovine alpha-lactalbumin with
      oleic acid (OA) have been reported to display selective apoptotic activity
      against tumor cells. These complexes were named human (HAMLET) or bovine (BAMLET)
      alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells. Here, we analyzed the OA complexes
      formed by fragments of bovine alpha-lactalbumin obtained by limited proteolysis
      of the protein. Specifically, the fragments investigated were 53-103 and the two
      chain fragment species 1-40/53-123 and 1-40/104-123, these last being the N
      terminal fragment 1-40 covalently linked via disulfide bridges to the C-terminal
      fragment 53-123 or 104-123. The OA complexes were obtained by mixing the fatty
      acid and the fragments in solution (10-fold and 15-fold molar excess of OA over
      protein fragment) or by chromatography of the fragments loaded onto an OA
      conditioned anion exchange column and salt-induced elution of the OA complexes.
      Upon binding to OA, all fragments acquire an enhanced content of alpha-helical
      secondary structure. All OA complexes of the fragment species showed apoptotic
      activity for Jurkat tumor cells comparable to that displayed by the OA complex of
      the intact protein. We conclude that the entire sequence of the protein is not
      required to form an apoptotic OA complex, and we suggest that the apoptotic
      activity of a protein-OA complex does not imply specific binding of the protein.

PMID- 19968718
TI  - CD4+ and CD8+ T cells mediated direct cytotoxic effect against Trichophyton
      rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The cellular immune system is the most dominant factor in curing
      acute dermatophytosis. However, the exact immune mechanisms involved in
      generating this defense are complex and still obscure. The aim of this study was
      to investigate the fungicidal mechanism of T cells in the normal population
      versus patients with chronic fungal infections. METHODS: Thirty patients were
      included in the study: 15 patients with chronic dermatophytosis and 15 normal
      healthy patients with a history of acute dermatophytosis. The procedures were
      performed as follows. 1) Proliferation and cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes
      cultured with various dermatophytes homogenate such as, Trichophyton rubrum,
      Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. 2) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells
      were separated by magnetic beads before culture with fresh spores of either T.
      mentagrophytes or T. rubrum. 3) Routine histology and ultrastructural study were
      performed to illustrate the mode of activity of the T cells against the
      dermatophytes. RESULTS: The study showed that both CD4 and CD8 possess cytotoxic
      activity against dermatophytes. However, the results demonstrated a suppression
      of lymphocyte proliferation response and a significant lower cytotoxic effect in
      chronic patients. Ultra structure and histological evaluation of the culture of
      hyphae with CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells showed more prominently destructive effects
      in the culture of cells that had been obtained from normal population than those
      of patients with long-lasting fungal infections. CONCLUSION: The study suggests a
      selective impairment of lymphocyte function against dermatophytes, in patients
      with chronic dermatophytoses.

PMID- 19968719
TI  - Frequent STAT3 activation is associated with Mcl-1 expression in nasal NK-cell
      lymphoma.
AB  - Nasal natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma was resistant to various antitumor
      agents. Although high expression of p-glycoprotein has been reported, other
      molecular mechanism of the chemo-resistance is largely unknown. Activation of
      STAT3 and expression of major apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Mcl-1
      were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Effects of STAT3 inhibitor AG490 on NK-YS
      cell line were analyzed by Western blotting and flow cytometric apoptosis assay.
      STAT3 was activated in six of the nine nasal NK-cell lymphomas (67%). In
      contrast, STAT3 activation was detected in 35% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
      (DLBCL) and in 10% of follicular lymphoma (FL). Frequent activation of STAT3 was
      significantly correlated with Mcl-1 expression in nasal NK-cell lymphoma, i.e.,
      Mcl-1 was positive in five of six STAT3-active cases and negative in all three
      STAT3-inactive ones. In DLBCL, not only six out of seven STAT3-active cases (86%)
      but also eight out of thirteen STAT3-inactive cases (62%) were positive for Mcl-1
      expression. Latent membrane protein-1 was positive in four nasal NK-cell
      lymphomas, among which three cases showed intermediate STAT3 activation.
      Inhibition of STAT3 activation by JAK inhibitor AG490 decreased Mcl-1 expression
      and induced apoptosis in STAT3-active NK-YS cells. Serum starvation rather
      increased the Mcl-1 level in NK-YS cells, and this effect was also canceled by
      AG490. These results suggest that activation of STAT3-Mcl-1 axis may play a role
      in the chemotherapy resistance of nasal NK-cell lymphoma. The pathway may be one
      of the future therapeutic targets of this intractable disease.

PMID- 19968720
TI  - Peripheral blood vs. bone marrow for molecular monitoring of BCR-ABL1 levels in
      chronic myelogenous leukemia, a retrospective analysis in allogeneic bone marrow
      recipients.
AB  - Molecular monitoring of the BCR-ABL1 transcript in chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML) using quantitative real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) can be performed using either
      bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB). However, a recent report by Stock et
      al. [International Journal of Oncology 28 (2006) 1099] questioned the reliability
      of PB samples for BCR-ABL1 detection as performed by RQ-PCR. We report a study on
      114 CML patients who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and
      who were monitored by RQ-PCR using paired samples of BM and PB: the total number
      of determinations was 428, with a median follow-up after transplant of 8 years.
      BCR-ABL1 transcript was undetectable or <0.1%, in 106 (49.57%) and 62 (29%)
      paired determinations, respectively. BCR-ABL1 was >0.1% in 36 (16.8%) paired
      determinations and was discordant in 10 (4.7%). Agreement between PB and BM
      results was quantified by the kappa test (k = 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.94). This study
      shows that BCR-ABL1 RQ-PCR monitoring of CML patients after ASCT with PB is
      concordant with BM in 95.3% of cases, and thus may be used to monitor the
      disease. This may be relevant when discussing both quality of life issues and the
      need for post-transplant monitoring with the patient.

PMID- 19968721
TI  - Immunophenotype of myeloid granulocytes: a pilot study for distinguishing
      myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia by flow cytometry.
AB  - It is often difficult to distinguish myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) from aplastic
      anemia (AA) because of the considerable clinical, cytologic histologic
      similarities between these two disorders; however, distinguishing between AA and
      MDS is of great importance because there is a higher risk of progression to acute
      leukemia in patients with MDS compared with AA. Up to now, CD34(+) cells in MDS
      and AA patients have been studied extensively; however, little information is
      available on myeloid granulocytes. The aim of this study was to determine whether
      immunophenotype of myeloid granulocytes in AA patients was different from that of
      MDS. Flow cytometry was used to assess the immunophenotype of myeloid
      granulocytes in 22 patients with MDS, 12 with AA, and 10 normal subjects. Our
      data showed that the percentages of CD13(+) granulocytes, CD33(+) granulocytes,
      CD34(+) granulocytes, and HLA-DR(+) granulocytes were significantly higher in
      patients with MDS than in AA patients and normal subjects (P < 0.05). The
      percentages of CD15(+) granulocytes and CD10(+) granulocytes were significantly
      lower in patients with MDS than in AA patients and normal subjects (P < 0.05).
      There were no significant differences in the expression of these markers between
      patients with AA and normal subjects (P > 0.05). As refractory anemia progressing
      to refractory anemia with excess blasts, the percentages of CD13(+) granulocytes,
      CD33(+) granulocytes, CD34(+) granulocytes and HLA-DR(+) granulocytes were
      significantly increased, whereas, the percentage of CD15(+) granulocytes was
      significantly decreased (P < 0.05). These data suggest that immunophenotype of
      myeloid granulocytes may be a useful parameter for the differential diagnosis of
      MDS and AA.

PMID- 19968722
TI  - Pro-hepcidin and iron metabolism parameters in multi-time blood donors.
AB  - A high number of blood donations may cause iron depletion. The pathophysiology
      behind this process may involve hepcidin, a recently discovered peptide that acts
      by inhibiting iron absorption and promoting iron retention in reticuloendothelial
      macrophages. The aim of this study was to determine serum pro-hepcidin levels and
      iron metabolism parameters in multi-time blood donors. The study group consisted
      of 132 multi-time male blood donors and 25 healthy male volunteers (nondonors).
      Complete blood cell count and iron status including serum iron, ferritin, soluble
      transferrin receptor (sTfR), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron
      binding capacity (UIBC), erythropoietin and pro-hepcidin (ELISA) were assessed.
      In blood donors, ferritin level drops markedly in relation to donation frequency
      (P < 0.001). In contrast, TIBC and UIBC levels increase progressively
      corresponding to annual donation frequency. Pro-hepcidin concentration increases
      significantly with the number of donations per year (P = 0.0290). In blood donors
      having donated blood with the highest frequency per year, pro-hepcidin levels
      were positively correlated with haemoglobin (R = 0.31, P < 0.05) and negatively
      with sTfR (R = -0.31, P < 0.05). Pro-hepcidin levels increase in relation to
      blood donation frequency per year. Longitudinal studies focusing on changes in
      serum hepcidin levels are required to address the question whether hepcidin may
      contribute to iron metabolism disturbances in multi-times blood donors.

PMID- 19968723
TI  - Gerontological care in nursing education programmes.
AB  - AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to identify the coverage of
      gerontological care in baccalaureate nursing education programmes. BACKGROUND:
      Although in recent years the average age of patients has increased, nurses do not
      always have the knowledge, competencies, and attitudes necessary to care for
      older people. Its complexity is not recognized. METHOD: A descriptive cross
      sectional mail survey of 17 baccalaureate nursing education programmes in
      Flanders, Belgium, was performed in 2007. FINDINGS: While there was great
      variability among nursing education programmes in terms of gerontology courses,
      clinical placements, and number of experts, it was encouraging that most
      programmes had integrated gerontology content into non-gerontology courses, all
      programmes offered gerontology clinical placements, and many nursing educators
      were considered to be experts in gerontology. Lack of interest in care for older
      people in general, lack of gerontology-related competencies within curricula, and
      a negative image of gerontological care were reported as the most frequently
      encountered barriers to incorporating gerontological care aspects into curricula.
      CONCLUSION: Because a minority of nursing students choose the gerontology
      specialist option, gerontology content in basic nursing curricula should be
      increased. A minimum standard curriculum and specific competencies for care of
      older people should be formulated for all baccalaureate nursing education
      programmes. Strengthening educators' expertise and investing in role models
      remain important priorities for the nursing profession.

PMID- 19968724
TI  - Patients with dysphagia: experiences of taking medication.
AB  - AIM: This paper is a report of a study exploring the experiences of taking
      medication for older people with dysphagia. BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a common
      problem, especially amongst older people, and affects ingestion of food, fluids
      and medicines. With the number of elders in the population increasing, and
      currently accounting for one-third of prescribing volume in the United Kingdom,
      dysphagia is becoming a major problem in terms of medicine administration and
      therapy. METHOD: In 2007, we carried out interviews with 11 patients in one
      county of England who had different degrees of dysphagia. The interview
      transcriptions were analysed using Colaizzi's technique. RESULTS: Six inter
      related themes were identified from the data: (a) the wide spectrum and
      variability of dysphagia; (b) medication formulation; (c) information exchange
      between patients and healthcare professionals; (d) factors affecting medication
      adherence; (e) strategies used to improve swallowing; (f) the central function of
      swallowing as eating and drinking. CONCLUSION: It is vital to ensure that each
      patient has an individualized medication regimen, and for patients with dysphagia
      the formulation of the medicine is as important as the active ingredients.

PMID- 19968725
TI  - Transformational experiences in adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplant
      recipients.
AB  - AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore the transformational
      experiences of adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplant recipients.
      BACKGROUND: Living-donor liver transplant was developed to overcome the shortage
      of cadaveric livers available for transplantation. However, living-donor liver
      transplant generates multifaceted psychosocial problems for recipients. METHOD:
      Data were collected from 2002 to 2004 through in-depth interviews and participant
      observations. We adopted a phenomenological approach that examined the experience
      of 30 recipients. FINDINGS: We classified the experiences into three types:
      common, innate and unrealized. Analysis of the transcripts revealed four themes,
      all with associated sub-themes. The first theme, guilt and concrete issues,
      includes anguish when thinking about survival by hurting a potential donor and
      problems associated with donor and cost. The second theme, let it happen includes
      leave it to fate; ambivalence; and worry about the donor candidate and whether
      he/she will change their mind. The third theme, pain, includes extreme physical
      and mental pain for me and the donor; and worry about cost. The fourth theme,
      balancing gains and losses, includes grateful for and hoping to enjoy my new
      life; burden of new body; difficulty in adapting to modified life plan; and
      changes in family relationships. CONCLUSION: Nursing practice should be developed
      to (1) give support to patients and their families during decision-making; (2)
      give support for the dramatic life change; (3) help recipients accept the reality
      of the transplant; and (4) help achieve the essential balance between feelings of
      attainment and loss.

PMID- 19968726
TI  - Effect of supportive care on the anxiety of women with suspected breast cancer.
AB  - AIM: This paper is a report of a study of the effect of supportive care on
      anxiety levels of women with suspected breast cancer during the diagnostic
      period. BACKGROUND: Informational and psychosocial support has been shown to
      improve care outcomes for women with breast cancer. However, little is known
      about the effect of supportive care on women's psychological status during the
      breast cancer diagnostic period. METHODS: For this longitudinal quasi
      experimental study, 122 participants were recruited from a large teaching
      hospital in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 62) received a supportive care
      programme that included health education pamphlets about breast cancer diagnosis
      and treatment, three face-to-face sessions of informational and emotional
      support, and two follow-up telephone consultations. The control group (n = 60)
      received routine care. Data were collected from October 2006 to April 2007 using
      the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline (notification of need for breast
      biopsy), before biopsy, and after receiving biopsy result (diagnosis). FINDINGS:
      After adjusting for covariance of breast discomfort, regular breast self
      examination, and biopsy result, the anxiety levels of women receiving supportive
      care were significantly lower before biopsy (P = 0.017) and after diagnosis (P =
      0.001) than those of women receiving routine care. CONCLUSION: Supportive care
      that incorporates informational and emotional support and follow-up telephone
      consultations can decrease anxiety levels of women with suspected breast cancer.
      These findings can serve as a reference for clinical nursing staff to improve
      care quality during the breast cancer diagnostic period by providing women with
      individualized and culturally sensitive care.

PMID- 19968727
TI  - Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument (HTVI): developing a tool assessing
      healthcare team functioning.
AB  - AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to refine, shorten and validate
      the Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument. BACKGROUND: The Healthcare Team Vitality
      Instrument was developed to assess team vitality of nurses as well as other
      licensed and unlicensed personnel working as part of healthcare teams in
      inpatient hospital units. This instrument was necessary for two reasons. First,
      other commonly used instruments assess characteristics of Registered Nurses or
      perceptions about and characteristics of the organizations in which they work,
      but not these factors in combination with critical factors of interdisciplinary
      team functioning and collaboration. Second, a short tool for repeated, regular
      measurement of team vitality was needed to track the impact of changes to improve
      work environments. METHOD: Revisions to the Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument
      occurred in two phases. Phase 1 entailed collecting preliminary data and
      conducting cognitive interviews to refine the initial items. During Phase 2, the
      factor structure of the Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument was identified and a
      brief form developed and validated. Data were collected in 2006 and 2007.
      FINDINGS: Exploratory factor analyses suggested a four-factor solution with the
      following dimensions: (1) support structures, (2) engagement and empowerment, (3)
      patient care transitions and (4) team communication. CONCLUSION: The Healthcare
      Team Vitality Instrument can contribute both to better management practices and
      advancing knowledge to promote retention of nurses, and to some extent other
      healthcare professionals, as well as efforts to transform the acute healthcare
      work environment.

PMID- 19968728
TI  - Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and
      peer smoking behaviour.
AB  - AIM: This paper is a report of a study assessing tobacco smoking habits among
      nursing students and how these are influenced by family members and peers.
      BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking among nursing students is a serious problem because
      of the public role model of these future healthcare professionals. METHODS: The
      smoking attitude of nursing students attending the 3 year full-time course at the
      University of Milan in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 was
      investigated. A total of 820 students filled in the self-administered
      questionnaire and 812 valid questionnaires were returned. The response rate was
      87%. RESULTS: Forty-four percent of the 812 students were tobacco smokers and 7%
      former smokers. Among the smoking students 75% had at least one smoking parent,
      47% had at least one smoking brother or sister and 87% saw smoking friends.
      CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to implement effective anti-smoking measures
      among nursing students. Decreasing the number of smokers among healthcare
      professionals would discourage people from smoking and would increase the
      credibility of anti-smoking campaigns.

PMID- 19968729
TI  - Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among enterococci
      isolated from dogs and cats in the United States.
AB  - AIMS: In this study, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and genetic
      relatedness among resistant enterococci from dogs and cats in the United States
      were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Enterococci resistant to chloramphenicol,
      ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, lincomycin,
      quinupristin/dalfopristin and tetracycline were screened for the presence of 15
      antimicrobial resistance genes. Five tetracycline resistance genes [tet(M),
      tet(O), tet(L), tet(S) and tet(U)] were detected with tet(M) accounting for
      approx. 60% (130/216) of tetracycline resistance; erm(B) was also widely
      distributed among 96% (43/45) of the erythromycin-resistant enterococci. Five
      aminoglycoside resistance genes were also detected among the kanamycin-resistant
      isolates with the majority of isolates (25/36; 69%) containing aph(3')-IIIa. The
      bifunctional aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, was detected
      in gentamicin-resistant isolates and ant(6)-Ia in streptomycin-resistant
      isolates. The most common gene combination among enterococci from dogs (n = 11)
      was erm(B), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, tet(M), while tet(O), tet(L)
      were most common among cats (n = 18). Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
      (PFGE), isolates clustered according to enterococcal species, source and
      antimicrobial gene content and indistinguishable patterns were observed for some
      isolates from dogs and cats. CONCLUSION: Enterococci from dogs and cats may be a
      source of antimicrobial resistance genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY:
      Dogs and cats may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes that can be
      transferred from pets to people. Although host-specific ecovars of enterococcal
      species have been described, identical PFGE patterns suggest that enterococcal
      strains may be exchanged between these two animal species.

PMID- 19968730
TI  - Identification of pathogenic yeast species by polymerase chain reaction
      amplification of the RPS0 gene intron fragment.
AB  - AIMS: This work focuses on the development of a method for the identification of
      pathogenic yeast. With this aim, we target the nucleotide sequence of the RPS0
      gene of pathogenic yeast species with specific PCR primers. PCR analysis was
      performed with both the genomic DNA, whole cells of clinical isolates of Candida
      species and clinical samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: A single pairs of primers,
      deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the RPS0 gene from pathogenic yeast, were
      used in PCR analysis performed with both the genomic DNA and whole cells of
      clinical isolates of Candida species and clinical samples. The primers designed
      are highly specific for their respective species and produce amplicons of the
      expected sizes and fail to amplify any DNA fragment from the other species
      tested. The set of primers was tested successfully for the identification of
      yeast from colonies, blood cultures and clinical samples. These results indicate
      that genes containing intron sequences may be useful for designing species
      specific primers for the identification of fungal strains by PCR. The sensitivity
      of the method with genomic DNA was evaluated with decreasing DNA concentrations
      (200 ng to 1 pg) and different cell amounts (10(7)-10(5) cells). CONCLUSION: The
      results obtained show that the amplification of RPS0 sequences may be suitable
      for the identification of pathogenic and other yeast species. SIGNIFICANCE AND
      IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Identification of Candida species using molecular approaches
      with high discriminatory power is important in determining adequate measures for
      the interruption of transmission of this yeast. The approach described in this
      work is based on standard technology, and it is specific, sensitive and does not
      involve complex and expensive equipment. Furthermore, the method developed in
      this work not only can be used in eight yeast species, but also provides the
      basis to design primers for other fungi species of clinical, industrial or
      environmental interest.

PMID- 19968731
TI  - High redox potential laccases from the ligninolytic fungi Pycnoporus coccineus
      and Pycnoporus sanguineus suitable for white biotechnology: from gene cloning to
      enzyme characterization and applications.
AB  - AIMS: Exploitation of natural biodiversity in species Pycnoporus coccineus and
      Pycnoporus sanguineus to screen for a new generation of laccases with properties
      suitable for the lignin-processing sector. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty strains
      originating from subtropical and tropical environments, mainly isolated from
      fresh specimens collected in situ, were screened for laccase activity. On the
      basis of levels of enzyme activity and percentage of similarity between protein
      sequences, the laccases from strains BRFM 938, BRFM 66 and BRFM 902 were selected
      for purification and characterization. Each BRFM 938, BRFM 66 and BRFM 902
      laccase gene encoded a predicted protein of 518 amino acids; the three deduced
      proteins showed 68.7-97.5% similarity with other Polyporale laccases. The three
      laccases (59.5-62.9 kDa with 7-10% carbohydrate content) had high redox
      potentials (0.72-0.75 V vs normal hydrogen electrode at pH 6), remained highly
      stable up to 75-78 degrees C and at pH 5-7 mixtures, and were resistant to methyl
      and ethyl alcohols, acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide at concentrations as high
      as 50% (v/v). The best laccase-1-hydroxybenzotriazole systems permitted almost
      100% of various polyphenolic dye decolourization and oxidation of adlerol and
      veratryl alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: The three laccases showed complementary
      biochemical features. BRFM 938 laccase had the highest thermo- and pH stability,
      catalytic efficiency towards 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate] and
      resistance to alcoholic solvents. BRFM 66 laccase had the highest rates of dye
      decolourization and oxidation of nonphenolic compounds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT
      OF THE STUDY: This study identified P. coccineus and P. sanguineus as outstanding
      producers of high redox potential laccases, easy to purify and scale-up for
      industrial production. Three new laccases proved to be suitable models for white
      biotechnology processes and for further molecular breeding to create a new
      generation of tailor-made enzymes.

PMID- 19968732
TI  - Molybdate reduction by Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY2.
AB  - AIMS: To isolate and characterize a potent molybdenum-reducing bacterium. METHODS
      AND RESULTS: A minimal salt medium supplemented with 10 mmol l(-1) molybdate,
      glucose (1.0%, w/v) as a carbon source and ammonium sulfate (0.3%, w/v) as a
      nitrogen source was used in the screening process. A molybdenum-reducing
      bacterium was isolated and tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY2
      based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA
      molecular phylogeny. Strain DRY2 produced 2.4, 3.2 and 6.2 times more molybdenum
      blue compared to Serratia marcescens strain DRY6, Enterobacter cloacae strain 48
      and Eschericia coli K12, respectively. Molybdate reduction was optimum at 5 mmol
      l(-1) phosphate. The optimum molybdate concentration that supported molybdate
      reduction at 5 mmol l(-1) phosphate was between 15 and 25 mmol l(-1). Molybdate
      reduction was optimum at 40 degrees C and at pH 6.0. Phosphate concentrations
      higher than 5 mmol l(-1) strongly inhibited molybdate reduction. Inhibitors of
      electron transport system such as antimycin A, rotenone, sodium azide and cyanide
      did not inhibit the molybdenum-reducing enzyme activity. Chromium, copper,
      mercury and lead inhibited the molybdenum-reducing activity. CONCLUSIONS: A novel
      molybdenum-reducing bacterium with high molybdenum reduction capacity has been
      isolated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Molybdenum is an emerging global
      pollutant that is very toxic to ruminants. The characteristics of this bacterium
      suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of molybdenum pollutant.

PMID- 19968733
TI  - Differentiation of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli using
      colony immunoblot for detection of bundle-forming pilus expression.
AB  - AIMS: The aim of study was to develop a colony immunoblot assay to differentiate
      typical from atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) by detection of
      bundle-forming pilus (BFP) expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Anti-BFP antiserum
      was raised in rabbits and its reactivity was confirmed by immunoelectron
      microscopy and by immunoblotting recognizing bundlin, the major pilus repeating
      subunit. The bacterial isolates tested in the colony immunoblot assay were grown
      in different media. Proteins from bacterial isolates were transferred to
      nitrocellulose membrane after treatment with phosphate buffer containing Triton X
      100, EDTA and sodium chloride salts. When 24 typical EPEC and 96 isolates
      including, 72 atypical EPEC, 13 Gram-negative type IV-expressing strains and 11
      enterobacteriaceae were cultivated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium agar
      containing fetal bovine serum or in blood agar in the presence of CaCl(2) , they
      showed a positivity of 92 and 83%, and specificity of 96 and 97%, respectively.
      CONCLUSION: The assay enables reliable identification of BFP-expressing isolates
      and contributes to the differentiation of typical and atypical EPEC. SIGNIFICANCE
      AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The colony immunoblot for BFP detection developed in
      this study combines the simplicity of an immunoserological assay with the high
      efficiency of testing a large number of EPEC colonies.

PMID- 19968734
TI  - Imatinib treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST).
AB  - Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of
      the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs are believed to originate from intersticial
      cells of Cajal (the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract) or related
      stem cells, and are characterized by KIT or platelet-derived growth factor
      receptor alpha (PDGFRA) activating mutations. The use of imatinib has
      revolutionized the management of GIST and altered its natural history,
      substantially improving survival time and delaying disease progression in many
      patients. The success of imatinib in controlling advanced GIST led to interest in
      the neoadjuvant and adjuvant use of the drug. The neoadjuvant (preoperative) use
      of imatinib is recommended to facilitate resection and avoid mutilating surgery
      by decreasing tumour size, and adjuvant therapy is indicated for patients at high
      risk of recurrence. The molecular characterization (genotyping) of GISTs has
      become an essential part of the routine management of the disease as KIT and
      PDGFRA mutation status predicts the likelihood of achieving response to imatinib.
      However, the vast majority of patients who initially responded to imatinib will
      develop tumour progression (secondary resistance). Secondary resistance is often
      related to secondary KIT or PDGFRA mutations that interfere with drug binding.
      Multiple novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be potentially useful for the
      treatment of imatinib-resistant GISTs as they interfere with KIT and PDGFRA
      receptors or with the downstream-signalling proteins.

PMID- 19968735
TI  - Vascular endothelial growth factor and substrate mechanics regulate in vitro
      tubulogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells.
AB  - Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the circulatory system have been suggested
      to maintain vascular homeostasis and contribute to adult vascular regeneration
      and repair. These processes require that EPCs break down the extracellular matrix
      (ECM), migrate, differentiate and undergo tube morphogenesis. Evidently, the ECM
      plays a critical role by providing biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate
      cellular behaviour. Using a chemically and mechanically tunable hydrogel to study
      tube morphogenesis in vitro, we show that vascular endothelial growth factor
      (VEGF) and substrate mechanics co-regulate tubulogenesis of EPCs. High levels of
      VEGF are required to initiate tube morphogenesis and activate matrix
      metalloproteinases (MMPs), which enable EPC migration. Under these conditions,
      the elasticity of the substrate affects the progression of tube morphogenesis.
      With decreases in substrate stiffness, we observe decreased MMP expression while
      increased cellular elongation, with intracellular vacuole extension and
      coalescence to open lumen compartments. RNAi studies demonstrate that membrane
      type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) is required to enable the movement of EPCs on the matrix and
      that EPCs sense matrix stiffness through signalling cascades leading to the
      activation of the RhoGTPase Cdc42. Collectively, these results suggest that
      coupled responses for VEGF stimulation and modulation of substrate stiffness are
      required to regulate tube morphogenesis of EPCs.

PMID- 19968737
TI  - Cellular dysfunction in inflammatory-related vascular disorders' review series.
      The inflammatory process: a new dimension of a 19 century old story.

PMID- 19968736
TI  - The coagulation factor Xa/protease activated receptor-2 axis in the progression
      of liver fibrosis: a multifaceted paradigm.
AB  - Hepatic fibrosis is a common response to virtually all forms of chronic liver
      injury independent of the etiologic agent. Despite the relatively large
      population of patients suffering from hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, no
      efficient and well-tolerated drugs are available for the treatment of this
      disorder. The lack of efficient treatment options is at least partly because the
      underlying cellular mechanisms leading to hepatic fibrosis are only partly
      understood. It is thus of pivotal importance to better understand the cellular
      processes contributing to the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Interestingly in
      this perspective, a common feature of fibrotic disease of various organs is the
      activation of the coagulation cascade and hepatic fibrosis is also accompanied by
      a local hypercoagulable state. Activated blood coagulation factors directly
      target liver cells by activating protease-activated receptors (PAR) thereby
      inducing a plethora of cellular responses like (among others) proliferation,
      migration and extracellular matrix production. Coagulation factor driven PAR
      activation thus establishes a potential link between activation of the
      coagulation cascade and the progression of fibrosis. The current review focuses
      on blood coagulation factor Xa and summarizes the variety of cellular functions
      induced by factor Xa-driven PAR-2 activation and the subsequent consequences for
      tissue repair and hepatic fibrosis.

PMID- 19968738
TI  - The vicious circle between oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis.
AB  - The initial event in atherogenesis is the increased transcytosis of low density
      lipoprotein, and its subsequent deposition, retention and modification in the
      subendothelium. It is followed by the infiltration of activated inflammatory
      cells from the coronary circulation into the arterial wall. There they secrete
      reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produce oxidized lipoproteins capable of
      inducing endothelial cell apoptosis, and thereby plaque erosion. Activated T
      lymphocytes, macrophages and mast cells, accumulate in the eroded plaque where
      they secrete a variety of proteases capable of inducing degradation of
      extracellular proteins, thereby rendering the plaques more prone to rupture. This
      review summarizes the recent advancements in the understanding of the roles of
      ROS and oxidized lipoproteins in the activation of inflammatory cells and
      inducing signalling pathways related to cell death and apoptosis. In addition, it
      presents evidence that this vicious circle between oxidative stress and
      inflammation does not only occur in the diseased arterial wall, but also in
      adipose tissues. There, oxidative stress and inflammation impair adipocyte
      maturation resulting in defective insulin action and adipocytokine signalling.
      The latter is associated with increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, loss
      of anti-oxidant protection and cell death in the arterial wall.

PMID- 19968739
TI  - The effect of cleft lip on socio-emotional functioning in school-aged children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Children with cleft lip are known to be at raised risk for socio
      emotional difficulties, but the nature of these problems and their causes are
      incompletely understood; longitudinal studies are required that include
      comprehensive assessment of child functioning, and consideration of developmental
      mechanisms. METHOD: Children with cleft lip (with and without cleft palate) (N =
      93) and controls (N = 77), previously studied through infancy, were followed up
      at 7 years, and their socio-emotional functioning assessed using teacher and
      maternal reports, observations of social interactions, and child social
      representations (doll play). Direct and moderating effects of infant attachment
      and current parenting were investigated, as was the role of child communication
      difficulties and attractiveness. RESULTS: Children with clefts had raised rates
      of teacher-reported social problems, and anxious and withdrawn-depressed
      behaviour; direct observations and child representations also revealed
      difficulties in social relationships. Child communication problems largely
      accounted for these effects, especially in children with cleft palate as well as
      cleft lip. Insecure attachment contributed to risk in both index and control
      groups, and a poorer current parenting environment exacerbated the difficulties
      of those with clefts. CONCLUSIONS: Children with clefts are at raised risk for
      socio-emotional difficulties in the school years; clinical interventions should
      focus on communication problems and supporting parenting; specific interventions
      around the transition to school may be required. More generally, the findings
      reflect the importance of communication skills for children's peer relations.

PMID- 19968740
TI  - Crevicular fluid glutathione levels in periodontitis and the effect of non
      surgical therapy.
AB  - AIM: To quantify reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels in
      gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontitis patients pre-therapy (versus
      periodontally healthy controls) and ascertain whether successful non-surgical
      therapy alters glutathione levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-second GCF
      samples (6/subject) were collected on Periopaper() strips from starved, non
      smokers (n=20; mean age 43.6 years) with chronic periodontitis, before and 3
      months after non-surgical therapy, and periodontally healthy, age- and gender
      matched controls (n=20). GSH and GSSG levels were determined using reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. RESULTS:
      Lower concentrations of GSH (p<0.01) and GSSG (p<0.05) were detected in GCF from
      patients (pre- and post-therapy) than controls and treatment had no significant
      effect. Amounts per 30-second sample did not differ between patients and
      controls. However, the amount of GSSG per 30-second sample decreased in patients
      after therapy (p<0.05). Consequently, therapy increased the GSH:GSSG ratio
      (p<0.05) in patients compared with the controls (p=0.8). CONCLUSION: These data
      demonstrate high concentrations of GSH within GCF, which are compromised in
      chronic periodontitis. While therapy does not appear to fully restore GSH
      concentrations in GCF, it does restore the redox balance (GSH:GSSG ratio),
      suggesting that the abnormal redox balance arises secondary to oxidative stress
      resulting from periodontal inflammation.

PMID- 19968741
TI  - Effect of periodontal treatment on metabolic control, systemic inflammation and
      cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal
      therapy on the circulating concentration of high-sensitivity capsule-reactive
      protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and
      tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and on the metabolic control in type 2
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three T2DM
      patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. Periodontal
      clinical parameters, namely visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index,
      bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment levels, were
      evaluated. Blood samples for plasma were collected and assessed for the levels of
      hs-CRP, FIB, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. The glycated haemoglobin
      (HbA(1c)) and fasting plasma glucose were also measured. All parameters were
      evaluated before and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS:
      All clinical parameters were significantly improved 3 months after the
      periodontal therapy. A univariate comparison showed a tendency towards a decrease
      of the measured biomarkers, most pronounced for TNF-alpha and FIB, after therapy.
      Periodontal treatment also reduced HbA(1c) and hs-CRP levels, albeit not
      significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The clinically successful non-surgical periodontal
      therapy tended to reduce systemic inflammation and the concentration of some
      circulating cytokines.

PMID- 19968742
TI  - Immunoglobulin A deficiency and oral health status: a case-control study.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is important for mucosal health. Selective
      IgA deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency but its effect
      on oral health is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate dental,
      periodontal and oral mucosal health in IgAD individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In
      total, 32 adult IgAD subjects were compared with 63 randomly selected
      individuals. Participants answered questionnaires regarding general and oral
      health and underwent oral examination, including examination using the
      periodontal screening and recording (PSR) system and dental examination using the
      DMF system. RESULTS: The IgAD individuals had significantly more often undergone
      tonsillectomy (44%versus 24%, p=0.046) and adenoidectomy (31%versus 8%, p=0.003)
      compared with the controls. Furthermore, the IgAD subjects reported having
      pharyngitis, stomatitis and herpes labialis significantly more often. There was
      no significant difference in periodontal health (mean PSR index; 1.87 versus
      1.77) or dental health (mean DMFS; 51.3 versus 53.7) between the two cohorts. A
      positive correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and severity of
      periodontitis was found (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: IgAD predisposes to oral mucosal
      infections but does not influence periodontal or dental health. This is the first
      controlled study to include detailed clinical history and investigations,
      together with full oral and dental examination, in adults with IgAD.

PMID- 19968743
TI  - Treatment of class III multiple gingival recessions: a randomized-clinical trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this controlled randomized split-mouth study was to
      evaluate whether a modified tunnel/connective tissue graft (CTG) technique -
      enamel matrix derivative (EMD) combination will improve the treatment of multiple
      class III recession when compared with the same technique alone. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects with a mean age of 31.7 years, were enrolled for
      the trial in a university periodontal clinic. Patients with at least three
      adjacent gingival recessions on both sides of the mouth were treated with a
      modified tunnel/CTG technique. On the test side, an EMD was used in addition.
      Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 28 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after
      the surgery. Results are presented at the subject level. RESULTS: The mean root
      coverage from baseline to 1 year post-surgery was 82% for the test group and 83%
      for the control group. Complete root coverage was achieved at 1 year in eight
      (38%) of the 20 surgeries (experimental and control group). CONCLUSIONS: One-year
      results indicate that the modified tunnel/CTG technique is predictable for the
      treatment of multiple class III recession-type defects. The addition of EMD does
      not enhance the mean clinical outcomes.

PMID- 19968744
TI  - Influential factors of prognosis in lamivudine treatment for patients with acute
      on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global
      health issue, and the prognosis of patients with HBV-associated acute-on-chronic
      hepatic failure (ACLF) is extremely poor. In this study, the efficacy of
      lamivudine was investigated in patients with ACLF. The effects of HBV DNA load
      and its related factors on the prognosis were also further explored. METHODS: A
      matched retrospective cohort study using data on ACLF patients derived from our
      hospital database was conducted. One hundred and thirty patients receiving
      lamivudine were selected into the lamivudine treatment group with another 130
      without lamivudine treatment studied as control. They were matched for sex, age
      and imaging finding with the lamivudine treatment group. All the patients were
      followed up for 3 months and the survival rates were compared. The influential
      factors on the mortality were studied by the Cox proportional hazards model.
      RESULTS: The cumulative survival rates of patients in the lamivudine group were
      higher than those of the control group (chi(2) = 9.50, P = 0.0021). The mortality
      of patients in the high virus load group (71/95, 74.7%) was higher than that of
      those in the low virus load group (15/29, 51.7%) (chi(2) = 5.536, P = 0.019). For
      patients with a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 20-30 by week
      4, the mortality of those with HBV DNA that was undetectable or declined for more
      than 2 log(10) (2/12, 16.7%; 18/40, 45.0%) was lower than that of those with a
      less than 2 log(10) decline (18/23, 78.3%) (chi(2) = 10.106, P = 0.001). In the
      Cox proportional hazards model, for patients with a MELD score of 20-30,
      treatment method (P = 0.002), pretreatment HBV DNA load (P = 0.007) and decline
      of HBV DNA load during therapy (P = 0.003) were independent predictors; for those
      with a MELD score of above 30, MELD score (P = 0.008) was the only independent
      predictor. CONCLUSION: Lamivudine can significantly decrease the 3-month
      mortality of patients with a MELD score of 20-30, and a low pretreatment viral
      load and rapid decline of HBV DNA load are good predictors for the outcome of the
      treatment.

PMID- 19968745
TI  - Four hundred and twenty-three consecutive adults piggy-back liver
      transplantations with the three suprahepatic veins: was the portal systemic shunt
      required?
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study is to analyze a single-center
      experience in orthotopic liver transplantation with the piggy-back technique (PB)
      realized with a cuff of three veins without temporary portacaval shunt. Outcome
      parameters were graft and patient survival and the surgical complications.
      METHODS: The records of 423 liver transplantation in 396 adult recipients were
      reviewed. PB was performed in all cases also in patients with transjugular
      intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and redo transplants without temporary
      portacaval shunt. No hemodynamic instability was observed during venous
      reconstruction. RESULTS: Operation time, cold ischemia time and anhepatic phase
      were, respectively, 316, 606 and 82 min, respectively. The mean intraoperative
      transfusion of packed red blood cells was 3.2 (range 1-48). Surgical
      complications were observed in 25% of the orthotopic liver transplantation and 2%
      of these was related to caval anastomosis. No case of caval thrombosis was
      observed; a stenosis was noted in seven patients, always treated with an
      endovascular approach. A postoperative ascites was observed in seven cases.
      Retransplantation was required in 6.3% patients. Overall in-hospital mortality
      was 5.3%, but no patient died through technical problems or complications related
      to PB procedure. One-, 3- and 5-year grafts and patients were 94%, 83% and 75%,
      and 92%, 86% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This experience indicates that
      our approach is feasible with a low specific risk and can be performed without
      portacaval shunt, with minimal outflow venous complications.

PMID- 19968747
TI  - Low-grade dysplasia component in early invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the
      esophagus.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It has not been determined whether low-grade squamous
      dysplasia (LGD) of the esophagus is a precancerous lesion or not. If LGD
      progresses to squamous cell carcinoma, early carcinoma lesions that have such a
      natural history might contain a remaining LGD component. METHODS: The lesions in
      the 68 patients with early invasive squamous cell carcinoma who underwent
      endoscopic mucosal resection were examined for the presence of an LGD component.
      If LGD components were observed, the degrees of architectural and cytological
      abnormalities of LGD components and those of tumor invasive fronts in the same
      lesions were studied. The degrees of abnormalities of 28 small LGD lesions were
      also studied. RESULTS: Histological examination of resected specimens confirmed
      LGD components in 43% of the squamous cell carcinoma lesions. The lesions of
      lamina propria mucosae (m2) cancer contained a significantly broader area of LGD
      component than did the lesions of muscularis mucosae (m3) and submucosal layer
      (sm) cancer (P = 0.037). Mean score for the degrees of cytological abnormalities
      of LGD component was similar to that of tumor invasive front (P = 0.457) and
      significantly higher than that of small LGD lesions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our
      results indicate the possibility that the lesion was formed by a combination of
      small lesions that arose as a multicentric occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma
      and dysplasia. Our results also suggest that an LGD component would transform to
      carcinoma along with tumor progression. However, the concept of 'basal cell layer
      type carcinoma in situ' may be suitable for squamous cell lesions with a high
      degree of cytological abnormalities confined to the lower half of the epithelium.

PMID- 19968746
TI  - Electrogastrographic characteristics in subjects with stomach remnant.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Slow wave (SW) is an essential component in mediating
      stomach motility. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the SW
      characteristics in subjects with stomach remnant. METHODS: We consecutively
      enrolled 58 distal radical subtotal gastrectomy (RSG) patients (male/female:
      44/14, age: 33-79 years) to receive an electrogastrographic (EGG) measurement.
      Their Helicobacter pylori status and dyspeptic score were simultaneously
      assessed. In addition, EGG data of 58 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were
      compared. Based on power spectral analysis, the following EGG parameters were
      derived: dominant frequency (DF)/power (DP), percentage of normal rhythm (2-4
      cpm), power ratio (PR) referring the postprandial power change, etc. RESULTS:
      Visual analysis occasionally found a short period of approximately 11 cpm
      myoelectricity-like rhythm. Distal RSG patients had lower fasting (1.90 +/- 0.69
      vs 2.97 +/- 0.58 cpm, P < 0.001) and postprandial (2.03 +/- 0.72 vs 3.35 +/- 0.27
      cpm, P < 0.001) DF values, while their fasting (36.2 +/- 22.3% vs 67.1 +/- 23.4%,
      P < 0.001) and postprandial (33.4 +/- 19.9% vs 82.2 +/- 16.7%, P < 0.001)
      percentages of normal rhythms were diminished. In contrast, fasting DP, its meal
      response and PR (2.99 +/- 2.40 vs 2.45 +/- 2.63, NS) were comparable to those of
      controls. Neither gender, age, type of gastroenterostomy, Helicobacter pylori
      colonization, dyspeptic score nor elapsed time after surgery had an obvious
      influence on EGG parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Distal RSG patients may have decreased
      SW frequency and less meal ingestion changed EGG parameters in terms of SW
      frequency, normality and stability, whereas their EGG power remained unchanged
      irrespective of meal ingestion.

PMID- 19968748
TI  - Does a small biopsied gastric specimen limit the usage of two directional
      transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy?
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is difficult to approach certain gastric regions due to
      the limited bending ability of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (TN-EGD). We
      analyzed the TN-EGD biopsied specimens according to where they were obtained
      inside the stomach. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-nine gastric biopsy specimens
      were obtained during diagnostic TN-EGD. The gastric biopsied specimens were
      quantified according to their diameter and depth in micrometers, and depth in
      layers (superficial mucosa, deep mucosa, muscularis mucosa and submucosa). The
      quality was measured by the degrees of anatomical orientation (good, intermediate
      and poor), presence of crush artifact (none to minimal, mild and moderate) and
      overall diagnostic adequacy (adequate, suboptimal and inadequate). RESULTS: Poor
      orientation, presence of crush and overall diagnostic inadequacy were present in
      33 (11.4%), 26 (9.0%) and 37 (12.8%) of the 289 specimens, respectively. Deep
      mucosa was present in 211 specimens (73.0%), while muscularis mucosa was present
      in only 75 specimens (26.0%). Specimens taken from the posterior aspect of the
      cardia exhibited the shallowest depth (P = 0.011), poorest orientation (P <
      0.001) and poorest diagnostic adequacy (P < 0.001). Fluoroscopic findings
      demonstrated that the posterior aspect of the cardia was difficult to approach
      closely and perpendicularly because of the anatomical configuration of the
      stomach in nature. CONCLUSION: TN-EGD biopsied specimens obtained from the
      posterior aspect of the cardia exhibit limitations in both quality and quantity.
      When performing a biopsy using two directional TN-EGD, special attention should
      be paid to gastric lesions located on the posterior aspect of the cardia.

PMID- 19968749
TI  - Roles of Fyn in pancreatic cancer metastasis.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Src family kinases have been suggested to be associated with
      the metastasis of tumors, but their related mechanisms remain unclear. The aims
      of the present study were to assess the possible mechanisms by which the
      inhibition of Fyn activation regulates pancreatic cancer metastasis. METHODS: We
      examined the expressions of Fyn in human pancreatic cancer tissues by
      immunohistochemistry and systematically investigated the relationship between Fyn
      expression and pancreatic cancer metastasis. A nude mouse xenograft model induced
      by BxPC3 cells with or without the inhibition of Fyn activation was used to
      explore the effect of the inhibition of Fyn on metastasis in vivo. Methyl
      thiazolyl tetrazolium and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-labeling assays
      were used to examine the effect of the inhibition of Fyn on the cell
      proliferation of BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Reverse transcription
      polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to explore the
      possible mechanism of Fyn-induced metastasis. RESULTS: We found that the
      upregulation of Fyn expression was correlated with human pancreatic cancer
      metastasis. In BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cells, the inhibition of Fyn activation by
      kinase-dead Fyn transfection decreased liver metastasis in nude mice. Further
      analyses showed that Fyn activity modulated pancreatic cell metastasis through
      the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a
      possible mechanism by which Fyn activity regulates cell proliferation and
      apoptosis that exerts an effect on pancreatic cancer metastasis.

PMID- 19968750
TI  - Histological evaluation of intracapsular venous invasion for discrimination
      between portal and hepatic venous invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIM: Histological criteria for intracapsular venous invasion (IVI)
      that would allow its discrimination between portal and hepatic venous invasion in
      hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been established. METHODS: We evaluated
      IVI immunohistochemically to discriminate between portal and hepatic venous
      invasion in 89 resected specimens from patients with HCC. IVI was defined as the
      microscopic involvement of the vessels within the fibrous capsule of HCC. The
      hepatic venous system was subdivided into the central vein and the
      sublobular/hepatic vein. Immunohistochemical analysis with the D2-40 monoclonal
      antibody revealed lymphatic vessels. RESULTS: In non-neoplastic liver tissues,
      the portal veins (n = 4355) were accompanied by lymphatic vessels (99.7%), bile
      ductules (100%) and arteries (96%), whereas the central veins (n = 3932) and
      sublobular/hepatic veins (n = 662) were rarely accompanied by lymphatic vessels
      (0% and 17%, respectively) and bile ductules (12% and 33%, respectively). In
      total, 29 IVI foci were detected; three foci were clearly visible within vessels
      that contained a distinct layer of connective tissue fibers, signifying
      sublobular/hepatic venous invasion. As the remaining 26 foci were accompanied by
      lymphatic vessels (26/26 [100%]), bile ductules (21/26 [81%]) and arteries (10/26
      [38%]), these foci were considered to reflect intracapsular portal venous
      invasion rather than venous invasion of the central vein. Intracapsular portal
      venous invasion was significantly associated with extratumoral portal venous
      invasion (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: D2-40 immunoreactivity for the histological
      evaluation of IVI in HCC allows discrimination between portal and hepatic venous
      invasion for cases in which portal venous invasion predominates.

PMID- 19968752
TI  - Molecular characterization and gene disruption of a novel zinc-finger protein,
      HIT-4, expressed in rodent brain.
AB  - To identify a novel regulatory factor involved in brain development or synaptic
      plasticity, we applied the differential display PCR method to mRNA samples from
      NMDA-stimulated and un-stimulated neocortical cultures. Among 64 cDNA clones
      isolated, eight clones were novel genes and one of them encodes a novel zinc
      finger protein, HIT-4, which is 317 amino acid residues (36-38 kDa) in length and
      contains seven C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. Rat HIT-4 cDNA exhibits strong homology
      to human ZNF597 (57% amino acid identity and 72% homology) and identity to rat
      ZNF597 at the carboxyl region. Furthermore, genomic alignment of HIT-4 cDNA
      indicates that the alternative use of distinct promoters and exons produces HIT-4
      and ZNF597 mRNAs. Northern blotting revealed that HIT-4 mRNA (approximately 6 kb)
      is expressed in various tissues such as the lung, heart, and liver, but enriched
      in the brain, while ZNF597 mRNA (approximately 1.5 kb) is found only in the
      testis. To evaluate biological roles of HIT-4/ZNF597, targeted mutagenesis of
      this gene was performed in mice. Homozygous (-/-) mutation was embryonic lethal,
      ceasing embryonic organization before cardiogenesis at embryonic day 7.5.
      Heterozygous (+/-) mice were able to survive but showing cell degeneration and
      vacuolization of the striatum, cingulate cortex, and their surrounding white
      matter. These results reveal novel biological and pathological roles of HIT-4 in
      brain development and/or maintenance.

PMID- 19968751
TI  - Bmi-1 is critical for the proliferation and invasiveness of gastric carcinoma
      cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bmi-1 is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the
      Polycomb group and is associated with the cell proliferation and carcinogenesis
      of a variety of human cancers. The level of Bmi-1 expression correlates with the
      aggressiveness of many cancers, and is considered an important marker for cancer
      diagnosis. However, its role in gastric carcinoma is unknown. METHODS: We used
      lentiviral mediated interfering short hairpin RNA to knockdown Bmi-1 expression
      in gastric carcinoma human gastric cancer cell line (AGS cells), then tested the
      cell proliferation by MTT assay, rate of colony formation by colony formation
      assay, cell cycle distribution by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cell
      invasiveness by cell invasion assay. To analyze the expression and localization
      of Bmi-1 in gastric tumor tissues, we further performed the immunohistochemistry
      analysis on a gastric cancer tissue array. RESULTS: We found that knocking down
      Bmi-1 led to slower cell growth, lesser cell invasiveness, decelerated colony
      formation, and altered cell cycle progression. In addition, a positive
      relationship between nuclear expression of Bmi-1 and gastric cancer was observed,
      suggesting that nucleus localization of Bmi-1 in the cells may be a novel marker
      of gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights critical roles for Bmi-1 in
      gastric cancer, and suggests that Bmi-1 nuclear localization could be an
      important marker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

PMID- 19968753
TI  - Reductions of acetylcholine release and nerve growth factor expression are
      correlated with memory impairment induced by interleukin-1beta administrations:
      effects of omega-3 fatty acid EPA treatment.
AB  - Interleukin (IL)-1beta may play an important role in Alzheimer's disease.
      However, the relationships between glucocorticoids and acetylcholine (ACh), and
      between neurotrophins and ACh in IL-1-induced memory deficits are unknown. While
      ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (E-EPA) has recently been reported to reduce inflammation
      and improve memory, cholinergic and neurotrophic mechanisms by which E-EPA
      improves memory is unclear. This study evaluated: (i) the correlation between ACh
      release and memory impairment; (ii) the effect of glucocorticoids on ACh release;
      (iii) the relationship between nerve growth factor (NGF) and inflammation; and
      (iv) the effects of E-EPA treatment on IL-1beta-induced changes.
      Intracerebroventricular IL-1beta administrations produced a significant reduction
      in hippocampal ACh release in rats fed control diet, which was partially
      attenuated by mifepristone (RU 486) and completely blocked by IL-1 receptor
      antagonist. In eight-arm radial maze, significantly less ACh release was
      correlated with the memory deficits after IL-1beta administrations. mRNA
      expression of hippocampal NGF was lower, whereas IL-1beta was higher when
      compared with controls. E-EPA treatment significantly improved the memory, which
      was correlated with normalizing ACh release, and expressions of NGF and IL-1beta.
      This study revealed important mechanisms by which IL-1beta impairs, while E-EPA
      improves memory through IL-1-glucocorticoid-ACh release and IL-1-NGF-ACh release
      pathways.

PMID- 19968754
TI  - Identification of amino acids in the pore region of Kv1.2 potassium channel that
      regulate its glycosylation and cell surface expression.
AB  - The Kv1.4 potassium channel is reported to exhibit higher cell surface expression
      than the Kv1.1 potassium channel when expressed as a homomer in cell lines. Kv1.4
      also shows highly efficient trans-Golgi glycosylation whereas Kv1.1 is not
      glycosylated. The surface expression and glycosylation of Kv1.2 is intermediate
      between those of Kv1.1 and Kv1.4. Amino acid determinants controlling the surface
      expression of Kv1 channels were localized to the highly conserved pore region and
      both positive and negative determinants of Kv1.1 and Kv1.4 trafficking have been
      reported. In this study, we analyzed the effect of substituting amino acids in
      the pore region of Kv1.2 with the corresponding amino acid present in Kv1.1 or
      Kv1.4 on glycosylation and trafficking of Kv1.2. Mutations in the outer pore
      region of Kv1.2 of Arg(354) to Pro (corresponding to Kv1.4) and to Ala
      (corresponding to Kv1.1) enhanced and reduced, respectively, cell surface
      expression of Kv1.2. Mutations in a different outer pore region of Val(381) to
      Lys (Kv1.4) and Tyr (Kv1.1) both reduced the cell surface expression. In
      contrast, mutation in the deep pore region of Ser(371) to Thr (Kv1.4) markedly
      enhanced cell surface expression. These results suggest that the cell surface
      expression of Kv1.2 is regulated by specific amino acids in the pore region in a
      similar manner to Kv1.1 and Kv1.4, and that the cell surface expression of Kv1.2,
      a channel intermediate between Kv1.1 and Kv1.4, can be attributed to these
      specific residues.

PMID- 19968755
TI  - Neuferricin, a novel extracellular heme-binding protein, promotes neurogenesis.
AB  - We identified a novel extracellular heme-binding protein and named it
      neuferricin. The recombinant mouse neuferricin produced in High Five cells was
      secreted efficiently into the culture medium. Mouse neuferricin mRNA was
      expressed mainly in the brain at the embryo stage and gradually increased during
      development. At postnatal stage, it was widely expressed in the brain, heart,
      adrenal gland, and kidney. Mouse neuferricin has 263 amino acids. It has a
      cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid-binding domain and appeared to bind hemin because
      neuferricin solution, but not a solution of neuferricinDeltaHBD (a mutant lacking
      the heme-binding domain), was tinged with brown and had an absorbance peak at 402
      nm. In addition, the experiment with anti-neuferricin antibody using heme
      affinity chromatography proved that the endogenous neuferricin detected in the
      culture medium of Neuro2a cells was associated with hemin. Inhibition of
      endogenous neuferricin by RNA interference excessively promoted cell survival and
      proliferation and suppressed neurite outgrowth during the induction of
      differentiation in Neuro2a cells. Addition of recombinant mouse neuferricin, but
      not neuferricinDeltaHBD, suppressed survival of Neuro2a cells and rescued from
      the effects of neuferricin RNAi. In primary cultured mouse neural precursor
      cells, recombinant mouse neuferricin exhibited the ability to promote
      neurogenesis. The identification of neuferricin, a novel extracellular heme
      binding protein with cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid-binding domain and its
      neurogenic activity, provide new insights not only into brain development but
      also the function of heme-binding proteins as extracellular signal transmitters.

PMID- 19968757
TI  - d-Serine enhancement of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium increases in rat retinal
      ganglion cells.
AB  - NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation is enhanced by d-serine or glycine acting at a
      specific binding site. Previous work has shown d-serine enhancement of NMDAR
      currents in retinal ganglion cells. One of the major functions of most NMDA
      channels is to permit calcium influx into cells. We show that d-serine enhances
      glutamate-induced calcium responses in immunopanned retinal ganglion cells. This
      effect was specific to NMDA receptors as similar results were found with NMDA,
      but not kainate, and was reduced or blocked by modulators of the NMDAR coagonist
      binding site. d-Serine and glycine enhanced glutamate-induced calcium responses
      in a dose-dependent manner and at equimolar concentrations there was no
      difference in the efficacy of the coagonists. In isolated retinas NMDA-induced
      calcium responses were enhanced by d-serine coapplication in 46% of ganglion
      cells. Endogenous d-serine degradation by treatment with d-amino acid oxidase
      caused a approximately 45% decrease in the NMDA-induced response that could be
      reversed by coapplication with d-serine. d-Serine and glycine were equally
      effective in enhancing glutamatergic calcium responses. Endogenous d-serine
      contributes to NMDAR activation in retinal wholemounts and some but not all
      retinal ganglion cells may experience saturating levels of d-serine or glycine.

PMID- 19968756
TI  - CREB-dependent Nur77 induction following depolarization in PC12 cells and neurons
      is modulated by MEF2 transcription factors.
AB  - Expression of the nuclear orphan receptor gene Nur77 in neuronal cells is induced
      by activity-dependent increases in intracellular Ca2+ ions. Ca2+ responsiveness
      of the Nur77 gene has been attributed to two distinct DNA regulatory regions that
      recruit the transcription factors cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)
      and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2). Here we used dominant interfering and
      constitutively active mutants of CREB and MEF2 proteins to assess their relative
      contribution to depolarization-induced Nur77 expression in undifferentiated PC12
      cells and hippocampal neurons. We show that while CREB is necessary for Ca2+
      activated Nur77 expression MEF2 functions to modulate CREB-dependent Nur77
      expression by acting as a repressor in quiescent cells.

PMID- 19968759
TI  - Neuropeptidomic analysis establishes a major role for prohormone convertase-2 in
      neuropeptide biosynthesis.
AB  - Prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) functions in the generation of neuropeptides from
      their precursors. A quantitative peptidomics approach was used to evaluate the
      role of PC2 in the processing of peptides in a variety of brain regions.
      Altogether, 115 neuropeptides or other peptides derived from secretory pathway
      proteins were identified. These peptides arise from 28 distinct secretory pathway
      proteins, including proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, prodynorphin,
      protachykinin A and B, procholecystokinin, and many others. Forty one of the
      peptides found in wild-type (WT) mice were not detectable in any of the brain
      regions of PC2 knockout mice, and another 24 peptides were present at levels
      ranging from 20% to 79% of WT levels. Most of the other peptides were not
      substantially affected by the mutation, with levels ranging from 80% to 120% of
      WT levels, and only three peptides were found to increase in one or more brain
      regions of PC2 knockout mice. Taken together, these results are consistent with a
      broad role for PC2 in neuropeptide processing, but with functional redundancy for
      many of the cleavages. Comparison of the cleavage sites affected by the absence
      of PC2 confirms previous suggestions that sequences with a Trp, Tyr, and/or Pro
      in the P1' or P2' position are preferentially cleaved by PC2 and not by other
      enzymes present in the secretory pathway.

PMID- 19968758
TI  - Initial calcium release from intracellular stores followed by calcium
      dysregulation is linked to secondary axotomy following transient axonal stretch
      injury.
AB  - Acute axonal shear and stretch in the brain induces an evolving form of
      axonopathy and is a major cause of ongoing motor, cognitive and emotional
      dysfunction. We have utilized an in vitro model of mild axon bundle stretch
      injury, in cultured primary cortical neurons, to determine potential early
      critical cellular alterations leading to secondary axonal degeneration. We
      determined that transient axonal stretch injury induced an initial acute increase
      in intracellular calcium, principally derived from intracellular stores, which
      was followed by a delayed increase in calcium over 48 h post-injury (PI). This
      progressive and persistent increase in intracellular calcium was also associated
      with increased frequency of spontaneous calcium fluxes as well as cytoskeletal
      abnormalities. Additionally, at 48 h post-injury, stretch-injured axon bundles
      demonstrated filopodia-like sprout formation that preceded secondary axotomy and
      degeneration. Pharmacological inhibition of the calcium-activated phosphatase,
      calcineurin, resulted in reduced secondary axotomy (p < 0.05) and increased
      filopodial sprout length. In summary, these results demonstrate that stretch
      injury of axons induced an initial substantial release of calcium from
      intracellular stores with elevated intracellular calcium persisting over 2 days.
      These long-lasting calcium alterations may provide new insight into the earliest
      neuronal abnormalities that follow traumatic brain injury as well as the key
      cellular changes that lead to the development of diffuse axonal injury and
      secondary degeneration.

PMID- 19968760
TI  - RhoE stimulates neurite-like outgrowth in PC12 cells through inhibition of the
      RhoA/ROCK-I signalling.
AB  - Neurite formation involves coordinated changes between the actin cytoskeleton and
      the microtubule network. Rho GTPases are clearly implicated in several aspects of
      neuronal development and function. Indeed, RhoA is a negative regulator of
      neurite outgrowth and its effector Rho-kinase mediates the Rho-driven neurite
      retraction. Considering that RhoE/round protein (Rnd3) acts antagonistically to
      RhoA and it is also able to bind and inhibit rho kinase-I (p160ROCK) - ROCK-I, it
      is tempting to speculate a role of RhoE in neurite formation. We show for the
      first time that, in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), RhoE induces
      neurite-like outgrowth. Our results demonstrate that over-expression of RhoE
      decreases the activity of RhoA and reduces the expression of both ROCK-I and the
      phosphorylated myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCPp). Conversely, over
      expression of either active RhoA or ROCK-I abolishes the RhoE-promoted neurite
      outgrowth, suggesting that RhoE induces neurite-like formation through inhibition
      of the RhoA/ROCK-I signalling. We also show that Rac and Cdc42 have a role in
      RhoE-induced neurite outgrowth. Finally, the present data further indicate that
      RhoE may be involved in the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, as
      depletion of RhoE by siRNA reduces the neurite formation induced by NGF. These
      findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism implicated in neuronal
      development and may provide novel therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative
      disorders.

PMID- 19968761
TI  - Regulation of stargazin synaptic trafficking by C-terminal PDZ ligand
      phosphorylation in bidirectional synaptic plasticity.
AB  - Stargazin is a transmembrane alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic
      acid (AMPA) receptor regulatory protein that controls the surface and synaptic
      expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Synaptic anchoring of
      AMPARs is influenced by the interaction between stargazin's C-terminal post
      synaptic density-95 (PSD-95)/discs large/zona occludens-1 (PDZ) ligand and the
      synaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95. Phosphorylation of the stargazin PDZ ligand
      by protein kinase A (PKA) disrupts stargazin's interaction with PSD-95, but
      whether this phosphorylation plays a role in activity-dependent regulation of
      stargazin/AMPAR synaptic trafficking is unknown. Here, we show that stargazin is
      phosphorylated within the PDZ ligand at threonine residue 321 (T321) by mitogen
      activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as PKA. By expressing constructs that
      selectively block T321 phosphorylation by either PKA or MAPKs, we show that
      stargazin T321 phosphorylation is required for activity-dependent changes in
      stargazin synaptic clustering in dissociated rat hippocampal neuron cultures.
      Specifically, we find that mutations that block stargazin T321 phosphorylation by
      PKA prevent activity-dependent increases in stargazin synaptic clustering,
      whereas a point mutant that blocks MAPK phosphorylation of T321 prevents activity
      dependent decreases in stargazin synaptic clustering. Taken together, our studies
      implicate phosphorylation of stargazin T321 by PKA and MAPKs in bidirectional
      control of stargazin/AMPAR synaptic clustering during synaptic plasticity.

PMID- 19968763
TI  - Purification of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 from bovine brain and its calcium
      dependent activation.
AB  - Ceramide is produced by sphingomyelinase (SMase) and it plays a key role in
      cellular responses such as apoptosis. In this study, we report the purification
      and characterization of neutral SMase2 (nSMase2) from bovine brain tissue. Triton
      X-100 extracts of bovine brain membranes were purified in nine steps, including
      sequential chromatography. The specific activity of purified nSMase increased
      8183-fold over the brain membrane fraction. Purified nSMase showed similarities
      to nSMase2, which had been purified and cloned previously. Interestingly,
      purified nSMase2 was Ca2+-dependent and could be activated by micromolar
      concentrations of Ca2+ under Mg2+-free conditions. Ceramide generation was
      dependent upon the calcium ionophore A23187 and was observed in nSMase2-over
      expressing COS-7 cells. This generation was suppressed by GW4869, an nSMase2
      inhibitor, but not to fumonisin B(1), an inhibitor of the de novo ceramide
      synthesis pathway. The present study demonstrates the Ca2+-dependent activation
      of nSMase2.

PMID- 19968762
TI  - BACE1 and BACE2 enzymatic activities in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - beta-Secretase is the rate limiting enzymatic activity in the production of the
      amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) and is thought to be involved in Alzheimer's disease
      (AD) pathogenesis. Although BACE1 (beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme 1, EC 3.4.23.46)
      has received significant attention, the related BACE2 (EC 3.4.23.45) has not.
      Though BACE2 is also expressed in the brain, its potential role in AD has not
      been resolved. In this study, we compared the activities of both BACE1 and BACE2,
      which were isolated from the same samples of frontal cortex from both AD-affected
      individuals and age-matched controls. BACE1 activity showed a significant
      positive correlation with the amount of extractable Abeta, and BACE1 protein and
      activity were significantly increased in AD cases. Unexpectedly, there were
      substantial total amounts of BACE2 protein and enzymatic activity in the human
      brain. BACE2 activity did not change significantly in the AD brain, and was not
      related to Abeta concentration. These data indicate that BACE1 likely accounts
      for most of the Abeta produced in the human brain, and that BACE2 activity is not
      a likely contributor. However, as both forms of BACE compete for the same
      substrate pool, even small changes in BACE2 activity could have consequences for
      human disease.

PMID- 19968764
TI  - Masticatory jaw movement optimization after introduction of occlusal
      interference.
AB  - How 'control' characteristics of masticatory jaw movement, such as skilfulness of
      the movement, change after alteration in occlusion remains uncertain. For each of
      10 healthy adults with good occlusion, an occlusal interference with artificial
      'tooth-cusp' was introduced to the crown of the upper molar tooth on the non
      working side of unilateral chewing. Mandibular incisor-point movements were then
      recorded by a 3D tracking device. The introduction of the occlusal interference
      induced a remarkable increase in the normalized jerk-cost (NJC), prolonged
      duration of the decelerative phase and lowered peak velocity for jaw closing
      movement during chewing. Overall, the NJC and velocity profile showed significant
      recoveries during the course of about 90 repetitive chewing cycles performed
      under the altered occlusal condition. These findings suggest that acute adaptive
      changes of jaw motion after introduction of occlusal interference might be
      characterized as the recovery process of movement skilfulness in terms of
      movement smoothness and velocity profile.

PMID- 19968765
TI  - Indications for jaw gape-related control of relative muscle activation in sequent
      chewing strokes.
AB  - Jaw muscle activity ratios in unilateral isometric biting differ from ratios of
      unilateral chewing but approach the latter if the jaw gape in biting is made as
      small as the minimum interocclusal distance (MID) of chewing. Especially, the
      masseter working/balancing side ratio (W/B-ratio) becomes as asymmetric as in
      chewing, because of reduction in balancing side (BS) masseter activity. This
      behaviour of ratios might reflect a 'chewing-specific' motor strategy induced
      when isometric biting is performed with a 'chewing-like' gape. If this hypothesis
      applies, activity ratios should be associated with MIDs of sequent chewing
      strokes in a similar manner as with incremented jaw gapes in isometric biting. To
      test this prediction, bilateral surface electromyograms of masseter and anterior
      temporalis muscles and incisor movements were recorded during unilateral chewing
      in 52 subjects. W/B-ratios of masseter and temporalis activities and
      temporalis/masseter-ratios on both sides were calculated. The ratios were related
      to MIDs of consecutive chewing cycles. Three of the four ratios were associated
      with masticatory MID in the same manner as with jaw gape in isometric biting. In
      particular with decreasing MID, the masseter W/B-ratio increased from 1.5 to 2.2
      (P < 0.01). This increase in asymmetry was attributed to a stronger decrease in
      masseter activity on the BS than on the working side. We conclude that relative
      jaw muscle activation is associated with interocclusal distance in a similar way
      in isometric biting and in chewing. This analogy supports the idea of a common
      jaw gape-related neuromuscular strategy facilitated by afferent signalling of
      interocclusal distance.

PMID- 19968766
TI  - Comparing masticatory performance and mixing ability.
AB  - Masticatory performance has often been measured by determining an individual's
      capacity to comminute a test food. Another method to determine masticatory
      performance, which is now widely used, evaluates the ability to mix and knead a
      food bolus. Two-coloured chewing gum and paraffin wax have been used as test
      foods for the quantification of the mixing ability. The aim of our study was to
      compare the results obtained with the comminution of an artificial test food and
      the results obtained from mixing of a two-coloured chewing gum. The degree of
      mixing of the colours of the chewing gum was quantified with an optical method.
      Twenty young subjects with a natural dentition (average age 24 years) and twenty
      elderly subjects, mostly with complete dentures (average age 72 years),
      participated in the study. Significant differences in masticatory performance
      between the two groups were detected with both methods. However, the comminution
      test was better in discriminating the masticatory performance of the two groups.
      The mixing ability test with the two-coloured chewing gum proofed to be a good
      method to determine masticatory function in subjects with a compromised
      masticatory performance (elderly subjects). However, the method appeared to be
      less suitable for subjects with a good masticatory performance (young subjects).

PMID- 19968767
TI  - Fracture resistance of roots prosthetically restored with intra-radicular posts
      of different lengths.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the fracture resistance of roots that
      were prosthetically restored with intra-radicular posts of different lengths.
      Forty-five bovine incisors were sectioned 17 mm from their apices, endodontically
      treated and randomly divided into three experimental groups: GI, fibreglass posts
      luted at a depth of 12 mm; GII, 8 mm and GIII, 4 mm. All posts were luted with
      dual resin cement. Resin composite cores were prepared with standardized
      measurements, and all teeth were restored with metal crowns. The samples were
      submitted to the fracture resistance test in a universal testing machine, at an
      angle of 135 degrees and speed of 0.5 mm min(-1), until fracture occurred. The
      data, in MPa, were submitted to the analysis of variance (anova) followed by
      Tukey's test (alpha = 0.01). No statistically significant difference (P > 0.01)
      was found between GI (129.72 +/- 12.14) and GII (154.3 +/- 12.08), which
      presented the highest fracture resistance values. Group GIII (100.5 +/- 8.07)
      showed lower fracture resistance (P < 0.01) when compared with GI and GII. Within
      the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the post lengths influenced
      the fracture resistance of prosthetically restored roots. These results suggest
      that it is not necessary to perform excessive intra-radicular post-space
      preparation to improve the fracture resistance of roots.

PMID- 19968768
TI  - Oral sensorial complaints, salivary flow rate and mucosal lesions in the
      institutionalized elderly.
AB  - The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of oral sensorial
      complaints, salivary flow rate and oral mucosal lesions in the institutionalized
      and non-institutionalized elderly. The study included 280 institutionalized and
      61 non- institutionalized elderly people. Dry mouth, burning mouth sensations,
      taste disturbances, salivary flow rate and oral mucosal lesions were assessed and
      compared between groups. A greater number of the institutionalized elderly had
      dry mouth (P = 0.001) and taste disturbance (P = 0.035) compared to non
      institutionalized elderly. The institutionalized elderly also had significantly
      lower salivary flow rate (P < 0.0001). Positive correlation was found between
      salivary flow rate and perception of dry mouth in the institutionalized elderly
      (r(s) = 0.26; P < 0.05), as well as in the non-institutionalized elderly (r(s) =
      0.35; P < 0.05). Moreover, positive correlation was observed between salivary
      flow rate and the sensation of burning mouth in the institutionalized elderly
      (r(s) = 0.13; P < 0.05) and non-institutionalized elderly (r(s) = 0.31; P <
      0.05). The number of institutionalized elderly people with oral mucosal diseases
      was higher compared with non-institutionalized ones (P = 0.01). The most common
      oral mucosal lesions in both groups were related to wearing dentures. It can be
      concluded that the institutionalized elderly are significantly affected with oral
      sensorial complaints, including dry mouth and taste disturbance, as well as
      decreased salivary flow rate and oral mucosal diseases compared with the non
      institutionalized elderly.

PMID- 19968769
TI  - Association analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase G894T gene polymorphism
      and erectile dysfunction complaints in a population-based survey.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder leading to a
      serious, negative impact on the quality of the patient's life. The gene encoding
      endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an interesting candidate gene for
      understanding the physiopathology of ED, as it is involved in the catalytic
      production of nitric oxide (NO), the neurotransmitter that plays a critical role
      in penile tumescence and erection. AIM: To evaluate a potential association
      between the G894T polymorphism in the eNOS gene and ED complaints in a population
      based sample in Sao Paulo, Brazil. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of ED
      complaints was estimated according to the answer to the question "How would you
      describe your ability to get and keep an erection that is adequate for
      satisfactory intercourse?" ED was considered to be present if the response was
      "sometimes" or "never." METHODS: A total of 449 men were enrolled in the study
      and answered an eight-item questionnaire to ascertain sexual performance/ED and
      satisfaction. The eNOS G894T polymorphism was genotyped using a standard
      polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated that
      ED was associated with diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea severity, increasing
      age and body mass index, as well as testosterone levels (P < 0.05). Forward
      multiple regression models indicated that age was the only independent factor
      associated with ED in this population (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% CI 1.06-1.11; P <
      0.0001). Genotypic and allelic analyses provided no evidence for an association
      between this polymorphism and the risk for ED complaints in this sample.
      Population stratification did not affect the association test results.
      CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to examine the effect of polymorphisms in
      the eNOS gene and the risk for ED utilizing a case-control approach in the
      Brazilian population. Our results do not support a major role for eNOS gene
      polymorphisms in ED in this population.

PMID- 19968770
TI  - Level of bother and treatment-seeking predictors among male and female in
      patients with sexual problems: a hospital-based study.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Despite its importance for epidemiological and clinical reasons,
      relatively few studies investigated determinants of bother or distress associated
      with sexual problems. AIM: To assess perception of bother from sexual concerns
      and examine its role in predicting treatment-seeking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The
      Brief Sexual Symptom Checklist and two single-item questions were used to assess
      type of sexual problems, level of bother, and treatment-seeking behavior.
      METHODS: Participants were recruited by selecting all sequentially eligible
      patients in each of the hospital's clinics. The scales used were drawn from the
      Hospitalized and Outpatients' Profile and Expectations Study survey instrument.
      Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate
      logistic regression models. RESULTS: In total 415 inpatients (48% men and 52%
      women) participated in the study. A high prevalence of male and female sexual
      problems was obtained (more than 50%) with a high degree of overlap among the
      various sexual problems. Common profiles included lack of desire and arousal or
      orgasmic problems in the women (8-9%); erectile dysfunction (ED) and low desire
      in the men (21.7%). Forty-five percent and 34% of our male and female
      participants, respectively, reported moderate or severe bother with its level
      declining with aging only in women (P < 0.001). Degree of bother was strongly
      associated with ED (P = 0.005) and curved penis (P = 0.02) in men, and with
      difficulties reaching orgasm (P = 0.01) in women. In both genders, bother
      increased the likelihood of willingness to discuss the sexual problem with a
      physician (odds ratio [OR] 10.66 for men and OR 4.35 for women); only in women,
      bother was associated with treatment seeking (OR 2.81). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual
      dysfunctions are not always associated with increased bother or dissatisfaction,
      a condition that influences treatment-seeking behavior. Such findings are of
      clinical importance as they aid physicians in establishing a diagnosis of a
      sexual disorder.

PMID- 19968771
TI  - The association between sexual satisfaction and body image in women.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Although sexual functioning has been linked to sexual satisfaction,
      it only partially explains the degree to which women report being sexually
      satisfied. Other factors include quality of life, relational variables, and
      individual factors such as body image. Of the few studies that have investigated
      the link between body image and sexual satisfaction, most have considered body
      image to be a single construct and have shown mixed results. AIM: The present
      study assessed multiple body image variables in order to better understand which
      aspects of body image influence multiple domains of sexual satisfaction,
      including sexual communication, compatibility, contentment, personal concern, and
      relational concern in a community sample of women. METHODS: Women between the
      ages of 18 and 49 years in sexual relationships (N = 154) participated in an
      Internet survey that assessed sexual functioning, five domains of sexual
      satisfaction, and several body image variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body image
      variables included the sexual attractiveness, weight concern, and physical
      condition subscales of the Body Esteem Scale, the appearance-based subscale of
      the Cognitive Distractions During Sexual Activity Scale, and body mass index.
      Total score of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women was the main outcome
      measure. Sexual functioning was measured by a modified Female Sexual Function
      Index. RESULTS: Consistent with expectations, correlations indicated significant
      positive relationships between sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction, and all
      body image variables. A multiple regression analysis revealed that sexual
      satisfaction was predicted by high body esteem and low frequency of appearance
      based distracting thoughts during sexual activity, even after controlling for
      sexual functioning status. CONCLUSION: Several aspects of body image, including
      weight concern, physical condition, sexual attractiveness, and thoughts about the
      body during sexual activity predict sexual satisfaction in women. The findings
      suggest that women who experience low sexual satisfaction may benefit from
      treatments that target these specific aspects of body image.

PMID- 19968772
TI  - Sexual activity of Belgian gay men.

PMID- 19968774
TI  - Development and validation of a 6-item version of the female sexual function
      index (FSFI) as a diagnostic tool for female sexual dysfunction.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: A limiting step in the evaluation of female sexual dysfunction
      (FSD) is the availability of a rapid screening procedure. Often, practitioners
      avoid investigating sexual symptoms due to concerns of insufficient time or lack
      of proper tools to address FSD. AIM: The purpose of this study was to prepare and
      validate an abridged form of the most popular psychometric diagnostic test
      (Female Sexual Function Index, FSFI-19) to provide a fast screener of FSD for
      easy use in outpatient visits, epidemiological studies, and assessment of
      treatment response. METHODS: We interviewed and administered the FSFI-19 to 200
      women attending outpatient clinics for sexual and reproductive medicine. Forty
      women were excluded because they had no sexual activity or failed to attend the
      retest visit. Patients were evaluated on two subsequent visits to validate the
      abridged form of the questionnaire. Overall, 105 were found to suffer from a FSD.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We assessed, individually, the sensibility and sensitivity
      of all questions of the full-length FSFI. We then estimated the performance of
      each item with respect to the specific sexual domain they address. By selecting
      the best combination of performing items in each domain, we built an abridged, 6
      item form of the FSFI. RESULTS: The Receiver Operating Characteristic curves of
      the FSFI-6 showed that women who scored <or=19 were classified as having FSD.
      Using the cut-off of 19, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were, 0.93
      and 0.94, respectively. Reliability, internal consistency, and stability on
      retest were also good. CONCLUSIONS: The abridged FSFI-6 is a valuable tool for
      screening women that are likely to suffer from FSD. In six simple questions,
      taking no more than 3 minutes, a score of less than 19 indicates the need for
      further investigations, including the full-length FSFI-19 and a dedicated
      interview. In conclusion, this is a novel tool that can help any doctor to
      disclose FSD rapidly and efficiently.

PMID- 19968773
TI  - Sexual dysfunction in an Internet sample of U.S. men who have sex with men.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Relatively little is known about sexual dysfunction (SD) in men who
      have sex with men (MSM). AIM: In order to better understand SD symptoms in MSM,
      we assessed self-reported SD symptoms, individually and by latent class analysis
      (LCA). METHODS: In 2004-2005 an Internet sample of U.S. MSM was recruited from
      gay-oriented sexual networking, chat and news websites. The analytic sample
      comprised 7,001 men aged 18 or older who reported lifetime male sex partners and
      oral or anal sex with a male partner in their most recent encounter within the
      past year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Seven questions on SD symptoms that occurred
      during the past 12 months inquired about low sexual desire, erection problems,
      inability to achieve an orgasm, performance anxiety, premature ejaculation, pain
      during sex, and sex not being pleasurable. RESULTS: Self-reported symptoms of SD
      were high. Overall, 79% of men reported one or more SD symptoms in the past year,
      with low sexual desire, erection problems, and performance anxiety being the most
      prevalent. Four distinct underlying patterns of sexual functioning were
      identified by LCA: no/low SD, erection problems/performance anxiety, low
      desire/pleasure, and high SD/sexual pain. High SD/sexual pain was distinguished
      from the other patterns by club drug use and use of prescription and non
      prescription erectile dysfunction medication before sex in the past year.
      Additionally, men associated with the high SD/sexual pain group were younger,
      single, more likely to have poor mental and physical health, and more likely to
      have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection in the past year
      compared to men in the no/low SD group. CONCLUSIONS: LCA enabled us to identify
      underlying patterns of sexual functioning among this sample of MSM recruited
      online. Future research should investigate these distinct subgroups with SD
      symptoms in order to develop tailored treatments and counseling for SD.

PMID- 19968775
TI  - Sexual function after loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical
      dysplasia.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is an effective tool
      for management of cervical dysplasia. However, removal of a part of the cervix
      might have a negative impact on sexual function. AIM: To examine the effect of
      LEEP on overall sexual satisfaction and other specific aspects of sexual function
      in women with cervical dysplasia. METHODS: Eighty-nine premenopausal women with
      cervical dysplasia who had undergone LEEP at least 3 months previously were
      interviewed once on post-LEEP follow-up visits with a questionnaire on pre- and
      post-procedural sexual function. Data on frequency of sexual intercourse, the
      presence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and postcoital bleeding were compared
      using the McNemar test. Data on specific aspects of sexual function rated by the
      6-point Likert scale were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURE: The main outcome is the overall sexual intercourse satisfaction.
      RESULTS: The mean age was 41.7 years. The median interval from LEEP to the time
      of interview was 29.3 weeks. The time of resumption of sexual intercourse after
      LEEP was 8.1 weeks on the average. The changes in the frequency of sexual
      intercourse, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia after LEEP were not statistically
      significant. The changes in overall satisfaction, vaginal elasticity, and
      orgasmic satisfaction appeared statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:
      Having LEEP done along with other "non-surgical" parts of cervical pre-cancer
      management is associated with small but statistically significant decreases in
      overall sexual satisfaction, vaginal elasticity, and orgasmic satisfaction when
      interviewed near to the procedure at 29.3 weeks post-operation. However, the
      changes on other aspects of sexual function are insignificant. The LEEP procedure
      itself appears to have a minimal, if any, clinically important adverse effect on
      sexual function.

PMID- 19968776
TI  - The effects of experimentally-induced sad and happy mood on sexual arousal in
      sexually healthy women.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: In depressed women, common sexual difficulties include decreased
      sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasmic difficulties, reduced sexual
      satisfaction, and reduced sexual pleasure. Experimental research on the influence
      of depressed mood on genital and subjective sexual arousal in women is scarce.
      AIM: To investigate the effects of sad mood on genital and subjective sexual
      arousal in sexually healthy women, using a mood induction procedure. METHOD:
      Thirty-two subjects received a sad mood and a happy mood induction, on two
      different days, using a within subjects design. The mood induction procedure was
      a combination of the Velten procedure and music. In the Velten procedure, the
      subject is asked to read sad or happy self-referent sentences and to experience
      the mood suggested by these sentences. Immediately following mood induction, the
      subjects were exposed to an erotic film clip. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Genital
      arousal was assessed using vaginal photoplethysmography. Self-report ratings of
      sad and happy mood, subjective sexual arousal and affective reactions were
      collected before and after the erotic clip. RESULTS: The sad and happy mood
      ratings indicated that the mood inductions affected mood as intended. No
      difference in genital sexual arousal was found between the sad and happy mood
      conditions. Subjects reported significantly less subjective sexual arousal and
      positive affect and marginally significant fewer genital sensations and more
      negative affect in the sad mood condition than in the happy mood condition.
      CONCLUSIONS: The results provide empirical support for the idea that mood can
      impact on subjective sexual arousal in women.

PMID- 19968777
TI  - Identification and characterization of a novel peptide interacting with cAMP
      responsive elements binding and cAMP-responsive elements modulator in mouse
      liver.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transcription factors coupled to cyclic adenosine mono phosphate
      (cAMP) signalling in the cAMP-responsive elements binding (CREB)/ATF family
      constitute a family of activators or repressors that bind to cAMP-responsive
      promoter elements (CREs) in the regulatory regions of cAMP-inducible genes. A
      role for CREB/ATF family has been advocated in the control of hepatocellular
      carcinoma progression. CREB appears to be activated by the X protein of hepatitis
      B virus, which links to the unphosphorylated form of CREB and activates
      transcription, thus obviating an otherwise indispensable Ser-133 phosphorylation.
      Identification of factors capable of triggering transcription via cAMP-responsive
      elements modulator (CREM)/CREB signalling in the absence of Ser phosphorylation
      will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanism of liver cell
      proliferation. METHODS: To isolate and study proteins binding and activating CREB
      and/or CREM in the liver, we performed the screening of a mouse liver cDNA
      library using the Two-Hybrid System. RESULTS: We report the identification and
      characterization of a novel peptide, VTIP-peptide (VTIP-P), which binds and
      enhances the activation of CREM/CREB, obviating the need for transcription factor
      phosphorylation. We demonstrated that VTIP-P physically interacts with the
      activation domain (AD) of the transcription factors CREB/CREM and activates
      transcription by modifying their phosphorylation pattern in hepatoma cells. The
      data allowed the conclusion that VTIP-P binds the AD of CREB and CREM by
      stabilizing their phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: The characterization of molecules
      capable of interfering in the liver with an important pathway such as CREB could
      be significant in designing and/or developing new therapeutic approaches to the
      control of liver cell proliferation.

PMID- 19968778
TI  - The recent reduction in mortality from bleeding oesophageal varices is primarily
      observed from Days 1 to 5.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several new treatments of bleeding oesophageal varices (BOV) have
      been introduced during the last 25 years; among these are vasoactive drugs,
      improved endoscopic techniques and prophylactic antibiotics. AIMS: The aim was to
      compare clinical outcomes based on Baveno IV criteria in two patient-cohorts
      (1983-1987, n=56 and 2000-2007, n=111) with respect to control of bleeding,
      rebleeding and mortality after a first episode of BOV. Further, we wanted to
      assess whether an eventual reduction in bleeding-related mortality occurred
      within the first 5 days or between Days 6 and 42 after the bleeding episode.
      METHODS: Data from medical records were collected, according to the Baveno IV
      criteria, on key events: type of treatment, failure to control bleeding, failure
      to prevent rebleeding, 5-day and 6-week mortality. RESULTS: Six-week mortality
      decreased from 30.4 to 17.1% [odds ratio (OR) 0.44; 0.21-0.95] with a reduction
      in 5-day mortality from 17.9 to 6.3% (OR 0.31; 0.11-0.86). A non-significant
      reduction was seen in the 5-day failure rate to control bleeding from 35.7 to
      26.1%. Mortality and failure to prevent rebleeding Days 6-42 decreased from 15.2
      to 11.5% (NS) and 22.2 to 10.7% (NS) respectively. Mean length of hospital stay
      decreased from 14.6 +/- 12.5 to 9.1 +/- 9.0 days (P<0.01) and mean number of
      cumulated blood transfusions within the first 5 days decreased from 5.0 +/- 4.8
      to 3.6 +/- 3.9 (P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study on individual
      patient records, we observed a decrease in mortality from BOV over the last 20
      years, which seems mainly owing to a reduction in 5-day mortality; mortality at
      Days 6-42 remained unaffected.

PMID- 19968780
TI  - The cut-off value of 100 mg/dl is insufficient to detect heterozygous alpha-1
      antitrypsin-deficient liver disease patients.

PMID- 19968779
TI  - Adipokines in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

PMID- 19968781
TI  - dUTP pyrophosphatase expression correlates with a poor prognosis in
      hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis,
      partly owing to the lack of biomarkers that support its classification in line
      with its malignant nature. To discover a novel molecular marker that is related
      to the efficacy of treatment for HCC and its biological nature, we performed
      serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in HCC, normal liver and cirrhotic
      liver tissues. METHODS: Gene expression profiles of HCC tissues and non-cancerous
      liver tissues were obtained by SAGE. Suppression of the target gene by RNA
      interference was used to evaluate its role in HCC in vitro. The relation of the
      identified marker and prognosis was statistically examined in surgically resected
      HCC patients. RESULTS: We identified significant overexpression of DUT, which
      encodes dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase), in HCC tissue, and this was confirmed in
      about two-thirds of the HCC samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain
      reaction (n=20). Suppression of dUTPase expression using short interfering RNAs
      inhibited cell proliferation and sensitized HuH7 cells to 5-fluorouracil
      treatment. Nuclear dUTPase expression was observed in 36.6% of surgically
      resected HCC samples (n=82) evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and its expression
      was significantly correlated with the histological grades (P=0.0099). Notably,
      nuclear dUTPase expression correlated with a poor prognosis with statistical
      significance (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.08-5.66; P=0.032). CONCLUSION: Taken together,
      these results suggest that nuclear dUTPase may be a good biomarker for predicting
      prognosis in HCC patients after surgical resection. Development of novel dUTPase
      inhibitors may facilitate the eradication of HCC.

PMID- 19968782
TI  - Atrophy of mesenteric sympathetic innervation may contribute to splanchnic
      vasodilation in rat portal hypertension.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Portal hypertension is associated with downregulation of
      mRNA and proteins involved in adrenergic transmission in the superior mesenteric
      artery (SMA) in portal vein-ligated (PVL) and cirrhotic rats. We aimed to
      investigate whether SMA adrenergic dysfunction was accompanied by sympathetic
      nerve structural changes and whether it was extensive to resistance mesenteric
      arteries. We also attempted to localize the origin of mRNA of specific adrenergic
      genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: In situ hybridization showed tyrosine hydroxylase
      (Th) mRNA expression in neuronal bodies of superior mesenteric ganglia and inside
      axonal fibres surrounding proximal SMA sections. Comparison of SMA by Th
      immunohistochemistry, both in PVL and bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats, demonstrated
      a significant decrease in the number of nervous structures (69% PVL; 62% BDL),
      total nervous area (70% PVL; 52% BDL) and Th-stained nervous area (89% PVL; 64%
      BDL) compared with sham rats. A strong correlation was detected between the Th
      stained nervous area and the haemodynamic parameters, mainly with SMA resistance
      (r=0.9, P<0.001 for PVL and r=0.75, P=0.018 for BDL). Western blot analysis of
      Th, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa
      indicated a significant inhibition in protein expression (35-58%) in mesenteric
      resistance arteries from both portal hypertension models compared with sham. By
      contrast, nervous structure analysis and protein expression in renal arteries
      showed no differences between sham and PVL rats. CONCLUSION: Portal hypertension
      is associated with sympathetic nerve atrophy/regression in the mesenteric
      arterial vasculature that could contribute to the splanchnic vasodilation
      associated with portal hypertension.

PMID- 19968783
TI  - An abnormal portal vein.

PMID- 19968784
TI  - Hepatitis B viral X protein alters the biological features and expressions of DNA
      repair enzymes in LO2 cells.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at examining the effects of hepatitis B viral X
      protein (HBx) on the biological features and the expression of DNA repair enzymes
      in non-tumour human hepatic LO2 cells in vitro. METHODS: The HBx gene was
      transfected into LO2 cells to establish stably HBx-expressing LO2/HBx cells. The
      morphological features, cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis and colony formation
      of LO2/HBx cells, vector-transfected LO2/pcDNA3.1 cells and unmanipulated LO2
      cells were studied. The expressions of DNA repair enzymes and DNA oxidative
      stress-related 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined by a real-time
      quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and high-performance liquid
      chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection respectively. RESULTS: In
      comparison with controls, significant morphological changes, faster growth,
      higher frequency of cells at the S phase, but lower at G0/G1 and M/G2 phases, a
      lower frequency of natural cell apoptosis and a higher percentage of colony
      formation were observed in the LO2/HBx cells. Furthermore, significantly higher
      levels of intracellular 8-OHdG and lower levels of human DNA glycosylase alpha
      (hMYHalpha) mRNA transcripts, but no significant change in human 8-oxoguanine DNA
      glycosylase 1 (hOGG1), were detected in the LO2/HBx cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data
      indicated that HBx promoted growth and malignant transformation of non-tumour
      hepatic LO2 cells in vitro, which was associated with the downregulation of
      hMYHalpha expression and accumulation of mutagenic DNA adduct 8-OHdG.

PMID- 19968785
TI  - EtfA catalyses the formation of dipicolinic acid in Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is a major component of bacterial endospores, comprising 5
      15% of the spore dry weight, and is important for spore stability and resistance
      properties. The biosynthetic precursor to DPA, dihydro-dipicolinic acid (DHDPA),
      is produced by DHDPA synthase within the lysine biosynthesis pathway. In Bacillus
      subtilis, and most other bacilli and clostridia, DHDPA is oxidized to DPA by the
      products of the spoVF operon. Analysis of the genomes of the clostridia in
      Cluster I, including the pathogens Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum
      and Clostridium tetani, has shown that no spoVF orthologues exist in these
      organisms. DPA synthase was purified from extracts of sporulating C. perfringens
      cells. Peptide sequencing identified an electron transfer flavoprotein, EtfA, in
      this purified protein fraction. A C. perfringens strain with etfA inactivated is
      blocked in late stage sporulation and produces < or = 11% of wild-type DPA
      levels. C. perfringens EtfA was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli,
      and this protein catalysed DPA formation in vitro. The sequential production of
      DHDPA and DPA in C. perfringens appears to be catalysed by DHDPA synthase
      followed by EtfA. Genome sequence data and the taxonomy of spore-forming species
      suggest that this may be the ancestral mechanism for DPA synthesis.

PMID- 19968786
TI  - YopR impacts type III needle polymerization in Yersinia species.
AB  - A hallmark of Yersinia type III machines is the presence of needles extending
      from the bacterial surface. Needles perform two functions, serving as the
      conduits for the transport of effectors into immune cells but also acting as a
      sensor. The polymerized needle protein, YscF, is thought to perceive threshold
      levels of environmental calcium ions to trigger secretion. yopR (yscH) is a gene
      downstream of yscEFG, encoding the chaperones and principal building blocks of
      the needle. Here we investigated the contribution of YopR towards type III
      secretion and pathogenesis. Yersinia pestis KIM D27 mutants lacking yopR were
      defective for virulence in a mouse model of septicemic plague. yopR variants of
      Yersinia enterocolitica W22703 displayed a reduced ability to inject effectors
      into macrophages and required lower calcium concentrations to activate type III
      secretion than wild-type yersiniae. Furthermore, yopR mutants failed to assemble
      YscF into needle complexes and instead secreted YscF into the medium. These
      results imply that YopR may be involved in controlling the secretion of YscF,
      thereby impacting the assembly of type III machines. An alternative possibility,
      which YopR participates directly in the polymerization of YscF, seems less likely
      as YopR is not associated with purified needles.

PMID- 19968787
TI  - In vivo oxidative protein folding can be facilitated by oxidation-reduction
      cycling.
AB  - Current dogma dictates that bacterial proteins with misoxidized disulfide bonds
      are shuffled into correctly oxidized states by DsbC. There are two proposed
      mechanisms for DsbC activity. The first involves a DsbC-only model of substrate
      disulfide rearrangement. The second invokes cycles of reduction and oxidation of
      substrate disulfide bonds by DsbC and DsbA respectively. Here, we addressed
      whether the second mechanism is important in vivo by identifying whether a
      periplasmic reductase could complement DsbC. We screened for naturally occurring
      periplasmic reductases in Bacteroides fragilis, a bacterium chosen because we
      predicted it encodes reductases and has a reducing periplasm. We found that the
      B. fragilis periplasmic protein TrxP has a thioredoxin fold with an extended N
      terminal region; that it is a very active reductase but a poor isomerase; and
      that it fully complements dsbC. These results provide direct in vivo evidence
      that correctly folded protein is achievable via cycles of oxidation and
      reduction.

PMID- 19968789
TI  - Ribosome reactivation by replacement of damaged proteins.
AB  - Ribosomal functions are vital for all organisms. Bacterial ribosomes are stable
      2.4 MDa particles composed of three RNAs and over 50 different proteins.
      Accumulating damage to ribosomal RNA or proteins can disturb ribosome
      functioning. Organisms could benefit from degrading or possibly repairing
      inactive or partially active ribosomes. Reactivation of chemically damaged
      ribosomes by a process of protein replacement was studied in vitro. Ribosomes
      were inactivated by chemical modification of Cys residues. Incubation of modified
      ribosomes with total ribosomal proteins led to reactivation of translational
      activity. Intriguingly, ribosomal proteins extracted by LiCl are equally active
      in the restoration of ribosome function. Incubation of 70S ribosomes with
      isotopically labelled r-proteins followed by separation of ribosomes was used to
      identify exchangeable proteins. A similar set of proteins was found to be
      exchanged in vivo under stress conditions in the stationary phase. We propose
      that repair of damaged ribosomes might be an important mechanism for maintaining
      protein synthesis activity following chemical damage.

PMID- 19968788
TI  - Functional specialization and differential regulation of short-chain carboxylic
      acid transporters in the pathogen Candida albicans.
AB  - The major fungal pathogen Candida albicans has the metabolic flexibility to
      assimilate a wide range of nutrients in its human host. Previous studies have
      suggested that C. albicans can encounter glucose-poor microenvironments during
      infection and that the ability to use alternative non-fermentable carbon sources
      contributes to its virulence. JEN1 encodes a monocarboxylate transporter in C.
      albicans and we show that its paralogue, JEN2, encodes a novel dicarboxylate
      plasma membrane transporter, subjected to glucose repression. A strain deleted in
      both genes lost the ability to transport lactic, malic and succinic acids by a
      mediated mechanism and it displayed a growth defect on these substrates. Although
      no significant morphogenetic or virulence defects were found in the double mutant
      strain, both JEN1 and JEN2 were strongly induced during infection. Jen1-GFP
      (green fluorescent protein) and Jen2-GFP were upregulated following the
      phagocytosis of C. albicans cells by neutrophils and macrophages, displaying
      similar behaviour to an Icl1-GFP fusion. In the murine model of systemic
      candidiasis approximately 20-25% of C. albicans cells infecting the kidney
      expressed Jen1-GFP and Jen2-GFP. Our data suggest that Jen1 and Jen2 are
      expressed in glucose-poor niches within the host, and that these short-chain
      carboxylic acid transporters may be important in the early stages of infection.

PMID- 19968791
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of the Yts1 type II secretion system of Yersinia
      enterocolitica and identification of secretion substrates.
AB  - Type II secretion systems (T2SSs) mediate the transport of proteins through the
      bacterial outer membrane. Although widespread in gamma-proteobacteria, they have
      so far not been characterized in the human pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. We
      describe here genetic linkage of the Yts1 and Yts2 T2SSs with a transcriptional
      regulator in the highly pathogenic Y. enterocolitica biotype 1B. While the Yts2
      associated PypC regulator activates the Yts2 operon, the PclR regulator does not
      induce transcription of its cognate Yts1 operon. Instead, Yts1 and pclR are
      activated by the addition of MgCl(2) to the growth medium at 17 degrees C and 26
      degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C. We identified three proteins, ChiY, EngY
      (YE2830) and YE3650, that are secreted depending on a functional Yts1 T2SS in
      response to MgCl(2) at low temperature. While the activation of chiY by MgCl(2)
      depends on pclR, PclR overproduction is not sufficient for chiY transcription in
      an Escherichia coli background, demonstrating the need for additional Y.
      enterocolitica-specific factors. As ChiY and EngY both bind to chitin, and YE3650
      shows motifs conserved in oligosaccharide-binding enzymes, all secreted proteins
      might be important for polysaccharide interaction/degradation during infection or
      in the environment.

PMID- 19968790
TI  - Ordered association of helicase loader proteins with the Bacillus subtilis origin
      of replication in vivo.
AB  - The essential proteins DnaB, DnaD and DnaI of Bacillus subtilis are required for
      initiation, but not elongation, of DNA replication, and for replication restart
      at stalled forks. The interactions and functions of these proteins have largely
      been determined in vitro based on their roles in replication restart. During
      replication initiation in vivo, it is not known if these proteins, and the
      replication initiator DnaA, associate with oriC independently of each other by
      virtue of their DNA binding activities, as a (sub)complex like other loader
      proteins, or in a particular dependent order. We used temperature-sensitive
      mutants or a conditional degradation system to inactivate each protein and test
      for association of the other proteins with oriC in vivo. We found that there was
      a clear order of stable association with oriC; DnaA, DnaD, DnaB, and finally DnaI
      mediated loading of helicase. The loading of helicase via stable intermediates
      resembles that of eukaryotes and the established hierarchy provides several
      potential regulatory points. The general approach described here can be used to
      analyse assembly of other complexes.

PMID- 19968792
TI  - Differential effects and interactions of endogenous and horizontally acquired H
      NS-like proteins in pathogenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nucleoid-associated protein H-NS is important for gene regulation in
      Escherichia coli. We have studied H-NS interaction with StpA and an
      uncharacterized H-NS-like protein, Hfp, in the uropathogenic E. coli isolate 536
      that expresses all three nucleoid-associated proteins. We found distinct
      interactions of the three proteins at the protein level, resulting in the
      formation of heteromers, as well as differences in their gene expression at the
      transcriptional level. Mutants lacking either StpA or Hfp alone did not exhibit a
      phenotype at 37 degrees C, which is consistent with a low level of expression at
      that temperature. Expression of the hfp and stpA genes was found to be induced by
      apparently diametrical conditions, and StpA and Hfp levels could be correlated to
      modulatory effects on the expression of different H-NS targets, the bgl operon
      and operons for virulence factors such as fimbriae and capsular polysaccharide.
      The hns/hfp and hns/stpA double mutants displayed severe growth defects at low
      and high temperatures respectively. Our findings demonstrated different
      requirements for the alternative H-NS/Hfp/StpA combinations under these growth
      conditions. We propose that Hfp and StpA have distinct functions and roles in a
      dynamic pool of nucleoid-associated proteins that is adapting to requirements in
      a particular environment.

PMID- 19968793
TI  - Sequential translocation of an Escherchia coli two-partner secretion pathway
      exoprotein across the inner and outer membranes.
AB  - In Gram-negative bacteria, a variety of high molecular weight 'exoproteins' are
      translocated across the outer membrane (OM) via the two-partner secretion (TPS)
      pathway by interacting with a dedicated transporter. It is unclear, however,
      whether the translocation of exoproteins across the OM is coupled to their
      translocation across the inner membrane (IM). To address this question, we
      separated the production of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 exoprotein (OtpA) and its
      transporter (OtpB) temporally by placing otpA and otpB under the control of
      distinct regulatable promoters. We found that when both full-length and truncated
      forms of OtpA were expressed prior to OtpB, a significant fraction of the
      exoprotein was secreted. The results indicate that OtpA can be translocated into
      the periplasm and briefly remain secretion-competent. Furthermore, by engineering
      cysteine residues into OtpA and using disulphide bond formation as a reporter of
      periplasmic localization, we obtained additional evidence that the C-terminus of
      OtpA enters the periplasm before the N-terminus is translocated across the OM
      even when OtpA and OtpB are expressed simultaneously. Taken together, our results
      demonstrate that the translocation of a TPS exoprotein across the OM can occur
      independently from its translocation across the IM.

PMID- 19968794
TI  - Methanogenesis by Methanosarcina acetivorans involves two structurally and
      functionally distinct classes of heterodisulfide reductase.
AB  - Biochemical studies have revealed two distinct classes of Coenzyme B-Coenzyme M
      heterodisulfide (CoB-S-S-CoM) reductase (Hdr), a key enzyme required for
      anaerobic respiration in methane-producing archaea. A cytoplasmic HdrABC enzyme
      complex is found in most methanogens, whereas a membrane-bound HdrED complex is
      found exclusively in members of the order Methanosarcinales. Unexpectedly,
      genomic data indicate that multiple copies of both Hdr classes are found in all
      sequenced Methanosarcinales genomes. The Methanosarcina acetivorans hdrED1 operon
      is constitutively expressed and required for viability under all growth
      conditions examined, consistent with HdrED being the primary Hdr. HdrABC appears
      to be specifically involved in methylotrophic methanogenesis, based on reduced
      growth and methanogenesis rates of an hdrA1C1B1 mutant on methylotrophic
      substrates and downregulation of the genes during growth on acetate. This
      conclusion is further supported by phylogenetic analysis showing that the
      presence of hdrA1 in an organism is specifically correlated with the presence of
      genes for methylotrophic methanogenesis. Examination of mRNA abundance in
      methanol-grown Delta hdrA1C1B1 strains relative to wild-type revealed
      upregulation of genes required for synthesis of (di)methylsulfide and for
      transport and biosynthesis of CoB-SH and CoM-SH, suggesting that the mutant has a
      defect in electron transfer from ferredoxin to CoB-S-S-CoM that causes cofactor
      limitation.

PMID- 19968796
TI  - A multi-species experiment in their native range indicates pre-adaptation of
      invasive alien plant species.
AB  - *To understand prerequisites of biological invasions, it is imperative to know
      whether species have traits that pre-adapt them to become invasive elsewhere.
      However, few experimental studies have explicitly tested this by comparing traits
      between invasive and noninvasive species in their native range instead of in the
      nonnative range. *We used native plant material of 14 European congeneric pairs
      of herbaceous species that were all introduced to North America, and of which one
      species per pair is invasive. *In our germination and common garden experiment
      with and without fertilizer addition, the invasive species germinated faster,
      produced more biomass and had a higher proportion of flowering plants than the
      noninvasive congeners. *Our results indicate that species traits, which lead to a
      high plant performance in the native range, can confer pre-adaptation to become
      invasive. We suggest that such traits may be especially relevant for use in risk
      assessment protocols before introduction elsewhere.

PMID- 19968795
TI  - Asymmetric cross-regulation between the nitrate-responsive NarX-NarL and NarQ
      NarP two-component regulatory systems from Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The NarX-NarL and NarQ-NarP sensor-response regulator pairs control Escherichia
      coli gene expression in response to nitrate and nitrite. Previous analysis
      suggests that the Nar two-component systems form a cross-regulation network in
      vivo. Here we report on the kinetics of phosphoryl transfer between different
      sensor-regulator combinations in vitro. NarX exhibited a noticeable kinetic
      preference for NarL over NarP, whereas NarQ exhibited a relatively slight kinetic
      preference for NarL. These findings were substantiated in reactions containing
      one sensor and both response regulators, or with two sensors and a single
      response regulator. We isolated 21 NarX mutants with missense substitutions in
      the cytoplasmic central and transmitter modules. These confer phenotypes that
      reflect defects in phospho-NarL dephosphorylation. Five of these mutants, all
      with substitutions in the transmitter DHp domain, also exhibited NarP-blind
      phenotypes. Phosphoryl transfer assays in vitro confirmed that these NarX mutants
      have defects in catalysing NarP phosphorylation. By contrast, the corresponding
      NarQ mutants conferred phenotypes indicating comparable interactions with both
      NarP and NarL. Our overall results reveal asymmetry in the Nar cross-regulation
      network, such that NarQ interacts similarly with both response regulators,
      whereas NarX interacts preferentially with NarL.

PMID- 19968797
TI  - Resource stoichiometry elucidates the structure and function of arbuscular
      mycorrhizas across scales.
AB  - Despite the fact that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations are among the most
      ancient, abundant and important symbioses in terrestrial ecosystems, there are
      currently few unifying theories that can be used to help understand the factors
      that control their structure and function. This review explores how a
      stoichiometric perspective facilitates integration of three complementary
      ecological and evolutionary models of mycorrhizal structure and function. AM
      symbiotic function should be governed by the relative availability of carbon,
      nitrogen and phosphorus (trade balance model) and allocation to plant and fungal
      structures should depend on the availabilities of these resources (functional
      equilibrium model). Moreover, in an evolutionary framework, communities of plants
      and AM fungi are predicted to adapt to each other and their local soil
      environment (co-adaptation model). Anthropogenic enrichment of essential
      resources in the environment is known to impact AM symbioses. A more predictive
      theory of AM structure and function will help us to better understand how these
      impacts may influence plant communities and ecosystem properties.

PMID- 19968798
TI  - Tropical tree rings reveal preferential survival of fast-growing juveniles and
      increased juvenile growth rates over time.
AB  - Long-term juvenile growth patterns of tropical trees were studied to test two
      hypotheses: fast-growing juvenile trees have a higher chance of reaching the
      canopy ('juvenile selection effect'); and tree growth has increased over time
      ('historical growth increase'). Tree-ring analysis was applied to test these
      hypotheses for five tree species from three moist forest sites in Bolivia, using
      samples from 459 individuals. Basal area increment was calculated from ring
      widths, for trees < 30 cm in diameter. For three out of five species, a juvenile
      selection effect was found in rings formed by small juveniles. Thus, extant adult
      trees in these species have had higher juvenile growth rates than extant juvenile
      trees. By contrast, rings formed by somewhat larger juveniles in four species
      showed the opposite pattern: a historical growth increase. For most size classes
      of > 10 cm diameter none of the patterns was found. Fast juvenile growth may be
      essential to enable tropical trees to reach the forest canopy, especially for
      small juvenile trees in the dark forest understorey. The historical growth
      increase requires cautious interpretation, but may be partially attributable to
      CO(2) fertilization.

PMID- 19968799
TI  - Leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratios of tropical trees: experimental assessment of
      physiological and environmental controls.
AB  - We investigated the variation in leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratios of tropical
      tree and liana seedlings as a function of the relative growth rate, whole-plant
      water-use efficiency, soil water content and fertilizer addition. First,
      seedlings of 13 tree and liana species were grown individually in 38-l pots
      prepared with a homogeneous soil mixture. Second, seedlings of three tree species
      were grown in 19-l pots at high or low soil water content, and with or without
      added fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For plants grown
      under common soil conditions, leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratios showed a
      unimodal, or hump-shaped, relationship with the relative growth rate. The leaf
      nitrogen to phosphorus ratio increased in response to low soil water content in
      three species, and increased in response to fertilizer addition in two of the
      three species. Across all species and treatments, the leaf nitrogen to phosphorus
      ratio was positively correlated with the water-use efficiency. The results
      suggest that the within-site variation among tropical tree species in the leaf
      nitrogen to phosphorus ratio may be caused by associations between this ratio and
      the relative growth rate. Modification of the soil environment changed the leaf
      nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, but underlying associations between this ratio and
      the relative growth rate were generally maintained. The observed correlation
      between the leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio and water-use efficiency has
      implications for linking nutrient stoichiometry with plant transpiration.

PMID- 19968800
TI  - Changes in sexual organ reciprocity and phenotypic floral integration during the
      tristyly-distyly transition in Oxalis alpina.
AB  - Although the 6 magnitude and pattern of correlation among floral traits
      (phenotypic integration) is usually conceived as an adaptation for successful
      pollination and reproduction, studies on the evolution of plant reproductive
      systems have generally focused on one or a few characters. If evolutionary
      transitions between reproductive systems involve morphological floral
      adjustments, changes in the magnitude and pattern of phenotypic integration of
      floral traits may be expected. In this study, we focused on the evolutionary
      dynamics of a complex adaptive trait, the extent of reciprocity (reciprocal
      placement) among sexual organs in a heterostylous species, and explored the
      associated changes in phenotypic floral integration during the transition from
      tristyly to distyly. The extent of reciprocity and both the magnitude and pattern
      of floral integration were characterized in 12 populations of Oxalis alpina
      representing the tristyly-distyly gradient. Although the extent of reciprocity
      increased along the tristyly-distyly transition, the flower size diminished.
      These adjustments did not affect the magnitude, but did affect the pattern, of
      floral integration. *Changes in the pattern of floral integration suggested that
      allometric, functional and pleiotropic relationships among floral traits were
      affected during this evolutionary transition.

PMID- 19968801
TI  - Fall and rise of satellite repeats in allopolyploids of Nicotiana over c. 5
      million years.
AB  - Allopolyploids represent natural experiments in which DNA sequences from
      different species are combined into a single nucleus and then coevolve, enabling
      us to follow the parental genomes, their interactions and evolution over time.
      Here, we examine the fate of satellite DNA over 5 million yr of divergence in
      plant genus Nicotiana (family Solanaceae). We isolated subtelomeric, tandemly
      repeated satellite DNA from Nicotiana diploid and allopolyploid species and
      analysed patterns of inheritance and divergence by sequence analysis, Southern
      blot hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). We observed that
      parental satellite sequences redistribute around the genome in allopolyploids of
      Nicotiana section Polydicliae, formed c. 1 million yr ago (Mya), and that new
      satellite repeats evolved and amplified in section Repandae, which was formed c.
      5 Mya. In some cases that process involved the complete replacement of parental
      satellite sequences. The rate of satellite repeat replacement is faster than
      theoretical predictions assuming the mechanism involved is unequal recombination
      and crossing-over. Instead we propose that this mechanism occurs with the
      deletion of large chromatin blocks and reamplification, perhaps via rolling
      circle replication.

PMID- 19968802
TI  - Cervical thymus and internal jugular vein cannulation.

PMID- 19968803
TI  - Comments on use of winged laryngoscope blade for endotracheal intubation in
      children with cleft lip.

PMID- 19968804
TI  - Is there thermal benefit from preoperative warming in children?
AB  - AIM: We aimed to quantify the impact of a raised preoperative ambient temperature
      (T(ambient)) on core temperature (T(core)) after induction of anesthesia in
      children. BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that prewarming of patients before
      anesthesia induction reduces postinduction drop in T(core). Neither the
      prewarming temperature nor its duration is established for adults or children.
      Nevertheless, it remains common practice to either warm the operating theatre and
      induction room or employ radiant heaters prior to induction of anesthesia,
      particularly for infants and neonates. We aimed to quantify the benefit, if any,
      of this warming practice. METHODS: We conducted a prospective clinical study to
      assess T(core) behavior in children randomized to either raised or standard
      ambient temperature as a prewarming technique prior to induction and until the
      operation commenced. We have called this 'preoperative' warming. Well, children
      scheduled for elective surgery where presurgical anesthetic duration exceeded 20
      min were randomized to a T(ambient) of either 26 or 21 degrees C. Esophageal
      temperature was monitored continuously until the operative procedure commenced.
      RESULTS: There were 30 children in each group. Those in the warmed group (26
      degrees C) had a statistically significant higher initial T(core) (0.4 degrees C
      warmer) and less drop in their T(core) (0.18 degrees C benefit at 20 min).
      Although younger/lighter/shorter individuals were more likely to drop their
      T(core), a warmer T(ambient) had only 0.1 degrees C thermal benefit irrespective
      of age. CONCLUSIONS: There are statistically significant thermal advantages to
      preoperative environmental warming. This study provides data to assist the
      anesthetist in deciding when these are likely to be clinically relevant.

PMID- 19968805
TI  - Changes in acid-base, electrolyte and hemoglobin concentrations during infusion
      of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42/6 : 1 in normal saline or in balanced electrolyte
      solution in children.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: A balanced volume replacement strategy is a well established
      concept for correcting hypovolemia using plasma adapted isotonic crystalloid
      solutions with a physiological electrolyte pattern and acetate as bicarbonate
      precursor. Recently, third-generation hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has also become
      available in a balanced electrolyte solution instead of normal saline. Therefore,
      in this prospective non-interventional clinical study, the perioperative
      administration of HES 130/0.42/6 : 1 in normal saline (ns-HES) and in balanced
      electrolyte solution (bal-HES) was evaluated in children with a focus on acid
      base, electrolyte and hemoglobin changes. METHODS: Following local ethics
      committee approval, pediatric patients aged up to 12 years with an ASA risk score
      of I-III undergoing perioperative administration of HES (ns-HES from May 2006 to
      December 2007, bal-HES from January 2008 to January 2009) were included. Patient
      demographics, the performed procedure, adverse drug reactions, hemodynamic data
      and the results of blood gas analysis were documented with a focus on changes in
      acid-base, electrolyte and hemoglobin concentrations. RESULTS: Of 396 enrolled
      patients (ASA I-III; age 2.3 +/- 3, range day of birth - 12 years; body weight
      10.8 +/- 9, range 0.9-52 kg), 249 received ns-HES and 147 bal-HES (mean volume
      infused 9.9 +/- 4 and 9.4 +/- 6.9 ml x kg(-1), respectively). After HES infusion,
      hemoglobin decreased in both groups, whereas bicarbonate and base excess (BE)
      decreased only with ns-HES and remained stable with bal-HES (BE before infusion:
      ns-HES -1.8 +/- 2.8, bal-HES -1.7 +/- 2.7 mmol x l(-1); after infusion: ns-HES 
      2.6 +/- 2.4; bal-HES -1.6 +/- 2.6 mmol x l(-1), P < 0.05). Chloride (Cl)
      concentrations increased in both groups and were significantly higher with ns-HES
      (Cl before infusion: ns-HES 105.6 +/- 3.7, bal-HES 105.1 +/- 2.8 mmol x l(-1);
      after infusion: ns-HES 107.7 +/- 3.2, bal-HES 106.3 +/- 2.9 mmol x l(-1), P <
      0.01). No serious adverse drug reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: Infusion
      related iatrogenic acid-base and electrolyte alterations can be minimized by
      using hydroxyethyl starch in a balanced electrolyte solution instead of normal
      saline.

PMID- 19968806
TI  - The effect of a target controlled infusion of propofol on predictability of
      recovery from anesthesia in children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Emergence following termination of a general anesthetic depends on
      the effect site concentration (C(e)) of the drug declining to an awakening value
      (C(e)-awake). C(e)-awake has been described in adults, but is unknown in
      children. OBJECTIVES: To determine C(e)-awake in children following a target
      controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and to assess a C(e)-driven TCI system's
      ability to predict times to emergence from anesthesia. METHODS: Subjects
      undergoing elective surgery, aged 3 months to <10 years were recruited into three
      age-stratified groups. A target C(e) of 3-4 microg x ml(-1) was selected for
      induction and subsequently titrated to patient response and surgical stimulus.
      Preoperative acetaminophen, a remifentanil infusion and regional anesthesia were
      permitted for supplemental analgesia. State Entropy (SE) was monitored from
      induction to emergence. Emergence was defined as the time of first purposeful
      spontaneous movement (PSM). Time zero was defined as the end of propofol
      infusion. Based on a pilot study, a C(e)-awake of 1.9 microg x ml(-1) was chosen
      as the wake-up threshold used by the software to predict emergence times.
      RESULTS: Data was collected for 90 of 104 recruited patients. PSM occurred at a
      mean (sd) C(e) of 2.0 (0.5) microg x ml(-1) and an SE of 79 (11). There were no
      differences between age groups. A wide variation in emergence time was observed,
      with a mean (sd) of 16.9 (7) min, and a trend to more rapid emergence in older
      subjects. CONCLUSION: A predicted C(e)-awake of 2.0 microg x ml(-1) in children
      aged 3 months to <10 years was identified with the selected model. For expert
      users of propofol in children, during shorter surgical procedures, TCI predicted
      emergence times do not offer significant clinical advantages.

PMID- 19968808
TI  - The effect of age on the dose of remifentanil for tracheal intubation in infants
      and children.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the age-specific bolus dose of
      remifentanil (ED(50)) to facilitate tracheal intubation without the use of
      neuromuscular blocking agents. METHODS: ASA 1-2 subjects were recruited into
      three groups of 0-3 months (group I), 4-12 months (group II), and 1-3 years
      (group III) of age. A sequential up-and-down design determined the remifentanil
      bolus dose, which was initially started at 3 mcg x kg(-1) and adjusted in 1 mcg x
      kg(-1) increments (range 1-6 mcg x kg(-1)). Following pretreatment with
      glycopyrrolate 10 microg x kg(-1) and an induction dose of propofol 5 mg x kg(
      1), remifentanil was administered with a blinded study investigator commencing
      tracheal intubation after 60 s. After tracheal intubation, the time to return of
      spontaneous ventilation was measured. Logistic regression was used to predict the
      ED(50) and ED(95) of remifentanil. RESULTS: Sixty-four subjects were recruited.
      Tracheal intubation was successful at first attempt in over 90% of subjects in
      each age group. Satisfactory intubating conditions were achieved in 85%, 63%, and
      75% of subjects in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The logistic regression
      results for ED(50) (95% CI) were 3.1 (2.5-3.8), 3.7 (2.0-5.4), and 3.0 (2.1-3.9)
      mcg x kg(-1), and ED(95) (95% CI) were 5.0 (3.0-7.0), 9.4 (1.5-17.4), and 5.6
      (2.9-8.4) mcg x kg(-1) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Infants aged 4-12
      months (group II) showed a marked variability in dose response; however, the mean
      ED(50) and ED(95) were not different to groups I and III. Older children had a
      longer duration of apnea than infants, 331 vs 180 s (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The
      ED(50) of remifentanil for tracheal intubation was higher in all age groups than
      previously reported. Ideal intubating conditions were achieved in 50% of subjects
      with remifentanil doses of 3.1-3.7 mcg x kg(-1). Higher doses will be required
      for higher success rates and with anticholinergic pretreatment, doses of up to 6
      mcg x kg(-1) were tolerated, without adverse effects, in two patients. Further
      investigation of the variability in dose response in infants and assessment of
      the safety this technique is warranted.

PMID- 19968807
TI  - Hypnotic depth and the incidence of emergence agitation and negative
      postoperative behavioral changes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation (EA) and negative postoperative behavioral
      changes (NPOBC) are common in children, although the etiology remains unclear. We
      investigated whether longer times under deep hypnosis as measured by Bispectral
      Index (BIS) monitoring would positively correlate with a greater incidence of EA
      in the PACU and a greater occurrence of NPOBC in children after discharge.
      METHODS: We enrolled 400 children, 1-12 years old, scheduled for dental
      procedures under general anesthesia. All children were induced with high
      concentration sevoflurane, and BIS monitoring was continuous from induction
      through recovery in the PACU. A BIS reading <45 was considered deep hypnosis. The
      presence of EA was assessed in the PACU using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence
      Delirium scale. NPOBC were assessed using the Post-Hospital Behavior
      Questionnaire, completed by parents 3-5 days postoperatively. Data were analyzed
      using logistic regression, with a P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
      RESULTS: The incidence of EA was 27% (99/369), and the incidence of NPOBC was
      8.8% (28/318). No significant differences in the incidence of EA or NPOBC were
      seen with respect to length of time under deep hypnosis as measured by a BIS
      value of <45. CONCLUSION: Our data revealed no significant correlation between
      the length of time under deep hypnosis (BIS < 45) and the incidence of EA or
      NPOBC. Within this population, these behavioral disturbances do not appear to be
      related to the length of time under a deep hypnotic state as measured by the BIS.

PMID- 19968809
TI  - Leaving no stone unturned, or extracting blood from stone?

PMID- 19968811
TI  - Matter related to the research article published in Obesity Reviews (2009; 9: 389
      399), entitled 'Obesity in Mediterranean region (1997-2007): a systematic
      review'.

PMID- 19968812
TI  - Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome Type 3 and growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - The simultaneous occurrence of prepubertal Graves' disease, type 1 Diabetes
      Mellitus (DM), and Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is uncommon. GHD has been
      reported in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (APS) Type 1 and Type 2 but not in
      APS Type 3. We report a 3-yr-old boy who presented simultaneously with type 1 DM
      and Graves' disease. After he developed urticarial rash to Propylthiouracil and
      Methimazole with persistent thyrotoxicosis, he received 8 millicuries of (131)I
      at 5 yr of age. We diagnosed GHD at age 8 yr 8 months because of growth
      deceleration (from 95 to 25%) and abnormal growth rate (3 cm/yr) despite
      euthyroidism, fair glycemic control, and normal weight gain. Both insulin-like
      growth factor (IGF) 1 (90 ng/mL; normal 113-261 ng/mL) and IGFBP3 (1.3 mcg/mL;
      normal 2.1-4.2 mcg/mL) levels were low and peak growth hormone level measured by
      RIA was 5.2 ng/mL after L-Dopa and insulin tolerance test. The rest of his
      pituitary functions and magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland were
      normal. Growth hormone treatment (0.3 mg/kg/wk) was administered at 8 yr 9 months
      until near final adult height (FAH). Near FAH (172 cm) was close to midparental
      target height of 180 cm. GHD may be a component of all APS even though it is
      rare. Growth in treated children with Graves' disease should be followed closely
      as catch down growth below genetic height potential may be a harbinger of
      underlying GHD.

PMID- 19968813
TI  - Population density determines the direction of the association between ambient
      ultraviolet radiation and type 1 diabetes incidence.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes incidence has increased rapidly over the last 20
      years, and ecological studies show inverse latitudinal gradients for both
      incidence and prevalence. Some studies have found season of birth or season of
      diagnosis effects. Together these findings suggest an important role for
      environmental factors in disease etiology. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether type 1
      diabetes incidence varies in relation to ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in
      Australian children. METHODS: We used case records of 4773 children aged 0-14 yr
      from the Australian National Diabetes Register to estimate type 1 diabetes
      incidence in relation to residential ambient UVR, both as a continuous variable
      and in four categories. We examined season of birth and season of diagnosis and
      variation in these parameters and in age at diagnosis, in relation to ambient
      UVR. RESULTS: Overall incidence was 20 per 100 000 population with no sex
      difference. There was a statistically significant trend toward winter diagnosis
      (adjusted RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.33, p<0.001) but no apparent season of birth
      effect. Incidence in the highest UVR category was significantly lower than in the
      lowest UVR category (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.96). We found an inverse
      association between incidence and ambient UVR that was present only at low
      population densities; at high population densities type 1 diabetes incidence
      increased with increasing ambient UVR. CONCLUSION: In low population density,
      largely rural environments, ambient UVR may better reflect the personal UV dose,
      with the latter being protective for the development of type 1 diabetes. This
      effect is lost or reversed in high population density, largely urban,
      environments.

PMID- 19968814
TI  - Is albuminuria associated with obesity in school children?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Different studies in adults have shown that obesity is an independent
      risk factor for end-stage renal disease. OBJECTIVE: It was to (i) determine the
      association between albuminuria and age, gender, BMI, waist circumference (WC),
      and blood pressure (ii) relate albuminuria to gender and age in healthy school
      children. METHODS: Over 1564 students (806 males) aged 9.35 +/- 2.00 yr from 9
      elementary schools in Buenos Aires, were examined between April and September
      2005. BMI, WC, blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion and albumin/creatinine
      ratio (ACR) were determined. RESULTS: Over 220 (14.1%) children were obese (OB),
      and 300 (19.2%) overweight (OW) using centers for disease control (CDC) norms.
      Median ACR and urinary albumin levels were higher in normal weight children than
      in OW/OB children (p < 0.01). Median values for ACR were higher in girls than in
      boys (p < 0.001). OW/OB proved to be a protective factor against ACR [OR, 0.77
      (95% CI 0.64-0.92)], whereas female gender [OR, 2.72 (95% CI 2.13-3.47)] was
      associated with a higher ACR adjusted for age systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Therefore, children with
      OW/OB had 23% lower odds of having ACR >or= III quartile and girls had more than
      two and half times the risk of having high ACR. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest
      that OW/OB is inversely associated with childhood albuminuria while female gender
      is positively associated. Whether the results can be explained by the increased
      physical activity in lean children should be the subject of future
      investigations. These results suggest that micro-albuminuria in children may not
      be a useful tool in the early identification of children at risk for future renal
      and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

PMID- 19968815
TI  - A personalized approach to exercise promotion in adolescents with type 1
      diabetes.
AB  - PURPOSE: This exploratory study tested the feasibility of conducting a novel,
      personalized exercise intervention based upon the current fitness levels of
      adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The relationships of perceptions of
      benefits and barriers to exercise, exercise self-efficacy and family support to
      exercise adherence and changes in cardiovascular (CV) fitness, quality of life
      (QOL), and glycemic control were studied. METHODS: Adolescents who were sedentary
      received a graded exercise test to determine their current fitness level
      (VO(2peak)). A 16-wk personalized exercise program was developed for each
      adolescent based upon individual fitness level and exercise preferences. Pretest
      and posttest measures of exercise self-efficacy, benefits and barriers to
      exercise, family support, and diabetes QOL were completed. A1c levels were
      obtained using the DCA2000. Adherence to exercise was measured using the
      Actigraph Accelerometer. RESULTS: Twelve adolescents completed the study.
      Accelerometry data revealed adherence to 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical
      activity (MVPA) per day for a mean of 45.5 (SD = 23.9)% of the days the
      accelerometer was worn. Adolescents' perceptions of family support for exercise
      improved following the intervention (p = 0.03). Adolescents who had more daily
      bouts of exercise lasting 60 min increased their CV fitness (r = 0.59, p = 0.04).
      A1c remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Encouraging 60 min of accumulated exercise
      bouts/d can improve fitness levels in adolescents with T1DM, minimizing future CV
      risks. Although physical activity increased in adolescents, family based
      strategies are required to promote current physical activity recommendations.

PMID- 19968816
TI  - Teenage pregnancy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Younger maternal age at delivery has been linked to adverse reproductive
      outcomes. Pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is also
      associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Optimising diabetic glycaemic control
      prior to pregnancy is known to reduce the rate of congenital abnormalities and
      improve pregnancy outcomes. Teenage pregnancies are not usually planned and
      little data exist on teenage pregnancy complicated by T1DM. We sought to identify
      the glycemic control achieved in teenage pregnancy with T1DM and to clarify if
      there is an associated increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to those
      seen in older women with T1DM. We compared outcomes in 18 teenagers (TG) with 582
      older women with T1DM (CON) from 1995-2007. TG booked to the combined diabetes
      obstetrical service at a median gestational age of 11 weeks (range 6-22) compared
      to 7 weeks in CON (range 4-40, p < 0.02). Glycaemic was worse in TG compared to
      CON at 13, 26 and 35 weeks gestation, despite higher insulin doses. First
      trimester miscarriage rate did not differ between groups. Major congenital
      anomaly rate was 6.2% (1/16) compared to 3.2% in CON. This preliminary study has
      demonstrated that pregnant teenage women with T1DM book later to specialised care
      and have worse glycaemic control in pregnancy compared to older women with T1DM.
      This group also appear to be more insulin resistant than older women in early
      pregnancy. Our data would suggest that teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus
      may constitute a high-risk group for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

PMID- 19968817
TI  - Japanese pediatric guidelines for the treatment and management of bronchial
      asthma 2008.
AB  - Abstract The fourth version of the Japanese Pediatric Guidelines for the
      Treatment and Management of Bronchial Asthma 2008 (JPGL 2008) was published by
      the Japanese Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology in December
      2008. In JPGL 2008, the recommendations were revised on the basis of the JPGL
      2005. The JPGL 2008 is different to the Global Initiative for Asthma guideline in
      that it contains the following items: a classification system of asthma severity;
      recommendations for long-term management organized by age; a special mention of
      infantile asthma; and an emphasis on prevention and early intervention. Here we
      show a summary of the JPGL 2008 revising our previous report concerning JPGL
      2005.

PMID- 19968818
TI  - Anticipating drug resistance in the MAP kinase pathway.

PMID- 19968819
TI  - UVA tanning is involved in the increased incidence of skin cancers in fair
      skinned young women.
AB  - Melanomas are the most prevalent cancers in 25-29 yr old females and compose
      roughly 12% of cancers in 20-40 yr old women; under the age of 40, women have a
      higher incidence of melanomas than do men. Within the past few decades, the
      alarming trend to use commercial sunlamps for cosmetic pigmentation is of
      particular concern, especially since 71% of those patrons are women with 50% of
      patrons under the age of 29. A major problem may be the use of UVA-rich sunlamps
      which produce a visible tan but afford little to no protection from subsequent UV
      exposure. We hypothesize that the additional exposure of adolescents to
      unnaturally large amounts of UVA from artificial UV sources is implicated in the
      increasing incidence of malignant melanomas disproportionately in young women.

PMID- 19968821
TI  - A colorful explanation for atrial arrhythmias.

PMID- 19968820
TI  - High molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen as a biomarker of desmoplastic
      melanoma.

PMID- 19968822
TI  - H19 RNA downregulation stimulated melanogenesis in melasma.
AB  - A variety of factors, including ultraviolet (UV) exposure, have been implicated
      in the pathogenesis of melasma. However, UV-induced hyperpigmentation usually
      recovers spontaneously, whereas melasma does not. Recently, we detected
      downregulation of the H19 gene on microarray analysis of hyperpigmented and
      normally pigmented skin from patients with melasma, and identified significant
      clinical correlations. The H19 downregulation was not accompanied by a reciprocal
      change of the imprinted gene, insulin-like growth factor II. Moreover,
      methylation pattern of the H19 promoter region in maternal ICR was variable. The
      H19 knockdown in melanocyte monoculture did not result in obvious tyrosinase
      overexpression, whereas the knockdown in a mixed cell culture system, composed of
      H19 siRNA transfected normal human keratinocytes and non-transfected normal human
      melanocytes, did induce not only a tyrosinase overexpression but also an increase
      of melanosome transfer. Estrogen treatment of the H19 RNA knockdown in the mixed
      cell culture was more than an additive effect on the tyrosinase overexpression,
      whereas UV irradiation was not. These findings suggest that downregulation of H19
      and a sufficient dose of estrogen might be involved in the development of
      melasma.

PMID- 19968823
TI  - Barriers and paths to market for genetically engineered crops.
AB  - Each year, billions of dollars are invested in efforts to improve crops through
      genetic engineering (GE). These activities have resulted in a surge of
      publications and patents on technologies and genes: a momentum in basic research
      that, unfortunately, is not sustained throughout the subsequent phases of product
      development. After more than two decades of intensive research, the market for
      transgenic crops is still dominated by applications of just a handful of methods
      and genes. This discrepancy between research and development reflects
      difficulties in understanding and overcoming seven main barriers-to-entry: (1)
      trait efficacy in the field, (2) critical product concepts, (3) freedom-to
      operate, (4) industry support, (5) identity preservation and stewardship, (6)
      regulatory approval and (7) retail and consumer acceptance. In this review, I
      describe the various roadblocks to market for transgenic crops and also discuss
      methods and approaches on how to overcome these, especially in the United States.

PMID- 19968824
TI  - Root cooling strongly affects diel leaf growth dynamics, water and carbohydrate
      relations in Ricinus communis.
AB  - In laboratory and greenhouse experiments with potted plants, shoots and roots are
      exposed to temperature regimes throughout a 24 h (diel) cycle that can differ
      strongly from the regime under which these plants have evolved. In the field,
      roots are often exposed to lower temperatures than shoots. When the root-zone
      temperature in Ricinus communis was decreased below a threshold value, leaf
      growth occurred preferentially at night and was strongly inhibited during the
      day. Overall, leaf expansion, shoot biomass growth, root elongation and
      ramification decreased rapidly, carbon fluxes from shoot to root were diminished
      and carbohydrate contents of both root and shoot increased. Further,
      transpiration rate was not affected, yet hydrostatic tensions in shoot xylem
      increased. When root temperature was increased again, xylem tension reduced, leaf
      growth recovered rapidly, carbon fluxes from shoot to root increased, and
      carbohydrate pools were depleted. We hypothesize that the decreased uptake of
      water in cool roots diminishes the growth potential of the entire plant -
      especially diurnally, when the growing leaf loses water via transpiration. As a
      consequence, leaf growth and metabolite concentrations can vary enormously,
      depending on root-zone temperature and its heterogeneity inside pots.

PMID- 19968825
TI  - Warmer and drier conditions stimulate respiration more than photosynthesis in a
      boreal peatland ecosystem: analysis of automatic chambers and eddy covariance
      measurements.
AB  - Continuous half-hourly net CO(2) exchange measurements were made using nine
      automatic chambers in a treed fen in northern Alberta, Canada from June-October
      in 2005 and from May-October in 2006. The 2006 growing season was warmer and
      drier than in 2005. The average chamber respiration rates normalized to 10
      degrees C were much higher in 2006 than in 2005, while calculations of the
      temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) values were similar in the two years. Daytime
      average respiration values were lower than the corresponding, temperature
      corrected respiration rates calculated from night-time chamber measurements. From
      June to September, the season-integrated estimates of chamber photosynthesis and
      respiration were 384 and 590 g C m(-2), respectively in 2006, an increase of 100
      and 203 g C m(-2) over the corresponding values in 2005. The season-integrated
      photosynthesis and respiration rates obtained using the eddy covariance
      technique, which included trees and a tall shrub not present in the chambers,
      were 720 and 513 g C m(-2), respectively, in 2006, an increase of 50 and 125 g C
      m(-2) over the corresponding values in 2005. While both photosynthesis and
      respiration rates were higher in the warmer and drier conditions of 2006, the
      increase in respiration was more than twice the increase in photosynthesis.

PMID- 19968826
TI  - Hydraulic acclimation to shading in boreal conifers of varying shade tolerance.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine how shading affects the hydraulic and
      wood-anatomical characteristics of four boreal conifers (Pinus banksiana, Pinus
      contorta, Picea glauca and Picea mariana) that differ in shade tolerance. Plants
      were grown in an open field and under a deciduous-dominated overstory for 6
      years. Sapwood- and leaf-area specific conductivity, vulnerability curves, and
      anatomical measurements (light and scanning electron microscopy) were made on
      leading shoots from six to nine trees of each treatment combination. There was no
      difference in sapwood-area specific conductivity between open-grown and
      understory conifers, although two of four species had larger tracheid diameters
      in the open. Shaded conifers appeared to compensate for small diameter tracheids
      by changes in pit membrane structure. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that
      understory conifers had thinner margo strands, greater maximum pore size in the
      margo, and more torus extensions. All of these trends may contribute to
      inadequate sealing of the torus. This is supported by the fact that all species
      showed increased vulnerability to cavitation when grown in the understory.
      Although evaporative demand in an understory environment is low, a rapid change
      into fully exposed conditions could be detrimental for shaded conifers.

PMID- 19968827
TI  - Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid signalling in plant response to drought and
      salinity.
AB  - The activity of phospholipase D (PLD) in plants increases under different
      hyperosmotic stresses, such as dehydration, drought, and salinity. Recent results
      begin to shed light onto the involvement of PLD in response to water deficits and
      salinity. Different PLDs have unique and overlapping functions in these
      responses. PLDalpha1 promotes stomatal closure and reduces water loss. PLDalpha1
      and PLDdelta are involved in seedling tolerance to salt stress. PLDalpha3 and
      PLDepsilon enhance plant growth and hyperosmotic tolerance. The different PLDs
      regulate the production of phosphatidic acid (PA) that is a key class of lipid
      mediators in plant response to environmental stresses. Further studies on the
      upstream regulators that activate different PLDs and the downstream effectors of
      PLDs and PA have the potential to unveil the linkage between the stimulus
      perception at the cell membrane to intracellular responses to drought and
      salinity stresses.

PMID- 19968828
TI  - Na(+) transport in glycophytic plants: what we know and would like to know.
AB  - Soil salinity decreases the growth rate of plants and can severely limit the
      productivity of crop plants. The ability to tolerate salinity stress differs
      widely between species of plants as well as within species. As an important
      component of salinity tolerance, a better understanding of the mechanisms of
      Na(+) transport will assist in the development of plants with improved salinity
      tolerance and, importantly, might lead to increased yields from crop plants
      growing in challenging environments. This review summarizes the current
      understanding of the components of Na(+) transport in glycophytic plants,
      including those at the soil to root interface, transport of Na(+) to the xylem,
      control of Na(+) loading in the stele and partitioning of the accumulated Na(+)
      within the shoot and individual cells. Using this knowledge, strategies to modify
      Na(+) transport and engineer plant salinity tolerance, as well as areas of
      research which merit particular attention in order to further improve the
      understanding of salinity tolerance in plants, are discussed.

PMID- 19968829
TI  - Changes in metabolic parameters following a switch to aripiprazole in Japanese
      patients with schizophrenia: One-year follow-up study.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in metabolic parameters
      after switching to aripiprazole in Japanese population. In this 1-year
      observation study, following a switch to aripiprazole, 32 patients with
      schizophrenia were observed and assessment was done of bodyweight, total
      cholesterol, triglyceride, serum prolactin level, and corrected QT (QTc)
      interval. Significant reductions were observed in these parameters other than QTc
      interval. Given known detrimental metabolic and hormonal effects of some atypical
      antipsychotics, a switch to aripiprazole may warrant serious consideration also
      in Asian patients who suffer those side-effects.

PMID- 19968830
TI  - Deterioration of intelligence in methamphetamine-induced psychosis: comparison
      with alcohol dependence on WAIS-III.
AB  - AIMS: Long-term use of methamphetamine could induce psychosis, but consequences
      with regards to intelligence have seldom been investigated. Long-term use of
      alcohol could also result in intellectual deterioration. METHODS: The IQ of 34
      methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MIP) patients (age, 28.7 +/- 6.1 years) and 34
      alcohol-dependent (AD) patients (age, 40.7 +/- 7.3 years) was compared using the
      Chinese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS
      III). RESULTS: The average full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, performance IQ, verbal
      comprehension index, working memory index, perceptual organization index, and
      processing speed index was 82.3 +/- 10.8, 84.3 +/- 11.9, 81.9 +/- 12.1, 85.5 +/-
      11.9, 84.7 +/- 12.5, 85.4 +/- 13.6, and 78.5 +/- 12.7 in MIP patients and 90.5 +/
      12.0, 95.2 +/- 11.3, 86.0 +/- 13.7, 95.5 +/- 11.0, 87.1 +/- 14.5, 96.2 +/- 13.1,
      and 84.5 +/- 15.0 in AD patients, respectively. There were six MIP patients
      (17.6%) whose full-scale IQ was <70 and 13 (38.2%) whose full-scale IQ was <85
      and >70, while one AD patient had a full-scale IQ <70 (2.9%) and 10 (22%) had
      full-scale IQ <85 and >70. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of methamphetamine can
      result not only in psychosis, but also in mentality deterioration. Intelligence
      deterioration is more severe in clinical MIP patients than AD patients.
      Assessment of the mentality of MIP patients is suggested to help with the
      implementation of rehabilitative programs for these patients.

PMID- 19968831
TI  - Behavioral problems and parenting style among Taiwanese children with autism and
      their siblings.
AB  - AIMS: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the behavioral problems
      and parenting style among children with autism and their siblings in an ethnic
      Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 151 children with DSM-IV autistic
      disorder, aged 3-12, 134 siblings without autism, and 113 normally developing
      controls were recruited. Both parents reported their parenting styles and
      psychological status and mothers also reported children's behavioral problems.
      RESULTS: Children with autism had significantly more severe behavioral problems
      and obtained less affection and more overprotection and authoritarian controlling
      from their parents than the other two groups. Compared to the controls,
      unaffected siblings showed some behavioral problems, and obtained less maternal
      care. Withdrawal and attention, social, and thought problems were the most
      associated behavioral syndromes to distinguish children with autism from those
      without. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to children with autism, who have a wide range
      of behavioral problems and impaired parent-child interactions, their siblings may
      be at risk for such problems.

PMID- 19968832
TI  - Relationship of psychopathological symptoms and cognitive function to subjective
      quality of life in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
AB  - AIMS: The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent of the effects
      of psychopathological symptoms and cognitive function on quality of life (QOL) in
      patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: Data were obtained using the
      Japanese Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (JSQLS), Positive and Negative
      Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST) Keio version, and
      Continuous Performance Test (CPT) for 52 schizophrenia patients. RESULTS:
      Stepwise regression analysis showed that PANSS depression/anxiety factors
      predicted JSQLS psychosocial conditions and motivation/energy, and that WCST
      Categories Achieved predicted JSQLS symptoms/side-effects. CONCLUSIONS:
      Psychopathological symptoms and cognitive function affect subjective QOL in
      patients with schizophrenia. If the final goal is treatment that improves QOL in
      a manner that patients themselves are aware of, clinicians probably need to
      consider a treatment strategy that improves depression/anxiety symptom.

PMID- 19968833
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine on antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia: eight
      week randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.
AB  - AIM: The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of
      bromocriptine treatment for patients with antipsychotic-drug-induced
      hyperprolactinemia in clinical practice. METHODS: This was an 8-week randomized,
      single-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Sixty female schizophrenia
      patients were enrolled and were randomly assigned to one of four treatment
      groups: bromocriptine 2.5 mg/day, 5 mg/day, 10 mg/day, and placebo. Serum levels
      of prolactin, estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) were evaluated on three occasions (baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks
      after commencement of the treatment paradigm). Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and
      clinical symptoms were assessed using the Simpson-Angus scale and the Positive
      and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), respectively. RESULTS: Of the 60 subjects
      who were enrolled, 48 completed the study (n = 14, 13, 11, and 10 in the
      bromocriptine 2.5 mg/day, 5 mg/day, and 10 mg/day, and placebo groups,
      respectively). Four patients in the 10-mg/day group, two in the 5-mg/day group,
      and one in the placebo group resumed menses during the study. The mean level of
      prolactin significantly decreased from baseline to week 4, and then plateaued,
      showing no significant change for the remaining 4 weeks of the study. No
      significant changes in LH, FSH, or E2 levels were observed throughout the 8-week
      study period, either within or between groups. CONCLUSION: Administration of
      bromocriptine is a safe method for treating antipsychotic-drug-induced
      hyperprolactinemia without exacerbating either psychotic symptoms or EPS.

PMID- 19968834
TI  - Multiple factors affecting superovulation in Poll Dorset in China.
AB  - To expand the breeding flock of Poll Dorset sheep in China, multiple ovulation
      and embryo transfer breeding program was applied to the limited number of
      imported Australian Poll Dorset sheep. This study investigated the effects of FSH
      from three different manufacturers, parity (nulliparous vs multiparous), repeated
      superovulation, oestrus induction, corpus luteum regression and oestrus delay on
      Poll Dorset superovulation. The results showed that gonadotropin FSH from Canada
      Folltropin-V (Ca-FSH) was successfully used for superovulatory treatment with 160
      mg-200 mg dosage per ewe and recovered 12.91 +/- 7.80 embryos. Multiparous ewes
      for superovulation treatment were significantly better nulliparous ewes (p<0.05).
      The successive superovalution treatment reduced significantly embryo collection
      but did not affect transferable embryo number. Ewes with natural oestrus resulted
      in significantly higher number of embryos (13.83 +/- 4.64) and of transferable
      embryos (12.00 +/- 5.76) than ewes with induced oestrus (7.00 +/- 4.92; 4.22 +/-
      3.42) and unknown oestrus cycle (5.94 +/- 3.38; 3.19 +/- 2.56, p<0.05). The
      delayed oestrus ewes at 24 h after superovulatory treatment produced
      significantly fewer embryos and transferable embryos (0.92 +/- 1.51 vs 0.42 +/-
      0.90) than those with normal oestrus (p<0.01). Furthermore, the more transferable
      embryos were recovered from ewes with normal corpus luteum than those with corpus
      luteum regression (5.88 +/- 5.09 vs 3.59 +/- 4.30 and 8.83 +/- 5.75 vs. 6.66 +/-
      5.41, p<0.01). These results suggest that in our farm practice, a comprehensive
      treatment method by using the Canadian FSH (Folltropin-V), plus choosing
      multiparous and natural oestrus ewes with normal corpus luteum might obtain an
      optimum embryo collection and embryos transfer in sheep.

PMID- 19968835
TI  - Clinical, ultrasonographic and pathological findings in a bull with segmental
      aplasia of the mesonephric duct.
AB  - On assessment for use in an AI stud, a 12-month-old bull was found to produce low
      volume ejaculates with 41% of the sperm having morphological abnormalities. No
      left epididymal tail was palpable and the head of the epididymis on the left was
      twice the size compared with the right. Ultrasound examination showed the left
      testis to contain a large central area of decreased echogenicity, which could be
      followed proximally to a 15-mm echolucent lesion at the site of the epididymal
      head. Postmortem examination revealed a 15-mm diameter cyst in the region of the
      left epididymal head, and absence of the body and tail of the epididymis. The
      mediastinum testis of the left testis was dilated, corresponding to the area of
      decreased echogenicity observed on ultrasonography. No left seminal vesicle was
      present and the ampulla was significantly smaller than the same structure on the
      right. Histological examination revealed incomplete or absent spermatogenesis
      involving the majority of seminiferous tubules in the left testis, and a small
      proportion of those of the right testis. The cystic structure at the site of the
      left epididymal head was lined by irregular, sometimes attenuated, epithelium and
      contained sparse spermatozoa. This case demonstrates the adverse impact, which
      segmental aplasia of the mesonephric duct had on the testicular and epididymal
      function of a bull, and highlights the importance of careful clinical assessment
      in its diagnosis.

PMID- 19968836
TI  - Follicular, oocyte and embryo features related to metabolic status in primiparous
      lactating does fed with high-fibre rearing diets.
AB  - Fertility of primiparous lactating does in the early postpartum (pp) period is
      very low mainly due to pronounced deficient energy intake, influencing oocyte and
      embryo developmental competence. The hypothesis used in this work was that high
      lignin fibre diet supplied during the rearing period could increase feed intake
      and, consequently, improve the reproductive physiology and metabolic status of
      primiparous does in the early pp period. Diets with high-lignin [HL: 15.8% dry
      matter (DM)] or standard-lignin content (SL: 4.9% DM) were supplied until
      parturition time. No diet effects in serum oestradiol, progesterone
      concentrations and follicle categories were found in the histological study.
      Metaphase II rate of in vitro-matured oocytes was significantly higher in the SL
      vs the HL group (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmically degenerated oocytes (in terms of
      abnormal distribution of cortical granules) and follicular atresia rate were
      significantly lower in the SL group than in the HL group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005
      respectively). In addition, HL-fed does showed lower number of viable embryos and
      higher rate of retarded in vivo-recovered embryos compared with the SL group (p <
      0.05). Neither in vitro embryo development of viable embryos nor conception rate
      was significantly different between groups. Feed intake increased during the
      first pregnancy in the HL group (p < 0.05), but not during early lactation. Serum
      protein, non-esterified fatty acid and leptin concentrations, as well as
      estimated body composition were similar in does fed with both diets. In
      conclusion, the enhancement of reproductive management by using highly lignified
      products in rearing diets does not seem to report physiological reproductive
      benefits affecting oocyte maturation rate and embryo viability in primiparous
      lactating does.

PMID- 19968837
TI  - Expression and hormonal regulation of E-cadherin in canine uterus during early
      pregnancy.
AB  - E-cadherin, a Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule, is necessary for
      endometrial receptivity to blastocyst implantation. The aim of this study was to
      investigate the differential expression of E-cadherin in canine uterus during
      early pregnancy and its regulation under different conditions by in situ
      hybridization. E-cadherin mRNA expression was at a low level in the glandular
      epithelium on days 6, 12 and 17 of pregnancy. On days 20 and 23 of pregnancy, E
      cadherin mRNA was highly expressed in the glandular epithelium surrounding the
      embryo, but not in the luminal epithelium and declined in villi and placenta on
      day 28 of pregnancy. During oestrous cycle, a moderate level of E-cadherin mRNA
      expression was found in the luminal and glandular epithelium of canine uteri at
      oestrus stage. The same expression was also found at anoestrus stage.
      Progesterone slightly induced the expression of E-cadherin mRNA in the luminal
      and glandular epithelium of ovariectomized canine uterus. These results suggest
      that E-cadherin expression is closely related to canine implantation and can be
      up-regulated by progesterone.

PMID- 19968838
TI  - Improved prediction of ovulation time may increase pregnancy rates to artificial
      insemination in lactating dairy cattle.
AB  - A prospective observational study was conducted in two Australian dairy herds to
      assess the potential for improving pregnancy rates (proportions of inseminations
      that result in pregnancy) to artificial insemination (AI) if the time of
      ovulation could be predicted with more certainty. Herd 1 calved year-round and
      inseminations were performed during two periods each day. Herd 2 calved during
      autumn-winter and inseminations were performed only after the morning milking
      each day. In both herds, the AI to ovulation interval of enrolled cows was
      determined by trans-rectal ovarian ultrasonography approximately 0, 12, 24 and 36
      h after AI, and pregnancy was assessed by palpation per rectum 35-56 days after
      AI. Also, in Herd 1 vaginal electrical resistance (VER) measurements were taken
      at approximately 0, 12, 24 and 36 h after AI, and in Herd 2 cows were fitted with
      neck mounted activity meters that monitored cow activity count in 2-h periods.
      There was substantial variation in the intervals from AI to ovulation within and
      between herds (mean +/- SD 21.2 +/- 10.7, n = 102; 14.7 +/- 10.4, n = 100 in
      herds 1 and 2, respectively). Pregnancy rates were higher for inseminations close
      to, but preceding, ovulation. Using combined herd data (n = 202), the highest
      pregnancy rate (50.8%) was observed for inseminations between 0 and 16 h before
      ovulation, a period in which only a modest proportion of inseminations (31.2%)
      occurred. In contrast, pregnancy rate was significantly lower (28.7%; risk ratio
      0.6; 95% CI 0.4-1.0; p = 0.039) for inseminations between 16 and 32 h before
      ovulation, a period where the highest proportion of inseminations (53.2%)
      occurred. Thus pregnancy rates could potentially be improved if a greater
      proportion of inseminations were conducted shortly before ovulation. In Herd 1,
      mean VER during the peri-ovulatory period varied with time from ovulation. Lowest
      values (mean +/- SEM, VER = 64.8 +/- 1.2, n = 55) occurred approximately 18 h
      before ovulation and were significantly lower than measurements approximately 6 h
      before ovulation (67.4 +/- 1.0; n = 73; p = 0.003). Further work is required to
      determine if VER can be used to identify ovulation time and hence the optimal
      time to inseminate in individual animals. In Herd 2 a modest proportion of
      inseminations (26.9%) occurred between 24 and 40 h after the onset of increased
      cow activity where the highest pregnancy rate (67.9%) was observed, whereas a
      significantly lower pregnancy rate (42.4%; risk ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.9; p =
      0.036) was observed for inseminations between 8 and 24 h after the onset of
      increased cow activity where the highest proportion of inseminations (56.7%)
      occurred. Thus cow activity monitoring may be useful to identify the optimal time
      to inseminate cows. Results from this study indicate that improved methods of
      ovulation prediction may allow better insemination timing relative to ovulation
      and consequently increased pregnancy rates.

PMID- 19968839
TI  - Antibody drop in newborns congenitally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi treated with
      benznidazole.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the drop of Chagas antibody titres between non-infected and
      congenitally infected newborns treated by two doses of benznidazole, aiming at
      evaluating the recovery time and giving recommendations regarding serological
      criteria of recovery. METHODS: During a clinical trial, the drop of Trypanosoma
      cruzi antibody titres measured by ELISA tests was followed during the first year
      of life in congenitally infected newborns treated with different doses of
      benznidazole and compared to T. cruzi antibody titres in non-parasitaemic
      newborns. Confirmation of recovery was given by two negative serological tests:
      Chagas Stat-Pak (CSP) (immunochromatography) and Chagatest v3.0 (ELISA). RESULTS:
      In non-parasitaemic infants of infected mothers, antibodies of maternal origin
      disappeared in <8 months while in infected infants, T. cruzi antibodies decreased
      more slowly and disappeared in 9-16 months allowing to confirm the recovery. All
      CSP tests were negative before the ninth month while about 10% of ELISA tests
      remained positive at the 12th month. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery may be confirmed in
      most cases at 10 months. The CSP test was compared to Chagatest v3.0 ELISA and
      appeared to give a reliable response. The decrease rate of antibodies does not
      depend on treatment modes.

PMID- 19968840
TI  - Haematological and biochemistry laboratory abnormalities associated with
      splenomegaly in asymptomatic adults in Masaka, Uganda: implications for HIV
      biomedical prevention trials.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the degree of haematological and biochemistry abnormalities
      associated with splenomegaly in asymptomatic adults in order to determine whether
      they may be eligible for inclusion in HIV biomedical prevention trials. METHODS:
      Asymptomatic adults (50% women) aged 18-60 with splenomegaly (>or=grade II by
      Hackett's classification) who agreed to provide blood and urine specimens for
      laboratory testing were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study.
      Volunteers who were menstruating, pregnant, infected with HIV, syphilis or
      Hepatitis B and C, or had significant clinical findings were excluded.
      Haematological and biochemistry laboratory evaluations were performed for
      enrolled volunteers, and the results were compared to local reference ranges. The
      proportion of volunteers with out-of-range (OOR) values was estimated for each
      parameter. Linear regression models were fitted to investigate the association
      between grade of splenomegaly and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proportion of
      volunteers with OOR haematology values ranged from 4.5% (mean corpuscular volume)
      and 15% (CD4 cells) to 31% (basophils). Increasing spleen size was significantly
      associated with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and low CD4 count. OOR biochemistry
      values were found in about 10% of volunteers. Increasing spleen size was
      associated with reduced creatinine phosphokinase and creatinine (in men) and
      raised lactate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSIONS: In areas with a high prevalence of
      splenomegaly, most asymptomatic individuals with this condition have haematology
      and biochemistry values that fall within the local reference ranges, and they
      could therefore be eligible for inclusion in HIV biomedical prevention trials.
      However, the effect of splenomegaly on certain parameters should be taken into
      account during interpretation of laboratory-based adverse events.

PMID- 19968841
TI  - A study to demonstrate freedom from Trichinella spp. in domestic pigs in
      Switzerland.
AB  - Trichinellosis is a food-borne zoonotic disease caused by the nematode
      Trichinella spp. Many omnivorous and carnivorous animal species can act as host
      for this parasite, including domestic pigs. To protect public health, it should
      be ensured that pork should not contain infective Trichinella larvae.
      Surveillance for Trichinella spp. can be done using direct (larval detection) and
      indirect (antibody detection) diagnostic techniques. The aim of this study was to
      demonstrate the absence of infection in Swiss domestic pigs. An ELISA was used as
      the initial screening test, and sera reacting in ELISA were further investigated
      using both a Western blot for serology and an artificial digestion test with 20 g
      of diaphragm tissue for larval detection. A total of 7412 adult pigs, 9973
      finishing pigs and 2779 free-ranging pigs were tested. Samples from 17 (0.23%)
      adult pigs, 16 (0.16%) finishing pigs and nine (0.32%) free-ranging pigs were
      ELISA-positive, but all of these sera were subsequently negative by Western blot
      and by the artificial digestion method. Based on these findings, an absence of
      Trichinella infections in adult pigs (target prevalence 0.04%) and finishing pigs
      (target prevalence 0.03%) can be concluded. The results also demonstrated that
      the prevalence of Trichinella infections does not exceed 0.11% in free-ranging
      pigs, the group with the highest risk of exposure.

PMID- 19968842
TI  - Cryptosporidium recovered from Musca domestica, Musca sorbens and mango juice
      accessed by synanthropic flies in Bahirdar, Ethiopia.
AB  - The study was conducted to determine the role of house flies, Musca domestica and
      Musca sorbens to carry Cryptosporidium species in natural environment and filth
      flies potential for contamination of food item they visited using acid-fast stain
      technique. Cryptosporidium was identified from flies collected in dairy cow
      barns, butchery, market and defecating grounds. Musca domestica captured from
      dairy cow barns and M. sorbens from defecating ground were found carrying more
      oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocyst load per fly for M. domestica and M.
      sorbens was 5.84 and 3.42, respectively. Flies' population dynamics in each month
      had little relation to the monthly oocyst frequency, r = 0.06 and 0.02 for M.
      domestica and M. sorbens, respectively. Cryptosporidium species oocysts were
      isolated from frozen mango juice, which filth flies visited in dairy farm barn.
      Load of oocysts in the mango juice was dependent on time contact of flies with
      mango juice and more oocysts were recovered (P < 0.05) in mango juice samples
      accessed by filth flies for longer period. Role of filth flies to carry and
      deposit Cryptosporidium species oocyst for development of food-borne
      cryptosporidiosis is signified.

PMID- 19968843
TI  - A retrospective survey of human hydatidosis based on hospital records during the
      period 1990-2003 in Ngorongoro, Tanzania.
AB  - A 13-year (1990-2003) retrospective study was carried out to investigate the
      occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in patients at Wasso hospital in
      Ngorongoro district, Tanzania. Hospitalization records were reviewed and
      confirmed cases of CE were classified according to ward of residence, age, sex,
      cyst location and type. A total of 171 hydatidosis patients were diagnosed and
      operated giving an average of 13 cases per year, equivalent to approximately 10
      cases per 100,000 people per year. Cystic echinococcosis affected more females
      (59.1%) than males (40.9%). A significantly higher number of CE cases were
      recorded in individuals <30 years of age (22.8-30.4%) than in those >30 years of
      age (2.3-9.4%) (P < 0.05). High proportion of CE (81.5%) occurred in the liver
      than in other sites, and more females had higher hepatic cysts (47.4%) than males
      (31.0%). Solitary cysts and single organ involvement were noted in 81.5% cases
      and multiple cysts in 18.5% cases. Higher multiple organ infections (14.1%) and
      cyst recurrences (5.3%) were also recorded in females. Orgosorok ward had the
      highest number (18.7%) of CE cases, while Nainokanoka had the lowest (1.2%). It
      was concluded that CE infection occurs frequently in humans in Ngorongoro
      district and female and youths are those most affected. These findings merit for
      more extensive epidemiological investigations of CE in human to better determine
      the prevalence, economic impact and risk factors for the disease in this district
      and other areas of Tanzania.

PMID- 19968844
TI  - Cessation of Trichinella spiralis transmission among scavenging mammals after the
      removal of infected pigs from a poorly managed farm: implications for trichinae
      transmission in the US.
AB  - Pigs infected with the zoonotic parasite Trichinella spiralis were detected on a
      farm in Maryland during an animal welfare investigation. Sera and/or tissues were
      collected from 49 pigs and three pig carcasses (7 weeks of age to adult, mixed
      sex). The tissues were tested for the presence of T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML)
      by tissue digestion, and the sera were tested for the presence of anti
      Trichinella antibodies by ELISA. Seventeen of 50 (34%) pigs were infected with T.
      spiralis based on tissue digestion. Of these 17 pigs, sera were collected from
      16; nine were serologically positive, three sera had OD values that were very
      close to the positive cut-off (0.30), but were still negative, and four were
      negative (suggesting that they had become infected within a few weeks of
      testing). All pigs that tested negative by tissue digestion for ML were also
      ELISA negative. The farm was subsequently depopulated of pigs. Six months later,
      testing of trapped scavenging mammals in the farm environment demonstrated that
      41% were infected with T. spiralis. After 12 months, 10% of trapped animals were
      T. spiralis positive, and after 18 months, T. spiralis could not be detected in
      the scavenging mammal population surrounding the farm. Results of the study
      suggest that T. spiralis, typically transmitted in the peridomestic rat-pig-human
      cycle in the US, was not maintained in scavenging mammals in the absence of
      infected pigs.

PMID- 19968845
TI  - Reducing Campylobacter and Salmonella infection: two studies of the economic cost
      and attitude to adoption of on-farm biosecurity measures.
AB  - To date there has been little research in the UK on farmer adoption of
      biosecurity measures to control food-borne zoonoses that have little or no impact
      on animal health or production but which threaten public health.
      Campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis are the two most common causes of food-borne
      infectious intestinal disease in people in Great Britain, causing approximately
      57,000 and 13,000 reported cases in 2007 respectively (Anon 2008a) with an
      important cost to society. Poultry are an important source of both infections,
      while pigs may also contribute to human salmonellosis. However, these infections
      in poultry and pigs seldom cause disease. Research has shown that improved farm
      biosecurity may reduce the prevalence of these infections in livestock and if the
      majority of farmers were prepared to enhance biosecurity then there could be an
      important impact on public health. This article reports on the findings of two
      studies of farmer attitudes to and cost of the adoption of on-farm biosecurity
      measures to reduce the risk of animal diseases and therefore enhance food safety.
      One study, of Campylobacter infection among broiler flocks, is based on a survey
      of farmers faced with a hypothetical biosecurity intervention, while the other
      study, of Salmonella infection among pigs, is based on the participation of a
      group of farmers in an intervention study. In both cases, the results show a
      clear inverse relationship between the willingness of farmers to adopt a
      biosecurity measure and its estimated cost. This finding has implications for the
      success of on-farm biosecurity-enhancement policies based on voluntary adoption
      by farmers. In particular, financial inducements or penalties to farmers could be
      necessary to facilitate adoption of these measures.

PMID- 19968846
TI  - Programme to vaccinate poultry workers against seasonal influenza: options for
      delivery in the East of England.
AB  - Avian influenza A (H5N1) has spread to the UK causing outbreaks in commercial
      poultry. Vaccination of poultry workers with seasonal influenza has been advised
      to prevent a viral mutation that could facilitate human-to-human transmission,
      causing a new pandemic strain. This project aimed to determine delivery options
      and costs of a vaccination programme targeted at poultry workers. Data from the
      Great Britain Poultry Register were used to understand the distribution of the
      target population. A stakeholders group in the East of England (EoE) discussed
      delivery options. An options appraisal is used to prioritize these options. There
      are over 10,000 poultry workers distributed throughout the EoE. Five delivery
      options were considered (industry's occupational health services, via general
      practitioners as a Directed or Locally Enhanced Services, via other community
      healthcare providers and a commercial provider). Delivery is likely to cost
      between L35,414 and L182,899 (or L10.18-L48.93 per person vaccinated) in the EoE,
      depending on delivery mechanism, target threshold and level of uptake. Delivering
      through a commercial provider was the preferred option. Whichever way the
      programme is delivered it should be cost-neutral to the Primary Care Trust (PCT).
      Otherwise PCTs may see themselves having to prioritize between vaccinating
      poultry workers against other pressing programmes.

PMID- 19968847
TI  - No evidence of transmission of bacteria between reptiles and a CF patient--a case
      report of a young adult CF patient and reptiles.
AB  - A microbiological study was undertaken to assess the risk of infection to a CF
      patient from a collection of pet reptiles, particularly atypical mycobacteria.
      This study helped to verify that the reptiles under the care of the CF patient
      did not harbour bacterial organisms that would normally be pathogenic to CF
      patients. However, the chronic carriage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other
      pathogens in the CF patient may constitute a greater risk of infection to the
      animals being handled. Therefore, we recommend stringent infection control
      precautions by CF patients and their pets, particularly adherence to hand washing
      and disinfection, when handling the animals, their litter or when working with
      their immediate environment, to potentially minimize the spread of bacterial and
      other pathogens from animal to human and vice versa. Detailed risk assessments
      therefore need to be undertaken by clinicians and veterinarians to detail working
      models that protect both animals and patients from pathogens originating from the
      other.

PMID- 19968848
TI  - Epidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in ovine breeding.
AB  - An outbreak of toxoplasmosis occurring in a typical farm of 524 ovines was
      monitored for 1 year after the occurrence of 31 abortions. Abortion events
      involved 7.2% of 430 pregnant sheep. Presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii
      in sheep sera was investigated by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT).
      A total of 422 ewes were bled four times during the year, and an epidemiological
      analysis was performed on all serology data collected in this subgroup. The
      prevalence of IgG positives ranged from 31.52% (133/422) at the first sampling to
      62.56% (264/422) at the fourth sampling. Incidence of IgG antibodies was 38.75%
      at the second sampling, 14.92% at the third and 29.28% at the fourth sampling. At
      the beginning of the study, prevalence was 70.7% in primiparous sheep and 20.9%
      in sheep older than 5 years; at the third sampling, prevalence was stable at 70%
      in pluriparous sheep. The mean prevalence of IgM antibodies was 14.87%. A total
      of 147 out of all 524 ovines of the flock tested positive for IgM in more than
      one sampling. After an initial positivity, 60 sheep tested negative for IgG at
      the following serological controls (4 between the first and the second sampling,
      30 between the second and the third and 28 between the third and the fourth
      sampling). One stray cat was positive for IgG, with a titre of 1 : 320. Moreover,
      one of the farmers was also positive, with a titre of 1 : 160 for IgG. A positive
      PCR result for T. gondii DNA was also observed in aliquots of grain and pellets
      taken from feed stocks amassed inside the sheds without protection, suggesting
      that an adequate management of the farm might be useful, if not essential, for
      controlling T. gondii outbreaks in ovine flocks.

PMID- 19968849
TI  - Phylogenetic analysis of rabies viruses from Burkina Faso, 2007.
AB  - Genetic characterization of 32 canine rabies viruses circulating in Burkina Faso
      in 2007 identified two clades both belonging to the Africa 2 lineage. Sequence
      homology data suggest that transboundary spread is the most likely means of
      introduction, highlighting an evolving epidemiological situation.

PMID- 19968850
TI  - Identification of risk factors of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) infection in
      veterinary-associated populations in southern Taiwan.
AB  - The first case of Q fever in Taiwan was reported in 1993. The disease is
      considered to be emerging in Taiwan, but the route of transmission has remained
      unclear. The annual number of confirmed Q fever cases has been increasing up to
      more than 100 cases since 2005, comparing with less than 30 before 2003. The
      purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of
      Coxiella burnetii infection in veterinary-associated populations in southern
      Taiwan. A total of 228 serum samples of high risk individuals engaging in
      veterinary-related work or animal-farm work, were collected between March and
      June in 2007. The study individuals were interviewed by a structured
      questionnaire designed for Q fever investigation. Serum samples from different
      animal species were also obtained for Q fever analysis in the same study areas.
      Serological test was conducted by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay
      (IFA). The result demonstrated the overall seroprevalence of Q fever was 26.3% in
      individuals engaging in veterinary and animal-related work in southern Taiwan.
      After multiple logistic regression analysis, goat exposure was significantly
      associated with seropositivity of Q fever in the study population in southern
      Taiwan (adjusted odds ratio: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.06-6.46). In addition, the highest
      seroprevalence (43.8%) of Q fever was identified in goats (P < 0.05). Finally,
      this study documented that people with prior knowledge of Q fever were less
      likely to be seropositive for C. burnetii. It was concluded that goat exposure
      was the most important risk factor associated with C. burnetii infection and
      appropriate health education could be useful to prevent high risk individuals
      from the infection in southern Taiwan.

PMID- 19968851
TI  - Detection of Coxiella burnetii by nested PCR in bulk milk samples from dairy
      bovine, ovine, and caprine herds in Iran.
AB  - The epidemiology of Q-fever in Iran is essentially unknown. This study was
      conducted to determine the prevalence rate of Coxiella burnetii in bulk milk
      samples from dairy bovine, ovine, and caprine herds in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari
      province, Iran. In this study, 376 bulk milk samples from 79 dairy bovine, ovine,
      and caprine herds were tested for C. burnetii using a nested PCR assay. The
      animals whose milk samples collected for this study were clinically healthy. In
      total, 13 of 210 (6.2%) bovine milk samples were positive; the positive samples
      originated from 5 of 28 (17.9%) commercial dairy herds. All 110 ovine bulk milk
      samples from 31 sheep breeding farms were negative and only 1 of 56 (1.8%)
      caprine bulk milk samples from 20 goat breeding farms was positive for C.
      burnetii. Although no extensive prevalence study was undertaken, the results of
      this study indicate that clinically healthy cattle are important sources of C.
      burnetii infection in Iran. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of
      direct identification of C. burnetii by PCR in bulk milk samples from dairy
      bovine and caprine herds in Iran. Further intensive prevalence studies on
      Coxiella infection among farmers, milk-processing workers, veterinarians, and
      slaughterhouse workers and on possible dangers of dairy products will be needed
      to elucidate the epidemiology of Q fever in Iran.

PMID- 19968853
TI  - Low rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococcal colonization
      of veterinary personnel in Hong Kong.
AB  - Elevated rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage
      have been reported in veterinary personnel, suggesting an occupational
      colonization risk. Hong Kong veterinary personnel (n = 150) were sampled for
      coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) nasal colonization. Risk factors for
      colonization were assessed by questionnaire. Isolates were identified and
      antibiotic susceptibility determined. All CPS isolates were investigated for mecA
      carriage, SCCmec type and PVL genes. Two subjects were colonized with methicillin
      resistant CPS: one with MRSA (spa type t002 (CC5), SCCmec type II) and one with
      methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) (MLST type ST71,
      SCCmec type II-III). MLST type ST71 S. pseudintermedius strain is the predominant
      MRSP clone circulating in dogs in Europe and in Hong Kong. The low MR-CPS
      colonization rate may be associated with low levels of large animal exposure or
      low rates of MRSA colonization of companion animals in Hong Kong. Colonization
      with non-aureus CPS, which may cause human infection, must also be considered in
      veterinary personnel.

PMID- 19968852
TI  - Outbreak of brucellosis in domestic elk in Korea.
AB  - Seven of 18 elk on a deer farm were found by the official Rose-Bengal
      agglutination test (RBT) and tube agglutination test to be brucellosis
      reactors/suspects. Evaluation with the competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) and the
      fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) tests revealed that six and five sera were
      positive respectively. The seven reactors/ suspects were slaughtered and their
      blood and tissues were collected. Brucella species could be isolated from three
      of the slaughtered animals, with nine isolates being obtained from the popliteal,
      supramammary and submandibular lymph nodes, vaginal discharge, mammary tissue and
      spleen. Brucella genus-specific PCR based on 16S rRNA and AMOS-PCR, which is
      specific for differential Brucella species, revealed that all nine isolates were
      Brucella abortus. These nine were further confirmed to be B. abortus biovar 1 by
      classical biotyping scheme assays. This is the first report of an outbreak of
      brucellosis in domestic elk in Korea. Our observations suggest that deer should
      be included in the routine Brucella surveillance programme for the effective
      control and prevention of brucellosis in Korea.

PMID- 19968854
TI  - PCR detection of Shiga toxins, enterohaemolysin and intimin virulence genes of
      Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains isolated from faeces of Anatolian water
      buffaloes in Turkey.
AB  - The aim of this study was to detect Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2),
      enterohaemolysin (EhlyA) and intimin (eaeA) virulence genes of 11 Escherichia
      coli O157:H7 strains isolated from faecal samples of 300 clinically healthy
      Anatolian water buffaloes by PCR. Multiplex PCR was used for the detection of
      stx1 and stx2, and singleplex PCRs were used for the detection of EhlyA and eaeA
      virulence genes respectively. A total of three (27.3%) strains were determined to
      harbour both of the stx1 and stx2 genes, of these, one (9.1%) only harboured
      these two genes alone, one (9.1%) also contained the EhlyA gene and one (9.1%)
      additionally contained the EhlyA and the eaeA genes. EhlyA gene was obtained from
      eight (72.7%) strains, six (54.5%) of these were alone. eaeA gene was positive in
      only one (9.1%) strain. Only one (9.1%) of the 11 E. coli O157:H7 strains
      harboured all the four virulence genes. Two (18.2%) of the isolates had none of
      the virulence genes. Enterohaemolysin was found to be the most common virulence
      factor. In conclusion, the virulence factors of E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated
      from the faeces of Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated and detected for
      the first time in Turkey.

PMID- 19968856
TI  - High prevalence of Salmonella in tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae), and
      susceptibility of the serotypes to antibiotics.
AB  - Species of tegu (Tupinambis) are the largest lizards in South America. Large
      numbers of these lizards are hunted; there is a vigorous trade in their skins and
      the meat is consumed by rural and native peoples. The animals are also bred in
      captivity, an economic activity for rural populations which can help in the
      animals' conservation. Faecal samples from 30 captive-born tegus were analysed
      for the presence of Salmonella in two separate samplings. In the first analysis,
      samples from 26 animals (87%) yielded Salmonella enterica of which 23% were of
      Rubislaw serotype; 20% Carrau and Agona serotypes; 7% Infantis and Saint-Paul
      serotypes; 3% Panama and Brandenburg serotypes; 10% were S. enterica subsp.
      enterica and 7% were rough form. In the second analysis, four tegus (13%) which
      had been negative in the first sampling were positive, thus, 100% of the animals
      studied carried the bacterium. Antibiotic susceptibility showed resistance to
      sulfonamide in 82% of the isolates, streptomycin in 64%, tetracycline in 6% and
      Chloramphenicol in 20%. Two animals carried strains of the same serotype with
      different patterns of antibiotic susceptibility. Although it is well known that
      reptiles are a significant source of Salmonella, to our knowledge, its prevalence
      in tegu has not been studied previously.

PMID- 19968855
TI  - Public health argument to retain current UK national controls for tick and
      tapeworms under the Pet Travel Scheme.
AB  - At present, the European Council is debating whether the current national
      controls under the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS), which aims to prevent the
      introduction of rabies and tapeworms or live ticks and their associated diseases
      into the United Kingdom (UK), should be harmonized amongst European Union (EU)
      Member States. There is a strong case to support the retention of control
      measures on human health grounds. Although many are aware of the implications of
      rabies infection, few realize the risk to the UK population if current tick and
      tapeworm controls under PETS were to be removed. If this were to occur, there is
      a risk that a number of diseases of human health importance may be introduced and
      become established in the UK. Such diseases include alveolar echinococcosis, tick
      borne encephalitis, tularaemia and Mediterranean spotted fever; all of which are
      found in other EU Member States but do not occur in the UK. These four diseases
      are responsible for a significant burden of disease in Europe, and current
      national controls under PETS have been highly effective in so far preventing
      their introduction into the UK.

PMID- 19968857
TI  - Use of aspiration method for collecting brain samples for rabies diagnosis in
      small wild animals.
AB  - In developing countries such as Brazil, where canine rabies is still a
      considerable problem, samples from wildlife species are infrequently collected
      and submitted for screening for rabies. A collaborative study was established
      involving environmental biologists and veterinarians for rabies epidemiological
      research in a specific ecological area located at the Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
      The wild animals' brains are required to be collected without skull damage
      because the skull's measurements are important in the identification of the
      captured animal species. For this purpose, samples from bats and small mammals
      were collected using an aspiration method by inserting a plastic pipette into the
      brain through the magnum foramen. While there is a progressive increase in the
      use of the plastic pipette technique in various studies undertaken, it is also
      appreciated that this method could foster collaborative research between wildlife
      scientists and rabies epidemiologists thus improving rabies surveillance.

PMID- 19968858
TI  - Endoribonucleases--enzymes gaining spotlight in mRNA metabolism.
AB  - The efficient turnover of messenger RNA represents an important mechanism that
      allows the cell to control gene expression. Until recently, the mechanism of mRNA
      decay was mainly attributed to exonucleases, comprising enzymes that degrade RNAs
      from the ends of the molecules. This article summarizes the endoribonucleases,
      comprising enzymes that cleave RNA molecules internally, which were identified in
      more recent years in eukaryotic mRNA metabolism. Endoribonucleases have received
      little attention in the past, based on the difficulty in their identification and
      a lack of understanding of their physiological significance. This review aims to
      compare the similarities and differences among this group of enzymes, as well as
      their known cellular functions. Despite the many differences in protein
      structure, and thus difficulties in identifying them based on amino acid
      sequence, most endoribonucleases possess essential cellular functions and have
      been shown to play an important role in mRNA turnover.

PMID- 19968859
TI  - The starch-binding capacity of the noncatalytic SBD2 region and the interaction
      between the N- and C-terminal domains are involved in the modulation of the
      activity of starch synthase III from Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - Starch synthase III from Arabidopsis thaliana contains an N-terminal region,
      including three in-tandem starch-binding domains, followed by a C-terminal
      catalytic domain. We have reported previously that starch-binding domains may be
      involved in the regulation of starch synthase III function. In this work, we
      analyzed the existence of protein interactions between both domains using pull
      down assays, far western blotting and co-expression of the full and truncated
      starch-binding domains with the catalytic domain. Pull-down assays and co
      purification analysis showed that the D(316-344) and D(495-535) regions in the D2
      and D3 domains, respectively, but not the individual starch-binding domains, are
      involved in the interaction with the catalytic domain. We also determined that
      the residues W366 and Y394 in the D2 domain are important in starch binding.
      Moreover, the co-purified catalytic domain plus site-directed mutants of the D123
      protein lacking these aromatic residues showed that W366 was key to the apparent
      affinity for the polysaccharide substrate of starch synthase III, whereas either
      of these amino acid residues altered ADP-glucose kinetics. In addition, the
      analysis of full-length and truncated proteins showed an almost complete
      restoration of the apparent affinity for the substrates and V(max) of starch
      synthase III. The results presented here suggest that the interaction of the N
      terminal starch-binding domains, particularly the D(316-344) and D(495-535)
      regions, with the catalytic domains, as well as the full integrity of the starch
      binding capacity of the D2 domain, are involved in the modulation of starch
      synthase III activity.

PMID- 19968860
TI  - Okadaic acid induces DNA fragmentation via caspase-3-dependent and caspase-3
      independent pathways in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells.
AB  - DNA fragmentation is a hallmark of apoptosis that occurs in a variety of cell
      types; however, it remains unclear whether caspase-3 is required for its
      induction. To investigate this, we produced caspase-3 knockout Chinese hamster
      ovary (CHO)-K1 cells and examined the effects of gene knockout and treatment with
      caspase-3 inhibitors. Okadaic acid (OA) is a potent inhibitor of the
      serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPs) PP1 and PP2A, which induce apoptotic
      cellular reactions. Treatment of caspase-3(-/-) cells with OA induced DNA
      fragmentation, indicating that caspase-3 is not an essential requirement.
      However, in the presence of benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (OMe)
      fluoromethylketone (z-DEVD-fmk), DNA fragmentation occurred in CHO-K1 cells but
      not in caspase-3(-/-) cells, suggesting that caspase-3 is involved in OA-induced
      DNA fragmentation that does not utilize DEVDase activity. In the absence of
      caspase-3, DEVDase activity may play an important role. In addition, OA-induced
      DNA fragmentation was reduced but not blocked in CHO-K1 cells, suggesting that
      caspase-3 is involved in caspase-independent OA-induced DNA fragmentation.
      Furthermore, OA-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation were blocked
      by pretreatment with the wide-ranging serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)
      benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride. These results suggest that serine
      proteases regulate DNA fragmentation upstream of caspase-3.

PMID- 19968861
TI  - Functions and cellular localization of cysteine desulfurase and selenocysteine
      lyase in Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - Nfs-like proteins have cysteine desulfurase (CysD) activity, which removes sulfur
      (S) from cysteine, and provides S for iron-sulfur cluster assembly and the
      thiolation of tRNAs. These proteins also have selenocysteine lyase activity in
      vitro, and cleave selenocysteine into alanine and elemental selenium (Se). It was
      shown previously that the Nfs-like protein called Nfs from the parasitic protist
      Trypanosoma brucei is a genuine CysD. A second Nfs-like protein is encoded in the
      nuclear genome of T. brucei. We called this protein selenocysteine lyase (SCL)
      because phylogenetic analysis reveals that it is monophyletic with known
      eukaryotic selenocysteine lyases. The Nfs protein is located in the
      mitochondrion, whereas the SCL protein seems to be present in the nucleus and
      cytoplasm. Unexpectedly, downregulation of either Nfs or SCL protein leads to a
      dramatic decrease in both CysD and selenocysteine lyase activities concurrently
      in the mitochondrion and the cytosolic fractions. Because loss of Nfs causes a
      growth phenotype but loss of SCL does not, we propose that Nfs can fully
      complement SCL, whereas SCL can only partially replace Nfs under our growth
      conditions.

PMID- 19968862
TI  - Patterns of contemporary hybridization inferred from paternity analysis in a four
      oak-species forest.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few studies address the issue of hybridization in a more than two
      species context. The species-rich Quercus complex is one of the systems which can
      offer such an opportunity. To investigate the contemporary pattern of
      hybridization we sampled and genotyped 320 offspring from a natural mixed forest
      comprising four species of the European white oak complex: Quercus robur, Q.
      petraea, Q. pubescens, and Q. frainetto. RESULTS: A total of 165 offspring were
      assigned unambiguously to one of the pollen donors within the study plot. The
      minimum amount of effective pollen originating from outside the plot varied
      markedly among the seed parents, ranging from 0.18 to 0.87. The majority of the
      successful matings (64.1%) occurred between conspecific individuals indicating
      the existence of reproductive barriers between oak species. However, the
      isolation was not complete since we found strong evidence for both first
      generation (8.4%) and later-generation hybrids (27.5%). Only two out of eight
      seed parents, belonging to Q. petraea and Q. robur, showed a high propensity to
      hybridize with Q. pubescens and Q. petraea, respectively. Significant structure
      of the effective pollen pools (Phipt=0.069, P=0.01) was detected in our sample.
      However, no support was found for the isolation by distance hypothesis. The
      proportion of hybrids was much higher (79%) in the seed generation when compared
      to the adult tree generation. CONCLUSION: First-generation hybrids were observed
      only between three out of six possible species combinations. Hybrids between one
      pair of species preferred to mate with one of their parental species. The
      observation of first and later-generation hybrids in higher frequency in acorns
      than in adults might be explained by selection against hybrid genotypes, the
      history of this uneven-aged forest or past introgression between species.

PMID- 19968863
TI  - Recent developments in multiple sclerosis therapeutics.
AB  - Multiple sclerosis, the most common neurologic disorder of young adults, is
      traditionally considered to be an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating disease
      of the central nervous system. Based on this understanding, the initial
      therapeutic strategies were directed at immune modulation and inflammation
      control. These approaches, including high-dose corticosteroids for acute relapses
      and long-term use of parenteral interferon-beta, glatiramer acetate or
      natalizumab for disease modification, are at best moderately effective. Growing
      evidence supports that, while an inflammatory pathology characterizes the early
      relapsing stage of multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative pathology dominates the
      later progressive stage of the disease. Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying
      therapies currently in development attempt to specifically target the underlying
      pathology at each stage of the disease, while avoiding frequent self-injection.
      These include a variety of oral medications and monoclonal antibodies to reduce
      inflammation in relapsing multiple sclerosis and agents intended to promote
      neuroprotection and neurorepair in progressive multiple sclerosis. Although newer
      therapies for relapsing MS have the potential to be more effective and easier to
      administer than current therapies, they also carry greater risks. Effective
      treatments for progressive multiple sclerosis are still being sought.

PMID- 19968864
TI  - Radiation therapy in primary orbital lymphoma: a single institution retrospective
      analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Primary orbital lymphoma is a rare disease that accounts for 10% of
      all orbital tumors. Radiotherapy on the orbital cavity is the treatment of choice
      for this unusual presentation of localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The aim
      of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and the toxicity
      of radiation treatment in patients with primary orbital lymphoma. METHODS: Forty
      seven consecutive patients having primary orbital lymphoma treated in our
      department between May 1983 and September 2006 were investigated in a
      retrospective study. Either 60Co gamma rays or 6 MV X rays were used to deliver
      daily fractions of 1.8 or 2.0 Gy, 5 times/week, with total doses ranging from
      34.2 to 50 Gy. Forty-three patients had stage IE, three had stage II and one
      stage IV disease. Thirty-eight patients had marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, 5
      diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 3 mantle cell lymphoma and 1 Burkitt lymphoma.
      Local control (LC), disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and late
      side effects were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS: With a median follow up of
      45 months, LC was obtained in 100% of patients. The estimated 5- and 7-year DFS
      rates were 75.8% and 55.3%, and the 5- and 7-year OS rates were 88.7% and 79.9%
      respectively. Acute toxicity was minimal. Late toxicity such as cataract,
      keratitis, retinopathy and xerophthalmia occurred respectively in 12 (25.5%), 5
      (10.6%), 1 (2.1%), and 9 (19.1%) patients. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy is an
      effective and at the same time well tolerated treatment for primary orbital
      lymphoma.

PMID- 19968865
TI  - A rapid and efficient method for studies of virus interaction at the host cell
      surface using enteroviruses and real-time PCR.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Measuring virus attachment to host cells is of great importance when
      trying to identify novel receptors. The presence of a usable receptor is a major
      determinant of viral host range and cell tropism. Furthermore, identification of
      appropriate receptors is central for the understanding of viral pathogenesis and
      gives possibilities to develop antiviral drugs. Attachment is presently measured
      using radiolabeled and subsequently gradient purified viruses. Traditional
      methods are expensive and time-consuming and not all viruses are stable during a
      purification procedure; hence there is room for improvement. Real-time PCR (RT
      PCR) has become the standard method to detect and quantify virus infections,
      including enteroviruses, in clinical samples. For instance, primers directed to
      the highly conserved 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the enterovirus genome
      enable detection of a wide spectrum of enteroviruses. Here, we evaluate the
      capacity of the RT-PCR technology to study enterovirus host cell interactions at
      the cell surface and compare this novel implementation with an established assay
      using radiolabeled viruses. RESULTS: Both purified and crude viral extracts of
      CVB5 generated comparable results in attachment studies when analyzed with RT
      PCR. In addition, receptor binding studies regarding viruses with coxsackie- and
      adenovirus receptor (CAR) and/or decay accelerating factor (DAF) affinity,
      further demonstrated the possibility to use RT-PCR to measure virus attachment to
      host cells. Furthermore, the RT-PCR technology and crude viral extracts was used
      to study attachment with low multiplicity of infection (0.05 x 10(-4)TCID50/cell)
      and low cell numbers (250), which implies the range of potential implementations
      of the presented technique. CONCLUSION: We have implemented the well-established
      RT-PCR technique to measure viral attachment to host cells with high accuracy and
      reproducibility, at low cost and with less effort than traditional methods.
      Furthermore, replacing traditional methods with RT-PCR offers the opportunity to
      use crude virus containing extracts to investigate attachment, which could be
      considered as a step towards viral attachment studies in a more natural state.

PMID- 19968866
TI  - Two new endemic genera and a new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the
      Western Ghats of India.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bufonidae are a large family of toads with a subcosmopolitan
      distribution. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed a radiation of
      toads (Adenominae) with distinct adult and larval ecomorphs on the Southern parts
      of the Indian subcontinent. The Indian torrential species "Ansonia" ornata has a
      basal position in this clade and does not group with South-East Asian Ansonia.
      Additionally, the nested position of "Bufo" koynayensis and an undescribed sister
      species, and their distinct ecologies including a non-typical egg-laying strategy
      within bufonids, support the recognition of a second distinct genus. In this
      paper we describe two new genera and one new species from the Adenominae clade.
      FINDINGS: Ansonia ornata Gunther, 1876 "1875" is transferred to Ghatophryne gen.
      nov., a genus of torrentially adapted toads that are endemic to the Western Ghats
      of India. On the basis of close morphological resemblance and distribution,
      Ansonia rubigina Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1981 is provisionally transferred to
      this new genus. The Western Ghats endemic toad Bufo koynayensis Soman, 1963 is
      transferred to a new genus Xanthophryne gen. nov. Based on molecular and
      morphological evidence, we additionally describe a new species, Xanthophryne
      tigerinus sp. nov., from Amboli in the Western Ghats. CONCLUSION: The
      descriptions and subsequent taxonomic changes we propose result in three genera
      of bufonids recognised as being endemic to the Western Ghats (Ghatophryne gen.
      nov., Xanthophryne gen. nov. and Pedostibes), and one to Sri Lanka (Adenomus).
      The spatial distribution, and arrangement of these lineages at the base of
      Adenominae diversification, reflects their Early Neogene isolation in the Western
      Ghats-Sri Lanka hotspot.

PMID- 19968867
TI  - Chromosome r(10)(p15.3q26.12) in a newborn child: case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ring chromosome 10 is a rare cytogenetic finding. Of the less than 10
      reported cases we have found in the literature, none was characterized using high
      resolution microarray analysis. Ring chromosomes are frequently unstable due to
      sister chromatid exchanges and mitotic failures. When mosaicism is present, the
      interpretation of genotype-phenotype correlations becomes extremely difficult.
      RESULTS: We report on a newborn girl with growth retardation, microcephaly,
      congenital heart defects, dysmorphic features and psychomotor retardation.
      Karyotyping revealed a non-mosaic apparently stable ring chromosome 10 replacing
      one of the normal homologues in all analyzed metaphases. High-resolution
      oligonucleotide microarray analysis showed a de novo approximately 12.5 Mb
      terminal deletion 10q26.12 -> qter and a corresponding 285 kb terminal deletion
      of 10pter -> p15.3. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that an increased nuchal
      translucency thickness detected by early ultrasonography should preferably lead
      to not only QF-PCR for the diagnosis of Down syndrome but also karyotyping. In
      the future, microarray analysis, which needs further evaluation, might become the
      method of choice. The clinical phenotype of our patient was in agreement with
      that of patients with a terminal 10q deletion. For the purpose of genotype
      phenotype analysis, there seems to be no need for a "ring syndrome" concept.

PMID- 19968868
TI  - Helping someone with problem drinking: mental health first aid guidelines - a
      Delphi expert consensus study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a leading risk factor for avoidable disease burden.
      Research suggests that a drinker's social network can play an integral role in
      addressing hazardous (i.e., high-risk) or problem drinking. Often however, social
      networks do not have adequate mental health literacy (i.e., knowledge about
      mental health problems, like problem drinking, or how to treat them). This is a
      concern as the response that a drinker receives from their social network can
      have a substantial impact on their willingness to seek help. This paper describes
      the development of mental health first aid guidelines that inform community
      members on how to help someone who may have, or may be developing, a drinking
      problem (i.e., alcohol abuse or dependence). METHODS: A systematic review of the
      research and lay literature was conducted to develop a 285-item survey containing
      strategies on how to help someone who may have, or may be developing, a drinking
      problem. Two panels of experts (consumers/carers and clinicians) individually
      rated survey items, using a Delphi process. Surveys were completed online or via
      postal mail. Participants were 99 consumers, carers and clinicians with
      experience or expertise in problem drinking from Australia, Canada, Ireland, New
      Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Items that reached consensus
      on importance were retained and written into guidelines. RESULTS: The overall
      response rate across all three rounds was 68.7% (67.6% consumers/carers, 69.2%
      clinicians), with 184 first aid strategies rated as essential or important by >
      or =80% of panel members. The endorsed guidelines provide guidance on how to:
      recognize problem drinking; approach someone if there is concern about their
      drinking; support the person to change their drinking; respond if they are
      unwilling to change their drinking; facilitate professional help seeking and
      respond if professional help is refused; and manage an alcohol-related medical
      emergency. CONCLUSION: The guidelines provide a consensus-based resource for
      community members seeking to help someone with a drinking problem. Improving
      community awareness and understanding of how to identify and support someone with
      a drinking problem may lead to earlier recognition of problem drinking and
      greater facilitation of professional help seeking.

PMID- 19968870
TI  - Involvement of cyclin B1 in progesterone-mediated cell growth inhibition, G2/M
      cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human endometrial cell.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Progesterone plays an important role in the proliferation and
      differentiation of human endometrial cells (hECs). Large-dose treatment with
      progesterone has been used for treatment of endometrial proliferative disorders.
      However, the mechanisms behind remain unknown. METHODS: To investigate the role
      of cyclin B1 in proliferation and differentiation of hECs in menstrual cycle, the
      expression of cyclin B1 throughout the menstrual cycle was evaluated in hECs. To
      determine the effects of progesterone on the proliferation, cell cycle
      progression and apoptosis of hECs and to test if cyclin B1 is involved in these
      effects, progesterone and/or Alsterpaullone (Alp, a specific inhibitor of Cyclin
      B1/Cdc2) were added to primary hECs. Cellular proliferation was evaluated with
      MTT test, cell cycle with propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry,
      apoptosis with FITC-Annexin V and the expression of cyclin B1 with Western
      blotting. RESULTS: The expression level of cyclin B1 in secretory endometria was
      significantly lower than in proliferative endometria (p < 0.01). Progesterone
      significantly inhibited the growth of hECs in a concentration-dependent manner (P
      < 0.01). The treatment with progesterone significantly decreased the expression
      of cyclin B1, increased the proportions of cell in G2/M phase, and apoptotic
      cells (P < 0.05 for all). The presence of Alp significantly enhanced the effects
      of progesterone on cyclin B1 down-regulation, G2/M cell cycle arrest and
      induction of apoptosis (P < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that
      cyclin B1 is a critical factor in proliferation and differentiation of hECs.
      Progesterone may inhibit cell proliferation, mediate G2/M cell cycle arrest and
      induce apoptosis in hECs via down-regulating Cyclin B1.

PMID- 19968871
TI  - Use of the emergency department for less-urgent care among type 2 diabetics under
      a disease management program.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the likelihood of less-urgent emergency
      department (ED) visits among type 2 diabetic patients receiving care under a
      diabetes disease management (DM) program offered by the Louisiana State
      University Health Care Services Division (LSU HCSD). METHODS: All ED and
      outpatient clinic visits made by 6,412 type 2 diabetic patients from 1999 to 2006
      were extracted from the LSU HCSD Disease Management (DM) Evaluation Database.
      Patient ED visits were classified as either urgent or less-urgent, and the
      likelihood of a less-urgent ED visit was compared with outpatient clinic visits
      using the Generalized Estimating Equation methodology for binary response to time
      dependent variables. RESULTS: Patients who adhered to regular clinic visit
      schedules dictated by the DM program were less likely to use the ED for less
      urgent care with odds ratio of 0.1585. Insured patients had 1.13 to 1.70 greater
      odds of a less-urgent ED visit than those who were uninsured. Patients with
      better-managed glycated hemoglobin (A1c or HbA1c) levels were 82 times less
      likely to use less-urgent ED visits. Furthermore, being older, Caucasian, or a
      longer participant in the DM program had a modestly lower likelihood of less
      urgent ED visits. The patient's Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), gender, prior
      hospitalization, and the admitting facility showed no effect. CONCLUSION:
      Patients adhering to the DM visit guidelines were less likely to use the ED for
      less-urgent problems. Maintaining normal A1c levels for their diabetes also has
      the positive impact to reduce less-urgent ED usages. It suggests that successful
      DM programs may reduce inappropriate ED use. In contrast to expectations,
      uninsured patients were less likely to use the ED for less-urgent care. Patients
      in the DM program with Medicaid coverage were 1.3 times more likely to seek care
      in the ED for non-emergencies while commercially insured patients were nearly 1.7
      times more likely to do so. Further research to understand inappropriate ED use
      among insured patients is needed. We suggest providing visit reminders, a call
      centre, or case managers to reduce the likelihood of less-urgent ED visit use
      among DM patients. By reducing the likelihood of unnecessary ED visits,
      successful DM programs can improve patient care.

PMID- 19968872
TI  - Increased incidence of postoperative infections during prophylaxis with
      cephalothin compared to doxycycline in intestinal surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The antibiotics used for prophylaxis during surgery may influence the
      rate of surgical site infections. Tetracyclines are attractive having a long half
      life and few side effects when used in a single dose regimen. We studied the rate
      of surgical site infections during changing regimens of antibiotic prophylaxis in
      medium and major size surgery. METHODS: Prospective registration of surgical site
      infection following intestinal resections and hysterectomies was performed.
      Possible confounding procedure and patient related factors were registered. The
      study included 1541 procedures and 1489 controls. The registration included time
      periods when the regimen was changed from doxycycline to cephalothin and back
      again. RESULTS: The SSI in the colorectal department increased from 19% to 30%
      (p=0.002) when doxycycline was substituted with cephalothin and decreased to 17%
      when we changed back to doxycycline (p=0.005). In the gynaecology department the
      surgical site infection rate did not increase significantly. Subgroup analysis
      showed major changes in infections in rectal resections from 20% to 35% (p=0.02)
      and back to 12% (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Doxycycline combined with metronidazole,
      is an attractive candidate for antibiotic prophylaxis in medium and major size
      intestinal surgery.

PMID- 19968873
TI  - Performance adaptive training control strategy for recovering wrist movements in
      stroke patients: a preliminary, feasibility study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the last two decades robot training in neuromotor rehabilitation
      was mainly focused on shoulder-elbow movements. Few devices were designed and
      clinically tested for training coordinated movements of the wrist, which are
      crucial for achieving even the basic level of motor competence that is necessary
      for carrying out ADLs (activities of daily life). Moreover, most systems of robot
      therapy use point-to-point reaching movements which tend to emphasize the
      pathological tendency of stroke patients to break down goal-directed movements
      into a number of jerky sub-movements. For this reason we designed a wrist robot
      with a range of motion comparable to that of normal subjects and implemented a
      self-adapting training protocol for tracking smoothly moving targets in order to
      facilitate the emergence of smoothness in the motor control patterns and maximize
      the recovery of the normal RoM (range of motion) of the different DoFs (degrees
      of Freedom). METHODS: The IIT-wrist robot is a 3 DoFs light exoskeleton device,
      with direct-drive of each DoF and a human-like range of motion for
      Flexion/Extension (FE), Abduction/Adduction (AA) and Pronation/Supination (PS).
      Subjects were asked to track a variable-frequency oscillating target using only
      one wrist DoF at time, in such a way to carry out a progressive splinting
      therapy. The RoM of each DoF was angularly scanned in a staircase-like fashion,
      from the "easier" to the "more difficult" angular position. An Adaptive
      Controller evaluated online performance parameters and modulated both the
      assistance and the difficulty of the task in order to facilitate smoother and
      more precise motor command patterns. RESULTS: Three stroke subjects volunteered
      to participate in a preliminary test session aimed at verify the acceptability of
      the device and the feasibility of the designed protocol. All of them were able to
      perform the required task. The wrist active RoM of motion was evaluated for each
      patient at the beginning and at the end of the test therapy session and the
      results suggest a positive trend. CONCLUSION: The positive outcomes of the
      preliminary tests motivate the planning of a clinical trial and provide
      experimental evidence for defining appropriate inclusion/exclusion criteria.

PMID- 19968874
TI  - Evolutionary diversification of an ancient gene family (rhs) through C-terminal
      displacement.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Rhs genes are prominent features of bacterial genomes that have
      previously been implicated in genomic rearrangements in E. coli. By comparing rhs
      repertoires across the Enterobacteriaceae, this study provides a robust
      explanation of rhs diversification and evolution, and a mechanistic model of how
      rhs diversity is gained and lost. RESULTS: Rhs genes are ubiquitous and comprise
      six structurally distinct lineages within the Enterobacteriaceae. There is
      considerable intergenomic variation in rhs repertoire; for instance, in
      Salmonella enterica, rhs are restricted to mobile elements, while in Escherichia
      coli one rhs lineage has diversified through transposition as older lineages have
      been deleted. Overall, comparative genomics reveals frequent, independent gene
      gains and losses, as well as occasional lateral gene transfer, in different
      genera. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rhs 'core' domains and variable C
      termini are evolutionarily decoupled, and propose that rhs diversity is driven by
      homologous recombination with circular intermediates. Existing C-termini are
      displaced by laterally acquired alternatives, creating long arrays of dissociated
      'tips' that characterize the appearance of rhs loci. CONCLUSION: Rhs repertoires
      are highly dynamic among Enterobacterial genomes, due to repeated gene gains and
      losses. In contrast, the primary structures of Rhs genes are evolutionarily
      conserved, indicating that rhs sequence diversity is driven, not by rapid
      mutation, but by the relatively slow evolution of novel core/tip combinations.
      Hence, we predict that a large pool of dissociated rhs C-terminal tips exists
      episomally and these are potentially transmitted across taxonomic boundaries.

PMID- 19968875
TI  - Genes and gene expression modules associated with caloric restriction and aging
      in the laboratory mouse.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Caloric restriction (CR) counters deleterious effects of aging and,
      for most mouse genotypes, increases mean and maximum lifespan. Previous analyses
      of microarray data have identified gene expression responses to CR that are
      shared among multiple mouse tissues, including the activation of anti-oxidant,
      tumor suppressor and anti-inflammatory pathways. These analyses have provided
      useful research directions, but have been restricted to a limited number of
      tissues, and have focused on individual genes, rather than whole-genome
      transcriptional networks. Furthermore, CR is thought to oppose age-associated
      gene expression patterns, but detailed statistical investigations of this
      hypothesis have not been carried out. RESULTS: Systemic effects of CR and aging
      were identified by examining transcriptional responses to CR in 17 mouse tissue
      types, as well as responses to aging in 22 tissues. CR broadly induced the
      expression of genes known to inhibit oxidative stress (e.g., Mt1, Mt2),
      inflammation (e.g., Nfkbia, Timp3) and tumorigenesis (e.g., Txnip, Zbtb16).
      Additionally, a network-based investigation revealed that CR regulates a large co
      expression module containing genes associated with the metabolism and splicing of
      mRNA (e.g., Cpsf6, Sfpq, Sfrs18). The effects of aging were, to a considerable
      degree, similar among groups of co-expressed genes. Age-related gene expression
      patterns characteristic of most mouse tissues were identified, including up
      regulation of granulin (Grn) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1). The
      transcriptional association between CR and aging varied at different levels of
      analysis. With respect to gene subsets associated with certain biological
      processes (e.g., immunity and inflammation), CR opposed age-associated expression
      patterns. However, among all genes, global transcriptional effects of CR were
      only weakly related to those of aging. CONCLUSION: The study of aging, and of
      interventions thought to combat aging, has much to gain from data-driven and
      unbiased genomic investigations. Expression patterns identified in this analysis
      characterize a generalized response of mammalian cells to CR and/or aging. These
      patterns may be of importance in determining effects of CR on overall lifespan,
      or as factors that underlie age-related disease. The association between CR and
      aging warrants further study, but most evidence indicates that CR does not induce
      a genome-wide "reversal" of age-associated gene expression patterns.

PMID- 19968876
TI  - Help-seeking behaviour among people living with chronic hip or knee pain in the
      community.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A large proportion of people living with hip or knee pain do not
      consult health care professionals. Pain severity is often believed to be the main
      reason for help seeking in this population; however the evidence for this is
      contradictory. This study explores the importance of several potential risk
      factors on help seeking across different practitioner groups, among adults living
      with chronic hip or knee pain in a large community sample. METHODS: Health care
      utilization, defined as having seen a family doctor (GP) during the past 12
      months; or an allied health professional (AHP) or alternative therapist during
      the past 3 months, was assessed in a community based sample aged 35 or over and
      reporting pain in hip or knee. Adjusted odds ratios were determined for social
      deprivation, rurality, pain severity, mobility, anxiety/depression, co
      morbidities, and body mass index. RESULTS: Of 1119 persons reporting hip or knee
      pain, 52% had pain in both sites. Twenty-five percent of them had seen a doctor
      only, 3% an AHP only, and 4% an alternative therapist only. Thirteen percent had
      seen more than one category of health care professionals, and 55% had not seen
      any health care professional. In the multivariate model, factors associated with
      consulting a GP were mobility problems (OR 2.62 (1.64-4.17)), urban living (OR
      2.40 (1.14-5.04) and pain severity (1.28 (1.13-1.44)). There was also some
      evidence that obesity was associated with increased consultation (OR 1.72 (1.00
      2.93)). Factors were similar for consultation with a combination of several
      health care professionals. In contrast, seeing an alternative therapist was
      negatively associated with pain severity, anxiety and mobility problems
      (adjusting for age and sex). CONCLUSION: Disability appears to be a more
      important determinant of help-seeking than pain severity or anxiety and
      depression, for adults with chronic pain in hip or knee. The determinants of
      seeking help from alternative practitioners are different from determinants of
      consulting GPs, AHPs or a combination of different health care providers.

PMID- 19968877
TI  - Use of colony-based bacterial strain typing for tracking the fate of
      Lactobacillus strains during human consumption.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are important components of the
      healthy gut flora and have been used extensively as probiotics. Understanding the
      cultivable diversity of LAB before and after probiotic administration, and being
      able to track the fate of administered probiotic isolates during feeding are
      important parameters to consider in the design of clinical trials to assess
      probiotic efficacy. Several methods may be used to identify bacteria at the
      strain level, however, PCR-based methods such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
      (RAPD) are particularly suited to rapid analysis. We examined the cultivable
      diversity of LAB in the human gut before and after feeding with two Lactobacillus
      strains, and also tracked the fate of these two administered strains using a RAPD
      technique. RESULTS: A RAPD typing scheme was developed to genetically type LAB
      isolates from a wide range of species, and optimised for direct application to
      bacterial colony growth. A high-throughput strategy for fingerprinting the
      cultivable diversity of human faeces was developed and used to determine: (i) the
      initial cultivable LAB strain diversity in the human gut, and (ii) the fate of
      two Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus salivarius NCIMB 30211 and Lactobacillus
      acidophilus NCIMB 30156) contained within a capsule that was administered in a
      small-scale human feeding study. The L. salivarius strain was not cultivated from
      the faeces of any of the 12 volunteers prior to capsule administration, but
      appeared post-feeding in four. Strains matching the L. acidophilus NCIMB 30156
      feeding strain were found in the faeces of three volunteers prior to consumption;
      after taking the Lactobacillus capsule, 10 of the 12 volunteers were culture
      positive for this strain. The appearance of both Lactobacillus strains during
      capsule consumption was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We have
      shown that genetic strain typing of the cultivable human gut microbiota can be
      evaluated using a high throughput RAPD technique based on single bacterial
      colonies. Validation of this strategy paves the way for future systematic studies
      on the fate and efficacy of bacterial probiotics during human clinical trials.

PMID- 19968878
TI  - Identification of iGb3 and iGb4 in melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and the iNKT cell
      mediated antitumor effect of dendritic cells primed with iGb3.
AB  - BACKGROUND: CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are protective against murine melanoma
      B16F10-Nex2 growing subcutaneously in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice as inferred from the
      fast tumor development in CD1d-KO in comparison with wild type animals. CD1d
      glycoproteins are related to the class I MHC molecules, and are involved in the
      presentation, particularly by dentritic cells (DC), of lipid antigens to iNKT
      cells. In the present work we attempted to identify the endogenous lipid mediator
      expressed in melanoma cells inducing such immunesurveillance response and study
      the possibility of protecting animals challenged with tumor cells with lipid
      primed DC. RESULTS: Crude cytosolic and membrane fractions from in vivo growing
      melanoma contained iNKT-stimulating substances. Lipids were then extracted from
      these cells and one of the fractions (i.e. F3A) was shown to prime bone marrow
      derived dendritic cells (BMDC) to stimulate iNKT murine hybridoma (DN32D3) cells
      to produce IL-2. The active fraction was analyzed by electrospray ionization-mass
      spectrometry (ESI-LIT-MS) and both iGb3 and iGb4 were identified along with GM3.
      When iGb3 was incubated with BMDC and tested with DN32D3 cells, IL-2 was equally
      produced indicating iNKT cell activation. GM3 consistently inhibited this
      response. To assess the antitumor response-induced by iGb3, a cytotoxicity assay
      in vitro was used with [3H]-thymidine labeled B16F10-Nex2 cells. At
      target/effector (iGb3-activated iNKT) cell ratio of 100(-1)-100(-4) tumor cell
      lysis was shown. The antitumor activity in vivo was tested in mice challenged
      i.v. with B16F10-Nex2 cells and treated with iGb3- or alpha-galactosylceramide
      primed DCs. A 4-fold lower tumor load in the lungs was observed with either
      treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results show the expression of globo and
      isoglobohexosylceramides in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2. The expression of iGb3
      and its precursor, iGb4, on tumor cells may prime an effective iNKT cell
      dependent antitumor response, modulated negatively by GM3 which is also produced
      in these cells. iGb3-primed BMDC exerted a significant iNKT cell-mediated anti
      tumor activity in mice challenged with melanoma cells.

PMID- 19968879
TI  - Psychological correlates of self-reported functional limitation in patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Functional status is an integral component of health-related
      quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The purpose of this
      study was to investigate the role of psychological variables in self-reported
      functional limitation in patients with AS, while controlling for demographic and
      medical variables. METHODS: 294 AS patients meeting modified New York Criteria
      completed psychological measures evaluating depression, resilience, active and
      passive coping, internality and helplessness at the baseline visit. Demographic,
      clinical, and radiologic data were also collected. Univariate and multivariate
      analyses were completed to determine the strength of correlation of psychological
      variables with functional limitation, as measured by the Bath AS Functional Index
      (BASFI). RESULTS: In the multivariate regression analysis, the psychological
      variables contributed significantly to the variance in BASFI scores, adding an
      additional 24% to the overall R-square beyond that accounted by demographic and
      medical variables (R-square 32%), resulting in a final R-square of 56%.
      Specifically, arthritis helplessness, depression and passive coping beside age,
      ESR and the Bath AS Radiograph Index accounted for a significant portion of the
      variance in BASFI scores in the final model. CONCLUSIONS: Arthritis helplessness,
      depression, and passive coping accounted for significant variability in self
      reported functional limitation beyond demographic and clinical variables in
      patients with AS. Psychological health should be examined and accounted for when
      assessing functional status in the AS patients.

PMID- 19968880
TI  - Changes in stroke volume induced by passive leg raising in spontaneously
      breathing patients: comparison between echocardiography and Vigileo/FloTrac
      device.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Passive leg raising (PLR) is a simple reversible maneuver that
      mimics rapid fluid loading and increases cardiac preload. The effects of this
      endogenous volume expansion on stroke volume enable the testing of fluid
      responsiveness with accuracy in spontaneously breathing patients. However, this
      maneuver requires the determination of stroke volume with a fast-response device,
      because the hemodynamic changes may be transient. The Vigileo monitor (Vigileo;
      Flotrac; Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) analyzes systemic arterial
      pressure wave and allows continuous stroke volume monitoring. The aims of this
      study were (i) to compare changes in stroke volume induced by passive leg raising
      measured with the Vigileo device and with transthoracic echocardiography and (ii)
      to compare their ability to predict fluid responsiveness. METHODS: Thirty-four
      patients with spontaneous breathing activity and considered for volume expansion
      were included. Measurements of stroke volume were obtained with transthoracic
      echocardiography (SV-TTE) and with the Vigileo (SV-Flotrac) in a semi-recumbent
      position, during PLR and after volume expansion (500 ml saline). Patients were
      responders to volume expansion if SV-TTE increased > or = 15%. RESULTS: Four
      patients were excluded. No patients received vasoactive drugs. Seven patients
      presented septic hypovolemia. PLR-induced changes in SV-TTE and in SV-Flotrac
      were correlated (r2 = 0.56, P < 0.0001). An increase in SV-TTE > or = 13% during
      PLR was predictive of response to volume expansion with a sensitivity of 100% and
      a specificity of 80%. An increase in SV-Flotrac > or =16% during PLR was
      predictive of response to volume expansion with a sensitivity of 85% and a
      specificity of 90%. There was no difference between the area under the ROC curve
      for PLR-induced changes in SV-TTE (AUC = 0.96 +/- 0.03) or SV-Flotrac (AUC = 0.92
      +/- 0.05). Volume expansion-induced changes in SV-TTE correlated with volume
      expansion-induced changes in SV-Flotrac (r2 = 0.77, P < 0.0001). In all patients,
      the highest plateau value of SV-TTE recorded during PLR was obtained within the
      first 90 s following leg elevation, whereas it was 120 s for SV-Flotrac.
      CONCLUSIONS: PLR-induced changes in SV-Flotrac are able to predict the response
      to volume expansion in spontaneously breathing patients without vasoactive
      support.

PMID- 19968881
TI  - Development and psychometric assessment of the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale
      (CASIS).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with respiratory disease experience disturbed sleep, but
      there is no widely accepted measure of sleep impairment due to respiratory
      disease. We developed and evaluated the psychometric performance of a patient
      reported measure to assess the impact on sleep due to respiratory disease, the
      COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS). METHODS: Identification of the items
      forming the CASIS was guided by patient interviews and focus groups. An
      observational study involving patients from the US and UK was then conducted to
      assess the psychometric characteristics of the measure. RESULTS: Qualitative data
      from 162 patients were used to develop the CASIS (n = 78 COPD; n = 84 asthma).
      The observational study included 311 patients with COPD and 324 patients with
      asthma. The final seven items used in the CASIS were identified based on factor
      and item response theory analyses. Internal consistency was 0.90 (COPD) and 0.92
      (asthma), and test-retest reliability was 0.84 (both groups). In the COPD sample,
      CASIS scores were significantly correlated with the Saint George's Respiratory
      Questionnaire scores (all p < 0.0001) and differed significantly by patient
      reported disease severity, exacerbation status, and overall health status (all p
      <or= 0.005). In the asthma sample, CASIS scores were significantly correlated
      with the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores (all p < 0.0001) and
      differed significantly by clinician and patient-reported disease severity,
      exacerbation status, and overall health status (all p <or= 0.0005). CONCLUSION:
      The CASIS shows good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct
      validity and may be useful in helping to understand the impact that COPD and
      asthma have on sleep outcomes.

PMID- 19968882
TI  - Increased hepatic oxidative metabolism distinguishes the action of Peroxisome
      proliferator-activated receptor delta from Peroxisome proliferator-activated
      receptor gamma in the ob/ob mouse.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand
      activated transcription factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily.
      The PPAR family consists of three members: PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta.
      PPARdelta controls the transcription of genes involved in multiple physiological
      pathways, including cellular differentiation, lipid metabolism and energy
      homeostasis. The receptor is expressed almost ubiquitously, with high expression
      in liver and skeletal muscle. Although the physiological ligands of PPARdelta
      remain undefined, a number of high affinity synthetic ligands have been developed
      for the receptor as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus,
      dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: In this study, the metabolic
      role of PPARdelta activation has been investigated in liver, skeletal muscle,
      blood serum and white adipose tissue from ob/ob mice using a high affinity
      synthetic ligand and contrasted with PPARgamma activation. To maximize the
      analytical coverage of the metabolome, (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR)
      spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra performance
      liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) were used to examine
      metabolites from tissue extracts. RESULTS: Analysis by multivariate statistics
      demonstrated that PPARdelta activation profoundly affected glycolysis,
      gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle and linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
      essential fatty acid pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Although activation of both PPARdelta
      and PPARgamma lead to increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance,
      PPARdelta activation was functionally distinct from PPARgamma activation, and was
      characterized by increased hepatic and peripheral fatty acid oxidative
      metabolism, demonstrating the distinctive catabolic role of this receptor
      compared with PPARgamma.

PMID- 19968883
TI  - A hundred-year-old insight into the gut microbiome!
AB  - As the National Institutes of Health-funded Human Microbiome Project enters its
      second phase, and as a major part of this project focuses on the human gut
      microbiome and its effects on human health, it might help us to travel a century
      back in time and examine how microbiologists dealt with microbiome-related
      challenges similar to those of the 21st century using the tools of their time. An
      article by Arthur I. Kendall, published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry in
      November 1909 (Some observations on the study of the intestinal bacteria J Biol
      Chem 1909, 6:499-507), offers a visionary insight into many of today's hot
      research questions.

PMID- 19968885
TI  - Footing the bill: the introduction of Medicare Benefits Schedule rebates for
      podiatry services in Australia.
AB  - The introduction of Medicare Benefits Schedule items for allied health
      professionals in 2004 was a pivotal event in the public funding of non-medical
      primary care services. This commentary seeks to provide supplementary discussion
      of the article by Menz (Utilisation of podiatry services in Australia under the
      Medicare Enhanced Primary Care program, 2004-2008 Journal of Foot and Ankle
      Research 2009, 2:30), by placing these findings within the context of the
      podiatry profession, clinical decision making and the broader health workforce
      and government policy.

PMID- 19968884
TI  - Initiation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
      (PPAR gamma) in the rat ovary and the role of FSH.
AB  - PPARgamma is highly expressed in granulosa cells by 23 days post-partum (pp) and
      is down-regulated in response to the LH surge. We tested the hypothesis that high
      levels of FSH during the neonatal period trigger the expression of PPARgamma. To
      determine when PPARgamma expression is initiated, ovaries were collected from
      neonatal rats. Messenger RNA for PPARgamma was undetectable on day 1, low from
      days 5-14, and increased by day 19 pp (p < 0.05). PPARgamma was detected in
      select granulosa cells in primary/early secondary follicles. Messenger RNA for
      the FSH receptor was detected as early as day 1 and remained steady throughout
      day 19 pp. The FSH receptor was detected by immunoblot analysis in ovaries
      collected 1, 2, and 5-9 days pp. In a subsequent experiment, neonatal rats were
      treated with acyline (GnRH antagonist) which significantly reduced FSH (p < 0.05)
      but not levels of mRNA for PPARgamma. The role of FSH in the induction of
      PPARgamma expression was further assessed in ovarian tissue from FORKO mice. Both
      mRNA and protein for PPARgamma were identified in ovarian tissue from FORKO mice.
      In summary, the FSH/FSH receptor system is present in granulosa cells prior to
      the onset of expression of PPARgamma. Reducing FSH during the neonatal period, or
      the ability to respond to FSH, did not decrease expression of mRNA for PPARgamma.
      These data indicate that FSH is not a primary factor initiating the expression of
      PPARgamma and that other agents play a role in activating its expression in the
      ovary.

PMID- 19968886
TI  - Inverse correlation between PDGFC expression and lymphocyte infiltration in human
      papillary thyroid carcinomas.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Members of the PDGF family have been suggested as potential
      biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). However, it is known that both
      expression and stimulatory effect of PDGF ligands can be affected by inflammatory
      cytokines. We have performed a microarray study in a collection of PTCs, of which
      about half the biopsies contained tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes or thyroiditis.
      To investigate the expression level of PDGF ligands and receptors in PTC we
      measured the relative mRNA expression of all members of the PDGF family by qRT
      PCR in 10 classical PTC, eight clinically aggressive PTC, and five non-neoplastic
      thyroid specimens, and integrated qRT-PCR data with microarray data to enable us
      to link PDGF-associated gene expression profiles into networks based on
      recognized interactions. Finally, we investigated potential influence on PDGF
      mRNA levels by the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. METHODS: qRT-PCR
      was performed on PDGFA, PDGFB, PDGFC, PDGFD, PDGFRA PDGFRB and a selection of
      lymphocyte specific mRNA transcripts. Semiquantitative assessment of tumour
      infiltrating lymphocytes was performed on the adjacent part of the biopsy used
      for RNA extraction for all biopsies, while direct quantitation by qRT-PCR of
      lymphocyte-specific mRNA transcripts were performed on RNA also subjected to
      expression analysis. Relative expression values of PDGF family members were
      combined with a cDNA microarray dataset and analyzed based on clinical findings
      and PDGF expression patterns. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to
      elucidate potential molecular interactions and networks. RESULTS: PDGF family
      members were differentially regulated at the mRNA level in PTC as compared to
      normal thyroid specimens. Expression of PDGFA (p = 0.003), PDGFB (p = 0.01) and
      PDGFC (p = 0.006) were significantly up-regulated in PTCs compared to non
      neoplastic thyroid tissue. In addition, expression of PDGFC was significantly up
      regulated in classical PTCs as compared to clinically aggressive PTCs (p =
      0.006), and PDGFRB were significantly up-regulated in clinically aggressive PTCs
      (p = 0.01) as compared to non-neoplastic tissue. Semiquantitative assessment of
      lymphocytes correlated well with quantitation of lymphocyte-specific gene
      expression. Further more, by combining TaqMan and microarray data we found a
      strong inverse correlation between PDGFC expression and the expression of
      lymphocyte specific mRNAs. CONCLUSION: At the mRNA level, several members of the
      PDGF family are differentially expressed in PTCs as compared to normal thyroid
      tissue. Of these, only the PDGFC mRNA expression level initially seemed to
      distinguish classical PTCs from the more aggressive PTCs. However, further
      investigation showed that PDGFC expression level correlated inversely to the
      expression of several lymphocyte specific genes, and to the presence of
      lymphocytes in the biopsies. Thus, we find that PDGFC mRNA expression were down
      regulated in biopsies containing infiltrated lymphocytes or thyroiditis. No other
      PDGF family member could be linked to lymphocyte specific gene expression in our
      collection of PTCs biopsies.

PMID- 19968888
TI  - Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: detection of fungal DNA in sinus aspirate using
      polymerase chain reaction.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study investigated allergic fungal rhinosinusitis cases, and
      aimed to compare the detection of fungi in sinus aspirate by culture and by
      polymerase chain reaction assay, and to relate the presence of fungi in the nasal
      sinuses to the type of fungal allergen causing disease. METHODS: Sixty-eight
      cases of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis underwent fungal culture and polymerase
      chain reaction assay for universal fungal, aspergillus and bipolaris DNA.
      Aspergillus-specific immunoglobulin E levels were measured in sinus aspirate, and
      total serum immunoglobulin E levels were calculated. A control group of 10 cases
      was included in the study. RESULTS: Of the 68 allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
      cases, only 42 (61.7 per cent) had positive fungal cultures; of the 10 controls,
      only three (30 per cent) had positive cultures. Species from the dematiaceous
      family were most commonly grown, being isolated in 30 cases (71.4 per cent).
      Bipolaris was the most commonly isolated species (18 cases) followed by
      curvularia (11 cases) and alternaria (one case). Polymerase chain reaction assay
      detected fungal DNA in all the allergic fungal rhinosinusitis cases and also in
      four controls (40 per cent). Ten patients (of 68; 14.7 per cent) were positive
      for Aspergillus fumigatus specific immunoglobulin E. The mean concentration of
      this immunoglobulin was 11.32 +/- 4.12 IU/ml in patients and 0 IU/ml in controls,
      a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Detection of fungal DNA in
      nasal aspirate by polymerase chain reaction was superior to fungal cultures as a
      method of detecting fungal growth. In allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, fungal
      growth is not always accompanied by an allergic reaction.

PMID- 19968887
TI  - Divergent effects of norepinephrine, dopamine and substance P on the activation,
      differentiation and effector functions of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Neurotransmitters are important regulators of the immune system, with
      very distinct and varying effects on different leukocyte subsets. So far little
      is known about the impact of signals mediated by neurotransmitters on the
      function of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Therefore, we investigated the influence of
      norepinephrine, dopamine and substance P on the key tasks of CD8+ T lymphocytes:
      activation, migration, extravasation and cytotoxicity. RESULTS: The activation of
      naive CD8+ T lymphocytes by CD3/CD28 cross-linking was inhibited by
      norepinephrine and dopamine, which was caused by a downregulation of interleukin
      (IL)-2 expression via Erk1/2 and NF-kappaB inhibition. Furthermore, all of the
      investigated neurotransmitters increased the spontaneous migratory activity of
      naive CD8+ T lymphocytes with dopamine being the strongest inducer. In contrast,
      activated CD8+ T lymphocytes showed a reduced migratory activity in the presence
      of norepinephrine and substance P. With regard to extravasation we found
      norepinephrine to induce adhesion of activated CD8+ T cells: norepinephrine
      increased the interleukin-8 release from endothelium, which in turn had effect on
      the activated CXCR1+ CD8+ T cells. At last, release of cytotoxic granules from
      activated cells in response to CD3 cross-linking was not influenced by any of the
      investigated neurotransmitters, as we have analyzed by measuring the beta
      hexosamidase release. CONCLUSION: Neurotransmitters are specific modulators of
      CD8+ T lymphocytes not by inducing any new functions, but by fine-tuning their
      key tasks. The effect can be either stimulatory or suppressive depending on the
      activation status of the cells.

PMID- 19968889
TI  - Complications of bone-anchored hearing aid implantation.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Bone-anchored hearing aid implantations have been performed in
      Manchester for over 20 years. This study examined a range of variables that can
      occur during the implantation process, and the effect they may have on successful
      outcome. METHOD: Retrospective study and literature review. LOCATION: Tertiary
      referral centre in central Manchester. RESULTS: Details of 602 bone-anchored
      hearing aid implantation procedures were retrieved from the departmental
      database. The overall complication rate was 23.9 per cent. The rate of revision
      surgery was 12.1 per cent. CONCLUSION: This study involved a significantly larger
      number of patients than any previously reported, similar study. Possible reasons
      for differences in outcomes, and recommendations for best practice, are
      discussed.

PMID- 19968890
TI  - Association of n-3 long-chain PUFA and fish intake with depressive symptoms and
      low dispositional optimism in older subjects with a history of myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Individuals with CHD are at increased risk of poor mental well-being. Dietary
      intake of EPA and DHA, the main n-3 fatty acids from fish, may be beneficial to
      mental well-being. We examined the association of EPA+DHA and fish intake with
      mental well-being in 644 participants, aged 60-80 years, with a history of
      myocardial infarction. Habitual food intake was assessed with a 203-item FFQ.
      Depressive symptoms were assessed with the self-report geriatric depression
      scale, and dispositional optimism was assessed with the revised life orientation
      test (LOT-R) and a four-item questionnaire (4Q). In Cox-regression models
      modified for cross-sectional analyses, we adjusted for sex, age, energy intake,
      BMI, family history of depression, education, marital status, smoking, physical
      activity and intake of saturated fat, alcohol and fibre. Compared with the lower
      tertile, subjects in the higher tertile of EPA+DHA intake had a lower prevalence
      of depressive symptoms, but this association was not statistically significant
      (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.78; 95 % CI 0.50, 1.22, P-trend 0.27). The higher
      tertile of EPA+DHA intake was positively associated with dispositional optimism
      measured with the 4Q (PR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.46, 1.03, P-trend 0.05), but not
      according to the LOT-R. Fish intake was not related to either depressive symptoms
      or dispositional optimism. In conclusion, intake of EPA+DHA was positively
      associated with dispositional optimism assessed with the 4Q, but not with
      optimism assessed with the LOT-R or with depressive symptoms.

PMID- 19968891
TI  - Lifestyle and genetic determinants of folate and vitamin B12 levels in a general
      adult population.
AB  - Danish legislation regarding food fortification has been very restrictive
      resulting in few fortified food items on the Danish market. Folate and vitamin
      B12 deficiency is thought to be common due to inadequate intakes but little is
      known about the actual prevalence of low serum folate and vitamin B12 in the
      general population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the folate and
      vitamin B12 status of Danish adults and to investigate associations between
      vitamin status and distinct lifestyle and genetic factors. The study included a
      random sample of 6784 individuals aged 30-60 years. Information on lifestyle
      factors was obtained by questionnaires and blood samples were analysed for serum
      folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and several genetic polymorphisms. The
      overall prevalence of low serum folate ( < 6.8 nmol/l) was 31.4 %. Low serum
      folate was more common among men than women and the prevalence was lower with
      increasing age. Low serum folate was associated with smoking, low alcohol intake,
      high coffee intake, unhealthy diet, and the TT genotype of the
      methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)-C677T polymorphism. The overall
      prevalence of low serum vitamin B12 ( < 148 pmol/l) was 4.7 %. Low serum vitamin
      B12 was significantly associated with female sex, high coffee intake, low folate
      status, and the TT genotype of the MTHFR-C677T polymorphism. In conclusion, low
      serum folate was present in almost a third of the adult population in the present
      study and was associated with several lifestyle factors whereas low serum
      concentrations of vitamin B12 were less common and only found to be associated
      with a few lifestyle factors.

PMID- 19968892
TI  - A case-control study on seaweed consumption and the risk of breast cancer.
AB  - Gim (Porphyra sp.) and miyeok (Undaria pinnatifida) are the seaweeds most
      consumed by Koreans. We investigated the association between the intake of gim
      and miyeok and the risk of breast cancer in a case-control study. Cases were 362
      women aged 30-65 years old, who were histologically confirmed to have breast
      cancer. Controls visiting the same hospital were matched to cases according to
      their age (sd 2 years) and menopausal status. Food intake was estimated by the
      quantitative FFQ with 121 items, including gim and miyeok. Conditional logistic
      regression analysis was used to obtain the OR and corresponding 95 % CI. The
      average intake and consumption frequency of gim in cases were lower than in
      controls. The daily intake of gim was inversely associated with the risk of
      breast cancer (5th v. 1st quintile, OR, 0.48; 95 % CI, 0.27, 0.86; P for trend,
      0.026) after adjustment for potential confounders. After stratification analysis
      was performed according to menopausal status, premenopausal women (5th v. 1st
      quintile, OR, 0.44; 95 % CI, 0.24, 0.80; P for trend, 0.007) and postmenopausal
      women (5th v. 1st quintile, OR, 0.32; 95 % CI, 0.13, 0.80; P for trend, 0.06)
      showed similar inverse associations between gim intake and the risk of breast
      cancer after an adjustment for potential confounders except dietary factors.
      Miyeok consumption did not have any significant associations with breast cancer.
      These results suggest that high intake of gim may decrease the risk of breast
      cancer.

PMID- 19968893
TI  - Estimation of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid content in UK foods and
      assessment of dietary intake in a cohort of healthy adults.
AB  - Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from ruminant-derived foods may be
      potentially beneficial to health. The quantity of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans
      10, cis-12 CLA in a range of UK foodstuffs (112 foods) was determined using
      triple-column silver ion HPLC. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content ranged from 1.9
      mg/g lipid (mild Cheddar) to 7.3 mg/g lipid (processed cheese) in cheeses, from
      0.9 mg/g lipid (ice cream) to 3.7 mg/g lipid (double cream) in non-cheese dairy
      products, and from 2.9 mg/g lipid (Swedish meatballs) to 6.0 mg/g lipid (minced
      lamb) in meat products. cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations for chocolate and
      sweets ranged from 0.1 mg/g lipid (hot chocolate) to 4.8 mg/g lipid (buttermint).
      The trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer was undetected or negligible in the food samples
      examined. To provide information about dietary cis-9, trans-11 CLA intakes in the
      UK, a study was performed to estimate the daily intake of CLA in a cohort of
      eighteen healthy volunteers (nine female and nine male; aged 21-60 years; mean
      BMI = 24.0 kg/m2 (sd 2.2)) with a 7-d weighed food record. This information
      combined with the CLA isomer contents of UK foodstuffs was used to estimate the
      daily intake of the cohort. The mean daily intake of cis-9, trans-11 CLA was
      estimated to be 97.5 (sd 73.3) mg/d. Due to its potential health benefits, it is
      important to determine the CLA content of food and dietary intake as these data
      will be useful in determining the role of CLA in health and disease.

PMID- 19968894
TI  - Effect of organically and conventionally produced diets on jejunal gene
      expression in chickens.
AB  - Using a nutrigenomics approach we studied the response of second-generation
      chickens at a transcriptional level to organically grown feed ingredients
      compared with conventionally grown feed ingredients. Both diets consisted of the
      same amounts of ingredients, the only difference was the production method. Gene
      expression was analysed in jejuni using whole genome chicken cDNA arrays. After
      analysis, forty-nine genes were found to be differentially regulated between
      chickens fed on the different diets, independent of their genetic background. Of
      these forty-nine genes, seven genes were involved in cholesterol biosynthesis.
      Genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis were higher expressed in jejuni from
      organically fed birds. Other genes found to be regulated were involved in
      immunological processes, such as B-G protein (part of chicken major
      histocompatibility complex), chemokine ah221, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain.
      Using quantitative PCR the effect of genetic background on the differential
      expression of genes was studied. Differences in gene expression existed between
      animals fed different diets as well as between different chicken lines. This
      indicated that diet and genetic background influence the transcriptional response
      of the jejunum. This is the first time that significant differences in gene
      expression were shown between animals on diets with organically or conventionally
      produced ingredients.

PMID- 19968895
TI  - High-fat, sucrose diet impairs geometrical and mechanical properties of cortical
      bone in mice.
AB  - Exposure to diets high in fat and sucrose can induce hyperinsulinaemia, affect Ca
      and Mg metabolism, and alter bone mineralisation and mechanical properties. The
      present study assessed morphological and mechanical changes in a murine model
      exposed to a high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diet, as well as corresponding molecular and
      endocrine markers of bone turnover. Female C57BL/6 mice (aged 9 weeks) consumed
      either a low-fat, complex carbohydrate diet or an HFS diet for 10 weeks. At the
      end of the 10 weeks, serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Tibiae from
      half the mice (n 15) were randomly selected to be micro-computed tomography
      scanned and tested to failure in cantilever bending, while the remaining half
      were prepared for real-time PCR analysis. Serum tartrate-resistant acid
      phosphatase was significantly elevated in HFS mice, while osteocalcin remained
      unchanged. Both body mass and percentage body fat were greater in mice fed HFS
      diet. After adjusting for body mass, tibial structural and morphological
      properties were adversely affected in the HFS cohort. Cortical thickness, cross
      sectional area, and load at maximum were all significantly lower in mice fed HFS
      diet. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappabeta ligand (RANKL) mRNA was
      significantly upregulated in HFS mice, but osteoprotegerin/RANKL mRNA ratio
      remained unchanged between cohorts. Moreover, cyclo-oxygenase-2 mRNA tended to be
      increased in HFS. Thus, ingestion of an HFS diet had a significant adverse effect
      on mouse bone morphology and mechanics, and these effects were likely due to
      elevated osteoclast activity associated with the inflammatory state of obesity,
      and not necessarily osteoclast recruitment/proliferation.

PMID- 19968896
TI  - Salt intake in young Swedish men.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To measure dietary salt intake in a Swedish population. DESIGN: A
      cross-sectional study with measured 24 h urinary excretion of Na and K.
      Completeness of urine collection was assessed using p-aminobenzoic acid. The
      subjects were interviewed on their habitual food intake. SETTING: Sahlgrenska
      University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six young men (age 18
      20 years), randomly selected from the population of Gothenburg. Seven men were
      excluded due to incomplete urine collection. RESULTS: The mean excretion of Na
      and K over 24 h was 198 and 84 mmol, respectively (corresponding to 11.5 g NaCl
      and 3.3 g K). The mean 24 h excretion in the highest quartile of Na excretion was
      297 mmol Na and 105 mmol K, and in the lowest quartile, 100 mmol Na and 68 mmol
      K. The mean Na:K ratio was 2.3, and respectively 3.2 and 1.8 in the highest and
      lowest Na excretion quartiles. Calculated energy intake did not differ between
      the highest and lowest quartiles of Na excretion, but body weight, BMI and the
      intake of certain foods known to be Na-rich did. CONCLUSIONS: Salt intake in
      young men was alarming high and even subjects in the lowest quartile of Na
      excretion did not meet present recommendations to limit salt intake to 5-6 g/d.
      At this point we can only speculate what the consequences of the high salt intake
      may be for CVD and stroke later in life. Regulation of the salt content in
      processed and fast food and in snacks is advocated, to curtail the salt burden on
      society imposed by the food industry.

PMID- 19968897
TI  - Validation of nutrient intake using an FFQ and repeated 24 h recalls in black and
      white subjects of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2).
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To validate a 204-item quantitative FFQ for measurement of nutrient
      intake in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). DESIGN: Calibration study
      participants were randomly selected from the AHS-2 cohort by church, and then
      subject-within-church. Each participant provided two sets of three weighted 24 h
      dietary recalls and a 204-item FFQ. Race-specific correlation coefficients (r),
      corrected for attenuation from within-person variation in the recalls, were
      calculated for selected energy-adjusted macro- and micronutrients. SETTING: Adult
      members of the AHS-2 cohort geographically spread throughout the USA and Canada.
      SUBJECTS: Calibration study participants included 461 blacks of American and
      Caribbean origin and 550 whites. RESULTS: Calibration study subjects represented
      the total cohort very well with respect to demographic variables. Approximately
      33 % were males. Whites were older, had higher education and lower BMI compared
      with blacks. Across fifty-one variables, average deattenuated energy-adjusted
      validity correlations were 0.60 in whites and 0.52 in blacks. Individual
      components of protein had validity ranging from 0.40 to 0.68 in blacks and from
      0.63 to 0.85 in whites; for total fat and fatty acids, validity ranged from 0.43
      to 0.75 in blacks and from 0.46 to 0.77 in whites. Of the eighteen micronutrients
      assessed, sixteen in blacks and sixteen in whites had deattenuated energy
      adjusted correlations >or=0.4, averaging 0.60 and 0.53 in whites and blacks,
      respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With few exceptions validity coefficients were
      moderate to high for macronutrients, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and fibre.
      We expect to successfully use these data for measurement error correction in
      analyses of diet and disease risk.

PMID- 19968898
TI  - Measuring food insecurity and hunger in Peru: a qualitative and quantitative
      analysis of an adapted version of the USDA's Food Insecurity and Hunger Module.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To adapt a scale to measure perceptions on food insecurity and hunger
      among households in urban and rural communities in Peru. DESIGN: Qualitative and
      quantitative methodology including consultation with regional experts, key
      informant interviews and focus groups. A field survey trial was conducted in
      urban and rural communities using an adapted version of the US Department of
      Agriculture (USDA) Food Insecurity and Hunger Module (FIHM). SETTING: Five
      communities in three regions in Peru - Lima (coast), Ayacucho (Andean highlands)
      and San Martin (Amazon basin). SUBJECTS: The qualitative component included forty
      intentionally selected people (fourteen key informants and twenty-six focus group
      participants). For the quantitative component 300 households that complied with
      selection criteria (poor or non-poor with at least one child below 12 years of
      age) were surveyed. RESULTS: Qualitative research showed that concern about food
      availability and access was common among the three regions but its main cause
      varied across them. Participation in food aid programmes was a strategy to face
      constraints in food access. Mothers' perceptions on the importance of balanced
      meals varied across households from different regions. Quantitative results
      showed robust findings for the reliability of the adapted FIHM's fifteen-item
      scale (r > 0.863). In addition, descriptive results confirmed parallelism of item
      responses in the scale for variables such as farm ownership, family size and use
      of Communal Kitchens. CONCLUSIONS: This mixed-method study allowed us to adapt
      the USDA module to assess food insecurity in Peru.

PMID- 19968899
TI  - Maternal depression and socio-economic status moderate the parenting style/child
      obesity association.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to test the moderating influence of two
      risk factors, maternal depression and socio-economic status (SES), on the
      association between authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and child
      obesity. DESIGN: Correlational, cross-sectional study. Parenting style was
      measured with the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Maternal
      depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression
      Scale (CES-D). BMI-for-age percentile was used to categorize children by weight
      status (children with BMI-for-age > or = 95th percentile were classified as
      obese). SES was computed from parent education and occupational status using the
      four-factor Hollingshead index. SETTING: Rural public schools in a mid-western
      state in the USA. SUBJECTS: One hundred and seventy-six mothers of first-grade
      children (ninety-one boys, eighty-five girls) enrolled in rural public schools.
      RESULTS: Both maternal depression and SES were found to moderate the permissive
      parenting style/child obesity association, but not the authoritarian/child
      obesity association. For depressed mothers, but not for non-depressed mothers,
      more permissive parenting was predictive of child obesity. Similarly more
      permissive parenting was predictive of child obesity among higher SES mothers,
      but not for lower SES mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal depression and SES interact
      with permissive parenting style to predict child obesity. Future research should
      examine the relationship among these variables using a longitudinal design.

PMID- 19968900
TI  - Sugar and fat intake among children in Scotland: what is needed to reach the
      dietary targets?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the intake and sources of non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES)
      and fat among children in Scotland in relation to socio-economic status, and to
      estimate the changes in diet required to achieve recommended levels of intake.
      DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey with diet assessed by semi-quantitative FFQ.
      SETTING: Eighty postcode sectors across Scotland. SUBJECTS: Children (n 1398)
      aged 3-17 years recruited from the Child Benefit register (76 % of those
      contacted). RESULTS: The mean intake of NMES of 17.4 (95 % CI 17.0, 17.8) % food
      energy was considerably higher than the UK recommended population average of 11 %
      food energy. The mean intake of total fat of 32.9 (95 % CI 32.7, 33.2) % food
      energy met the recommended population average of no more than 35 % food energy,
      while the mean intake of SFA of 13.8 (95 % CI 13.7, 14.0) % food energy was above
      the recommended population average of no more than 11 % food energy. Despite
      clear socio-economic gradients in the mean daily consumption of many 'healthy'
      and 'unhealthy' food groups, socio-economic differences in NMES as a percentage
      of food energy were limited and there was no significant variation in the intake
      of total fat or SFA as a percentage of food energy with socio-economic status.
      Modelling of the data showed that removing sugar-sweetened soft drinks and
      increasing fruit and vegetable intake by 50 % would not restore the intake of
      NMES and SFA to recommended levels. CONCLUSIONS: Major changes in the intake of
      many food groups will be required to bring the NMES and saturated fat intake in
      line with current dietary recommendations.

PMID- 19968901
TI  - Healthy food availability in small urban food stores: a comparison of four US
      cities.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Given that small food stores may be important retail food sources in
      low-income urban communities, our objective was to examine cross-city comparative
      data documenting healthy food availability within such facilities, particularly
      those located in low-income areas and nearby schools. DESIGN: Food stores in
      Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota; Oakland, California; and
      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were selected for assessment based on proximity to low
      income schools. Stores were defined as: (i) single-aisle (n 45); (ii) small (2-5
      aisles; n 52); and (iii) large (> or = 6 aisles; n 8). Staff conducted in-store
      audits to assess the presence/absence of twenty-eight healthy items, organized
      within five categories: (i) fresh fruits/vegetables, (ii) processed
      fruits/vegetables, (iii) healthy beverages/low-fat dairy, (iv) healthy snacks and
      (v) other healthy staple foods. RESULTS: The availability of healthy food items
      was low, particularly in single-aisle and small stores, and there was significant
      cross-site variability in the availability of healthy snacks (P < 0.0001) and
      other healthy staple foods (P < 0.0001). No cross-site differences existed for
      fruits/vegetables or healthy beverages/low-fat dairy availability. Healthy food
      availability scores increased significantly with store size for nearly all
      food/beverage categories (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, healthy food
      availability in these venues was limited. Region-specific factors may be
      important to consider in understanding factors influencing healthy food
      availability in small urban markets. Data suggest that efforts to promote healthy
      diets in low-income communities may be compromised by a lack of available healthy
      foods. Interventions targeting small stores need to be developed and tailored for
      use in urban areas across the USA.

PMID- 19968902
TI  - Session 1: Allergic disease: Nutrition as a potential determinant of asthma.
AB  - Asthma is characterised by chronic lung airway inflammation, increased airway
      responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction. In Westernised countries asthma
      is a public health concern because of its prevalence, associated ill health and
      high societal and healthcare costs. In recent decades there has been a marked
      increase in asthma prevalence, particularly in Westernised countries. It has been
      proposed that changing diet has contributed to the increase in asthma. Several
      dietary hypotheses exist; the first relates the increase in asthma to declining
      dietary antioxidant intake, the second to decreased intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA
      and increasing intake of n-6 PUFA. Vitamin D supplementation and deficiency have
      also been hypothesised to have contributed to the increase in asthma.
      Observational studies have reported associations between asthma and dietary
      antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, Se, flavonoids, fruit), lipids
      (PUFA, butter, margarine, fish) and vitamin D. However, supplementing the diets
      of adults with asthma with antioxidants and lipids has minimal, if any, clinical
      benefit. There is growing interest in the possibility that childhood asthma is
      influenced by maternal diet during pregnancy, with studies highlighting
      associations between childhood asthma and maternal intake of some nutrients
      (vitamin E, vitamin D, Se, PUFA) during pregnancy. It has been suggested that
      maternal diet during pregnancy influences fetal airway and/or immune development.
      Further intervention studies are needed to establish whether modification of
      maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy can be used as a healthy low-cost
      public health measure to reduce the prevalence of childhood asthma.

PMID- 19968903
TI  - Session 2: Other diseases: Dietary management of osteoporosis throughout the life
      course.
AB  - Osteoporosis-related fractures have a major impact on health at the individual
      and societal levels, through associated morbidity and increased mortality. Up to
      50% of women and 20% of men at age 50 years may have a fragility fracture in
      their remaining lifetimes. Nutrition is important throughout the life course.
      Thus, adequate Ca and vitamin D intake has been shown to reduce risk of fracture
      in old age. Other factors such as protein and vitamin K may also be important,
      although the evidence here is less strong. In childhood Ca or vitamin D
      supplementation trials have demonstrated modest short-term increases in bone
      mass, but the long-term implications have not been established. Over recent years
      it has become apparent that maternal nutrition may have critical and far-reaching
      persistent consequences for offspring health. Thus, reduced maternal fat stores
      and low levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in pregnancy are associated
      with reduced bone mass in the offspring; placental Ca transport may be key to
      these relationships. Wider maternal dietary patterns have also been shown to
      predict offspring bone mass. These data suggest that an interventional approach
      aimed at specific micronutrients, such as vitamin D, should be complemented by
      general optimisation of the mother's diet and lifestyle in order to maximise
      intrauterine bone mineral accrual and postnatal skeletal growth and thus reduce
      the burden of osteoporotic fractures in future generations.

PMID- 19968904
TI  - Session 4: CVD, diabetes and cancer: A dietary portfolio for management and
      prevention of heart disease.
AB  - CHD is the leading cause of worldwide mortality. The prevalence of heart disease
      has been linked to the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle and the increased
      dietary dependence on saturated fats from animal sources and the intake of
      refined foods. Elevated blood cholesterol level is one of the major risk factors
      for CHD. While cholesterol-lowering drug therapy (statins) has been effective in
      reducing the risk of heart disease, there are those individuals who are unwilling
      or because of muscle pains or raised levels of liver or muscle enzymes are unable
      to take cholesterol-lowering medication. Fortunately, there is evidence linking a
      number of dietary components to CHD risk reduction. The strength of this evidence
      has prompted various regulatory bodies to advocate diet as the first line of
      defence for primary prevention of heart disease. It was therefore decided to
      combine four dietary components that have been shown to lower blood cholesterol
      concentrations (nuts, plant sterols, viscous fibre and vegetable protein) in a
      dietary portfolio in order to determine whether the combined effect is additive.
      In a metabolically-controlled setting this dietary portfolio has proved to be as
      effective as a starting dose of a first-generation statin cholesterol-lowering
      medication in reducing the risk of CHD. The dietary portfolio has also been shown
      to be effective in sustaining a clinically-significant effect in the long term
      under a 'real-world' scenario. However, success of the diet depends on compliance
      and despite the accessibility of the foods adherence has been found to vary
      greatly. Overall, the evidence supports the beneficial role of the dietary
      portfolio in reducing blood cholesterol levels and CHD risk.

PMID- 19968905
TI  - Session 4: CVD, diabetes and cancer: Diet, insulin resistance and diabetes: the
      right (pro)portions.
AB  - Excess energy intake and positive energy balance are associated with the
      development of obesity and insulin resistance, which is a key feature underlying
      the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. It is possible that dietary macronutrient
      intake may also be important, in particular increased levels of sugar and fat.
      High-fat energy-dense diets contribute to energy excess and obesity. Fat type is
      also a factor, with evidence suggesting that saturated fat intake is linked to
      insulin resistance. However, controversy exists about the role of carbohydrate in
      the development of diabetes. Epidemiological studies suggest that the risk of
      diabetes is unrelated to the total amount of carbohydrate, but that fibre intake
      and glycaemic load are important. Common dietary advice for the prevention of
      diabetes often advocates complex carbohydrates and restriction of simple
      carbohydrates; however, sugars may not be the main contributor to glycaemic load.
      Evidence continues to emerge in relation to the influence of dietary sugars
      intake on insulin resistance. In broader dietary terms fruit and vegetable intake
      may influence insulin resistance, possibly related to increased intake of fibre
      and micronutrients or displacement of other food types. There is also
      considerable debate about the most effective diet and appropriate macronutrient
      composition to facilitate weight loss. Recent evidence suggests comparable
      effects of diets with varying macronutrient profiles on weight loss, which is
      predominantly related to energy restriction. However, based on the results of
      diabetes prevention trials focusing on lifestyle measures, evidence favours low
      fat diets as the preferred approach for weight loss and diabetes prevention.

PMID- 19968906
TI  - Plenary Lecture 2: Transcription factors, regulatory elements and nutrient-gene
      communication.
AB  - Dramatic advances have been made in the understanding of the differing molecular
      mechanisms used by nutrients to regulate genes that are essential for their
      biological roles to carry out normal metabolism. Classical studies have focused
      on nutrients as ligands to activate specific transcription factors. New interest
      has focused on histone acetylation as a process for either global or limited gene
      activation and is the first mechanism to be discussed. Nuclear ATP-citrate lyase
      generates acetyl-CoA, which has been shown to have a role in the activation of
      specific genes via selective histone acetylation. Transcription factor
      acetylation may provide a second mode of control of nutrient-responsive gene
      transcription. The third mechanism relates to the availability of response
      elements within chromatin, which as well as the location of the elements in the
      gene may allow or prevent transcription. A fourth mechanism involves
      intracellular transport of Zn ions, which can orchestrate localized enzyme
      inhibition-activation. This process in turn influences signalling molecules that
      regulate gene expression. The examples provided in the present review point to a
      new level of complexity in understanding nutrient-gene communication.

PMID- 19968907
TI  - Symposium on 'Geographical and geological influences on nutrition': Factors
      controlling the distribution of selenium in the environment and their impact on
      health and nutrition.
AB  - Se is essential to human and animal health but can be toxic in excess. An
      interest in its geochemistry has developed alongside a greater understanding of
      its function in a number of health conditions. Geology exerts a strong control on
      the Se status of the surface environment; low-Se rock-types (0.05-0.09 mg Se/kg)
      make up the majority of rocks occurring at the Earth's surface, which in turn
      account for the generally low levels of Se in most soils. However, there are
      exceptions such as associations with sulfide mineralisation and in some types of
      sedimentary rocks (e.g. black shales) in which contents of Se can be much higher.
      Baseline geochemical data now enable a comparison to be made between
      environmental and human Se status, although a direct link is only likely to be
      seen if the population is dependent on the local environment for sustenance. This
      situation is demonstrated with an example from the work of the British Geological
      Survey in the Se-deficiency belt of China. The recent fall in the daily dietary
      Se intake in the UK is discussed in the context of human Se status and declining
      use of North American wheat in bread making. Generally, US wheat has ten times
      more Se than UK wheat, attributed to the fact that soils from the wheat-growing
      belt of America are more enriched in Se to a similar order of magnitude. In
      agriculture effective biofortification of crops with Se-rich fertilisers must be
      demonstrably safe to the environment and monitored appropriately and baseline
      geochemical data will enable this process to be done with confidence.

PMID- 19968908
TI  - Symposium on 'Geographical and geological influences on nutrition': Iodine
      deficiency in industrialised countries.
AB  - Iodine deficiency is not only a problem in developing regions; it also affects
      many industrialised countries. Globally, two billion individuals have an
      insufficient iodine intake, and approximately 50% of continental Europe remains
      mildly iodine deficient. Iodine intakes in other industrialised countries,
      including the USA and Australia, have fallen in recent years. Iodine deficiency
      has reappeared in Australia, as a result of declining iodine residues in milk
      products because of decreased iodophor use by the dairy industry. In the USA,
      although the general population is iodine sufficient, it is uncertain whether
      iodine intakes are adequate in pregnancy, which has led to calls for iodine
      supplementation. The few available data suggest that pregnant women in the
      Republic of Ireland and the UK are now mildly iodine deficient, possibly as a
      result of reduced use of iodophors by the dairy industry, as observed in
      Australia. Representative data on iodine status in children and pregnant women in
      the UK are urgently needed to inform health policy. In most industrialised
      countries the best strategy to control iodine deficiency is carefully-monitored
      salt iodisation. However, because approximately 90% of salt consumption in
      industrialised countries is from purchased processed foods, the iodisation of
      household salt only will not supply adequate iodine. Thus, in order to
      successfully control iodine deficiency in industrialised countries it is critical
      that the food industry use iodised salt. The current push to reduce salt
      consumption to prevent chronic diseases and the policy of salt iodisation to
      eliminate iodine deficiency do not conflict; iodisation methods can fortify salt
      to provide recommended iodine intakes even if per capita salt intakes are reduced
      to <5 g/d.

PMID- 19968909
TI  - Symposium 6: Young people, artificial nutrition and transitional care: Nutrition,
      growth and puberty in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease.
AB  - Of the individuals who present with Crohn's disease 25% are <18 years of age,
      mostly adolescent. Nutritional impairment and delayed growth are common at
      diagnosis and remain an issue during the disease course. Treatment has the
      primary aim to control symptoms, induce disease remission and achieve normal
      growth in the long term and includes nutritional support and early use of
      immunomodulation. Puberty may be discordant and is generally late and final adult
      height may not be achieved until the late teenage years. Chronic ill health and
      delayed growth may be accompanied by emotional and intellectual immaturity. These
      factors, including the varying rates of physical and emotional development, need
      to be considered during adolescence with multidisciplinary input to ensure that
      the young patient is appropriately supported. Transition to adult care requires
      close collaboration between paediatric and healthcare teams with careful
      attention to nutritional, emotional and educational issues, all of which are
      relevant in the progression from childhood, through adolescence and to adult
      life.

PMID- 19968910
TI  - Extrinsic and intrinsic factors controlling axonal regeneration after spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - Spinal cord injury is one of the most devastating conditions that affects the
      central nervous system. It can lead to permanent disability and there are around
      two million people affected worldwide. After injury, accumulation of myelin
      debris and formation of an inhibitory glial scar at the site of injury leads to a
      physical and chemical barrier that blocks axonal growth and regeneration. The
      mammalian central nervous system thus has a limited intrinsic ability to repair
      itself after injury. To improve axonal outgrowth and promote functional recovery,
      it is essential to identify the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors
      controlling regeneration and navigation of axons within the inhibitory
      environment of the central nervous system. Recent advances in spinal cord
      research have opened new avenues for the exploration of potential targets for
      repairing the cord and improving functional recovery after trauma. Here, we
      discuss some of the important key molecules that could be harnessed for repairing
      spinal cord injury.

PMID- 19968911
TI  - Epistatic interactions attenuate mutations affecting startle behaviour in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Epistasis is an important feature of the genetic architecture of quantitative
      traits. Previously, we showed that startle-induced locomotor behaviour of
      Drosophila melanogaster, a critical survival trait, is highly polygenic and
      exhibits epistasis. Here, we characterize epistatic interactions among homozygous
      P-element mutations affecting startle-induced locomotion in the Canton-S isogenic
      background and in 21 wild-derived inbred genetic backgrounds. We find pervasive
      epistasis for pairwise combinations of homozygous P-element insertional mutations
      as well as for mutations in wild-derived backgrounds. In all cases, the direction
      of the epistatic effects is to suppress the mutant phenotypes. The magnitude of
      the epistatic interactions in wild-derived backgrounds is highly correlated with
      the magnitude of the main effects of mutations, leading to phenotypic robustness
      of the startle response in the face of deleterious mutations. There is variation
      in the magnitude of epistasis among the wild-derived genetic backgrounds,
      indicating evolutionary potential for enhancing or suppressing effects of single
      mutations. These results provide a partial glimpse of the complex genetic network
      underlying the genetic architecture of startle behaviour and provide empirical
      support for the hypothesis that suppressing epistasis is the mechanism underlying
      genetic canalization of traits under strong stabilizing selection. Widespread
      suppressing epistasis will lead to underestimates of the main effects of
      quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in mapping experiments when not explicitly
      accounted for. In addition, suppressing epistasis could lead to underestimates of
      mutational variation for quantitative traits and overestimates of the strength of
      stabilizing selection, which has implications for maintenance of variation of
      complex traits by mutation-selection balance.

PMID- 19968912
TI  - Sampling strategies for whole genome association studies in aquaculture and
      outcrossing plant species.
AB  - A number of farmed species are characterized by breeding populations of large
      full-sib families, including aquaculture species and outcrossing plant species.
      Whole genome association studies in such species must account for stratification
      arising from the full-sib family structure to avoid high rates of false
      discovery. Here, we demonstrate the value of selective genotyping strategies
      which balance the contribution of families across high and low phenotypes to
      greatly reduce rates of false discovery with a minimal effect on power.

PMID- 19968913
TI  - Beneficial effects of denosumab for reducing risk of vertebral and nonvertebral
      fractures.

PMID- 19968914
TI  - Osteoporosis prevention and nutrition.
AB  - Although calcium and vitamin D have been the primary focus of nutritional
      prevention of osteoporosis, recent research has clarified the importance of
      several additional nutrients and food constituents. Further, results of calcium
      and vitamin D supplementation trials have been inconsistent, suggesting that
      reliance on this intervention may be inadequate. In addition to dairy, fruit and
      vegetable intake has emerged as an important modifiable protective factor for
      bone health. Several nutrients, including magnesium, potassium, vitamin C,
      vitamin K, several B vitamins, and carotenoids, have been shown to be more
      important than previously realized. Rather than having a negative effect on bone,
      protein intake appears to benefit bone status, particularly in older adults.
      Regular intake of cola beverages shows negative effects and moderate alcohol
      intake shows positive effects on bone, particularly in older women. Current
      research on diet and bone status supports encouragement of balanced diets with
      plenty of fruit and vegetables, adequate dairy and other protein foods, and
      limitation of foods with low nutrient density.

PMID- 19968915
TI  - Bone loss or lost bone: rationale and recommendations for the diagnosis and
      treatment of early postmenopausal bone loss.
AB  - Recent reports suggest that bone loss begins during late perimenopause at a
      dramatic rate, even before estrogen levels plummet. During the ensuing 5 years,
      there is evidence of the beginnings of microarchitectural deterioration, which
      impacts bone strength and ultimately enhances its propensity to fracture. The
      diagnosis of osteoporosis based on T-scores alone, or through stratification for
      a high fracture risk by FRAX, excludes these women who are rapidly losing bone.
      Because all antiosteoporosis therapies, in particular bisphosphonates, reduce
      bone loss, we propose aggressive, likely short-term therapy with a goal to reduce
      bone loss, stabilize bone density, and prevent microarchitectural deterioration.

PMID- 19968916
TI  - Variation in risk factors for fractures at different sites.
AB  - Fractures in older people are important medical problems. Knowledge of risk
      factors is essential for successful preventive measures, but when fracture sites
      of diverse etiology are combined, risk factors for any one site are difficult to
      identify and may be missed entirely. Among older people, incidence rates of hip,
      proximal humerus, and vertebral fractures increase with age, but not rates of
      distal forearm and foot fractures. Low bone mineral density is strongly
      associated with hip, distal forearm, vertebral, and proximal humerus fractures,
      but not foot fracture. Most fractures of the hip, distal forearm, and proximal
      humerus result from a fall, whereas smaller proportions of fractures of the foot
      and vertebrae follow a fall. Frail people are likely to fracture their hip or
      proximal humerus, while healthy, active people tend to fracture their distal
      forearm. We strongly recommend that studies identify risk factors on a site
      specific basis.

PMID- 19968918
TI  - Early life factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
AB  - Osteoporosis is a major public health burden through associated fragility
      fractures. Bone mass, a composite of bone size and volumetric density, increases
      through early life and childhood to a peak in early adulthood. The peak bone mass
      attained is a strong predictor of future risk of osteoporosis. Evidence is
      accruing that environmental factors in utero and in early infancy may permanently
      modify the postnatal pattern of skeletal growth to peak and thus influence risk
      of osteoporosis in later life. This article describes the latest data in this
      exciting area of research, including novel epigenetic and translation work, which
      should help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and give rise to potential
      public health interventions to reduce the burden of osteoporotic fracture in
      future generations.

PMID- 19968917
TI  - Proinflammatory cytokines and osteoporosis.
AB  - Experimental studies indicate that the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1,
      interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are important regulators of bone
      resorption and may play an important role in age- and estrogen deficiency-related
      bone loss. Although the observation of accelerated bone loss in patients with
      inflammatory disorders supports this mechanism, the role of cytokines in the
      etiology of osteoporosis has yet to be determined. Elucidation of this potential
      relationship could not only provide clinicians with an additional tool to
      identify patients at risk for osteoporosis, but may also inform the development
      of cytokine-blocking therapies as potential interventions to curb bone loss.
      Although some epidemiologic studies suggest increases in proinflammatory
      cytokines are associated with decreased bone mass and greater fracture risk, the
      totality of evidence is limited and provides no clear indication of which
      cytokines may be most important for bone health. Additional studies are required
      to establish if inflammation is an important risk factor for osteoporosis.

PMID- 19968919
TI  - Mechanisms of postcardiac surgery atrial fibrillation: more pieces in a difficult
      puzzle.

PMID- 19968920
TI  - Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation under therapeutic international
      normalized ratio: a safe and efficacious periprocedural anticoagulation strategy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The best periprocedural anticoagulation strategy at the time of
      pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is not known. Most centers stop administering
      warfarin (Coumadin) and use bridging with heparin or enoxaparin. OBJECTIVE: The
      purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PVI under
      therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). METHODS: Between January 2005
      and December 2008, PVI was performed in 3,052 patients with therapeutic INR (> or
      =1.8) at the time of ablation. All patients were evaluated for ischemic strokes
      and bleeding complications. RESULTS: Mean INR was 2.53 +/- 0.62. Only 3 (0.098%)
      patients had ischemic strokes. One patient had a hemorrhagic stroke on the third
      day postablation but recovered completely by 1-week follow-up. Bleeding
      complications occurred in 34 (1.11%) patients; most were minor (0.79%). Major
      hemorrhagic complications occurred in 10 (0.33%) patients (tamponade in 5,
      hematomas requiring intervention in 2, transfusion necessary in 3). CONCLUSION:
      In a large patient population, continuation of Coumadin at a therapeutic INR at
      the time of PVI without use of heparin or enoxaparin for bridging is a safe and
      efficacious periprocedural anticoagulation strategy. It is an acceptable and
      potentially better alternative to strategies that use bridging with heparin or
      enoxaparin.

PMID- 19968921
TI  - Anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, and therapeutic international normalized
      ratio during catheter ablation.

PMID- 19968922
TI  - Clinically significant magnetic interference of implanted cardiac devices by
      portable headphones.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Little is known about the magnetic field strength of portable
      headphones and their potential to cause magnetic interference with implanted
      pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). OBJECTIVE:
      The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnetic field strength of portable
      headphones and to determine if they can cause clinically relevant magnetic
      interference. METHODS: PM or ICD function was assessed in 100 patients during
      exposure to eight different models of portable headphones to determine the
      incidence of clinically relevant magnetic interference. The magnetic field
      strength of the headphones also was measured in vitro. RESULTS: Clinically
      relevant magnetic interference from portable headphones occurred in 30 (30%) of
      100 patients and more commonly affected ICD than PM patients (21/55 [38.2%] vs
      9/45 [20.0%]; P = .048). All patients affected by magnetic interference
      experienced a magnet response, characterized by asynchronous pacing in PM
      patients and by inhibition of tachyarrhythmia detection in ICD patients. In all
      but one of the 30 cases of magnetic interference, removal of the headphones from
      the patient's chest immediately restored normal device function. Headphones with
      a measured magnetic field strength > or =10 gauss at 2 cm were much more likely
      to cause magnetic interference than were those with lower magnetic field strength
      (30/100 [30%] patients vs 0/100 [0%] patients; P <.0001). Magnetic interference
      was not observed when headphones were placed > or =3 cm from the skin surface.
      CONCLUSION: Clinically significant magnetic interference can occur when portable
      headphones are placed in close proximity to implanted PMs and ICDs. Patients with
      such a device should be advised to keep portable headphones at least 3 cm from
      their device.

PMID- 19968923
TI  - QRS configuration and cardiac resynchronization therapy: do we need a patient
      specific approach?

PMID- 19968924
TI  - The cardiac veins in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries:
      delivery options for cardiac devices.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Device implantation is sometimes required in congenitally corrected
      transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) because of morphologic right
      ventricular (RV) dysfunction and complete heart block. The anatomical course of
      the veins remains unknown, despite well-described coronary arterial anatomy.
      Knowledge of the venous anatomy may facilitate planning of percutaneous cardiac
      procedures in these patients. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to characterize the
      venous anatomy in ccTGA. METHODS: Pathologic cardiac specimens from patients with
      ccTGA were identified from the Mayo Clinic pathology database. Coronary sinus
      (CS) anatomy and distances from the CS ostium to the major cardiac veins were
      evaluated. Thebesian veins with ostial openings >1 mm, epicardial veins, and
      venous collaterals were also quantified. RESULTS: There were 56 hearts with a
      diagnosis of ccTGA identified. The CS was unidentifiable in 5 hearts due to
      slicing, and assessment of the Thebesian veins was not possible in 16. Seven
      hearts had an abnormal CS, 2 of which had atretic ostia and the other 5 of which
      either had an abnormal ostial location or multiple ostia. There were 28 hearts
      with at least 1 Thebesian vein with an ostial opening >1 mm. All 12 hearts with
      unidentifiable Thebesian veins had venous collaterals from the right ventricle
      (RV) to the major cardiac veins. Epicardial veins extended to the proximal,
      middle, and distal thirds of the RV in 71%, 23%, and 6%, respectively.
      CONCLUSION: In ccTGA, the ventricular venous anatomy is abnormal and follows the
      morphologic RV. However, large interventricular and Thebesian veins may offer
      options for percutaneous lead or catheter placement when approaching the systemic
      RV.

PMID- 19968925
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux and atrial-esophageal fistula.

PMID- 19968926
TI  - Differences in atrial fibrillation properties under vagal nerve stimulation
      versus atrial tachycardia remodeling.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There are many similarities between atrial effects of atrial
      tachycardia remodeling (ATR) and vagal nerve stimulation (VS): both promote
      atrial fibrillation (AF), reduce atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and
      AERP rate accommodation, enhance AERP heterogeneity, and increase inward
      rectifier K+ current. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare the consequences of
      ATR and VS at similar levels of AERP abbreviation in dogs. METHODS: ATR dogs (n =
      6) were subjected to 7-day atrial tachypacing at 400 beats/min, with
      radiofrequency-induced atrioventricular block and ventricular demand pacing (80
      beats/min) to control ventricular response. VS was applied in 6 matched dogs with
      stimulation parameters selected to produce similar mean AERP values to ATR dogs.
      RESULTS: ATR and VS produced similarly short AERPs (79 +/- 12 and 80 +/- 12 ms,
      respectively), AERP rate-adaptation loss, and AERP heterogeneity increases.
      Although both ATR and VS increased AF duration, VS was significantly more
      effective in AF promotion, with mean AF duration of 992 +/- 134 seconds, versus
      440 +/- 240 seconds (P <.05) under ATR. The greater AF-promoting effect of VS was
      associated with greater mean dominant frequency values during AF (11.7 +/- 1.8
      versus 10.0 +/- 1.3 Hz ATR, P <.05). VS greatly enhanced the spatial dominant
      frequency variability, increasing the coefficient of variation to 15.2 +/- 1.9
      Hz, versus 8.9 +/- 1.5 Hz for ATR (P <.05), primarily by increasing the per-dog
      maximum dominant frequency (15.4 +/- 0.6 Hz versus 12.5 +/- 0.6 for ATR, P <.01).
      CONCLUSION: For matched AERP values, VS promotes AF more strongly than ATR.
      Despite similar AERP changes, VS produces considerably greater increases in
      dominant frequencies, particularly maximum values, consistent with previous
      suggestions that inward-rectifier K+ current enhancement is particularly
      effective at accelerating and stabilizing spiral wave rotors that maintain AF.

PMID- 19968927
TI  - Vagally mediated stabilization: the latest spin on rotors in atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 19968928
TI  - Complex fractionated atrial electrograms: properties of time-domain versus
      frequency-domain methods.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) are thought to
      identify high-frequency electrical sources and have become an important target
      for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods used to identify
      CFAEs and locate suitable ablation sites usually depend on subjective analysis of
      the electrograms but may also involve objective, computer-based paradigms through
      either time- or frequency-domain approaches. METHODS: We generated a set of
      simulated test electrograms, which were defined by a combination of a basic cycle
      length, phase-resetting noise, and phase-preserving noise, accounting for far
      field effects. The simulated electrograms were analyzed separately by well-known
      basic time-domain (complex fractionated electrogram [CFE]) and frequency-domain
      (dominant frequency [DF]) methods, and the results were compared with each other
      to determine objectively the potential reliability of either method to accurately
      estimate the cycle length of the atrial electrogram. RESULTS: The behavior of the
      time-domain method depends on the assumed amplitude-sensitivity threshold and can
      be tuned to its optimal performance but only for signals having stable (and known
      a priori) amplitude. When the signal amplitude varies randomly (with +/-20%
      standard deviation range), the time-domain method loses performance. By contrast,
      the performance of the frequency-domain method remains stable. CONCLUSION:
      Despite potentially good performance of time-domain methods to estimate the cycle
      length during AF and localize ablation sites, their performance is easily prone
      to degradation. The frequency-domain method seems to be much more robust.

PMID- 19968929
TI  - Frequency-domain versus time-domain analysis: optimizing complex fractionated
      atrial electrogram identification for atrial fibrillation ablation.

PMID- 19968930
TI  - More seafood to control heart rate?

PMID- 19968931
TI  - Precordial thump for cardiac arrest is effective for asystole but not for
      ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Precordial thump for cardiac arrest remains controversial. Although
      precordial blows can trigger ventricular fibrillation (VF) (i.e., commotio
      cordis), they paradoxically have been regarded as potential therapy for cardiac
      arrest. In commotio cordis, impact energy and resultant peak left ventricular
      (LV) pressure are important variables in VF initiation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of
      this study was to assess the relationship between LV pressures generated by
      thumps and their effectiveness in defibrillation of VF or resuscitation of
      asystole after defibrillation. METHODS: After induction of VF, 10 swine each
      received 18 chest thumps; two sets of three thumps each with a clenched fist, a
      30-mph lacrosse ball, and a 40-mph lacrosse ball. If asystole followed
      defibrillation, manual thumps were given to induce ventricular depolarizations
      until resumption of spontaneous rhythm. RESULTS: During VF, generated LV pressure
      (mmHg) was 263 +/- 52 with manual thumps, 392 +/- 179 with 30-mph ball thumps,
      and 616 +/- 182 with 40-mph ball thumps (P <.001). None of the 180 thumps
      terminated VF. All episodes required electrical defibrillation. During asystole,
      generated LV pressures were greater for thumps that induced ventricular
      depolarizations than for those that did not (111 +/- 27 mmHg vs 73 +/- 23 mmHg, P
      <.001). A significant association was observed between induction of ventricular
      depolarizations and thump-generated LV pressures (odds ratio 2.0 per 10 mmHg rise
      in LV pressure, 95% confidence interval 1.8-2.1). CONCLUSION: Despite generating
      high LV pressures, precordial thumps were not effective in terminating VF. Based
      on these data, precordial thump for VF in cardiac arrest victims cannot be
      recommended but for asystolic victims might be beneficial.

PMID- 19968932
TI  - The antiarrhythmic blow to the sternum: Thumpversion.

PMID- 19968933
TI  - Paroxysmal atrioventricular block: are phase 3 and phase 4 block mechanisms or
      misnomers?

PMID- 19968934
TI  - Two-to-one atrioventricular block: what is the mechanism?

PMID- 19968935
TI  - How to diagnose and treat cardiac tamponade in the electrophysiology laboratory.

PMID- 19968936
TI  - Basic and translational.

PMID- 19968937
TI  - Clinical.

PMID- 19968938
TI  - Introduction: foundations of pediatrics.

PMID- 19968939
TI  - Foundations of pediatrics: Henry K. Silver, MD (1918-1991).

PMID- 19968940
TI  - Reach out and read: literacy promotion in pediatric primary care.

PMID- 19968941
TI  - Immunization update II.

PMID- 19968942
TI  - Severe childhood respiratory viral infections.

PMID- 19968943
TI  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: a prenatal and postnatal threat.

PMID- 19968944
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents.

PMID- 19968946
TI  - Relationships among serum iron, inflammation, and body mass index in children.

PMID- 19968947
TI  - The gender medicine team: "it takes a village".

PMID- 19968945
TI  - Opportunities for the primary prevention of obesity during infancy.

PMID- 19968949
TI  - Autism: an update.

PMID- 19968948
TI  - Fragile X: a family of disorders.

PMID- 19968950
TI  - Child pornography: legal and medical considerations.

PMID- 19968952
TI  - Pediatric brain tumors.

PMID- 19968951
TI  - Advances in the care of children with burns.

PMID- 19968953
TI  - Pediatric stroke: past, present and future.

PMID- 19968954
TI  - Global child health: promises made to children-not yet kept.

PMID- 19968955
TI  - Advances in the management of pain in children: acute pain.

PMID- 19968956
TI  - Update in pediatric resuscitation.

PMID- 19968957
TI  - Cyclophilin A (CypA) is associated with the inflammatory infiltration and
      alveolar bone destruction in an experimental periodontitis.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CypA is able to regulate inflammatory responses and
      MMPs production via interaction with its cell surface receptor, EMMPRIN. This
      study aimed to address the possible association of CypA with pathological
      inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues, and whether CypA-EMMPRIN
      interaction exists in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental
      periodontitis was induced by ligation according to our previous method.
      Histological and radiographic examinations were performed. Western blot was used
      to detect CypA and EMMPRIN expressions in gingival tissues. Immunohistochemistry
      was applied for CypA, EMMPRIN, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, as well as cell markers of
      macrophage, lymphocyte and neutrophil. CypA expression, alveolar bone loss, and
      inflammatory infiltrations were quantified followed by correlation analyses.
      RESULTS: Western blot revealed that CypA and EMMRPIN expressions were
      dramatically elevated in inflamed gingival tissues (ligature group) as compared
      to healthy gingival tissues (control group). The enhanced CypA and EMMPRIN
      expressions were highly consistent in cell localization on seriate sections. They
      were permanently co-localized in infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes, as
      well as osteoclasts and osteoblasts in interradicular bone, but rarely expressed
      by infiltrating neutrophils. MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions were also
      sharply increased in inflamed gingiva. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were mainly over-expressed
      by macrophages, while MMP-1 was over-produced by fibroblasts and infiltrating
      cells. The number of CypA-positive cells was strongly correlated with the ACJ-AC
      distance (r=0.839, p=0.000), the number of macrophages (r=0.972, p=0.000), and
      the number of lymphocytes (r=0.951, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: CypA is associated with
      the inflammatory infiltration and alveolar bone destruction of periodontitis.
      CypA-EMMPRIN interaction may exist in these pathological processes.

PMID- 19968958
TI  - Potassium channel regulator KCNRG regulates surface expression of Shaker-type
      potassium channels.
AB  - Besides their role in the generation of action potentials, voltage-gated
      potassium channels are implicated in cellular processes ranging from cell
      division to cell death. The K(+) channel regulator protein (KCNRG), identified as
      a putative tumor suppressor, reduces K(+) currents through human K(+) channels
      hKv1.1 and hKv1.4 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Current attenuation requires the
      presence of the N-terminal T1 Domain and immunoprecipitation experiments suggest
      association of KCNRG with the N-terminus of the channel. Our data indicates that
      KCNRG is an ER-associated protein, which we propose regulates Kv1 family channel
      proteins by retaining a fraction of channels in endomembranes.

PMID- 19968959
TI  - Crystal structure of bacterioferritin from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
AB  - Iron is essential for the survival of organisms, but either excess or deficient
      levels of iron induce oxidative stress, thereby causing cell damage. As a result,
      iron regulation is essential for proper cell growth and proliferation in most
      organisms. Bacterioferritin is a ferritin-like family protein that contains a
      heme molecule and a ferroxidase site at the di-iron center. This protein plays a
      primary role in intracellular iron storage for iron homeostasis, as well as in
      the maintenance of iron in a soluble and non-toxic form. Although several
      bacterioferritin structures have been determined, no structural studies have
      successfully elucidated the molecular function of the heme molecule and the
      ferroxidase center. Here, we report the crystal structure of bacterioferritin
      from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. This protein exists in a roughly spherical
      configuration via the assembly of 24 subunits. We describe the oligomeric
      arrangement, ferroxidase center and heme-binding site based on this structure.
      The protein contains a single iron-binding configuration in the ferroxidase
      center, which allows for the release of iron by His130 when the protein is in the
      intermediate state. The heme molecule in RsBfr is stabilized by shifting of the
      van der Waals interaction center between the porphyrin of the heme and Trp26. We
      anticipate that further structural analysis will provide a more complete
      understanding of the molecular mechanisms of members of the ferritin-like family.

PMID- 19968960
TI  - Decreased expression of glutaredoxin 1 is required for transforming growth factor
      beta1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of EpRas mammary epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a cytokine important in inducing
      epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial morphological event in a wide
      range of physiological and pathological cellular processes. In this study, we
      demonstrate that TGF-beta1 induces the EMT phenotype through decreasing the
      expression of the glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) gene, an anti-oxidant enzyme, in H-Ras
      transformed EpH4 mammary epithelial cells (EpRas), but not in the parental EpH4
      cells. TGF-beta1-induced reduction of Grx1 expression caused an increase of
      intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EpRas cells, and pre-treatment of
      the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited TGF-beta1-induced EMT. Grx1
      overexpressing EpRas cells showed a reduction in intracellular ROS generation and
      suppressed the expression of mesenchymal markers upon treatment of TGF-beta1. In
      addition, MEK/MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling were
      found to mediate the decrease in Grx1 expression upon TGF-beta1 treatment,
      depending on the presence of Ras protein. Thus our findings strongly suggest that
      TGF-beta1 promotes EMT by increasing intracellular ROS levels via down-regulation
      of the Grx1 gene in EpRas cells.

PMID- 19968961
TI  - Intermolecular cross-talk between NTR1 and NTR2 neurotensin receptor promotes
      intracellular sequestration and functional inhibition of NTR1 receptors.
AB  - G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are now regarded as being able to acquire
      heterodimer conformations affecting their pharmacology, signaling and
      trafficking. In co-immunoprecipitation studies using differentially epitope
      tagged receptors, we herein provide direct evidence for heterodimerization of
      human neurotensin type 1 receptor (hNTR1) and type 2 receptor (hNTR2). Using
      chimeric constructs, we also identified the hNTR2 transmembrane 2 (TM2) to TM4
      region as crucial for the formation of the dimerization interface. At the
      functional level, we demonstrated that the co-expression of hNTR2 suppressed
      hNTR1-mediated adenylate cyclase/cAMP and phospholipase C activation. Finally,
      confocal microscopy revealed that whereas tagged hNTR1 expressed alone were
      localized to the plasma membrane, co-expression of hNTR2 caused the retention of
      hNTR1 in sub-cellular compartments, indicating that heterodimerization with hNTR2
      interferes with the proper recruitment of hNTR1 to the plasma membrane. Overall,
      this study proposes a novel function of NTR2 in the regulation of NTR1 activity.

PMID- 19968962
TI  - Application of hyperthermia in addition to ionizing irradiation fosters necrotic
      cell death and HMGB1 release of colorectal tumor cells.
AB  - Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries.
      Tumor therapies should on the one hand aim to stop the proliferation of tumor
      cells and to kill them, and on the other hand stimulate a specific immune
      response against residual cancer cells. Dying cells are modulators of the immune
      system contributing to anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory responses, depending
      on the respective cell death form. The positive therapeutic effects of
      temperature-controlled hyperthermia (HT), when combined with ionizing irradiation
      (X-ray), were the origin to examine whether combinations of X-ray with HT can
      induce immune activating tumor cell death forms, also characterized by the
      release of the danger signal HMGB1. Human colorectal tumor cells with differing
      radiosensitivities were treated with combinations of HT (41.5 degrees C for 1h)
      and X-ray (5 or 10Gy). Necrotic cell death was prominent after X-ray and could be
      further increased by HT. Apoptosis remained quite low in HCT 15 and SW480 cells.
      X-ray and combinations with HT arrested the tumor cells in the radiosensitive G2
      cell cycle phase. The amount of released HMGB1 protein was significantly enhanced
      after combinatorial treatments in comparison to single ones. We conclude that
      combining X-ray with HT may induce anti-tumor immunity as a result of the
      predominant induction of inflammatory necrotic tumor cells and the release of
      HMGB1.

PMID- 19968963
TI  - Myosin IIA participates in docking of Glut4 storage vesicles with the plasma
      membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
AB  - In adipocytes and myocytes, insulin stimulation translocates glucose transporter
      4 (Glut4) storage vesicles (GSVs) from their intracellular storage sites to the
      plasma membrane (PM) where they dock with the PM. Then, Glut4 is inserted into
      the PM and initiates glucose uptake into these cells. Previous studies using
      chemical inhibitors demonstrated that myosin II participates in fusion of GSVs
      and the PM and increase in the intrinsic activity of Glut4. In this study, the
      effect of myosin IIA on GSV trafficking was examined by knocking down myosin IIA
      expression. Myosin IIA knockdown decreased both glucose uptake and exposures of
      myc-tagged Glut4 to the cell surface in insulin-stimulated cells, but did not
      affect insulin signal transduction. Interestingly, myosin IIA knockdown failed to
      decrease insulin-dependent trafficking of Glut4 to the PM. Moreover, in myosin
      IIA knockdown cells, insulin-stimulated binding of GSV SNARE protein, vesicle
      associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) to PM SNARE protein, syntaxin 4 was
      inhibited. These data suggest that myosin IIA plays a role in insulin-stimulated
      docking of GSVs to the PM in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through SNARE complex formation.

PMID- 19968964
TI  - Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 is an essential receptor for
      trichosanthin in 2 choriocarcinoma cell lines.
AB  - Type-I ribosome-inactivating protein-trichosanthin (TCS) exhibits selective
      cytotoxicity toward different types of cells. It is believed that the
      cytotoxicity results from the inhibition of ribosomes to decrease protein
      synthesis, thereby indicating that there are specific mechanisms for TCS entry
      into target cells to reach the ribosomes. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor
      related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large scavenger receptor that is responsible for
      the binding and endocytosis of diverse biological ligands on the cell surface. In
      this study, we demonstrated that 2 choriocarcinoma cell lines can significantly
      bind and internalize TCS. In contrast, Hela cell line displayed no obvious TCS
      binding and endocytosis. Furthermore LRP1 gene silencing in JAR and BeWo cell
      lines blocked TCS binding; TCS could also interact with LRP1.The results of our
      study established that LRP1 was a major receptor for phagocytosis of TCS in JAR
      and BeWo cell lines and might be the molecular basis of TCS abortificient and
      anti-choriocarcinoma activity.

PMID- 19968965
TI  - Defining the regulation of KLF4 expression and its downstream transcriptional
      targets in vascular endothelial cells.
AB  - The Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) transcription
      factors have recently been shown to act as critical regulators of endothelial
      homeostasis. While several insights have been made into the signaling mechanisms
      orchestrating endothelial KLF2 expression, those governing the expression of KLF4
      in the vascular endothelium remain largely unknown. Here, we show that diverse
      vasoprotective stimuli including an atheroprotective shear stress waveform,
      simvastatin, and resveratrol induce the expression of KLF4 in cultured human
      endothelial cells. We further demonstrate that the induction of KLF4 by
      resveratrol and atheroprotective shear stress occurs via a MEK5/MEF2-dependent
      signaling pathway. Since MEK5 activation is also critical for the expression of
      KLF2, we assessed the individual contribution of KLF4 and KLF2 to the global
      transcriptional activity triggered by MEK5 activation. Genome-wide
      transcriptional profiling of endothelial cells overexpressing KLF4, KLF2, or
      constitutively active MEK5 revealed that 59.2% of the genes regulated by the
      activation of MEK5 were similarly controlled by either KLF2 or KLF4.
      Collectively, our data identify a significant degree of mechanistic and
      functional conservation between KLF2 and KLF4, and importantly, provide further
      insights into the complex regulatory networks governing endothelial
      vasoprotection.

PMID- 19968966
TI  - Acetaminophen (paracetamol) inhibits myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidant production
      and biological damage at therapeutically achievable concentrations.
AB  - The heme peroxidase enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released by activated
      neutrophils and monocytes, where it uses hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to catalyze
      the production of the potent oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypobromous acid
      (HOBr) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) from halide and pseudohalide (SCN(-))
      ions. These oxidants have been implicated as key mediators of tissue damage in
      many human inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, asthma, rheumatoid
      arthritis, cystic fibrosis and some cancers. It is shown here that acetaminophen
      (paracetamol), a phenol-based drug with analgesic and antipyretic actions, is an
      efficient inhibitor of HOCl and HOBr generation by isolated MPO-H(2)O(2)-halide
      systems. With physiological halide concentrations, acetaminophen concentrations
      required for 50% inhibition of oxidant formation (IC(50)) were 77+/-6microM
      (100mMCl(-)) and 92+/-2microM (100mMCl(-) plus 100microMBr(-)), as measured by
      trapping of oxidants with taurine. The IC(50) for inhibition of HOCl generation
      by human neutrophils was ca. 100microM. These values are lower than the maximal
      therapeutic plasma concentrations of acetaminophen (< or =150microM) resulting
      from typical dosing regimes. Acetaminophen did not diminish superoxide generation
      by neutrophils, as measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. Inhibition
      of HOCl production was associated with the generation of fluorescent
      acetaminophen oxidation products, consistent with acetaminophen acting as a
      competitive substrate of MPO. Inhibition by acetaminophen was maintained in the
      presence of heparan sulfate and extracellular matrix, materials implicated in the
      sequestration of MPO at sites of inflammation in vivo. Overall, these data
      indicate that acetaminophen may be an important modulator of MPO activity in
      vivo.

PMID- 19968967
TI  - Changes in NPY and POMC, but not serotonin transporter, following a restricted
      feeding/repletion protocol in rats.
AB  - Serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role in controlling food intake and feeding
      behaviour and drugs targeting the 5-HT transporter (SERT) at the synaptic cleft
      have been used to treat feeding related disorders. To test the hypothesis that
      SERT might be one of the etiologic factors in the rebound hyperphagia that
      frequently follows the abandoning of calorie restriction diets, brain SERT
      content and gene expression were assessed in a restricted feeding/repletion (RFR)
      protocol in female rats. Animals were food-restricted (2 h access to food per
      day) for 7 consecutive days and then allowed constant free access to food (FAF).
      This intermittent fasting protocol resulted in rebound hyperphagia. Higher levels
      of plasma corticosterone during fasting in food-deprived rats were used as an
      index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. Neither brain SERT
      density nor expression was modified following the RFR protocol. Nevertheless,
      with respect to other messengers involved in eating behaviour, in the presence of
      low plasma leptin levels, an increase in NPY expression and a parallel decrease
      in POMC expression were observed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rats
      killed just before rebound hyperphagia. Food-restricted animals provide a tool
      for the further study of neurochemical alterations and for the development of new
      drugs to treat alterations that may occur in humans when dieting is abandoned.

PMID- 19968968
TI  - Induction of neuronal apoptosis by expression of Hes6 via p53-dependent pathway.
AB  - Hes6 is a member of hairy/enhancer of split (Hes) family that plays a role in the
      cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, we found that Hes6 is involved
      in the regulation of cell proliferation via p53-dependent pathway. In addition to
      the proliferating regions, brain regions where early post-mitotic neurons are
      enriched also exhibited Hes6 and p53 mRNA expression. Because p53 is involved in
      the post-mitotic neuronal apoptosis, here we investigated whether Hes6 can
      influence the neuronal survival/death. Overexpression of wild-type Hes6 and its
      mutants induced the apoptosis of primary cultured cortical neurons. In addition,
      neuronal apoptosis by Hes6 overexpression was markedly blunted in p53(-/-) or
      Bax(-/-) cortical neurons, suggesting that these pro-apoptotic effects are
      mediated by p53- and Bax-dependent pathway. However, transactivation-defective
      mutants of Hes6 also enhanced neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that apoptogenic
      activity of Hes6 is not directly related to its role in the transcriptional
      regulation. We propose that Hes6 may play a significant role in the neuronal cell
      death and/or pathological neurodegeneration via activation of p53 signaling.

PMID- 19968969
TI  - The role of inferior frontal and parietal areas in differentiating meaningful and
      meaningless object-directed actions.
AB  - Over the past two decades single cell recordings in primates and neuroimaging
      experiments in humans have uncovered the key properties of visuo-motor mirror
      neurons located in monkey premotor cortex and parietal cortices as well as
      homologous areas in the human inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortices
      which presumably house neurons with similar response properties. One of the most
      interesting claims regarding the human mirror neuron system (MNS) is that its
      activity reflects high-level action understanding. If this was the case, one
      would expect signal in the MNS to differentiate between meaningful and
      meaningless actions. In the current experiment we tested this prediction using a
      novel paradigm. Functional magnetic resonance images were collected while
      participants viewed (i) short films of object-directed actions (ODAs) which were
      either semantically meaningful, i.e. a hand pressed a stapler or semantically
      meaningless, i.e. a foot pressed a stapler, (ii) short films of pantomimed
      actions and (iii) static pictures of objects. Consistent with the notion that the
      MNS represents high-level action understanding, meaningful and meaningless
      actions elicited BOLD signal differences at bilateral sites in the supramarginal
      gyrus (SMG) of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) where we observed a double
      dissociation between BOLD response and meaningfullness of actions. Comparison of
      superadditive responses in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and IPL
      (supramarginal) regions revealed differential contributions to action
      understanding. These data further specify the role of specific components of the
      MNS in understanding object-directed actions.

PMID- 19968970
TI  - Forebrain and midbrain fiber tract formation during early development in
      Alligator embryos.
AB  - The relationship between fiber tract formation and transverse and longitudinal
      borders of the diencephalon was investigated in Alligator embryos beginning when
      this structure was a single unit and continuing until internal subgroups were
      present within individual segments. At all stages of development, distinct
      bundles of fibers were not restricted to borders between morphological segments
      nor were they located at the alar/basal plate boundary. With the exception of a
      few fine fibers that occupied only a part of certain inter-diencephalic
      boundaries, fiber tracts were present within the parenchyma of respective
      subdivisions. In the process of this analysis, fiber tract formation was also
      documented in the telencephalon, secondary prosencephalon, and midbrain during
      this period of early development. Fiber tracts were classified into three groups
      based on orientation: transverse; longitudinal; and commissural. At early stages
      of development, similarities between Alligator and other species suggest that
      these bundles represent a primary scaffold for all vertebrates with two
      exceptions. One was the presence of the descending tract of the mesencephalic
      trigeminal nucleus in Alligator and other jawed animals but not in jawless
      vertebrates. The other was the absence of the dorsoventral diencephalic tract in
      Alligator which lacks a pineal gland.

PMID- 19968971
TI  - Changes in pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzyme levels during cerebral
      hypoperfusion in rats.
AB  - Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a mild ischemic condition associated with a
      cognitive decline which is prevalent during senescence or Alzheimer's disease.
      Its experimental animal model compromises permanent occlusion of the common
      carotid arteries (2VO) in rats, which results in neuronal damage and microglia
      activation. Various mechanisms, including oxidative stress, have been proposed to
      be involved in this process. Accordingly, we set out to characterize the changes
      induced in the expressions of several pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in
      cerebral hypoperfusion. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 2VO (n=30) or sham
      operation (n=33), while a third group served as absolute control (naive, n=16).
      Tissue samples from the hippocampus and frontal cortex were taken 1 and 3 days, 1
      and 2 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months following surgery. Western blot analysis was
      applied to determine the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), endothelial,
      neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, nNOS and iNOS, respectively)
      and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). During the early phase of
      hypoperfusion, the COX-2 and eNOS enzyme levels increased in both the hippocampus
      and the frontal cortex, indicating the presence of excitotoxicity and vascular
      reactions caused by ischemia, while the expressions of nNOS, iNOS and MnSOD were
      less affected. There were significant reductions in most of the investigated
      enzyme levels 2 weeks and 3 months after 2VO induction, which may be a sign of
      neuronal loss. One year following 2VO onset, the eNOS expression was upregulated,
      which may strengthen the adaptation of the brain to cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 19968972
TI  - Effect of 835 MHz radiofrequency radiation exposure on calcium binding proteins
      in the hippocampus of the mouse brain.
AB  - Worldwide expansion of mobile phones and electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure has
      raised question of their possible biological effects on the brain and nervous
      system. Radiofrequency (RF) radiation might alter intracellular signaling
      pathways through changes in calcium (Ca(2+)) permeability across cell membranes.
      Changes in the expression of calcium binding proteins (CaBP) like calbindin D28-k
      (CB) and calretinin (CR) could indicate impaired Ca(2+)homeostasis due to EMF
      exposure. CB and CR expression were measured with immunohistochemistry in the
      hippocampus of mice after EMF exposure at 835 MHz for different exposure times
      and absorption rates, 1 h/day for 5 days at a specific absorption rate (SAR)=1.6
      W/kg, 1 h/day for 5 days at SAR=4.0 W/kg, 5 h/day for 1 day at SAR=1.6 W/kg, 5
      h/day for 1 day at SAR=4.0 W/kg, daily exposure for 1 month at SAR=1.6 W/kg. Body
      weights did not change significantly. CB immunoreactivity (IR) displayed moderate
      staining of cells in the cornu ammonis (CA) areas and prominently stained granule
      cells. CR IR revealed prominently stained pyramidal cells with dendrites running
      perpendicularly in the CA area. Exposure for 1 month produced almost complete
      loss of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area. CaBP differences could cause changes in
      cellular Ca(2+)levels, which could have deleterious effect on normal hippocampal
      functions concerned with neuronal connectivity and integration.

PMID- 19968973
TI  - Cholinergic agonist physostigmine suppresses excessive superoxide anion radical
      generation in blood, oxidative stress, early inflammation, and endothelial injury
      in rats with forebrain ischemia/reperfusion.
AB  - The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is reportedly important in modulating
      the inflammatory response in local and systemic diseases, including
      ischemia/reperfusion pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated the effects
      of the cholinergic agonist, physostigmine, on jugular venous superoxide radical
      (O(2)(-)) generation, oxidative stress, early inflammation, and endothelial
      activation during forebrain ischemia/reperfusion (FBI/R) in rats. Fourteen male
      Wistar rat were allocated to the control group (n=7) or physostigmine group
      (n=7). The physostigmine group received 80 ng/g physostigmine intraperitoneally
      24 h and 1 h before forebrain ischemia was established. The jugular venous O(2)(
      ) current was measured for 10 min during forebrain ischemia and for 120 min after
      reperfusion. The O(2)(-) current increased gradually during forebrain ischemia in
      both groups. The current increased markedly immediately after reperfusion in the
      control group but was significantly attenuated in the physostigmine group after
      reperfusion. Brain and plasma malondialdehyde, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)
      protein, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) were significantly
      attenuated in the physostigmine group compared with the control group, except for
      brain HMGB1. The amount of O(2)(-) generated during FBI/R correlated with
      malondialdehyde, HMGB1, and ICAM1 in both the brain and plasma. In conclusion,
      the cholinergic agonist physostigmine suppressed jugular venous O(2)(-)
      generation, oxidative stress, early inflammation, and endothelial activation in
      the brain and plasma in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
      Therefore, the suppression of O(2)(-) is a key mechanism of the cholinergic anti
      inflammatory pathway in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

PMID- 19968974
TI  - A neuroprotective exercise protocol reduces the adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in
      hippocampal synaptosomes and serum of rats.
AB  - Regular and moderate exercise has been considered as an interesting
      neuroprotective strategy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which physical
      exercise alters brain function are unclear. Purinergic signaling seems to
      modulate the pathophysiology of ischemic neuronal damage, since it has been
      described a neuroprotective activity of adenosine and a dual role of ATP. In the
      present study, we investigated the effect of daily moderate intensity exercise on
      ectonucleotidase activities in synaptosomes from hippocampus and the soluble
      nucleotidases from blood serum of rats. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to
      non-exercised (sedentary) group and exercised during 20-min sessions on different
      programs. The effects of physical activity on hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP were
      assayed in the synaptosomal fraction obtained from the hippocampus and serum
      approximately 16 h after the last training session. Our data demonstrated that a
      neuroprotective exercise protocol, daily 20 min of training in treadmill during 2
      weeks, diminished significantly the ADP hydrolysis and there is a trend to reduce
      the ATP hydrolysis in both hippocampal synaptosomes and blood serum of rats. We
      suggest that the neuroprotective exercise protocol may modulate nucleotidase
      activities.

PMID- 19968975
TI  - Judgments of learning do not reduce to memory encoding operations: event-related
      potential evidence for distinct metacognitive processes.
AB  - To examine how judgments of learning (JOLs) are made, we used event-related
      potentials (ERPs) to compare neural correlates of JOLs and successful memory
      encoding. Participants saw word pairs, and for each made a JOL indicating how
      confident they were that they would remember the pairing on a later cued recall
      task. ERPs were recorded while JOLs were made and were separated according to
      whether items were: (i) remembered or forgotten on the subsequent test, and (ii)
      rated likely or unlikely to be remembered. An early positive-going ERP effect was
      associated with both of these comparisons, whereas a later negative-going effect
      was present only in the separation based upon JOL ratings. ERP data therefore
      indicate that JOLs do not reduce to encoding processes that predict the accuracy
      of memory judgments.

PMID- 19968976
TI  - Effect of sodium ferulate on the hyperalgesia mediated by P2X3 receptor in the
      neuropathic pain rats.
AB  - Neuropathic pain is usually persistent and there is no effective treatment.
      Activation of P2X(3) receptor subtype in primary sensory neurons is involved in
      neuropathic pain. Sodium ferulate (SF) is an active principle from Chinese herbal
      medicine and has anti-inflammatory activities. This study observed the effects of
      SF on the hyperalgesia mediated by P2X(3) receptor of rats after chronic
      constriction injury (CCI). Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal
      withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured and the expression of P2X(3) receptor
      immunoreactivity and protein in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was analyzed
      by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In CCI rats treated with SF, the
      MWT and TWL were increased compared with CCI rats treated with normal saline. The
      expression of P2X(3) receptor in DRG neurons was increased after CCI. In CCI rats
      treated with SF, the up-regulated expression of P2X(3) receptor in DRG neurons
      was reduced. SF may reduce the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in CCI rat
      model by decreasing the pain transmitted by primary afferant neurons mediated by
      P2X(3) receptor during the chronic neuropathic pain injury.

PMID- 19968977
TI  - Moderate exercise delays the motor performance decline in a transgenic model of
      ALS.
AB  - The relationship between exercise and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a
      neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron loss, rapidly
      progressive weakness and early death has been controversial. We studied the
      effect of a high (HEX) and moderate-level exercise (MEX) on body weight, motor
      performance and motor neuron counts in the ventral horn of spinal cords in a
      transgenic mouse model of ALS (G93A-SOD1) that overexpresses a mutated form of
      the human SOD1 gene that is a cause of familial ALS. These transgenic mice show
      several similarities to the human disease, including rapid progressive motor
      weakness from 100 days of age and premature death at around 135 days of age. Mice
      were exposed to high or mid-level exercise of left sedentary (SED). At 70, 95 and
      120 days of age, spinal cords were processed following euthanasia. Motor neurons
      larger than 15 mum in diameter were counted with a design-based stereological
      protocol using an optical fractionator probe in the ventral horn of different
      regions of the cord and compared to wild-type littermates. Moderate exercise
      delayed the onset of motor deficit by over a week. High exercise slightly but
      significantly hastened the onset of motor performance deficits. Motor neuron
      density in the lumbar cord was significantly higher in MEX group compared to SED
      at 95 days of age. These results show the beneficial effects of moderate exercise
      on the preservation of motor performance that correlates with higher motor neuron
      density in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord in G93A mice.

PMID- 19968978
TI  - Vagal visceral inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract: involvement in a
      parasympathetic reflex vasodilator pathway in the rat masseter muscle.
AB  - The present study examined whether vagal visceral inputs are involved in
      parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in the masseter muscle in urethane
      anesthetized and cervically sympathectomized rats. Electrical stimulation of the
      central cut end of the cervical vagus nerve (VN) including visceral afferent
      fibers, which consisted of cervical/thoracic branches (heart and lungs) and
      abdominal branches (entire gastrointestinal tract), elicited intensity- and
      frequency-dependent increases of blood flow in the masseter muscle (MBF).
      Activation of the abdominal VN inferior to the diaphragm failed to affect the
      MBF. MBF increases evoked by cervical VN stimulation were reduced significantly
      by hexamethonium. Pretreatment with atropine reduced the MBF increase evoked by
      VN stimulation significantly, whereas pretreatment with either propranolol or
      phentolamine had no effect on the response. MBF increases occurred with
      electrical stimulation of nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and these
      increases were significantly reduced by the administration of hexamethonium and
      atropine. MBF increases also occurred after microinjection of glutamate into the
      NTS in a dose-dependent manner. Microinjection of muscimol into the NTS caused a
      significant attenuation of the VN stimulation-induced MBF increases. Our results
      suggest that vagal visceral inputs passing to the NTS are involved in the
      parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in the rat masseter muscle. The MBF
      increase evoked by the vagal-parasympathetic reflex mechanism occurred via
      visceral afferents running in the cervical VN, but not in the abdominal VN,
      suggesting that the vagal visceral afferents derived from cardiovascular and/or
      respiratory systems may play an important role in the regulation of the MBF.

PMID- 19968979
TI  - Alpha-fetoprotein gene polymorphisms and risk of HCC and cirrhosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Elevated level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is found in approximately
      60% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. Other liver diseases including
      cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis are related with an increased level of AFP. The
      regulation of AFP gene expression has been relatively less studied although the
      gene has been suggested to play a role in HCC development. This study aimed at
      identifying genetic variations in AFP that might be associated with the presence
      of HCC and cirrhosis among ethnic Indonesians. METHODS: Direct DNA sequencing was
      carried out to sequence AFP promoter, exons, and 3' untranslated region (UTR) in
      DNA samples isolated from 119 HCC, 119 cirrhosis and 105 control subjects. For
      each sample serum AFP level was determined and association studies with single
      nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes were performed. RESULTS: In this
      study we identified 47 SNPs in the AFP gene. Statistically significant
      associations with HCC and cirrhosis were detected for six individual SNPs in the
      AFP promoter, AFP intron 1 and intron 2 (rs6834059, rs3796678, rs3796677,
      rs3796676, rs28532518 and rs4646038). Furthermore, we identified two SNPs in AFP
      intron 7 and 3'UTR, rs2298839 and rs10020432, which are associated with increased
      risk of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: Genetic variants in the AFP gene may be associated
      with HCC and cirrhosis risk for ethnic Indonesians.

PMID- 19968980
TI  - Intense correlation between protein-conjugated acrolein and primary Sjogren's
      syndrome.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We recently found that an increased plasma concentration of protein
      conjugated acrolein is a good biomarker for stroke. Therefore we determine
      whether the concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein is increased in saliva
      from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. METHODS: Stimulated whole-mixed
      saliva was collected from 10 patients and 13 control subjects. The concentration
      of protein-conjugated acrolein in saliva and plasma was measured by either
      Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The concentration
      of protein-conjugated acrolein, especially albumin-conjugated acrolein, was
      greatly increased in saliva from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome
      (p<0.001). The concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein was inversely
      correlated with the flow rate of saliva. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that
      the concentration of protein-conjugated acrolein, a marker of cell or tissue
      damage, in saliva is well correlated with seriousness of primary Sjogren's
      syndrome.

PMID- 19968981
TI  - Cutoff values of midnight salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of overt
      hypercortisolism are highly influenced by methods.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Midnight salivary cortisol (MSC) concentration has been considered as
      a sensitive marker of overt hypercortisolism. Because no studies on commercially
      available automated, non-isotopic MSC assays have been reported, we determined
      and compared the diagnostic performance of an automated electrochemiluminescent
      immunoassay (ECLIA, Elecsys E170) and an in-house radioimmunoassay (RIA) for MSC
      measurement. METHODS: The study involved 126 consecutive patients referred for
      evaluation because of symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, obesity, or the presence of
      incidentally discovered adrenal adenoma. Using detailed clinical, hormonal and
      radiological evaluation overt endogenous hypercortisolism was confirmed in 9
      patients and was excluded in 117 patients. RESULTS: ROC analysis indicated that
      the best performance of MSC was obtained at cutoff value of 0.35 microg/dl using
      ECLIA (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 88%) and 0.29 microg/dl (sensitivity,
      100%; specificity, 71%) using RIA. When the findings were compared to those
      obtained from low dose dexamethasone test, both ECLIA and RIA of MSC showed a
      better diagnostic performance. CONCLUSION: MSC measurement is useful for the
      diagnosis of overt hypercortisolism but the cutoff value is highly dependent on
      the method used. We recommend the use of automated ECLIA for MSC assay, and we
      propose further studies on other automated immunoassay analyzers potentially
      suitable for MSC measurements.

PMID- 19968982
TI  - Association between ischemia modified albumin, inflammation and hyperglycemia in
      type 2 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was assess serum ischemia modified albumin
      (IMA) in type 2 diabetes patients and determine its correlation with other risk
      factors for chronic complications such as inflammation and hyperglycemia. DESIGN
      AND METHODS: Fasting glucose, glycated albumin, total cholesterol, HDL
      cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, uric acid, albumin,
      lactic acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and IMA were measured
      in 80 patients with type 2 diabetes and 26 controls. RESULTS: Fasting glucose,
      glycated albumin, triglycerides, creatinine, IMA and hs-CRP were significantly
      higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. Correlations were weak but significant
      between IMA and fasting glucose, IMA and hs-CRP, hs-CRP and HDL cholesterol and
      hs-CRP and fasting glucose were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown higher
      levels of IMA and hs-CRP in type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia and inflammation
      reduces the capacity of albumin to bind cobalt, resulting in higher IMA levels.

PMID- 19968983
TI  - Reference values for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in fetal
      circulation between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the range of fetal NT-proBNP values in normal
      pregnancy between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation. METHOD: NT-proBNP was measured in
      56 fetal blood samples. RESULTS: Mean (+ or - 2 SD) NT-proBNP concentration was
      1998 (242-3754) ng/L; a significant decline occurred with advancing gestational
      age (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age has to be taken in to consideration
      in the assessment of NT-proBNP. Our data may be used as reference values in fetal
      and neonatal medicine.

PMID- 19968984
TI  - Secreted frizzled-related protein disrupts PCP in eye lens fiber cells that have
      polarised primary cilia.
AB  - Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling polarises cells along tissue axes. Although
      pathways involved are becoming better understood, outstanding issues include; (i)
      existence/identity of cues that orchestrate global polarisation in tissues, and
      (ii) the generality of the link between polarisation of primary cilia and
      asymmetric localisation of PCP proteins. Mammalian lenses are mainly comprised of
      epithelial-derived fiber cells. Concentrically arranged fibers are precisely
      aligned as they elongate along the anterior-posterior axis and orientate towards
      lens poles where they meet fibers from other segments to form characteristic
      sutures. We show that lens exhibits PCP, with each fiber cell having an apically
      situated cilium and in most cases this is polarised towards the anterior pole.
      Frizzled and other PCP proteins are also asymmetrically localised along the
      equatorial-anterior axis. Mutations in core PCP genes Van Gogh-like 2 and Celsr1
      perturb oriented fiber alignment and suture formation. Suppression of the PCP
      pathway by overexpressing Sfrp2 shows that whilst local groups of fibers are
      often similarly oriented, they lack global orientation; consequently when local
      groups of fibers with different orientations meet they form multiple, small,
      ectopic suture-like configurations. This indicates that this extracellular
      inhibitor disrupts a global polarising signal that utilises a PCP-mediated
      mechanism to coordinate the global alignment and orientation of fibers to lens
      poles.

PMID- 19968986
TI  - Mcl-1(128-350) fragment induces apoptosis through direct interaction with Bax.
AB  - Mcl-1 full-length (Mcl-1(1-350)), a tightly regulated protein, plays an important
      role in protecting cells against apoptosis. Cleavage of Mcl-1 at Asp127 by
      caspase (Mcl-1(C1)) contributes to the regulation of Mcl-1 expression, but its
      pro-apoptotic function remains controversial. Here, we reported that Mcl-1(128
      350) expression induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. We demonstrated that Mcl
      1(128-350) but not Mcl-1(1-350) interacts with Bax. This interaction required an
      intact BH3 Mcl-1(128-350) domain and leads to Bax activation and translocation to
      mitochondria. The silencing of Bax, but not of Bak, prevented Mcl-1(128-350)
      induced apoptosis. In conclusion, Mcl-1(128-350) exerts a pro-apoptotic function
      governed by its capacity to interact with Bax.

PMID- 19968985
TI  - Fgf8b-containing spliceforms, but not Fgf8a, are essential for Fgf8 function
      during development of the midbrain and cerebellum.
AB  - The single Fgf8 gene in mice produces eight protein isoforms (Fgf8a-h) with
      different N-termini by alternative splicing. Gain-of-function studies have
      demonstrated that Fgf8a and Fgf8b have distinct activities in the developing
      midbrain and hindbrain (MHB) due to their different binding affinities with FGF
      receptors. Here we have performed loss-of-function analyses to determine the in
      vivo requirement for these two Fgf8 spliceforms during MHB development. We showed
      that deletion of Fgf8b-containing spliceforms (b, d, f and h) leads to loss of
      multiple key regulatory genes, including Fgf8 itself, in the MHB region.
      Therefore, specific inactivation of Fgf8b-containing spliceforms, similar to the
      loss of Fgf8, in MHB progenitors results in deletion of the midbrain, isthmus,
      and cerebellum. We also created a splice-site mutation abolishing Fgf8a
      containing spliceforms (a, c, e, and g). Mice lacking Fgf8a-containing
      spliceforms exhibit growth retardation and postnatal lethality, and the phenotype
      is variable in different genetic backgrounds, suggesting that the Fgf8a
      containing spliceforms may play a role in modulating the activity of Fgf8.
      Surprisingly, no discernable defect was detected in the midbrain and cerebellum
      of Fgf8a-deficient mice. To determine if Fgf17, which is expressed in the MHB
      region and possesses similar activities to Fgf8a based on gain-of-function
      studies, may compensate for the loss of Fgf8a, we generated Fgf17 and Fgf8a
      double mutant mice. Mice lacking both Fgf8a-containing spliceforms and Fgf17
      display the same defect in the posterior midbrain and anterior cerebellum as
      Fgf17 mutant mice. Therefore, Fgf8b-containing spliceforms, but not Fgf8a, are
      essential for the function of Fgf8 during the development of the midbrain and
      cerebellum.

PMID- 19968987
TI  - GLUT4 molecules are recruited at random for insertion within the plasma membrane
      upon insulin stimulation.
AB  - Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is efficiently retained intracellularly. Here, we
      investigated the insulin-induced reduction of retention. While increasing insulin
      concentrations led to gradual increases in both the amount of recycling GLUT4
      molecules and cell surface GLUT4 levels, the kinetics of the increase in time was
      independent of insulin concentration. To determine whether there are GLUT4
      subpools that have a distinct insulin sensitivity, adipocytes were consecutively
      stimulated twice with a low concentration of insulin while recycling GLUT4
      molecules were continuously labeled. This revealed that not the same pool of
      GLUT4 molecules was mobilized twice and thus that upon insulin stimulation, GLUT4
      is likely to be recruited at random for insertion within the plasma membrane.

PMID- 19968988
TI  - Myosin 1G (Myo1G) is a haematopoietic specific myosin that localises to the
      plasma membrane and regulates cell elasticity.
AB  - Immune cells navigate through different environments where they experience
      different mechanical forces. Responses to external forces are determined by the
      mechanical properties of a cell and they depend to a large extent on the actin
      rich cell cortex. We report here that Myo1G, a previously uncharacterised member
      of class I myosins, is expressed specifically in haematopoietic tissues and
      cells. It is associated with the plasma membrane. This association is dependent
      on a conserved PH-domain-like myosin I tail homology motif and the head domain.
      However, the head domain does not need to be a functional motor. Knockdown of
      Myo1G in Jurkat cells decreased cell elasticity significantly. We propose that
      Myo1G regulates cell elasticity by deformations of the actin network at the cell
      cortex.

PMID- 19968989
TI  - Carbohydrate esterases of family 2 are 6-O-deacetylases.
AB  - Three acetyl esterases (AcEs) from the saprophytic bacteria Cellvibrio japonicus
      and Clostridium thermocellum, members of the carbohydrate esterase (CE) family 2,
      were tested for their activity against a series of model substrates including
      partially acetylated gluco-, manno- and xylopyranosides. All three enzymes showed
      a strong preference for deacetylation of the 6-position in aldohexoses. This
      regioselectivity is different from that of typical acetylxylan esterases (AcXEs).
      In aqueous medium saturated with vinyl acetate, the CE-2 enzymes catalyzed
      transacetylation to the same position, i.e., to the primary hydroxyl group of
      mono- and disaccharides. Xylose and xylooligosaccharides did not serve as acetyl
      group acceptors, therefore the CE-2 enzymes appear to be 6-O-deacetylases.

PMID- 19968990
TI  - The carbon and energy sources of the non-photosynthetic plastid in the malaria
      parasite.
AB  - The malaria parasite harbours an indispensable plastid known as the 'apicoplast'.
      The apicoplast's exact role remains uncertain, but it houses components involved
      in fatty acid, isoprenoid and haem biosyntheses. These pathways offer
      opportunities to develop anti-malarials. In the absence of photosynthesis, how
      apicoplast anabolism is fuelled is unclear. Here we investigated plant-like
      transporters of the apicoplast and measured their substrate preferences using a
      novel cell-free assay system to explore the carbon and energy sources of the
      apicoplast. The transporters exchange triose phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate
      for inorganic phosphate, demonstrating that the apicoplast taps into host-derived
      glucose to fuel its metabolism.

PMID- 19968991
TI  - Brainstem reticulospinal neurons are targets for corticotropin-releasing factor
      Induced locomotion in roughskin newts.
AB  - Stress-induced release or central administration of corticotropin-releasing
      factor (CRF) enhances locomotion in a wide range of vertebrates, including the
      roughskin newt, Taricha granulosa. Although CRF's stimulatory actions on
      locomotor behavior are well established, the target neurons through which CRF
      exerts this effect remain unknown. To identify these target neurons, we utilized
      a fluorescent conjugate of CRF (CRF-TAMRA 1) to track this peptide's
      internalization into reticulospinal and other neurons in the medullary reticular
      formation (MRF), a region critically involved in regulating locomotion.
      Epifluorescent and confocal microscopy revealed that CRF-TAMRA 1 was internalized
      by diverse MRF neurons, including reticulospinal neurons retrogradely labeled
      with Cascade Blue dextran. In addition, we immunohistochemically identified a
      distinct subset of serotonin-containing neurons, located throughout the medullary
      raphe, that also internalized the fluorescent CRF-TAMRA 1 conjugate. Chronic
      single-unit recordings obtained from microwire electrodes in behaving newts
      revealed that intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of CRF-TAMRA 1
      increased medullary neuronal firing and that appearance of this firing was
      associated with, and strongly predictive of, episodes of CRF-induced locomotion.
      Furthermore, icv administered CRF-TAMRA 1 produced behavioral and
      neurophysiological effects identical to equimolar doses of unlabeled CRF.
      Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that CRF directly targets
      reticulospinal and serotonergic neurons in the MRF and indicate that CRF may
      enhance locomotion via direct effects on the hindbrain, including the
      reticulospinal system.

PMID- 19968993
TI  - Investigations into human serum sensitivity expressed by stocks of Trypanosoma
      brucei evansi.
AB  - Trypanosoma brucei evansi, a widely distributed species of trypanosome infecting
      different livestock species in many countries in Africa, Asia and South America,
      has recently been reported as a pathogen causing a case of human trypanosomiasis
      in India. To date, there is little information regarding the natural resistance
      of animal-infective stocks of T. b. evansi to normal human serum (NHS). In this
      study, we investigated the degree of sensitivity to NHS of 15 stocks of T. b.
      evansi from different geographical origins and found that 10 of the stocks were
      completely susceptible to the action of NHS; parasites disappeared from the blood
      of infected mice within a few hours and the mice remained free from infection for
      more than 1 month. The remaining five stocks were partially resistant to NHS;
      although parasites initially disappeared from the circulation more than 50% of
      the mice showed relapse infection 10-18 days later. Studies on one stock, T. b.
      evansi STIB 810, showed that the changes in parasitaemia in the infected mice
      were correlated with the amount of NHS inoculated (correlation factor -0.584 and
      P=0.001). When this stock was passaged 25 times in mice in the presence of NHS it
      was found that the trypanosomes' serum resistance increased compared with the
      parent stock from which they were derived; 40% of the passaged parasites survived
      after in vitro incubation with 50% NHS for 7h, while only 1% of individual
      trypanosomes of the parent stock survived under the same conditions. These
      findings show, to our knowledge for the first time, that human serum sensitivity
      varies amongst stocks of T. b. evansi, that some of them naturally display
      resistance to NHS and that, furthermore, T. b. evansi serum resistance can be
      increased by sub-passage in the presence of NHS.

PMID- 19968992
TI  - Characterisation of the protective immune response following subcutaneous
      vaccination of susceptible mice against Trichuris muris.
AB  - Trichuris muris is a laboratory model for the human whipworm Trichuris trichiura
      which infects approximately 1 billion people in tropical and sub-tropical
      countries. The development of a vaccine would control trichuriasis by promoting
      the acquisition of immunity during childhood, thereby reducing faecal egg output
      by the community into their environment. Resistance to T. muris, defined as
      expulsion of the parasite prior to patency, requires the development of a T
      helper 2 (Th2) response during a primary infection. To our knowledge this is the
      first study to describe the protective immune response in the peripheral lymph
      nodes (PLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and colonic mucosa following s.c.
      vaccination against T. muris. Susceptible AKR mice were either vaccinated with T.
      muris excretory-secretory product (ES) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA)
      (ES/IFA) or injected with PBS in IFA (PBS/IFA) and for protection experiments
      were infected with embryonated infective T. muris eggs 10 days later. The ES/IFA
      vaccine induced the proliferation of PLN cells and their production of Th2
      cytokines and the Th1-associated cytokine IFN-gamma. Following a challenge
      infection, the ES/IFA vaccination offered susceptible mice complete protection.
      While MLN-derived IFN-gamma was produced by infected mice following either ES/IFA
      vaccination or PBS/IFA, the protection of susceptible mice by ES/IFA was
      characterised by the production of MLN-derived Th2 cytokines. Goblet cell
      hyperplasia and the influx and alternative activation of macrophages were
      observed locally in the gut post-challenge infection. The rate of epithelial
      turnover did not appear to be increased by vaccination, suggesting that there are
      differences in the mechanisms of expulsion between 'natural resistance' and
      'vaccinated resistance'. High levels of serum IgG1 and cell-bound IgG1 in the
      colon of mice protected by the ES/IFA vaccine suggest that antibody may be
      involved in vaccination-induced worm expulsion.

PMID- 19968994
TI  - Evolution of the haem synthetic pathway in kinetoplastid flagellates: an
      essential pathway that is not essential after all?
AB  - For a vast majority of living organisms, haem is an essential compound that is
      synthesised through a conserved biosynthetic pathway. However, certain organisms
      are haem auxotrophs and need to obtain this molecule from exogenous sources.
      Kinetoplastid flagellates represent an interesting group of species, as some of
      them lost the complete pathway while others possess only the last three
      biosynthetic steps. We decided to supplement a current view on the phylogeny of
      these important pathogens with the expected state of haem synthesis in
      representative species. We propose a scenario in which the ancestor of all
      trypanosomatids was completely deficient of the synthesis of haem. In
      trypanosomatids other than members of the genus Trypanosoma, the pathway was
      partially rescued by genes encoding enzymes for the last three steps, supposedly
      obtained by horizontal transfer from a gamma-proteobacterium. This event preceded
      the diversification of the non-Trypanosoma trypanosomatids. Later, some
      flagellates acquired a beta-proteobacterial endosymbiont which supplied them with
      haem precursors. On the other hand, the medically important trypanosomes have
      remained fully deficient of haem synthesis and obtain this compound from the
      host.

PMID- 19968995
TI  - Regulated oligomerisation and molecular interactions of the early gametocyte
      protein Pfg27 in Plasmodium falciparum sexual differentiation.
AB  - Gametocytes of the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum ensure malaria parasite
      transmission from humans to the insect vectors. In their development, they
      produce the abundant specific protein Pfg27, the function and in vivo molecular
      interactions of which are unknown. Here we reveal a previously unreported
      localisation of Pfg27 in the gametocyte nucleus by immunoelectron microscopy and
      studies with HaloTag and Green Fluorescent Protein fusions, and identify a
      network of interactions established by the protein during gametocyte development.
      We report the ability of endogenous Pfg27 to form oligomeric complexes that are
      affected by phosphorylation of the protein, possibly through the identified
      phosphorylation sites, Ser32 and Thr208. We show that Pfg27 binds RNA molecules
      through specific residues and that the protein interacts with parasite RNA
      binding proteins such as EF1alpha and PfH45. We propose a structural model for
      Pfg27 oligomerisation, based on the sequence and structural conservation here
      recognised between Pfg27 and sterile alpha motif. This study provides a molecular
      basis for Pfg27 to establish an interaction network with RNA and RNA-binding
      proteins and to govern its dynamic oligomerisation in developing gametocytes.

PMID- 19968996
TI  - Classical CD11c+ dendritic cells, not plasmacytoid dendritic cells, induce T cell
      responses to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria.
AB  - Dendritic cells play an important role in the development of immune responses in
      malaria, but the contribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) to CD4 T cell
      activation and immunopathology is unknown. We have investigated pDC in a
      Plasmodium chabaudi infection in mice. During infection, pDC increased in number
      and transiently up-regulated expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex class
      II and co-stimulatory molecules. However, in contrast to classical CD11c(high)
      DC, pDC could not phagocytose parasites or process parasite proteins, to activate
      CD4 T cells. Activation of naive pDC, but not CD11c(high) DC, by infected red
      blood cells induced IFN alpha in vitro, which was dependent on the Toll-like
      receptor, TLR9. However, inactivation of TLR9 in knock-out mice had no effect on
      a P. chabaudi infection suggesting that TLR9 was not crucial for parasite
      elimination or pathology. Neither pDC nor IFN alpha beta were essential for
      parasite clearance as mice depleted of pDC or IFN alpha beta Receptor-knock-out
      mice could control infection. However, these mice lost significantly more weight
      than untreated or wild-type mice. We conclude that classical DC are the major
      antigen-presenting cells for CD4 T cells in this infection, but that pDC and IFN
      alpha beta may play minor roles in controlling the magnitude of acute stage
      pathology.

PMID- 19968997
TI  - Longistatin, a novel EF-hand protein from the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis
      longicornis, is required for acquisition of host blood-meals.
AB  - Calcium and the EF-hand Ca(++)-binding proteins have been undisputedly recognised
      as the key players in almost all aspect of cell functions, starting from the
      cell's birth, during mitosis to its end with apoptosis. But in a few exceptional
      cases the EF-hand proteins are secreted from the cells and play their crucial
      roles extracellularly. Here, to our knowledge for the first time, we have
      identified and characterised an EF-hand Ca(++)-binding protein from the salivary
      glands of the ixodid tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, herein called longistatin.
      Longistatin possesses two EF-hand domains which conserve canonical structure and
      bind with Ca(++). Both the recombinant and endogenous proteins were stained with
      Rutheninum red. Reverse-transcription PCR data showed that longistatin-specific
      transcript was expressed in all life-cycle stages of H. longicornis and was up
      regulated only in blood-fed ticks. Organ-specific transcription analysis revealed
      a salivary gland-specific expression of the gene which peaked at 96-120 h of
      feeding when ticks acquired full blood-meals and become engorged but its
      expression declined sharply as they detached and dropped off the host.
      Consistently, endogenous protein was localised in the salivary glands of adult
      ticks and in the lumen of the functional acini of the salivary glands.
      Furthermore, longistatin was detected in feeding lesions at the site of
      attachment of ticks on the host. These results suggest that longistatin is
      synthesised in, and is secreted from, the salivary glands and may have functional
      roles in the feeding process of ixodid ticks.

PMID- 19968998
TI  - Myocardial infarction induces embryonic reprogramming of epicardial c-kit(+)
      cells: role of the pericardial fluid.
AB  - Stem cells expressing c-kit have been identified in the adult epicardium. In
      mice, after myocardial infarction, these cells proliferate, migrate to the injury
      site and differentiate toward myocardial and vascular phenotype. We hypothesized
      that, acutely after myocardial infarction, pericardial sac integrity and
      pericardial fluid (PF) may play a role on epicardial cell gene expression,
      proliferation and differentiation. Microarray analysis indicated that, in the
      presence of an intact pericardial sac, myocardial infarction modulated 246 genes
      in epicardial cells most of which were related to cell proliferation,
      cytoskeletal organization, wound repair and signal transduction. Interestingly,
      WT1, Tbx18 and RALDH2, notably involved in epicardial embryonic development, were
      markedly up-regulated. Importantly, coexpression of stem cell antigen c-kit and
      WT1 and/or Tbx18 was detected by immunohistochemistry in the mouse epicardium
      during embryogenesis as well as in adult mouse infarcted heart. Injection of
      human pericardial fluid from patients with acute myocardial ischemia (PFMI) in
      the pericardial cavity of non-infarcted mouse hearts, enhanced, epicardial cell
      proliferation and WT1 expression. Further, PFMI supplementation to hypoxic
      cultured human epicardial c-kit(+) cells increased WT1 and Tbx18 mRNA expression.
      Finally, insulin-like growth factor 1, hepatocyte growth factor and high mobility
      group box 1 protein, previously involved in cardiac c-kit(+) cell proliferation
      and differentiation, were increased in PFMI compared to the pericardial fluid of
      non ischemic patients. In conclusion, myocardial infarction reactivates an
      embryonic program in epicardial c-kit(+) cells; soluble factors released in the
      pericardial fluids following myocardial necrosis may play a role in this process.

PMID- 19968999
TI  - Single-molecule study of DNA polymerization activity of HIV-1 reverse
      transcriptase on DNA templates.
AB  - HIV-1 RT (human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase) is a
      multifunctional polymerase responsible for reverse transcription of the HIV
      genome, including DNA replication on both RNA and DNA templates. During reverse
      transcription in vivo, HIV-1 RT replicates through various secondary structures
      on RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templates without the need for a nucleic
      acid unwinding protein, such as a helicase. In order to understand the mechanism
      of polymerization through secondary structures, we investigated the DNA
      polymerization activity of HIV-1 RT on long ssDNA templates using a multiplexed
      single-molecule DNA flow-stretching assay. We observed that HIV-1 RT performs
      fast primer extension DNA synthesis on single-stranded regions of DNA (18.7 nt/s)
      and switches its activity to slow strand displacement synthesis at DNA hairpin
      locations (2.3 nt/s). Furthermore, we found that the rate of strand displacement
      synthesis is dependent on the GC content in hairpin stems and template stretching
      force. This indicates that the strand displacement synthesis occurs through a
      mechanism that is neither completely active nor passive: that is, the opening of
      the DNA hairpin is driven by a combination of free energy released during dNTP
      (deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate) hydrolysis and thermal fraying of base pairs.
      Our experimental observations provide new insight into the interchanging modes of
      DNA replication by HIV-1 RT on long ssDNA templates.

PMID- 19969000
TI  - Effect of N2-guanyl modifications on early steps in catalysis of polymerization
      by Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase Dpo4 T239W.
AB  - Translesion DNA polymerases are more efficient at bypass of many DNA adducts than
      replicative polymerases. Previous work with the translesion polymerase Sulfolobus
      solfataricus Dpo4 showed a decrease in catalytic efficiency during bypass of
      bulky N(2)-alkyl guanine (G) adducts with N(2)-isobutylG showing the largest
      effect, decreasing approximately 120-fold relative to unmodified deoxyguanosine
      (Zhang, H., Eoff, R. L., Egli, M., Guengerich, F. P. Versatility of Y-family
      Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase Dpo4 in translation synthesis past bulky
      N(2)-alkylguanine adducts. J. Biol. Chem. 2009; 284: 3563-3576). The effect of
      adduct size on individual catalytic steps has not been easy to decipher because
      of the difficulty of distinguishing early noncovalent steps from phosphodiester
      bond formation. We developed a mutant with a single Trp (T239W) to monitor
      fluorescence changes associated with a conformational change that occurs after
      binding a correct 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (Beckman, J. W., Wang, Q.,
      Guengerich, F. P. Kinetic analysis of nucleotide insertion by a Y-family DNA
      polymerase reveals conformational change both prior to and following
      phosphodiester bond formation as detected by tryptophan fluorescence. J. Biol.
      Chem. 2008; 283: 36711-36723) and, in the present work, utilized this approach to
      monitor insertion opposite N(2)-alkylG-modified oligonucleotides. We estimated
      maximal rates for the forward conformational step, which coupled with measured
      rates of product formation yielded rate constants for the conformational step
      (both directions) during insertion opposite several N(2)-alkylG adducts. With the
      smaller N(2)-alkylG adducts, the conformational rate constants were not changed
      dramatically (<3-fold), indicating that the more sensitive steps are
      phosphodiester bond formation and partitioning into inactive complexes. With the
      larger adducts (>or=(2-naphthyl)methyl), the absence of fluorescence changes
      suggests impaired ability to undergo an appropriate conformational change,
      consistent with previous structural work.

PMID- 19969001
TI  - DNA heats up: energetics of genome ejection from phage revealed by isothermal
      titration calorimetry.
AB  - Most bacteriophages are known to inject their double-stranded DNA into bacteria
      upon receptor binding in an essentially spontaneous way. This downhill
      thermodynamic process from the intact virion to the empty viral capsid plus
      released DNA is made possible by the energy stored during active packaging of the
      genome into the capsid. Only indirect measurements of this energy have been
      available until now, using either single-molecule or osmotic suppression
      techniques. In this work, we describe for the first time the use of isothermal
      titration calorimetry to directly measure the heat released (or, equivalently,
      the enthalpy) during DNA ejection from phage lambda, triggered in solution by a
      solubilized receptor. Quantitative analyses of the results lead to the
      identification of thermodynamic determinants associated with DNA ejection. The
      values obtained were found to be consistent with those previously predicted by
      analytical models and numerical simulations. Moreover, the results confirm the
      role of DNA hydration in the energetics of genome confinement in viral capsids.

PMID- 19969002
TI  - Adapter-directed display: a modular design for shuttling display on phage
      surfaces.
AB  - A novel adapter-directed phage display system was developed with modular
      features. In this system, the target protein is expressed as a fusion protein
      consisting of adapter GR1 from the phagemid vector, while the recombinant phage
      coat protein is expressed as a fusion protein consisting of adapter GR2 in the
      helper phage vector. Surface display of the target protein is accomplished
      through specific heterodimerization of GR1 and GR2 adapters, followed by
      incorporation of the heterodimers into phage particles. A series of engineered
      helper phages were constructed to facilitate both display valency and formats,
      based on various phage coat proteins. As the target protein is independent of a
      specific phage coat protein, this modular system allows the target protein to be
      displayed on any given phage coat protein and allows various display formats from
      the same vector without the need for reengineering. Here, we demonstrate the
      shuttling display of a single-chain Fv antibody on phage surfaces between
      multivalent and monovalent formats, as well as the shuttling display of an
      antigen-binding fragment molecule on phage coat proteins pIII, pVII, and pVIII
      using the same phagemid vectors combined with different helper phage vectors.
      This adapter-directed display concept has been applied to eukaryotic yeast
      surface display and to a novel cross-species display that can shuttle between
      prokaryotic phage and eukaryotic yeast systems.

PMID- 19969004
TI  - Chk2 down-regulation by promoter hypermethylation in human bulk gliomas.
AB  - AIMS: Gliomas account for 80% of malignant brain tumors. DNA damage response and
      subsequent checkpoint control pathways could maintain the integrity of the genome
      and thus defend tumorigenesis. Four kinases, ATM, ATR, ChK1 and Chk2 are the
      damage sensors and the early effectors in DNA damage responses. Given their
      importance, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of these four genes.
      MAIN METHODS: Tissues from ten normal brains and thirty human gliomas were
      utilized for mRNA analysis via real-time PCR. Another twelve normal brain tissues
      and forty gliomas were used for confirmation. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was
      used to determine the methylation status of the Chk2 promoter. Quantitative
      chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to measure the influence of
      methylation on Sp1 binding. KEY FINDINGS: We found that the expression of ATR,
      ChK1 and Chk2 in gliomas was significantly down-regulated relative to the normal
      brain tissues. The most significant reduction of expression was of the Chk2 gene,
      whose expression was approximately 10-fold decreased in gliomas (P<0.0001). Down
      regulation of Chk2 was validated in the second real-time PCR analysis. This
      reduction in expression was partially due to promoter methylation. The Chk2
      proximal promoter recruited Sp1 for transcriptional activation. We found that
      hypermethylation of the Chk2 promoter undermined the binding of the
      transcriptional factor Sp1. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that Chk2
      methylation could be involved in glioma carcinogenesis and Chk2 expression may
      potentially be used for the diagnosis of glioma.

PMID- 19969005
TI  - Analytical evidence for scale-invariance in the shape of species abundance
      distributions.
AB  - The distribution of species abundances within an ecological community provides a
      window into ecological processes and has important applications in conservation
      biology as an indicator of disturbance. Previous work indicates that species
      abundance distributions might be independent of the scales at which they are
      measured which has implications for data interpretation. Here we formulate an
      analytically tractable model for the species abundance distribution at different
      scales and discuss the biological relevance of its assumptions. Our model shows
      that as scale increases, the shape of the species abundance distribution
      converges to a particular shape given uniquely by the Jaccard index of spatial
      species turnover and by a parameter for the spatial correlation of abundances.
      Our model indicates that the shape of the species abundance distribution is taxon
      specific but does not depend on sample area, provided this area is large. We
      conclude that the species abundance distribution may indeed serve as an indicator
      of disturbances affecting species spatial turnover and that the assumption of
      conservation of energy in ecosystems, which is part of the Maximum Entropy
      approach, should be re-evaluated.

PMID- 19969003
TI  - PCP consensus sequences of flaviviruses: correlating variance with vector
      competence and disease phenotype.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Computational methods are needed to design multivalent vaccines
      against flaviviruses (FVs) such as the West Nile virus or the dengue virus
      (DENV). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to use physicochemical property (PCP) consensus
      sequences of FV strains to delineate conserved motifs, areas of maximum
      variability, and specific loci that correlate with arthropod vector, serotype,
      and disease severity. METHODS: PCP consensus sequences for 27 species were
      prepared from 928 annotated sequences catalogued in Flavitrack. Alignments of
      these correlated well with the known structures of the NS3 protease domain and
      envelope (E) proteins. The PCPMer suite was used to identify motifs common to all
      FVs. Areas of PCP variability that correlated with phenotype were plotted on the
      structures. RESULTS: Despite considerable diversity at the amino acid level, PCPs
      for both proteins were well conserved throughout the FVs. A series of insertions
      in E separated tick- from mosquito-borne viruses and all arthropod-borne viruses
      from isolates with no known vector or directly from insects. Comparison of a PCP
      consensus sequence of E derived from 600 DENV strains (DENV600) with individual
      ones for DENV1-DENV4 showed that most major serotype-specific variation occurs
      near these insertions. The DENV600 differed from one prepared from eight
      hemorrhagic or fatal strains from four DENV serotypes at only three positions,
      two of which overlap known escape mutant sites. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing consensus
      sequences showed that substantial changes occur in only a few areas of the E
      protein. PCP consensus sequences can contribute to the design of multivalent
      vaccines.

PMID- 19969006
TI  - Simulation of Y-chromosomal haplotype data.
AB  - The non-recombining nature of the Y-chromosome determines the non-independence of
      alleles between loci. The evolution of short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Y
      chromosome is the result of different factors such as differential mutation
      rates, mutation modes, gene conversion, selection and demographic processes. The
      degree of correlation between loci is dependent on the magnitude of these
      processes. The simulation of data is a routine tool used for testing hypotheses
      in population and evolutionary studies. The most basic parameters hitherto used
      in lineage haplotype simulations are the allele frequency distributions and
      mutation rates, assuming either full independence or linkage between loci. In
      this study we introduce use of the Spearman correlation coefficient to estimate
      the degree of dependence between non-recombining loci. Then, both the
      interdependence between loci and the allele frequency distributions at multi
      allelic loci are incorporated in an algorithm for simulating haplotypes. We
      illustrate the method using published and unpublished Y-chromosome STR data.

PMID- 19969008
TI  - Perceived motion induced by a neglected stimulus.
AB  - An illusion of motion can be induced by presenting a horizontal line suddenly
      between two visual markers. If one marker is briefly illuminated (the "cue")
      prior to the appearance of the line, the line appears to spread from the cue
      toward the other marker. This is termed the line-motion illusion, and was here
      reliably demonstrated in a sample of elderly participants. Two patients with left
      hemineglect reliably reported rightward spread when the cue was on the left,
      despite being unable to detect the cue when presented without the line. Indeed,
      rightward motion following a left-sided cue was reported more reliably than
      leftward motion following a right-sided cue, and one patient effectively failed
      to report the illusion as a leftward spread at all. These results support the
      view that low-level mechanisms process motion in the absence of attention, but
      the attentional bias in neglect then inhibits the reporting of motion into the
      neglected side.

PMID- 19969007
TI  - Nitric oxide-soluble guanylyl cyclase signaling regulates corticostriatal
      transmission and short-term synaptic plasticity of striatal projection neurons
      recorded in vivo.
AB  - Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) contain the highest levels of soluble
      guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in the brain. Striatal sGC signaling is activated by
      nitric oxide (NO) and other neuromodulators. MSNs also express cGMP-dependent
      protein kinase and other components of the cGMP signaling system which are
      critically involved in integrating corticostriatal transmission and regulating
      synaptic plasticity in striatal networks. However, the influence of tonic and
      phasic activation of this signaling pathway on striatal MSN activity is poorly
      understood. The present study examined the impact of systemic administration of
      the selective sGC inhibitor [1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one] (ODQ)
      on spike activity evoked using low and high frequency electrical stimulation of
      the frontal cortex. MSN activity was monitored using single-unit extracellular
      recordings in urethane-anesthetized rats. ODQ administration significantly
      decreased spike activity evoked by low frequency cortical stimulation in a
      stimulus intensity- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, ODQ administered
      along with the neuronal NO synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) potently
      decreased the incidence of excitatory responses observed during high-frequency
      train stimulation of the contralateral frontal cortex. The short-term depression
      of cortically-evoked spike activity induced by train stimulation was enhanced
      following pretreatment with ODQ in MSNs exhibiting an excitatory response during
      cortical train stimulation. Unexpectedly, this effect of ODQ was reversed in
      animals receiving co-administration of ODQ and 7-NI. 7-NI/ODQ co-administration
      also reversed measures of short-term depression observed in MSNs exhibiting an
      inhibitory response during cortical train stimulation. These observations extend
      previous studies showing that tonic and phasic NO-sGC signaling modulates the
      responsiveness of MSNs to corticostriatal input. Moreover, phasic activation of
      NO signaling is likely to regulate short-term changes in corticostriatal synaptic
      plasticity via complex mechanisms involving both sGC-cGMP-dependent and
      independent pathways.

PMID- 19969009
TI  - Effects of heartbeat and respiration on macaque fMRI: implications for functional
      connectivity.
AB  - The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in non-human primates is
      on the increase. It is known that the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal
      varies not only as a function of local neuronal energy consumption but also as a
      function of cardiac and respiratory activity. We mapped these cyclic cardiac and
      respiratory artifacts in anesthetized macaque monkeys and present an objective
      analysis of their impact on estimates of functional connectivity (fcMRI). Voxels
      with significant cardiac and respiratory artifacts were found in much the same
      regions as previously reported for awake humans. We show two example seeds where
      removing the artifacts clearly decreased the number of false positive and false
      negative correlations. In particular, removing the artifacts reduced correlations
      in the so-called resting state network. Temporal bandpass filtering or spatial
      smoothing may help to reduce the effects of artifacts in some cases but are not
      an adequate replacement for an algorithm that explicitly models and removes
      cyclic cardiac and respiratory artifacts.

PMID- 19969010
TI  - Relationships of stress responses with plasma oxytocin and prolactin in heifer
      calves.
AB  - Oxytocin and prolactin are potential candidates for the regulation of behavioral
      and physiological stress responses in the brain. To investigate the
      neurobiological basis of individual differences in stress responses in cattle, we
      examined the association of behavioral and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis
      reactivity to acute stressors and basal and stimulated levels of oxytocin and
      prolactin. Twenty Holstein heifer calves aged 2 weeks were subjected to a 10 min
      open-field test (OFT) followed by presentation of a feeding bucket for 15 min in
      the OF. If the calf contacted the bucket, a blast of air was applied to its
      muzzle (surprise test). Jugular blood samples collected before and after both
      tests were analyzed for oxytocin, prolactin, and cortisol. Relationships of basal
      and percent change in oxytocin or prolactin with behavioral responses in each
      test and percent change in cortisol were analyzed using principal components
      analysis and Spearman rank correlations. Plasma cortisol and prolactin
      concentrations were significantly elevated by the tests (p<0.005), but plasma
      oxytocin concentration did not significantly change (p>0.1). Four principal
      components explained 56.1% of the total variation: curiosity, general activity,
      fearfulness, and dependence on humans. Curiosity was inversely correlated with
      basal oxytocin level (rS=-0.683, p<0.05). General activity was positively
      correlated with prolactin reactivity (rS=0.448, p<0.05) and inversely with
      oxytocin reactivity to the novel environment (rS=-0.717, p<0.05). Fearfulness
      tended to correlate positively with basal oxytocin level (rS=0.583, p<0.1).
      Dependence on humans correlated with none of the hormonal parameters. The
      relationships of basal oxytocin level with curiosity and fearfulness for novel
      environments are of particular interest for future study.

PMID- 19969011
TI  - Illusory motion due to causal time filtering.
AB  - A new class of patterns, composed of repeating patches of asymmetric intensity
      profile, elicit strong perception of illusory motion. We propose that the main
      cause of this illusion is erroneous estimation of image motion induced by
      fixational eye movements. Image motion is estimated with spatial and temporal
      energy filters, which are symmetric in space, but asymmetric (causal) in time.
      That is, only the past, but not the future, is used to estimate the temporal
      energy. It is shown that such filters mis-estimate the motion of locally
      asymmetric intensity signals at certain spatial frequencies. In an experiment the
      perception of the different illusory signals was quantitatively compared by
      nulling the illusory motion with opposing real motion, and was found to be
      predicted well by the model.

PMID- 19969012
TI  - Measuring the spread of spreading suppression: a time-course analysis of
      spreading suppression and its impact on attentional selection.
AB  - We report three experiments investigating the time course of spreading
      suppression in visual search using preview conditions. A novel color-change
      procedure was employed in which a target letter changed into a new (singleton)
      color at various intervals after the onset of the search display. Performance
      when the singleton was unique across both preview and search displays was
      compared with that when the singleton carried the color of the preview display.
      Relative to the unique singleton baseline there were no costs to targets carrying
      the preview color when the singleton onset occurred shortly (80 ms) after the
      onset of the new, search display; however, costs emerged as the SOA increased
      before subsequently decreasing again. In addition, relative to when all the items
      appeared together (the full-set search baseline), there were benefits when the
      singleton replaced a target carrying the same color as the distractors in a
      search display, with the facilitation effect showing a marginal effect at an
      earlier time than the cost found when the change was to the preview color. The
      data suggest that there are contrasting time courses to attentional guidance to
      targets and the suppressive rejection of distractors in visual search.

PMID- 19969013
TI  - Dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporter gene deletions differentially
      alter cocaine-induced taste aversion.
AB  - Although cocaine is primarily known for its powerful hedonic effects, there is
      evidence that its affective experience has a notable aversive component that is
      less well understood. A variety of pharmacological and molecular approaches have
      implicated enhanced monoamine (MA) neurotransmission in the aversive effects of
      cocaine. Although numerous studies have yielded data supportive of the role of
      the monoamines (indirectly and directly), the specific system suggested to be
      involved differs across studies and paradigms (Freeman et al., 2005b; Grupp,
      1997; Roberts and Fibiger, 1997). Monoamine transporter knockout mice have been
      useful in the study of many different aspects of cocaine effects relevant to
      human drug use and addiction, yet an assessment of the effects of deletion of the
      genes for the dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters (DAT, NET, and
      SERT, respectively) on cocaine's aversive properties has yet to be performed (Uhl
      et al., 2002). In the current investigation, the strength of cocaine-induced
      aversions was compared among three groups of transgenic mice with deletions of
      the genes responsible for the production of one of the monoamine transporters.
      When compared to their respective WT controls, dopamine transporter deletion
      slightly attenuated cocaine-induced aversion while deletion of SERT or NET
      resulted in a more significant delay in the onset and strength of cocaine-induced
      taste aversions. The data lead us to conclude that the action of cocaine to
      inhibit NET contributes most substantially to its aversive effects, with some
      involvement of SERT and minimal contribution of DAT.

PMID- 19969014
TI  - Blunted opiate modulation of prolactin response in smoking men and women.
AB  - Endogenous opioids are integral in modulating drug reward, but it is believed
      that these may act through several mechanisms including hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenocortical (HPA) and dopamine pathways. This study was developed to examine
      how nicotine dependence alters endogenous opioid regulation of prolactin
      response, a peripheral marker of dopaminergic activity. Smokers and nonsmokers
      completed two sessions during which placebo or 50mg of naltrexone was
      administered, using a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Blood samples and
      mood measures were obtained during a resting absorption period, after exposure to
      two noxious stimuli (cold pressor and thermal pain), and during an extended
      recovery period. Opioid blockade increased prolactin response, indicating an
      inhibitory effect of the endogenous opioid system on prolactin, possibly mediated
      by reduced stimulatory effects of dopamine on this hormone. These responses were
      attenuated in smokers relative to nonsmokers. There was also a gender disparity
      in prolactin response, with women showing a stronger response to endogenous
      opioid modification than men regardless of smoking status. The attenuated effects
      of opioid blockade may reflect dysregulated opiodergic and dopaminergic effects.
      Results extend previous reports showing blunted opioid regulation of the HPA
      response in dependent smokers.

PMID- 19969015
TI  - The alarm pheromone in male rats as a unique anxiety model: psychopharmacological
      evidence using anxiolytics.
AB  - Previously, we demonstrated that an alarm pheromone released from male donor
      Wistar rats evoked anxiety-related physiological and behavioral responses in
      recipient rats. Thus, we believe that this pheromone may increase anxiety levels
      in rats. In the current study, we evaluated the predictive validity of this alarm
      pheromone-induced anxiogenic effect in detail by investigating whether six types
      of human anxiolytics, each of which has a different mechanism of action, were
      efficacious in reducing anxiety, using changes in the acoustic startle reflex
      (ASR) as an index. The alarm pheromone-enhanced ASR was not affected by vehicle
      pretreatment but was dose-dependently attenuated by pretreatment with midazolam,
      phenelzine, propranolol, clonidine, and CP-154,526-although not buspirone. These
      results may reflect some aspects of the predictive validity of the alarm
      pheromone-induced anxiety in rats as an animal model of human anxiety.

PMID- 19969016
TI  - Toluene inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice.
AB  - Toluene, a representative industrial solvent and abused inhalant, decreases
      neuronal activity in vitro and causes mental depression and cognitive impairment
      in humans. However, the effects of toluene on brain function and the sites of its
      action are poorly understood. This study investigated the temporal changes of
      neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult C57BL/6 mice after acute administration
      of toluene using two immunohistochemical markers for neurogenesis, Ki-67 and
      doublecortin (DCX). In addition, after toluene treatment, depression-like
      behaviors and learning and memory tasks were examined to assess hippocampal
      neurogenesis-related behavioral dysfunction. The number of Ki-67- and DCX
      positive cells in the dentate gyrus of adult hippocampi declined acutely between
      0 h and 24 h after toluene treatment (500 mg/kg, i.p.) and increased gradually
      from 2 to 8 days post-administration. The level of Ki-67 and DCX immunoreactivity
      decreased in a dose-dependent manner within the range of toluene administered (0
      1000 mg/kg). In tail suspension and forced-swim tests performed at 1 and 4 days
      after toluene treatment (500 mg/kg), mice showed significant depression-like
      behaviors compared to the vehicle-treated controls. In the contextual fear
      conditioning and object recognition memory test, the mice trained at 1 and 4 days
      after toluene treatment showed significant memory defects compared to the vehicle
      treated controls. This study suggests that acute exposure to toluene reduces the
      rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and can cause hippocampal dysfunction such
      as depression and cognitive impairment.

PMID- 19969017
TI  - Environmental novelty and illumination modify ethanol-induced open-field
      behavioral effects in mice.
AB  - Both spontaneous and drug-induced animal behaviors can be modified by exposure to
      novel stimuli or different levels of environmental illumination. However,
      research into how these factors specifically impact ethanol (ETH)-induced
      behavioral effects is currently lacking. We aimed to investigate the effects of
      these two factors, considered separately or in conjunction, on ETH-induced acute
      hyperlocomotor effect and its sensitization in adult male Swiss mice. Mice were
      placed in a novel or familiar open-field under normal light (200 lx) or low light
      (9 lx) immediately after receiving an ip injection of either 1.8 g/kg ETH or
      saline (SAL). After 7 days, all animals received an ip challenge injection of 1.8
      g/kg ETH, and were placed in the open-field under the same light conditions
      described above. Novelty increased central locomotion and decreased grooming,
      while low light increased grooming. Acute ETH administration increased both total
      and peripheral locomotion and these effects were potentiated by low light. Both
      low light and novelty were able to facilitate ETH-induced locomotor
      sensitization, which was detected by the central locomotion parameter. However,
      there was no synergism between the effects of these two modulating factors on ETH
      induced behavioral sensitization. We conclude that both the acute behavioral
      effects of ETH and behavioral sensitization induced by previous administration of
      this drug can be critically modified by environmental factors. In addition, our
      study stresses the importance of using different behavioral parameters to
      evaluate the interaction between environmental factors and ETH effects.

PMID- 19969018
TI  - Antinociceptive activity of Annona diversifolia Saff. leaf extracts and palmitone
      as a bioactive compound.
AB  - Annonas are consumed as fresh fruits, but are also widely used in folk medicine
      for treating pain and other ailments. Antinociceptive properties of the Annona
      diversifolia ethanol crude extract were tested using the pain-induced functional
      impairment model in rat (PIFIR) and the writhing test in mice. The ethanol
      extract caused a 25% recovery of limb function in rats; this response was
      significant and dose-dependent. Furthermore, this extract produced a similar
      antinociceptive response (ED(50)=15.35 mg/kg) to that of the reference drug
      tramadol (ED(50)=12.42 mg/kg) when evaluated in the writhing test in mice. Bio
      guided fractionation yielded hexane and acetone active fractions from which the
      presence of palmitone and flavonoids was respectively detected. Palmitone
      produced an antinociceptive response with an ED(50)=19.57 mg/kg in the writhing
      test. Antinociceptive responses from ethanol extract and tramadol were inhibited
      in the presence of either naloxone (1mg/kg, s.c.)--an antagonist of endogenous
      opioids--or WAY100635 (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.)--a 5-HT(1A) serotonin receptor
      antagonist. These results provide evidence that A. diversifolia possesses
      antinociceptive activity, giving support to their traditional use for treatment
      of spasmodic and arthritic pain. In addition, our results suggest the
      participation of endogenous opioids and 5-HT(1A) receptors in this
      antinociceptive response.

PMID- 19969020
TI  - In vitro developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing: relevant models and
      endpoints.
AB  - Environmental chemicals have a potential impact on children's health as the
      developing brain is much more vulnerable to injury caused by different classes of
      chemicals than the adult brain. This vulnerability is partly due to the fact that
      very complex processes of cell development and maturation take place within a
      tightly controlled time frame. So different stages of brain development are
      susceptible to toxic effects at different time points. Additionally the adult
      brain is well protected against chemicals by the blood brain barrier (BBB)
      whereas the placenta only partially protects against harmful chemical exposure.
      Many metals easily cross the placenta and BBB barrier since even after the birth
      BBB is not entirely differentiated (until about 6 months after birth).
      Additionally, the susceptibility of infants and children is due to increased
      exposure, augmented absorption rates, and less efficient ability of defense
      mechanism in comparison to adults. The In Vitro Session during the 12th
      International Neurotoxicology Association meeting (Jerusalem, June, 2009)
      provided the opportunity to discuss the new challenges that have to be faced to
      create new type of safety assessments for regulatory requirements. The
      integration of various tests into testing strategies as well as combination of
      information-rich approaches with bioinformatics was discussed. Furthermore
      relevant models and endpoints for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) evaluation
      using in vitro approach were presented. The primary neuronal cultures of
      cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) as well as 3D aggregate model and the possible
      application of human embryonic and adult stem cells was discussed pointing out
      the potential of these models to be used for DNT testing. The presented systems
      are relevant for DNT evaluation as the key processes of brain development such
      cell proliferation, migration and neuronal/glial differentiation are present.
      Furthermore, emerging technologies such as gene expression, electrical activity
      measurements and metabonomics have been identified as promising tools. In a
      combination with other assays the in vitro approach could be included into a DNT
      intelligent testing strategy to speed up the process of DNT evaluation mainly by
      initial prioritization of chemicals with DNT potential for further testing.

PMID- 19969019
TI  - Endocannabinoid signaling in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.
AB  - The cannabis plant and products produced from it, such as marijuana and hashish,
      have been used for centuries for their psychoactive properties. The mechanism for
      how Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active constituent of cannabis,
      elicits these neurological effects remained elusive until relatively recently,
      when specific G-protein coupled receptors were discovered that appeared to
      mediate cellular actions of THC. Shortly after discovery of these specific
      receptors, endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) were identified. Since that
      time, an extensive number of papers have been published on the endocannabinoid
      signaling system, a widespread neuromodulatory mechanism that influences
      neurotransmission throughout the nervous system. This paper summarizes
      presentations given at the 12th International Neurotoxicology Association meeting
      that described the potential role of endocannabinoids in the expression of
      neurotoxicity. Dr. Raphael Mechoulam first gave an overview of the discovery of
      exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids and their potential for neuroprotection in
      a variety of conditions. Dr. Larry Parsons then described studies suggesting that
      endocannabinoid signaling may play a selective role in drug reinforcement. Dr.
      Carey Pope presented information on the role that endocannabinoid signaling may
      have in the expression of cholinergic toxicity following anticholinesterase
      exposures. Together, these presentations highlighted the diverse types of
      neurological insults that may be modulated by endocannabinoids and
      drugs/toxicants which might influence endocannabinoid signaling pathways.

PMID- 19969022
TI  - Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by thrombin injection in the
      substantia nigra of the rat is enhanced by dexamethasone: role of monoamine
      oxidase enzyme.
AB  - Anti-inflammatory strategies receive growing attention for their potential to
      prevent pathological deterioration in disorders such as Parkinson's disease,
      which is accompanied by inflammatory reactions that might play a critical role in
      the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons. We investigated the influence of
      dexamethasone - a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoids class of steroid
      hormones that acts as an anti-inflammatory - on the degeneration of the
      dopaminergic neurons of rats observed after intranigral injection of thrombin, a
      serine protease that induces inflammation through microglia proliferation and
      activation. We evaluated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons as well as
      astroglial and microglial populations; dexamethasone prevented the loss of
      astrocytes but was unable to stop microglial proliferation induced by thrombin.
      Moreover, dexamethasone produced alterations in the levels of nexin and the
      thrombin receptor PAR-1, and facilitated accumulation of alpha-synuclein induced
      by thrombin in dopaminergic neurons. Dexamethasone increased oxidative stress and
      expression of monoamine oxidase A and B, along with changes on different MAP
      kinases related to degenerative processes, resulting in a bigger loss of
      dopaminergic neurons after intranigral injection of thrombin in dexamethasone
      treated animals. It is interesting to ascertain that inhibition of monoamine
      oxidase by tranylcypromine prevented neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons,
      thus suggesting that the deleterious effects of dexamethasone might be mediated
      by monoamine oxidase.

PMID- 19969021
TI  - Does background postnatal methyl mercury exposure in toddlers affect cognition
      and behavior?
AB  - Because the toxicological effects of mercury (Hg) are more serious in the
      developing central nervous system of children than adults, there are growing
      concerns about prenatal and early childhood Hg exposure. This study examined
      postnatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure and cognition and behavior in 780
      children enrolled in the Treatment of Lead (Pb)-exposed Children clinical trial
      (TLC) with 396 children allocated to the succimer and 384 to the placebo groups.
      Mercury exposure was determined from analyses of blood drawn 1 week before
      randomization and 1 week after treatment began when succimer had its maximal
      effect on blood Pb (PbB). The baseline MeHg concentrations were 0.54 microg/L and
      0.52 microg/L and post-treatment concentrations were 0.51 microg/L and 0.48
      microg/L for placebo and succimer groups, respectively. Because the baseline
      characteristics in the two groups were balanced and because succimer had little
      effect on MeHg concentration and no effect on the cognitive or behavioral test
      scores, the groups were combined in the analysis of MeHg and neurodevelopment.
      The children's IQ and neurobehavioral performance were tested at age 2, 5 and 7
      years. We saw weak, non-significant but consistently positive associations
      between blood MeHg and IQ test scores in stratified, spline regression and
      generalized linear model data analyses. The behavioral problem scores were
      constant or decreased slightly with increasing MeHg concentration. Additional
      adjustment for PbB levels in multivariable models did not alter the conclusion
      for MeHg and IQ scores, but did confirm that concurrent PbB was strongly
      associated with IQ and behavior in TLC children. The effects of MeHg on
      neurodevelopmental indices did not substantially differ by PbB strata. We
      conclude that at the present background postnatal MeHg exposure levels of US
      children, adverse effects on children's IQ and behavior are not detectable.

PMID- 19969023
TI  - Inhibition of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by moronic acid.
AB  - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses two transcription factors, Rta and Zta, during
      the immediate-early stage of the lytic cycle to activate the transcription of
      viral lytic genes. Our immunoblotting and flow cytometry analyses find that
      moronic acid, found in galls of Rhus chinensis and Brazilian propolis, at
      10microM inhibits the expression of Rta, Zta, and an EBV early protein, EA-D,
      after lytic induction with sodium butyrate. This study also finds that moronic
      acids inhibits the capacity of Rta to activate a promoter that contains an Rta
      response element, indicating that moronic acid interferes with the function of
      Rta. On the other hand, moronic acid does not appear to influence with the
      transactivation function of Zta. Therefore, the lack of expression of Zta and EA
      D after moronic acid treatment is attributable to the inhibition of the
      transactivation functions of Rta. Because the expression of Zta, EA-D and many
      EBV lytic genes depends on Rta, the treatment of P3HR1 cells with moronic acid
      substantially reduces the numbers of EBV particles produced by the cells after
      lytic induction. This study suggests that moronic acid is a new structural lead
      for anti-EBV drug development.

PMID- 19969024
TI  - Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase: an antiviral prodrug activating enzyme.
AB  - Cidofovir (HPMPC) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, currently used to treat
      AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus retinitis. Cidofovir has recognized
      therapeutic potential for orthopox virus infections, although its use is hampered
      by its inherent low oral bioavailability. Val-Ser-cyclic HPMPC (Val-Ser-cHPMPC)
      is a promising peptide prodrug which has previously been shown by us to improve
      the permeability and bioavailability of the parent compound in rodent models
      (Eriksson et al., 2008. Molecular Pharmaceutics 5, 598-609). Puromycin-sensitive
      aminopeptidase was partially purified from Caco-2 cell homogenates and identified
      as a prodrug activating enzyme for Val-Ser-cHPMPC. The prodrug activation process
      initially involves an enzymatic step where the l-Valine residue is removed by
      puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, a step that is bestatin-sensitive. Subsequent
      chemical hydrolysis results in the generation of cHPMPC. A recombinant puromycin
      sensitive aminopeptidase was generated and its substrate specificity
      investigated. The k(cat) for Val-pNA was significantly lower than that for Ala
      pNA, suggesting that some amino acids are preferred over others. Furthermore, the
      three-fold higher k(cat) for Val-Ser-cHPMPC as compared to Val-pNA suggests that
      the leaving group may play an important role in determining hydrolytic activity.
      In addition to its ability to hydrolyze a variety of substrates, these
      observations strongly suggest that puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase is an
      important enzyme for activating Val-Ser-cHPMPC in vivo. Taken together, our data
      suggest that puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase makes an attractive target for
      future prodrug design.

PMID- 19969026
TI  - Loss of RegI in conjunction with gastrin deficiency in mice facilitates efficient
      gastric ulcer healing but is dispensable for hyperplasia and tumourigenesis.
AB  - RegI (Regenerating islet derived-1) was originally characterized as a growth
      factor involved in pancreatic islet cell regeneration. It is also considered a
      gastrointestinal mitogen as its expression is increased during pathologies
      involving aberrant cell proliferation that can lead to neoplasia. However, the
      absolute requirement for RegI to directly stimulate gastric mucosal cell
      proliferation in vivo requires further investigation. We used RegI-deficient mice
      to determine the requirement for RegI in normal gastric mucosal development,
      wound healing, hyperplasia and tumourigenesis. We found that epithelial repair of
      acetic acid ulcers in compound mutant RegI/gastrin-deficient mice was
      significantly reduced compared to wild type, RegI-deficient or gastrin-deficient
      mice. In contrast, RegI was dispensable for normal gastric mucosal development,
      hyperplasia in HKbeta-deficient mice and tumourigenesis in gp130(F/F) mice.
      Although RegI was not required for proliferation in these pathological models,
      expression of multiple Reg family members were increased during gp130(F/F)
      tumourigenesis. Interestingly, loss of RegI in gp130(F/F) mice resulted in
      decreased expression of other Reg family members. Our results indicate that RegI
      and gastrin may synergistically regulate gastric mucosal proliferation during
      certain pathological settings like wound healing while gastric epithelial
      proliferation in other pathologies may require coordinated expression of multiple
      Reg genes.

PMID- 19969025
TI  - Role of Rho kinase and oxidative stress in cardiac fibrosis induced by
      aldosterone and salt in angiotensin type 1a receptor knockout mice.
AB  - Large clinical trials have shown that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists
      improve cardiovascular or total mortality in patients with heart failure or
      myocardial infarction even though the patients were taking angiotensin-converting
      enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) antagonists. We previously
      reported that cardiac fibrosis induced by aldosterone and salt (Ald-NaCl) was
      exaggerated in AT1aR knockout mice (AT1aR-KOs). As the association of Rho kinase
      and oxidative stress was reported in Ald-NaCl-induced hypertension of rats, we
      investigated the effects of an MR antagonist (eplerenone) and a Rho kinase
      inhibitor (fasudil) on Ald-NaCl-induced cardiac fibrosis in AT1aR-KOs. AT1aR-KOs
      were administered aldosterone (0.15 microg/h) subcutaneously using an osmotic
      minipump and were provided with 1% NaCl drinking water for 4weeks. AT1aR-KOs
      receiving Ald-NaCl were treated with a low (30 mg/kg/day) or high (100mg/kg/day)
      dose of eplerenone or a fasudil (100mg/kg/day). Systolic blood pressure (SBP),
      left ventricular weight/body weight (LVW/BW), histological examination and
      cardiac gene expression were evaluated on day 28. Ald-NaCl treatment caused
      increases in SBP and LVW/BW in AT1aR-KOs, and eplerenone dose-dependently
      decreased SBP, LVW/BW and cardiac fibrosis. Fasudil decreased LVW/BW and cardiac
      fibrosis without affecting SBP. The expressions of connecting tissue growth
      factor (CTGF) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) components
      (p22phox, p47phox and p67phox) were increased in Ald-NaCl-treated AT1aR-KOs, and
      eplerenone or fasudil decreased the expression of CTGF and NADPH components.
      Phosphorylated ERM (a marker of the phosphorylation of Rho kinase) was increased
      in Ald-NaCl-treated AT1aR-KOs and was decreased by eplerenone. Nitrotyrosine and
      4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, which indicate tissue damage via oxidative stress, were
      increased in AT1aR-KO and were apparently attenuated by eplerenone or fasudil.
      These results suggested that the Rho kinase pathway was activated to induce
      cardiac fibrosis by Ald-NaCl via MR in AT1aR-KOs. A Rho kinase inhibitor as well
      as eplerenone might be useful for cardiac damage by Ald-NaCl.

PMID- 19969027
TI  - PACAP ameliorates oxidative stress in the chicken inner ear: an in vitro study.
AB  - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic and
      multifunctional neuropeptide. Numerous studies prove that PACAP has
      neuroprotective effects in diverse neuronal systems in vitro and in vivo. The
      involvement of PACAP in visual and olfactory sensory processing has also been
      documented, but little is known about its effects in the auditory system. The
      presence of PACAP and its receptor, the specific PAC1 receptor, has been shown in
      the cochlea and in brain structures involved in auditory pathways. The aim of the
      present study was to investigate whether PACAP is protective in cochlear
      oxidative stress-induced cell death, which is known to play a role in several
      ototoxic insults. Chicken cochlear cells were exposed to 1mM H(2)O(2), which
      resulted in a marked reduction of cell viability and a parallel increase of
      apoptotic and necrotic cells assessed by MTT test, annexin V/propidium iodide
      flow cytometry and JC-1 apoptosis assay. Co-incubation with 100nM PACAP increased
      cell viability and reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells. Furthermore,
      oxidative stress increased the activation of caspase-3, while simultaneous PACAP
      treatment reduced it. In summary, our present results demonstrate that PACAP
      effectively protects cochlear cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic
      cell death.

PMID- 19969028
TI  - DNA microarray-based detection and identification of waterborne protozoan
      pathogens.
AB  - A DNA microarray with 21 oligonucleotide probes was developed to detect most of
      the common waterborne protozoan pathogens. The DNA microarray accurately
      identified 3 test protozoa strains based on the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene
      sequence. The detection limit was approximately 1x10(3) target genes, or 50
      Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, per assay. As a parallel study to verify the
      efficiency of the DNA microarray, a real-time PCR assay was also developed
      targeting functional genes as well as the SSU rRNA gene. The present protozoa DNA
      microarray, when combined with our previous bacterial DNA microarray, may serve
      as a comprehensive water quality monitoring tool.

PMID- 19969029
TI  - Improving the isolation of anaerobes on solid media: the example of the
      fastidious Methanosaeta.
AB  - Methanosaeta spp. are globally important biogenic methane producers with only
      three strains described due to isolation difficulties. Here, clonal axenic
      isolates from estuarine sediments were obtained using alternative gelling and
      reducing agents. It is suggested that more systematic approaches with various
      combinations of media components will help to cultivate difficult-to-isolate
      anaerobes.

PMID- 19969030
TI  - Task difficulty modulates electrophysiological correlates of perceptual learning.
AB  - To investigate the influence of task difficulty on the neural mechanisms of
      visual perceptual learning, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from
      human adults while they were trained with either an easy or a difficult
      orientation discrimination task. The discrimination thresholds of participants
      trained with the difficult task decreased after training, but thresholds of
      participants with the easy task did not. More importantly, although posterior N1
      reduction and anterior P2 decrement were obtained in both conditions, only the
      difficult task training showed an enhancement in posterior P1, an increase in N2
      and P3, and a broader scalp distribution of posterior N1 attenuation. These
      differences indicated that the difficult task training affected the early visual
      processing stage, the later ERP components, and the broader visual cortical
      regions, respectively. The results in the present study provide direct
      electrophysiological evidence for task difficulty modulation of perceptual
      learning-related neuroplasticity.

PMID- 19969031
TI  - A hepatitis C virus core polypeptide expressed in chloroplasts detects anti-core
      antibodies in infected human sera.
AB  - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major disease agent affecting approximately 3% of
      the world's population. Expression in plant chloroplasts enables low-cost
      production of the conserved HCV core protein used in diagnostic tests to combat
      virus spread in developing countries with high infection rates. The bactericidal
      activity of the 21 kDa precore protein hinders cloning the core gene in plastid
      expression cassettes, which are active in bacteria due to the similarities
      between bacterial and plastid promoters and ribosome binding sites. This was
      overcome by using a topology-dependent expression cassette containing tandem rrn
      and psbA plastid promoters, whose activity was shown to be dependent on
      temperature. The viral core gene and a codon-optimised gene encoding a C-terminal
      truncated 16 kDa core polypeptide were expressed in tobacco chloroplasts. The
      codon-optimised gene increased monocistronic core mRNA levels by at least 2-fold
      and core polypeptides by over 5-fold, relative to the native viral gene.
      Expression of the 16 kDa core polypeptide was stable in leaves of different ages.
      Anti-core antibodies in HCV-infected human sera were detected by the 16 kDa core
      polypeptide in total leaf protein fractionated on Western blots providing a first
      step towards developing a chloroplast-based HCV diagnostic method.

PMID- 19969032
TI  - A detailed comparative analysis on the overall codon usage pattern in
      herpesviruses.
AB  - Herpesviruses infect a wide range of organisms including humans. Some of these
      viruses are potential gene transfer vectors for gene therapy. However no study
      has been reported on total codon usage of herpesvirus. In this study, the
      patterns of synonymous codon usage in herpesviruses have been studied through
      multivariate statistical methods on 4875 ORFs from the available 49 completely
      sequenced herpesvirus genomes. A general trend of weakly biased codon usage was
      observed among herpesviruses, but few among them showed some degree of strong
      bias. The principal determinants behind such notable variations within the
      patterns seemed to be the overall GC content and GC content at the 3rd base
      position of the viral genes. These determinants strongly correlated with the
      first major axis of correspondence analysis on relative synonymous codon usage
      (RSCU). This is an indication of mutational bias that dominates over
      translational selection in herpesvirus. Among the other determining factors, gene
      length also has some degree of influence on the codon usage pattern. The
      comparative analysis of the preferred and optimal codons among the clades
      revealed that different codons were preferred in different clades, though six
      codons CUG, CAC, CAG, AAC, GUG, and GAC were found to be more frequent in most of
      the herpesviral genes. Codon adaptation index (CAI) was used to predict highly
      expressed genes among herpesviruses, and to identify translationally optimal
      codons. Cluster analysis reveals that the majority of the members of a clade have
      similar codon usage and nucleotide composition, but with some notable exception.
      Additionally phylogenetic analysis indicates that codon usage of the viruses
      cannot be explicitly tied to their species evolution.

PMID- 19969033
TI  - Morphological characterization of baculovirus Autographa californica multiple
      nucleopolyhedrovirus.
AB  - The budded form of baculovirus Autographa californica multiple
      nucleopolyhedrovirus is used widely in biotechnological applications. In this
      study, we observed the morphology of baculovirus in nanometer scale by atomic
      force microscopy. Additionally, the correlation between transduction efficiency
      and virus stock storage time was evaluated. By atomic force microscopy,
      asymmetrical baculovirus particles with enlarged head regions were detected.
      Observed virus stocks contained variable-length particles, 256+/-40nm, along with
      disintegrated particles and/or cellular components. Long-term storage of stocks
      led to virus aggregation and decreased cellular entry and transgene expression in
      mammalian cells. Significantly, baculovirus vectors bearing a 33.5-kb insert
      induced formation of elongated nucleocapsids, indicating that viral dsDNA genome
      size influences particle size. Taken together, our results provide the first 3D
      characterization of baculovirus morphology and insight into its stability after
      storage.

PMID- 19969034
TI  - DODAG; a versatile new cationic lipid that mediates efficient delivery of pDNA
      and siRNA.
AB  - We report the syntheses of novel cationic lipids comprised of cholesteryl
      moieties linked to guanidinium functional groups, and also cationic lipids
      comprising a dialkylglycylamide moiety conjugated with a polyamine or a
      guanidinium functional group. In plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection studies, these
      cationic lipids were formulated into cationic liposomes with the neutral co-lipid
      dioleoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) or with a recently reported
      neutral lipophosphoramidate derivative of histamine (MM27). We observe that
      cationic liposomes prepared from the cationic lipid N',N'-dioctadecyl-N-4,8-diaza
      10-aminodecanoylglycine amide (DODAG) and DOPE frequently mediate the highest
      levels of transfection in vitro in all three different cell lines studied (OVCAR
      3, IGROV-1 and HeLa) both in the presence or absence of serum. In addition, in
      vitro cellular toxicity was found to be minimal. Alternatively, we observe that
      DODAG alone forms lipoplex nanoparticles with small interfering RNA (siRNA) that
      are able to mediate the functional delivery of two previously validated anti
      hepatitis B virus (HBV)--siRNAs to murine liver in vivo with minimal observable
      liver toxicity and immune stimulation. Specific knock-down of HBV infection
      parameters (virion and hepatic mRNA levels) is observed that is at least
      equivalent to the impact of extensive treatment with lamivudine (a licensed
      antiviral drug).

PMID- 19969035
TI  - Temperature-sensitive liposomes for doxorubicin delivery under MRI guidance.
AB  - Local drug delivery of doxorubicin holds promise to improve the therapeutic
      efficacy and to reduce toxicity profiles. Here, we investigated the release of
      doxorubicin and [Gd(HPDO3A)(H(2)O)] from different temperature-sensitive
      liposomes for applications in temperature-induced drug delivery under magnetic
      resonance image guidance. In particular, two temperature-sensitive systems
      composed of DPPC:MPPC:DPPE-PEG2000 (low temperature-sensitive liposomes, LTSL)
      and DPPC:HSPC:cholesterol:DPPE-PEG2000 (traditional temperature-sensitive
      liposomes, TTSL) were investigated. The co-encapsulation of [Gd(HPDO3A)(H(2)O)],
      a clinically approved MRI contrast agent, did not influence the encapsulation and
      release of doxorubicin. The LTSL system showed a higher leakage of doxorubicin at
      37 degrees C, but a faster release of doxorubicin at 42 degrees C compared to the
      TTSL system. Furthermore, the rapid release of both doxorubicin and the MRI
      contrast agent from the liposomes occurred near the melting phase transition
      temperature, making it possible to image the release of doxorubicin using MRI.

PMID- 19969036
TI  - Bradykinin increases the secretion and expression of endothelin-1 through kinin
      B2 receptors in melanoma cells.
AB  - The present study was conducted to determine whether bradykinin would affect the
      secretion and expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in B16-BL6 melanoma cells.
      Bradykinin administered to cultured melanoma cells increased preproET-1 mRNA
      level and the secretion of ET-1. Although kinin B(1) and B(2) receptor mRNAs are
      expressed in the melanoma cells, the increase of preproET-1 mRNA expression and
      the secretion of ET-1 were inhibited by kinin B(2), but not by B(1), receptor
      antagonist. These results suggest that bradykinin regulates the secretion and
      biosynthesis of ET-1 through kinin B(2) receptor in tumor cells, especially
      melanoma cells.

PMID- 19969037
TI  - Systemic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid points out a different role for
      active caspase-3 in neurons and astrocytes.
AB  - The intraperitoneal administration of 3-nitropropionic acid, which is commonly
      used to induce toxicity models of Huntington's disease in experimental animals,
      produces severe brain injury in the lateral part of the striatum. We studied the
      presence of active caspase-3 in neurons and astrocytes from brains of rats
      treated with 3-nitropropionic acid following a subacute administration protocol.
      Active caspase-3 was almost absent in the core of the striatal lesion. However,
      it was expressed, albeit weakly, in the neurons present in the rim of the lesion.
      In cortex and non-injured striatal areas, and in the cortex and striatum of
      control animals, active caspase-3 staining was widely distributed and vivid, but
      localized in the cell bodies of astrocytes rather than in neurons. In treated
      animals, some of the active caspase-3 positive neurons localized in the rim of
      the lesion were also positive for TUNEL staining. This indicates the presence of
      a caspase-mediated apoptotic process. TUNEL was not present in control animals or
      in the astrocytes of treated animals. Thus, the presence of active caspase-3 in
      astrocytes may be merely constitutive.

PMID- 19969038
TI  - Evaluation of the relationship between anxiety during withdrawal and stress
      induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
AB  - The initial termination of cocaine consumption in human addicts is associated
      with heightened anxiety states and low levels of craving. Craving, however, tends
      to increase progressively over time, remains high for extended periods of time,
      and can be exacerbated by stressors, leading to relapse. Laboratory rats,
      likewise, exhibit heightened states of anxiety after withdrawal from drug, and
      follow a time course of cocaine seeking that parallels the time course of craving
      reported in humans. In addition, laboratory rats show heightened susceptibility
      to relapse when exposed to stressors after extended periods of withdrawal, and
      exhibit persistent and heightened expressions of stress-induced anxiety. The
      general objective of this paper is to consider the relationship between anxiety
      states after withdrawal from cocaine and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine
      seeking in laboratory rats, and to identify the neural substrates involved. The
      focus of the review is on studies addressing the roles of corticotropin-releasing
      factor (CRF) and noradrenaline pathways of the extended amygdala circuitry, and
      their direct or indirect interactions with the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system,
      in anxiety after withdrawal from cocaine and stress-induced reinstatement of
      cocaine seeking. Furthermore, the effects of time after withdrawal from cocaine
      and amount of cocaine exposure during self-administration on the activity of CRF,
      noradrenaline, and dopamine pathways of the extended amygdala and
      mesocorticolimbic systems will be considered. The review will highlight how
      changing levels of activity within these systems may serve to alter the nature of
      the relationship between anxiety and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine
      seeking at different times after withdrawal from cocaine.

PMID- 19969039
TI  - Accelerating response to antidepressant treatment in depression: a review and
      clinical suggestions.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this article is to review the literature
      regarding the speed of response to antidepressant drugs and potential strategies
      to accelerate the antidepressant response in new antidepressant-free patients
      with depression. Based on these data, we try to propose both an effective and
      safe antidepressant treatment strategy to alleviate depressive symptoms at the
      earliest opportunity. DATA SOURCES: Data were identified by searches of Medline
      (1966 to September 2009) and references from relevant articles and books. Search
      terms included depression, antidepressant, predictor, response, onset,
      acceleration, and augmentation. As our focus was on the acute phase treatment of
      depression, articles relevant to treatment-resistant depression were excluded.
      Only articles written in English or Japanese were consulted. DATA SELECTION:
      Studies, reviews, and books pertaining to the treatment of depression with a
      special regard to accelerating therapeutic effects were selected. DATA SYNTHESIS:
      Most of the available treatment guidelines for major depressive disorders
      recommend the continuous use of antidepressants for 4 to 8 weeks based on the
      idea of a delayed onset of response to these drugs. Contrary to this conventional
      belief, the recent data indicate that antidepressants start to exert their
      effects within 2 weeks and early non-response could predict a subsequent
      unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the need of revisiting
      the timing of an antidepressant switch for early non-responders, whereby
      switching could be commenced in as early as 2 weeks.

PMID- 19969040
TI  - Lipidomic approaches to the study of phospholipase A2-regulated phospholipid
      fatty acid incorporation and remodeling.
AB  - The distribution of fatty acids among cellular glycerophospholipids is finely
      regulated by the CoA-dependent acylation of lysophospholipids followed by
      transacylation reactions. Arachidonic acid is the fatty acid precursor of a wide
      family of bioactive compounds called the eicosanoids, with key roles in innate
      immunity and inflammation. Because availability of free AA constitutes a rate
      limiting step in the generation of eicosanoids by mammalian cells, many studies
      have been devoted to characterize the processes of arachidonate liberation from
      phospholipids by phospholipase A(2)s and its re-incorporation and further
      remodeling back into phospholipids by acyltransferases and transacylases. These
      studies have traditionally been conducted by using radioactive precursors which
      do not allow the identification of the phospholipid molecular species involved in
      these processes. Nowadays, lipidomic approaches utilizing mass spectrometry
      provide a new frame for the analysis of unique phospholipid species involved in
      fatty acid release and phospholipid incorporation and remodeling. This review
      focuses on the mass spectrometry techniques applied to the study of phospholipid
      fatty acid trafficking and the recent advances that have been achieved by the use
      of this technique.

PMID- 19969041
TI  - Cortisol differentially alters claudin isoforms in cultured puffer fish gill
      epithelia.
AB  - A primary cultured gill epithelium from the puffer fish Tetraodon nigroviridis
      was developed to examine the corticosteroid regulation of claudin isoform mRNA
      abundance in fish gills. Preparations were composed of polygonal epithelial cells
      exhibiting concentric apical microridges and zonula occludens-1 immunoreactivity
      along cell margins. No evidence was found to indicate the presence of Na(+)-K(+)
      ATPase-immunoreactive or mitochondria-rich cells in cultured preparations.
      Therefore, epithelia appear to be composed of gill pavement cells (PVCs) only. An
      RT-PCR profile of 12 salinity responsive gill claudin tight junction (TJ)
      proteins (Tncldn3a, -3c, -6, -8d, -10d, -10e, -11a, -23b, -27a, -27c, -32a, and 
      33b) revealed the absence of Tncldn6, -10d and -10e in cultured epithelia,
      suggesting that these isoforms are not associated with gill PVCs. Cortisol
      treatment of cultured epithelia dose-dependently increased or decreased mRNA
      abundance of select claudin isoforms. Transcript abundance of several claudin
      isoforms was unaffected by cortisol treatment. These data provide evidence for
      the cell specific distribution of claudins in fish gills and suggest that
      heterogeneous alterations in the abundance of select claudin isoforms contribute
      to the corticosteroid regulation of gill permeability.

PMID- 19969042
TI  - Insufficient sleep impairs driving performance and cognitive function.
AB  - Cumulative sleep deprivation may increase the risk of psychiatric disorders,
      other disorders, and accidents. We examined the effect of insufficient sleep on
      cognitive function, driving performance, and cerebral blood flow in 19 healthy
      adults (mean age 29.2 years). All participants were in bed for 8h (sufficient
      sleep), and for <4h (insufficient sleep). The oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) level by a
      word fluency task was measured with a near-infrared spectroscopy recorder on the
      morning following sufficient and insufficient sleep periods. Wisconsin card
      sorting test, continuous performance test, N-back test, and driving performance
      were evaluated on the same days. The peak oxyHb level was significantly lower, in
      the left and right frontal lobes after insufficient sleep than after sufficient
      sleep (left: 0.25+/-0.13 vs. 0.74+/-0.33 mmol, P<0.001; right: 0.25+/-0.09 vs.
      0.69+/-0.44 mmol, P<0.01). The percentage of correct responses on CPT after
      insufficient sleep was significantly lower than that after sufficient sleep
      (96.1+/-4.5 vs. 86.6+/-9.8%, P<0.05). The brake reaction time in a harsh-braking
      test was significantly longer after insufficient sleep than after sufficient
      sleep (546.2+/-23.0 vs. 478.0+/-51.2 ms, P<0.05). Whereas there were no
      significant correlations between decrease in oxyHb and the changes of cognitive
      function or driving performance between insufficient sleep and sufficient sleep.
      One night of insufficient sleep affects daytime cognitive function and driving
      performance and this was accompanied by the changes of cortical oxygenation
      response.

PMID- 19969043
TI  - Partial recovery of hemiparesis following hemispherectomy in infant monkeys.
AB  - Hemiparesis, unilateral weakness or partial paralysis, is a common outcome
      following hemispherectomy in humans. We use the non-human primate as an
      invaluable translational model for our understanding of developmental plasticity
      in response to hemispherectomy. Three infant vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabeus)
      underwent hemispherectomy at a median age of 9 weeks and two additional monkeys
      at 48 months. Gross motor assessment was conducted in a large open field that
      contained a horizontal bar spanning the width of the cage. Subjects were assessed
      yearly following surgery in infantile lesions for a period of 3 years. Adult
      lesioned subjects were assessed 40 months following surgery. Shortly after
      surgery both infant and adult-lesioned subjects were unable to move the
      contralateral side of their body, but all subjects were able to walk within 6
      months following surgery. At each time point the lower limb gait was normal in
      infant-lesioned subjects with no apparent limp or dragging, however the upper
      limb demonstrated significant impairment. Horizontal bar crossing was
      significantly impaired during the first 24 months following surgery. Adult
      lesioned subjects also displayed upper limb movement impairments similar to
      infant-lesioned subjects. In addition the adult-lesioned subjects displayed a
      noticeable lower limb limp, which was not observed in the infant-lesioned group.
      Both groups at each time point showed a propensity for ipsiversive turning. The
      upper limb gait impairment and horizontal bar crossing of lesioned subjects are
      reminiscent of hemiparesis seen in hemisperectomized humans with the young
      lesioned subjects showing a greater propensity for recovery.

PMID- 19969044
TI  - Bioactive sesquiterpenes isolated from the essential oil of Dalbergia odorifera
      T. Chen.
AB  - Investigation of the essential oil from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera T.
      Chen afforded the sesquiterpenes 1 and 2, that both showed anti-platelet
      activity. Their backbones were totally the same only with subtle difference in
      the chiral centre. Additionally, antithrombotic and anti-platelet activities of
      these two compounds were measured. The results showed that the antithrombotic
      activity of these two compounds was poor, while their anti-platelet activity was
      strong at middle and high concentrations.

PMID- 19969045
TI  - Protection of chronic renal failure by a polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis.
AB  - A water-soluble polysaccharide (CPS-2), isolated from the cultured Cordyceps
      sinensis, was obtained by hot-water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation
      chromatography. Its structural characteristics were investigated by PMP pre
      column derivation, periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, FTIR and NMR
      spectroscopy. CPS-2 was found to be mostly of alpha-(1-->4)-D-glucose and alpha
      (1-->3)-D-mannose, branched with alpha-(1-->4,6)-D-glucose every twelve residues
      on average. CPS-2 had a molecular weight of 4.39x10(4) Da. The protective effect
      of CPS-2 on the model of chronic renal failure was established by fulgerizing
      kidney. The changes in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine revealed that CPS
      2 could significantly relieve renal failure caused by fulgerizing kidney.

PMID- 19969046
TI  - Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of industrial hemp
      varieties (Cannabis sativa L.).
AB  - The present study focused on inhibitory activity of freshly extracted essential
      oils from three legal (THC<0.2% w/v) hemp varieties (Carmagnola, Fibranova and
      Futura) on microbial growth. The effect of different sowing times on oil
      composition and biological activity was also evaluated. Essential oils were
      distilled and then characterized through the gas chromatography and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thereafter, the oils were compared to standard
      reagents on a broad range inhibition of microbial growth via minimum inhibitory
      concentration (MIC) assay. Microbial strains were divided into three groups: i)
      Gram (+) bacteria, which regard to food-borne pathogens or gastrointestinal
      bacteria, ii) Gram (-) bacteria and iii) yeasts, both being involved in plant
      interactions. The results showed that essential oils of industrial hemp can
      significantly inhibit the microbial growth, to an extent depending on variety and
      sowing time. It can be concluded that essential oils of industrial hemp,
      especially those of Futura, may have interesting applications to control spoilage
      and food-borne pathogens and phytopathogens microorganisms.

PMID- 19969047
TI  - Defining the stimulus--a memoir.
AB  - The eminent psychophysicist, S.S. Stevens, once remarked that, "the basic problem
      of psychology was the definition of the stimulus" (Stevens, 1951, p. 46). By
      expanding the traditional definition of the stimulus, the study of animal
      learning has metamorphosed into animal cognition. The main impetus for that
      change was the recognition that it is often necessary to postulate a
      representation between the traditional S and R of learning theory.
      Representations allow a subject to represent a stimulus it learned previously
      that is currently absent. Thus, in delayed matching-to-sample, one has to assume
      that a subject responds to a representation of the sample during test if it
      responds correctly. Other examples, to name but a few, include concept formation,
      spatial memory, serial memory, learning a numerical rule, imitation and
      metacognition. Whereas a representation used to be regarded as a mentalistic
      phenomenon that was unworthy of scientific inquiry, it can now be operationally
      defined. To accommodate representations, the traditional discriminative stimulus
      has to be expanded to allow for the role of representations. The resulting
      composite can account for a significantly larger portion of the variance of
      performance measures than the exteroceptive stimulus could by itself.

PMID- 19969048
TI  - Effects of training history on resurgence in humans.
AB  - This experiment assessed the effects of training history on resurgence in three
      college students. Four-choice arbitrary-matching-to-sample trials occurred in two
      components of a multiple schedule. An A1 or A2 sample stimulus and four (B)
      comparison stimuli occurred on AB trials, and a C1 or C2 sample stimulus and four
      (D) comparison stimuli occurred on CD trials. By the end of training, accuracy
      and latency measures were comparable across separate discriminations, selecting
      B2 in the presence of A2 and selecting D2 in the presence of C2, despite a
      lengthier training correlated with the former discrimination. Next, in the
      presence of A2 and C2, respectively, responses to B2 and D2 were extinguished and
      responses to B3 and D3 were reinforced. These responses to B3 and D3 then were
      extinguished in a final condition. In this final condition, resurgence to B2
      occurred for each participant, whereas resurgence to D2 occurred for only one
      participant. Thus, there was greater resurgence of the discrimination with the
      lengthier training history, despite the discriminations being similar in terms of
      accuracy and latency before extinction. This result, therefore, can be classified
      as a latent, or remote, behavioral history effect.

PMID- 19969049
TI  - The formation and execution of sequential plans in pigeons (Columba livia).
AB  - The ability to formulate and execute plans is a hallmark of human behaviour. Here
      we present evidence of planning in pigeons. Subjects were trained to respond to
      three geometric shapes in a prescribed order. Probe trials were then introduced
      in which, following a response to the first item, the on screen positions of the
      second and third item were exchanged. If subjects were planning a sequence of
      responses at the outset of a trial, we would expect reaction time to the second
      item to increase, reflecting the updating of a predetermined response plan. This
      is exactly what was found. Subjects also responded correctly on trials in which,
      following a response to the first item, stimuli were covered by opaque white
      squares. Together these results suggest pigeons are able to plan one step ahead
      on the simultaneous chaining paradigm.

PMID- 19969050
TI  - Dissecting the imitation faculty: the multiple imitation mechanisms (MIM)
      hypothesis.
AB  - Is the imitation faculty one self-contained domain-general mechanism or an
      amalgamation of multiple content-specific systems? The multiple imitation
      mechanisms (MIM) hypothesis posits that the imitation faculty consists of
      distinct content-specific psychological systems that are dissociable both
      structurally and functionally. This hypothesis is supported by research in the
      developmental, cognitive, comparative and neural sciences. This body of work
      suggests that there are dissociable imitation systems that may be distinguished
      by unique behavioral and neurobiological profiles. The distribution of these
      different imitation skills in the animal kingdom further suggests a phylogenetic
      dissociation, whereby some animals specialized in some (but not all possible)
      imitation types; a reflection of specific selection pressures favoring certain
      imitation systems. The MIM hypothesis attempts to bring together these different
      areas of research into one theoretical framework that defines imitation both
      functionally and structurally.

PMID- 19969051
TI  - Chymase mediates paraquat-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts.
AB  - Survivors of paraquat poisoning may be left with pulmonary fibrosis and a
      restrictive type of pulmonary dysfunction. Chymase converts angiotensin (Ang) I
      to Ang II, which is closely involved with lung fibrosis. The role played by
      chymase in paraquat-induced lung fibrosis is unclear. We examined the effects of
      paraquat on chymase, renin-angiotensin system components, and collagen expression
      in murine and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). Lung chymase and collagen type I
      mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased and angiotensin
      converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA and protein expression were comparable between the
      control and paraquat-treated mice 1 and 3 weeks after administration. Paraquat
      significantly upregulated angiotensinogen mRNA expression in a dose-dependent
      manner while ACE activity and protein expression were similar in MRC-5 cells.
      Furthermore, paraquat enhanced Ang II and collagen type I mRNA and protein
      expression, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and chymase protein and chymase small
      interfering RNA inhibited these effects. The cDNA sequence of chymase in MRC-5
      cells is identical to that in human mast cells. This study found increased
      chymase expression in paraquat-treated human lung fibroblasts and confirmed in
      vitro and in an in vivo paraquat model of lung fibrosis that chymase generates
      Ang II and enhances collagen expression. These data suggest a role for chymase in
      the pathogenesis of paraquat-induced lung fibrosis.

PMID- 19969052
TI  - Compaction properties, drug release kinetics and fronts movement studies from
      matrices combining mixtures of swellable and inert polymers. II. Effect of HPMC
      with different degrees of methoxy/hydroxypropyl substitution.
AB  - The aim of this paper is the modification of the release behaviour of hydrophilic
      HPMC-based matrices of different substitution degree (E4M, F4M, K4M) by the
      introduction of a new inert polymeric excipient hydroxypropylcellulose-methyl
      methacrylate (HCMMA) at different proportions (75:25, 50:50 and 25:75). The
      product (HCMMA) was dried either in a vacuum oven--OD copolymers--or freeze-dried
      FD copolymers. HPMC E4M formulations showed the worst compaction properties. All
      mixtures presented a percentage of theophylline release between 47% and 32% at
      1440 min. The drying methods employed had only influence over the drug release in
      E4M and K4M formulations, at higher proportions of HCMMA, showing the highest
      release the mixtures containing OD-HCMMA. Combinations of diffusion and erosion
      release mechanisms were found to matrix tablets. All mixtures with F4M did not
      modify relaxation rate constant values of Peppas and Shalin equation (k(r))
      respect to F4M 100%. However, all mixtures with K4M showed the highest k(r)
      values, which decreased when HCMMA proportion decreased. Only K4M mixtures showed
      a different diffusion front movement than the other mixtures. The modulation of
      theophylline monoaxial release was obtained using a high percentage of HCMMA, and
      HPMCs with a substantial difference of hydroxypropyl groups (F4M and K4M or E4M).

PMID- 19969053
TI  - Biochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of PEGylated uricase.
AB  - PEGylation is a successful strategy for improving the biochemical and
      biopharmaceutical properties of proteins and peptides through the covalent
      attachment of polyethylene glycol chains. In this work, purified recombinant
      uricase from Candida sp. (UC-r) was modified by PEGylation with
      metoxypolyethilenoglycol-p-nitrophenyl-carbonate (mPEG-pNP) and
      metoxypolyethyleneglycol-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine (mPEG-CN). The UC-r-mPEG-pNP and
      UC-r-mPEG-CN conjugates retained 87% and 75% enzyme activity respectively. The
      K(M) values obtained 2.7x10(-5) M (mPEG-pNP) or 3.0x10(-5) M (mPEG-CN) for the
      conjugates as compared to 5.4x10(-5) M for the native UC-r, suggesting
      enhancement in the substrate affinity of the enzyme attached. The effects of pH
      and temperature on PEGylated UC-r indicated that the conjugates were more active
      at close physiological pH and were stable up to 70 degrees C. Spectroscopic study
      performed by circular dichroism at 20 degrees C and 50 degrees C did not show any
      relevant difference in protein structure between native and PEGylated UC-r. In
      rabbit and Balb/c mice, the native UC-r elicited an intense immune response being
      highly immunogenic. On the other hand, the PEGylated UC-r when injected
      chronically in mice did not induce any detectable antibody response. This
      indicates sufficient reduction of the immunogenicity this enzyme by mPEG-pNP or
      mPEG-CN conjugation, making it suitable for a possible therapeutical use.

PMID- 19969054
TI  - Liposomes as delivery systems for antibiotics.
AB  - Liposomes are currently in common use as universal drug carriers in the cosmetic
      and pharmaceutical industries. The manipulation of different physicochemical
      properties of liposomes enables the design of particular carriers with the
      desired pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Most studies regarding
      liposomal antibiotics deal with aminoglycosides, quinolones, polypeptides, and
      betalactames. Some of the studies focused on improving pharmacokinetics and
      reducing toxicity, while others involved enhancing antibacterial activity. In an
      era of an avalanche of increasing bacterial resistance and severe problems in
      treating bacterial infections, the application of liposomal antibiotic carriers
      could be useful, but the high cost of liposome preparation and treatment should
      also be considered.

PMID- 19969055
TI  - Formulation design for optimal high-shear wet granulation using on-line torque
      measurements.
AB  - An alternative procedure for achieving formulation design in a high-shear wet
      granulation process has been developed. Particularly, a new formulation map has
      been proposed which describes the onset of a significant granule growth as a
      function of the formulation variables (diluent, dry and liquid binder). Granule
      growth has been monitored using on-line impeller torque and evaluated as changes
      in granule particle size distribution with respect to the dry formulation. It is
      shown how the onset of granule growth is denoted by an abrupt increase in the
      torque value requires the amount of binder liquid added to be greater than a
      certain threshold that is identified here as 'minimum liquid volume'. This
      minimum liquid volume is determined as a function of dry binder type, amount,
      hygroscopicity and particle size distribution of diluent. It is also demonstrated
      how this formulation map can be constructed from independent measurements of
      binder glass transition temperatures using a static humidity conditioning system.

PMID- 19969056
TI  - Experimental investigation of rotational tomography in reconstructed middle ears
      with clinical implications.
AB  - A large air-bone-gap after ossiculoplasty may be due to a malpositioned or
      displaced prosthesis. Rotational tomography (RT) has the potential to provide
      high-resolution images of implants without artifacts and with less radiation
      dosage than CT scan. Twenty-seven temporal bone specimens underwent measurements
      of middle ear transfer function using Laser-Doppler-Vibrometry (LDV) before and
      after placement of ossicular replacement prostheses (PORPs, TORPs) made of
      titanium. RT was performed on all specimens. RT allowed 3-dimensional viewing of
      the temporal bone, accurate localization of implants within the reconstructed
      middle ear and determination of angles between the inserted prostheses and the
      tympanic membrane (TM) and/or the malleus handle (MH). Presence or absence of
      contact between the implant and the TM, malleus or stapes could be clearly
      visualized. Displaced prostheses were readily identified. The functional LDV
      measurements for TORPs showed a trend favoring coupling to the malleus handle,
      while for PORPs, coupling to the TM was favored. For PORPs, sound transmission
      was worse with increasing angles between the PORP and stapes superstructure
      (p<0.05). Following our experimental results RT is an innovative, relevant and
      useful imaging technique to obtain immediate postoperative feedback after
      ossicular reconstruction and to precisely determine the position of middle ear
      implants.

PMID- 19969057
TI  - A comparison of knowledge about medicinal plants for three rural communities in
      the semi-arid region of northeast of Brazil.
AB  - AIM: The aim of this research was to understand the importance of native and
      exotic plants in local medical systems in the Caatinga of the Brazilian
      northeast, and the influence of socio-economic factors on the acquisition of
      knowledge about these resources. METHODS: A total of 55 people were interviewed
      in three rural communities using free list and semi-structured interviewes.
      RESULTS: A total of 108 ethnospecies were reported, 99 of which were identified;
      43 of these were preferred by informants. Most of the plants cited were exotic
      (51) but the difference in diversity among these plants and native plants (48)
      was not considered significant (p>0.05). The exotic plants were predominantly
      herbaceous and used to cure diseases that native plants did not seem to treat.
      There were no differences between men's and women's knowledge of the plants
      (p>0.05). However, for some communities, factors such as age and income were
      correlated with the number of citations and indications for plants, which
      suggested that older people and those with higher income levels had more
      knowledge about these properties. CONCLUSION: The data presented in this study
      showed the importance of exotic species in the region studied and demonstrated
      that plant knowledge can be perceived as a way to diversify options for medical
      treatment in the area.

PMID- 19969058
TI  - Bee venom suppresses PMA-mediated MMP-9 gene activation via JNK/p38 and NF-kappaB
      dependent mechanisms.
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bee venom has been used for the treatment of
      inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and for the relief of pain in
      traditional oriental medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to
      elucidate the effects of bee venom on MMP-9 expression and determine possible
      mechanisms by which bee venom relieves or prevents the expression of MMP-9 during
      invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. We examined the expression and
      activity of MMP-9 and possible signaling pathway affected in PMA-induced MCF-7
      cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bee venom was obtained from the National Institute
      of Agricultural Science and Technology of Korea. Matrigel invasion assay, wound
      healing assay, zymography assay, western blot assay, electrophoretic mobility
      shift assay and luciferase gene assay were used for assessment. RESULTS: Bee
      venom inhibited cell invasion and migration, and also suppressed MMP-9 activity
      and expression, processes related to tumor invasion and metastasis, in PMA
      induced MCF-7 cells. Bee venom specifically suppressed the phosphorylation of
      p38/JNK and at the same time, suppressed the protein expression, DNA binding and
      promoter activity of NF-kappaB. The levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and c-Jun did
      not change. We also investigated MMP-9 inhibition by melittin, apamin and PLA(2),
      representative single component of bee venom. We confirmed that PMA-induced MMP-9
      activity was significantly decreased by melittin, but not by apamin and
      phospholipase A(2). These data demonstrated that the expression of MMP-9 was
      abolished by melittin, the main component of bee venom. CONCLUSION: Bee venom
      inhibits PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity by inhibition of NF-kappaB via
      p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways in MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that
      bee venom can be a potential anti-metastatic and anti-invasive agent. This useful
      effect may lead to future clinical research on the anti-cancer properties of bee
      venom.

PMID- 19969059
TI  - Pharmacological and phytochemical study on a Sisymbrium officinale Scop. extract.
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The aerial parts of Sisymbrium officinale Scop.
      are commonly used to treat airway ailments, moreover in antiquity the herbal drug
      was reputed to possess anticancer properties. The results obtained in present
      work support the traditional use and the properties ascribed to Sisymbrium
      officinale. AIM OF THE STUDY: In order to give a scientific basis to the
      traditional uses of Sisymbrium officinale, this study was aimed to evaluate in
      vitro the myorelaxant activity, the antimicrobial properties and the
      antimutagenic effect of an aqueous dry extract of the aerial parts of the plant.
      A phytochemical characterization of the extract was also performed. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: The myorelaxant activity was studied against the contractions induced by
      carbachol, histamine and leukotriene C(4), in isolated guinea-pig trachea. The
      antimicrobial activity was tested against six bacteria and one yeast. The Ames
      test, performed by the preincubation method, was used to study the antimutagenic
      activity of the extract by its capability to inhibit the mutagenic effect of 2
      nitrofluorene, sodium azide, methyl methanesulfonate and 2-aminoanthracene, in
      Salmonella typhimurium TA98, Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Escherichia coli
      WP2uvrA strains. The chemical composition of the extract was analyzed by TLC and
      HPLC. RESULTS: Sisymbrium officinale showed to reduce the chemically-induced
      contractions of isolated guinea-pig trachea with major potency against
      leukotriene C(4) and histamine. The extract did not show any antibacterial
      activity. The Ames test showed a strong antimutagenic activity against 2
      aminoanthracene, in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA and in Salmonella typhimurium TA98
      strains. The phytochemical study highlighted the presence of putranjivine, the
      glucosinolate marker of Sisymbrium officinale, and of proline. CONCLUSIONS: The
      myorelaxant activity of Sisymbrium officinale offers a scientific basis to its
      use in traditional medicine. The strong antimutagenic effect suggests further
      studies to evaluate its possible chemopreventive activity.

PMID- 19969060
TI  - Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs.
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally
      reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the
      validity of such claims. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine
      if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six Dorper x Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to
      three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna
      replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5mg/kg body
      weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12
      lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3
      lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious
      Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks. RESULTS: Levamisole
      treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%.
      Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm
      counts, though numerical (P>0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were
      evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by
      treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in
      lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to
      eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.

PMID- 19969061
TI  - Effects of Gekko sulfated polysaccharide-protein complex on human hepatoma SMMC
      7721 cells: inhibition of proliferation and migration.
AB  - AIM OF THE STUDY: Gekko swinhonis Guenther has been used as an anti-cancer drug
      in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years. Here we investigated the
      structural characterization and anti-cancer effects of sulfated polysaccharide
      protein complex (GSPP) isolated from Gekko swinhonis Guenther. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: The structure of GSPP was characterized by high performance liquid
      chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, beta
      elimination reaction, and NMR spectroscopy. SMMC-7721 cells were used to assess
      the influence of GSPP on hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell proliferation and
      survival was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. Cell migration was
      performed by wound-healing and transwell assay. The secretion of IL-8 was
      detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Flow cytometry was used to
      analyze intracellular calcium concentration, as well as cell cycle distribution
      and apoptosis. Confocal microscopy was used to assess the localization and
      configuration of actin filaments. RESULTS: GSPP was chemically characterized as a
      sulfated polysaccharide-protein complex with O-glycopeptide linkages. Our results
      showed that GSPP inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and blocked cells
      in the S phase. No direct toxicity against cells was observed. Furthermore, GSPP
      inhibited the migration of SMMC-7721 cells with the reduction of intracellular
      calcium. Actin filaments were polymerized and accumulated in the cytoplasm of the
      treated cells, whereas the secretion of IL-8 was not significantly changed after
      GSPP exposure. CONCLUSION: We describe an identified sulfated polysaccharide
      protein complex, and demonstrate its direct effect on hepatocellular carcinoma
      cell migration via calcium-mediated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton
      reorganization.

PMID- 19969062
TI  - Bioconjugated quantum dots for cancer research: present status, prospects and
      remaining issues.
AB  - Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles in which charge carriers are
      three dimensionally confined or quantum confined. The quantum confinement
      provides size-tunable absorption bands and emission color to QDs. Also, the
      photoluminescence (PL) of QDs is exceptionally bright and stable, making them
      potential candidates for biomedical imaging and therapeutic interventions.
      Although fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer have many
      advantages over imaging using ionizing radiations and chemo and radiation
      therapies, advancement of PDT is limited due to the poor availability of
      photostable and NIR fluorophores and photosensitizing (PS) drugs. With the
      introduction of biocompatible and NIR QDs, fluorescence imaging and PDT of cancer
      have received new dimensions and drive. In this review, we summarize the
      prospects of QDs for imaging and PDT of cancer. Specifically, synthesis of
      visible and NIR QDs, targeting cancer cells with QDs, in vitro and in vivo cancer
      imaging, multimodality, preparation of QD-PS conjugates and their energy
      transfer, photosensitized production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), and
      the prospects and remaining issues in the advancement of QD probes for imaging
      and PDT of cancer are summarized.

PMID- 19969063
TI  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and beta-naphthoflavone induce cellular
      hypertrophy in H9c2 cells by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependant mechanism.
AB  - Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It contains
      thousands of compounds that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In
      addition, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most potent AhR ligand,
      has been shown to cause cardiotoxic effects in several in vivo models. Although
      induction of CYP1 family is the most important effect of AhR activation, the role
      of CYP1 induction in mediating the cardiotoxic effect of TCDD is usually
      overlooked. Therefore, we investigated whether AhR activation causes a
      hypertrophic effect in H9c2 cells and we related this effect to changes in CYP
      gene expression. In the current study, the cardiac derived H9c2 cells were
      treated with two AhR ligands, TCDD and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), for 24 and 48h.
      The expression of the hypertrophic markers, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and
      brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and several CYP genes were measured by real-time
      PCR. Treatment of H9c2 cells with TCDD or BNF for 24h caused a significant
      induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP4A1; however, there was no change in the
      expression of other genes. On the other hand, treatment of the cells with TCDD or
      BNF for 48h caused a significant induction of the hypertrophic markers, ANP and
      BNP, and several CYP genes such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, CYP2J3, and CYP4F4
      parallel to a significant increase in the cell surface area. Neither TCDD nor BNF
      increased the oxidative stress in H9c2 cells at all concentrations tested.
      Interestingly, resveratrol, an AhR antagonist, protected the cells from TCDD
      induced hypertrophy. In conclusion, AhR ligands caused a hypertrophic effect in
      H9c2 cells which was associated with induction of several CYP genes which can be
      prevented by resveratrol.

PMID- 19969064
TI  - Silver nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type mechanism.
AB  - Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied in many household products and
      medical uses. However, studies on the effects of AgNPs on human health and
      environmental implications are in the beginning stage. Furthermore, most data on
      the toxicity of AgNPs have been generated using nanoparticles modified with
      detergents to prevent agglomeration, which may alter their toxicities. In this
      study, we studied toxicity using AgNPs prepared by dispersing them in fetal
      bovine serum (FBS), biocompatible materials. AgNPs (average size; 68.9 nm,
      concentrations; 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 ppm, exposure time; 24, 48, 72, and 96h)
      showed cytotoxicity to cultured RAW264.7 cells by increasing sub G1 fraction,
      which indicates cellular apoptosis. AgNPs decreased intracellular glutathione
      level, increased NO secretion, increased TNF-alpha in protein and gene levels,
      and increased gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-11, and
      MMP-19). When cells were treated with AgNPs, they were observed in the cytosol of
      the activated cells, but were not observed in the dead cells. It seemed that
      AgNPs were ionized in the cells to cause cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type
      mechanism suggested by previously reported studies.

PMID- 19969066
TI  - Estrogen down-regulates uncoupling proteins and increases oxidative stress in
      breast cancer.
AB  - Oxidative stress has been postulated as one of the mechanisms underlying the
      estrogen carcinogenic effect in breast cancer. Estrogens are known to increase
      mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) by an unknown mechanism.
      Given that uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are key regulators of mitochondrial energy
      efficiency and ROS production, our aim was to check the presence and activity of
      UCPs in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells and
      tumors, as well as their relation to oxidative stress. Estrogen (1 nM) induced
      higher oxidative stress in the ER-positive MCF-7 cell line, showing increased
      mitochondrial membrane potential, H(2)O(2) levels, and DNA and protein damage
      compared to ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. All isoforms of uncoupling proteins
      were highly expressed in ER-positive breast cancer cells and tumors compared to
      negative ones. ROS production in mitochondria isolated from MCF-7 was increased
      by inhibition of UCPs with GDP, but not in mitochondria from MDA-MB-231. Estrogen
      treatment decreased uncoupling protein and catalase levels in MCF-7 and decreased
      GDP-dependent ROS production in isolated mitochondria. On the whole, these
      results suggest that estrogens, through an ER-dependent mechanism, may increase
      mitochondrial ROS production by repressing uncoupling proteins, which offers a
      new perspective on the understanding of why estrogens are a risk factor for
      breast cancer.

PMID- 19969065
TI  - Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke alters gene expression in the
      developing murine hippocampus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of passive smoke exposures on the
      developing brain. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to identify
      changes in gene expression in the murine hippocampus as a consequence of in utero
      exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke (an experimental equivalent of
      environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)) at exposure levels that do not result in fetal
      growth inhibition. METHODS: A whole body smoke inhalation exposure system was
      utilized to deliver ETS to pregnant C57BL/6J mice for 6 h/day from gestational
      days 6-17 (gd 6-17) [for microarray] or gd 6-18.5 [for fetal phenotyping].
      RESULTS: There were no significant effects of ETS exposure on fetal phenotype.
      However, 61 "expressed" genes in the gd 18.5 fetal hippocampus were
      differentially regulated (up- or down-regulated by 1.5-fold or greater) by
      maternal exposure to ETS. Of these 61 genes, 25 genes were upregulated while 36
      genes were down-regulated. A systems biology approach, including computational
      methodologies, identified cellular response pathways, and biological themes,
      underlying altered fetal programming of the embryonic hippocampus by in utero
      cigarette smoke exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study suggest
      that even in the absence of effects on fetal growth, prenatal smoke exposure can
      alter gene expression during the "early" period of hippocampal growth and may
      result in abnormal hippocampal morphology, connectivity, and function.

PMID- 19969067
TI  - Oxidative stress in ALS: key role in motor neuron injury and therapeutic target.
AB  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder
      characterized by death of motor neurons leading to muscle wasting, paralysis, and
      death, usually within 2-3 years of symptom onset. The causes of ALS are not
      completely understood, and the neurodegenerative processes involved in disease
      progression are diverse and complex. There is substantial evidence implicating
      oxidative stress as a central mechanism by which motor neuron death occurs,
      including elevated markers of oxidative damage in ALS patient spinal cord and
      cerebrospinal fluid and mutations in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase
      1 (SOD1) causing approximately 20% of familial ALS cases. However, the precise
      mechanism(s) by which mutant SOD1 leads to motor neuron degeneration has not been
      defined with certainty, and the ultimate trigger for increased oxidative stress
      in non-SOD1 cases remains unclear. Although some antioxidants have shown
      potential beneficial effects in animal models, human clinical trials of
      antioxidant therapies have so far been disappointing. Here, the evidence
      implicating oxidative stress in ALS pathogenesis is reviewed, along with how
      oxidative damage triggers or exacerbates other neurodegenerative processes, and
      we review the trials of a variety of antioxidants as potential therapies for ALS.

PMID- 19969068
TI  - Iron induces protection and necrosis in cultured cardiomyocytes: Role of reactive
      oxygen species and nitric oxide.
AB  - We investigate here the role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in iron
      induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy or cell death. Cultured rat cardiomyocytes
      incubated with 20 microM iron (added as FeCl(3)-Na nitrilotriacetate, Fe-NTA)
      displayed hypertrophy features that included increased protein synthesis and cell
      size, plus realignment of F-actin filaments along with sarcomeres and activation
      of the atrial natriuretic factor gene promoter. Incubation with higher Fe-NTA
      concentrations (100 microM) produced cardiomyocyte death by necrosis. Incubation
      for 24 h with Fe-NTA (20-40 microM) or the nitric oxide donor Delta-nonoate
      increased iNOS mRNA but decreased iNOS protein levels; under these conditions,
      iron stimulated the activity and the dimerization of iNOS. Fe-NTA (20 microM)
      promoted short- and long-term generation of reactive oxygen species, whereas
      preincubation with l-arginine suppressed this response. Preincubation with 20
      microM Fe-NTA also attenuated the necrotic cell death triggered by 100 microM Fe
      NTA, suggesting that these preincubation conditions have cardioprotective
      effects. Inhibition of iNOS activity with 1400 W enhanced iron-induced ROS
      generation and prevented both iron-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and
      cardioprotection. In conclusion, we propose that Fe-NTA (20 microM) stimulates
      iNOS activity and that the enhanced NO production, by promoting hypertrophy and
      enhancing survival mechanisms through ROS reduction, is beneficial to
      cardiomyocytes. At higher concentrations, however, iron triggers cardiomyocyte
      death by necrosis.

PMID- 19969069
TI  - Rutin metabolites: novel inhibitors of nonoxidative advanced glycation end
      products.
AB  - Glycation is a nonenzymatic condensation reaction between reducing sugars and
      amino groups of proteins that undergo rearrangements to stable ketoamines,
      leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) including
      fluorescent (argpyrimidine) and nonfluorescent (N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine;
      CML) protein adducts and protein cross-links. AGEs are formed via protein
      glycation and correlate with processes resulting in aging and diabetes
      complications. Reactive carbonyl species such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal are
      ubiquitous by-products of cell metabolism that potently induce the formation of
      AGEs by nonenzymatic protein glycation and may achieve plasma concentrations of
      0.3-1.5 micromol/L. In this in vitro study histone H1 glycation by glyoxal,
      methylglyoxal, or ADP-ribose was used to model nonoxidative protein glycation,
      permitting us to distinguish specific AGE inhibition from general antioxidant
      action. Rutin derivatives were tested as AGE inhibitors because rutin, a common
      dietary flavonoid that is consumed in fruits, vegetables, and plant-derived
      beverages, is metabolized by gut microflora to a range of phenolic compounds that
      are devoid of significant antioxidant activity and achieve blood concentrations
      in the mumol/L range. Our data show that in a 1:1 stoichiometry with glyoxal or
      methylglyoxal, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) and 3,4-dihydroxytoluene
      (DHT) are powerful inhibitors of CML and argpyrimidine histone H1 adduct
      formation, respectively. Furthermore, when DHPAA and DHT were tested as
      inhibitors of histone H1 glycation by the powerful glycating agent ADP-ribose,
      they inhibited glycation as effectively as aminoguanidine. These results suggest
      that dietary flavonoids may serve as effective AGE inhibitors and suggest
      mechanisms whereby fruit- and vegetable-rich diets contribute to the prevention
      of processes resulting in aging and diabetes complications.

PMID- 19969070
TI  - Oxidative damage in Parkinson disease: Measurement using accurate biomarkers.
AB  - Oxidative damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease
      (PD) but the literature data are confusing. Using products of lipid and DNA
      oxidation measured by accurate methods, we assessed the extent of oxidative
      damage in PD patients. The levels of plasma F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs),
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid products (HETEs), cholesterol oxidation products,
      neuroprostanes (F(4)-NPs), phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and platelet activating
      factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities, urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
      (8-OHdG), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were compared in 61 PD
      patients and 61 age-matched controls. The levels of plasma F(2)-IsoPs, HETEs,
      7beta-and 27-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, F(4)-NPs, and urinary 8-OHdG
      were elevated, whereas the levels of plasma PLA(2) and PAF-AH activities were
      lower, in PD patients compared to controls (p< 0.05). The levels of plasma F(2)
      IsoPs, HETEs, and urinary 8-OHdG were higher in the early stages of PD (p trend<
      0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the cumulative intake
      of levodopa and urinary 8-OHdG (r= -0.305, p= 0.023) and plasma total HETEs (r= 
      0.285, p= 0.043). Oxidative damage markers are systemically elevated in PD, which
      may give clues about the relation of oxidative damage to the onset and
      progression of PD.

PMID- 19969071
TI  - Oxygen regulates the effective diffusion distance of nitric oxide in the aortic
      wall.
AB  - Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is critical in maintaining vascular tone.
      Accumulating evidence shows that NO bioavailability is regulated by oxygen
      concentration. However, it is unclear to what extent the oxygen concentration
      regulates NO bioavailability in the vascular wall. In this study, a recently
      developed experimental setup was used to measure the NO diffusion flux across the
      aortic wall at various oxygen concentrations. It was observed that for a constant
      NO concentration at the endothelial surface, the measured NO diffusion flux out
      of the adventitial surface at [O(2)]=0 microM is around fivefold greater than at
      [O(2)]=150 microM, indicating that NO is consumed in the aortic wall in an oxygen
      dependent manner. Analysis of experimental data shows that the rate of NO
      consumption in the aortic wall is first order with respect to [NO] and first
      order with respect to [O(2)], and the rate constant k(1) was determined as (4.0+/
      0.3) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). Computer simulations demonstrate that NO concentration
      distribution significantly changes with oxygen concentration and the effective NO
      diffusion distance at low oxygen level ([O(2)] < or =25 microM) is significantly
      longer than that at high oxygen level ([O(2)]=200 microM). These results suggest
      that oxygen-dependent NO consumption may play an important role in dilating blood
      vessels during hypoxia by increasing the effective NO diffusion distance.

PMID- 19969072
TI  - Cannabinoid-2 receptor limits inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and
      cell death in nephropathy.
AB  - Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic agent; however, its nephrotoxicity
      limits its clinical use. Enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative/nitrosative
      stress seem to play a key role in the development of cisplatin-induced
      nephropathy. Activation of cannabinoid-2 (CB(2)) receptors with selective
      agonists exerts anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects in various
      disease models. We have investigated the role of CB(2) receptors in cisplatin
      induced nephrotoxicity using the selective CB(2) receptor agonist HU-308 and
      CB(2) knockout mice. Cisplatin significantly increased inflammation (leukocyte
      infiltration, CXCL1/2, MCP-1, TNFalpha, and IL-1beta levels) and expression of
      adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and superoxide-generating enzymes NOX2, NOX4, and NOX1
      and enhanced ROS generation, iNOS expression, nitrotyrosine formation, and
      apoptotic and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent cell death in the kidneys of
      mice, associated with marked histopathological damage and impaired renal function
      (elevated serum BUN and creatinine levels) 3 days after the administration of the
      drug. CB(2) agonist attenuated the cisplatin-induced inflammatory response,
      oxidative/nitrosative stress, and cell death in the kidney and improved renal
      function, whereas CB(2) knockouts developed enhanced inflammation and tissue
      injury. Thus, the endocannabinoid system, through CB(2) receptors, protects
      against cisplatin-induced kidney damage by attenuating inflammation and
      oxidative/nitrosative stress, and selective CB(2) agonists may represent a
      promising novel approach to preventing this devastating complication of
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 19969073
TI  - The effects of disruption of genes for peroxiredoxin-2, glutathione peroxidase-1,
      and catalase on erythrocyte oxidative metabolism.
AB  - Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2), a potent peroxide reductant, is the third most abundant
      protein in the erythrocyte and might be expected to play a major role in the
      cell's oxidative defenses. However, in this study, experiments with erythrocytes
      from mice with a disrupted Prdx2 gene found that the cells were not more
      sensitive to exogenous H(2)O(2) or organic peroxides than wild type.
      Intraerythrocytic H(2)O(2) was increased, however, indicating an important role
      for Prdx2 in detoxifying endogenously generated H(2)O(2). These results are
      consistent with proposals that red cell Prdx2 acts stoichiometrically, not
      catalytically, in reducing peroxides. Additional experiments with mice with
      disrupted catalase or glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) genes showed that Gpx1 is the
      only erythrocyte enzyme that reduces organic peroxides. Catalase(-/-) cells were
      readily oxidized by exogenous H(2)O(2). Cells lacking both catalase and Gpx1 were
      more sensitive to exogenous H(2)O(2) than cells lacking only catalase. A kinetic
      model proposed earlier to rationalize results with Gpx1(-/-) erythrocytes also
      fits the data with Prdx2(-/-) cells and indicates that although Gpx1 and Prdx2
      both participate in removing endogenous H(2)O(2), Prdx2 plays a larger role.
      Although the rate of H(2)O(2) production in the red cell is quite low, Prdx2
      deficient mice are anemic, suggesting an important role in erythropoiesis.

PMID- 19969075
TI  - Arjunolic acid, a triterpenoid saponin, prevents acetaminophen (APAP)-induced
      liver and hepatocyte injury via the inhibition of APAP bioactivation and JNK
      mediated mitochondrial protection.
AB  - Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug and is safe
      at therapeutic doses but its overdose frequently causes liver injury. In earlier
      studies, we demonstrated that arjunolic acid (AA) has a protective effect against
      chemically induced hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to explore
      whether AA plays any protective role against APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity
      and, if so, what molecular pathways it utilizes for the mechanism of its
      protective action. Exposure of rats to a hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen (700
      mg/kg, ip) altered a number of biomarkers (related to hepatic oxidative stress),
      increased reactive oxygen species production, reduced cellular adenosine
      triphosphate level, and induced necrotic cell death. Arjunolic acid pretreatment
      (80 mg/kg, orally), on the other hand, afforded significant protection against
      liver injury. Arjunolic acid also prevented acetaminophen-induced hepatic
      glutathione depletion and APAP metabolite formation although arjunolic acid
      itself did not affect hepatic glutathione levels. The results suggest that this
      preventive action of arjunolic acid is due to the metabolic inhibition of
      specific forms of cytochrome P450 that activate acetaminophen to N-acetyl-p
      benzoquinone imine. In addition, administration of arjunolic acid 4 h after
      acetaminophen intoxication reduced acetaminophen-induced JNK and downstream Bcl-2
      and Bcl-xL phosphorylation, thus protecting against mitochondrial
      permeabilization, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c
      release. In conclusion, the data suggest that arjunolic acid affords protection
      against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of P450-mediated
      APAP bioactivation and inhibition of JNK-mediated activation of mitochondrial
      permeabilization.

PMID- 19969074
TI  - Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 in rat spleen after aniline exposure.
AB  - The splenic toxicity of aniline is characterized by vascular congestion,
      hyperplasia, fibrosis, and the development of a variety of sarcomas in rats.
      However, the underlying mechanisms by which aniline elicits splenotoxic response
      are not well understood. Previously we have shown that aniline exposure causes
      oxidative damage to the spleen. To further explore the oxidative mechanism of
      aniline toxicity, we evaluated the potential contribution of heme oxygenase-1 (HO
      1), which catalyzes heme degradation and releases free iron. Male SD rats were
      given 1 mmol/kg/day aniline in water by gavage for 1, 4, or 7 days, and
      respective controls received water only. Aniline exposure led to significant
      increases in HO-1 mRNA expression in the spleen (2-and 2.4-fold at days 4 and 7,
      respectively) with corresponding increases in protein expression, as confirmed by
      ELISA and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical assessment of
      spleen showed stronger immunostaining for HO-1 in the spleens of rats treated for
      7 days, confined mainly to the red pulp areas. No changes were observed in mRNA
      and protein levels of HO-1 after 1 day exposure. The increase in HO-1 expression
      was associated with increases in total iron (2.4-and 2.7-fold), free iron (1.9
      and 3.5-fold), and ferritin levels (1.9-and 2.1-fold) at 4 and 7 days of aniline
      exposure. Our data suggest that HO-1 up-regulation in aniline-induced splenic
      toxicity could be a contributing pro-oxidant mechanism, mediated through iron
      release, and leading to oxidative damage.

PMID- 19969076
TI  - Formation of methionine sulfoxide by peroxynitrite at position 1606 of von
      Willebrand factor inhibits its cleavage by ADAMTS-13: A new prothrombotic
      mechanism in diseases associated with oxidative stress.
AB  - An enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite occurs in
      several clinical settings including diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke,
      sepsis, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Peroxynitrite oxidizes methionine and
      tyrosine residues to methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT),
      respectively. Notably, ADAMTS-13 cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) exclusively
      at the Tyr1605-Met1606 peptide bond in the A2 domain. We hypothesized that
      peroxynitrite could oxidize either or both of these amino acid residues, thus
      potentially affecting ADAMTS-13-mediated cleavage. We tested our hypothesis using
      synthetic peptide substrates based on: (1) VWF Asp1596-Ala1669 sequence (VWF74)
      and (2) VWF Asp1596-Ala1669 sequence containing nitrotyrosine (VWF74-NT) or
      methionine sulfoxide (VWF74-MetSO) at position 1605 or 1606, respectively. The
      peptides were treated with recombinant ADAMTS-13 and the cleavage products
      analyzed by RP-HPLC. VWF74 oxidized by peroxynitrite underwent a severe
      impairment of its hydrolysis. Likewise, VWF74-MetSO was minimally hydrolyzed,
      whereas VWF74-NT was hydrolyzed slightly more efficiently than VWF74. Oxidation
      by peroxynitrite of purified VWF multimers inhibited ADAMTS-13 hydrolysis, but
      did not alter their electrophoretic pattern nor their ability to induce platelet
      agglutination by ristocetin. Moreover, VWF purified from type 2 diabetic patients
      showed oxidative damage, as revealed by enhanced carbonyl, NT, and MetSO content
      and was partially resistant to ADAMTS-13 hydrolysis. In conclusion, peroxynitrite
      may contribute to prothrombotic effects, hindering the proteolytic processing by
      ADAMTS-13 of high-molecular-weight VWF multimers, which have the highest ability
      to bind and activate platelets in the microcirculation.

PMID- 19969077
TI  - Conditional control of the differentiation competence of pancreatic endocrine and
      ductal cells by Fgf10.
AB  - Fgf10 is a critical component of mesenchymal-to-epithelial signaling during
      endodermal development. In the Fgf10 null pancreas, the embryonic progenitor
      population fails to expand, while ectopic Fgf10 expression forces progenitor
      arrest and organ hyperplasia. Using a conditional Fgf10 gain-of-function model,
      we observed that the timing of Fgf10 expression affected the cellular competence
      of the arrested pancreatic progenitors. We present evidence that the Fgf10
      arrested progenitor state is reversible and that terminal differentiation resumes
      upon cessation of Fgf10 production. However, competence towards the individual
      pancreatic cell lineages depended upon the gestational time of when Fgf10
      expression was attenuated. This revealed a competence window of endocrine and
      ductal cell formation that coincided with the pancreatic secondary transition
      between E13.5 and E15.5. We demonstrate that maintaining the Fgf10-arrested state
      during this period leads to permanent loss of competence for the endocrine and
      ductal cell fates. However, competence of the arrested progenitors towards the
      exocrine cell fate was retained throughout the secondary transition. Sustained
      Fgf10 expression caused irreversible loss of Ngn3 expression, which may underlie
      the loss of endocrine competence. Maintenance of exocrine competence may be
      attributable to continuous Ptf1a expression in the Fgf10-arrested progenitors.
      This may explain the rapid induction of Bhlhb8, a normally distalized cell
      intrinsic marker, following loss of ectopic Fgf10 expression. We conclude that
      the window for endocrine and ductal cell competence ceases during the secondary
      transition in pancreatic development.

PMID- 19969078
TI  - Pharmacokinetics evaluation of soft agglomerates for prompt delivery of enteric
      pantoprazole-loaded microparticles.
AB  - Soft agglomerates containing pantoprazole-loaded microparticles were developed
      with the aim of prompt delivery of gastro-resistant particles. The objective was
      to evaluate the relative bioavailability in dogs after the oral administration of
      soft agglomerates. Gastro-resistant pantoprazole-loaded microparticles prepared
      by spray drying were mixed with mannitol/lecithin spray-dried powder and
      agglomerated by vibration. One single oral dose (40mg) was administered to dogs.
      Each dog received either a reference tablet or hard gelatin capsules containing
      the agglomerates. The plasma profiles were evaluated by non-compartmental and
      compartmental approaches, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The
      agglomerates presented 100% of drug particle loading and a production yield of
      80.5%. The amount of drug absorbed after oral dosing was similar after reference
      or agglomerate administration, leading to a relative bioavailability of 108%. The
      absorption lag-time was significantly reduced after agglomerate administration
      (from 135.5+/-50.6 to 15.0+/-2.5min). The agglomerated gastro-resistant
      pantoprazole-loaded microparticles reduced time to peak plasma. The agglomerates
      were equivalent to the reference tablets in terms of extent but not in terms of
      rate of absorption, showing that this formulation is an alternative to single
      unit oral dosing with enteric coating and with the advantage of reducing time to
      effect.

PMID- 19969079
TI  - Comparing different salt forms of rotigotine to improve transdermal iontophoretic
      delivery.
AB  - The transdermal delivery of a new salt form of the dopamine agonist rotigotine,
      rotigotine.H(3)PO(4) is presented and compared to rotigotine.HCl. A comparison
      was made on the level of solubility, passive and iontophoretic delivery.
      Different aspects of the delivery were investigated: delivery efficiency, maximum
      flux, donor pH, electro-osmotic contribution and transport number. Changing the
      salt form from rotigotine.HCl to rotigotine.H(3)PO(4) increases significantly the
      solubility and rules out the influence of NaCl on the solubility by the absence
      of the common-ion effect. At low donor concentration, no difference in
      transdermal delivery was observed between the salt forms. Due to an increase in
      the maximum solubility of rotigotine.H(3)PO(4), a 170% increase in maximum flux,
      compared to rotigotine.HCl, was achieved. A balance between solubility and
      delivery efficiency can be obtained by choosing the correct donor pH between 5
      and 6. A slight increase in electro-osmotic contribution and transport number was
      observed. Using the parameters, determined by modeling the in vitro transport, in
      vivo simulations revealed that with iontophoresis therapeutic levels can be
      achieved with a rapid onset time and be maintained in a controlled manner by
      adjusting the current density.

PMID- 19969080
TI  - Imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of
      metalloproteinases in hypertensive vascular remodeling.
AB  - Structural vascular changes in two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertension may
      result from increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity. MMP-2 activation
      is regulated by other MMPs, including transmembrane-MMPs, and by tissue
      inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). We have investigated the localization of MMP-2, -9, 
      14, and TIMPs 1-4 in hypertensive aortas and measured their levels by
      zymography/Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Gelatinolytic activity was
      assayed in tissues by in situ zymography. Sham-operated and 2K-1C hypertensive
      rats were treated with doxycycline (or vehicle) for 8 weeks, and the systolic
      blood pressure was monitored weekly. Doxycycline attenuated 2K-1C hypertension
      (165 + or - 11.7 mmHg versus 213 + or - 7.9 mm Hg in hypertensive controls,
      P<0.01), and completely prevented increase in the thicknesses of the media and
      the intima in 2K-1C animals (P<0.01). Increased amounts of MMP-2, -9, and -14
      were found in hypertensive aortas, as well as enhanced gelatinolytic activity. A
      gradient in the localization of MMP-2, -9, and -14 was found, with increased
      amounts detected in the intima, at sites with higher gelatinolytic activity.
      Doxycycline attenuated hypertension induced increases in all the 3 investigated
      MMPs in both the media and the intima (all P<0.05), but it did not change the
      amounts of TIMPs 1-4 (P>0.05). Therefore, an imbalance between increased amounts
      of MMPs at the tissue level without a corresponding increase in the quantities of
      TIMPs, particularly in the intima and inner media layers, appears to account for
      the increased proteolytic activity found in 2K-1C hypertension-induced
      maladaptive vascular remodeling.

PMID- 19969081
TI  - Cell density is a critical determinant of aromatase expression in adipose stromal
      cells.
AB  - Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among
      postmenopausal women. This is at least partly due to excessive estrogen
      production in adipose tissue of obese women. Aromatase, the key enzyme in
      estrogen biosynthesis, is an important target in endocrine therapy for estrogen
      receptor (ER)-positive postmenopausal breast cancer. In this study we show that
      high confluency of human adipose stromal cells (ASCs) cultured in vitro can
      significantly stimulate aromatase gene expression and reduce the expression of
      breast tumor suppressor BRCA1 and members of the NR4A orphan nuclear family.
      Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Nurr1, a member
      of the NR4A family, substantially increased aromatase expression. Lastly, we
      found that the cell density-triggered inducibility of aromatase expression varies
      in ASCs isolated from different disease-free individuals. Our finding highlights
      the impact of increased cell number on estrogen biosynthesis as in the case of
      excessive adiposity.

PMID- 19969082
TI  - Chronic exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence but not during adulthood
      impairs emotional behaviour and monoaminergic neurotransmission.
AB  - The pathophysiological neural mechanism underlying the depressogenic and
      anxiogenic effects of chronic adolescent cannabinoid use may be linked to
      perturbations in monoaminergic neurotransmission. We tested this hypothesis by
      administering the CB(1) receptor agonist WIN55,212-2, once daily for 20 days to
      adolescent and adult rats, subsequently subjecting them to tests for emotional
      reactivity paralleled by the in vivo extracellular recordings of serotonergic and
      noradrenergic neurons. Chronic adolescent exposure but not adult exposure to low
      (0.2 mg/kg) and high (1.0 mg/kg) doses led to depression-like behaviour in the
      forced swim and sucrose preference test, while the high dose also induced anxiety
      like consequences in the novelty-suppressed feeding test. Electrophysiological
      recordings revealed both doses to have attenuated serotonergic activity, while
      the high dose also led to a hyperactivity of noradrenergic neurons only after
      adolescent exposure. These suggest that long-term exposure to cannabinoids during
      adolescence induces anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours in adulthood and
      that this may be instigated by serotonergic hypoactivity and noradrenergic
      hyperactivity.

PMID- 19969083
TI  - Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.
AB  - Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely employed therapeutic modality for the
      treatment of movement disorders. Full FDA approval or humanitarian device
      exemption has been made for Parkinson's disease, tremor, and dystonia. In this
      review, we describe the indications and selection criteria, target selection, and
      outcomes for each of these conditions. In addition, we describe the operative
      techniques utilized in DBS surgery and look forward to new developments in DBS on
      the horizon.

PMID- 19969084
TI  - Chronic expression of low levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the substantia
      nigra elicits progressive neurodegeneration, delayed motor symptoms and
      microglia/macrophage activation.
AB  - Inflammation, and in particular microglia activation, is regarded as a constant
      component of brain pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglial activation
      has been found in the substantia nigra (SN), one of the main brain regions
      affected in PD, for many years after the initiation of the disease. Although many
      studies point towards a deleterious role of inflammation on PD, the functional
      role of many of its main components has not been clarified yet. For example,
      tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, has
      been shown to exert toxic or no effects on the viability of dopaminergic neurons.
      No study has evaluated the effects of the long-lasting TNF-alpha expression in
      the SN, an experimental set-up most probably resembling the clinical situation.
      The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the chronic expression of
      TNF-alpha in the adult SN at different time points. Adenoviral expression of low
      TNF-alpha levels (17-19 pg/mg) lasted for 14 days in the SN and did not induce
      interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) expression. Long-lasting TNF-alpha expression caused
      dopaminergic cell death from day 14, increasing at 21 and 28 days compared with
      control animals injected with adenovectors expressing beta-galactosidase. TNF
      alpha overexpression elicited irreversible, unilateral akinesia starting at 14
      days, but not earlier. These effects were accompanied by microglial activation to
      stage 4 and/or monocyte/macrophage recruitment from the periphery from day 7 post
      adenovector inoculations. Thus, we conclude that extended duration of the
      expression of TNF-alpha is necessary and sufficient for a univocal toxic effect
      of TNF-alpha on dopaminergic neurons and motor disabilities. This study provides
      an animal model to study early events that lead to TNF-alpha-mediated neuronal
      demise in the SN. In addition, the cellular components of the inflammation
      elicited by TNF-alpha and the lack of IL-1beta expression support the growing
      idea of a distinct cytokine network in the brain.

PMID- 19969085
TI  - Molecular targets and regulators of cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the main ways in which cardiomyocytes respond to
      mechanical and neurohormonal stimuli. It enables myocytes to increase their work
      output, which improves cardiac pump function. Although cardiac hypertrophy may
      initially represent an adaptive response of the myocardium, ultimately, it often
      progresses to ventricular dilatation and heart failure which is one of the
      leading causes of mortality in the western world. A number of signaling
      modulators that influence gene expression, apoptosis, cytokine release and growth
      factor signaling, etc. are known to regulate heart. By using genetic and cellular
      models of cardiac hypertrophy it has been proved that pathological hypertrophy
      can be prevented or reversed. This finding has promoted an enormous drive to
      identify novel and specific regulators of hypertrophy. In this review, we have
      discussed the various molecular signal transduction pathways and the regulators
      of hypertrophic response which includes calcineurin, cGMP, NFAT, natriuretic
      peptides, histone deacetylase, IL-6 cytokine family, Gq/G11 signaling, PI3K, MAPK
      pathways, Na/H exchanger, RAS, polypeptide growth factors, ANP, NO, TNF-alpha,
      PPAR and JAK/STAT pathway, microRNA, Cardiac angiogenesis and gene mutations in
      adult heart. Augmented knowledge of these signaling pathways and their
      interactions may potentially be translated into pharmacological therapies for the
      treatment of various cardiac diseases that are adversely affected by hypertrophy.
      The purpose of this review is to provide the current knowledge about the
      molecular pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy, with special emphasis on novel
      researches and investigations.

PMID- 19969086
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of synaptic specificity.
AB  - Synapses are specialized junctions that mediate information flow between neurons
      and their targets. A striking feature of the nervous system is the specificity of
      its synaptic connections: an individual neuron will form synapses only with a
      small subset of available presynaptic and postsynaptic partners. Synaptic
      specificity has been classically thought to arise from homophilic or heterophilic
      interactions between adhesive molecules acting across the synaptic cleft. Over
      the past decade, many new mechanisms giving rise to synaptic specificity have
      been identified. Synapses can be specified by secreted molecules that promote or
      inhibit synaptogenesis, and their source can be a neighboring guidepost cell, not
      just presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Furthermore, lineage, fate, and timing
      of development can also play critical roles in shaping neural circuits. Future
      work utilizing large-scale screens will aim to elucidate the full scope of
      cellular mechanisms and molecular players that can give rise to synaptic
      specificity.

PMID- 19969087
TI  - Cxcl10 enhances blood cells migration in the sub-ventricular zone of mice
      affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
AB  - The peri-ventricular area of the forebrain constitutes a preferential site of
      inflammation in multiple sclerosis, and the sub-ventricular zone (SvZ) is
      functionally altered in its animal model experimental autoimmune
      encephalomyelitis (EAE). The reasons for this preferential localization are still
      poorly understood. We show here that, in EAE mice, blood-derived macrophages, T
      and B cells and microglia (Mg) from the surrounding parenchyma preferentially
      accumulate within the SvZ, deranging its cytoarchitecture. We found that the
      chemokine Cxcl10 is constitutively expressed by a subset of cells within the SvZ,
      constituting a primary chemo-attractant signal for activated T cells. During EAE,
      T cells and macrophages infiltrating the SvZ in turn secrete pro-inflammatory
      cytokines such as TNFalpha and IFNgamma capable to induce Mg cells accumulation
      and SvZ derangement. Accordingly, lentiviral-mediated over-expression of IFNgamma
      or TNFalpha in the healthy SvZ mimics Mg/microglia recruitment occurring during
      EAE, while Cxcl10 over-expression in the SvZ is able to increase the frequency of
      peri-ventricular inflammatory lesions only in EAE mice. Finally, we show, by RT
      PCR and in situ hybridization, that Cxcl10 is expressed also in the healthy human
      SvZ, suggesting a possible molecular parallelism between multiple sclerosis and
      EAE.

PMID- 19969088
TI  - How to do successful gene expression analysis using real-time PCR.
AB  - Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is considered today as the gold
      standard for accurate, sensitive and fast measurement of gene expression.
      Unfortunately, what many users fail to appreciate is that numerous critical
      issues in the workflow need to be addressed before biologically meaningful and
      trustworthy conclusions can be drawn. Here, we review the entire workflow from
      the planning and preparation phase, over the actual real-time PCR cycling
      experiments to data-analysis and reporting steps. This process can be captured
      with the appropriate acronym PCR: plan/prepare, cycle and report. The key message
      is that quality assurance and quality control are essential throughout the entire
      RT-qPCR workflow; from living cells, over extraction of nucleic acids, storage,
      various enzymatic steps such as DNase treatment, reverse transcription and PCR
      amplification, to data-analysis and finally reporting.

PMID- 19969089
TI  - Volition diminishes genetically mediated amygdala hyperreactivity.
AB  - Individuals carrying the short allele of a common polymorphism in the promoter
      region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) exhibit heightened amygdala
      responses to passive stimulation with aversive emotional material. In turn, the
      level of amygdala activation in response to emotion can be decreased by will, for
      example by using cognitive emotion regulation strategies. In the present study,
      37 female subjects (s-carriers: n=21; l/l-homozygotes: n=16) performed an emotion
      regulation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether
      cognitive emotion regulation can modulate the genetically determined amygdala
      hyperreactivity in 5-HTTLPR short allele carriers. Our results demonstrate that
      cognitive emotion regulation diminishes the difference in amygdala reactivity to
      threat-related stimuli between 5-HTTLPR genotype groups. Furthermore, we also
      provide evidence that the effect of cognitive regulation is mediated through
      altered coupling between the amygdala and prefrontal regulatory regions. Our
      findings demonstrate that while the presence of the 5-HTTLPR short allele leads
      to heightened responses in the amygdala, cognitive regulation can modify
      genetically mediated effects upon brain function by volitionally altering
      prefrontal-amygdala connectivity.

PMID- 19969090
TI  - Adaptive and aberrant reward prediction signals in the human brain.
AB  - Theories of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia hypothesize a role for
      aberrant reinforcement signaling driven by dysregulated dopamine transmission.
      Recently, we provided evidence of aberrant reward learning in symptomatic, but
      not asymptomatic patients with schizophrenia, using a novel paradigm, the
      Salience Attribution Test (SAT). The SAT is a probabilistic reward learning game
      that employs cues that vary across task-relevant and task-irrelevant dimensions;
      it provides behavioral indices of adaptive and aberrant reward learning. As an
      initial step prior to future clinical studies, here we used functional magnetic
      resonance imaging to examine the neural basis of adaptive and aberrant reward
      learning during the SAT in healthy volunteers. As expected, cues associated with
      high relative to low reward probabilities elicited robust hemodynamic responses
      in a network of structures previously implicated in motivational salience; the
      midbrain, in the vicinity of the ventral tegmental area, and regions targeted by
      its dopaminergic projections, i.e. medial dorsal thalamus, ventral striatum and
      prefrontal cortex (PFC). Responses in the medial dorsal thalamus and polar PFC
      were strongly correlated with the degree of adaptive reward learning across
      participants. Finally, and most importantly, differential dorsolateral PFC and
      middle temporal gyrus (MTG) responses to cues with identical reward probabilities
      were very strongly correlated with the degree of aberrant reward learning.
      Participants who showed greater aberrant learning exhibited greater dorsolateral
      PFC responses, and reduced MTG responses, to cues erroneously inferred to be less
      strongly associated with reward. The results are discussed in terms of their
      implications for different theories of associative learning.

PMID- 19969091
TI  - Dissociating the contributions of independent corticostriatal systems to visual
      categorization learning through the use of reinforcement learning modeling and
      Granger causality modeling.
AB  - We dissociated the contributions to learning of four corticostriatal "loops"
      (interacting striatal and cortical regions): motor (putamen and motor cortex),
      visual (posterior caudate and visual cortex), executive (anterior caudate and
      prefrontal cortex), and motivational (ventral striatum and ventromedial frontal
      cortex). Subjects learned to categorize individual repeated images into one of
      two arbitrary categories via trial and error. We identified (1) regions sensitive
      to correct categorization, categorization learning, and feedback valence; (2)
      regions sensitive to prediction error (violation of feedback expectancy) and
      reward prediction (expected feedback associated with category response) using
      reinforcement learning modeling; and (3) directed influences between regions
      using Granger causality modeling. Each loop showed a unique pattern of
      sensitivity to each of these factors. Both the motor and visual loops were
      involved in acquisition of categorization ability: activity during correct
      categorization increased across learning and was sensitive to reward prediction.
      However, the posterior caudate received directed influence from visual cortex,
      whereas the putamen exerted directed influence on motor cortex. The motivational
      and executive loops were involved in feedback processing: both regions were
      sensitive to feedback valence, which interacted with learning across scans.
      However, the motivational loop activity reflected prediction error, whereas
      executive loop activity reflected reward prediction, consistent with the
      executive loop role in integrating reward and action. Granger causality modeling
      found directed influences between striatal and cortical regions within each loop.
      Across loops, the motor loop exerted directed influence on the executive loop
      which is consistent with the role of the executive loop in integrating feedback
      with stimulus-response history.

PMID- 19969092
TI  - Identification and validation of effective connectivity networks in functional
      magnetic resonance imaging using switching linear dynamic systems.
AB  - Dynamic connectivity networks identify directed interregional interactions
      between modeled brain regions in neuroimaging. However, problems arise when the
      regions involved in a task and their interconnections are not fully known a
      priori. Objective measures of model adequacy are necessary to validate such
      models. We present a connectivity formalism, the Switching Linear Dynamic System
      (SLDS), that is capable of identifying both Granger-Geweke and instantaneous
      connectivity that vary according to experimental conditions. SLDS explicitly
      models the task condition as a Markov random variable. The series of task
      conditions can be estimated from new data given an identified model providing a
      means to validate connectivity patterns. We use SLDS to model functional magnetic
      resonance imaging data from five regions during a finger alternation task. Using
      interregional connectivity alone, the identified model predicted the task
      condition vector from a different subject with a different task ordering with
      high accuracy. In addition, important regions excluded from a model can be
      identified by augmenting the model state space. A motor task model excluding
      primary motor cortices was augmented with a new neural state constrained by its
      connectivity with the included regions. The augmented variable time series,
      convolved with a hemodynamic kernel, was compared to all brain voxels. The right
      primary motor cortex was identified as the best region to add to the model. Our
      results suggest that the SLDS model framework is an effective means to address
      several problems with modeling connectivity including measuring overall model
      adequacy and identifying important regions missing from models.

PMID- 19969094
TI  - Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anterior
      cingulate cortex and amygdala: an fMRI study.
AB  - Pain is a multidimensional experience. Human pain perception can be modulated by
      subjective emotional responses. We examined this association within the context
      of a neuroimaging study, using functional MRI to examine neural responses to
      electrical pain-inducing stimuli in 15 healthy subjects (6 females; age range=20
      30 years). Pain-inducing stimuli were presented during different emotional
      contexts, which were induced via the continuous presentation (5 s) of sad, happy,
      or neutral pictures of faces. We found that subjective pain ratings were higher
      in the sad emotional context than in the happy and neutral contexts, and that
      pain-related activation in the ACC was more pronounced in the sad context
      relative to the happy and neutral contexts. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI)
      and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analyses demonstrated amygdala to ACC
      connections during the experience of pain in the sad context. These findings
      serve to highlight the neural mechanisms that may be relevant to understanding
      the broader relationship between somatic complaints and negative emotion.

PMID- 19969093
TI  - Frontal theta links prediction errors to behavioral adaptation in reinforcement
      learning.
AB  - Investigations into action monitoring have consistently detailed a frontocentral
      voltage deflection in the event-related potential (ERP) following the
      presentation of negatively valenced feedback, sometimes termed the feedback
      related negativity (FRN). The FRN has been proposed to reflect a neural response
      to prediction errors during reinforcement learning, yet the single-trial
      relationship between neural activity and the quanta of expectation violation
      remains untested. Although ERP methods are not well suited to single-trial
      analyses, the FRN has been associated with theta band oscillatory perturbations
      in the medial prefrontal cortex. Mediofrontal theta oscillations have been
      previously associated with expectation violation and behavioral adaptation and
      are well suited to single-trial analysis. Here, we recorded EEG activity during a
      probabilistic reinforcement learning task and fit the performance data to an
      abstract computational model (Q-learning) for calculation of single-trial reward
      prediction errors. Single-trial theta oscillatory activities following feedback
      were investigated within the context of expectation (prediction error) and
      adaptation (subsequent reaction time change). Results indicate that interactive
      medial and lateral frontal theta activities reflect the degree of negative and
      positive reward prediction error in the service of behavioral adaptation. These
      different brain areas use prediction error calculations for different behavioral
      adaptations, with medial frontal theta reflecting the utilization of prediction
      errors for reaction time slowing (specifically following errors), but lateral
      frontal theta reflecting prediction errors leading to working memory-related
      reaction time speeding for the correct choice.

PMID- 19969095
TI  - Sex steroid hormones-related structural plasticity in the human hypothalamus.
AB  - We investigated the effects of an artificial menstrual cycle on brain structure
      and activity in young women using metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We
      show that the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis during the
      pill-free interval of low-dose combined oral contraceptive use is associated with
      transient microstructural and metabolic changes in the female hypothalamus but
      not in the thalamus, a brain structure unrelated to reproductive control, as
      assessed by water diffusion and proton magnetic resonance spectra measurements.
      Our results provide neuroanatomical insights into the mechanism by which sex
      steroid hormones mediate their central effects and raise the intriguing
      possibility that specific regions of the neuroendocrine brain use ovarian cycle
      dependent plasticity to control reproduction in humans. These MRI-based
      physiological studies may pave the way for the development of new diagnostic and
      treatment strategies in the central loss of reproductive competence in human
      syndromes, such as hypothalamic amenorrhea.

PMID- 19969096
TI  - Early sensory encoding of affective prosody: neuromagnetic tomography of
      emotional category changes.
AB  - In verbal communication, prosodic codes may be phylogenetically older than
      lexical ones. Little is known, however, about early, automatic encoding of
      emotional prosody. This study investigated the neuromagnetic analogue of mismatch
      negativity (MMN) as an index of early stimulus processing of emotional prosody
      using whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG). We applied two different paradigms
      to study MMN; in addition to the traditional oddball paradigm, the so-called
      optimum design was adapted to emotion detection. In a sequence of randomly
      changing disyllabic pseudo-words produced by one male speaker in neutral
      intonation, a traditional oddball design with emotional deviants (10% happy and
      angry each) and an optimum design with emotional (17% happy and sad each) and
      nonemotional gender deviants (17% female) elicited the mismatch responses. The
      emotional category changes demonstrated early responses (<200 ms) at both
      auditory cortices with larger amplitudes at the right hemisphere. Responses to
      the nonemotional change from male to female voices emerged later ( approximately
      300 ms). Source analysis pointed at bilateral auditory cortex sources without
      robust contribution from other such as frontal sources. Conceivably, both
      auditory cortices encode categorical representations of emotional prosodic.
      Processing of cognitive feature extraction and automatic emotion appraisal may
      overlap at this level enabling rapid attentional shifts to important social cues.

PMID- 19969097
TI  - Acute effect of the anti-addiction drug bupropion on extracellular dopamine
      concentrations in the human striatum: an [11C]raclopride PET study.
AB  - Bupropion is an effective medication in treating addiction and is widely used as
      an aid to smoking cessation. Bupropion inhibits striatal dopamine reuptake via
      dopamine transporter blockade, but it is unknown whether this leads to increased
      extracellular dopamine levels at clinical doses in man. The effects of bupropion
      on extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum were investigated using
      [(11)C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in rats administered
      saline, 11 or 25 mg/kg bupropion i.p. and in healthy human volunteers
      administered either placebo or 150 mg bupropion (Zyban Sustained-Release). A
      cognitive task was used to stimulate dopamine release in the human study. In
      rats, bupropion significantly decreased [(11)C]raclopride specific binding in the
      striatum, consistent with increases in extracellular dopamine concentrations. In
      man, no significant decreases in striatal [(11)C]raclopride specific binding were
      observed. Levels of dopamine transporter occupancy in the rat at 11 and 25 mg/kg
      bupropion i.p. were higher than predicted to occur in man at the dose used. Thus,
      these data indicate that, at the low levels of dopamine transporter occupancy
      achieved in man at clinical doses, bupropion does not increase extracellular
      dopamine levels. These findings have important implications for understanding the
      mechanism of action underlying bupropions' therapeutic efficacy and for the
      development of novel treatments for addiction and depression.

PMID- 19969098
TI  - Spatial learning of the water maze: progression of brain circuits mapped with
      cytochrome oxidase histochemistry.
AB  - The progression of brain circuits involved in spatial learning tasks is still a
      matter of debate. In addition, the participation of individual regions at
      different stages of spatial learning remains a controversial issue. In order to
      address these questions, we used quantitative cytochrome oxidase histochemistry
      as a metabolic brain mapping method applied to rats (Rattus norvegicus) trained
      in a water maze for 1, 3 or 5 days of training. Sustained changes throughout
      training were found in the lateral septal nucleus and anteroventral thalamic
      nucleus. As compared to naive or habituation groups, rats with 1 day of training
      in the spatial learning task showed involvement of the lateral mammillary
      nucleus, basolateral amygdala and anterodorsal thalamic nucleus. By 5 days of
      training, there were mean changes in the hippocampal CA3 field and the prefrontal
      cortex. The regions involved and their pattern of network interactions changed
      progressively over days of training. At 1-day there was an open serial network of
      pairwise correlations. At 3-days there was a more closed reciprocal network of
      intercorrelations. At 5-days there were three separate parallel networks. In
      addition, brain-behavior correlations showed that CA1 and CA3 hippocampal fields
      together with the parietal cortex are related to the mastery of the spatial
      learning task. The present study extends previous findings on the progressive
      contribution of neural networks to spatial learning.

PMID- 19969099
TI  - Active suppression in the mediotemporal lobe during directed forgetting.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate whether forgetting is merely a
      passive process or whether it can also be caused by active suppression of memory
      contents. We investigated effects of directed forgetting by intracranial event
      related potentials (ERPs) in 12 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. In a
      single-item directed forgetting paradigm, the patients were presented with words
      either followed by the instruction that this word has to-be-remembered (TBR) or
      to-be-forgotten (TBF). All patients were implanted with multicontact depth
      electrodes along the rhinal cortex and hippocampus as part of their presurgical
      evaluation. Patients recognized significantly less TBF than TBR words in a
      subsequent recognition test. In the hippocampus, TBF cues that caused subsequent
      forgetting were associated with decreased negative ERPs. In the rhinal cortex,
      TBF cues elicited a generally prolonged positivity, as compared to TBR cues. We
      interpret the decreased hippocampal ERPs following the TBF cues as an indication
      for an active suppression of hippocampal functions. The increased rhinal activity
      in response to the TBF cue might indicate an active involvement of this structure
      in the suppression of hippocampal memory formation.

PMID- 19969100
TI  - Claudin-15 and -25b expression in the intestinal tract of Atlantic salmon in
      response to seawater acclimation, smoltification and hormone treatment.
AB  - In seawater fishes, osmotic homeostasis requires uptake of ions and water in the
      intestine and these processes are governed by the combined trans- and
      paracellular pathways. The current study examined mRNA expression of two tight
      junction proteins (claudin-15 and -25 b) predominantly expressed in the intestine
      of Atlantic salmon. We examined the response in pyloric caecae, middle and
      posterior intestine to seawater challenge, during smoltification and after
      injection with osmoregulatory hormones. Seawater (SW) transfer elevated levels of
      claudin-15 and -25 b while no change was induced throughout the smolt stage. In
      freshwater, cortisol and growth hormone inhibited claudin-15 expression in the
      two anterior segments. Claudin-25 b was elevated in all intestinal segments by
      growth hormone, while cortisol had an inhibitory effect. In seawater, prolactin
      and cortisol inhibited claudin expression. The data suggest that claudin
      expression is involved in the reorganisation of intestinal epithelium and
      possibly change paracellular permeability during SW acclimation. The lack of
      preparatory change during smoltification suggests that this process is not
      completed during smolt development. The effects of the tested hormones cannot
      explain the sum of changes induced by salinity, which, like the smoltification
      data, suggests the importance of additional factors and possibly contact with the
      imbibed SW per se.

PMID- 19969101
TI  - Rationalizing the chemical space of protein-protein interaction inhibitors.
AB  - Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are one of the next major classes of
      therapeutic targets, although they are too intricate to tackle with standard
      approaches. This is due, in part, to the inadequacy of today's chemical
      libraries. However, the emergence of a growing number of experimentally validated
      inhibitors of PPIs (i-PPIs) allows drug designers to use chemoinformatics and
      machine learning technologies to unravel the nature of the chemical space covered
      by the reported compounds. Key characteristics of i-PPIs can then be revealed and
      highlight the importance of specific shapes and/or aromatic bonds, enabling the
      design of i-PPI-enriched focused libraries and, therefore, of cost-effective
      screening strategies.

PMID- 19969102
TI  - Cyanide toxicity and interference with diet selection in quail (Coturnix
      coturnix).
AB  - Cyanide is a ubiquitous substance in the environment. Most of the cyanide
      absorbed by an animal is detoxified by enzymatic combination with sulfur, thus
      the detoxification process imposes a nutritional cost. In mammals, interactions
      among nutrients and toxics may influence the composition of the diet and food
      intake, as a function of positive or negative post-ingestive feedback. The
      present work aimed to describe the toxic effects of cyanide, and to determine
      whether cyanide interferes with diet selection in quail (Coturnix coturnix). A
      toxicological study was performed with 27 female quails that were assigned to
      three groups that received by gavage 0, 1.0 or 3.0mg of KCN/kg/day, for 7
      consecutive days. The diet selection trial was conducted with 20 female quails,
      that had access to two separate rations: a conventional quail ration and the same
      ration supplemented with 1% NaSO(4). During the toxicological study, clinical
      signs of poisoning and death occurred in a quail treated with cyanide.
      Histological changes were found only in animals dosed with cyanide, and these
      consisted of mild hepatic periportal vacuolation, an increased number of vacuoles
      in the colloid of the thyroid glands, and spongiosis in the mesencephalon. No
      clinical signs were found in any quail throughout the diet selection trial. There
      were no significant differences in food consumption or ration preference. In
      conclusion, exposure to cyanide promotes damage to the liver and central nervous
      system in quails. In contrast, the ingestion of sulfur by quail was not affected
      by exposure to cyanide.

PMID- 19969103
TI  - Selective removal of ovarian cancer cells from human ascites fluid using magnetic
      nanoparticles.
AB  - A majority of ovarian cancer metastases result from the shedding of malignant
      cells from the primary tumor into the abdominal cavity. Free-floating cancer
      cells in serous effusions of late-stage ovarian cancer patients may spread to
      internal organs, making effective treatment extremely difficult. Selective
      removal of ovarian cancer cells from serous fluids may abate metastasis and
      improve long-term prognoses. We have already shown that superparamagnetic
      nanoparticles conjugated to an ephrin-A1 mimetic peptide with a high affinity for
      the EphA2 receptor can be used to capture and remove cultured human ovarian
      cancer cells from the peritoneal of experimental mice. Here we demonstrate the
      potential clinical utility of the methodology by in vitro capture and isolation
      of cancer cells from the ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients. FROM THE
      CLINICAL EDITOR: Ovarian cancer metastases usually are the result of shedding of
      malignant cells from the primary tumor into the abdominal cavity. In this paper,
      a novel nanotechnology-based method is demonstrated for the in vitro capture and
      isolation of cancer cells from the ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients.

PMID- 19969104
TI  - Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on scratching behavior in mice.
AB  - The present study was performed to study the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo
      p-dioxin (TCDD) on scratching behavior in hairless mice, which are highly
      sensitive to pruritogens (mediators causing itching), except for histamine, and
      are suitable for time-course studies due to their hairless skin. TCDD is a well
      known environmental pollutant that causes skin diseases with itching; therefore,
      we examined whether TCDD induced itching. Oral administration of TCDD caused no
      increase in scratching behavior when used alone, whereas TCDD in combination with
      distilled water or acetone/olive oil application caused a significant increase in
      scratching behavior. Furthermore, nerve growth factor (NGF) content in the skin
      increased significantly. A single administration of chlorpheniramine (histamine
      H1 receptor antagonist), tranilast (chemical mediator release inhibitor) and
      olopatadine (histamine H1 receptor antagonist) had no effect on scratching
      behavior induced by TCDD in combination with acetone/olive oil application. With
      repeated administration for 7 days, chlorpheniramine and tranilast had no effect
      on scratching behavior, whereas olopatadine significantly inhibited scratching
      behavior. In addition, only olopatadine significantly inhibited NGF content in
      the skin. From these findings, it can be concluded that TCDD is not a pruritogen
      but causes alloknesis (itchy skin) with the simultaneous use of trivial external
      stimulation. In addition, it was found that drugs which decreased skin NGF
      contents may inhibit this scratching behavior.

PMID- 19969106
TI  - Nutrition, geoepidemiology, and autoimmunity.
AB  - As well represented by the impaired immune function of malnourished individuals
      encountered in developing countries and the incidence of specific diseases
      following local nutrient deficiencies, nutrition and immunity have been linked to
      each other for centuries while the specific connection between dietary factors
      and autoimmunity onset or modulation is a more recent acquisition. Autoimmune
      diseases manifest limited prevalence rates in developing countries while numerous
      immunity-related claims have been proposed in the field of functional foods.
      Nevertheless, over the past years multiple lines of evidence have supported a
      major role for specific dietary factors (including vitamin D, vitamin A,
      selenium, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and flavanols) in determining
      the immune responses involved in infections, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
      Interestingly, the link between nutrition and autoimmunity may well contribute to
      the geoepidemiology observed for numerous conditions. In general terms, most data
      that will be discussed herein were obtained in experimental or animal models
      while human data from real-life clinical settings or randomized clinical trials
      remain largely unsatisfactory. Our current knowledge on the beneficial impact of
      nutrition on autoimmunity prompts us to encourage the search for evidence-based
      nutrition to support the everyday diet choices of patients.

PMID- 19969105
TI  - Perspective: Does brown fat protect against diseases of aging?
AB  - The most commonly studied laboratory rodents possess a specialized form of fat
      called brown adipose tissue (BAT) that generates heat to help maintain body
      temperature in cold environments. In humans, BAT is abundant during embryonic and
      early postnatal development, but is absent or present in relatively small amounts
      in adults where it is located in paracervical and supraclavicular regions. BAT
      cells can 'burn' fatty acid energy substrates to generate heat because they
      possess large numbers of mitochondria in which oxidative phosphorylation is
      uncoupled from ATP production as a result of a transmembrane proton leak mediated
      by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Studies of rodents in which BAT levels are either
      increased or decreased have revealed a role for BAT in protection against diet
      induced obesity. Data suggest that individuals with low levels of BAT are prone
      to obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, whereas those with
      higher levels of BAT maintain lower body weights and exhibit superior health as
      they age. BAT levels decrease during aging, and dietary energy restriction
      increases BAT activity and protects multiple organ systems including the nervous
      system against age-related dysfunction and degeneration. Future studies in which
      the effects of specific manipulations of BAT levels and thermogenic activity on
      disease processes in animal models (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers,
      neurodegenerative diseases) are determined will establish if and how BAT affects
      the development and progression of age-related diseases. Data from animal studies
      suggest that BAT and mitochondrial uncoupling can be targeted for interventions
      to prevent and treat obesity and age-related diseases. Examples include: diet and
      lifestyle changes; specific regimens of mild intermittent stress; drugs that
      stimulate BAT formation and activity; induction of brown adipose cell progenitors
      in muscle and other tissues; and transplantation of brown adipose cells.

PMID- 19969107
TI  - The geoepidemiology of type 1 diabetes.
AB  - Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by absolute
      insulin deficiency resulting from the progressive immune-mediated destruction of
      pancreatic islet beta cells. It is thought to be triggered by as yet unidentified
      environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals, the major genetic
      contribution coming from loci within the HLA complex, in particular HLA class II.
      The worldwide incidence of T1D varies by at least 100-fold, being highest in
      Finland and Sardinia (Italy) and lowest in Venezuela and China. The incidence has
      been increasing worldwide at an annual rate of approximately 3%. While genetic
      factors are thought to explain some of the geographic variability in T1D
      occurrence, they cannot account for its rapidly increasing frequency. Instead,
      the declining proportion of newly diagnosed children with high-risk genotypes
      suggests that environmental pressures are now able to trigger T1D in genotypes
      that previously would not have developed the disease during childhood. Although
      comparisons between countries and regions with low and high-incidence rates have
      suggested that higher socioeconomic status and degree of urbanization are among
      the environmental factors that play a role in the rising incidence of T1D, the
      findings are too inconsistent to allow firm conclusions. Morbidity and mortality
      as well as causes of death also show considerable geographic variation. While
      glycemic control has been identified as a major predictor of the micro- and
      macrovascular complications of T1D and shows considerable geographical
      variability, it does not appear to be the only factor involved in the regional
      differences in complication rates. The role of genetics in susceptibility to
      nephropathy, retinopathy and other diabetic complications largely remains to be
      explored.

PMID- 19969109
TI  - Theoretical risk assessment of magnesium alloys as degradable biomedical
      implants.
AB  - The theoretical tolerable implant masses for ten magnesium alloys as degradable
      biomedical implant materials are evaluated in this study. Dose-response
      assessment is conducted using toxicological data from authoritative public health
      agencies such as the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the
      USEPA Integrated Risk Information System, and assuming 1 year of even corrosion.
      Uncertainty factors adopted by the agencies are used. The tolerable limits
      corresponding to various component elements in an alloy are considered
      separately, and the lowest tolerable limit is selected as the tolerable limit of
      the alloy. The results show that aluminum is usually the component element with
      the lowest tolerance, and the tolerable mass for Al-containing magnesium alloys
      fall to around or below 1g per person per year, while the limit for other
      magnesium alloys can well exceed 10 g. Deficits in the toxicological data of some
      component elements are noted. This study illustrates that toxicological
      calculations should be taken into consideration when developing novel degradable
      metallic implants.

PMID- 19969108
TI  - Time course of intermittent hypoxia-induced impairments in resistance artery
      structure and function.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia (CIH)
      impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rats. To determine the time course
      of this response, rats were exposed to CIH for 3, 14, 28, or 56 days. Then, we
      measured acetylcholine- and nitroprusside-induced vasodilation in isolated
      gracilis arteries. Also, we measured endothelial and inducible nitric oxide
      synthase, nitrotyrosine, and collagen in the arterial wall and urinary
      isoprostanes. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was impaired after 2 weeks of
      CIH. Three days of CIH was not sufficient to produce this impairment and longer
      exposures (i.e. 4 and 8 weeks) did not exacerbate it. Impaired vasodilation was
      accompanied by increased collagen deposition. CIH elevated urinary isoprostane
      excretion, whereas there was no consistent effect on either isoform of nitric
      oxide synthase or nitrotyrosine. Exposure to CIH produces functional and
      structural deficits in skeletal muscle resistance arteries. These impairments
      develop within 2 weeks after initiation of exposure and they are accompanied by
      systemic evidence of oxidant stress.

PMID- 19969110
TI  - Stable modification of poly(lactic acid) surface with neurite outgrowth-promoting
      peptides via hydrophobic collagen-like sequence.
AB  - Surface modification of poly(dl-lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds has been performed
      using a biofunctional small peptide composed of collagen-like repetitive sequence
      and laminin-derived sequence (AG73-G(3)-(PPG)(5)) via hydrophobic interaction.
      The results of surface analysis suggest that AG73-G(3)-(PPG)(5) can be stably
      adsorbed onto PLA films via hydrophobic interaction at the (PPG)(5) region, and
      form an extracellular matrix-like layer composed of both structural and
      biosignalling sequences. In addition, neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells was
      observed on the AG73-G(3)-(PPG)(5)-adsorbed PLA film. These results indicate that
      AG73-G(3)-(PPG)(5) very effectively enhances neurite outgrowth activity on PLA
      films. The hydrophobic adsorption of collagen-like peptide bound to biosignalling
      molecules may be widely applied as a surface modifier of PLA films for tissue
      engineering.

PMID- 19969111
TI  - A novel paclitaxel-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/Poloxamer 188 blend
      nanoparticle overcoming multidrug resistance for cancer treatment.
AB  - Multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells is a major obstacle to the success of
      cancer chemotherapy. Poloxamers have been used in cancer therapy to overcome MDR.
      The objective of this research is to test the feasibility of paclitaxel-loaded
      poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/Poloxamer 188 (PCL/Poloxamer 188) nanoparticles to
      overcome MDR in a paclitaxel-resistant human breast cancer cell line. Paclitaxel
      loaded nanoparticles were prepared by a water-acetone solvent displacement method
      using commercial PCL and self-synthesized PCL/Poloxamer 188 compound,
      respectively. PCL/Poloxamer 188 nanoparticles were found to be of spherical shape
      and tended to have a rough and porous surface. The nanoparticles had an average
      size of around 220nm, with a narrow size distribution. The in vitro drug release
      profile of both nanoparticle formulations showed a clear biphasic release
      pattern. There was an increased level of uptake of PCL/Poloxamer 188
      nanoparticles (PPNP) in the paclitaxel-resistant human breast cancer cell line
      MCF-7/TAX, in comparison with PCL nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of PCL
      nanoparticles was higher than commercial Taxol in the MCF-7/TAX cell culture, but
      the differences were not significant. However, the PCL/Poloxamer 188
      nanoparticles achieved a significantly higher level of cytotoxicity than both of
      PCL nanoparticle formulation and Taxol(R), indicating that paclitaxel-loaded
      PCL/Poloxamer 188 nanoparticles could overcome MDR in human breast cancer cells
      and therefore could have considerable therapeutic potential for breast cancer.

PMID- 19969112
TI  - Functionally graded hydroxyapatite coatings doped with antibacterial components.
AB  - A series of functionally graded hydroxyapatite (FGHA) coatings incorporated with
      various percentages of silver were deposited on titanium substrates using ion
      beam-assisted deposition. The analysis of the coating's cross-section using
      transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron
      microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has shown a
      decreased crystallinity as well as a distribution of nanoscale (10-50nm) silver
      particles from the coating/substrate interface to top surface. Both X-ray
      diffraction and fast Fourier transforms on high-resolution TEM images revealed
      the presence of hydroxyapatite within the coatings. The amount of Ag (wt.%) on
      the outer surface of the FGHA, as determined from X-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy, ranged from 1.09 to 6.59, which was about half of the average Ag
      wt.% incorporated in the entire coating. Average adhesion strengths evaluated by
      pull-off tests were in the range of 83+/-6 to 88+/-3MPa, which is comparable to
      85MPa for FGHA without silver. Further optical observations of failed areas
      illustrated that the dominant failure mechanism was epoxy failure, and FGHA
      coating delamination was not observed.

PMID- 19969113
TI  - Lipid accumulation and nutrient removal properties of a newly isolated freshwater
      microalga, Scenedesmus sp. LX1, growing in secondary effluent.
AB  - Coupling of biodiesel production and wastewater treatment based on microalgae is
      a promising approach for handling the energy crisis of declining fossil fuel
      reserves. A freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus sp. LX1, isolated in a previous
      study, was tested for its ability to remove nutrients and accumulate lipid while
      growing in secondary effluent. Compared with 11 other species of high-lipid
      content microalgae obtained from the algae bank, Scenedesmus sp. LX1 adapted
      better to secondary effluent and achieved the highest biomass (0.11 gL(-1), dry
      weight) and lipid content (31-33%, dry weight). In secondary effluent, the
      specific growth rate (r) and maximum population growth rate (R(max)) of
      Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was 0.2 day(-1) and 0.23 x 10(6)cells (mL day)(-1),
      respectively, and inorganic nutrients could be efficiently removed by over 98% in
      10 days. Upon a trigger of nitrogen deficiency on day 10, lipid content increased
      from 14% to 31%, and the highest lipid accumulation rate during cultivation was
      0.008g(L day)(-1).

PMID- 19969114
TI  - The successful use of pamidronate in an 11-year-old girl with complex regional
      pain syndrome: response to treatment demonstrated by serial peripheral
      quantitative computerised tomographic scans.
AB  - Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disorder that can cause significant
      functional morbidity. While it usually presents in adulthood, it has also been
      reported in children. Multiple treatment modalities have been reported with mixed
      success. Bisphosphonate therapy has been shown to be effective in adult patients,
      but there are limited data in children. We report the successful use of
      intravenous pamidronate therapy in diminishing pain, improving function, and
      restoring bone mass in an 11-year-old girl with CRPS of her left lower limb
      following a tibial fracture. Previous treatment with intense physiotherapy and
      regional sympathetic blockade had not improved her symptoms. Pain improved within
      weeks of the first pamidronate infusion, with subsequent improvement in function.
      The benefit in pain reduction and function was sustained during the 2-year
      treatment regime. Improvement in bone mass and density was demonstrated by dual
      energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computerised
      tomography (pQCT). pQCT scans showed marked improvement in bone size and geometry
      and muscle bulk on the affected side. No adverse affects were reported. We
      conclude that intravenous pamidronate was associated with reduced pain, a return
      of function, and recovery of bone and muscle parameters in a child with CRPS.
      Before definitive conclusions can be drawn, a randomised controlled trial similar
      to those undertaken in adults previously is required to fully validate this
      approach.

PMID- 19969115
TI  - Time sequence of secondary mineralization and microhardness in cortical and
      cancellous bone from ewes.
AB  - Bone mineral is a major determinant of the mechanical resistance of bones. In
      bone structural units (BSUs), mineralization of osteoid tissue begins with a
      rapid primary mineralization followed by a secondary mineralization phase, i.e.,
      a slow and gradual maturation of the mineral component leading to complete
      mineralization during an unknown period. The aim of this study was to determine
      the chronology of secondary bone mineralization in ewes, an animal model with a
      remodeling activity close to humans. Eighteen ewes received different fluorescent
      labels every 6 months to date the "age" of each labeled BSU. The degree of
      mineralization of bone (DMB) and Vickers microhardness were measured in labeled
      BSUs, while mineralization at the crystal level was assessed by Fourier transform
      infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM). During the first 6 months of mineralization,
      degree of mineralization and microhardness significantly increased. They then
      increased more slowly until at 30 months they reach their maximal values. This
      progression during secondary mineralization was associated with an improvement of
      both the maturation and the crystal perfection of the mineral part of bone
      matrix. Finally, secondary mineralization in BSUs is completed after a period of
      30 months. This observation should be taken into account for understanding the
      effects of long-term treatments of bone diseases.

PMID- 19969116
TI  - Factors associated with bone mineral density and content in 7-year-old children.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone status of 7-year-old school children in
      Reykjavik, Iceland, and to see if gender, height, lean body mass and fat mass is
      associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the
      lumbar vertebrae and hip. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of a sample of 7
      year-old school children. SETTING: Six elementary schools in Reykjavik, Iceland.
      SUBJECTS: All children attending second grade in these six schools were invited
      to participate. Three hundred twenty-six children were invited and 211 (65%)
      participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lean body mass, bone mineral
      density, bone mineral content and total fat mass. RESULTS: Both BMD and BMC were
      positively correlated with sex, height and lean body mass. Fat mass was
      positively correlated to BMC but not BMD in the total body and lumbar vertebrae.
      When analyzed with multiple linear regression, the bone area and lean body mass
      (LBM) were positively associated with BMC in the hip and total body, but total
      fat mass (TFM) was negatively associated with BMC, the model explaining about 88%
      of the variance (R2) in the total body bone mineral content (TBMC) and 74% of the
      variance (R2) in the BMC of the hip. LBM was positively associated with total
      body bone mineral density (TBMD) but TFM negatively associated. Neither height
      nor gender contributed to total BMC and BMD in our multiple linear regression
      models. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes that fat mass may play different roles
      in children and adults and that both LBM and TFM should be taken into
      consideration when interpreting BMC and BMD for children.

PMID- 19969117
TI  - Exposure to MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines during pregnancy--a retrospective
      analysis.
AB  - Pregnant women are at increased risk for complications and death associated with
      pandemic H1N1 influenza infection and they are prioritized for vaccination by
      public health authorities. Few data are available on the safety of adjuvants as
      components of pandemic vaccines that could be given systematically to pregnant
      women. Here we review nonclinical and clinical data on pregnancy outcomes
      associated with exposure to MF59, an adjuvant used in licensed H1N1 pandemic
      vaccines. Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental toxicity of MF59 alone
      and of a candidate MF59-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine in animals demonstrated no
      evidence of teratogenicity or impact on fetal or early perinatal development. The
      clinical trial database encompassing all Novartis vaccine studies from 1991 to
      2009 was searched to compare pregnancy outcomes in subjects exposed to MF59
      adjuvanted or unadjuvanted influenza vaccines. Analysis of the clinical trial
      database found that the distribution of pregnancy outcomes (normal, abnormal, or
      ending in induced abortion) was similar in subjects exposed to MF59-adjuvanted
      and unadjuvanted influenza vaccine at any time in pregnancy and also,
      specifically, in early pregnancy: the respective proportions reported as a normal
      pregnancy outcome were 70% and 75%, respectively, overall, and 61% and 68%,
      respectively, in early pregnancy. Although data from the clinical database are
      too few to draw definitive conclusions on risks associated with exposure to MF59
      adjuvanted influenza vaccines during pregnancy, available observations, so far,
      indicate no signals of a risk. Further data will be forthcoming from planned post
      licensure studies of adjuvanted H1N1 vaccines as they are distributed in the
      pandemic response.

PMID- 19969118
TI  - Modified H5 promoter improves stability of insert genes while maintaining
      immunogenicity during extended passage of genetically engineered MVA vaccines.
AB  - We have engineered recombinant (r) Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) to express
      multiple antigens under the control of either of two related vaccinia synthetic
      promoters (pSyn) with early and late transcriptional activity or the modified H5
      (mH5) promoter which has predominant early activity. We sequentially passaged
      these constructs and analyzed their genetic stability by qPCR, and concluded that
      rMVA expressing multiple antigens using the mH5 promoter exhibit remarkable
      genetic stability and maintain potent immunogenicity after serial passage. In
      contrast, rMVA expressing antigens using engineered vaccinia synthetic E/L (pSyn
      I or II) promoters are genetically unstable. Progressive accumulation of antigen
      loss variants resulted in a viral preparation with lower immunogenicity after
      serial passage. Metabolic labeling, followed by cold chase revealed little
      difference in stability of proteins expressed from mH5 or pSyn promoter
      constructs. We conclude that maintenance of genetic stability which is achieved
      using mH5, though not with pSyn promoters, is linked to timing, not the magnitude
      of expression levels of foreign antigen, which is more closely associated with
      immunogenicity of the vaccine.

PMID- 19969119
TI  - Neem leaf glycoprotein matures myeloid derived dendritic cells and optimizes anti
      tumor T cell functions.
AB  - In an objective to find out an effective, nontoxic dendritic cell (DC) maturating
      agent for human use, CD14(+) monocytes were differentiated with GMCSF/IL-4 and
      matured with neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP). NLGP matured DCs (NLGP-DCs) show
      upregulated expression of CD83, CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHCs, in a comparable extent
      of control, LPS. NLGP-DCs secrete high amount of IL-12p70 with low IL-10. NLGP
      upregulates the expression of crucial transcription factor, ikaros, indicating
      maturation towards DC1 phenotype. Increased expression of CD28 and CD40L on T
      cells following co-culture with NLGP-DCs was noticed to promote DC-T
      interactions. As a result, T cells secrete high amount of IFN gamma with low IL-4
      and generates anti-tumor type 1 immune microenvironment. Such NLGP-DCs present
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) effectively to T cells to increase T cell mediated
      cytotoxicity of CEA(+) tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. With emergence of the
      NLGP as a promising DC maturating agent, NLGP-DCs can be used as a candidate
      vaccine tool for antigen specific cancer immunotherapy.

PMID- 19969121
TI  - Presidential address: widening the circle of compassion.

PMID- 19969120
TI  - Identification and evaluation of an infertility-associated ZP3 epitope from the
      marsupial brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
AB  - Immunologically based fertility control vaccines against zona pellucida (ZP)
      proteins are being developed in New Zealand for biocontrol of the brushtail
      possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), an introduced Australian marsupial pest. We have
      shown that immunization of female possums with recombinant possum ZP3 protein
      (rZP3) reduced fertility by 79%. To enhance the specificity of possum
      immunocontraceptive vaccines, B-cell epitopes on possum ZP3 protein were mapped
      using sera of female possums immunized with possum rZP3 and subjected to a
      fertility trial. The amino acid sequence of the full-length possum ZP3 protein
      was used to synthesize a complete set of 83 (12-mer) biotinylated peptides each
      with an overlap of five amino acids with the neighboring peptides. The peptides
      were used in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify
      continuous epitopes recognized by antibodies in the sera of possums immunized
      with possum rZP3. Sixteen epitopes were identified on the possum ZP3 protein.
      Comparison of the ELISA binding patterns of these peptides to antibodies in the
      individual sera with the fertility status of rZP3-immunized possums identified
      only one epitope (amino acids 156-172) to be associated with infertility.
      However, female possums immunized with this epitope showed no significant
      reduction in fertility. The possible reasons for the failure of this potential
      infertility epitope are discussed.

PMID- 19969122
TI  - Edgar J. Poth Memorial Lecture: lessons learned inside the beltway: one surgeon's
      encounters with health care policy.
AB  - Our health care system continues to undergo transformation in a context of
      extreme financial pressures. New models of care delivery and financing challenge
      us to rethink our practices as individual surgeons and as system participants.
      Understanding the fiscal realities of health care and how we are perceived by
      health care policy makers can help us to be meaningful participants in channeling
      reform to create better delivery systems for our patients. This article presents
      some background information about health care in America with a focus on
      government programs, and shares insights from my health care policy colleagues.

PMID- 19969123
TI  - The Claude Organ Memorial Lecture: the practice of surgery: surgery as practice.
AB  - Compassion fatigue or "burn out" occurs in all surgeons at some point in their
      career. Compassion fatigue can be identified, prevented and treated by simple
      measures of self care. In addition, learning techniques of mindfulness can allow
      surgeons to see their work in a way that decreases stress.

PMID- 19969124
TI  - Post-operative antibiotic use in nonperforated appendicitis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The appropriate use of preoperative antibiotics in patients
      undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis has been shown to decrease the
      rate of surgical site infections (SSIs). The benefits of postoperative courses of
      antibiotics in these patients, however, remain unclear. METHODS: The authors
      retrospectively reviewed all cases of nonperforated appendicitis performed at
      their institution over a 10-year period from 1997 to 2007. Patient outcomes were
      evaluated to include the postoperative development of SSIs, urinary tract
      infections, diarrhea, and Clostridium difficile infections. RESULTS: A total of
      763 patients who underwent appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis during the
      study period were identified. Five hundred seven of these patients had
      appropriate follow-up data and were the subjects of this study. Comparing
      patients who did and did not receive postoperative antibiotics, no significant
      differences in the rates of all SSIs (10% vs 9%, P = .64), superficial SSIs (9.3%
      vs 5.4%, P = .13), deep SSIs (.3% vs .5%, P = 1.0), organ space SSIs (2.8% vs
      2.7%, P = .87), urinary tract infections (.6% vs .5%, P = 1.0), and diarrhea
      (2.5% vs 1.1%, P = .34) were found between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of
      postoperative antibiotics in patients with nonperforated appendicitis does not
      decrease the rate of SSIs, while it may increase the cost of care.

PMID- 19969125
TI  - Diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnancy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnant patients is challenging.
      METHODS: The records of pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis were
      reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients with suspected appendicitis were
      identified. Twenty-four patients did not undergo surgery. Twenty-three patients
      had ultrasound (US), none of which visualized the appendix. Seventeen patients
      were followed up clinically and improved. Six patients had a negative computed
      tomography (CT) and none required surgery. Twenty-three patients underwent
      surgery for presumed appendicitis. Three patients had no imaging. Twelve patients
      had US only; US was positive in 5 patients and all had appendicitis. Seven
      patients who underwent surgery had a nondiagnostic US. One patient had
      appendicitis. Seven patients had a positive CT and appendicitis at surgery. One
      patient had a positive US and magnetic resonance imaging, and had appendicitis. A
      total of 43 patients had US, of which 86% were nondiagnostic. Six US were read as
      positive and all patients had appendicitis. Thirteen patients had CT with no
      false-positive or false-negative results. CONCLUSIONS: US, when read as positive,
      requires no further confirmatory test other than surgery. If US is nondiagnostic,
      further imaging may avoid a negative appendectomy.

PMID- 19969126
TI  - Does type of mesh used have an impact on outcomes in laparoscopic inguinal
      hernia?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Theoretically, a lighter and softer mesh may decrease nerve
      entrapment and chronic pain by creating less fibrosis and mesh contracture in
      laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: We performed a telephone survey of
      patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery between 2001 and
      2007. We recorded patient responses for chronic pain, foreign body sensation,
      recurrence, satisfaction, and return to work, and then studied the effect of type
      of mesh (polypropylene vs polyester) on these factors. RESULTS: Of 109
      consecutive patients surveyed (mean age, 54.5 y), 67 eligible patients underwent
      84 transabdominal extraperitoneal procedures and 2 transabdominal preperitoneal
      procedures. Patients with polypropylene mesh had a 3 times higher rate of chronic
      pain (P = .05), feeling of lump (P = .02), and foreign body perception (P = .05)
      than the polyester mesh group. Our overall 1-year recurrence rate was 5.9%. The
      recurrence rate was 9.3% for the polypropylene group and 2.9% for the polyester
      group (P = .26). CONCLUSIONS: A lightweight polyester mesh has better long-term
      outcomes for chronic pain and foreign body sensation compared with a heavy
      polypropylene mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. We also saw a trend
      toward higher recurrence in the polypropylene group.

PMID- 19969127
TI  - Permanent diversion rates after neoadjuvant therapy and coloanal anastomosis for
      rectal cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of permanent diversion
      in patients undergoing coloanal anastomosis after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal
      cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients with rectal
      cancer who underwent a total mesorectal excision of a tumor within 9 cm of the
      anal verge. RESULTS: There were 201 patients who underwent resection with
      coloanal anastomosis, with a mean follow-up period of 51 months. The average
      tumor distance from the anal verge was 7 cm (range, 4-9 cm). Neoadjuvant therapy
      was administrated in 145 patients, 47 had no radiation, and 9 received radiation
      postoperatively. Thirty-two patients (16%) had long-term complications including
      incontinence, fistulas, and strictures. Twenty-five patients (12%) had recurrent
      disease, 16 of these were local recurrence. The total rate of permanent diversion
      was 29 (14%). Reasons for diversion included local recurrence in 12 patients
      (6%), complications in 10 patients (5%), and poor function in 7 patients (3%).
      CONCLUSIONS: Poor bowel function, late complications, and local recurrence all
      contribute to permanent diversion after a coloanal anastomosis. Neoadjuvant
      therapy in conjunction with a total mesorectal excision and coloanal anastomosis
      leads to acceptably low permanent diversion rates in the vast majority of
      patients.

PMID- 19969128
TI  - Impact of initial surgical margins and residual cancer upon re-excision on
      outcome of patients with localized breast cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of patients undergoing breast conservation
      therapy require additional operations to obtain clear margins. The aim of this
      study was to assess the impact of initial margins and residual carcinoma found on
      second surgery on the outcomes of breast cancer patients. METHODS: In this
      retrospective study, Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis was performed to
      evaluate data from 437 patients with stage I to IIIA breast cancer who underwent
      initial breast-conserving surgery between 1994 and 2004. RESULTS: The distant
      recurrence rate was higher among patients with initial positive margins than
      among those with initial negative margins (15.5% vs 4.9%; hazard ratio, 3.6; 95%
      confidence interval 1.5-8.7; P = .003). For patients who had underwent second
      surgery, the finding of a residual invasive carcinoma was associated with
      increased risk for distant recurrence (22.8% vs 6.6%; hazard ratio, 3.5; 95%
      confidence interval, 1.8-7.4; P = .0001). CONCLUSION: Invasive residual carcinoma
      found during subsequent surgery after initial compromised margins is an important
      prognostic marker for distant recurrence.

PMID- 19969129
TI  - A novel intralymphatic nanocarrier delivery system for cisplatin therapy in
      breast cancer with improved tumor efficacy and lower systemic toxicity in vivo.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A lymphatically delivered nanoconjugate of cisplatin was evaluated in
      an orthotopic mouse model of locoregionally metastatic breast cancer (LABC) to
      determine if it can overcome some of the limitations of standard cisplatin
      therapy such as high systemic toxicity. METHODS: Human breast cancer cells (10(7)
      MDA-MB-468LN) were injected into the mammary fat pad of female nu/nu mice. Once
      tumor volume reached 50 mm(3), intravenous cisplatin or subcutaneous hyaluronan
      cisplatin (HA-cisplatin) nanoconjugate was given 1/week x 3 weeks at 3.3 mg/kg
      (platinum basis). RESULTS: Nanoconjugates colocalized with the tumors after
      subcutaneous peritumoral injection and showed improved efficacy to intravenous
      cisplatin. After 1 month, renal tubular hemorrhage and edema were more prevalent
      in the intravenous formulation compared with subcutaneous HA-cisplatin
      nanoconjugates. CONCLUSIONS: This nanocarrier delivery platform focuses on
      delivering drugs to the areas in which tumor burden is greatest, potentially
      reducing systemic toxicity, and has future applicability as a neoadjuvant or
      adjuvant therapy for LABC.

PMID- 19969130
TI  - Private insurance is the strongest predictor of women receiving breast
      conservation surgery for breast cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery
      (BCS) with irradiation yield similar results, yet many women continue to receive
      mastectomy. This study evaluates factors contributing to surgical decision-making
      in breast cancer. Registry data were obtained on all patients treated at the
      Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center (SWCTRC) between 2002 and 2006.
      Patient demographics, including age and race, and insurance type, tumor
      characteristics, surgical procedure performed, lymph node status, stage, adjuvant
      therapy, and outcome were analyzed against mastectomy versus BCS using bivariate
      and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: There was a higher proportion of uninsured
      patients in the mastectomy cohort, which also included more patients with later
      stage disease, larger tumor size, and a higher number of lymph node metastases.
      The only independent predictors of BCS were fewer lymph node metastases and
      having insurance. Patients with private insurance were almost 4 times more likely
      to receive BCS (odds ratio 3.90, 95% confidence interval 1.20-12.67).
      CONCLUSIONS: Insurance status is an important predictor determining whether a
      patient receives BCS or mastectomy for breast cancer.

PMID- 19969131
TI  - Is excisional biopsy indicated for patients with lobular neoplasia diagnosed on
      percutaneous core needle biopsy of the breast?
AB  - BACKGROUND: The value of excisional biopsy for patients with lobular neoplasia
      diagnosed by core needle breast biopsy is controversial. METHODS: A retrospective
      analysis of all patients with lobular carcinoma in situ or atypical lobular
      hyperplasia on core needle biopsy. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were identified.
      Twelve (48%) underwent excisional biopsy. None of the patients who had excisional
      biopsy were found to have ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive cancer. The
      mean follow-up was 66 months. Five patients (20%) developed DCIS or invasive
      cancer during follow-up. The rate of subsequent carcinoma among those undergoing
      excisional biopsy was 25%, and among those not undergoing excisional biopsy it
      was 15% (P = .57). Among patients who did not undergo excisional biopsy, none
      developed carcinoma within the same quadrant of the breast. CONCLUSIONS:
      Excisional biopsy for lobular neoplasia did not identify understaged carcinoma or
      alter the rate of subsequent carcinoma. The subsequent carcinoma risk is diffuse
      and bilateral; it does not correlate with the site at which lobular neoplasia was
      diagnosed.

PMID- 19969132
TI  - General surgery resident practice plans: a workforce for the future?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Available evidence indicates that there will be a general surgical
      workforce shortage in the future. METHODS: A 21-question survey instrument was
      mailed to all general surgery residency programs in the United States. RESULTS: A
      total of 1,169 residents responded. Seventy-eight percent of respondents
      anticipate pursuing fellowship training and thereby narrowing their scope of
      practice. Both male and female residents indicate that lifestyle is important in
      their decision-making process for choosing a fellowship and in the choice of
      practice type. Our data revealed that female residents anticipate working fewer
      hours, taking less emergency call, taking more extended leaves of absence, and
      retiring earlier than their male counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the
      health care system's future needs continue to be difficult. However, available
      evidence points to a shortfall in the general surgery workforce. An evaluation of
      our capacity to train new general surgeons should be performed to meet future
      demands.

PMID- 19969133
TI  - Distractions and surgical proficiency: an educational perspective.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Surgery training requires residents to focus on tasks while
      minimizing the effect of distractions. There is a need to develop training
      methodologies that can enable surgical residents to hone this ability. METHODS:
      Fourteen surgical residents were divided into 2 groups. They were trained to
      perform simulated tasks in a noiseless environment and subsequently performed
      these tasks in a distractive one. In a follow-up experiment, an experimental
      group was trained in noisy and distractive conditions and was compared with a
      control group trained in noiseless conditions. RESULTS: Residents who trained in
      noiseless environments possessed decreased surgical proficiency when performing
      the identical tasks in realistic environments (P < .05). Pretraining in a noisy
      environment improves surgical proficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Noise and distractions
      can significantly impede performance of surgical residents, but this effect can
      be nullified by introduction of noise and distractions in the training
      environment.

PMID- 19969134
TI  - Resident fatigue: is there a patient safety issue?
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 2003, the 80-hour resident workweek was implemented in response to
      concerns that fatigued residents led to substandard patient care. Existing
      evidence links fatigue with impaired human performance; however, this has not
      consistently translated into similar impairment in the clinical arena. There is
      now discussion of additional work hour restrictions. Sentinel events are major
      medical mistakes tracked by the Joint Commission (JC). Root cause analysis of
      these events can determine if resident fatigue plays a role in medical errors.
      METHODS: A retrospective review of sentinel events in our health system from
      January 2004 to July 2008 was performed. A root cause analysis for each event was
      performed. The JC national databank of sentinel events from 1995 to 2007 was also
      reviewed. In addition, a literature search was performed. RESULTS: At our
      institution, 110 sentinel events were identified. Root cause analysis showed no
      evidence of resident fatigue involvement. The JC's national databank includes
      4,817 sentinel events. No documented evidence of resident fatigue was found.
      CONCLUSIONS: Our data did not provide any evidence to support the contention that
      resident fatigue leads to increased medical errors. Clinical data supporting a
      direct relationship between resident fatigue and compromised patient safety must
      be demonstrated before further work hour restrictions are made. More research
      must be done. The JC should consider monitoring sentinel events for resident
      fatigue.

PMID- 19969135
TI  - Surgeons' performance during critical situations: competence, confidence, and
      composure.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Little is known about surgeons' performance during critical
      situations. We hypothesized that there are methods and techniques used by
      surgeons that facilitate performance during critical situations. METHODS:
      Surgical faculty and senior general surgery residents from a single academic
      health center were surveyed. RESULTS: Twenty-six surgeons participated. With
      respect to critical situations, the surgeons felt confident (96%), expected to be
      successful (96%), and most did not find these situations particularly stressful
      (62%). The majority reported using learned skills (92%) and agree their skills
      can be taught (82%). Practice and preparation were reported as very important
      (89%). A majority use pre-emptive visualization (68%). Competence, confidence,
      composure, preparation, and experience were most commonly listed as
      characteristics or behaviors that should be encouraged in aspiring surgeons.
      Anger, panic, indecision, fear, and chaos were the most commonly listed
      characteristics that should be discouraged. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons' response to
      performance under pressure is complex; however, surgeons report using simple,
      learned techniques that seem to be targeted toward eliminating the "fight or
      flight" sympathetic nervous system response.

PMID- 19969136
TI  - The effect of magnetic resonance imaging in the workup of breast cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming an often-utilized
      examination in the preoperative planning for breast cancer. However, it is not
      yet accepted as a routine examination for all breast cancer patients due to the
      lack of data regarding whether breast MRI has any effect on recurrence or
      survival. METHODS: The charts of 76 patients referred by their surgeons for
      breast MRI during breast cancer workup were reviewed to determine if the breast
      MRI changed the preoperative clinical staging, the operative plan, or prompted
      additional testing. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of 76 patients (50%) received follow-up
      imaging and 22/76 (29%) received additional biopsies. The breast MRI upstaged the
      cancer in 14/76 patients (18%). There was a change in the surgical plan in 19 of
      76 (25%) patients, all of whom received more extensive surgery than previously
      planned. CONCLUSION: Breast MRI contributed significantly to the workup and
      management of breast cancer at our institution, suggesting a higher stage in 18%
      of the patients and changing the surgical plan in 25% of the patients.

PMID- 19969137
TI  - Outcomes of surgical and radiologic placed implantable central venous access
      ports.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent literature suggests implantable central venous access ports
      (ICVAPs) can be placed by interventional radiologists with fewer complications
      and lower expenses when compared with surgeons. An analysis of outcomes and
      expenses of ICVAP placement by service was conducted. METHODS: Three hundred
      sixty-eight ICVAPs were placed over 3 years at a 230-bed community teaching
      hospital. A retrospective review of these procedures was conducted. Data recorded
      for each procedure included patient demographics, reason for placement,
      indwelling port days, complications, billed charges, and reimbursement. RESULTS:
      Two hundred seventy-six (75%) ICVAPs were placed by interventional radiologists,
      while surgeons placed the remaining 92 ports (25%). Short-term complications were
      identified in 7 interventional radiologist-placed ports (2.5%) and 1 surgically
      placed port (1.1%), P = .42. Billed charges were greater for interventional
      radiologist-placed ports ($5,301 vs $4,552, P = .0001). In contrast,
      reimbursement was greater for surgically placed ports: interventional radiologist
      31.3% of charges, surgery 42.8%, P = .049. CONCLUSION: Reimbursement and charges
      demonstrated significant differences between surgeons and interventional
      radiologists. Prior assertions that ports placed by interventional radiologists
      are less expensive with fewer complications may no longer be valid.

PMID- 19969138
TI  - Perioperative (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-guided imaging using the becquerel as a
      quantitative measure for optimizing surgical resection in patients with advanced
      malignancy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission
      tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning is a widely accepted
      preoperative tumor imaging modality. Herein, we evaluate the becquerel (Bq) as a
      potential novel quantitative PET measure for application of surgical specimen
      imaging. METHODS: Retrospectively, PET-avid lesions that could be followed from
      preoperative imaging, confidently identified in the operating room, imaged ex
      vivo, and correlated with histopathology were included in this study. Bq counts
      from both in vivo (preoperative) and ex vivo (surgical specimen) PET/CT images
      were measured and correlated with histopathology. RESULTS: Fifty-five PET-avid
      lesions in 37 patients were included. Forty-six of 55 PET-avid lesions identified
      were found to contain malignancy on histopathology. Mean Bq counts for the PET
      avid lesions were significantly higher that the adjacent PET-nonavid areas
      (background) within both in vivo and ex vivo imaging (P < .001 and P < .001,
      respectively). When analyzing all 55 lesions, we found significant increases in
      Bq levels. PET-avid lesions from in vivo to ex vivo images (P < .001) without
      significant increases in Bq levels in PET-nonavid lesions from in vivo to ex vivo
      images (P = .06). When comparing Bq levels between the 2 groups (malignant and
      benign), we found significantly higher Bq counts in the malignant group on in
      vivo imaging (P = .02) as well as significantly lower Bq counts in FDG-nonavid
      areas on ex vivo imaging (P = .04) within the malignant group. Significant
      differences in PET-avid to PET-nonavid Becquerels ratios within both in vivo and
      ex vivo images (P = .004, P = .002 respectively) were found, with ex vivo ratio
      being significantly higher (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging
      using Bqs is the potential to discern malignant lesions from benign tissues
      within both in vivo and ex vivo scans.

PMID- 19969139
TI  - Tissue diagnosis of new lung nodules in patients with a known malignancy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: New lung nodules in patients with known malignancy often represent
      metastatic disease. However, a lack of pathological confirmation can lead to
      inappropriate treatment. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of
      patients with malignancy undergoing tissue diagnosis of a lung nodule between
      January 2006 and January 2008. RESULTS: Ninety-five cancer patients were
      identified with new lung nodules. Percutaneous biopsy was the first diagnostic
      procedure in 64 patients, showing metastatic disease in 37 patients and an
      alternative specific diagnosis in 9 patients. Eighteen biopsies were
      nondiagnostic. Surgical resection was the first diagnostic procedure in 31
      patients. This confirmed cancer in 16 patients and benign disease in 15 patients.
      Overall, tissue diagnosis changed management in 31% of patients. CONCLUSIONS:
      Pathological confirmation of metastatic disease is vital before treatment,
      especially in regions with endemic pulmonary fungal diseases, because a number of
      lung nodules will represent benign processes despite a history of cancer.

PMID- 19969140
TI  - The bispectral index, a useful adjunct for the timely diagnosis of brain death in
      the comatose trauma patient.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The bispectral index (BIS) is a processed electroencephalographic
      value (awake = 100, isoelectric = 0). The relationship of BIS and brain death
      (BD) is assessed. METHODS: BIS was evaluated in GCS 3 head-injured patients with
      BD (no brain function including apnea) or near BD (no apnea or negative ancillary
      test [cerebral perfusion and electroencephalogram]). RESULTS: In 27 patients,
      there were 37 BD evaluations (apnea assessment or ancillary test). BD was
      confirmed in 62% (n = 23). However, 38% (n = 14) showed near BD. BD BIS is 3 + or
      - 5 and near BD BIS is 36 + or - 31 (P = .002). In the 23 BD patients, BIS was
      <20 for 7 hours + or - 6 hours before a BD evaluation was performed. Of 14 near
      BD evaluations, 9 (64%) had BIS > or = 20. BIS <20 for predicting BD had a
      sensitivity of 100% (23/23), a positive predictive value of 84% (23/28), and a
      negative predictive value of 100% (9/9). CONCLUSIONS: Distinguishing brain death
      and near brain death in severely comatose trauma patients is complex. By
      indicating the likelihood of brain death, BIS is an adjunct for efficient
      evaluation.

PMID- 19969141
TI  - Impact of joint theater trauma system initiatives on battlefield injury outcomes.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The US military forces developed and implemented the Joint Theater
      Trauma System (JTTS) and Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR) using US civilian
      trauma system models with the intent of improving outcomes after battlefield
      injury. METHODS: The purpose of this analysis was to elaborate the impact of the
      JTTS. To quantify these achievements, the JTTR captured mechanism, acute
      physiology, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data on 23,250 injured patients
      admitted to deployed US military treatment facilities from July 2003 through July
      2008 for analysis. Comparative analysis to civilian trauma systems was done using
      the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). RESULTS: In contrast to civilian trauma
      systems with an 11.1% rate of penetrating injury, 68.3% of battlefield wounds
      were by penetrating mechanism. In the analyzed cohort, 23.3% of all patients had
      an Injury Severe Score (ISS) > or = 16, which is similar to the civilian rate of
      22.4%. In the military injury population, 66% of injuries were combat-related. In
      addition, in the military injury group, 21.8% had metabolic evidence of shock
      with a base deficit > or = 5, 29.8% of patients required blood transfusion, and
      6.4% of the total population of combat casualties required massive transfusion
      (>10 U red blood cells/24 hours). With this complex and severely injured
      population of battlefield injuries, the JTTS elements were used to recognize and
      remedy more than 60 trauma system issues requiring leadership and advocacy,
      education, research, and alterations in clinical care. Of particular importance
      to the trauma system was the implementation and tracking of performance
      improvement indicators and the dissemination of 27 evidence-based clinical
      practice guidelines (CPGs). In particular, the damage control resuscitation
      guideline was associated with a decrease in mortality in the massively transfused
      from 32% pre-CPG to 21% post-CPG. As evidence of the effectiveness of the JTTS, a
      mortality rate of 5.2% after battlefield hospital admission is comparable to a
      case fatality rate of 4.3% reported in an age-matched cohort from the NTDB.
      CONCLUSIONS: JTTS initiatives contributed to improved survival after battlefield
      injury. The JTTS has set the standard of trauma care for the modern battlefield
      using contemporary systems-based methodologies.

PMID- 19969142
TI  - Trauma: the impact of repeat imaging.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients referred to trauma centers often undergo an extensive
      diagnostic work-up before transfer. The purpose of our study was to quantify and
      examine the effects of repeat imaging in this population. METHODS: A prospective
      cohort study of 410 patient transfers was performed. Repeat imaging was conducted
      at the discretion of the accepting surgeon for multiple reasons. Two groups were
      compared, those who did and those who did not require repeat imaging. RESULTS:
      Overall, 53% of referrals received repeat imaging, at an average cost of $2,985
      per patient. This group was older (42 vs 37 y; P < .05), more severely injured
      (injury severity score, 12 vs 9; P < .05), and experienced longer delays before
      transfer (244 vs 192 min; P < .05). By using logistic regression analysis, injury
      severity score was found to be an independent predictor of the need for repeat
      imaging (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Severely injured trauma patients often receive
      films that ultimately require duplication, resulting in transfer delay,
      unnecessary morbidity, and increased resource use. Targeted education and
      development of centralized radiology systems could alleviate some of the burden
      of unnecessary imaging.

PMID- 19969143
TI  - Airway management for victims of penetrating trauma: analysis of 50,000 cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Current recommendations for victims of penetrating trauma include
      prompt transportation to a trauma center. It remains unclear whether field
      intubation allows for improvements in mortality rate. METHODS: A retrospective
      review of the National Trauma Data Bank of adult victims of penetrating trauma
      was performed. Standard demographic data, method, and location of airway
      management were examined. Mortality rate was used as the primary outcome measure.
      RESULTS: There were 56,094 victims of penetrating trauma identified. A total of
      1,925 patients required a prehospital airway. The mortality rate for patients who
      underwent airway management at the scene was 69.2%, compared with a rate of 35.9%
      for patients in whom airway management was deferred. The mortality rate for
      patients undergoing surgical airway management at the scene was only 23.9%.
      CONCLUSIONS: Victims of penetrating trauma who require any airway management have
      a high mortality rate. The cause of this difference awaits further prospective
      investigation.

PMID- 19969144
TI  - Sepsis in general surgery: a deadly complication.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a deadly and potentially preventable complication. A better
      understanding of sepsis in general surgery patients is needed to help direct
      resources to those patients at highest risk for death from sepsis. METHODS: We
      identified risk factors for sepsis in general surgery patients by using the
      National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. RESULTS: Analysis of the
      database identified 3 major risk factors for both the development of sepsis and
      death from sepsis in general surgery patients. These risk factors are age older
      than 60 years, need for emergency surgery, and the presence of comorbid
      conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for death from sepsis or septic shock in
      general surgery patients include age older than 60 years, need for emergency
      surgery, and the presence of preexisting comorbidities. These findings emphasize
      the need for early recognition through aggressive sepsis screening and rapid
      implementation of evidence-based interventions for sepsis and septic shock in
      general surgery patients with these risk factors.

PMID- 19969145
TI  - Using antimicrobial solution for irrigation in appendicitis to lower surgical
      site infection rates.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The use of antimicrobial solutions for irrigation in appendicitis is
      controversial. Numerous antiseptic and antibiotic solutions have been suggested
      for use as an intraoperative irrigant. We sought to determine whether there was a
      difference in postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) comparing normal
      saline (.9%), antiseptic solution (Dakin's, .25%), and an antibiotic solution
      (imipenem 1 mg/mL). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of adult
      appendectomies from January 1997 through November 2007 at a single institution
      The data were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis and chi
      square test. The incidences of postoperative overall SSI, wound infection, and
      abdominal abscess were compared. RESULTS: A total of 1,063 cases were identified.
      Saline (n = 661) had an SSI rate of 9.8% (65/661), a wound infection rate of 7.3%
      (48/661), and an abdominal abscess rate of 4.2% (28/661). Dakin's (n = 208) had
      an SSI rate of 20.7% (43/208), a wound infection rate of 15.9% (33/208), and an
      abdominal abscess rate of 9.1% (19/208). Imipenem (n = 194) irrigation had an SSI
      rate of .5% (1/194), a wound infection rate of .5% (1/194), and an abdominal
      abscess rate of .5% (1/194). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that abdominal
      irrigation with an antibiotic solution (imipenem 1 mg/mL) is superior to both
      normal saline and Dakin's solution.

PMID- 19969146
TI  - Lessons learned from the institution of the Surgical Care Improvement Project at
      a teaching medical center.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) was designed to reduce
      perioperative complications. We describe our institutional experience in 6 major
      areas: surgical site infection, venous thromboembolism prevention, use of
      perioperative beta-blockade, serum glucose level greater than 200 mg/dL,
      normothermia, and the use of electric razors for hair removal. METHODS: This was
      a retrospective review of surgical cases. Evidence-based training and
      standardization of system and process were undertaken. Compliance with SCIP
      guidelines was determined. RESULTS: Overall SCIP compliance improved from 80% to
      94% over a 2-year period. Standardized antibiotic dosing times improved
      compliance to more than 90%. Appropriate preoperative antibiotic choice improved
      to 100%. Cessation of antibiotics postoperatively within 24 hours remains a
      difficult task. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis has been difficult to achieve
      because of postoperative bleeding concerns. Administration of beta-blockers has
      remained one of the most difficult problems to correct because of the
      multiplicity of avenues by which a patient may arrive to the operating suite.
      CONCLUSIONS: Achievement of the SCIP goals is a formidable, but achievable,
      process requiring individual, cultural, systems, and institutional changes to
      achieve success.

PMID- 19969147
TI  - Contemporary outcomes of open thoracic aortic surgery in a veteran population: do
      risk models exaggerate mortality?
AB  - BACKGROUND: We evaluated contemporary outcomes of open thoracic aortic surgery at
      a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center affiliated with a major academic aortic
      program and examined the predictive value of 2 established cardiac risk models.
      METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all open thoracic aortic operations
      performed between April 1998 and April 2008 (n = 100). Both the EuroSCORE and the
      VA Continuous Improvement in Cardiac Surgery Program (CICSP) scores were
      evaluated. RESULTS: Procedures included ascending aortic repair (n = 74, 15 with
      arch repair), descending thoracic repair (n = 11, 1 with arch repair), and
      thoracoabdominal aortic repair (n = 15). Emergency surgery was necessary in 15
      cases, and 19 procedures were reoperations. The patients' logistic EuroSCORE and
      the CICSP scores were similar (18.7% and 18.2%, respectively), but both scores
      significantly exceeded the observed operative mortality rate (8.0%, P = .008).
      CONCLUSIONS: Good outcomes can be achieved when thoracic aortic surgery is
      performed at an experienced VA center. The cardiac risk models we examined
      overpredicted operative mortality.

PMID- 19969148
TI  - Complications of recombinant activated human coagulation factor VII.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) frequently is used for treatment of
      life-threatening hemorrhage in trauma. METHODS: A retrospective review of injured
      patients receiving rFVIIa at an American College of Surgeons-verified Level 1
      trauma center was performed. Controls were matched for age, sex, Injury Severity
      Score, and traumatic brain injury. Thrombotic complications in patients
      administered rFVIIa, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolus,
      acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, mesenteric ischemia, arterial
      thromboembolism, and death, were determined. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were
      given rFVIIa, of whom 5 (13.8%) had thrombotic complications. Indications for
      rFVIIa were life-threatening intracranial bleeding in the presence of pre-injury
      anticoagulation or hemorrhage. The incidences of DVT (n = 4) and acute myocardial
      infarction (n = 1) were noted. In the control group, there were fewer thrombotic
      complications (DVT, 1; pulmonary embolus, 1). The mortality rate (52.8%) was
      higher in patients receiving rFVIIa compared with the control group (22.2%; P =
      .014). Pre-injury anticoagulation was common in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS:
      Pre-injury anticoagulation is frequently the indication for rFVIIa
      administration. Thrombotic complications occur with rFVIIa administration. The
      mortality rate of injured patients who receive rFVIIa is high.

PMID- 19969149
TI  - The effect of red blood cell age on coagulation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) units stored and unused at community
      hospitals are transferred to trauma centers near the end of their shelf storage
      life, because of a higher likelihood of utilization before expiration without
      consideration of coagulation system effects. This study was conducted to
      determine if the stored age of PRBC units has an effect on coagulation. METHODS:
      Single-donor citrate/phosphate/dextrose-preserved, PRBCs, and fresh frozen plasma
      (FFP) were recalcified in an in vitro model. The activated clotting time (ACT)
      was measured using the microsample method on days 3, 19, 20, and 33 from the date
      of donation. RESULTS: The ACT was prolonged as the age of PRBCs increased while
      other factors were held constant. ACTs on days 19, 20, and 33 were prolonged
      relative to day 3. Measurements taken on day 33 were significantly prolonged
      relative to day 20. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing age of PRBCs measured from the date
      of donation adversely affects the global coagulation status. This study suggests
      that we should re-evaluate current blood banking and transfusion practices in
      trauma care.

PMID- 19969150
TI  - Initial experiences and outcomes of telepresence in the management of trauma and
      emergency surgical patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Teletrauma programs allow rural patients access to advanced trauma
      and emergency medical services that are often limited to urban areas. METHODS: A
      retrospective analysis of 59 teleconsults between 5 rural hospitals and a level I
      trauma center was performed. The objectives of this study were to report the
      initial experience with a telemedicine program connecting 5 rural hospitals with
      a level I trauma center. RESULTS: A total of 59 trauma and general surgery
      patients were evaluated. Of those, 35 (59%) were trauma patients, and 24 (41%)
      were general surgery patients. Fifty patients (85%) were from the first hospital
      at which teletrauma was established. For 6 patients, the teletrauma consults were
      considered potentially lifesaving; 17 patients (29%) were kept in the rural
      hospitals (8 trauma and 9 general surgery patients). Treating patients in the
      rural hospitals avoided transfers, saving an average of $19,698 per air transport
      or $2,055 per ground transport. CONCLUSIONS: The telepresence of a trauma surgeon
      aids in the initial evaluation, treatment, and care of patients, improving
      outcomes and reducing the costs of trauma care.

PMID- 19969151
TI  - A multidisciplinary protocol improves electrolyte replacement and its
      effectiveness.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We implemented a multidisciplinary electrolyte replacement protocol
      in a tertiary referral center surgical intensive care unit. The purpose of this
      study was to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. The
      electrolyte replacement protocol was designed for the replacement of potassium,
      magnesium, and phosphorous and was nurse driven. Data evaluated included patient
      demographics and details specific to electrolyte replacement. Univariate analyses
      were performed by using the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. A P value
      of <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: After implementation of the
      protocol, overall electrolyte replacement improved from 70% to 79% (P = .03), and
      its overall effectiveness increased from 50% to 65% (P = .01). Individual
      electrolyte replacement, effectiveness, and dosing varied. CONCLUSIONS: The
      implementation of a multidisciplinary electrolyte replacement protocol in a
      tertiary referral center surgical intensive care unit significantly improved both
      overall electrolyte replacement and its effectiveness.

PMID- 19969152
TI  - Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome: when is surgical
      help needed?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Life-threatening hemorrhage is a rare event in hemolysis, elevated
      liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Epidemiologic data are lacking
      to predict patients at risk for hemorrhage requiring surgical consultation. We
      sought to identify early clinical predictors of hemorrhagic complications in
      patients at risk for HELLP syndrome. METHODS: Patients at risk for HELLP syndrome
      from 1997 to 2007 were identified retrospectively. Variables evaluated in at-risk
      women were maternal age, gestational history, hepatic transaminase levels, and
      platelet count. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify
      independent predictors of poor maternal outcomes, which were defined as
      hemorrhage requiring transfusion of blood products, need for surgical
      intervention, hepatic rupture, and death. RESULTS: A total of 109 at-risk women
      were identified. Adverse outcomes included transfusions (18%), hemorrhage
      interventions (8%), damage control laparotomy (2.8%), and hepatic rupture (2.8%).
      Maternal and perinatal mortality were .9% and 3.7%, respectively. Median
      transfusion requirements for women with hepatic rupture were 56 U of packed red
      blood cells, 26 U of fresh-frozen plasma, 18 U of platelets, and 6 U of
      cryoprecipitate. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed previous gestations
      (P = .002), platelet count (P = .01), and aspartate aminotransferase level
      increase (P = .04) were independent predictors of life-threatening hemorrhage.
      Previous gestations increased the risk of adverse outcome 3-fold. CONCLUSIONS:
      Identifiable risk factors predictive of major hemorrhage are thrombocytopenia
      (<100,000 cells/microL), increase of aspartate aminotransferase level greater
      than 70 IU/L, and previous gestations.

PMID- 19969153
TI  - Will surgeons' continuity of care strikeout or hit a home run?

PMID- 19969157
TI  - Patient motivation and adherence to postsurgery rehabilitation exercise
      recommendations: the influence of physiotherapists' autonomy-supportive
      behaviors.
AB  - Chan DK, Lonsdale C, Ho PY, Yung PS, Chan KM. Patient motivation and adherence to
      postsurgery rehabilitation exercise recommendations: the influence of
      physiotherapists' autonomy-supportive behaviors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the
      impact of physiotherapists' autonomy-supportive behaviors on patients' motivation
      and rehabilitation adherence after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
      reconstruction surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Outpatient
      orthopedic clinic of a university medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Postsurgery ACL
      reconstruction patients (N=115; minimum postsurgery interval, 6mo; mean +/- SD
      postsurgery interval, 1.77+/-0.8y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Questionnaires measuring autonomy support from physiotherapists (Health
      Care Climate Questionnaire), treatment motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation
      Questionnaire), and rehabilitation adherence (adapted from the Sport Injury
      Rehabilitation Adherence Scale and the Patient Self-Report Scales of Their Home
      Based Rehabilitation Adherence). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling analyses
      revealed that patients' treatment motivation mediated the relationship between
      physiotherapists' autonomy-supportive behaviors and rehabilitation adherence.
      Autonomy-supportive behavior positively predicted autonomous treatment motivation
      (beta=.22, P<.05). Rehabilitation adherence (R(2)=.28) was predicted positively
      by autonomous motivation (beta=.64, P<.05) and negatively predicted by controlled
      motivation (beta=-.28, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings are
      promising and provide an empirical basis for further research to test the
      efficacy of autonomy support training designed to increase patients'
      rehabilitation adherence.

PMID- 19969158
TI  - Effect of pilates training on people with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study.
AB  - Altan L, Korkmaz N, Bingol U, Gunay B. Effect of Pilates training on people with
      fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of
      Pilates on pain, functional status, and quality of life in fibromyalgia, which is
      known to be a chronic musculoskeletal disorder. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective,
      controlled, and single-blind trial. SETTING: Physical medicine and rehabilitation
      department. PARTICIPANTS: Women (N=50) who had a diagnosis of fibromyalgia
      syndrome (FMS) according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria.
      INTERVENTION: The participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups. In group 1,
      a Pilates exercise program of 1 hour was given by a certified trainer to 25
      participants 3 times a week for 12 weeks. In group 2, which was designed as the
      control group, 25 participants were given a home exercise (relaxation/stretching)
      program. In both groups, pre- (week 0) and posttreatment (week 12 and week 24)
      evaluation was performed by one of the authors, who was blind to the group
      allocation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures were pain (visual
      analog scale) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Exploratory outcome
      measures were number of tender points, algometric score, chair test, and
      Nottingham Health Profile. RESULTS: Twenty-five Pilates exercise and 24
      relaxation/stretching exercise participants completed the study. In group 1,
      significant improvement was observed in both pain and FIQ at week 12 but only in
      FIQ at 24 weeks. In group 2, no significant improvement was obtained in pain and
      FIQ at week 12 and week 24. Comparison of the 2 groups showed significantly
      superior improvement in pain and FIQ in group 1 at week 12 but no difference
      between the 2 groups at week 24. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest Pilates as an effective
      and safe method for people with FMS. Our study is the first clinical study
      designed to investigate the role of the Pilates method in FMS treatment. We
      believe that further research with more participants and longer follow-up periods
      could help assess the therapeutic value of this popular physical exercise method.

PMID- 19969159
TI  - Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait endurance but not usual walking
      activity in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - Mudge S, Barber PA, Stott NS. Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait
      endurance but not usual walking activity in chronic stroke: a randomized
      controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether circuit-based rehabilitation
      would increase the amount and rate that individuals with stroke walk in their
      usual environments. DESIGN: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING:
      Rehabilitation clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty participants with a residual gait
      deficit at least 6 months after stroke originally enrolled in the study. Two
      withdrew in the initial phase, leaving 58 participants (median age, 71.5y; range,
      39.0-89.0y) who were randomized to the 2 intervention groups. INTERVENTIONS: The
      exercise group had 12 sessions of clinic-based rehabilitation delivered in a
      circuit class designed to improve walking. The control group received a
      comparable duration of group social and educational classes. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Usual walking performance was assessed using the StepWatch Activity
      Monitor. Clinical tests were gait speed (timed 10-meter walk) and endurance (six
      minute walk test [6MWT]), confidence (Activities-Based Confidence Scale), self
      reported mobility (Rivermead Mobility Index [RMI]), and self-reported physical
      activity (Physical Activity and Disability Scale). RESULTS: Intention-to-treat
      analysis revealed that the exercise group showed a significantly greater distance
      for the 6MWT than the control group immediately after the intervention (P=.030)
      but that this effect was not retained 3 months later. There were no changes in
      the StepWatch measures of usual walking performance for either group. The
      exercise and control groups had significantly different gait speed (P=.038) and
      scores on the RMI (P=.025) at the 3-month follow-up. These differences
      represented a greater decline in the control group compared with the exercise
      group for both outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: Circuit-based rehabilitation leads
      to improvements in gait endurance but does not change the amount or rate of
      walking performance in usual environments. Clinical gains made by the exercise
      group were lost 3 months later. Future studies should consider whether
      rehabilitation needs to occur in usual environments to improve walking
      performance.

PMID- 19969160
TI  - Randomized controlled trial for efficacy of intra-articular injection for
      adhesive capsulitis: ultrasonography-guided versus blind technique.
AB  - Lee H-J, Lim K-B, Kim D-Y, Lee K-T. Randomized controlled trial for efficacy of
      intra-articular injection for adhesive capsulitis: ultrasonography-guided versus
      blind technique. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of ultrasonography
      (US)-guided intra-articular injections compared with a blind (unguided) technique
      for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.
      SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=43)
      diagnosed as having adhesive capsulitis after clinical examinations and
      radiologic and ultrasonographic study. INTERVENTION: Under either US-guided or a
      blind technique, patients received a 20-mg intra-articular injection of
      triamcinolone mixed with 1.5mL 2% lidocaine and 4mL normal saline in the first
      week followed by 5 weekly injections of sodium hyaluronate. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: A visual analog scale for pain intensity, range of motion (ROM) of the
      shoulder (flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation), and
      general shoulder function during daily activities at preinjection as a baseline
      and then every week after injection for 6 weeks for each patient. RESULTS: Twenty
      patients out of 22 in the blind injection group and 20 out of 21 in the US-guided
      group finished the entire 6-week study period. The improvement in pain intensity,
      ROM, and shoulder function score was significantly greater in the US-guided
      injection group than in the blind injection group by the second week
      postinjection (P<.05). However, there were no further significant differences in
      the improvement between the 2 groups beyond the third week. CONCLUSIONS: US
      guided intra-articular injections may offer advantages over a blind technique for
      the treatment of adhesive capsulitis and may deliver clinical benefits during the
      first few weeks of treatment. This finding suggests that the improved targeting
      to the intra-articular space by using US can result in better treatment of
      adhesive capsulitis.

PMID- 19969161
TI  - Planning, leisure-time physical activity, and coping self-efficacy in persons
      with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Martin Ginis KA, Latimer AE. Planning, leisure-time
      physical activity, and coping self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injury: a
      randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of action and
      coping planning (ACP) on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and coping self
      efficacy in exercise initiates living with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Ten
      week, single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: General community.
      PARTICIPANTS: Adults (N=44) with SCI (mean age +/- SD, 49.70+/-12.71y) were
      randomly assigned to either an action planning only (APO; n=22) or an ACP (n=22)
      condition. INTERVENTION: Participants in the APO condition formed action plans
      for LTPA at weeks 1 and 5, and self-monitored their LTPA behavior. Those in the
      ACP condition formed coping plans for managing self-identified activity barriers,
      in addition to forming action plans and self-monitoring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
      Measures of intentions, coping self-efficacy, and behavior were assessed at weeks
      1, 5, and 10. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses indicated that persons in the
      ACP condition reported significantly greater LTPA, scheduling, and general
      barriers self-efficacy at weeks 5 and 10, in comparison with those in the APO
      condition. Scheduling self-efficacy mediated the effects of the intervention on
      LTPA, accounting for 38% of the total effect of the intervention on week 5 LTPA.
      CONCLUSIONS: These findings illustrate the effectiveness of supplementing action
      plans with coping plans for enhancing LTPA and coping self-efficacy beliefs among
      exercise initiates living with SCI.

PMID- 19969163
TI  - Improvement of stance control and muscle performance induced by focal muscle
      vibration in young-elderly women: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - Filippi GM, Brunetti O, Botti FM, Panichi R, Roscini M, Camerota F, Cesari M,
      Pettorossi VE. Improvement of stance control and muscle performance induced by
      focal muscle vibration in young-elderly women: a randomized controlled trial.
      OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a particular protocol of mechanical
      vibration, applied focally and repeatedly (repeated muscle vibration [rMV]) on
      the quadriceps muscles, on stance and lower-extremity muscle power of young
      elderly women. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled trial; 3-month follow
      up after intervention. SETTING: Human Physiology Laboratories, University of
      Perugia, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: Sedentary women volunteers (N=60), randomized in 3
      groups (mean age +/- SD, 65.3+/-4.2y; range, 60-72). INTERVENTION: rMV (100Hz,
      300-500microm, in three 10-minute sessions a day for 3 consecutive days) was
      applied to voluntary contracted quadriceps (vibrated and contracted group) and
      relaxed quadriceps (vibrated and relaxed group). A third group received placebo
      stimulation (nonvibrated group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Area of sway of the
      center of pressure, vertical jump height, and leg power. RESULTS: Twenty-four
      hours after the end of the complete series of applications, the area of sway of
      the center of pressure decreased significantly by approximately 20%, vertical
      jump increased by approximately 55%, and leg power increased by approximately
      35%. These effects were maintained for at least 90 days after treatment.
      CONCLUSIONS: rMV is a short-lasting and noninvasive protocol that can
      significantly and persistently improve muscle performance in sedentary young
      elderly women.

PMID- 19969162
TI  - Factors influencing decisions to admit patients to veterans affairs specialized
      rehabilitation units after lower-extremity amputation.
AB  - Bates BE, Kwong PL, Kurichi JE, Bidelspach DE, Reker DM, Maislin G, Xie D,
      Stineman M. Factors influencing decisions to admit patients to Veterans Affairs
      specialized rehabilitation units after lower-extremity amputation. OBJECTIVE: To
      understand patient- and facility-level characteristics that influence decisions
      to admit veterans to a specialized rehabilitation unit (SRU) after a lower
      extremity amputation. DESIGN: Database study. SETTING: All Veterans Affairs
      Medical Centers (VAMCs). PARTICIPANTS: Veterans with lower-extremity amputation
      discharged from VAMCs between October 1, 2002, and September 30, 2004.
      INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Admission to an SRU.
      RESULTS: There were a total of 2922 veterans with lower-extremity amputations;
      616 patients were admitted to an SRU, whereas 2306 received consultative
      rehabilitation services only. Patients admitted to an SRU waited longer to have
      their first rehabilitation assessment after surgery and had middle-range physical
      and cognitive disabilities. Patients who received consultative rehabilitation
      services only tended to have greater illness burden. They were more likely to
      have previous amputation complication, paralysis, or renal failure and either
      very severe or minimal physical and cognitive disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The
      selection of veterans with new lower-extremity amputations for admission to an
      SRU appears clinically reasonable and based on the likelihood of successful
      outcomes.

PMID- 19969164
TI  - Behavioral and neurophysiologic response to therapy for chronic aphasia.
AB  - Breier JI, Juranek J, Maher LM, Schmadeke S, Men D, Papanicolaou AC. Behavioral
      and neurophysiologic response to therapy for chronic aphasia. OBJECTIVE: To
      characterize the relationship between neurophysiologic changes in the brain and
      behavioral response to constraint-induced language therapy (CILT) by using
      magnetoencephalography (MEG). DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Medical school.
      PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=23) with chronic aphasia after first-time unilateral
      stroke in the left hemisphere. INTERVENTIONS: Constraint-induced language therapy
      administered for 3 hours 4 times per week for 3 weeks. Language testing and
      functional imaging during a language comprehension task using MEG before,
      immediately after, and 3 months after CILT with a subgroup of patients undergoing
      additional MEG scanning and language testing 3 weeks before CILT. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: The percent of correct information units and the number of late dipoles
      normalized to total activation. RESULTS: Three patterns of behavioral and
      neurophysiologic response to CILT were identified. Patients with significant
      improvement in language immediately after CILT who lost these gains at follow-up
      had greater right hemisphere activation than other patients at all MEG scanning
      sessions. Patients with significant improvement in language immediately after
      CILT who maintained these gains at follow-up exhibited an increase in left
      temporal activation after CILT, whereas patients who did not exhibit significant
      improvement in language after CILT exhibited comparably greater activation in
      left parietal areas. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that although the right
      hemisphere may support recovery of language function in response to therapy, this
      recovery may not be stable, and some participation of perilesional areas of the
      left hemisphere may be necessary for a stable behavioral response.

PMID- 19969165
TI  - Wheelchair repairs, breakdown, and adverse consequences for people with traumatic
      spinal cord injury.
AB  - McClure LA, Boninger ML, Oyster ML, Williams S, Houlihan B, Lieberman JA, Cooper
      RA. Wheelchair repairs, breakdown, and adverse consequences for people with
      traumatic spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of repairs
      that occurred in a 6-month period and the consequences of breakdowns on
      wheelchair users living with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), and to determine
      whether certain wheelchair and subject characteristics are associated with an
      increased number of repairs and adverse consequences. DESIGN: Convenience sample
      survey. SETTING: Sixteen Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems Centers that are part
      of the national database funded through the Department of Education, National
      Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. PARTICIPANTS: People with
      SCI who use a wheelchair for more than 40h/wk (N=2213). INTERVENTION: Not
      applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The frequency of wheelchair repairs and
      occurrence of adverse consequences caused by a wheelchair breakdown in a 6-month
      period. RESULTS: Within a 6-month period, 44.8% of full-time wheelchair users
      completed a repair, and 8.7% had an adverse consequence occur. People who use
      power wheelchairs required significantly more repairs (P<.001), and adverse
      consequences occurred more frequently (P<.001) compared with manual wheelchair
      users. The presence of power seat functions, and a person's occupational status
      or sex did not influence the number of repairs or adverse consequences.
      CONCLUSIONS: Frequent repairs and breakdown can negatively impact a person's life
      by decreasing community participation and threatening health and safety.
      Mandatory compliance with the American National Standards Institute and the
      Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America
      standards, changes in insurance reimbursement policy, and patient and clinician
      education are necessary to reduce the number of repairs and adverse consequences
      that occur.

PMID- 19969166
TI  - Rasch validation of the falls prevention strategies survey.
AB  - Finlayson ML, Peterson EW, Fujimoto KA, Plow MA. Rasch validation of the Falls
      Prevention Strategies Survey. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Falls Prevention
      Strategies Survey. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive survey design. With the
      use of Rasch analysis, the following aspects of the Falls Prevention Strategies
      Survey were evaluated: rating scale structure, item quality, participant fit and
      participant ability, invariance structure, and the potential to change in
      response to intervention. SETTING: Community-based, national sample.
      PARTICIPANTS: Adult registrants of the North America Research Committee on
      Multiple Sclerosis volunteer patient registry (N=457). INTERVENTIONS: Not
      applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Falls Prevention Strategies Survey is a
      self-report instrument addressing protective behaviors related to fall risk among
      adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) (eg, monitoring MS symptoms, wearing proper
      footwear, modifying activities). Response options reflect the frequency with
      which the respondent engages in the behavior (ie, never, sometimes, regularly).
      RESULTS: Analysis indicated that the rating scale structure (ie, response
      options) was valid. Of the original 19 items, 8 of them misfit and needed to be
      dropped to obtain a valid instrument under the Rasch model. With the final 11
      items, the instrument was able to distinguish participants of different ability
      levels across a range of 11.58 logits. Invariance structure analysis demonstrated
      that the instrument functioned equally for men and women, for mobility device
      users and nonusers, and for participants with diagnosed MS for less than or
      greater than 10 years. Findings indicated that approximately 50% of respondents
      would have room to improve on their Falls Prevention Strategies Survey scores
      over time. CONCLUSIONS: Rasch analysis supports the use of the Falls Prevention
      Strategies Survey to examine the frequency of engaging in protective behaviors
      related to fall risk among adults with MS. The instrument shows potential to
      track outcomes of behaviorally oriented fall reduction interventions in this
      population.

PMID- 19969167
TI  - Rating scale use by children with disabilities on a self-report of everyday
      activities.
AB  - Kramer JM, Smith EV Jr, Kielhofner G. Rating scale use by children with
      disabilities on a self-report of everyday activities. OBJECTIVE: To examine
      whether children with disabilities interpret a self-report of perceived
      competence and importance of everyday activities in a consistent manner and use
      the rating scales as intended. If not, are differences in how children interpret
      the scale associated with personal or contextual variables? DESIGN: Assessment
      and rating scale development using the Mixed Rasch Model. SETTING: Rehabilitation
      clinics, schools, and research sites in the United States and Europe.
      PARTICIPANTS: Children (N=407) aged 6 to 17 years; all had a diagnosed disability
      or received occupational therapy services. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURE: The Child Occupational Self Assessment; 25 items representing
      everyday activities and two 4-point scales: competence and importance. RESULTS:
      For each scale, 2 groups of children were identified. Approximately 50% of the
      children used the rating scales as intended. The remainder used the scales as
      reversed 2-point scales; these children were younger and more likely to have an
      intellectual disability. Country and practice setting were also associated with
      rating scale use. All items but 1 had acceptable fit to the Rasch model, and
      groups of children differed in the relative competence and importance reported.
      CONCLUSIONS: Personal and contextual variables are associated with children with
      disabilities' use of self-report rating scales. Younger children and children
      with intellectual disabilities use a modified response pattern.

PMID- 19969168
TI  - Development and evaluation of a new measure for muscle tone of ankle plantar
      flexors: the ankle plantar flexors tone scale.
AB  - Takeuchi N, Kuwabara T, Usuda S. Development and evaluation of a new measure for
      muscle tone of ankle plantar flexors: the Ankle Plantar Flexors Tone Scale.
      OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of a
      clinically feasible measure for muscle tone of the ankle plantar flexors. DESIGN:
      Cross-sectional reliability and validity study of the Ankle Plantar Flexors Tone
      Scale. SETTING: Department of rehabilitation in a general hospital. PARTICIPANTS:
      Patients (N=74) with cerebrovascular disease. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Muscle tone of the ankle plantar flexors was measured using the
      Ankle Plantar Flexors Tone Scale, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), quality of
      muscle reaction with the Modified Tardieu Scale, and passive resistive joint
      torque with a handheld dynamometer. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were
      assessed using the Cohen kappa coefficient (kappa). Internal consistency was
      assessed using the Cronbach alpha (alpha). Concurrent validity was assessed with
      the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho). RESULTS: The Ankle Plantar
      Flexors Tone Scale included 3 items: stretch reflex, middle range resistance, and
      final range resistance. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities and internal
      consistency of the Ankle Plantar Flexors Tone Scale showed moderate to excellent
      agreement (kappa=.63-.94; alpha=.81). Concurrent validity of the Ankle Plantar
      Flexors Tone Scale was low to very high among the 3 items of the Ankle Plantar
      Flexors Tone Scale and existing measures. The Spearman rank correlation
      coefficient showed high to very high correlation between stretch reflex and
      quality of muscle reaction as indices of the central component (rho=.85-.94).
      Middle range resistance and final range resistance as indices of the peripheral
      component had low to moderate correlation with passive resistive joint torque
      using a handheld dynamometer and MAS (rho=.44-.68). CONCLUSIONS: The Ankle
      Plantar Flexors Tone Scale allows measurement of ankle plantar flexor tone in
      greater detail than existing subjective measures and provides a reliable and
      valid method for research and clinical use.

PMID- 19969169
TI  - Effect of hand warming on electrodiagnostic testing results and diagnosis in
      patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - Burnham RS, Burnham TR. Effect of hand warming on electrodiagnostic testing
      results and diagnosis in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome.
      OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of hand warming on electrodiagnostic (EDX)
      parameters of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Specifically, to evaluate the type
      and magnitude of change in EDX values; to determine whether warming can change
      the EDX diagnosis of CTS and, if so, to determine whether specific EDX tests are
      more vulnerable to the effects of warming. DESIGN: Interventional before-after
      trial. SETTING: Community EDX laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients
      (N=33) referred for EDX evaluation of suspected CTS. INTERVENTION: Each upper
      limb was tested at room temperature (average hand temperature, 31.9 degrees C)
      and retested after 20 minutes of heating pad warming (average hand temperature,
      33.5 degrees C). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Median and ulnar nerve motor and sensory
      latency, conduction velocity, and amplitude. RESULTS: Warming resulted in
      significantly faster transcarpal tunnel sensory and motor conduction (6%-10%),
      reduced median: ulnar sensory latency to digit 4 difference (23%), and reduced
      sensory nerve and compound motor action potential amplitude (10% and 13%,
      respectively). The changes resulted in 15% fewer limbs meeting the EDX conduction
      velocity criteria of CTS and 9% fewer by median: ulnar sensory latency to digit 4
      difference. Waveform amplitudes became abnormally low after warming in 12% of
      limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Hand warming using a heating pad for 20 minutes increases
      median nerve transcarpal tunnel conduction velocity and reduces amplitude. These
      phenomena introduce potential sources of diagnostic error, particularly in
      borderline cases. Generally, within hand, between nerve, and within nerve
      comparison techniques are less susceptible to the conduction velocity effects of
      warming.

PMID- 19969170
TI  - Physical performance as a predictor of attention and processing speed in
      fibromyalgia.
AB  - Cherry BJ, Weiss J, Barakat BK, Rutledge DN, Jones CJ. Physical performance as a
      predictor of attention and processing speed in fibromyalgia. OBJECTIVE: To
      explore the associations between physical (both self-report and objective
      measures) and cognitive function for persons with fibromyalgia (FM). DESIGN:
      Correlational study. SETTING: An exercise testing laboratory in southern
      California. PARTICIPANTS: Community-residing and functionally independent (not
      wheelchair-bound) adults meeting the American College of Rheumatology 1990
      criteria for FM (N=51) with a mean age of 54 years and no history of stroke.
      INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Composite Physical Function
      Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, adapted Trail Making Test parts A (TMT
      A) and B (TMT-B), Digit Symbol Substitution Test, a composite index of TMT-A, TMT
      B, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test combined, and physical performance
      assessments. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that better
      objective physical performance predicted increased cognitive function for TMT-A
      and the composite cognitive score after controlling for age and symptom burden.
      That is, as the physical performance level decreased, cognitive performance
      levels decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that research is needed to
      determine whether patterns of physical activity participation, through their
      effects on physical fitness and performance, can enhance cognitive performance in
      persons with FM. Physiologic changes in specific brain regions in FM (eg,
      hippocampus, neural pain regions) suggest that further research is also warranted
      in determining specific relationships between biomarkers and cognitive
      performance in persons with FM.

PMID- 19969171
TI  - Development of a language-independent functional evaluation.
AB  - Haig AJ, Jayarajan S, Maslowski E, Yamakawa KS, Tinney M, Beier KP, Juang D, Chan
      L, Boggess T, Loar J, Owusu-Ansah B, Kalpakjian C. Development of a language
      independent functional evaluation. OBJECTIVE: To design, validate, and critique a
      tool for self-report of physical functioning that is independent of language and
      literacy. DESIGN: Software design and 2 prospective trials followed by redesign.
      SETTING: United States and African university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Outpatient
      and inpatient competent adults with diverse physical impairments. INTERVENTIONS:
      (1) Software design process leading to a Preliminary Language-Independent
      Functional Evaluation (Pre-L.I.F.E.); (2) patient surveys using a printed Pre
      L.I.F.E. and a computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. tested in random order, followed by
      a questionnaire version of the standard Barthel Index; and (3) software redesign
      based on objective and qualitative experiences with Pre-L.I.F.E. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Validation of the general concept that written and spoken language can
      be eliminated in assessment of function. Development of a refined Language
      Independent Functional Evaluation (L.I.F.E.). RESULTS: A viable Pre-L.I.F.E.
      software was built based on design parameters of the clinical team. Fifty
      Americans and 51 Africans demonstrated excellent (Cronbach alpha>0.8 Americans)
      and good (alpha>.425 Africans) reliability. In general, the relations between Pre
      L.I.F.E. and Barthel scores were excellent in the United States (interclass
      correlation coefficient for stair climbing, .959) but somewhat less good in
      Africa, with elimination functions very poorly related. The computer-animated Pre
      L.I.F.E. was faster and trended to be more reliable than the printed Pre-L.I.F.E.
      in both the United States and Africa. Redesign meetings corrected statistical and
      qualitative challenges, resulting in a new tool, the L.I.F.E. CONCLUSIONS:
      Literacy and language translation can be eliminated from some aspects of
      functional assessment. The new L.I.F.E., based on solid empirical evidence and
      design principles, may be a practical solution to assessment of function in the
      global culture.

PMID- 19969172
TI  - Is the posner reaction time test more accurate than clinical tests in detecting
      left neglect in acute and chronic stroke?
AB  - Rengachary J, d'Avossa G, Sapir A, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. Is the Posner Reaction
      Time Test more accurate than clinical tests in detecting left neglect in acute
      and chronic stroke? OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of common clinical tests
      for left neglect with that of a computerized reaction time Posner test in a
      stroke population. DESIGN: Neglect measures were collected longitudinally in
      patients with stroke at the acute ( approximately 2wk) and chronic (
      approximately 9mo) stages. Identical measures were collected in a healthy control
      group. SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS: Patients
      with acute stroke (n=59) with left neglect, 30 of whom were tested
      longitudinally; healthy age-matched controls (n=30). INTERVENTIONS: Not
      applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A receiver operating characteristic analysis
      ranking the measures' sensitivity and specificity using a single summary
      statistic. RESULTS: Most clinical tests were adequately accurate at the acute
      stage, but many were near chance at the chronic stage. The Posner test was the
      most sensitive test at both stages. The most sensitive variable was the reaction
      time difference for detecting targets appearing on the left compared with the
      right side. CONCLUSIONS: Computerized reaction time tests can be used to screen
      for subtle but potentially clinically relevant left neglect, which may not be
      detectable by conventional clinical tests, especially at the chronic stage. Such
      tests may be useful to assess the severity of the patients' deficits and provide
      more accurate measures of the degree of recovery in clinical trials than
      established clinical measures.

PMID- 19969173
TI  - Measuring what matters in cerebral palsy: a breadth of important domains and
      outcome measures.
AB  - Vargus-Adams JN, Martin LK. Measuring what matters in cerebral palsy: a breadth
      of important domains and outcome measures. OBJECTIVE: To establish domains of
      importance for evaluating therapeutic effects in childhood cerebral palsy (CP)
      and the best means of evaluating those domains. DESIGN: Delphi iterative survey.
      SETTING: Tertiary pediatric hospital with assessments conducted via mail or
      Internet. PARTICIPANTS: Youth with CP (n=21), parents of children with CP (n=23),
      and medical professionals (n=39). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Identification of "the things you find most important to consider when
      you evaluate the effects of an intervention for yourself/your child/your patient
      with cerebral palsy" as domains of concern, followed by the best outcome measures
      to assess each of the domains, including preference rankings of those measures.
      RESULTS: Eight domains of importance were identified: impairment, general health,
      gross motor skills, self-care/fine motor skills, speech/communication,
      integration/participation, quality of life, and caregiver issues. All domains
      were viewed as important with no clear demarcation to allow reduction in number.
      Only quality of life emerged as being most important. Medical professionals
      suggested 10 to 27 different outcome measures for assessing each domain. Few of
      these measures, including the Gross Motor Function Measure and the Cerebral Palsy
      Quality of Life Questionnaire, were broadly endorsed by the medical
      professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Parents, youth, and medical professionals identify a
      wide range of arenas that they would like to see impacted by interventions for
      CP. These arenas can be consolidated into 8 domains. Although many outcome
      measures are available to evaluate these domains, few of the measures are widely
      preferred. Further work may determine optimal assessment strategies and provide
      guidance for therapeutic decisions.

PMID- 19969174
TI  - Retraining visual processing skills to improve driving ability after stroke.
AB  - Crotty M, George S. Retraining visual processing skills to improve driving
      ability after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of retraining
      using the Dynavision on driving performance of people with stroke. DESIGN:
      Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation clinic in
      Australia. PARTICIPANTS: People with stroke (N=26) referred for driving
      assessment. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible participants were randomized to either
      receive retraining with the Dynavision apparatus for 18 sessions or to receive no
      intervention and go onto a waitlist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome
      was an assessment of on-road ability. Secondary outcomes included measures of
      response speed, visual scanning, and self-efficacy. All assessments were
      conducted by assessors blinded to group assignment. RESULTS: No significant
      difference (P=.223) was found between the intervention and control groups in
      results of on-road assessment in terms of pass or fail; the primary outcome
      measure; or the results on the secondary outcome measures of response speed,
      visual scanning, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: In this small trial, training
      underlying skills (such as executing a continuous wide scan, combining motor and
      visual processing into a motor response) using the Dynavision apparatus did not
      improve the outcomes of an on-road assessment for people after strokes. Larger
      trials are needed to evaluate devices that claim to retrain underlying skills
      related to driving.

PMID- 19969175
TI  - Measuring methods for functional reach test: comparison of 1-arm reach and 2-arm
      reach.
AB  - Kage H, Okuda M, Nakamura I, Kunitsugu I, Sugiyama S, Hobara T. Measuring methods
      for functional reach test: comparison of 1-arm reach and 2-arm reach. OBJECTIVES:
      To investigate which functional reach test better reflects the center of pressure
      excursion, a 1-arm reach or a 2-arm reach, and to investigate the effect of trunk
      rotation on the reach distance in a 1-arm reach. In addition, we considered the
      influence of the individual variation at the starting position. DESIGN:
      Descriptive study using a force platform and a 3-dimensional (3D) motion capture
      system. SETTING: Motion analysis laboratory in a college setting. PARTICIPANTS:
      Elderly volunteers (N=41; 15 men, 26 women; 71.8+/-5.2y). INTERVENTIONS: Not
      applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 3D coordinate data and the movement of the
      center of pressure. RESULTS: The correlation between the reach distance and the
      center of pressure excursion was significantly higher (P<.05) for the 1-arm reach
      (r=.60, .72) compared with a 2-arm reach (r=.41, .55). In the case of the 1-arm
      reach, center of pressure excursion was a significant factor affecting reach
      distance (beta=.319, .470) in multivariate regression analysis, but trunk
      rotation was not (beta=.162, .095). When the reach distance was measured using
      the heel as a reference, the correlation was stronger. CONCLUSIONS: To evaluate
      dynamic balance, a 1-arm reach, which better reflects center of pressure
      excursion, is more valid. It is meaningful to reduce the individual variation of
      the acromion at the starting position.

PMID- 19969176
TI  - Effects of repetitive electrical stimulation to treat sensory loss in persons
      poststroke.
AB  - Smith PS, Dinse HR, Kalisch T, Johnson M, Walker-Batson D. Effects of repetitive
      electrical stimulation to treat sensory loss in persons poststroke. OBJECTIVE: To
      explore the effectiveness of repetitive electrical stimulation referred to here
      as tactile coactivation and to improve sensory discrimination and function in the
      most involved hand of a person recovering from stroke. DESIGN: Pre-experimental 1
      group (n=4) design with multiple measures. SETTING: Outpatient stroke treatment
      center. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects with 6 months or longer poststroke with self
      reported sensory loss and a mild motor impairment in the most involved hand.
      INTERVENTION: Electrical stimulation (coactivation) of the fingers of the
      involved hand for 90 minutes 4 days a week for 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
      Primary-dependent measures included touch threshold, tactile acuity, haptic
      object recognition, motor tapping task, pegboard activities, and functional tasks
      from the Wolf Motor Function Test. RESULTS: Posttreatment assessments revealed
      improvements in sensory discrimination and motor task performance in all subjects
      in varying degrees; these results held 4 weeks posttreatment. CONCLUSIONS: The
      type of repetitive electrical stimulation or tactile coactivation used in this
      study has not been explored previously in subjects with sensory loss caused by
      stroke. The results of this pilot study suggest that coactivation may have the
      potential to be a useful therapeutic modality for this population.

PMID- 19969177
TI  - Evaluation of needle positioning during blind intra-articular hip injections for
      osteoarthritis: fluoroscopy versus arthrography.
AB  - Diracoglu D, Alptekin K, Dikici F, Balci HI, Ozcakar L, Aksoy C. Evaluation of
      needle positioning during blind intra-articular hip injections for
      osteoarthritis: fluoroscopy versus arthrography. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate needle
      positioning during blind/anatomically referenced hip joint injections for
      osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Experimental clinical study. SETTING: Operating
      theater of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=16) (10 women, 6
      men), who were diagnosed as having OA according to the American College of
      Rheumatology criteria and whose radiologic grades were II or III according to
      Kellgren-Lawrence. INTERVENTIONS: Three bilateral and 13 unilateral hip
      injections were performed (3 times at 1-week intervals). After it was presumed
      blindly that the needle was within the joint, the location of the needle was
      checked with backflow technique and fluoroscopy. Entrance to the joint cavity was
      also ensured by reconfirmation with contrast medium, and the procedure was then
      terminated with hyaluronic acid injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessment of
      blind needle placement into the hip joint by using backflow technique,
      fluoroscopic images, and contrast enhancement. RESULTS: The location of the
      needle was fluoroscopically confirmed to be at the proper position in 38 (66.7%)
      of the 57 blind interventions. Furthermore, in 29 (76.3%) of those 38
      interventions, localization of the intra-articular needle could be confirmed by
      intra-articular contrast uptake. Overall, 29 of 57 (50.9%) blind interventions
      exhibited intra-articular contrast enhancement. Backflow was not observed in 23
      (79.3%) of these 29 interventions. Five (17.9%) of 28 interventions with no
      contrast uptake showed backflow. CONCLUSIONS: In light of our results, we suggest
      that blind injection of the osteoarthritic hip joint can be inaccurate even with
      careful technique. Further, the backflow method does not appear to be reliable,
      and guidance during the injection seems to be necessary.

PMID- 19969178
TI  - Performance of common clinician- and self-report measures in assessing the
      function of community-dwelling people with metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Cheville AL, Basford JR, Troxel AB, Kornblith AB. Performance of common clinician
      and self-report measures in assessing the function of community-dwelling people
      with metastatic breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the performance of
      common clinician- and self-report measures of function in assessing community
      dwelling people with metastatic breast cancer. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
      SETTING: A tertiary medical center outpatient cancer clinic. PARTICIPANTS: A
      consecutive sample of community-dwelling patients (N=163) with stage IV breast
      cancer. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical Outcomes
      Study 36-Item Short-Form Physical Functioning (PF-10) and Role Physical
      subscales; the Older Americans Resource Study (OARS) activities of daily living
      (ADL) and instrumental ADL subscales; Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS); and the
      FIM Total and FIM Mobility scores. RESULTS: With the exception of the PF-10 and
      Role Physical subscales, which demonstrated floor effects, ceiling effects were
      detected in all the measures and were particularly persistent in the OARS ADL
      subscale. Instrument and item score distributions varied markedly across KPS
      defined subgroups with FIM Mobility, FIM Total, and OARS subscale score
      distributions deviating least from the normal in the lowest performing (KPS 40
      50) participants. Correlations between self-reported (Role Physical subscales, PF
      10, OARS ADL subscales) and the clinician-rated (KPS and FIM scales) scales were
      moderate to high (r=.55-.82); however, clinician-reported scores were more
      consistently associated with the presence of physical impairments. CONCLUSIONS:
      In this population with stage IV breast cancer, ceiling effects limit the
      discriminatory capacity of the common functional scales assessed in this study.
      Instruments and items, particularly when ADL based, tend to perform better at
      lower levels of function (KPS 40-50) and less well at higher levels. Clinician
      rated outcomes may have greater capacity to discriminate the presence of physical
      impairments.

PMID- 19969179
TI  - Body weight-supported treadmill training for patients with hip fracture: a
      feasibility study.
AB  - Giangregorio LM, Thabane L, deBeer J, Farrauto L, McCartney N, Adachi JD,
      Papaioannou A. Body weight-supported treadmill training for patients with hip
      fracture: a feasibility study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of body
      weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) as a strategy for improving
      independent ambulation among patients who had sustained a hip fracture. DESIGN:
      Nonrandomized controlled trial. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS:
      Patients with a stable hip fracture and at least 50% weight-bearing.
      INTERVENTION: BWSTT in lieu of standard walking exercises throughout stay in
      rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Feasibility outcomes included the number
      of patients agreeing to participate in treadmill walking, the number who returned
      for follow-up assessments, compliance, and the number of adverse events.
      Secondary outcomes included the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, the Timed Up &
      Go test, a 2-minute walk test, and the Falls Self-Efficacy Scale. Univariate
      regression was used to assess the group effect on score changes from baseline to
      discharge and from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS: Among 41 potentially eligible
      patients, 21 (51%) agreed to participate and 14 returned for follow-up
      assessments. The recruitment goal of 12 patients agreeing to BWSTT was achieved;
      however, retention by 3-month follow-up was 67%. The average compliance was 3
      sessions a week; however, several patients were below average. No adverse events
      of BWSTT were reported. There were no significant differences between groups with
      respect to secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: BWSTT may be a feasible method for
      retraining gait among patients with hip fracture. However, future studies
      evaluating its efficacy need rigorous methods for ensuring compliance and
      retention.

PMID- 19969180
TI  - Intersession reliability of Hoffmann reflex gain and presynaptic inhibition in
      the human soleus muscle.
AB  - Hayes BT, Hicks-Little CA, Harter RA, Widrick JJ, Hoffman MA. Intersession
      reliability of Hoffmann reflex gain and presynaptic inhibition in the human
      soleus muscle. OBJECTIVE: To determine the day-to-day reliability of Hoffmann
      reflex (H-reflex) gain and presynaptic inhibition of spinal reflexes in the human
      soleus muscle. DESIGN: Controlled trial. SETTING: Research laboratory.
      PARTICIPANTS: Volunteers (N=30; mean +/- SD age, 23.4+/-3.9y; height, 175.64+/
      10.87cm; mass, 84.50+/-24.18kg) with no history of lower extremity pathology
      and/or injury participated. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects lay prone with the head,
      shoulders, arms, and hips supported in a static position by a massage body pillow
      and the ankle positioned at 90 degrees . Recording electrodes were placed over
      the soleus and tibialis anterior muscle bellies, and the stimulating electrodes
      were positioned over the tibial nerve in the popliteal space and the common
      peroneal nerve near the fibular head. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The H-reflex and
      motor wave recruitment curves were then measured and recorded. Presynaptic
      inhibition was also assessed in the soleus muscle, and a conditioning stimulation
      of the common peroneal nerve (1 x motor threshold = motor threshold) was used
      prior to soleus H-reflex measurement. Two testing sessions took place between 2
      and 7 days, and each session occurred at the same time of day. RESULTS:
      Assessments of H-reflex gain and presynaptic inhibition yielded test-retest
      reliability of R equal to . 95 and .91, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Measures of
      presynaptic inhibition and H-reflex gain (H slope/M slope) in the human soleus
      muscle are consistent and reliable day to day.

PMID- 19969181
TI  - Is the ability to maximally activate the dorsiflexors in men and women affected
      by indwelling electromyography needles?
AB  - Brown RE, Bruce SH, Jakobi JM. Is the ability to maximally activate the
      dorsiflexors in men and women affected by indwelling electromyography needles?
      OBJECTIVES: To determine whether maximal force is similar between conditions with
      and without a microelectrode, and to evaluate potential sex differences when
      using invasive procedures. DESIGN: Crossover trial. SETTING: University
      laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Young men (n=8; mean +/- SD age, 20.3+/-2.0y) and young
      women (n=8; mean age +/- SD, 19.8+/-0.4y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects randomly performed 5 ankle dorsiflexion maximal
      voluntary contractions (MVCs) with an indwelling microelectrode in the tibialis
      anterior and 5 MVCs with the twitch interpolation technique without a
      microelectrode. Strength and contractile properties were measured. No visual or
      oral feedback was provided. When the greatest MVCs from each condition differed
      by more than 5%, 3 additional attempts were given with feedback in the lesser of
      the 2 conditions. RESULTS: Men were approximately 39% stronger than women, and
      contractile properties were approximately 11% faster, but maximal voluntary
      activation was similar between sexes ( approximately 95%). However, in men and
      women, the greatest MVC did not differ between the microelectrode and activation
      conditions (P=.87). In 9 of the 16 subjects, MVC was about 5% less in 1 of 2
      conditions. Five of these 9 subjects were able to match or exceed their highest
      MVC with the aid of visual feedback. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that muscle
      strength and contractile properties differ between men and women. Indwelling
      microelectrodes do not hinder the ability to achieve MVC, but adequate feedback
      is necessary to achieve the highest force.

PMID- 19969182
TI  - Discrimination of real and sham acupuncture needles using the park sham device: a
      preliminary study.
AB  - Tan C-W, Christie L, St-Georges V, Telford N. Discrimination of real and sham
      acupuncture needles using the Park sham device: a preliminary study. OBJECTIVE:
      To evaluate the blinding effectiveness of the Park sham acupuncture device using
      participants' ability to discriminate between the real and sham acupuncture
      needles. DESIGN: The design was a yes-no experiment. Judgments were made on
      whether the real or sham acupuncture needle was administered. SETTING: University
      laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy, acupuncture-naive university students and
      staff (N=20; median age, 22y; range, 18-48y) recruited through convenience
      sampling. INTERVENTIONS: Participants made yes-no judgments on whether the real
      or sham needle was administered to 8 acupoints (4 traditional and 4
      nontraditional) along the Pericardium meridian (Pericardium 3 to Pericardium 6)
      on the dominant forearm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The accuracy index, d', of
      participants' ability to discriminate between the real and sham needles
      (discriminability) was computed for the traditional alone, the nontraditional
      alone, and a combination of both types of acupoints. RESULTS: The participants'
      d' between the real and sham needles was not statistically significant from d'
      equal to 0 for the combined traditional and nontraditional acupoints comparison
      and the nontraditional acupoints alone comparison (combined, t(19)=1.20, P=.25;
      nontraditional, t(19)=.16, P=.87). However, the participants' d' was
      statistically significant from d' equal to 0 for the traditional acupoints
      comparison (t(19)=2.096, P=.049). CONCLUSIONS: The Park sham acupuncture device
      appears to be effective in blinding participants to real acupuncture intervention
      when it is applied to the nontraditional acupoints and when traditional and
      nontraditional acupoints are combined on the forearm along the pericardium
      meridian. However, the sham device does not appear to blind participants
      effectively when traditional acupoints alone are used for the same context.

PMID- 19969183
TI  - Effects of pediatric obesity on joint kinematics and kinetics during 2 walking
      cadences.
AB  - Shultz SP, Sitler MR, Tierney RT, Hillstrom HJ, Song J. Effects of pediatric
      obesity on joint kinematics and kinetics during 2 walking cadences. OBJECTIVE: To
      determine whether differences existed in lower-extremity joint biomechanics
      during self-selected walking cadence (SW) and fast walking cadence (FW) in
      overweight- and normal-weight children. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Institutional
      gait study center. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N=20; mean age +/- SD, 10.4+/
      1.6y) from referred and volunteer samples were classified based on body mass
      index percentiles and stratified by age and sex. Exclusion criteria were a
      history of diabetes, neuromuscular disorder, or recent lower-extremity injury.
      INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sagittal, frontal, and
      transverse plane angular displacements (degrees) and peak moments (newton meters)
      at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. RESULTS: The level of significance was set at
      P less than .008. Compared with normal-weight children, overweight children had
      greater absolute peak joint moments at the hip (flexor, extensor, abductor,
      external rotator), the knee (flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, internal
      rotator), and the ankle (plantarflexor, inverter, external/internal rotators).
      After including body weight as a covariate, overweight children had greater peak
      ankle dorsiflexor moments than normal-weight children. No kinematic differences
      existed between groups. Greater peak hip extensor moments and less peak ankle
      inverter moments occurred during FW than SW. There was greater angular
      displacement during hip flexion as well as less angular displacement at the hip
      (extension, abduction), knee (flexion, extension), and ankle (plantarflexion,
      inversion) during FW than SW. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight children experienced
      increased joint moments, which can have long-term orthopedic implications and
      suggest a need for more nonweight-bearing activities within exercise
      prescription. The percent of increase in joint moments from SW to FW was not
      different for overweight and normal-weight children. These findings can be used
      in developing an exercise prescription that must involve weight-bearing activity.

PMID- 19969185
TI  - Rehabilitation with a mirror.

PMID- 19969186
TI  - Strength of tendon repair decreases in the presence of an intact A2 pulley:
      biomechanical study in a chicken model.
AB  - PURPOSE: Pulleys have an important role in digital flexion, but little is known
      about how the strength of a tendon repair is affected by a major pulley. We
      evaluated the difference in strengths of flexor tendon repairs in the pulley area
      when the pulley was intact or divided in a chicken tendon injury model. METHODS:
      In each of 100 long toes of 50 Leghorn chickens, a complete, transverse
      laceration of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon was made in the region of the
      A2 pulley and was repaired surgically. The A2 pulley was preserved or was
      completely divided longitudinally. The toes were harvested by disarticulating
      through the knee joint, and placed at full extension, at 20 degrees , 40 degrees
      , or 60 degrees of distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint flexion, and at 40 degrees
      , 80 degrees , or 120 degrees of combined DIP and proximal interphangeal (PIP)
      joint flexion, and tendon repairs were loaded to failure in a materials testing
      machine. The force required for ultimate failure was statistically compared for
      each group. RESULTS: Ultimate tendon repair strength was significantly lower in
      toes with the A2 pulley intact than in those with the pulley vented when the toes
      were placed at full extension and at all tested degrees of DIP and PIP joint
      flexion, except at the most marked flexion. After A2 pulley division, tendon
      repair strength was 30% to 60% higher than flexed toes with the pulley intact.
      With an intact pulley, the tendon repair strength in the flexed toes was
      significantly lower than that in the fully extended toes, but after A2 pulley
      division, the strength was similar at all toe positions except at the most marked
      flexion. CONCLUSIONS: Chicken tendon repairs are substantially weaker when the A2
      pulley is intact than when the pulley is completely divided. Loading of the
      tendon repair against an intact major pulley adversely affects repair strength.
      These findings suggest that tendon repair is less likely to fail when the A2
      pulley is divided than when the pulley is intact; pulley venting may decrease the
      likelihood of repair ruptures.

PMID- 19969187
TI  - Effect of partial versus complete circumferential repair on flexor tendon
      strength in cadavers.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study investigated the strength of epitendinous repairs covering
      the palmar half of the tendon circumference only. METHODS: Two hundred porcine
      tendons were harvested from pig feet and separated into 2 equal groups. Group 1
      tendons were sutured with a 2-strand core repair and group 2 tendons were sutured
      with a 4-strand core repair. Each group was then divided into 5 equal subgroups
      (n=20). Four of the subgroups were sutured with 1 of the following epitendinous
      repairs: 50% simple running (50SR), complete simple running (100SR), 50%
      Silfverskiold (50SK), or complete Silfverskiold (100SK). One sub-group (0C) had
      no epitendinous repair. The core suture material was 3-0 braided polyester
      (Tricon; Tyco Healthcare, Dominican Republic), and the circumferential suture
      material was 6-0 polypropylene (Prolene, Sumerville, NJ). The tendons were
      mechanically strained to failure, and force data were recorded. RESULTS: The 50SR
      and 50SK repairs significantly increased the force at 1-mm and 2-mm gap formation
      of both core repairs. The 50SR and 50SK repairs increased the ultimate force at
      failure of both core repairs by approximately 20%. Both 50% circumferential (50C)
      repairs increased repair strength at the points of initial gap formation more
      than at the point of ultimate force. The 50C repairs were approximately 50% as
      strong as the 100% circumferential (100C) repairs at 1-mm and 2-mm gap formation
      and approximately 70% as strong at the ultimate force of failure. CONCLUSIONS:
      The 50C repairs increased the tensile strength of 2-strand and 4-strand tendon
      repairs in vitro. The prevention of early gapping was more significant than the
      increase of strength at failure.

PMID- 19969188
TI  - Effectiveness of microRNA in Down-regulation of TGF-beta gene expression in
      digital flexor tendons of chickens: in vitro and in vivo study.
AB  - PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is considered to be responsible
      for the formation of scars such as adhesions around healing digital flexor
      tendons. We proposed to deliver microRNAs (miRNAs) to silence expression of the
      TGF-beta1 gene and to investigate the effectiveness of miRNAs in down-regulation
      of the TGF-beta1 gene in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: We designed and engineered 4
      miRNAs according to genetic sequences of chicken TGF-beta1. Four plasmid vectors
      harboring the respective engineered miRNAs and 1 control vector were constructed.
      We transfected 30 wells of cultured tenocytes with these vectors and harvested
      them 48 hours later. The gene expression levels were quantified using real-time
      polymerase chain reactions. Subsequently, the miRNA that most effectively
      silenced TGF-beta gene in vitro was tested on 25 chickens in vivo. The miRNA and
      control vectors were injected into the injured tendons, respectively. At 1 and 6
      weeks after surgery, the tendons were analyzed for gene expression and protein
      production. RESULTS: In both in vitro and in vivo settings, delivery of miRNA to
      the tendon substantially down-regulated expression of the TGF-beta gene but did
      not affect expression of the collagen I gene. In the healing tendon, TGF-beta
      gene expression was significantly down-regulated by 50% to 60% at 1 and 6 weeks.
      At 6 weeks, the collagen III gene expression was significantly down-regulated by
      55% at 6 weeks and the connective tissue growth factor gene was significantly
      down-regulated by 25%. At 6 weeks, TGF-beta protein was substantially decreased.
      CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA significantly down-regulates expression of the TGF-beta in
      vitro and in vivo. Application of miRNA did not down-regulate expression of the
      collagen I, but downregulated the collagen III gene. Application of miRNA
      treatment to modulate TGF-beta expression holds great promise in preventing
      tendon adhesion formation.

PMID- 19969189
TI  - Results of c5 root grafting to the musculocutaneous nerve using pedicled,
      vascularized ulnar nerve grafts.
AB  - PURPOSE: Vascularized nerve grafts are indicated for the repair of large nerve
      defects. In brachial plexus injuries, the poor prognosis for functional hand
      reconstruction when the lower roots are avulsed makes the ulnar nerve a potential
      donor for vascularized nerve grafts. We report on the results we obtained with
      reconstruction of elbow flexion using long pedicled ulnar nerve grafts that
      connected the C5 root to the musculocutaneous nerve. METHODS: We prospectively
      studied 8 young adults with complete brachial plexus palsy with avulsion of the
      lower roots, who had surgical repair an average of 4.6 months after trauma.
      Pedicled ulnar nerve grafts, averaging 30 cm long, connected the C5 root to the
      musculocutaneous nerve. In order to rescue misdirected axons that could have
      regenerated into the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve, we
      transferred this branch to the motor branch of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
      muscle. Outcomes for all 8 patients were assessed an average of 26.7 months after
      surgery, focusing on recovery of muscle strength, categorized using the Medical
      Research Council scale. RESULTS: None of the patients recovered elbow flexion or
      wrist extension greater than M2. CONCLUSIONS: In brachial plexus injuries,
      reconstruction of elbow flexion using a long, pedicled, vascularized nerve graft
      produces unsatisfactory results. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

PMID- 19969190
TI  - Proliferative extensor tenosynovitis of the wrist in the absence of rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - PURPOSE: Proliferative tenosynovitis in the fourth extensor compartment is common
      in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It may also occur in the absence of
      rheumatoid arthritis; the purpose of this study is to describe this clinical
      condition in a series of patients, to report the results of surgical
      intervention, and to compare histological findings to those typically seen in
      rheumatoid tenosynovitis. METHODS: This study presents a retrospective case
      series of 11 patients who do not have rheumatoid arthritis, who had proliferative
      tenosynovitis of the fourth extensor compartment treated surgically. Relevant
      features of the clinical presentation, physical examination, radiographic
      findings, and results of attempts at conservative treatment are described.
      Surgical pathology specimens were reviewed by a single pathologist to define
      common histological features and to compare the histology to that which is
      classically seen in rheumatoid tenosynovitis. RESULTS: All patients presented
      with a painful wrist mass over the fourth extensor compartment. Characteristic in
      physical examination was severe limitation of active wrist extension with the
      fingers extended, with improvement when the fingers were flexed into a fist.
      After tenosynovectomy, wrist extension and grip strength improved. Examination of
      the surgical pathology specimens revealed a spectrum of pathological findings
      generally consistent with traumatic tenosynovitis, but a few specimens had
      rheumatoid-like features. CONCLUSIONS: A review of this case series of patients
      with tenosynovitis but without rheumatoid arthritis demonstrates a distinct
      clinical condition of exuberant proliferative extensor tenosynovitis blocking
      proximal tendon excursion, thereby causing pain and limited active wrist
      extension, as well as a less distinct histological condition with a constellation
      of findings generally resembling traumatic tenosynovitis. In this group of
      patients, surgical tenosynovectomy generally yields excellent results. TYPE OF
      STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

PMID- 19969191
TI  - Comparison of percutaneous dorsal versus volar fixation of scaphoid waist
      fractures using a computer model in cadavers.
AB  - PURPOSE: Percutaneous screw fixation (PSF) is widely used to treat acute
      nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures. PSF can be performed through a volar or
      dorsal approach. The aim of our study was to compare a dorsal versus volar
      surgical approach for PSF according to the sagittal orientation of the waist
      fracture (B1 or B2 in Herbert and Fisher's classification scheme, in which B1 and
      B2 designate, respectively, oblique and transverse nondisplaced scaphoid waist
      fractures) on computer modeling of cadaver wrists. METHODS: We used 12 upper
      limbs, and for each wrist we performed 3 computed tomography scans in maximal
      flexion, neutral position, and maximal extension. For each position, a
      parasagittal slice corresponding to the plane of ideal screw placement was
      obtained by numerical reconstruction. On each slice, we modeled B1- and B2-type
      fractures and the placement of the corresponding screws (S1 and S2) inserted
      through a volar or dorsal approach. Optimal screw orientation was perpendicular
      to the fracture. For each configuration, we measured the angle between the S1
      screw and B1 fracture, which we designated V1 when modeling volar PSF and D1 when
      modeling dorsal PSF. Similarly, we measured angles V2 and D2. RESULTS: For B2
      fractures, virtual screw placement perpendicular to the fracture was achieved
      equally well with the 2 approaches. For B1 fractures, the virtual screw could not
      be placed perpendicular to the fracture with either approach, but the dorsal
      approach with maximal wrist flexion allowed the best screw placement.
      CONCLUSIONS: For B2 fractures, the dorsal and volar approaches allow optimal
      virtual screw placement, and the choice of the approach depends on the surgeon's
      preference. For B1 fractures, we recommend the dorsal approach.

PMID- 19969192
TI  - Modular ulnar head decoupling strength: a biomechanical study.
AB  - PURPOSE: Knowing the assembly and disassembly forces of modular ulnar head
      implants will be invaluable to the surgeon faced with the challenge of either
      revising or extracting the implant. Our goal in this study was to evaluate the
      decoupling strength of the modular ulnar head implant as a function of assembly
      impaction force for the 3 most commonly used combinations of modular ulnar head
      implants. METHODS: Assembly forces and axial decoupling strength for 3
      combinations of modular ulnar head implants were measured on an Instron 4206
      instrument. Correlations between Morse taper decoupling strength and assembly
      forces were investigated. RESULTS: The cobalt chrome head-cobalt chrome stem
      Morse taper couple showed the most predictable correlation with impaction
      assembly force, followed by cobalt chrome head-titanium stem couple and ceramic
      head-titanium couple, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Peak assembly impaction blow at
      the time of implantation determines the ultimate decoupling strength of the
      modular ulnar head Morse taper for all 3 material combinations studied.
      Prosthesis-specific regression curves will permit the surgeon to estimate
      decoupling force as a function of impact force.

PMID- 19969193
TI  - Applications of statistical tests in hand surgery.
AB  - During the 19th century, with the emergence of public health as a goal to improve
      hygiene and conditions of the poor, statistics established itself as a distinct
      scientific field important for critically interpreting studies of public health
      concerns. During the 20th century, statistics began to evolve mathematically and
      methodologically with hypothesis testing and experimental design. Today, much of
      medical investigation centers around clinical trials and observational studies,
      and with the application of statistical formulas, the collected data are
      summarized, weighed, interpreted, and presented to direct both physicians and the
      public toward evidence-based medicine. Having a basic understanding of statistics
      is mandatory in evaluating the validity of published literature and applying it
      to patient care. In this review, we discuss basic statistical tests to assist the
      investigator in choosing the correct statistical test and present examples
      relevant to hand surgery research.

PMID- 19969194
TI  - Displaced, comminuted diaphyseal clavicle fracture.

PMID- 19969195
TI  - Kienbock's Disease.

PMID- 19969196
TI  - Hemi-hamate autograft for the treatment of unstable dorsal fracture dislocation
      of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

PMID- 19969197
TI  - Metacarpal osteotomy for correction of acquired phalangeal rotational deformity.
AB  - Symptomatic phalangeal rotation deformities require corrective osteotomy. Surgery
      at the phalangeal level is technically demanding and has a higher complication
      rate. We describe the surgical technique of metacarpal base osteotomy for
      rotation correction of the digit. This technique is simple, allows early
      rehabilitation, and has a lower complication rate.

PMID- 19969198
TI  - Predictors of mortality and limb loss in necrotizing soft tissue infections of
      the upper extremity.

PMID- 19969199
TI  - Unusual compression neuropathies of the forearm, part I: radial nerve.
AB  - Peripheral compression neuropathies are familiar to the hand surgeon. Although
      compression neuropathies of the forearm are far less common than those of the
      wrist (namely, carpal tunnel syndrome), for the patient suffering from one of
      these neuropathies, a missed diagnosis has far-reaching consequences. In this 2
      part review (I: Radial Nerve; II: Median Nerve), several compression neuropathies
      of the forearm are examined. We will first discuss compression neuropathies
      affecting the radial nerve: (1) posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, (2) radial
      tunnel syndrome, and (3) superficial radial nerve compression (Wartenberg's
      syndrome).

PMID- 19969200
TI  - Unusual compression neuropathies of the forearm, part II: median nerve.
AB  - We have previously discussed compression neuropathies of the radial nerve in the
      forearm. In the second half of this 2-part review, we will now turn our attention
      to 2 compression neuropathies affecting the proximal median nerve, before its
      entry through the carpal tunnel: (1) pronator syndrome and (2) anterior
      interosseous nerve syndrome.

PMID- 19969201
TI  - "Venting" versus "release".

PMID- 19969203
TI  - How far we have come: from Ridley's first intraocular lens to modern IOL
      technology.

PMID- 19969204
TI  - Diamond jubilee of the first intraocular lens implantation?

PMID- 19969205
TI  - Cataract surgery in megalocornea Comparison of 2 surgical approaches in a single
      patient.
AB  - We describe the outcome of cataract surgery in both eyes of a patient with
      megalocornea. Phacoemulsification through a scleral tunnel resulted in wound
      leak; the clear corneal incision was more stable. Using conventional IOL power
      calculation may result in significant hyperopia.

PMID- 19969206
TI  - Foldable acrylic intraocular lens with distended haptics for transscleral
      fixation.
AB  - We describe a foldable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) with distended haptics
      suitable for transscleral fixation and the insertion procedure. The IOL has an
      acrylic optic and poly(methyl methacrylate) haptics with a microscopic
      indentation 1.3 mm from the tip. Transscleral fixation of the IOL was performed
      through corneal incisions in 22 eyes, and surgical results were retrospectively
      assessed. The IOL was sutured firmly in position using the cow-hitch procedure,
      and there was no suture loosening to the distended haptic. The IOL design
      provided suitable fixation and may be indicated for bag fixation as well as
      transscleral fixation.

PMID- 19969207
TI  - Needle-guided intrascleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens for
      aphakia correction.
AB  - We present a technique for the surgical correction of aphakia that allows
      intrascleral fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) without
      sutures. The technique is useful in situations in which one haptic has to be
      fixated and capsule support is adequate for fixation of the second haptic. The
      haptic is externalized with a 25-gauge needle; no surgical instrumentation other
      than that needed for conventional cataract surgery is used. The technique is
      particularly appropriate for 3-piece IOLs with flexible haptics.

PMID- 19969208
TI  - Functional outcomes after bilateral implantation of apodized diffractive aspheric
      acrylic intraocular lenses with a +3.0 or +4.0 diopter addition power Randomized
      multicenter clinical study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate functional outcomes after bilateral implantation of apodized
      diffractive aspheric acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with a +3.0 or +4.0
      diopter (D) addition (add) power. SETTING: Twelve study centers in the United
      States. METHODS: This randomized patient-masked parallel-group 6-month follow-up
      study comprised patients having bilateral cataract extraction with implantation
      of an AcrySof IQ ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL with a +4.0 D add power (+4.0 D group) or an
      AcrySof IQ ReSTOR SN6AD1 IOL with a +3.0 D add power (+3.0 D group) (both IOLs,
      Alcon, Inc.). Visual acuity, defocus testing, patient-reported outcomes, and
      safety measures were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 279 patients, 141 were in the +3.0
      D group and 138 were in the +4.0 D group. Binocular distance-corrected
      intermediate visual acuity was statistically significantly better in the +3.0 D
      group than in the +4.0 D group (P<.0001); there was no difference in binocular
      near or distance visual acuity. There were no statistically significant
      differences in visual disturbances between the 2 groups. Patients in both groups
      reported excellent overall spectacle independence, near visual function, and
      satisfaction with the IOLs. CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate vision at a mean reading
      distance of approximately 40 cm was better with the aspheric IOL with a +3.0 D
      add than with the aspheric IOL with a +4.0 D add, as shown by the near peak in
      the mean binocular defocus curve; near and distance acuity were similar between
      the 2 IOLs. Patients reported excellent overall quality of vision, spectacle
      independence, and satisfaction.

PMID- 19969209
TI  - Visual function after bilateral implantation of apodized diffractive aspheric
      multifocal intraocular lenses with a +3.0 D addition.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate visual function after bilateral implantation of apodized
      diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with a +3.0 diopter
      addition (add) power. SETTING: Multicenter study at 5 European sites. METHODS:
      Five surgeons prospectively enrolled patients to receive bilateral implantation
      of AcrySof IQ ReSTOR SN6AD1 IOLs. Assessments included defocus testing,
      uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities at various distances, and
      patient questionnaires. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were enrolled. The mean
      distance-corrected visual acuities at far, intermediate, and near distances were
      significantly better postoperatively. At 6 months, uncorrected visual acuity
      (logMAR) was -0.03 +/- 0.13 (SD) at 4 m, 0.20 +/- 0.14 at 70 cm, 0.13 +/- 0.15 at
      60 cm, 0.05 +/- 0.18 at 50 cm, and 0.04 +/- 0.11 at 40 cm. The mean patient
      preferred near distance was 41 +/- 4 cm, at which distance the mean visual acuity
      was -0.01 +/- 0.11 logMAR. The defocus curve had a plateau of optimum near vision
      from 40 to 50 cm. Postoperatively, patients reported having minimal to no
      difficulty with 22 of 27 visual disturbances or visual activities; the other 5
      items were ranked minimally to moderately difficult. The mean patient
      satisfaction with vision was 8.3 +/- 1.6 (out of 10); 88% of patients were
      spectacle independent. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral apodized diffractive aspheric
      multifocal IOLs with a +3.0 D add provided a broad range of optimum near vision,
      good intermediate visual acuity, and low rates of visual disturbances. Patients
      were highly satisfied with their vision, and 88% were spectacle independent.

PMID- 19969210
TI  - Visual acuity from far to near and contrast sensitivity in eyes with a
      diffractive multifocal intraocular lens with a low addition power.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare visual acuity from far to near, contrast visual acuity, and
      acuity in the presence of glare (glare visual acuity) between an aspheric
      diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a low addition (add) power
      (+3.0 diopters) and a monofocal IOL. SETTING: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka,
      Japan. METHODS: This prospective study comprised patients having implantation of
      an aspheric diffractive multifocal ReSTOR SN6AD1 IOL with a +3.0 D add
      (multifocal group) or a monofocal AcrySof IQ SN60WF IOL (monofocal group). Visual
      acuity from far to near distances, contrast acuity, and glare acuity were
      evaluated 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Each IOL group comprised 64 eyes of
      32 patients. For monocular and binocular visual acuity, the mean uncorrected and
      distance-corrected intermediate acuity at 0.5 m and the near acuity at 0.3 m were
      significantly better in the multifocal group than in the monofocal group
      (P</=.0035); distance and intermediate acuity at 0.7 m and 1.0 m were similar
      between the 2 groups. No significant differences were observed between groups in
      contrast acuity and glare acuity under photopic and mesopic conditions.
      Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between all-distance acuity and
      pupil diameter or between visual acuity and IOL decentration and tilt.
      CONCLUSIONS: The diffractive multifocal IOL with a low add power provided
      significantly better intermediate and near visual acuity than the monofocal IOL.
      Contrast sensitivity with and without glare was reduced with the multifocal IOL,
      and all-distance visual acuity was independent of pupil diameter and IOL
      displacement.

PMID- 19969211
TI  - Multifocal intraocular lens optic anteriorization capture to correct residual
      refractive error.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of capturing the intraocular lens
      (IOL) optic through the anterior capsulorhexis opening in eyes with multifocal
      IOLs and a residual refractive error. SETTING: Hospital Oftalmologico de
      Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. METHODS: Eyes with previous cataract surgery and
      Tecnis ZM900 multifocal IOL implantation were prospectively analyzed. After at
      least 1 month, patients had second surgery in which the IOL optic was captured
      through the anterior capsulorhexis opening to correct the residual refractive
      error. Preoperative and postoperative examinations at 1 day and 3 months included
      spherical equivalent (SE); uncorrected distance (UDVA), near (UNVA), and
      intermediate (UIVA) visual acuities; and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA).
      RESULTS: The study included 16 eyes of 14 patients. The mean UDVA was 0.32 logMAR
      preoperatively and 0.10 logMAR after anterior optic capture and the mean SE,
      +1.09 diopters (D) and +0.26 D, respectively; both improvements were
      statistically significant (P<.001). The change in CDVA and UNVA from before
      anterior optic capture to the last follow-up was not statistically significant.
      The UIVA was significantly worse postoperatively (P = .011). No eye lost lines of
      CDVA. One eye (6.25%) developed glaucoma postoperatively. At the last follow-up,
      13 patients (92.85%) were spectacle-independent for near and distance vision.
      CONCLUSION: Early outcomes indicate that anterior optic capture is a safe,
      accurate procedure in eyes with multifocal IOLs and a mild hyperopic residual
      refractive error postoperatively.

PMID- 19969212
TI  - Effect of treatment sequence in combined intrastromal corneal rings and corneal
      collagen crosslinking for keratoconus.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare 2 sequences of combined intrastromal corneal ring segment
      (ICRS) implantation and ultraviolet/riboflavin-mediated corneal collagen
      crosslinking (CXL) in progressive keratoconus. SETTING: Dunya Eye Hospital,
      Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS: In this prospective comparative randomized consecutive
      study, CXL was followed by ICRS implantation (Group 1) or ICRS implantation was
      followed by CXL (Group 2). Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance
      visual acuities, spherical equivalent (SE), manifest cylinder (cylinder), and
      mean keratometry (K) were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS:
      The mean interval between treatments was 7 months +/- 2 (SD) (mean follow-up, 13
      +/- 1 months). The mean UDVA and CDVA improved in both groups (UDVA: 0.07 +/-
      0.09 to 0.25 +/- 0.12, Group 1, and 0.11 +/- 0.09 to 0.32 +/- 0.21, Group 2;
      CDVA: 0.24 +/- 0.11 to 0.41 +/- 0.20 and 0.22 +/- 0.16 to 0.55 +/- 0.2,
      respectively). The mean SE, cylinder, and mean K values decreased in both groups
      (SE: -7.13 +/- 3.34 D to -2.98 +/- 2.33 D, Group 1, and -7.05 +/- 5.54 D to -2.81
      +/- 4.08 D, Group 2; cylinder: -4.38 +/- 2.03 D to -2.62 +/- 1.93 D and -4.68 +/-
      2.60 D to -2.20 +/- 1.67 D, respectively; mean K: 52.47 +/- 4.01 D to 48.31 +/-
      3.65 D and 52.06 +/- 4.93 D to 48.08 +/- 4.13 D, respectively). Overall, there
      was more improvement in CDVA, SE, and mean K in Group 2 than in Group 1.
      CONCLUSION: Implantation of ICRS followed by CXL resulted in greater improvement
      of keratoconus.

PMID- 19969213
TI  - Dry eyes and corneal sensation after laser in situ keratomileusis with
      femtosecond laser flap creation Effect of hinge position, hinge angle, and flap
      thickness.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine whether corneal sensation and dry-eye signs and symptoms
      after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery with a femtosecond
      laser are affected by varying hinge position, hinge angle, or flap thickness.
      SETTING: University-based academic practice, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. METHODS:
      This prospective randomized contralateral-eye study evaluated eyes after
      bilateral myopic LASIK with a femtosecond laser (IntraLase). Superior and
      temporal hinge positions, 45-degree and 90-degree hinge angles, and 100 microm
      and 130 microm corneal flap thicknesses were compared. Postoperative follow-up at
      1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months included central Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry,
      the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, a Schirmer test with anesthesia,
      tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and conjunctival
      lissamine green staining. RESULTS: The study evaluated 190 consecutive eyes (95
      patients). Corneal sensation was reduced at all postoperative visits, with
      improvement over 12 months (P<.001). There was no difference in corneal sensation
      between the different hinge positions, angles, or flap thicknesses at any time
      point. The overall ocular surface disease index score was increased at 1 week, 1
      month, and 3 months (P<.0001, P<.0001, and P = .046, respectively). The
      percentage of patients with a TBUT longer than 10 seconds was significantly lower
      at 1 week and 1 month (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Dry-eye syndrome after myopic LASIK
      with a femtosecond laser was mild and improved after 3 months. Corneal flap hinge
      position, hinge angle, and thickness had no effect on corneal sensation or dry
      eye syndrome.

PMID- 19969214
TI  - Repeated pupil size measurements in refractive surgery candidates.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the individual variation in pupil diameter measurements in
      refractive surgery candidates under standardized conditions over 2 testing
      sessions using a digital infrared pupillometer. SETTING: Department of
      Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
      METHODS: The pupil size in both eyes of consecutive refractive surgery candidates
      was measured under 2 illumination levels (scotopic at 0.03 lux, low mesopic at
      0.82 lux) with a digital infrared pupillometer (Procyon P2000 SA). Before
      measurement, a standardized dark-adaptation protocol was used. Measurements were
      taken twice on separate occasions. RESULTS: The study evaluated 318 eyes of 159
      patients with a mean age of 36.3 years +/- 10.2 (SD). The mean interval between
      measurements was 53 +/- 62.8 days. Despite sufficient power (beta < 0.05), there
      was no statistically significant difference between 2 consecutive measurements
      under scotopic and low mesopic illumination. CONCLUSION: Using a standardized
      dark-adaptation protocol, refractive surgery candidates showed no significant
      variation in scotopic or low mesopic pupil diameter over 2 testing sessions.

PMID- 19969215
TI  - Efficacy of 2 types of silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after
      photorefractive keratectomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of 2 types of silicone hydrogel bandage contact
      lenses with high oxygen transmissibility after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
      SETTING: Institute of Vision and Optics, Faculty of Medicine, University of
      Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. METHODS: In this prospective study, 1 eye of
      patients having bilateral PRK was randomly fitted with a bandage contact lens of
      lotrafilcon A (Night & Day) and the fellow eye, with a bandage contact lens of
      lotrafilcon B (O(2)Optix). The patients and the examiner were masked to which
      bandage contact lens type was in which eye. Patients were examined on the day of
      surgery and 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively. Postoperative examinations included
      uncorrected distance visual acuity and slitlamp biomicroscopy to assess
      epithelial defect size. Subjective evaluation of pain and vision was recorded 1,
      2, 3, and 4 days postoperatively. RESULTS: The study enrolled 44 patients (88
      eyes). The mean epithelial defect size immediately after surgery was 47.0 mm(2)
      with both types of bandage contact lenses. There was no statistically significant
      difference in epithelial defect size between the 2 lenses at any postoperative
      visit. Three days postoperatively, reepithelialization was complete in 75.0% of
      eyes in the lotrafilcon A group and 72.7% of the eyes in the lotrafilcon B group.
      CONCLUSION: There were no differences in corneal reepithelialization or
      subjective measurements after PRK between the 2 types of silicone hydrogel
      bandage contact lenses.

PMID- 19969216
TI  - Preoperative topical moxifloxacin 0.5% and povidone-iodine 5.0% versus povidone
      iodine 5.0% alone to reduce bacterial colonization in the conjunctival sac.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of adding topical moxifloxacin 0.5% to
      topical povidone-iodine 5.0% for preoperative reduction of bacterial recovery
      from the conjunctiva. SETTING: Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. METHODS: The
      study population comprised adult patients scheduled for elective intraocular
      surgery. Two hours before surgery, patients were randomly assigned to topical
      therapy with moxifloxacin 0.5% drops (study group) or normal saline drops
      (control group). Povidone-iodine 5% solution was also instilled in the
      conjunctival sac in both groups for 3 minutes immediately before surgery.
      Conjunctival cultures were obtained before prophylactic therapy and just before
      surgery. The major outcome measures were the rate of bacterial colonization and
      bacterial type in conjunctival cultures obtained after instillation of povidone
      iodine and immediately before surgery. RESULTS: Overall, 464 patients completed
      the study; there were 237 patients in the study group and 227 patients in the
      control group. Positive conjunctival cultures were obtained before prophylactic
      therapy in 91 patients (38%) in the study group and 94 patients (41%) in the
      control group and just before surgery in 10 patients (4%) and 6 patients (3%),
      respectively; neither difference was statistically significant. Coagulase
      negative Staphylococcus was the most prevalent bacteria and was found equally in
      both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with povidone-iodine 5.0% alone was effective
      in preoperative reduction of conjunctival bacterial colonization. Adding topical
      moxifloxacin 0.5% to povidone-iodine 5.0% had no significant effect on further
      reduction in the bacterial colonization rate.

PMID- 19969217
TI  - Incision sizes at different stages of phacoemulsification with foldable
      intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate incision sizes during different stages of
      phacoemulsification and after implantation of a foldable acrylic intraocular lens
      (IOL). SETTING: Private eye center, Manila, Philippines. METHODS: In this
      prospective observational case series, incision widths were measured before and
      after microcoaxial phacoemulsification (2.2 mm), after cortical removal, and
      after implantation of a 6.0 mm optic, foldable, single-piece aspheric hydrophobic
      acrylic IOL using a D cartridge and a Monarch III injector. RESULTS: The incision
      width increased in 101 (93.5%) of the 108 eyes; the enlargement was 0.1 mm in 78
      eyes (77.2%) and 0.2 mm in 23 eyes (22.8%). The final incision width was 2.3 mm
      in 78 eyes (72.2%), 2.2 mm in 27 eyes (25.0%), 2.1 mm in 2 eyes, and 2.4 mm in 1
      eye. Enlargement occurred during phacoemulsification in 39 eyes, during cortical
      removal in 33 eyes, and during IOL implantation in 52 eyes; 23 eyes had more than
      1 enlargement. Before IOL implantation, the incision was smaller than 2.2 mm in
      76 eyes (70.4%); after IOL implantation, the incision increased to 2.3 mm in 47
      eyes (61.8%). Thirty-two eyes (29.6%) had a 2.3 mm incision before IOL
      implantation; the incision increased further (by 0.1 mm) after IOL implantation
      in 1 eye. CONCLUSIONS: Incision enlargement occurred at different stages of
      phacoemulsification, mostly during IOL implantation. More than 72% of eyes had a
      final incision of 2.3 mm. Beginning with a 2.3 mm incision may prevent wound
      tears and surface irregularities.

PMID- 19969218
TI  - Glistenings in a large series of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and severity of glistenings in hydrophobic
      acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) and assess the potential correlation between
      glistenings and clinical and demographic factors. SETTING: Service
      d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
      METHODS: Eligible patients received an AcrySof IOL between September 2000 and
      December 2007 and had a routine ophthalmic visit between January 2007 and March
      2008. The incidence and severity of glistenings were graded subjectively and
      analyzed in relation to patient age and sex, length of follow-up, IOL model, IOL
      power, neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA),
      spherical equivalent (SE), and selected ocular and systemic diseases and
      medications. RESULTS: Glistenings occurred in 157 (60.4%) of the 260 eyes; they
      were absent in 103 eyes (39.6%). Glistenings were of grade 1 severity in 87 eyes
      (33.5%) and of grade 2 severity in 70 eyes (26.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The results
      suggest a potential association between the incidence of glistenings and IOL
      power and glaucoma, but not between glistenings and age, sex, IOL model, length
      of follow-up, CDVA, SE, or most ocular and systemic diseases and medications.

PMID- 19969219
TI  - Discrepancy between central and midperipheral corneal thickness measurements
      obtained with slit-scanning pachymetry and noncontact specular microscopy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare corneal thickness measurements obtained by a slit-scanning
      method with those obtained by noncontact specular microscopy, with a focus on the
      midperipheral (3.0 mm) region of the cornea. SETTING: Department of Vision
      Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom. METHODS: In
      adults with up to 8.50 diopters of myopia, single measurements of corneal
      thickness were performed with specular microscopy (Topcon SP-2000P) at central,
      3.0 mm nasal, and temporal midperiphery locations. Slit-scanning pachymetry
      (Orbscan II) measurements were then taken and data extracted for 2.0 mm diameter
      sample zones at the central, 3.0 mm nasal, and temporal locations. RESULTS: The
      mean corneal thickness by specular microscopy was 0.524 mm in the central zone,
      0.586 mm in the temporal location, and 0.547 mm in the temporal location. The
      mean uncorrected slit-scanning pachymetry readings were 0.584 mm, 0.668 mm, and
      0.658 mm, respectively, and the mean 0.92 acoustic factor-corrected readings,
      0.538 mm, 0.614 mm, and 0.603 mm, respectively. At central locations, the
      corrected slit-scanning measurements agreed with specular microscopy measurements
      to within +/-0.014 mm (95% confidence interval, -0.019 to +0.045 mm). However,
      even with correction, discrepancies at the midperipheral locations were as high
      as 4 times greater (temporal). CONCLUSION: Results show that the slit-scanning
      pachymeter can substantially overestimate more peripheral thickness measurements
      of the cornea than specular microscopy or ultrasound pachymetry and that the
      differences cannot be corrected using the same acoustic factor (0.92). Off-center
      slit-scanning thickness measurements, therefore, cannot be used interchangeably
      with those obtained with other pachymetry methods, especially before refractive
      surgery.

PMID- 19969220
TI  - Dual intraocular lens implantation: Monofocal lens in the bag and additional
      diffractive multifocal lens in the sulcus.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate a new diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) as an
      additional (add-on) IOL for sulcus-based implantation. SETTING: Augenklinik am
      Neumarkt, Koln, Germany. METHODS: In this prospective study, cataract patients
      had phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. After phacoemulsification, an
      aspheric silicone monofocal IOL (MS 612 ASP-Y) with a power range of +4.00 to
      +27.00 diopters [D]) was implanted in the capsular bag. This was followed by
      sulcus placement of an add-on multifocal IOL (MS 714 PB) with a +3.50 D
      diffractive element for near but zero refractive power for distance. RESULTS: The
      study included 56 eyes of 30 patients. Three months postoperatively, the mean
      monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.10 logMAR +/- 0.11 (SD)
      (median 1.00 decimal; 20/20 Snellen), with a remaining mean postoperative
      spherical equivalent of 0.01 +/- 0.51 D. The mean uncorrected intermediate visual
      acuity was 0.20 +/- 0.15 logMAR (median 0.63 decimal; 20/30 Snellen) with a
      luminance of 500 lux at 1 m. The mean uncorrected near visual acuity (Early
      Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy chart) was 0.16 +/- 0.13 logMAR (median 0.80
      decimal; Jaeger 2). No major complications (eg, iris chafing, iris capture, lens
      epithelial cell ingrowth, glaucoma) were associated with the add-on IOL in the
      sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: Combined implantation of an add-on diffractive sulcus IOL
      and a monofocal capsular bag IOL was safe and effective in improving far and near
      visual acuity in cataract surgery. Preliminary visual acuity results were similar
      to those in eyes with a single 1-piece diffractive multifocal IOL.

PMID- 19969221
TI  - Ethnic differences in higher-order aberrations: Spherical aberration in the South
      East Asian Chinese eye.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of higher-order corneal and ocular
      aberrations in a healthy refractive surgery population. SETTING: Island Hospital,
      Penang, Malaysia. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, 1 eye of
      ethnic Chinese refractive surgery patients was evaluated with an Orbscan II
      corneal topographer and a Zywave Hartmann-Shack aberrometer with a 6.0 mm pupil.
      Height data were analyzed to derive the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) from the
      3rd to 5th Zernike order. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent in the 70 eyes
      evaluated was -6.46 diopters +/- 3.10 (SD). The mean total corneal HOA was 0.574
      +/- 0.218 microm (range 0.269 to 1.249 microm) and the mean total ocular HOA,
      0.525 +/- 0.354 microm (range 0.138 to 2.145 microm). There was no statistically
      significant correlation with age. The mean 3rd-order ocular aberration was 0.399
      +/- 0.287 microm; the mean 4th-order, 0.297 +/- 0.223 microm; and the mean 5th
      order, 0.108 +/- 0.101 microm. Corneal spherical aberration was greater than
      ocular spherical aberration (mean 0.312 +/- 0.114 microm versus 0.200 +/- 0.170
      microm). Multilinear regression showed that the only dependent that predicted
      ocular spherical aberration was anterior corneal asphericity (r(2) = 0.227, F =
      17.95, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Corneal and ocular aberrations in South East Asian
      Chinese eyes were significantly greater than that reported in other populations.
      Population differences in wavefront errors were significant, and this should be
      noted in patient management.

PMID- 19969222
TI  - Quantification of hydroxyl radical produced during phacoemulsification.
AB  - PURPOSE: To quantitate hydroxyl radicals produced during phacoemulsification with
      various irrigating solutions and conditions used in cataract surgery. SETTING:
      Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
      METHODS: All experiments were performed using an Infiniti Vision System
      phacoemulsifier with irrigation and aspiration. Hydroxyl radicals were
      quantitated using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and a spectrophotometric
      assay for malondialdehyde, which is formed by the oxidation of deoxyribose by the
      hydroxyl radical. RESULTS: Hydroxyl radical production increased during
      longitudinal-stroking phacoemulsification as power levels were increased in a
      nonlinear, nonexponential fashion. The detection of hydroxyl radical was reduced
      in irrigating solutions containing organic molecules (eg, citrate, acetate,
      glutathione, dextrose) and further reduced in Navstel, an irrigating solution
      containing a viscosity-modifying agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
      CONCLUSIONS: Hydroxyl radicals produced in settings representative of those used
      in phacoemulsification cataract surgery were quantitated using the deoxyribose
      method. Hydroxyl radical production was dependent on the level of ultrasound
      power applied and the irrigating solution used. Oxidative stress on the eye
      during phacoemulsification may be minimized by using irrigating solutions that
      contain organic molecules, including the viscosity-modifying agent hydroxypropyl
      methylcellulose, that can compete for reaction with hydroxyl radicals.

PMID- 19969223
TI  - Complete spontaneous posterior luxation of capsular bag-intraocular lens-capsular
      tension ring complex.
AB  - We describe the case of a monocular 72-year-old man who presented with
      spontaneous acute visual decrease in the left eye 2 years after uneventful
      phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) and standard capsular tension
      ring (CTR) implantation. Dilated fundoscopy revealed aphakia and complete
      vitreous luxation of the entire capsular bag-IOL-CTR complex.

PMID- 19969224
TI  - Epidermophyton fungal keratitis following laser-assisted subepithelial
      keratectomy.
AB  - A 40-year-old man developed pain, decreased vision, and a corneal infiltrate 10
      days after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. Treatment with conventional
      topical and systemic antibiotic agents did not improve the symptoms.
      Approximately 2 weeks after surgery, the patient was referred to Kim's Eye
      Hospital, presenting with counting fingers visual acuity, moderate anterior
      chamber reaction, and multifocal stromal infiltrates in the left eye. The corneal
      infiltrate findings were suggestive of fungal keratitis, and corneal smears were
      positive for septate fungal hyphae. Treatment with topical amphotericin B was
      initiated, but there was little response. After mycology culture and molecular
      analysis identified Epidermophyton floccosum as the infectious organism, topical
      natamycin was added and the infiltrate gradually resolved. Three weeks after
      treatment with natamycin, the corrected visual acuity was 20/25. Treatment with
      topical natamycin was effective against Epidermophyton keratitis.

PMID- 19969225
TI  - Toric intraocular Collamer lens for high myopic astigmatism after penetrating
      keratoplasty.
AB  - A toric intraocular Collamer lens (ICL) was used to correct myopic astigmatism
      after penetrating keratoplasty. The patient's manifest refraction improved from 
      8.0 -1.75 x 170 preoperatively, with an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA)
      of 0.15 and a corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0.4, to +0.75 -0.50 x
      130 postoperatively, with a UDVA of 0.8 and a CDVA of 1.0. No serious
      complications or refractive changes occurred during the 1-year follow-up.
      Implantation of a myopic toric ICL in phakic eyes is an option to correct
      postkeratoplasty anisometropia and astigmatism.

PMID- 19969226
TI  - Pigment dispersion and chronic intraocular pressure elevation after sulcus
      placement of 3-piece acrylic intraocular lens.
AB  - A 55-year-old man had phacoemulsification and implantation of a 3-piece acrylic
      intraocular lens (IOL) (AcrySof MA60AC) in the right eye. One month
      postoperatively, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 48 mm Hg and peripheral
      transillumination defects were noted in the iris circumferentially, with the IOL
      optic edge visible as a silhouette. Gonioscopy showed dense pigmentation of the
      trabecular meshwork in the right eye, but in the left eye, only mild trabecular
      meshwork pigment was seen, along with a concave peripheral iris insertion. At 21
      months, the right eye required 3 medications for IOP control. While pigment
      dispersion has been widely reported after placement of 1-piece acrylic IOLs in
      the ciliary sulcus, we conclude that in susceptible individuals with a concave
      peripheral iris insertion, pigment dispersion can occur with sulcus placement of
      a 3-piece acrylic model despite its thinner optic and angulated haptics.

PMID- 19969227
TI  - Intracorneal gas after intracameral gas injection for Descemet tear in
      keratoconus.

PMID- 19969228
TI  - Comparison of preoperative and postoperative axial length measurement with
      immersion A-scan in ICL cases.

PMID- 19969229
TI  - Estimating corneal meridians.

PMID- 19969230
TI  - Consultation section. Cataract surgical problem.

PMID- 19969238
TI  - Intraocular lens power calculation.

PMID- 19969239
TI  - Transient pseudophakic hyperopia after previous radial keratotomy.

PMID- 19969242
TI  - Relationship between hydrodynamic parameters and endothelial cell loss after
      phacoemulsification.

PMID- 19969244
TI  - Suture-related corneal infections: Should all sutures be routinely removed after
      phacoemulsification?

PMID- 19969245
TI  - Suture-related corneal infections.

PMID- 19969248
TI  - Management of retained lens fragments after cataract surgery with and without
      pars plana vitrectomy.

PMID- 19969249
TI  - Medical versus surgical management of retained lens fragments.

PMID- 19969251
TI  - Mitochondrial dysfunction: mitochondrial diseases and pathways with a focus on
      neurodegeneration. Preface.

PMID- 19969252
TI  - EGFR targeted fluorescence imaging in gliomas.

PMID- 19969253
TI  - The use of volumetric CT as an imaging biomarker in lung cancer.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the
      United States. Mortality outcomes have improved only modestly over the past 30
      years. There is intense focus on the development of better treatments for lung
      cancer. Major issues include the cost and time duration of the clinical trials
      required to establish the utility of a drug so that it can be formally approved
      by regulatory agencies. In clinical settings, biomarkers that accelerate
      assessments of responses to treatment could benefit patients by providing earlier
      diagnoses of progressive disease, particularly when there are multiple options
      for treatment, and the effects of toxicity from one treatment tend to limit the
      ability to administer the next line of therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      Quantifying longitudinal changes in tumor volumes using computed tomography could
      eventually become a more useful surrogate endpoint for assessing tumor responses
      or progression events than simple unidimensional measurements. RESULTS: The
      authors review the historical development of response measurements in lung
      cancer, set out the medical context for specifying volumetric imaging
      requirements and goals, compare volumetric technique to conventional methods, and
      identify the imaging profiles being pursued. CONCLUSION: The Quantitative Imaging
      Biomarkers Alliance is investigating volumetric computed tomographic acquisition
      and analytic methods to increase the analytic power per subject enrolled in
      clinical trials to reduce the number of total subjects needed or shorten the
      length of time an individual needs to be followed to reliably establish drug
      response.

PMID- 19969254
TI  - Volumetric CT in lung cancer: an example for the qualification of imaging as a
      biomarker.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: New ways to understand biology as well as increasing
      interest in personalized treatments requires new capabilities for the assessment
      of therapy response. The lack of consensus methods and qualification evidence
      needed for large-scale multicenter trials, and in turn the standardization that
      allows them, are widely acknowledged to be the limiting factor in the deployment
      of qualified imaging biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Quantitative Imaging
      Biomarker Alliance is organized to establish a methodology whereby multiple
      stakeholders collaborate. It has charged the Volumetric Computed Tomography (CT)
      Technical Subcommittee with investigating the technical feasibility and clinical
      value of quantifying changes over time in either volume or other parameters as
      biomarkers. The group selected solid tumors of the chest in subjects with lung
      cancer as its first case in point. Success is defined as sufficiently rigorous
      improvements in CT-based outcome measures to allow individual patients in
      clinical settings to switch treatments sooner if they are no longer responding to
      their current regimens, and reduce the costs of evaluating investigational new
      drugs to treat lung cancer. RESULTS: The team has completed a systems engineering
      analysis, has begun a roadmap of experimental groundwork, documented profile
      claims and protocols, and documented a process for imaging biomarker
      qualification as a general paradigm for qualifying other imaging biomarkers as
      well. CONCLUSION: This report addresses a procedural template for the
      qualification of quantitative imaging biomarkers. This mechanism is cost
      effective for stakeholders while simultaneously advancing the public health by
      promoting the use of measures that prove effective.

PMID- 19969255
TI  - Goals and objectives for an integrated, graduated curriculum in abdominal
      radiology.
AB  - The Residency Review Committee of the American Council of Graduate Medical
      Education has designated abdominal radiology as one of the subspecialty areas
      required for radiology residency training. Because it spans both gastrointestinal
      and genitourinary organ systems and multiple modalities, a graduated, integrated
      abdominal radiology curriculum, which is based on the General Competencies, was
      developed.

PMID- 19969256
TI  - Hitchhiking.

PMID- 19969257
TI  - The electronic era.

PMID- 19969258
TI  - [Update on the epidemiology of genital prolapse].
AB  - The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) varies between 2.9 and 11.4% in
      questionnaire-based studies and from 31.8 to 97.7% according to the ICS Pelvic
      Organ Prolapse Classification (POPQ) anatomical classifications. The cumulative
      incidence of surgery for POP is as high as 70% in women more than 70-year-old.
      Aging is significantly associated with the prevalence and severity of POP. Pelvic
      disorders are a health economic challenge for the future due to the longer life
      expectancy of women and to an increasing demand for a better quality of life.
      Identification of risk factors will be critical in order to develop strategies to
      prevent the disease and limitate the need for surgical intervention.

PMID- 19969259
TI  - [Functional anatomy of the pelvic floor].
AB  - The pelvic floor is the support of the pelvic visceras. The levator ani muscle
      (LA) with its two bundles (pubo- and ilio-coccygeus) is the major component of
      this pelvic floor. LA is formed essentially by type I fibers (with high oxidative
      capability and presence of slow myosin) as in postural muscles. The aerobic
      metabolism makes LA susceptible to injury caused by excentric contraction and
      mitochondrial dysfunction. The innervation of the pelvic floor comes from the
      2nd, 3rd, 4th anterior sacral roots; denervation affects pelvic dynamism.
      Perineum includes the musculofascial structures under the LA: ventrally the
      striated urethral sphincter and the ischio-cavernous and bulbospongious, caudally
      the fatty tissue filling the ischioanal fossa. Pelvic fascia covers the muscles;
      it presents reinforcements: the uterosacral and cardinal ligaments, the arcus
      tendineus fascia pelvis (ATFP) and the arcus tendineus levator ani (ATLA). The
      pelvis statics is supported by the combined action of all this anatomical
      structures anteriorly forming the perineal "hammock", medially the uterosacral
      and cardinal ligaments, posteriorly the rectovaginal fascia and the perineal
      body. The angles formed by the pelvic visceras with their evacuation ducts
      participate to the pelvic statics. During the pelvic dynamics the modification of
      these angles expresses the action of the musculofascial structures.

PMID- 19969260
TI  - [Physiopathology of genitourinary prolapse].
AB  - The physiopathology of urogenital prolapse is multifactorial, a combination of
      the interaction between constitutional and acquired factors resulting in the
      weakening of perineal support. Genetic modifications contribute to the occurrence
      of prolapse (proof level 2). Differences relating to types of collagen and their
      proportions, the construction of smooth muscle fibres and nervous structures,
      have been described between women with and without prolapse. But the relationship
      of cause and effect is not always clear. It would appear that the reduction in
      the expression of the elastine gene and the perturbation of metabolism may be at
      the origin of the cause of a prolapse. However, the intense activity of tissue
      remodeling is probably the consequence of biomechanical pressure born by the
      prolapse. Muscular or neuropathic lesions of the levator ani have been widely
      researched and documented. In the case of prolapse, these were isolated
      exceptions and most often associated with dehiscence of support tissue.

PMID- 19969261
TI  - [Risk factors and prevention of genitourinary prolapse].
AB  - Numerous epidemiological studies in recent years have involved the search for the
      principal risk factors of genitourinary prolapse. Although it has been agreed for
      a long time that vaginal delivery increases the risk of prolapse (proof level 1),
      on the other hand, the Cesarian section cannot be considered a completely
      effective preventative method (proof level 2). The pregnancy itself is a risk
      factor for prolapse (proof level 2). Certain obstetrical conditions contribute to
      the alterations of the perineal floor muscle: a foetus weighing more than four
      kilos, the use of instruments at birth (proof level 3). If the risk of prolapse
      increases with age, intrication with hormonal factors is important (proof level
      2). The role of hormonal replacement therapy remains controversial. Antecedent
      pelvic surgery has also been identified as a risk factor (proof level 2). Other
      varying acquired factors have been documented. Obesity (BMI and abdominal
      perimeter), professional activity and intense physical activity (proof level 3),
      as well as constipation, increase the risk of prolapse. More thorough research
      into these varying factors is necessary in order to be able to argue for measures
      of prevention, obstetrical techniques having already evolved to ensure minimal
      damage to the perineal structure.

PMID- 19969262
TI  - [Clinical examination of prolapse].
AB  - Physical examination is still very contributing in the evaluation of female
      pelvic organ prolapse. Related symptoms do predict neither the severity nor the
      location of the prolapse. The accuracy and the reliability of the physical
      examination are high for the anterior and middle compartments but insufficient
      for the evaluation of the posterior compartment, which should include imaging and
      manometric tests. The physical examination does not show any difference between
      morning and afternoon and its reliability is independent of the examiner
      particularly if performed in the patient standing.

PMID- 19969263
TI  - [Clinical examination in dyschesia].
AB  - Dyschesia, also called obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS), is a difficulty to
      exonerate with straining. A rectocele or an intussusception are the main causes.
      Defecation is facilitated by digital maneuvers into vagina in case of rectocele
      or on the perineum in intussusception. Clinical examination is conducted at rest
      and at strain allowing exposing the rectocele. Vaginal valves may allow
      differentiating an anterior colpocele to a rectocele. An anterior rectal hernia
      should be accentuated by digital examination of the rectum. Clinical examination
      in intussusception is poor. An ODS scoring is useful to determine the severity of
      the symptoms and to appreciate the therapeutic results comparing pre- and post
      treatment scores.

PMID- 19969264
TI  - [The role of ultrasound in the exploration of pelvic floor disorders].
AB  - Dynamic ultrasound, especially perineal and introital, allows the appreciation of
      the prolapses (cystoptosis, bladder neck and urethral mobility,enterocele,
      rectocele). It remains, however, clearly more limited in the precise study of
      posterior colpoceles, and especially in anorectal disorders, than
      colpocystodefecography or dynamic MRI. Endoanal ultrasound is the first line
      morphological examination of the anal sphincter. Perineal and introital
      ultrasound examinations are useful to appreciate certain complications with
      suburethral tape and pelvic mesh. For an appreciaton of the morphology of the
      pelvis and post-mictional residual, the ultrasound remains the first line
      examination. Pelvic and endovaginal ultrasounds should be systematic, in the
      absence of MRI, in the presurgical assessment of a prolapse: checks for an
      ovarian lesion or endrometrial cancer (obesity being a risk factor in the
      menopaused woman), evaluation of uterine volume in the younger woman.

PMID- 19969265
TI  - [The role of medical imaging in the exploration of pelvic floor disorders].
AB  - Colpocystodefecography (CCD) and dynamic MRI with defecography (MRId) permit an
      alternation between filling and emptying the hollow organs and the maximum
      abdominal strain offered by the defecation. The application in imaging of these
      two principles reveal the masked or underestimated prolapses at the time of the
      physical examination. Rigorous application of the technique guarantees almost
      equivalent results from the two examinations. The CCD provides voiding views and
      improved analysis of the anorectal pathology (intussusceptions, anismus) but
      involves radiation and a more invasive examination. MRId has the advantage of
      providing continuous visibility of the peritoneal compartment, and a multiplanar
      representation, enabling an examination of the morphology of the pelvic organs
      and of the supporting structures, but with the disadvantage of still
      necessitating a supine examination, resulting sometimes in an incomplete
      evacuation. The normal and abnormal results (cystoptosis, vaginal vault prolapse,
      enterocele, anorectal intussuception, rectocele, descending perineum, urinary and
      fecal incontinence) and the respective advantages and the limits of the various
      imaging methods are detailed. Morphological and dynamic imaging are essential
      complementary tools to the physical examination, especially when a precise
      anatomic assessment is required to understand the functional complaint or when a
      reintervention is needed.

PMID- 19969266
TI  - [Urodynamics and prolapse].
AB  - Urogenital prolapses have a significant impact on bladder and urethral functions.
      Bladder outlet obstruction and associated stress urinary incontinence are the
      most commun findings in this setting. Although the diagnosis of stress urinary
      incontinence is made by physical examination, urodynamic investigations are
      crucial to decide the most appropriate treatment for each individual patient.
      Despite some technical limitations, we recommend that a proper urodynamic
      investigation should be performed before any surgical intervention for urogenital
      prolapse.

PMID- 19969267
TI  - [What role does electrophysiological exploration play in the treatment of
      urogenital prolapse?].
AB  - Isolated pelvic organ prolapse or together with urinary or fecal incontinence are
      frequently associated with peripheral neuropathy. This peripheral neuropathy
      could be seen as the cause or sometimes the consequence of the prolapse itself.
      Most of the studies have looked at the relationships between neuropathy and fecal
      incontinence. However, concerning urogenital prolapses, it seems that any
      peripheral denervation would lead to an exacerbation of the prolapse due to the
      weakness of the pelvic floor. Electromyography and electrophysiological tests are
      the only options to demonstrate objectively the peripheral neuropathy associated
      with pelvic organ prolapse. Those tests should not be performed systematically
      but only if there is any clinical suspicion of an underlying neuropathy.

PMID- 19969268
TI  - [Non surgical treatment of prolapse].
AB  - Surgery is the treatment of pelvic prolapses. But in case of stage 1 prolapses or
      surgical contra-indication, some non surgical treatment can be proposed. There is
      no scientific proof of efficacy of an hormonal treatment. Pessaries are an
      alternate with satisfaction for voluntary patients, it gives 58 to 80%
      satisfaction; in young patients or if surgery is contra-indicated, pessaries can
      be proposed; vaginal discomfort induced by pessaries can be improved by local
      oestrogenotherapy. Pelvic floor training has been compared in some studies with
      no training: after 2 years, 72% versus 27% without worsening of the prolapse
      (Piya-Anant); in moderate prolapse, training can be useful. Prevention includes
      careful delivery management, struggle against overweight, carriage of weight,
      chronic cough, etc.

PMID- 19969269
TI  - [Surgical treatment of prolapse using laparoscopic promontofixation: technical
      principles and results].
AB  - Abdominal sacrofixation is the gold standard for the treatment of the prolapse.
      There are many ways to do it: technical, meshes, dissection, fixation of the
      mesh, associated procedures. Laparotomy is the classical procedure for
      sacrofixation. The basis of sacrofixation is to dissect the weak vesicovaginal
      and rectovaginal fascias and to replace with meshes spread out on the entire
      dissected surface. PROCEDURE: Suprapubic abdominal incision, dissection of the
      anterior vertebral ligament on the right of the promontory, dissection of the
      vesicovaginal and rectovaginal spaces; meshes are fixed anteriorly on the vagina,
      posteriorly on the levator ani and uterosacral ligaments. The peritoneum on the
      meshes is carefully closed to avoid later ileus. RESULTS: Redux is globally 10%
      (74-98%); the redux occur in the two years. Meshes exposure, spondilodiscitis,
      ileus are uncommon. In comparison with the vaginal procedures, there is less
      redux, less dyspareunia. But the drawbacks are postoperative pains, scars,
      eventration, low dissection difficult and some contraindications to the abdominal
      sacrofixation: respiratory insufficiency, morbid obesity, multi-operated abdomen,
      ascitis, aortoiliac aneurysms.

PMID- 19969270
TI  - [Surgical treatment of prolapse using coelioscopic promontofixation: techniques
      and results].
AB  - The laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is the preferred procedure for the young woman.
      The procedure is that used for pelvic laparoscopy. The steps are identical as
      during open sacrocolpopexy, with the advantages of pneumodissection and better
      vision. The success rate is more than 90% and redux is mostly cystocele. Mesh
      erosion is reported in 2,7 to 9%. The indication for a posterior mesh is
      recommended if there is a rectocele or if a colposuspension at the same time. The
      fixation of the mesh must be posteriorly on the central tendon of perineum and
      the levator ani with a non resorbable stitches. The best mesh is type I in Amid
      classification. The comparative studies with open sacrocolpopexy and
      sacrospinifixation show an advantage for pain and hospital stay, but greater
      operative time for identical results. In preliminary results, the robotic
      abdominal sacrocolpopexy give the same results with a greater cost.

PMID- 19969271
TI  - [The role of hysterectomy during the repair of prolapse by promonotofixation].
AB  - In the past, hysterectomy was routinely performed at the time of pelvic organ
      prolapse repair. Nowadays, in patients with abnormal uterus (fibroma,
      dysplasia...), hysterectomy should be performed at the time of surgery. In
      contrast, in young women especially with desire of childbearing, uterus
      preservation is the best choice. But there is still a debate in postmenopausal
      patients with normal uterus and POP. There is currently no argument for choosing
      hysterectomy or uterus preservation at the time of POP repair in regard of the
      anatomical results for the middle as well as the anterior and posterior
      compartments. But it has been proven that hysterectomy increased the
      perioperative morbidity. Subtotal hysterectomy decreases this morbidity and
      result in a decreased rate of mesh erosion. To date, literature is not conclusive
      about the impact of hysterectomy on lower urinary tract symptoms. Patient's
      counselling is important before hysterectomy with adequate information about
      potential psychosexual consequences of such procedure. At least, if uterus
      preservation, patients must be aware of the risk of malignant diseases (cervix or
      endometrial carcinoma) even if the risk is low in case of a good screening
      preoperatively.

PMID- 19969272
TI  - [Surgical treatment of prolapse by abdominal route and effort-related urinary
      incontinence].
AB  - Stress urinary incontinence is often associated with prolapse. The suburethral
      tapes have modified the indication for a preventive treatment of incontinence.
      The tapes are necessary in case of patent or masked incontinence, discussed in
      case of potential incontinence. The diagnosis of incontinence is done on
      questions to the patient, clinical exam, more than in urodynamic study. There is
      no absolute sign allowing to predict postoperative incontinence after surgery for
      prolapse. A continent woman can be incontinent postoperatively. If a potential
      incontinence is treated in the same as the prolapse, the patient must be informed
      of risk of obstruction and/or urgency.

PMID- 19969273
TI  - [Does traditional colporraphy still have a role to play in the treatment of
      anterior colpocele?].
AB  - The aim of this review was to summarize the available literature on transvaginal
      anterior colporrhaphy (AC) in the management of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. A
      medline search from 1978 to 2008 was performed. Anatomical results were assessed
      for each study according to the severity of cystocele, the previous pelvic organ
      prolapse (POP) procedure and the numbers of procedures preformed concomitantly to
      the AC. The anatomic success rates of single anterior colporrhaphy varied between
      0 and 100 % with a follow-up ranged from 1 month to 20 years. The highest rates
      of anatomical recurrence were reported in series which encompassed a large number
      of women with high grade cystocele and/or previous POP procedures. However, the
      excellent short-term results and the feasibility of this technique suggest that
      AC can still be performed in selected cases.

PMID- 19969274
TI  - [The meshes in the cure of cystocele by vaginal way].
AB  - The advantages of vaginal way in the treatment of cystocele are simplicity,
      rapidity, peritoneal security. Raphy is subject to recidive. The meshes replace
      the weak fascia in its role of hammock (Delancey) for the bladder. The mesh
      covers the central and lateral fascial defects. The procedure consists in a short
      vertical colpotomy, vesicovaginal dissection, uterine preservation (if uterus is
      not pathologic), no vaginal excision. The mesh can be spread without fixation,
      fixed or anchored by arms in the obturator foramen. The results show a
      significative improvement in the risk of redux cystocele. Complications become
      less frequent with the expertise and quality of new meshes. Implants are a new
      vaginal evolving surgery: it must be evaluated by experts and practiced by
      experienced in vaginal approach surgeons.

PMID- 19969275
TI  - [Colpocleisis: indications, technique and results].
AB  - The aim of this review was to summarize recent published data about indications,
      surgical technique and results of colpocleisis. We conducted a literature search
      on Medline using PubMed from 1990 to 2008. Anatomical and functional results were
      assessed for each selected study according to the age and the morbidity of the
      surgical procedure. As the colpocleisis was complete or partial, anatomic success
      rates were reported near 100 % with a follow-up ranged from one month to six
      years. Colpocleisis is an effective procedure for treatment of advanced pelvic
      organ prolapse in selected patient who no longer desire preservation of coital
      function. Concomitant anti-incontinence procedure is not associated with
      increased postoperative morbidity. However, preoperative urodynamics remain to be
      established for an optimal management of urinary incontinence.

PMID- 19969276
TI  - [Sexual outcome after pelvic organ prolapse surgery].
AB  - Sexual well-being is an important parameter of women's health and quality of
      live. Sexual disorders may occur in women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or
      stress urinary incontinence and also after pelvic reconstructive surgery. Sexual
      dysfunction after POP or SUI surgery has been poorly documented but new condition
      specific questionnaires have been developed to help us to better evaluate such
      consequences. This paper reports updated data and highlights more specifically
      consequences of surgery with mesh reinforcement which is, currently, an important
      issue particularly when performing by vaginal approach.

PMID- 19969277
TI  - [Should a hysterectomy be carried at the same time as surgery for a prolapse by
      vaginal route?].
AB  - Classically hysterectomy is done during vaginal surgery for prolapse. But the
      anatomical and physiopathological facts would be in favour of uterus or cervix
      preservation. Uterine preservation do not modify the anatomical results of
      prolapse surgery. If a mesh is used, uterine or cervix preservation reduce the
      chance for a vaginal erosion. The sexual consequences, aside the narrow vaginal
      tube, are more psychological than objectively proved. The wish of pregnancy in
      young patient must leads to conservative procedures with sacrofixation (Richter
      or Richardson) better than cervix ablation (Manchester procedure). Further
      uterine or ovarian pathologies are as rare as to justify hysterectomy or
      annexectomy, the patient must be aware of a regular gynecological exam.
      Hysterectomy implies more bleeding, more hospital stay, more cost. So
      hysterectomy during vaginal surgery for prolapse would indicate for major
      hysterocele or in case of concomitant uterine pathology.

PMID- 19969278
TI  - [Treatment of uterine prolapse and vaginal vault by vaginal route].
AB  - All the prolapses of the median compartment (uterine or vault prolapse) of the
      pelvis have the same physiopathology. The surgical treatment must be reserved to
      symptomatic patients. Hysterectomy is discussed. The gold standard of the vaginal
      way is the sacrospinofixation (Richter procedure) Many other procedures are
      possible: colpofixation or colpocleisis. On young premenopausal women, the
      abdominal sacrofixation is the gold standard, but in postmenopausal ones, the
      vaginal way, specially the sacrospinofixation, is quicker and with less morbidity
      and hospitalization.

PMID- 19969279
TI  - [Cure of rectocele by vaginal way].
AB  - Rectocele is a rectal hernia through the posterior vaginal wall. There is three
      levels of rectocele. High rectocele is caused by the uterosacral and cardinal
      ligaments stretching; it needs prerecti fascia placation with a sacrofixation of
      an associated prolapsus of uterus or vaginal vault. The middle rectocele is
      linked with a rectovaginal fascia defect; the preferential choice for middle
      rectocele is midline fascial plication; superior myoraphy gives dyspareunia. The
      inferior rectocele results of a destruction of the perineal body; the treatment
      is a myoraphy with vulvoraphy. Complete rectocele would be an indication for a
      posterior mesh.

PMID- 19969280
TI  - [How to manage multicompartment pelvic organe prolapse?].
AB  - Repair of pelvic organ prolapse by vaginal route may use native tissues or
      meshes, which have been in extensive use over the last decades. Traditional
      surgery, and particularly sacrospinous fixation, has been proven to be effective
      with long term follow-up with well-known specific risks that could be avoided by
      skilled surgeons on condition that he observes basic vaginal surgery rules. This
      surgery is still recommended as first choice in patients over 70 years old with
      high-grade prolapse. Nevertheless recurrence rate after high-grade cystocele
      repair using native tissues as been reported between 30 and 50% depending on the
      technique used. Mesh repair and particularly the use of mesh kits is a valid
      option in case of prolapse with cystocele behind the hymen, specifically in case
      of paravaginal defect. Meshes use is licit in patients with prolapse recurrence
      as well. In contrast, spread use of transvaginal meshes in young patients with
      grade 3 or 4 prolapse whom tissues have a poor quality, has to be considered very
      carefully because of the lack of knowledge about long term results and sexual
      outcome.

PMID- 19969281
TI  - [Treatment of genitourinary prolapse].
AB  - Surgical treatment of genitourinary prolapse has changed considerably over the
      last few years. Now numerous surgical options are available offering efficient
      therapeutic solutions to treat different clinical situations. The type of
      surgical treatment depends on the precise analysis of the functional complaint
      and of anatomical pelvic lesions. The proposed treatment must take all aspects of
      the pathology into account. However, a review of existing research shows that
      there are still improvements to be made when it comes to comparing different
      techniques with one another.

PMID- 19969282
TI  - B-type natriuretic peptide receptors in hypertrophied adult rat cardiomyocytes.
AB  - Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) binds to three types of natriuretic peptide
      receptors, NPR-A, -B and -C (NPRs). The expression shape of BNP and NPRs seems to
      be an important modulator factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. The
      aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of NPRs in an animal model of
      pressure overload hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced by
      chronic abdominal aortic banding in adult male Wistar rats. After six weeks, NPRs
      gene expression was evaluated with RT-PCR, BNP plasma concentration and BNP
      positive myocytes were measured with ELISA and immunohistochemistry techniques
      respectively. NPR-A and NPR-C mRNA expression was significantly increased in left
      ventricular hypertrophied cardiomyocytes by 1.6-fold and 2.1-fold respectively
      (P<0.01). Abdominal aortic banding increased significantly BNP plasma
      concentration (630+/-8pg/ml vs 106+/-4pg/ml; P<0.01). The percentage of BNP
      positive cells in normal myocardial tissue were 40% while in the hypertrophied
      one it raised to 80%. The data suggest that in our left ventricular hypertrophy
      model, the NPR-A and NPR-C receptors were increased in association to the
      increased BNP level. This relationship may amplify beneficial paracrine/autocrine
      effects of BNP on cardiac remodelling in response to hemodynamic overload.

PMID- 19969283
TI  - [Percutaneous intervention: indications, limitations and results except acute
      coronary syndrome in 2009].
AB  - Most of percutaneous coronary interventions are performed on stabilized patients.
      Although these procedures have recently been challenged for this type of patient
      following the publication of the recent Courage study in 2007 (which in fact has
      only confirmed previous studies), their efficacy is now well established for
      lowering the frequency of episodes of angina and increasing the performance under
      load in stabilized high risk patients. In practice, the evaluation of patients
      (case by case) is essential to establish their risk (low, intermediate or high)
      in order to offer the most suitable treatment. The aim of this paper is to
      overview the indications, limitations and results of coronary angioplasties
      performed in stabilized patients in France in 2009.

PMID- 19969284
TI  - [Associations of environmental risk factors with risk of coronary artery disease
      in Tlemcen (Algeria)].
AB  - PURPOSE: In the purpose of studying the effect of the environmental factors on
      risk of coronary artery disease, we established a case-control study in Tlemcen.
      METHOD AND RESULTS: A sample of 568 men and women aged 25 to 64 years, was
      studied; 170 had had myocardial infarction or angina and 398 controls. Variables
      associated with CAD were age, sex, tobacco consumption, hypertension, diabetes,
      obesity, family history of cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol,
      triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Adjusted odds-ratio and their
      95 % CIs were calculated by logistic regression. Hypertension (OR=2.48 [1.68;
      3.67]), diabetes (OR=2.86 [1.89; 4.34]), obesity (OR=1.21 [0.76; 1.92]), family
      history of cardiovascular disease (OR=3.49 [1.39; 8.73]), total cholesterol
      (OR=0.99 [0.51; 1.92]), triglycerides levels (OR=1.76 [0.93; 3.35]), HDL
      cholesterol (OR=2.48 [1.69; 3.66]) and LDL-cholesterol (OR=1.09 [0.59; 2.01]).
      The variables differing most significantly and independently between cases and
      controls were identified by stepwise logistic regression analysis (p<0.05),
      variables concerned hypertension and diabetes (p<0.0001), decrease HDL
      cholesterol (p=0.0002) and tobacco consumption (p=0.005), with stronger
      associations in cases than in controls. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that
      hypertension and diabetes, decrease HDL-cholesterol in both sexes, an increase in
      concentration of triglyceride only in women and tobacco consumption in men, were
      significantly related to coronary artery disease in Tlemcen.

PMID- 19969285
TI  - Temporal alteration of chewing jaw movements after a reversible bite-raising in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Previous studies analysed the temporal changes of occlusal vertical dimension
      (OVD) with natural molar tooth contacts in bite-raised guinea pigs and found that
      the OVD is strictly maintained in the growing guinea pigs. Since the OVD is
      considered to be the influencing factor for performing mastication, we
      hypothesised that a control of the OVD is integrated with maintenance of an
      appropriate chewing behavior. In young adult guinea pigs with or without bite
      raised treatment, the OVD was measured by micro-CT and stable chewing movements
      were recorded during 11 days after the removal of the bite-raising appliance. In
      control animals, the OVD increased developmentally up to 10.5+/-6.0% for 11 days.
      In the bite-raised animals, the increased OVD was increased by 19.1+/-6.7% with
      the bite-raising appliance, and the OVD rapidly decreased to the same level as
      that of controls within 4 days after the removal of the appliance. During chewing
      on the first day after the removal of the appliance, the most closed position of
      the jaw was lower in bite-raised animals than in controls while the most opened
      position did not differ between the two groups, i.e., the jaw gape was decreased.
      These changes disappeared when OVD returned to the same level as that of
      controls. Any other variables for movements (e.g., rhythm) did not differ between
      the both groups throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that
      there is a robust association between an innate OVD and a centrally-programmed
      pattern of chewing movements for functional integrity.

PMID- 19969286
TI  - Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - This study tested Rachman's cognitive behavioral method for treating obsessions
      not accompanied by prominent overt compulsions. The cognitive behavioral
      treatment was compared to waitlist control and an active and credible comparison
      of stress management training (SMT). Of the 73 adults who were randomized, 67
      completed treatment, and 58 were available for one-year follow-up. The active
      treatments, compared to waitlist, resulted in substantially lower YBOCS scores,
      OCD-related cognitions and depression as well as improved social functioning.
      Overall, CBT and SMT showed large and similar reductions in symptoms. Pre-post
      effect sizes on YBOCS Obsessions for CBT and SMT completers was d = 2.34 and
      1.90, respectively. Although CBT showed small advantages over SMT on some symptom
      measures immediately after treatment, these differences were no longer apparent
      in the follow-up period. CBT resulted in larger changes on most OCD-related
      cognitions compared to SMT. The cognitive changes were stable at 12 months follow
      up, but the differences in the cognitive measures faded. The robust and enduring
      effects of both treatments contradict the long-standing belief that obsessions
      are resistant to treatment.

PMID- 19969288
TI  - Chemical modification of Posidonia with cyclic anhydrides: effect on thermal
      stability.
AB  - In the present work, we studied the chemical modification of Posidonia with
      maleic (AM) and phthalic (AP) anhydrides, and in the absence of any solvent. We
      used tripropylamine (TPA) as a catalyst and the mixture underwent an ultrasonic
      pretreatment. The influence of ultrasonic pretreating time, reaction time,
      temperature, anhydride concentration, was investigated. The extent of maleation
      and phthalation was measured by the percent of ester groups (TE), which increased
      when there was a parallel increment of anhydride concentration, reaction time,
      and temperature. Evidence of maleation and phthalation of the waste Posidonia
      biomass was provided by FT-IR and CP/MAS(13)C NMR. Thermogravimetric
      investigation of chemically modified Posidonia indicated a better thermal
      stability in comparison with the untreated Posidonia.

PMID- 19969287
TI  - Association of a polyadenylation polymorphism in the serotonin transporter and
      panic disorder.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Genetic markers in the serotonin transporter are associated with
      panic disorder (PD). The associated polymorphisms do not include the serotonin
      transporter-linked polymorphic region and display no obvious functional
      attributes. A common polymorphism (rs3813034) occurs in one of the two reported
      polyadenylation signals for the serotonin transporter and is in linkage
      disequilibrium with the PD-associated markers. If functional, rs3813034 might be
      the risk factor that explains the association of the serotonin transporter and
      PD. METHODS: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction on human brain samples (n =
      65) and lymphoblast cultures (n = 71) was used to test rs3813034 for effects on
      expression of the polyadenylation forms of the serotonin transporter. rs3813034
      was also tested for association in a sample of PD cases (n = 307) and a control
      sample (n = 542) that has similar population structure. RESULTS: The balance of
      the two polyadenylation forms of the serotonin transporter is associated with
      rs3813034 in brain (p < .001) and lymphoblasts (p < .001). The balance of the
      polyadenylation forms is also associated with gender in brain only (p < .05).
      Association testing of rs3813034 in PD identified a significant association (p =
      .0068) with a relative risk of 1.56 and 1.81 for the heterozygous and homozygous
      variant genotypes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: rs3813034 is a functional
      polymorphism in the serotonin transporter that alters the balance of the two
      polyadenylation forms of the serotonin transporter. rs3813034 is a putative risk
      factor for PD and other behavioral disorders that involve dysregulation of
      serotonergic neurotransmission.

PMID- 19969289
TI  - Efficient one-pot synthetic protocols for iminosugar-bearing imidazo[1,2
      a]pyridines from carbohydrates.
AB  - This letter describes two unprecedented one-pot high yielding synthetic
      approaches to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds from carbohydrates. The first
      approach involves microwave-assisted acid-catalyzed domino reactions of
      unprotected D-glucose/D-xylose with ammonium acetate and benzoin to afford
      polyhydroxy iminosugar-bearing tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. In the second
      approach, polyhydroxy iminosugar-bearing tetrahydrobenzimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
      were synthesized by using unprotected D-glucose/D-xylose and 1,2-diamines in the
      presence of 10 mol% of oxalic acid under solvent-free microwave irradiation
      conditions.

PMID- 19969290
TI  - RELT induces cellular death in HEK 293 epithelial cells.
AB  - RELT is a recently identified Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor that possess two
      homologues in humans named RELL1 and RELL2. We investigated whether RELT and its
      homologues could induce cellular death when transiently transfected into HEK 293
      epithelial cells. Transfection of RELT family members into HEK 293 epithelial
      cells induced cell death characterized by rounding and lifting of cells
      accompanied by DNA fragmentation, characteristics that are consistent with the
      activation of an apoptotic pathway. Overexpression of RELT in COS-7 cells
      resulted in cell rounding and lifting without DNA fragmentation, suggesting that
      the effects of RELT signaling may vary among different cell types. In summary, we
      report that overexpression of RELT or its homologues RELL1 and RELL2 in HEK 293
      epithelial cells results in cell death with morphological characteristics
      consistent with the activation of an apoptotic pathway.

PMID- 19969291
TI  - Anti-Mullerian hormone and inhibin B variability during normal menstrual cycles.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) variation across normal
      menstrual cycles. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Academic environment.
      PATIENT(S): Twenty regularly menstruating women. INTERVENTION(S): Serum AMH and
      inhibin B assayed daily during one normal menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURE(S): Intracycle variability of AMH and inhibin B. RESULT(S): Data were
      classified into quartiles of AMH area-under-the-curve (AUCs). Mean AMH AUC was
      15.7 ng/mL for quartile 1 versus 43.5, 80.9 and 144.9 ng/mL for quartiles 2, 3,
      and 4. Mean AMH levels (ng/mL) were 0.67, 1.71, 3.02, and 5.33, respectively.
      There was no variation in quartile 1 AMH rate of change from stochastic modeling,
      but in quartiles 2 to 4, there were increased rates of change in days 2 to 7.
      Women in quartile 1 had the lowest mean inhibin B (24.2 pg/mL vs. 44.3, 43.2, and
      42.2 pg/mL), and had shorter menstrual cycles (24.6 days) than women in quartiles
      3 and 4 (28.2 and 28.4 days). CONCLUSION(S): There were two menstrual cycle
      patterns of AMH. The "aging ovary" pattern included low AMH levels with little
      variation, lower inhibin B, and shorter cycle lengths. The "younger ovary"
      pattern included higher AMH levels with significant variation days 2 to 7,
      suggesting that for women with AMH>1 ng/mL, the interpretation of AMH levels is
      contingent upon the day of the menstrual cycle on which the specimen is obtained.

PMID- 19969293
TI  - A new FOXL2 gene mutation in a woman with premature ovarian failure and sporadic
      blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe a new FOXL2 gene mutation in a woman with sporadic
      blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) and hypergonadotropic
      hypogonadism. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University medical center.
      PATIENT(S): A 28-year-old woman. INTERVENTION(S): Clinical evaluation, hormone
      assays, gene mutation research. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): FOXL2 gene mutation.
      RESULT(S): The patient with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was diagnosed with
      BPES due to a new FOXL2 gene mutation. CONCLUSION(S): Blepharophimosis-ptosis
      epicanthus inversus syndrome is a rare disorder associated with premature ovarian
      failure (POF). The syndrome is an autosomal dominant trait that causes eyelid
      malformations and POF in affected women. Mutations in FOXL2 gene, located in
      chromosome 3, are related to the development of BPES with POF (BPES type I) or
      without POF (BPES type II). This report demonstrates a previously undescribed de
      novo mutation in the FOXL2 gene-a thymidine deletion, c.627delT (g.864delT)-in a
      woman with a sporadic case of BPES and POF. This mutation leads to truncated
      protein production that is related to a BPES type I phenotype. This report shows
      the importance of family history and genetic analysis in the evaluation of
      patients with POF and corroborates the relationship between mutations on the
      FOXL2 gene and ovarian insufficiency.

PMID- 19969292
TI  - Laparoscopic conservative surgery for stage IV symptomatic endometriosis: short
      term surgical complications.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study severe endometriosis as a cause of pelvic pain, which
      represents one of the most challenging disorders in gynecology. DESIGN:
      Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): A total of 1,363
      women with severe endometriosis (revised American Society for Reproductive
      Medicine [rASRM] stage IV). INTERVENTIONS: A detailed survey of all patients with
      severe endometriosis (rASRM stage IV) who underwent laparoscopy at our center
      between January 2004 and December 2007 was carried out. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):
      Clinical and surgical data were retrieved and assessed according to the extent of
      surgery performed. Intraoperative, ultra-short, and short-term clinical
      complications were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 1,201 women underwent
      laparoscopic radical surgery with excision of all visible endometriotic lesions,
      with a significant improvement of symptoms at 1-month follow-up evaluation. The
      overall intraoperative complication rate was 2.0%. The morbidity was
      significantly increased when bowel surgery was performed, with a risk of
      intraoperative complications that was threefold higher. Of the patients who had
      bowel surgery, 18 (4.1%) required reintervention within the first week after
      surgery. CONCLUSION(S): We report on the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic
      eradication of all visible implants in cases of rASRM stage IV endometriosis when
      surgery is performed in a referral center.

PMID- 19969294
TI  - Uterus-like mass in the left broad ligament misdiagnosed as a malformation of the
      uterus: a case report of a rare condition and review of the literature.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare extrauterine mass of an unknown origin that was
      composed of smooth muscle with a central cavity lined by endometrium, which
      resembled a uterus. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Academic teaching hospital.
      PATIENT(S): A 17-year-old girl with severe dysmenorrhea was found to have a
      uterus-like mass composed of smooth muscle and lined by endometrium in the left
      broad ligament. INTERVENTION(S): Abdominal surgery. RESULT(S): The mass was
      successfully removed surgically, and her dysmenorrhea resolved. Histopathological
      examination revealed that the uterus-like mass was composed of smooth muscle with
      a cavity lined by endometrial glands and stroma. CONCLUSION(S): The histogenesis
      of a uterus-like mass is theorized to be a Mullerian system anomaly, metaplastic
      change, and/or heterotopia. We believe metaplasia is the most likely cause in
      this case. Alhough rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      dysmenorrhea of uncertain etiology.

PMID- 19969295
TI  - Unfavorable lipid profile in women with endometriosis.
AB  - Similar to dyslipidemia, the oxidative stress and intrinsic inflammatory status
      may be associated with the development of endometriosis. Thus, we performed a
      cross-sectional study and found that women with endometriosis had an increased
      low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
      levels compared with controls presumably without endometriosis.

PMID- 19969296
TI  - Racial diversity in uterine leiomyoma clinical studies.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine racial diversity in clinical studies on uterine leiomyomas
      included in a review of evidence-based practice because of the disproportionate
      burden of fibroids in Black women. DESIGN: Review of 106 studies cited in the
      Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on uterine leiomyomas.
      SETTING: Academic medical centers. PATIENT(S): None. INTERVENTION(S): Estimation
      of the racial diversity of enrollment in studies on leiomyomas that did not
      report racial composition by two hypothetical models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):
      Representation of Black women in studies from the AHRQ report. RESULT(S): Of the
      106 analyzed studies, 81 studies did not report patients' race or ethnicity.
      Twenty-two of the 25 studies with reported race or ethnicity included Black
      participants. Analysis of studies reporting race and ethnicity, including studies
      specifically of African-American women, suggests that Black women comprise
      approximately half of all study participants. However, when estimating the
      proportion of Black women based on population demographics in each country, the
      representation of Black women in clinical leiomyoma studies appears to be closer
      to 15%. CONCLUSION(S): Most studies on uterine leiomyomas cited in the AHRQ
      evidence-based report did not report participation by race or ethnicity.

PMID- 19969297
TI  - Cranial muscle markers: a preliminary examination of size, sex, and age effects.
AB  - Most muscle marker research consists of post-cranial analyses, but some
      researchers examine crania to reconstruct activities. Regardless of bones
      examined, anthropologists know of some of the complexities surrounding muscle
      marker development. Here, posterior cranial muscle markers are analyzed to
      determine whether they are useful in reconstructing activities by examining
      effects that may hinder reconstructions. Additionally, upper limb muscle markers
      and humeral cross-sectional robusticity variables are correlated with cranial
      muscle markers to determine if robust individuals are generally robust due to the
      synergistic effects of muscle use. Cranial muscle markers of 65 prehistoric
      California Amerinds are scored using a five-point observer rating scale. Body
      mass is calculated from femoral head size; maximum cranial length and breadth are
      measured with a spreading caliper; and age and sex are determined through
      standard procedures. Upper limb muscle markers are scored on seven sites using
      two dimensions within a seven-point scale. Cross-sectional properties are
      calculated from biplanar humeral radiographs. Aggregates are created for cranial
      muscle markers, upper limb muscle markers, and cross-sectional robusticity.
      Cranial muscle markers correlate significantly with cranial length, r=0.25 and
      cross-sectional robusticity of humerus, r=0.29; P's<0.05. All variables differed
      between sexes (Mann-Whitney=31.00-307.50, P's<0.01). Results imply that some
      differences in cranial muscle markers are related to size; however, individuals
      with well-developed cranial muscle markers have greater upper limb robusticity
      possibly due to activity patterns. Sex differences remained after size controls
      and may relate to activity differences.

PMID- 19969298
TI  - Use of Chinese herbal medicine among menopausal women in Taiwan.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the patterns of use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used by
      women in Taiwan to treat menopausal symptoms. METHODS: A retrospective review of
      the records of women who received CHM therapies for menopausal symptoms at the
      Traditional Medicine Center, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, between January
      2003 and December 2006. The average number of therapies per prescription, dosage,
      and duration of the prescription were recorded. The most commonly prescribed
      herbs and formulae were also recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive
      statistics. RESULTS: The records of 3432 women who were administered a total of
      19370 CHMs to treat symptoms of the menopause were reviewed. The average number
      of drugs per prescription was 5.64. Most of the prescriptions (97.1%) were
      prescribed to be taken 3 times a day. The most commonly prescribed Chinese herb
      was Leonurus heterophyllus. Jia-Wey-Shiau-Yau-San was the most commonly
      prescribed Chinese herbal formula. CONCLUSION: CHM is commonly used in Taiwan for
      the treatment of menopausal symptoms. The efficacy and safety of CHM drugs used
      for the management of menopausal symptoms require further study.

PMID- 19969299
TI  - Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for total hysterectomy.

PMID- 19969300
TI  - Coronary artery calcium and cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
AB  - Measurement of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) by electron beam tomography
      has been shown to a powerful predictor of coronary heart disease events in
      asymptomatic non-diabetic subjects. In type 2 diabetes, measurement of CACS was
      found to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events which could enhance
      prediction provided by established risk models. 23% of type 2 diabetic subjects
      with low CACS were found to be at low risk for cardiovascular events. Moreover
      mortality was similar for type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with
      undetectable coronary artery calcification. Conversely type 2 diabetic subjects
      with high CACS were identified who were at high cardiovascular risk. Thus not all
      those with type 2 diabetes are at similar cardiovascular risk. Measurement of
      CACS enables cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes to be stratified so that the
      level of preventive therapy could be reduced in some and intensified in others.
      Although prospective data for the power of CACS to predict CHD events in type 1
      diabetes are lacking, measurement of CACS could help in deciding on preventive
      therapy in type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 19969301
TI  - Development of a sample preparation procedure of sewage sludge samples for the
      determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on selective pressurized
      liquid extraction.
AB  - An automated, simple and sensitive method based on selective pressurized liquid
      extraction (SPLE) was developed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons in sewage sludge samples. The new sample preparation procedure
      consists of on-line clean-up by inclusion of sorbents in the extraction cell, and
      combines elevated temperatures and pressures with liquid solvents to achieve fast
      and efficient removal of target analytes from complex sewage sludge matrices. The
      effects of various operational parameters (e.g. sample pretreatment, extraction
      solvent, temperature, pressure, static time, etc.) on the performance of SPLE
      procedure were carefully investigated, obtaining the best results when SPLE
      conditions were fixed at 140 degrees C, 1500 psi, static time of 5 min and n
      hexane as extraction solvent. A new programmed temperature vaporization-gas
      chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method based on large volume injection
      (PTV-LVI-GC-MS/MS) was also developed and analytical determinations were
      performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence
      detection and GC-MS/MS. The extraction yields for the different compounds
      obtained by SPLE ranged from 84.8% to 106.6%. Quantification limits obtained for
      all of these studied compounds (between 0.0001 and 0.005 microg g(-1), dry mass)
      were well below the regulatory limits for all compounds considered. To test the
      accuracy of the SPLE technique, the optimized methodology was applied to the
      analysis of a certified reference material (sewage sludge (BCR088)) and a
      reference material (sewage sludge (RTC-CNS312-04)), with excellent results.

PMID- 19969302
TI  - Application of perfluorinated acids as ion-pairing reagents for reversed-phase
      chromatography and retention-hydrophobicity relationships studies of selected
      beta-blockers.
AB  - The addition of the homologous series of perfluorinated acids-trifluoroacetic
      acid (TFAA), pentafluoropropionic acid (PFPA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) to
      mobile phases for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)
      of beta-blockers was tested. Acidic modifiers were responsible for acidification
      of mobile phase (pH 3) ensuring the protonation of the beta-blockers and further
      ion pairs creation. The effect of the type and concentration of mobile phase
      additives on retention parameters, the efficiency of the peaks, their symmetry
      and separation selectivity of the beta-blockers mixture were all studied. It
      appeared that at increasing acid concentration, the retention factor, for all
      compounds investigated, increased to varying degrees. It should be stressed that
      the presence of acids more significantly affected the retention of the most
      hydrophobic beta-blockers. Differences in hydrophobicity of drugs can be
      maximized through variation of the hydrophobicity of additives. Thus, the
      relative increase in the retention depends on either concentration and
      hydrophobicity of the anionic mobile phase additive or hydrophobicity of
      analytes. According to QSRR (quantitative structure retention relationship)
      methodology, chromatographic lipophilicity parameters: isocratic log k and log
      k(w) values (extrapolated retention to pure water) were correlated with the
      molecular (log P(o/w)) and apparent (log P(app)) octanol-water partition
      coefficients obtained experimentally by countercurrent chromatography (CCC) or
      predicted by Pallas software. The obtained, satisfactory retention-hydrophobicity
      correlations indicate that, in the case of the basic drugs examined in RP-HPLC
      systems modified with perfluorinated acids, the retention is mainly governed by
      their hydrophobicity.

PMID- 19969303
TI  - Marked enhancement of photocatalytic activity and photochemical stability of N
      doped TiO2 nanocrystals by Fe3+/Fe2+ surface modification.
AB  - N-doped TiO(2) (N-TiO(2)) nanocrystals with anatase and rutile mixed phases were
      prepared by partial oxidation of TiN. The samples were further modified by Fe
      ions through incipient wetness impregnation method. The as-prepared samples were
      characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, Raman, EPR, UV-vis DRS, and PL in detail. The
      results indicated that Fe mainly existed as Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) ions on the catalyst
      surface. The addition of small amounts of Fe-ions to N-TiO(2) nanocrystals caused
      several times enhancement of the photocatalytic activity under visible, UV and UV
      vis light irradiation in degradation of gaseous toluene. The optimized Fe-ions
      content in this investigation was 0.02 wt.%. EPR and PL clearly showed that
      Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) redox cycle facilitated electron/hole charge separation, and
      contributed to the enhanced photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the
      photochemical stability of N-TiO(2) nanocrystals under visible light was improved
      due to the stabilization of nitrogen atoms in TiO(2) lattice by surface Fe-ions
      modification. The N-doped TiO(2) nanocrystals without Fe-ions modification
      suffered from a gradual deactivation due mainly to the loss of lattice-nitrogen
      during the photocatalytic reaction. The way to modification of nonmetal-doped
      TiO(2) nanomaterials brought new concept in enhancing the photocatalytic
      performance from the viewpoint of practical application.

PMID- 19969304
TI  - Children's eyewitness memory: a comparison of two interviewing strategies as
      realized by forensic professionals.
AB  - A critical issue for developmental psychology is how to obtain accurate and
      complete eyewitness memory reports from preschoolers without offering suggestions
      that might result in false allegations. We examined effects of two interviewing
      strategies (police/verbal interviews and clinician/prop-assisted interviews) on
      young children's reports about a medical examination. A total of 58 4-year-olds
      participated in the study, which conformed to a 2 (Interview Type)x2 (Number of
      Interviews) factorial design. Analyses revealed that interviewers spent less time
      off topic and asked more free recall questions in the police/verbal interviews
      than in the clinician/prop-assisted interviews. Compared with police/verbal
      interviews, clinician/prop-assisted interviews resulted in significantly more
      correct rejections and commission errors in children's memory reports. However,
      on a final free recall test, error rates were comparable across conditions.
      Higher child verbal intelligence predicted memory accuracy in police/verbal
      interviews, and greater parental attachment anxiety predicted children being
      asked a higher number of misleading questions. The study provides new insights
      into interview techniques that promote preschoolers' accurate eyewitness reports.

PMID- 19969306
TI  - Efficacy of local instillation of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for
      restoring occluded central venous catheters in neonates.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of local instillation of tissue plasminogen
      activator (tPA) for restoring function to occluded central venous catheters
      (CVCs) in the neonatal population. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective review
      of patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during September 2000 to
      April 2006 who received instillation of tPA for occluded CVCs. RESULTS: Among 18
      infants who received tPA for occluded CVCs, gestational age at birth was 32.5
      weeks, birth weight was 1550 g, and gestational age at tPA administration was 39
      weeks, with 4 neonates < or =32 weeks' gestational age at tPA administration; age
      at tPA use was 39 days (medians reported). Ten of 18 (55%) of CVC occlusions were
      successfully opened after using tPA. No bleeding complications of tPA were noted,
      including increased or new-onset intraventricular hemorrhage, overt bleeding, or
      changes in INR or partial thromboplastin time attributed to tPA use. Three
      patients (16.5%) had bacteremia within 7 days of tPA administration, and no
      catheter ruptures occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Local instillation of tPA was successful
      in restoring function to occluded CVCs in a significant proportion of neonates,
      although success rates were lower than that reported in populations of older age.
      Despite the vulnerability of neonates to the potential complications of tPA, no
      major complications were detected even among premature infants.

PMID- 19969307
TI  - Health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with a history of
      Kawasaki disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in
      adolescents and young adults with Kawasaki disease (KD). STUDY DESIGN: We
      conducted a cross-sectional observational study. Patients were eligible for this
      study when they were > or =16 years of age and had received a diagnosis of KD >
      or =5 years before the start of this study. The patients were divided in 3 groups
      according to their coronary status: normal, aneurysms, and giant
      aneurysms/ischemia. A self-administered questionnaire (Medical Outcome Study
      Short Form 36) was mailed to the patients to evaluate the HRQOL. RESULTS: Of 624
      total questionnaires mailed, 377 were delivered, and 250 were returned. The
      response rates of the normal, aneurysm, and giant aneurysms/ischemia groups were
      33%, 62%, and 72% of all eligible patients, respectively. All subscale scoress of
      HRQOL, except vitality and role-emotional (limitations in the usual role
      activities because of emotional problems) in patients with KD were significantly
      higher than scores from the national norms. CONCLUSIONS: The HRQOL of adolescents
      and young adults with a history of KD is favorable. However, long-term follow-up
      is necessary, because the general health perceptions of older patients tended to
      be lower.

PMID- 19969305
TI  - Accounting for multiple births in neonatal and perinatal trials: systematic
      review and case study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence in the neonatal literature of statistical
      approaches accounting for the unique clustering patterns of multiple births and
      to explore the sensitivity of an actual trial to several analytic approaches to
      multiples. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of recent perinatal trials assessed
      the prevalence of studies accounting for clustering of multiples. The Nitric
      Oxide to Prevent Chronic Lung Disease (NO CLD) trial served as a case study of
      the sensitivity of the outcome to several statistical strategies. We calculated
      odds ratios using nonclustered (logistic regression) and clustered (generalized
      estimating equations, multiple outputation) analyses. RESULTS: In the systematic
      review, most studies did not describe the random assignment of twins and did not
      account for clustering. Of those studies that did, exclusion of multiples and
      generalized estimating equations were the most common strategies. The NO CLD
      study included 84 infants with a sibling enrolled in the study. Multiples were
      more likely than singletons to be white and were born to older mothers (P < .01).
      Analyses that accounted for clustering were statistically significant; analyses
      assuming independence were not. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical approach to
      multiples can influence the odds ratio and width of confidence intervals, thereby
      affecting the interpretation of a study outcome. A minority of perinatal studies
      address this issue.

PMID- 19969308
TI  - alpha Pix enhances mutant huntingtin aggregation.
AB  - Huntington's disease is caused by polyglutamine-expanded mutant huntingtin
      (muhtt), an aggregation-prone protein. We identified the Pak-interacting exchange
      factor (alpha Pix/Cool2) as a novel huntingtin (htt) interacting protein, after
      screening actin-cytoskeleton organization-related factors. Using
      immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that alpha Pix binds to both the N
      terminal of wild-type htt (wthtt) and mutant htt (muthtt). Colocalization studies
      revealed that alpha Pix accumulates in muthtt aggregates. Deletion analysis
      suggested that the dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of
      alpha Pix are required for its interaction with htt. Overexpression of alpha Pix
      enhanced muthtt aggregation by inducing SDS-soluble muthtt-muthtt interactions.
      Conversely, knocking down alpha Pix attenuated muhtt aggregation. These findings
      suggest that alpha Pix plays an important role in muthtt aggregation.

PMID- 19969309
TI  - Compulsive habits in restless legs syndrome patients under dopaminergic
      treatment.
AB  - Since the introduction of levodopa therapy and dopaminergic replacement therapy
      to abate symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, repetitive compulsive
      behaviors have been reported and are now considered to be drug-related response
      complications. As dopamine (DA) agonists are the licensed treatment in Restless
      Legs Syndrome (RLS), a survey was conducted to determine the extent to which
      patients with RLS present compulsive behaviors. The aim of this study was to
      investigate the relationship between DA agonists and the occurrence of motor or
      behavioral compulsions, stress, depression, and sleep disturbance in RLS
      patients. A questionnaire was mailed three times, at four-month intervals over a
      period of 8 months to all patients of the Quebec Memory and Motor Skills
      Disorders Clinic diagnosed with RLS. In addition to recording all medication
      information for RLS treatment, patients were assessed on the International
      Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS), the Beck Depression
      Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Sleep Scale from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) and
      on a visual analog scale for current level of stress. A section pertaining to
      hobby, mania, and compulsion was also included. Analyses are based on 97 out of
      151 patients (64.2%) with RLS who returned the three questionnaires. Twelve
      patients (12.4%) on stable DA agonist therapy (average dose 0.52+/-0.59 mg
      Pramipexole equivalent) developed a new compulsive behavioral repertoire. Eating
      (3 women, 1 man), buying food or clothes (2 women, 1 man), trichotillomania (1
      woman, 1 man), and gambling (1man) were among the compulsions developed under DA
      treatment. In addition, two women presented new tic-like phenomena. In contrast
      to the RLS patients without compulsive behaviors (53 treated with DA agonist; 32
      untreated), those with compulsive habits reported experiencing more stress,
      depression and sleep problems. Patients with RLS with mood and stress states may
      be at greater risk of developing compulsive behaviors while receiving standard
      dosage DA agonist treatment. These behaviors are clearly linked to short-term
      satisfaction and underline the role of dopaminergic mesolimbic stimulation in the
      reinforcement process of rewarding behavioral sequences.

PMID- 19969310
TI  - Prevention of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by short hairpin RNA-mediated
      caspase-3 gene silencing.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a significant problem after
      lung transplantation. Caspase-mediated apoptotic pathways play an important role
      in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, and caspase-3 is presumed to be the
      "effector" protease in the apoptotic cascade. Silencing gene expression of
      caspase-3 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) can downregulate the caspase cascade.
      Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of caspase-3 shRNA in a rat
      model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Lung ischemia-reperfusion
      injury was induced in rats by clamping the hilum of the left lung for 1 hour. In
      vivo delivery of caspase-3 shRNA was performed by intratracheal administration 48
      hours before ischemia. As controls, animals received either scrambled shRNA or
      RNase-free 5% dextrose in water solution. Real-time polymerase chain reaction,
      Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the gene silencing
      efficacy. The therapeutic effects of shRNA were evaluated by lung function
      analysis and the ratio of wet/dry weight. RESULTS: In this study, we have shown
      that ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with an increased level of lung
      caspase-3 messenger RNA. Animals treated with caspase-3 shRNA showed a
      significant downregulation in lung expression of caspase-3 at transcripts and
      protein levels. Lung function was protected by caspase-3 shRNA therapy, inasmuch
      as levels of partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide were significantly
      increased and reduced, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we have
      demonstrated the therapeutic potential of shRNA to knock down the expression of
      caspase-3 and prevent lung apoptotic injury. Our findings may have some potential
      therapeutic relevance for treating lung ischemia-reperfusion injury after
      transplantation.

PMID- 19969311
TI  - Replacement of the descending thoracic aorta: contemporary outcomes using
      hypothermic circulatory arrest.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in endovascular repair have put into question the role
      of open surgery on the descending thoracic aorta. We evaluated our experience
      with replacement of the descending thoracic aorta using hypothermic circulatory
      arrest. METHODS: From May 1989 to August 2008, 151 patients (mean age 62 +/- 15
      years) had descending thoracic aorta replacement using cardiopulmonary bypass and
      hypothermic circulatory arrest. Concurrent distal aortic arch repair was
      performed in 71 patients (47%). Seventeen patients (11%) had emergency operation.
      RESULTS: The mean durations of bypass and circulatory arrest were 107 +/- 34 and
      32 +/- 9 minutes, respectively. Stroke occurred in 5 patients (3.3%), spinal cord
      ischemic injury in 2 patients (1.3%; 1 paraplegia, 1 paraparesis), and renal
      failure requiring dialysis in 2 patients (1.3%). Thirty-day and 6-month mortality
      rates were 4.0% and 9.9%, respectively. Following emergency operation, the 30-day
      mortality rate was 17.6% compared with 2.2% after elective surgery (P = .02).
      Five- and 10-year survival rates were 71% and 45%, respectively. Five patients
      required reoperation on the graft or contiguous aorta at a mean of 5 +/- 4 years
      after the initial repair. Five- and 10-year rates of freedom from reoperation
      were 96% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary bypass with
      hypothermic circulatory arrest can be safely used for replacement of the
      descending thoracic aorta. Although more invasive than endovascular stent
      grafting, this open surgical technique provides definitive repair, maintenance of
      left subclavian artery patency, protection against spinal cord injury, and early
      mortality and morbidity rates that do not exceed those reported for endovascular
      repair.

PMID- 19969312
TI  - Midterm results of transapical aortic valve replacement via real-time magnetic
      resonance imaging guidance.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous valve replacements are presently being evaluated in
      clinical trials. As delivery of the valve is catheter based, the safety and
      efficacy of these procedures may be influenced by the imaging used. To assist the
      surgeon and improve the success of the operation, we have performed transapical
      aortic valve replacements using real-time magnetic resonance imaging guidance.
      METHODS: Twenty-eight swine underwent aortic valve replacement by real-time
      magnetic resonance imaging on the beating heart. Stentless bioprostheses mounted
      on balloon-expandable stents were used. Magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T) was
      used to identify the critical anatomic landmarks. In addition to anatomic
      confirmation of adequate placement of the prosthesis, functional assessment of
      the valve and left ventricle and perfusion were also obtained with magnetic
      resonance imaging. A series of short-term feasibility experiments were conducted
      (n = 18) in which the animals were humanely killed after valve placement and
      assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. Ten additional animals were allowed to
      survive and had follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans and confirmatory
      echocardiography at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Real-time
      magnetic resonance imaging provided superior visualization of the landmarks
      needed. The time to implantation after apical access was 74 +/- 18 seconds.
      Perfusion scanning demonstrated adequate coronary flow and functional imaging
      documented preservation of ventricular contractility in all animals after
      successful deployment. Phase contrast imaging revealed minimal intravalvular or
      paravalvular leaks. Longer term results demonstrated stability of the implants
      with preservation of myocardial perfusion and function over time. CONCLUSIONS:
      Real-time magnetic resonance imaging provides excellent visualization for
      intraoperative guidance of aortic valve replacement on the beating heart.
      Additionally, it allows assessment of tissue perfusion and organ function that is
      not obtainable by conventional imaging alone.

PMID- 19969313
TI  - Baseline left ventricular function and surgical annular stiffening to predict
      outcome and reverse left ventricular remodeling after undersized annuloplasty for
      intermediate-degree ischemic mitral regurgitation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify determinants of clinical and functional outcome
      after myocardial revascularization and associated undersized annuloplasty in
      patients with intermediate-degree ischemic mitral regurgitation. METHODS: Fifty
      seven patients with 2+ or 3+ ischemic mitral regurgitation underwent coronary
      bypass surgery and implantation of undersized semirigid or flexible complete ring
      or autologous pericardial band and were followed up to 8.6 years. RESULTS:
      Operative mortality was 5%. Baseline left ventricular end-systolic volume index,
      the strongest multivariable predictor of early postoperative outcome, was
      correlated with end-systolic volume index (P < .001, R(2) = 0.67) and ejection
      fraction (P < .001, R(2) = 0.40) after repair. More compromised ejection fraction
      and end-systolic volume index predicted comparatively greater early functional
      improvement but higher residual postoperative end-systolic volume index (P <
      .01). Cox multivariable analysis identified wall motion as the best baseline
      predictor of late death and heart failure and regional inferoposterior wall
      motion as the strongest predictor of recurrent mitral regurgitation (P < or =
      .01). More rigid annuloplasty carried a higher probability of functional recovery
      in terms of ejection fraction, wall motion, and the occurrence and earlier timing
      of left ventricular reverse remodeling, expressed by different degrees of end
      systolic volume index reduction (P < .001, hazard ratio >6). CONCLUSIONS:
      Combination of undersized mitral annuloplasty and coronary revascularization
      presents low operative mortality and determines left ventricular unloading in
      patients with intermediate-degree ischemic mitral regurgitation. Global and
      regional wall motion are powerful predictors of late outcome. Stiffer mitral
      annular repair promotes functional recovery and predicts higher probability and
      earlier timing of reverse remodeling.

PMID- 19969314
TI  - The effect of cardiac angiography timing, contrast media dose, and preoperative
      renal function on acute renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the effect of the timing of cardiac
      angiography, contrast media dose, and preoperative renal function on the
      prevalence of acute renal failure after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Data on 395
      consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting were
      prospectively collected. Creatinine clearance was estimated by the Cockcroft
      Gault equation. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the time between
      cardiac angiography and surgery (group A, < or = 1 day; group B, > 1 day and < or
      = 5 days; group C, > 5 days). Patients who underwent a salvage operation or were
      receiving dialysis before surgery were excluded. Acute renal failure was defined
      as 25% decrease from baseline of estimated creatinine clearance and estimated
      creatinine clearance of 60 mL/min or less on postoperative day 3. Owing to
      differences in preoperative characteristics between groups, propensity score
      analysis was used to adjust those differences. RESULTS: Acute renal failure
      developed in 13.6% of patients. Hospital mortality was 3.3% and was higher in
      patients in whom acute renal failure developed (22%) versus those in whom it did
      not (0.3%; P < .001). Multivariable analysis identified preoperative estimated
      creatinine clearance of 60 mL/min or less (odds ratio [OR], 7.1), operation
      within 24 hours of catheterization (OR = 3.7), use of more than 1.4 mL/kg of
      contrast media (OR = 3.4), lower hemoglobin level (OR = 1.3), older age (OR =
      1.1), and lower weight (OR = 0.95) as independent predictors of postoperative
      acute renal failure. Analysis of interaction between contrast dose and time of
      surgery revealed that high contrast dose (>1.4 mL/kg) predicted acute renal
      failure if surgery was performed up to 5 days after angiography. CONCLUSIONS:
      Whenever possible, coronary bypass grafting should be delayed for at least 5 days
      in patients who received a high contrast dose, especially if they also have
      preoperative reduced renal function.

PMID- 19969315
TI  - Quality of mitral valve repair: median sternotomy versus port-access approach.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare early and late clinical and echocardiographic
      outcomes of patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve repair by means
      of the port-access and median sternotomy approaches. METHODS: Between 2000 and
      2009, 503 patients had mitral valve repair, of whom 143 underwent surgical
      intervention for isolated posterior leaflet pathology: 61 through port access and
      82 through median sternotomy. The port-access group had better preoperative New
      York Heart Association functional class (P = .007) and a higher rate of elective
      cases (97% vs 87%, P = .037). Other preoperative characteristics were similar
      between the groups, including mitral valve pathology and repair techniques.
      RESULTS: Operative, bypass, and clamp times were significantly longer in the port
      access group. Mean hospital stay was 5.3 +/- 2.5 days in the port-access group
      versus 5.7 +/- 2.5 days in the median sternotomy group (P = .4). Early
      postoperative echocardiographic analysis showed that most patients in both groups
      had none or trivial mitral regurgitation and none of the patients had greater
      than grade 2 mitral regurgitation. Follow-up extended for up to 100 months (mean,
      34 +/- 24 months). New York Heart Association class improved in both groups (P =
      .394). Freedom from reoperation was 97% and 95% in the port-access and median
      sternotomy groups, respectively. Late echocardiographic analysis revealed that
      82% (49/60) in the port-access group and 91% (73/80) in the median sternotomy
      group were free from moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (P = .11).
      CONCLUSIONS: In isolated posterior mitral valve pathology, quality of mitral
      valve repair with the port-access approach can compare with that with the
      conventional median sternotomy approach.

PMID- 19969316
TI  - Assessing coastal benthic macrofauna community condition using best professional
      judgement--developing consensus across North America and Europe.
AB  - Benthic indices are typically developed independently by habitat, making their
      incorporation into large geographic scale assessments potentially problematic
      because of scaling inequities. A potential solution is to establish common
      scaling using expert best professional judgment (BPJ). To test if experts from
      different geographies agree on condition assessment, sixteen experts from four
      regions in USA and Europe were provided species-abundance data for twelve sites
      per region. They ranked samples from best to worst condition and classified
      samples into four condition (quality) categories. Site rankings were highly
      correlated among experts, regardless of whether they were assessing samples from
      their home region. There was also good agreement on condition category, though
      agreement was better for samples at extremes of the disturbance gradient. The
      absence of regional bias suggests that expert judgment is a viable means for
      establishing a uniform scale to calibrate indices consistently across geographic
      regions.

PMID- 19969317
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in man that neutralized H3N2 influenza viruses were
      classified into three groups with distinct strain specificity: 1968-1973, 1977
      1993 and 1997-2003.
AB  - We tried to reveal the strain specificity of neutralizing mAbs against H3N2
      influenza viruses in individuals. A large number of B lymphocytes of a
      pediatrician were collected by apheresis and two Ab libraries were constructed at
      2004 and 2007 by using the phage-display technology. The libraries were screened
      against 12 different H3 strains of flu isolated between 1968 and 2004. Large
      numbers of clones that bound to the Ags were isolated and mAbs that specifically
      bound to H3 strain viruses were selected. Their binding activity to the 12
      strains and neutralizing activity were studied by ELISA and focus reduction test,
      respectively. Furthermore, the binding activity to hemagglutinin (HA) was
      examined by Western blot. The majority of clones showing the neutralizing
      activity turned out to be anti-HA mAbs and could be divided into three major
      groups showing distinct strain specificity: 1968-1973, 1977-1993 and 1997-2003.

PMID- 19969319
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of the ORF61 and ORF60 genes of Kaposi's sarcoma
      associated herpesvirus.
AB  - The ORF61 and ORF60 genes of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
      encode the ribonucleotide reductase large and small subunits, respectively. Here
      we show that ORF50 protein, a latent-lytic switch transactivator, activates the
      transcription of these two early-lytic genes through different mechanisms.
      Activation of the ORF61 promoter by ORF50 protein is dependent on an intact RBP
      Jkappa-binding site within the identified responsive element and the expression
      of RBP-Jkappa protein in cells. The critical element in the ORF60 promoter in
      response to ORF50 was mapped to a 40-bp region. Binding of YY1, Sp1/Sp3 or
      unknown proteins to this element may contribute to repression or activation of
      the ORF60 promoter. Although ORF50 protein does not directly bind to the ORF61
      and ORF60 promoters in vitro, we show the association of ORF50 protein with these
      two promoters in vivo. Our results provide further insights into the regulatory
      network of the viral lytic genes in KSHV reactivation.

PMID- 19969318
TI  - Asymmetric Arginine dimethylation of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2
      promotes DNA targeting.
AB  - The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) growth-transforms B-lymphocytes. The virus-encoded
      nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is essential for transformation and activates gene
      expression by association with DNA-bound transcription factors such as RBPJkappa
      (CSL/CBF1). We have previously shown that EBNA2 contains symmetrically
      dimethylated Arginine (sDMA) residues. Deletion of the RG-repeat results in a
      reduced ability of the virus to immortalise B-cells. We now show that the RG
      repeat also contains asymmetrically dimethylated Arginines (aDMA) but neither non
      methylated (NMA) Arginines nor citrulline residues. We demonstrate that only aDMA
      containing EBNA2 is found in a complex with DNA-bound RBPJkappa in vitro and
      preferentially associates with the EBNA2-responsive EBV C, LMP1 and LMP2A
      promoters in vivo. Inhibition of methylation in EBV-infected cells results in
      reduced expression of the EBNA2-regulated viral gene LMP1, providing additional
      evidence that methylation is a prerequisite for DNA-binding by EBNA2 via
      association with the transcription factor RBPJkappa.

PMID- 19969321
TI  - Three novel papillomaviruses (HPV109, HPV112 and HPV114) and their presence in
      cutaneous and mucosal samples.
AB  - To expand our knowledge of the genomic diversity of human papillomaviruses
      (HPVs), we searched for new HPVs in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin (SCC)
      and seemingly HPV-negative, otherwise typically HPV-associated lesions. We
      describe the characterization of three novel HPV types. HPV109 was isolated from
      an SCC, HPV112 from a condyloma and HPV114 from a low-grade cervical lesion.
      Pairwise alignment of the L1 sequences classified HPV114 to genus alpha species
      3, whereas HPV112 defined a new species in the genus gamma. HPV109 had uncertain
      classification because of a low and about equal similarity in the L1 gene
      (between 60% and 65%) to different genera. Type-specific real-time PCRs of
      cervical samples, a majority from women with low grade atypical cytology,
      (n=2856) and various cutaneous samples (n=538), found HPV114 in 1.7% (48/2856) of
      the genital samples, whereas both HPV109 and 112 were rare viruses found at high
      viral loads only in their index samples.

PMID- 19969320
TI  - Human parainfluenza virus type 2 V protein inhibits interferon production and
      signaling and is required for replication in non-human primates.
AB  - In wild-type human parainfluenza virus type 2 (WT HPIV2), one gene (the P/V gene)
      encodes both the polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P) and the accessory V
      protein. We generated a HPIV2 virus (rHPIV2-V(ko)) in which the P/V gene encodes
      only the P protein to examine the role of V in replication in vivo and as a
      potential live attenuated virus vaccine. Preventing expression of V protein
      severely impaired virus recovery from cDNA and growth in vitro, particularly in
      IFN-competent cells. rHPIV2-V(ko), unlike WT HPIV2, strongly induced IFN-beta and
      permitted IFN signaling, leading to establishment of a robust antiviral state.
      rHPIV2-V(ko) infection induced extensive syncytia and cytopathicity that was due
      to both apoptosis and necrosis. Replication of rHPIV2-V(ko) was highly restricted
      in the respiratory tract of African green monkeys and in differentiated primary
      human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, suggesting that V protein is essential
      for efficient replication of HPIV2 in organized epithelial cells and that rHPIV2
      V(ko) is over-attenuated for use as a live attenuated vaccine.

PMID- 19969322
TI  - Real-time PCR detection of adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and torque teno viruses
      in river water in Japan.
AB  - The prevalence of DNA viruses in water from the Tamagawa River, Japan was
      quantitatively surveyed for 6months, from April to September 2003. A total of 18
      river water samples were subjected to virus concentration method using an
      electronegative membrane, followed by DNA extraction and direct quantitative real
      time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for DNA viruses. Adenoviruses of serotypes
      40 and 41 were detected most frequently in the river water samples tested
      (61.1%), at a concentration ranging from 3.16x10(3) to 1.38x10(5) copies/l,
      followed by JC polyomaviruses (11.1%) and torque teno viruses (5.6%). No sample
      was positive for BK polyomaviruses. In addition, for selective detection of virus
      particles, adenoviruses 40 and 41 were tested with qPCR combined with an
      immunomagnetic separation technique; they were detected in only 16.7% of the
      samples, showing a concentration ranging from 7.42x10(2) to 4.24x10(4) copies/l.
      This study is significant since it is the first study to demonstrate the
      prevalence of polyomaviruses in water samples in Japan and to use immunomagnetic
      separation qPCR to detect adenovirus particles in aquatic environments.

PMID- 19969323
TI  - Comparison of batch sorption tests, pilot studies, and modeling for estimating
      GAC bed life.
AB  - Saint Paul Regional Water Services (SPRWS) in Saint Paul, MN experiences annual
      taste and odor episodes during the warm summer months. These episodes are
      attributed primarily to geosmin that is produced by cyanobacteria growing in the
      chain of lakes used to convey and store the source water pumped from the
      Mississippi River. Batch experiments, pilot-scale experiments, and model
      simulations were performed to determine the geosmin removal performance and bed
      life of a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter-sorber. Using batch adsorption
      isotherm parameters, the estimated bed life for the GAC filter-sorber ranged from
      920 to 1241 days when challenged with a constant concentration of 100 ng/L of
      geosmin. The estimated bed life obtained using the AdDesignS model and the actual
      pilot-plant loading history was 594 days. Based on the pilot-scale GAC column
      data, the actual bed life (>714 days) was much longer than the simulated values
      because bed life was extended by biological degradation of geosmin. The
      continuous feeding of high concentrations of geosmin (100-400 ng/L) in the pilot
      scale experiments enriched for a robust geosmin-degrading culture that was
      sustained when the geosmin feed was turned off for 40 days. It is unclear,
      however, whether a geosmin-degrading culture can be established in a full-scale
      filter that experiences taste and odor episodes for only 1 or 2 months per year.
      The results of this research indicate that care must be exercised in the design
      and interpretation of pilot-scale experiments and model simulations for
      predicting taste and odor removal in full-scale GAC filter-sorbers. Adsorption
      and the potential for biological degradation must be considered to estimate GAC
      bed life for the conditions of intermittent geosmin loading typically experienced
      by full-scale systems.

PMID- 19969324
TI  - Understanding toxicity as processes in time.
AB  - Studies in ecotoxicology usually focus on a single end point (typically
      mortality, growth, or reproduction) at a standardized exposure time. The exposure
      time is chosen irrespective of the properties of the chemical under scrutiny, but
      should depend on the organism of choice in combination with the compound(s) of
      interest. This paper discusses the typical patterns for toxic effects in time
      that can be observed for the most encountered endpoints growth reproduction and
      survival. Ignoring the fact that toxicity is a process in time can lead to severe
      bias in environmental risk assessment. We show that especially EC(x) values for
      sublethal endpoints can show very distinct patterns in time. We recommend that
      the test duration for survival as an endpoint should be extended till the
      incipient LC(50) is observed. Given the fact that toxicity data for single
      compounds show clear patterns in time, it is to be expected that effects of
      mixtures will also be strongly dependent on time. The few examples that have been
      published support this statement.

PMID- 19969326
TI  - Expression of the sodium/iodide symporter in human prostate adenocarcinoma.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze expression of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) in tissue
      specimen from a large series of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. Few data
      are available on the NIS expression in prostate tumor tissues. METHODS: NIS
      protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 78 tumor tissue
      specimen and their non-neoplastic counterparts. Total ribonucleic acid was
      extracted for semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
      analysis of NIS transcript. The relationship between NIS expression and Gleason
      score, prostate-specific antigen levels and stage was also investigated. RESULTS:
      NIS protein was expressed in 41 of 78 prostate cancer (52.4%) and was located
      predominantly intracellularly, whereas immunoreactivity was missing in nontumor
      hyperplastic prostatic tissue. Absence of expression was mainly because of
      reduced or lost gene transcription, as detected by reverse transcription
      polymerase chain reaction. A statistically significant relationship was detected
      between presence of NIS expression and some markers of aggressiveness including
      stage > or =pT2a (P = .007) and Gleason score > or =8 (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS:
      Our data demonstrate the presence of NIS transcript and protein in about half of
      prostate cancer tissues and its relationship with clinical markers of
      aggressiveness. Thus, it may potentially serve as a biomarker for defining
      individuals with biologically active prostate cancer.

PMID- 19969325
TI  - The involvement of heat-shock proteins in the pathogenesis of autoimmune
      arthritis: a critical appraisal.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To review the literature on the role of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in
      the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis in animal models and patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The published literature in Medline (PubMed),
      including our published work on the cell-mediated as well as humoral immune
      response to various HSPs, was reviewed. Studies in the preclinical animal models
      of arthritis as well as RA were examined critically and the data are presented.
      RESULTS: In experimental arthritis, disease induction by different arthritogenic
      stimuli, including an adjuvant, led to immune response to mycobacterial HSP65
      (BHSP65). However, attempts to induce arthritis by a purified HSP have not met
      with success. There are several reports of a significant immune response to HSP65
      in RA patients. However, the issue of cause and effect is difficult to address.
      Nevertheless, several studies in animal models and a couple of clinical trials in
      RA patients have shown the beneficial effect of HSPs against autoimmune
      arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear association between immune response to
      HSPs, particularly HSP65, and the initiation and propagation of autoimmune
      arthritis in experimental models. The correlation is relatively less convincing
      in RA patients. In both cases, the ability of HSPs to modulate arthritis offers
      support, albeit an indirect one, for the involvement of these antigens in the
      disease process.

PMID- 19969327
TI  - Outpatient prostatectomy: too much too soon or just what the patient ordered.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of performing a robot-assisted radical
      prostatectomy (RARP) as an outpatient procedure while maintaining patient
      satisfaction and safety. Herein we report our experience, selection criteria, and
      discharge criteria for outpatient RARP. METHODS: We performed a prospective study
      with 11 patients undergoing extraperitoneal RARP. These patients were counseled
      before the procedure that they would go home the same evening of the procedure.
      The patients were then surveyed by a third party shortly after they returned
      home, using the Patient Judgement System-24, a previously validated instrument
      for patient satisfaction. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, and outcomes were
      collected for analysis. RESULTS: All patients were successfully discharged the
      same day of surgery. Mean patient age was 62.2 years with a mean body mass index
      of 26 kg/m(2). Mean operative time was 117.6 minutes, console time was 76.7
      minutes, and estimated blood loss was 168.2 mL. Mean indwelling catheter time was
      7.5 days. No complications occurred in this series of patients. Satisfaction was
      unanimously high in all patients surveyed, with most scores over 90% on the
      Patient Judgement System-24. No patient reported any ill effects from the
      shortened stay or felt rushed to leave the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The early
      experience with extraperitoneal RARP as a same day surgery is promising.
      Preoperative patient counseling and selection is paramount. Patient satisfaction
      is not adversely affected by the shortened stay. Surgeon experience, assessment
      of intraoperative findings, and adequate postoperative assessment are essential.

PMID- 19969328
TI  - Single center comparison of anastomotic strictures after radical perineal and
      radical retropubic prostatectomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To analyze the incidence and management of anastomotic strictures
      (ASs) after radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) and retropubic prostatectomy
      (RRP) and to identify possible predisposing factors. METHODS: Between 1997 and
      2007, we performed 866 RPP and 2052 RRP for localized prostate cancer. Median
      follow-up was 52 months (12-136). We analyzed preoperative serum prostate
      specific antigen, prostate size, clinical and pathologic tumor stage, neoadjuvant
      hormone deprivation, previous transurethral resection of the prostate,
      transfusion requirement, anastomotic insufficiency, and acute urinary retention
      (AUR) and its subsequent management to identify possible predisposing factors for
      AS formation. RESULTS: The rate of AS after RPP and RRP was 3.8% (33/863) and
      5.5% (113/2048), respectively (P = .067). In multivariate analysis, RRP was a
      statistically significant risk factor for AS (P = .0002). On survival analysis,
      the incidence of AS was lower for RPP as compared with RRP at median follow-up (P
      = .0229). Primary response to endoscopic AS incision or resection was 94% (31/33)
      and 72.6% (82/113) after RPP and RRP, respectively. On multivariate logistic
      regression analysis biopsy Gleason score, previous transurethral resection of the
      prostate, prostate volume, pathologic tumor stage and grade, transfusion
      requirement, AUR, and surgical technique were independent risk factors for the
      development of AS. An AS developed in 45.4% (20/44) and 10.9% (5/46) of the
      postoperative AUR cases treated with a suprapubic cystostomy tube and a
      transurethral Foley catheter, respectively (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: ASs occur more
      frequently after RRP in comparison with RPP. Primary endoscopic AS incision or
      resection are both highly successful. Treating postoperative AUR with a
      suprapubic cystostomy poses a high risk for AS formation and should be avoided.

PMID- 19969329
TI  - The role of actinin-4 in bladder cancer invasion.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine actinin-4 expression levels in bladder cancer, in
      particular its levels during cellular growth and invasion. Actinin-4 is an actin
      binding protein that is associated with cell motility and cancer metastasis.
      METHODS: Relative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of
      actinin-4 in normal bladder and bladder cancer cell lines was determined by
      quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.
      Actinin-4 expression was also localized in bladder cancer cells and tissues using
      immunohistochemistry. The growth and invasion activity of bladder cancer cells
      was evaluated using cell growth and in vitro cell invasion assays, and compared
      with that of bladder cancer cells treated with actinin-4 small interfering
      ribonucleic acids. RESULTS: Actinin-4 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in
      bladder cancer cells that are known to exhibit increased growth and invasion
      activity. Protein expression was predominantly observed in the cytoplasm of the
      invasive bladder cancer cells and tissues. Treatment of bladder cancer cell lines
      with actinin-4 small interfering ribonucleic acids suppressed the invasive
      potential of the cells, but did not alter their growth. CONCLUSIONS: The current
      study demonstrates that actinin-4 mRNA and protein levels are elevated in bladder
      cancer cells lines that exhibit increased growth and invasion activity. In
      addition, actinin-4 knockdown inhibited invasion of bladder cancer cells, but did
      not alter their growth. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the accumulation of
      actinin-4 in the cell cytoplasm is related to an increased susceptibility of
      tumor invasion and metastasis.

PMID- 19969330
TI  - Bilateral pelvicalyceal duplication with contralateral drainage.
AB  - We report on a peculiar congenital duplication anomaly of the kidney and
      collecting system. A bifid left renal pelvis receives the ureter draining the
      lower moiety of a fully duplicated right system. To our knowledge, such an
      anomaly has not been previously described.

PMID- 19969331
TI  - Uterus-, fallopian tube-, ovary-, and vagina-sparing cystectomy followed by U
      shaped ileal neobladder construction for female bladder cancer patients:
      oncological and functional outcomes.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate oncological outcomes and voiding functions after
      orthotopic neobladder reconstruction with preservation of gynecologic organs in
      female bladder cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 30 consecutive female
      patients who underwent radical cystectomy and U-shaped ileal neobladder
      (constructed using 40 cm of a double-folded ileal loop) substitution were
      retrospectively analyzed. Of the 30 patients, 29 had urothelial carcinoma and 1
      had leiomyosarcoma. Computed tomography was performed every 6 months.
      Urethroscopic examination was performed at 3-month intervals during the first and
      second years, and at 6-month intervals thereafter. Pressure flow studies,
      including urethral pressure profilometry, were performed 3, 6, 9, and 12 months
      after surgery. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 35.7 months, 1 patient
      exhibited local recurrence and 6 patients died of bladder cancer. Maximum
      neobladder pressure examined 12 months after surgery improved significantly as
      compared with that examined after 3 months (P<.01). Maximal urethral closure
      pressure also improved significantly 12 months after surgery as compared with
      that after 3 months (P<.05). The capacity of the ileal neobladder 3 months after
      operation was 204+/-84 mL, and it showed a gradual increase, reaching 311+/-95 mL
      at 12 months (P<.01). None of the patients required catheterization for residual
      urine. Twenty-four patients (80%) remained completely dry day and night, voiding
      once or twice during the night. CONCLUSIONS: Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction
      with preservation of gynecologic organs is feasible for female bladder cancer
      patients. Although the follow-up period was not long, the present technique
      provided acceptable oncological outcome and voiding function.

PMID- 19969332
TI  - Myoblasts differentiated from adipose-derived stem cells to treat stress urinary
      incontinence.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the application of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)
      technology in the treatment of stress incontinence. METHODS: The vaginal balloon
      dilatation method was used to establish an animal model of stress incontinence
      (in 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats), which was further examined by urodynamics and
      histology. Endogenous rat ADSCs were collected and induced into myoblasts with 5
      Aza induction technology in vitro. The identity of myoblasts was confirmed
      through immunofluorescence labeling with desmin and myosin. Induced cells were
      injected into the posterior urethral muscularis in the bladder neck of animals
      with stress incontinence. The effects were examined after 1 and 3 months by
      urodynamics and histology. Untreated ADSCs were also implanted as a method of
      control. RESULTS: Both maximal bladder capacity and leak point pressure
      significantly increased after 1 and 3 months postimplantation, compared with the
      control (P <.05). Increased thickness of inferior muscularis in urethral mucosa
      and a greater number of large longitudinal muscle bundles were observed.
      Increased numbers of myoblasts appeared under the mucosa, as demonstrated by the
      immunochemistry analysis of alpha-smooth actin. CONCLUSIONS: ADSCs have the
      ability of differentiating into multiple lineages, including myoblasts. This
      ability to induce myoblasts can be used to treat stress incontinence, with the
      advantages of minimal invasion and faster recovery.

PMID- 19969333
TI  - Characterization of the effects of various drugs likely to affect smooth muscle
      tension on isolated human seminal vesicle tissue.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of different classes of drugs on the
      isometric tension of isolated human seminal vesicle (SV) tissue. The
      contractility of human SV contributes to the process of seminal emission during
      ejaculation. Different endogenous compounds, such as serotonin (5-HT), adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), and nitric oxide, have been suggested to be involved in the
      control of contraction and relaxation of human SV smooth muscle. However, only
      limited data are available regarding the effects of compounds known to affect
      smooth musculature on SV contractile activity. METHODS: Using the organ bath
      technique, the effects of increasing concentrations (10 nm-1 microm/10 microm) of
      norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine, endothelin 1, ATP, and 5-HT on human SV
      tissue at basal tension were studied. In another set-up, SV strip preparations
      were preincubated with prazosin (alpha-adrenergic blocker), nifedipine and
      verapamil (Ca(2+)-channel blockers), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate [inositol 1,4,5
      trisphosphate (IP(3)) antagonist], cromakalim (K(+)-channel opener), or Y-27632
      (ROK inhibitor) (1 microm each, for 10 minutes), followed by the application of
      NE (0.1 microM, 1 microM, and 10 microm). RESULTS: SV smooth muscle was most
      effectively contracted by NE (mean = 75% of calibrated scale), phenylephrine
      (mean = 82% of calibrated scale), and endothelin 1 (mean = 70% calibrated scale),
      whereas only minor responses to ATP (mean = 10.65% calibrated scale) and 5-HT
      (mean = 6.3% calibrated scale) were observed. The contraction induced by NE was
      significantly inhibited after pre-exposure of the tissue to prazosin (-92.4%),
      cromakalim (-83.7%), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (-43.1%), Y-27632 (-42.8%), and
      nifedipine (-32.7%). CONCLUSIONS: alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism, activation of
      potassium channels, and inhibition of Rho-kinase decrease the sympathetic
      contraction of SV smooth muscle. This might be of significance with regard to the
      identification of new pharmacologic avenues to affect the male ejaculatory
      system.

PMID- 19969334
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis using
      Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - Malignant mesothelioma (MM) of the tunica vaginalis is a rare aggressive tumor
      with a high predilection for metastatic spread. Because there is no preoperative
      diagnostic modality available, it has high recurrence and mortality rates, which
      emphasizes the importance of early preoperative diagnosis for proper and adequate
      treatment. We describe a case of MM of the tunica vaginalis in a 73-year-old man
      who presented with hydrocele and was preoperatively diagnosed with MM using
      Doppler in addition to scrotal ultrasound. He underwent early radical orchiectomy
      through an inguinal approach, resulting in improved survival.

PMID- 19969335
TI  - Recent time trends in the epidemiology of stage IV prostate cancer in the United
      States: analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
      Program.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe recent epidemiologic trends in stage IV prostate cancer.
      Although advances in screening and diagnostic techniques have led to earlier
      detection of prostate cancer, a portion of patients still present with late-stage
      disease. METHODS: Population-based cancer registry data from the Surveillance,
      Epidemiology, and End Results Program (cases from 1988 to 2003, follow-up through
      2005) were used to calculate annual age-adjusted incidence rates of stage IV
      prostate cancer (overall and for the subset presenting with distant metastases)
      and to assess time trends in patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and
      survival. RESULTS: From 1988 to 2003, the age-adjusted incidence of stage IV
      prostate cancer significantly declined by 6.4% each year. The proportion of men
      diagnosed at younger ages, with poorly differentiated tumors, or who underwent a
      radical prostatectomy significantly increased over time. Five-year relative
      survival improved across the study period (from 41.6% to 62.3%), particularly in
      those diagnosed at younger ages or with moderately to well-differentiated tumors.
      Later years of diagnosis were independently associated with a decreased risk of
      death (from all causes and from prostate cancer specifically) after controlling
      for important patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Tumor grade and
      receipt of radical prostatectomy appeared to be the strongest independent
      prognostic indicators. Temporal trends were similar in the subset presenting with
      distant metastases, except that no significant improvement in survival was
      observed. CONCLUSIONS: As younger men may expect to live longer with advanced
      prostate cancer, there remains a need to widen the range of therapeutic and
      supportive care options.

PMID- 19969336
TI  - Prevalence of testicular size discrepancy in infertile men with and without
      varicoceles.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To compare the frequency of testicular size discrepancy between
      infertile men with and without varicoceles. METHODS: The records of adult
      patients presenting for male infertility evaluations were examined. The
      testicular volumes and presence or absence of varicocele and varicocele grade
      were recorded. Testicular size discrepancy was defined as a testicular size
      difference of at least 4 mL. RESULTS: Of the 3927 men presenting for male
      infertility evaluation, 3202 met the inclusion criteria of the study. A total of
      705 patients (22%) had testicular size discrepancy and 1105 presented with a
      varicocele (34%). Testicular size discrepancy was found to be more common in
      patients with any varicocele than in patients with no varicocele (32% vs 17%; P
      <.001). In addition, testicular size discrepancy with a smaller left testicle was
      more common in patients with a left varicocele than in patients with no
      varicocele (30% vs 13%; P <.001). In patients with a left varicocele, testicular
      size discrepancy, if present, demonstrated a smaller testicle on the ipsilateral
      side 89% of the time and on the contralateral side 11% of the time. In contrast,
      with a right-sided varicocele, if testicular size discrepancy was present, the
      smaller testicle was located only on the left side. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular size
      discrepancy is approximately 2 times more common in infertile men with
      varicoceles than in men without varicoceles. Testicular size discrepancy with a
      smaller left testicle is more common than size discrepancy with a smaller right
      testicle, regardless of the side of the varicocele.

PMID- 19969337
TI  - Appendix to: "PCR detection rates of high risk human papillomavirus DNA in paired
      self-collected urine and cervical scrapes after laser CO(2) conization for high
      grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia".

PMID- 19969338
TI  - Cord blood cytokines are modulated by maternal farming activities and consumption
      of farm dairy products during pregnancy: the PASTURE Study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Traditional farming represents a unique model situation to
      investigate the relationship of early-life farm-related exposure and allergy
      protection. OBJECTIVES: To investigate associations between maternal farm
      exposures and cytokine production in cord blood (CB) mononuclear cells in a
      prospective multinational birth cohort of 299 farm and 326 nonfarm children and
      their families. METHODS: Supernatants from phorbol 12-myristate 13
      acetate/ionomycin-stimulated CB mononuclear cells were assessed for the
      production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-12. RESULTS:
      Significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in farm compared with
      nonfarm children were found, whereas IL-5, IL-10, and IL-12 levels did not differ
      between study groups. Maternal contact with different farm animal species and
      barns and consumption of farm-produced butter during pregnancy enhanced the
      production of proinflammatory CB cytokines, whereas maternal consumption of farm
      produced yogurt resulted in significant lower levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha
      in umbilical blood. CONCLUSION: Maternal exposure to farming activities and farm
      dairy products during pregnancy modulated cytokine production patterns of
      offspring at birth.

PMID- 19969339
TI  - Effects of budesonide and formoterol on allergen-induced airway responses,
      inflammation, and airway remodeling in asthma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Combining inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting beta(2)-agonists
      results in improved asthma symptom control and fewer asthma exacerbations
      compared with those seen after inhaled corticosteroids alone. However, there are
      limited data as to whether these beneficial effects are due to enhanced anti
      inflammatory actions or whether such combination therapies affect airway
      remodeling in patients with asthma. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects
      of inhaled budesonide/formoterol combination therapy versus inhaled budesonide
      alone or inhaled placebo on allergen-induced airway responses, airway
      inflammation, and airway remodeling. METHODS: Fourteen asthmatic subjects with
      dual responses after allergen inhalation were included in this prospective,
      randomized, double-blind, 3-period crossover study. Outcomes included early and
      late asthmatic responses, changes in airway responsiveness, sputum eosinophilia
      measured before and after allergen challenge, numbers of airway submucosal
      myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle area measured before and after study treatment.
      RESULTS: Allergen-induced sputum eosinophilia was significantly reduced by
      combination treatment to a greater extent than by budesonide alone. Allergen
      inhalation resulted in a significant increase in submucosal tissue myofibroblast
      numbers and produced a significant decrease in percentage smooth muscle area.
      Combination therapy, but not budesonide monotherapy, significantly attenuated
      these changes in myofibroblast numbers and smooth muscle area. CONCLUSIONS: The
      effects on allergen-induced changes in sputum eosinophils, airway myofibroblast
      numbers, and smooth muscle seen with combination therapy suggest that the
      benefits associated with this treatment might relate to effects on airway
      inflammation and remodeling. The attenuation of early asthmatic responses and
      airway hyperresponsiveness by combination treatment was likely due to the known
      functional antagonistic effect of formoterol.

PMID- 19969340
TI  - Doppler evaluation of maternal and fetal vessels during normal gestation in
      rabbits.
AB  - The aim of this work was to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in the utero
      placental arterial vessels in rabbits (Orictolagus cuniculus) throughout
      pregnancy as well as those in the umbilical cord, aorta, and caudal vena cava of
      fetuses to establish their normal reference ranges for systolic peak velocity
      (SPV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index
      (RI). The blood flow waveforms were monitored every 4 d in 10 rabbits from Day 10
      of pregnancy onward by means of color and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography
      using a 5.5-7.5 MHz microconvex transabdominal probe. The utero-placental blood
      flow was characterized by steep increases and decrease in the SPV with a slow
      diastolic wave and relatively high EDV, whereas that of the umbilical artery was
      discontinuous until Day 22 of pregnancy, when a diastolic waveform was also
      detectable. From Day 10 to 22 of pregnancy, the fetal aorta blood flow was
      discontinuous, but thereafter a diastolic peak was measurable. The blood flow of
      the fetal caudal vena cava was characterized by a systolic peak followed by a
      small diastolic peak. Throughout the gestation, the SPV and the EDV of maternal
      and fetal vessels increased (alpha<0.05), whereas the PI and the RI decreased
      (alpha<0.05), except for the utero-placental vessels. This work confirms that the
      rabbit could also be a valid experimental animal model to study, by Doppler
      ultrasonography, functional hemodynamic changes of the fetuses and placenta
      vessels in both normal and pathophysiologic conditions.

PMID- 19969341
TI  - Effect of tidal overwash on the embryonic development of leatherback turtles in
      French Guiana.
AB  - In marine turtles, the physical conditions experienced by eggs during incubation
      affect embryonic development. In the leatherback, hatching success is known to be
      low in relation to other marine turtles as a result of high embryonic mortality.
      Moreover, the hatching success on Yalimapo in French Guiana, one major nesting
      beach for this species, is lower compared to other nesting sites. We assessed the
      rate of leatherback turtle embryonic mortality in order to investigate the
      tolerance of leatherback turtle clutches laid on Yalimapo beach to tidal
      overwash, and we highlight causes of poor hatching success. Of the 89 nests
      studied, 27 were overlapped by tide at least once during the incubation period
      (of which five nests were lost by erosion). The hatching success was on average
      significantly lower in overwashed nests than in non-overwashed, highlighting the
      existence of embryonic developmental arrest linked to tidal inundation. The
      stages of developmental arrest and their proportion are linked with time,
      frequency and level of overwash events. In the context of global warming and
      associated sea-level rise, understanding the detrimental effect of tidal
      inundation on the development of marine turtle nests is of interest in nesting
      sites where turtles are likely to be forced to nest closer to the tide line, thus
      exposing their nests to greater risk of nest overlap with sea and tidal
      inundation.

PMID- 19969342
TI  - Size-dependent elastic/inelastic behavior of enamel over millimeter and nanometer
      length scales.
AB  - The microstructure of enamel like most biological tissues has a hierarchical
      structure which determines their mechanical behavior. However, current studies of
      the mechanical behavior of enamel lack a systematic investigation of these
      hierarchical length scales. In this study, we performed macroscopic uni-axial
      compression tests and the spherical indentation with different indenter radii to
      probe enamel's elastic/inelastic transition over four hierarchical length scales,
      namely: 'bulk enamel' (mm), 'multiple-rod' (10's microm), 'intra-rod' (100's nm
      with multiple crystallites) and finally 'single-crystallite' (10's nm with an
      area of approximately one hydroxyapatite crystallite). The enamel's
      elastic/inelastic transitions were observed at 0.4-17 GPa depending on the length
      scale and were compared with the values of synthetic hydroxyapatite crystallites.
      The elastic limit of a material is important as it provides insights into the
      deformability of the material before fracture. At the smallest investigated
      length scale (contact radius approximately 20 nm), elastic limit is followed by
      plastic deformation. At the largest investigated length scale (contact size
      approximately 2 mm), only elastic then micro-crack induced response was observed.
      A map of elastic/inelastic regions of enamel from millimeter to nanometer length
      scale is presented. Possible underlying mechanisms are also discussed.

PMID- 19969343
TI  - Bioceramics of calcium orthophosphates.
AB  - A strong interest in use of ceramics for biomedical applications appeared in the
      late 1960's. Used initially as alternatives to metals in order to increase a
      biocompatibility of implants, bioceramics have become a diverse class of
      biomaterials, presently including three basic types: relatively bioinert
      ceramics, bioactive (or surface reactive) and bioresorbable ones. Furthermore,
      any type of bioceramics could be porous to provide tissue ingrowth. This review
      is devoted to bioceramics prepared from calcium orthophosphates, which belong to
      the categories of bioresorbable and bioactive compounds. During the past 30-40
      years, there have been a number of major advances in this field. Namely, after
      the initial work on development of bioceramics that was tolerated in the
      physiological environment, emphasis was shifted towards the use of bioceramics
      that interacted with bones by forming a direct chemical bond. By the structural
      and compositional control, it became possible to choose whether the bioceramics
      of calcium orthophosphates was biologically stable once incorporated within the
      skeletal structure or whether it was resorbed over time. At the turn of the
      millennium, a new concept of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics, which is able to
      regenerate bone tissues, has been developed. Current biomedical applications of
      calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include replacements for hips, knees, teeth,
      tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial
      reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and
      bone fillers after tumor surgery. Potential future applications of calcium
      orthophosphate bioceramics will include drug-delivery systems, as well as they
      will become effective carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and/or
      various types of cells for tissue engineering purposes.

PMID- 19969344
TI  - Sustained release of ganciclovir and foscarnet from biodegradable scleral plugs
      for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis.
AB  - The purpose of this report was to develop solvent-free biodegradable scleral
      plugs for simultaneous ganciclovir and foscarnet delivery for cytomegalovirus
      retinitis treatment. To fabricate a biodegradable plug, polylactide-polyglycolide
      copolymers were pre-mixed with the drugs. The mixture was then compression molded
      and sintered to form a compact scleral plug. The drug release features were
      monitored with HPLC assay both in vitro and in vivo. Both drugs showed a biphasic
      release curvature with an initial burst and followed by a second sustained
      release phase and maintained at therapeutic level for 3-4 weeks. As compared to
      ganciclovir, foscarnet was released faster in initial phase, but later, showed
      extended retention in vitreous humor. For biocompatibility analysis, dark-adapted
      flash electroretinography was performed, and the a-wave and b-wave amplitudes
      were statistically equal before and after the scleral plug implantation. Finally,
      serial microstructure changes of releasing scleral plugs were evaluated with
      scanning electron microscope. The scleral plug surface showed progressive
      transformation from granular solid surface to smoothen and cavitated appearance.

PMID- 19969345
TI  - The potential for bio-optical imaging of biomaterial-associated infection in
      vivo.
AB  - This review presents the current state of Bioluminescence and Fluorescent Imaging
      technologies (BLI and FLI) as applied to Biomaterial-Associated Infections (BAI).
      BLI offers the opportunity to observe the in vivo course of BAI in small animals
      without the need to sacrifice animals at different time points after the onset of
      infection. BLI is highly dependent on the bacterial cell metabolism which makes
      BLI a strong reporter of viable bacterial presence. Fluorescent sources are
      generally more stable than bioluminescent ones and specifically targeted, which
      renders the combination of BLI and FLI a promising tool for imaging BAI. The
      sensitivity and spatial resolution of both imaging tools are, however, dependent
      on the imaging system used and the tissue characteristics, which makes the
      interpretation of images, in terms of the location and shape of the illuminating
      source, difficult. Tomographic reconstruction of the luminescent source is
      possible in the most modern instruments, enabling exact localization of a
      colonized implant material, spreading of infecting organisms in surrounding
      tissue and immunological tissue reactions. BLI studies on BAI have successfully
      distinguished between different biomaterials with respect to the development and
      clearance of BAI in vivo, simultaneously reducing animal use and experimental
      variation. It is anticipated that bio-optical imaging will become an
      indispensable technology for the in vivo evaluation of antimicrobial coatings.

PMID- 19969346
TI  - Incorporation of double-walled microspheres into polymer nerve guides for the
      sustained delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a biodegradable polymer nerve guide that
      locally delivers bioactive neurotrophic factors in physiologically relevant
      concentrations for the period required by transected peripheral nerves to cross
      from the proximal to distal nerve stump. Delivery of a neurotrophic factor may
      enhance nerve regeneration and could potentially be used to overcome the current
      limitations in nerve repair across large defects. Glial Cell Line-Derived
      Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) is a known promoter of axonal elongation and branching
      and has shown promising pre-clinical results in analysis of nerve regeneration
      with nerve guides. In addition, GDNF has been shown to promote Schwann cell
      proliferation and migration. In this study we have created a double-walled
      microsphere delivery system for bioactive GDNF with a sustained release
      profile>50 days in vitro. Microspheres were incorporated within degradable
      poly(caprolactone) nerve guides in a reproducible distribution. Implantation of
      nerve guides across a 1.5 cm defect in a rat sciatic nerve gap resulted in an
      increase in tissue integration in both the proximal and distal segments of the
      lumen of the nerve guide after 6 weeks. In addition, transverse sections of the
      distal region of the explanted guides showed the presence of Schwann cells while
      none were detectable in negative control guides. Migration of Schwann cells to
      double-walled microspheres indicated that bioactive GDNF was encapsulated and
      delivered to the internal environment of the nerve guide. Because GDNF increased
      tissue formation within the nerve guide lumen and also promoted the migration and
      proliferation of Schwann cells, the nerve guides presented within this study show
      promise toward the development of an off-the-shelf product alternative that
      promotes nerve regeneration beyond that capable with currently available nerve
      guides.

PMID- 19969347
TI  - A specific tumor-targeting magnetofluorescent nanoprobe for dual-modality
      molecular imaging.
AB  - Poly(acrylic acid) was decorated onto Fe(3)O(4) resulting in a highly water
      soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide. The Poly(acrylic acid) iron oxide (PAAIO)
      complexes possess specific magnetic properties in the presence of an external
      magnetic field and are attractive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI). The free carboxylic groups of PAAIO exposed on the surface allow for
      covalent attachment of a fluorescent dye, Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) to form PAAIO
      Rh123, which permits applications in fluorescence imaging. PAAIO-Rh123 is
      therefore a dual-modality molecular probe. In order to endow specific properties
      to compounds that target cancer cells and to prevent recognition by the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES), folic acid-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (FA
      PEG) was further conjugated onto PAAIO-Rh123. The amounts of Rh123 and FA-PEG on
      the modified iron oxides were quantitatively determined by elemental analysis.
      The iron content was determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission
      spectrometer (ICP-OES). The particle diameters were characterized by dynamic
      light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).
      Superparamagnetism was confirmed by the superconducting quantum interference
      device (SQUID) magnetometer. The cellular internalization efficacy of the
      modified iron oxides was realized in folate-overexpressed FR(+) and folate
      deficient FR(-) KB cells by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy
      (CLSM). The quantitative amount of iron internalized into different harvested KB
      cells was measured by ICP-OES. The T(2)-weighted MR images were tested in FR(+)
      KB cells.

PMID- 19969348
TI  - Simulation of angiogenesis and cell differentiation in a CaP scaffold subjected
      to compressive strains using a lattice modeling approach.
AB  - Mechanical stimuli are one of the factors that influence tissue differentiation.
      In the development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, mechanical
      stimuli and formation of a vascular network that transport oxygen to cells within
      the pores of the scaffolds are essential. Angiogenesis and cell differentiation
      have been simulated in scaffolds of regular porosity; however, the dynamics of
      differentiation can be different when the porosity is not uniform. The objective
      of this study was to investigate the effect of the mechanical stimuli and the
      capillary network formation on cell differentiation within a scaffold of
      irregular morphology. A porous scaffold of calcium phosphate based glass was
      used. The pores and the solid phase were discretized using micro computed
      tomography images. Cell activity was simulated within the interconnected pore
      domain of the scaffold using a lattice modeling approach. Compressive strains of
      0.5 and 1% of total deformation were applied and two cases of mesenchymal stem
      cells initialization (in vitro seeding and in vivo) were simulated. Similar
      capillary networks were formed independently of the cell initialization mode and
      the magnitude of the mechanical strain applied. Most of vessels grew in the pores
      at the periphery of the scaffolds and were blocked by the walls of the scaffold.
      When 0.5% of strain was applied, 70% of the pore volume was affected by mechano
      regulatory stimuli corresponding to bone formation; however, because of the lack
      of oxygen, only 40% of the volume was filled with osteoblasts. 40% of volume was
      filled with chondrocytes and 3% with fibroblasts. When the mechanical strain was
      increased to 1%, 11% of the pore volume was filled with osteoblasts, 59% with
      chondrocytes, and 8% with fibroblasts. This study has shown the dynamics of the
      correlation between mechanical load, angiogenesis and tissue differentiation
      within a scaffold with irregular morphology.

PMID- 19969349
TI  - Cross-linked open-pore elastic hydrogels based on tropoelastin, elastin and high
      pressure CO2.
AB  - In this study the effect of high pressure CO(2) on the synthesis and
      characteristics of elastin-based hybrid hydrogels was investigated.
      Tropoelastin/alpha-elastin hybrid hydrogels were fabricated by chemically cross
      linking tropoelastin/alpha-elastin solutions with glutaraldehyde at high pressure
      CO(2). Dense gas CO(2) had a significant impact on the characteristics of the
      fabricated hydrogels including porosity, swelling ratio, compressive properties,
      and modulus of elasticity. Compared to fabrication at atmospheric pressure high
      pressure CO(2) based construction eliminated the skin-like formation on the top
      surfaces of hydrogels and generated larger pores with an average pore size of 78
      +/- 17 microm. The swelling ratios of composite hydrogels fabricated at high
      pressure CO(2) were lower than the gels produced at atmospheric pressure as a
      result of a higher degree of cross-linking. Dense gas CO(2) substantially
      increased the mechanical properties of fabricated hydrogels. The compressive and
      tensile modulus of 50/50 weight ratio tropoelastin/alpha-elastin composite
      hydrogels were enhanced 2 and 2.5 fold, respectively, when the pressure was
      increased from 1 to 60 bar. In vitro studies show that the presence of large
      pores throughout the hydrogel matrix fabricated at high pressure CO(2) enabled
      the migration of human skin fibroblast cells 300 microm into the construct.

PMID- 19969350
TI  - Distribution, expression and functional effects of small conductance Ca-activated
      potassium (SK) channels in rat myometrium.
AB  - Calcium-activated potassium channels are important in a variety of smooth
      muscles, contributing to excitability and contractility. In the myometrium
      previous work has focussed on the large conductance channels (BK), and the role
      of small conductance channels (SK) has received scant attention, despite the
      finding that over-expression of an SK channel isoform (SK3) results in uterine
      dysfunction and delayed parturition. This study therefore characterises the
      expression of the three SK channel isoforms (SK1-3) in rat myometrium throughout
      pregnancy and investigates their effect on cytosolic [Ca] and force and compares
      this with that of BK channels. Consistent expression of all SK isoform
      transcripts and clear immunostaining of SK1-3 was found. Inhibition of SK1-3
      channels (apamin, scyllatoxin) significantly inhibited outward current, caused
      membrane depolarisation and elicited action potentials in previously quiescent
      cells. Apamin or scyllatoxin increased the amplitude of [Ca] and force in
      spontaneously contracting myometrial strips throughout gestation. The functional
      effect of SK inhibition was larger than that of BK channel inhibition. Thus we
      show for the first time that SK1-3 channels are expressed and translated
      throughout pregnancy and contribute to outward current, regulate membrane
      potential and hence Ca signals in pregnant rat myometrium. They contribute more
      to quiescence that BK channels.

PMID- 19969352
TI  - Procambarus clarkii as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution sources in the
      lower Ebro River and Delta.
AB  - In the Ebro River basin, point and diffuse pollution of heavy metals stems mainly
      from industry and agriculture. Bioaccumulation patterns were examined under
      different pollution sources (point and diffuse) using levels of heavy metals (As,
      Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) in abdominal muscle tissue of Procambarus clarkii. P.
      clarkii captured under point source effects presented the highest concentrations
      of Hg, Pb and As; and were related with distance to the source of industrial
      waste sediments. Mean Hg levels in crayfish exposed to point sources of metals
      significantly exceeded legal allowed values established by the European Union
      legislation. In the Ebro Delta, high levels of As, Cr, Cu and Zn were associated
      with traditional agriculture activity (diffuse pollution) as well. These results
      demonstrate the potential of P. clarkii to bioaccumulate heavy metals from both
      point and diffuse sources and hence potentially transfer these metals to higher
      trophic levels.

PMID- 19969351
TI  - Relationships between multidrug resistance (MDR) and stem cell markers in human
      chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines.
AB  - The K562 cell line (chronic myeloid leukemia), sensitive to chemotherapy (non
      MDR), and the Lucena cell line, resistant to chemotherapy (MDR) were
      investigated. The results suggest that both cell lines possess CD34+CD38-
      profiles of hematopoietic stem cell markers. The promoter regions of ABCB1, ABCG2
      and ABCC1 genes contain binding sites for the Oct-4 transcripton factor, which is
      also considered a marker of tumor stem cells. Lucena cells showed an over
      expression of the ABCB1 gene and a high expression of the Oct-4, ABCG2 and ABCC1
      genes as compared to K562 cells.

PMID- 19969353
TI  - Mycoplasma synoviae cell invasion: elucidation of the Mycoplasma pathogenesis in
      chicken.
AB  - Fluorochrome-labelled cells of two field isolates and Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms)
      were inoculated onto monolayer cultures of fluorochrome-labelled HEp-2 cells and
      monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ms was detected initially
      adhered to and subsequently inside the host cells. Between 24 and 48 h of
      infection, Ms was detected in the perinuclear region, and after 72 h of infection
      was confirmed by gentamicin invasion assay. High and low passage Ms strains
      showed no differences in adherence or invasion. The morphology and the actin
      filaments of the infected HEp-2 cells were preserved throughout the study period.
      The observed invasion by Ms is consistent with the biology of Mollicutes, and
      could explain the difficulties in recovering field isolates of the mycoplasma and
      in controlling the infection in birds even after long-term antibiotic treatment.

PMID- 19969354
TI  - Acute toxicity of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in male Sprague
      Dawley rats: effects on hepatic oxidative stress, glutathione and metals status.
AB  - Although polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) production, and new uses for PCBs, was
      halted in the 1970s in the United States, PCBs continue to be used in closed
      systems and persist in the environment, accumulating in fatty tissues. PCBs are
      efficacious inducers of drug metabolism and may increase oxidative events and
      alter many other biochemical and morphologic parameters within cells and tissues.
      The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a single, very low
      dose of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl), a coplanar, dioxin-like PCB
      congener and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, on redox status, metals
      homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes, and cellular morphology. To examine these
      parameters, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified AIN-93 basal diet
      containing 0.2 ppm selenium for two weeks, then administered a single i.p.
      injection of corn oil (5 ml/kg body weight) or 1umol PCB 126/kg body weight
      (326ug/kg body weight) in corn oil. Rats were maintained on the diet for an
      additional two weeks before being euthanized. This dose of PCB 126 did not alter
      feed intake or growth, but significantly increased liver weight (42%) and hepatic
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP1A) enzyme activities (10-40-fold increase).
      Hepatic zinc, selenium, and glutathione levels were significantly decreased 15%,
      30%, and 20%, respectively, by PCB 126. These changes were accompanied by a 60%
      decrease in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. In contrast,
      hepatic copper levels were increased 40% by PCB 126. PCB 126-induced pathology
      was characterized by hepatocellular hypertrophy and mild steatosis in the liver
      and a mild decrease in cortical T-cells in the thymus. This controlled study in
      rats fed a purified diet shows that even a single, very low dose of PCB 126 that
      did not alter feed intake or growth, significantly perturbed redox and metals
      homeostasis and antioxidant and enzyme levels in rodent liver.

PMID- 19969355
TI  - Evaluation of the virtual mentor cataract training program.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive cognitive computer
      simulation for teaching the hydrodissection portion of cataract surgery compared
      with standard teaching and to assess the attitudes of residents about the
      teaching tools and their perceived confidence in the knowledge gained after using
      the tools. DESIGN: Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Residents at
      academic institutions. METHODS: Prospective, multicenter, single-masked,
      controlled trial was performed in 7 academic departments of ophthalmology
      (Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Iowa,
      Emory University, University of Cincinnati, University of Pennsylvania/Scheie Eye
      Institute, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University/Wills Eye
      Institute, and the Aravind Eye Institute). All residents from these centers were
      asked to participate and were randomized into 2 groups. Group A (n = 30) served
      as the control and received traditional teaching materials; group B (n = 38)
      received a digital video disc of the Virtual Mentor program. This program is an
      interactive cognitive simulation, specifically designed to separate cognitive
      aspects (such as decision making and error recognition) from the motor aspects.
      Both groups took online anonymous pretests (n = 68) and posttests (n = 58), and
      answered satisfaction questionnaires (n = 53). Wilcoxon tests were completed to
      compare pretest and posttest scores between groups. Analysis of variance was
      performed to assess differences in mean scores between groups. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Scores on pretests, posttests, and satisfaction questionnaires.
      RESULTS: There was no difference in the pretest scores between the 2 groups (P =
      0.62). However, group B (Virtual Mentor [VM]) scored significantly higher on the
      posttest (P = 0.01). Mean difference between pretest and posttest scores were
      significantly better in the VM group than in the traditional learning group (P =
      0.04). Questionnaire revealed that the VM program was "more fun" to use (24.1% vs
      4.2%) and residents were more likely to use this type of program again compared
      with the likelihood of using the traditional tools (58.6% vs 4.2%). CONCLUSIONS:
      The VM, a cognitive computer simulation, augmented teaching of the
      hydrodissection step of phacoemulsification surgery compared with traditional
      teaching alone. The program was more enjoyable and more likely to be used
      repetitively by ophthalmology residents.

PMID- 19969356
TI  - Novel mutations of the OPA1 gene in Chinese dominant optic atrophy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate OPA1 gene mutations in Chinese patients with autosomal
      dominant optic atrophy and sporadic optic atrophy. DESIGN: Molecular genetic
      studies and observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four patients from 10
      unrelated Chinese pedigrees of autosomal-dominant optic atrophy, 35 isolated
      cases with bilateral optic atrophy of unknown cause, and 50 unrelated normal
      controls. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes.
      All 28 coding exons of the OPA1 gene and flanking intron splice sites were
      sequenced. Putative mutations were reexamined for segregation in the respective
      families by direct sequencing. Further characterization of selected splicing site
      mutations was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
      of each patient's leukocyte mRNA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Direct sequencing of the
      OPA1 gene. RESULTS: Four OPA1 gene mutations were detected, including 2 splicing
      site mutations (c.1065+2T>C on intron 10 and c.1212+2insT on intron 12), 1
      deletion (c.1776_1778delACT on exon 19), and 1 missense mutation (c.2846 T>C on
      exon 28). The c.1212+2insT, c.1776_1778delACT, and c.2846T>C mutations were newly
      identified OPA1 mutations. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and direct sequencing
      revealed that the splicing site mutations on c.1065+2T>C and c.1212+2insT caused
      skipping of exons 10 and 12, respectively. The c.1776_1778delACT mutation led to
      a deletion of the Leu amino acid on residue 593. OPA1 mutations were found in 4
      of 10 familial cases (40 %) and in 1 of 35 sporadic cases of optic atrophy.
      CONCLUSIONS: OPA1 gene mutations are causative in Chinese autosomal-dominant
      optic atrophy and sporadic optic atrophy. Screening for OPA1 gene mutations in
      patients with childhood onset optic atrophy who have no affected relatives is
      useful in making the diagnosis.

PMID- 19969357
TI  - Chronic kidney disease and intraocular pressure: the Singapore Malay Eye Study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with
      intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma in Malay adults in Singapore. DESIGN:
      Population-based, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: We included 3280 (78.8%
      response rate) Malay adults aged 40 to 79 years living in Singapore. METHODS:
      Participants underwent a standardized interview, ocular examination, imaging, and
      laboratory investigations. Goldmann applanation tonometry was used to measure
      IOP. Glaucoma was diagnosed using the International Society of Geographic and
      Epidemiological Ophthalmology classification. Non-fasting serum glucose,
      glycosylated hemoglobin, and creatinine were obtained from all participants.
      Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and microalbuminuria were also
      determined. We defined CKD as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) or presence of
      micro/macroalbuminuria, defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio > or =17
      mg/g for men and > or =25 mg/g for women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed CKD,
      IOP, and glaucoma. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CKD was 27.92% and glaucoma
      4.5%. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) IOP was 15.41 (3.7) mmHg. After
      adjustments for age and gender, IOP was significantly higher in participants with
      CKD compared with those without CKD (15.8 vs 15.3 mmHg; P<0.0001). The IOP was
      also higher with lower levels of eGFR (P<0.001). These associations remained
      significant in separate stratified analyses of persons with and without diabetes,
      glaucoma, or both. In multiple linear regression models, persons with CKD had on
      average IOP that was 0.305 mmHg higher than that of persons without CKD. No
      association between CKD and glaucoma (age and gender adjusted odds ratio [OR],
      0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.20; and multivariate adjusted OR,
      0.87; 95% CI, 0.58-1.29) was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our population-based study in
      Malay adults showed that CKD is associated with higher IOP, independent of age,
      diabetes, and glaucoma status.

PMID- 19969358
TI  - Spectrum of CD30+ lymphoid proliferations in the eyelid lymphomatoid papulosis,
      cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report the clinicopathologic features of 3 patients with CD30(+)
      lymphoid proliferations of the eyelid. DESIGN: Retrospective case series.
      PARTICIPANTS: Patients with cutaneous CD30(+) lymphoproliferative lesions of the
      eyelid. METHODS: Three patients with CD30(+) non-mycosis fungoides T-cell
      lymphoid infiltrates of the eyelid were identified. The histories, clinical
      findings, pathologic features including immunohistochemical staining, treatments,
      and outcomes were reviewed and compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathologic
      findings including immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: The patients included
      an 81-year-old man, an 18-year-old man, and a 42-year-old woman with CD30(+)
      lymphoid proliferations of the eyelid and adjacent soft tissue. The first patient
      had an isolated crateriform eyelid lesion that was classified as lymphomatoid
      papulosis (LyP). The second patient had an isolated multinodular lesion of the
      eyelid that was classified as cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (cALCL).
      The third patient presented with eyelid edema with an underlying mass and was
      found to have widely disseminated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
      Diagnoses were dependent on clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS: The CD30(+) lymphoid
      proliferations represent a spectrum of conditions ranging from indolent LyP, to
      moderately aggressive cALCL, to highly aggressive ALCL. Interpretation of the
      pathologic findings in CD30(+) lymphoid proliferations is based in part on
      clinical findings. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The authors have no proprietary or
      commercial interest in any material discussed in this article.

PMID- 19969359
TI  - Giant choroidal nevus clinical features and natural course in 322 cases.
AB  - PURPOSE: Evaluation of clinical features and natural course of giant choroidal
      nevi (diameter >or=10 mm). DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series.
      PARTICIPANTS: We included 322 eyes of 322 patients. METHODS: Clinic-based study
      of tumor features, tumor outcome, and vision outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis was
      used to assess time to transformation into melanoma. Cox proportional hazards
      regressions evaluated clinical factors predictive of nevus transformation into
      melanoma and nevus-related decreased vision (defined as <20/20 and unrelated to
      other eye pathology). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Transformation of giant choroidal
      nevus into melanoma and nevus-related decreased vision. RESULTS: A medical record
      review of 4100 patients diagnosed with choroidal nevus identified 322 (8%) giant
      choroidal nevi. Median nevus basal diameter was 11 mm (range, 10-24). Median
      thickness was 1.9 mm (range, 0-4.4). Related retinal findings included drusen
      overlying nevus (n = 261 [81%]), subretinal fluid (n = 26 [8%]), orange pigment
      (n = 4 [1%]), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) detachment (n = 6 [2%]),
      hyperplasia (n = 48 [15%]), fibrous metaplasia (n = 48 [15%]), atrophy (n = 63
      [20%]), or trough (n = 6 [2%]). Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated transformation
      into melanoma in 13% at 5 years and 18% at 10 years. Multivariate analyses
      revealed factors predictive of transformation into melanoma including involvement
      or close proximity to the foveola (P = 0.017) and acoustic hollowness (P =
      0.052). Nevus-related decreased vision was found in 2.2% of eyes at initial visit
      and 3.7% at final visit (median 41 and mean 61 months follow-up). Factors
      associated with nevus-related decreased vision at initial visit included
      subretinal fluid (P = 0.001), involvement or close proximity to foveola (P =
      0.005), RPE detachment (P = 0.033), and nevus-related choroidal neovascular
      membrane (P = 0.044). Factors predictive of nevus-related decreased vision at
      final visit included involvement or close proximity to the foveola (P = 0.001)
      and presence of symptoms at the initial visit (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Giant
      choroidal nevi can clinically resemble choroidal melanoma but show features of
      chronicity, such as overlying drusen and RPE alterations. Over time, 18%
      transformed into melanoma, underscoring the importance of life-long surveillance.

PMID- 19969360
TI  - Modified deep lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of advanced-stage
      keratoconus with steep curvature.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the clinical efficacy of modified deep lamellar
      keratoplasty for the treatment of advanced-stage keratoconus with steep
      curvature. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS:
      Fifty-nine keratoconus patients with a curvature of more than 60 diopters (D) in
      65 eyes were studied. All affected eyes were in the advanced stage with typical
      clinical characteristics, and 31 of the eyes had midstromal scars in the central
      cornea. METHODS: All patients were treated with modified deep lamellar
      keratoplasty. Briefly, four-fifths thickness of the corneal lamellae was cut
      using a Hessburg-Barron vacuum trephine (with a diameter of 7.75 mm). The incisal
      edge of the cornea was drawn using toothed forceps, and the lamellae were cut
      with a diamond knife along the stromal fibers. At the top of the cone, 2 mm (in
      diameter) of Descemet's membrane was left. A corneal graft (8.0 mm in diameter)
      was sutured to the recipient using a gradual pressure technique to decrease the
      occurrence of folds in the central cornea. Complications during and after the
      surgery were recorded. The transparency of the graft, eye vision, and cornea
      curvature were monitored during follow-ups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical
      effect and visual acuity after modified deep lamellar keratoplasty in patients
      with keratoconus. RESULTS: No corneal perforation occurred during the operations.
      Nine patients had mild liquid accumulation underneath the graft, but it
      disappeared 1 to 2 days after the surgery. The corneal graft attached to the
      patient's eye well, and there was no obvious fold in the center. The average best
      corrected visual acuity was 20/32 between 3 months and 1 year after surgery and
      reached 20/25 at 1 year after the operation. There was no detectable corneal
      graft rejection during the follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS: This modified deep lamellar
      keratoplasty procedure for the treatment of keratoconus in patients with advanced
      stage disease and steep curvature seems to provide similar efficacy to
      penetrating keratoplasty and may decrease the risk of immune rejection when
      compared with historical outcomes.

PMID- 19969361
TI  - Correlation of disc morphology quantified on stereophotographs to results by
      Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II, GDx variable corneal compensation, and visual
      field tests.
AB  - PURPOSE: Quantification of disc morphology by computer-assisted planimetry on
      stereophotographs and to compare the results with those by other fundus structure
      imaging devices and visual field tests. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
      PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen normal eyes of 15 normal subjects and 69 glaucomatous eyes
      of 69 open-angle glaucoma patients. METHODS: Sequential digital stereophotographs
      of the optic discs were obtained by a nonmydriatic fundus camera. Intraobserver
      reproducibility for the 3 repeated traces and interobserver reproducibility for
      the three individual examiners were determined. The obtained results were
      correlated to those by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) II, GDx with variable
      corneal compensation (VCC) and visual field tests obtained within 2 months of the
      photography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Optic disc parameters such as disc area, cup
      area, rim/disc area ratio, vertical cup diameter/disc diameter (Cd/Dd) ratio and
      rim width/disc diameter (Rw/Dd) ratio at radial arbitrary angles. Interclass
      correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variance (CV) for the optic
      disc parameters and their correlation with HRT II, GDx VCC, and visual field test
      results. RESULTS: Intra- and interobserver ICC and CV were 0.88 to 0.99, 1.1% to
      9.6%, and 0.72 to 0.98, 2.2% to 11.9% for area parameters, 0.81 to 0.92, 2.4% to
      4.0% and 0.71 to 0.78, 4.3% to 5.0% for Cd/Dd ratio, and 0.73 to 0.91, 9.2% to
      23.0% and 0.65 to 0.82, 16.9% to 27.2% for Rw/Dd ratios, respectively.
      Significant correlation was seen between disc and cup area and the corresponding
      parameters by HRT II (r(s) > 0.81; P<0.001), as well as between vertical Cd/Dd
      ratio and global TSNIT average by GDx VCC and visual field test indices (|r(s)| >
      0.51; P<0.001), and between superior and inferior Rw/Dd ratio and their
      corresponding sectoral HRT II, GDx VCC and visual field test indices (r(s) >
      0.31; P<0.006), respectively. Correlation with visual field test indices was
      comparable among stereophotographs, HRT II, and GDx VCC parameters. CONCLUSIONS:
      Optic disc morphologic parameters quantified on stereophotographs by our software
      showed satisfactory reproducibility and good correlation with those measured by
      other fundus structure imaging devices and visual field test results, indicating
      its clinical usefulness, especially in the mass screening of glaucoma.

PMID- 19969362
TI  - Corneal thickness and endothelial cell characteristics in patients with myotonic
      dystrophy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of the endothelial cells of patients with
      myotonic dystrophy and those of normal subjects to determine if thicker corneas
      in patients with myotonic dystrophy are the result of their having abnormal
      endothelial cells leading to corneal edema. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative case
      series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two eyes of patients with myotonic dystrophy and 52
      eyes of normal age- and gender-matched subjects. METHODS: Central corneal
      thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell counts and shape were measured with an SP
      3000P specular microscope (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) in patients with myotonic
      dystrophy and were compared with those of age- and gender-matched healthy
      subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Central corneal thickness, endothelial cell
      counts, pleomorphism, and coefficient of variation (CoV). RESULTS: In patients
      with myotonic dystrophy, the mean+/-standard deviation CCT measurement was 533+/
      38 microm; the mean+/-standard deviation cell count was 2601+/-365 cell/mm(2);
      and the mean+/-standard deviation CoV was 23.3+/-4.4 (P<0.001). The mean+/
      standard deviation pleomorphism was 64.4+/-8.4%. In healthy subjects, the mean+/
      standard deviation CCT measurement was 514+/-27 microm (P = 0.002); the mean+/
      standard deviation cell count was 2649+/-363 cell/mm(2) (P = 0.48); the mean+/
      standard deviation CoV was 27.6+/-5.5 (P<0.001); and the mean+/-standard
      deviation pleomorphism was 61.1+/-8.6% (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Thicker corneas
      found in patients with myotonic dystrophy are not related to endothelial number
      or appearance as assessed in this study.

PMID- 19969363
TI  - Dynamic study of the medial and lateral recti capsulopalpebral fasciae using cine
      mode magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the dynamic features of the medial rectus capsulopalpebral
      fascia (mrCPF) and the lateral rectus CPF (lrCPF) during horizontal eye movements
      using cine mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN: Observational case
      series. PARTICIPANTS: Ten patients (9 males and 1 female; age range, 8-75 years;
      mean age, 41.1 years) diagnosed with a unilateral orbital blowout fracture
      (medial wall, floor, or both) and having a normal contralateral orbit. METHODS:
      Cine mode MRI was used to examine the role of the mrCPF and the lrCPF in relation
      to the eyelid and horizontal recti muscles during horizontal eye movements. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: To assess the dynamic features of the mrCPF and the lrCPF.
      RESULTS: In medial gaze, the medial part of the eyelid moves posteromedially, in
      synchronicity with medial rectus muscle contraction, mediated by the mrCPF. The
      lateral part of the eyelid moves anteromedially, in synchronicity with lateral
      rectus muscle relaxation, mediated by the lrCPF. In lateral gaze, the lateral
      part of the eyelid moves posterolaterally, in synchronicity with the lateral
      rectus muscle contraction, mediated by the lrCPF. The medial part of the eyelid
      moves anterolaterally, in synchronicity with medial rectus muscle relaxation,
      mediated by the mrCPF. These findings were demonstrated in all 10 patients.
      CONCLUSIONS: Cine mode MRI was used to demonstrate the dynamic roles of the mrCPF
      and the lrCPF in mediating eyelid position with the corresponding horizontal
      recti muscles. This study may allow a better understanding of the importance of
      these anatomic structures and may reduce functional and cosmetic complications
      during common oculoplastic and strabismus surgeries.

PMID- 19969364
TI  - Retinal nerve fiber layer imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence
      tomography a study on diagnostic agreement with Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic agreement and performance for
      glaucoma detection between a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and a
      spectral-domain optical coherence tomograph (OCT). DESIGN: Prospective, cross
      sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-five subjects (79 glaucoma and
      76 normal subjects). METHODS: One eye from each individual was selected randomly
      for optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) imaging by the Heidelberg
      Retinal Tomograph (HRT; Heidelberg Engineering, GmbH, Dossenheim, Germany) and
      the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering), respectively. Glaucoma was defined
      based on the presence of visual field defects with the Humphrey visual field
      analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The agreement of the categorical
      classification ("within normal limits," "borderline," and "outside normal
      limits") at the temporal, superotemporal, superonasal, nasal, inferonasal and
      inferotemporal sectors of the optic disc were evaluated (kappa statistics). The
      diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between optic disc and RNFL assessment
      were compared (McNemar's statistics). Area under the receiver operating
      characteristic curve (AUC) of OCT RNFL and HRT optic disc parameters were
      computed after adjustment of age, axial length, and optic disc area. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Agreement of categorical classification, AUC of optic disc, and RNFL
      parameters. RESULTS: The agreement of categorical classification between HRT and
      Spectralis OCT were fair to moderate (kappa ranged between 0.30 and 0.53) except
      for global (kappa = 0.63) and inferotemporal (kappa = 0.68) measurements.
      Defining glaucoma as having "outside normal limits" in the global and/or in >or=1
      of the sectoral measurements, the respective sensitivities of Spectralis OCT and
      HRT were 91.1% and 79.8% (P = 0.012) at a similar level of specificity (97.4% and
      94.7%). The AUC of OCT global RNFL thickness (0.978) was greater than those of
      HRT global rim area (0.905), vertical cup-disc ratio (0.857), rim-disc area ratio
      (0.897), and multivariate discriminant analysis (0.880-0.925; all with
      P<or=0.028) after covariates adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic
      classification provided in the HRT and Spectralis OCT analysis report may not
      agree. At a comparable level of specificity, Spectralis OCT RNFL measurement
      attained a higher sensitivity than HRT optic disc measurement.

PMID- 19969365
TI  - Comparison of the diagnostic capability of the Heidelberg Retina Tomographs 2 and
      3 for glaucoma in the Indian population.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic capability of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph
      (HRT) 2 and 3 (Heidelberg Engineering, GmBH, Dossenheim, Germany) for glaucoma in
      an Indian population. DESIGN: Evaluation of a diagnostic technology.
      PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-eight glaucoma subjects and 79 normal controls. METHODS: All
      participants underwent imaging with HRT2. Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 2
      examinations were exported to HRT3 software. The stereometric parameters of HRT2
      and HRT3 were compared. The diagnostic capability of Moorfields Regression
      Analysis (MRA) in the HRT2, HRT3 with and without ethnicity correction, and
      Glaucoma Probability Score (GPS) of HRT3 were compared. Analysis was done with
      the borderline results of MRA and GPS considered as normal to derive the most
      specific criteria and as abnormal to derive the least specific criteria. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating
      characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: On standard automated perimetry (SAP), the
      mean deviation (mean+/-standard deviation) of the glaucoma and normal groups were
      -7.3+/-6.7 dB and -0.4+/-1.1 dB, respectively (P<0.001). The AUC for the
      individual stereometric parameters of HRT2 were similar to that of HRT3. The
      sensitivity and specificity (most specific criteria) were 56.1% and 96.2%,
      respectively, for MRA of HRT2 and 56.1% and 91.1%, respectively, for MRA of HRT3.
      The sensitivity and specificity (least specific criteria) were 88.8% and 88.6%,
      respectively, for MRA of HRT2 and 70.4% and 81%, respectively, for MRA of HRT3.
      By using the Indian specific normative database of HRT3, the sensitivity and
      specificity were 37.8% and 97.5%, respectively, for the most specific criteria,
      and 55.1% and 89.9%, respectively, for the least specific criteria. Sensitivity
      and specificity of GPS were 86.7% and 68.3%, respectively, for the most specific
      criteria, and 93.9% and 39.2%, respectively, for the least specific criteria.
      CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the diagnostic capability of HRT2 MRA was similar to
      that of HRT3 MRA; ethnicity correction did not improve results; GPS was more
      sensitive but less specific than MRA in diagnosing glaucoma.

PMID- 19969367
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in glaucoma: a prospective study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess whether a low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF-P) is
      associated with open-angle glaucoma in eyes with normal intraocular pressure
      (IOP). DESIGN: Prospective, interventional study. PARTICIPANTS: The study
      included 43 patients with open-angle glaucoma (14 with a normal IOP, and 29 with
      an elevated IOP) and 71 subjects without glaucoma. INTERVENTIONS: All patients
      underwent standardized ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations and measurement
      of lumbar CSF-P. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and IOP.
      RESULTS: Lumbar CSF-P was significantly (P<0.001) lower in the normal IOP
      glaucoma group (9.5+/-2.2 mmHg) than in the high IOP glaucoma group (11.7+/-2.7
      mmHg) or the control group (12.9+/-1.9 mmHg). The trans-lamina cribrosa pressure
      difference (IOP minus CSF-P) was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the normal IOP
      glaucoma group (6.6+/-3.6 mmHg) and the high-IOP glaucoma group (12.5+/-4.1 mmHg)
      than in the control group (1.4+/-1.7 mmHg). The extent of glaucomatous visual
      field loss was negatively correlated with the height of the CSF-P and positively
      correlated with the trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference. In the control
      group, CSF-P was significantly correlated with both systolic blood pressure (P =
      0.04) and IOP (P<0.001). The trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference was not
      significantly associated with blood pressure (P = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: In open
      angle glaucoma with normal IOP, CSF-P is abnormally low, leading to an abnormally
      high trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference. Pathogenetically, a low CSF-P in
      normal-IOP glaucoma may be similar to a high IOP in high-IOP glaucoma.
      Consequently, the glaucomatous visual field defect is positively correlated with
      the trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference and inversely correlated with the
      CSF-P. In nonglaucomatous subjects, CSF-P, blood pressure, and IOP are
      significantly associated with each other.

PMID- 19969366
TI  - Cyclophosphamide for ocular inflammatory diseases.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of cyclophosphamide therapy for noninfectious
      ocular inflammation. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Two
      hundred fifteen patients with noninfectious ocular inflammation observed from
      initiation of cyclophosphamide. METHODS: Patients initiating cyclophosphamide,
      without other immunosuppressive drugs (other than corticosteroids), were
      identified at 4 centers. Dose of cyclophosphamide, response to therapy,
      corticosteroid-sparing effects, frequency of discontinuation, and reasons for
      discontinuation were obtained by medical record review of every visit. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Control of inflammation, corticosteroid-sparing effects, and
      discontinuation of therapy. RESULTS: The 215 patients (381 involved eyes) meeting
      eligibility criteria carried diagnoses of uveitis (20.4%), scleritis (22.3%),
      ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (45.6%), or other forms of ocular inflammation
      (11.6%). Overall, approximately 49.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.7%-57.2%)
      gained sustained control of inflammation (for at least 28 days) within 6 months,
      and 76% (95% CI, 68.3%-83.7%) gained sustained control of inflammation within 12
      months. Corticosteroid-sparing success (sustained control of inflammation while
      tapering prednisone to 10 mg or less among those not meeting success criteria
      initially) was gained by 30.0% and 61.2% by 6 and 12 months, respectively.
      Disease remission leading to discontinuation of cyclophosphamide occurred at the
      rate of 0.32/person-year (95% CI, 0.24-0.41), and the estimated proportion with
      remission at or before 2 years was 63.1% (95% CI, 51.5%-74.8%). Cyclophosphamide
      was discontinued by 33.5% of patients within 1 year because of side effects,
      usually of a reversible nature. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that
      cyclophosphamide is effective for most patients for controlling inflammation and
      allowing tapering of systemic corticosteroids to 10 mg prednisone or less,
      although 1 year of therapy may be needed to achieve these goals. Unlike with most
      other immunosuppressive drugs, disease remission was induced by treatment in most
      patients who were able to tolerate therapy. To titrate therapy properly and to
      minimize the risk of serious potential side effects, a systematic program of
      laboratory monitoring is required. Judicious use of cyclophosphamide seems to be
      beneficial for severe ocular inflammation cases where the potentially vision
      saving benefits outweigh the substantial potential side effects of therapy, or
      when indicated for associated systemic inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 19969368
TI  - Intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration a
      multicenter, retrospective study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare visual acuity (VA) outcomes after bevacizumab or
      ranibizumab treatment for AMD. DESIGN: Comparative, retrospective case series.
      PARTICIPANTS: We followed 452 patients in a retrospective study of exudative AMD
      treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs; 324 patients were
      treated with bevacizumab and 128 patients with ranibizumab. METHODS: All
      treatment-naive patients who received either bevacizumab or ranibizumab were
      followed for 1 year. Baseline characteristics and VA were recorded using standard
      descriptive statistics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity. RESULTS: At 12
      months, the distribution of VA improved in both groups with 22.9% of bevacizumab
      and 25.0% of ranibizumab attaining >or=20/40. Improvement in vision was observed
      in 27.3% of the bevacizumab group and 20.2% of the ranibizumab group. The mean
      number of injections at 12 months was 4.4 for bevacizumab and 6.2 for
      ranibizumab. There were 8 (2%) deaths in the bevacizumab group and 4 (3%) in the
      ranibizumab group. Two patients developed endophthalmitis in the bevacizumab
      group and the ranibizumab group. The bevacizumab group had slightly worse acuity
      at baseline, but both groups showed improvement and stability of vision over
      time. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments seem to be effective in stabilizing VA loss.
      There was no difference in VA outcome between the 2 treatment groups. Because the
      study is a nonrandomized comparison, selection bias could mask a true treatment
      difference. Results from the Comparison of the Age-related Macular Degeneration
      Treatment Trials will provide more definitive information about the comparative
      effectiveness of these drugs.

PMID- 19969369
TI  - Prevalence and features of keratitis with quantitative polymerase chain reaction
      positive for cytomegalovirus.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess corneal scrapings and aqueous humor samples analyzed by
      polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that were positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in
      patients with keratitis of unknown origin and to investigate their clinical
      manifestations. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS:
      Seventy-eight patients with epithelial (n=37), stromal (n=12), or endothelial
      keratitis (n=29) of unknown origin examined at the Osaka University Medical
      Hospital. METHODS: Clinical examination and tears, corneal scrapings, and aqueous
      humor specimens were evaluated by real-time PCR for CMV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
      Quantification of CMV DNA at the diagnosis of each type of keratitis with unknown
      origin and monitoring during the therapeutic course for CMV-positive cases.
      RESULTS: No cases of epithelial or stromal keratitis had CMV DNA. Seven of 29
      corneal endotheliitis cases (24.1%) were positive for CMV. Cytomegalovirus
      positive cases of corneal endotheliitis characterized by localized corneal edema
      and keratic precipitates included 4 patients who had undergone penetrating
      keratoplasty and were refractory to the treatment for graft rejection and 3
      patients with idiopathic endotheliitis. Cytomegalovirus DNA copy numbers were
      estimated and ranged from 6.3x10(4) to 3.6x10(6)/ml. In all positive cases, the
      numbers of CMV DNA copies decreased within weeks during treatment with systemic
      and topical ganciclovir (GCV) combined with a topical steroid. Five eyes (62.5%)
      had clinical improvement. In cases of endothelial keratitis, diabetes mellitus
      was significantly higher in patients positive for CMV (71.4%) than in patients
      negative for CMV (18.2%, P=0.016, chi-square test). CONCLUSIONS: A total of 24.1%
      of cases with corneal edema of unknown origin were CMV positive and should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic corneal endotheliitis or
      graft edema after penetrating keratoplasty, especially for bullous keratopathy.
      Real-time PCR for CMV, based on the diagnosis and monitoring of the clinical
      course, may be useful. Cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis requires early
      appropriate treatment using GCV. Because clinical remission after GCV may depend
      on the area of normal endothelium, early diagnosis and therapy are important for
      CMV corneal endotheliitis.

PMID- 19969370
TI  - What works for people with bipolar disorder? Tips from the experts.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Little is known about how patients successfully manage their bipolar
      disorder (BD). This is a remarkable gap in the BD literature, given that current
      treatments are inadequate and information about beneficial self-management
      strategies could have clinical and theoretical implications. Here, we present
      results from a study of self-management strategies used by a sample of high
      functioning individuals with BD. METHODS: The objectively rated Multidimensional
      Scale of Independent Functioning (MSIF) was used to confirm high functioning
      status (score <3) amongst a sample of individuals self-described as functioning
      well with BD type I or II (N=32). Participants completed quantitative scales to
      assess psychiatric history, current symptoms, functioning and quality of life,
      and underwent either an individual interview or focus group to answer open
      questions about the self-management strategies they used to maintain or regain
      wellness. RESULTS: Wellness strategies fell into the following themes: 1) Sleep,
      rest, exercise and diet; 2) Ongoing monitoring; 3) Enacting a plan; 4) Reflective
      and meditative practices; 5) Understanding BD and educating others; 6) Connecting
      with others. CONCLUSIONS: The wellness strategies described by the current sample
      have substantial overlap with those identified in the sole comparable qualitative
      study. They are also broadly consistent with, and serve to elaborate on proposed
      mechanisms of therapeutic action in adjunctive psychosocial interventions for BD.
      The findings constitute hopeful stories for people affected by the disorder and
      suggest further research to confirm and refine mechanisms of beneficial effect in
      BD.

PMID- 19969371
TI  - A role for IL-17 in induction of an inflammation at the fetomaternal interface in
      preterm labour.
AB  - Chorioamnionitis (CAM) is a major cause of preterm delivery. Inflammatory
      cytokines and chemokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of preterm
      delivery. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a key cytokine which induces inflammation and is
      critical to host defense. In this study, we examined the role of IL-17 in the
      pathogenesis of preterm delivery. The levels of cytokines including IL-17, IL-8
      and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha were measured by ELISA in amniotic fluid
      from 154 cases of preterm labor. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining
      were performed to determine the distribution of IL-17-producing cells. IL-8
      secretion was evaluated in primary cultured human amniotic mesenchymal (HAM)
      cells and human amniotic epithelial (HAE) cells stimulated with IL-17, TNFalpha
      or IL-1beta. We also studied the signaling pathway of IL-17 and TNFalpha in HAM
      cells. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in amniotic fluid were higher in preterm
      delivery cases than in term delivery cases. Furthermore, IL-8, IL-17 and TNFalpha
      levels were significantly higher in the preterm cases with CAM stage II or III
      than those without CAM. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining revealed
      that CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells were the main source of IL-17 in the chorioamniotic
      membrane. Interestingly, TNFalpha-induced IL-8 secretion was enhanced by IL-17 in
      a dose-dependent manner in HAM cells. The IKK inhibitor BMS-345541 and mitogen
      activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors p38, JNK and p42/44 (ERK1/2 pathway)
      reduced IL-8 secretion by IL-17-stimulated and TNFalpha-stimulated HAM cells.
      These results indicate that IL-17, produced by T cells, promotes inflammation at
      the fetomaternal interface in preterm delivery.

PMID- 19969372
TI  - Cholesterol and affective morbidity.
AB  - Depression and mania have been linked with low cholesterol though there has been
      limited prospective study of cholesterol and subsequent course of affective
      illness. We studied the relationship between fasting total cholesterol and
      subsequent depressive and manic symptoms. A total of 131 participants from a
      prospective cohort study were identified as having had a fasting total
      cholesterol evaluation at intake. Participants were predominantly inpatients at
      index visit and were followed for a median of 20 and up to 25 years. Cholesterol
      was modeled with age, gender, and index use of a mood stabilizer in linear
      regression to assess its influence on subsequent depressive symptom burden in
      participants with unipolar disorder as well as depressive and manic symptom
      burden in participants with bipolar disorder. Among bipolar participants (N=65),
      low cholesterol predicted a higher proportion of follow-up weeks with manic, but
      not depressive symptoms. Cholesterol did not appear to predict depressive symptom
      burden among participants with unipolar depression (N=66). Lower cholesterol
      levels may predispose individuals with bipolar disorder to a greater burden of
      manic symptomatology and may provide some insight into the underlying
      neurobiology.

PMID- 19969373
TI  - Psychological risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary
      heart disease: findings from the Heart and Soul Study.
AB  - Psychological factors, such as depression and anxiety, are independently
      associated with an increased risk of both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular
      disease, but the reasons for these associations are unknown. We sought to
      determine whether psychological factors were associated with a greater prevalence
      of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease, and the extent
      to which such an association may be explained by socioeconomic status, health
      behaviors, and biological mediators. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1024
      outpatients with stable coronary heart disease. Psychological factors, including
      depressive and anxiety symptoms, hostility, anger, and optimism-pessimism, were
      assessed using validated standardized questionnaires. The presence or absence of
      the metabolic syndrome was determined using the criteria outlined by the National
      Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III. Higher levels of
      depression, anger expression, hostility, and pessimism were significantly
      associated with increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. These
      associations were explained by differences in socioeconomic status and health
      behaviors. Additional adjustment for potential biological mediators had little
      impact. Further research is needed to determine whether addressing socioeconomic
      and behavioral factors in people with depression or high levels of anger or
      hostility could reduce the burden of the metabolic syndrome.

PMID- 19969374
TI  - Genetic polymorphisms in the treatment of depression: speculations from an
      augmentation study using atomoxetine.
AB  - Treatment-resistant depression may be related to polymorphisms in the promoter
      region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) or dysregulation of
      noradrenergic systems. To examine 5-HTTLPR genotypes and responses to treatment,
      adult patients (N=261) with current major depression and a symptom severity
      rating > or =8 on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD(17)) were
      treated for 8 weeks with open-label sertraline (100-200 mg/d). Patients remaining
      symptomatic (total score >4, or >1 on any item of the HAMD(17) Maier-Philipp
      subscale) were randomly assigned to double-blind therapy with sertraline plus
      either atomoxetine (40-120 mg/d) or placebo for 8 additional weeks. 5-HTTLPR
      genotype did not predict responses to sertraline monotherapy or discontinuation
      rates. Among the 138 patients remaining symptomatic after sertraline monotherapy
      (L/L = 21%, S/L = 50%, S/S = 29%), significantly more S/S-genotype patients
      achieved remission under combined sertraline/atomoxetine treatment relative to
      the other genotypes (S/S = 81.8%; non-S/S = 32.7%), but not under
      sertraline/placebo treatment (S/S = 35.7%; non-S/S = 37.7%). Minor genotypic
      differences were noted in adverse event profiles. In patients with poor responses
      to sertraline monotherapy for depression, addition of atomoxetine may improve
      responses to treatment of depression in S/S-genotyped patients. Although this
      study is speculative, it represents a pharmacologically and genotypically well
      defined patient population.

PMID- 19969375
TI  - Reduced folic acid, vitamin B12 and docosahexaenoic acid and increased
      homocysteine and cortisol in never-medicated schizophrenia patients: implications
      for altered one-carbon metabolism.
AB  - Abnormal one-carbon metabolism has long been suggested as one of the mechanisms
      for neuropathology and psychopathology of schizophrenia. Variable levels of
      components of one-carbon metabolism (folic acid and vitamin B12) and consequent
      altered levels of homocysteine and phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have
      been independently reported, mostly in medicated patients. This study examined
      the simultaneous levels of these key components of one-carbon metabolism and its
      consequences in unique, medication-naive first-episode psychotic patients (FEP,
      n=31) and healthy controls (HC, n=48) matched for confounds such as race, diet
      and lifestyle to reduce the variability. Significantly lower levels of folate and
      vitamin B12 in plasma and folate in red blood cells were observed in FEP compared
      to HC. These reductions paralleled the significant increase in plasma
      homocysteine and cortisol levels. Significantly reduced levels of membrane DHA
      were also observed in FEP compared to HC. This study, using a unique cohort,
      provided a broader mechanism (disturbed folic acid-vitamin B12-DHA balance) of
      altered one-carbon metabolism and one of its key consequential components, an
      increased homocysteine level that together with cortisol, can contribute to the
      neuropathology of psychosis. These data may have important implications for the
      amelioration of psychopathology in schizophrenia.

PMID- 19969376
TI  - Childhood sexual interactions with other children are associated with lower
      preferred age of sexual partners including sexual interest in children in
      adulthood.
AB  - Associations between childhood sexual interactions with other children, and
      preferred and actual age of sexual partners, as well as adults' sexual interest
      in children, were explored in a sample of 1312 Finnish male twins. Experience of
      sexual interaction with other children was associated with lower minimum age of
      preferred and actual sexual partners in adulthood. In addition, such interactions
      were connected to an increased likelihood of adults' sexual interest in children
      under the age of 16 years. None of the participants who reported no such
      interactions had sexual interest in children in adulthood. In addition, the
      presence of a female co-twin was associated with higher levels of childhood
      sexual interactions and lower minimum age of preferred and actual sexual
      partners. Finally, the extent of childhood sexual interactions was not affected
      by genetic factors, suggesting that the identified association represents true
      environmental causation. Experiences of childhood physical and sexual abuse were
      positively related to the extent of the childhood sexual interactions with other
      children. The results support the role of conditioning in the development of
      sexual age preferences.

PMID- 19969377
TI  - Mechanisms of change in negative thinking and urinary monoamines in depressed
      patients during acute treatment with group cognitive behavior therapy and
      antidepressant medication.
AB  - This naturalistic study investigated the mechanisms of change in measures of
      negative thinking and in 24-h urinary metabolites of noradrenaline
      (norepinephrine), dopamine and serotonin in a sample of 43 depressed hospital
      patients attending an eight-session group cognitive behavior therapy program.
      Most participants (91%) were taking antidepressant medication throughout the
      therapy period according to their treating Psychiatrists' prescriptions. The
      sample was divided into outcome categories (19 Responders and 24 Non-responders)
      on the basis of a clinically reliable change index [Jacobson, N.S., & Truax, P.,
      1991. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change
      in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12
      19.] applied to the Beck Depression Inventory scores at the end of the therapy.
      Results of repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA] analyses of variance
      indicated that all measures of negative thinking improved significantly during
      therapy, and significantly more so in the Responders as expected. The treatment
      had a significant impact on urinary adrenaline and metadrenaline excretion
      however, these changes occurred in both Responders and Non-responders. Acute
      treatment did not significantly influence the six other monoamine metabolites. In
      summary, changes in urinary monoamine levels during combined treatment for
      depression were not associated with self-reported changes in mood symptoms.

PMID- 19969378
TI  - Is disgust associated with psychopathology? Emerging research in the anxiety
      disorders.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that the propensity towards experiencing disgust may
      contribute to the development and maintenance of some anxiety disorders. This
      article summarizes the empirical evidence with emphasis on illuminating potential
      mediators, moderators, and mechanisms of the disgust-anxiety disorder association
      that may inform the development of an integrative conceptual model. Early
      research using neuroimaging methods suggest that disgust processing is associated
      with activation of the insula. This research has the potential to facilitate
      progress in developing an empirically informed psychobiological theory on the
      causal role of disgust in the anxiety disorders.

PMID- 19969379
TI  - High prevalence of autoantibodies against phosphoglycerate mutase 1 in patients
      with autoimmune central nervous system diseases.
AB  - We identified the autoantibody against phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), which
      is a glycolytic enzyme, in sera from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by
      proteomics-based analysis. We further searched this autoantibody in sera from
      patients with other neurological diseases. The prevalence of the anti-PGAM1
      antibody is much higher in patients with MS and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) than
      in those with other neurological diseases and in healthy controls. It was
      reported that the anti-PGAM1 antibody is frequently detected in patients with
      autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Results of our study suggest that the anti-PGAM1
      antibody is not only a marker of AIH but also a nonspecific marker of central
      nervous system autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 19969380
TI  - Protein kinase Calpha: disease regulator and therapeutic target.
AB  - Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) is a member of the AGC (which includes PKD, PKG
      and PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases that is widely expressed in
      mammalian tissues. It is closely related in structure, function and regulation to
      other members of the protein kinase C family, but has specific functions within
      the tissues in which it is expressed. There is substantial recent evidence, from
      gene knockout studies in particular, that PKCalpha activity regulates cardiac
      contractility, atherogenesis, cancer and arterial thrombosis. Selective targeting
      of PKCalpha therefore has potential therapeutic value in a wide variety of
      disease states, although will be technically complicated by the ubiquitous
      expression and multiple functions of the molecule.

PMID- 19969381
TI  - Combination of intensive cognitive rehabilitation and donepezil therapy in
      Alzheimer's disease (AD).
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) are extensively used in Alzheimer's
      disease (AD) while reality orientation therapy (ROT) is a cognitive
      rehabilitation indicated for mentally deteriorated patients. We aimed to evaluate
      the efficacy of the combination of donepezil with an intensive ROT with active
      participation of the caregiver. Patients with AD (n=100, mean age 78.4+/-4.3
      years) initiated treatment with donepezil, 5mg/day; 62 of them underwent a 3
      week, daily ROT and physical reactivation training with the caregiver (Group A);
      38 participants received only donepezil therapy (Group B). All subjects were
      tested for cognitive and functional abilities at baseline, at the end of the
      training program, and after 2 months of follow-up. There was a significant
      improvement in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score (p<0.001) and the AD
      assessment scale-cognitive (ADAS-Cog) subscale (p<0.001), without changes in
      impaired activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) after
      intensive ROT training in Group A. MMSE was maintained after 2 months in-home ROT
      continuation. There were no significant changes in MMSE in drug-only treated
      patients (Group B) after 3 weeks, with a non-significant tendency to improvement
      in ADAS-Cog. Our results suggest benefit of an intensive ROT program in dementia
      patients receiving donepezil that seems to be maintained as far as ROT is
      continued by the caregiver.

PMID- 19969382
TI  - Atherosclerosis and extensive arterial calcification: the same condition?

PMID- 19969383
TI  - The puzzle of Muslim advantage in child survival in India.
AB  - The socioeconomic status of Indian Muslims is, on average, considerably lower
      than that of upper-caste Hindus. Muslims nevertheless exhibit substantially
      higher child survival rates, and have done for decades. This paper analyses this
      seeming puzzle. A decomposition of the survival differential confirms that some
      compositional effects favour Muslims but that, overall, differences in
      characteristics and especially the Muslim deficit in parental education predict a
      Muslim disadvantage. The results of this study contribute to a recent literature
      that debates the importance of socioeconomic status (SES) in determining health
      and survival. They augment a growing literature on the role of religion or
      culture as encapsulating important unobservable behaviours or endowments that
      influence health, indeed, enough to reverse the SES gradient that is commonly
      observed.

PMID- 19969384
TI  - Evaluation of podocyte lesion in patients with diabetic nephropathy: Wilms' tumor
      1 protein used as a podocyte marker.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The reduction of podocyte number and density per glomerulus has
      been linked to the development of proteinuria and the progression of disease in
      patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, it has been recognized that
      measurement of podocyte number by light microscope is quite difficult because of
      the complexity of both podocyte and glomerular structure, which is not suitable
      for clinical research. In our research institute, we used WT1 as podocyte marker
      to evaluate the podocyte lesion. METHODS: In our experiment, we selected the C
      terminal antibody of WT1 to stain the nuclei and the N-terminal antibody of WT1
      to stain the cytoplasma of podocytes. Forty patients were enrolled with type 2
      diabetes and proven to have DN by renal biopsy analysis. DN patients were
      classified into three groups based on the degree of proteinuria: microalbuminuria
      (n=10, 30-300mg/24h), overt proteinuria (n=15, 0.5-3.5g/24h), and heavy
      proteinuria (n=15, >3.5g/24h). RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the
      podocyte number was markedly decreased in patients with DN (30-51% reduction).
      There was a significant negative correlation between the proteinuria and both
      podocyte density and number. The cover area density of podocyte cytoplasma in
      glomerulus was also significantly decreased in all DN patients (39-80%
      reduction). A significant inverse correlation was observed between the cover area
      density and the degree of proteinuria. The correlation coefficient (r=-0.85) was
      much higher than that between proteinuria and podocyte density (r=-0.56) or
      podocyte number (r=-0.36). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, podocyte damage occurred in
      patients with DN, even in the early stage and became more dramatic during the
      course of proteinuria progression. WT1 staining, using the polyclonal antibody to
      stain the nuclei and monoclonal antibody to stain the cytoplasma of podocytes
      together, is a valuable alternative technique in the study of podocyte injury.

PMID- 19969385
TI  - Acquisition of prokaryotic genes by fungal genomes.
AB  - The relevance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in eukaryotes is a matter of
      debate. Recent analyses have shown clear examples in some species such as Candida
      parapsilosis, but broader surveys are lacking. To assess the impact of HGT in the
      fungal kingdom, we searched for prokaryotic-derived HGTs in 60 fully sequenced
      genomes. Using strict phylogenomic criteria, we detected 713 transferred genes.
      HGT affected most fungal clades, with particularly high rates in Pezizomycotina.
      Transferred genes included bacterial arsenite reductase, catalase, different
      racemases and peptidoglycan metabolism enzymes. Our results suggest an important
      role for HGT in fungal evolution.

PMID- 19969386
TI  - Kinetics of conjugative gene transfer on surfaces in granular porous media.
AB  - The transfer of genetic material among bacteria in the environment can occur both
      in the planktonic and attached state. Given the propensity of organisms to exist
      in sessile microbial communities in oligotrophic subsurface conditions, and that
      such conditions typify the subsurface, this study focuses on exploratory modeling
      of horizontal gene transfer among surface-associated Escherichiacoli in the
      subsurface. The mathematics so far used to describe the kinetics of conjugation
      in biofilms are developed largely from experimental observations of planktonic
      gene transfer, and are absent of lags or plasmid stability that appear
      experimentally. We develop a model and experimental system to quantify bacterial
      filtration and gene transfer in the attached state, on granular porous media. We
      include attachment kinetics described in Nelson et al. (2007) using the
      filtration theory approach of Nelson and Ginn (2001, 2005) with motility of E.
      coli described according to Biondi et al. (1998).

PMID- 19969387
TI  - A child with coexistent juvenile xanthogranuloma and Langerhans cell
      histiocytosis.
AB  - A 15-month-old boy was seen because of two distinct types of lesions, namely,
      yellowish papules on the scalp and face, and hemorrhagic macules and papules on
      the trunk. A biopsy specimen from one of the yellowish papules showed
      histopathologic and immunohistochemical changes of both juvenile xanthogranuloma
      and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The section from the center of the biopsy
      specimen showed a proliferation of foamy histiocytes, among them Touton giant
      cells, which were positive for CD68, but negative for S-100 and CD1a. At the
      edges of the specimen was a predominantly histiocytic infiltration in the
      papillary dermis that was positive for S-100 and CD1a, but negative for CD68. The
      patient died 12 days after hospital admission consequent to disseminated
      intravascular coagulopathy. We did not biopsy the hemorrhagic lesions; however,
      this combination of findings suggests a possible relationship between juvenile
      xanthogranuloma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis, as previously reported.

PMID- 19969388
TI  - Communication, communication, communication: the art of the handoff.

PMID- 19969391
TI  - [Diagnosis of delirium in the critical ill].

PMID- 19969390
TI  - Dietary restriction delays aging, but not neuronal dysfunction, in Drosophila
      models of Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in diverse organisms and, in animal and
      cellular models, can delay a range of aging-related diseases including
      Alzheimer's disease (AD). A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating
      these interactions, however, may reveal novel pathways involved in AD
      pathogenesis, and potential targets for disease-modifying treatments and
      biomarkers for disease progression. Drosophila models of AD have recently been
      developed and, due to their short lifespan and susceptibility to genetic
      manipulation, we have used the fly to investigate the molecular connections among
      diet, aging and AD pathology. DR extended lifespan in both Arctic mutant Abeta42
      and WT 4R tau over-expressing flies, but the underlying molecular pathology was
      not altered and neuronal dysfunction was not prevented by dietary manipulation.
      Our data suggest that DR may alter aging through generalised mechanisms
      independent of the specific pathways underlying AD pathogenesis in the fly, and
      hence that lifespan-extending manipulations may have varying effects on aging and
      functional declines in aging-related diseases. Alternatively, our analysis of the
      specific effects of DR on neuronal toxicity downstream of Abeta and tau
      pathologies with negative results may simply confirm that the neuro-protective
      effects of DR are upstream of the initiating events involved in the pathogenesis
      of AD.

PMID- 19969392
TI  - [A colon adenocarcinoma and a pharyngeal carcinoma incidentally detected by means
      of (18)F-FDG PET in a patient diagnosed of lung cancer].
AB  - It is not uncommon to find two or more tumors in the same patient, usually based
      on similar etiologic factors or the use of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This
      occurs quite often in the case of lung cancer. In this sense, the positron
      emission tomography with (18)F-FDG (FDG-PET) is widely used for the diagnosis and
      treatment of cancer patients. It is also especially useful in patients with
      solitary pulmonary nodule, bronchogenic carcinoma, head and neck cancer, colon
      cancer, tumors of unknown origin, lymphomas, etc. Its capacity to detect
      previously unsuspected second or third primary tumors has also been demonstrated.
      We report a clinical case showing how two synchronous cancers were incidentally
      detected in a 73-year old patient diagnosed with lung cancer and referred for
      (FDG-PET) study.

PMID- 19969393
TI  - [Parental stance towards alcohol consumption in 12- to 17-year-old adolescents
      from six urban areas in Spain].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the opinions of urban parents on alcohol drinking in
      teenagers and their positioning regarding the legal restrictive measures.
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a qualitative study of six focal groups
      including 42 mothers and fathers of adolescents from six different Spanish
      regions and from diverse social strata. The quantitative part of the study
      consisted of a 1-10 scale questionnaire, measuring parents' acceptance and
      opinion about legal measures restricting underage drinking. Means and standard
      deviation were calculated. RESULTS: Parents did not consider adolescent alcohol
      drinking to be a problem so long as it was moderate and leisure time-related. The
      social and cultural context was permissive with the alcohol consumption. Alcohol
      intake depended on both external (social pressure) and internal (family) factors.
      Fathers' preferred to exercise authority, while mothers preferred communication
      and education skills. Parents approved of teachers' interventions, especially
      when based on the student's overall education and not restricted to knowledge
      transmission. Public institutions and authorities were held responsible for
      adolescents' lack of information, the scarcity of leisure-time alternatives and
      for not ensuring compliance with current regulations. Parents approved
      restrictions regarding the sale and advertising of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: Parents
      recognize adolescent alcohol drinking as a problem and tend to deal with it.
      Parents use distinct intervention strategies and generally approve legal
      measures.

PMID- 19969394
TI  - [Can the influenza epidemic be predicted by data from the Internet].

PMID- 19969395
TI  - Molecular modeling study of binding site selectivity of TQMP to G-quadruplex DNA.
AB  - Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of four-stranded G-quadruplex DNA complexes
      formed by the sequence d(TTAGGG)(4) and the TQMP ligand are presented. The TQMP
      complex was examined both in two possible binding modes (diagonal loop and
      parallel loop positions). Simulations show that the G-quadruplex DNAs with two
      K(+) ions in the central channel are fairly stable during 30 ns MD runs in
      explicit water box. pi-pi stacking and ion effect were studied with DFT
      calculations on the minimized MD average structure. From trajectories of MD runs,
      the interaction of TQMP with G-quadruplex DNA is indeed shown to correspond to
      the two different binding modes. Free energy analysis showed that in gas phase,
      the interaction between TQMP and G-quadruplex DNA is mainly electrostatic. But in
      water medium, the TQMP ligand preferentially binds in the diagonal loop position,
      the selectivity being due to a complex balance between apolar and polar
      contributions to the complexation free energy.

PMID- 19969396
TI  - Synthesis and antiviral activity of boranophosphonate isosteres of AZT and d4T
      monophosphates.
AB  - We report synthesis, in vitro antiviral activity, and stability studies in
      biological media of original boranophosphonate isosteres of AZT and d4T
      monophophates. A convenient route for the synthesis of 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine
      5'-boranophosphonate 8 and 2',3'-Didehydro-3'-dideoxythymidine-5'
      boranophosphonate 12 is described. H-phosphinates 7 and 11, and alpha
      boranophosphonates 8 and 12 exhibited no significant in vitro activity against
      HIV-infected cells, neither against a broad panel of viruses, up to 200 microM.
      The absence of activity of target compounds 8 and 12 can be partially explained
      by their short half-life in culture medium.

PMID- 19969397
TI  - CoMFA and molecular docking studies of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles as CYP450
      1A1 inhibitors.
AB  - For better understanding of the molecular interactions of inhibitors with CYP450
      1A1, a series of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles were analyzed by comparative
      molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and molecular docking. Two conformer-based
      alignment strategies were employed to construct reliable CoMFA models. The best
      CoMFA model yielded a predictive correlation coefficient r(2)(pred) value of
      0.809. Furthermore, a three-dimensional model of CYP450 1A1 was generated by
      homology modeling using CYP450 1A2 as a template, and docking of 48 CYP450 1A1
      inhibitors into the putative binding sites of the CYP450 1A1 were studied. The
      results obtained from this study will be helpful in the design of potentially
      active CYP450 1A1 inhibitors.

PMID- 19969398
TI  - Synthesis, characterization and structure-activity relationship of novel N
      phosphorylated E,E-3,5-bis(thienylidene)piperid-4-ones.
AB  - In order to design the agents with improved antitumor activity of 3,5
      bis(thienylidene)piperid-4-one type, E,E-N-phosphoryl-3,5
      bis(thienylidene)piperid-4-ones 6a-c and E,E-N-omega-phosphorylalkyl-3,5-bis
      (thienylidene)piperid-4-ones 7a-c were obtained via the direct phosphorylation of
      the parent NH-3,5-bis(thienylidene)piperid-4-one and by condensation of preformed
      N-phosphorylalkyl substituted piperidones with thiophene 2-carbaldehyde,
      respectively. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by (1)H, (31)P,
      (13)C NMR along with a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Under the
      action of visible light thermodynamically more stable E,E-isomers slowly undergo
      photochemical conversion in CDCl(3) solution to the corresponding E,Z-isomers and
      E,Z-N-methyl-3,5-bis(thienylidene)piperid-4-one 5 was isolated in individual
      state. The importance of phosphorylation for cytotoxic properties of 3,5
      bis(thienylidene)piperid-4-ones towards human carcinoma cell lines Caov3, Scov3,
      and A549 and influence of olefin configuration on antitumor activity were
      demonstrated.

PMID- 19969399
TI  - Docking and 3D-QSAR studies of influenza neuraminidase inhibitors using three
      dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field analysis.
AB  - Surflex-Dock is employed to investigate interactions between neuraminidase
      inhibitors (NIs) and neuraminidase (NA), which illuminate that carboxyl group,
      amino (guanidino) group, amide group, hydroxy group are crucial. Hydrogen bonds
      and hydrophobic interactions impact on activities of NIs. There is a strong
      correlation between binding affinity and pIC(50), with r=0.813. We have developed
      three-dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field analysis
      (HoVAIFA) as a new method of 3D-QSAR to understand chemical-biological
      interactions. Good results, R(2)=0.789 and R(2)cv=0.732, show that HoVAIFA can be
      applicable to molecular structural characterization and bioactivity prediction.
      Electrostatic, steric and hydrophobic interactions affect activities of NIs.
      HoVAIFA and docking results are corresponding, which illustrates that HoVAIFA is
      an effective methodology for characterization of complex interactions of drug
      molecules.

PMID- 19969400
TI  - 5-Substituted [1]pyrindine derivatives with antiproliferative activity.
AB  - We report herein the synthesis of 5-substituted [1]pyrindine derivatives and the
      evaluation of their antiproliferative properties on HeLa cells, a cervical
      carcinoma tumor cell line, and on the melanoma A2058 cell line. The most
      efficient compounds display cytotoxicity against tumor cells in the micromolar
      range but have interestingly no effect against the normal human fibroblasts CRL
      2796. Generally, these pyrindines are active on both tumor cell lines. Compounds
      bearing large substituents with structural rigidity at position 5 such as phenyl
      furyl show no inhibition of cell growth.

PMID- 19969401
TI  - Valuing the gap: a dialectic between theory and practice in graduate nursing
      education from a constructive educational approach.
AB  - Within nursing education, graduate pedagogies are relatively unexplored, with
      research commonly focused upon undergraduate and continuing education. In order
      to address the increasingly complex organisational challenges in the workplace,
      mid-career nurses and midwives are turning to graduate education. In one graduate
      course on cultures of learning in the workplace, a constructivist approach to
      learning was adopted. Post-course analysis of data, from the feedback on the
      course from students, student choice of assignment topics, and reflections of the
      course facilitators, revealed three pedagogies unique to graduate education. The
      pedagogies were labelled 'keeping the space open', 'theoretical concepts as
      tools', and 'resonance and action as praxis'. The intended outcome of the course
      is revealed in a fourth theme, 'developing practice in the workplace'. This
      evaluation suggests that constructivist pedagogies used with graduate students
      may be different to those pedagogies used with undergraduate and continuing
      education students. We argue that graduate pedagogies move nursing education
      beyond strategies that seek integration of theory and practice, towards a
      dialectic between theory and practice.

PMID- 19969402
TI  - An approach to the subslab depressurization remedial action in a high (222)Rn
      concentration dwelling.
AB  - Galicia (NW Spain) is a radon-prone area in the Iberian Peninsula. Measurements
      were carried out at a rural dwelling, with an annual average of radon
      concentration over 4000 Bq m(-3) and a maximum of 9000 Bq m(-3), found during a
      radon screening campaign held in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. We
      performed a detailed study to identify the main contamination source and the
      behaviour of the radon concentration, in which a linear dependence with
      temperature was verified, once corrected for relative humidity. We used different
      passive methods (charcoal canisters and two types of etched track detectors) as
      well as a radon concentration monitor that provided continuous measurement.
      Subsequent to this characterization, and in order to reduce the high radon
      concentration, a remedial action was developed using different passive and forced
      ventilation methods. A modified subslab depressurization technique was found to
      be the most effective remedy, providing a radon concentration reduction of around
      96%. This method also has the advantages of being inexpensive and reliable over
      time.

PMID- 19969403
TI  - Effects of combined gamma-irradiation and metal (Al+Cd) exposures in Atlantic
      salmon (Salmo salar L.).
AB  - These experiments were designed to investigate transcriptional effects in
      Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after exposure in vivo to ionizing gamma radiation
      combined with subtoxic levels of aluminum (Al) and cadmium (Cd). Juvenile fish
      (35 g) in freshwater with or without Al and Cd (255 microg Al/L + 6 microg Cd/L)
      were exposed to a 75 mGy dose of gamma-irradiation, and induced responses were
      compared to those of controls. The transcriptional levels of eight genes encoding
      proteins known to respond to stress in fish were quantified in liver of fish
      exposed for 5 h to gamma radiation, to Al and Cd or to the combination of Al, Cd
      and gamma radiation. The studied genes were caspase 3B, caspase 6A, caspase 7,
      p53 (apoptosis), glutathione reductase (GR), phospholipid hydroperoxide
      glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), (oxidative stress), metallothionein (MT-A)
      (metal stress) and ubiquitin (Ubi) (protein degradation). The results showed that
      gamma-irradiation alone induced significant upregulation of caspase 6A, GR, GSH
      Px, MT-A and Ubi compared to the control group, while 5 h exposure to Al+Cd alone
      did not induce any of the studied genes compared to the control. No significant
      upregulation of the series of investigated genes could be observed in fish
      exposed to gamma-irradiation in combination with Al+Cl. In conclusion, the
      results suggest that the presence of Al+Cd in the water counteracted the gamma
      irradiation effect by modifying the transcription of genes encoding proteins
      involved in the defense mechanisms against free radicals in the cells.

PMID- 19969404
TI  - Deposition of artificial radionuclides from atmospheric Nuclear Weapon Tests
      estimated by soil inventories in French areas low-impacted by Chernobyl.
AB  - Soil inventories of anthropogenic radionuclides were investigated in altitudinal
      transects in 2 French regions, Savoie and Montagne Noire. Rain was negligible in
      these 2 areas the days after the Chernobyl accident. Thus anthropogenic
      radionuclides are coming hypothetically only from Global Fallout following
      Atmospheric Nuclear Weapon Tests. This is confirmed by the isotopic signatures
      ((238)Pu/(239+240)Pu; (137)Cs/(239+240)Pu; and (241)Am/(239+240)Pu) close to
      Global Fallout value. In Savoie, a peat core age-dated by (210)Pb(ex) confirmed
      that the main part of deposition of anthropogenic radionuclides occurred during
      the late sixties and the early seventies. In agreement with previous studies, the
      anthropogenic radionuclide inventories are well correlated with the annual
      precipitations. However, this is the first time that a study investigates such a
      large panel of annual precipitation and therefore of anthropogenic radionuclide
      deposition. It seems that at high-altitude sites, deposition of artificial
      radionuclides was higher possibly due to orographic precipitations.

PMID- 19969405
TI  - Re "the need of postoperative radiographs in maxillofacial fractures--a
      prospective multicentric study" by M.K. Jain, M. Alexander [Br. J. Oral
      Maxillofac. Surg. 47 (2009) 525-529].

PMID- 19969406
TI  - Economic development is ultimate determinant of food safety: a case study of
      China.

PMID- 19969408
TI  - Prehospital treatment guidelines in severe traumatic brain injury: what really
      happens outside the hospital?

PMID- 19969407
TI  - Survival increases with CPR by Emergency Medical Services before defibrillation
      of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia:
      observations from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Immediate defibrillation is the traditional approach to resuscitation
      of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (VF/VT).
      Delaying defibrillation to provide chest compressions may improve survival. We
      examined the effect of the duration of Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to first defibrillation on survival in
      patients with out-of-hospital VF/VT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a prospective
      multi-center observational registry of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac
      arrest, we identified 1638 EMS-treated cardiac arrests with first recorded rhythm
      VF/VT or "shockable" and complete data for analysis. Survival to hospital
      discharge was determined as a function of EMS CPR duration prior to first shock.
      RESULTS: Compared to the reference group of first EMS CPR duration < or =45 s,
      the odds of survival was greater among patients who received between 46 and 195 s
      of EMS CPR before first shock (46-75 s odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence
      interval [CI] 0.71-1.87; 76-105 s, OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.80-2.35; 106-135 s, OR 1.53,
      95% CI 0.96-2.45; 136-165 s, OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.71-2.15; 166-195 s, OR 1.47, 95%
      CI 0.85-2.52). The benefit of EMS CPR before defibrillation was reduced when the
      duration of CPR exceeded 195 s (196-225 s, OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.47-1.81; 226-255 s,
      OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.46-1.79; 256-285 s, OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.17-1.29; 286-315 s, OR
      1.29, 95% CI 0.59-2.85). An optimal EMS CPR duration was not identified and no
      duration achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In this observational
      analysis of VF/VT arrest, between 46 and 195 s of EMS CPR prior to defibrillation
      was weakly associated with improved survival compared to < or =45 s. Randomized
      trials are needed to confirm the optimal duration of EMS CPR prior to
      defibrillation and to assess the impact of first CPR duration on all initial
      rhythms.

PMID- 19969409
TI  - Efficacy and safety of a novel oral contraceptive based on oestradiol (oestradiol
      valerate/dienogest): a Phase III trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: A novel oral contraceptive (OC) that contains oestradiol valerate
      (E2V; 1 mg of E2V is equivalent to 0.76 mg of 17beta-oestradiol) and dienogest
      (DNG) has been developed. The efficacy and safety of this formulation was
      assessed in the current study. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicentre, open-label,
      non-comparative, 20-cycle study conducted in Germany, Austria and Spain in
      healthy women aged 18-50 years. E2V/DNG was administered using an oestrogen step
      down and a progestin step-up approach over 26 days (E2V 3 mg on days 1 and 2, E2V
      2 mg/DNG 2 mg on days 3-7, E2V 2 mg/DNG 3 mg on days 8-24, E2V 1 mg on days 25
      and 26 and placebo on days 27 and 28). The primary outcome measure was the number
      of pregnancies during treatment in the whole study population and in the subgroup
      of women aged 18-35 years. Contraceptive efficacy was estimated by calculating
      the Pearl Index (number of pregnancies per 100 women-years of exposure). At a
      final examination, treatment satisfaction was assessed. RESULTS: In total, 1377
      women received study treatment. During the study, thirteen pregnancies occurred
      (unadjusted Pearl Index: 0.73). Six of these were due to method failure (adjusted
      Pearl Index: 0.34). In the subgroup of 998 women aged 18-35 years, 12 pregnancies
      occurred (unadjusted Pearl Index: 0.94), five of which were due to method failure
      (adjusted Pearl Index: 0.40). The majority of women (79.5%) were satisfied or
      very satisfied with treatment. Treatment-related adverse events (considered at
      least possibly treatment-related) occurred in 19.8% of women. Overall, during 20
      cycles of treatment, only 10.2% of women prematurely discontinued treatment due
      to an adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: A novel OC based on oestradiol provides highly
      effective and reliable contraception. This is achieved through the combination of
      oestradiol valerate (E2V) and dienogest (DNG) administered using an oestrogen
      step-down and a progestin step-up approach over 26 days of active treatment
      followed by 2 days of placebo. The preparation is well tolerated and is
      associated with a high degree of user satisfaction and a low discontinuation
      rate.

PMID- 19969410
TI  - Paget disease of the vulva: a study of 56 cases.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To resolve controversial issues regarding vulvar Paget disease through
      analysis of a substantial number of cases. STUDY DESIGN: The medical records and
      pathology slides of 56 patients with a diagnosis of vulvar Paget disease were
      reviewed. Possible correlation between clinical and pathological data was
      examined. RESULTS: Most patients were Caucasian and their mean age at diagnosis
      was 69 years. The average length of follow-up was 5.6 years. The most common
      symptom was pruritus, almost always accompanied by erythematous-white plaques.
      Substantial delay between appearance of symptoms and diagnosis was observed in
      many patients, and was significantly associated with larger lesions. Recurrence
      rate after surgical management was 32%, with disease involving the perineum being
      the only statistically significant risk factor. Patients with positive surgical
      margins had an increased recurrence rate, but this was not statistically
      significant. Intra-operative frozen section analysis of the margins as well as
      radical surgery as initial treatment did not reduce recurrence rate. In general,
      stromal invasion was not associated with worse prognosis, but the single patient
      who died of disease had the deepest stromal invasion. Radiation therapy given to
      five patients who either had multiple positive surgical margins or experienced
      disease recurrence and refused additional surgery resulted in complete response
      with no further recurrences. On the last day of follow-up 24 patients (43%) had
      no evidence of disease, 24 patients (43%) were dead of other causes, 5 patients
      (9%) were alive with disease, 2 patients (3%) were lost to follow-up, and 1 (2%)
      died due to vulvar Paget disease with invasive adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS:
      Vulvar Paget disease only rarely results in a patient's death, but long term
      follow-up is required, as recurrences are common and can be noted many years
      after the initial treatment.

PMID- 19969411
TI  - The role of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive
      bladder cancer.
AB  - CONTEXT: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the most effective intravesical
      treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but the clinical
      development of BCG has been accompanied by controversy. Recent publications have
      called into question a number of aspects related to its use. OBJECTIVE: To review
      the current clinical role of BCG in NMIBC, focusing on efficacy and tolerability
      as primary objectives and on strategies to predict response and decrease toxicity
      as secondary objectives. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a systematic
      literature search of published articles in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane
      Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for the period from 1976 to
      November 2008. The following "free text" combination was used in the first
      instance: "BCG and intravesical and bladder cancer." Further free text searches
      were performed by separately adding the following keywords to the combination
      "BCG and intravesical": survival, progression, recurrence, maintenance, dosing,
      toxicity, tolerability, side effects, prognostic factors. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: BCG
      is the most effective intravesical agent for preventing NMIBC recurrence, but its
      role in disease progression remains controversial. In intermediate-risk NMIBC,
      the superiority of BCG over chemotherapy is well established for disease
      recurrence but not for progression and needs to be balanced against higher
      toxicity. With regard to high-risk NMIBC, there is sufficient evidence to show
      that BCG is the most effective treatment of carcinoma in situ for ablation,
      disease-free interval, and progression, but the impact of BCG on the natural
      history of T1G3 tumors relies on a low level of evidence. Maintenance remains
      crucial for efficacy. The dose can be safely and effectively reduced to decrease
      its toxicity, which is slightly greater than chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: BCG
      should still be viewed as the most effective intravesical agent, but its role in
      the progression of papillary tumors needs to be clarified. BCG remains an
      alternative to intravesical chemotherapy in intermediate-risk NMIBC, and it is
      recommended as the standard of care for high-risk NMIBC.

PMID- 19969412
TI  - Neural surfaces coverage with "collagen films and cigarettes": A revisited and
      modified method of protection and retraction during microsurgical approaches to
      craniospinal lesions.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Despite the surgical cotton patties application and meticulous
      manipulation, mechanical contact between the different microsurgical instruments
      and neurovascular structures may jeopardize its integrity through laceration or
      cerebrospinal perfusion. We present a technique based on using collagen films and
      cigarettes, both to protect and retract such structures, and compared it with the
      cottonoid technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the last 3 years, collagen in
      "film and cigarette format" has been used in several microsurgical procedures for
      the treatment of craniospinal lesions by the first author. The collagen films
      were broken into pieces and adapted to the exposed neural surface measurements to
      protect and/or retract during microsurgical dissection. At the same time,
      handmade collagen "cigarettes" were used as retractors to keep open the neural
      lips of the transsulcal and transfissural corridors. To investigate the relevance
      of this technique for minimizing surgical morbidity, a blind third-party observer
      quantified the tissue preservation by a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) protocol, in a short series with randomized cotton patty vs. collagen film
      protection. RESULTS: Only two of the 20 examined "collagen group" cases exhibited
      areas of additional abnormal signal, as against 16 cases of the "cotton patty
      group." Furthermore, a statistically significant difference between both the
      groups based on the radiological results was also demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The
      results of the present series support the usefulness of the neurovascular
      coverage and retraction with collagen films and cigarettes, respectively. It
      seems to be a good alternative to surgical cotton patties and other materials
      owing to its hemostatic, protection, retraction, and dissection capacity.

PMID- 19969413
TI  - Impact of cognitive impairment on coping strategies in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of cognitive impairment (CI) on coping
      strategies in multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three
      patients (40 women, 55 relapsing-remitting and 8 secondary progressive, age
      42.6+/-10.1 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.2+/-1.7) were assessed
      using the Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences-New Italian version
      Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Rao's Brief Repeatable Battery.
      RESULTS: MS patients were less likely to use positive and problem-focused
      strategies, whereas avoiding strategies were adopted more frequently. Twenty
      three (36.5%) cases were CI. We found no differences in the type of coping
      between CI and cognitively preserved patients. Scores on the Stroop test (beta=
      0.91, p=0.04) and on the Word List Generation (beta=1.15, p=0.04) were associated
      with poorer coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that cognitive
      functioning (in particular on sustained attention and aspects of executive
      function) must be considered in a comprehensive account of the factors
      contributing to successful coping in MS patients.

PMID- 19969414
TI  - Enhanced degradation of 4-nitrophenol by microwave assisted Fe/EDTA process.
AB  - A microwave assisted zero-valent iron oxidation process was studied in order to
      investigate the synergetic effects of MW irradiation on Fe/EDTA system
      (Fe/EDTA/MW) treated 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from aqueous solution. The results
      indicated that the thermal effect of microwave improved the removal effect of 4
      NP and TOC through raising the temperature of the system, as well as the non
      thermal effect generated by the interaction between the microwave and the Fe
      resulting in an increase in the hydrophobic character of Fe surface. During the
      degradation of 4-NP in Fe/EDTA/MW system, the optimum value for MW power, Fe,
      EDTA dosage was 400 W, 2 g and 0.4 mM, respectively. The possible pathway for
      degrading the 4-NP was proposed based on GC/MS and HPLC analysis of the
      degradation intermediates. The concentration change course of the main bio
      refractory by-products, the aminophenol formed in the degradation of 4-NP
      suggested a more efficient degradation and mineralization in Fe/EDTA/MW system.
      Finally, BOD(5)/COD(Cr) of the solution increased from 0.237 to 0.635 after
      reaction for 18 min, indicating that the biodegradability of wastewater was
      greatly improved by Fe/EDTA/MW system and would benefit to further treatment by
      biochemical methods.

PMID- 19969415
TI  - Preparation and characterization of tungsten-loaded titanium dioxide
      photocatalyst for enhanced dye degradation.
AB  - Tungsten-loaded TiO(2) photocatalyst has been successfully prepared and
      characterized. TEM analysis showed that the photocatalysts were nanosize with the
      tungsten species forming layers of coverage on the surface of TiO(2), but not in
      clustered form. This was confirmed by XRD and FT-Raman analyses where tungsten
      species were well dispersed at lower loading (<6.5 mol%), but were in crystalline
      WO(3) at higher loadings (>12 mol%). In addition, loading with tungsten could
      stabilize the anatase phase from transforming into inactive rutile phase and did
      not shift the optical absorption to the visible region as shown by DRUV-vis
      analysis. PZC value of TiO(2) was found at 6.4, but the presence of tungsten at
      6.5 mol% WO(3), decreased the PZC value to 3. Tungsten-loaded TiO(2) was superior
      to unmodified TiO(2) with 2-fold increase in degradation rate of methylene blue,
      and equally effective for the degradation of different class of dyes such as
      methyl violet and methyl orange at 1 mol% WO(3) loading.

PMID- 19969417
TI  - Effective dechlorination of HCB by nanoscale Cu/Fe particles.
AB  - We previously reported that microscale Cu/Fe bimetal could be used for the
      dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a representative polychlorinated
      persistent organic pollutant (POPs). But slow reduction rate and rather
      incomplete dechlorination were reached. In this study, HCB dechlorination by
      nanoscale Fe and Cu/Fe was evaluated. It was found that HCB reduction by
      nanoscale Fe was rather slow, and the reduction was significantly increased by
      nanoscale Cu/Fe. Near complete reduction of HCB was obtained by nanoscale Cu/Fe
      for 48 h treatment. HCB was quickly dechlorinated to PeCB, TeCBs, TCBs and DCBs
      without selectivity via a stepwise process. The reduction rate and dechlorination
      extent were much higher compared with microscale Cu/Fe. Lowering pH during
      reduction showed slightly negative influence on HCB reduction by nanoscale Cu/Fe
      due to retarded co-precipitation. A catalytic hydrogenation process on Cu surface
      through iron oxide film was suggested for the increased HCB reduction by Cu
      coating on nanoscale Fe. This study proved that using a much cheaper bimetallic
      iron of nanoscale Cu/Fe than nanoscale Pd/Fe could also achieve the effective
      dechlorination of HCB.

PMID- 19969416
TI  - Decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by Kocuria
      rosea MTCC 1532.
AB  - Kocuria rosea (MTCC 1532) showed 100% decolorization of methyl orange (50 mg l(
      1)) under static condition. The optimum pH and temperature for dye decolorization
      was 6.8 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The K. rosea (MTCC 1532) showed maximum
      decolorization of methyl orange when growth medium containing yeast extract as
      compared to other substrates. The culture exhibited significant ability to
      decolorize repeated additions of dye, with reduction in time up to 12 h at eighth
      dye aliquot addition. Significant induction of reductases (NADH-DCIP reductase
      and azoreductase) suggests its involvement in decolorization of methyl orange.
      The metabolites formed after decolorization of methyl orange, such as 4-amino
      sulfonic acid and N,N'-dimethyl p-phenyldiamine were characterized using FTIR and
      MS. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed the methyl orange was toxic
      and metabolites obtained after its decolorization was nontoxic for experimental
      plants (Triticum aestivum and Phaseolus mungo) and bacteria (K. rosea,
      Pseudomonas aurugenosa and Azatobacter vinelandii).

PMID- 19969418
TI  - On the photocatalytic properties of elongated TiO2 nanoparticles for phenol
      degradation and Cr(VI) reduction.
AB  - Elongated TiO(2) nanoparticles with high aspect ratio have specific advantages in
      separation processes. In this study, TiO(2) nanofiber was prepared via a
      hydrothermal reaction, and TiO(2) nanoparticles with varied structural properties
      were obtained using hydrothermal and calcination post-treatments. Photocatalytic
      phenol degradation and Cr(VI) reduction over these catalysts was investigated.
      Results showed that hydrothermally prepared TiO(2) nanofiber consisted of
      titanate with high aspect ratio. Calcining the as-prepared TiO(2) nanofiber at
      400 and 600 degrees C led to the crystalline phase transformation from titanate
      to TiO(2)-B and to the presence of mixed crystalline phases composed of TiO(2)-B
      and anatase. In contrast, hydrothermal post-treatment results in the generation
      of pure anatase TiO(2) nanoparticles. For photocatalytic phenol degradation,
      calcining the as-prepared TiO(2) nanofiber resulted in an enhanced catalytic
      activity, whereas TiO(2) nanoparticles obtained by calcination post-treatment
      showed lower catalytic activities for photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction compared to
      as-prepared TiO(2) nanofiber. TiO(2) nanofiber modified using the hydrothermal
      post-treatment, however, exhibited the highest catalytic activity among TiO(2)
      nanoparticles examined for both photocatalytic phenol degradation and Cr(VI)
      reduction. Furthermore, TiO(2) nanoparticles obtained by hydrothermal post
      treatment showed the best sedimentation efficiency, highlighting its prominent
      potential as a readily separable and recoverable photocatalyst.

PMID- 19969419
TI  - Letter to the editor regarding "somatization: or another God that failed"
      2009;145:4-5.

PMID- 19969420
TI  - Fatigue and pain; what is the connection?

PMID- 19969421
TI  - IL-17 mediates articular hypernociception in antigen-induced arthritis in mice.
AB  - IL-17 is an important cytokine in the physiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA). However, its participation in the genesis of nociception during RA remains
      undetermined. In this study, we evaluated the role of IL-17 in the genesis of
      articular nociception in a model of antigen (mBSA)-induced arthritis. We found
      that mBSA challenge in the femur-tibial joint of immunized mice induced a dose-
      and time-dependent mechanical hypernociception. The local IL-17 concentration
      within the mBSA-injected joints increased significantly over time. Moreover, co
      treatment of mBSA challenged mice with an antibody against IL-17 inhibited
      hypernociception and neutrophil recruitment. In agreement, intraarticular
      injection of IL-17 induced hypernociception and neutrophil migration, which were
      reduced by the pre-treatment with fucoidin, a leukocyte adhesion inhibitor. The
      hypernociceptive effect of IL-17 was also reduced in TNFR1(-/-) mice and by pre
      treatment with infliximab (anti-TNF antibody), a CXCR1/2 antagonist or by an IL-1
      receptor antagonist. Consistent with these findings, we found that IL-17
      injection into joints increased the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and
      CXCL1/KC. Treatment with doxycycline (non-specific MMPs inhibitor), bosentan
      (ET(A)/ET(B) antagonist), indomethacin (COX inhibitor) or guanethidine
      (sympathetic blocker) inhibited IL-17-induced hypernociception. IL-17 injection
      also increased PGE(2) production, MMP-9 activity and COX-2, MMP-9 and PPET-1 mRNA
      expression in synovial membrane. These results suggest that IL-17 is a novel pro
      nociceptive cytokine in mBSA-induced arthritis, whose effect depends on both
      neutrophil migration and various pro-inflammatory mediators, as TNF-alpha, IL
      1beta, CXCR1/2 chemokines ligands, MMPs, endothelins, prostaglandins and
      sympathetic amines. Therefore, it is reasonable to propose IL-17 targeting
      therapies to control this important RA symptom.

PMID- 19969422
TI  - From mouse to moose: multilocus genotyping of Giardia isolates from various
      animal species.
AB  - Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite that consists of seven genetically
      distinct assemblages (A to G). Assemblage A and B parasites have been detected in
      a wide range of animals including humans, while the other assemblages (C to G)
      appear to have a narrower host range. However, the knowledge about zoonotic
      transmission of G. intestinalis is limited. To address this question, 114 Giardia
      isolates from various animals in Sweden including pets, livestock, wildlife and
      captive non-human primates were investigated by a sequence-based analysis of
      three genes (beta-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate
      isomerase). Assemblage A infections were detected in nine ruminants, five cats
      and one dog, while three sheep were infected with both assemblages A and E.
      Multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were defined for assemblage A, and three of these
      MLGs have previously been detected in Giardia isolates from humans. The newly
      described sub-assemblage AIII, until now reported mainly in wild hoofed animals,
      was found in one cat isolate. Assemblage B occurred in three monkeys, one guinea
      pig and one rabbit. The rabbit isolate exhibited sequences at all three loci
      previously detected in human isolates. The non-zoonotic assemblages C, D, E, F or
      G were found in the remaining 83 G. intestinalis isolates, which were
      successfully amplified and genotyped, generating a wide variety of both novel and
      known sub-genotypes. Double peaks in chromatograms were seen in assemblage B, C,
      D and E isolates but were never observed in assemblage A, F and G isolates, which
      can reflect differences in allelic sequence divergence. No evidence of genetic
      exchange between assemblages was detected. The study shows that multilocus
      genotyping of G. intestinalis is a highly discriminatory and useful tool in the
      determination of zoonotic sub-groups within assemblage A, but less valuable for
      subtyping assemblages B, C, D and E due to the high frequency of double peaks in
      the chromatograms. The obtained data also suggest that zoonotic transmission of
      assemblages A and B might occur to a limited extent in Sweden.

PMID- 19969423
TI  - Hydrofiber dressing with silver for the management of split-thickness donor
      sites: a randomized evaluation of two protocols of care.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This randomized, open-label study evaluated Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber
      dressing with silver (HDS; ConvaTec, Skillman, NJ, USA) with an adherent or
      gelled protocol in the management of split-thickness donor sites. METHODS: HDS
      was the primary dressing in the adherent group (gauze as secondary covering) and
      gelled group (transparent film as secondary covering). Dressings were changed on
      study day 1 or 2 and study days 5 (optional), 10 (optional), and 14. The primary
      outcome was healing (>or=90% re-epithelialization) at study day 14. RESULTS:
      Seventy subjects were treated (36 adherent, 34 gelled). By study day 14, 77% of
      donor sites had healed (67% adherent, 88% gelled). Pain scores decreased over
      time in both treatment groups. Investigators were "very satisfied" or "satisfied"
      with (adherent, gelled) time required to manage dressing change (89%, 79% of
      subjects), minimization of donor-site pain (64%, 82%), ease of application (97%,
      94%), management of drainage (92%, 82%), ease of removal (77%, 85%), and ability
      of dressing to remain in place (69%, 76%). Thirty-nine (56%) subjects had adverse
      events, most commonly non-donor-site infection (11%) and gastrointestinal events
      (11%). CONCLUSION: In this randomized, open-label study, HDS was well-tolerated,
      versatile, and effective in the management of split-thickness donor sites.

PMID- 19969424
TI  - Percutaneous transcoronary angioplasty and electrophysiological stimulation
      during acute management of a patient with severe burns.

PMID- 19969425
TI  - Post-burn philtrum restoration.
AB  - One of the consequences of face burn is upper lip deformation with philtrum
      injury. The philtrum's absence poses severe cosmetic defects. A literature review
      shows no effective developed technique which allows the surgeon to restore the
      upper lip and the philtrum in a single-stage procedure. The article presents a
      new method for burn-damaged philtrum restoration. Two scar stripes are
      deliberately left in place above the upper lip where the normal philtral ridges
      should be. The width of these two stripes (ridges) should be around 4mm. The
      upper lip scars, lateral both ridges and between them, are excised forming the
      philtral dimple. The wound is covered with a split thickness skin graft. Two U
      shaped sutures are led through the skin graft, both scar stripes and deeper
      through the underlying tissues between stripes. A bolster is plunged between the
      ridges in order to fill the dimple and is fixed by the tie-over dressing with
      tension. The skin transplant lying laterally to the ridges is covered with a
      separate tie-over dressing. The bolster is being kept in place for the duration
      of 7 days. As a result, the scar ridges preserve their height and the dimple
      keeps its depth. Good long-time follow-up results (up to 7 years) were observed
      in all 18 patients. In most cases the dimple can be slightly smoothed with time.
      The suggested method of philtrum restoration is an important component of the
      burned upper lip reconstruction as part of the post-burn facial resurfacing.

PMID- 19969426
TI  - Aspirin, iron loss, and age-related macular degeneration.

PMID- 19969427
TI  - Naltrexone and combined behavioral intervention effects on trajectories of
      drinking in the COMBINE study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: COMBINE is the largest study of pharmacotherapy for alcoholism in the
      United States to date, designed to answer questions about the benefits of
      combining behavioral and pharmacological interventions. Trajectory-based analyses
      of daily drinking data allowed identification of distinct drinking trajectories
      in smaller studies and demonstrated significant naltrexone effects even when
      primary analyses on summary drinking measures were unsuccessful. The objective of
      this study was to replicate and refine trajectory estimation and to assess
      effects of naltrexone, acamprosate and therapy on the probabilities of following
      particular trajectories in COMBINE. It was hypothesized that different treatments
      may affect different trajectories of drinking. METHODS: We conducted exploratory
      analyses of daily indicators of any drinking and heavy drinking using a
      trajectory-based approach and assessed trajectory membership probabilities and
      odds ratios for treatment effects. RESULTS: We replicated the trajectories
      ("abstainer", "sporadic drinker", "consistent drinker") established previously in
      smaller studies. However, greater numbers of trajectories better described the
      heterogeneity of drinking over time. Naltrexone reduced the chance to follow a
      "nearly daily" trajectory and Combined Behavioral Intervention (CBI) reduced the
      chance to be in an "increasing to nearly daily" trajectory of any drinking. The
      combination of naltrexone and CBI increased the probability of membership in a
      trajectory in which the frequency of any drinking declined over time. Trajectory
      membership was associated with different patterns of treatment compliance.
      CONCLUSION: The trajectory-analyses identified specific patterns of drinking that
      were differentially influenced by each treatment and provided support for
      hypotheses about the mechanisms by which these treatments work.

PMID- 19969429
TI  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus attachment is mediated by the
      N-terminal domain of the sialoadhesin receptor.
AB  - Sialoadhesin (Sn) is an important receptor for viral attachment and
      internalization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to
      porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM). To investigate whether the N-terminal domain
      of Sn is sufficient and/or necessary for PRRSV attachment, we constructed a
      series of truncated fragments of porcine Sn and expressed these in the non
      permissive PK15 cell line. The first 150 amino acids comprising the entire first
      domain of the Sn N-terminal region was necessary for PRRSV binding to cells, and
      the N-terminal domain alone was sufficient for virus attachment. The attachment
      of PRRSV to PAM cells was inhibited by polyclonal anti-serum against the N
      terminal region of porcine Sn in a dose-dependent manner. The present study
      demonstrates that the first domain at the N-terminus of Sn mediates PRRSV
      attachment to PAM cells and contributes to better understanding the interaction
      between PRRSV and its host cells.

PMID- 19969428
TI  - Late-life and life history predictors of older adults' high-risk alcohol
      consumption and drinking problems.
AB  - AIMS: This prospective, longitudinal study focused on late-life and life history
      predictors of high-risk alcohol consumption and drinking problems during a 20
      year interval as adults matured from age 55-65 to 75-85. DESIGN, SETTING,
      PARTICIPANTS: A sample of older community residents (N=719) who had consumed
      alcohol in the past year or shortly before was surveyed at baseline and 10 and 20
      years later. MEASUREMENTS: At each contact point, participants completed an
      inventory that assessed their alcohol consumption, drinking problems, and
      personal and life context factors. Participants also provided information about
      their life history of drinking and help-seeking. RESULTS: Older adults who, at
      baseline, had more friends who approved of drinking, relied on substances for
      tension reduction, and had more financial resources were more likely to engage in
      high-risk alcohol consumption and to incur drinking problems at 10- and 20-year
      follow-ups. With respect to life history factors, drinking problems by age 50
      were associated with a higher likelihood of late-life high-risk alcohol
      consumption and drinking problems; having tried to cut down on drinking and
      participation in Alcoholics Anonymous were associated with a lower likelihood of
      high-risk consumption and problems. CONCLUSION: Specific late-life and life
      history factors can identify older adults likely to engage in excessive alcohol
      consumption 10 and 20 years later. Targeted screening that considers current
      alcohol consumption and life context, and history of drinking problems and help
      seeking, could help identify older adults at higher risk for excessive or
      problematic drinking.

PMID- 19969430
TI  - Proteomic study of Mycoplasma suis using the gel-based shotgun strategy.
AB  - Mycoplasma suis (M. suis) is an uncultivable pathogen that colonizes the surface
      of porcine erythrocytes. In the present study, gel-based LC-MS/MS was performed
      to analyze the proteomic composition of M. suis. We identified 191 proteins with
      two or more peptides and additional 217 putative proteins with one peptide hit by
      cross-species searching the Mollicutes protein databases. Resultant proteins were
      classified based on their molecular functions. The majority of enzymes involved
      in central carbon metabolic pathways and nucleotide biosynthesis were confirmed
      by searching the KEGG database. The present study is the first report addressing
      the proteome of M. suis. Results indicate that the energy source of M. suis might
      depend mainly on glycometabolism.

PMID- 19969431
TI  - Recombinant 35-kDa inclusion membrane protein IncA as a candidate antigen for
      serodiagnosis of Chlamydophila pecorum.
AB  - Chlamydophila pecorum strains are commonly found in the intestine and vaginal
      mucus of asymptomatic ruminants and may therefore induce a positive serological
      response when the animals are tested for C. abortus. They have also been
      associated with different pathological diseases in ruminants, swine and koala.
      The aim of this study was to identify specific C. pecorum immunodominant antigens
      which could be used in ELISA tests allowing to distinguish between animals
      infected with C. pecorum and those infected with other chlamydial species. A gene
      encoding 35-kDa inclusion membrane protein incA of C. pecorum was isolated by
      immunoscreening of the C. pecorum DNA library using ovine anti-C. pecorum
      antibodies. The recombinant IncA protein did not react with a murine serum
      directed against C. abortus but did react with a specific monoclonal antibody of
      C. pecorum and toward several ovine serum samples obtained after experimental
      infection with different C. pecorum strains. This protein could be a good
      candidate for specific diagnosis of C. pecorum infection.

PMID- 19969432
TI  - Progestational effects of dydrogesterone in vitro, in vivo and on the human
      endometrium.
AB  - Dydrogesterone has a molecular structure closely related to that of natural
      progesterone, but it has enhanced oral availability compared with progesterone.
      The hormonal profile and the progestational potency of dydrogesterone has been
      determined in vitro, in vivo and in humans, in combination with estrogens or
      without. It showed varying affinity for progesterone-binding proteins in uterine
      tissue in vitro, depending on the species. It exerted a clear progestational
      response in the rabbit in vivo, although the potency was influenced somewhat by
      the route of administration. When used in hormone replacement therapy, 10mg
      dydrogesterone given sequentially provides adequate protection against
      endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women using 2mg estradiol. Similarly, a
      dydrogesterone dose of 5mg also protects the endometrium when continuously
      combined with 1mg estradiol. Dydrogesterone also has beneficial effects in women
      with amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding and irregular
      cycles. In conclusion, having a similar profile to progesterone but with better
      oral availability, dydrogesterone has been used successfully to treat disorders
      related to absolute or relative progesterone deficiency.

PMID- 19969433
TI  - Comparative study of ATR and transflection IR spectroscopic techniques for the
      analysis of hallucinogenic mushrooms.
AB  - This paper compares the use of ATR and transflection spectroscopic techniques for
      the qualitative analysis of psilocin extracted from hallucinogenic mushrooms and
      control spiked mushrooms. Both techniques gave comparable results and agreed with
      prior GC/MS analysis of the actual case samples.

PMID- 19969434
TI  - Integrating dental data in missing persons and unidentified remains
      investigations: the RESOLVE INITIATIVE and DIP3.
AB  - DIP3, a computerized aid to assist in dental identification, was integrated into
      the RESOLVE INITIATIVE, a joint endeavour by the Ontario Provincial Police and
      the Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario, to resolve cases of missing persons
      (MP) and unidentified remains (UNID). Dental data, from the UNID, collected by
      the coroner and the dental records of MP, provided by investigating police, are
      streamed separately for input into a dedicated computer program. All dental
      management is provided by forensic dentists. The advantage of having experienced
      dentists managing this data is explained. A description of the RESOLVE INITIATIVE
      and DIP3, including the method used for record transmission is provided.

PMID- 19969435
TI  - [Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava revealing primary antiphospholipid
      syndrome: a case report].
AB  - Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava is a rare clinical expression of primary
      antiphospholipid syndrome. This case clearly illustrates the clinical
      manifestations, work-up findings and management principles of thrombosis of the
      inferior vena cava in primary antiphospholipid syndrome before the stage of
      complication. The patient was a 24-year-old female with a history of recurrent
      deep venous thrombosis. She was admitted to the department of internal medicine
      for dyspnea and pain of the right hypochondria. Physical examination disclosed an
      edematous ascitic syndrome. The scanner coupled with Doppler ultrasonography
      showed thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. On these radiological findings, an
      immunological work-up was requested, which showed the presence of
      antiphospholipid antibodies.

PMID- 19969436
TI  - CT and MR findings in synovial chondromatosis of the temporo-mandibular joint:
      our experience and review of literature.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR)
      features and their diagnostic potential in the assessment of Synovial
      Chondromatosis (SC) of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint (TMJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      Eight patients with symptoms and signs compatible with dysfunctional disorders of
      the TMJ underwent CT and MR scan. We considered the following parameters: soft
      tissue involvement (disk included), osteostructural alterations of the joints,
      loose bodies and intra-articular fluid. These parameters were evaluated
      separately by two radiologists with a "double blinded method" and then, after
      agreement, definitive assessment of the parameters was given. CT and MR findings
      were compared. RESULTS: Histopathological results showed metaplastic synovia in
      all patients and therefore confirmed diagnosis of SC. MR resulted better than CT
      in the evaluation of all parameters except the osteostructural alterations of the
      joints, estimated with more accuracy by CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: CT scan is
      excellent to define bony surfaces of the articular joints and flogistic tissue
      but it fails in the detection of loose bodies when these are not yet calcified.
      MR scan therefore is the gold standard when SC is suspected since it can
      visualize loose bodies at early stage and also evaluate disk condition and
      eventual extra-articular tissues involvement. The use of T2-weighted images and
      contrast medium allows identifying intra-articular fluid, estimating its entity
      and discriminating from sinovial tissue.

PMID- 19969437
TI  - Quantitative determination of pimozide in human plasma by liquid chromatography
      mass spectrometry and its application in a bioequivalence study.
AB  - A simple, sensitive and specific LC-ESI/MS method was developed for the
      determination of pimozide in human plasma. Pimozide and cinnarizine (internal
      standard) were isolated from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction. The
      chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Thermo Hypersil-HyPURITY C18
      reversed-phase column (150mmx2.1mm, i.d., 5microm) with the mobile phase
      consisting of 5mM ammonium acetate (pH 3.5, adjusted with acetic acid)-methanol
      acetonitrile (39:5:56, v/v/v). The lower limit of quantification was 0.02ng/mL,
      and the assay exhibited a linear range of 0.025-12.800ng/mL. The established
      method has been successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 2 pimozide
      formulations in 32 healthy male Chinese volunteers.

PMID- 19969438
TI  - Two- and three-dimensional examination of the stomach (virtual gastroscopy):
      technical note.

PMID- 19969439
TI  - Integrating semantic annotation and information visualization for the analysis of
      multichannel fluorescence micrographs from pancreatic tissue.
AB  - The challenging problem of computational bioimage analysis receives growing
      attention from life sciences. Fluorescence microscopy is capable of
      simultaneously visualizing multiple molecules by staining with different
      fluorescent dyes. In the analysis of the result multichannel images, segmentation
      of ROIs resembles only a first step which must be followed by a second step
      towards the analysis of the ROI's signals in the different channels. In this
      paper we present a system that combines image segmentation and information
      visualization principles for an integrated analysis of fluorescence micrographs
      of tissue samples. The analysis aims at the detection and annotation of cells of
      the Islets of Langerhans and the whole pancreas, which is of great importance in
      diabetes studies and in the search for new anti-diabetes treatments. The system
      operates with two modules. The automatic annotation module applies supervised
      machine learning for cell detection and segmentation. The second information
      visualization module can be used for an interactive classification and
      visualization of cell types following the link-and-brush principle for filtering.
      We can compare the results obtained with our system with results obtained
      manually by an expert, who evaluated a set of example images three times to
      account for his intra-observer variance. The comparison shows that using our
      system the images can be evaluated with high accuracy which allows a considerable
      speed up of the time-consuming evaluation process.

PMID- 19969440
TI  - Reduction of capsule endoscopy reading times by unsupervised image mining.
AB  - The screening of the small intestine has become painless and easy with wireless
      capsule endoscopy (WCE) that is a revolutionary, relatively non-invasive imaging
      technique performed by a wireless swallowable endoscopic capsule transmitting
      thousands of video frames per examination. The average time required for the
      visual inspection of a full 8-h WCE video ranges from 45 to 120min, depending on
      the experience of the examiner. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to WCE
      reading time reduction by unsupervised mining of video frames. The proposed
      methodology is based on a data reduction algorithm which is applied according to
      a novel scheme for the extraction of representative video frames from a full
      length WCE video. It can be used either as a video summarization or as a video
      bookmarking tool, providing the comparative advantage of being general, unbounded
      by the finiteness of a training set. The number of frames extracted is controlled
      by a parameter that can be tuned automatically. Comprehensive experiments on real
      WCE videos indicate that a significant reduction in the reading times is
      feasible. In the case of the WCE videos used this reduction reached 85% without
      any loss of abnormalities.

PMID- 19969441
TI  - Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on previously formed PAH/PSS multilayer: a
      stagnation point optical reflectometry study.
AB  - The method of stagnation point optical reflectometry was applied for
      investigation of adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on previously formed
      poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulphonate) (PAH/PSS)
      multilayer with PAH being a terminal layer. The solid substrate was silica in the
      form of silicon wafers carrying an oxide layer. In order to interpret the
      adsorption of BSA, the build-up mechanism of PAH/PSS multilayers was examined
      with special emphasis on the effect of electrolyte concentration, pH of solution,
      and the anchoring (precursor) layer on that process. Additionally, the effect of
      BSA concentration and of the anchoring layer on BSA adsorption was investigated.
      It was shown that in all investigated systems the adsorption of BSA depends on
      conditions under which the multilayer was formed (ionic strength, pH and presence
      of an anchoring layer), as well as on BSA concentration. It follows that
      adsorption of BSA could be controlled not only by choosing suitable BSA
      concentration, but also by modifying the preformed multilayer.

PMID- 19969442
TI  - Hydrothermal synthesis of histidine-functionalized single-crystalline gold
      nanoparticles and their pH-dependent UV absorption characteristic.
AB  - L-Histidine capped single-crystalline gold nanoparticles have been synthesized by
      a hydrothermal process under a basic condition at temperature between 65 and 150
      degrees C. The produced gold nanoparticles were spherical with average diameter
      of 11.5+/-2.9nm. The synthesized gold colloidal solution was very stable and can
      be stored at room temperature for more than 6 months. The color of the colloidal
      solution can change from wine red to mauve, purple and blue during the acidifying
      process. This color changing phenomenon is attributed to the aggregation of gold
      nanoparticles resulted from hydrogen bond formation between the histidines
      adsorbed on the gold nanoparticles surfaces. This hydrothermal synthetic method
      is expected to be used for synthesizing some other amino acid functionalized gold
      nanomaterials.

PMID- 19969443
TI  - Estimation of an optimal utilisation rate for palliative radiotherapy in newly
      diagnosed cancer patients.
AB  - AIMS: An optimal utilisation rate for palliative radiotherapy in newly diagnosed
      cancers will be useful in the planning and delivery of cancer services and has
      not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion
      of new cases of cancer that should receive palliative radiotherapy as their first
      course of radiotherapy at some time during the course of their illness. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: A previously developed model depicting indications for radiotherapy
      was merged with Australian cancer epidemiological data and re-analysed to
      identify palliative or radical treatment end points. Palliative radiotherapy end
      points were further divided by treatment site. The optimal palliative
      radiotherapy utilisation rates were compared with actual radiotherapy utilisation
      data for newly diagnosed cancers. RESULTS: Fourteen per cent of all new cancer
      cases should optimally receive palliative radiotherapy as their first course of
      radiotherapy treatment. Comparisons with actual radiotherapy utilisation rates
      from New South Wales, Australia, show that for some common cancers, more newly
      diagnosed patients receive palliative radiotherapy as their first radiotherapy
      treatment than would be optimally recommended in this model. This suggests that
      many patients in New South Wales are not currently being referred for curative
      treatment. CONCLUSION: Palliative radiotherapy is optimally recommended as the
      first course of radiotherapy in 14% of all newly diagnosed cancers.

PMID- 19969444
TI  - Radioiodine ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer-none, one dose or two?
AB  - Patients with good prognosis differentiated thyroid cancer are at risk from over
      treatment with radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation. Some with unfavourable
      localised disease might benefit from an elective second dose.

PMID- 19969445
TI  - Effect of isoquinoline alkaloids from two Hippeastrum species on in vitro
      acetylcholinesterase activity.
AB  - The treatment of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases is related
      to the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) through the inhibition of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Galanthamine, an important alkaloid isolated from
      the Amaryllidaceae family, is approved for the pharmacological treatment of
      Alzheimer's disease (AD) and acts by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      activity. In the present study, Ellman's method was used to verify the inhibition
      of AChE activity of some isoquinolines alkaloids such as galanthamine, montanine,
      hippeastrine and pretazettine. At the concentrations 1mM, 500 microm and 100
      microm, galanthamine presented an AChE inhibition higher than 90%. Montanine
      inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, more than 50% of the enzyme at 1mM
      concentration. With the concentrations 500 microm and 100 microm, 30-45% of AChE
      activity inhibition was detected. The alkaloids hippeastrine and pretazettine
      presented no significant inhibition of the AChE activity. The results demonstrate
      that montanine significantly inhibits AChE activity at the tested concentrations,
      suggesting the necessity of further investigations on this alkaloid use in
      treating neurological disorders.

PMID- 19969446
TI  - Tiotropium 5microg via Respimat and 18microg via HandiHaler; efficacy and safety
      in Japanese COPD patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of tiotropium
      inhaled via Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler, a multidose propellant-free inhaler and
      HandiHaler, a single-dose dry powder inhaler, in a phase 2 study of Japanese COPD
      patients. METHODS: Patients with FEV(1)<or=70% predicted, FEV(1)/FVC<or=70% and a
      smoking history of >10 pack-years received tiotropium once daily via Respimat
      (5microg) and HandiHaler (18microg) for 4 weeks each in a randomised, double
      blind, double-dummy, two-way crossover study. Lung function, adverse events,
      pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed. RESULTS: Of 184 patients screened, 134
      were evaluable. The trough FEV(1) response on Day 29 showed Respimat to be non
      inferior to HandiHaler (mean treatment difference, 0.008L; 95% CI, -0.009 to
      +0.024L; p<0.001). Peak and average FEV(1) and FVC responses on Day 1 and Day 29
      were very similar for the two treatments. Tiotropium plasma levels and excretion
      kinetics showed a similar profile of systemic exposure for the two formulations
      of tiotropium. Adverse events were reported by similar numbers of patients on
      each treatment, i.e. 27.9 and 30.6% in the Respimat and HandiHaler groups,
      respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese patients with COPD, tiotropium Respimat
      5microg and tiotropium HandiHaler 18microg showed a similar profile of efficacy,
      safety and pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 19969447
TI  - [F(18)]-fluoroethylcholine combined in-line PET-CT scan for detection of lymph
      node metastasis in high risk prostate cancer patients prior to radical
      prostatectomy: Preliminary results from a prospective histology-based study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of PET/CT using
      ([F(18)]fluorethylcholine (FEC) for lymph node (LN) staging in high risk prostate
      cancer (PCa) patients prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS:
      Twenty patients with localised PCa and > or =20% LN risk according to a published
      nomogram were prospectively enrolled. FEC PET/CT was done minimum 14 d after
      prostate biopsy. Afterwards, open RP and extended pelvic LN dissection (ePLND)
      were performed. Clinical stage, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and biopsy
      Gleason Grading were assessed and histopathological evaluation of the RP
      specimens and dissected LN has been performed. The results from PET/CT were
      compared with LN metastasis according to their anatomical site. RESULTS: Overall,
      285 LN have been removed with a mean number of 15 nodes per patient (7-26). Of
      the 20 patients, 9 men were LN positive (45%), which corresponds to 31 positive
      LN with a mean size of 7 mm (0.8-12 mm). Dissection of the obturator fossa,
      external iliac artery/vein and internal iliac artery/vein revealed 36%, 48% and
      16% of positive LN, respectively. FEC PET/CT did not detect one single positive
      LN, thus was false-negative in 31 metastasis and true negative in 254 LN.
      CONCLUSION: Based on our results which confirmed experience from the previous
      studies, FEC PET/CT scan did not prove to be useful for LN staging in localised
      PCa prior to treatment and should thus not be applied if clinically occult
      metastatic disease is suspected.

PMID- 19969448
TI  - Management of pain in cancer patients with depression and cognitive
      deterioration.
AB  - Patients with cancer are burdened with pain, ranging in prevalence from 14 to
      100% in this population, and with comorbid behavioural symptoms such as
      depression and cognitive decline. However, the complex relationships between
      cancer pain, depression and cognitive decline, as well as their causes, still
      need to be clarified. Here, the existing literature on pain and its relationships
      with depression and cognitive decline in adult patients with cancer is reviewed,
      in order to understand the impact of pain on these interrelated symptoms, and the
      importance of its correct assessment and management. From the literature, it
      emerges that pain in cancer patients has a multidimensional phenomenology, which
      is the final product of a complex process involving emotional, cognitive, and
      sensory components. There is a substantial agreement that cancer patients with
      pain are at higher risk of having depression and cognitive decline. However, it
      is still controversial if these symptoms may fit into the same cluster, due to
      the paucity of studies exploring the simultaneous impact of pain on the
      psychological and cognitive well-being of patients with cancer, which would be
      consequential on their treatment and management. Finally, recent advances in
      immunology/oncology have provided novel insights into the pathophysiologic
      mechanisms supposedly underlying pain-related symptoms. Particularly, immune
      dysfunction may represent a common pathogenic ground of pain, depression and
      cognitive decline in cancer patients. In clinical practice, an appropriate
      assessment of pain should take into account the relationships with depression and
      cognitive decline, in order to develop more personalised and effective therapies
      for its management.

PMID- 19969449
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of eugenol benzoate by immobilized Staphylococcus aureus
      lipase: optimization using response surface methodology and determination of
      antioxidant activity.
AB  - The ability of a non-commercial immobilized Staphylococcus aureus lipase to
      catalyze the esterification of eugenol with benzoic acid was checked and the
      antioxidant power of the ester formed was evaluated. Response surface methodology
      based on four variables (the reaction temperature, the amount of lipase, the
      benzoic acid/eugenol molar ratio and the volume of solvent) was used to optimize
      the experimental conditions of eugenol benzoate synthesis. The maximum conversion
      yield (75%) was obtained using 240 IU of immobilized lipase, a benzoic
      acid/eugenol molar ratio of 1.22 dissolved in 4.6 ml chloroform at 41 degrees
      Celsius. The antioxidant activities of eugenol and its ester were evaluated.
      Compared to BHT, used as a model synthetic antioxidant, the eugenol benzoate
      showed a higher antioxidative activity. The IC(50) value for 1,1-diphenyl-2
      picrylhydrazyl was found to be 18.2 microg/ml versus 20.2 microg/ml for eugenol
      and eugenol benzoate.

PMID- 19969450
TI  - Woody biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production: Technology and
      energy consumption evaluation.
AB  - This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the key technical issues in
      woody biomass pretreatment: barriers to efficient cellulose saccharification,
      pretreatment energy consumption, in particular energy consumed for wood-size
      reduction, and criteria to evaluate the performance of a pretreatment. A post
      chemical pretreatment size-reduction approach is proposed to significantly reduce
      mechanical energy consumption. Because the ultimate goal of biofuel production is
      net energy output, a concept of pretreatment energy efficiency (kg/MJ) based on
      the total sugar recovery (kg/kg wood) divided by the energy consumption in
      pretreatment (MJ/kg wood) is defined. It is then used to evaluate the
      performances of three of the most promising pretreatment technologies: steam
      explosion, organosolv, and sulfite pretreatment to overcome lignocelluloses
      recalcitrance (SPORL) for softwood pretreatment. The present study found that
      SPORL is the most efficient process and produced highest sugar yield. Other
      important issues, such as the effects of lignin on substrate saccharification and
      the effects of pretreatment on high-value lignin utilization in woody biomass
      pretreatment, are also discussed.

PMID- 19969451
TI  - Removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution by sorption into semi
      interpenetrated networks hydrogels constituted of poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide
      methacrylate) and amylose.
AB  - The dynamic remove of Crystal Violet (CV) by Semi-IPN hydrogels constituted of
      poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide-methacrylate) and amylose was studied. Adsorption
      capacity, kinetic and isotherm studies of CV onto hydrogels have been evaluated.
      It was found that the sorption process agreed very well with the Langmuir model
      and the adsorption of CV depended on the length of the side chain, amylose
      content and pH of the solution. For three types of hydrogels, n1-1, n2-1 and n4
      1, the equilibrated amounts of CV adsorbed on the hydrogels decreased in the
      following order: n4-1 (28.6 mg/g)>n2-1 (25.0 mg/g)>n1-1 (20.0mg/g). Increasing
      the amylose content led to decrease the equilibrated amounts of CV adsorbed on
      the hydrogels. Moreover, adsorption kinetic studies showed that the adsorption
      followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the chemical
      adsorption was the rate-limiting step.

PMID- 19969452
TI  - Sulfonylureido thiazoles as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors for the
      treatment of type-2 diabetes.
AB  - Sulfonylureido thiazoles were identified from a HTS campaign and optimized
      through a combination of structure-activity studies, X-ray crystallography and
      molecular modeling to yield potent inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
      Compound 12 showed favorable ADME properties, for example, F=70%, and a robust
      32% glucose reduction in the acute db/db mouse model for Type-2 diabetes.

PMID- 19969453
TI  - Optimization of piperidyl-ureas as inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase.
AB  - Inhibition of sEH is hypothesized to lead to an increase in epoxyeicosatrienoic
      acids resulting in the potentiation of their anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory
      effects. In an effort to explore sEH inhibition as an avenue for the development
      of vasodilatory and cardio- or renal-protective agents, a lead identified through
      high-throughput screening was optimized, guided by the determination of a solid
      state co-structure with sEH. Replacement of potential toxicophores was followed
      by optimization of cell-based potency and ADME properties to provide a new class
      of functionally potent sEH inhibitors with attractive in vitro metabolic profiles
      and high and sustained plasma exposures after oral administration in the rat.

PMID- 19969454
TI  - Proposed structural basis of interaction of piperine and related compounds with
      monoamine oxidases.
AB  - Several studies have revealed piperine and a few related compounds as potent
      inhibitors of monoamine oxidases without delineating the underlying mechanism.
      Using in silico modelling, we propose a structural basis of such activity by
      showing that these compounds can successfully dock into the inhibitor binding
      pockets of human monoamine oxidase isoforms with predicted affinities comparable
      to some known inhibitors. The results therefore suggest that piperine can be a
      promising lead for developing novel monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

PMID- 19969455
TI  - Novel purine and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of PI3 kinase-alpha: Hit to
      lead studies.
AB  - Series of purine and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol
      3-kinases (PI3K) have been prepared. The optimized purine inhibitors show good
      potency in a PI3K p110alpha (PI3K-alpha) fluorescence polarization assay with
      good selectivity versus PI3K p110gamma (PI3K-gamma) and the mammalian target of
      rapamycin (mTOR). The related pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines show potent PI3K-alpha
      and mTOR inhibition with good selectivity versus PI3K-gamma. Representative
      compounds showed activity in a cellular proliferation assay against Caco-2
      colorectal, LoVo colorectal and PC3MM2 prostate adenocarcinoma cancer cells.
      Signaling through the PI3K pathway was confirmed via inhibition of phospho-AKT in
      MDA-361 cells.

PMID- 19969456
TI  - Structure-guided design of alpha-amino acid-derived Pin1 inhibitors.
AB  - The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 is a promising molecular target for
      anti-cancer therapeutics. Here we report the structure-guided evolution of an
      indole 2-carboxylic acid fragment hit into a series of alpha-benzimidazolyl
      substituted amino acids. Examples inhibited Pin1 activity with IC(50) <100nM, but
      were inactive on cells. Replacement of the benzimidazole ring with a naphthyl
      group resulted in a 10-50-fold loss in ligand potency, but these examples
      downregulated biomarkers of Pin1 activity and blocked proliferation of PC3 cells.

PMID- 19969457
TI  - A new benzil derivative from Derris scandens: Structure-insecticidal activity
      study.
AB  - Bioactivity-directed investigation of root extract of Derris scandens has led to
      the isolation and characterization of a new benzil derivative (11), along with
      ten known compounds (1-10). Their structures were determined on the basis of
      extensive spectroscopic (IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) data analysis and by comparison
      with the literature data. The insect antifeedant activity and growth inhibitory
      studies of these compounds were investigated against castor semilooper pest,
      Achaea janata using a no-choice laboratory bioassay. Several of the isolates
      displayed potent feeding deterrence and were also toxic or caused developmental
      abnormalities following topical administration. The new compound, derrisdione A
      was moderately active with an antifeedant index of 58.6+/-1.7% at 10microg/cm(3)
      against A. janata.

PMID- 19969458
TI  - Evaluation of pyrrolin-2-one derivatives synthesized by a new practical method as
      inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).
AB  - We describe in this Letter a new synthetic method for pyrrolin-2-ones as potent
      plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) inhibitors. Pyrrolin-2-one derivatives
      synthesized from N-2-oxoethylamides and aldehydes in aqueous NaOH by one-pot were
      evaluated for their PAI-1 inhibitory activity. Among these derivatives, compounds
      16 and 18 were found to possess potent PAI-1 inhibitory activity (compound 16:
      IC(50): 0.69microM, compound 18: IC(50): 0.65microM).

PMID- 19969459
TI  - Continued exploration of the triazolopyridine scaffold as a platform for p38 MAP
      kinase inhibition.
AB  - The structure based drug design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of
      a series of C6 sulfur linked triazolopyridine based p38 inhibitors are described.
      The metabolic deficiencies of this series were overcome through changes in the C6
      linker from sulfur to methylene, which was predicted by molecular modeling to be
      bioisosteric. X-ray of the ethylene linked compound 61 confirmed the predicted
      binding orientation of the scaffold in the p38 enzyme.

PMID- 19969460
TI  - Physical characteristics and applicability of standard assessment methods in a
      total population of spinal muscular atrophy type II patients.
AB  - The aims of this study were to evaluate muscle strength, functional abilities,
      contractures and Forced Vital Capacity in a population of 54 spinal muscular
      atrophy (SMA) type II patients between the ages of 5 and 70, and to evaluate the
      applicability of conventional assessment methods. The patients were evaluated by
      means of functional scales, muscles tests, joint motion measurement and Forced
      Vital Capacity test. There was a significant score difference in functional tests
      and muscle tests as well as in the sum of contractures between younger
      individuals (<or= 20years) and older individuals (>or= 21years). The functional
      scales were not sensitive enough to differentiate among the most impaired
      persons. A reduced Manual Muscle Test score of the upper limbs was found to
      differentiate more precisely among individuals than a total score derived from
      testing 38 muscle groups. There is a need for clinical tools that can evaluate
      patients with SMA type II of all ages and with severely reduced functional
      abilities.

PMID- 19969461
TI  - Can people with Parkinson's disease improve dual tasking when walking?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Gait disorders in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are
      accentuated when they perform another task simultaneously. This study examines
      whether practice enables people with PD to walk with large steps while performing
      added tasks, and to determine if training people with PD to walk with added
      working memory tasks leads to improvements in gait when walking and performing
      other tasks simultaneously. METHODS: Walking patterns were recorded pre and post
      a 20min dual task training session in 20 people with PD. Participants performed a
      series of 10m walking trials under seven conditions: gait only, and with six
      different added tasks varying by task type (e.g. motor, cognitive), domain (e.g.
      postural, manual manipulation, language, calculation, auditory, visuospatial),
      and difficulty level. Dual task training aimed to improve step length while
      simultaneously undertaking a variety of language and counting working memory
      tasks that were different to those used in assessment. RESULTS: Following
      training, step length increased when performing five of the six added tasks,
      indicating transfer of dual task training when walking occurred across task types
      and domains. Improvements in gait speed occurred in three of the six added tasks.
      When other gait variables were examined, such as step length variability, few
      improvements with training were found. CONCLUSIONS: Training can lead to larger
      steps when walking under dual task conditions in people with PD. The gait
      variable emphasised during dual task training appears to be an important factor
      in enabling the transfer of training improvements across tasks.

PMID- 19969462
TI  - Fluorescence-guided surgery of metastatic brain tumors using fluorescein sodium.
AB  - We aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of fluorescence-guided surgery of
      metastatic brain tumors using fluorescein sodium. The study comprised 38 patients
      with metastatic brain tumors who underwent tumor resection after intravenous
      injection of fluorescein sodium. The local recurrence rate was investigated in 36
      of the 38 patients, and compared for patients who had undergone surgery only and
      surgery plus whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). In 31 of 36 patients, the tumors
      had been completely resected using fluorescence-guided surgery. Postoperative
      WBRT was not performed in 20 of the 31 patients who underwent gross total
      resection. Although the recurrence rate for these 20 patients was 20%, compared
      to 9.1% for the 11 patients who also underwent postoperative WBRT, the difference
      was not statistically significant. Use of fluorescein sodium in metastatic brain
      tumor surgery may reduce the rate of local recurrence, and thus help improve the
      quality of life for these patients.

PMID- 19969463
TI  - Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in anterior and posterior horns of
      the spinal cord after brachial plexus injury.
AB  - This study shows the expression pattern of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
      in the anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord after brachial plexus
      injury. The animals were divided into three injury groups: group 1, right C(7)
      anterior root avulsion; group 2, right C(7) anterior root avulsion and cut right
      C(5)-T(1) posterior roots; and group 3, right C(7) anterior root avulsion plus
      right hemitransection between the C(5) and C(6) segments of the spinal cord.
      These animals were killed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury. In the anterior
      horn of all three injured groups, the expression of CGRP increased progressively
      from day 1 to day 7 (p<0.05), peaked on day 7, and then began to decrease slowly.
      In the posterior horn of all three injured groups, the expression of CGRP
      decreased gradually from day 1 to day 14 after the operation and was
      significantly lower on day 14 compared to day 1. At each time point (days 1, 3, 7
      and 14), the expression of CGRP was the highest in group 1 and the lowest in
      group 2, with significant differences among the three groups. The CGRP in the
      anterior horn of the spinal cord was derived from the cell bodies of motor
      neurons and was possibly involved in repair mechanisms and regeneration after
      nerve injury. However, the CGRP in the posterior horn was mainly derived from the
      posterior root ganglion and was possibly associated with the conduction of
      noxious stimulation.

PMID- 19969464
TI  - Design, synthesis and primary activity assay of bi- or tri-peptide analogues with
      the scaffold l-arginine as amino-peptidase N/CD13 inhibitors.
AB  - A series of bi- or tri-peptide analogues with the scaffold l-arginine were
      designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against amino
      peptidase N (APN) and metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). The primary activity assay
      showed that all the compounds exhibited higher inhibitory activities against APN
      than MMP-2. Within this series, compounds C6 and C7 (IC(50)=4.2 and 4.3microM)
      showed comparable APN inhibitory activities with the positive control bestatin
      (IC(50)=3.8microM).

PMID- 19969465
TI  - Enhancement of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition by C-C multiple bonds-containing
      anilinoquinazolines.
AB  - A series of 4-anilinoquinazolines with C-C multiple bond substitutions at the 6
      position were synthesized and investigated for their potential to inhibit
      epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity. Among the
      compounds synthesized, alkyne 6d and allenes 7d and 7f significantly inhibited
      EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. These compounds inhibited EGF-mediated
      phosphorylation of EGFR in A431 cells, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and
      apoptosis induction. The C-C multiple bonds substituted at the C-6 position of
      the anilinoquinazoline framework were essential for the significant inhibitory
      activity. Compounds with long carbon chains (n=3-6), such as 6c-f, 7c-f, 11, and
      12, displayed prolonged inhibitory activity.

PMID- 19969467
TI  - Stages in tropoelastin coalescence during synthetic elastin hydrogel formation.
AB  - Synthetic human tropoelastin was chemically cross-linked to form elastic hydrogel
      like structures in vitro. Discrete stages were identified during elastic hydrogel
      formation by cross-linking tropoelastin with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate at a
      range of protein concentrations during this process. In the early stages of this
      process, particles with the same dimensions as tropoelastin were seen. As
      hydrogel formation progressed, monomer width fibres were also observed. Overall,
      four distinct stages were identified: (1) tropoelastin monomers form discrete
      particles in the order of 200 nm diameter, (2) these particles merge to form
      larger spheres, (3) spheres coalesce into open linked networks, (4) coalesced
      spheres consolidate to form a porous structure to give synthetic elastin
      hydrogels.

PMID- 19969466
TI  - Identification of triazinoindol-benzimidazolones as nanomolar inhibitors of the
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme TDP-6-deoxy-d-xylo-4-hexopyranosid-4-ulose 3,5
      epimerase (RmlC).
AB  - High-throughput screening of 201,368 compounds revealed that 1-(3-(5-ethyl-5H
      [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio)propyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (SID
      7975595) inhibited RmlC a TB cell wall biosynthetic enzyme. SID 7975595 acts as a
      competitive inhibitor of the enzyme's substrate and inhibits RmlC as a fast-on
      rate, fully reversible inhibitor. An analog of SID 7975595 had a K(i) of 62nM.
      Computer modeling showed that the binding of the tethered two-ringed system into
      the active site occurred at the thymidine binding region for one ring system and
      the sugar region for the other ring system.

PMID- 19969468
TI  - Daily reoxygenation decreases myocardial injury and improves post-ischaemic
      recovery after chronic hypoxia.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In contrast to the clinical evidence, experimental studies showed that
      chronic hypoxia (CH) confers a certain degree of protection against ischaemia
      reperfusion damage. We studied the effects of daily reoxygenation during CH
      (CHReox) on hearts exposed to ischaemia-reperfusion. We also separated the
      intrinsic effects on the myocardium of CH and CHReox from those related to
      circulatory and nervous factors. METHODS: Fifty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were
      maintained for 15 days under CH (10% O(2)) or CHReox (10% O(2)+1 h day(-1)
      exposure to air). Normoxic (N, 21% O(2)) rats were the control. The animals were
      randomly assigned to one of the three following protocols: (1) protocol A: hearts
      (n=7 per group) were subjected to 30-min occlusion of the left anterior
      descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 3-h reperfusion, with measurement of
      the injury by tetrazolium staining; (2) protocol B: the end-diastolic pressure
      (EDP) and left ventricular developed pressure x heart rate (LVDP x HR) were
      measured in Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts (n=5 per group) during 30-min
      global ischaemia and 45-min reperfusion; and (3) protocol C: hearts (n=5 per
      group) were frozen for the determination of levels of endothelial nitric oxide
      synthase (eNOS) by Western blotting. RESULTS: CHReox hearts displayed greater
      phosphorylation of the eNOS and enhanced plasma level of nitrates and nitrites in
      comparison to CH hearts (P<0.0001, Bonferroni's post-test). The infarct size was
      greater in CH than in N hearts (P<0.0001, Bonferroni's post-test) while it was
      reduced in CHReox in comparison to CH and N hearts (P<0.0001). At the end of
      reperfusion, EDP was higher in CH than CHReox and N hearts (P=0.01, Bonferroni's
      post-test) while LVDP x HR was higher in CHReox and N than in CH hearts (P=0.03,
      Bonferroni's post-test). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to CH results in impairment of
      myocardial tolerance to ischaemia-reperfusion, greater injury and reduced
      recovery of performance, in agreement with clinical evidence. Infarct size,
      diastolic contracture and myocardial performance have been reduced, respectively,
      by 63%, 64% and 151% with daily reoxygenation compared with chronic hypoxia by
      accelerating intrinsic adaptive changes.

PMID- 19969469
TI  - Tumour markers predictive of successful treatment of breast cancer with primary
      endocrine therapy in patients over 70 years old: a prospective study.
AB  - We report a prospective study of women over 70 years of age with early breast
      cancer who had primary endocrine treatment. Core biopsies of the cancer were
      taken at diagnosis and assessed using immunohistochemistry for oestrogen receptor
      (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), pS2,
      cyclin D1, p21, p53, HER2 and MIB1 (Ki67). Outcome analysis was performed at a
      median follow-up of 70 months. Correlation was sought between tumour marker
      measurements and disease control. When all patients were considered, a
      significant relationship was found between the absence of ER and PgR, the
      presence of p53 and EGFR, and high MIB1 and treatment failure. However, for the
      ER positive cancers, no other marker predicted treatment failure or relapse.
      There remains an important clinical need to identify those ER positive breast
      cancers that will not respond to endocrine treatment, and those in which the
      response will be short-lived.

PMID- 19969470
TI  - Expression of human cytomegalovirus pp150 gene in transgenic Vicia faba L. and
      immunogenicity of pp150 protein in mice.
AB  - The pp150 gene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was transferred into Vicia faba
      plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Three of five
      hygromycin resistant V. faba plants were identified as positive by PCR and dot
      blot hybridization. The ELISA results indicated that pp150 protein from three
      plants of transformed V. faba leaves and seeds made up 0.005-0.015% of the total
      soluble protein. The results of detection by immunoblot and inhibition of
      immunofluorescent assay (IFA) showed that pp150 soluble protein had immunity
      activity. HCMV pp150-specific antibody (IgG, IgA) and IFN-gamma producing T cells
      were detected in 100% of the mice immunized with pp150 transgenic V. faba seeds
      by ELISA and intracellular staining and flow cytometry analysis, respectively.
      The transgenic V. faba plants will provide new material for the development of
      edible vaccination against HCMV infection.

PMID- 19969471
TI  - Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with pulmonary arterial
      hypertension: an evidence-based review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is an increasing recognition of the potential value of
      cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in patients with pulmonary hypertension
      (PH). Key CPX characteristics in these patients include: (1) a diminished aerobic
      capacity; (2) an abnormally elevated minute ventilation-carbon dioxide production
      relationship; and (3) an abnormally diminished partial pressure of end-tidal
      carbon dioxide. Given the burgeoning number of original research investigations
      utilizing CPX in patients with PH, a summation of the presently available body of
      literature seems timely. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in pubmed
      using "cardiopulmonary exercise testing" and "pulmonary arterial hypertension" as
      key phrases. Only studies conducting exercise testing with simultaneous
      ventilatory expired gas analysis in subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of
      pulmonary arterial hypertension were included. Twenty-three investigations were
      included in this review. Nineteen of the investigations assessed cohorts with
      resting pulmonary arterial hypertension as the sole diagnosis. Two investigations
      assessed subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary
      arterial hypertension: one assessed subjects with pulmonary fibrosis and
      pulmonary arterial hypertension, and another included groups with exercise
      induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and resting pulmonary arterial
      hypertension. RESULTS: Collectively, these investigations indicate variables
      obtained from CPX: (1) reflect varying degrees of PH severity; (2) positively
      respond to several pharmacologic and surgical interventions; and (3) may provide
      prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, CPX is not widely utilized in patients
      with PH. Although more research is required in a number of areas, the present
      evidence-based review indicates this exercise testing technique may provide
      valuable information in the PH population.

PMID- 19969472
TI  - Hypnosis and the control of attention: where to from here?
AB  - Can suggestion, particularly hypnotic suggestion, influence cognition? Addressing
      this intriguing question experimentally is on the rise in cognitive research,
      nowhere more prevalently than in the domain of cognitive control and attention.
      This may well rest on the intuitive connection between hypnotic suggestion and
      attention, where the hypnotist controls the subject's attention. Particularly
      impressive has been the work of Raz and his colleagues demonstrating the
      modulation and even the complete elimination of classic Stroop color-word
      interference when subjects are given a posthypnotic suggestion that words are
      meaningless. Overriding a highly practiced, possibly even automatic response like
      reading is testament to the attentional control that can be exerted under
      (post)hypnotic suggestion. What else do we need to know--in the Stroop context
      and more broadly--to obtain a clear picture of how suggestion can orchestrate
      attention?

PMID- 19969473
TI  - Detection of rheumatoid arthritis using non-specific contrast enhanced
      fluorescence imaging.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a new tool for the
      early detection of inflammatory joint diseases using fluorescence imaging in the
      near-infrared (NIR) spectral range following the intravenous administration of an
      unspecific contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A laser-supported system for
      fluorescence imaging of finger joints was designed and constructed. Five patients
      and a corresponding number of volunteers were examined using 0.1 mg/kg by weight
      of indocyanine green as an unspecific contrast agent. Fluorescence images were
      acquired continuously over a period of 15 minutes. As a control, 1 day before
      optical imaging, all patients and volunteers underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) at 0.2 T. On the basis of MRI findings, all examined
      joints were divided into four groups: no change and mild, moderate, and severe
      synovitis. The emitted fluorescence photons were quantified in different regions
      of interest covering the finger joints and finger tips. The normalized
      fluorescence intensity of contrast agents was compared with MRI findings as a
      proven standard. RESULTS: NIR dyes of the cyanine class are enriched in
      inflammatory joints and show a different kinetic behavior compared to normal
      joints after bolus injection. These findings demonstrate clearly the capability
      of contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging to detect early changes caused by
      rheumatoid arthritis in finger joints. The NIR results were correlated with MRI
      findings (r = 0.84). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging provides
      adequate information for the evaluation of inflammatory involvement of finger
      joints comparable to low-field MRI.

PMID- 19969475
TI  - Repair of arterial injury after blunt trauma in the upper extremity - immediate
      and long-term outcome.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In contrast to upper extremity stab and gunshot wounds, data on
      management and outcome in blunt trauma (BT) are limited by small numbers and
      short follow-up periods. METHODS: This study is a retrospective data analysis.
      All patients who had undergone arterial repair after upper-limb BT were included.
      Exclusion criteria were artery ligation and/or primary limb amputation. Endpoints
      included the following: peri-operative death, limb salvage, primary and secondary
      patency, vascular re-operation and/or intervention. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients
      (71 male; median age: 34.6 years, range: 2.5-81.7) underwent reconstruction of 96
      arteries after BT since 1989: subclavian (n=16), axillary (n=22), brachial (n=48)
      and forearm (n=10). Concomitant arm vein lesions were present in 15 patients
      (17%) and accompanying nerve (n=38; 43%) and/or orthopaedic injuries (n=64; 72%)
      in 77 patients (87%). The 30-day mortality rate was 2% with the limb-salvage rate
      being 98%. Six reconstructions occluded during the first week (primary/secondary
      patency rate: 93%/99%). After a median follow-up time of 5.1 years, 67% of the
      patients were followed: There were no secondary amputations and no arterial re
      interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial repair in upper extremity BT has excellent
      early and long-term outcome. In contrast to a significant risk of early
      occlusion, limb loss after repair, late vascular re-intervention and late
      arterial occlusion or stenosis are rare.

PMID- 19969476
TI  - Carotid denervation by adventitial stripping: a promising treatment of carotid
      sinus syndrome?

PMID- 19969474
TI  - Modified ankle-brachial index detects more patients at risk in a Finnish primary
      health care.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Despite peripheral arterial disease (PAD), defined as ankle-brachial
      index (ABI)<or=0.9, being an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity
      and mortality, it is rarely used in the primary care. Various definitions for PAD
      (i.e., ABI<or=0.9 or ABI<or=0.95) exist. In addition, a modified ABI (ABI(mod))
      using the lowest ankle pressure improves identification of patients at risk. The
      prevalence of PAD in primary care and association of different ABI calculations
      with atherosclerotic disease burden is not known. DESIGN: The research was
      conducted as a prospective cross-sectional study. Finnish health centres and 99
      general practitioners were selected and trained for ABI measurement. Consecutive
      patients were recruited using inclusion criteria: age 50-69 years and one or more
      cardiovascular risk factors or age >or=70 years or calf pain during exercise. A
      total of 817 patients were recruited. METHODS: Research methods included
      interview and Doppler measurement of brachial and ankle pressures. RESULTS: An
      ABI(mod)<or=0.9 yielded the highest prevalence of PAD (47.7%), had the best
      sensitivity and identified the highest number of patients with coronary artery
      disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), PAD, CAD/CVD/PAD and polyvascular
      disease (PVD) at the cost of reduced specificity. All ABI calculations were
      independently associated with atherosclerotic disease burden. Interestingly,
      ABI>or=1.4 had the strongest association with CVD. CONCLUSIONS: PAD is highly
      prevalent among patients presenting to primary care. ABI(mod) calculation detects
      more number of patients at risk at the cost of reduced specificity. The
      association of high ABI with CVD noted in this study warrants future research for
      validation.

PMID- 19969477
TI  - Iatrogenic pneumomediastinum with extensive subcutaneous emphysema after
      endodontic treatment: report of 2 cases.
AB  - Pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema is a relatively rare complication
      of dental treatment. The most common dental etiology of this complication is the
      introduction of air via the air-turbine handpiece during surgical extraction of
      an impacted tooth, but this complication is very rare after nonsurgical
      endodontic treatment. We report herein 2 cases of massive pneumomediastinum and
      cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema that developed after opening an access
      cavity for endodontic retreatment. We describe its etiologies and guidelines for
      the prevention of this complication during nonsurgical endodontic treatment.

PMID- 19969478
TI  - Clinical analysis of Castleman disease (hyaline vascular type) in parotid and
      neck region.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze a single institution's experience
      in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Castleman disease (hyaline
      vascular type) in the parotid and neck region. STUDY DESIGN: From 2004 to 2008, a
      total of 10 consecutive patients with Castleman disease (hyaline vascular type)
      in the parotid and neck region underwent surgery were included in this
      retrospective study. The preoperative examinations, clinical diagnosis, surgical
      treatment, and prognosis were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients,
      4 were males and 6 female; their age ranged from 13 to 54 years with a mean of
      26.6 years. The lesion occurred in the parotid region in 3 patients, in the neck
      region in 5 patients, and in both the parotid and neck regions in 2 patients.
      Their course of disease ranged from 3 months to 48 months with a mean of 12.5
      months; 70% of the patients (7 out of 10) had a course of disease of <12 months.
      The patients always had no obvious complaint, and the laboratory examinations
      were almost within the normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging/angiography were
      valuable on clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis. All patients underwent
      surgical removal of the masses completely. During the follow-up period, which
      ranged from 9 months to 60 months with a mean of 38.9 months, no recurrence of
      the lesion occurred, and the quality of life of each patient was good.
      CONCLUSIONS: Castleman disease (hyaline vascular type) in the parotid and neck
      region is rare, with clinical manifestation and physical examination the same as
      benign lesions. There is no specific indication in the laboratory tests and
      imaging examinations; however, magnetic resonance imaging/angiography has
      potential value on clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Surgical
      resection is the choice of treatment with good prognosis.

PMID- 19969479
TI  - Papillary synovial metaplasia-like change in oral mucoceles: a rare and
      previously undescribed histopathologic variant of a common oral lesion.
AB  - The development of synovial membrane-like structures has been described
      previously only in association with breast implants, the bone-cement interface of
      hip prostheses, tendon implants, testicular implants, and traumatized skin.
      Previous investigators have theorized that this phenomenon-referred to as
      "synovial metaplasia"-develops in response to gliding trauma. In some cases,
      these lesions can exhibit a papillary growth pattern. We report 2 unusual cases
      of oral mucoceles exhibiting papillary synovial metaplasia-like change: the first
      arising in the lower lip of an 11-year old African-American boy and the second in
      the lower lip of a 12-year-old European-American girl. We propose that these
      cases represent a rare and previously undescribed histopathologic variant of the
      oral mucocele. These lesions should be distinguished from other oral lesions that
      may exhibit a papillary cystic growth pattern.

PMID- 19969480
TI  - Management of crown-root fracture tooth by intra-alveolar transplantation with
      180-degree rotation and suture fixation.
AB  - Teeth with traumatic crown-root fractures extending subgingivally and involving
      the entire width of the tooth may have problems in endodontic isolation,
      periodontal maintenance, and restoration. A number of techniques, such as crown
      lengthening, and orthodontic or surgical extrusion, have been described for
      treatment of crown-root fractures. However, all of these techniques have
      limitations in terms of the extended time required for treatment, cost, and
      esthetic considerations. Intra-alveolar transplantation is an alternative
      treatment option in the management of complicated crown-root fractures. We
      describe a case of intra-alveolar transplantation with 180( degrees ) rotation
      and suture fixation. At 1-year follow-up, the replanted tooth has normal function
      and no obvious inflammatory root resorption on radiographic examination.

PMID- 19969481
TI  - Attachment of cultured fibroblasts and ultrastructural analysis of simulated
      cervical resorptions treated with high-power lasers and MTA.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the fibroblast attachment and the
      morphologic changes of simulated cervical root resorptions after irradiation with
      high-power lasers and the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). STUDY DESIGN:
      Standardized cavities were done on the coronal third of 40 single-rooted teeth
      and assigned into 4 groups according to the treatment applied: (1) untreated
      control, (2) use of MTA, (3) irradiation with Er:YAG laser (42 mJ, 10 Hz, 10 s),
      and (4) irradiation with high-power diode laser (1 W, 10 s). Fragments were
      prepared for SEM analysis: 6 samples of each group were plated with human
      gingival fibroblasts and 4 samples were used for ultrastructural analysis.
      RESULTS: The cells' attachment was in decreasing order: G3 > G4 > G1> G2, with
      statistical differences among all groups (P < .05). The samples irradiated with
      Er:YAG exhibited roughness on the dentinal surface, no smear layer, and open
      dentinal tubules; those irradiated with diode laser exhibited a smooth surface,
      more smear layer, and closed dentinal tubules; and the control group showed high
      amount of smear layer and closed dentin tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Irradiation with
      Er:YAG and diode lasers caused morphologic changes on the dentinal surfaces of
      simulated resorptions that favored cells' adhesion. MTA showed lower
      biocompatibility than irradiated groups but allowed cells' adhesion.

PMID- 19969482
TI  - Shaping ability of nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated S-shaped root
      canals.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of 4 nickel
      titanium rotary techniques and 1 hand technique in simulated S-shaped curved root
      canals. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-five simulated double-curved resin root canals were
      divided into 5 groups (n = 15). The canals were compared at 12 different levels
      and at 3 different times: before preparation and after preparation to master
      apical 25 and 35. Data were statistically analyzed by performing 2-by-2
      comparisons with the Tukey parametric test of variance analysis using a
      confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS: All of the 75 resin blocks presented
      transportation of the root canals by transforming the apical curvature into a
      straight zone and straightening the first curvature. When increasing the diameter
      from 25 to 35, both curvatures were straightened. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the
      conditions of this study, we can say that the flexibility of the instruments is
      inversely related with the transportation of the root canals, and that in the
      double-curved root canals, the apical curvature is always straightened.

PMID- 19969483
TI  - A decrease in the innate immune response to infection in the presence of root
      canal sealers.

PMID- 19969484
TI  - Effects of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on nasal dimensions
      using acoustic rhinometry.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of surgically
      assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) on nasal dimensions using acoustic
      rhinometry. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-seven patients ranging in age from 18 to 53
      years were evaluated as having a maxillary transverse deficiency larger than 7
      mm, a bilateral cross-bite, and no evidence of nasal obstruction. All patients
      underwent evaluation of the nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry both before and 6
      months after SARME. The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate minor cross-sectional
      areas (MCA) and the nasal volume of the right and left nasal cavities, and these
      parameters were measured with and without the application of topical nasal
      decongestant before and after SARME. RESULTS: In comparison with preoperative
      measurements, minor cross-sectional areas and nasal volumes were significantly
      larger after SARME. There was a statistically significant difference associated
      with the use of nasal decongestant; the minor cross-sectional areas and nasal
      volume of the right and left nasal cavities were smaller when nasal decongestants
      were not used. CONCLUSIONS: Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion
      increases the minor cross-sectional areas and volume of the nasal cavities.
      Acoustic rhinometry is an objective method for evaluating the geometry of the
      nasal cavity in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency.

PMID- 19969486
TI  - Odontogenic tumors in Dakahlia, Egypt: analysis of 82 cases.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to analyze the frequency and distribution of
      different types of odontogenic tumors in Dakahlia, Egypt, and to compare them
      with various reports from other parts of the world. STUDY DESIGN: Records of the
      Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology Departments, Faculty of
      Dentistry, Mansoura University, with histologic diagnosis of odontogenic tumors
      (based on the World Health Organization classification, 2005), during a 15-year
      period, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 82 cases of odontogenic tumors were
      reported. Of these, (96.3%) were benign and (3.7%) were malignant. Ameloblastoma
      (41.5%) was the most frequent type, followed by keratocystic odontogenic tumor
      (19.5%), odontoma (13.4%), and odontogenic myxoma (8.5%). The mean age of the
      patients was 29.57 years, with a wide range (4-80 years). CONCLUSIONS:
      Odontogenic tumors show a definite geographic variation. In Dakahlia, Egypt,
      ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor are the most frequent
      odontogenic tumors, with distinct anatomic predilections.

PMID- 19969485
TI  - Autogenous coronoid process pedicled on temporal muscle grafts for reconstruction
      of the mandible condylar in patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of autogenous
      coronoid process pedicled on temporal muscle grafts (ACPTMG) for reconstruction
      of the mandible condyle, and to compare the differences in clinical effects with
      autogenous free coronoid process grafts (AFCPG) in patients with
      temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. STUDY DESIGN: From 2003 to 2005, 48
      patients who were diagnosed with uni- or bilateral TMJ ankylosis were randomly
      divided into 2 groups: group A(24 cases, 28 joints) and group B(24 cases, 30
      joints). All patients underwent operations for resection of condyle and
      surrounding bony masses and simultaneous recreation of the glenoid fossa, which
      was followed with, for group A, condylar reconstruction using ACPTMG and, for
      group B, AFCPG, as well as interposition of temporal muscle myofascial flaps or
      native articular disc. The pre- and postoperative interinsicial opening values
      and mouth-opening deviation were measured, and decrease in height of mandible
      ramus was analyzed by panoramic radiographs. RESULTS: All patients showed
      apparent improved joint function except 1 patient of group B, who showed signs of
      reankylosis of the joint (<20 mm mouth opening). Radiographic examination and 3
      dimensional computerized tomography both showed the grafts to be well attached to
      the ramus in their original positions and adaptive remodeling in both groups, but
      relatively more evident bony resorption was noted in group B. The mean
      measurement of mouth-opening deviation and postoperative decrease in height of
      mandible ramus in group B were significantly higher than in group A. CONCLUSIONS:
      Satisfactory clinical outcomes show that both ACPTMG and AFCPG seem to be
      alternative and promising methods in the treatment of TMJ bony ankylosis.
      Compared with AFCPG, the advantages of ACPTMG include less bony resorption and
      better long-term clinical outcomes.

PMID- 19969487
TI  - Use of autologous fat graft for correction of facial asymmetry stemming from
      Parry-Romberg syndrome.
AB  - Facial hemiatrophy is a typical manifestation of Parry-Romberg syndrome,
      characterized by a slow progressive atrophy that appears in early stages of life,
      primarily affecting the subcutaneous tissue and subjacent fat on 1 side of the
      face. We describe the case of a 42-year-old female patient with stabilized
      moderate facial hemiatrophy on the left side of the face, successfully treated
      with a 2-stage autologous fat transplant and the use of subcutaneous tunnels
      among the musculature for the placement of the graft. We also describe the
      principal forms of correcting facial asymmetry in patients with Parry-Romberg
      syndrome and demonstrate that an autologous fat graft provides good results in
      the correction of this deformity, with improved esthetics and patient
      satisfaction.

PMID- 19969488
TI  - Gorham-Stout syndrome: a rare clinical entity and review of literature.
AB  - Gorham-Stout syndrome is a very rare bone condition of unknown etiology. It is
      characterized by the spontaneous onset of bone resorption. Bones that previously
      appeared normal begin to resorb, partially or completely. Sometimes only a thin
      shell of cortical bone remains, and there is usually a little replacement by
      fibrous tissue. This process can continue for years but may stop spontaneously.
      Bone loss can occur in one bone or spread to soft tissue and adjacent bones.
      Although the disease may strike any of the bones of the body, it is more often
      recognized earlier when the calvarium and/or the mandible are involved. Because
      of its rarity, the disorder often goes unrecognized, and lack of agreement on how
      best to treat Gorham-Stout syndrome can delay the provision of treatment. We
      report the case of a 58-year-old man whose left body and ramus of mandible had
      disappeared as a result of massive osteolysis.

PMID- 19969489
TI  - Biological properties of a neutralized 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of
      neutralizing a 2.5% NaOCl solution on its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and tissue
      dissolving potential. STUDY DESIGN: The cytotoxicity and the genotoxicity of
      Dakin, a 2.5% NaOCl solution, and a neutralized 2.5% NaOCl solution were assessed
      according to ISO 10993 standards. The weight of palatal mucosa samples placed in
      neutralized 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl was recorded over time as well as the pH of
      the solutions. RESULTS: The neutralized 2.5% NaOCl solution was 10-fold more
      cytotoxic than the 2.5% NaOCl solution. None of the solutions was genotoxic. The
      2.5% NaOCl solution had a better tissue-dissolving capacity than the neutralized
      2.5% NaOCl solution. The pH of the 2.5% NaOCl solution and neutralized 2.5% NaOCl
      solution decreased from 12 to 9 and from 7.5 to 5.6, respectively. CONCLUSION:
      Neutralizing a 2.5% NaOCl solution increased its cytotoxicity, did not induce any
      genotoxic effect, and reduced its tissue-dissolving ability.

PMID- 19969490
TI  - Nasopharyngeal teratoma associated with cleft palate in newborn: report of 2
      cases.
AB  - Teratoma is a true neoplasm that consists of tissues from all 3 embryonic germ
      layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Nasopharyngeal teratoma is very rare
      and accounts for only 2% of all teratomas. We present 2 cases of nasopharyngeal
      teratomas associated with cleft palate in newborns. The first case was a mushroom
      like teratoma arising from the base of the sphenoid bone with cleft soft palate.
      This case was unique and interesting because no earlier paper has reported a
      teratoma with such a clinical feature. The second case was a teratoma from the
      nasal septum of an incomplete cleft palate. The combination of the mass and cleft
      palate made oral feeding difficult. Complete intraoral resection was performed in
      both cases. Typical components of true teratoma were identified by microscopic
      examination after operation. Cleft palate reconstruction was performed before 1
      year. Clinical follow-up continues, and no recurrence has been observed to date.

PMID- 19969491
TI  - The metaplastic variant of Warthin tumor of the parotid gland: dynamic multislice
      computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings with
      histopathologic correlation in a case.
AB  - Metaplastic Warthin tumor is a rarely seen subtype of Warthin tumor. It can
      resemble squamous carcinomas histopathologically, because it contains atypical
      squamous cells on the necrotic surface. Making a diagnosis can become easier by
      knowing this entity of Warthin tumor well and by correlating the radiologic
      findings with pathology. In this case presentation, imaging features of a
      metaplastic Warthin tumor are presented together with its histopathologic
      findings. When a solid mass with peripheral enhancing cystic-necrotic component
      and well defined contour and capsule that shows early enhancement and washout is
      identified with imaging methods in parotid gland, metaplastic Warthin tumor
      should be indicated in the differential diagnosis before the histopathologic
      evaluation.

PMID- 19969492
TI  - Proteinase-activated receptor (PAR1) polymorphic variant correlates with
      thrombocytopenia in Gaucher disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Gaucher disease is safe and
      effectively corrects hepatosplenomegaly and hypersplenism; however,
      thrombocytopenia, may not normalize. Platelet proteinase-activated receptors
      (PARs) are signaling effectors in response to inflammation; PAR1 expression is
      down-regulated during inflammation and may be associated with thrombocytopenia.
      Accumulation of undegraded lipids in macrophages in Gaucher disease induces a
      chronic state of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to describe PAR1
      polymorphic genotypes in patients with Gaucher disease and ascertain whether
      these are correlated with platelet counts. METHODS: Helsinki Committee approval
      was received for this study. Blood samples were taken from 80 patients with non
      neuronopathic disease, some on ERT, and from 44 healthy Jewish controls. PAR1
      polymorphisms IVS[-14(A/T)], and [-506(I/D)] and [-1426(C/T)] were analyzed.
      Patient data were collected from the files. Associations between PAR1 and
      categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests;
      assessment of associations with quantitative variables used ANOVA and Scheffe
      post-hoc for multiple pair-wise comparisons. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA
      was used when one category was small. All tests were 2-tailed; p values </= 0.05
      were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was a statistically
      significant difference (p=0.015) between patients and controls for [-1426(C/T)]TT
      genotype. There was no significant correlation for [-1426(C/T)] with disease
      severity, need for ERT, splenectomy, or presence of bone disease; rather, there
      was a significant correlation between lower platelet counts (p=0.0003) and the [
      1426(C/T)]TT genotype and a trend for correlation with inflammation markers
      (p=0.079). There was a statistically significant correlation for [-506(I/D)]II
      genotype with femoral neck bone density (p=0.034). All patients carried the wild
      type for IVS[-14(A/T)]. CONCLUSION: The [-1426(C/T)] polymorphic variant of PAR1
      is associated with thrombocytopenia in Gaucher disease.

PMID- 19969493
TI  - Variable bandwidth filtering for magnetic resonance imaging with pure phase
      encoding.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging with pure phase encoding (sometimes known as single
      point or constant time imaging) has many desirable advantages, but is usually
      time consuming in comparison to frequency encoding methods. In single point
      imaging the maximum signal bandwidth is proportional to both the phase-encoding
      gradient amplitude and the object size. It is usual practice to set the
      acquisition filter bandwidth to the maximum value expected during a measurement.
      Hence the filtering employed in this kind of measurement is not optimal for the
      low frequency k-space points. An optimal way to set the filter bandwidth is
      presented in this study. By reducing the filter bandwidth to match the point
      sampled in k-space, the inherent SNR is improved and this, in turn, may be used
      to reduce the number of signal averages required for acceptable SNR. The variable
      bandwidth filter offers a theoretical SNR increase of 41%. This paper shows the
      results of its application and comparison with fixed low-pass filtering.
      Practical measurements show a gain of 20% in SNR, which would translate into a
      31% reduction in averaging time required for a single image without any
      detrimental effects on the image quality.

PMID- 19969494
TI  - STD-DOSY: A new NMR method to analyze multi-component enzyme/substrate systems.
AB  - A new approach to analyze multi-component Saturation Transfer Difference (STD)
      NMR spectra by combining the STD and the DOSY experiment is proposed. The
      resulting pulse sequence was successfully used to simplify an exemplary multi
      component protein/substrate system by means of standard DOSY processing methods.
      Furthermore, the same experiment could be applied to calculate the ratio of
      saturated substrate molecules and its saturation rate in the case of competitive
      interactions. This ratio depends on the strength of this interaction between the
      substrates and the protein, so that this kind of information could be extracted
      from the results of our experiment.

PMID- 19969495
TI  - Slice profile effects in 2D slice-selective MRI of hyperpolarized nuclei.
AB  - This work explores slice profile effects in 2D slice-selective gradient-echo MRI
      of hyperpolarized nuclei. Two different sequences were investigated: a Spoiled
      Gradient Echo sequence with variable flip angle (SPGR-VFA) and a balanced Steady
      State Free Precession (SSFP) sequence. It is shown that in SPGR-VFA the
      distribution of flip angles across the slice present in any realistically shaped
      radiofrequency (RF) pulse leads to large excess signal from the slice edges in
      later RF views, which results in an undesired non-constant total transverse
      magnetization, potentially exceeding the initial value by almost 300% for the
      last RF pulse. A method to reduce this unwanted effect is demonstrated, based on
      dynamic scaling of the slice selection gradient. SSFP sequences with small to
      moderate flip angles (<40 degrees ) are also shown to preserve the slice profile
      better than the most commonly used SPGR sequence with constant flip angle (SPGR
      CFA). For higher flip angles, the slice profile in SSFP evolves in a manner
      similar to SPGR-CFA, with depletion of polarization in the center of the slice.

PMID- 19969496
TI  - [Imported Tinea cruris (glutealis) caused by Trichophyton rubrum var.
      raubitschekii: the third case in Spain].

PMID- 19969497
TI  - Bartonella bacilliformis, endemic pathogen of the Andean region, is intrinsically
      resistant to quinolones.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To analyze the sequence of the region involved in the development of
      quinolone resistance of the gyrA and parC genes in a series of Bartonella
      bacilliformis isolates recovered prior to the introduction of quinolones, as well
      as one clinical isolate recovered in the 1970s, establishing the susceptibility
      levels to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. METHODS: Five B. bacilliformis were
      studied: four isolated before 1957, prior to the introduction of quinolones in
      clinical practice. The remaining strain was isolated in 1977. A fragment of the
      gyrA and parC genes was amplified and sequenced. Susceptibility to nalidixic acid
      and ciprofloxacin was established by the E-test method. RESULTS: All the strains
      were resistant to nalidixic acid (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >256
      mg/l). Three isolates presented decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and two
      were highly resistant (MIC >32 mg/l). All the strains presented an Ala at
      position 91 of GyrA and position 85 of ParC. CONCLUSIONS: B. bacilliformis
      presents a constitutive resistance to quinolones, which may be related to the
      presence of Ala at position 91 of GyrA and 85 of ParC. These results advise
      against the current clinical guidelines recommending the use of ciprofloxacin to
      treat bartonellosis in some countries of the Andean area.

PMID- 19969498
TI  - Leishmaniasis of the eyelid mimicking an infundibular cyst and review of the
      literature on ocular leishmaniasis.
AB  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infection caused by protozoa belonging to the genus
      Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by sandflies. Reservoirs are represented
      by dogs, mice, rats, and wild rodents. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is usually
      characterized by a single, polymorphous lesion located in an uncovered area. We
      report a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis localized on the left upper eyelid in a
      36-year-old woman. The disease was characterized by a single, asymptomatic
      nodule, which was clinically diagnosed as an inflammatory infundibular cyst. The
      lesion was excised surgically. Histopathological examination showed an
      inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells.
      Several Leishmania spp amastigotes were observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages.
      Culture examination on Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium was positive for Leishmania
      spp. PCR was positive for Leishmania infantum. No relapses were observed during
      follow-up (17 months). The purpose of this report is to emphasize the
      changeability of clinical presentation in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 19969499
TI  - [Cartography and risk management in radiotherapy: A collaborative work of the
      department of radiotherapy and the department of quality and risk management at
      the Jean-Godinot Institute].
AB  - PURPOSE: To deploy an inductive process for radiotherapy risk management in a
      regional cancer centre and to infer the actions required to solve the situations
      of criticality. METHODS: Close collaboration between the department of radiation
      oncology-biophysics and the department of quality and risk management in the same
      institution allowed to create a multiprofessional and multidisciplinary task
      force and to make the experience feedback easier. A preliminary risk analysis
      method was used to identify the generic dangers, the mapping of risks and the
      specification of the scales of criticality. This method helped to evaluate and to
      rate each apprehended event. Four scales have been defined: seriousness scale in
      five levels, likelihood scale in five classes, endeavour scale in four levels and
      criticality scale in three categories: acceptable (criticality 1) tolerable under
      control (criticality 2) and unacceptable (criticality 3). RESULTS: Fifty-seven
      level 1 dangerous situations linked to 78 scenarios of criticality acceptable,
      tolerable and unacceptable in 24, 44 and 10 cases respectively have been
      identified in the department of radiotherapy leading to carry out 28 risk
      reduction actions. CONCLUSIONS: The performed risk analysis offered an original
      frame for a collective thinking among the care providers and contributed to
      modify their mode of conceiving both security and radioprotection. The study
      allowed us to give a relevant answer to the High Authority of Health and the
      Authority of Nuclear Security demands either in terms of efficient management of
      the risks in radiotherapy or regarding the daily concerns of the caregivers.

PMID- 19969500
TI  - Displacement of death in public space by lay people using the automated external
      defibrillator.
AB  - This paper reports on a study where a technology, the Automated External
      Defibrillator (AED), enables a socially troubling death in public space to be
      moved to a more acceptable location. This was a qualitative study, using semi
      structured interviews with lay (non-medical) people, in a variety of locations,
      who had been trained to use an AED. The AED, and its use by lay people, means
      that the time and place of death from heart attack can be changed from a location
      like a railway station or shopping centre to the ambulance or hospital. Thus the
      lay people involved can act as what Timmermans (1999) terms 'death brokers'.

PMID- 19969502
TI  - Study on beta-cyclodextrin inclusion of Zn(II) aromatic complex and its
      analytical application.
AB  - A new beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion compound Zn(2H1NA)(2)x 2beta-CD
      (2H1NA=2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid) was prepared. The structure was characterized
      by (1)H NMR, IR, the fluorescence spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA)
      and elementary analysis. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the formation of the
      supramolecular system (2H1NA:Zn(II):beta-CD) was studied and discussed by
      spectrofluorimetry. The results showed that the naphthalene rings of the Zn(II)
      aromatic complex Zn(2H1NA)(2) were encapsulated within the beta-CD's cavity to
      form a 2:1 stoichiometry host-guest compound. The inclusion constant calculated
      was 1.27 x 10(4)(L/mol)(2). A spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of
      2H1NA in bulk aqueous solution in the presence of beta-CD was developed based on
      the great enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of 2H1NA. The linear
      relationship was obtained in the range of 9.00 x 10(-7) to 2.50 x 10(-5)mol/L and
      the detection limit was 8.00 x 10(-7)mol/L. The proposed method was successfully
      applied to determine 2H1NA in waste water with recoveries of 97-104%.

PMID- 19969501
TI  - Medial frontal cortex: from self-generated action to reflection on one's own
      performance.
AB  - It was suggested over 20 years ago that the supplementary motor cortex is
      involved in self-generated behaviour. Since then, there have been many studies
      using electrophysiology and brain imaging of the role of the supplementary motor
      cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. In light of the findings, the proposal that
      these regions are crucial for self-generated action has recently been challenged.
      Here, we review the recent literature and argue that the proposal survives the
      findings. We further argue that it can be generalised to cover reflection on
      mental states. Finally, we suggest that the pattern of anatomical connections is
      consistent with the proposal that the medial frontal cortex is crucially involved
      in self-generated action and self-reflection.

PMID- 19969503
TI  - Genomic Sequence Variation Markup Language (GSVML).
AB  - OBJECTIVE: With the aim of making good use of internationally accumulated genomic
      sequence variation data, which is increasing rapidly due to the explosive amount
      of genomic research at present, the development of an interoperable data exchange
      format and its international standardization are necessary. Genomic Sequence
      Variation Markup Language (GSVML) will focus on genomic sequence variation data
      and human health applications, such as gene based medicine or pharmacogenomics.
      DESIGN AND METHOD: We developed GSVML through eight steps, based on case analysis
      and domain investigations. By focusing on the design scope to human health
      applications and genomic sequence variation, we attempted to eliminate ambiguity
      and to ensure practicability. We intended to satisfy the requirements derived
      from the use case analysis of human-based clinical genomic applications. Based on
      database investigations, we attempted to minimize the redundancy of the data
      format, while maximizing the data covering range. We also attempted to ensure
      communication and interface ability with other Markup Languages, for exchange of
      omics data among various omics researchers or facilities. The interface ability
      with developing clinical standards, such as the Health Level Seven Genotype
      Information model, was analyzed. RESULTS: We developed the human health-oriented
      GSVML comprising variation data, direct annotation, and indirect annotation
      categories; the variation data category is required, while the direct and
      indirect annotation categories are optional. The annotation categories contain
      omics and clinical information, and have internal relationships. For designing,
      we examined 6 cases for three criteria as human health application and 15 data
      elements for three criteria as data formats for genomic sequence variation data
      exchange. The data format of five international SNP databases and six Markup
      Languages and the interface ability to the Health Level Seven Genotype Model in
      terms of 317 items were investigated. CONCLUSION: GSVML was developed as a
      potential data exchanging format for genomic sequence variation data exchange
      focusing on human health applications. The international standardization of GSVML
      is necessary, and is currently underway. GSVML can be applied to enhance the
      utilization of genomic sequence variation data worldwide by providing a
      communicable platform between clinical and research applications.

PMID- 19969504
TI  - Stromal cell heterogeneity in lymphoid organs.
AB  - Although the role of stromal cells has not been clearly defined, these cells have
      been described as forming the extracellular matrix in all lymphoid organs. Their
      important role in facilitating the development of immune cells in the thymus and
      bone marrow has long been known. In contrast, stromal cells have been found in
      secondary lymphoid organs and it has been shown that they are important mediators
      during organogenesis. More recently, their important function in the guidance and
      survival of immune cells has been documented. Here, we describe the important
      role of stromal cells within secondary lymphoid organs and highlight the fact
      that the immunological function of stromal cells is site-specific and unique in
      each lymphoid organ.

PMID- 19969505
TI  - "The heat is on": rapid microcalorimetric detection of mycobacteria in culture.
AB  - Detection of mycobacterial infection can be achieved by different means; however,
      culture-based methods remain the gold standard. In this paper, we present a new
      culture-based method using real-time microcalorimetric detection of growth of
      Mycobacterium species including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microcalorimetric
      detection of heat production by 6 different growing species of Mycobacterium was
      achieved between 20 and 310h depending on their type (fast vs. slow-growing
      mycobacteria) and initial concentration. This study demonstrates that
      microcalorimetric detection of mycobacterial growth is a potential advantageous
      alternative to methods using fluorescent or radiolabeled growth indicators.

PMID- 19969506
TI  - Qualitative analysis of hippocampal plastic changes in rats with epilepsy
      supplemented with oral omega-3 fatty acids.
AB  - Studies have provided evidence of the important effects of omega-3 fatty acid on
      the brain in neurological conditions, including epilepsy. Previous data have
      indicated that omega-3 fatty acids lead to prevention of status epilepticus
      associated neuropathological changes in the hippocampal formation of rats with
      epilepsy. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has resulted in extensive
      preservation of GABAergic cells in animals with epilepsy. This study investigated
      the interplay of these effects with neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic
      factor (BDNF). The results clearly showed a positive effect of long-term omega-3
      fatty acid supplementation on brain plasticity in animals with epilepsy. Enhanced
      hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF levels and preservation of interneurons
      expressing parvalbumin were observed. Parvalbumin-positive cells were identified
      as surviving instead of newly formed cells. Additional investigations are needed
      to determine the electrophysiological properties of the newly formed cells and to
      clarify whether the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on brain plasticity are
      accompanied by functional gain in animals with epilepsy.

PMID- 19969507
TI  - Relationship between surgeon volume and adverse outcomes after RYGB in
      Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is technically demanding surgery performed on high
      risk patients. Previous studies using administrative databases have shown a
      relationship between surgeon volume and patient outcome after Roux-en-Y gastric
      bypass (RYGB). We examined the relationship between surgeons' annual RYGB volumes
      and 30-day patient outcomes at 10 centers within the United States. METHODS: The
      Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS)-1 is a prospective study
      examining the 30-day adverse outcomes after bariatric surgery. The outcomes after
      RYGB were adjusted by procedure type (open versus laparoscopic), functional
      status, body mass index, history of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and
      obstructive sleep apnea. The data were examined to determine the nature and
      strength of the association between surgeon volume and patients' short-term (30
      day) adverse outcomes after RYGB. RESULTS: The analysis included 3410 initial
      RYGB operations performed by 31 surgeons, 15 of whom averaged <50 cases annually.
      The crude composite adverse outcome (i.e., death, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary
      embolism, reintervention or nondischarge at day 30) incidence was 5.2%. After
      risk adjustment, a greater surgeon RYGB volume was associated with lower
      composite event rates, with a continuous relationship (i.e., varying cutpoints
      differentiated the composite event rates), such that for each 10-case/yr increase
      in volume, the risk of a composite event decreased by 10%. CONCLUSION: In the
      LABS, the patient's risk of an adverse outcome after RYGB decreased significantly
      with the increase in surgeon RYGB volume (cases performed annually).

PMID- 19969508
TI  - Comparison study of conventional laparoscopic gastric banding versus
      laparoendoscopic single site gastric banding.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic gastric banding is commonly performed using 5-6
      abdominal trocars with enlargement of the largest trocar for implantation of the
      subcutaneous port. The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes of
      conventional laparoscopic gastric banding with those of gastric banding performed
      through a single or duel incision. METHODS: From April 2008 to May 2009, 23
      patients underwent laparoscopic gastric banding through a single, 3.5-4.5-cm
      incision with implantation of the port through the same incision. The 2 study
      cohorts were matched for age, gender, and body mass index. The outcome measures
      included the operative time, blood loss, need for conversion to 5-trocar
      laparoscopy, and perioperative morbidity. RESULTS: Each group included 6 men and
      17 women. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups with regard
      to preoperative body mass index (40 versus 39 kg/m(2)), operative time, blood
      loss, or length of hospital stay. Of the 23 patients in the single incision
      group, 3 (13%) required conversion to conventional 5-trocar laparoscopy. No
      intraoperative or postoperative complications developed in either group.
      CONCLUSION: The present results have shown that in a subset of patients with a
      lower body mass index, adjustable gastric banding performed through a single
      laparoscopic incision is technically feasible and safe and does not prolong the
      operative time. The procedure can be performed with mostly existing ports,
      laparoscopic instrumentation, and visualization platforms. A prospective
      randomized trial is necessary to determine the clinical advantages of this less
      invasive technique.

PMID- 19969509
TI  - Nanostructured polypyrrole-coated anode for sun-powered microbial fuel cells.
AB  - Sun-powered or photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) offer a novel approach
      for producing electrical power in a CO(2)-free self-sustainable manner in the
      absence of organic fuel. Recent discovery that cyanobacteria display electrogenic
      activity under illumination emphasized the need to develop improved anode
      materials capable of harvesting electrons directly from photosynthetic cultures.
      Here, we showed that nanostructured electrically conductive polymer polypyrrole
      substantially improved the efficiency of electron collection from photosynthetic
      biofilm in PMFCs. Nanostructured fibrillar polypyrrole showed better performance
      than granular polypyrrole. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy analyses
      revealed that better performance of nanostructured anode materials was due to the
      substantial improvement in electrochemical properties including higher redox
      current and lower interface electron-transfer resistance. At loading density of
      3mg/cm(2), coating of anode with fibrillar polypyrrole resulted in a 450%
      increase in the power density compared to those reported in our previous studies
      on PMFCs that used the same photosynthetic culture.

PMID- 19969510
TI  - Quantitative analysis of biomarkers, drugs and toxins in biological samples by
      immunoaffinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or tandem mass
      spectrometry: A focused review of recent applications.
AB  - Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), mass spectrometry and especially tandem mass
      spectrometry (MS/MS) represent the most efficient and reliable analytical
      techniques for specific isolation, unequivocal identification and accurate
      quantification of numerous natural and synthetic substances in biological
      samples. This review article focuses on the combined use of these outstanding
      methodologies in basic and clinical research and in life sciences for the
      quantitative analysis of low- and high-molecular mass biomarkers, drugs and
      toxins in urine, plasma or serum samples, in tissue and other biologicals systems
      published in the last decade. The analytes discussed in some detail include the
      biomarkers of oxidative stress 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) {15(S)-8-iso
      PGF(2alpha)} and 3-nitrotyrosine, the major urinary metabolite of the lipid
      mediators cysteinyl leukotrienes, i.e., the leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)), melatonin,
      and the major collagen type II neoepitope peptide in human urine.

PMID- 19969512
TI  - Lung cancer presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms: a tricky diagnosis.

PMID- 19969511
TI  - New specific molecular targets for radio-chemotherapy of rectal cancer.
AB  - Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer often receive preoperative radio
      chemotherapy (RCT). The mechanisms of tumour response to radiotherapy are not
      understood. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of RCT on gene
      expression in rectal tumour and normal rectal tissue. For that purpose tissue
      samples from 21 patients with resectable adenocarcinomas were collected for use
      in whole genome-microarray based gene expression analysis. A factorial
      experimental design allowed us to determine the effect of RCT on tumour tissue
      alone by removing the effect of radiation on normal tissue. This resulted in 1327
      differentially expressed genes in tumour tissue with p<0.05. In addition to known
      markers for radio-chemotherapy, a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed a
      significant enrichment in gene sets associated with cell adhesion and leukocyte
      transendothelial migration. The profound change of cell adhesion molecule
      expression in rectal tumour tissue could either increase the risk of metastasis,
      or decrease the tumour's invasive potential.

PMID- 19969513
TI  - Treatment of intractable enterocutaneous fistula with an island pedicled
      anterolateral thigh flap in Crohn's disease--case report.
AB  - Attempts to treat intractable enterocutaneous fistulae secondary to Crohn's
      disease are challenging and have been associated with long delays. An island
      pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been shown to achieve adequate
      coverage of abdominal wall reconstruction. In this case, with the assistance of a
      well-vascularised flap and adequate medical supportive managements, the
      intractable enterocutaneous fistula was closed; it then healed progressively.

PMID- 19969514
TI  - Dysphagia after an L-shaped reconstruction technique of the free jejunum graft.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The free jejunum graft is a well-established reconstruction technique
      after total laryngopharyngectomy. However, besides necrosis of the jejunum graft,
      the two most important complications are pharyngocutaneous fistula formation and
      dysphagia due to stricture formation. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop an L
      shaped reconstruction technique of the free jejunum graft to decrease
      pharyngocutaneous fistula formation and long-term stricture formation after total
      laryngopharyngectomy. METHODS: An L-shaped side-to-end anastomosis was performed
      at the proximal end of the jejunum graft in six patients treated for piriform
      sinus carcinoma. Patient and operation characteristics and follow-up were
      recorded. RESULTS: A successful jejunum transfer was performed in all six
      patients. No pharyngocutaneous fistula or stricture formation occurred during a
      median follow-up of 23 months (range: 18-30 months). Swallowing rehabilitation
      started at the median 12th postoperative day (range: 5-150 days). Four patients
      developed dysphagia at a median of 2 months (range: 1-6 months) after oral intake
      was started. X-barium swallow revealed a redundant pouch of the transferred
      jejunum graft, which resulted in compression on the jejunum interposition during
      swallowing. In three patients, an operation was required to resolve these
      problems. After the revision operation, no dysphagia occurred during a median
      follow-up of 12 months (range: 7-13 months). CONCLUSIONS: Because of dysphagia
      complaints in the majority of our patients, we cannot recommend the described
      technique and should find other means to improve direct postoperative results and
      long-term quality of life in this difficult-to-treat group of patients.

PMID- 19969515
TI  - Demand management in plastic surgery for low priority procedures: the Welsh
      experience.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Health Commission Wales (Specialist Services) [HCW] are responsible
      for resource allocation and demand management in plastic surgery for the
      population of Wales (2.9 M). Since 2004, all low priority plastic surgery
      referrals have been screened by a single HCW Case Officer against clinical
      inclusion criteria before the referral is passed to the provider. Only patients
      fulfilling these criteria proceed to an outpatient appointment, although there is
      an appeals procedure. Revised guidelines were introduced in 2006. Our aim was to
      investigate the effectiveness of the process and the impact of the revised
      criteria. METHODS: The Case Officer's database was used to determine numbers of
      index procedures referred and those disallowed before and after the policy
      change. RESULTS: Since 2004 9,654 referrals have been screened. In 2005-6, 32.5%
      failed to meet the inclusion criteria and were disallowed. In the year after the
      policy revision fewer low priority patients were referred (1720 vs. 2013) and
      more (46.6%) were declined. Body contouring / abdominoplasty were particularly
      affected with 73.2% not compliant with funding criteria. CONCLUSION: The Welsh
      model is an efficient, effective and equitable system for demand management,
      which amounts to thousands of requests per year. After 2006, tighter guidelines
      have resulted in a higher proportion of patients not meeting the criteria for
      funding, particularly for body contouring / abdominoplasty procedures.
      Difficulties remain however in determining reproducible and clinically
      appropriate criteria for patients seeking plastic surgery following massive
      weight-loss. Whilst this process streamlines the provision of NHS plastic surgery
      for the people of Wales, there is a potential impact on specialist training.

PMID- 19969516
TI  - The smart phone: an indispensable tool for the plastic surgeon?

PMID- 19969517
TI  - Tissue engineering with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs): current and future
      applications.
AB  - Soft-tissue loss presents an ongoing challenge in plastic and reconstructive
      surgery. Standard approaches to soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous
      tissue flaps, autologous fat transplantation and alloplastic implants. All of
      these approaches have disadvantages, including donor-site morbidity, implant
      migration and absorption and foreign body reaction. Stem cell application has
      recently been suggested as a possible novel therapy. Adipose-derived stem cells
      (ADSCs) are an abundant, readily available population of multipotent progenitor
      cells that reside in adipose tissue, which is an easily accessible and abundant
      source of putative stem cells for translational clinical research. Their
      therapeutic use in pre-clinical studies and experimental clinical trials has been
      well documented. We present the current strategies of tissue engineering with
      ADSC and we discuss the possible future applications of this new method in the
      field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Complete understanding of the
      mechanisms of interactions among adipose stem cells, growth factors and
      biomaterials in tissue engineering is still lacking. Adipose tissue stem cell
      based regenerative strategies hold tremendous promise, although this potential
      must be balanced against stringent standards of scientific and clinical
      investigation, before developing 'off-the-shelf' tissue engineering products.

PMID- 19969518
TI  - Chloroplast proteomics and the compartmentation of plastidial isoprenoid
      biosynthetic pathways.
AB  - Recent advances in the proteomic field have allowed high-throughput experiments
      to be conducted on chloroplast samples. Many proteomic investigations have
      focused on either whole chloroplast or sub-plastidial fractions. To date, the
      Plant Protein Database (PPDB, Sun et al., 2009) presents the most exhaustive
      chloroplast proteome available online. However, the accurate localization of many
      proteins that were identified in different sub-plastidial compartments remains
      hypothetical. Ferro et al. (2009) went a step further into the knowledge of
      Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast proteins with regards to their accurate
      localization within the chloroplast by using a semi-quantitative proteomic
      approach known as spectral counting. Their proteomic strategy was based on the
      accurate mass and time tags (AMT) database approach and they built up AT_CHLORO,
      a comprehensive chloroplast proteome database with sub-plastidial localization
      and curated information on envelope proteins. Comparing these two extensive
      databases, we focus here on about 100 enzymes involved in the synthesis of
      chloroplast-specific isoprenoids. Well known pathways (i.e. compartmentation of
      the methyl erythritol phosphate biosynthetic pathway, of tetrapyrroles and
      chlorophyll biosynthesis and breakdown within chloroplasts) validate the spectral
      counting-based strategy. The same strategy was then used to identify the precise
      localization of the biosynthesis of carotenoids and prenylquinones within
      chloroplasts (i.e. in envelope membranes, stroma, and/or thylakoids) that remains
      unclear until now.

PMID- 19969519
TI  - Copper delivery by the copper chaperone for chloroplast and cytosolic copper/zinc
      superoxide dismutases: regulation and unexpected phenotypes in an Arabidopsis
      mutant.
AB  - Copper (Cu) is an important mineral nutrient found in chloroplasts as a cofactor
      associated with plastocyanin and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD).
      Superoxide dismutases are metallo-enzymes found in most oxygenic organisms with
      proposed roles in reducing oxidative stress. Several recent studies in
      Arabidopsis have shown that microRNAs and a SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein
      like7 (SPL7) transcription factor function to down-regulate the expression of
      many Cu-proteins, including Cu/ZnSOD in both plastids and the cytosol, during
      growth on low Cu. Plants contain the Cu Chaperone for SOD (CCS) that delivers Cu
      to Cu/ZnSODs, and, in Arabidopsis, both cytosolic and plastidic CCS versions are
      encoded by one gene. In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CCS
      transcript levels are regulated by Cu, mediated by microRNA 398 that was not
      previously predicted to target CCS. The microRNA target site is conserved in CCS
      of Oryza sativa. The data suggest that Cu-regulated microRNAs may have more mRNA
      targets than was previously predicted. A CCS null mutant has no measurable SOD
      activity in the chloroplast and cytosol, indicating an absolute requirement for
      CCS. When the CCS null mutant was grown on high Cu media, it lacked both Fe
      superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and Cu/ZnSOD activity. However, this did not lead to
      a visual phenotype and no photosynthetic deficiencies were detected, even after
      high light stress. These results indicate that Cu/ZnSOD is not a pivotal
      component of the photosynthetic anti-oxidant system during growth in laboratory
      conditions.

PMID- 19969521
TI  - Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (UBP14) is involved in root responses to phosphate
      deficiency in Arabidopsis.
AB  - A mutant isolated from a screen of EMS-mutagenized Arabidopsis lines, per1,
      showed normal root hair development under control conditions but displayed an
      inhibited root hair elongation phenotype upon Pi deficiency. Additionally, the
      per1 mutant exhibited a pleiotropic phenotype under control conditions,
      resembling Pi-deficient plants in several aspects. Inhibition of root hair
      elongation upon growth on low Pi media was reverted by treatment with the Pi
      analog phosphite, suggesting that the mutant phenotype is not caused by a lack of
      Pi. Reciprocal grafting experiments revealed that the mutant rootstock is
      sufficient to cause the phenotype. Complementation analyses showed that the PER1
      gene encodes an ubiquitin-specific protease, UBP14. The mutation caused a
      synonymous substitution in the 12th exon of this gene, resulting in a lower
      abundance of the UBP14 protein, probably as a consequence of reduced translation
      efficiency. Transcriptional profiling of per1 and wild-type plants subjected to
      short-term Pi starvation revealed genes that may be important for the signaling
      of Pi deficiency. We conclude that UBP14 function is crucial for adapting root
      development to the prevailing local availability of phosphate.

PMID- 19969520
TI  - Farnesylcysteine lyase is involved in negative regulation of abscisic acid
      signaling in Arabidopsis.
AB  - The Arabidopsis FCLY gene encodes a specific farnesylcysteine (FC) lyase, which
      is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of FC to farnesal and cysteine. In
      addition, fcly mutants with quantitative decreases in FC lyase activity exhibit
      an enhanced response to ABA. However, the enzymological properties of the FCLY
      encoded enzyme and its precise role in ABA signaling remain unclear. Here, we
      show that recombinant Arabidopsis FC lyase expressed in insect cells exhibits
      high selectivity for FC as a substrate and requires FAD and molecular oxygen for
      activity. Arabidopsis FC lyase is also shown to undergo post-translational N
      glycosylation. FC, which is a competitive inhibitor of isoprenylcysteine
      methyltransferase (ICMT), accumulates in fcly mutants. Moreover, the enhanced
      response of fcly mutants to ABA is reversed by ICMT overexpression. These
      observations support the hypothesis that the ABA hypersensitive phenotype of fcly
      plants is the result of FC accumulation and inhibition of ICMT.

PMID- 19969522
TI  - The ARABIDOPSIS accession Pna-10 is a naturally occurring sng1 deletion mutant.
AB  - Sinapoylmalate is the major sinapate ester found in leaves of Arabidopsis
      thaliana, where it plays an important role in UV-B protection. Metabolic
      profiling of rosette leaves from 96 Arabidopsis accessions revealed that the Pna
      10 accession accumulates sinapoylglucose instead of sinapoylmalate. This unique
      leaf sinapate ester profile is similar to that of the previously characterized
      sinapoylglucose accumulator1 (sng1) mutants. SNG1 encodes sinapoylglucose:malate
      sinapoyltransferase (SMT), a serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) enzyme that
      catalyzes the conversion of sinapoylglucose to sinapoylmalate. In the reference
      Columbia genome, the SNG1 gene is located in a cluster of five SCPL genes on
      Chromosome II. PCR and sequencing analysis of the same genomic region in the Pna
      10 accession revealed a 13-kb deletion that eliminates the SNG1 gene (At2g22990)
      and the gene encoding sinapoylglucose:anthocyanin sinapoyltransferase (SAT)
      (At2g23000). In addition to its sinapoylmalate-deficient phenotype, and
      consistent with the loss of SAT, Pna-10 is unable to accumulate sinapoylated
      anthocyanins. Interestingly, the Pna-17 accession, collected from the same
      location as Pna-10, has no such deletion. Further analysis of 135 lines collected
      from the same location as Pna-10 and Pna-17 revealed that four more lines contain
      the deletion found in Pna-10 accession, suggesting that either the deletion found
      in Pna-10 is a recent event that has not yet been eliminated through selection or
      that sinapoylmalate is dispensable for the growth of Arabidopsis under field
      conditions.

PMID- 19969523
TI  - The strawberry fruit Fra a allergen functions in flavonoid biosynthesis.
AB  - The strawberry Fra a 1 allergen is a homolog of the major birch pollen allergen
      Bet v 1. It is synthesized by red ripe fruits of Fragaria x ananassa while white
      fruits of a mutant genotype, which is known to be tolerated by individuals
      affected by allergy, are devoid of it. Proteomic analyses have shown that Fra a 1
      is down-regulated in the tolerated white-fruited genotype along with enzymes of
      the anthocyanin pigment pathway. In this study, we report the spatial and
      temporal expression of three Fra a genes that encode different isoforms, and the
      transient RNAi-mediated silencing of the Fra a genes in strawberry fruits of the
      red-fruited cultivar Elsanta with an ihpRNA construct. As a consequence of
      reduced levels of Fra a mRNAs, fruits were obtained that produced significantly
      decreased levels of anthocyanins and upstream metabolites. This effect is
      consistent with the parallel down-regulation of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase
      (FaPAL) and to a lesser extent of the chalcone synthase (FaCHS) transcript levels
      also found in these fruits. In naturally occurring white-fruited genotypes of F.
      chiloensis and F. vesca, Fra a transcript levels are higher than those of the red
      fruited varieties, likely to compensate for the low expression levels of FaPAL
      and FaCHS in these mutant genotypes. The results demonstrate that Fra a
      expression is directly linked to flavonoid biosynthesis and show that the Fra a
      allergen has an essential biological function in pigment formation in strawberry
      fruit.

PMID- 19969524
TI  - Point-of-care testing for patients with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or coagulation
      disorders in the general practice setting: a systematic review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Point-of-care testing (PoCT) is increasingly being used in the
      general practice setting and has the potential to provide improved health
      outcomes for patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to systematically
      assess the literature relating to the analytical performance, clinical
      effectiveness, cost and satisfaction of patients and health professionals with
      PoCT for monitoring patients with diabetes, with hyperlipidaemia or requiring
      anticoagulant therapy in general practice. METHODS: Systematic review and
      synthesis of randomized and quasi-randomized trials during 1966-2007 was
      performed. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents, BIDS and the Cochrane
      Library databases were searched using key terms relating to PoCT for diabetes
      (glycosylated haemoglobin, urine albumin creatinine ratio), hyperlipidaemia
      (total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein) and anticoagulant
      therapy (international normalized ratio) in the general practice setting.
      RESULTS: Nine papers from six randomized or quasi-randomized trials were included
      in the review. Large between-study heterogeneity made pooling of the data
      inappropriate. In terms of clinical effectiveness, no study found a significant
      difference between PoCT and pathology laboratory testing. There was a similar
      lack of data in relation to the analytical performance of PoCT, to cost outcomes
      and to patient and health professional satisfaction, making conclusions difficult
      to infer. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review does not provide robust evidence
      that PoCT in general practice improves patient health outcomes, that it has
      comparable analytical quality to pathology laboratory testing, that it is cost
      effective compared to usual care or that patients and health professionals find
      PoCT satisfactory. The number of trials is low, the follow-up of patients is
      short and many of the trials did not investigate PoCT as a separate intervention.

PMID- 19969525
TI  - Effects of long-term storage and thermocycling on bond strength of two self
      etching primer adhesive systems.
AB  - The effects of 2 years of storage and 6000 thermocycles on the shear bond
      strength (SBS) of two self-etching adhesive systems were studied. Two self
      etching primer (SEP) systems (Transbond Plus and Beauty Ortho Bond) and one etch
      and rinse system (Transbond XT) were used to bond brackets to 126 human premolars
      that were then stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours or 2 years and
      thermocycled in distilled water before SBS testing with a universal testing
      machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were calculated. Data were
      compared by two-way analysis of variance and chi-square analysis. Enamel/adhesive
      interfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. There was no
      significant difference in the mean SBS for the bonding materials among the three
      conditions. ARI scores showed that Transbond XT and Beauty Ortho Bond had less
      adhesive remaining on the teeth after ageing compared with storage for 24 hours.
      Specimens bonded with Beauty Ortho Bond showed leakage between the resin adhesive
      and enamel after ageing. Both SEP systems produced adequate SBS even after 2
      years or 6000 times thermocycling. Thermocycling is an appropriate technique for
      determining the durability of orthodontic bracket bonding materials.

PMID- 19969526
TI  - Combining the in vivo comet and micronucleus assays: a practical approach to
      genotoxicity testing and data interpretation.
AB  - Despite regulatory directives requiring the reduction of animal use in safety
      testing, recent modifications to genotoxicity testing guidelines now propose the
      use of two in vivo genotoxicity assays as a follow-up to an in vitro positive
      (International Conference on Harmonization Consensus Draft Guidance S2[R1]
      released March, 2008). To address both goals, the in vivo comet and micronucleus
      (MN) assays can be successfully combined into one informative study. Combining
      these two assays with such differences in sensitivity, endpoints measured and the
      type of data generated significantly improves upon the current standard
      capabilities for detecting genotoxicity without requiring additional animals. But
      to take full advantage of the benefits of incorporating the comet assay in safety
      testing, these same differences must be recognized and considered. Developed from
      over 15 years experience using the in vivo comet and MN assays in genotoxicity
      testing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, this paper presents guidelines for the
      appropriate experimental design, dose selection and data interpretation for
      combined in vivo comet/MN assay studies. To illustrate the approach, data from
      combined assay studies are presented and discussed.

PMID- 19969527
TI  - Measuring alcohol-related consequences in school surveys: alcohol-attributable
      consequences or consequences with students' alcohol attribution.
AB  - In alcohol epidemiology surveys, there is a tradition of measuring alcohol
      related consequences using respondents' attribution of alcohol as the cause. The
      authors aimed to compare the prevalence and frequency of self-attributed
      consequences to consequences without self-attribution using alcohol-attributable
      fractions (AAF). In 2007, a total of 7,174 Swiss school students aged 13-16 years
      reported the numbers of 6 alcohol-related adverse consequences (e.g., fights,
      injuries) they had incurred in the past 12 months. Consequences were measured
      with and without attribution of alcohol as the cause. The alcohol-use measures
      were frequency and volume of drinking in the past 12 months and number of risky
      single-occasion (> or =5 drinks) drinking episodes in the past 30 days.
      Attributable fractions were derived from logistic (> or =1 incident) and Poisson
      (number of incidents) regression analyses. Although relative risk estimates were
      higher when alcohol-attributed consequences were compared with nonattributed
      consequences, the use of AAFs resulted in more alcohol-related consequences
      (10,422 self-attributed consequences vs. 24,520 nonattributed consequences
      determined by means of AAFs). The likelihood of underreporting was higher among
      drinkers with intermediate frequencies than among either rare drinkers or
      frequent drinkers. Therefore, the extent of alcohol-related adverse consequences
      among adolescents may be underestimated when using self-attributed consequences,
      because of differential attribution processes, especially among infrequent
      drinkers.

PMID- 19969528
TI  - An exploration of shared genetic risk factors between periodontal disease and
      cancers: a prospective co-twin study.
AB  - Biologic mechanisms underlying associations of periodontal disease with cancers
      remain unknown. The authors propose that both conditions share common genetic
      risk factors. They analyzed associations between baseline periodontal disease,
      measured by questionnaire-recorded tooth mobility, and incident cancers,
      identified by linkage with national registries, between 1963 and 2004 in 15,333
      Swedish twins. The authors used co-twin analyses to control for familial factors
      and undertook analyses restricted to monozygotic twins to further control for
      confounding by genetic factors. They observed 4,361 cancer cases over 548,913
      person-years. After adjustment for covariates, baseline periodontal disease was
      associated with increased risk of several cancers ranging from 15% for total
      cancer (proportional hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI):
      1.01, 1.32) to 120% for corpus uterine cancer (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.18).
      Periodontal disease was also associated with increased risk of colorectal (HR =
      1.62, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.33), pancreatic (HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.75), and
      prostate (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.07) cancers. In co-twin analyses, dizygotic
      twins with baseline periodontal disease showed a 50% increase in total cancer
      risk (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.17), but in monozygotic twins this association
      was markedly attenuated (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.81). Similar patterns emerged
      for digestive tract cancers, suggesting that shared genetic risk factors may
      partially explain associations between periodontal disease and cancers.

PMID- 19969529
TI  - Identification of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer using health maintenance
      organization claims data.
AB  - Cancer registries usually exclude nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), despite the
      large population affected. Health maintenance organization (HMO) and health
      system administrative databases could be used as sampling frames for ascertaining
      NMSC. NMSC patients diagnosed between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 2007,
      from such defined US populations were identified by using 3 algorithms: NMSC
      International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
      (ICD-9-CM) codes, NMSC treatment Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, or
      both codes. A subset of charts was reviewed to verify NMSC diagnosis, including
      all records from HMO-enrollee members in 2007. Positive predictive values for
      NMSC ascertainment were calculated. Analyses of data from 1988-2007 ascertained
      11,742 NMSC patients. A random sample of 965 cases was selected for chart review,
      and NMSCs were validated in 47.0% of ICD-9-CM-identified patients, 73.4% of CPT
      identified patients, and 94.9% identified with both codes. All charts from HMO
      health plan enrollees in 2007 were reviewed (n = 1,116). Cases of NMSC were
      confirmed in 96.5% of ICD-9-CM-identified patients, 98.3% of CPT-identified
      patients, and 98.7% identified with both codes. HMO administrative data can be
      used to ascertain NMSC with high positive predictive values with either ICD-9-CM
      or CPT code, but both codes may be necessary among non-HMO patient populations.

PMID- 19969530
TI  - Between-strain competition in acquisition and clearance of pneumococcal carriage-
      epidemiologic evidence from a longitudinal study of day-care children.
AB  - The state of pneumococcal carriage-that is, pneumococcal colonization in the
      nasopharynx of healthy persons-represents a reservoir for the spread of
      pneumococci among individuals. In light of the introduction of new pneumococcal
      conjugate vaccines, further knowledge on the dynamics of pneumococcal carriage is
      important. Different serotypes (strains) of pneumococcus are known to compete
      with each other in colonizing human hosts. Understanding the strength and mode of
      between-serotype competition is important because of its implications for vaccine
      induced changes in the ecology of pneumococcal carriage. Competition may work
      through reduced acquisition of new serotypes, due to concurrent carriage in the
      individual, or through enhanced clearance of serotypes in carriers who harbor
      more than 1 serotype simultaneously. The authors employed longitudinal data (1999
      2001) on pneumococcal carriage in Danish day-care children to analyze between
      serotype competition. The data included observations of carriage in children who
      had not been vaccinated against pneumococcus, and the level of pneumococcal
      antibiotic resistance and antibiotic usage in the community was very low.
      Clearance of any single serotype was not affected by simultaneous carriage of
      other serotypes. In contrast, acquisition of other serotypes in already-colonized
      hosts was weak (relative rate of acquisition = 0.09, 95% credible interval: 0.05,
      0.15).

PMID- 19969531
TI  - Re: "Vitamin C deficiency in a population of young Canadian adults".

PMID- 19969532
TI  - Arabidopsis thaliana POLYOL/MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTERS 1 and 2: fructose and
      xylitol/H+ symporters in pollen and young xylem cells.
AB  - The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana contains six genes, AtPMT1 to AtPMT6
      (Arabidopsis thaliana POLYOL/MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER 1-6), which form a
      distinct subfamily within the large family of more than 50 monosaccharide
      transporter-like (MST-like) genes. So far, only AtPMT5 [formerly named AtPLT5
      (At3g18830)] has been characterized and was shown to be a plasma membrane
      localized H(+)-symporter with broad substrate specificity. The characterization
      of AtPMT1 (At2g16120) and AtPMT2 (At2g16130), two other, almost identical,
      members of this transporter subfamily, are presented here. Expression of the
      AtPMT1 and AtPMT2 cDNAs in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) revealed that
      these proteins catalyse the energy-dependent, high-capacity transport of fructose
      and xylitol, and the transport of several other compounds with lower rates.
      Expression of their cRNAs in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that both proteins are
      voltage-dependent and catalyse the symport of their substrates with protons.
      Fusions of AtPMT1 or AtPMT2 with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized to
      Arabidopsis plasma membranes. Analyses of reporter genes performed with AtPMT1 or
      AtPMT2 promoter sequences showed expression in mature (AtPMT2) or germinating
      (AtPMT1) pollen grains, as well as in growing pollen tubes, hydathodes, and young
      xylem cells (both genes). The expression was confirmed with an anti-AtPMT1/AtPMT2
      antiserum (alphaAtPMT1/2) raised against peptides conserved in AtPMT1 and AtPMT2.
      The physiological roles of the proteins are discussed and related to plant cell
      wall modifications.

PMID- 19969533
TI  - Transpiration response of 'slow-wilting' and commercial soybean (Glycine max (L.)
      Merr.) genotypes to three aquaporin inhibitors.
AB  - The slow-wilting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotype, PI 416937, exhibits a
      limiting leaf hydraulic conductance for transpiration rate (TR) under high vapour
      pressure deficit (VPD). This genotype has a constant TR at VPD greater than 2
      kPa, which may be responsible for its drought tolerance as a result of soil water
      conservation. However, the exact source of the hydraulic limitation between
      symplastic and apoplastic water flow in the leaf under high VPD conditions are
      not known for PI 416937. A comparison was made in the TR response to aquaporin
      (AQP) inhibitors between PI 416937 and N01-11136, a commercial genotype that has
      a linear TR response to VPD in the 1-3.5 kPa range. Three AQP inhibitors were
      tested: cycloheximide (CHX, a de novo synthesis inhibitor), HgCl(2), and AgNO(3).
      Dose-response curves for the decrease in TR following exposure to each inhibitor
      were developed. Decreases in TR of N01-11136 following treatment with inhibitors
      were up to 60% for CHX, 82% for HgCl(2), and 42% for AgNO(3). These results
      indicate that the symplastic pathway terminating in the guard cells of these
      soybean leaves may be at least as important as the apoplastic pathway for water
      flow in the leaf under high VPD. While the decrease in TR for PI 416937 was
      similar to that of N01-11136 following exposure to CHX and HgCl(2), TR of PI
      416937 was insensitive to AgNO(3) exposure. These results indicate the
      possibility of a lack of a Ag-sensitive leaf AQP population in the slow-wilting
      line, PI 416937, and the presence of such a population in the commercial line,
      N01-11136.

PMID- 19969534
TI  - Real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular systolic
      assessment: side-by-side comparison with 64-slice multi-detector cardiac computed
      tomography.
AB  - AIMS: To investigate by real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) and cardiac
      computed tomography (CCT) the analysis of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF)
      and volumes. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 67 patients (37 males, 55 +/- 11
      years) were studied prospectively by RT3DE and by 64-slice CCT. RT3DE data: LVEF
      ranged from 30 to 78.6% (63.1 +/- 7.33); left ventricular end-diastolic volume
      (LVEDV) from 44.1 to 210 (104.9 +/- 29.7) mL; left ventricular end-systolic
      volume (LVESV) from 11.4 to 149 ( 38.9 +/- 19.3) mL. CCT data: LVEF ranged from
      28 to 86% (66 +/- 8.4); LVEDV from 51 to 212 (110.3 +/- 31.2) mL; LVESV from 7 to
      152 (38.2 +/- 19.2) mL. Correlations relative to RT3DE and CCT were: LVEF (r:
      0.79, P < 0.0001); LVEDV (r: 0.82, P < 0.0001); and LVESV (r: 0.91, P < 0.0001).
      CONCLUSION: It was observed adequate correlation between RT3DE and CCT
      ventricular systolic function and geometry assessment.

PMID- 19969535
TI  - New approach to real-time nucleic acids detection: folding polymerase chain
      reaction amplicons into a secondary structure to improve cleavage of Forster
      resonance energy transfer probes in 5'-nuclease assays.
AB  - The article describes a new technology for real-time polymerase chain reaction
      (PCR) detection of nucleic acids. Similar to Taqman, this new method, named
      Snake, utilizes the 5'-nuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA
      polymerase that cleaves dual-labeled Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)
      probes and generates a fluorescent signal during PCR. However, the mechanism of
      the probe cleavage in Snake is different. In this assay, PCR amplicons fold into
      stem-loop secondary structures. Hybridization of FRET probes to one of these
      structures leads to the formation of optimal substrates for the 5'-nuclease
      activity of Taq. The stem-loop structures in the Snake amplicons are introduced
      by the unique design of one of the PCR primers, which carries a special 5'-flap
      sequence. It was found that at a certain length of these 5'-flap sequences the
      folded Snake amplicons have very little, if any, effect on PCR yield but benefit
      many aspects of the detection process, particularly the signal productivity.
      Unlike Taqman, the Snake system favors the use of short FRET probes with improved
      fluorescence background. The head-to-head comparison study of Snake and Taqman
      revealed that these two technologies have more differences than similarities with
      respect to their responses to changes in PCR protocol, e.g. the variations in
      primer concentration, annealing time, PCR asymmetry. The optimal PCR protocol for
      Snake has been identified. The technology's real-time performance was compared to
      a number of conventional assays including Taqman, 3'-MGB-Taqman, Molecular Beacon
      and Scorpion primers. The test trial showed that Snake supersedes the
      conventional assays in the signal productivity and detection of sequence
      variations as small as single nucleotide polymorphisms. Due to the assay's cost
      effectiveness and simplicity of design, the technology is anticipated to quickly
      replace all known conventional methods currently used for real-time nucleic acid
      detection.

PMID- 19969536
TI  - H-DBAS: human-transcriptome database for alternative splicing: update 2010.
AB  - H-DBAS (http://h-invitational.jp/h-dbas/) is a specialized database for human
      alternative splicing (AS) based on H-Invitational full-length cDNAs. In this
      update, for better annotations of AS events, we correlated RNA-Seq tag
      information to the AS exons and splice junctions. We generated a total of
      148,376,598 RNA-Seq tags from RNAs extracted from cytoplasmic, nuclear and
      polysome fractions. Analysis of the RNA-Seq tags allowed us to identify 90,900
      exons that are very likely to be used for protein synthesis. On the other hand,
      254 AS junctions of human RefSeq transcripts are unique to nuclear RNA and may
      not have any translational consequences. We also present a new comparative
      genomics viewer so that users can empirically understand the evolutionary
      turnover of AS. With the unique experimental data closely connected with
      intensively curated cDNA information, H-DBAS provides a unique platform for the
      analysis of complex AS.

PMID- 19969537
TI  - Mining regulatory 5'UTRs from cDNA deep sequencing datasets.
AB  - Regulatory 5' untranslated regions (r5'UTRs) of mRNAs such as riboswitches
      modulate the expression of genes involved in varied biological processes in both
      bacteria and eukaryotes. New high-throughput sequencing technologies could
      provide powerful tools for discovery of novel r5'UTRs, but the size and
      complexity of the datasets generated by these technologies makes it difficult to
      differentiate r5'UTRs from the multitude of other types of RNAs detected. Here,
      we developed and implemented a bioinformatic approach to identify putative
      r5'UTRs from within large datasets of RNAs recently identified by pyrosequencing
      of the Vibrio cholerae small transcriptome. This screen yielded only
      approximately 1% of all non-overlapping RNAs along with 75% of previously
      annotated r5'UTRs and 69 candidate V. cholerae r5'UTRs. These candidates include
      several putative functional homologues of diverse r5'UTRs characterized in other
      species as well as numerous candidates upstream of genes involved in pathways not
      known to be regulated by r5'UTRs, such as fatty acid oxidation and peptidoglycan
      catabolism. Two of these novel r5'UTRs were experimentally validated using a GFP
      reporter-based approach. Our findings suggest that the number and diversity of
      pathways regulated by r5'UTRs has been underestimated and that deep sequencing
      based transcriptomics will be extremely valuable in the search for novel r5'UTRs.

PMID- 19969538
TI  - Atomistic basis for the on-off signaling mechanism in SAM-II riboswitch.
AB  - Many bacterial genes are controlled by metabolite sensing motifs known as
      riboswitches, normally located in the 5' un-translated region of their mRNAs.
      Small molecular metabolites bind to the aptamer domain of riboswitches with
      amazing specificity, modulating gene regulation in a feedback loop as a result of
      induced conformational changes in the expression platform. Here, we report the
      results of molecular dynamics simulation studies of the S-adenosylmethionine
      (SAM)-II riboswitch that is involved in regulating translation in sulfur
      metabolic pathways in bacteria. We show that the ensemble of conformations of the
      unbound form of the SAM-II riboswitch is a loose pseudoknot structure that
      periodically visits conformations similar to the bound form, and the pseudoknot
      structure is only fully formed upon binding the metabolite, SAM. The rate of
      forming contacts in the unbound form that are similar to that in the bound form
      is fast. Ligand binding to SAM-II alters the curvature and base-pairing of the
      expression platform that could affect the interaction of the latter with the
      ribosome.

PMID- 19969539
TI  - Chain and conformation stability of solid-state DNA: implications for room
      temperature storage.
AB  - There is currently wide interest in room temperature storage of dehydrated DNA.
      However, there is insufficient knowledge about its chemical and structural
      stability. Here, we show that solid-state DNA degradation is greatly affected by
      atmospheric water and oxygen at room temperature. In these conditions DNA can
      even be lost by aggregation. These are major concerns since laboratory plastic
      ware is not airtight. Chain-breaking rates measured between 70 degrees C and 140
      degrees C seemed to follow Arrhenius' law. Extrapolation to 25 degrees C gave a
      degradation rate of about 1-40 cuts/10(5) nucleotides/century. However, these
      figures are to be taken as very tentative since they depend on the validity of
      the extrapolation and the positive or negative effect of contaminants, buffers or
      additives. Regarding the secondary structure, denaturation experiments showed
      that DNA secondary structure could be preserved or fully restored upon
      rehydration, except possibly for small fragments. Indeed, below about 500 bp, DNA
      fragments underwent a very slow evolution (almost suppressed in the presence of
      trehalose) which could end in an irreversible denaturation. Thus, this work
      validates using room temperature for storage of DNA if completely protected from
      water and oxygen.

PMID- 19969540
TI  - Promoter and regulon analysis of nitrogen assimilation factor, sigma54, reveal
      alternative strategy for E. coli MG1655 flagellar biosynthesis.
AB  - Bacteria core RNA polymerase (RNAP) must associate with a sigma factor to
      recognize promoter sequences. Promoters recognized by the sigma(54) (or sigma(N))
      associated RNA polymerase are unique in having conserved positions around -24 and
      -12 nucleotides upstream from the transcriptional start site. Using DNA
      microarrays representing the entire Escherichia coli genome and promoter
      validation approaches, we identify 40 in vivo targets of sigma(54), the nitrogen
      assimilation sigma factor, and estimate that there are 70 sigma(54) promoters in
      total. Immunoprecipitation assays have been performed to further evaluate the
      efficiency of our approaches. In addition, promoter consensus binding search and
      primer extension assay helped us to identify a new sigma(54) promoter carried by
      insB-5 in the upstream of flhDC operon. The involvement of sigma(54) in flagellar
      biosynthesis in sequenced E. coli strain MG1655 indicates a fluid gene regulation
      phenomenon carried by some mobile elements in bacteria genome.

PMID- 19969541
TI  - Phosphate release contributes to the rate-limiting step for unwinding by an RNA
      helicase.
AB  - RNA helicases function in numerous aspects of RNA biology. These enzymes are RNA
      stimulated ATPases that translocate on RNA and unwind or remodel structured RNA
      in an ATP-dependent fashion. How ATP and the ATPase cycle fuel the work performed
      by helicases is not completely clear. The hepatitis C virus RNA helicase, NS3, is
      an important model system for this class of enzymes. NS3 binding to a single
      /double-strand RNA or DNA junction leads to ATP-independent melting of the duplex
      and formation of a complex capable of ATP-dependent unwinding by using a spring
      loaded mechanism. We have established an RNA substrate for NS3 that can be
      unwound in a single sub-step. Our studies are consistent with a model in which a
      single ATP binding and/or hydrolysis event sets the unwinding spring and
      phosphate dissociation contributes to release of the spring, thereby driving the
      power stroke used for unwinding.

PMID- 19969542
TI  - A new type of IRES within gag coding region recruits three initiation complexes
      on HIV-2 genomic RNA.
AB  - Genomic RNA of primate lentiviruses serves both as an mRNA that encodes Gag and
      Gag-Pol polyproteins and as a propagated genome. Translation of this RNA is
      initiated by standard cap dependant mechanism or by internal entry of the
      ribosome. Two regions of the genomic RNA are able to attract initiation
      complexes, the 5' untranslated region and the gag coding region itself. Relying
      on probing data and a phylogenetic study, we have modelled the secondary
      structure of HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV(Mac) coding region. This approach brings to
      light conserved secondary-structure elements that were shown by mutations to be
      required for internal entry of the ribosome. No structural homologies with other
      described viral or cellular IRES can be identified and lentiviral IRESes show
      many peculiar properties. Most notably, the IRES present in HIV-2 gag coding
      region is endowed with the unique ability to recruit up to three initiation
      complexes on a single RNA molecule. The structural and functional properties of
      gag coding sequence define a new type of IRES. Although its precise role is
      unknown, the conservation of the IRES among fast evolving lentiviruses suggests
      an important physiological role.

PMID- 19969543
TI  - Exonic remnants of whole-genome duplication reveal cis-regulatory function of
      coding exons.
AB  - Using a comparative genomics approach to reconstruct the fate of genomic
      regulatory blocks (GRBs) and identify exonic remnants that have survived the
      disappearance of their host genes after whole-genome duplication (WGD) in
      teleosts, we discover a set of 38 candidate cis-regulatory coding exons (RCEs)
      with predicted target genes. These elements demonstrate evolutionary separation
      of overlapping protein-coding and regulatory information after WGD in teleosts.
      We present evidence that the corresponding mammalian exons are still under both
      coding and non-coding selection pressure, are more conserved than other protein
      coding exons in the host gene and several control sets, and share key
      characteristics with highly conserved non-coding elements in the same regions.
      Their dual function is corroborated by existing experimental data. Additionally,
      we show examples of human exon remnants stemming from the vertebrate 2R WGD. Our
      findings suggest that long-range cis-regulatory inputs for developmental genes
      are not limited to non-coding regions, but can also overlap the coding sequence
      of unrelated genes. Thus, exonic regulatory elements in GRBs might be
      functionally equivalent to those in non-coding regions, calling for a re
      evaluation of the sequence space in which to look for long-range regulatory
      elements and experimentally test their activity.

PMID- 19969544
TI  - Auxin regulation of the microRNA390-dependent transacting small interfering RNA
      pathway in Arabidopsis lateral root development.
AB  - MicroRNA (miR)390 cleaves the non-coding TAS3 precursor RNA for the production of
      tasiRNA-ARF, a group of an endogenous trans-acting small-interfering RNAs which
      cleave the transcripts of auxin response factor (ARF) 3/4. miR390-cleaved TAS3
      RNA is polymerized and diced into tasiRNA-ARF by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase6
      (RDR6) and Dicer-like4 (DCL4), respectively. tasiRNA-ARF-dependent post
      transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of ARF3/4 is involved in auxin-mediated
      polarity establishment in the development of aerial lateral organs, such as leaf
      and flower. To understand how auxin regulates ARF4 expression, we examined auxin
      responsiveness of miR390 expression, which comprises a regulatory step for the
      biogenesis pathway of tasiRNA-ARF (the tasiRNA-ARF pathway), in Arabidopsis
      thaliana lateral root (LR) development. The results of this study provide
      evidence that miR390 expression is sensitive to TIR1-dependent transcriptional
      regulation and auxin concentration, and also that mutual negative-regulation
      between the tasiRNA-ARF pathway and ARF4 modulates the spatiotemporal expression
      of ARF4. We propose that, together with auxin concentration sensing through
      miR390 transcription, the tasiRNA-ARF pathway mediates the auxin response and
      ARF4-mediated LR developmental processes.

PMID- 19969545
TI  - DNA structure and the Werner protein modulate human DNA polymerase delta
      dependent replication dynamics within the common fragile site FRA16D.
AB  - Common fragile sites (CFS) are chromosomal regions that exhibit instability
      during DNA replication stress. Although the mechanism of CFS expression has not
      been fully elucidated, one known feature is a severely delayed S-phase. We used
      an in vitro primer extension assay to examine the progression of DNA synthesis
      through various sequences within FRA16D by the replicative human DNA polymerases
      delta and alpha, and with human cell-free extracts. We found that specific cis
      acting sequence elements perturb DNA elongation, causing inconsistent DNA
      synthesis rates between regions on the same strand and complementary strands. Pol
      delta was significantly inhibited in regions containing hairpins and
      microsatellites, [AT/TA](24) and [A/T](19-28), compared with a control region
      with minimal secondary structure. Pol delta processivity was enhanced by full
      length Werner Syndrome protein (WRN) and by WRN fragments containing either the
      helicase domain or DNA-binding C-terminal domain. In cell-free extracts, stalling
      was eliminated at smaller hairpins, but persisted in larger hairpins and
      microsatellites. Our data support a model whereby CFS expression during cellular
      stress is due to a combination of factors--density of specific DNA secondary
      structures within a genomic region and asymmetric rates of strand synthesis.

PMID- 19969546
TI  - A global comparison between nuclear and cytosolic transcriptomes reveals
      differential compartmentalization of alternative transcript isoforms.
AB  - Transcriptome analyses have typically disregarded nucleocytoplasmic differences.
      This approach has ignored some post-transcriptional regulations and their effect
      on the ultimate protein expression levels. Despite a longstanding interest in the
      differences between the nuclear and cytosolic transcriptomes, it is only recently
      that data have become available to study such differences and their associated
      features on a genome-wide scale. Here, we compared the nuclear and cytosolic
      transcriptomes of HepG2 and HeLa cells. HepG2 and HeLa cells vary significantly
      in the differential compartmentalization of their transcript isoforms, indicating
      that nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization is a cell-specific characteristic.
      The differential compartmentalization is manifested at the transcript isoform
      level instead of the gene level because alternative isoforms of one gene can
      display different nucleocytoplasmic distributions. The isoforms enriched in the
      cytosol tend to have more introns and longer introns in their pre-mRNAs. They
      have more functional RNA folds and unique exons in the 3' regions. These isoforms
      are more conserved than the isoforms enriched in the nucleus. Surprisingly, the
      presence of microRNAs does not have a significant impact on the nucleocytoplasmic
      distribution of their target isoforms. In contrast, nonsense-mediated decay is
      significantly more associated with the isoforms enriched in the nucleus than
      those enriched in the cytosol.

PMID- 19969547
TI  - Beyond Affymetrix arrays: expanding the set of known hybridization isotherms and
      observing pre-wash signal intensities.
AB  - Microarray hybridization studies have attributed the nonlinearity of
      hybridization isotherms to probe saturation and post-hybridization washing. Both
      processes are thought to distort 'true' target abundance because immobilized
      probes are saturated with excess target and stringent washing removes loosely
      bound targets. Yet the paucity of studies aimed at understanding hybridization
      and dissociation makes it difficult to align physicochemical theory to microarray
      results. To fill the void, we first examined hybridization isotherms generated on
      different microarray platforms using a ribosomal RNA target and then investigated
      hybridization signals at equilibrium and after stringent wash. Hybridization
      signal at equilibrium was achieved by treating the microarray with isopropanol,
      which prevents nucleic acids from dissolving into solution. Our results suggest
      that (i) the shape of hybridization isotherms varied by microarray platform with
      some being hyperbolic or linear, and others following a power-law; (ii) at
      equilibrium, fluorescent signal of different probes hybridized to the same target
      were not similar even with excess of target and (iii) the amount of target
      removed by stringent washing depended upon the hybridization time, the probe
      sequence and the presence/absence of nonspecific targets. Possible
      physicochemical interpretations of the results and future studies are discussed.

PMID- 19969548
TI  - Translational activation of rpoS mRNA by the non-coding RNA DsrA and Hfq does not
      require ribosome binding.
AB  - At low temperature, translational activation of rpoS mRNA, encoding the
      stationary phase sigma-factor, sigma(S), involves the small regulatory RNA (sRNA)
      DsrA and the RNA chaperone Hfq. The Hfq-mediated DsrA-rpoS interaction relieves
      an intramolecular secondary structure that impedes ribosome access to the rpoS
      ribosome binding site. In addition, DsrA/rpoS duplex formation creates an RNase
      III cleavage site within the duplex. Previous biochemical studies suggested that
      DsrA and Hfq associate with the 30S ribosomal subunit protein S1, which implied a
      role for the ribosome in sRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. Here, we
      show by ribosome profiling that Hfq partitions with the cytoplasmic fraction
      rather than with 30S subunits. Besides, by employing immunological techniques, no
      evidence for a physical interaction between Hfq and S1 was obtained. Similarly,
      in vitro studies did not reveal a direct interaction between DsrA and S1. By
      employing a ribosome binding deficient rpoS mRNA, and by using the RNase III
      clevage in the DsrA/rpoS duplex as a diagnostic marker, we provide in vivo
      evidence that the Hfq-mediated DsrA/rpoS interaction, and consequently the
      structural changes in rpoS mRNA precede ribosome binding. These data suggest a
      simple mechanistic model in which translational activation by DsrA provides a
      translationally competent rpoS mRNA to which 30S subunits can readily bind.

PMID- 19969549
TI  - Optimization of the BLASTN substitution matrix for prediction of non-specific DNA
      microarray hybridization.
AB  - DNA microarray measurements are susceptible to error caused by non-specific
      hybridization between a probe and a target (cross-hybridization), or between two
      targets (bulk-hybridization). Search algorithms such as BLASTN can quickly
      identify potentially hybridizing sequences. We set out to improve BLASTN accuracy
      by modifying the substitution matrix and gap penalties. We generated gene
      expression microarray data for samples in which 1 or 10% of the target mass was
      an exogenous spike of known sequence. We found that the 10% spike induced 2-fold
      intensity changes in 3% of the probes, two-third of which were decreases in
      intensity likely caused by bulk-hybridization. These changes were correlated with
      similarity between the spike and probe sequences. Interestingly, even very weak
      similarities tended to induce a change in probe intensity with the 10% spike.
      Using this data, we optimized the BLASTN substitution matrix to more accurately
      identify probes susceptible to non-specific hybridization with the spike.
      Relative to the default substitution matrix, the optimized matrix features a
      decreased score for A-T base pairs relative to G-C base pairs, resulting in a 5
      15% increase in area under the ROC curve for identifying affected probes. This
      optimized matrix may be useful in the design of microarray probes, and in other
      BLASTN-based searches for hybridization partners.

PMID- 19969550
TI  - Yeast strains with N-terminally truncated ribosomal protein S5: implications for
      the evolution, structure and function of the Rps5/Rps7 proteins.
AB  - Ribosomal protein (rp)S5 belongs to the family of the highly conserved rp's that
      contains rpS7 from prokaryotes and rpS5 from eukaryotes. Alignment of rpS5/rpS7
      from metazoans (Homo sapiens), fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria
      (Escherichia coli) shows that the proteins contain a conserved central/C-terminal
      core region and possess variable N-terminal regions. Yeast rpS5 is 69 amino acids
      (aa) longer than the E. coli rpS7 protein; and human rpS5 is 48 aa longer than
      the rpS7, respectively. To investigate the function of the yeast rpS5 and in
      particular the role of its N-terminal region, we obtained and characterized yeast
      strains in which the wild-type yeast rpS5 was replaced by its truncated variants,
      lacking 13, 24, 30 and 46 N-terminal amino acids, respectively. All mutant yeast
      strains were viable and displayed only moderately reduced growth rates, with the
      exception of the strain lacking 46 N-terminal amino acids, which had a doubling
      time of about 3 h. Biochemical analysis of the mutant yeast strains suggests that
      the N-terminal part of the eukaryotic and, in particular, yeast rpS5 may impact
      the ability of 40S subunits to function properly in translation and affect the
      efficiency of initiation, specifically the recruitment of initiation factors eIF3
      and eIF2.

PMID- 19969551
TI  - Appropriateness of phacoemulsification in Spain.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the appropriateness of phacoemulsification procedures
      performed in four Spanish regions, applying criteria developed by means of
      RAND/UCLA methodology. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING:
      Seventeen public teaching hospitals in four regions of Spain. PARTICIPANTS:
      Patients on waiting list to undergo cataract extraction by phacoemulsification.
      INTERVENTION: Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
      Level of appropriateness of each intervention, according to criteria developed by
      means of the RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology. RESULTS: Among the 5442
      analysed patients the indication of phacoemulsification was appropriate in 69.6%,
      inappropriate in 7.3% and uncertain in 23.0%. Presence of ocular comorbidity,
      lack of cataract-induced visual function limitation, anticipated postoperative
      visual acuity of <0.5, preoperative visual acuity of >0.1 and high surgical
      complexity were associated with inappropriateness. CONCLUSIONS: Some clinical
      characteristics, when present, make it especially important to obtain a careful
      assessment of the risks and benefits of surgery. Consideration of these
      characteristics may improve the appropriateness of phacoemulsification.

PMID- 19969554
TI  - Calories and carcinogenesis: lessons learned from 30 years of calorie restriction
      research.
AB  - Calorie restriction (CR) is arguably the most potent, broadly acting dietary
      regimen for suppressing the carcinogenesis process, and many of the key studies
      in this field have been published in Carcinogenesis. Translation of the knowledge
      gained from CR research in animal models to cancer prevention strategies in
      humans is urgently needed given the worldwide obesity epidemic and the
      established link between obesity and increased risk of many cancers. This review
      synthesizes the evidence on key biological mechanisms underlying many of the
      beneficial effects of CR, with particular emphasis on the impact of CR on growth
      factor signaling pathways and inflammatory processes and on the emerging
      development of pharmacological mimetics of CR. These approaches will facilitate
      the translation of CR research into effective strategies for cancer prevention in
      humans.

PMID- 19969552
TI  - Novel angiogenesis inhibitory activity in cinnamon extract blocks VEGFR2 kinase
      and downstream signaling.
AB  - As a critical factor in the induction of angiogenesis, vascular endothelial
      growth factor (VEGF) has become an attractive target for anti-angiogenesis
      treatment. However, the side effects associated with most anti-VEGF agents limit
      their chronic use. Identification of naturally occurring VEGF inhibitors derived
      from diet is a potential alternative approach, with the advantage of known
      safety. To isolate natural inhibitors of VEGF, we established an in vitro
      tyrosine kinase assay to screen for diet-based agents that suppress VEGFR2 kinase
      activity. We found that a water-based extract from cinnamon (cinnamon extract,
      CE), one of the oldest and most popular spices, was a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2
      kinase activity, directly inhibiting kinase activity of purified VEGFR2 as well
      as mitogen-activated protein kinase- and Stat3-mediated signaling pathway in
      endothelial cells. As a result, CE inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell
      proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro, sprout formation from
      aortic ring ex vivo and tumor-induced blood vessel formation in vivo. Depletion
      of polyphenol from CE with polyvinylpyrrolidone abolished its anti-angiogenesis
      activity. While cinnamaldehyde, a component responsible for CE aroma, had little
      effect on VEGFR2 kinase activity, high-performance liquid chromatography-purified
      components of CE, procyanidin type A trimer (molecular weight, 864) and a
      tetramer (molecular weight, 1152) were found to inhibit kinase activity of
      purified VEGFR2 and VEGFR2 signaling, implicating procyanidin oligomers as active
      components in CE that inhibit angiogenesis. Our data revealed a novel activity in
      cinnamon and identified a natural VEGF inhibitor that could potentially be useful
      in cancer prevention and/or treatment.

PMID- 19969553
TI  - Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress expression of EZH2 in breast
      cancer cells.
AB  - The polycomb group (PcG) protein, enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), is
      overexpressed in several human malignancies including breast cancer. Aberrant
      expression of EZH2 has been associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in
      cancer patients. Despite the clear role of EZH2 in oncogenesis and therapy
      failure, not much is known about chemotherapeutics and chemopreventive agents
      that can suppress its expression and activity. Here, we show that dietary omega-3
      (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can regulate the expression of EZH2
      in breast cancer cells. The treatment of breast cancer cells with omega-3 PUFAs,
      but not omega-6 PUFAs, led to downregulation of EZH2. Studies using proteosome
      inhibitor MG132 suggested that omega-3 PUFAs induce degradation of the PcG
      protein EZH2 through posttranslational mechanisms. Furthermore, downregulation of
      EZH2 by omega-3 PUFAs was accompanied by a decrease in histone 3 lysine 27
      trimethylation (H3K27me3) activity of EZH2 and upregulation of E-cadherin and
      insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, which are known targets of EZH2.
      Treatment with omega-3 PUFAs also led to decrease in invasion of breast cancer
      cells, an oncogenic phenotype that is known to be associated with EZH2. Thus, our
      studies suggest that the PcG protein EZH2 is an important target of omega-3 PUFAs
      and that downregulation of EZH2 may be involved in the mediation of anti
      oncogenic and chemopreventive effects of omega-3 PUFAs.

PMID- 19969555
TI  - Theaflavins target Fas/caspase-8 and Akt/pBad pathways to induce apoptosis in p53
      mutated human breast cancer cells.
AB  - The most common alterations found in breast cancer are inactivation or mutation
      of tumor suppressor gene p53. The present study revealed that theaflavins induced
      p53-mutated human breast cancer cell apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of
      caspase-8 or expression of dominant-negative (Dn)-caspase-8/Fas-associated death
      domain (FADD) partially inhibited apoptosis, whereas caspase-9 inhibitor
      completely blocked the killing indicating involvement of parallel pathways that
      converged to mitochondria. Further studies demonstrated theaflavin-induced Fas
      upregulation through the activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase, Fas-FADD
      interaction in a Fas ligand-independent manner, caspase-8 activation and t-Bid
      formation. A search for the parallel pathway revealed theaflavin-induced
      inhibition of survival pathway, mediated by Akt deactivation and Bcl-xL/Bcl-2
      associated death promoter dephosphorylation. These well-defined routes of growth
      control converged to a common process of mitochondrial transmembrane potential
      loss, cytochrome c release and activation of the executioner caspase-9 and -3.
      Overexpression of either constitutively active myristylated-Akt (Myr-Akt) or Dn
      caspase-8 partially blocked theaflavin-induced mitochondrial permeability
      transition and apoptosis of p53-mutated cells, whereas cotransfection of Myr-Akt
      and Dn-caspase-8 completely abolished theaflavin effect thereby negating the
      possibility of existence of third pathways. These results and other biochemical
      correlates established the concept that two distinct signaling pathways were
      regulated by theaflavins to induce mitochondrial death cascade, eventually
      culminating to apoptosis of p53-mutated human breast cancer cells that are
      strongly resistant to conventional therapies.

PMID- 19969556
TI  - Puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in tobacco-dependent
      adolescents.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Adult and adolescent smokers regulate their nicotine and smoke
      intake by smoking low-yield cigarettes more intensely than high-yield cigarettes.
      One likely mechanism of nicotine regulation is altered puffing topography, which
      has been demonstrated in adult smokers. The purpose of this study was to examine
      the pattern of puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in
      adolescents. METHODS: Tobacco-dependent adolescents (n = 89) were enrolled in a
      treatment trial testing the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy. About 1
      week before their quit date, participants smoked ad libitum one of their usual
      brand of cigarettes during a laboratory session. Smoking topography measures
      included puff volume, puff duration, puff velocity, and interpuff interval.
      RESULTS: Controlling for sex, race, and number of puffs, puff volume and puff
      duration decreased 12.8% and 24.5%, respectively, from the first 3 to the last 3
      puffs. Puff velocity and interpuff interval increased 14.8% and 13.5%,
      respectively. Puff volume was positively correlated with puff duration and puff
      velocity, whereas puff duration and puff velocity were negatively correlated.
      However, none of the topography measures were correlated with smoking history
      variables. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that adolescent smokers, like
      adults, are able to regulate smoke and nicotine intake on a puff-by-puff basis,
      therefore indicating that this aspect of smoking control is acquired early in the
      tobacco-dependence process.

PMID- 19969557
TI  - Adult final height after GH therapy for irradiation-induced GH deficiency in
      childhood survivors of brain tumors: the Belgian experience.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The treatment of brain tumors in childhood is frequently complicated
      by growth retardation with a high proportion of irradiation (Irr)-induced GH
      deficiency (GHD) resulting in reduced adult final height (AFH) even after GH
      therapy (GHT). In order to optimize future GHT protocols, more information on the
      factors influencing the growth response to GH in these children is needed. This
      retrospective study evaluated AFH and influencing auxological and treatment
      factors of a standardized daily biosynthetic GHT in childhood survivors of brain
      tumors with documented GHD after brain Irr. DESIGN AND METHODS: From the Belgian
      GH Registry, 57 children survivors of a brain tumor outside the hypothalamo
      pituitary area with available AFH were stratified into two groups depending on
      cranial (C-Irr; n=25) or craniospinal (CS-Irr; n=32) Irr. RESULTS: In the C-Irr
      patients, results showed an AFH of -0.8 (-2.5, 1.4) SDS (median (range)) and in
      the CS-Irr patients, results showed a significantly (P<0.001) lower AFH of -1.8 (
      4.2, 0.0) SDS. AFH SDS corrected for mid-parental height (MPH) in the C-Irr group
      was -0.5 (-2.2, 0.9) and -1.5 (-3.6, 0.0) SDS in the CS-Irr group. AFH was
      positively correlated with age at end of tumor therapy, height SDS at start GHT,
      height gain SDS first year GHT, and negatively correlated with CS-Irr.
      CONCLUSIONS: GHT failed to restore adult height to MPH in nearly half of Irr
      induced GHD patients for brain tumor, especially those receiving CS-Irr,
      irradiated at a younger age or shorter at start GHT.

PMID- 19969558
TI  - Differential developmental expression of transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6,
      their cofactor FOG-2 and downstream target genes in testicular carcinoma in situ
      and germ cell tumors.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Testicular germ cell cancer is the most common malignancy among young
      males. The pre-invasive precursor, carcinoma in situ testis (CIS), presumably
      originates from arrested and transformed fetal gonocytes. Given that GATA
      transcription factors have essential roles in embryonic and testicular
      development, we explored the expression of GATA-4, GATA-6, cofactor friend of
      GATA (FOG)-2, and downstream target genes during human testis development and
      addressed the question whether changes in this pathway may contribute to germ
      cell neoplasms. METHODS: Fetal testis, testicular CIS, and overt tumor samples
      were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for GATA-4, GATA-6, FOG-2, steroidogenic
      factor 1 (NR5A1/SF1), anti-Mullerian hormone/Mullerian-inhibiting substance
      (AMH), and inhibin-alpha (INHalpha). RESULTS: GATA-4 was not expressed in normal
      germ cells, except for a subset of gonocytes at the 15th gestational week. The
      CIS cells expressed GATA-4 and GATA-6 heterogeneously, whereas most of the CIS
      cells expressed GATA-4 cofactor FOG-2. GATA target gene SF-1 was expressed
      heterogeneously in CIS cells, whereas INHalpha and AMH were mostly negative.
      Seminomas and yolk sac tumors were positive for GATA-4 and GATA-6, but mostly
      negative for FOG-2 and the GATA target genes. In contrast, pluripotent embryonal
      carcinomas and choriocarcinomas were GATA-4 and GATA-6 negative. CONCLUSIONS:
      Differential expression of the GATA-4 target genes suggested cell-specific
      functions of GATA-4 in the germ and somatic cells. The GATA-4 expression in early
      fetal gonocytes, CIS, and seminoma cells but the absence in more mature germ
      cells is consistent with the early fetal origin of CIS cells and suggests that
      GATA-4 is involved in early germ cell differentiation.

PMID- 19969559
TI  - Disseminate time-sensitive research faster.

PMID- 19969561
TI  - Idiopathic small-bowel intussusception in an adult.

PMID- 19969562
TI  - Cases: Cocaine adulterant linked to neutropenia.

PMID- 19969563
TI  - Adapting clinical practice guidelines to local context and assessing barriers to
      their use.

PMID- 19969564
TI  - New direction recommended for isotope production.

PMID- 19969565
TI  - Canadian physicians playing "catch-up" in adopting electronic medical records.

PMID- 19969566
TI  - Two memorable years.

PMID- 19969567
TI  - New United States mammogram guidelines ignite debate.

PMID- 19969568
TI  - Egg-allergic patients gain greater access to H1N1 vaccine after completion of
      clinical trial.

PMID- 19969569
TI  - Alarm grows over management of antibiotic resistance file.

PMID- 19969572
TI  - Holiday review. Writing about colleagues.

PMID- 19969573
TI  - Faux review. A report on the zombie outbreak of 2009: how mathematics can save us
      (no, really).
AB  - An outbreak of zombification wreaked havoc recently in Canada and the rest of the
      world. Mathematical models were created to establish the speed of zombie
      infection and evaluate potential scenarios for intervention, mainly because
      mathematicians don't have anything better to do with their time. We review the
      development of these models and their effect on the undead.

PMID- 19969574
TI  - Holiday review. Snappy answers to stupid questions: an evidence-based framework
      for responding to peer-review feedback.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Authors are inundated with feedback from peer reviewers. Although
      this feedback is usually helpful, it can also be incomprehensible, rude or plain
      silly. Inspired by Al Jaffe's classic comic from Mad Magazine, we sought to
      develop an evidenced-based framework for providing "snappy answers to stupid
      questions," in the hope of aiding emerging academics in responding appropriately
      to feedback from peer review. METHODS: We solicited, categorized and analyzed
      examples of silly feedback from peer reviewers using the grounded theory
      qualitative research paradigm from 50 key informants. The informants represented
      15 different professions, 33 institutions and 11 countries (i.e., Australia,
      Barbados, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland,
      UK and USA). RESULTS: We developed a Scale of Silliness (SOS) and a Scale of
      Belligerence (SOB) to facilitate the assessment of inadequate peer-review
      feedback and guide users in preparing suitable responses to it. The SOB score is
      tempered by users' current mood, as captured by the Mood Reflective Index (MRI),
      and dictates the Appropriate Degree of Response (ADR) for the particular
      situation. CONCLUSION: Designed using the highest quality of (most easily
      accessible anecdotal) evidence available, this framework may fill a significant
      gap in the research literature by helping emerging academics respond to silly
      feedback from peer reviewers. Although use of the framework to its full extent
      may have negative consequences (e.g., loss of promotion), its therapeutic value
      cannot be understated.

PMID- 19969575
TI  - Holiday review. How random is the toss of a coin?
AB  - BACKGROUND: The toss of a coin has been a method used to determine random
      outcomes for centuries. It is still used in some research studies as a method of
      randomization, although it has largely been discredited as a valid randomization
      method. We sought to provide evidence that the toss of a coin can be manipulated.
      METHODS: We performed a prospective experiment involving otolaryngology residents
      in Vancouver, Canada. The main outcome was the proportion of "heads" coin tosses
      achieved (out of 300 attempts) by each participant. Each of the participants
      attempted to flip the coin so as to achieve a heads result. RESULTS: All
      participants achieved more heads than tails results, with 7 of the 13
      participants having significantly more heads results (p<or=0.05). The highest
      proportion of heads achieved was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.73,
      p<0.001). INTERPRETATION: Certain people are able to successfully manipulate the
      toss of a coin. This throws into doubt the validity of using a coin toss to
      determine a chance result.

PMID- 19969577
TI  - Deaths related to the use of prescription opioids.

PMID- 19969578
TI  - Prescribing of opioid analgesics and related mortality before and after the
      introduction of long-acting oxycodone.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Opioid-related mortality appears to be increasing in Canada. We
      examined the true extent of the problem and the impact of the introduction of
      long-acting oxycodone. METHODS: We examined trends in the prescribing of opioid
      analgesics in the province of Ontario from 1991 to 2007. We reviewed all deaths
      related to opioid use between 1991 and 2004. We linked 3271 of these deaths to
      administrative data to examine the patients' use of health care services before
      death. Using time-series analysis, we determined whether the addition of long
      acting oxycodone to the provincial drug formulary in January 2000 was associated
      with an increase in opioid-related mortality. RESULTS: From 1991 to 2007, annual
      prescriptions for opioids increased from 458 to 591 per 1000 individuals. Opioid
      related deaths doubled, from 13.7 per million in 1991 to 27.2 per million in
      2004. Prescriptions of oxycodone increased by 850% between 1991 and 2007. The
      addition of long-acting oxycodone to the drug formulary was associated with a 5
      fold increase in oxycodone-related mortality (p<0.01) and a 41% increase in
      overall opioid-related mortality (p=0.02). The manner of death was deemed
      unintentional by the coroner in 54.2% and undetermined in 21.9% of cases. Use of
      health care services in the month before death was common: for example, of the
      3066 patients for whom data on physician visits were available, 66.4% had visited
      a physician in the month before death; of the 1095 patients for whom individual
      level prescribing data were available, 56.1% had filled a prescription for an
      opioid in the month before death. INTERPRETATION: Opioid-related deaths in
      Ontario have increased markedly since 1991. A significant portion of the increase
      was associated with the addition of long-acting oxycodone to the provincial drug
      formulary. Most of the deaths were deemed unintentional. The frequency of visits
      to a physician and prescriptions for opioids in the month before death suggests a
      missed opportunity for prevention.

PMID- 19969579
TI  - Embrace, don't cope.

PMID- 19969580
TI  - Values-based health care debate, not statistics.

PMID- 19969581
TI  - H1N1 and remote locations.

PMID- 19969582
TI  - Foster care: extend services, save youth.

PMID- 19969583
TI  - Asthma in older adults.

PMID- 19969584
TI  - The big picture of medical transport.

PMID- 19969585
TI  - Fatigue and general practitioners.

PMID- 19969590
TI  - Scared to life.

PMID- 19969588
TI  - Holiday review. Rainy weather and medical school admission interviews.
AB  - Mood can influence behaviour and consumer choice in diverse settings. We found
      that such cognitive influences extend to candidate admission interviews at a
      Canadian medical school. We suggest that an awareness of this fallibility might
      lead to more reasonable medical school admission practices.

PMID- 19969591
TI  - Catatonia and its treatment.
AB  - Psychiatric diagnoses are currently categorized on a syndromic basis. The
      syndrome of catatonia, however, remains in a diagnostic limbo, acknowledged
      predominantly as a subtype of schizophrenia. Yet, catatonia is present in about
      10% of acutely ill psychiatry patients, only a minority of whom have
      schizophrenia. Among those with comorbid affective disorders, who comprise the
      largest subgroup of catatonic patients, the catatonic signs typically resolve
      dramatically and completely with benzodiazepine therapy. Those with schizophrenia
      respond less reliably, suggesting that the underlying processes causing the
      catatonia may be different in this group. The majority of patients with catatonia
      have concurrent psychosis. Failure to treat the catatonia before institution of
      antipsychotic medication may increase the risk of inducing neuroleptic malignant
      syndrome. At this point of time, the pathobiology of catatonia is unknown; the
      major reason for considering catatonia as a separate diagnostic entity would be
      to increase recognition of this eminently treatable neuropsychiatric syndrome.

PMID- 19969592
TI  - Monetary incentives for schizophrenia.

PMID- 19969595
TI  - Measurement of benzodiazepines in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass
      spectrometry: confirmation of samples screened by immunoassay.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Liquid chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
      provides the ability to identify a range of benzodiazepines in accordance with
      European Union criteria and is an attractive method for the confirmation of
      benzodiazepines following immunoassay screening. METHODS: An LC/MS/MS method to
      detect and quantitate the six most common benzodiazepines/metabolites (diazepam,
      nitrazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam and 7-aminonitrazepam) was developed
      together with a qualitative screening method for a further 11
      benzodiazepines/metabolites. These methods were used for confirmation of 250
      urine samples submitted for routine drug screening by immunoassay for
      benzodiazepines (100 samples positive for a benzodiazepine, assay cut-off >200
      microsg/L). RESULTS: The lower limits of detection and quantitation were less
      than 2.5 and 5 microg/L for the six most common benzodiazepines. Recoveries
      ranged between 97% and 102% and calibration curves were linear to at least 4000
      microg/L (r = 0.99). Intra and inter-assay imprecision were <10% (n = 10) and
      <20% (n = 15), respectively. Confirmation of benzodiazepines using LC/MS/MS was
      achieved for 89% of the immunoassay-positive urine samples. Of the immunoassay
      negative urine samples, 31% of these demonstrated a benzodiazepine using
      LC/MS/MS. CONCLUSION: The validated LC/MS/MS method developed is effective for
      the confirmation of immunoassay screening results for benzodiazepines. The lower
      limit of detection and assay specificity offers a longer window of detection and
      more detailed clinical information compared with immunoassay screening.

PMID- 19969594
TI  - Comparative cytotoxicity and intracellular accumulation of five polybrominated
      diphenyl ether congeners in mouse cerebellar granule neurons.
AB  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a group of flame retardants comprising
      209 congeners, have become widespread environmental pollutants. High levels of
      PBDEs have been detected in human tissues, particularly in North America, and
      body burden is especially high in infants and toddlers because of exposure
      through breast milk and house dust. Increasing evidence, provided by animal
      studies, suggests that PBDEs are developmental neurotoxicants, although the
      underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Various PBDEs have been reported to
      cause oxidative stress and to induce apoptotic cell death in several cell types.
      In the present study, we investigated the comparative neurotoxicity in mouse
      cerebellar granule neurons of five brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners,
      chosen among the most commonly found at the highest levels in human tissues. All
      BDE congener tested (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-209) decreased
      cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death, which was prevented by
      antioxidants. They also caused oxidative stress, as indicated by an increase in
      reactive oxygen species and in lipid peroxidation. For all end points measured,
      the potency ranking of the congeners was BDE-100 > BDE-47 > BDE-99 > BDE-153 >>
      BDE-209. Measurement of BDE congener levels in neurons after exposure to
      different concentrations showed a significant accumulation in cells, which
      followed the same relative ranking. The findings suggest that all BDE congeners
      tested exhibit the same general mode of action (induction of oxidative stress
      mediated apoptosis) and that the ability of each isomer to elicit such effects is
      dependent upon their accumulation in neurons, particularly in the microsomal
      fraction and the mitochondria.

PMID- 19969596
TI  - Hypertension is a major risk factor for future atherosclerotic changes in the
      Japanese population.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Great differences in age-standardized mortality rates by
      cardiovascular disease exist among countries. We prospectively assessed
      determinants of future cardiovascular changes in a Japanese cohort. METHODS: In
      1996, 1011 men and 1153 women from a Japanese community participated in a study
      on cardiovascular risk factors at a local health centre. Of these, the 896
      subjects who visited the centre both in 1996 and 2001 were selected for the
      analysis. The presence of cardiovascular changes was defined as the appearance of
      one or more of the following in five years: positive electrocardiographic
      findings, intima-media thickness of the carotid artery >or=0.8 mm and retinal
      vascular changes >or=Keith-Wegener-Barker classification stage I. RESULTS: Of the
      607 subjects who had no history of cardiovascular disease in 1996, 421 showed
      changes in 2001. Both the age-adjusted and multivariate models showed that the
      risk of the cardiovascular changes increased as systolic blood pressure (SBP)
      increased to >or=135 mmHg (multivariate odds ratio = 1.739, 95% confidence
      interval = 1.076-2.810, P < 0.05) compared with those with an SBP of 110-134
      mmHg. When we made the analyses only for laboratory test results by excluding
      SBP, body mass index, alcohol intake and current smoking from the regression
      model, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose were
      significant variables. CONCLUSION: The risk of future cardiovascular changes is
      significantly greater with higher SBP in the Japanese population.

PMID- 19969598
TI  - Fear of minimum alcohol pricing spreading to other countries led to opposition in
      Scotland.

PMID- 19969597
TI  - Drosophila Dystroglycan is a target of O-mannosyltransferase activity of two
      protein O-mannosyltransferases, Rotated Abdomen and Twisted.
AB  - Recent studies highlighted an emerging possibility of using Drosophila as a model
      system for investigating the mechanisms of human congenital muscular dystrophies,
      called dystroglycanopathies, resulting from the abnormal glycosylation of alpha
      dystroglycan. Several of these diseases are associated with defects in O
      mannosylation, one of the most prominent types of alpha-dystroglycan
      glycosylation mediated by two protein O-mannosyltransferases. Drosophila appears
      to possess homologs of all essential components of the mammalian dystroglycan
      mediated pathway; however, the glycosylation of Drosophila Dystroglycan (DG) has
      not yet been explored. In this study, we characterized the glycosylation of
      Drosophila DG using a combination of glycosidase treatments, lectin blots,
      trypsin digestion, and mass spectrometry analyses. Our results demonstrated that
      DG extracellular domain is O-mannosylated in vivo. We found that the concurrent
      in vivo activity of the two Drosophila protein O-mannosyltransferases, Rotated
      Abdomen and Twisted, is required for O-mannosylation of DG. While our experiments
      unambiguously determined some O-mannose sites far outside of the mucin-type
      domain of DG, they also provided evidence that DG bears a significant amount of O
      mannosylation within its central region including the mucin-type domain, and that
      O-mannose can compete with O-GalNAc glycosylation of DG. We found that Rotated
      Abdomen and Twisted could potentiate in vivo the dominant-negative effect of DG
      extracellular domain expression on crossvein development, which suggests that O
      mannosylation can modulate the ligand-binding activity of DG. Taken together
      these results demonstrated that O-mannosylation of Dystroglycan is an
      evolutionarily ancient mechanism conserved between Drosophila and humans,
      suggesting that Drosophila can be a suitable model system for studying molecular
      and genetic mechanisms underlying human dystroglycanopathies.

PMID- 19969600
TI  - Climate change will increase number of displaced persons, UN agency says.

PMID- 19969601
TI  - Should boys receive the human papillomavirus vaccine? No.

PMID- 19969602
TI  - Should boys receive the human papillomavirus vaccine? Yes.

PMID- 19969603
TI  - Osteoarticular infection of the symphysis pubis and sacroiliac joints in active
      young sportsmen.

PMID- 19969605
TI  - Scheme offers chance to offset carbon footprint by paying for contraceptives.

PMID- 19969607
TI  - Complex working environment, not poor training, blamed for drug errors.

PMID- 19969608
TI  - Fall in swine flu cases may not signal an end of the epidemic, warns Professor
      Donaldson.

PMID- 19969610
TI  - Dutch doctors speak out about past errors to change culture on patient safety.

PMID- 19969611
TI  - Age at the introduction of solid foods during the first year and allergic
      sensitization at age 5 years.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine the relationship between age at the
      introduction of solid foods during the first year of life and allergic
      sensitization in 5-year-old children. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Finnish
      Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention nutrition study, a prospective, birth
      cohort study. We studied 994 children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1
      diabetes mellitus for whom information on breastfeeding, age at the introduction
      of solid foods, and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E levels at 5 years was
      available. The association between age at the introduction of solid foods and
      allergic sensitization was analyzed by using logistic regression. RESULTS: The
      median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 1.8 months (range: 0-10 months).
      After adjustment for potential confounders, late introduction of potatoes (>4
      months), oats (>5 months), rye (>7 months), wheat (>6 months), meat (>5.5
      months), fish (>8.2 months), and eggs (>10.5 months) was significantly directly
      associated with sensitization to food allergens. Late introduction of potatoes,
      rye, meat, and fish was significantly associated with sensitization to any
      inhalant allergen. In models that included all solid foods that were
      significantly related to the end points, eggs, oats, and wheat remained the most
      important foods related to sensitization to food allergens, whereas potatoes and
      fish were the most important foods associated with inhalant allergic
      sensitization. We found no evidence of reverse causality, taking into account
      parental allergic rhinitis and asthma. CONCLUSION: Late introduction of solid
      foods was associated with increased risk of allergic sensitization to food and
      inhalant allergens.

PMID- 19969612
TI  - Children on the homefront: the experience of children from military families.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Although studies have begun to explore the impact of the current wars
      on child well-being, none have examined how children are doing across social,
      emotional, and academic domains. In this study, we describe the health and well
      being of children from military families from the perspectives of the child and
      nondeployed parent. We also assessed the experience of deployment for children
      and how it varies according to deployment length and military service component.
      PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. Data from a computer-assisted telephone interview with
      military children, aged 11 to 17 years, and nondeployed caregivers (n = 1507)
      were used to assess child well-being and difficulties with deployment.
      Multivariate regression analyses assessed the association between family
      characteristics, deployment histories, and child outcomes. RESULTS: After
      controlling for family and service-member characteristics, children in this study
      had more emotional difficulties compared with national samples. Older youth and
      girls of all ages reported significantly more school-, family-, and peer-related
      difficulties with parental deployment (P < .01). Length of parental deployment
      and poorer nondeployed caregiver mental health were significantly associated with
      a greater number of challenges for children both during deployment and deployed
      parent reintegration (P < .01). Family characteristics (eg, living in rented
      housing) were also associated with difficulties with deployment. CONCLUSIONS:
      Families that experienced more total months of parental deployment may benefit
      from targeted support to deal with stressors that emerge over time. Also,
      families in which caregivers experience poorer mental health may benefit from
      programs that support the caregiver and child.

PMID- 19969613
TI  - Preterm birth, social disadvantage, and cognitive competence in Swedish 18- to 19
      year-old men.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the impact of a range of gestational ages (GAs)
      on cognitive competence in late adolescence and how this effect is modified by
      contextual social adversity in childhood. METHODS: This was a register study
      based on a national cohort of 119664 men born in Sweden from 1973 to 1976. Data
      on GA and other perinatal factors were obtained from the Medical Birth Register,
      and information on cognitive test scores was extracted from military conscription
      at the ages of 18 to 19 years. Test scores were analyzed as z scores on a 9-point
      stanine scale, whereby each unit is equivalent to 0.5 SD. Socioeconomic
      indicators of the childhood household were obtained from the Population and
      Housing Census of 1990. The data were analyzed by multivariate linear regression.
      RESULTS: The mean cognitive test scores decreased in a stepwise manner with GA.
      In unadjusted analysis, the test scores were 0.63 stanine unit lower in men who
      were born after 24 to 32 gestational weeks than in those who were born at term.
      The difference in global scores between the lowest and highest category of
      socioeconomic status was 1.57. Adjusting the analysis for the childhood
      socioeconomic indicators decreased the effect of GA on cognitive test scores by
      26% to 33%. There was also a multiplicative interaction effect of social
      adversity and moderately preterm birth on cognitive test scores. CONCLUSIONS:
      This study confirms previous claims of an incremental association of cognitive
      competence with GA. Socioeconomic indicators in childhood modified this effect at
      all levels of preterm birth.

PMID- 19969614
TI  - News coverage of FDA warnings on pediatric antidepressant use and suicidality.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In 2004, after an 18-month investigation, the Food and Drug
      Administration (FDA) directed pharmaceutical manufacturers to add a black box
      warning to antidepressants regarding increased risk of suicidality in children.
      Our objective was to evaluate the quality and content of and overall impression
      conveyed in news coverage of this issue. METHODS: We collected all news stories
      on pediatric antidepressant use and suicidality published in a convenience sample
      of 10 of the highest-circulation print newspapers in the United States, the 3
      major television networks, and a major cable news network in 2003 and 2004 (N =
      167). Two researchers coded news articles by using a 9-item instrument. RESULTS:
      The quality of news reporting on key health messages included in FDA warnings was
      mixed. The overwhelming majority of news stories correctly described a risk of
      suicidality associated with pediatric antidepressant use, as opposed to suicide
      itself. However, other key health messages highlighted in FDA warnings often were
      absent from news coverage. News stories were more likely to include anecdotes of
      children harmed versus children helped by antidepressants, whereas expert sources
      quoted were more likely to emphasize the benefits of antidepressants over their
      risks. However, the majority of news stories conveyed neither the overall
      impression that the risks of pediatric antidepressant use outweighed the benefits
      nor the impression that the benefits outweighed the risks, and coverage became
      increasingly neutral over time. CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of key health messages in
      FDA safety warnings was not sufficient to ensure their communication to the
      public through the lay press.

PMID- 19969615
TI  - Effect of music by Mozart on energy expenditure in growing preterm infants.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The rate of weight gain in preterm infants who are exposed to music
      seems to improve. A potential mechanism could be increased metabolic efficiency;
      therefore, we conducted this study to test the hypothesis that music by Mozart
      reduces resting energy expenditure (REE) in growing healthy preterm infants.
      DESIGN. A prospective, randomized clinical trial with crossover was conducted in
      20 healthy, appropriate-weight-for-gestational-age, gavage-fed preterm infants.
      Infants were randomly assigned to be exposed to a 30-minute period of Mozart
      music or no music on 2 consecutive days. Metabolic measurements were performed by
      indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: REE was similar during the first 10-minute period
      of both randomization groups. During the next 10-minute period, infants who were
      exposed to music had a significantly lower REE than when not exposed to music (P
      = .028). This was also true during the third 10-minute period (P = .03). Thus, on
      average, the effect size of music on REE is a reduction of approximately 10% to
      13% from baseline, an effect obtained within 10 to 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS:
      Exposure to Mozart music significantly lowers REE in healthy preterm infants. We
      speculate that this effect of music on REE might explain, in part, the improved
      weight gain that results from this "Mozart effect."

PMID- 19969616
TI  - Adolescent medicine training in pediatric residency programs.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide an assessment of pediatric
      residency training in adolescent medicine. METHODS: We conducted 2 national
      surveys: 1 of pediatric residency program directors and the other of faculty who
      are responsible for the adolescent medicine block rotation for pediatric
      residents to elicit descriptive and qualitative information concerning the nature
      of residents' ambulatory care training experience in adolescent medicine and the
      workforce issues that affect the experience. RESULTS: Required adolescent
      medicine topics that are well covered pertain to normal development,
      interviewing, and sexual issues. Those least well covered concern the effects of
      violence, motor vehicle safety, sports medicine, and chronic illness. Shortages
      of adolescent medicine specialists, addictions counselors, psychiatrists, and
      other health professionals who are knowledgeable about adolescents frequently
      limit pediatric residency training in adolescent medicine. Considerable variation
      exists in the timing of the mandatory adolescent medicine block rotation, the
      clinic sites used for ambulatory care training, and the range of services offered
      at the predominant training sites. In addition, residents' continuity clinic
      experience often does not include adolescent patients; thus, pediatric residents
      do not have opportunities to establish ongoing therapeutic relationships with
      adolescents over time. Both program and rotation directors had similar opinions
      about adolescent medicine training. CONCLUSIONS: Significant variation and gaps
      exist in adolescent medicine ambulatory care training in pediatric residency
      programs throughout the United States. For addressing the shortcomings in many
      programs, the quality of the block rotation should be improved and efforts should
      be made to teach adolescent medicine in continuity, general pediatric, and
      specialty clinics. In addition, renewed attention should be given to articulating
      the core competencies needed to care for adolescents.

PMID- 19969617
TI  - Asthma and behavior in homeless 4- to 7-year-olds.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Low-income, urban, ethnic minority children have higher rates of
      asthma, more severe symptoms, and more management issues, as well as high risk
      for academic and behavior problems. This study focused on asthma reported in
      young children who resided in a family emergency homeless shelter. Asthma rates
      were considered along with their relation to hospitalization and emergency
      department use and behavior that is important for school success, including
      cognitive function, conduct, and academic functioning. METHODS: A total of 104
      children (age 4.0-7.5 years) and parents were recruited while residing in an
      urban emergency homeless shelter for families. Children had no previously
      identified developmental delays and spoke English proficiently. Parents reported
      whether the child experienced asthma, as well as emergency department use and
      hospitalization. Parents and teachers completed measures of child
      inattention/hyperactivity and behavior problems. Cognitive function of children
      was directly assessed. RESULTS: Asthma was reported for 27.9% of children,
      approximately 3 times the national average. Children with asthma had been
      hospitalized more often, showed higher levels of inattention/hyperactivity and
      behavior problems, and evidenced lower academic functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Young
      children in homeless family emergency shelters have high rates of asthma and
      related problems that could lead to higher hospitalization rates, more behavioral
      problems, and lower academic functioning at school. Screening and treatment of
      children who stay in emergency family shelters may be particularly important for
      reducing risks associated with asthma in highly mobile, low-income families.

PMID- 19969618
TI  - Timing of parent and child communication about sexuality relative to children's
      sexual behaviors.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine timing of parent-child discussions about sexual topics
      relative to child-reported sexual behavior. METHODS: Longitudinal study of
      employed parents and their children, with an initial survey followed by
      subsequent surveys 3, 6, and 12 months later. Participants were 141 parents,
      along with their children (13-17 years), who were control participants in a
      randomized, controlled trial to evaluate a worksite-based intervention to improve
      parent-adolescent communication. Main outcomes were parent and child reports of
      discussion of up to 24 sexual topics and presexual and sexual acts (ranging from
      handholding to vaginal intercourse) that occurred before the first survey and in
      the intervals between subsequent pairs of surveys. RESULTS: Sexual topics tend to
      group into 3 sets. The first set includes topics such as girls' bodies and
      menstruation and typically coincides with children's presexual stage
      (handholding, kissing). The second set includes topics such as birth control
      efficacy and refusing sex and typically coincides with the precoital stage
      (genital touching and oral sex). The third set typically occurs when children
      have initiated intercourse. Over half of children engage in genital touching
      before discussing birth control efficacy, resisting partner pressure for sex,
      sexually transmitted disease symptoms, condom use, choosing birth control, or
      partner condom refusal; >40% of children have intercourse before any discussion
      about sexually transmitted disease symptoms, condom use, choosing birth control,
      or partner condom refusal. CONCLUSIONS: Many parents and adolescents do not talk
      about important sexual topics before adolescents' sexual debut. Clinicians can
      facilitate this communication by providing parents with information about sexual
      behavior of adolescents.

PMID- 19969619
TI  - Food allergy knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of primary care physicians.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To provide insight into food allergy knowledge and perceptions among
      pediatricians and family physicians in the United States. METHODS: A national
      sample of pediatricians and family physicians was recruited between April and
      July 2008 to complete the validated, Web-based Chicago Food Allergy Research
      Survey for Primary Care Physicians. Findings were analyzed to provide
      composite/itemized knowledge scores, describe attitudes and beliefs, and examine
      the effects of participant characteristics on response. RESULTS: The sample
      included 407 primary care physicians; 99% of the respondents reported providing
      care for food-allergic patients. Participants answered 61% of knowledge-based
      items correctly. Strengths and weaknesses were identified in each content domain
      evaluated by the survey. For example, 80% of physicians surveyed knew that the
      flu vaccine is unsafe for egg-allergic children, 90% recognized that the number
      of food-allergic children is increasing in the United States, and 80% were aware
      that there is no cure for food allergy. However, only 24% knew that oral food
      challenges may be used in the diagnosis of food allergy, 12% correctly rejected
      that chronic nasal problems are not symptom of food allergy, and 23% recognized
      that yogurts/cheeses from milk are unsafe for children with immunoglobulin E
      mediated milk allergies. Fewer than 30% of the participants felt comfortable
      interpreting laboratory tests to diagnose food allergy or felt adequately
      prepared by their medical training to care for food-allergic children.
      CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of food allergy among primary care physicians was fair.
      Opportunities for improvement exist, as acknowledged by participants' own
      perceptions of their clinical abilities in the management of food allergy.

PMID- 19969620
TI  - Bruising characteristics discriminating physical child abuse from accidental
      trauma.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to conduct a pilot study to identify discriminating
      bruising characteristics and to model those findings into a decision tool for
      screening children at high risk for abuse. METHODS: A case-control study of
      children 0 to 48 months of age who were admitted to a PICU because of trauma was
      performed. Case subjects (N = 42) were victims of physical abuse, and control
      subjects (N = 53) were children admitted because of accidental trauma during the
      same time period. Bruising characteristics (total number and body region) and
      patient age were compared for children with abusive versus accidental trauma. The
      development of a decision rule for predicting abusive trauma was accomplished
      with the fitting of a classification and regression tree through binary recursive
      partitioning. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were studied. Seventy-one (33 of 42
      patients in the abuse group and 38 of 53 in the accident group) were found to
      have bruising, and the characteristics were modeled. Characteristics predictive
      of abuse were bruising on the torso, ear, or neck for a child <or=4 years of age
      and bruising in any region for an infant <4 months of age. A bruising clinical
      decision rule was derived, with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 84% for
      predicting abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Discriminating differences exist in bruising
      characteristics for abusive versus accidental trauma. The body region- and age
      based bruising clinical decision rule model functions as a clinically sensible
      screening tool to identify young children who require further evaluation for
      abuse.

PMID- 19969621
TI  - Neonatal neurobehavior predicts medical and behavioral outcome.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study examined the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) as a
      predictor of negative medical and behavioral findings at 1 month to 4.5 years of
      age. METHODS: The sample included 1248 mother-infant dyads (42% born at <37
      weeks' gestational age [GA]) who were participating in a longitudinal study of
      the effects of prenatal substance exposure on child development. Mothers were
      recruited at 4 urban university-based centers and were mostly black and on public
      assistance. At 1 month of age, infants were tested with the NNNS. Latent profile
      analysis was conducted on NNNS summary scales to identify discrete behavioral
      profiles. The validity of the NNNS was examined by using logistic regression to
      predict prenatal drug exposure and medical and developmental outcomes through 4.5
      years of age including adjustment for GA and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Five
      discrete behavioral profiles were reliably identified; the most extreme negative
      profile was found in 5.8% of the infants. The profiles showed statistically
      significant associations with prenatal drug exposure; GA and birth weight; head
      ultrasound; neurologic and brain disease findings; and abnormal scores on
      measures of behavior problems, school readiness, and IQ through 4.5 years of age.
      CONCLUSIONS: The NNNS may be useful to identify infant behavioral needs to be
      targeted in well-infant pediatric care, as well as for referrals to community
      based early intervention services.

PMID- 19969622
TI  - Midkine gene transfer after myocardial infarction in rats prevents remodelling
      and ameliorates cardiac dysfunction.
AB  - AIM: We have previously reported that therapy with midkine (MK) has a protective
      effect in mouse models of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia/reperfusion.
      The underlying mechanism was proved to be anti-apoptosis and prevention of left
      ventricular (LV) remodelling following angiogenesis. Here we investigated the
      effects of overexpression of MK by adenoviral gene transfer on cardiac function
      and remodelling in an experimental rat MI model. METHODS AND RESULTS: MI was
      created in male Wistar rats. Adenoviral vectors encoding mouse MK (AdMK) or beta
      galactosidase (AdLacZ; as controls) were injected in myocardium at the onset of
      MI. One week after injection, in vivo adenoviral gene expression was assessed by
      western blot and histological analysis. After echocardiographic analysis at 4
      weeks and haemodynamic analysis at 6 weeks after MI, AdMK animals had better
      cardiac function compared with AdLacZ animals. Heart weight (HW) and relative HW
      of AdMK animals were not different from sham-operated animals after 6 weeks,
      pointing to a very potent effect in the prevention of ischemic cardiomyopathy. In
      histological studies at 6 weeks after MI, AdMK animals had less fibrosis in the
      non-infarcted myocardium and higher vascular density in the border-zone area
      compared with AdLacZ animals. AdMK animals had strongly upregulated levels of
      phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, PI 3-kinase, and Bcl
      2, whereas the level of Bax was downregulated compared with AdLacZ animals.
      CONCLUSION: Overexpression of MK prevents LV remodelling and ameliorates LV
      dysfunction by anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects. MK gene transfer may
      provide a new therapeutic modality in ischemic cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart
      failure.

PMID- 19969623
TI  - The Rho protein exchange factor Vav3 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell
      proliferation and migration.
AB  - AIMS: Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs) are responsible for Rho
      protein activation by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. Although
      overactivation of Rho proteins is a common component of the pathogenesis of
      vascular disorders, the molecular mechanisms and the Rho GEFs regulating Rho
      protein activity and Rho-dependent functions in vascular smooth muscle cells
      (VSMC) are still unknown. The aim of this study was thus to identify Rho GEFs
      involved in the regulation of VSMC functions. METHODS AND RESULTS: By a
      functional screening based on small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of
      27 Rho GEFs, we found that only silencing of the Rho GEF Vav3 inhibited rat VSMC
      proliferation. Conversely, overexpression of Vav3 potentiated VSMC proliferation,
      whereas the catalytically inactive Vav3 mutant had no effect. The stimulatory
      effect of Vav3 on VSMC proliferation was inhibited by the Src tyrosine kinase
      inhibitor SU6656 and by co-expression of the dominant-negative Rac1-N17 mutant.
      In agreement with this observation, expression of Vav3 induced enrichment of Rac1
      to the membrane, activation of its effector PAK, and stimulated VSMC migration.
      Increased levels of Vav3 transcripts were found in stented arteries and arteries
      from hypertensive rats. Furthermore, siRNA targeting Vav3 decreased arterial wall
      cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: The Rho GEF Vav3 controls VSMC proliferation and
      migration through activation of Rac1/PAK signalling. Vav3 is a convergent point
      mediating Rac1 activation in response to different upstream mediators that
      promote VSMC proliferation and migration and thus appears to be a new potential
      therapeutic target that could be used to limit vascular proliferative diseases.

PMID- 19969624
TI  - Expression of lung resistance protein and multidrug resistance-related protein
      (MRP1) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon by which cells become resistant to
      unrelated chemotherapeutic agents. The prognostic value that lung resistance
      protein (LRP) and multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) have in the
      setting of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is controversial. The aim
      of this study was to investigate the expression of LRP and MRP1 and effect on
      clinical outcome and prognosis. The mRNA expression of LRP and MRP1 were analyzed
      in leukemic blasts of 34 pediatric ALL patients. LRP and MRP1 mRNA expression
      were detected in 41.2% and 35.3%, respectively. Eleven (91.7%) of 12 patients
      without LRP achieved CR compared with 9 (50.0%) of 18 with LRP expression.
      Similarly, 11 (100%) of 11 patients without MRP1 expression achieved CR compared
      with 9 (47.4%) of 19 with MRP1 expression and higher LRP expression rate or MRP1
      expression rate was present in patients with relapse than MDR genes negative
      patients. The expression of either of two genes was associated with poorer 2-year
      survival. Also, patients expressing both genes had poorer outcomes and had worse
      2-year survival. We suggest that MDR expression affects complete remission and
      survival rates in ALL patients. Thus, diagnosis appears to provide prognostic
      information for pediatric ALL.

PMID- 19969625
TI  - Low mannose-binding lectin levels and MBL2 gene polymorphisms associate with
      Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) has been shown to inhibit infection of
      host cells by Chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro. We studied if MBL levels and MBL2
      polymorphisms associate with the presence of C. pneumoniae antibodies in vivo.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MBL2 gene
      (promoter alleles H/L, X/Y and P/Q; and exon 1 variant alleles B, C and D and
      wild-type allele A) were genotyped and serum MBL concentrations and C. pneumoniae
      IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were analysed in 889 Finnish military recruits.
      RESULTS: An MBL level below the median concentration and the MBL2 P/P genotype
      were significant risk factors of IgG or IgA seroconversions or the presence of
      IgM antibodies during military service (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.5; 95%
      confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.1 and OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.2, respectively). In
      addition, the promoter Y/Y (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) and exon 1 variant allele
      genotypes (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-2.0) were possibly associated with elevated
      antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest, for the first time, that low
      serum MBL levels and MBL2 polymorphisms may associate with elevated C. pneumoniae
      antibodies and seroconversions and thus support the previous findings in vitro.

PMID- 19969626
TI  - Intranuclear Inclusions in Experimental Herpetic Lesions of Rabbits.

PMID- 19969627
TI  - Studies on Blood Fibrin: Its Quantitative Determination; Normal Fibrin Values,
      and Factors which Influence the Quantity of Blood Fibrin.

PMID- 19969628
TI  - The Axis-Cylinders of Peripheral Nerves as Portals of Entry to the Central
      Nervous System for the Virus of Herpes Simplex in Experimentally Infected
      Rabbits.

PMID- 19969630
TI  - The Pathways of Infection of the Central Nervous System in Herpetic Encephalitis
      of Rabbits Contracted by Contact; with a Comparative Comment on Medullary Lesions
      in a Case of Human Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19969629
TI  - The Relation of Chronic Poisoning with Copper to Hemochromatosis.

PMID- 19969631
TI  - Certain Factors Determining the Incidence and Severity of Herpetic Encephalitis
      in Rabbits.

PMID- 19969633
TI  - Heterotopia of the Bone Marrow without Apparent Cause.

PMID- 19969632
TI  - Riedel's Struma Associated with Remnants of the Post-Branchial Body.

PMID- 19969634
TI  - Microglia and the Process of Phagocytosis in Gliomas.

PMID- 19969636
TI  - Evidence of Regeneration of Pancreas in an Insulin Treated Case of Diabetes.

PMID- 19969635
TI  - The Formation of Macrophages, Epithelioid Cells and Giant Cells from Leucocytes
      in Incubated Blood.

PMID- 19969637
TI  - The Histopathology of Kala-Azar in the Hamster, Monkey, and Man.

PMID- 19969638
TI  - Phagocytosis of Erythrocytes in the Bone Marrow, with Special Reference to
      Pernicious Anemia.

PMID- 19969639
TI  - Concerning the Microscopic Structure of the Hypophysis Cerebri in Acromegaly:
      (Based on a Study of Tissues Removed at Operation from 35 Patients).

PMID- 19969640
TI  - The Pathology of the Hypophysis: I. The Presence of Abnormal Cells in the
      Posterior Lobe.

PMID- 19969641
TI  - The Hypertrophy of the Submaxillary Gland in the Albino Rat, Following
      Parathyroidectomy.

PMID- 19969642
TI  - Hematocele of the Wall of the Atrium Following Cardiac Puncture.

PMID- 19969643
TI  - The Hydatid Cyst: The Micro-Chemical Reactions of the Hydatid Cyst Wall.

PMID- 19969644
TI  - The Origin of Adenomatous Goitre.

PMID- 19969645
TI  - The Etiology of Acute Appendicitis.

PMID- 19969646
TI  - Experimental Glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 19969647
TI  - The Fibroma of the Acoustic Nerve.

PMID- 19969648
TI  - The Pathology of the Hypophysis: II. Lymphocytic Infiltration.

PMID- 19969649
TI  - An Adenocarcinoma Resembling the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19969650
TI  - Tissue Changes after Experimental Deep Roentgen Irradiation.

PMID- 19969651
TI  - Studies on Mitochondria: I. The Changes Occurring During Experimental Thyroid
      Hyperplasia and its Involution with Iodine.

PMID- 19969653
TI  - Studies on Filterable Viruses: I. Cultivation of Vaccine Virus.

PMID- 19969652
TI  - The Origin of the Mononuclear Phagocytes of Peritoneal Exudates.

PMID- 19969654
TI  - Studies on Filterable Viruses: II. Cultivation of Herpes Virus.

PMID- 19969656
TI  - The State of the Cardiac Muscle in Hypertrophy and Atrophy.

PMID- 19969655
TI  - Studies on Endothelial Reactions: IX. The Formation of Reticulum in the Lesions
      of Experimental Tuberculosis in Rabbits.

PMID- 19969657
TI  - The Histological Alterations of the Pancreas in Chronic Passive Congestion.

PMID- 19969658
TI  - Cholesterosis of the Gall Bladder.

PMID- 19969659
TI  - Arachnid Infection in Monkeys: (Pneumonyssus Foxi of Weidman).

PMID- 19969660
TI  - Mucocele of the Appendix with Globoid Body Formation.

PMID- 19969662
TI  - Studies on Pneumonia Following Naso-Pharyngeal Injections of Oil.

PMID- 19969661
TI  - The Effect of Certain Metabolic Changes upon the Aorta of Rabbits and Guinea
      Pigs.

PMID- 19969663
TI  - The Pathology of Diabetes, with Special Reference to Pancreatic Regeneration.

PMID- 19969665
TI  - Intranuclear Inclusions in Visceral Disease.

PMID- 19969664
TI  - The Occurrence of Reticulum in Tumors.

PMID- 19969666
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease with Partial Situs Inversus, Absence of Inferior Vena
      Cava, and Other Anomalies.

PMID- 19969668
TI  - Observations on Focal Tuberculin Hypersensitiveness in an Infected Organ Previous
      to a General Sensitization.

PMID- 19969667
TI  - Progressive Alcoholic Cirrhosis: Report of Four Cases.

PMID- 19969669
TI  - Gross and Histologic Changes in the Edema of Paraphenylenediamine.

PMID- 19969670
TI  - Mechanical Irritation as Etiologic Factor of Cancer: Clinical Observation.

PMID- 19969671
TI  - Neuroblastoma of the Intestine.

PMID- 19969672
TI  - A Study of Rabies, with Reference to a Neural Transmission of the Virus in
      Rabbits, and the Structure and Significance of Negri Bodies.

PMID- 19969673
TI  - Diffuse Tumors of the Meninges.

PMID- 19969674
TI  - Splenomegaly (Type Gaucher) and Lipoid-Histiocytosis (Type Niemann).

PMID- 19969675
TI  - Ependymomas of the Lateral and Fourth Ventricles of the Brain.

PMID- 19969677
TI  - Spontaneous Central Nervous System Lesions in the Laboratory Rabbit.

PMID- 19969676
TI  - Researches on Vaccine Virus in Vitro with Special References to its Affinity for
      Nerve Tissue.

PMID- 19969678
TI  - Experimental Production of Gliosis: I. Effects on the Nervous System of the
      Rabbit of Intravenous and Intraspinal Injections of Cholesterol Emulsion.

PMID- 19969679
TI  - Experimental Production of Gliosis: II. Reaction of Brain Tissue to the Lipoid
      Fractions and to the Residue of Brain Extracts.

PMID- 19969680
TI  - A Multinucleated Liver Cell Carcinoma.

PMID- 19969681
TI  - A Correction.

PMID- 19969683
TI  - A Case of Rheumatic Aortitis with Early Lesions in the Media.

PMID- 19969682
TI  - Auricular Endocarditis of Rheumatic Origin.

PMID- 19969684
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland: VII. Further
      Investigation of the Influence of Iodin on Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland with
      an Interpretation of the Differences in the Effects of Iodin on the Thyroid Gland
      under Various Pathologic Conditions.

PMID- 19969685
TI  - Concerning "Malignant Thymoma"; with a Report on a Case of Primary Carcinoma of
      the Thymus.

PMID- 19969686
TI  - The Fate of Reacting Leucocytes in the Tuberculin and Reinfection Reactions.

PMID- 19969687
TI  - The Persistence of the Glomerular Circulation Following Occlusion of the Renal
      Vein of One Kidney in the Cat.

PMID- 19969688
TI  - Lipoid-Containing Cells in the Spleen in Diabetes with Lipemia.

PMID- 19969689
TI  - Primary Gelatinous Cylindrical Cell Carcinoma of the Lung.

PMID- 19969690
TI  - A Supravital Study of Leucocytes in Allergic States; a Comparison of Delayed and
      Immediate Intrapleural Anaphylactic Reactions.

PMID- 19969691
TI  - Autotransplantation and Homoiotransplantation of Cartilage in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19969693
TI  - A Rare Case of Multiple Congenital Atresia of the Ileum with Complete Separation
      of a Segment of Bowel.

PMID- 19969692
TI  - Secondary Gliomatosis of the Leptomeninges.

PMID- 19969694
TI  - Adenoma of the Salivary Gland.

PMID- 19969695
TI  - Cystitis Emphysematosa.

PMID- 19969696
TI  - Studies on the Effect of Chloroform on the Liver of Rabbits.

PMID- 19969697
TI  - Foreign Particles as a Cause of Blood Crises and Anemia.

PMID- 19969698
TI  - Further Observations on Autotransplantation and Homoiotransplantation of Thyroid
      Gland in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19969699
TI  - Valvular Diseases of the Heart: With Special Reference to the Pathogenesis of Old
      Valvular Defects.

PMID- 19969700
TI  - Specific Lesions of Peripheral Blood Vessels in Rheumatism.

PMID- 19969701
TI  - A Case of Adiposis Dolorosa with Necropsy.

PMID- 19969702
TI  - The Histopathology of the Subcutaneous Lesions in Tularemia in Man.

PMID- 19969703
TI  - A Study of the Process of Caseation in Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19969705
TI  - Autotransplantation and Homoiotransplantation of the Thyroid Gland in the Rat:
      With Some Observations on Transplantation of the Parathyroid, Uterus and Ovaries.

PMID- 19969704
TI  - Giant Cells and Their Relation to Caseation in Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19969706
TI  - Autotransplantation and Homoiotransplantation of Cartilage and Bone in the Rat.

PMID- 19969708
TI  - The Vascular Mechanism of the Spleen.

PMID- 19969707
TI  - Adenomas of the Islands of Langerhans.

PMID- 19969709
TI  - The Etiology of Haverhill Fever (Erythema Arthriticum Epidemicum).

PMID- 19969711
TI  - Cases of Renal Infection in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Evidence of Healed
      Tuberculous Lesions.

PMID- 19969710
TI  - So-called "Endothelial Blockade" with Collargol: An Immunologic and Histologic
      Study.

PMID- 19969713
TI  - On Diminished Resistance Following Suprarenalectomy in the Rat and the Protection
      Afforded by Autoplastic Transplants.

PMID- 19969712
TI  - Experimental Production of General Peritonitis: With an Anatomic Study.

PMID- 19969714
TI  - Observation of Formation of Giant Cells in Turtle Blood Cultures.

PMID- 19969715
TI  - A Study of Hyperplasia of the Bone Marrow in Man.

PMID- 19969716
TI  - Fibril Formation by Human Lutein Cells.

PMID- 19969717
TI  - Necrosis of the Malpighian Bodies of the Spleen.

PMID- 19969718
TI  - Heterotransplantation of Cartilage and Fat Tissue and the Reaction Against
      Heterotransplants in General.

PMID- 19969719
TI  - A Case of Carcinoma of the Colon Associated with Schistosomiasis (Bilharziosis)
      in a Young Woman.

PMID- 19969720
TI  - A Study of the Tumor Incidence in the Lower Animals.

PMID- 19969722
TI  - Studies on the Vasa Vasorum.

PMID- 19969721
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Liver of Possible Multicentric Origin Occurring in a
      Case of Portal Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19969723
TI  - The Significance of Giant Cells in the Intradermal Tuberculin Reaction.

PMID- 19969724
TI  - Studies on the Islands of Langerhans in Human Pancreas: I. The Relation of the
      Islands to the Surrounding Structures.

PMID- 19969725
TI  - The Organization of Experimental Adrenal Cell Emboli in the Lungs.

PMID- 19969726
TI  - A Quantitative Study of the Hypophysis of the Human Anencephalic Fetus.

PMID- 19969727
TI  - Syngenesiotransplantation in the Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19969728
TI  - Syngenesiotransplantation in the Rat.

PMID- 19969729
TI  - Experimental Gangrene Produced by Dietary Means.

PMID- 19969731
TI  - Tumor and Foreign Body Giant Cells in a Fibrosarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19969730
TI  - Pathologic Changes in the Nerves of the Stomach Wall in Cases of Chronic Gastric
      Ulcer.

PMID- 19969732
TI  - Spontaneous Intracapillary Glomerulonephritis in the Rabbit.

PMID- 19969733
TI  - The Finer Vascular Channels of the Spleen.

PMID- 19969734
TI  - Studies on the Islands of Langerhans in the Human Pancreas: II. Significance of
      Variations in Structure.

PMID- 19969735
TI  - A Report of Two Cases of Essential Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's Disease).

PMID- 19969736
TI  - Transplantation and Individuality Differential in Strains of Inbred Rats.

PMID- 19969737
TI  - Pyorrhea Alveolaris: the Role of Certain Microorganisms Found in the Lesions.

PMID- 19969738
TI  - Metastatic or Embolic Endometriosis, due to the Menstrual Dissemination of
      Endometrial Tissue into the Venous Circulation.

PMID- 19969739
TI  - The Pathology of the Bone Marrow in Pernicious Anemia.

PMID- 19969741
TI  - The Reticulum of the Lung: IV. Its Presence in the Reparative Process of the
      Tuberculous Lesion with and without Caseation.

PMID- 19969740
TI  - The Transformation of a Malignant Paravertebral Sympathicoblastoma into a Benign
      Ganglioneuroma.

PMID- 19969742
TI  - Pulmonary Spirochetosis.

PMID- 19969743
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the Uterus in a Rabbit.

PMID- 19969744
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Tongue: With a Case Report.

PMID- 19969746
TI  - The Histogenesis of Urinary Casts.

PMID- 19969745
TI  - Transplantation and Individuality Differentials in Inbred Families of Guinea
      Pigs.

PMID- 19969747
TI  - Osteosclerotic Anemia Secondary to Epidermoid Carcinoma.

PMID- 19969748
TI  - Pulmonary Blastomycosis; its Similarity to Tuberculosis. Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19969749
TI  - The Reticulum of the Lung: V. Its Similarity in Blastomycosis to That in
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19969751
TI  - The State of The Glomerulus in Experimental Hypertrophy of the Kidneys of
      Rabbits.

PMID- 19969750
TI  - Multiple Hemorrhagic Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19969752
TI  - The Sympathicotropic Cells of the Ovary and Testis.

PMID- 19969753
TI  - Synoviomata.

PMID- 19969754
TI  - Studies on Mitochondria: II. The Occurrence of Mitochondria-rich and Mitochondria
      poor Cells in the Thyroid Gland of Man and Animals.

PMID- 19969755
TI  - A Cytologic Study of Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19969756
TI  - Nuclear Changes of Ganglion Cells in Experimental Herpetic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19969757
TI  - On the Origin of Reticulin Fibrils.

PMID- 19969758
TI  - Studies on Endothelial Reactions: X. On the Origin of the Pulmonary "Dust Cell".

PMID- 19969759
TI  - The Origin of the Alveolar Phagocyte studied in Paraffin Sections of Tissue
      Stained Supravitally with Neutral Red.

PMID- 19969760
TI  - Hyaline Degeneration of the Islands of Langerhans in Non-Diabetics.

PMID- 19969761
TI  - The Spleen in West African Yellow Fever.

PMID- 19969762
TI  - Local and Systemic Changes induced by Lipoid Solvents in Animals Fed on Diets
      varying in Vitamin Content.

PMID- 19969763
TI  - The Effect of Age of the Host on the Fate of Transplants of Thyroid Glands in
      Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19969764
TI  - Reticulum.

PMID- 19969765
TI  - The Involvement of the Aortic Valve in Syphilitic Aortitis.

PMID- 19969766
TI  - Studies in the Pathology of Rheumatic Fever: Two Cases Presenting unusual
      Cardiovascular Lesions.

PMID- 19969767
TI  - Malformations of the Heart including Two Cases with Common Atrioventricular Canal
      and Septum Defects and One with Defect of the Atrial Septum (Cor Triloculare
      Biventriculosum).

PMID- 19969768
TI  - A Congenital Anomaly of the Heart: Truncus Arteriosus Communis.

PMID- 19969769
TI  - Vegetative Endocarditis due to the Meningococcus: With a Case Report.

PMID- 19969770
TI  - A Contribution to the Pathology of Generalized Argyria with a Discussion of the
      Fate of Silver in the Human Body.

PMID- 19969771
TI  - A Case of Primary Mesenchymal Hepatoma with Necropsy.

PMID- 19969772
TI  - Sarcosporidial Infection of the Myocardium in Man.

PMID- 19969773
TI  - A Comparison in Normal, Thyroidectomized and Hypophysectomized Rats of the
      Effects upon Metabolism and Growth Resulting from Daily Injections of Small
      Amounts of Thyroid Extract.

PMID- 19969774
TI  - The Pathology of Bilharziasis.

PMID- 19969775
TI  - A Study of the Circulation in the Normal and Pathologic Kidney with
      Roentgenographic Visualization of the Arterial Tree, Including the Glomeruli.

PMID- 19969776
TI  - The Etiology and Pathology of Pyelitis Cystica, Ureteritis Cystica and cystitis
      cystica.

PMID- 19969777
TI  - A Malignant Tumor Simulating Bone Marrow.

PMID- 19969778
TI  - Concerning Ectopic Chorionepithelioma: Report of two Cases.

PMID- 19969779
TI  - Muscle Hemoglobin in Human Autopsy Material.

PMID- 19969780
TI  - An Epithelial Cyst of the Hypophysis.

PMID- 19969782
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the Spleen in a Bovine.

PMID- 19969781
TI  - A Study of the Histopathology of the So-Called Adenosarcoma of Swine.

PMID- 19969783
TI  - Observations on the Histology of the Tumors of the Nervous Acusticus.

PMID- 19969784
TI  - A Method of Staining Oligodendroglia and Microglia (Combined Method).

PMID- 19969785
TI  - An Inflammatory Basis for Coronary Thrombosis.

PMID- 19969786
TI  - Some Observations on Incubated Leukemic Bloods.

PMID- 19969788
TI  - Carcinoids (Argentaffin-Cell Tumors) and Nerve Hyperplasia of the Appendicular
      Mucosa.

PMID- 19969787
TI  - Some General Aspects of Pathological Conditions Caused by Filterable Viruses.

PMID- 19969789
TI  - The Pathologic Anatomy of Tularemia in Man.

PMID- 19969791
TI  - Studies on Lipochromes: II. The Identification of Carotin, Xanthophyll, and
      Associated Lipoids in Tissues.

PMID- 19969790
TI  - Studies on Lipochromes: I. The Reaction of Animals to the Presence of Carotin.

PMID- 19969792
TI  - Angioma Racemosum Venosum. Report of a Case.

PMID- 19969793
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of the Heart.

PMID- 19969794
TI  - The Effect of the Oral Administration of Potassium Iodide and Thyroid Substance
      on the Mitotic Proliferation and Structure of Acini in the Thyroid Gland in
      Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19969795
TI  - Observations on Incubated Normal Bloods.

PMID- 19969796
TI  - Generalized Reticular Cell Sarcoma of Lymph Nodes Associated with Lymphatic
      Leukemia.

PMID- 19969797
TI  - Studies on Lipochromes: IV. The Nature of the Pigments in Certain Organs.

PMID- 19969798
TI  - Some Points of the Mechanism of Filtration by the Spleen.

PMID- 19969799
TI  - Human Mercuric Chloride Poisoning by Intravenous Injection.

PMID- 19969800
TI  - Tissue Culture of Intracranial Tumors with a Note on the Meningiomas.

PMID- 19969801
TI  - A Study of the Tissue Changes in Experimental Black Tongue of Dogs Compared with
      Similar Changes in Pellagra.

PMID- 19969802
TI  - Observations on Blood Incubated under Abnormal Conditions.

PMID- 19969803
TI  - Two Osteoblastomas not Connected with Bone, Histologically Identical with
      Osteogenic Sarcoma, and Clinically Benign.

PMID- 19969804
TI  - A Dermoid of the Cornea in a Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19969805
TI  - Observations on Incubated Tissues and Exudates.

PMID- 19969806
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of the Pleura: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19969807
TI  - The Pathology of Experimental Yellow Fever in the Macacus Rhesus: I. Gross
      Pathology.

PMID- 19969808
TI  - The Pathology of Experimental Yellow Fever in the Macacus Rhesus: II. Microscopic
      Pathology.

PMID- 19969809
TI  - The Pathology of Experimental Yellow Fever in the Macacus Rhesus: III. Comparison
      with the Pathology of Yellow Fever in Man.

PMID- 19969810
TI  - Myocardial Degenerations in Yellow Fever.

PMID- 19969812
TI  - Calcification of the Suprarenal Gland.

PMID- 19969811
TI  - Corpora Libera in the Tunica Vaginalis Testis.

PMID- 19969813
TI  - Studies on the Bones in Avian Rickets: I. Bone Lesions in Chickens Deprived of
      the Antirachitic Factor after Five Weeks of Normal Growth.

PMID- 19969814
TI  - Aberrant Thyroid Glands.

PMID- 19969815
TI  - Staining Fibrillary Neuroglia in Formalin-Fixed Material.

PMID- 19969816
TI  - Multiple Primary Neoplasms in Lower Animals: Report of a case.

PMID- 19969817
TI  - Primary Multiple Hemangioma of the Spleen with Multiple Liver Metastases.

PMID- 19969818
TI  - Chemical Contrasts between Collagenous and Reticular Connective Tissue.

PMID- 19969819
TI  - Studies in Acromegaly: VII. The Microscopical Structure of the Adenomas in
      Acromegalic Dyspituitarism (Fugitive Acromegaly).

PMID- 19969820
TI  - Experimental Subcutaneous Rheumatic Nodules.

PMID- 19969821
TI  - Experimental Glomerulonephritis Produced by Intrarenal Tuberculin Reactions.

PMID- 19969822
TI  - The Phagocytic Activity of the Vascular Endothelium of Granulation Tissue.

PMID- 19969823
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Liver: Two Cases in Cattle.

PMID- 19969824
TI  - The Effect of Feeding Potassium Iodide on the Proliferative Activity of the
      Thyroid Gland in Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19969825
TI  - The Infectivity of Isolated Inclusion Bodies of Fowl-Pox.

PMID- 19969826
TI  - A Case of Extensive Bilateral Progressive Thrombosis of the Smaller Branches of
      the Pulmonary Arteries.

PMID- 19969827
TI  - A Case of Mammary Gland Tissue in the Axilla.

PMID- 19969828
TI  - Malignant Thymoma with Metastases.

PMID- 19969829
TI  - The Intimal Lesion of the Aorta in Rheumatic Infections.

PMID- 19969830
TI  - Tissue Changes Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency in the Rat.

PMID- 19969831
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland: VII. A Comparison
      between the Effect of Administration of Thyroxin, Thyroid and Anterior Pituitary
      Substance on the Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland in the Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19969832
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland: IX. The Influence of
      Variations in Size of the Remaining Part of the Gland, in Mode of Administration
      and in Quantity of Potassium Iodide on the Hypertrophy of the Thyroid in the
      Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19969833
TI  - The Effect of Underfeeding on the Proliferative Activity of the Thyroid Gland in
      the Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19969834
TI  - The Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Potassium Iodide on the Proliferative
      Activity of the Thyroid Gland in Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19969835
TI  - Biopsy Histology in the Grading of Rectal Carcinoma.

PMID- 19969836
TI  - The Progressive Anemia Following a Single Intramarrow Injection of B. Welchii
      Toxins.

PMID- 19969837
TI  - Hemangioblastoma of the Cerebellum (Lindau's Disease).

PMID- 19969838
TI  - Studies on Filterable Viruses: III. Further Observations on Vaccine Virus.

PMID- 19969839
TI  - Neuroepithelioma of the Cerebellum.

PMID- 19969841
TI  - Fenestrations of the Semilunar Valves.

PMID- 19969840
TI  - The Effect of Combined Feeding of Potassium Iodide and Anterior Lobe of the
      Pituitary upon the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19969843
TI  - Lymphoepithelioma.

PMID- 19969842
TI  - So-Called Infectious Sarcoma of the Dog in an Unusual Anatomic Situation.

PMID- 19969844
TI  - Meningococcus Endocarditis: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19969845
TI  - Suggestions for Staining Tumors of Spongioblastic Origin.

PMID- 19969846
TI  - Comments on the Impregnation of Neuroglia with Ammoniacal Silver Salts.

PMID- 19969847
TI  - Silver Staining of the Skin and of Its Tumors.

PMID- 19969848
TI  - Meconium Ileus with Congenital Stenosis of the Main Pancreatic Duct.

PMID- 19969849
TI  - The Percentage of the Different Types of Cells in the Male Adult Human
      Hypophysis.

PMID- 19969850
TI  - A Malignant Mediastinal Teratoma.

PMID- 19969851
TI  - Two of the Rarer Congenital Anomalies of the Heart.

PMID- 19969853
TI  - Myeloblastic Sarcoma of the Cranium.

PMID- 19969852
TI  - Studies on Sex Interstitial Cells in Gigantism.

PMID- 19969854
TI  - Teratoma of the Neck.

PMID- 19969855
TI  - The Vessel Canals in Normal and Pathological Bone.

PMID- 19969856
TI  - Electric Shock.

PMID- 19969857
TI  - A Case of Meningitis Due to Endomyces Capsulatus (New Species).

PMID- 19969858
TI  - Light as a Factor in the Impregnation of Brain Sections with the Ammoniacal
      Silver Salts.

PMID- 19969859
TI  - Multiple Focal Splenitis of Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19969860
TI  - The Diagnostic Reliability of Frozen Sections.

PMID- 19969861
TI  - The Pathology of Hemangioma of Bone.

PMID- 19969862
TI  - Congenital Malformation of Heart with Anomalous Insertion of Pulmonary Veins,
      Absence of Spleen, Situs Inversus of Abdominal Viscera and Other Developmental
      Errors: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19969863
TI  - Involvement of Medium-Sized Arteries Associated with Syphilitic Aortitis.

PMID- 19969864
TI  - Accessory Pancreases; Report of a Case with a Discussion of Their Pathology and
      Origin.

PMID- 19969865
TI  - The Effect of Potassium Iodide, Thyroid Extract and Anterior Pituitary Extract
      Upon Regeneration and Early Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19969866
TI  - Auto- and Homoiotransplantation of Cross-Striated Muscle Tissue in the Rat.

PMID- 19969868
TI  - Intravital Staining of Microglia with Trypan Blue.

PMID- 19969867
TI  - Intracranial Chordoblastoma.

PMID- 19969869
TI  - Abnormality of the Cerebrum and Leptomeninges Simulating an Intracranial Tumor.

PMID- 19969871
TI  - The Production of Allergic Inflammation in the Kidneys.

PMID- 19969870
TI  - Tissue Culture Studies of the Glioblastoma Multiforme.

PMID- 19969872
TI  - The Effect of Combined Potassium Iodide and Thyroid Substance Upon the Thyroid
      Gland.

PMID- 19969873
TI  - Pathologic Histology of Adrenalectomized Cats.

PMID- 19969874
TI  - Congenital Anomalies of the Liver.

PMID- 19969875
TI  - The Finer Histology of the Normal Glomerulus.

PMID- 19969876
TI  - The Cytological Changes Occurring in the Glomerulus of Clinical
      Glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 19969877
TI  - Lipoid Nephrosis.

PMID- 19969878
TI  - Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning with Macroscopic Fat in the Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19969879
TI  - Experimental Obstructive Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19969880
TI  - Obstructive Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19969881
TI  - Study of a Meningioma in Supravital Preparations, Tissue Culture and Paraffin
      Sectios.

PMID- 19969882
TI  - Degenerative Changes in the Male Germinal Epithelium in Acute Alcoholism and
      Their Possible Relationship to Blastophthoria.

PMID- 19969884
TI  - Neuro-Epithelioma (Glioma) of Retina with Metastases.

PMID- 19969883
TI  - The Venous Drainage of the Cat Spleen.

PMID- 19969885
TI  - Origin of the Perivascular Phagocytes of Granulation Tissue.

PMID- 19969887
TI  - Studies on the Submaxillary Virus of Guinea Pigs: II. The Nuclear Cell,
      Nucleocytoplasmic and Inclusion-Nuclear Indices of the Affected Cells.

PMID- 19969886
TI  - Metastatic Inoculation of a Meningioma by Cancer Cells from a Bronchiogenic
      Carcinoma.

PMID- 19969888
TI  - Changes in the Thyroid Gland of the Guinea Pig Following a Period of
      Administration of Potassium Iodide.

PMID- 19969890
TI  - Metastatic Carcinoma in the Spleen: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19969889
TI  - The Effect of Potassium Iodide upon the Thyroid Gland of Underfed Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19969891
TI  - Further Notes on the Cerebellar Medulloblastomas: The Effect of Roentgen
      Radiation.

PMID- 19969892
TI  - Mixed Tumors of the Palate.

PMID- 19969893
TI  - A Pathological Study of Primary Myocardial Amyloidosis.

PMID- 19969894
TI  - Generalized Amyloidosis of the Muscular Systems.

PMID- 19969895
TI  - A Comparison of the Lesions of Fowl-Pox and Vaccinia in the Chick with Especial
      Reference to the Virus Bodies.

PMID- 19969896
TI  - The Value of the Arneth Count in Determining the Age of Neutrophile (Amphophile)
      Leucocytes (Rabbit): The Action of Benzol VIII.

PMID- 19969897
TI  - The Normal Life Span of the Neutrophile (Amphophile) Leucocyte (Rabbit): The
      Action of Benzol IX.

PMID- 19969898
TI  - Complete Situs Inversus of the Vena Cava Superior.

PMID- 19969899
TI  - The Total Number of Glomeruli in the Congenitally Asymmetrical Kidney.

PMID- 19969900
TI  - Papillary Adenoma of the Urinary Bladder in the Ox: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19969901
TI  - The Vascularization of the Epicardial and Periaortic Fat Pads.

PMID- 19969902
TI  - The Local Effect of the Injection of Gases into the Subcutaneous Tissues.

PMID- 19969903
TI  - Contribution to the Study of the Sympathetic Nerves of the Appendix. The
      Musculonervous Complex of the Submucosa.

PMID- 19969904
TI  - Multiple Intracranial Angiomas.

PMID- 19969906
TI  - Cytoplasmic Inclusions Produced by the Submaxillary Virus.

PMID- 19969905
TI  - Meningiomas: With Special Reference to the Multiple Intracranial Type.

PMID- 19969907
TI  - Studies in the Entiology of Simple Goiter.

PMID- 19969908
TI  - Nephrosis in Multiple Myeloma.

PMID- 19969909
TI  - The Pathological Similarity of Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans and Endemic Ergotism.

PMID- 19969910
TI  - A Congenital Anomaly of the Heart (Truncus Arteriosus Communis with Subacute
      Endocarditis).

PMID- 19969911
TI  - Madura Foot Due to Monosporium Apiospermum in a Native American.

PMID- 19969912
TI  - The Calcification of Tubercles by Means of Irradiated Ergosterol.

PMID- 19969913
TI  - Histological Changes in the Renal Glomerulus in Essential (Primary) Hypertension:
      A Study of Fifty-One Cases.

PMID- 19969914
TI  - A Case of Lymphoblastoma, Hodgkin's Disease and Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19969915
TI  - Tissue Reactions in Rabbits Following Intravenous Injection of Bacteria.

PMID- 19969916
TI  - A Clinical and Pathological Study of Periarteritis Nodosa: A Report of Five
      Cases, One Histologically Healed.

PMID- 19969917
TI  - Primary Sympathicoblastoma of the Skin of the Thigh.

PMID- 19969918
TI  - Silver Staining of the Endoneurial Fibers of the Cerebrospinal Nerves.

PMID- 19969919
TI  - A Further Modification of Del Rio-Hortega's Method of Staining Oligodendroglia.

PMID- 19969921
TI  - Marked Dilatation of the Left Auricle of the Heart: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19969920
TI  - Results Following Intrarenal Arterial Tuberculin Injections in Normal and
      Tuberculous Monkeys, Goats and Swine.

PMID- 19969922
TI  - Histological Studies on the Brain of a Craniopagus.

PMID- 19969923
TI  - Congenital Aneurysm of the Interventricular Septum: Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19969924
TI  - Renal Lesions with Retention of Nitrogenous Products Produced by Massive Doses of
      Irradiated Ergosterol.

PMID- 19969925
TI  - The Significance of the Muscular "Stroma" of Argentaffin Tumors (Carcinoids).

PMID- 19969926
TI  - Metastasizing "Carcinoid" Tumor of Jejunum.

PMID- 19969928
TI  - Diagnosis of Intracranial Tumors by Supravital Technique.

PMID- 19969927
TI  - Reticulum. Its Origin. The Occurrence of Reticulum Fibrils in Capillary
      Endothelium. A New Method Of Demonstration. II. The Finer Capillary Bed.

PMID- 19969929
TI  - Small Cell Carcinomas of the Lung.

PMID- 19969930
TI  - Skeletal Metastases in Carcinoma of the Thyroid.

PMID- 19969931
TI  - Multiple Gummas of the Heart in the New Born.

PMID- 19969932
TI  - Reticulin.

PMID- 19969933
TI  - The Pathology of the Spleen in Yellow Fever.

PMID- 19969934
TI  - The Pathology of the Liver in Yellow Fiver.

PMID- 19969936
TI  - The Nature of Fowl-Pox Virus as Indicated by Its Reaction to Treatment with
      Potassium Hydroxide and Other Chemicals.

PMID- 19969935
TI  - Regeneration of Liver and Kidney Following Yellow Fever.

PMID- 19969937
TI  - The Relation of the Virus of Fowl-Pox to the Specific Cellular Inclusions of the
      Disease.

PMID- 19969938
TI  - Rhinosporidium Seeberi: Pathological Histology and Report of the Third Case from
      the United States.

PMID- 19969940
TI  - Studies in Tissue-Immunity: Cellular Reactions of the Skin of the Guinea Pig as
      Influenced by Local Active Immunization.

PMID- 19969939
TI  - Endocardial Pockets.

PMID- 19969941
TI  - A Comparative Histological Study of Acute Meningo-Encephalitis Produced in Rabbit
      by the Viruses of Neurovaccinia and Herpes Simplex.

PMID- 19969942
TI  - A Comparison of the Inclusion Bodies of Fowl-Pox and Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19969943
TI  - Benign Polymorphocellular Tumors of the Knee Region.

PMID- 19969944
TI  - The Circulatory Pattern in the Islands of Langerhans.

PMID- 19969945
TI  - Interacinar Epithelium of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19969946
TI  - Practical Suggestions for Silver Impregnation of Connective Tissue.

PMID- 19969947
TI  - Experimental Glomerulonephritis in a Monkey.

PMID- 19969948
TI  - A Case of Hypernephroma with Tumor Thrombosis of Vena Cava and Heart.

PMID- 19969949
TI  - Chronic Typhoid Cholecystitis.

PMID- 19969950
TI  - Infectious Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19969951
TI  - Transformation of Sinusoidal Endothelium into the Ordinary Capillary Type.

PMID- 19969952
TI  - Congenital Rhabdomyoma of the Heart.

PMID- 19969953
TI  - Supravital Staining with Silver Ammonium Carbonate.

PMID- 19969954
TI  - Susceptibility of the Gopher (Citellus Tridecemlineatus) to Mycobacterium
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19969955
TI  - The Pathological Changes Following Experimental Exposure of Dogs to Mycobacterium
      Tuberculosis of Avian Origin.

PMID- 19969957
TI  - Chondrosarcoma with Intravascular Growth and Tumor Emboli to Lungs.

PMID- 19969956
TI  - Primary Neoplasm of Heart Valve.

PMID- 19969958
TI  - Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis: Report of two cases in which Gallstones could not be
      Considered Essential Etiological Factors.

PMID- 19969959
TI  - Intestinal Adenoma in Swine.

PMID- 19969960
TI  - Primary Liposarcoma of Bone.

PMID- 19969961
TI  - Pathological Study of a Case of Endemic Typhus in Virginia with Demonstration of
      Rickettsia.

PMID- 19969962
TI  - Metastatic Tumours in the Thyreoid Gland.

PMID- 19969964
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of the Heart.

PMID- 19969963
TI  - The Susceptibility of the Chorio-Allantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos to Infection
      with the Fowl-Pox Virus.

PMID- 19969965
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease: A Persistent Ostium Atrioventriculare Commune with
      Septal Defects in a Mongolian Idiot.

PMID- 19969966
TI  - The Specific Character of Toxic Cirrhosis as Observed in Cinchophen Poisoning: A
      Review of Five Fatal Cases.

PMID- 19969967
TI  - Granulomatous Abscess of the Liver of Pyogenic Origin.

PMID- 19969968
TI  - Erythroblastosis with Jaundice and Edema in the Newly Born.

PMID- 19969969
TI  - Streptococcus Hepatitis.

PMID- 19969971
TI  - Experimental Hepatic Pigmentation and Cirrhosis: II. The Effect of Heavy Carrot
      Feeding on the Rabbit's Liver.

PMID- 19969970
TI  - Experimental Hepatic Pigmentation and Cirrhosis: I Does Copper Poisoning Produce
      Pigmentation and Cirrhosis of the Liver?

PMID- 19969972
TI  - Experimental Copper Poisoning.

PMID- 19969973
TI  - The Microchemical Demonstration of Copper in Pigment Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19969974
TI  - Spontaneous and Experimental Infection of Pigeons with B. Aertrycke.

PMID- 19969975
TI  - A Systematic Study of the Degeneration of Articular Cartilage in Bovine Joints.

PMID- 19969976
TI  - Metastatic Carcinoma Simulating Hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 19969977
TI  - Implantation Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Ovarian Origin.

PMID- 19969978
TI  - Topographic Anatomy and Histology of the Valves in the Human Heart.

PMID- 19969979
TI  - Avian Tuberculosis in Normal and Vaccinated Rabbits.

PMID- 19969980
TI  - The Significance of Lesions Resembling Hodgkin's Disease in Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19969981
TI  - An Interpretation of the Nature of Hodgkin's Disease.

PMID- 19969982
TI  - An Investigation of Spirochetosis of the Dental Anlage in Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19969983
TI  - Inflammatory Adenomatoid Hyperplasia of the Major Duodenal Papilla in Man.

PMID- 19969984
TI  - The Effect of Testicle Extract on the Rous Sarcoma.

PMID- 19969985
TI  - Dissecting Aneurysms.

PMID- 19969986
TI  - Two Cases of Melanoma of the Meninges with Autopsy.

PMID- 19969987
TI  - On the Silver Impregnation of Melanotic Tumors.

PMID- 19969988
TI  - Massive Unattached Retroperitoneal Tumors: An Explanation of Unattached
      Retroperitonel Tumors Based on Remnants of the Embryonic Urogenital Apparatus.

PMID- 19969989
TI  - Papilliferous Tumors of the Thyroid Gland and of Aberrant Thyroid Tissue.

PMID- 19969991
TI  - Melanosis Mucosae Appendicis Vermiformis.

PMID- 19969990
TI  - A Case of Myeloma with Unusual Amyloid Deposition.

PMID- 19969992
TI  - Mast Myelocyte Leukemia in a Cat.

PMID- 19969994
TI  - Renal Lesions in the Toxemias of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19969993
TI  - Tumors of the Islands of Langerhans and Hypoglycemia.

PMID- 19969995
TI  - Multiple Infarcts and Necroses of the Spleen (Fleckmilz).

PMID- 19969996
TI  - Tumors in Captive Primates: Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19969997
TI  - Infectious Oral Papillomatosis of Dogs.

PMID- 19969998
TI  - Tularemic Encephalitis: Pathology of Acute Tularemia with Brain Involvement and
      Coexisting Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19969999
TI  - A Study of Vaccine Virus Pneumonia in Rabbits.

PMID- 19970000
TI  - The Frequency of Anomalous Reticula in the Right Atrium of the Human Heart
      "Chiari Network": Report of Eight Cases.

PMID- 19970001
TI  - Syphilitic Aortic Endocarditis and Superimposed Bacterial (Streptococcus
      Viridans) Endocarditis.

PMID- 19970002
TI  - Quantitative Observations on the Valves of the Human Heart.

PMID- 19970003
TI  - Formation of Bone Marrow in the Suprarenal Gland.

PMID- 19970004
TI  - Intranuclear and Cytoplasmic Inclusions ("Protozoan-Like Bodies") in the Salivary
      Glands and Other Organs of Infants.

PMID- 19970006
TI  - The Occurrence of Intranuclear Inclusions in Monkeys Unaccompanied by Specific
      Signs of Disease.

PMID- 19970005
TI  - Yellow Fever Encephalitis of the Monkey (Macacus Rhesus).

PMID- 19970007
TI  - Anatomical Changes in the Livers of Dogs Following Mechanical Constriction of the
      Hepatic Veins.

PMID- 19970008
TI  - Torula Infection: A Review and Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19970009
TI  - Studies of Experimental Muscle Degeneration: I. Factors in the Production of
      Muscle Degeneration.

PMID- 19970010
TI  - Studies of Experimental Muscle Degeneration: II. Standard Method of Causation of
      Degeneration, and Repair of the Injured Muscle.

PMID- 19970011
TI  - Vital Staining of the Rabbit's Aorta in the Study of Arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 19970012
TI  - The Effect of Cabbage Feeding on the Morphology of the Thyroid of Rabbits.

PMID- 19970014
TI  - The Question of a Specific Myocardial Lesion in Hyperthyroidism (Basedow's
      Disease).

PMID- 19970013
TI  - A Technique of Silver Impregnation for General Laboratory Purposes.

PMID- 19970015
TI  - Osteitis Fibrosa.

PMID- 19970016
TI  - Vaccinal Infection of the Chorio-Allantoic Membrane of the Chick Embryo.

PMID- 19970017
TI  - Subcutaneous Nodules in Chronic Arthritis.

PMID- 19970018
TI  - A Method for Progressive Selective Staining of Nissl and Nuclear Substance in
      Nerve Cells.

PMID- 19970020
TI  - Concerning the Histology of Melanoma: II. With Special Consideration as to the
      Nervous Elements of the Tumor.

PMID- 19970019
TI  - Concerning the Histology of Melanoma.

PMID- 19970021
TI  - Histochemical Studies by Microincineration of Normal and Neoplastic Tissues.

PMID- 19970022
TI  - A Case of Multiple Papillomata of the Larynx with Aerial Metastases to Lungs.

PMID- 19970023
TI  - Lumbosacral Teratoma Associated with Spina Bifida Occulta: Report of a Case with
      Review of the Literature.

PMID- 19970024
TI  - Micrococcus Pharyngis Siccus Endocarditis.

PMID- 19970025
TI  - Effect of Radium Emanation on the Histocyte in the Liver of the White Rat.

PMID- 19970027
TI  - Experimental and Spontaneous Schwannomas (Peripheral Gliomas): II. Spontaneous
      Schwannomas.

PMID- 19970026
TI  - Experimental and Spontaneous Schwannomas (Peripheral Gliomas): I. Experimental
      Schwannomas.

PMID- 19970028
TI  - The Origin of Epithelium-Lined Blood Cysts (Chocolate Cysts) of the Ovary from
      the Graafian Follicle and Its Derivatives.

PMID- 19970029
TI  - Melitensis Meningo-Encephalitis: Mycotic Aneurysm Due to Brucella Melitensis Var.
      Porcine.

PMID- 19970030
TI  - An Instance of Adamantinoma of the Jaw with Metastases to the Right Lung.

PMID- 19970031
TI  - Transient Pachymenia of the Intima of the Aorta with Reference to Juvenile
      Arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 19970032
TI  - Melanoma Studies: I. The Dopa Reaction in General Pathology.

PMID- 19970033
TI  - Melanoma Studies: II. A Simple Technique for the Dopa Reaction.

PMID- 19970035
TI  - Studies in the Pathology of Development: II. Some Aspects of Defective
      Development in the Dorsal Midline.

PMID- 19970034
TI  - A Study of the Repair of Articular Cartilage and the Reaction of Normal Joints of
      Adult Dogs to Surgically Created Defects of Articular Cartilage,"Joint Mice" and
      Patellar Displacement.

PMID- 19970036
TI  - Studies on the Nature of the Negri Body.

PMID- 19970037
TI  - The Circulation in the Pancreatic Lobule after Partial Venous Obstruction.

PMID- 19970038
TI  - A Simple Method for Studying the Cytology of the Infectious Myxoma of the Rabbit.

PMID- 19970039
TI  - Glomerular Lesions Associated with Endocarditis.

PMID- 19970041
TI  - Histological Studies of Hypersensitive Reactions.

PMID- 19970040
TI  - Glomerular Changes in the Kidneys of Rabbits and Monkeys Induced by Uranium
      Nitrate, Mercuric Chloride and Potassium Bichromate.

PMID- 19970042
TI  - A Histochemical Study by Microincineration of the Inclusion Body of Fowl-Pox.

PMID- 19970043
TI  - Medionecrosis Aortae Idiopathica Cystica.

PMID- 19970044
TI  - Mesenterium Commune with Intestinal Obstruction.

PMID- 19970045
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of the Bones Associated with Tumor of a Parathyroid Gland:
      Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970046
TI  - A Study of the Pathogenicity of the Bacillus of Calmette-Guerin (B.C.G.).

PMID- 19970047
TI  - Two Simple Methods for the Silver Impregnation of Nerve Fibers in Paraffin
      Sections of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System.

PMID- 19970048
TI  - The Effect of Different Types of Fixation on the Silver Impregnation of Paraffin
      Sections of Peripheral Nerve.

PMID- 19970049
TI  - Silver Impregnation of Glia and Nerve Fibers in Paraffin Sections after Formalin
      Fixation.

PMID- 19970050
TI  - Herpetic Infection of the Chorio-Allantoic Membrane of the Chick Embryo.

PMID- 19970051
TI  - Metastatic Calcification Occurring in Myelogenous Leukemia.

PMID- 19970052
TI  - Myeloblastic Sarcoma of the Scapula Associated with Chronic Splenomyelogenous
      Leukemia.

PMID- 19970053
TI  - Report of a Case of Retotheliosarcoma (Reticulosarcoma) of the Cerebral
      Hemisphere.

PMID- 19970054
TI  - Experimental Study of the Effects of Potassium Bichromate on the Monkey's Kidney.

PMID- 19970055
TI  - Tuberculous Vegetations of the Trunk of the Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19970056
TI  - Microincineration Studies of Human Coronary Arteries.

PMID- 19970057
TI  - Experimental Fat Embolism of the Heart.

PMID- 19970059
TI  - Cellular Inclusions in Cerebral Lesions of Lethargic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19970058
TI  - Body Length and Organ Weights of Infants and Children: A Study of the Body Length
      and Normal Weights of the More Important Vital Organs of the Body between Birth
      and Twelve Years of Age.

PMID- 19970060
TI  - Multiple Liver Abscesses Caused by a Leptothrix, with a Review of Leptothrical
      Infection.

PMID- 19970061
TI  - Histological Study of a Case of the Eastern Type of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.

PMID- 19970062
TI  - The Microincineration of Intranuclear Inclusions in Yellow Fever.

PMID- 19970063
TI  - Studies on the Pathogenesis of Erythroleucosis.

PMID- 19970065
TI  - The Relation between the Mitochondria and Glucose-Glycogen Equilibrium in the
      Liver.

PMID- 19970064
TI  - Amyloid Disease of the Kidneys.

PMID- 19970066
TI  - The Similarity of Virus Pneumonia in Animals to Epidemic Influenza and
      Interstitial Bronchopneumonia in Man.

PMID- 19970067
TI  - Microtechnical Demonstration of Insoluble Lime Salts in Tissues.

PMID- 19970068
TI  - Pigment Deposits in Intestinal Muscle Coats and their Relation to Diet Factors.

PMID- 19970069
TI  - Structure Suggesting a Spinal Cord Found in an Ovarian Dermoid.

PMID- 19970070
TI  - The Incisor Teeth of Albino Rats and Guinea Pigs in Vitamin A Deficiency and
      Repair.

PMID- 19970071
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of the Heart: Report of 40 Cases in Portland, Oregon.

PMID- 19970073
TI  - The Origin of the Epithelioid Cell in Experimental Tuberculosis of the Cornea.

PMID- 19970072
TI  - A Comparison of the Cellular Reaction in Experimental Tuberculosis of the Cornea
      in Animals of Varying Resistance.

PMID- 19970075
TI  - Fibrosis Uteri.

PMID- 19970074
TI  - The Histological Changes in the Thyroid Gland of the White Rat Exposed to Cold.

PMID- 19970076
TI  - Hemophilus Hemolyticus Endocarditis.

PMID- 19970077
TI  - Renal Lesions Associated with Multiple Myeloma.

PMID- 19970078
TI  - Neuroblastoma Metastases in Bones, with a Criticism of Ewing's Endothelioma.

PMID- 19970079
TI  - Extreme Alteration of the Aortic Valve in Syphilitic Aortitis.

PMID- 19970081
TI  - The Percentage of the Different Types of Cells in the Anterior Lobe of the
      Hypophysis in the Adult Human Female.

PMID- 19970080
TI  - Rheumatic Heart Disease without Valvulitis.

PMID- 19970082
TI  - The Relation of Hepatitis to Cholecystitis.

PMID- 19970083
TI  - Calcified Epithelioma of the Skin.

PMID- 19970084
TI  - Sarcomatoid Metastases in the Lymph Nodes Draining a Primary Carcinoma with a
      Sarcomatoid Stroma.

PMID- 19970085
TI  - Posterior Pituitary Activity from an Anatomical Standpoint.

PMID- 19970086
TI  - A Case of Malformation Assumed to be True Hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19970087
TI  - Phosphorus and Alcoholic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19970088
TI  - The Permeability of the Kidney to Bacteria.

PMID- 19970089
TI  - The Microincineration of Herpetic Intranuclear Inclusions.

PMID- 19970091
TI  - Actinobacillosis of Man: Report of a Fatal Case.

PMID- 19970090
TI  - Rare Form of Saccular Cardiac Aneurysm with Spontaneous Rupture.

PMID- 19970092
TI  - Erythroleucoblastosis in the Newborn.

PMID- 19970093
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease with Pulmonary Arteritis: Interventricular Septal
      Defect, Dextroposition of the Aorta and Dilatation of the Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19970094
TI  - A Reducing Substance Found in Chromophilic Adenomas and in the Normal Anterior
      Pituitary.

PMID- 19970095
TI  - The Effect of Testicular Extract on Experimental Tuberculosis in Rabbits. I. Skin
      Lesions.

PMID- 19970096
TI  - Melanoma Studies: III. A Theory of Pigmented Moles. Their Relation to the
      Evolution of Hair Follicles.

PMID- 19970097
TI  - The Cytology of the Glioma Group; with Special Reference to the Inclusion of
      Cells Derived from the Invaded Tissue.

PMID- 19970098
TI  - The Origin of One Type of Secondary Pneumonia.

PMID- 19970099
TI  - Fibroma of the Breast.

PMID- 19970100
TI  - Liposarcoma: Report of a Case with Intracranial Metastases.

PMID- 19970101
TI  - The pH of Formalin - A Factor in Fixation: Adjustment and Stabilization of the
      Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Formalin Solutions.

PMID- 19970103
TI  - The Mallory Institute of Pathology.

PMID- 19970102
TI  - Frank Burr Mallory and the Pathological Department of the Boston City Hospital.

PMID- 19970104
TI  - Controlled Formation of Collagen and Reticulum. A Study of the Source of
      Intercellular Substance in Recovery from Experimental Scorbutus.

PMID- 19970106
TI  - The Persistence of Tuberculous Infections.

PMID- 19970105
TI  - The Cancer Cells of Serous Effusions.

PMID- 19970107
TI  - Rheumatic Peritonitis.

PMID- 19970109
TI  - Growth Inhibitor in Kidney Dessicates.

PMID- 19970108
TI  - Nodular Lesions of the Peritoneum.

PMID- 19970110
TI  - The Reaction to Fine and Medium Sized Quartz and Aluminum Oxide Particles.
      Silicotic Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19970111
TI  - A Group of Metaplastic and Neoplastic Bone- and Cartilage-Containing Tumors of
      Soft Parts.

PMID- 19970112
TI  - A Case of Congenital Lymphoblastoma.

PMID- 19970113
TI  - The Angle of the Mitotic Spindles in Malignant Cells.

PMID- 19970115
TI  - The Diagnosis of Tumors by Aspiration.

PMID- 19970114
TI  - The Effect of Caesium Chloride on Transplanted Tumors of Mice.

PMID- 19970116
TI  - The Pathology of the Bone Marrow in Sprue Anemia.

PMID- 19970118
TI  - Frontiers of parasitic diseases.

PMID- 19970117
TI  - Summary of the conference.

PMID- 19970119
TI  - Presentation of the rous-whipple award to morris j. Karnovsky-1981.

PMID- 19970121
TI  - Presentation of the gold headed cane award to harry m. Zimmerman: 1982.

PMID- 19970120
TI  - Editorial statement.

PMID- 19970122
TI  - Presentation of the warner-lambert parke-davis award to david a. Clayton and
      Michael a. Gimbrone, jr: 1982.

PMID- 19970124
TI  - Carcinoma of the Tubes and Ovaries Secondary to Carcinoma of the Body of the
      Uterus.

PMID- 19970123
TI  - Presentation of the rous-whipple award to emmanuel farber: 1982.

PMID- 19970125
TI  - Benzol Poisoning with Hyperplasia of the Bone Marrow.

PMID- 19970126
TI  - Friedreich's Ataxia: A Clinical and Pathological Study.

PMID- 19970127
TI  - Primary Neurogenic Sarcoma of the Bladder in an Infant 1 Month of Age.

PMID- 19970128
TI  - Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism.

PMID- 19970129
TI  - Studies on the Mature and Immature Lymphoid Cells of Spleen, Lymph Nodes and
      Thymus of Normal Rats and Rats Infected with Trypanosoma Brucei.

PMID- 19970130
TI  - Studies on the Mature and Immature Lymphoid Cells of the Peripheral Blood of
      Normal Rats and Rats Infected with Trypanosoma Brucei.

PMID- 19970131
TI  - The Heart Valves and Muscle in Experimental Scurvy with Superimposed Infection:
      With Notes on the Similarity of the Lesions to Those of Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970132
TI  - Report of a Case of Non-Lipoid Histiocytosis (Reticuloendotheliosis) with
      Autopsy.

PMID- 19970134
TI  - Hyperactivation of the Neurohypophysis as the Pathological Basis of Eclampsia and
      Other Hypertensive States.

PMID- 19970133
TI  - Multiple Branchiogenic Acanthoma: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970135
TI  - Cardiovascular Renal Changes Associated with Basophil Adenoma of the Anterior
      Lobe of the Pituitary (Cushing's Syndrome).

PMID- 19970136
TI  - Studies on Inflammation: X. The Cytological Picture of an Inflammatory Exudate in
      Relation to its Hydrogen Ion Concentration.

PMID- 19970137
TI  - The Cultivation of Mexican and European Typhus Rickettsiae in the Chorio
      Allantoic Membrane of the Chick Embryo.

PMID- 19970138
TI  - Cytopathological Studies of Morphine Poisoning and Chronic Morphinism in the
      Albino Rat, with Reference to Subsequent Lecithin Treatment.

PMID- 19970139
TI  - Histology of the Coronary Arteries and their Branches in the Human Heart.

PMID- 19970140
TI  - Experimental Studies on Venereal Sarcoma of the Dog.

PMID- 19970141
TI  - The Renal Lesions of Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970142
TI  - Primary Amyloid Disease of the Heart: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970144
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Duodenum.

PMID- 19970143
TI  - A Case of Hodgkin's Disease in a Dog.

PMID- 19970145
TI  - Addenda to a Theory of Pigmented Moles.

PMID- 19970146
TI  - The Effect of Single and Multiple Doses of the Parathyroid Hormone on the
      Calcification of the Dentin of the Rat Incisor.

PMID- 19970148
TI  - Polyarteritis Nodosa.

PMID- 19970147
TI  - Microglia-like Cells and their Reaction Following Injury to the Liver, Spleen and
      Kidney.

PMID- 19970150
TI  - Anomalies of the Interventricular Septum and Pulmonary Orifice: Report of two
      Cases.

PMID- 19970151
TI  - Thrombopenic Purpura Associated with Carcinoma of the Stomach with Extensive
      Metastases.

PMID- 19970149
TI  - Histological Changes in the Central Nervous System Following Equine
      Encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 19970152
TI  - Tracheo-esophageal Fistula of Syphilitic Origin: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970153
TI  - Myxoma of the Heart Valves: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970154
TI  - Microscopic Metastases in the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19970155
TI  - Sarcosporidia in the Myocardium of a Premature Infant: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970156
TI  - Occurrence of Amyloidosis in Rabbits Experimentally Infected with Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19970157
TI  - A Study of the Action of a Filtrable Staphylococcal Toxin on the Kidneys of
      Normal Rabbits.

PMID- 19970158
TI  - A Histological Study of the Adrenal Cortex in Mongolism.

PMID- 19970160
TI  - Studies on the Myocardial Aschoff Body: I. Descriptive Classification of Lesions.

PMID- 19970159
TI  - Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions of the Lymphocyte, the Myelocyte, the
      Erythrocyte and the Reticulum Cell.

PMID- 19970161
TI  - Studies on the Myocardial Aschoff Body: II. Life Cycle, Sites of Predilection and
      Relation to Clinical Course of Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970162
TI  - The Disappearance of Glomeruli in Chronic Kidney Disease.

PMID- 19970163
TI  - Actinomycosis of Tubes and Ovaries: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970164
TI  - Extragenital Chorionepithelioma in a Male.

PMID- 19970165
TI  - Multiple Hemangioblastomas of the Spinal Cord with Syringomyelia: A Case of
      Lindau's Disease.

PMID- 19970166
TI  - Formation of Intercellular Substance by the Administration of Ascorbic Acid
      (Vitamin C) in Experimental Scorbutus.

PMID- 19970167
TI  - Inclusions in Renal Epithelial Cells Following the Use of Certain Bismuth
      Compounds.

PMID- 19970168
TI  - Glycogen-Storage Disease: Thesaurismosis Glycogenica (von Gierke).

PMID- 19970169
TI  - Alterations in Mineral Constituents of Anterior Horn Cells in Experimental
      Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19970171
TI  - Encephalomyelitis, Probably Due to Lead Poisoning: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970170
TI  - Intranuclear Inclusions in the Salivary Glands of Moles.

PMID- 19970172
TI  - Unidentified Parasite in Heart Muscle.

PMID- 19970173
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Major Bronchi.

PMID- 19970174
TI  - The Functional Reactions of the Human Thyroid: A Contribution to its
      Histophysiology.

PMID- 19970175
TI  - A Unique Infection in Man Caused by a New Yeast-Like Organism, a Pathogenic
      Member of the Genus Sepedonium.

PMID- 19970176
TI  - A Free Growth Period of Tubercle Bacilli in the Guinea Pig Omentum as Related to
      the Hypersensitive State.

PMID- 19970177
TI  - Syphilitic Aneurysm of Left Coronary Artery with Concurrent Aneurysm of a Sinus
      of Valsalva, and an Additional Case of Valsalva Aneurysm Alone.

PMID- 19970178
TI  - Adamantinoma of the Upper Jaw: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970179
TI  - Congenital Atresia of the Tricuspid Orifice and Anomalous Origins of the Coronary
      Arteries from the Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19970180
TI  - Calcification in the Brains of Equidae and of Bovidae.

PMID- 19970181
TI  - Focal Fat Infiltration in the Liver.

PMID- 19970182
TI  - Meningioma of the Tuberculum Sellae with Hyperostosis: Report of a Case with
      Autopsy Findings.

PMID- 19970183
TI  - Primary Intramedullary Neurogenic Sarcoma of the Ulna: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970184
TI  - The Relation of Increased Intra-abdominal Pressure to the Liver Lesions of
      Eclampsia.

PMID- 19970185
TI  - Changes Produced in the Central Nervous System of the Mouse by the Virus of St.
      Louis Encephalitis.

PMID- 19970186
TI  - The Pathology of the Parathyroid Gland in Hyperparathyroidism: A Study of 25
      Cases.

PMID- 19970187
TI  - Subacute Lymphatic Leukemia: Histogenetic Study of a Case with Three Biopsies.

PMID- 19970189
TI  - Myocardial Lesions in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis.

PMID- 19970188
TI  - Hepato-Adrenal Necrosis with Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970190
TI  - Hepatic Infarction.

PMID- 19970192
TI  - Enlargement of the Parathyroid Glands in Renal Disease.

PMID- 19970191
TI  - Annular Pancreas: Report of a Case, with a Simple Method for Visualizing the Duct
      System.

PMID- 19970193
TI  - Atypical Amyloid Disease.

PMID- 19970194
TI  - Hemorrhagic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19970195
TI  - Distribution of Nuclear Inclusions in Wild Animals.

PMID- 19970197
TI  - Endometriosis of the Umbilicus.

PMID- 19970196
TI  - Lesions of the Coronary Arteries and Their Branches in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970198
TI  - The Ectopic Decidual Reaction and its Significance in Endometriosis.

PMID- 19970199
TI  - Diffuse Arteritis of Syphilitic Origin.

PMID- 19970200
TI  - Congenital Anomaly of the Heart: Report of a Case, with Embryological Discussion.

PMID- 19970201
TI  - Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970202
TI  - Interventricular Septal Defect, Dextroposition of Aorta, and Dilatation of
      Pulmonary Artery: Report of a Case with Structural Pathogenesis.

PMID- 19970203
TI  - A Malignant Hemangioma of the Lung with Multiple Metastases.

PMID- 19970205
TI  - Congenital Megacolon.

PMID- 19970204
TI  - Antigrowth Effect of Lipoid Fractions of Tissue Extracts.

PMID- 19970206
TI  - Cystic Disease of the Kidneys.

PMID- 19970207
TI  - The Lipid Content of Livers of Non-Immunized and Immunized Horsse.

PMID- 19970208
TI  - A Ganglioneuroma in the Neck of a Child.

PMID- 19970209
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Lung: A Pathological Study.

PMID- 19970211
TI  - Glomerular Changes in Arteriosclerotic Contraction of the Kidney.

PMID- 19970210
TI  - Histological Effects of Potassium Iodide and Thyroid Substance on the Thyroid
      Gland of the Guinea Pig in Experimental Scurvy.

PMID- 19970212
TI  - Reaction of Pulmonary Tissue to Lipiodol.

PMID- 19970213
TI  - Infarction of the Liver.

PMID- 19970214
TI  - Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas in a Fifteen Year Old Boy.

PMID- 19970215
TI  - Basophilic Degeneration of Heart Muscle.

PMID- 19970216
TI  - Adeno-Acanthoma of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19970217
TI  - Erythroblastosis: Report of a Case Presenting an Erythroblastic Tumor in the
      Thoracic Cavity.

PMID- 19970218
TI  - Alteration in Serum Bilirubin and Bromsulphalein Retention in Relation to
      Morphological Changes in the Liver and Bile Passages in Cats with Total Biliary
      Stasis.

PMID- 19970219
TI  - Siderotic Nodules (Gandy-Gamna Bodies) in Primary Renal Carcinoma.

PMID- 19970220
TI  - Primary Melanosarcoma of the Leptomeninges.

PMID- 19970221
TI  - The Influence of Anaphylactic Shock on the Finer Structure of the Liver in the
      Dog.

PMID- 19970222
TI  - Lesions in the Roots of the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970223
TI  - Nuclear Inclusions Suggestive of Virus Action in the Salivary Glands of the
      Monkey, Cebus Fatuellus.

PMID- 19970224
TI  - Nuclear Inclusions in the Kidneys of Macacus Rhesus Monkeys.

PMID- 19970225
TI  - Neuropathology of Experimental Vitamin Deficiency: A Report of Four Series of
      Dogs Maintained on Diets Deficient in the B Vitamins.

PMID- 19970226
TI  - Monocytes as a Source of Alveolar Phagocytes.

PMID- 19970227
TI  - Chronic Pulmonary Arteritis in Schistosomiasis Mansoni Associated with Right
      Ventricular Hypertrophy: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970228
TI  - Early Cardiac Infarction Caused by an Embolus of Caseous Tuberculous Material:
      Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970230
TI  - The Virus of Lymphogranuloma Inguinale.

PMID- 19970229
TI  - Lesions of the Left Auricle in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970231
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Prostate.

PMID- 19970232
TI  - An Anencephalic Monster with "Rhinodymie" and other Anomalies.

PMID- 19970233
TI  - Anomalies of the Circle of Willis with Resulting Encephalomalacia and Cerebral
      Hemorrhage.

PMID- 19970234
TI  - Experimental Gastric Erosions Following Hypothalamic Lesions in Monkeys.

PMID- 19970235
TI  - Functional Cor Triloculare Biatria: Report of a Case with a Malposition of the
      Septum in the Ventricles.

PMID- 19970236
TI  - An Improved Technique for Silver Impregnation of Reticulum Fibers.

PMID- 19970237
TI  - Neurofibroma of the Pharynx Associated with von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19970238
TI  - A Technique for Demonstrating the Perivascular Nerves of the Pia Mater and
      Central Nervous System.

PMID- 19970239
TI  - Papillomatosis Peritonei.

PMID- 19970241
TI  - The Cutaneous Glomus and its Tumors-Glomangiomas.

PMID- 19970240
TI  - Studies on the Relation between Microglia, Histiocytes and Monocytes.

PMID- 19970242
TI  - Corneal Reactions of Normal and of Tuberculous Guinea Pigs to Tuberculo-Protein
      and Tuberculo-Phosphatide.

PMID- 19970243
TI  - The Significance of the Cellular Variations Occurring in Normal Synovial Fluid.

PMID- 19970244
TI  - Effect of Centrifugation on Herpetic Intranuclear Inclusions with a Note on
      Cytoplasmic Inclusions of Unknown Origin in the Rabbit Cornea.

PMID- 19970245
TI  - Primary Amyloidosis Limited to Tissue of Mesodermal Origin.

PMID- 19970246
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of the Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19970248
TI  - A Study of Adrenal Cortex Morphology.

PMID- 19970247
TI  - The Pathological Changes in the Bone Marrow in Agranulocytosis.

PMID- 19970249
TI  - A Chemical Analysis of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Human Aortas.

PMID- 19970250
TI  - Treponema Pallidum in Syphilitic Aortic Valvulitis of a Congenitally Bicuspid
      Valve with Subaortic Stenosis: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970251
TI  - A Spectrographic Study of Leprous Lesions.

PMID- 19970252
TI  - Lesions in the Auriculoventricular Conduction System Occurring in Rheumatic
      Fever.

PMID- 19970253
TI  - Benign and Malignant Hypertension and Nephrosclerosis: A Clinical and
      Pathological Study.

PMID- 19970254
TI  - Intercapillary Lesions in the Glomeruli of the Kidney.

PMID- 19970255
TI  - Inflammatory Lesions in the Glomeruli in Pyelonephritis in Relation to
      Hypertension and Renal Insufficiency.

PMID- 19970256
TI  - Direct Bacteriological Experimentation on the Living Mammalian Fetus.

PMID- 19970257
TI  - Intracerebral Inoculation of Fetal Guinea Pigs with Bacille Calmette-Guerin and
      the H(37) Strain of Tubercle Bacillus.

PMID- 19970258
TI  - Susceptibility of the Guinea Pig Fetus to Vaccinia.

PMID- 19970259
TI  - Susceptibility of the Guinea Pig Fetus to the Submaxillary Gland Virus of Guinea
      Pigs.

PMID- 19970260
TI  - Pericardial Lesions in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970261
TI  - Subclinical Adenoma of the Pituitary Gland.

PMID- 19970262
TI  - Nuclear Alterations Following Intravenous Injections of Glucose and of Other
      Solutions.

PMID- 19970263
TI  - Dermatomyositis: A Report of Two Cases with Complete Autopsy.

PMID- 19970264
TI  - Spontaneous Leukemia and Chloroleukemia in the Rat.

PMID- 19970265
TI  - Mitral Stenosis with Interauricular Insufficiency.

PMID- 19970266
TI  - The Brains of Infants and Children in Relation to Postmortem Time, Toxicity and
      Convulsive State.

PMID- 19970267
TI  - Comparative Chemical and Histological Examinations of Aortas for Calcium Content:
      Series I.

PMID- 19970268
TI  - The Calcium Content of Arteriosclerotic Aortas: Series II.

PMID- 19970270
TI  - The Changes in the Appearance of the Wall of a Muscular Artery Between Diastolic
      and Systolic Blood Pressures.

PMID- 19970269
TI  - Studies of a Paralysis Syndrome Produced in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs by Extracts
      of Normal Primate Bone Marrow.

PMID- 19970271
TI  - Clinical and Pathological Features of an Infection Caused by a New Pathogen of
      the Genus Listerella.

PMID- 19970272
TI  - Malignant Teratoma of the Mediastinum: Report of a Case and Review of 24 Cases
      From the Literature.

PMID- 19970273
TI  - The Visceral Pathology in Scarlet Fever and Related Streptococcus Infections.

PMID- 19970275
TI  - A Virus Disease of Owls.

PMID- 19970274
TI  - Acute and Chronic Bacillary Dysentery.

PMID- 19970276
TI  - So-Called Atrophy of the Adrenal Cortex with Intranuclear Inclusions: Report of a
      Case.

PMID- 19970278
TI  - The Origin and Significance of Newly Formed Lymph Vessels in Carcinomatous
      Peritoneal Implants.

PMID- 19970277
TI  - Adeno-Acanthoma Sarcomatodes of the Mammary Gland: Report of a Case, with a
      Critical Review of the Literature on Squamous Epithelium in Intramammary Tumors.

PMID- 19970280
TI  - The Histopathology of Experimental Mumps in the Monkey, Macacus Rhesus.

PMID- 19970279
TI  - Lesions of the Cardiac Valve Rings in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970281
TI  - Comparison of the Behavior of a Neurotesticular and a Dermal Strain of Vaccine
      Virus in the Chorio-Allantoic Membrane of the Chick Embryo.

PMID- 19970282
TI  - A Comparison of the Growth Curves of Malignant and Normal (Embryonic and
      Postembryonic) Tissues of the Rat.

PMID- 19970283
TI  - A Biological Method for Sterilizing Contaminated Transplantable Tumors.

PMID- 19970284
TI  - A Simple Method for the Silver Impregnation of Reticulum.

PMID- 19970285
TI  - Symmetrical Cortical Necrosis of the Kidneys: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970287
TI  - A Lead Hematoxylin Stain for Axis Cylinders.

PMID- 19970286
TI  - Malignant Teratoma of the Urinary Bladdre: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970288
TI  - The Nature and Significance of the Structural Changes in the Lungs in Mitral
      Stenosis.

PMID- 19970289
TI  - The Evolution and Involution of the Prostate Gland.

PMID- 19970291
TI  - The Relation of Age and Hypertension to the Structure of the Small Arteries and
      Arterioles in Skeletal Muscle.

PMID- 19970290
TI  - Certain Cytoplasmic Inclusions of Liver Cells.

PMID- 19970292
TI  - Microtechnical Demonstration of Iron: A Criticism of its Methods.

PMID- 19970293
TI  - The Regeneration of Autoplastic Splenic Transplants.

PMID- 19970294
TI  - Meningococcus Myocarditis.

PMID- 19970295
TI  - The Relation of Diet to the Occurrence of Gastric Lesions in the Rat.

PMID- 19970296
TI  - Amyloidosis of Lungs and Heart.

PMID- 19970297
TI  - The Early Stages of Glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 19970298
TI  - The Interplay of the Cells of the Hematopoietic Tissues in Rabbits Infected
      Experimentally with the Tubercle Bacillus: The Origin of the Monocyte Considered.

PMID- 19970300
TI  - The Occurrence of Tumors of the Central Nervous System in Routine Autopsies.

PMID- 19970299
TI  - Lesions of the Cardiac Valves in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970301
TI  - Ultracentrifugation of Intranuclear Inclusions in the Submaxillary Glands of
      Guinea Pigs and Ground Moles.

PMID- 19970303
TI  - On Baserga's Message.

PMID- 19970302
TI  - CD Antigens 1989: Summary of Nomenclature System for Human Leacocyte Surface
      Antigens.

PMID- 19970304
TI  - Why did daedalus leave?

PMID- 19970306
TI  - Malignant Lymphogranulomatous (Hodgkin's Disease) Cirrhosis of the Liver: Report
      of a Case.

PMID- 19970305
TI  - The Identification of Tumor Cells in Sediments of Serous Effusions.

PMID- 19970307
TI  - Acute Bacterial Endocarditis Due to Pseudomonas AEruginosa (B. Pyocyaneus):
      Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970309
TI  - The Similarity of the Lesions Produced by Silica and by the Tubercle Bacillus.

PMID- 19970308
TI  - Primary Fibroblastoma of the Brain: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970310
TI  - Blastomycosis of the Heart: Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19970311
TI  - Studies on Inflammation: XIII. Carbohydrate Metabolism, Local Acidosis, and the
      Cytological Picture in Inflammation.

PMID- 19970312
TI  - Histological Observations on Transplantable Rat and Rabbit Tumors Cultivated in
      the Chorio-Allantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos, with Special Reference to the
      Walker Rat Tumor 256.

PMID- 19970313
TI  - Malignant Tumors of the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19970315
TI  - Adenocystoma Lymphomatosum of the Salivary Glands: Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19970314
TI  - Syphilis of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: Report of a Case of Gumma of the
      Transverse Colon with Review of Literature.

PMID- 19970316
TI  - Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Cardiac Coronary Arteries: Review of the Literature
      and Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970317
TI  - Mixed Tumor of the Lacrimal Gland: Review of the Literature and Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970318
TI  - The Problem of Infection as Presented by Bacterial Invasion of the Chorio
      Allantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos.

PMID- 19970319
TI  - Concerning the Pathogenesis of Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19970320
TI  - The Histopathology of Natural and Experimental Canine Distemper.

PMID- 19970321
TI  - Basophil Infiltration in the Neurohypophysis.

PMID- 19970322
TI  - Local Anaphylactic Lesions of the Brain in Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19970323
TI  - Nutritional Edema in the Dog: IV. Peptic Ulcer Produced by the Same Low Protein
      Diet that Leads to Hypoproteinemia and Edema.

PMID- 19970324
TI  - The Significance of Myelin Sheath Degeneration and its Relation to
      Incoordination.

PMID- 19970325
TI  - Mesenteric Chyladenectasis: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970326
TI  - Diffuse Parietal Endocardial Sclerosis: Review of the Literature and Report of
      Two Cases.

PMID- 19970327
TI  - Combined Infantile and Adult Coarctation of Aorta with Coincident Occlusion of
      Vena Cava Superior: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970328
TI  - Chronic Diffuse Mesaortitis: Report of Two Cases of Unusual Type.

PMID- 19970329
TI  - Effect of Parathyroid Extract and Calciferol on the Tissues of the Nephrectomized
      Rat.

PMID- 19970330
TI  - Phagocytic Activity of Circulating Cells in the Various Types of Leukemia.

PMID- 19970331
TI  - The Paneth Cell.

PMID- 19970332
TI  - Cultivation of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis.

PMID- 19970333
TI  - Fibrosis of the Bone Marrow (Myelofibrosis) Associated with a Leukemoid Blood
      Picture: Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19970334
TI  - The Aortic Commissural Lesion in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19970336
TI  - Studies on the Experimental Infection of Some Reptiles, Amphibia and Fish with
      Serratia Anolium.

PMID- 19970335
TI  - The Mineral Content of Various Cerebral Lesions as Demonstrated by the
      Microincineration Method.

PMID- 19970337
TI  - Structure of the Small Cerebral Arteries and their Changes with Age.

PMID- 19970339
TI  - A New Method for the Rapid Staining of Myelin Sheaths.

PMID- 19970338
TI  - The Histopathology of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Hemorrhagica.

PMID- 19970340
TI  - The Pathology and Pathogenesis of Clinical Acute Nephritis.

PMID- 19970341
TI  - Parathyroid Hyperplasia in Chronic Renal Insufficiency.

PMID- 19970342
TI  - The Response of Guinea Pig Bone Marrow to Liver Extract.

PMID- 19970343
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Cortical Necrosis of the Kidneys in Rabbits Following the
      Injection of Staphylococcus Toxin.

PMID- 19970344
TI  - Arteriolar Sclerosis in Hypertensive and Non-Hypertensive Individuals.

PMID- 19970345
TI  - Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies in the Tissue Reactions Produced by Injections of
      Certain Foreign Substances.

PMID- 19970346
TI  - Viable Pneumococci and Pneumococcic Specific Soluble Substance in the Lungs from
      Cases of Lobar Pneumonia.

PMID- 19970347
TI  - The Role Played by Rheumatic Fever in the Implantation of Bacterial Endocarditis.

PMID- 19970349
TI  - The Postmortem Elasticity of the Adult Human Aorta. Its Relation to Age and to
      the Distribution of Intimal Atheromas.

PMID- 19970348
TI  - The Effects of Coal Smoke of Known Composition on the Lungs of Animals.

PMID- 19970350
TI  - Localized Congenital Defects of the Cardiac Interventricular Septum: A Study of
      Three Cases.

PMID- 19970351
TI  - Hyperplasia and Regeneration of the Myocardium in Infants and in Children.

PMID- 19970352
TI  - Morphological Changes in the Superior Vena Cava and Right Auricle in Rheumatic
      Heart Disease.

PMID- 19970353
TI  - Torula Infection.

PMID- 19970354
TI  - Cerebral Medulloblastoma.

PMID- 19970355
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Dietary Nephritis in the Rat.

PMID- 19970356
TI  - The Influence of Allergy on the Development of Early Tuberculous Lesions.

PMID- 19970357
TI  - Encephalitis and Meningitis in the Chick Embryo Following Inoculation of the
      Chorio-Allantoic Membrane with H. Influenzae.

PMID- 19970358
TI  - Infection of Chick Embryos with H. Pertussis Reproducing Pulmonary Lesions of
      Whooping Cough.

PMID- 19970359
TI  - Specificity of the Lesion of Experimental Mumps.

PMID- 19970360
TI  - Changes in the Teeth Following Parathyroidectomy: I. The Effects of Different
      Periods of Survival, Fasting, and Repeated Pregnancies and Lactations on the
      Incisor of the Rat.

PMID- 19970362
TI  - Morphological Changes in the Pituitaries of Rats Resulting from Combined
      Thyroidectomy and Gonadectomy.

PMID- 19970361
TI  - Changes in the Teeth Following Parathyroidectomy: II. The Effect of Parathyroid
      Extract and Calciferol on the Incisor of the Rat.

PMID- 19970363
TI  - Silver Impregnation of Reticulum in Paraffin Sections.

PMID- 19970364
TI  - A New Phase for The AJP.

PMID- 19970366
TI  - The american journal of pathology-are we there?

PMID- 19970365
TI  - What's in a Name? The American Society for Investigative Pathology.

PMID- 19970367
TI  - Correspondence.

PMID- 19970368
TI  - Correspondence.

PMID- 19970369
TI  - Harry m. Zimmerman, m.d. (1901-1995).

PMID- 19970370
TI  - Correspondence.

PMID- 19970371
TI  - The role of the cells of Schwann in the formation of tumors of the peripheral
      nerves.

PMID- 19970372
TI  - Fatty infiltration and cirrhosis of the liver in depancreatized dogs maintained
      with insulin.

PMID- 19970373
TI  - Pathological changes in the placenta associated with erythroblastosis of the
      fetus.

PMID- 19970374
TI  - Calcification of the aorta, heart and kidneys of the albino rat.

PMID- 19970375
TI  - The pathology of granuloma venereum.

PMID- 19970376
TI  - Pneumoconiosis and pulmonary carcinoma.

PMID- 19970377
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis and its relation to tuberculous foci in the brain.

PMID- 19970378
TI  - An experimental study of complement and hemolytic amboceptor introduced into
      chick embryos.

PMID- 19970379
TI  - The failure of allergic inflammation to protect rabbits against infection with
      virulent pneumococci.

PMID- 19970380
TI  - Nesidioblastoma, the islet tumor of the pancreas.

PMID- 19970382
TI  - The effect of syphilis on local tuberculous lesions in rabbits.

PMID- 19970381
TI  - Developmental defects at the foramen ovale.

PMID- 19970383
TI  - Spontaneous cardiovascular disease in the rat: I. Lesions of the heart.

PMID- 19970384
TI  - Spontaneous cardiovascular disease in the rat: II. Lesions of the Vascular
      System.

PMID- 19970386
TI  - The distribution of material following intracerebral inoculation into Macacus
      rhesus monkeys and its possible influence upon the results of neutralization
      tests in experimental poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19970385
TI  - Transmission of chloroleukemia of mice.

PMID- 19970387
TI  - A modification of the masson trichrome technique for routine laboratory purposes.

PMID- 19970388
TI  - Useful methods for the routine examination of brain tumors.

PMID- 19970389
TI  - Degenerative arthritis: A comparison of the pathological changes in man and
      equines.

PMID- 19970390
TI  - Studies on experimental rickets in rats: II. The healing process in the head of
      the tibia and other bones.

PMID- 19970391
TI  - Pars intermedia basophil adenoma of the hypophysis.

PMID- 19970392
TI  - A study of the submaxillary gland virus of the guinea pig.

PMID- 19970393
TI  - The bone and cartilage lesions of protracted moderate scurvy.

PMID- 19970394
TI  - Tuberculosis in allergic and desensitized guinea pigs: A study of histological
      changes.

PMID- 19970395
TI  - Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and
      chronic alcoholism.

PMID- 19970396
TI  - Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the lymph nodes of a cow with widespread
      metastases.

PMID- 19970397
TI  - Experimental infection in the mouse produced by intratracheal inoculation with
      hemophilus pertussis.

PMID- 19970398
TI  - Implantation carcinoma of the tubal mucosa secondary to carcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 19970399
TI  - The behavior of murine and human leprosy in foreign hosts.

PMID- 19970401
TI  - Morphological variations of tumor cells.

PMID- 19970400
TI  - Histological and cytological studies of murine leprosy.

PMID- 19970402
TI  - The matrix of the epithelial cell inclusion body of trachoma.

PMID- 19970403
TI  - The ability of lymph to maintain viability in "devascularized" lymph nodes.

PMID- 19970404
TI  - The residual infectivity of the primary complex of tuberculosis.

PMID- 19970405
TI  - The staining of acid-fast bacilli in paraffin sections.

PMID- 19970406
TI  - Exstrophy of the bladder with imperforate anus, absence of the greater part of
      the small and large intestines, continuity of the duodenum with the colon,
      absence of the left testis, epididymis and cord, and enormous hydroureter.

PMID- 19970408
TI  - Blood plasma proteins as influenced by liver injury induced by carbon
      tetrachloride and gum acacia.

PMID- 19970407
TI  - Malignant giant cell tumor of bone.

PMID- 19970409
TI  - A comparative morphological study of the mammary gland in a high and a low tumor
      strain of mice.

PMID- 19970410
TI  - Studies on the infectious agent of inclusion blennorrhea.

PMID- 19970411
TI  - The phagocytic activity of human leukocytes with special reference to their type
      and maturity.

PMID- 19970412
TI  - Lymph node metastasis of sarcoma.

PMID- 19970413
TI  - Primary liposarcoma of bone: Report of a case.

PMID- 19970414
TI  - A clinical and pathological study of subacute and chronic glomerulonephritis,
      including lipoid nephrosis.

PMID- 19970415
TI  - Acute hematogenous interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 19970416
TI  - The pharyngeal pituitary gland.

PMID- 19970417
TI  - Differences between castration cells and thyroidectomy cells of the pituitary of
      the rat in response to the administration of estrone and thyroid extract.

PMID- 19970418
TI  - Histological variations in autonomic ganglia and ganglion cells associated with
      age and disease.

PMID- 19970419
TI  - Multiple tumors of the sympathetic nervous system: Report of a case showing a
      distinct ganglioneuroma, a neuroblastoma and a cystic calcifying
      ganglioneuroblastoma.

PMID- 19970420
TI  - The amount of splenic lymphatic tissue at different ages.

PMID- 19970421
TI  - Multiple necroses of the spleen (fleckmilz).

PMID- 19970422
TI  - Giant interstitial cells and extraparenchymal interstitial cells of the human
      testis.

PMID- 19970423
TI  - The effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on enamel formation in the teeth of guinea
      pigs.

PMID- 19970424
TI  - Earl Baldwin McKinley 1894-1938.

PMID- 19970426
TI  - Replication of hepatitis C virus in tissue culture: a potential breakthrough in
      need of confirmation.

PMID- 19970425
TI  - Correspondence.

PMID- 19970427
TI  - Pathological anatomy of experimental thrombopenic purpura in the dog.

PMID- 19970428
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism with extensive renal calcification and secondary
      hyperplasia of the parathyroids: Report of a case.

PMID- 19970429
TI  - Tularemic septicemia: Report of a case.

PMID- 19970430
TI  - Congenital rhabdomyoma of the heart: Report of a case.

PMID- 19970431
TI  - A method for the impregnation of perivascular nerves on intracerebral blood
      vessels.

PMID- 19970432
TI  - Pathological changes in the heart, skeletal musculature and liver in rabbits
      treated with insulin in shock dosage.

PMID- 19970433
TI  - Growth processes in cartilage and bone subsequent to gonadectomy and
      administration of anterior pituitary extract of cattle in immature male and
      female guinea pigs.

PMID- 19970434
TI  - Observations on the etiology of ulcerative colitis: III. The distribution of
      lesions and its possible significance.

PMID- 19970435
TI  - Polyarteritis nodosa: Report of case.

PMID- 19970436
TI  - Metastasizing fibroleiomyoma of the uterus: Report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 19970437
TI  - Angioreticuloendothelioma (Kaposi's disease) of the heart.

PMID- 19970438
TI  - The pathology of nutritional muscular dystrophy in young rats.

PMID- 19970439
TI  - The influence of inflammation on the skin necrotizing action of staphylococcus
      toxin.

PMID- 19970440
TI  - Repair in experimental pneumococcic meningitis: A histopathological study of
      residual lesions in rats.

PMID- 19970441
TI  - The effect of diet on the pathological changes in rats with nephrotoxic
      nephritis.

PMID- 19970442
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas: An analysis of forty autopsies.

PMID- 19970443
TI  - Experiments on the solubility of hemosiderin in acids and other reagents during
      and after various fixations.

PMID- 19970444
TI  - The polarized light method for the study of myelin degeneration as compared with
      the Marchi and Sudan III methods.

PMID- 19970446
TI  - The response of the central nervous system to the application of carcinogenic
      hydrocarbons: I. Dibenzanthracene.

PMID- 19970445
TI  - Histopathology of the peripheral nerves in acute and chronic vitamin B(1)
      deficiency in the rat.

PMID- 19970447
TI  - A study of normal and rachitic bone structure by microphotographic methods.

PMID- 19970448
TI  - The antigenicity of the virus of trachoma.

PMID- 19970449
TI  - The reaction to killed tubercle bacilli in normal and immunized (sensitized)
      rabbits.

PMID- 19970450
TI  - Skin tumors following a single application of methylcholanthrene in C57 brown
      mice.

PMID- 19970451
TI  - Studies on the pathogenicity and cytological reactions of the submaxillary gland
      virus of the guinea pig.

PMID- 19970452
TI  - The histology of orbital and other fat tissue deposits in animals with
      experimentally produced exophthalmos.

PMID- 19970453
TI  - Cerebral vascular disease accompanying sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 19970455
TI  - The lymphoid nodules of human bone marrow.

PMID- 19970454
TI  - Pathological changes following therapeutic hyperthermia: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970456
TI  - Studies on a rapidly developing intestinal adenoma in a pig.

PMID- 19970457
TI  - Cytological changes induced in the hypophysis by the prolonged administration of
      pituitary extract.

PMID- 19970459
TI  - Plasma protein, bile salt and cholesterol metabolism as influenced by multiple
      injections of gum acacia in bile fistula dogs.

PMID- 19970458
TI  - The lymphocyte in acute inflammation.

PMID- 19970460
TI  - Moose encephalitis.

PMID- 19970461
TI  - The differentiation between spirochetes and spirochete-like structures in the
      placenta.

PMID- 19970462
TI  - Experimental pneumonia produced by typhus rickettsiae.

PMID- 19970463
TI  - Histoplasmosis in infancy: Report of a case.

PMID- 19970464
TI  - Malabsorption of fat (intestinal lipodystrophy of Whipple): Report of a case.

PMID- 19970466
TI  - A differential stain for cell types in the pancreatic islets.

PMID- 19970465
TI  - The effect of certain factors on the results of silver impregnation for reticulum
      fibers.

PMID- 19970467
TI  - The occurrence of virulent tubercle bacilli in presumably non-tuberculous lung
      tissue.

PMID- 19970468
TI  - Fixing and staining methods for lead and copper in tissues.

PMID- 19970469
TI  - Giant cell formation in the tonsils in the prodromal stage of chickenpox: Report
      of a case.

PMID- 19970470
TI  - Traumatic autotransplantation of splenic tissue.

PMID- 19970471
TI  - A comparison of the effects of anterior pituitary hormone on skeletal tissues of
      young and mature guinea pigs.

PMID- 19970472
TI  - Intracellular bacilli in intestinal and mesenteric lesions of typhoid fever.

PMID- 19970473
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung: An analysis of seventy-four autopsies.

PMID- 19970475
TI  - Experimental production of endocarditis lenta.

PMID- 19970474
TI  - Toxoplasmic encephalomyelitis: III. A new case of granulomatous encephalomyelitis
      due to a protozoon.

PMID- 19970476
TI  - Study of the histological changes and transplantation of tissue surrounding
      methylcholanthrene pellets during the latent period of tumor development in
      female C(3)H mice.

PMID- 19970477
TI  - Studies on experimental rickets in rats: III. The behavior and fate of the
      cartilage remnants in the rachitic metaphysis.

PMID- 19970478
TI  - Essential and paroxysmal hypertension, contrasted by case reports.

PMID- 19970479
TI  - Iron hematoxylins containing ferric and ferrous iron.

PMID- 19970480
TI  - The effect of yeast on the incidence of cirrhosis produced by lead arsenate.

PMID- 19970481
TI  - Primary chorionepithelioma of the urinary bladder in a male: Report of a case.

PMID- 19970482
TI  - Experimental infectious angiitis.

PMID- 19970483
TI  - Studies on inflammation: XVIII. On the mechanism of leukocytosis with
      inflammation.

PMID- 19970484
TI  - Origin of perineural fibroblastoma.

PMID- 19970485
TI  - Schwann cell versus fibroblast as the origin of the specific nerve sheath tumor:
      Observations upon normal nerve sheaths and neurilemomas in vitro.

PMID- 19970486
TI  - Wernicke's disease: Identity of lesions produced experimentally by B(1)
      avitaminosis in pigeons with hemorrhagic polioencephalitis occurring in chronic
      alcoholism in man.

PMID- 19970487
TI  - Growth disorder of the skull in mongolism.

PMID- 19970489
TI  - Experimental botryomycosis.

PMID- 19970488
TI  - Histopathological changes produced in rabbits by experimental inoculation with
      hemolytic streptococci, certain of their component factors and saponin: A
      preliminary report.

PMID- 19970490
TI  - Cytological studies on globi in leprosy.

PMID- 19970491
TI  - Pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infection in chick embryos.

PMID- 19970493
TI  - The transmission of lymphogranuloma venereum to the guinea pig.

PMID- 19970492
TI  - The pathogenesis of syphilitic optic atrophy: A preliminary study with report of
      a case.

PMID- 19970494
TI  - Intracystic papilloma of the breast.

PMID- 19970495
TI  - The pathological anatomy of cellophane perinephritis.

PMID- 19970496
TI  - Histogenesis of hepatic cirrhosis in chronic food selenosis.

PMID- 19970497
TI  - Tuberculosis involving the pulmonary valve.

PMID- 19970498
TI  - A silver carbonate staining method for oligodendrocytes and microglia for routine
      use.

PMID- 19970499
TI  - Spontaneous tumors in two colonies of rats of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and
      Biology.

PMID- 19970501
TI  - Isolation and cultivation of haemophilus ducreyi on the chorioallantois of chick
      embryos.

PMID- 19970500
TI  - Morphological alterations in the gasserian ganglion cells and their association
      with senescence in man.

PMID- 19970502
TI  - Physiological hypertrophy of the parathyroids, its cause and its relation to
      rickets.

PMID- 19970503
TI  - Studies in carcinogenesis: IX. Hydrocarbon-cholesterol pellets in strain D mice.

PMID- 19970504
TI  - Studies in carcinogenesis: X. Production of tumors by 3:4-benzpyrene in rats fed
      diets containing different levels of vitamin A.

PMID- 19970506
TI  - The preparation of tricaprylin.

PMID- 19970505
TI  - Studies in carcinogenesis: XI. Development of skin tumors in mice painted with
      3:4-benzpyrene and creosote oil fractions.

PMID- 19970507
TI  - Metastatic neuroblastoma in bone presenting the Ewing syndrome, with a discussion
      of "Ewing's sarcoma".

PMID- 19970508
TI  - Infectious feline agranulocytosis.

PMID- 19970509
TI  - Pathological changes produced by the subcutaneous injection of rattlesnake
      (crotalus) venom into Macaca mulatta monkeys.

PMID- 19970510
TI  - Meningococcus endocarditis and myocarditis: Report of a case with unusual lesions
      in the arterial tree.

PMID- 19970512
TI  - Histological changes in the ischemic kidney: With special reference to the
      juxtaglomerular apparatus.

PMID- 19970511
TI  - The cardiac lesions in Libman-Sacks disease: With a consideration of its
      relationship to acute diffuse lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 19970513
TI  - Histogenesis of induced pulmonary tumors in strain a mice.

PMID- 19970514
TI  - The histological lesion in lymph nodes in infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 19970515
TI  - Splenic reticulum cell tumors in mice.

PMID- 19970517
TI  - Primary encephalomyelitis in goats associated with Listerella infection.

PMID- 19970516
TI  - A transmissible malignant neoplasm of mice originating in reticular or
      endothelial cells.

PMID- 19970518
TI  - Solitary granuloma of bone: Simulating primary neoplasm.

PMID- 19970519
TI  - Effects of ovariectomy and long continued administration of anterior pituitary
      extract of cattle on skeletal tissues of immature guinea pigs.

PMID- 19970520
TI  - The effect of thyroidectomy and administration of anterior pituitary extract of
      cattle on the growth of cartilage and bone of immature guinea pigs.

PMID- 19970521
TI  - Studies of collagen: I. The production of collagen in vitro under variable
      experimental conditions.

PMID- 19970522
TI  - Studies of collagen: II. Methods and results of implantation of collagen-forming
      cultures in granulation tissue.

PMID- 19970523
TI  - Dermatomyositis: A study of five cases.

PMID- 19970524
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of bone: With report of a case.

PMID- 19970526
TI  - Familial occurrence of renal carcinoma in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

PMID- 19970525
TI  - Comparative experimental studies of 200 kilovolt and 1000 kilovolt roentgen rays:
      I. The biological effects on the epiphysis of the albino rat.

PMID- 19970527
TI  - Teratoma of the ovary, with a segment of vertebral column and remnants of
      notochordal tissue: Report of a case.

PMID- 19970528
TI  - Congenital defects in the diaphragm.

PMID- 19970529
TI  - The cytology of fox encephalitis and the effects of centrifugation upon the
      intranuclear inclusions.

PMID- 19970531
TI  - Studies on the involution of the fetal cortex of the adrenal glands.

PMID- 19970530
TI  - Etiology of calcified nodular aortic stenosis.

PMID- 19970532
TI  - The response of the central nervous system to the application of carcinogenic
      hydrocarbons: II. Methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 19970533
TI  - The pathology and pathogenesis of mammary tumors occurring spontaneously in the
      Albany strain of rats.

PMID- 19970535
TI  - Comparative experimental studies of 200 kilovolt and 1000 kilovolt roentgen rays:
      II. The biological effects on the bone marrow of the albino rat.

PMID- 19970534
TI  - Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the spine: Report of a case with autopsy.

PMID- 19970536
TI  - Mesodermal mixed tumors of the body of the uterus.

PMID- 19970537
TI  - The chorio-allantoic membrane of the developing chick as a medium for the
      cultivation and histopathologic study of pathogenic fungi.

PMID- 19970538
TI  - Rhabdomyomatosis of the heart in a guinea pig.

PMID- 19970539
TI  - Congenital nodular glycogenic degeneration of the myocardium.

PMID- 19970540
TI  - Osteo-arthritis deformans of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 19970541
TI  - Experimental hypertension and pregnancy in dogs.

PMID- 19970542
TI  - Structure of the small cerebral arteries in hypertension.

PMID- 19970543
TI  - Necrosis of the bone marrow with fat embolism in sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 19970544
TI  - Isolation of the virus of herpes simplex and the demonstration of intranuclear
      inclusions in a case of acute encephalitis.

PMID- 19970545
TI  - The production of neuronal injury and necrosis with the virus of poliomyelitis in
      rabbits during insulin hypoglycemia.

PMID- 19970546
TI  - Muscular dystrophy in biliary fistula dogs; possible relationship to vitamin E
      deficiency.

PMID- 19970547
TI  - Endometrial response to diethylstilboestrol in radium-induced menopause.

PMID- 19970549
TI  - "Interference" in mixed infections of bartonella and eperythrozoon in mice.

PMID- 19970548
TI  - Effect of dibenzanthracene on transplantable mammary adenofibroma of the white
      rat.

PMID- 19970550
TI  - Experimental ocular tuberculosis in normal and immunized rabbits.

PMID- 19970552
TI  - A study of chick-embryo-adapted rabies virus.

PMID- 19970551
TI  - Experimental measles: The lymphoid tissues of animals inoculated with the virus
      of human measles.

PMID- 19970553
TI  - Effects of syngenesiotransplants and of extracts of the anterior lobe of the
      bovine hypophysis on the age changes in the long bones and joints of mice.

PMID- 19970554
TI  - Degenerate versus multipolar neurons in sensory ganglia.

PMID- 19970555
TI  - Studies on leukocytosis: I. Hourly leukocyte variations of normal rabbits.

PMID- 19970556
TI  - Studies on leukocytosis: II. Neutrophilic leukocytosis following intravenous
      injection of supernatant fluid from a sterile exudate (rabbit).

PMID- 19970557
TI  - The treatment of spontaneous breast adenocarci-nomas in mice with extracts of
      spleen or yeast.

PMID- 19970559
TI  - Bacterial localization in the kidneys.

PMID- 19970558
TI  - Primary fibromyxosarcomas of the heart and pulmonary artery.

PMID- 19970560
TI  - Exogenous tumors of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 19970561
TI  - A mordant preparing formaldehyde-fixed neuraxis tissue for phosphotungstic acid
      hematoxylin staining.

PMID- 19970562
TI  - Osseous findings in chronic renal insufficiency in adults.

PMID- 19970564
TI  - Comparative experimental studies of 200 kilovolt and 1000 kilovolt roentgen rays:
      III. The biologic effect on the skin of the albino rat.

PMID- 19970563
TI  - A histochemical study of the distribution of alkaline phosphatase in various
      normal and neoplastic tissues.

PMID- 19970566
TI  - Acute necrotizing arteritis, aortitis, and auriculitis following uranium nitrate
      injury in dogs with altered plasma proteins.

PMID- 19970565
TI  - Alterations in nuclear viscosity during experimental carcinogenesis determined by
      ultracentrifugation.

PMID- 19970567
TI  - The cytologic response of rats and mice to a strain of greening streptococci.

PMID- 19970568
TI  - Reticulum cell sarcoma of lymph nodes.

PMID- 19970569
TI  - Observations with differential stains on human islets of langerhans.

PMID- 19970570
TI  - Equine encephalomyelitis in man.

PMID- 19970571
TI  - Infection of normal and passively immunized chick embryos with corynebacterium
      diphtheriae.

PMID- 19970572
TI  - Phagocytic activity of the oligodendroglia and amphicytes in the brain, spinal
      cord, and semilunar ganglion of the mouse during inanition.

PMID- 19970574
TI  - Metastatic tumors of the myocardium: A review of sixteen cases.

PMID- 19970573
TI  - Visceral lesions in infectious polyneuritis: (Infectious neuronitis, acute
      polyneuritis with facial diplegia, guillain-barre syndrome, landry's paralysis).

PMID- 19970575
TI  - Lobular carcinoma in situ: A rare form of mammary cancer.

PMID- 19970577
TI  - Endothelial myeloma (Ewing's tumor of bone).

PMID- 19970576
TI  - Histogenesis of Ewing's tumor.

PMID- 19970578
TI  - Effect of the pituitary growth hormone on the epiphyseal disk of the tibia of the
      rat.

PMID- 19970579
TI  - Changes in the incisor teeth of albino rats with vitamin a deficiency and the
      effects of replacement therapy.

PMID- 19970580
TI  - The occurrence of mitotic divisions in glomeruli in glomerulonephritis and
      malignant sclerosis.

PMID- 19970581
TI  - Epithelial metaplasia in congenital cystic disease of the lung: Its possible
      relation to carcinoma of the bronchus.

PMID- 19970582
TI  - Heredity as determining the type and site of cancer and the age at which it
      occurs.

PMID- 19970583
TI  - The nonsaponifiable lipid fraction of livers from cancerous and noncancerous
      persons.

PMID- 19970585
TI  - Certain specific and immunopathologic features of tuberculosis.

PMID- 19970584
TI  - Variation in the composition of gallstones simultaneously formed in the
      gallbladder.

PMID- 19970586
TI  - The spread of tubercle bacilli by sputum, blood and lymph in pulmonary
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 19970588
TI  - The age factor in active immunization against whooping cough.

PMID- 19970587
TI  - Cavities in the silicotic lung: A pathological study with clinical correlation.

PMID- 19970589
TI  - The antigenic relationship of alcohol-soluble substances of corpus luteum to
      those of testis and brain.

PMID- 19970590
TI  - The intrinsic nerves of the immature human uterus.

PMID- 19970591
TI  - Some factors in the development, localization and reabsorption of experimental
      amyloidosis in the rabbit.

PMID- 19970592
TI  - Fatty changes in the glomeruli of the kidneys.

PMID- 19970593
TI  - Degeneration of the adrenal cortex produced by germanin.

PMID- 19970594
TI  - Acute local anaphylactic inflammation of the lungs.

PMID- 19970595
TI  - Tribute to Dr. H. Gideon Wells.

PMID- 19970597
TI  - The histogenesis of glioma retinae: Report of early case with review of
      literature.

PMID- 19970596
TI  - Histological study of trophic effects of diabetogenic anterior pituitary extracts
      and their relation to the pathogenesis of diabetes.

PMID- 19970598
TI  - Carcinoma of ceruminous gland.

PMID- 19970599
TI  - Multiple skin tumors in mice following a single painting with 9:10 dimethyl-1:2
      benzanthracene.

PMID- 19970600
TI  - The relative susceptibility of the synaptic terminals and of the perikaryon to
      arrest of the circulation of the brain.

PMID- 19970601
TI  - Appendiceal oxyuriasis: Its incidence and relationship to appendicitis.

PMID- 19970603
TI  - Anterior and posterior rhachischisis.

PMID- 19970602
TI  - Cardiac lesions resembling aschoff bodies in mice.

PMID- 19970604
TI  - Foreign body giant cell granuloma of the spinal cord associated with spina
      bifida.

PMID- 19970606
TI  - Frank Burr Mallory.

PMID- 19970605
TI  - Emboli of brain tissue in fetal lungs.

PMID- 19970607
TI  - Sclerosing Hemangiomas of the Central Nervous System: Progressive Tissue Changes
      in Hemangioblastomas of the Brain and in SoCalled Angioblastic Menningiomas.

PMID- 19970608
TI  - Glomerulonephritis in Partially Nephrectomized Rats: Relation to Administration
      of Sulfapyridine.

PMID- 19970610
TI  - Bronchiogenic Carcinoma in Association with Pulmonary Asbestosis: Report of Two
      Cases.

PMID- 19970609
TI  - Interstitial Myocarditis Following the Clinical and Experimental Use of
      Sulfonamide Drugs.

PMID- 19970611
TI  - Secondary Carcinoma in Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19970612
TI  - Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroma and Fibroneuroma in a Stillborn Fetus.

PMID- 19970613
TI  - Icterus of the Adult Brain: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970614
TI  - Bilateral Fusiform Aneurysms of the Cervical Portion of the Internal Carotid
      Arteries.

PMID- 19970615
TI  - Trypan-blue Vital Staining in Studies of Virus Lesions on Chorio-allantoic
      Membrane.

PMID- 19970617
TI  - The Deposition of Calcium in the Hearts and Kidneys of Rats in Relation to Age
      Source of Calcium Exercise and Diet.

PMID- 19970616
TI  - The Production of Cardiac and Renal Lesions in Rats by a Diet Extremely Deficient
      in Potassium.

PMID- 19970618
TI  - Pathological Changes in Nutitional Gastritis in Rats.

PMID- 19970619
TI  - The Distribution of Intimal Atheromatous Lesions in the Arteries of Rabbits on
      High Cholesterol Diets.

PMID- 19970620
TI  - The Pathology of Chastek Paralysis in Foxes: A Counterpart of Wernicke's
      Hemorrhagic Pollioencephalitis of Man.

PMID- 19970621
TI  - Intercapillary Glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 19970622
TI  - Muscular dystrophy in mice on vitamin E-deficient diet.

PMID- 19970623
TI  - The glomus tumor: Investigation of its distribution and behavior, and the
      identity of its "epithelioid" cell.

PMID- 19970624
TI  - Non-osteogenic fibroma of bone.

PMID- 19970626
TI  - Studies on ameboid motion of motor nerve plates: II. Pathologic effects of co(2)
      and electricity on the explosive ameboid motion in motor nerve plates in
      intercostal muscle.

PMID- 19970625
TI  - Brenner tumor of the ovary: Case reports, discussion and bibliography.

PMID- 19970627
TI  - Influence of colchicine during methylcholanthrene epidermal carcinogenesis in
      mice.

PMID- 19970629
TI  - Experimental allergic focal necrosis of the liver.

PMID- 19970628
TI  - Silicosis of systemic distribution.

PMID- 19970630
TI  - Subaortic stenosis.

PMID- 19970631
TI  - Microfilarial granulomata of the spleen.

PMID- 19970632
TI  - Studies on Leukocytosis: III. Hourly Determination of the Maturity of Neutrophils
      of Normal Rabbits.

PMID- 19970633
TI  - Studies on Leukocytosis: IV. The Neutrophilic Maturity Following Intravenous
      Injection of Supernatant Fluid from a Sterile Exudate (Rabbit).

PMID- 19970634
TI  - Malignant Lymphoma: A Clinico-Pathologic Survey of 618 Cases.

PMID- 19970635
TI  - The Fibrous Connective Tissue of the Artificially Induced Maternal Placenta in
      the Rat with Particular Reference to the Relationship Between Reticulum and
      Collagen.

PMID- 19970636
TI  - Experimental Blastomycosis in Mice.

PMID- 19970637
TI  - Tissue Reactions in Human Blastomycosis: An Analysis of Tissue from Twenty-Three
      Cases.

PMID- 19970638
TI  - Pathology and Pathologic Diagnosis of Radiation Lesions in the Gastro-Intestinal
      Tract.

PMID- 19970640
TI  - Synovial Sarcomesothelioma (Sarcoendothelioma).

PMID- 19970639
TI  - The Lesions Produced in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract by Irradiation: General
      Review with an Illustrative Case Report.

PMID- 19970641
TI  - Infection of Newborn Syrian Hamsters with the Virus of Mare Abortion (Dimock and
      Edwards).

PMID- 19970642
TI  - Virus Infection of Human Fetal Membranes Grafted on the Chorioallantois of Chick
      Embryos.

PMID- 19970643
TI  - Dual Virus Infection of Single Cells.

PMID- 19970645
TI  - An Anatomical Study of the Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19970644
TI  - Demonstration of the Formation of Reticulin by Schwannian Tumor Cells in Vitro.

PMID- 19970646
TI  - Two Antagonistic Effects of Underfeeding on the Adrenal Cortex of the Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19970647
TI  - Functioning Islet Cell Carcinoma with Metastases to Liver.

PMID- 19970648
TI  - Glycogen Infiltration of the Liver Cell Nuclei.

PMID- 19970649
TI  - Effects of Yeast and Food Intake on Experimental carbon Tetrachloride Cirrhosis
      of the Liver in the Rat.

PMID- 19970650
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Liver: Cholangioma in Hepatolithiasis.

PMID- 19970651
TI  - Bone-Marrow Changes Produced by Specific Antibodies.

PMID- 19970652
TI  - Kidney Lesions in Stillborn and Newborn Infants: "Congenital Glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 19970654
TI  - The Heart in Uremia.

PMID- 19970653
TI  - Chloroleukemia: Report of a Case with Special Reference to Its Neoplastic Nature.

PMID- 19970655
TI  - The Goormaghtigh Cells in the Normal and Diseased Human Kidney: Their Possible
      Relationship to Renal Hypertension.

PMID- 19970656
TI  - Intranuclear Inclusions in Infancy.

PMID- 19970657
TI  - Pathological Changes in Listerella Infection, Particularly of the Eye.

PMID- 19970658
TI  - The Chorioallantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos and Its Response to Inoculation
      with Some Mycobacteria.

PMID- 19970659
TI  - Senile Involution of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19970660
TI  - Peripheral Nerves in Chronic Atrophic Arthritis.

PMID- 19970662
TI  - Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage: Report of Fifteen Cases.

PMID- 19970661
TI  - Experimental Studies in Cardiovascular Pathology: V. Effects of Intravenous
      Injections of Solutions of Gum Arabic, Egg Albumin and Gelatin upon the Blood and
      Organs of Dogs and Rabbits.

PMID- 19970663
TI  - Anlagen and Rest Tumors of the Lung Inclusive of "Mixed Tumors" (Womack and
      Graham).

PMID- 19970664
TI  - The Renal Tubule (Nephron) as Affected by Mercury.

PMID- 19970665
TI  - The Origin of Colloid and Lipoid Droplets in the Epithelial Cells of the Renal
      Tubules.

PMID- 19970667
TI  - Pathologic Alterations in Surface Relationships and Morphology at the Human
      Synapse.

PMID- 19970666
TI  - Effects of Centrifugation on Intranuclear Inclusions Produced by Subcutaneous
      Injections of Aluminum Oxide.

PMID- 19970668
TI  - Hyperplasia of Megakaryocytes in Pneumonia and Its Relationship to Leukoblastic
      Hyperplasia of the Bone Marrow.

PMID- 19970669
TI  - Studies on Fowl Leukosis: Transfer to the Chick Embryo.

PMID- 19970670
TI  - Effects of the "Growth Hormone" of the Anterior Hypophysis (Antuitrin G) on the
      Skeleton of Mice and Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19970671
TI  - Fibrosis of the Pancreas in Meat-Fed Ducks.

PMID- 19970672
TI  - Benign Chondroblastoma of Bone: A Reinterpretation of the So-Called Calcifying or
      Chondromatous Giant Cell Tumor.

PMID- 19970673
TI  - Carcinoid Tumors of the Rectum Derived from Erspamer's Pre-enterochrome Cells.

PMID- 19970674
TI  - Changes in the Accessory Sex Organs of the Male Rat after Administration of
      Estradiol in Combination with Progesterone or Desoxycorticosterone Acetate.

PMID- 19970675
TI  - Mediastinal Sympathogonioma.

PMID- 19970676
TI  - Medial Hypertrophy of the Renal Arterioles in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19970677
TI  - Pathologic Changes Produced in Rabbits by a Toxic Somatic Antigen Derived from
      Eberthella Typhosa.

PMID- 19970678
TI  - Experimental Necrotizing Arteritis in Dogs: III. Bilateral Nephrectomy as
      Effective as Heavy Metal Injury in its Production.

PMID- 19970679
TI  - Experimental Necrotizing Arteritis in Dogs: IV. Alteration of the Blood Plasma
      Proteins Not Essential.

PMID- 19970680
TI  - Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: IV. The Relation of Rickets to Growth,
      with Special Reference to the Bones.

PMID- 19970681
TI  - A Fatal Disease of Middle-Aged Mice Characterized by Myocarditis Associated with
      Hemorrhage in the Pleural Cavity.

PMID- 19970682
TI  - Pathology of Staphylococcal Pneumonia Complicating Clinical Influenza.

PMID- 19970683
TI  - Chronic Gastritis: Its Relation to Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer and to Gastric
      Carcinoma.

PMID- 19970684
TI  - The Lymph Nodes in Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19970685
TI  - The Production of Cirrhosis in the Liver of the Normal Dog by Prolonged Feeding
      of a High-Fat Diet.

PMID- 19970686
TI  - Calcification and Phosphatase.

PMID- 19970687
TI  - The Nature of the Renal Lesion with the Sulfonamides and Its Prevention with
      Urea.

PMID- 19970688
TI  - Erythrophagocytosis and Hemosiderosis in the Liver and Spleen in Sickle Cell
      Disease.

PMID- 19970689
TI  - Histological Changes Preceding Spontaneous Lymphatic Leukemia in Mice.

PMID- 19970690
TI  - In Vivo Neutralization of Pertussis Toxin with Pertussis Antitoxin.

PMID- 19970691
TI  - The Effect of Crystallized Bovine Serum Albumin on the Tissues of Normal Animals:
      I. Morphologic Changes in Normal Rabbits Induced by Intravenous Injection of
      Crystallized Bovine Serum Albumin.

PMID- 19970692
TI  - The Effect of Postural Hypertension on the Development of Atheromatosis in
      Rabbits Fed Cholesterol.

PMID- 19970693
TI  - Interstitial Cell Growths of the Testicle.

PMID- 19970694
TI  - Focal Glomerulitis in Elderly Patients.

PMID- 19970695
TI  - Development of Myocardial Necrosis and Absence of Nerve Degeneration in Thiamine
      Deficiency in Pigs.

PMID- 19970696
TI  - Neoplastic Disease of the Pancreas of Snakes (Serpentes).

PMID- 19970697
TI  - Inflammation in Embryonic Life: I. Changes Produced by Particulate Matter and by
      a Chemical Agent.

PMID- 19970698
TI  - Inflammation in Embryonic Life: II. Infection of Chick Embryos with Avian
      Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19970699
TI  - Acquired Bicuspid Aortic Valves with Retracted Horizontal Raphes.

PMID- 19970700
TI  - Bacterial Endocarditis Due to Clostridium Welchii.

PMID- 19970701
TI  - Histochemical Studies on Tissue Enzymes: III. A Study of the Distribution of Acid
      Phosphatases with Special Reference to the Nervous System.

PMID- 19970703
TI  - Mesotheliomas of the Uterine and Tubal Serosa and the Tunica Vaginalis Testis:
      Report of Four Cases.

PMID- 19970702
TI  - Tumors of Sebaceous Glands.

PMID- 19970704
TI  - Myoepithelial Proliferations in the Human Breast.

PMID- 19970705
TI  - The Stomach in Pernicious anemia.

PMID- 19970707
TI  - Effects of Infrared Irradiation on the Tissues of the Rabbit.

PMID- 19970706
TI  - The Development of the Larvae of Trichinella Spiralis in Roller Tube Tissue
      Cultures.

PMID- 19970708
TI  - Sclerosing Hemangiomas: Their Relationship to Dermatofibroma, Histiocytoma,
      Xanthoma and to Certain Pigmented Lesions of the Skin.

PMID- 19970709
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of Bone.

PMID- 19970710
TI  - Tumors of Sweat Glands.

PMID- 19970711
TI  - Gynandroblastoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19970712
TI  - Study of Sensory Ganglia in Macaca Mulatta after Gastrointestinal Administration
      of Poliomyelitis Virus.

PMID- 19970713
TI  - The Pathology of Convalescent Poliomyelitis in Man.

PMID- 19970715
TI  - Medullary Involvement in Tetanus.

PMID- 19970714
TI  - Atrophy of the Brain Following Puerperal Eclampsia.

PMID- 19970716
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Tonsils.

PMID- 19970717
TI  - Early Lesions of Experimental Endocarditis Lenta.

PMID- 19970718
TI  - Characteristics of a Liposarcoma Grown in Vitro.

PMID- 19970719
TI  - Epithelial Cysts and Cystic Tumors of the Skin.

PMID- 19970720
TI  - Dietary Ulcers of the Esophagus of the Rat.

PMID- 19970722
TI  - Local Myelopoiesis in Myeloid Leukemia.

PMID- 19970721
TI  - The Co-Incidence of Primary Carcinoma of the Lungs and Pulmonary Asbestosis:
      Analysis of Literature and Report of Three Cases.

PMID- 19970723
TI  - The Effects of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Gluconate on the Skeletal Tissues
      of Mice.

PMID- 19970724
TI  - The Tissue Changes Produced by Estrone Injected into Female Dogs with Bile
      Fistulas.

PMID- 19970725
TI  - The Nature of the Hyaline Material in the Pancreatic Islands in Diabetes
      Mellitus.

PMID- 19970726
TI  - Effect of Vitamin E Therapy on the Central Nervous System in Amyotrophic Lateral
      Sclerosis.

PMID- 19970727
TI  - Bacteriological Observations on Experimental Brucellosis in Dogs and Swine.

PMID- 19970728
TI  - The Effect of the Leukocytosis-Promoting Factor on the Growth of Cells in the
      Bone Marrow.

PMID- 19970729
TI  - The Anterior Pituitary Gland in Women with Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland, with
      Report of a Case of Chromophobe Adenoma.

PMID- 19970730
TI  - Decidual Reactions in Fallopian Tubes: Histologic Study of Tubal Segments from
      144 Post-partum Sterilizations.

PMID- 19970731
TI  - Hyperplaisa of the Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelium in Disease.

PMID- 19970733
TI  - Experimental Brain Tumors: II. Tumors Produced with Benzpyrene.

PMID- 19970732
TI  - The Pulmonary Alveolar Lining under Various Pathologic Conditions in Man and
      Animals.

PMID- 19970734
TI  - A Cytological Study of the Tubular Epithelium in Acute and Chronic Canine
      Bright's Disease with Especial Reference to the Mitochondria.

PMID- 19970735
TI  - Necrotizing Arteritis in Dogs Related to Diet and Renal Insufficiency: V.
      Evidence for a Dietary Factor.

PMID- 19970736
TI  - Necrotizing Arteritis in Dogs Related to Diet and Renal Insufficiency: VI.
      Associated Lesions: Stomatitis, Gastroenteritis and Pancreatic Fat Necrosis.

PMID- 19970738
TI  - Acute Generalized Miliary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19970737
TI  - Transplantable Osteogenic Sarcomas Induced in Rats by Feeding Radium.

PMID- 19970739
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Pericardium: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970740
TI  - Carcinoid Tumor of the Cecum with Metastasis.

PMID- 19970741
TI  - Ceroid, the Pigment of Dietary Cirrhosis of Rats: Its Characteristics and Its
      Differentiation from Hemofuscin.

PMID- 19970742
TI  - Further Studies on the Preglomerular Cellular Apparatus.

PMID- 19970743
TI  - Generalized Vaccinia with Dual Virus Infection: A Case Report.

PMID- 19970744
TI  - Observations on the Structure of Bone in Estrogen-Treated Cocks and Drakes.

PMID- 19970745
TI  - Experimental Studies in Cardiovascular Pathology: VIII. Late Vascular Reactions
      of Histamine Shock in Dogs.

PMID- 19970746
TI  - Adamantoblastomas in the Slye Stock of Mice.

PMID- 19970747
TI  - Experimental Thrombotic Bacterial (Streptococcus Viridans) Endocarditis: I. Its
      Production and Incidence in the Rabbit.

PMID- 19970748
TI  - Progressive Experimental Endocarditis Lenta.

PMID- 19970749
TI  - Concretions in the Anterior Pituitary Lobe of the Human Embryo and the Newborn.

PMID- 19970750
TI  - The Testis in Vitamin E-Deficient Guinea-Pigs.

PMID- 19970751
TI  - The Protracted Effect of a Single Dose of dl-Alpha-Tocopherol Acetate upon the
      Testes of Rats on Vitamin E-Deficient Diet.

PMID- 19970752
TI  - Chronic Equine Encephalitis.

PMID- 19970753
TI  - Meningococcal Endocarditis in Immunized Horses.

PMID- 19970754
TI  - Cultural Characteristics of a Hemangioendothelioma.

PMID- 19970755
TI  - Studies on the Decalcification of Bone.

PMID- 19970757
TI  - Defect of Endocardial Cushion Development as a Source of Cardiac Anomaly: A
      Presentation of Four Cases from Autopsy Reports.

PMID- 19970758
TI  - Effects of Potassium Iodide on the Skeletal Tissues of Growing Mice.

PMID- 19970756
TI  - Tooth Buds and Jaws in Patients with Congenital Syphilis: Correlation between
      Distribution of Treponema pallidum and Tissue Reaction.

PMID- 19970759
TI  - Studies on Ameboid Motion and Secretion of Motor End-Plates: III. Experimental
      Histopathology of Motor End-Plates Produced by Quinine, Curare, Prostigmine,
      Acetylcholine, Strychnine, Tetraethyl Lead, and Heat.

PMID- 19970760
TI  - Pulmonary Mucous Epithelial Hyperplasia (Pulmonary Adenomatosis): A Report of Two
      Cases.

PMID- 19970761
TI  - Neurilemomas in a Family of Brook Trout.

PMID- 19970762
TI  - Adenoma of the Bovine Bladder.

PMID- 19970763
TI  - Fatal Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in Man.

PMID- 19970765
TI  - Experimental Infection of the Chick Embryo with Virulent and Avirulent
      Pasteurella Pestis.

PMID- 19970764
TI  - Infection of Human Skin, Grafted on the Chorioallantois of Chick Embryos, with
      the Virus of Herpes Zoster.

PMID- 19970766
TI  - The Pathology of Fatal Epidemic Hepatitis.

PMID- 19970767
TI  - The Structure of the Liver after Recovery from Epidemic Hepatitis.

PMID- 19970768
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the Spleen: Report of a Case with Autopsy and a Study of
      Intracellular "Asteroid Bodies".

PMID- 19970769
TI  - Histology of Cerebral Lesions Produced by Focused Ultrasound.

PMID- 19970770
TI  - Studies on the Hemorrhagic Agent 3,3'-Methylenebis (4-Hydroxycoumarin): IV. The
      Pathologic Findings after the Administration of Dicumarol.

PMID- 19970771
TI  - Calcification of the Media of the Human Aorta and Its Relation to Intimal
      Arteriosclerosis, Ageing and Disease.

PMID- 19970773
TI  - Keratodermia Blennorrhagicum: Report of Case with Autopsy.

PMID- 19970772
TI  - Cushing's Syndrome with Possible Pheochromocytoma: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970774
TI  - Periarteritis Nodosa in Experimental Hypertensive Rats and Dogs.

PMID- 19970775
TI  - Reactions of the Blood and Organs of Dogs after Intravenous Injections of
      Solutions of Methyl Celluloses of Graded Molecular Weights.

PMID- 19970776
TI  - Spontaneous and Transplanted Reticulum Cell Sarcomas in Wistar Rats.

PMID- 19970777
TI  - Nonsuppurative Nodular Panniculitis (Weber-Christian's Disease).

PMID- 19970778
TI  - Multiple Primary Liposarcomas.

PMID- 19970779
TI  - True Hermaphroditism: Report of a Case with Mammary Carcinoma.

PMID- 19970780
TI  - The Effects of 3,4 Benzpyrene on Wound Repair in the Skin of Mice.

PMID- 19970781
TI  - Diffuse Glomerulonephritis Following Revaccination for Smallpox.

PMID- 19970782
TI  - The Development of Hepatic Cirrhosis in Dogs after Hypophysectomy: Its
      Association with Unanticipated, Coincidental Hypothalamic Injury.

PMID- 19970784
TI  - Feminization in Male Dogs: A Syndrome Associated with Carcinoma of the Testis and
      Mimicked by the Administration of Estrogens.

PMID- 19970783
TI  - The Influence of an Activated Sterol on Blood Pressure in Dogs.

PMID- 19970785
TI  - Multiple Diffuse Fibrosarcoma of Bone.

PMID- 19970786
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Liver with Metastases to Bone: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970787
TI  - Bronchiolar Origin of "Alvelor Cell Tumor" of the Lung.

PMID- 19970788
TI  - Proliferative Activity in Brunner's Glands.

PMID- 19970789
TI  - Studis on the Early Chang in the Livers of Rates Treated with Various Toxic
      Agents, with Especial Reference to the Vascular Lesions: I. The Histology of the
      Rat's Liver in Urethane Poisoning.

PMID- 19970791
TI  - Congenital Gastro-enteric Cystes of the Mediastinum: A Review and Report of a
      Case.

PMID- 19970790
TI  - Studies on Ameboid Motion and Secretion of Motor End-Plates: IV. Anatomic Effects
      of Poliomyelitis on the Neuromuscular Mechanism in The Monkey.

PMID- 19970792
TI  - The Morphogenesis and Significance of Degenerative Verrucal Endocardiosis
      (Terminal Endocarditis, Endocarditis Simplex, Nonbacterial Thrombotic
      Endocarditis).

PMID- 19970793
TI  - Chronic Granuloma Associated with Periarteritis Nodosa: Report of a Case with
      Renal Failure.

PMID- 19970794
TI  - Giant Cell Pneumonia with Inclusions: A Lesion Common to Hecht's Disease,
      Distemper and Measles.

PMID- 19970795
TI  - Gastric Ulcer in Swine.

PMID- 19970796
TI  - An Ovine Monstrosity (Cormo-Melodidymi Dipygus Bidorsualis).

PMID- 19970797
TI  - Experimental Silicosis Produced with the Ash from Human Silicotic Lungs.

PMID- 19970798
TI  - Influence of Age on the Growth of Lymphomas.

PMID- 19970800
TI  - Proliferative Lesions in Multiple Myeloma with Special Reference to Those of the
      Spleen: The Origin of the Plasma Cell.

PMID- 19970799
TI  - Growth of a Mouse Lymphoma Compared to Normal Tissue Growth.

PMID- 19970801
TI  - Congenital Cyst of the Myocardium.

PMID- 19970803
TI  - Heterologous Mesodermal Tumors of the Uterus: Report of a Neoplasm Resembling a
      Granulosa Cell Tumor.

PMID- 19970802
TI  - Pathology of Scleroderma, with Special Reference to the Changes in the
      Gastrointestinal Tract.

PMID- 19970804
TI  - Adenomatoid Tumors of the Genital Tract.

PMID- 19970805
TI  - Accessory Splenic Tissue within the Scrotum: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970807
TI  - Visceral Lesions in Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19970806
TI  - Studies on the Motor Cells of the Spinal Cord: III. Position and Extent of
      Lesions in the Nuclear Pattern of Convalescent and Chronic Poliomyelitis
      Patients.

PMID- 19970808
TI  - Chemotactic Properties of Brucella Suis: A Study of Phagocytosis of Brucella in
      Vitro by Normal, Nonimmune Human Leukocytes.

PMID- 19970809
TI  - The Reaction of the Reticulo-endothelial System in Experimental and Naturally
      Acquired Brucellosis of Swine.

PMID- 19970810
TI  - The Relation of Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma.

PMID- 19970811
TI  - Arrest and Repair in Experimental Endocarditis Lenta.

PMID- 19970812
TI  - Studies on Tumors of the Testis: II. The Morphology of Testicular Tumors of Dogs.

PMID- 19970813
TI  - The Effects of Inhaled Heat on the Air Passages and Lungs: An Experimental
      Investigation.

PMID- 19970814
TI  - A Morphological Study Following the Intravenous Administration of Gelatin
      Solutions to Dogs.

PMID- 19970815
TI  - Changes in the Blood Vessels of Apparently Healthy Mongrel Dogs.

PMID- 19970816
TI  - Myoblastoma (Granular Cell Myoblastoma or Myoblastic Myoma).

PMID- 19970818
TI  - Multicentric Bilateral Carcinoma of the Kidneys.

PMID- 19970817
TI  - Vaccinal Infection of the Chorioallantoic Membrane of the Turtle Embryo.

PMID- 19970819
TI  - The Pathology of Trench Foot.

PMID- 19970820
TI  - Intranuclear Inclusions in Panleukopenia of Cats: A Correlation with the
      Pathogenesis of the Disease and Comparison with Inclusions of Herpes, B-Virus,
      Yellow Fever, and Burns.

PMID- 19970821
TI  - Sarcosporidiosis or Toxoplasmosis in Man and Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19970822
TI  - Healed or Arrested Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis: Correlation of Coccidioidin Skin
      Tests with Autopsy Findings.

PMID- 19970823
TI  - Subacute Bacterial (Streptococcus viridans) Pulmonary Endarteritis.

PMID- 19970825
TI  - Regression Produced in the Murphy Lymphosarcoma by the Injection of Heterologous
      Antibodies.

PMID- 19970824
TI  - Acute Diffuse Demyelinating Encephalopathy: Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19970826
TI  - The Diagnosis of Granuloma Venereum from Frozen Sections Stained with Polychrome
      Methylene Blue.

PMID- 19970827
TI  - Arterial Occlusions Produced by Emboli from Eroded Aortic Atheromatous Plaques.

PMID- 19970828
TI  - The Vaginal Smear in Diagnosis of Carcinoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19970829
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Pathology of Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Disease) and
      Other Rickettsial Diseases.

PMID- 19970830
TI  - Malignant Lymphoma (So-Called Leukemia) in Dogs.

PMID- 19970831
TI  - The Internal Lesions in Burns with Special Reference to the Liver and to Splenic
      Nodules: An Analysis of 96 Autopsies.

PMID- 19970832
TI  - The "Masson Body" in Rheumatic Pneumonia.

PMID- 19970833
TI  - The Reaction of the Reticulo-Endothelial System in Experimental Brucellosis of
      Dogs.

PMID- 19970834
TI  - Failure of Pressor Drugs to Influence "Juxtaglomerular Apparatus" in Rats.

PMID- 19970835
TI  - Primary Intracranial Chorionepithelioma with Metastases to the Lungs.

PMID- 19970837
TI  - Cellular Reactions to Mycolic Acids.

PMID- 19970836
TI  - Renal Injury in the Rat Following the Administration of Serine by Stomach Tube.

PMID- 19970838
TI  - Experimental Studies in Cardiovascular Pathology: XI. Thesaurosis and
      Atheromatosis Produced in Dogs by the Repeated Intravenous Injection of Solutions
      of Sodium Cellulose Glycollate.

PMID- 19970839
TI  - Experimental Studies in Calcification: I. The Effect of a Rachitogenic Diet on
      the Dental Tissues of the White Rat.

PMID- 19970840
TI  - Experimental Studies in Calcification: II. The Effect of a Rachitogenic Diet on
      the Alveolar Bone of the White Rat.

PMID- 19970841
TI  - Experimental Studies in Calcification: III. The Effect of Parathyroid Hormone on
      the Alveolar Bone and Teeth of the Normal and Rachitic Rat.

PMID- 19970842
TI  - A Study of the Circulation of the Spleen in Sicklemia and Sickle Cell Anemia.

PMID- 19970843
TI  - The Microscopic Diagnosis of Pulmonary Emphysema.

PMID- 19970844
TI  - The Visceral Lesions in Measles: With a Report of Koplik Spots in the Colon.

PMID- 19970845
TI  - Extragenital Choriocarcinoma in the Male.

PMID- 19970846
TI  - Studies on Ameboid Motion and Secretion of Motor End-Plates: VI. Pathologic
      Effects of Traumatic Shock on Motor and Sensory Nerve Endings in Skeletal Muscle
      of Unanesthetized Rats in the Noble-Collip Drum.

PMID- 19970847
TI  - The Racial Distribution of Nephritis and Hypertension in Panama.

PMID- 19970848
TI  - Experimental Studies in Calcification: IV. The Effects of Irradiated Ergosterol
      and of Starvation on the Dentin of the Rachitic Rat.

PMID- 19970849
TI  - Experimental Studies in Calcification: V. The Effect of Phosphate on the Alveolar
      Bone and the Dental Tissues of the Rachitic Rat.

PMID- 19970850
TI  - Intestinal Lipodystrophy (Whipple's Disease).

PMID- 19970852
TI  - Studies in Vitro on the Physiology of Cells: Histologic Reactions of Living
      Tissues to Hypotonic Solutions.

PMID- 19970851
TI  - A Pathological Study of Renal Damage Produced by Sulfadiazine in Rats:
      Development, Repair, and Residua.

PMID- 19970853
TI  - A Pathological Study of Mice Infected with the Virus of Swine Influenza.

PMID- 19970854
TI  - Primary Splenic Neoplasms.

PMID- 19970855
TI  - Giant Cystic Arrhenoblastoma of the Ovary Containing Entodermal Epithelium and a
      Carcinoid.

PMID- 19970856
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Myocardium Causing Complete Heart Block.

PMID- 19970857
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Nipple: With Special Reference to the Changes in the
      Ducts.

PMID- 19970858
TI  - Lesions of Skeletal Muscles in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Nodular Polymyositis.

PMID- 19970859
TI  - Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning: Report of Two Cases, One with Fatal Outcome, from
      Associated Mechanical Asphyxia.

PMID- 19970860
TI  - Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex Associated with Bilateral Testicular Tumors.

PMID- 19970862
TI  - A Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Swine with Striking Resemblance to Hodgkin's
      Disease.

PMID- 19970861
TI  - Studies on Ameboid Motion and Secretion of Motor End-Plates: VII. Experimental
      Pathology of the Secretory Mechanism of Motor End-Plates in Thermal Shock.

PMID- 19970863
TI  - Fat Embolism.

PMID- 19970864
TI  - Growth of the Rickettsiae of Tsutsugamushi Fever on the Chorioallantoic Membrane
      of the Developing Chick Embryo.

PMID- 19970865
TI  - Gynecomastia.

PMID- 19970866
TI  - Studies on the Early Changes in the Livers of Rats Treated with Various Toxic
      Agents, with Especial Reference to the Vascular Lesions: II. The Histology of the
      Rat's Liver in Allyl Formate Poisoning.

PMID- 19970867
TI  - Primary Tumor of the Heart Containing Epithelium-Like Elements.

PMID- 19970868
TI  - Gross Vascularity of the Mitral Valve as a Stigma of Rheumatic Heart Disease.

PMID- 19970869
TI  - Observations on the Pathological Changes Produced by a Toxic Substance Present in
      Blue-Green Algae (Microcystis aeruginosa).

PMID- 19970870
TI  - The Nephrotoxic Action of DL-Serine as Related to Certain Dietary Factors.

PMID- 19970872
TI  - Studies on Chancroid: I. Observations on the Histology with an Evaluation of
      Biopsy as a Diagnostic Procedure.

PMID- 19970871
TI  - "Ceroid" Pigment in Human Tissues.

PMID- 19970873
TI  - The Problem of Human Toxoplasma Carriers.

PMID- 19970874
TI  - Odontogenic Tumors: A Classification Based on Observations of the Epithelial,
      Mesenchymal, and Mixed Varieties.

PMID- 19970875
TI  - Atypical Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19970876
TI  - Coexistent Pulmonary Asbestosis and Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 19970877
TI  - Xanthomatosis of the Arterial Media in a Dog.

PMID- 19970878
TI  - Malignant Granulosa Cell Tumor with Pseudotubercles.

PMID- 19970879
TI  - Dysgerminoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19970880
TI  - Obliterative Cerebral Arteriosclerosis: A Characteristic Vascular Syndrome.

PMID- 19970881
TI  - The Central Nervous System in Pneumonia (Nonsuppurative Pneumonic Encephalitis):
      II. A Pathologic Study.

PMID- 19970882
TI  - Adenomatoid Transformation of the Glomerular Capsular Epithelium.

PMID- 19970883
TI  - Bismuth Pigmentation: Its Histochemical Identification.

PMID- 19970884
TI  - Ossifying Cartilage and Thrombi in the Hearts of Rats.

PMID- 19970885
TI  - Anomalous Portal Vein in Mice Occasionally Causing Intestinal Infarction.

PMID- 19970886
TI  - Necrotizing Arterial Lesions Resembling Those of Periarteritis Nodosa and Focal
      Visceral Necrosis Following Administration of Sulfathiazole: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970887
TI  - Hypersensitivity in the Pathogenesis of the Histopathologic Changes Associated
      with Sulfonamide Chemotherapy.

PMID- 19970888
TI  - The Pathology of Sulfonamide Allergy in Man.

PMID- 19970889
TI  - Experiments with Jaagsiekte.

PMID- 19970890
TI  - Chronic Leptomeningitis and Ependymitis Caused by Ustilago, Probably U. Zeae
      (Corn Smut): Ustilagomycosis, the Second Reported Instance of Human Infection.

PMID- 19970891
TI  - Systemic Infantile Toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 19970892
TI  - Pathologic Findings in the Lungs of Five Cases from Which Influenza Virus Was
      Isolated.

PMID- 19970893
TI  - The Significance of Hyperemia Around Tumor Implants.

PMID- 19970895
TI  - Medial Hyperplasia in Pulmonary Arteries of Cats.

PMID- 19970894
TI  - Mediastinal Chorionepithelioma in a Male: A Case Report.

PMID- 19970896
TI  - Cephalothoracopagus Monosymmetros: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970897
TI  - Arterial Calcification in Infancy with Special Reference to the Coronary
      Arteries.

PMID- 19970898
TI  - Skeletal Changes Caused by the Combined Administration of Thyroxin and Estrogen.

PMID- 19970899
TI  - Leiomyoma of the Ventral Ligament of the Oviduct of the Chicken.

PMID- 19970900
TI  - The Occurrence of Neoplasms in the Liver, Lungs, and Other Tissues of Rats as a
      Result of Prolonged Choline Deficiency.

PMID- 19970901
TI  - The Fulminant Form of Epidemic Hepatitis.

PMID- 19970902
TI  - Bone Infarcts: Case Report with Autopsy Findings.

PMID- 19970904
TI  - Human Salmonellosis Due to Salmonella senftenberg.

PMID- 19970903
TI  - The Pathology of Japanese B Encephalitis.

PMID- 19970905
TI  - Fatal Hookworm Disease in Infancy and Childhood on Guam.

PMID- 19970906
TI  - Experiments on the Spread of Neoplastic Cells Through the Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19970907
TI  - Hemorrhagic Diathesis Experimentally Induced by Deficiency in Vitamin K: A
      Histopathologic Study.

PMID- 19970908
TI  - Studies on the Coagulation Defect in a Case of Thrombocytopenic Purpura
      Complicated by Thrombosis.

PMID- 19970909
TI  - Studies on Ameboid Motion and Secretion of Motor End-Plates: VIII. Experimental
      Morphologic Pathology of the Chemical Transmitter of Nerve Impulses in the Course
      of Wallerian Degeneration.

PMID- 19970910
TI  - Experimental Studies in Cardiovascular Pathology: XIV. Experimental Atheromatosis
      in Macacus rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 19970911
TI  - Metastatic Calcification Associated with Hypervitaminosis D and Haliphagia.

PMID- 19970912
TI  - Pathological Calcification in the Gingivae.

PMID- 19970913
TI  - Adnexal Carcinoma of the Skin.

PMID- 19970914
TI  - Drainage of the Pulmonary Veins Into the Ductus Venosus Arantii: Report of a
      Case.

PMID- 19970915
TI  - Gross Cerebral Hemorrhage and Vascular Lesions in Acute Tuberculous Meningitis
      and Meningo-Encephalitis.

PMID- 19970916
TI  - Studies on Periarteritis Nodosa: II. The Role of Various Factors in the Etiology
      of Periarteritis Nodosa in Experimental Animals.

PMID- 19970917
TI  - The Nonportal Distribution of the Trabeculae in Dietary Cirrhosis of Rats and in
      Carbon Tetrachloride Cirrhosis of Rats and Guinea-Pigs.

PMID- 19970918
TI  - Mummified Epidermal Cysts: (So-Called "Calcified Epitheliomas").

PMID- 19970919
TI  - Ewing's Sarcoma of Bone.

PMID- 19970920
TI  - Fatty Infiltration of the Liver in Patients with Mongolism and in Children with
      Hydrocephaly and Microcephaly.

PMID- 19970921
TI  - Histopathology of Monocytic Leukemia.

PMID- 19970922
TI  - The Pathology of High-Altitude Frostbite.

PMID- 19970923
TI  - Tuberous Sclerosis with Congenital Tumors of Heart and Kidney: Report of a Case
      in a Premature Infant.

PMID- 19970924
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Livers: Reconstructions of Cystic Elements in Two
      Cases.

PMID- 19970925
TI  - A Histologic Study of the Reaction in the Hamster Spleen Produced by the Virus of
      Colorado Tick Fever.

PMID- 19970926
TI  - Blindness in Ducks Accompanying Hypoglycemia: A Clinical and Pathological Study.

PMID- 19970927
TI  - Plasmacytoma of the Stomach: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970928
TI  - The Fate of Carcinoma Emboli in the Lung.

PMID- 19970929
TI  - The Permeability of the Renal Glomeruli of Several Mammalian Species to Labelled
      Proteins.

PMID- 19970930
TI  - Intralobular Regeneration of Liver Cells in Man.

PMID- 19970931
TI  - Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Critical Survey.

PMID- 19970932
TI  - Residual Tissue Changes in Male Dogs Following Cessation of Orally Administered
      Stilbestrol.

PMID- 19970933
TI  - Studies on the Motor Cells of the Spinal Cord: V. Poliomyelitic Lesions in the
      Spinal Motor Nuclei in Acute Cases.

PMID- 19970934
TI  - Aleukemic Myelosis: Chronic Nonleukemic Myelosis, Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia,
      Osteosclerosis, Leuko-Erythroblastic Anemia, and Synonymous Designations.

PMID- 19970935
TI  - Lesions Following the Use of Ertron in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19970936
TI  - Radio-Autographic Studies of the Distribution of Lewisite and Mustard Gas in Skin
      and Eye Tissues.

PMID- 19970937
TI  - So-Called Pulmonary Adenomatosis and "Alveolar Cell Tumors": Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970938
TI  - Distinctive Characteristics of the Sympathicoblastoma Cultivated in Vitro: A
      Method for Prompt Diagnosis.

PMID- 19970939
TI  - Intestinal Lipodystrophy of Whipple: Report of a Case and Analysis of the
      Literature.

PMID- 19970940
TI  - Infectious Mononucleosis: An Autopsy Report.

PMID- 19970941
TI  - Cysts of the Adrenal Gland with Case Report.

PMID- 19970942
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Pancreas: Reconstruction of Cystic Elements in One
      Case.

PMID- 19970943
TI  - Ectopic Smooth Muscle in the Human Gastric Mucosa.

PMID- 19970944
TI  - The Renal Arteriolar Changes in the Anuric Crush Syndrome.

PMID- 19970945
TI  - Studies of Thermal Injury: I. The Conduction of Heat to and through Skin and the
      Temperatures Attained Therein. A Theoretical and an Experimental Investigation.

PMID- 19970946
TI  - A Histological Study of Skeletal Muscle in Acute Ischemia.

PMID- 19970947
TI  - The Benign Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheaths: An Example of Sclerosing
      Hemangioma.

PMID- 19970948
TI  - Endothelial-Cell Sarcoma of Liver Following Thorotrast Injections.

PMID- 19970949
TI  - Myelolipoma of the Adrenals: Report of Seven Cases.

PMID- 19970950
TI  - Observations on Tyzzer's Disease in Mice.

PMID- 19970951
TI  - The Histopathology of Acute Mumps Orchitis.

PMID- 19970952
TI  - Lymphogranuloma Venereum: A Histologic Study of the Primary Lesion, Bubonulus,
      and Lymph Nodes in Cases Proved by Isolation of the Virus.

PMID- 19970953
TI  - Mucormycosis of the Central Nervous System Associated with Hemochromatosis:
      Report of a Case.

PMID- 19970954
TI  - Pulmonary Changes Following Exposure to Phosgene.

PMID- 19970955
TI  - Studies of Thermal Injury: II. The Relative Importance of Time and Surface
      Temperature in the Causation of Cutaneous Burns.

PMID- 19970956
TI  - Granular Cell Myoblastoma.

PMID- 19970957
TI  - Subcortical Fibroblastoma of the Brain: A Case Report.

PMID- 19970958
TI  - Osteopetrosis: Albers-Schonberg Disease (Marble Bones): Report of a Case and
      Morphologic Study.

PMID- 19970959
TI  - Experimental Argyrosis: III. Pigmentation of the Eyes of Rats Following Ingestion
      of Silver During Long Periods of Time.

PMID- 19970960
TI  - The Resorption of Arterial Atheromatous Deposits in Wasting Disease.

PMID- 19970961
TI  - Two Simultaneous Cases of Leprosy Developing in Tattoos.

PMID- 19970962
TI  - The Intestinal Phase of Human Trichinosis.

PMID- 19970963
TI  - Studies on Capillary Permeability as Affected by Anoxemia.

PMID- 19970964
TI  - The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (Bovine Epitheliosis): With Special
      Reference to Cytoplasmic Inclusions.

PMID- 19970965
TI  - Development of the Inflammatory Lesions and of Rickettsiae of Murine Typhus in
      the Lungs of Rats.

PMID- 19970966
TI  - Intranuclear Inclusions in the Islands of Langerhans of Chickens.

PMID- 19970967
TI  - The Fate of Endocardial Vegetations Following Penicillin Treatment of Bacterial
      Endocarditis.

PMID- 19970968
TI  - Studies on Experimental Phosgene Poisoning: I. The Pathologic Anatomy of Phosgene
      Poisoning, with Special Reference to the Early and Late Phases.

PMID- 19970969
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Congenital Polycystic Lung and Its Correlation with
      Polycystic Disease of Other Epithelial Organs: Reconstruction of Cystic Elements
      in Two Cases.

PMID- 19970970
TI  - Gingival Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Generalized Amyloidosis.

PMID- 19970971
TI  - Studies of Thermal Injury: III. The Pathology and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous
      Burns. An Experimental Study.

PMID- 19970972
TI  - Granuloma, a Characteristic "Qualitative" Change in Focal Anaphylactic
      Inflammation.

PMID- 19970973
TI  - Hemoglobin Crystals, Casts, and Globules in the Renal Tubules of Guinea-Pigs
      Following Chemical Hemolysis.

PMID- 19970974
TI  - Glomerulonephritis Occurring in Experimental Brucellosis in Dogs.

PMID- 19970975
TI  - Fatal Inclusion-Disease Pneumonitis in an Adult.

PMID- 19970976
TI  - Paracoccidioidal Granulomatosis: Cardiac Localization in a Case of Generalized
      Form.

PMID- 19970977
TI  - Generalized Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy: A Pathologic Study of Seven Cases.

PMID- 19970978
TI  - Metastasizing Carcinoma of the Parathyroid Gland with Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
      and Extensive Calcinosis.

PMID- 19970979
TI  - Bone Marrow Embolism.

PMID- 19970980
TI  - Thrombosis of the Renal Veins with Massive Hemorrhagic Infarction of the Kidneys
      in Childhood: Report of Four Cases.

PMID- 19970981
TI  - Electron Microscope Studies of Collagen from Normal and Diseased Tissues.

PMID- 19970982
TI  - Histopathology and Etiology of Pneumonia in Children Dying after Antibacterial
      Therapy.

PMID- 19970983
TI  - Localized Tuberculoid Granulomas Associated with Carcinoma: Their Relationship to
      Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 19970984
TI  - Malignant Melanoma in the Tropics.

PMID- 19970985
TI  - Enzymatic Staining Reactions in the Kidneys of Potassium-Depleted Rats.

PMID- 19970986
TI  - An Electron Microscopic Study of Experimental Atherosclerosis.

PMID- 19970987
TI  - Hepatic Lipid Produced by Polyphagia in Albino Rats: Relationships to Dietary
      Choline and Casein.

PMID- 19970988
TI  - Geographic Differences in the Severity of Aortic and Coronary Atherosclerosis:
      The United States, Jamaica, W. I., South India, and Japan.

PMID- 19970989
TI  - Nephrotoxic Properties of Copper under Experimental Conditions in Mice: With
      Special Reference to the Pathogenesis of the Renal Alterations in Wilson's
      Disease.

PMID- 19970990
TI  - Rabbit Pancreas in Protein Malnutrition (Experimental Kwashiorkor) and after
      Cortisone Administration.

PMID- 19970991
TI  - Pathogenesis of Experimental Shock: I. Absence of Morphologic Evidence for
      Bacterial Endotoxemia.

PMID- 19970992
TI  - Chronic Pulmonary Emphysema (an Experimental Study): III. Experimental Pulmonary
      Emphysema.

PMID- 19970993
TI  - Siderosis Associated with Increased Lipofuscins and Mast Cells in Aging Mice.

PMID- 19970994
TI  - Experimental Infection of Embryonated Eggs with Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

PMID- 19970995
TI  - Renal Histochemistry of Oxidative Enzyme Systems in Aminonucleoside Nephrosis.

PMID- 19970996
TI  - Histochemical Demonstration of Sialomucin in Transplantable Thyroid Carcinoma.

PMID- 19970997
TI  - Primary Polydipsia and Hydronephrosis in an Inbred Strain of Mice.

PMID- 19970998
TI  - Renal Neoplasms in the Irradiated and Nonirradiated Sprague-Dawley Rat.

PMID- 19970999
TI  - Investigations of Allergic Liver Injury: I. Light, Fluorescent and Electron
      Microscopic Study of the Effects of Soluble Immune Aggregates.

PMID- 19971000
TI  - Studies on the Fine Structure of the Terminal Branches of the Biliary Tree: I.
      The Morphology of Normal Bile Canaliculi, Bile Pre-ductules (Ducts of Hering) and
      Bile Ductules.

PMID- 19971002
TI  - Behavior of Acid Phosphatase in the Reticuloendothelial System of Genetically
      Susceptible and Resistant Mice Infected with S. typhimurium.

PMID- 19971003
TI  - Studies on the Fine Structure of the Terminal Branches of the Biliary Tree: II.
      Observations of Pathologically Altered Bile Canaliculi.

PMID- 19971001
TI  - Tumors of the Liver Following Administration of Thorotrast.

PMID- 19971004
TI  - The Effect of Cirrhosis on Iron Storage.

PMID- 19971006
TI  - The Incidence of Tumors after Treatment with DL-ethionine and N-2
      fluorenylacetamide.

PMID- 19971005
TI  - Effects on the Rat Liver of Bile Duct, Portal Vein and Hepatic Artery Ligations.

PMID- 19971007
TI  - Immunocytochemical Studies in Schistosomiasis.

PMID- 19971009
TI  - Electron Microscopic Studies on the Development of the Glomerular Lesions in
      Aminonucleoside Nephrosis.

PMID- 19971008
TI  - The Etiology of Discrete Splenic and Hepatic Calcifications in an Endemic Area of
      Histoplasmosis.

PMID- 19971010
TI  - Factors Involved in Recovery from Experimental Skeletal Muscle Ischemia Produced
      in Dogs: I. Histologic and Histochemical Pattern of Ischemic Muscle.

PMID- 19971011
TI  - Immunization Against Brucella Infection: IX. The Response of the Guinea Pig to
      the Immunizing Strain (Rev. 1) of Brucella melitensis.

PMID- 19971012
TI  - The Editor's Desk.

PMID- 19971013
TI  - Lipoid Proteinosis (Lipoglycoproteinosis): A Histochemical Study of Two Cases.

PMID- 19971014
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Psittacosis: Serial Studies on Rhesus Monkeys Exposed to a
      Small-Particle Aerosol of the Borg Strain.

PMID- 19971015
TI  - Studies of the Mechanism of Experimental Nephritis with Fluorescein-Labeled
      Antibody: II. Localization and Persistence of Injected Rabbit or Duck Anti-Rat
      Kidney Serum During the Course of Nephritis in Rats.

PMID- 19971017
TI  - Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Studies of the Pathogenesis of Infection and
      Antibody Formation Subsequent to Vaccination of Macaca irus With an Attenuated
      Strain of Pasteurella tularensis: II. Aerogenic Vaccination.

PMID- 19971016
TI  - Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Studies of the Pathogenesis of Infection and
      Antibody Formation Subsequent to Vaccination of Macaca irus with an Attenuated
      Strain of Pasteurella tularensis: I. Intracutaneous Vaccination.

PMID- 19971018
TI  - Homotransplantation of the Canine Liver as an Orthotopic Vascularized Graft:
      Histologic and Functional Correlations During Residence in the New Host.

PMID- 19971019
TI  - Neuronal Enzyme Alterations in Tay-Sachs Disease.

PMID- 19971020
TI  - Variations of Aminopeptidase Activity in Granulation Tissue and in Serum of Rats
      During Wound Healing: A Correlated Histochemical and Quantitative Study.

PMID- 19971021
TI  - The Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin on the Placenta of the Rat.

PMID- 19971022
TI  - Response of the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Mouse to 5-Fluorouracil.

PMID- 19971023
TI  - Experimental Pulmonary Emphysema: The Effect of Intratracheal Injection of
      Cadmium Chloride Solution in the Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19971024
TI  - Rift Valley Fever Virus Hepatitis: Light and Electron Microscopic Studies in the
      Mouse.

PMID- 19971025
TI  - Intraluminal Nuclei and Other Inclusions as Agonal Artifacts of the Renal
      Proximal Tubules.

PMID- 19971026
TI  - The Mesangium of the Renal Glomerulus: Electron Microscopic Studies of Pathologic
      Alterations.

PMID- 19971027
TI  - The Fine Structure of the Parenchymal Cell of the Normal Rat Liver: I. General
      Observations.

PMID- 19971028
TI  - Biochemical and Morphologic Correlations of Hepatic Protein Synthesis in Acute
      Ethanol Intoxication in Rats.

PMID- 19971029
TI  - Electron Microscopic Observations on Councilman-Like Acidophilic Bodies and Other
      Forms of Acidophilic Changes in Human Liver Cells.

PMID- 19971030
TI  - The Movement of Iron-Laden Lysosomes in Rat Liver Cells During Mitosis.

PMID- 19971031
TI  - Organ Abnormalities in a Human Parabiotic Syndrome.

PMID- 19971032
TI  - Studies on the Bacteriology of Hamster Periodontal Disease.

PMID- 19971033
TI  - Tyzzer's Disease Syndrome in Laboratory Rabbits.

PMID- 19971034
TI  - Histoplasma Capsulatum Infection in the Chorioallantois of Embryonated Eggs.

PMID- 19971035
TI  - Lysosomal activity in sertoli cells of normal and degenerating seminiferous
      epithelium of rat testes: an ultrastructural and biochemical study.

PMID- 19971036
TI  - Matrix inclusion bodies in the mitochondria of the human liver: evidence of
      hepatocellular injury.

PMID- 19971037
TI  - Cardiovascular studies on copper-deficient Swine: x. The fine structure of the
      defective elastic membranes.

PMID- 19971038
TI  - Electron-Microscope Studies of Experimental Salmonella Infection in the
      Preconditioned Guinea Pig: II. Response of the Intestinal Mucosa to the Invasion
      by Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 19971039
TI  - The glycosaminoglycans of salivary gland tumors: a histochemical characterization
      and a critical evaluation.

PMID- 19971040
TI  - Electron-Microscopic Study of the Intestinal Epithelium of Mice Infected with the
      Agent of Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice (EDIM Virus).

PMID- 19971041
TI  - The effect of heparin on endotoxin shock in the rat.

PMID- 19971042
TI  - Vascular permeability in experimental kernicterus: an electron-microscopic study
      of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 19971043
TI  - Organ Lesions Produced in Rabbits by Group a Streptococci and Some of their
      Extracellular Products.

PMID- 19971044
TI  - Electron microscopy of cellular responses following immunization with endotoxin.

PMID- 19971046
TI  - Paratentorial Grooving of Human Brains with Particular Reference to
      Transtentorial Herniation and the Pathogenesis of Secondary Brain-stem
      Hemorrhages.

PMID- 19971045
TI  - Healing of Pseudointimas in Velour-lined, Impermeable Arterial Prostheses.

PMID- 19971047
TI  - Factors Modifying Host Resistance to Virus Infection: II. Enhanced Susceptibility
      of Mice to Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection During Pregnancy.

PMID- 19971048
TI  - The development of sarcomas from transplants of the hyperplastic stromal
      endothelium of glioblastoma multiforme.

PMID- 19971049
TI  - Complement-receptor lymphocytes.

PMID- 19971050
TI  - Down's Syndrome (Mongolism, Trisomy 21).

PMID- 19971052
TI  - Chapter VI: The Fifth Decade (1941-1950).

PMID- 19971051
TI  - Radiation-Induced Cardiomyopathy: II. An Electron Microscopic Study of Myocardial
      Microvasculature.
AB  - Sequential ultrastructural lesions of rabbit myocardial microvasculature after a
      single dose (1008 or 1300 rads) of local x-irradiation are described. Vascular
      permeability status was assessed through use of ferritin and colloidal carbon.
      Endothelial cell swelling and increased vascular permeability were the most
      conspicuous lesions during the first week following irradiation. Increased
      vascular permeability, as indicated by the observed ferritin and carbon
      distribution, appears to be a result of altered pinocytotic transport and
      widening of endothelial junctional gaps. These lesions, on day 14 and later, were
      followed by basement membrane thickening, endothelial cell extrusions and bleb
      formation, platelet sequestration, abnormal endothelial cell phagocytosis and
      appearance of myelin-like figures within the endothelial cells.

PMID- 19971054
TI  - Chapter VIII: The Seventh and Early Eighth Decades (1961-1974).

PMID- 19971053
TI  - Chapter VII: The Sixth Decade (1951-1960).

PMID- 19971055
TI  - Chapter IX: The Gold Headed Cane.

PMID- 19971056
TI  - Chapter III: The Second Decade (1911-1920).

PMID- 19971057
TI  - Chapter IV: The Third Decade (1921-1930).

PMID- 19971059
TI  - Chapter II: The First Decade (1901-1910).

PMID- 19971058
TI  - Chapter v: the fourth decade (1931-1940).

PMID- 19971061
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971060
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971062
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971064
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971063
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971065
TI  - Historical events in pathology.

PMID- 19971066
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971067
TI  - Historical events in pathology: phytohemagglutinin.

PMID- 19971069
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971068
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology.

PMID- 19971070
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: john hunter (1728-1793).

PMID- 19971072
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: friedrich krukenberg and his tumor.

PMID- 19971071
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: john hunter (1728-1793).

PMID- 19971073
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: Thomas bevill peacock (1812-1882).

PMID- 19971074
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: giovanni maria lancisi (1654-1720).

PMID- 19971075
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: james B. Herrick (1861-1954).

PMID- 19971077
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: etienne-louis arthur fallot (1850
      1911).

PMID- 19971076
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: giovanni battista morgagni (1682
      1771).

PMID- 19971078
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: rene-theophile-hyacinthe laennec
      (1718-1826).

PMID- 19971079
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: phillippe charles ernest Gaucher
      (1854-1918).

PMID- 19971080
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: george h. Whipple (1878-1976).

PMID- 19971081
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: frederik rusysch (1638-1731).

PMID- 19971083
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: ludwig aschoff (1866-1942).

PMID- 19971082
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: marie-francois-xavier bichat (1771
      1802).

PMID- 19971084
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: richard bright (1789-1858).

PMID- 19971085
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: Rudolf L. K. Virchow (1821-1902).

PMID- 19971086
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: Rudolf virchow (1821-1902).

PMID- 19971088
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: julius cohnheim (1839-1884).

PMID- 19971087
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: karl von rokitansky (1804-1878).

PMID- 19971089
TI  - Selected items from the history of pathology: giovanni battista morgagni (1682
      1771).

PMID- 19971090
TI  - AN APPARENTLY NEW FORM OF TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19971091
TI  - ARTIFICIAL FLUIDS AS UNINJURIOUS AS POSSIBLE TO ANIMAL TISSUES.

PMID- 19971093
TI  - A NEW METHOD OF DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF CARBONIC ACID IN THE AIR OF ROOMS.

PMID- 19971092
TI  - A WORKING MODEL OF THE EYE WITH ELASTIC LENS.

PMID- 19971094
TI  - PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION OF THE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS LIQUEFACIANS.

PMID- 19971095
TI  - THE SUPPOSED ACTION OF THE COMMERCIAL LITHIA WATERS; AND SOME HYGIENIC DIETETIC
      THERAPEUTIC AND ECONOMIC FACTS CONCERNING LIQUID MALT EXTRACTS.

PMID- 19971096
TI  - A NEW CULTURE MEDIUM ESPECIALLY FAVORABLE FOR THE GROWTH OF THE STEPTOCOCCI.

PMID- 19971097
TI  - "AN UNUSUAL ACTION OF THE DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS."

PMID- 19971098
TI  - "AN IMPROVED MICROTOME "

PMID- 19971100
TI  - "THE IODINE TEST FOR SEMINAL STAINS."

PMID- 19971099
TI  - "ANTISTREPTOCOCCUS SERUM"

PMID- 19971101
TI  - REMARKS ON NEUROGLIA.

PMID- 19971102
TI  - THE DOUBLE STAINING OF SPERMATOZOA.

PMID- 19971103
TI  - HAEMATOPORPHYRINURIA.

PMID- 19971105
TI  - FIBRINO-PURULENT PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19971104
TI  - A SPECIMEN FROM A CASE OF TERATOMA OF THE HEAD.

PMID- 19971107
TI  - A SPECIMEN OF FLUID FROM AN AMOEBIC ABSCESS OF THE LIVER.

PMID- 19971106
TI  - ENTEROPTOSIS.

PMID- 19971108
TI  - "A PATHOGENIC DIPLOCOCCUS"

PMID- 19971109
TI  - "MENTAL CONTROL OF PROJECTED AFTER IMAGES."

PMID- 19971110
TI  - CHAIR DESIGNED BY HIM.

PMID- 19971111
TI  - "BACILLUS OF BUBONIC PLAGUE "

PMID- 19971112
TI  - "A Culture of the Bacillus of Influenza,"

PMID- 19971114
TI  - II. "Kaiserling's Method for the Preservation of Specimens with their Natural
      Colors."

PMID- 19971113
TI  - I. "Double Staining of Fresh Tissue."

PMID- 19971116
TI  - II. The Recovery of the Heart from Fibrillary Contractions.

PMID- 19971115
TI  - I. On the Cause of the Heart Beat.

PMID- 19971117
TI  - III. Note on the Relation between the Beat of the Ventricle and the Flow of Blood
      through the Coronary Arteries.

PMID- 19971118
TI  - "Pressure Filter"

PMID- 19971119
TI  - "Contribution to the Detection of Arsenic in Medico-Legal Cases in which the
      Cadaver has been Embalmed with Arsenical Solution."

PMID- 19971121
TI  - "TOWARDS THE 'DISCHARGE HYPOTHESIS' OF MUSCLE BY NERVE."

PMID- 19971120
TI  - "A Remarkable Case of Tuberculosis in the Cat."

PMID- 19971122
TI  - "AN UNUSUAL DEGENERATION OF THE SPINAL CORD "

PMID- 19971123
TI  - THE DESTRUCTION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN BY OTHER PRODUCTS OF THE DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS.

PMID- 19971124
TI  - FOUR DEFECTIVE BRAINS.

PMID- 19971125
TI  - "STRENGTH TESTS AND THE STRONG MEN OF HARVARD."

PMID- 19971126
TI  - "ON THE ABSORPTION OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES BY THE FAUCIAL TONSILS IN THE HUMAN
      SUBJECT."

PMID- 19971127
TI  - "FIFTY NORMAL BLOOD COUNTS."

PMID- 19971128
TI  - "CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP."

PMID- 19971129
TI  - "THE PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP JOINT."

PMID- 19971130
TI  - "THE GENERAL AFTER EFFECTS OF ETHER."

PMID- 19971131
TI  - "EFFECTS OF ETHER ON THE KIDNEYS"-A STUDY OF 75 CASES.

PMID- 19971132
TI  - "ON THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE STOOLS IN TYPHOID FEVER, AND ITS VALUE
      IN DIAGNOSIS."

PMID- 19971133
TI  - "THE CIRCULATION THROUGH THE VEINS OF THEBESIUS."

PMID- 19971134
TI  - "AN ETIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ATROPHIC DISEASE OF THE UPPER AIR PASSAGES."

PMID- 19971135
TI  - "SPONTANEOUS PSEUDO-TUBERCULOSIS IN A GUINEAPIG, AND THE BACILLUS CAUSING IT."

PMID- 19971137
TI  - "HEART"

PMID- 19971136
TI  - "ENORMOUSLY DILATED SIGMOID FLEXURE"

PMID- 19971138
TI  - "THE RELATIONS OF THE ELECTROLYTES TO THE NON-ELECTROLYTES IN THE BLOOD
      CORPUSCLES AND BLOOD-SERUM."

PMID- 19971139
TI  - "A CRITICISM OF THE ACCEPTED POSITION OF THE FEET IN MILITARY AND GYMNASTIC
      DRILL."

PMID- 19971140
TI  - "PATHOLOGICAL CASES "

PMID- 19971141
TI  - "DIPHTHERITIC GASTRITIS."

PMID- 19971142
TI  - "A NEW TEST FOR MONOCULAR BLINDNESS."

PMID- 19971143
TI  - "RESULTS OF A FEW INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS UPON CALVES WITH THE BACILLUS OF HUMAN
      TUBERCULOSIS."

PMID- 19971144
TI  - "DIPHTHERIA OF THE PREPUCE."

PMID- 19971145
TI  - MODEL (4xN) OF THE HUMAN ABDOMINAL VISCERA.

PMID- 19971146
TI  - "SOME OBSERVATIONS IN A CASE OF HUMAN PANCREATIC FISTULA."

PMID- 19971147
TI  - "VIRULENCE OF BACILLI IN CASES OF DIPHTHERIA AFTER THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE
      CLINICAL SYMPTOMS."

PMID- 19971149
TI  - "APPARATUS FOR THE APPLICATION OF DRY HEAT AS A THERAPEUTIC MEASURE."

PMID- 19971148
TI  - "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TOXIN PRODUCTION OF DIPHTHERIA BACILLI."

PMID- 19971151
TI  - "EXAMINATION OF HUMAN GAIT "

PMID- 19971150
TI  - "ORIGIN OF THE ELASTIC FIBRES IN THE HEART AND AORTA OF THE AXOLOTL AND THE
      SALMON TROUT."

PMID- 19971152
TI  - "ON THE PRESENCE OF THE TYPHOID BACILLUS IN URINE AND SPUTUM."

PMID- 19971153
TI  - "TWO CASES OF DIPHTHERIA OF THE PENIS."

PMID- 19971154
TI  - "A MODIFICATION OF THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PRODUCTION OF INDOL BY
      BACTERIA."

PMID- 19971156
TI  - "FORMALDEHYDE AS A PRACTICAL DISINFECTANT."

PMID- 19971155
TI  - "ON SOURCES OF ERROR IN DETERMINING THE PRODUCTION OF GASES AND ACIDS BY BACTERIA
      AND THE MEANS OF AVOIDING THEM."

PMID- 19971157
TI  - In the Discussion.

PMID- 19971158
TI  - "A CASE OF HYDROCEPHALUS DUE TO MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION IN THE FOURTH VENTRICLE."

PMID- 19971159
TI  - "THE SPINAL CORD IN A CASE OF ANENCEPHALUS."

PMID- 19971161
TI  - "ACTION OF ALCOHOL ON DOGS AS REGARDS NON-VIABILITY AND MALFORMATION OF THE
      YOUNG, AND SEVERITY OF ATTACK IN AN EPIDEMIC OF DISTEMPER."

PMID- 19971160
TI  - "AN ADJUSTABLE CHAIR"

PMID- 19971163
TI  - Sterilization of Sutures.

PMID- 19971162
TI  - Experimental Studies on the Influence of the Central Nervous System upon the
      Development of the Embryo.

PMID- 19971165
TI  - "Variometer" of von Hefner-Albeneck.

PMID- 19971164
TI  - Diphtheria of the Skin of the Neck.

PMID- 19971166
TI  - Preliminary Note on the Action of Saline Cathartics.

PMID- 19971167
TI  - Cerebro-spinal Meningitis and its Relation to other Forms of Meningitis.

PMID- 19971168
TI  - Research on the Action of the Vagus Nerve and its Importance in understanding the
      Normal Heart-beat.

PMID- 19971169
TI  - Study of Classification of Leucocytes.

PMID- 19971171
TI  - Albumosuria.

PMID- 19971170
TI  - Glycosuria in Diphtheria.

PMID- 19971173
TI  - Cystin Calculus.

PMID- 19971172
TI  - On the Utilization of the Normal Tonsillar Absorption in the Treatment of
      Tuberculosis of the Angular Lymphatic Glands.

PMID- 19971175
TI  - Some Observations on the Urine and Blood in Diabetes.

PMID- 19971174
TI  - A New Pathogenic Chromogenic Bacillus.

PMID- 19971176
TI  - The General Infections and Complications of Diphtheria and Scarlet Fever: A
      Bacteriological Study of One Hundred and Fifty-seven Cases.

PMID- 19971177
TI  - Practical Use of the Gastrodiaphane.

PMID- 19971178
TI  - A Case of Madura Foot.

PMID- 19971179
TI  - On the Nature of Certain Food Stuffs recommended in the Treatment of Diabetes.

PMID- 19971180
TI  - One of the Conditions under which Discontinuous Sterilization may be Inefficient.

PMID- 19971181
TI  - Double Dissecting Aneurism of the Aorta.

PMID- 19971183
TI  - On Some of the Misunderstandings with Regard to the Statements of Helmholtz as to
      the Position of the Eyeball in Oblique Directions of Vision.

PMID- 19971182
TI  - The Bacillus Capsulatus (Bacillus Pneumoniae of Friedlander?), with Special
      Reference to its Connection with Acute Lobar Pneumonia.

PMID- 19971184
TI  - A Histological Study of Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19971185
TI  - Pronation of the Foot, considered from an Anatomical Standpoint.

PMID- 19971186
TI  - The Effect of Freezing upon the Anti-diphtheritic Serum.

PMID- 19971187
TI  - Experimental Colles' Fracture.

PMID- 19971188
TI  - A Case of Pneumonia due to the Bacillus Mucosus Capsulatus. (B. of Friedlander.).

PMID- 19971190
TI  - Acute Interstitial Nephritis.

PMID- 19971189
TI  - On the Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision.

PMID- 19971191
TI  - Urticaria of the Tongue.

PMID- 19971192
TI  - Observations upon the Elastic Tissue of Certain Human Arteries.

PMID- 19971193
TI  - On Methods of isolating the Mammalian Heart.

PMID- 19971194
TI  - The Histology of Hyperkeratosis Lingualis.

PMID- 19971195
TI  - The Tuberculin Test in Man.

PMID- 19971196
TI  - Experimental Ataxia.

PMID- 19971197
TI  - Sphygmograph Curves from 15,700 and 19,200 Feet above Sea Level.

PMID- 19971198
TI  - Apparatus for Illustrating the Movements of the Eye.

PMID- 19971199
TI  - Histology and Pathology of the Middle Turbinated Bone.

PMID- 19971200
TI  - Some of the More Recent Methods devised for the Differentiation of the Typhoid
      from the Colon Bacillus.

PMID- 19971201
TI  - The Action of the Typhoid Bacilli on Milk and its Probable Relation to a Second
      Carbohydrate in that Fluid.

PMID- 19971202
TI  - A Water Motor for actuating Kymograph Drum.

PMID- 19971203
TI  - THE LESIONS IN THE CORD FROM A CASE OF FRIEDREICH'S OR HEREDITARY ATAXIA.

PMID- 19971204
TI  - INFARCTION IN THE HEART.

PMID- 19971205
TI  - COORDINATION OF HEART MUSCLE WITHOUT NERVE CELLS.

PMID- 19971206
TI  - LEUCOCYTOSIS IN TYMPANIC SUPPURATIONS.

PMID- 19971207
TI  - AN OBSERVATION ON FOETAL TYPHOID.

PMID- 19971208
TI  - OBSERVATIONS UPON THE ELASTIC TISSUE OF CERTAIN HUMAN ARTERIES.

PMID- 19971209
TI  - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF VISIONS.

PMID- 19971210
TI  - A SIMPLE COLLECTOR AND SEPARATOR FOR SEDIMENTS.

PMID- 19971211
TI  - EXPERIMENTS UPON THE GERMICIDAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD SERUM.

PMID- 19971212
TI  - THE ACTION OF THYROID EXTRACTS ON THE ISOLATED MAMMALIAN HEART APEX.

PMID- 19971214
TI  - A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY OF ACUTE TONSILLITIS.

PMID- 19971213
TI  - IMMEDIATE EFFECTS UPON THE SPINAL CORD OF FRACTURES OR DISLOCATIONS OF THE
      VERTEBRAE.

PMID- 19971215
TI  - SUBSTITUTES FOR TUBERCULIN AS A MEANS OF DIAGNOSIS.

PMID- 19971216
TI  - THE MINOT-BLAKE MICROTOME.

PMID- 19971217
TI  - ON THE ROLE OF BACTERIA IN THE FORMATION OF GALL-STONES.

PMID- 19971218
TI  - RABIES IN THE VICINITY OF BOSTON.

PMID- 19971219
TI  - BRANCHING FORMS OF BACILLUS DIPHTHERIAE.

PMID- 19971220
TI  - THE PRIMARY INFECTION IN ACUTE SUPPURATIONS OF THE TYMPANUM.

PMID- 19971221
TI  - THE BACTERIOLOGY OF MASTOIDITIS.

PMID- 19971222
TI  - Observations on the Effects produced by the 6-mm. Rifle and Projectile. An
      Experimental Study.

PMID- 19971223
TI  - A New Form of Fermentation Tube.

PMID- 19971224
TI  - The Character of the Cellular Exudation in Acute Keratitis of the Rabbit.

PMID- 19971226
TI  - SCARLET FEVER, ITS BACTERIOLOGY, GROSS AND MINUTE ANATOMY.

PMID- 19971225
TI  - OBSERVATIONS UPON THE ELASTIC TISSUE OF CERTAIN HUMAN ARTERIES.

PMID- 19971227
TI  - A CASE OF BONE FORMATION IN THE HUMAN BRAIN, DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF COCCIDIA
      OVIFORMIA.

PMID- 19971228
TI  - SECONDARY INFECTION OF THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES BY THE BACILLUS
      TYPHOSUS.

PMID- 19971229
TI  - WEIGHT OF THE "NORMAL" HEART IN ADULTS.

PMID- 19971231
TI  - BLOOD CULTURES IN SEPTICEMIA, PNEUMONIA, MENINGITIS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE.

PMID- 19971230
TI  - A STUDY OF THE ENCAPSULATED BACILLI.

PMID- 19971232
TI  - MOVEMENT OF THE FRONT OF THE FOOT IN WALKING.

PMID- 19971233
TI  - SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA AND BLOOD PRESSURE.

PMID- 19971234
TI  - REPORT OF SOME STUDIES UPON THE ARCH OF THE FOOT IN INFANCY.

PMID- 19971236
TI  - Test Types for Examining the Vision of Railway Employees.

PMID- 19971235
TI  - The Bacteriology of the Accessory Sinuses of the Nose in Diphtheria and Scarlet
      Fever.

PMID- 19971237
TI  - Proprietary Domestic Disinfectants.

PMID- 19971238
TI  - Weak Feet.

PMID- 19971239
TI  - Miliary Aneurism of the Brain.

PMID- 19971240
TI  - Some Physiological Effects of Reduced Pressure on Fish.

PMID- 19971241
TI  - Disproof of Paraxanthin Poisoning Theory (Rachford).

PMID- 19971243
TI  - INFLUENCE OF BILE ON METABOLISM.

PMID- 19971242
TI  - A NON-VIBRATORY BENCH FOR PHOTO-MICROGRAPHY.

PMID- 19971244
TI  - EFFECT OF THE LIGHT THROUGH THE EYELIDS ON AFTER-IMAGES IN RESPECT TO DURATION
      AND COLOR.

PMID- 19971245
TI  - OBSERVATIONS ON THE STERILIZATION OF CATGUT.

PMID- 19971246
TI  - THE INFLUENZA BACILLUS AND PNEUMONIA.

PMID- 19971247
TI  - A STUDY OF THE JERKING OR TRIGGER KNEE.

PMID- 19971248
TI  - "Color Screens" as applied to Photomicrography.

PMID- 19971249
TI  - Examples of the Application of "Color Screens" to Photomicrography.

PMID- 19971250
TI  - A New Spore-producing Bacillus.

PMID- 19971251
TI  - The Relation of the Depressor Nerve to the Vasomotor Centre.

PMID- 19971252
TI  - The Relation of Dextrose to the Toxin Production of the Diphtheria Bacillus:
      Preliminary Note.

PMID- 19971253
TI  - Physiological Action of Extracts of the Sympathetic Ganglia.

PMID- 19971254
TI  - Origin of Fibrinogen.

PMID- 19971255
TI  - A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF STREPTOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM THROAT CULTURES FROM PATIENTS
      ILL WITH SCARLET FEVER.

PMID- 19971256
TI  - PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE ON THE
      CIRCULATION OF BLOOD IN THE SKIN.

PMID- 19971257
TI  - BACTERIA AND DENTAL CARIES. (PRELIMINARY REPORT.).

PMID- 19971258
TI  - SOME DEVICES FOR THE CULTIVATION OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA IN FLUID MEDIA WITHOUT THE
      USE OF INERT GASES.

PMID- 19971259
TI  - PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE DIPLOCOCCUS OF SCARLET FEVER (CLASS).

PMID- 19971260
TI  - RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE WARREN MUSEUM OF THE HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL.

PMID- 19971261
TI  - PHOTOGRAPHS OF MALARIAL PARASITES.

PMID- 19971262
TI  - A CURIOUS RELATION BETWEEN THE POSITIONS, AS GIVEN BY DR. WEILAND, OF TWO LINEAR
      AFTER-IMAGES, STUDIED IN CONNECTION WITH THE LAW OF LISTING, AND THE
      CORRESPONDING ANGLES OF TWO PAIRS OF GREAT-CIRCLE PLANES, AS GIVEN BY HELMHOLTZ.

PMID- 19971263
TI  - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SO-CALLED POLYCHROMA-TOPHILOUS DEGENERATION OF RED
      BLOOD CORPUSCLES.

PMID- 19971264
TI  - A MODIFIED PERIMETER.

PMID- 19971265
TI  - TEMPERATURE AND RHYTHM.

PMID- 19971266
TI  - CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUES.

PMID- 19971268
TI  - REMARKABLE SKULLS.

PMID- 19971267
TI  - MALFORMATIONS OF THE KIDNEYS.

PMID- 19971269
TI  - EXPERIMENTS ON SAPROLEGNIA FERAX, AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE TROUT HATCHERY.

PMID- 19971270
TI  - STUDIES UPON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN VARIETIES OF THE DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS.

PMID- 19971271
TI  - A STREPTOTHRIX FORM ISOLATED FROM WATER, RESEMBLING DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS.

PMID- 19971272
TI  - BRANCHING DIPHTHERIA BACILLI.

PMID- 19971273
TI  - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CERTAIN GAS-PRODUCING BACTERIA OF NON-COLON TYPE IN SANITARY
      ANALYSES.

PMID- 19971274
TI  - NOTES ON BACTERIAL WATER ANALYSIS.

PMID- 19971275
TI  - SOME POINTS OF THE DIFFERENTIATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF WATER BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971276
TI  - ON THE QUESTION OF STANDARD METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBERS OF
      BACTERIA IN WATERS.

PMID- 19971277
TI  - THE OBSERVATION OF ODOR AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF WATER ANALYSIS.

PMID- 19971279
TI  - THE MAKING OF AGAR-AGAR.

PMID- 19971278
TI  - THE IDOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF CARBON MONOXIDE.

PMID- 19971281
TI  - THE OPTIMUM REACTION FOR BACTERIAL GROWTH IN LIQUID MEDIA.

PMID- 19971280
TI  - MODIFICATIONS OF THE POSTAL REGULATIONS RECOMMENDED BY THE COLORADO STATE BOARD
      OF HEALTH.

PMID- 19971283
TI  - GUMMA OF THE OBLONGATA.

PMID- 19971282
TI  - ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE TYPHOID BACILLUS FROM ROSE SPOTS.

PMID- 19971284
TI  - A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ANAEROBIC CULTIVATION IN FLUID MEDIA.

PMID- 19971286
TI  - THE RELATION BETWEEN PHYSIQUE AND MENTAL WORK.

PMID- 19971285
TI  - VARIATION AMONG PATHOGENIC BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971288
TI  - ON THE RELATION OF THE CEPHALIC INDEX TO HEIGHT, WEIGHT, STRENGTH, AND MENTAL
      ABILITY.

PMID- 19971287
TI  - ON A HITHERTO UNRECOGNIZED FORM OF BLOOD CIRCULATION WITHOUT CAPILLARIES IN THE
      ORGANS OF VERTEBRATES.

PMID- 19971289
TI  - BRANCHING FORMS OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS IN THE SPUTUM.

PMID- 19971291
TI  - ON THE SOLID STAGE OF THE LARGE INTESTINE IN THE CHICK, WITH A NOTE ON THE
      GANGLION COLI.

PMID- 19971290
TI  - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE.

PMID- 19971292
TI  - THE LOBULE OF THE LUNG AND ITS RELATION TO THE LYMPHATICS.

PMID- 19971293
TI  - ABSENCE OF THE INFERIOR CAVA BELOW THE DIAPHRAGM: (PRELIMINARY STATEMENT.).

PMID- 19971294
TI  - THE TEACHING OF BACTERIOLOGY.

PMID- 19971296
TI  - ON THE CHANGES OF OPINION IN ENGLAND IN FAVOR OF BACTERIAL PURIFICATION OF
      SEWAGE.

PMID- 19971295
TI  - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIETIES AMONG PATHOGENIC BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971298
TI  - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE APPEARANCE OF B. COLI COMMUNIS IN FILTERED WATER.

PMID- 19971297
TI  - RECENT WORK ON SEWAGE PURIFICATION INVOLVING BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971299
TI  - ON THE DETECTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS IN WATER.

PMID- 19971300
TI  - A COMPARISON OF B. COLI COMMUNIS FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF ANIMALS.

PMID- 19971301
TI  - DEMONSTRATION OF ACTINOMYCOSIS AND THE CAUSATIVE FUNGUS.

PMID- 19971303
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CULTURES AND STAINED SPECIMENS OF PLAGUE BACILLUS FROM TWO CASES OF
      BUBONIC PLAGUE ADMITTED TO NEW YORK HARBOR, NOVEMBER, 1899.

PMID- 19971302
TI  - THE INVASION OF THE UDDER BY BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971304
TI  - SOME SUGGESTIONS ON THE STUDY OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY.

PMID- 19971306
TI  - THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIAL TESTS IN THE SANITARY SUPERVISION OF MILK SUPPLIES.

PMID- 19971305
TI  - A NEW PATHOGENIC FUNGUS-THE SPOROTHRIX OF SCHENCK.

PMID- 19971307
TI  - NOTES ON THE EFFECT OF BLOOD SERUM FROM TUBERCULOUS ANIMALS AND MEN ON THE
      TUBERCLE BACILLUS WHEN MIXED WITH IT IN THE CULTURE TUBE AND HANGING DROP.

PMID- 19971308
TI  - EXPERIMENTAL AND STATISTICAL STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF COLD UPON THE BACILLUS
      OF TYPHOID FEVER, AND ITS DISTRIBUTION.

PMID- 19971309
TI  - ON THE BACTERIOLOGY OF CANNED FOODS, WITH A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF BACTERIA DETECTED
      IN SOUR CORN.

PMID- 19971310
TI  - THE HISTOLOGY OF ACUTE LOBAR PNEUMONIA.

PMID- 19971311
TI  - ON THE RELATION OF AGE, PHYSIQUE, AND PRELIMINARY TRAINING TO CLASS RANK IN
      PATHOLOGY: (A PRELIMINARY STUDY.).

PMID- 19971313
TI  - A CASE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

PMID- 19971312
TI  - REPORT ON THE EXAMINATION FOR DIPHTHERIA BACILLI OF CULTURES FROM FOUR HUNDRED
      AND SEVENTYFIVE HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS.

PMID- 19971314
TI  - A FEW EXPERIMENTS UPON THE EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES AND FREEZING ON TYPHOID
      BACILLI.

PMID- 19971315
TI  - DIFFUSE DEGENERATION OF THE SPINAL CORD.

PMID- 19971316
TI  - STUDIES IN THE MECHANISM OF AGGLUTINATION.

PMID- 19971317
TI  - THE PATHOLOGY OF AZOTURIA: (PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION.).

PMID- 19971318
TI  - A POSSIBLE CAUSE OF AZOTURIA.

PMID- 19971319
TI  - THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND THE NATURE OF EXTRACTS OF SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA.

PMID- 19971320
TI  - MOVEMENTS OF THE NORMAL SPINE IN THEIR RELATION TO SCOLIOSIS.

PMID- 19971321
TI  - ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE UDDER OF THE COW.

PMID- 19971322
TI  - PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AFFECTING THE ISLANDS OF LANGERHANS OF THE PANCREAS.

PMID- 19971323
TI  - ON THE INFLUENCE OF DEFIBRINATION ON THE SECRETION OF THE KIDNEY.

PMID- 19971324
TI  - A NEW METHOD OF DISTINGUISHING HUMAN FROM OTHER MAMMALIAN BLOOD IN MEDICO-LEGAL
      CASES.

PMID- 19971326
TI  - METHODS OF STAINING FLAGELLA.

PMID- 19971325
TI  - SOME LABORATORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19971327
TI  - ACTION OF DRINKING-WATER ON METALS.

PMID- 19971328
TI  - THE ANTITOXIN UNIT IN DIPHTHERIA.

PMID- 19971330
TI  - ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCED MITOTIC DIVISION IN UNFERTILIZED ARBACIA EGGS.

PMID- 19971329
TI  - THE SERUM REACTION IN FOETAL AND INFANTILE TYPHOID.

PMID- 19971331
TI  - THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE AND FORMALIN: (A PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION.).

PMID- 19971332
TI  - OBSERVATIONS ON THE BLOOD IN TYPHOID FEVER : AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXAMINATIONS OF
      THE BLOOD IN TYPHOID FEVER MADE IN THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL DURING ELEVEN
      YEARS.

PMID- 19971333
TI  - STATISTICS OF CANCER.

PMID- 19971334
TI  - FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF WORK ON THE ETIOLOGY OF CANCER.

PMID- 19971335
TI  - ON THE PRESENCE OF THE SO-CALLED "PLIMMER'S BODIES" IN CARCINOMA.

PMID- 19971336
TI  - TUMORS AND SPOROZOA IN FISHES.

PMID- 19971337
TI  - THE RECONSTRUCTION IN WAX OF A NODULE OF CANCER.

PMID- 19971338
TI  - REPORT OF CULTURE EXPERIMENTS MADE WITH CARCINOMATOUS TISSUE, 1899 AND 1900.

PMID- 19971339
TI  - SOME VARIATIONS IN THE SKELETON OF THE FOOT.

PMID- 19971340
TI  - ERGOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN MUSCULAR FATIGUE AND SORENESS.

PMID- 19971341
TI  - THE TREATMENT OF THE PROTEIDS OF COW'S MILK.

PMID- 19971342
TI  - FIVE CASES OF INJURY OF THE CORD, RESULTING FROM FRACTURE OF THE SPINE.

PMID- 19971343
TI  - DEMONSTRATION OF A PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF THE BACILLUS OF SOFT CHANCRE.

PMID- 19971344
TI  - THE ETIOLOGY OF THE CHANCROID.

PMID- 19971345
TI  - A SIMPLE METHOD OF CULTIVATING ANAEROBIC BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971346
TI  - OCCURRENCE OF THE TYPHOID BACILLUS IN SUPPURATIVE PROCESSES AND IN THE FOETUS.

PMID- 19971347
TI  - MATERIAL.

PMID- 19971348
TI  - MIXED INFECTIONS.

PMID- 19971349
TI  - BACTERIOLOGY.

PMID- 19971350
TI  - PATHOLOGY.

PMID- 19971351
TI  - NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS AND A. QUADRIMACULATUS IN THE
      BOSTON SUBURBS.

PMID- 19971352
TI  - NOTES ON ANOPHELES.

PMID- 19971354
TI  - REPORT OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHANGES FOUND IN THE TISSUES OF ANIMALS INOCULATED WITH
      DIPLOCOCCUS SCARLATINAE (CLASS).

PMID- 19971353
TI  - NOTES ON MOSQUITOS TAKEN AT PROVIDENCE, R.I., IN 1900.

PMID- 19971355
TI  - ACTION OF THE LARYNX IN RELATION TO THE PITCH OF THE VOICE.

PMID- 19971356
TI  - A PORTABLE DRY SPIROMETER.

PMID- 19971357
TI  - A QUICK AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR FIXING THE BLOOD CORPUSCLES FOR DIFFERENTIAL
      STAINING.

PMID- 19971358
TI  - Some Observations on Methods for the Detection of B. Coli Communis in Water.

PMID- 19971359
TI  - Variation of the Properties of the Colon Bacillus, isolated from Man.

PMID- 19971360
TI  - THERMAL DEATH POINT OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS AND ITS RELATION TO THE
      PASTEURIZATION OF MILK.

PMID- 19971361
TI  - A NOTE ON THE DISINFECTANT AND DEODORANT PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM PERSULPHATE.

PMID- 19971362
TI  - AN INQUIRY INTO THE ROLE OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN THE CAUSATION OF TYPHOID
      FEVER.

PMID- 19971364
TI  - DERMATOMYOSITES, WITH REPORT OF A CASE WHICH ALSO PRESENTED A RARE MUSCLE
      ANOMALY, BUT ONCE DESCRIBED IN MAN.

PMID- 19971363
TI  - THE RELATION BETWEEN CONDUCTIVITY AND THE INORGANIC SALTS OF THE NERVE.

PMID- 19971365
TI  - THE EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN ON SMOOTH MUSCLE.

PMID- 19971366
TI  - DISTRIBUTION OF BACILLUS AEROGENES CAPSULATUS. (BACILLUS WELCHI, MIGULA.).

PMID- 19971367
TI  - THE BACTERIAL CONDITION OF CITY MILK AND THE NEED OF HEALTH AUTHORITIES TO
      PREVENT THE SALE OF MILK CONTAINING EXCESSIVE NUMBERS OF BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971368
TI  - A. DURATION OF LIFE OF TYPHOID BACILLI, DERIVED FROM TWENTY DIFFERENT SOURCES, IN
      ICE.-B. EFFECT OF INTENSE COLD ON BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971369
TI  - THE USE OF PARAFFIN TO EXCLUDE OXYGEN IN GROWING ANAEROBIC BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971370
TI  - THE EFFECT OF SALT SOLUTION AND OTHER FLUIDS ON BACTERIA COMPARED WITH SERUM
      REACTION.

PMID- 19971371
TI  - GROWTH OF BACTERIA IN THE PRESENCE OF CHLOROFORM AND THYMOL.

PMID- 19971372
TI  - A PRELIMINARY REPORT UPON A HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED PATHOGENIC ANAEROBIC BACILLUS.

PMID- 19971373
TI  - INFECTION BY MEANS OF MODELLING-CLAY.

PMID- 19971374
TI  - CONCERNING THE THEORIES OF SILAGE FORMATION.

PMID- 19971376
TI  - DEMONSTRATION OF SOME NEW LABORATORY DEVICES.

PMID- 19971375
TI  - A LOW TEMPERATURE INCUBATOR.

PMID- 19971377
TI  - A NEW METHOD OF APPLYING THE RABIES TEST.

PMID- 19971378
TI  - THE USE OF CARBOLIC ACID IN ISOLATING THE BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM RIVER
      WATER.

PMID- 19971379
TI  - THE UTILITY OF A SUPPLY OF LIVE STEAM IN THE LABORATORY.

PMID- 19971380
TI  - A FEW EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON HYPODERMIC INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19971381
TI  - BACTERIA IN THE AMES SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANT.

PMID- 19971382
TI  - VARIATIONS OF BACILLUS ROSACEUS METALLOIDES (DOWDESWELL).

PMID- 19971384
TI  - DEMONSTRATION OF PHOTOGENIC BACTERIA.

PMID- 19971383
TI  - SOME VARIETIES OF BACILLUS PYOCYANEUS FOUND IN THE THROAT.

PMID- 19971385
TI  - BACILLUS LACTIS VISCOSUS; A CAUSE OF ROPINESS IN MILK AND CREAM.

PMID- 19971386
TI  - CONCERNING THE PRESENCE OF STREPTOCOCCI IN THE HEALTHY UDDER OF A COW.

PMID- 19971387
TI  - IMMUNIZATION OF ANIMALS TO RATTLE-SNAKE VENOM, AND SOME STUDIES OF ANTIVENINE.

PMID- 19971388
TI  - HOW CAN BACTERIA BE SATISFACTORILY PRESERVED FOR MUSEUM SPECIMENS?

PMID- 19971389
TI  - AN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RAPIDLY STAINING LARGE NUMBERS OF SPUTUM SPECIMENS.

PMID- 19971391
TI  - ON THE SUPPOSED ACTIVITY OF CORN SMUT.

PMID- 19971390
TI  - A Fundamental Mechanism for a New System of Motor Vehicles, Testing Apparatus,
      and Developing Appliances.

PMID- 19971392
TI  - A CONTRIBUTION TO THE NORMAL HISTOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF THE HEMOLYMPH GLANDS :
      PRELIMINARY REPORT.

PMID- 19971394
TI  - TYPHOID CHOLECYSTITIS, WITH OBSERVATIONS UPON GALL-STONE FORMATION.

PMID- 19971393
TI  - THE RELATION BETWEEN PHYSIQUE AND MENTAL WORK: (SECOND PAPER.).

PMID- 19971396
TI  - CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF COLOR IN PHOTOMICROGRAPHY.

PMID- 19971395
TI  - A NEW MOULD-FUNGUS AS THE CAUSE OF THREE CASES OF SO-CALLED BLASTOMYCOSIS OR
      OIDIOMYCOSIS OF THE SKIN: A PRELIMINARY REPORT.

PMID- 19971397
TI  - A CASE OF NOMA OF THE AURICLES DUE TO THE STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES, AND ITS BEARING
      ON THE ETIOLOGY OF NOMA IN GENERAL.

PMID- 19971398
TI  - CLASSIFICATION OF CANCER UPON AN EMBRYOLOGICAL BASIS.

PMID- 19971399
TI  - THE VALUE TO PHYSIOLOGY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS IN THE FORM OF
      STATISTICS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO EDUCATION.

PMID- 19971400
TI  - ABERRANT PANCREAS IN THE REGION OF THE UMBILICUS.

PMID- 19971401
TI  - PSEUDO-PNEUMOCOCCI IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA.

PMID- 19971402
TI  - A PSEUDO-TETANUS BACILLUS.

PMID- 19971403
TI  - SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN GROWTH OF BOYS BETWEEN THE AGES OF SEVEN AND FOURTEEN
      YEARS.

PMID- 19971404
TI  - STUDIES UPON BACTERIOLYSIS AND TYPHOID IMMUNITY.

PMID- 19971405
TI  - RETROGRADE METAMORPHOSIS IN THE FAUCIAL TONSILS.

PMID- 19971406
TI  - PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY, WITHOUT INVOLVEMENT OF THE PYRAMIDAL TRACTS.

PMID- 19971407
TI  - The Origin of Gas and Gas Cysts of the Central Nervous System.

PMID- 19971408
TI  - The Action of Proteolytic Enzymes on bacterial toxines.

PMID- 19971409
TI  - Bio-Chemical Studies on the Bacillus Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971410
TI  - Cell Proliferation under Pathological Conditions with Special reference to the
      Etiology of tumors : (An Experimental Study.).

PMID- 19971412
TI  - Streptococcus mucosus (Nov. Spec.?) pathogenic for Man and Animals.

PMID- 19971411
TI  - A Study of the Variation in Virulence of the Bacillus Tuberculosis in Man:
      (Abstract Presentation.).

PMID- 19971413
TI  - Remarks on Primary endothelioma of Lung and Pleura, with Demonstrations.

PMID- 19971414
TI  - Studies upon Bacteriolysis and Typhoid Immunity.

PMID- 19971415
TI  - Opening Remarks.

PMID- 19971416
TI  - Morphological varieties of Bacillus Diphtheriae.

PMID- 19971417
TI  - Classification of Intestinal Bacteria: (Preliminary Note.).

PMID- 19971418
TI  - Cholesteatomata of the Brain.

PMID- 19971419
TI  - Malta Fever - A Report of Four Cases of Malta Fever in the United States Army and
      Navy General Hospital, Hot Springs, Ark., among Soldiers and Sailors returned
      from tropical Stations, with Remarks on the Serum Reaction in Malta Fever.

PMID- 19971420
TI  - On some undescribed Lesions in lymphosarcomatosis (Hodgkin's Disease).

PMID- 19971421
TI  - The Increase of Elastic Tissue in the Lung in chronic Passive Congestion.

PMID- 19971422
TI  - Necroses of the Liver.

PMID- 19971423
TI  - On Transplantation of tumors.

PMID- 19971425
TI  - The use of Solid and Liquid Paraffins on the Surface of Culture Media to insure
      anaerobic Conditions.

PMID- 19971424
TI  - Report of Nine Cases of Infection with Bacillus pyocyaneus.

PMID- 19971426
TI  - A Contribution to the Normal Histology and Pathology of the hemolymph Glands :
      Preliminary Report.

PMID- 19971428
TI  - A Preliminary Report upon the Examination by Nissl's Method of Four Gasserian
      Ganglia removed for Tic Douloureux.

PMID- 19971427
TI  - On Progressive changes in the Ova in Mammalian Ovaries.

PMID- 19971429
TI  - Some observations on the Biology of the Bacillus of the Pest.

PMID- 19971430
TI  - New formation of Nerve-Cells in a cerebral tumor-neuroglioma.

PMID- 19971431
TI  - The Frequency of Trichinosis in the United States.

PMID- 19971433
TI  - Suppurative pylephlebitis associated with anaerobic Micro-Organisms.

PMID- 19971432
TI  - On certain Features of the Growth of Bacteria on Media containing Sugars and
      Serum:-with Remarks upon the Acid Production.

PMID- 19971434
TI  - Metabolism in Diabetic Coma, with especial reference to Acid Intoxication.

PMID- 19971435
TI  - The Diagnosis of Glanders by the Strauss Method.

PMID- 19971436
TI  - Flagella Staining with Night Blue.

PMID- 19971437
TI  - Four Cases of acute Hemorrhagic meningo-myelitis in Cocker Spaniels, with some
      Remarks on the Etiology of Myelitis.

PMID- 19971438
TI  - Composition of zygadenus frumentii and zygadenus venenosus.

PMID- 19971439
TI  - Degeneration of the Islands of Langerhans of the Pancreas in Diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 19971440
TI  - Nature of the Fats and allied Bodies in chylous Urine.

PMID- 19971442
TI  - Summary of so-called blastomycetic Infections in Man.

PMID- 19971441
TI  - History and Pathogenic properties of Oidia.

PMID- 19971443
TI  - Clinical, mycological, and histological Study of Twelve Cases of Oidiomycosis of
      the skin.

PMID- 19971444
TI  - Critical Analysis of blastomycetic Infection of the skin.

PMID- 19971445
TI  - Notes on the Occurrence and Habitat of Anopheles punctipennis and Anopheles
      maculipennis in the Valley of the Androscoggin.

PMID- 19971447
TI  - Branching in Bacteria with Special reference to B. Diphtheriae.

PMID- 19971446
TI  - The intercuneiform Bone of the Foot: A new Bone.

PMID- 19971448
TI  - Observations upon the morphologic Variations of certain pathogenic Bacteria.

PMID- 19971449
TI  - A Rapid Method for the Differential Staining of Blood Films and Malarial
      Parasites.

PMID- 19971450
TI  - On the Blood Lymph Cells and inflammatory Processes of Limulus.

PMID- 19971452
TI  - Coffee and Tea as Precipitants for Poisons.

PMID- 19971451
TI  - Iodophilia: A Preliminary Report.

PMID- 19971453
TI  - Dermoid Cysts and teratomata of the Anterior Mediastinum.

PMID- 19971454
TI  - The Movements of the Intestines studied by Means of the Rontgen Rays.

PMID- 19971455
TI  - Leucocytosis after violent Exercise.

PMID- 19971456
TI  - Tubular perivascular Sarcoma. Its Origin, Structure, and Metastasis.

PMID- 19971458
TI  - Cholesterin Giant-Cells.

PMID- 19971457
TI  - Notes on the Absorption and Incrustation of Elastic Fibers in Giant Cells.

PMID- 19971459
TI  - On the Leucocytes of the circulating Blood of the Rabbit.

PMID- 19971460
TI  - On physiological leucocytoses of the Rabbit.

PMID- 19971461
TI  - "Hanging Block" Preparations for the Microscopic observation of developing
      Bacteria.

PMID- 19971462
TI  - A new Sporozoan Parasite of Anopheles.

PMID- 19971463
TI  - Streptococcus mucosus (Howard) and its Relation to Micrococcus lanceolatus.

PMID- 19971464
TI  - A Case of Thrombosis of the Central Vein of the Right Adrenal, with Engorgement
      and Necrosis (Infarction).

PMID- 19971465
TI  - Coccidium Infection of the Rabbit's Liver.

PMID- 19971466
TI  - Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19971467
TI  - Culture Experiments with Malignant Tumors, 1900-1901.

PMID- 19971469
TI  - The Relation of Blastomycetes to Cancer.

PMID- 19971468
TI  - Four Pathogenic Torulae. (Blastomycetes.).

PMID- 19971470
TI  - Cell Inclusions in Cancer and in non-cancerous Tissue.

PMID- 19971471
TI  - The Analogies between Plimmer's Bodies and certain Structures found normally in
      the Cytoplasm.

PMID- 19971472
TI  - The Endothelial Phagocytes gof the Tonsillar Ring.

PMID- 19971473
TI  - On the Active Principle of Jamaica Dogwood.

PMID- 19971474
TI  - The lymphomatous tumors of the Dog's Spleen.

PMID- 19971475
TI  - Upon an extensive Outbreak of Food Intoxication and Infection of unique Origin .

PMID- 19971476
TI  - The Histologic and Histogenetic Features of a Malignant Medullary Hypernephroma
      of the Kidney.

PMID- 19971477
TI  - A Preliminary Note upon certain mechanical microtechnical Factors concerned in
      producing Segmentation and Fragmentation of the Myocardium.

PMID- 19971478
TI  - The changes produced in the Hemolymph Glands of the Sheep and Goat by
      Splenectomy, Hemolytic Poisons, and Hemorrhage.

PMID- 19971480
TI  - Tetanus and Vaccination - an analytical study of ninety-five Cases of this rare
      Complication.

PMID- 19971479
TI  - The Blood Vessels of the submaxillary Gland and their development: (Preliminary
      Note.).

PMID- 19971481
TI  - Arboreal Traits in the Human Foot.

PMID- 19971482
TI  - Three Gliomata of ependymal Origin; Two in the Fourth Ventricle, One subcutaneous
      over the Coccyx.

PMID- 19971483
TI  - On the Growth of Epithelium in Agar and Blood-Serum in the Living Body.

PMID- 19971484
TI  - The Pathology of a Case of poliencephalomyelitis.

PMID- 19971485
TI  - The Influence of the Spleen on Natural or acquired hemolytic Properties of Blood
      Serum.

PMID- 19971486
TI  - Spindle-Shaped Dilatations and Tortuosity of the Ureters in the Fetus.

PMID- 19971488
TI  - New and Simple Media for the Differentiation of the Colonies of Typhoid, Colon,
      and allied Bacilli.

PMID- 19971487
TI  - On the Occurrence of Carcinoma and Tuberculosis in the same Organ or Tissue.

PMID- 19971489
TI  - On the bacteriologic Study of a Case of paracolon Infection probably secondary to
      Typhoid Fever, with Remarks on Serum Reactions in paracolon Infections and on the
      Thread Reaction : Notes on the History of the Subject.

PMID- 19971491
TI  - Chemical Nature of the Bile after cholecystotomy.

PMID- 19971490
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Bacilli Intermediate between B. Coli Communis and B.
      Typhosus.

PMID- 19971492
TI  - Acid-Proof Bacilli in Five Cases of pulmonary Gangrene.

PMID- 19971494
TI  - The Mode of Action of various laking Agents on the Blood Corpuscles.

PMID- 19971493
TI  - Trichinosis.

PMID- 19971495
TI  - A Tumor-Like Lesion in the Lung of a Horse caused by a Blastomyces (Torula).

PMID- 19971496
TI  - Further Investigations in Transplantation of tumors.

PMID- 19971497
TI  - On tumor Transplantation and Inoculation : (Preliminary Report.).

PMID- 19971498
TI  - Persistence of varieties of the Bacillus Diphtheriae and of Diphtheria-Like
      Bacilli.

PMID- 19971499
TI  - Preliminary Note on some Effects of Tobacco on the Tissues of Rabbits.

PMID- 19971500
TI  - On Thrombi Composed of agglutinated Red Blood Corpuscles. Preliminary
      Communication.

PMID- 19971501
TI  - Experiments on the Permeability of the berkefeld Filter and the Pasteur
      Chamberland bougie to Bacteria of Small Size.

PMID- 19971502
TI  - Researches on the Action of Tuberculin on Rabbit's Blood.

PMID- 19971503
TI  - A Study of Chronic Infection and Subinfection by the Colon Bacillus. I. On the
      Anemia produced by repeated Injections of Cultures of a Colon Bacillus of Low
      Virulence.

PMID- 19971505
TI  - Simple Adenoma of the Pancreas arising from an Island of langerhans.

PMID- 19971504
TI  - On the Hemolytic Potency of certain Sapotoxins dissolved in Blood-Serum.

PMID- 19971506
TI  - A Study of Eel Serum, and the Production of an Antitoxin in a cold-blooded
      Animal.-A Contribution to the Study of Immunity.

PMID- 19971508
TI  - On Branching Forms of certain Bacteria.

PMID- 19971507
TI  - Dog's Blood.-Differential Counts of Leucocytes.

PMID- 19971509
TI  - A Chemical Study of the Liver from a Case of acute Yellow Atrophy of the Liver.

PMID- 19971510
TI  - Multiple anemic Infarcts of the Liver.

PMID- 19971511
TI  - On the Erythrogenic Spleen of Mephitis Mephitica.

PMID- 19971513
TI  - On the use of Clay Models to Record Variations found in the dissecting Room, with
      a Note of two Cases of M. Sternalis and its Influence on the Growth of M.
      Pectoralis Major.

PMID- 19971512
TI  - On Amphophile Leucocytogenesis in the Rabbit.

PMID- 19971514
TI  - A Study of the Distribution of the Colon Bacillus of Escherich and of the Sewage
      Streptococci of Houston in polluted and unpolluted Waters.

PMID- 19971515
TI  - Products of prolonged bacterial Action on Proteins.

PMID- 19971517
TI  - Experiments relating to the Question of Fixation of Strychnine in Animal Tissues.

PMID- 19971516
TI  - Ring Bodies (nuclear Remnants?) in Anemic Blood.

PMID- 19971518
TI  - Note upon Erythragglutinins in a Cyst Fluid.

PMID- 19971520
TI  - On Fatty Degeneration.

PMID- 19971519
TI  - The Influence of Nephrectomy upon Absorption - an Experimental Study from the
      Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

PMID- 19971522
TI  - Observations on the Morphology of B. Diphtheriae, B. Pseudo-Diphtheriae, and B.
      Xerosis.

PMID- 19971521
TI  - Experimental Fat Necrosis.

PMID- 19971523
TI  - A new Technique in Metabolism Experiments.

PMID- 19971525
TI  - A Study of the Necroses occurring in the Livers of Experimental Animals after
      Inoculation with Hog-Cholera Bacilli.

PMID- 19971524
TI  - An Encapsulated Diplococcus in Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19971526
TI  - On the Multiplicity of the Serum Hemagglutinins of cold-blooded Animals.

PMID- 19971528
TI  - The Period of development, the time of greatest Accumulation, and the Persistance
      of Diphtheria Antitoxin in the Blood of a Series of One Hundred Horses.

PMID- 19971527
TI  - On the Heat lability of the Complements of cold-blooded Animals.

PMID- 19971529
TI  - The Presence of the Shiga Variety of Dysentery Bacilli in an extensive Epidemic
      of Dysentery with Notes upon the Serum Reactions obtained.

PMID- 19971530
TI  - The Toxicity of Tetra-Phosphorus tri-sulfid : A Preliminary Report.

PMID- 19971531
TI  - A Case of Multiple Fibroma (fibro-neuroma) of the Nerves of the Lower
      Extremities, with diffuse Enlargement of the Sciatics-Complicating Sarcoma and
      Metastases in the Lungs.

PMID- 19971532
TI  - A Case of Septicemic Glanders in the Human Subject.

PMID- 19971533
TI  - The formation of Hemolymph Glands from Adipose Tissue in Man.

PMID- 19971534
TI  - The Vitality of Bacteria from the Throats of Scarlet Fever Patients, with Special
      Study of Streptococci.

PMID- 19971535
TI  - Upon the Plurality of Cytolysins in Normal Blood Sera.

PMID- 19971537
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Central Nervous System, with the Report of a Case, Due to an
      unidentified Member of the Actinomyces Group.

PMID- 19971536
TI  - The Agglutination Affinities of related Bacteria Parasitic in different Hosts.

PMID- 19971538
TI  - An Example of a proposed Arrangement of Specimens of a Single Structure for
      Museums.

PMID- 19971539
TI  - The Adrenal Gland and its Active Principle in their Relations to Cytolysins and
      Antitoxin Production.

PMID- 19971540
TI  - Enzymes in Tumors.

PMID- 19971541
TI  - A Preliminary Communication on the Etiology of Smallpox.

PMID- 19971543
TI  - Observations on the Distribution and Culture of the Chancroid Bacillus.

PMID- 19971542
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease.-A Pathological Analysis of Nine Cases.

PMID- 19971544
TI  - Chronic Cystic Mastitis.-A Study of Thirty Cases.

PMID- 19971546
TI  - Transplantation of Arteries.

PMID- 19971545
TI  - Bacteriology of the Fibrinous Exudate in Septic Peritonitis.

PMID- 19971548
TI  - On the Increase of bacteriolytic Complements in the Rabbit's Blood.

PMID- 19971547
TI  - The Effect of X-rays on Living Tissue.

PMID- 19971549
TI  - The Relation of Specific Gravity and Osmotic Pressure to Hemolysis.

PMID- 19971550
TI  - Mucin as a Bacterial Product.

PMID- 19971551
TI  - The Fats of Pneumonic Exudations.

PMID- 19971552
TI  - The Dysentery Bacillus in a Series of Cases of Infantile Diarrhea.

PMID- 19971553
TI  - Observations on the Coagulation time of the Blood and the Blood Plates.

PMID- 19971554
TI  - The Physical Chemistry of Milk : (Preliminary Notice.).

PMID- 19971555
TI  - Mercurial Diuresis.

PMID- 19971557
TI  - The pathological changes in the nerye System in a Case of Lead Poisoning.

PMID- 19971556
TI  - On a Difference in the Influence upon Inflammation between the Section of the
      Sympathetic Nerve and the Removal of the sympathetic Ganglion.

PMID- 19971558
TI  - On An Abnormal Thoracic Duct.

PMID- 19971559
TI  - The Reaction of certain Water Bacteria with Dysentery Immune-Serum.

PMID- 19971560
TI  - The Connection between the Alkalinity of certain Bacterial Filtrates and their
      Hemolytic Power.

PMID- 19971562
TI  - An Experimental Study of the Bacteriolytic Complement Content of the Blood Serum
      in Normal, Vaccinated, and Variolated Rabbits.

PMID- 19971561
TI  - A Study of the Proteolytic Enzymes and of the so-called Hemolysins of some of the
      Common Saprophytic Bacteria.

PMID- 19971563
TI  - The Bacteriolytic Complement Content of the Blood Serum in Variola.

PMID- 19971565
TI  - A Study of the Agglutinating, Hemolytic, and Endotheliolytic Action of the Blood
      Serum in Variola.

PMID- 19971564
TI  - The Non-Identity of Agglutinins Acting upon the Flagella and upon the Body of
      Bacteria.

PMID- 19971566
TI  - Studies on the Etiology and Pathology of Variola.

PMID- 19971568
TI  - Bactericidal Action of the Blood Serum in Variola and in Varioloid.

PMID- 19971567
TI  - Streptococcus Pyogenes in Variola.

PMID- 19971569
TI  - On the Chemistry of the Chromatin Substance of the Nerve Cell.

PMID- 19971570
TI  - On the Autolysis of Brain Tissue.

PMID- 19971571
TI  - The Agglutination of the Pneumococcus with certain Normal and Immune Sera.

PMID- 19971572
TI  - A Pathology for Forage Poisoning, or the so-called Epizootic Cerebro-Spinal
      Meningitis of Horses : (A Preliminary Report.).

PMID- 19971573
TI  - Cat's Blood-Differential Counts of the Leucocytes.

PMID- 19971574
TI  - The Reactions of the Blood in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus : First
      Contribution.

PMID- 19971575
TI  - The Pathology of Chronic Fluorine Poisoning.

PMID- 19971576
TI  - Observations on the Morphology of Bacillus Tuberculosis from Human and Bovine
      Sources.

PMID- 19971577
TI  - A Hitherto undescribed Fibrillar Substance produced by Connective-Tissue Cells.

PMID- 19971578
TI  - On the Appearance and Significance of certain Granules in the Erythrocytes of
      Man.

PMID- 19971579
TI  - A Study of Volume Index. Observations upon the volume of Erythrocytes in various
      Disease Conditions.

PMID- 19971580
TI  - Bacterium Pyogenes Sanguinarium.

PMID- 19971581
TI  - The Influence of certain Bacteria on the Coagulation of the Blood.

PMID- 19971583
TI  - Methods of Treatment of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip.

PMID- 19971582
TI  - Observations, Especially with the Roentgen Rays, on the Artificially deformed
      Foot of the Chinese Lady of Rank, in Relation to the Functional Pathogenesis of
      Deformity.

PMID- 19971584
TI  - Resistance of the Muscles in Reducing a Congenitally dislocated Hip.

PMID- 19971585
TI  - Mechanism for Reducing Congenitally dislocated Hips.

PMID- 19971586
TI  - On the Output of Ammonia in the Course of different Forms of Insanity.

PMID- 19971587
TI  - The Passage of Tubercle Bacilli through the Normal Intestinal Wall (A Preliminary
      Report.).

PMID- 19971588
TI  - The Occurrence of the Colon Bacillus on the Hands.

PMID- 19971589
TI  - Protozoa in a Case of Tropical Ulcer ("Delhi Sore").

PMID- 19971590
TI  - Scarlet Fever. Protozoon-Like Bodies found in Four Cases.

PMID- 19971591
TI  - A Study of Actinomyces cultivated from Commercial Vaccine Virus.

PMID- 19971592
TI  - The Shape of Mammalian Red Blood Corpuscles.

PMID- 19971594
TI  - The Life-History of Cytoryctes Variolae, Guarnieri.

PMID- 19971593
TI  - The Pathological Anatomy and Histology of Variola.

PMID- 19971595
TI  - On the Occurrence of Cytoryctes Variolae, Guarnieri), in the skin of the Monkey
      inoculated with Variola Virus.

PMID- 19971596
TI  - The Etiology and Pathology of Vaccinia.

PMID- 19971597
TI  - On Experimental Variola in the Monkey.

PMID- 19971598
TI  - The Leucocyte Reaction in Variola.

PMID- 19971599
TI  - The Infectiousness of the Blood in Variola.

PMID- 19971600
TI  - On the Infectiousness of the late stage of the Skin Lesion in Variola.

PMID- 19971601
TI  - The Central Nervous System in Variola.

PMID- 19971602
TI  - A Clinical and Experimental Study of the Bacteriolytic Complement of the Blood
      Serum in Variola.

PMID- 19971603
TI  - Clinical observations on Variola.

PMID- 19971604
TI  - Epicrisis.

PMID- 19971606
TI  - On the Occurrence of Lipase in the Urine as a Result of Experimental Pancreatic
      Disease.

PMID- 19971605
TI  - Upon the Production and Properties of Anti-Crotalus venin.

PMID- 19971607
TI  - The Composition of Zygadenus Venenosus and the Pharmacological Action of its
      Active Principle.

PMID- 19971608
TI  - Contributions to the Study of Hemagglutinins and Hemolysins.

PMID- 19971609
TI  - Ragged Edges of the Small Lymphocytes.

PMID- 19971611
TI  - Chronic subcutaneous Abscess in Man containing Acid-Proof Bacilli in pure
      Culture.

PMID- 19971610
TI  - A Method of Studying the Pathology of Bone Lesions by the X-ray.

PMID- 19971612
TI  - The Occurrence of Bacillus Pseudodiphtheriae in Cow's Milk.

PMID- 19971613
TI  - A Motile Culture of Bacillus Dysenteriae.

PMID- 19971614
TI  - A Simple Method of demonstrating the Presence of Bacteria in the Mesentery of
      Normal Animals.

PMID- 19971615
TI  - A Simple Method of Isolating from Water Forms which Agglutinate with Typhoid
      Serum.

PMID- 19971616
TI  - On a Bacillus isolated from Water and Agglutinated by High Dilutions of Typhoid
      Serum.

PMID- 19971617
TI  - A Hitherto Undescribed epizootic among Rabbits and Rats, caused by a Flagellate
      Micrococcus.

PMID- 19971618
TI  - A Study of Chronic Infection and Subinfection by the Colon Bacillus : II. On the
      Degeneration of the Spinal Cord produced by repeated Injections of Cultures of a
      Colon Bacillus of Low Virulence.

PMID- 19971619
TI  - The Morbid Anatomy and Etiology of Avian Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971620
TI  - A Study of the Blood of Normal Guinea-Pigs.

PMID- 19971621
TI  - The Dysentery Bacillus Group and the varieties which should be included in it.

PMID- 19971622
TI  - Concerning the Specificity of the Somatogenic Cytotoxins.

PMID- 19971623
TI  - On Agglutination.

PMID- 19971624
TI  - Zonal Necrosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19971626
TI  - A Study on the Elimination of Strychnine into the Gastro-Intestinal Canal of
      Nephrectomized Rabbits.

PMID- 19971625
TI  - The Diagnosis of Anatomical Anomalies Causing Malposition of the Head and
      Distortion of the Face.

PMID- 19971627
TI  - On the Clotting of Blood of nephrectomized Rabbits.

PMID- 19971628
TI  - Histologic studies of Xanthoma.

PMID- 19971629
TI  - Multiple non-inflammatory Necrosis of the Liver with Jaundice.

PMID- 19971630
TI  - Note on a Stain applicable to Differential Leucocyte Counts in the Counting
      Chamber.

PMID- 19971631
TI  - The Influence of the Quantitative Relationships of Amboceptor and Complement upon
      the Reaction Rate in Serum Laking.

PMID- 19971632
TI  - Studies on the Tuberculin Reaction.

PMID- 19971633
TI  - On the Production of Hemolytic Serum by injecting Animals with different
      Constituents of Erythrocytes.

PMID- 19971634
TI  - On the Biological Relationship between proteids.

PMID- 19971635
TI  - On the Antihemolytic Action of some Cell and Tissue Constituents.

PMID- 19971636
TI  - Studies on Tuberculous Serums and the Bacteriolysis of Bacillus Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971637
TI  - Anti-Tuberculin or Tuberculin-Precipitin Serums.

PMID- 19971638
TI  - Differences in Precipitins produced by Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19971640
TI  - On the Bio-Chemistry of the Bacillus Tuberculosis: Second Communication.

PMID- 19971639
TI  - Effect of Bacillus Mycotdes XIII on Local Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971641
TI  - Appendix - Description of Cultures, etc.

PMID- 19971642
TI  - A Clinical Study of the Hemolytic Action of Human Blood Serum.

PMID- 19971643
TI  - Experiments with Tuberculins made from Human and Bovine Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19971644
TI  - The further Differentiation of Flagellar and Somatic Agglutinins.

PMID- 19971645
TI  - The experimental Production of Liver necroses by the intravenous Injection of
      Hemagglutinins.

PMID- 19971646
TI  - On the Precipitin Reaction of Human and Cow's Lacto and Caseo Serum.

PMID- 19971648
TI  - The Pathological effects of periodic Losses of Blood. An experimental Study.

PMID- 19971647
TI  - A Study of the Etiology of Variola.

PMID- 19971649
TI  - Metachromatism of Mast-Cell Granules and Mucin.

PMID- 19971650
TI  - The Influence of various Fats on the formation and Excretion of Acetone.

PMID- 19971651
TI  - The Physiological Action of azoimid.

PMID- 19971652
TI  - The Differentiation of B. Diphtheriae, B. Xerosis, and B. Pseudo-Diphtheriae, by
      Fermentation Tests in the Serum-Water Media of Hiss.

PMID- 19971653
TI  - The effect of Filtration on Bacteriolytic Complement.

PMID- 19971654
TI  - Specific and non-specific or Group Agglutinins.

PMID- 19971655
TI  - Comparative Histology of Vaccinia and Variola.

PMID- 19971657
TI  - The Influence of Cholic Acid upon the Excretion of Sulphur in the Urine.

PMID- 19971656
TI  - On Fermentative and Agglutinative Characters of Bacilli of the "Dysentery
      Group.".

PMID- 19971658
TI  - The Life Cycle of the Organism of "Dermatitis Coccidioides.".

PMID- 19971660
TI  - On the Autolysis of Yeasts and Bacteria.

PMID- 19971659
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Blood Corpuscles of Vertebrates.

PMID- 19971661
TI  - Porous Tops for petri Dishes.

PMID- 19971663
TI  - Effect of severe hemorrhage on the Number of Blood Plates in Blood from the
      Peripheral Circulation of Rabbits.

PMID- 19971662
TI  - Preparation of Broth Cultures for Flagella Staining.

PMID- 19971664
TI  - A Contribution to the Classification of tumors.

PMID- 19971665
TI  - On the Nature of the Cell Inclusions of Cancer.

PMID- 19971666
TI  - The effects of the Rontgen Ray upon Cancer.

PMID- 19971667
TI  - Implantation of Tissue and its Relation to Cancer.

PMID- 19971668
TI  - The Structure of Vaccine Bodies in isolated Cells.

PMID- 19971669
TI  - Studies in Mammalian Tubercle Bacilli. III: Description of a Bovine Bacillus from
      the Human Body. A Culture Test for distinguishing the Human from the Bovine Type
      of Bacilli.

PMID- 19971670
TI  - On the use of Typhoid Filtrates in the treatment of Typhoid Fever : (Preliminary
      Communication.).

PMID- 19971671
TI  - The Bacteriolytic Power of Normal Rabbit Serum.

PMID- 19971672
TI  - The mixed tumors of the lacrymal and Salivary Glands.

PMID- 19971674
TI  - The Biology of the Microorganism of Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19971673
TI  - Degrees of susceptibility to Diphtheria Toxin among Guinea-Pigs. Transmission
      from Parents to Offspring.

PMID- 19971675
TI  - The Reaction Curve of Tubercle Bacilli from different Sources in Bouillon
      containing different Amounts of Glycerine.

PMID- 19971676
TI  - Variations in Virulence in Organisms acted upon by Serum, and the Occurrence of
      spontaneous Agglutination.

PMID- 19971677
TI  - Changes in the bacterial Content of Water in Passing through a distributing
      Reservoir.

PMID- 19971678
TI  - Intracellular Fibrils in a malignant tumor of Epithelial Origin.

PMID- 19971679
TI  - Cyclasterion Scarlatinale.

PMID- 19971680
TI  - Further observations on the Transmission of Sarcocystis muris by Feeding.

PMID- 19971681
TI  - Bacteriolytic Power of Immune Serum and the Theory of Complement Diversion.

PMID- 19971682
TI  - Bacteriolytic Power of Immune Serum and the Theory of Complement Diversion : Part
      II.

PMID- 19971683
TI  - The Neuroglia Framework of the Cerebellum in Cases of marginal Sclerosis.

PMID- 19971684
TI  - The Harvard embryological Collection.

PMID- 19971685
TI  - Relation of the Index of Alkalinity to the Production of Diphtheria Toxin.

PMID- 19971686
TI  - General Septicaemia : (Report of Blood Cultures on Five Cases.).

PMID- 19971688
TI  - Some micro-chemical Reactions and their value in the Study of Cancer Cells:
      (First Paper. - Iron.).

PMID- 19971687
TI  - Enzymes in tumors: (Second Communication.).

PMID- 19971689
TI  - Synthetic Culture Media and the Biochemistry of bacterial Pigments.

PMID- 19971691
TI  - Some observations on bactericidal Complement.

PMID- 19971690
TI  - On the Structure and Biology of the Yeast Plant: (Saccharomyces Cerevisioe.).

PMID- 19971692
TI  - The Relative Influence of the Blood Fluids and the bacterial Toxins on
      Phagocytosis.

PMID- 19971693
TI  - Experimental Production of glycuronic Acid in Dogs.

PMID- 19971694
TI  - The Fermentation Tube in the Study of Anaerobic Bacteria with Special reference
      to Gas Production and the use of Milk as a Culture medium.

PMID- 19971695
TI  - Studies on the Etiology and Pathology of Vaccinia in the Rabbit and in Man.

PMID- 19971697
TI  - A Contribution to the Study of Epidemic Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19971696
TI  - The Production of Active Immunity with the Split Products of the Colon Bacillus.

PMID- 19971698
TI  - Studies upon experimental Vaccinia in the Philippine Monkey (Macacus
      cynomologus): Part I.

PMID- 19971699
TI  - Studies upon experimental Variola in Monkeys (Macacus cynomologus and M.
      Nemestrinus) and in the Orang Utan (Simia Satyrus): Part II.

PMID- 19971700
TI  - Studies upon the Immunity Reactions of the Monkey after Inoculation with Vaccine
      or with Variola Virus: Part III.

PMID- 19971701
TI  - On the Occurrence of Cytoryctes Variolae, Guarnieri, in experimental Variola and
      Vaccinia in the Monkey and in the Orang utan: Part IV.

PMID- 19971703
TI  - The Histology of the Skin Lesions in Varicella.

PMID- 19971702
TI  - Studies upon the Reactions of Variola Virus to certain External Conditions: Part
      V.

PMID- 19971704
TI  - A Case of pott's Disease in the Monkey.

PMID- 19971705
TI  - Experimental Work in Relation to Micrococcus rheumaticus and Streptococcus
      pyogenes.

PMID- 19971706
TI  - A new Colony Counter and dissecting Microscope.

PMID- 19971707
TI  - Cystic Aplasia of the cerebral Hemispheres in an Idiot Child.

PMID- 19971708
TI  - Experimental myasis in Goats, with a Study of the Life Cycle of the Fly used in
      the Experiment and a List of some similar noxious Diptera.

PMID- 19971709
TI  - Some micro-chemical Reactions. - II. Notes on Methods for the Localization of
      Potassium and Phosphorus.

PMID- 19971710
TI  - The optical Advantages of the Ultra-Violet Microscope.

PMID- 19971711
TI  - Ultra-Violet photomicrography: (A Preliminary Communication.).

PMID- 19971712
TI  - The Rapid Diagnosis of Rabies.

PMID- 19971713
TI  - Pathological Calcification.

PMID- 19971714
TI  - Stable and detachable Agglutinogen of Typhoid Bacilli.

PMID- 19971715
TI  - A further Study of the experimental Production of Liver necroses by the Injection
      of hemagglutinative Sera.

PMID- 19971716
TI  - The Influence of Glycerin in differentiating certain Bacteria.

PMID- 19971717
TI  - A Simple Way of using Buchner's Method for the Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria.

PMID- 19971718
TI  - Trypanosomata and trypanosomiasis : (A Summary.).

PMID- 19971719
TI  - Trypanosomiasis of the Newt.

PMID- 19971720
TI  - The Relation of Autolysis to the Histological changes occurring in Necrotic
      Areas.

PMID- 19971721
TI  - A Case of Blastomycosis: The results of Culture and Inoculation Experiments.

PMID- 19971723
TI  - Studies in Absorption.

PMID- 19971722
TI  - A new toxic Action of Horse Serum.

PMID- 19971724
TI  - Microscopic Evidences of Absorption in the Large Intestine.

PMID- 19971726
TI  - Regenerative changes in the Liver: A Study of experimental Lesions in the Dog.

PMID- 19971725
TI  - Two Modifications of the leischman Stain.

PMID- 19971727
TI  - A Study of the so-called infectious Lymphosarcoma of Dogs.

PMID- 19971729
TI  - Transmission of Resistance to Diphtheria Toxine by the Female Guinea-Pig to her
      Young.

PMID- 19971728
TI  - Intravenous Injections of Nicotine and their effects upon the Aorta of Rabbits.

PMID- 19971731
TI  - Multiple Myeloma with Involvement of the Orbit.

PMID- 19971730
TI  - Simultaneous Transmission of Resistance to Diphtheria Toxine and
      Hypersusceptibility to Horse Serum by the Female Guinea-Pig to her Young.

PMID- 19971732
TI  - The Viability of Bacillus typhosus under various Conditions.

PMID- 19971733
TI  - The Methods for Testing the indol Reaction.

PMID- 19971734
TI  - The Cholera-Red Reaction and the Indol Reaction.

PMID- 19971735
TI  - The uricolytic Enzyme in Animal Organs : (Preliminary Considerations.).

PMID- 19971736
TI  - Non-Virulent Diphtheria Bacilli from an infected Middle Ear.

PMID- 19971737
TI  - The Influence of subcutaneous Injection of Liver extract upon the Hepatic
      Catabolism of Uric Acid.

PMID- 19971738
TI  - Modification of Bacillus Dysenteriae after Cultivation in Agglutinating Serum.

PMID- 19971740
TI  - The Distribution of Treponema Pallidum, Schaudinn (Spirochaeta Pallida), in the
      Tissues in Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19971739
TI  - The Chemistry of Atheroma and Calcification (Aorta).

PMID- 19971741
TI  - The effect of Amyl Nitrite Inhalations upon the Blood Pressure in Man.

PMID- 19971742
TI  - A Study of the Parathyroid Glandules in Paralysis agitans.

PMID- 19971743
TI  - The Resistance of the Red Blood Corpuscles of the Horse to Salt Solutions of
      different Tonicities before and after repeated Withdrawals of Blood.

PMID- 19971745
TI  - Diphtheria-Toxon Paralysis in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19971744
TI  - Hemorrhagic Hepatitis in Antitoxin Horses.

PMID- 19971746
TI  - A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Lesions caused by Trichina spiralis in
      Man.

PMID- 19971748
TI  - Notes on Bacillus coli communis in Drinking-Water.

PMID- 19971747
TI  - Concerning Hemoflagellates of an African Fish (Clarias Angolensis).

PMID- 19971749
TI  - The Preservation of Neutrality in Culture Media with the Aid of Phosphates.

PMID- 19971750
TI  - On the Occurrence of oxidative Ferments in a melanotic tumor of the Liver.

PMID- 19971751
TI  - Fatty tumor of Kidney suggesting a Metamorphosis of Adrenal Cells into True Fat.

PMID- 19971752
TI  - Absorption from the Peritoneal Cavity : Part VI.

PMID- 19971753
TI  - Absorption from the Peritoneal Cavity : Part VII.

PMID- 19971754
TI  - The Pathology of the Brown-Tail Moth Dermatitis.

PMID- 19971755
TI  - Trypanosomes of the trumpter Hornbill (Bycanistes Buccinator).

PMID- 19971756
TI  - The Elastic Tissue of Carcinomata.

PMID- 19971757
TI  - The Uricolytic Enzyme : (Second Contribution.).

PMID- 19971758
TI  - B. coli communis, "the Presumptive Test," and the Sewage Streptococci in Drinking
      Water.

PMID- 19971759
TI  - Lesions of the Granule Layer of the Human Cerebellum.

PMID- 19971760
TI  - On Serum Anaphylaxis in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19971761
TI  - A Study of Normal and Diarrheal Stools for the Detection of Dysentery or allied
      Organisms, with Description of a new Bacillus.

PMID- 19971762
TI  - A Study of Agglutination.

PMID- 19971763
TI  - The Application of the Card-Cabinet System in the Storage of Microscopical Slide
      Preparations.

PMID- 19971764
TI  - The Estimation of Leucocytes from stained blood-smears.

PMID- 19971765
TI  - Report of a Case of oidiomycosis.

PMID- 19971766
TI  - Absorption from the Peritoneal Cavity : Part VIII.

PMID- 19971767
TI  - Solid teratomata of the Mediastinum.

PMID- 19971768
TI  - Hemolytic Properties of Organ and tumor extracts.

PMID- 19971769
TI  - A Study of the Toxins of Bacillus prodigiosus.

PMID- 19971771
TI  - The Degree and Duration of Passive Immunity to Diphtheria Toxin transmitted by
      immunized Female Guinea-Pigs to their immediate offspring.

PMID- 19971770
TI  - Agglutinins and Precipitins in Anti-Gonococcic Serum.

PMID- 19971772
TI  - Further studies upon Hypersusceptibility and Immunity.

PMID- 19971773
TI  - Effects of experimental Injuries of the Pancreas.

PMID- 19971774
TI  - The Normal Pulsations within the Esophagus.

PMID- 19971776
TI  - Calcium Metabolism in a Case of Myositis Ossificans.

PMID- 19971775
TI  - Studies in Mammalian Tubercle Bacilli, IV.

PMID- 19971777
TI  - Fat Embolism: Report of a Case and of Experiments on Animals.

PMID- 19971779
TI  - Congenital Rhabdomyoma of the Heart.

PMID- 19971778
TI  - A Case of Multiple Primary Carcinoma.

PMID- 19971780
TI  - Observations on Phagocytosis in Relation to the Opsonic Index.

PMID- 19971781
TI  - A new Pathogenic Microorganism of the conjunctival Sac.

PMID- 19971782
TI  - Absorttion from the Peritoneal Cavity : Part IX.

PMID- 19971783
TI  - The Interpretation of the Positive Venous Pulse.

PMID- 19971784
TI  - Studies on Calcification and Ossification, II.

PMID- 19971785
TI  - Experimental bone-formation in Arteries.

PMID- 19971786
TI  - The Etiology and Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis.

PMID- 19971788
TI  - The Opsonic Index as a Guide to regulate the use of Vaccines in the Treatment of
      Disease.

PMID- 19971787
TI  - On the reactivation of heated Normal Human Opsonic Serum with fresh diluted
      Serum: A Preliminary Report.

PMID- 19971789
TI  - Preliminary Report of the predominating Microorganisms in Feces and Sewage, as an
      Index of Pollution in Drinking Water.

PMID- 19971791
TI  - The inoculable tumors of Mice.

PMID- 19971792
TI  - A Series of Twenty spontaneous tumors in Mice, with the accompanying Pathological
      changes and the Results of the Inoculation of certain of these tumors into Normal
      Mice.

PMID- 19971790
TI  - Experiments in Favor of the Amboceptor-Complement Structure of the Opsonin of
      Normal Human Serum for the Staphylococcus albus.

PMID- 19971794
TI  - The Separation of Opsonic Amboceptor and Complement in the Cold.

PMID- 19971793
TI  - A Study of Heredity in Relation to the Development of tumors in Mice.

PMID- 19971795
TI  - Report of a Case of Chorion Epithelioma of the Testicle.

PMID- 19971797
TI  - The Relation of the Eosinophilic Cells of the Blood, Peritoneum, and Tissues to
      various Toxins.

PMID- 19971796
TI  - A Study of Gonococcus by the Method of "Fixation of Complement.".

PMID- 19971798
TI  - Elastic Tissue Proliferation in a Fibroma.

PMID- 19971799
TI  - A Study of the Diphtheria Group of Organisms; with Special reference to
      Fermentation Reactions.

PMID- 19971800
TI  - The Pathological Histology of Rabbits after Double Nephrectomy.

PMID- 19971801
TI  - On the Difference in the Results obtained after Inoculation of tumors into the
      Individual in which the Tumor had developed spontaneously, and into other
      Individuals of the same Species.

PMID- 19971802
TI  - The Function of Tonicity in Human Isohemagglutination.

PMID- 19971803
TI  - The Determination of the Alexic Activity of Human Blood Serum.

PMID- 19971804
TI  - Alexic Activity of the Blood Serum of Cadavers.

PMID- 19971805
TI  - Experimental studies on Round Ulcer of the Stomach and Duodenum.

PMID- 19971806
TI  - The Parasitic Amebae of the intestinal Tract of Man and other Animals.

PMID- 19971807
TI  - The Fats and Lipoids of malignant renal hypernephromas.

PMID- 19971808
TI  - Experimental and Clinical Notes on Chronic valvular Lesions in the Dog and their
      Possible Relation to a Future Surgery of the Cardiac Valves.

PMID- 19971809
TI  - Stereo-Photography of Pathological Specimens: Some Improvements in technic, and
      new Apparatus.

PMID- 19971811
TI  - Tuberculous Infection through the alimentary Canal.

PMID- 19971810
TI  - The Ophthalmo-Tuberculin Reaction: Some observations.

PMID- 19971812
TI  - A Study of Phagocytosis in Diphtheria.

PMID- 19971814
TI  - The Association of syringomyelia with Tabes dorsalis.

PMID- 19971813
TI  - Syringomyelia with syringobulbia.

PMID- 19971815
TI  - A further Contribution to the Study of benign cystic Epithelioma.

PMID- 19971816
TI  - The germicidal Property of Milk.

PMID- 19971817
TI  - Agglutination studies in Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971818
TI  - Factors determining the Coagulation of Blood Serum by Bacteria.

PMID- 19971819
TI  - The Influence of Blood Serum upon Autolysis.

PMID- 19971820
TI  - Congenital Obliteration of the Bile Ducts with Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19971821
TI  - A new Method of Examination of the Feces for the Ova of uncinaria. with Report of
      a Case of u. Americana and of a Case of u. Duodenale.

PMID- 19971822
TI  - Contribution to the Differentiation of Bacillus Coli communis from allied Species
      in Drinking Water.

PMID- 19971823
TI  - Experimental observations upon the value of intestinal Antiseptics.

PMID- 19971824
TI  - On the Diuresis following Ether Narcosis.

PMID- 19971825
TI  - New technic in the Study of Symbiotic Relations of Bacteria.

PMID- 19971826
TI  - Some Symbiotic Relations of Bacillus Diphtheriae.

PMID- 19971827
TI  - Fatal Septicemia in Young Chickens, or "White Diarrhea.".

PMID- 19971828
TI  - A Contribution to the Bacteriology of the Female genital tract with special
      reference to the Detection of the Gonococcus.

PMID- 19971829
TI  - Protective Inoculation against Plague.

PMID- 19971830
TI  - A Study of Natural and acquired Immunity of Guinea-Pigs to Gonococcus.

PMID- 19971831
TI  - Sudan Oil in the Transplantation of tumors.

PMID- 19971832
TI  - Transfusion of Blood in the Transplantable Lymphosarcoma of Dogs.

PMID- 19971834
TI  - On the Chemical Separation of the Sensitizing Fraction (anaphylactin) from Horse
      Serum.

PMID- 19971833
TI  - Further studies in Anaphylaxis : I. On the Mechanism of Serum Anaphylaxis and
      Intoxication in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19971835
TI  - The Vaccination of Cattle against Tuberculosis : Experiments conducted under the
      Auspices of the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture.

PMID- 19971837
TI  - Some interesting Points in Regard to experimental Chronic Nephritis.

PMID- 19971836
TI  - The Cultivation of the Parasitic Flagellata and Ciliata of the Intestinal Tract.

PMID- 19971838
TI  - Further studies in Anaphylaxis : II. On recurrent Anaphylaxis and repeated
      Intoxication in Guinea-Pigs by means of Horse Serum.

PMID- 19971839
TI  - The Viability of proteolytic Enzymes in Tissues.

PMID- 19971840
TI  - Pseudodiphtheria Bacillus Infections and their Response to therapeutic
      Inoculations.

PMID- 19971841
TI  - The Reaction of Hypersusceptibility as produced by bacterial Inoculations.

PMID- 19971842
TI  - Papilliferous Cysts of the Kidney.

PMID- 19971843
TI  - The Results of Chronic Parathyroiditis as obtained by Ligation of the Parathyroid
      glandules in the Dog.

PMID- 19971844
TI  - A Consideration of the Pathological Histology of the Parathyroid glandules, and a
      Report of a Parathyroid-Like tumor.

PMID- 19971845
TI  - Multiple Hernias of the Cerebrum and Cerebellum, due to intracranial Pressure.

PMID- 19971846
TI  - Further studies in Anaphylaxis : IV. The Localization of Cell and Tissue
      Anaphylaxis in the Guinea-Pig, with observations on the cause of Death in Serum
      Intoxication.

PMID- 19971847
TI  - The Colon-Aerogenes Group of Bacteria.

PMID- 19971848
TI  - On the Nature of the Opsonins of Normal and of Immune Sera and on Opsonic effects
      resulting from the combined Action of Immune Body and Complement.

PMID- 19971849
TI  - A Clinical and Bacteriological Study of a Case of Pyelonephritis.

PMID- 19971850
TI  - A Contribution to the forensic value of the Musculo-Precipitin Test.

PMID- 19971851
TI  - Further studies upon Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19971853
TI  - Epidermal Fibrils in the Classification of malignant growths.

PMID- 19971852
TI  - Further studies in Anaphylaxis : III. The Relative Specificity of Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19971855
TI  - Statistics of Congenital Cardiac Disease: 400 Cases Analyzed.

PMID- 19971854
TI  - Apparatus of Service in experimental Pathology.

PMID- 19971856
TI  - A Study of the eosinophilic Cell as occurring in the hematopoietic Organs in
      Diphtheria and Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971857
TI  - Recurrent Liposarcoma of the Kidney.

PMID- 19971858
TI  - Opsonic technic.

PMID- 19971859
TI  - Septicemia with Acute Fibrino-Purulent Pericarditis and Hypopyon Iritis caused by
      the Meningococcus.

PMID- 19971860
TI  - Concerning the Presence of Nephrotoxic Substances in the Serum of Animals with
      experimental Nephritis.

PMID- 19971861
TI  - The hemolytic Reactions in Cases of Human Cancer.

PMID- 19971862
TI  - The Etiology of an Epidemic of Influenza. Relation of the Influenza Bacillus and
      other Organisms to the recent Epidemic in Boston (1907-08). Comparison with an
      inter-epidemic Period (1902-04).

PMID- 19971864
TI  - The proteolytic Enzyme of Human Milk.

PMID- 19971863
TI  - The microscopic Anatomy of trichinella spiralis.

PMID- 19971865
TI  - The Curative Influence of extracts of Leucocytes upon Infections in Animals.

PMID- 19971866
TI  - On the Precipitation of bacterial extracts by extracts of Leucocytes.

PMID- 19971867
TI  - Observations on the Mechanism of Protection by Leucocyte extracts.

PMID- 19971868
TI  - A Report of twenty-four Cases of Epidemic Meningitis treated with Leucocyte
      extract.

PMID- 19971869
TI  - On the Treatment of lobar Pneumonia with Leucocyte extract.

PMID- 19971870
TI  - Bacteriolysis of the Gonococcus and of the Meningococcus with Normal and Specific
      Immune Rabbit Serums.

PMID- 19971872
TI  - A Modification of the Technic of Complement Fixation.

PMID- 19971871
TI  - I. A new Para-Dimethyl-Amido-Benzaldehyde Test for indol. II. Cholera-Red
      Reaction as affected by mixed Cultures.

PMID- 19971873
TI  - Typhoid Meningitis: Cultivation of Bacillus typhosus from Meninges and mesenteric
      Lymph Node in a Case of General Paresis, with Note on Experimental Typhoid
      Meningitis in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19971874
TI  - Immunity Production by Inoculation of increasing Numbers Of Bacteria Beginning
      with One Living Organism.

PMID- 19971876
TI  - On the large White or Soapy Kidney.

PMID- 19971875
TI  - A mucin-containing multilocular Cyst of the Ovary.

PMID- 19971877
TI  - The Origin and Development of foreign Body Giant Cells.

PMID- 19971878
TI  - Notes on the later Stages of the Repair of Kidney Tissue (Dog) with Special
      reference to Pro-Liferation of the Pelvic Epithelium and Hetero-Plastic Bone
      formation.

PMID- 19971879
TI  - On the increased infective Power produced in Bacteria by Sensitization with
      Normal Serum of the Same Species.

PMID- 19971880
TI  - On the value of the use of Ammonium Oxalate in Blood Culture Technic.

PMID- 19971881
TI  - General susceptibility in Typhoid and Colon Infection as shown by the Ophthalmic
      Test.

PMID- 19971882
TI  - Effect of Dilution upon the Flocculation of Colloids.

PMID- 19971883
TI  - Enterokinase in Infancy.

PMID- 19971884
TI  - A Contribution to the Physiology and Chemistry of the Parathyroid Gland.

PMID- 19971885
TI  - A transmissible Cancer of the Rat considered from the Standpoint of Immunity.

PMID- 19971887
TI  - An Acute Pancreatitis without Necrosis or bacterial Invasion.

PMID- 19971886
TI  - The quantitative Relations of Antigen, amboceptor, and Complement in the
      Estimation of Hemolysis.

PMID- 19971888
TI  - Some studies of the Physiological Leucocyte Content of Cow's Milk.

PMID- 19971889
TI  - A Report of Eleven Cases of Staphylococcus Infection treated with Leucocyte
      extract.

PMID- 19971891
TI  - Malignant tumors in Mice. with a Report of a spontaneous Adeno-Carcinoma in a
      House Mouse (Mus Musculus).

PMID- 19971890
TI  - Localized Anaphylactic Intoxication in Children following the repeated Injection
      of Antitoxin.

PMID- 19971892
TI  - The Pathological Cytology of Surgical Shock: I. Preliminary Communication. The
      Alterations occurring in the Purkinje Cells of the Dog's Cerebellum.

PMID- 19971893
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Uterus; with the Report of a Case.

PMID- 19971894
TI  - Effect of Dilution upon the Flocculation of Colloids. II.

PMID- 19971896
TI  - A quantitative Modification of the von pirquet Tuberculin Reaction and its value
      in Diagnosis and Prognosis.

PMID- 19971895
TI  - A Study of Specificity and Sensitization by means of the Cutaneous Test with
      Human and Bovine Tuberculin.

PMID- 19971897
TI  - An Agar Gelatin medium.

PMID- 19971899
TI  - Part I. Comparative Study of the Meningococcus and Allied Gram Negative Cocci.

PMID- 19971898
TI  - The Behavior of the Gonococcus in Carbohydrate Media.

PMID- 19971901
TI  - Further Studies upon the Phenomenon of Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19971900
TI  - Part II: Viability of the Meningococcus.

PMID- 19971902
TI  - Further Studies on fatal Septicemia in Young Chickens, or "White Diarrhea.".

PMID- 19971903
TI  - Ligation of the Parathyroid Artery in the Dog.

PMID- 19971905
TI  - Neurophysiological Effects of Anaphylactic Intoxication.

PMID- 19971904
TI  - Transplantation of the Parathyroid Glandules, with Special Reference to the
      Result of Bone Operation on Tetany Parathyreopriva.

PMID- 19971906
TI  - An Attempt to Show Specific racial Differences in Human Blood by means of the
      Reaction of Fixation.

PMID- 19971908
TI  - The Agglutination of Human and Rabbit Blood Corpuscles by Crotalus Venom.

PMID- 19971907
TI  - Upon the Mechanism of the Neutralization of Cobra Venom by its Antitoxin.

PMID- 19971909
TI  - The Gas Production of Bacillus Coli.

PMID- 19971911
TI  - The Morphological Changes in Nerve Cells resulting from Over-Work in Relation
      with experimental Anemia and Shock.

PMID- 19971910
TI  - The Bacteriology of the Blood in Convalescence from Typhoid Fever. With a Theory
      of the Pathogenesis of the Disease.

PMID- 19971912
TI  - Arthritis Deformans.

PMID- 19971913
TI  - A Study of Leucocytic Extract and its Action on the Course of Pneumonia.

PMID- 19971914
TI  - An Index to Tuberculin Treatment in Tuberculosis by the minimal cutaneous
      Reaction Method.

PMID- 19971915
TI  - Studies on the Action of Sera on Tuberculin cutaneous Reaction.

PMID- 19971916
TI  - A new Anaerobic spore-bearing Bacterium commonly Present in the Livers of healthy
      Dogs, and believed to be responsible for many Changes attributed to aseptic
      Autolysis of Liver Tissue.

PMID- 19971917
TI  - A Device for the Cultivation of Anaerobes in Plate Cultures, by the use of Alkali
      Pyrogallic Acid Mixtures.

PMID- 19971918
TI  - Concerning the Question of the Rate of Autolytic Reaction and the Appearance of
      Gases and Acids in the Autolysis of so-called sterile Livers of the Dog.

PMID- 19971920
TI  - Changes occurring in the Elastic Fibers of the Aorta with advancing Age.

PMID- 19971919
TI  - A Preliminary Report on tumors found in Wild Rats.

PMID- 19971921
TI  - Studies on an Extract of the Kidney.

PMID- 19971922
TI  - Transplantation of devitalized Arterial Segments: Morphological Changes in the
      implanted Segments.

PMID- 19971923
TI  - A Method for obtaining Human Plasma free from Chemical Action. Its Effect on
      Phagocytosis.

PMID- 19971924
TI  - The Lesions of the Skin and the tumor formations in Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

PMID- 19971926
TI  - The Pathological Histology of Chronic X-ray Dermatitis and early X-ray Carcinoma.

PMID- 19971925
TI  - The Surgical Treatment of X-ray Carcinoma and other severe X-ray Lesions, based
      upon an Analysis of forty-seven Cases.

PMID- 19971927
TI  - Chronic Pancreatitis with Tumor-Like Nodules in the Cat.

PMID- 19971928
TI  - Tumors in the Common Fowl.

PMID- 19971929
TI  - A Series of spontaneous tumors in Mice with Observations on the Influence of
      Heredity on the Frequency of their Occurrence.

PMID- 19971930
TI  - A Study of Inheritance in Mice with Reference to their Susceptibility to
      transplantable Tumors.

PMID- 19971932
TI  - The Effect of Trypsin on Cancer and on the Germ Cells in Mice.

PMID- 19971931
TI  - The Nature of the Reaction of the Tissues of susceptible and non-susceptible Mice
      to an inoculable Tumor.

PMID- 19971933
TI  - A Contribution to the Normal and Pathological Histology of the Thymus Gland.

PMID- 19971934
TI  - On the Occurrence of Lipase in Human Tissues and its Variation in Disease.

PMID- 19971935
TI  - Antiperistalsis in its Relation to Tubercle Bacilli and other Bacteria in the
      alimentary Tract.

PMID- 19971936
TI  - Carcinoma of the Breast in a Male.

PMID- 19971938
TI  - Studies on the Clinical Diagnosis of General Paralysis of the insane.

PMID- 19971937
TI  - Observations on aciduric (acidophilic) Bacteria.

PMID- 19971939
TI  - Immunity Production in Rabbits by the Inoculation of increasing Numbers of Living
      virulent Bovine Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19971941
TI  - The Relationship of Amboceptors in Complement Fixation and in Bacteriolysis.

PMID- 19971940
TI  - The Pathological Changes which develop in the Kidney, as a Result of Occlusion,
      by Ligature, of one Branch of the renal Artery.

PMID- 19971942
TI  - Hypersusceptibility or Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19971943
TI  - (b.) Studies in Passive or transferred Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19971944
TI  - (c.) Note on the acquired General Sensitiveness of Normal Guinea-Pigs to
      tuberculo-protein as a Result of Preliminary intradermic Injections.

PMID- 19971945
TI  - II. The Effect of the Administration of Preparations of Tuberculous Lymph Glands
      on experimental Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971946
TI  - III. Further Notes on Differences in Precipitins produced by Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19971947
TI  - IV. A Contribution to the Question of Cattle Immunization and the Transformation
      of the Human into the Bovine type of Tubercle Bacillus.

PMID- 19971949
TI  - Appendix: Description of Cultures and Extracts.

PMID- 19971948
TI  - A Report on the use of "Antiformin" for the Detection of Tubercle Bacilli in
      Sputum, etc.

PMID- 19971950
TI  - The Pathological Cytology of Surgical Shock : II. The numerical Statement of the
      Upset of the nucleus-plasma Relation in the Purkinje Cells.

PMID- 19971951
TI  - The Cytology and Life-History of Trypanosomes.

PMID- 19971952
TI  - Further Transfusion Experiments.

PMID- 19971953
TI  - On Bactericidal Substances extracted from Normal Leucocytes.

PMID- 19971954
TI  - Studies in Typhoid Vaccines and Opsonins.

PMID- 19971955
TI  - A new and improved Method of enumerating Air Bacteria.

PMID- 19971956
TI  - On the Etiology of Tabardillo or Mexican Typhus. An experimental Investigation.

PMID- 19971958
TI  - Studies on Calcification and Ossification. III.

PMID- 19971957
TI  - Effect of Dilution upon the Flocculation of Colloids : Part III. The Flocculation
      of Milk.

PMID- 19971959
TI  - The Cultivation of Tubercle Bacilli directly from Sputum by the use of
      Antiformin.

PMID- 19971961
TI  - The Origin and Development of Giant Cells in an Epidermoid Carcinoma of the
      Tongue.

PMID- 19971960
TI  - Antianaphylactic Vaccination.

PMID- 19971962
TI  - The Relation of intestinal Absorption to Pulmonary Anthracosis.

PMID- 19971964
TI  - Gonorrheal Salpingitis-an histological Study.

PMID- 19971963
TI  - Sporothrix and Epizootic Lymphangitis.

PMID- 19971965
TI  - Larvae of Strongyloides Intestinalis in Human Lung.

PMID- 19971966
TI  - Studies upon Anaphylaxis with Special Reference to the Antibodies concerned.

PMID- 19971967
TI  - Vaughan's Split Products and unbroken Proteins-a Comparative Study of their
      Effects.

PMID- 19971968
TI  - Observations on Typhus Exanthematicus (Tabardillo) in Mexico (Feb. 7, 1910).

PMID- 19971969
TI  - Properties of Ascitic Fluids, especially in Cases of Cancer.

PMID- 19971970
TI  - Concerning the Bacteriemic Theory of Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971971
TI  - The Reaction Curve Of the Human and the Bovine type of the Tubercle Bacillus in
      Glycerine Bouillon.

PMID- 19971972
TI  - The Relative Importance of the Bovine and Human types of Tubercle Bacilli in the
      different forms of Human Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19971973
TI  - Some Observations on Phenol as a Clearing Agent in histologic Work.

PMID- 19971974
TI  - The Viscosimeter as an Aid in the Detection of liquefying Bacteria.

PMID- 19971975
TI  - Trypanoplasma Ranae N. Sp. and its Life-Cycle in Cultures.

PMID- 19971976
TI  - A Protective Reaction of the Host in Intestinal Coccidiosis of the Rabbit.

PMID- 19971978
TI  - Intestinal Amebiasis in the Domestic Pig.

PMID- 19971977
TI  - Note on the Influence of infectious Diseases upon a Preexisting Parasitism.

PMID- 19971979
TI  - Further Studies on the Immunizing Effect of Mixtures of Diphtheria Toxin and
      Antitoxin.

PMID- 19971981
TI  - The Isolation of Bacillus Dysenteriae from Stools.

PMID- 19971980
TI  - Meningitis and Disease of the Radicular Nerves in Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19971982
TI  - An extracellular Coccidium, Cryptosporidium Muris (Gen. Et Sp. Nov.), of the
      gastric Glands of the Common Mouse.

PMID- 19971984
TI  - The Inheritance of Tuberculo-Protein Hypersensitiveness in Guinea-Pigs.

PMID- 19971983
TI  - Local Reaction in Antirabic Inoculations.

PMID- 19971985
TI  - On the protective Influence of Leucocytic Substances upon experimental plague
      Infection in Rats.

PMID- 19971986
TI  - Notes on Ovarian Infection with Bacterium Pullorum (Rettger) in the Domestic
      Fowl.

PMID- 19971987
TI  - On Hirudin and Hirudin Immunity.

PMID- 19971989
TI  - The Elimination of Tubercle Bacilli from infected Cattle.

PMID- 19971988
TI  - Passage of Bacteria through the intestinal Wall.

PMID- 19971990
TI  - A Note on the Vacuum Desiccation of Bacteria.

PMID- 19971992
TI  - Pseudo-Nuclei of Erythrocytes.

PMID- 19971991
TI  - Opsonins in Pleurisy.

PMID- 19971993
TI  - Ciaccio's Method for the Demonstration of Lipoids.

PMID- 19971994
TI  - A new type of Cell Inclusion, not Parasitic, associated with disseminated
      Granulomatous Lesions.

PMID- 19971995
TI  - The Nature of Trachoma Bodies.

PMID- 19971996
TI  - Studies on bacterial Variation.

PMID- 19971997
TI  - A Chemical Study of Human Sweat : (Preliminary Paper.).

PMID- 19971998
TI  - Two Cases of tumor Metastases involving the Parathyroid Glandules.

PMID- 19971999
TI  - Accessory Thyroid Tissue within the Pericardium of the Dog.

PMID- 19972001
TI  - A Clinical and Experimental Study of the Hemopoietic Serum of Carnot.

PMID- 19972000
TI  - Studies on the Recuperation of Nerve Cells after functional Activity from Youth
      to Senility.-I.

PMID- 19972002
TI  - Studies in Immunity to Tuberculosis : Hypersensitiveness to tuberculo-protein and
      its Relation to some Tuberculosis Problems.

PMID- 19972003
TI  - The Biology and Biochemistry of Bacteria and their Relation to Therapeutics.

PMID- 19972004
TI  - The Pathological Changes which develop in the Kidney as a Result of Occlusion by
      Ligature of one Branch of the renal Artery : Part II.

PMID- 19972006
TI  - Giant Cell Sarcoma.

PMID- 19972005
TI  - Chronic Passive Congestion of the Liver.

PMID- 19972007
TI  - Immunity in Tuberculosis : A further Report on its Production by the Inoculation
      of increasing Numbers of Bacilli.

PMID- 19972009
TI  - The Volume Index of the Red Corpuscles.

PMID- 19972008
TI  - Investigations on Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19972010
TI  - The Swamp Fever of Horses.

PMID- 19972012
TI  - An Examination of the Feces of Forty Cattle for Tubercle Bacilli and Conclusions.

PMID- 19972011
TI  - A Case of Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19972013
TI  - Experimental Chronic Nephritis with Exophthalmos in the Rabbit : (Preliminary
      Communication.).

PMID- 19972015
TI  - The Erythrocytic Nuclei of Normal Human Blood.

PMID- 19972014
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Histology of the so-called Hypernephromata and the
      Embryology of the Nephridial and Adrenal Tissues.

PMID- 19972016
TI  - Primary tumor of Lymph Vessels and typical Lymph-Adenoid Tissue.

PMID- 19972017
TI  - The Vaccination of Cattle against Tuberculosis.-II : The Pathogenic Effect of
      certain Cultures of the Human type on Calves.

PMID- 19972018
TI  - An Investigation on the Permeability of slow Sand Filters to Bacillus Typhosus.

PMID- 19972019
TI  - Certain Fundamental Principles relating to the Activity of Bacteria in the
      intestinal Tract. Their Relation to Therapeutics.

PMID- 19972020
TI  - Tuberculosis among Ground Squirrels (Citellus Beecheyi, Richardson).

PMID- 19972021
TI  - Precipitation Tests for Syphilis.

PMID- 19972022
TI  - Notes on twenty-two Spontaneous tumors in Wild Rats (M. Norvegicus).

PMID- 19972023
TI  - The Isolation of Typhoid Bacilli from Urine and Feces with the Description of a
      new Double Sugar Tube Medium.

PMID- 19972024
TI  - The Isolation of Bacillus Typhosus from Butter.

PMID- 19972026
TI  - Carcinoma involving the Entire Kidney.

PMID- 19972025
TI  - Note on a peptid-splitting Enzyme in Woman's Milk.

PMID- 19972027
TI  - A Study of a Case of Thrombo-Angitis obliterans.

PMID- 19972028
TI  - The value of the "Hormone" Theory of the Causation of new Growth.

PMID- 19972029
TI  - Organic Matter in the expired Breath.

PMID- 19972030
TI  - A Study of Primary intimal Arteritis of Syphilitic Origin.

PMID- 19972032
TI  - Pure Cultures of Amebae Parasitic in Mammals.

PMID- 19972031
TI  - The Rapid Isolation of Typhoid, Paratyphoid, and Dysentery Bacilli.

PMID- 19972033
TI  - The Identity in Dog and Man of the Sequence of Changes produced by functional
      Activity in the Purkinje Cell of the Cerebellum.

PMID- 19972035
TI  - The Reaction Curve in Glycerin Broth as an Aid in differentiating the bovine from
      the Human type of Tubercle Bacillus.

PMID- 19972034
TI  - The Relative Importance of the Bovine and Human types of Tubercle Bacilli in the
      different forms of Human Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19972036
TI  - Fatty Compounds as a Factor in the Etiology of Appendicitis.

PMID- 19972037
TI  - A Note on the Regeneration of renal Epithelium in the intact Cat Kidney.

PMID- 19972038
TI  - Studies on Calcification and Ossification. IV.

PMID- 19972039
TI  - A Case of cerebellar Abscess with Isolation of Micrococcus Cereus Albus.

PMID- 19972040
TI  - The Metabolism of the hypophysectomized Dog.

PMID- 19972042
TI  - Observations upon the Morphology of Parasitic and Cultural Amebae.

PMID- 19972041
TI  - On the Relative Local Influence of coexisting Tuberculous Inflammation and Cancer
      in the Lung.

PMID- 19972043
TI  - Tests of the Efficiency of Pasteurization of Milk under practical Conditions.

PMID- 19972044
TI  - Some Observations on the Cultivation of Tissues in Vitro.

PMID- 19972045
TI  - An experimental Study of Measles in Monkeys.

PMID- 19972047
TI  - A Colorimetric Test for Cholesterol.

PMID- 19972046
TI  - The Molasses Plate Method: A Modification of the Huber-Schmorl-Obregia Method.

PMID- 19972048
TI  - The Antiseptic and bactericidal Properties of Egg-White.

PMID- 19972049
TI  - The Formation of Pigment by the dermal Chromatophores.

PMID- 19972050
TI  - A Study of the renal Epithelium in various types of Acute experimental Nephritis
      and of the Relation which exists between the epithelial Changes and the Total
      output of Urine.

PMID- 19972051
TI  - Parasitic Protozoa from the Gambia : Second Report of the Expedition of the
      Liverpool School of tropical Medicine to the Gambia, 1911.

PMID- 19972052
TI  - The Pathological Anatomy of Natural and experimental Murrina - A Trypanosomal
      Disease of the Isthmus of Panama.

PMID- 19972053
TI  - Spontaneous Nephritis in Wild Rats.

PMID- 19972054
TI  - The Relation of Animal Fat to Tubercle Bacillus Fat (A suggested Explanation of
      the apical Lesions in Man and caudal Lobe Lesion in Cattle.): (Preliminary
      Communication.).

PMID- 19972055
TI  - The Cyanotic Induration of the Kidney.

PMID- 19972056
TI  - The Action of certain Products obtained from the Tubercle Bacillus : A. Cleavage
      Products of tuberculo-protein obtained by the Method of Vaughan. Communication I.

PMID- 19972057
TI  - The Antibodies produced by various Constituents of Dog's Bile.

PMID- 19972058
TI  - A Comparative Study of Antibodies.

PMID- 19972059
TI  - Primary Cancer of the Lung.

PMID- 19972060
TI  - Atrophy of the Pancreas after Occlusion of the pancreatic Duct.

PMID- 19972061
TI  - Observations of the Glycolytic Power of the Blood and Tissues in Normal and
      Diabetic Conditions.

PMID- 19972063
TI  - Bacterium Ozaenae (Abel); Fermentation Reactions with Eleven Sugars, Differential
      Diagnosis, and use as a Vaccine for Treatment.

PMID- 19972062
TI  - A Contribution to the Pathogenesis of B. Abortus, Bang.-II.

PMID- 19972064
TI  - A Case of Ovarian Pregnancy.

PMID- 19972065
TI  - On induced Variations in bacterial Functions. An experimental Study.

PMID- 19972066
TI  - On the Metaplasia of bronchial Epithelium.

PMID- 19972068
TI  - The Filterable Viruses, a Summary.

PMID- 19972067
TI  - Determination of the Cholesterol content of Human Serum by the Colorimetric
      Method.

PMID- 19972069
TI  - The Relative Importance of the Bovine and Human types of Tubercle Bacilli in the
      different forms of Tuberculosis : (Final Summary of Cases investigated.).

PMID- 19972070
TI  - A Study of Chronic Ulcers, Ulcus Tropicum, from the Gambia : Third Report of the
      Expedition of the Liverpool School of tropical Medicine to the Gambia in 1911.

PMID- 19972072
TI  - The microscopical Demonstration of Fats in Tissue Sections.

PMID- 19972071
TI  - Congenital Atresia of Esophagus with Esophago-Tracheal Fistula.

PMID- 19972073
TI  - Differentiation of Cultures of Streptococcus.

PMID- 19972074
TI  - The Effect of the Injection of Bovine Bile into Rabbits.

PMID- 19972075
TI  - A Contribution to the Parasitology of Trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 19972076
TI  - Pertussis: The histological Lesion in the Respiratory Tract.

PMID- 19972077
TI  - The Origin of the Giant Cell in Tuberculous Lesions.

PMID- 19972078
TI  - Chloroma.

PMID- 19972080
TI  - Notes on Complement Fixation in Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19972079
TI  - A pleomorphic Bacillus Growing in Association with a Streptothrix.

PMID- 19972081
TI  - A Research on the experimental Typhoid-Carrier State in the Rabbit.

PMID- 19972082
TI  - The Blood Cell Picture in Horse Serum Anaphylaxis in the Guinea-Pig: Note on
      Kurloff's Inclusion Cells.

PMID- 19972083
TI  - Studies in Infarction: II. Experimental bland Infarction of the Lung.

PMID- 19972084
TI  - A diluting Fluid for Standardization of Vaccines with the Hemocytometer.

PMID- 19972085
TI  - Benign Epithelial tumors of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19972086
TI  - Growth Centers of the benign Blastomata with especial Reference to Thyroid and
      prostatic Adenomata.

PMID- 19972088
TI  - A Study of an unusual type of Arterio-Capillary Fibrosis clinically resembling
      Myasthemia Gravis.

PMID- 19972087
TI  - Studies in Canine Distemper.

PMID- 19972089
TI  - Inhibition of Hemolysis by the Serum of cancerous Individuals.

PMID- 19972090
TI  - The Relation of the Bordet-Gengou Bacillus to the Lesion of Pertussis.

PMID- 19972091
TI  - Morphological Changes in Tissues with Change in Environment. Changes in the Gall
      Bladder following autoplastic Transplantation into the gastro-intestinal Tract.

PMID- 19972092
TI  - The morbid Histology of the cardiac nervous Ganglia.

PMID- 19972093
TI  - A Group of Mice with exceptional Resistance to Mouse Carcinoma.

PMID- 19972095
TI  - Meningitis in an Infant caused by the Typhoid Bacillus.

PMID- 19972094
TI  - The immunizing Effect on Guinea-Pigs of Small Doses of Diphtheria Toxin.

PMID- 19972096
TI  - An Outbreak of an Acute Disease in Adult Fowls, due to Bact. Pullorum.

PMID- 19972097
TI  - The value of the Macroscopic Agglutination Test in Detecting Fowls that are
      Harboring Bact. Pullorum.

PMID- 19972098
TI  - The Nature of Anaphylaxis, and the Relations between Anaphylaxis and Immunity.

PMID- 19972100
TI  - Endothelioma of Lymph Nodes.

PMID- 19972099
TI  - The Leukocytic Inclusions of Dohle.

PMID- 19972101
TI  - Concerning Secondary Infection in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19972102
TI  - Experimental agglutinative and hemolytic Transfusions.

PMID- 19972103
TI  - Further Studies upon the Leprosy Bacillus. Its Cultivation and Differentiation
      from other Acid-fast Species.

PMID- 19972104
TI  - The experimental Production of Pernicious Anemia in Rabbits.

PMID- 19972105
TI  - Study XIX : Glomerular Lesions in Acute experimental (Uranium) Nephritis in the
      Rabbit.

PMID- 19972107
TI  - The Persistence of B. Abortus, Bang, in the Tissues of inoculated Animals.

PMID- 19972106
TI  - A Typhoid-Like Disease in Rabbits caused by Bacillus Suipesticus, with Particular
      Reference to the Clinical Course and Prophylactic Vaccination.

PMID- 19972109
TI  - Notes on the Biology of the Tubercle Bacillus.

PMID- 19972108
TI  - A Note on the Presence of B. Abortus in Cow's Milk.

PMID- 19972110
TI  - Histogenesis of Multiple Carcinoma of the Skin.

PMID- 19972111
TI  - Studies in Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19972112
TI  - The Complement content of the Blood in malignant Disease.

PMID- 19972113
TI  - The Protein Metabolism in certain tumor-bearing Rats.

PMID- 19972115
TI  - Notes on Complement Fixation in Glanders.

PMID- 19972114
TI  - Factors in the Production and Growth of tumor Metastases.

PMID- 19972116
TI  - A study of Complement Fixation in Syphilis with Treponema Antigens.

PMID- 19972118
TI  - An Investigation of the Origin of Immune Serum Necrosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19972117
TI  - Concerning the Wassermann Reaction with Normal Rabbit Serum.

PMID- 19972119
TI  - The Control of infectious Diseases by protective Inoculation.

PMID- 19972121
TI  - Morphological Changes in Tissue with Changes in Environment. Replacement of
      Surface Epithelium of grafted Tissue by adjacent Epithelium.

PMID- 19972120
TI  - The Effect of different Anesthetics on the Pathology of the Kidney in Acute
      Uranium Nephritis.

PMID- 19972122
TI  - Studies on the Complementary and Antihemolytic Properties of normal Sheep Serum.

PMID- 19972123
TI  - Studies in Metabolism XII: The selective Action of certain Bacteria on Peptone.

PMID- 19972124
TI  - The Association of Tuberculosis and malignant Growths.

PMID- 19972125
TI  - Primary Sarcoma of the Liver of the Rat originating in the Wall of a Parasitic
      Cyst.

PMID- 19972126
TI  - Concerning the Activity and fixability of Complement in Rat Serum.

PMID- 19972127
TI  - The Intravascular Implantation of Rat Tumors.

PMID- 19972128
TI  - Distribution of vital Stains in Animals with Inoculable Tumors.

PMID- 19972130
TI  - The Action of Human Blood Serum on Guinea-Pig Erythrocytes.

PMID- 19972129
TI  - Thrombosis and Occlusion of Lymphatics.

PMID- 19972131
TI  - The Presence of Tubercle Bacilli in the Feces.

PMID- 19972133
TI  - A Study of experimental Nephritis caused by the Salts of tartaric Acid.

PMID- 19972132
TI  - Cultural Amebae. A Study in Variation.

PMID- 19972134
TI  - The Morphology of functional Depression in Nerve Cells and its Significance for
      the Normal and abnormal Physiology of the Cell.

PMID- 19972136
TI  - The Specific Paratuberculous Enteritis of Cattle in America.

PMID- 19972135
TI  - Experimental Streptococcic Arthritis in Monkeys.

PMID- 19972137
TI  - The Relation of Hodgkin's Disease to Lymphosarcoma and Endothelioma.

PMID- 19972138
TI  - Primary Hodgkin's Disease of the Spleen (Dorothy Reed Type).

PMID- 19972139
TI  - Diet Studies in transplantable Tumors : I. The Effect of non-carbohydrate Diet
      upon the Growth of transplantable Sarcoma in Rats.

PMID- 19972140
TI  - V. Desensitization: Its Theoretical and Practical Significance.

PMID- 19972141
TI  - Adenomata of the Islands of Langerhans.

PMID- 19972142
TI  - Some histological Evidences of the Disease Importance of pulmonary Anthracosis.

PMID- 19972143
TI  - Hydropic Condition of Rabbits' Livers.

PMID- 19972144
TI  - A Note on the Occurrence of B. Aerogenes Capsulatus in an Epidemic of Dysentery
      and in the Normal.

PMID- 19972145
TI  - Some bacteriological and environmental Factors in the Pneumonias of Lower Animals
      with Special Reference to the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19972146
TI  - Studies on the Etiology of epizootic Abortion in Mares.

PMID- 19972148
TI  - Concerning experimental Anaphylaxis in Labor.

PMID- 19972147
TI  - A critical Review of the Bacteriology of Human and Rat Leprosy.

PMID- 19972149
TI  - Extensive Pigmentation of the Brain associated with Nevi Pigmentosi of the Skin.

PMID- 19972151
TI  - Estimates of Cholesterol in Serum by Gravimetric and Colorimetric Methods.

PMID- 19972150
TI  - Malignant Rhabdomyoma with Multiple Metastases.

PMID- 19972152
TI  - Giant Cell Endothelioma of the Gums with Observations on the Formation of Giant
      Cells in the same, and in Tuberculosis and Blastomycosis.

PMID- 19972154
TI  - The Histopathology of Fordyce's Disease.

PMID- 19972153
TI  - Notes on the Life Cycle of a Hemogregarine found in a Monitor (Veranus
      Niloticus).

PMID- 19972155
TI  - On the Differentiation of Streptococci; Preliminary Notes.

PMID- 19972156
TI  - The Diphtheroid Bacillus from Leprosy Lesions.

PMID- 19972157
TI  - Notes on a filterable Spirochete from fresh Water. Spirocheta biflexa (new
      Species).

PMID- 19972158
TI  - Concerning the filterability of Spirocheta Duttoni.

PMID- 19972160
TI  - Degeneration of the Islands of Langerhans associated with experimental Diabetes
      in the Cat.

PMID- 19972159
TI  - The Distribution and Morphology of Spirocheta Duttoni and Spirocheta Kochi in
      experimentally infected Ticks (Ornithodorus Moubata).

PMID- 19972161
TI  - A Study of the Market Butter of Boston.

PMID- 19972163
TI  - Does the internal Administration of Potassium Iodide have any Effect on Thyroid
      Grafts in Guinea-Pigs?

PMID- 19972162
TI  - The Cultivation of a Free Living filterable Spirochete (Spirocheta Elusa; new
      Species). A Preliminary report.

PMID- 19972164
TI  - Leprosy: Flies in Relation to the Transmission of the Disease : (A Preliminary
      Note.).

PMID- 19972166
TI  - Experiments upon Cavity formation and Fever in Tubercular Rabbits.

PMID- 19972165
TI  - Serological Investigations in Typhus Exanthematicus.

PMID- 19972167
TI  - An experimental Study of the Relation of Bile to Ulceration of the Mucous
      Membrane of the Stomach.

PMID- 19972168
TI  - A statistical Study of the Normal growth, Atrophy and Hypertrophy of the Middle
      Coat of the Radial Artery.

PMID- 19972169
TI  - Neuroblastomata: with a Study of a Case illustrating the Three Types that arise
      from the sympathetic System.

PMID- 19972170
TI  - Studies in Anaphylaxis : VI. A Study of the cellular Theory by the Graphic
      Method.

PMID- 19972172
TI  - The Effect of Quinine on Rabbits inoculated with Rabies : (A Preliminary
      report.).

PMID- 19972171
TI  - Coccidioides Immitis and Coccidioidal Granuloma.

PMID- 19972173
TI  - The Incidence and Inheritability of spontaneous tumors in Mice : (Second report.
      ).

PMID- 19972174
TI  - Studies in Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19972175
TI  - A glomerular and arterial Lesion produced in Rabbits' Kidneys by Diphtheria
      Toxin.

PMID- 19972176
TI  - Lipo-Amyloid Degeneration.

PMID- 19972177
TI  - Serum Cholesterol and the Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19972178
TI  - A Study of the Influence of Splenectomy and of certain Organs and Organ extracts
      on the Hemopsonins of the Blood Serum.

PMID- 19972179
TI  - Some Experiments in Anaphylaxis with the Lipoids of the Tubercle Bacillus.

PMID- 19972180
TI  - The Staining of Yeasts by Gram's Method.

PMID- 19972181
TI  - The Primary spontaneous tumors of the Lungs in Mice : Fourth Communication.

PMID- 19972182
TI  - Notes on two "atoxic" Strains of Diphtheria Bacilli.

PMID- 19972183
TI  - A Cholesterin-Heart Antigen proposed by Walker and Swift.

PMID- 19972184
TI  - The Reaction of the Guinea-Pig to the Virus of Typhus Fever.

PMID- 19972185
TI  - An Attempt to immunize Guinea-Pigs against Tuberculosis by the use of graduated,
      repeated Doses of Living Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19972187
TI  - Observations on Hemolysin Production by the Streptococci.

PMID- 19972186
TI  - On the Classification of the Streptococci.

PMID- 19972189
TI  - Studies on the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid : I. Introduction.

PMID- 19972188
TI  - New Serum and Liver Substances as Levuloses in Trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 19972190
TI  - Studies on Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. No. V : The Drainage of Intra-Ocular Fluids.

PMID- 19972191
TI  - Studies on Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. No. VI : The establishment of Drainage of Intra
      Ocular and Intracranial Fluids into the Venous System.

PMID- 19972192
TI  - Studies on Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. No. VII : The analogous Processes of the
      cerebral and Ocular Fluids.

PMID- 19972193
TI  - Studies on Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. No. II : The Theories of Drainage of Cerebro
      Spinal Fluid with an Analysis of the Methods of Investigation.

PMID- 19972194
TI  - Studies on Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. No. III : The pathways of escape from the
      Subarachnoid Spaces with particular reference to the Arachnoid Villi.

PMID- 19972196
TI  - Reliability of Dogs as Subjects for experimental Nephritis.

PMID- 19972195
TI  - Studies on Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. No. IV : The dual Source of Cerebro-Spinal
      Fluid.

PMID- 19972198
TI  - The Endotrypanum of Hoffman's Sloth.

PMID- 19972197
TI  - Recent studies in the Pathology of thrombo-angiitis Obliterans.

PMID- 19972199
TI  - Studies upon Anaphylaxis and its Relationship to Immunity : Study I. The so
      called Incubation Period in transferred Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19972201
TI  - Experimental Polyneuritis : Effects of Exclusive Diet of Wheat Flour, in the Form
      of Ordinary Bread, on Fowls.

PMID- 19972200
TI  - A Comparative Study of the growth of Normal Mouse Carcinoma and of Mouse
      Carcinoma with an experimentally decreased Virulence.

PMID- 19972202
TI  - Experimental Study of the Chicken as a Possible Typhoid Carrier.

PMID- 19972203
TI  - Early Aneurism of the Aorta : (Report of a Case.).

PMID- 19972204
TI  - A new medium for the Cultivation of Chick Tissues in Vitro, with some Additions
      to the Technic.

PMID- 19972205
TI  - The Inter-Relationship of Dry Pleurisy, Pleurisy with Effusion, and Empyema.

PMID- 19972206
TI  - Experimental arterial Disease in Rabbits.

PMID- 19972207
TI  - On the Nature and Importance of Kidney Lesions in Psychopathic Subjects: a Study
      of One Hundred Cases autopsied at the Boston State Hospital.

PMID- 19972208
TI  - The Small Kidney, with Special reference to the new formation of Tubules.

PMID- 19972210
TI  - Colloidal Silver with Lecithin, in the Treatment of Malignant tumors.

PMID- 19972209
TI  - The Pathological Anatomy of the Pancreas in Diabetes.

PMID- 19972211
TI  - The significance of Bacteria cultivated from the Human Cadaver: a Second Series
      of One Hundred Cases of Mental Disease, with Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid
      Cultures and Clinical and Histological Correlations.

PMID- 19972212
TI  - On the protective value of aqueous extract (Hiss) of Leucocytes in Acute
      Infections in Animals.

PMID- 19972213
TI  - On the Therapeutic use of aqueous extract of Leucocytes (Hiss) in lobar
      Pneumonia.

PMID- 19972214
TI  - Nodular Endarteritis of the Aorta about the Intercostal Arteries.

PMID- 19972215
TI  - The Reaction of Cows' Milk modified for Infant Feeding.

PMID- 19972216
TI  - A Study of Streptococci isolated from certain presumably milk-borne Epidemics of
      Tonsillitis occurring in Massachusetts in 1913 and 1914.

PMID- 19972217
TI  - Agglutination Affinities of a Pathogenic Bacillus from Fowls (Fowl Typhoid)
      (Bacterium Sanguinarium, Moore) with the Typhoid Bacillus of Man.

PMID- 19972218
TI  - The pathogenic Action of the Fowl Typhoid Bacillus with Special reference to
      certain Toxins.

PMID- 19972220
TI  - Notes on Attenuation of Virus in the Blood of Cholera Hogs to prepare a Vaccine.

PMID- 19972219
TI  - A Note on the Relation between B. Pullorum (Rettger) and the Fowl Typhoid
      Bacillus (Moore).

PMID- 19972221
TI  - Arteritis Syphilitica Obliterans : A Pathological report of several Cases of
      complete Occlusion of Large Arteries - Aorta, Carotid, and Subclavian, in which
      Syphilis was the causative Factor.

PMID- 19972223
TI  - Studies of the Basal Metabolism in Obesity and Pituitary Disease.

PMID- 19972222
TI  - Studies in Anaphylaxis: XIII. The Activation of Antibody by the Cell.

PMID- 19972224
TI  - The Incidence and Inheritability of spontaneous Cancer in Mice : (Third report.).

PMID- 19972225
TI  - Fatty Degeneration of the Intima of Arteries.

PMID- 19972226
TI  - Lipase studies: I. On the Ester-Splitting Faculty of Normal Tissues.

PMID- 19972228
TI  - The experimental Production of Lesions, Erosions, and Acute Ulcers in the
      duodenal Mucosa of Dogs by repeated Injections of Ephinephrin.

PMID- 19972227
TI  - Lipase studies: II. On experimental Chloroform Necrosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19972229
TI  - The Importance of Inflammation in the Immunity of Mice to implanted tumor.

PMID- 19972231
TI  - Note on an enlarged Thyroid occurring in an Elasmobranch Fish (Squalus sucklii).

PMID- 19972230
TI  - Atypical Hemorrhagic Malignant Hepatoma. A Histological Study.

PMID- 19972232
TI  - Promitosis in tumor Cells.

PMID- 19972234
TI  - The Effect of Phosphorus Poisoning upon the Peroxidase Reaction of the Rabbit's
      Liver.

PMID- 19972233
TI  - The Local Action of Lead.

PMID- 19972235
TI  - The Influence of Removal of the Adrenals and one-sided Thyroidectomy upon the
      Gastric and duodenal Mucosa; the experimental Production of Lesions, Erosions,
      and Acute Ulcers.

PMID- 19972236
TI  - Studies in Diphtheroids: I : The Nature and Clinical Importance of Pseudo
      Diphtheria Bacilli.

PMID- 19972237
TI  - Studies in Diphtheroids: II: Source of Pseudo-Diphtheria Forms in the Body.
      Experiments on Mutation.

PMID- 19972238
TI  - The tumors of the Japanese waltzing Mouse and of its Hybrids.

PMID- 19972239
TI  - On tumors of the Parathyroid Glands.

PMID- 19972240
TI  - The splitting of the Elastic Fibers in Arteries.

PMID- 19972241
TI  - The Preservation of Reagents used in the Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19972242
TI  - Isolation, Identification, and Serum Reactions of Typhoid and Paratyphoid
      Bacilli.

PMID- 19972243
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of the Kidneys, with Secondary Perirenal Hemorrhage, in Acute
      Toxic Nephritis.

PMID- 19972244
TI  - The Pyrogenic Action of Bacillus Typhosus.

PMID- 19972245
TI  - A Study of the Effect of Anaphylaxis and Leech extract on the Coagulation of the
      Blood.

PMID- 19972246
TI  - The Anatomical and Histological Expression of increased Resistance towards
      Tuberculosis in Cattle Following the intravenous Injection of Human and
      attenuated Bovine Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19972247
TI  - The Comparative Pathology of the tracheal and bronchial Lesions produced in Man
      by B. Pertussis (Whooping-Cough) and those produced in Dogs by B. Bronchisepticus
      (Canine Distemper).

PMID- 19972248
TI  - Cell Enzymes and Energesis in Relation to Cancer.

PMID- 19972249
TI  - The Neurocytology of Surgical Shock : III. The Morphological identity of the
      remote Purkinje Cell changes with those of Natural Senility.

PMID- 19972250
TI  - Thyroid and Circulatory changes Following experimental Ligation of the Thyroid
      Vessels.

PMID- 19972251
TI  - A cutaneous Infection caused by a new Fungus, Phialophora Verrucosa, with a Study
      of the Fungus.

PMID- 19972252
TI  - The Vaccination of Cattle against Tuberculosis.-III : The occasional Persistence
      of the Human Type of Tubercle Bacillus in Cattle.

PMID- 19972253
TI  - A Study of experimental Diabetes in the Canine and its Relation to Human
      Diabetes.

PMID- 19972255
TI  - The Cholesterol Content of Cerebrospinal Fluid.

PMID- 19972254
TI  - Concerning the filterability of Trypanosomes.

PMID- 19972256
TI  - The Action of Benzol : I. On the significance of Myeloid Metaplasia of the
      Spleen.

PMID- 19972257
TI  - The Blood-Picture of Healthy Rhesus Monkeys.

PMID- 19972258
TI  - A Study of the Scharlach R Reaction and of allied Forms of epithelial
      Proliferation.

PMID- 19972259
TI  - Primary melano-sarcoma of the Adrenals.

PMID- 19972261
TI  - Vascular changes Following intravenous Injections of Fat and Cholesterin.

PMID- 19972260
TI  - A Histological Study of the internal secretory Glands in Mice bearing spontaneous
      tumors.

PMID- 19972262
TI  - Spontaneous Primary tumors of the Liver in Mice : Studies on the Incidence and
      inheritability of spontaneous tumors in Mice (Sixth Communication.).

PMID- 19972263
TI  - The Influence of Exposure to X-rays upon the formation of Antibodies.

PMID- 19972264
TI  - The Effect of Injections of Benzol upon the Production of Antibodies.

PMID- 19972265
TI  - Studies in experimental Transfusion.

PMID- 19972266
TI  - A Bacteriological Study of an Epidemic of septic Sore Throat.

PMID- 19972267
TI  - A Method of producing Tetanus Toxin.

PMID- 19972268
TI  - Further Investigations into the Etiology of the Protozoan Disease of Turkeys
      known as Blackhead, Entero-Hepatitis, Typhlitis, etc.

PMID- 19972269
TI  - The Blastophthoric Effect of Chronic Lead Poisoning : I. Introduction. Clinical
      and experimental observations from the Literature.

PMID- 19972270
TI  - A direct Reading Potentiometer for Measuring and Recording both the actual and
      the Total Reaction of Solutions.

PMID- 19972271
TI  - The Effect of Antiplatelet Serum on Blood Platelets and the experimental
      Production of Purpura Hemorrhagica.

PMID- 19972272
TI  - Morphological changes in Tissues with changes in Environment: III. Gastric Mucous
      Membrane implanted into the Intestine.

PMID- 19972273
TI  - Lipase studies: III. On Acid Production in the Tissues with especial reference to
      Uranium Nephritis.

PMID- 19972274
TI  - The Complement Fixation Reactions of the Bordet-Gengou Bacillus.

PMID- 19972275
TI  - Further experimental studies on the inheritance of susceptibility to a
      Transplantable tumor, Carcinoma (J. W. A.) of the Japanese waltzing Mouse.

PMID- 19972276
TI  - Old Age in Relation to Cell-Overgrowth and Cancer.

PMID- 19972277
TI  - The Accumulation of anisotropic Fats in interstitial Cells of the Kidney.

PMID- 19972278
TI  - Tissue Reactions in experimental Hypercholesterinemia.

PMID- 19972279
TI  - The Maintenance of Virulence of Bacillus Abortivus Equinus.

PMID- 19972280
TI  - An unique Lesion of the Heart in systemic Blastomycosis.

PMID- 19972282
TI  - Immune-Reactions against tumor growth in Animals with spontaneous tumors.

PMID- 19972281
TI  - The Effect of Temperature upon the Clotting Time (Prothrombin time) of Oxalated
      Plasma with Calcium.

PMID- 19972283
TI  - The colloidal Gold precipitating Substance in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Paresis.

PMID- 19972285
TI  - The Etiology of Rocky Mountain spotted Fever : (A Preliminary report.).

PMID- 19972284
TI  - A Comparison of the Natural Hemolytic Activity of fresh Human Sera against Guinea
      Pig and Sheep Erythrocytes.

PMID- 19972286
TI  - The Etiology of Scarlet Fever : (A Preliminary report.).

PMID- 19972287
TI  - Studies in Infarction: IV. Experimental bland Infarction of the Myocardium,
      Myocardial Regeneration and Cicatrization.

PMID- 19972288
TI  - Superficial Fatty Streaks of Arteries: an experimental Study.

PMID- 19972289
TI  - Bacteria associated with certain types of abnormal Lymph Glands.

PMID- 19972290
TI  - A Study of the Involutional changes which occur in the Adrenal Cortex during
      Infancy.

PMID- 19972291
TI  - Glioma of the Cerebellum with Metastases.

PMID- 19972292
TI  - The Antagonistic Action of Negative Sera upon the Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19972293
TI  - Notes on the Histo-Pathology of the Intestines in Young Chicks infected with
      Bacterium Pullorum.

PMID- 19972294
TI  - The Agglutination Reaction with Sera derived from Human Cases of Leprosy and from
      the experimental Animal upon various Members of the acid-fast Group.

PMID- 19972295
TI  - A simplified Method of producing a potent Precipitin Serum.

PMID- 19972296
TI  - A Pathological Study of the naturally acquired Chronic Nephropathy of the Dog :
      Part I.

PMID- 19972297
TI  - A Pathological and Physiological Study of the naturally Nephropathic Kidney of
      the Dog, rendered acutely Nephropathic by Uranium or by an Anesthetic : Part II.

PMID- 19972298
TI  - Blood Lipase in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19972299
TI  - Toxic Lesions of the Adrenal Gland and their Repair.

PMID- 19972300
TI  - A Study of Acidosis in Three Normal Subjects, with Incidental observations on the
      Action of Alcohol as an Antiketogenic Agent.

PMID- 19972301
TI  - Changes in the Superior Cervical sympathetic Ganglia removed for the Relief of
      Exophthalmos.

PMID- 19972302
TI  - The Bacteriological Aspect of the Abderhalden Test.

PMID- 19972304
TI  - The Organic Depression of the Nerve Cell produced by prolonged ether Anesthesia.

PMID- 19972303
TI  - The Cytological Analysis of Shock.

PMID- 19972305
TI  - A Note on experimental Nephropathy from some Bacterial Poisons.

PMID- 19972306
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid-Enteritidis Group : I. Xylose Fermentation for the
      Differentiation of B. Paratyphosus "A" from other Members of the Paratyphoid
      Enteritidis Group.

PMID- 19972307
TI  - Double Primary Abdominal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19972308
TI  - Studies on the use of brilliant Green and a modified Endo's medium in the
      Isolation of Bacillus Typhosus from Feces.

PMID- 19972309
TI  - The Classification of Streptococci.

PMID- 19972311
TI  - Is Bact. Abortus (Bang) Pathogenic for Human Beings?

PMID- 19972310
TI  - The Iodine Content of Foods.

PMID- 19972312
TI  - Injection of Hemoglobin in Man and its Relation to Blood Destruction, with
      especial reference to the Anemias.

PMID- 19972314
TI  - Studies in Immunity to Tuberculosis : Experimental studies on the cutaneous
      Reaction to Tuberculo-Protein. First Paper-Factors Governing the Reaction.

PMID- 19972313
TI  - Fracture of Arteries.

PMID- 19972315
TI  - A Fluid Enrichment medium for the Isolation of Typhoid Bacilli from Stools.

PMID- 19972316
TI  - Lipoma Myxomatodes.

PMID- 19972317
TI  - The Etiology of Rocky Mountain spotted Fever : Occurrence of the Parasite in the
      Tick. (Second Preliminary report.).

PMID- 19972318
TI  - Studies in Immunity to Tuberculosis : The Anaphylactic State in its Relation to
      Resistance to Tuberculous Infection and Tuberculous Disease. An experimental
      Study.

PMID- 19972319
TI  - Studies in Immunity to Tuberculosis : Concerning the General Tuberculin Reaction.

PMID- 19972321
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid-Enteritidis Group : II. Observations on the Reaction
      in Litmus Milk as a Method of Biological Differentation.

PMID- 19972320
TI  - Endameba Buccalis in the Mouths of institutional Children.

PMID- 19972322
TI  - The Action of Benzol : II. The Deuterophase of the Diphasic Leucopenia and
      Antigen-Antibody Reaction.

PMID- 19972324
TI  - Lipase studies: IV. On regional Lipolytic Activity in the Normal Human Brain.

PMID- 19972323
TI  - The Action of Benzol : III. The Urinary Phenols with Special reference to the
      Diphasic Leucopenia.

PMID- 19972325
TI  - Studies on the Circulation : 1. The Effect of Disease on the Renal arterial Bed.
      2. The Capacity of the Coronary Arteries as related to the Weight and Age of the
      Heart.

PMID- 19972326
TI  - Concerning the use of Mallory's Connective Tissue Stain as an Indicator of the
      Character of Thyroid Colloid.

PMID- 19972327
TI  - Spontaneous Infection in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19972328
TI  - Hyaline Degeneration of Arteries.

PMID- 19972329
TI  - Sugar Content of the Blood and Spinal Fluid of insane Subjects.

PMID- 19972330
TI  - The Etiology of Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19972331
TI  - The oxidizing Ferment of the Myelocyte Series of Cells and its Demonstration by
      an Alphanaphthol-Pyronin Method.

PMID- 19972332
TI  - The Pathology, Bacteriology, and Serology of Coccidioidal Granuloma, with a
      report of two additional Cases.

PMID- 19972333
TI  - Crystalline Hyalin.

PMID- 19972334
TI  - Concerning the Presence in the Blood of the Bacteria of Secondary Infection in
      Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19972336
TI  - The Effect on the Jejunal Mucosa of Exposure to the Gastric Juice.

PMID- 19972335
TI  - The Isolation of the Bacteria of Secondary Infection from the Sputum in Pulmonary
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19972337
TI  - The Path of Involvement in Ascending Infection of the Urinary Tract.

PMID- 19972338
TI  - Adenoma-Formation in the Stomach of Rabbits by Feeding with Lanolin.

PMID- 19972339
TI  - The Production of Kidney Lesions with Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins.

PMID- 19972340
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid-Enteritidis Group : III. Some cultural Characteristics
      and their Relation to Host-Origin.

PMID- 19972341
TI  - The Reaction of the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid in the Psychoses.

PMID- 19972342
TI  - Study I: Studies on Staphylococcus Pyogenes Aureus, Albus and Citreus, and on
      Micrococcus Tetragenus and M. Catarrhalis.

PMID- 19972343
TI  - Study II: Studies of a Diphtheroid Organism isolated from the Sputum of Patients
      with bronchial Asthma.

PMID- 19972344
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid-Enteriditis, Typhoid, Dysentery, and Colon Groups : I.
      Preliminary Communication on Inosite Fermentation.

PMID- 19972345
TI  - Aortic Aneurysms in Dogs with the report of Six Cases.

PMID- 19972346
TI  - The Classification of the Parasitic Amebae of Man.

PMID- 19972348
TI  - The Argyrophilic Granules of the sympathetic Nervous System.

PMID- 19972347
TI  - A Comparative Study of Bacterium Pullorum (Rettger) and Bacterium Sanguinarium
      (Moore).

PMID- 19972349
TI  - The Fate of Micrococcus Aureus introduced into the Blood Stream of Dogs.

PMID- 19972350
TI  - Study III: Studies on the Sensitization of Patients with Bronchial Asthma to
      Bacterial Proteins as demonstrated by the Skin Reaction and the Methods employed
      in the Preparation of these Proteins.

PMID- 19972351
TI  - Study IV: Studies on the Sensitization of Patients with Bronchial Asthma to the
      different Proteins Found in the Dandruff of the Horse and in the Hair of the Cat
      and the Dog and to the Sera of these Animals.

PMID- 19972352
TI  - Study V: Studies on the Sensitization of Patients with Bronchial Asthma to the
      different Proteins in Wheat and to the Whole Protein of Wheat, Corn, Rice,
      Barley, Rye, and Oat.

PMID- 19972353
TI  - An Anatomical Study of Fifteen Cases of Acute Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19972354
TI  - Cultural and Antigenic Differences in Strains of Bacillus Typhosus and studies in
      the Paratyphoid Group.

PMID- 19972355
TI  - Bacteriological observations in experimental Poliomyelitis of Monkeys.

PMID- 19972356
TI  - A Case of Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma Primary in the Uterus.

PMID- 19972357
TI  - The Influence of Serum upon the Staining of Bacteria in Suspensions.

PMID- 19972358
TI  - Some Morphological Effects of prolonged Inanition.

PMID- 19972359
TI  - The part played by the Goblet Cells in Protozoan Infections of the Intestinal
      Tract.

PMID- 19972360
TI  - Acute Mercury Poisoning : A Parallel Histological and Chemical Study of the Renal
      and Hepatic Tissue changes as compared with the Rapidity of Absorption and the
      Amount of Mercury Present in the circulating Blood at the Time such changes
      Occur.

PMID- 19972361
TI  - The Classification of Streptococci.

PMID- 19972362
TI  - Arthritis Deformans as an infectious Disease : An experimental and Clinical Study
      from the Carnegie Laboratory (University and Bellevue Medical College) and the
      Montefiore Home and Hospital for Chronic Diseases.

PMID- 19972363
TI  - Observations on the formation of Giant Cells in Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19972364
TI  - Study X: Studies on the Sensitization of Patients with Bronchial Asthma to the
      Proteins in Animal, Fruit, and Vegetable Foods.

PMID- 19972366
TI  - Study XII: Complement Fixation and Precipitin Reactions with the Serum of
      Bronchial Asthmatics who are sensitive to the Proteins of Wheat, Horse Dandruff,
      Cat Hair, and Bacteria, using these Proteins as Antigens, and the cutaneous
      Reaction as an Index of Sensitization.

PMID- 19972365
TI  - Study XI: Studies on the Sensitization of Patients with Bronchial Asthma to the
      various Pollens.

PMID- 19972367
TI  - Progressive Muscular Ossification (Progressive ossifying Myositis)-A Progressive
      Anomaly of Osteogenesis.

PMID- 19972368
TI  - Hypertrophic Chondrodystrophy in Infancy and Adolescence-A Progressive Anomaly of
      Osteogenesis.

PMID- 19972370
TI  - Neuroblastoma : With report of a Case.

PMID- 19972369
TI  - Study XIII: The Relationship between the Cutaneous Reaction, Serum Agglutination
      Tests and Bacteriological Examination of the Sputum and Nasal Secretions in
      determining the part Staphylococcus Pyogenes Aureus and Albus may play in the
      cause of Bronchial Asthma.

PMID- 19972371
TI  - Studies on the Circulation of the Kidney in Relation to Architecture and Function
      of the Organ in Health and Disease : (First Communication.).

PMID- 19972373
TI  - The Physiological significance of the Anatomical changes produced in Nerve Cells
      by the Toxin of B. Diphtheriae.

PMID- 19972372
TI  - A new Pathogenic Sporotrichum: Found in a Case of Acute Arthritis of the Knee
      Following Injury (Sporotrichum Councilmani).

PMID- 19972374
TI  - The Spleen as a Bacterial Filter.

PMID- 19972376
TI  - A Study of the Microorganisms of Dental Caries.

PMID- 19972375
TI  - Study XIV: The Treatment of Patients with Bronchial Asthma with subcutaneous
      Injections of the Proteins to which they are sensitive.

PMID- 19972377
TI  - Studies in Calcification by the use of Vital Dyes.

PMID- 19972379
TI  - A selective medium for the Isolation of B. Pestis from contaminated Plague
      Lesions and observations on the growth of B. Pestis on Autoclaved Nutrient Agar.

PMID- 19972378
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid-Enteritidis Group : IV. The Differentiation of the
      Members of the Paratyphoid-Enteritidis Group from B. Typhosus with Special
      reference to Anaerogenic Strains and observations on the fermentative
      Characteristics of the Avian Types.

PMID- 19972380
TI  - Periarteritis Nodosa.

PMID- 19972382
TI  - Studies upon the Common House-Fly (Musca Domestica, Linn): II. The Isolation of
      B. Cuniculicida, a Hitherto unreported Isolation.

PMID- 19972381
TI  - Studies upon the Common House-Fly (Musca Domestica, Linn): I. A General Study of
      the Bacteriology of the House-Fly in the District of Columbia.

PMID- 19972383
TI  - The Production of Acute and Chronic Kidney Lesions with Bacillus Mucosus
      Capsulatus.

PMID- 19972385
TI  - The Preparation of Hemoglobin for Clinical Investigations.

PMID- 19972384
TI  - Phagocytosis in Vivo under various Conditions.

PMID- 19972386
TI  - Myeloma with Metastasis to Liver and Spleen.

PMID- 19972387
TI  - The Problem of Acid-Fast Organisms in distilled Water.

PMID- 19972388
TI  - Study XV: The Treatment with Bacterial Vaccines of Bronchial Asthmatics who are
      not Sensitive to Proteins.

PMID- 19972389
TI  - Observations Regarding the Erythrocytic Origin of Blood Platelets.

PMID- 19972391
TI  - The Fate of Staphylococcus Pyogenes Aureus Introduced Intravenously into Actively
      Immunized Dogs; and of Killed Bacteria introduced Intravenously into Normal Dogs.

PMID- 19972390
TI  - On the Factors which determine the Movements of Tissues in Culture Media.

PMID- 19972392
TI  - Wassermann Reaction with Diabetic Sera.

PMID- 19972393
TI  - Facts Disclosed in a Study of the Presence of Bact. Abortus (Bang) in Milk by
      Means of the Agglutination Test.

PMID- 19972394
TI  - The Action of Benzol : IV. Spontaneous Infections with Special Reference to the
      Diphasic Leucopenia (Rabbit).

PMID- 19972395
TI  - A Triple-Sugar Modification of the Russell Double-Sugar Medium.

PMID- 19972396
TI  - Further Investigations on Auto and Homoioplastic Transplantation of Kidney
      Tissue.

PMID- 19972397
TI  - Phagocytosis of Bacteria in the excised Spleen after Perfusion with Locke's
      Solution.

PMID- 19972398
TI  - The Fate of Bacterial Spores in the Animal Body.

PMID- 19972399
TI  - The Glycerine Bouillon Reaction Curve of Tubercle: Bacilli as recorded by the
      Bovie Potentiometer.

PMID- 19972400
TI  - Study XVI: The Sensitization of Hay Fever and Asthmatic Patients to the Proteins
      found in the different Parts of Plants and to the Individual Proteins of the
      Cereals.

PMID- 19972401
TI  - Study XVII: A Comparison between the Cutaneous and the Intradermal Tests in the
      Sensitization of Asthmatic and Hay Fever Patients.

PMID- 19972403
TI  - A Rapid Method for the Determination of Pneumococcus Types.

PMID- 19972402
TI  - A Fatal Disease of the Japanese Waltzing Mouse caused by a Spore-Bearing Bacillus
      (Bacillus Piliformis, N. SP.).

PMID- 19972404
TI  - An Ereptic Ferment in Rabbit Leucocytes.

PMID- 19972406
TI  - Is there any Quantitative Relationship between Antigen Dose and Antibody
      Production?

PMID- 19972405
TI  - The Organization of Blood Clots after Auto, Homoio, and Heterotransplantation.

PMID- 19972407
TI  - A Comparative Study of Infantile Paralysis, Animal Distemper, and its related
      Diseases.

PMID- 19972408
TI  - The Etiology of Granuloma Inguinale.

PMID- 19972409
TI  - A Quantitative Study of Regeneration in the Uterus of the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19972410
TI  - A Method for Producing a Rapid Immunity to Pneumococci.

PMID- 19972411
TI  - Immunity and Tissue Transplantation: I. The Reactions Occurring about Tissue
      transplanted into Heterologous Animals.

PMID- 19972412
TI  - The Etiology and Pathology of Rocky Mountain spotted Fever : (Third Preliminary
      Report.) The Occurrence of the Parasite and the Pathology of the Disease in Man.
      Additional Notes on the Parasite.

PMID- 19972413
TI  - Bacteriological Examination for Meningococcus Carriers.

PMID- 19972415
TI  - Successive Transplantation of Thyroid Tissue into the Same Host.

PMID- 19972414
TI  - Auto and Homoiotransplantation of the Uterus in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19972416
TI  - The Bactericidal Action of Arsenical Compounds on Experimentally produced
      Streptococcic Septicemias.

PMID- 19972418
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid-Enteritidis Group : V. The Correlation of Cultural and
      Agglutination Results, with Special Reference to B. Paratyphosus "B" and B.
      Cholerae Suis.

PMID- 19972417
TI  - Further Studies of the Influence of Parathyroidectomy on the Gastrointestinal
      Mucosa of Dogs and Rabbits.

PMID- 19972419
TI  - An Anatomical Study of Senescence in Dogs, with Especial Reference to the
      Relation of Cellular changes of Age to Tumors.

PMID- 19972421
TI  - Observations on Mitochondria of Tumors.

PMID- 19972420
TI  - Immunity and Tissue Transplantation: II. The Reactions Occurring about Tissue
      transplanted into Homologous Animals.

PMID- 19972422
TI  - The Pathology of Spavin.

PMID- 19972424
TI  - Investigations of Tropical Sunlight, with Special Reference to Photodynamic
      Action.

PMID- 19972423
TI  - A Monostome of the Genus Collyriclum Occurring in the European Sparrow, with
      Observations on the Development of the Ovum.

PMID- 19972425
TI  - The Action of the Extreme Ultra-Violet of Tropical Sunlight on the Complementing
      Power of Serum.

PMID- 19972427
TI  - Immunity and Tissue Transplantation : III. A Comparison of Heterotransplantation
      and Homoiotransplantation.

PMID- 19972426
TI  - Complement Destruction as a Measure of the Effects of Radiation.

PMID- 19972428
TI  - A Simple Method for Blood Cultures.

PMID- 19972430
TI  - Some Unusual Blood Cells in Diseases of Bone Marrow Origin.

PMID- 19972429
TI  - Studies on the Circulation of the Kidney in Relation to Architecture and Function
      of the Organ in Health and Disease : (Second Communication.) Chronic Productive
      (Indurative) Nephritis.

PMID- 19972431
TI  - The Grafting of Tissues into Nearly related Individuals in the Rat, and the Mode
      of Inheritance of Individuality-Differentials.

PMID- 19972433
TI  - The Experimental Production of Lesions, Erosions, and Acute Ulcers in Rabbits, by
      repeated Injections of Pilocarpin and Adrenalin.

PMID- 19972432
TI  - Studies on Bacteriemias in the Agonal Period.

PMID- 19972435
TI  - Congenital Atresia of Esophagus without other Malformation.

PMID- 19972434
TI  - Further Studies on the Importance of the Lymphocyte in Cancer Immunity.

PMID- 19972436
TI  - Degeneration, Senescence, and New Growth.

PMID- 19972437
TI  - The Treatment of Lobar Pneumonia with an Anti-Pneumococcus Serum.

PMID- 19972438
TI  - Immunity and Tissue Transplantation: IV. The Influence of Immune Serum upon the
      Reactions about transplanted Tissues.

PMID- 19972439
TI  - The Properties of Pneumotoxin and its Probable Function in the Pathology of Lobar
      Pneumonia : Studies in Pneumonia: IX.

PMID- 19972441
TI  - Benzidine as a Peroxidase Reagent for Blood Smears and Tissues.

PMID- 19972440
TI  - The Pigmentation of Nerve Cells : I. The Non-Fatty, Melanotic Pigment in the Dog
      and Rabbit produced by Chronic Depression.

PMID- 19972442
TI  - A New Indicator for direct reading of Hydrogen Ion concentration in Growing
      Bacterial Cultures.

PMID- 19972444
TI  - Syngenesioplastic Transplantation of the Thyroid in the Guinea-Pig.

PMID- 19972443
TI  - On Methods of Isolation and Identification of the Members of the Colon-Typhoid
      Group of Bacteria : Late Fermentation of Lactose.

PMID- 19972445
TI  - The Bacteriology of Tuberculous Kidneys.

PMID- 19972446
TI  - Multiple Transplantations of the Thyroid and the Lymphocytic Reaction.

PMID- 19972447
TI  - On the Increased Susceptibility of X-Rayed Guinea-Pigs to Inoculation with
      Tubercle Bacilli.

PMID- 19972449
TI  - A Study of Experimental Organizing Pneumonia.

PMID- 19972448
TI  - A Case of Mucor Infection.

PMID- 19972450
TI  - Brom Cresol Purple and Litmus as Indicators for the Classification of Tubercle
      Bacilli.

PMID- 19972451
TI  - Studies of Uranium Poisoning : I. The Toxicity of Certain Water-Insoluble Salts
      of Uranium.

PMID- 19972453
TI  - Studies of Uranium Poisoning: III. The Question of Renal Tissue Affinity for
      Uranium.

PMID- 19972452
TI  - Studies of Uranium Poisoning: II. The Solubility of Uranium Oxide in Artificial
      and Human Gastric Juice.

PMID- 19972454
TI  - Studies of Uranium Poisoning: IV. The Relation of Acid Intoxication to Nephritis.

PMID- 19972456
TI  - A Simple Method of carrying Meningococcus Cultures.

PMID- 19972455
TI  - An Analysis of the Behavior of Organs after Trans-Plantation in the Rat, and of
      the Power of Resistance of the Constituents of various Organs.

PMID- 19972457
TI  - The Effects of Quartz Ultra-Violet Light on the Rate of division of. Paramecium
      Caudatum.

PMID- 19972458
TI  - The Effects of Fluorite Ultra-Violet Light on the Rate of division of Paramecium
      Caudatum.

PMID- 19972459
TI  - An Approximation of the Value of the Absorption Index of Fluorite Rays in
      Protoplasm.

PMID- 19972460
TI  - The Localization of the Physiological Effects of Radiation within the Cell.

PMID- 19972462
TI  - The Physiological Action of Radiation.

PMID- 19972461
TI  - A Simple Procedure for Study of Bacterial Activity.

PMID- 19972463
TI  - A Study of the Endocardial Lesions developing during Pneumococcus Infection in
      Horses.

PMID- 19972464
TI  - On the Treatment of Giardiasis in Rats with Arsenobenzol.

PMID- 19972465
TI  - The Fate of Typhoid Bacilli injected Intravenously into Normal and Typhoid Immune
      Rabbits.

PMID- 19972466
TI  - Studies on the Gross and Minute Anatomy of the Spleen in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19972467
TI  - An Unusual Diffuse, Indolent Ulceration of the Gut, with Filamentous
      Mycobacteria, following Empyema of the Pleura.

PMID- 19972468
TI  - On Methods of Isolation and Identification of the Members of the Colon-Typhoid
      Group of Bacteria: The Preparation of Milk and Milk-Whey as Culture Medium.

PMID- 19972469
TI  - The Bacteriology of canned Foods.

PMID- 19972470
TI  - The Regulation of the Intestinal Flora of Dogs through Diet.

PMID- 19972472
TI  - The Susceptibility of Naturally Nephropathic Animals to Acute Mercuric Chloride
      Intoxication.

PMID- 19972471
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid-Enteritidis Group : VI. The Separation of a Distinct
      Paratyphoid Group among Strains of Rodent Origin.

PMID- 19972473
TI  - A Bacillus of the Colon Group isolated from Cystitis Urine.

PMID- 19972474
TI  - The Action of Benzol : V. The Diphasic Leucopenia as a Polynuclear Amphophile
      Phenomenon (Rabbit).

PMID- 19972475
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted Fever in the Domestic Rabbit.

PMID- 19972476
TI  - Developmental Phases of the Protozoon of "Blackhead" in Turkeys.

PMID- 19972478
TI  - Preliminary Report of Studies on the Influence of Alcohol and Nicotine upon the
      Ovary.

PMID- 19972477
TI  - Studies on Cirrhosis of the Liver following Intraportal Injection of Toxic
      Substances.

PMID- 19972479
TI  - Senile changes of the Testis and Prostate in Dogs.

PMID- 19972480
TI  - Reactions to Chilling of the Body Surface: Experimental Study of a Possible
      Mechanism for the Excitation of Infections of the Pharynx and Tonsils.

PMID- 19972481
TI  - A Comparative Study of Leishmania Infantum of Infantile Kala Azar and Leptomonas
      (Herpetomonas) Ctenocephali Parasitic in the Gut of the Dog Flea.

PMID- 19972482
TI  - A Study of the Micro-Organisms found in Merchantable canned Foods.

PMID- 19972483
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19972484
TI  - Study XIX. Types of Streptococci found in the Sputum of Bronchial Asthmatics.

PMID- 19972485
TI  - Histological changes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix of the Uterus after
      Radiation.

PMID- 19972486
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland : II. (a) Hypertrophy in
      Autotransplants of the Thyroid Gland. (b) Does a Deficiency in Organ Function
      Influence the Transplantability? (c) Hypertrophy in Multiple Transplants of the
      Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19972487
TI  - The Essential Atrophy of the Pancreas.

PMID- 19972488
TI  - The Pigmentation of Nerve Cells : II. The Lipochrome a Plant Carotinoid Pigment.

PMID- 19972489
TI  - A Quantitative Study of Wound Healing in the Rat : I. Cell Movements and Cell
      Layers during Wound Healing.

PMID- 19972490
TI  - Studies on Endothelial Reactions : (First Paper.) The Macrophages of the Loose
      Connective Tissue.

PMID- 19972491
TI  - A Quantitative Study of Wound Healing in the Rat: II. Cell Growth during Wound
      Healing.

PMID- 19972493
TI  - A Study of the Oxidase Reaction with alpha-Naphthol and Paraphenylenediamine.

PMID- 19972492
TI  - Primary Lymphoblastoma of the Intestine. Report of Three Cases, One with Apparent
      Recovery following Operation. A Plea for a logical Classification of Tumors.

PMID- 19972494
TI  - Report of Three Cases of combined Tumors of the Kidney in Adults.

PMID- 19972495
TI  - Toxic Necrosis and Regeneration of the Acinar Cells of the Pancreas.

PMID- 19972496
TI  - Further Investigations on the Origin of Tumors in Mice : VI. Internal Secretion
      as a Factor in the Origin of Tumors.

PMID- 19972497
TI  - The Blood and Bone Marrow in Yelloe Cross Gas (Mustard Gas) Poisoning: Changes
      produced in the Bone Marrow of Fatal Cases.

PMID- 19972498
TI  - The Growth of Tissues in the Test Tube under experimentally varied conditions
      with special reference to Mitotic Cell Proliferation.

PMID- 19972499
TI  - Studies on Rocky Mountain spotted Fever.

PMID- 19972500
TI  - Amoebae of the Caeca of the Common Fowl and of the Turkey.-Entamoeba Gallinarum,
      SP. N., and Pygolimax Gregariniformis, Gen. et Spec. Nov.

PMID- 19972501
TI  - The Effects of the Administration of Chaparro Amargosa on the Intestinal Protozoa
      of the Turkey.

PMID- 19972502
TI  - Observations on the Transmission of "Blackhead" in Turkeys.-The Common Fowl as a
      Source of Infection.

PMID- 19972503
TI  - The Incidence of Bovine Infection in Tuberculous Meningitis.

PMID- 19972504
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Mechanism of Wound Healing.

PMID- 19972505
TI  - III. Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland : A. The Effect of
      Homoiotoxins on Hypertrophy of the Thyroid. B. Change in Weight in the Host as a
      Factor in Compensatory Hypertrophy. C. Phagocytosis in the Hypertrophic Thyroid
      Gland.

PMID- 19972506
TI  - On differences in the Results of various Kinds of Syngenesioplastic
      Transplantations in Dependence upon the Relationship between Donor and Host.

PMID- 19972508
TI  - The Type Cell of the so-called Dural Endothelioma.

PMID- 19972507
TI  - The Skin Lesion in Measles.

PMID- 19972509
TI  - The Regeneration of Smooth Muscle Cells.

PMID- 19972510
TI  - The Experimental Production of Pneumonia with the Influenza Bacillus of Pfeiffer.

PMID- 19972511
TI  - The Pathological Histology of Tonsils containing Hemolytic Streptococci.

PMID- 19972512
TI  - Precise Titration of Complement.

PMID- 19972513
TI  - The Regeneration of Complement after Radiation or Heating.

PMID- 19972514
TI  - The Action of Benzol : VI. Benzol Vapor Leucopenia (Rabbit).

PMID- 19972515
TI  - Histological changes of the different types of Carcinoma after Exposure to Radium
      Rays.

PMID- 19972516
TI  - Further Studies on the types of Streptococci found in the Sputum of Bronchial
      Asthmatics.

PMID- 19972517
TI  - A Study of Streptococci obtained from the Mouth in Cases of Chorea.

PMID- 19972518
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland : IV. The Influence of
      Iodine on Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19972519
TI  - Behavior of the Influenza Bacillus in Mixed Culture on Hemoglobin-Free Media.

PMID- 19972520
TI  - Lack of Correlation, among Meningococci, between Serological Grouping and Lethal
      Effects on Rabbits.

PMID- 19972521
TI  - Congenital Aneurysm of the Aortic Sinus of Valsalva.

PMID- 19972523
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19972522
TI  - The Life-Cycle changes of the so-called C. Hodgkini, and their Relation to the
      Mutation changes in this Species : Fourth Paper on Diphtheroids.

PMID- 19972524
TI  - An Experimental Study of the Mononuclear Phagocytes of the Lung.

PMID- 19972526
TI  - Studies of the Blood of Normal Monkeys.

PMID- 19972525
TI  - The Removal of Particulate Matter from the Pleura.

PMID- 19972527
TI  - Further Studies in Diphtheroids : Fifth Paper.

PMID- 19972528
TI  - Studies on Bacillus Botulinus.

PMID- 19972529
TI  - Heterotransplantation of Kidney.

PMID- 19972530
TI  - The Development of the Mononuclear Phagocyte of the Lung.

PMID- 19972531
TI  - Leukocytic and Fibroblastic Reactions about transplanted Tissues.

PMID- 19972532
TI  - Autotransplantation and Homoiotransplantation of Cornea, Iris and Lens.

PMID- 19972533
TI  - Tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs with an Experimentally-Produced Endothelial
      Leukocytosis.

PMID- 19972534
TI  - The Migration and Fate of the Mononuclear Phagocyte of the Lung.

PMID- 19972535
TI  - Studies on the Nature of the Action of Non-Specific Protein in Disease Processes
      : I. Typhoid Protein (Dead Typhoid Bacilli) and Soluble Toxin.

PMID- 19972536
TI  - Russell's Fuchsin Bodies.

PMID- 19972537
TI  - Investigation of the Virus of Measles.

PMID- 19972538
TI  - Studies on the Nature of the Action of Nonspecific Protein in Disease Processes :
      II. Horse Serum and Soluble Toxin.

PMID- 19972540
TI  - The Specific Adaptation between Body Fluids and Blood Cells in Invertebrates.

PMID- 19972539
TI  - On the Precipitins in Bloodsera of Arthropods.

PMID- 19972541
TI  - The Pigmentation of Heart Muscle.

PMID- 19972543
TI  - The Tonsils as Foci of Infection.

PMID- 19972542
TI  - A modified McClendon direct reading Potentiometer for use at Varying Room
      Temperatures.

PMID- 19972544
TI  - Note on the Viability of the Meningococcus.

PMID- 19972546
TI  - Comparative Study of the Wassermann and Sachs-Georgi Reactions.

PMID- 19972545
TI  - Relation of Hodgkin's Disease to Sarcoma : With a Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19972547
TI  - Cytological Observations on the Pars Buccalis of the Hypophysis Cerebri of Man,
      Normal and Pathological.

PMID- 19972548
TI  - The Group of Hydrogen Sulphide Producing Bacteria.

PMID- 19972549
TI  - Hyperplasia of the Parathyroids in Human Rickets.

PMID- 19972550
TI  - Growth of B. Influenzae without the Presence of Hemoglobin.

PMID- 19972551
TI  - Trypanosoma Lewisi in Boston Rats.

PMID- 19972552
TI  - The Experimental Production of Functional Hypertrophy in the Nerve Cell.

PMID- 19972553
TI  - The Effect of stored Glycogen upon the Autolysis of Liver Tissue.

PMID- 19972554
TI  - Experimental Pigment Cirrhosis due to Copper and its Relation to Hemochromatosis.

PMID- 19972555
TI  - Heterotransplantation of Lens and Cornea.

PMID- 19972556
TI  - The Purification and Concentration by Desiccation of Hog Cholera Immune Serum.

PMID- 19972558
TI  - Studies of Uranium Poisoning : V. The Influence of Light on Uranium Poisoning in
      Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19972557
TI  - Cloudy Swelling a Process of Stimulation.

PMID- 19972559
TI  - Studies on the Nature of the Action of Non-Specific Protein in Disease Processes
      : III. Non-Specific Proteins and Soluble Toxin (Diphtheria-Tetanus).

PMID- 19972560
TI  - An Experimental Study on the Effects of Protein Injections upon Infections.

PMID- 19972562
TI  - Experimental Testicular Tuberculosis in the Rabbit.

PMID- 19972561
TI  - The Influence of Tuberculin upon the Production of Antibodies.

PMID- 19972563
TI  - Studies on the Paratyphoid - Enteritidis Group : VII. Enteric Infection ("Food
      Poisoning") due to Tapioca Pudding contaminated with B. Cholerae Suis (B.
      Suipestifer).

PMID- 19972564
TI  - Some Observations on the Bacillus of Unna-Ducrey.

PMID- 19972565
TI  - Immunity in Relation to transplanted Tissue.

PMID- 19972567
TI  - The Adaptive changes of Heart Muscle.

PMID- 19972566
TI  - A Cultural Study of Anaerobic Spore-Bearing Bacteria with Strains isolated by the
      Barber Single Cell Technic.

PMID- 19972568
TI  - The Experimental Production of Macrophages in the Circulating Blood.

PMID- 19972569
TI  - A proposed Method for estimating the Capacity of the Left Ventricle of the Heart.

PMID- 19972570
TI  - The Repair and Activation of the Thyroid in the hypophysectomized Tadpole by the
      Parenteral Administration of Fresh Anterior Lobe of the Bovine Hypophysis.

PMID- 19972571
TI  - Periarteritis Nodosa with a Classification of the Pathology.

PMID- 19972572
TI  - Pathological Lesions produced in the Kidney by Small Doses of Mercuric Chloride.

PMID- 19972573
TI  - The Microchemical Distribution of Potassium in Normal Kidneys and in those in
      which Pathological changes have been produced by mercuric Chloride.

PMID- 19972574
TI  - Spontaneous Agglutination of Bacteria in Relation to Variability and to the
      Action of equilibrated Solutions of Electrolytes.

PMID- 19972575
TI  - Lymphoid Metaplasia (Hyperplasia ?) in the Mammalian Bone Marrow.

PMID- 19972576
TI  - Focal Infection - A Bacteriological Study of the Gums in Two Hundred Cases.

PMID- 19972577
TI  - A Group of Virulent, Poison-Producing Diphtheroids, isolated Especially from
      Postscarlatinal and other Cases of Otitis Media.

PMID- 19972578
TI  - The Relation of Hemophages to Antibody Production.

PMID- 19972580
TI  - Fixed-Tissue Phagocytosis.

PMID- 19972579
TI  - The Preparation of Bacterial Antigens.

PMID- 19972582
TI  - The Histology of the Superior Lachrymal Gland in Mental Disease and Defect.

PMID- 19972581
TI  - Sensitization Experiments with the Tubercle Bacillus and its Protein Extracts.

PMID- 19972583
TI  - Quantitative Studies on the Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19972585
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Experimental Pneumonia in the Rabbit.

PMID- 19972584
TI  - The Effect of Splenectomy upon the Production of Antibodies.

PMID- 19972586
TI  - The Mononuclear Phagocytes in Experimental Pneumonia.

PMID- 19972588
TI  - The Relative Fragility of Reticulated Red Corpuscles.

PMID- 19972587
TI  - The Electrolyte Content of the Red Blood Corpuscles. The Findings in Chronic
      Anemia and Polycythemia.

PMID- 19972589
TI  - A New Principle applied to the Staining of the Fibrillary Neuroglia.

PMID- 19972590
TI  - A Stimulating Effect of the Photocytolytic Products of Protoplasm.

PMID- 19972591
TI  - Influence of High Partial Pressures of Oxygen upon Bacterial Cultures.

PMID- 19972592
TI  - Experimental Production of Herpetic Lesions in Organs and Tissues of the Rabbit.

PMID- 19972593
TI  - Transmission of the Virus of Herpes Febrilis along Nerves in experimentally
      infected Rabbits.

PMID- 19972594
TI  - Experimental Herpes Zoster.

PMID- 19972595
TI  - A Method of Demonstrating Experimental Gross Lesions of the Central Nervous
      System.

PMID- 19972596
TI  - Repair of the Liver following the Injection of Chloroform into the Portal System.

PMID- 19972597
TI  - The Cultivation of the Micro-Organisms of Rocky Mountain spotted Fever
      (Dermacentroxenus Rickettsi) and of Typhus (Rickettsia Prowazeki) in Tissue
      Cultures.

PMID- 19972598
TI  - Cor Triloculare Biatriatum with Coarctation of the Aorta and Anomaly of the
      Coronary Arteries.

PMID- 19972599
TI  - Anaphylaxis in the White Rat.

PMID- 19972601
TI  - Cutaneous Hypersensitiveness to Tuberculin in Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19972600
TI  - The lack of identity between the Viruses of Herpes and Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19972602
TI  - A Streptothrix Organism from a Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19972604
TI  - Quantitative Peculiarities of Mixtures of the Virus and Immune Serum of Rocky
      Mountain Spotted Fever.

PMID- 19972603
TI  - The Effects Produced by Injection of B. Histolyticus.

PMID- 19972605
TI  - Studies on Rickettsia-Like Micro-Organisms in Insects.

PMID- 19972607
TI  - Kurloff Bodie in the Blood of Guinea Pigs.

PMID- 19972606
TI  - A Fatal Infection with an Organism of the Proteus Group.

PMID- 19972608
TI  - Congenital Cystic Omenta, Kidneys and Livers in Identical Guinea-Pig Twins.

PMID- 19972609
TI  - Report of a Case of Malignant Endothelioma with Necropsy.

PMID- 19972611
TI  - On the effect of Heat and Cold on Amoebocyte Tissue of Limulus, and on States
      Intermediate between Normal Life and Death produced through Heat.

PMID- 19972610
TI  - Observations on the Influence of the X-ray upon Experimental Syphilis in the
      Rabbit.

PMID- 19972612
TI  - Studies on Hypertension: The Relation of Age to the size of the Heart.

PMID- 19972613
TI  - Lesions of the Aorta associated with Acute Rheumatic Fever, and with Chronic
      Cardiac Disease of Rheumatic Origin.

PMID- 19972614
TI  - Modification of the Capacity for Antibody Production.

PMID- 19972615
TI  - Direct Cultivation of Tubercle Bacilli from Spinal Fluids. Occurrence of Human
      and Bovine Types.

PMID- 19972616
TI  - A Physio-Pathologic Study of the Choroid Plexus with the Report of a Case of
      Villous Hypertrophy.

PMID- 19972617
TI  - A Progressive Staining Method for Mitochondria.

PMID- 19972618
TI  - An Anatomical and Experimental Study of Segmentation of the Myocardium and its
      Relation to the Intercalated Discs.

PMID- 19972619
TI  - Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland : VI. The Effect of
      Feeding Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland on the Hypertrophy of the Thyroid
      Gland in the Guinea Pig.

PMID- 19972620
TI  - A Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Dissecting Aneurysms: A Case of Dissecting
      Mesaortitis (Babes and Mironescu), without Dissecting Aneurysm.

PMID- 19972621
TI  - The Action of Benzol : VII. Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis coincident with
      Marrow Necrosis and Marrow Regeneration (Rabbit).

PMID- 19972622
TI  - The Influence of Diet upon the Liver Injury produced by Carbon Tetrachloride.

PMID- 19972623
TI  - Studies on Wound Healing : I. "First Intention" Healing of Open Wounds and the
      Nature of the Growth Stimulus in the Wound and Cancer.

PMID- 19972624
TI  - The Cultivation of the Vaccine Virus in Vitro : (Preliminary Note).

PMID- 19972625
TI  - Composting of municipal solid waste: Indian  experience.

PMID- 19972627
TI  - Translation of submaximal exercise test responses to exercise prescription using
      the Talk Test.
AB  - The exercise intensity at the Talk Test (TT) has been shown to be highly
      correlated with objective physiological markers, a useful outcome marker in
      patients with heart disease, a useful tool for avoiding exertional ischemia, and
      responsive to both positive and negative changes in exercise capacity. This
      randomized observational study evaluated the ability of the intensity at the TT
      during exercise testing to define absolute training workloads. Sedentary adults
      (n = 14) performed an incremental Balke type exercise test (3.0-3.5 mph at 0%
      grade, +2% grade every 2 minutes). Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion
      (RPE), and TT were evaluated at each stage. Subsequently, the subjects performed
      3 x 20-minute exercise bouts with the workload over the last 10 minutes of each
      bout equal to the absolute intensity at the stage preceding the LP (LP-1), at the
      last positive stage of the TT (LP), and at the first equivocal stage of the TT
      (EQ). During LP-1, LP, and EQ, HR was 140 +/- 23, 151 +/- 20, and 160 +/- 21 bpm,
      or 73 +/- 11, 79 +/- 9, and 82 +/- 9 % HRmax; RPE (CR scale) was 3.6 +/- 1.5, 4.4
      +/- 1.8, and 6.3 +/- 2.2. The TT Score-ranked as 1 = comfortable speech, 2 =
      slightly uncomfortable speech, and 3 = speech not comfortable-was 1.4 +/- 0.5,
      1.8 +/- 0.4, and 2.6 +/- 0.5 LP-1, LP, and at EQ, LP, respectively. The results
      suggest that to prescribe absolute training intensity from the TT and to get
      appropriate HR, RPE, and TT responses in sedentary individuals during training,
      the workload needs to be based on the intensity approximately 1 stage
      (approximately 1.0-1.2 metabolic equivalents) below the LP stage observed during
      an incremental test.

PMID- 19972629
TI  - Findings of scientific misconduct.

PMID- 19972630
TI  - Findings of scientific misconduct.

PMID- 19972628
TI  - Thigh muscle strength in senior athletes and healthy controls.
AB  - Exercise is commonly recommended to counteract aging-related muscle weakness.
      While numerous exercise intervention studies on the elderly have been performed,
      few have included elite senior athletes, such as those who participate in the
      National Senior Games. The extent to which participation in highly competitive
      exercise affects muscle strength is unknown, as well as the extent to which such
      participation mitigates any aging-related strength losses. The purpose of this
      study was to examine isometric thigh muscle strength in selected athletes of the
      National Senior Games and healthy noncompetitive controls of similar age, as well
      as to investigate strength changes with aging in both groups. In all, 95 athletes
      of the Games and 72 healthy controls participated. Of the senior athletes, 43
      were runners, 12 cyclists, and 40 swimmers. Three trials of isometric knee
      flexion and extension strength were collected using a load cell affixed to a
      custom-designed chair. Strength data were normalized to dual-energy x-ray
      absorptiometry-obtained lean mass of the leg. A 3-factor multivariate analysis of
      variance (group x gender x age group) was performed, which included both the
      extension and flexion variables (alpha = 0.05). Athletes exhibited 38% more
      extension strength and 66% more flexion strength than the controls (p < 0.001).
      Strength did not decrease with advancing age in either the athletes or the
      controls (p = 0.345). In conclusion, senior athletes who participate in highly
      competitive exercise have greater strength than healthy aged-matched individuals
      who do not. Neither group displayed the expected strength losses with aging. Our
      subject cohorts, however, were not typical of those over age 65 years because
      individuals with existing health conditions were excluded from the study.

PMID- 19972631
TI  - Findings of research misconduct.

PMID- 19972632
TI  - Findings of research misconduct.

PMID- 19972633
TI  - The role of positron emission tomography imaging of beta-amyloid in patients with
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - One of the hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is amyloid plaque
      deposition in the brain. Although the advent of new therapeutic strategies aimed
      at reducing beta-amyloid burden in the brain is to potentially delay cognitive
      loss, improved methods for amyloid visualization have become more imperative.
      Studies so far have shown that positron emission tomography (PET) has produced
      the greatest strides toward accomplishing this ambitious goal. Several PET
      amyloid imaging ligands have recently been developed and tested in AD patients.
      High amyloid content can be detected in vivo by PET in prodromal AD preceding the
      impairment of functional activity. Hopefully, amyloid imaging may help in the
      early detection of the disease and can be used for evaluating new drug therapies
      in AD. This study provides an overview of recent advances in the development of
      amyloid imaging agents and includes a summary of the clinical significance of
      amyloid imaging.

PMID- 19972634
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of a GE eXplore VISTA system  for quantitative small
      animal PET imaging.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We aim to establish an evaluation platform for the GE eXplore VISTA
      small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner, a dual layer phoswich
      system, by using Monte Carlo simulation. METHODS: We developed a detection model
      based on the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission to realistically
      reproduce the physics of PET, the scanner configuration, and the data collecting
      system of an eXplore VISTA system. For verification purpose, several different
      physical phantoms were simulated to perform evaluation tests, including
      sensitivity, spatial resolution, scatter fraction, and count rate performance,
      which were compared with an actual scanner. After the experimental validation,
      our detection model was applied to assess the quantification loss in the
      reconstructed images associated with photon attenuation, photon scatter, and
      random coincidences. RESULTS: A simulated sensitivity profile as a function of
      18F point source axial position was fitted to the measured results. In terms of
      spatial resolution, agreement was within 10-18% for the point source at various
      locations. The simulated and measured scatter fractions differed by less than 4.3
      and 5.2% for the physical mouse and rat phantoms, respectively. The count rate
      performance of our model was matched by the measured results, up to the peak
      activity concentration of 455 kBq/ml for the mouse-sized phantom and 141 kBq/ml
      for the rat-sized phantom. Finally, we found that photon attenuation is the
      dominant physical degrading factor in quantitative analysis (> 13.4%).
      CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the proposed detection model is able to
      produce realistic data from the eXplore VISTA system with knowing the ground
      truth, thus facilitating its evaluation for small animal PET studies.

PMID- 19972635
TI  - 18F-choline PET/CT physiological distribution and pitfalls  in image
      interpretation: experience in 80 patients with  prostate cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: 18F-choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography
      (CT) is an integral part in restaging of patients with prostate cancer (PC). The
      aim of this study was to describe the whole-body physiologic distribution of 18F
      choline and to discuss some abnormal sites of uptake not related to PC we
      observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty consecutive patients submitted to 18F
      choline PET/CT imaging for primary staging or biochemical recurrence (prostate
      specific antigen rising) after treatment of PC was considered. Whole-body PET/CT
      was acquired approximately 40 min after 18F-choline injection. RESULTS: We
      observed physiological 18F-choline uptake in liver, pancreas, spleen, salivary
      and lachrymal glands and also, owing to renal excretion, in urinary tract. Other
      sites of less intense tracer uptake were bone marrow and intestines. We found
      abnormal and unexpected PET findings in 15 patients (18.7%), not owing to PC
      localizations. The majority of these findings were owing to inflammation (12 of
      15); a case of low grade lymphoma was detected; two patients showed focal brain
      uptake of 18F-choline and were subsequently submitted to magnetic resonance: in
      one a meningioma and in the other a low-grade brain tumour were diagnosed.
      CONCLUSION: Accurate knowledge of the biodistribution of 18F-choline is essential
      for the correct interpretation of PET/CT imaging. CT enables differentiation of
      physiological bowel activity and 18F-choline excretion in the ureters. In our
      series, 18F-choline uptake in benign pathological conditions mainly included
      sites of inflammation; nevertheless, accumulation in tumour deposits not because
      PC cannot be excluded, particularly in the brain, where correlative imaging with
      magnetic resonance is of the utmost importance.

PMID- 19972636
TI  - Risk factors for endoparasitism in dogs:  retrospective case-control study of 
      6578 veterinary teaching hospital cases.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic utility of routine faecal examinations can be greatly
      enhanced through an appreciation of risk factors most commonly associated with
      endoparasitism. METHODS: From a sample of 6578 canine patients presenting to a
      veterinary teaching hospital between 1996 and 2006, this study used univariate
      and multi-variable techniques to examine putative signalment, medical history and
      demographic factors predisposing dogs to intestinal parasites. RESULTS: Age and
      median household income were the strongest predictors of endoparasitism. The odds
      of a patient being diagnosed with endoparasites were 0.82 times smaller for every
      1 year increase in age (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.84) and for every $10,000
      increase in median household income, the odds were 0.86 times lower (OR=0.86, 95%
      CI: 0.83 to 0.89). The variables gender, neuter status, month of diagnosis,
      admitting clinical service and primary diagnosis were not significant predictors.
      Animals that were presented for underlying medical conditions were less likely to
      have parasites and the presence of diarrhoea was associated with 76% lower odds
      of endoparasitism compared to healthy animals (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.90).
      CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for
      parasites in younger patients that live in high population density and low income
      neighbourhoods.

PMID- 19972638
TI  - Clinical conundrum.

PMID- 19972637
TI  - Seizure threshold in a large sample: implications for stimulus dosing strategies
      in bilateral electroconvulsive therapy: a report from CORE.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship of seizure threshold (ST) to age
      and other demographic characteristics in a large sample where ST was determined
      by the dose titration (DT) method. We also compared the resulting stimulation
      levels to estimates predicted by an age-based formula, the half-age (HA) method.
      METHODS: In a multicenter prospective study, patients received a standardized
      course of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression using a brief
      pulse device. The ST was determined at the first treatment using a fixed
      algorithm of stimulations. Subsequent seizures were induced at a level 50% higher
      than the empirically determined ST. We only included data from subjects receiving
      methohexital anesthesia. We correlated ST with demographic and clinical
      characteristics of the sample. The actual dosing levels at the second treatment
      were compared with estimates based on HA. RESULTS: Of the original 531 subjects,
      402 met criteria for the current analysis. The ST was positively correlated with
      age. Male patients had slightly higher ST than female patients. Neither race,
      severity of illness, psychosis, nor use of psychotropic medications affected ST.
      Little variability in titrated ST was observed among our patients. An ST of 40
      ("percent of charge") or lower was found in 97.5% of patients, with either 20 or
      40 in 80% of patients. Ninety-six percent of the patients were treated at the 3
      levels of 15%, 30%, or 60%. Estimated HA stimulus levels offered a wider range of
      choices compared with this particular algorithm used for ST determination at an
      average level of 18% above the determined ST. CONCLUSIONS: Seizure threshold
      correlates strongly with age, whereas there is a weaker relation between ST and
      sex. There was little individual variation of ST determined by the DT method
      among subjects, possibly because of the wide spacing between steps of this
      particular titration algorithm. Half-age estimates were 18% above the empirically
      determined ST. This suggests that the use of the HA estimates at the first
      treatment may result in fewer stimulations compared with the DT method.

PMID- 19972639
TI  - How to...investigate and treat a feather plucking parrot.

PMID- 19972640
TI  - HOTLINE III: KYOTO shows ARBs have efficacy in Asian populations.

PMID- 19972641
TI  - HOTLINE III: End of the line for rolofylline?

PMID- 19972642
TI  - Clinical trial update II: TRITON-TIMI 38 provides reassurance on concomitant use
      of proton pump inhibitors and thienopyridines.

PMID- 19972643
TI  - Obama's research funding boost for medicine.

PMID- 19972644
TI  - Clinical trial update II: Jupiter trial, rosuvastatin has greater efficacy in
      elderly populations.

PMID- 19972645
TI  - Progress in the development of an artificial heart.

PMID- 19972646
TI  - Sleep deprivation and performance in doctors.

PMID- 19972647
TI  - Shot in the arm. H1N1 vaccine is headed to state health departments to ward off
      pandemic's spread, but experts worry about delay.
AB  - While the federal government has been praised for its response to the H1N1 virus,
      HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius was in the hot seat last week when senators
      quized herabout delays in vaccination production. For providers in Chicago, "The
      limitation right now is the vaccine supply. When they get it, they will use it as
      best they can", says Julie Morita, left, who is with the city health department's
      immunization program.

PMID- 19972648
TI  - Still an option. Senate leaders mull public option, may lose support.

PMID- 19972649
TI  - About those Medicare rates...House bill has new provisions to revamp payment.

PMID- 19972650
TI  - Dems target insurer antitrust...as industry, experts give ho-hum response.

PMID- 19972651
TI  - Genetic flaws. Groups have wellness program concerns over GINA.

PMID- 19972652
TI  - Stalled engines. Medicaid, Medicare, commercial payers had little quality change:
      report.

PMID- 19972654
TI  - Pricewaterhouse flap fallout. Groups criticize as AHIP defends findings.

PMID- 19972653
TI  - No dillydallying: Barton. Proposed legislation in response to GAO report on FDA's
      slow debarment.

PMID- 19972655
TI  - Tallahassee tumult. Former CEO sues hospital for more pension pay.

PMID- 19972656
TI  - This might hurt a little. Instead of going to court, healthcare workers should
      head to a flu-shot clinic.

PMID- 19972657
TI  - Dangerous diversion. Keep politics out of H1N1 preparedness debate.

PMID- 19972658
TI  - Dippin' endowments. Despite the market rebound, memories of 2008's dismal returns
      have healthcare execs taking a hard look at portfolios.

PMID- 19972659
TI  - Young people and the media: special issue.

PMID- 19972661
TI  - Just a talking book? Word learning from watching baby videos.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between viewing an infant DVD and expressive
      and receptive language outcomes. Children between 12 and 15 months were randomly
      assigned to view Baby Wordsworth, a DVD highlighting words around the house
      marketed for children beginning at 12 months of age. Viewings took place in home
      settings over 6 weeks. After every 2 weeks and five exposures to the DVD,
      children were assessed on expressive and receptive communication measures.
      Results indicated there was no increased growth on either outcome for children
      who had viewed the DVD as compared to children in the control group, even after
      multiple exposures. After controlling for age, gender, cognitive developmental
      level, income, and parent education, the most significant predictor of vocabulary
      comprehension and production scores was the amount of time children were read to.

PMID- 19972660
TI  - Infant imitation from television using novel touch screen technology.
AB  - Infants learn less from a televised demonstration than from a live demonstration,
      the video deficit effect. The present study employs a novel approach, using touch
      screen technology to examine 15-month olds' transfer of learning. Infants were
      randomly assigned either to within-dimension (2D/2D or 3D/3D) or cross-dimension
      (3D/2D or 2D/3D) conditions. For the within-dimension conditions, an experimenter
      demonstrated an action by pushing avirtual button on a 2D screen or a real button
      on a 3D object. Infants were then given the opportunity to imitate using the same
      screen or object. For the 3D/2D condition, an experimenter demonstrated the
      action on the 3D object, and infants were given the opportunity to reproduce the
      action on a 2D touch screen (and vice versa for the 2D/3D condition). Infants
      produced significantly fewer target actions in the cross-dimension conditions
      than in the within-dimension conditions. These findings have important
      implications for infants' understanding and learning from 2D images and for their
      using 2D media as the basis of actions in the real world.

PMID- 19972662
TI  - TV as storyteller: how exposure to television narratives impacts at-risk
      preschoolers' story knowledge and narrative skills.
AB  - Educational media serve as informal educators within the home by supplementing
      young children's development. Substantial evidence documents the contributions of
      educational television to preschoolers' acquisition of a variety of skills;
      however, television's natural capacity as storyteller and the role it plays in
      preschoolers' early literacy development has been largely overlooked. This study
      examined the effects of viewing different TV program types on 311 at-risk
      preschoolers' story knowledge and narrative skills. Children were assigned to one
      of 4 viewing conditions (i.e. watching up to 40 episodes of a particular program
      type): no viewing; expository; embedded narrative; or traditional narrative.
      Story knowledge scores were higher for those viewing either narrative type. In
      contrast, viewing specific narrative types differentially affected the component
      skills of narrative competence. Story retelling and identification of explicit
      story events were higher after repeat viewing of embedded narratives while
      generating implicit story content was higher after repeat viewing of traditional
      narratives.

PMID- 19972663
TI  - Young children's ability to recognize advertisements in web page designs.
AB  - Identifying what is, and what is not an advertisement is the first step in
      realizing that an advertisement is a marketing message. Children can distinguish
      television advertisements from programmes by about 5 years of age. Although
      previous researchers have investigated television advertising, little attention
      has been given to advertisements in other media, even though other media,
      especially the Internet, have become important channels of marketing to children.
      We showed children printed copies of invented web pages that included
      advertisements, half of which had price information, and asked the children to
      point to whatever they thought was an advertisement. In two experiments we tested
      a total of 401 children, aged 6, 8, 10 and 12 years of age, from the United
      Kingdom and Indonesia. Six-year-olds recognized a quarter of the advertisements,
      8-year-olds recognized half the advertisements, and the 10- and 12-year-olds
      recognized about three-quarters. Only the 10- and 12-year-olds were more likely
      to identify an advertisement when it included a price. We contrast our findings
      with previous results about the identification of television advertising, and
      discuss why children were poorer at recognizing web page advertisements. The
      performance of the children has implications for theories about how children
      develop an understanding of advertising.

PMID- 19972664
TI  - Television alcohol advertising: do children really mean what they say?
AB  - Few studies have investigated children's responses to television alcohol
      advertising. Two separate studies evaluated the appeal of alcohol advertisements
      on children aged 7-10. An exploratory interview study (N = 17) was carried out to
      assess children's verbal responses to both alcohol and non-alcohol advertisements
      and to elicit vocabulary to be used in the second study. Whilst the 7- 8-years
      old children were very positive about the alcohol advertisements, older children
      did not like them, nor did they perceive them to be effective. The second study
      was designed to assess children's implicit knowledge, in view of developmental
      theory that knowledge is not always available for verbal report. This study (N =
      179) used a simple categorization programme on computer. Using this methodology,
      children of all ages liked the alcohol advertisements and perceived them as
      effective. Advertising styles affected popularity with humour, cartoon format or
      the inclusion of an animal, or character increasing the appeal of an
      advertisement. The discussion draws attention to the importance of multiple
      methodologies in eliciting valid and accurate information from children, and to
      policy matters with regard to alcohol advertising regulation.

PMID- 19972665
TI  - The effectiveness of parental communication in modifying the relation between
      food advertising and children's consumption behaviour.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of various types of
      parental communication in modifying children's responses to television food
      advertising. In a combined diary-survey study among 234 parents of 4- to 12-year
      old children, I investigated how different styles of advertising mediation
      (active vs. restrictive) and consumer communication (concept-oriented vs. socio
      oriented) moderated the relation between children's advertising exposure and
      their consumption of advertised energy-dense food products. Interaction analysis
      in regression showed that active advertising mediation (i.e. explaining the
      purpose and nature of advertising), and socio-oriented consumer communication
      (i.e. emphasizing control and restrictions) significantly reduced the impact of
      advertising on children's food consumption. Parental restrictions of advertising
      exposure were only effective among younger children (<8). These results suggest
      that critical discussion about advertising and rule making about consumption are
      most effective in countering the impact of food advertising.

PMID- 19972666
TI  - Exploring the relationship between children's knowledge of text message
      abbreviations and school literacy outcomes.
AB  - This paper presents a study of 88 British 10-12-year-old children's knowledge of
      text message (SMS) abbreviations ('textisms') and how it relates to their school
      literacy attainment. As a measure of textism knowledge, the children were asked
      to compose text messages they might write if they were in each of a set of
      scenarios. Their text messages were coded for types of text abbreviations
      (textisms) used, and the ratio of textisms to total words was calculated to
      indicate density of textism use. The children also completed a short
      questionnaire about their mobile phone use. The ratio of textisms to total words
      used was positively associated with word reading, vocabulary, and phonological
      awareness measures. Moreover, the children's textism use predicted word reading
      ability after controlling for individual differences in age, short-term memory,
      vocabulary, phonological awareness and how long they had owned a mobile phone.
      The nature of the contribution that textism knowledge makes to children's word
      reading attainment is discussed in terms of the notion of increased exposure to
      print, and Crystal's (2006a) notion of ludic language use.

PMID- 19972667
TI  - Electronic mail, a new written-language register: a study with French-speaking
      adolescents.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the linguistic forms
      used by adolescents in electronic mail (e-mail) differ from those used in
      standard written language. The study was conducted in French, a language with a
      deep orthography that has strict, addressee-dependent rules for using second
      person personal pronouns (unfamiliar and familiar forms). Data were collected
      from 80 adolescents ages 12 to 15 in a natural situation where they had to
      introduce themselves by e-mail to two addressees (peer/teacher). Participants
      were divided into two groups (skilled/unskilled in computer-mediated
      communication). Their emails contained a large number of orthographic deviations
      (the most frequent being neographic forms). Participants skilled in computer
      mediated communication (CMC) deviated more than unskilled ones did. The number of
      orthographic deviations was not linked to the participants' standard writing
      ability. The personal-pronoun data clearly showed that adolescents used the
      familiar form of 'you' (tu) to address the peer and the unfamiliar form (vous) to
      address the teacher. We conclude that, for adolescents, e-mail constitutes a
      distinct written-language register. Nevertheless, the e-mail register seems to
      follow the pragmatic rules of standard spoken and written interaction.

PMID- 19972668
TI  - Remote control, umbilical cord and beyond: the mobile phone as a transitional
      object.
AB  - This paper investigates mobile phone use as a medium of inter-generational
      communication. Research on teenage mobile phone use has tended to focus on its
      peer group functionality. In this paper, the mobile phone is examined as a
      transitional object in parent-teen interrelationships. Specifically, drawing on
      ethnographic work conducted in Israel among teenagers between 2000 and 2006, the
      paper focuses on mobile telephones as physical objects that can connect people
      and mediate relationships. It is shown that, for parents and their teenage
      children, the mobile phone is important more for the possibility of communication
      and less for the text or voice conversation it actually carries. Analysis focuses
      also on the role of the mobile phone in enabling inter-generational distance and
      intimacy, attending to the complicated ways in which the mobile phone is employed
      by parents and their teenage children. It is argued that the analysis of mobile
      phone practices needs to take directly into account the specific cultural
      contexts of production and consumption, as culture, technology and family
      mutually shape one another.

PMID- 19972669
TI  - Educational and interpersonal uses of home computers by adolescents with and
      without specific language impairment.
AB  - Many uses of new media entail processing language content, yet little is known
      about the relationship between language ability and media use in young people.
      This study compares educational versus interpersonal uses of home computers in
      adolescents with and without a history of specific language impairment (SLI).
      Participants were 55 17-year-olds with SLI and 72 typically developing peers.
      Measures of frequency and ease of computer use were obtained as well as
      assessments of participants' psycholinguistic skills. Results showed a strong
      preference for interpersonal computer use in both groups. Virtually all
      participants engaged with interpersonal new media, finding them relatively easy
      to use. In contrast, one third of adolescents with SLI did not use educational
      applications during a typical week. Regression analyses revealed that lower
      frequency of educational use was associated with poorer language and literacy
      skills. However, in adolescents with SLI, this association was mediated by
      perceived ease of use. The findings show that language ability contributes to new
      media use and that adolescents with SLI are at a greater risk of low levels of
      engagement with educational technology.

PMID- 19972670
TI  - In their words: connecting on-line weblogs to developmental processes.
AB  - This paper seeks to connect adolescents' communication within on-line weblogs or
      blogs to developmental processes. A total of 195 English language blogs written
      by self-identified 14- to 18-year-olds were selected; three entries from each
      blog were analysed, resulting in a sample of 585 entries. Blogger demographics,
      self-presentation, and blog entries (format, style, content, and tone) were
      coded. The blog authors in our sample were overwhelmingly female and lived within
      the US; the majority were between 15- and 16-years of age. Bloggers utilized
      usernames and userpictures for self-presentation and in addition to gender,
      frequently presented information about their age and location. The majority of
      the entries used text, were narrative and reflective in style, and contained
      themes related to their authors' peers and everyday life. Emotional tone was
      present and entries with romantic, identity, and future-related themes often
      contained emotional tone. Blog authors seemed to be using blogs to create
      narratives and to reflect about the people and events in their lives. Our results
      show that adolescent bloggers project off-line themes to their blogs, suggesting
      that their on-line and off-line contexts are psychologically connected.

PMID- 19972671
TI  - [Low level of ambition for student health in the school law proposition].

PMID- 19972672
TI  - [Bacteriophage therapy revisited].

PMID- 19972673
TI  - To err is expensive. The CMS erroneously paid $54 billion in fiscal 2009, but
      trying to discern what is a legitimate claim isn't easy.
AB  - With the news that $54 billion of the CMS' payments in fiscal 2009 were made in
      error, the administration is set to launch a new effort to hold top officials
      accountable for fixing it. "We need to protect taxpayer dollars because every
      dollar that goes to the wrong recipient or in the wrong amount" is a dollar that
      isn't available to achieve the goals of the given government program, says White
      House budget chief Peter Orszag, left.

PMID- 19972674
TI  - Changes sought. AHA presses for trio of fixes to merged Senate bill.

PMID- 19972675
TI  - Fiscal roadblock. Doc groups vow to lobby hard for SGR fix in Senate.

PMID- 19972676
TI  - Critics pan screenings report. Mammogram policy could boost mortality rates.

PMID- 19972677
TI  - Seeking accountability. New proposal suggests networks to tamp spending.

PMID- 19972678
TI  - Caught in the middle. End-of-life care at issue with new Catholic directives.

PMID- 19972679
TI  - Staying out of it. Colo. attorney general won't probe Exempla deal.

PMID- 19972680
TI  - Big deal for long-term care. Omega to buy 80 facilities now, option for 2011.

PMID- 19972681
TI  - Colo. ends rate banding. Payers: rates will rise; others say hikes just gouging.

PMID- 19972682
TI  - They're just saying no. Lawmakers show that the middle isn't their favorite place
      to meet.

PMID- 19972683
TI  - Not just for show. Missouri's safety efforts preceded IOM report, continue
      quietly today.

PMID- 19972684
TI  - Outpatient outlook. CEO roundtable discussion examines how far the ambulatory
      market has come and where it's going.

PMID- 19972685
TI  - Trusts fail to keep up pace on stroke targets.

PMID- 19972686
TI  - Managers to back labour as fears focus their minds.

PMID- 19972687
TI  - On medicine's gender balance.

PMID- 19972688
TI  - Find your storm troopers.

PMID- 19972689
TI  - Service co-ordination. Out of the wards and on with life.

PMID- 19972690
TI  - Information. Clear and simple takes the daunting out of data.

PMID- 19972691
TI  - Human resources. Bespoke take on a testing time.

PMID- 19972692
TI  - Technology. A language of their own.

PMID- 19972693
TI  - Health check gains mask acute decline.

PMID- 19972694
TI  - Talk about a revolution.

PMID- 19972695
TI  - Deliver healthy and happy staff.

PMID- 19972696
TI  - Inequalities. Think positive about therapies.

PMID- 19972697
TI  - Dentistry. Something to get your teeth into.

PMID- 19972698
TI  - Human resources. Stop procrastination promptly.

PMID- 19972700
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19972699
TI  - Technology. Physician, know your business.

PMID- 19972701
TI  - Tuberculous Synovitis of Knee-joint in which Arthrectomy was performed on Two
      Occasions, a Movable Joint Resulting.

PMID- 19972702
TI  - Caseating Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated by Tuberculin (T.R.) and Fresh Horse
      Serum, both administered by the Mouth.

PMID- 19972703
TI  - Spurious (?) Acromegaly.

PMID- 19972705
TI  - Excision of the Body of the Scapula.

PMID- 19972704
TI  - Lateral Curvature Rapidly Developing in a Boy.

PMID- 19972706
TI  - Multiple Dislocations in a Child, aged 2 weeks, the result of malposition in
      utero.

PMID- 19972707
TI  - Myositis ossificans.

PMID- 19972708
TI  - Sarcoma of Thigh.

PMID- 19972709
TI  - Dislocation of the Patella (? Congenital); Operation; Cure.

PMID- 19972710
TI  - Hermaphroditism, in which the Uterus occupied the Sac of an Inguinal Hernia.

PMID- 19972711
TI  - Angina pectoris with Aortitis.

PMID- 19972713
TI  - Cerebellar Tumour with Proptosis.

PMID- 19972712
TI  - Purpura haemorrhagica with Fatal Result from Cerebral Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19972714
TI  - Fatal Lymphocythaemia in Early Life.

PMID- 19972715
TI  - Multiple Rheumatic Nodules in an Adult.

PMID- 19972716
TI  - Pyo-pericardium Cured by Drainage.

PMID- 19972717
TI  - Fusiform Aneurysm of the Right Common Carotid Artery.

PMID- 19972718
TI  - Cerebellar Atrophy.

PMID- 19972719
TI  - Multiple Tumours of the Skin, of Doubtful Nature.

PMID- 19972721
TI  - A Case, three years and nine months after Complete Excision of the Larynx,
      showing an Improved Method of Speaking.

PMID- 19972720
TI  - Right Hemiplegia and Atrophy of Left Optic Nerve.

PMID- 19972722
TI  - A Case showing the Phonetic Condition after Removal of One Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19972724
TI  - Ascites: Paracentesis performed twenty-five times in one year and three months;
      patient quite well seven years later.

PMID- 19972723
TI  - Two Cases of Lymphangioplasty for the Brawny Arm of Breast Cancer.

PMID- 19972725
TI  - OEdema of Hands and Feet with Mediastinal Affection.

PMID- 19972726
TI  - Haemangiectatic Hypertrophy of the Foot, possibly of Spinal Origin.

PMID- 19972727
TI  - Myxoedema with Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19972728
TI  - Spurious Acromegaly in a Patient suffering from Exophthalmic Goitre, associated
      with a Congenitally High Forehead.

PMID- 19972729
TI  - An Appliance for obtaining Extension of the Spine in the Treatment of Scoliosis
      and Caries.

PMID- 19972730
TI  - Result of Operative Treatment for Chronic Bilateral Empyema of the Frontal,
      Ethmoidal, and Sphenoidal Sinuses.

PMID- 19972731
TI  - Report on Dr. Essex Wynter's Case of Cyanotic Anaemia.

PMID- 19972732
TI  - A Case of Arterio-venous Anastomosis for Senile Gangrene.

PMID- 19972733
TI  - Tumour in Thigh.

PMID- 19972735
TI  - Trigeminal Neuralgia: Excision of the Gasserian Ganglion after unsuccessful
      Intracranial Neurotomy of the Second and Third Divisions of the Fifth Nerve.

PMID- 19972734
TI  - A Case of Leucodermia which died with Symptoms of Addison's Disease, and in which
      Cirrhosis of the Suprarenals was found.

PMID- 19972736
TI  - Hairball in the Stomach.

PMID- 19972738
TI  - Gross Lesion of Post-central Gyrus associated with Astereognosis.

PMID- 19972737
TI  - Rupture of the Upper Cord of the Brachial Plexus at Birth.

PMID- 19972739
TI  - Three Cases of Gout showing Destructive Changes in Bone.

PMID- 19972741
TI  - Aneurysm of the Common Femoral Artery; Excision of Aneurysm and Common Femoral
      Vein.

PMID- 19972740
TI  - A Case in which, for Recurrent Sarcoma, parts of the Femoral Artery and Vein were
      excised.

PMID- 19972742
TI  - Scleroderma.

PMID- 19972743
TI  - Multiple Symmetrical Lipomata.

PMID- 19972744
TI  - Caries of Spine with Clubbing of Fingers and Toes.

PMID- 19972746
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Absence of both Thumbs, &c.

PMID- 19972745
TI  - Multiple Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Sarcoma of the Skin.

PMID- 19972748
TI  - Myopathy.

PMID- 19972747
TI  - Case of Multiple Rheumatic Nodules in an Adult.

PMID- 19972749
TI  - Myxoedema, with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19972750
TI  - Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulders cured by Operation.

PMID- 19972751
TI  - Neuritis of Brachial Plexus, probably resulting from Arthritis of Shoulder-joint.

PMID- 19972752
TI  - Pigmentation with Enlarged Spleen and Leucopenia (? Splenic Anaemia).

PMID- 19972753
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease in Adults.

PMID- 19972754
TI  - Pneumothorax treated by Aspiration under the X-rays: (Abstract.).

PMID- 19972755
TI  - Splenic Polycythaemia with Cyanosis.

PMID- 19972756
TI  - Traumatic Dislocation of Left Hip, replaced by Manipulation Thirteen Months after
      the Injury.

PMID- 19972757
TI  - Arteritis obliterans of the Lower Extremity with Intermittent Claudication
      ("Angina Cruris").

PMID- 19972758
TI  - Amyotonia congenita.

PMID- 19972759
TI  - Methaemoglobinaemia of twelve years' standing.

PMID- 19972760
TI  - Cure of Ascites by Permanent Drainage through the Femoral Ring.

PMID- 19972761
TI  - Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis with Permanent Paralysis of the Diaphragm and
      Abdominal Muscles.

PMID- 19972762
TI  - Gouty Deposit in the Olecranon Bursa.

PMID- 19972763
TI  - Bulbar Paralysis.

PMID- 19972764
TI  - Hepato-splenomegaly with Ascites.

PMID- 19972765
TI  - Ochronosis.

PMID- 19972766
TI  - Polycythaemia, with Enlarged Spleen without Cyanosis, in a girl aged 18.

PMID- 19972767
TI  - Hemihypertrophy.

PMID- 19972768
TI  - Multiple Telangiectases.

PMID- 19972769
TI  - Multiple Hereditary Developmental Angiomata with Recurring Epistaxis.

PMID- 19972770
TI  - Complete Transverse Resection of the Pharynx with Laryngectomy for Carcinoma of
      Posterior Pharyngeal Wall.

PMID- 19972771
TI  - Congenital Absence of Left Pectoral Muscles.

PMID- 19972772
TI  - Meningitis complicating Otitis media, with Lumbar Puncture.

PMID- 19972774
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous Rheumatic Nodules.

PMID- 19972773
TI  - Fatal Acute Illness in a Child from Status lymphaticus.

PMID- 19972775
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Lower Part of the Tibia.

PMID- 19972776
TI  - Report on Dr. Forbee's Case of Gouty Deposit in the Olecranon Bursa.

PMID- 19972777
TI  - Note on Two Cases of Gaertner Infection in Infants.

PMID- 19972778
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Fibula and Outer Half of the Foot.

PMID- 19972779
TI  - Lymphangioma of Face.

PMID- 19972780
TI  - Tumour of Mediastinum (? Hydatid Cyst).

PMID- 19972781
TI  - Old Fracture of Humerus, with Osteo-arthritis of Elbow.

PMID- 19972782
TI  - Old-standing Dislocation of Patella, with Osteo-arthritis of Knee.

PMID- 19972784
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19972783
TI  - Ruptured Aortic Valve.

PMID- 19972785
TI  - Circinate Erythema of two years' duration in a Boy.

PMID- 19972786
TI  - Lichen spinulosus.

PMID- 19972787
TI  - Coccogenic Sycosis.

PMID- 19972789
TI  - Chronic OEdema of the Face.

PMID- 19972788
TI  - Verrucose Naevus.

PMID- 19972790
TI  - Pityriasis rubra pilaris.

PMID- 19972792
TI  - Grouped Comedones in an Infant.

PMID- 19972791
TI  - Lichen planus.

PMID- 19972793
TI  - Erythema.

PMID- 19972794
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972795
TI  - Lichen planus, with some Unusual Features.

PMID- 19972796
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19972797
TI  - Sclerodermia (Morphoea).

PMID- 19972798
TI  - Tuberculosis Developing on the Site of a Vaccination Scar.

PMID- 19972799
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972800
TI  - Urticaria pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19972801
TI  - Pseudo-pelade of Brocq.

PMID- 19972802
TI  - "Dermatitis papillaris capillitii" (Kaposi).

PMID- 19972803
TI  - Mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 19972805
TI  - Lichen plano-pilaris.

PMID- 19972804
TI  - Unusual Case of Pustular Vegetating Dermatitis with Pigmentation Changes in a
      Woman aged 26.

PMID- 19972807
TI  - Lupus erythematosus of the Face, with a Condition of the Fingers simulating
      Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19972806
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972808
TI  - Pigmentation of the Face.

PMID- 19972809
TI  - Lupus erythematosus in a Child.

PMID- 19972810
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Syphilis.

PMID- 19972811
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum in an Adult.

PMID- 19972812
TI  - Tuberculides in a Girl aged 11 years.

PMID- 19972813
TI  - Parakeratosis variegata.

PMID- 19972814
TI  - Erythematous Eruption of Unusual Type.

PMID- 19972815
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 19972816
TI  - X-ray Dermatitis.

PMID- 19972818
TI  - Well-marked Rosacea associated with Phlyctenular Conjunctivitis and Ulceration of
      the Eyes.

PMID- 19972817
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972819
TI  - Prurigo of Hebra.

PMID- 19972820
TI  - Pityriasis rosea.

PMID- 19972821
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum.

PMID- 19972822
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Syphilis with late Cutaneous and Mucous Membrane Lesions
      of the Gummatous or Phagedaenic type.

PMID- 19972823
TI  - Primary Cutaneous Carcinoma of the Chest involving the neighbouring Nerve Areas.

PMID- 19972824
TI  - Fibromata of Skin with developing Neuro-fibroma.

PMID- 19972825
TI  - Microscopical Specimen and Pure Culture of a Yeast derived from a Case of
      Intertriginous Dermatitis of the Cruro-scrotal Region.

PMID- 19972826
TI  - Lupus erythematosus, affecting the hands and feet only.

PMID- 19972827
TI  - Rodent Ulcer treated by the Introduction of Zinc Ions.

PMID- 19972828
TI  - Circinate Erythematous Syphilide.

PMID- 19972829
TI  - Long-standing Pruritus in a Woman aged 22.

PMID- 19972831
TI  - Vegetating Granulomata on the Face.

PMID- 19972830
TI  - Sections of Paraffinoma.

PMID- 19972833
TI  - Two Cases of Favus of the Scalp.

PMID- 19972832
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972834
TI  - Two Cases of Advanced "Keratosis follicularis," associated with Baldness.

PMID- 19972835
TI  - Bazin's Disease (Erythema induratum) in a Young Woman.

PMID- 19972836
TI  - Morphoea in a Woman aged 65.

PMID- 19972838
TI  - Report on Dr. Stowers's Case of Infective Granuloma.

PMID- 19972837
TI  - Erythema induratum (Bazin) in a Woman aged 21, with Positive Ophthalmo-tuberculin
      Reaction.

PMID- 19972839
TI  - Granuloma annulare.

PMID- 19972840
TI  - Acute lichen planus.

PMID- 19972841
TI  - Annular Lichen planus affecting Penis and Forearm.

PMID- 19972842
TI  - Pityriasis rubra pilaris.

PMID- 19972844
TI  - Lichen planus verrucosus treated by Violet Light.

PMID- 19972843
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972845
TI  - Tuberculides.

PMID- 19972846
TI  - Chronic Inflammation and Desquamation of the Lips.

PMID- 19972847
TI  - Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19972848
TI  - Extensive Psoriasis with Suppurating Lesions.

PMID- 19972849
TI  - Sclerodermia and Leucodermia.

PMID- 19972851
TI  - Five Cases of Lupus erythematosus treated by a New Method.

PMID- 19972850
TI  - Telangiectasis of the Cheek.

PMID- 19972852
TI  - Lichen plano-pilaris.

PMID- 19972854
TI  - Ringed Eruption.

PMID- 19972853
TI  - Lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 19972855
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972856
TI  - Leuconychia.

PMID- 19972857
TI  - Multiple Leiomyoma of the Skin.

PMID- 19972859
TI  - Glossitis in a Girl aged 3(1/2).

PMID- 19972858
TI  - Lichen spinulosus, associated with Seborrhoic Dermatitis.

PMID- 19972860
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972861
TI  - Two Cases of Elephantiasis graecorum.

PMID- 19972862
TI  - Senile Warts Developing into Fungating Growths.

PMID- 19972864
TI  - Haemangiectatic Hypertrophy of the Foot, possibly of Spinal Origin.

PMID- 19972863
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972865
TI  - Multiple Lupus vulgaris, following Measles.

PMID- 19972867
TI  - A New Substance for Shielding those Parts of the Scalp which it is not wished to
      expose in the Treatment of Ringworm by means of the X-rays.

PMID- 19972866
TI  - Macular Atrophy of the Scalp.

PMID- 19972868
TI  - Rodent Ulcer of the Ala nasi in a Man aged 36.

PMID- 19972870
TI  - Urticaria pigmentosa.

PMID- 19972869
TI  - Pustular Ringworm of the Horse ("Conglomerate Folliculitis") in a Child.

PMID- 19972871
TI  - Favus in a Mouse.

PMID- 19972872
TI  - Ringed Eruption on the Hand.

PMID- 19972873
TI  - Bilateral Telangiectases of the Trunk with a History of Marked Epistaxis in
      Childhood and recent Rectal Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19972875
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972874
TI  - Infective Granuloma, of Septic Origin.

PMID- 19972877
TI  - Bromide Eruption.

PMID- 19972876
TI  - Acute Scarlatiniform Eruption following the Administration of Small Doses of
      Quinine.

PMID- 19972878
TI  - Effect of X-rays on Mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 19972880
TI  - Chronic X-ray Dermatitis of the Hands; removal of Warts by measured doses of the
      X-rays.

PMID- 19972879
TI  - Lupus, with Unusual Features, suggesting Lupus pernio.

PMID- 19972881
TI  - Nodular "Ringed Eruption".

PMID- 19972882
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972883
TI  - Leprosy.

PMID- 19972885
TI  - Varus nodulosus of Brooke.

PMID- 19972884
TI  - Dermatitis artefacta.

PMID- 19972886
TI  - Folliculitis decalvans (Pseudo-pelade of Brocq).

PMID- 19972887
TI  - Pseudo-xanthoma elasticum of Balzer.

PMID- 19972888
TI  - Unusually Generalized Naevus verrucosus zoniformis.

PMID- 19972889
TI  - Lupus erythematosus affecting the Hands, Ears and Scalp.

PMID- 19972890
TI  - Alopecia areata following Small-spored Ringworm of the Scalp.

PMID- 19972891
TI  - Spreading Telangiectases of the Feet and Legs.

PMID- 19972893
TI  - Morphoea.

PMID- 19972892
TI  - Congenital Pigmentation with Atrophic Scarring, associated with other Congenital
      Abnormalities.

PMID- 19972894
TI  - Multiple Xanthoma of the Face of the Diabetic Type in an Infant.

PMID- 19972895
TI  - Granulomatous Swellings at Left Angle of Mouth and in Right Inguinal Region.

PMID- 19972896
TI  - Disseminated Lupus with Chronic Lymphangitis of the Face and Osteoarthritis of
      the Hands.

PMID- 19972898
TI  - The Future of Electricity in Medicine: (Presidential Address).

PMID- 19972897
TI  - Granuloma annulare.

PMID- 19972899
TI  - Interrupted Currents for Electrical Testing and Treatment.

PMID- 19972901
TI  - Ionic Medication in the Treatment of some Obstinate Cases of Pelvic Disease in
      Women.

PMID- 19972900
TI  - Some Reflections based upon the Work done in the Electrical Department of the
      Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh.

PMID- 19972903
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.": An Address introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19972902
TI  - The X-ray Diagnosis of Renal and Ureteral Calculi.

PMID- 19972904
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972906
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972905
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972907
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972908
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972909
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972911
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972910
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972912
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972914
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972913
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972915
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972916
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnostic Value of the Rontgen Rays in Diseases of the
      Chest.".

PMID- 19972917
TI  - The Treatment of Leukaemia, Exophthalmic Goitre, Sarcoma, &c., by X-rays.

PMID- 19972918
TI  - Fractures of the Scaphoid Bone.

PMID- 19972919
TI  - Gonorrhoeal Warts.

PMID- 19972920
TI  - Plastic Rontgenography.

PMID- 19972921
TI  - The Principles of Ionic Medication.

PMID- 19972922
TI  - Cauterization as an Adjuvant to Radiotherapy.

PMID- 19972923
TI  - The Electrolytic Method of Measuring X-rays.

PMID- 19972924
TI  - A Microscopic Specimen of a Localized Pulsating Growth of the Middle Turbinate
      Body which gave rise to Recurrent Attacks of Dangerous Epistaxis.

PMID- 19972925
TI  - Specimens from Cases of Sarcoma and Cases simulating Sarcoma in the Upper Air
      Passages.

PMID- 19972926
TI  - Mucocele of the Anterior Ethmoidal Cell of the Left Side which was opened from
      the Nose.

PMID- 19972927
TI  - Large Post-nasal Polypus Simulating a Naso-pharyngeal Fibroma growing from the
      Antrum of Highmore.

PMID- 19972928
TI  - Lupus of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19972929
TI  - Laryngeal Paralysis.

PMID- 19972930
TI  - Swelling of the Right Arytaenoid, with Loss of Movement of the Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19972932
TI  - Angeioma of the Right Tonsil.

PMID- 19972931
TI  - Congenital Laryngeal Stridor.

PMID- 19972933
TI  - Laryngeal Disease (? syphilitic).

PMID- 19972935
TI  - Lupoid Ulcer of the Floor of the Vestibule of the Nose.

PMID- 19972934
TI  - Functional Paresis of the Palate and Cords in a Woman aged 23.

PMID- 19972936
TI  - Malignant Growth situated behind the Cricoid Cartilage.

PMID- 19972937
TI  - Septal Deflection in a Phthisical Patient.

PMID- 19972938
TI  - Subcutaneous Induration of the Neck of Uncertain Causation.

PMID- 19972940
TI  - Report of the Morbid Growths Committee.

PMID- 19972939
TI  - Killian's Operation for Chronic Suppuration in the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19972941
TI  - Malignant Growth of the Septum and Naso-pharynx removed by an External
      Osteoplastic Operation.

PMID- 19972942
TI  - Laryngeal Disease.

PMID- 19972943
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19972945
TI  - Photograph showing Remarkable Development of the Orbito-ethmoidal Cells.

PMID- 19972944
TI  - Skiagrams showing the Accessory Sinuses of the Nose.

PMID- 19972946
TI  - Large Post-nasal Polypus removed from a Boy aged 14(1/2).

PMID- 19972948
TI  - Stereoscopic Slide showing well-marked Development of the Orbito-ethmoidal Cells.

PMID- 19972947
TI  - Subglottic Hyperplasia with considerable Narrowing of Tracheal Airway.

PMID- 19972949
TI  - Abscess in the Left Cerebral Frontal Lobe, originating from Suppuration in the
      Left Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19972950
TI  - Four Cases Illustrating the Surgery of the Sphenoidal Sinus.

PMID- 19972951
TI  - Results of Double Frontal Sinus Operation.

PMID- 19972952
TI  - Symmetrical Neoplasms on the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19972953
TI  - Anosmia, Dryness and Crustings of the Nose in a Man aged 30.

PMID- 19972954
TI  - A Case after Operation for Angina Ludovici.

PMID- 19972955
TI  - Marked Deviation of the Septum in a Man.

PMID- 19972956
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Larynx.

PMID- 19972957
TI  - Specimens showing the Pathogenesis of Pachydermia laryngis verrucosa et diffusa.

PMID- 19972958
TI  - Hysteria with very unusual Laryngeal Manifestations.

PMID- 19972959
TI  - Probable Combination of Tuberculosis and Syphilis in the Larynx.

PMID- 19972960
TI  - Large Pedunculated Fibroma (? Fibro-myxoma) removed from the Vault of the Naso
      pharynx of a Boy aged 9.

PMID- 19972961
TI  - Normal and Hypertrophied Pharyngeal Tonsils in Southdown Sheep.

PMID- 19972962
TI  - X-ray Photograph showing a Hajek's Hook in the Right Sphenoidal Sinus.

PMID- 19972963
TI  - Further Notes on the Case of a Woman, aged 27, with almost complete Nasal
      Obstruction on the left side, with inability to clear the Nose.

PMID- 19972964
TI  - supposed Cyst on the Floor of the Right Naris: (With Microscopic Specimen.).

PMID- 19972965
TI  - Nasal Syphilis.

PMID- 19972966
TI  - Diffuse Gummatous Infiltration of the Left Half of the Nose.

PMID- 19972967
TI  - Neoplasm of the Right Tonsil: (With Microscopic Section.).

PMID- 19972969
TI  - Swelling of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19972968
TI  - Pulsating Angeioma of the Nose.

PMID- 19972970
TI  - Atresia of the Naso-pharynx.

PMID- 19972972
TI  - "Bridle" Formation in the Larynx.

PMID- 19972971
TI  - Leprosy of the Larynx.

PMID- 19972973
TI  - Symmetrical Nodules on the Cords of a Boy aged 9.

PMID- 19972974
TI  - Congestion of the Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19972975
TI  - Gumma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19972976
TI  - Paresis of the Right Vocal Cord in a Man aged 40.

PMID- 19972977
TI  - Bilateral Sarcoma of the Upper Maxillae: (With Microscopical Section.).

PMID- 19972979
TI  - A Patient in whom a Small Fibroma had been removed from the Left Vocal Cord:
      (With Microscopical Specimen.).

PMID- 19972978
TI  - Laryngeal Ulceration.

PMID- 19972980
TI  - A (?) New Instrument to Facilitate Intralaryngeal Operations.

PMID- 19972981
TI  - Bilateral Frontal Sinusitis after Operation.

PMID- 19972982
TI  - Two Cases from which a Bleeding Polypus of the Septum had been removed: (With
      Microscopical Specimens.).

PMID- 19972983
TI  - Epithelioma of the Left Tonsil, Faucial Pillar and Uvula.

PMID- 19972984
TI  - A Patient in whom an OEdematous Fibroma had been removed from the Left Vocal
      Cord.

PMID- 19972985
TI  - Fistulous Opening in the Middle Line of the Neck, just above the Hyoid Bone, in a
      Woman, aged 39.

PMID- 19972987
TI  - Ulceration and Destruction of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19972986
TI  - Chronic Suppuration of the Maxillary Antrum treated by Operation through the
      Inferior Meatus.

PMID- 19972988
TI  - Bleeding Polypus of the Nose.

PMID- 19972990
TI  - Chronic Empyema of Left Frontal Sinus operated upon by a Simplified Method of
      Killian's Operation.

PMID- 19972989
TI  - Fibrous Constriction of the Trachea.

PMID- 19972991
TI  - Preparations illustrating Diseases of the Trachea.

PMID- 19972992
TI  - Lipoma or Cystoma of the Neck.

PMID- 19972993
TI  - Tumour of Right Thyroid Lobe.

PMID- 19972995
TI  - Ulceration of the Inferior Turbinated Body.

PMID- 19972994
TI  - A Note on Epiglottis Holders.

PMID- 19972996
TI  - Multiple Hereditary Developmental Angeiomata (Telangiectases), with Recurring
      Haemorrhages.

PMID- 19972997
TI  - Three Cases of Multiple Telangiectases.

PMID- 19972998
TI  - Tumour of Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19972999
TI  - Intranasal Hypertrophy with Sweating of the Nose.

PMID- 19973000
TI  - Syphilitic Pachydermia.

PMID- 19973001
TI  - Proptosis from Distension of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19973003
TI  - Part of the Breast-bone of a Chicken, which had been impacted in the Larynx for
      nearly Forty-eight Hours.

PMID- 19973002
TI  - Extreme Form of Septal Deflection.

PMID- 19973004
TI  - Radiograph of the Nasal Cavities.

PMID- 19973005
TI  - Sections and Drawings illustrating the Pathogenesis of some Forms of Nasal
      Polypi.

PMID- 19973006
TI  - A Universal Laryngeal Forceps for Use by the Direct and Indirect Methods.

PMID- 19973008
TI  - Sarcoma of the Nose, shown after Operation: (With Microscopic Section.).

PMID- 19973007
TI  - Unilateral Paralysis of the Tongue.

PMID- 19973009
TI  - Complete Closure of the Anterior Nares, with partial and progressive Atresia of
      the Naso-pharynx and Oro-pharynx.

PMID- 19973010
TI  - Epithelioma of the Tongue and Fauces, shown after Operation: (With Microscopic
      Specimen.).

PMID- 19973011
TI  - Cases after the Radical Maxillary Antrum Operation, exemplifying simplification
      of the after-treatment.

PMID- 19973012
TI  - Swelling of the Arytaenoid.

PMID- 19973013
TI  - Epithelioma of the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19973014
TI  - A Girl, aged 17, with a genuine Baritone Voice.

PMID- 19973015
TI  - Endothelioma removed from the Hard Palate: (With Specimen.).

PMID- 19973016
TI  - Median Cervical Fistula shown after Operation: (With Microscopic Specimen.).

PMID- 19973017
TI  - Ulceration of the Nose.

PMID- 19973018
TI  - Extensive Epithelioma of the Fauces.

PMID- 19973019
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973021
TI  - Partial Occlusion of both Anterior Nares by a Congenital Cutaneous Web.

PMID- 19973020
TI  - Necrosis of the Arytaenoid Cartilage.

PMID- 19973022
TI  - Extensive Adhesions in Pharynx and Larynx of Syphilitic Origin.

PMID- 19973024
TI  - Case of a Man on whom Thyrotomy had been performed one year and nine months
      before for Tuberculous Laryngitis.

PMID- 19973023
TI  - Endothelioma involving the Lower Part of the Larynx and Pharynx.

PMID- 19973025
TI  - Tonsil apparently composed of a Mass of Papillomata.

PMID- 19973027
TI  - Mucocele of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19973026
TI  - Multiple Telangiectases.

PMID- 19973028
TI  - Venous Angeioma of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19973029
TI  - Leprosy with Lesions in the Nose, Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19973030
TI  - Nasal Obstruction.

PMID- 19973031
TI  - Functional Aphonia in a Male.

PMID- 19973032
TI  - Lupus of the Larynx and Tonsil.

PMID- 19973033
TI  - Functional Aphonia.

PMID- 19973034
TI  - Tumour of the Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19973035
TI  - Extensive Epithelioma of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19973037
TI  - A New Adenotome.

PMID- 19973036
TI  - Intrinsic Laryngeal Neoplasm in a Man aged 75.

PMID- 19973039
TI  - Infiltration of the Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19973038
TI  - An Autograph Letter by Johann Nepomuk Czermak.

PMID- 19973040
TI  - Effects of Long-neglected Adenoids on the Development of the Upper Jaws and Nasal
      Septum.

PMID- 19973042
TI  - Polypoid Growth (Lymphangeioma) of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973041
TI  - Value of the X-rays in sounding and washing out the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19973043
TI  - Thyro-lingual Fistula treated by Electrolysis and Excision: (With Microscopic
      Sections.).

PMID- 19973044
TI  - Intrinsic Neoplasm of the Left Vocal Cord in a Man, aged 76 : (With Microscopic
      Specimen.).

PMID- 19973045
TI  - A Tumour removed from the Naso-pharynx of a Girl aged 11, fifteen weeks after the
      operative removal of Adenoids.

PMID- 19973047
TI  - Subglottic Laryngeal Tumour.

PMID- 19973046
TI  - Extensive Tuberculosis of the Larynx in a Woman aged 40, completely Cicatrized
      after Treatment with the Galvano-cautery and Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19973048
TI  - Infiltration of the Nasal Cavities: (With Microscopic Specimen.).

PMID- 19973050
TI  - Bilateral Swelling of the Septum Nasi.

PMID- 19973049
TI  - Suppurating Haematoma of the Septum Nasi, with a Fistulous Opening in the Gingivo
      labial Recess.

PMID- 19973051
TI  - Bony Outgrowths from the Maxilla and Mandible.

PMID- 19973053
TI  - Growth on the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19973052
TI  - A New Instrument for Passing a Suture through the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19973054
TI  - Cyst on the Floor of the Nose.

PMID- 19973055
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Pansinusitis, in which Killian's Complete Operation was
      performed on the right side and on the Anterior and Inferior Walls only on the
      left side.

PMID- 19973056
TI  - A Series of Stereoscopic Photographs of Patients Operated on by various methods
      for Disease of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19973057
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19973058
TI  - The Pathology and Treatment of Chronic Constipation.

PMID- 19973059
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973060
TI  - Demonstration of the Use of the Kinematograph in Medicine.

PMID- 19973061
TI  - The Acute Suffocative Catarrh of Laennec and other conditions from which it
      should be distinguished: A Typical Case associated with a Peculiar Bacillus.

PMID- 19973062
TI  - A Case of Fatal Acute Ulcerative Colitis, with some Unusual Symptoms.

PMID- 19973063
TI  - Observations upon Phagocytosis carried out by means of Melanin, more especially
      with reference to the part taken by the Leucocytes in Infectious Diseases.

PMID- 19973064
TI  - Preliminary Communication on the Administration of Tuberculin (T.R.) and other
      Vaccines by the Mouth, together with (a) Normal Saline Solution; (b) Fresh Horse
      Serum.

PMID- 19973065
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.": An Address introductory to a
      Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19973066
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973068
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Latham's paper: "The Administration of Tuberculin and other
      Vaccines by the Mouth, together with (a) Normal Saline Solution; (b) Fresh Horse
      Serum".

PMID- 19973067
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973069
TI  - The Tone of Cardiac Muscle.

PMID- 19973070
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973071
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973072
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973074
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973073
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973076
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973075
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973077
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973078
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973079
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973081
TI  - St. Thomas's Hospital.

PMID- 19973080
TI  - A Discussion on "Pneumonia and its Complications.".

PMID- 19973082
TI  - Middlesex Hospital.

PMID- 19973083
TI  - St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

PMID- 19973084
TI  - London Hospital.

PMID- 19973085
TI  - King's College Hospital.

PMID- 19973086
TI  - Westminster Hospital.

PMID- 19973087
TI  - East London Hospital for Children.

PMID- 19973088
TI  - St. George's Hospital.

PMID- 19973089
TI  - Guy's Hospital.

PMID- 19973091
TI  - University College Hospital.

PMID- 19973090
TI  - St. Mary's Hospital.

PMID- 19973092
TI  - Charing Cross Hospital.

PMID- 19973094
TI  - Myatonia Congenita.

PMID- 19973093
TI  - The Pathology of Epilepsy.

PMID- 19973096
TI  - Ischaemic Disturbance of the Right Upper Extremity.

PMID- 19973095
TI  - Muscular Atrophy with Delayed Thermal Sensation.

PMID- 19973097
TI  - Arteritis obliterans of Right Upper Extremity associated with Malformation of
      both Clavicles.

PMID- 19973098
TI  - Functional Trismus.

PMID- 19973099
TI  - Intracranial Tumour.

PMID- 19973100
TI  - Segmental Pan-hypertrophy.

PMID- 19973101
TI  - Huntington's Chorea.

PMID- 19973102
TI  - Disease of the Cervical Vertebrae, with Pressure Symptoms.

PMID- 19973103
TI  - Some Peculiarities of Cerebral Gummata.

PMID- 19973104
TI  - Toxic Affection of Muscles and Lower Neurones.

PMID- 19973105
TI  - The Nervous System of a Dog which suffered from Ataxia and Involuntary Movements.

PMID- 19973106
TI  - A Note upon the Symptomatology of Tumours growing in the Fourth Ventricle.

PMID- 19973107
TI  - A Case of Tubercle of One Sixth Nucleus.

PMID- 19973108
TI  - A Discussion on "Tics.".

PMID- 19973109
TI  - A Discussion on "Tics.".

PMID- 19973110
TI  - A Discussion on "Tics.".

PMID- 19973112
TI  - A Discussion on "Tics.".

PMID- 19973111
TI  - A Discussion on "Tics.".

PMID- 19973113
TI  - A Discussion on "Tics.".

PMID- 19973114
TI  - Haemangiectatic Hypertrophy of the Foot, possibly of Spinal Origin.

PMID- 19973115
TI  - Slowly Progressive Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19973116
TI  - Intermittent Claudication in a Lower Extremity (Angina pedis or Angina cruris)
      from Chronic Arteritis obliterans.

PMID- 19973117
TI  - Cerebellar Ataxy.

PMID- 19973118
TI  - Peroneal Atrophy.

PMID- 19973119
TI  - Tremor of the Right Arm associated with Epilepsy.

PMID- 19973120
TI  - Hemiplegia with Involuntary Movements.

PMID- 19973121
TI  - Extreme Lordosis of two years' standing in a Woman aged 32.

PMID- 19973122
TI  - Primary Spastic Paraplegia illustrating the nature of Schafer's Reflex.

PMID- 19973123
TI  - Amyotonia congenita.

PMID- 19973124
TI  - Amyotonia congenita.

PMID- 19973125
TI  - Wasting of the Small Muscles of the Hand in a Girl aged 20, and her Father, aged
      46.

PMID- 19973127
TI  - Cervical Caries: Operation and Recovery.

PMID- 19973126
TI  - Multiple Neuro-fibromata and Spastic Paraplegia.

PMID- 19973128
TI  - Tabes.

PMID- 19973129
TI  - Cerebral Diplegia (non-congenital) in Children.

PMID- 19973130
TI  - Unusual Vertebral Deformity with Seventh Cervical Ribs.

PMID- 19973131
TI  - Cervical Caries.

PMID- 19973132
TI  - Myopathy.

PMID- 19973133
TI  - Nerve-root Grafting.

PMID- 19973134
TI  - Bulbar Paralysis with unusual position of the Head.

PMID- 19973135
TI  - The Mechanism of Nystagmus.

PMID- 19973137
TI  - Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19973136
TI  - A Note on the Occurrence of Muscle-Spindles in Ocular Muscles.

PMID- 19973138
TI  - Isolated Paresis of Right Serratus Magnus.

PMID- 19973140
TI  - Friedreich's Disease.

PMID- 19973139
TI  - Hereditary Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19973142
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973141
TI  - Locomotor ataxia (two cases).

PMID- 19973144
TI  - Right Hemiplegia following Operation.

PMID- 19973146
TI  - Hemiplegia with Involuntary Movements.

PMID- 19973145
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973148
TI  - Tumour of the Motor Area of the Brain (operated upon).

PMID- 19973147
TI  - Intracranial Tumour.

PMID- 19973149
TI  - Cerebral Degeneration with Changes at the Macula in four members of a family.

PMID- 19973150
TI  - Right-sided Extra-cerebellar Tumour.

PMID- 19973151
TI  - Paralysis agitans.

PMID- 19973152
TI  - A Case of Caesarean Hysterectomy for Traumatic Atresia of the Vagina, the Patient
      having previously undergone a Successful Operation for a Vesico-vaginal Fistula
      due to the same Injury.

PMID- 19973153
TI  - Uterus removed by Wertheim's Method for Advanced Carcinoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19973154
TI  - Report on Dr. Lewers's Specimen: (Shown January 9, 1908.).

PMID- 19973155
TI  - Ovarian Dermoid with Secondary Cysts connected with the Omentum: With
      Pathological Report and Remarks.

PMID- 19973156
TI  - An Epidiascopic Demonstration on "The Physiological Action of the Placenta.".

PMID- 19973157
TI  - Caseating Carcinoma of the Corpus Uteri.

PMID- 19973158
TI  - Haematosalpinx complicating Myoma.

PMID- 19973159
TI  - Melanotic Tumour of the Vulva.

PMID- 19973160
TI  - Placenta diffusa.

PMID- 19973161
TI  - Abdominal Myomectomy during Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973162
TI  - Chorionepithelioma of the Uterus with Extensive Vaginal and Visceral Metastases.

PMID- 19973163
TI  - Pregnancy complicated with large Retroperitoneal and Subligamentous Fibro-myoma.

PMID- 19973164
TI  - A Case of Difficult Labour.

PMID- 19973165
TI  - Uterine Fibroids showing Sarcomatous Degeneration.

PMID- 19973166
TI  - Sarcoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19973167
TI  - Carcinoma invading a Myoma.

PMID- 19973169
TI  - Tumour of Foetal Head.

PMID- 19973168
TI  - Sarcomatous Ovarian Tumour (Perithelioma) coexisting with Carcinoma of the Uterus
      (Ovariotomy; Panhysterectomy).

PMID- 19973170
TI  - A Case of Intra-uterine Death of the Foetus occurring in Six Consecutive
      Pregnancies, with Observations upon the Importance of the Examination of the
      Foetal Tissues for the presence of the Spirochaeta pallida.

PMID- 19973171
TI  - Pregnancy, complicated by a large Cervical Fibroid. Subtotal Hysterectomy at the
      Fourth Month.

PMID- 19973172
TI  - Ovarian Tumour with a foot of adherent Small Intestine successfully removed from
      a Patient aged 58.

PMID- 19973173
TI  - Haematosalpinx with Acute Symptoms following Retroversion of Fibroid Uterus.

PMID- 19973174
TI  - Primary Unilateral Tuberculosis of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19973175
TI  - Three Cases of Caesarean Hysterectomy for Stenosis of the Vagina.

PMID- 19973176
TI  - Pubiotomy, with Notes of an Illustrative Case.

PMID- 19973177
TI  - Creatinin Excretion in Lying-in Women.

PMID- 19973178
TI  - The Supports-in-Chief of the Female Pelvic Viscera.

PMID- 19973180
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973179
TI  - Death of Dr. Cullingworth.

PMID- 19973182
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973181
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973183
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973184
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973185
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973186
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973187
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973188
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973190
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973189
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973191
TI  - Discussion on the subject.

PMID- 19973192
TI  - Womb-stone.

PMID- 19973193
TI  - Two Examples of the Encapsulation of Sterile Fluid in connection with the
      Fallopian Tube and the Ovary.

PMID- 19973194
TI  - Sarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19973195
TI  - Carcinoma of both Ovaries and of the Sigmoid Flexure.

PMID- 19973196
TI  - Large Hydrosalpinx and small Ovarian Cyst simulating Malignant Disease in a Woman
      aged 58.

PMID- 19973198
TI  - Sarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19973197
TI  - Primary Bilateral Papillary Carcinoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19973199
TI  - Pregnancy in the Wall of a Tubal Pus Sac.

PMID- 19973200
TI  - Grape-like Sarcoma of the Cervix Uteri.

PMID- 19973201
TI  - Bilateral Tuberculous Salpingitis, with remarks on the Treatment of Genital
      Tuberculosis in the Female.

PMID- 19973203
TI  - Ovarian Pregnancy associated with an Intra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973202
TI  - Demonstration of an extremely young Human Ovum (Teacher-Bryce Ovum).

PMID- 19973204
TI  - Abdominal Hysterotomy for Chronic Uterine Inversion.

PMID- 19973205
TI  - Menstruation and its Relationship to the Calcium Metabolism.

PMID- 19973206
TI  - Cancer of Cervix in a Woman 26 years of age, treated by High Amputation with the
      Cautery.

PMID- 19973207
TI  - Placenta praevia with Delivery of Complete Gestation Sac at the twenty-eighth
      Week.

PMID- 19973208
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by a Fibroid Tumour showing "Red Degeneration".

PMID- 19973209
TI  - A Paravaginal Fibro-myoma weighing 2(1/2) lb.

PMID- 19973210
TI  - Longitudinal Section of the Cervix of an Infant showing Ectropion of the Cervical
      Mucosa.

PMID- 19973211
TI  - Gastroschisis: Nomenclature and Classification.

PMID- 19973213
TI  - Ovarian Dermoid retained Two Years in Pelvis after obstructing Labour.

PMID- 19973212
TI  - Acquired Atresia of the Introitus and Vagina in the Adult.

PMID- 19973214
TI  - Rupture of an Early Tubal Gestation causing Death within a few Hours.

PMID- 19973215
TI  - An Improved Demonstration Pelvis with attached Foetal Skull for Demonstrating to
      Students the Mechanism of Labour.

PMID- 19973216
TI  - Unilateral Haematometra removed by Operation.

PMID- 19973217
TI  - Pregnant Uterus with Fibroid, the latter in a state of "Red Degeneration.".

PMID- 19973218
TI  - The Supports of the Pelvic Viscera: a Review of Some Recent Contributions to
      Pelvic Anatomy, with a Clinical Introduction.

PMID- 19973219
TI  - A Cancerous Uterus and Glands removed by Wertheim's Method.

PMID- 19973220
TI  - Tubercle of Cervix Uteri.

PMID- 19973221
TI  - A Somewhat Unique Tubal Gestation.

PMID- 19973223
TI  - OEdematous Fibroma of Pelvis.

PMID- 19973222
TI  - A Sarcomatous Ovarian Tumour coexisting with Carcinoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19973225
TI  - Haemorrhage into the Pons varolii as the Immediate Cause of Death in the
      Eclampsia of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973224
TI  - Enucleation during the Seventh Lunar Month of Pregnancy of a Uterine Fibro-myoma.

PMID- 19973226
TI  - Hydrosalpinx with Torsion of the Pedicle.

PMID- 19973228
TI  - A Twisted Inflamed Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19973227
TI  - Bilateral Haemorrhagic Ovarian Cysts.

PMID- 19973229
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19973230
TI  - Notes on the Extraction of an Upper Wisdom Tooth.

PMID- 19973231
TI  - Some Clinical Notes on Pyorrhoea Alveolaris.

PMID- 19973232
TI  - Heredity and Dental Disease.

PMID- 19973233
TI  - A Case of Diffuse Fibromata of the Gums.

PMID- 19973235
TI  - A Difficult Extraction.

PMID- 19973234
TI  - Supernumerary Teeth.

PMID- 19973236
TI  - A Classification of Dento-Facial Irregularities.

PMID- 19973237
TI  - Some Notes on the Growth of the Jaws.

PMID- 19973238
TI  - The Effects of Chronic Suppuration in the Molar of a Horse.

PMID- 19973239
TI  - Specimens Added to the Museum.

PMID- 19973240
TI  - Notes on a Case of Extensive Necrosis of the Mandible.

PMID- 19973241
TI  - The Treatment of Children from the Dental Aspect.

PMID- 19973242
TI  - The Dental Uses of Paraform.

PMID- 19973243
TI  - On the Termination of the Nerves in the Teeth of Mammalia.

PMID- 19973245
TI  - A Case demonstrating a Point in the Treatment of Pyorrhoea.

PMID- 19973244
TI  - Heads and Jaws of the Adult Hemirhamphus; (2) Developmental Defects occurring in
      the Upper Jaw of a Pike (Esox lucius).

PMID- 19973246
TI  - Discussion on Mr. J. F. Colyer's Paper, "The Treatment of Children from the
      Dental Aspect".

PMID- 19973248
TI  - A Contribution to the Study of the Movements of the Mandible.

PMID- 19973247
TI  - The Teeth of Fossil Fishes.

PMID- 19973250
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19973249
TI  - A Case showing Incomplete Eruption of the Temporary Molars.

PMID- 19973251
TI  - Nine Specimens of Fracture through the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19973252
TI  - Lateral Sinus Disease; Operation; Cure.

PMID- 19973253
TI  - Bezold's Mastoid Empyema which Discharged into the Pharynx.

PMID- 19973255
TI  - Unilateral Hysterical Nerve Deafness of Sudden Onset, with Hemianaesthesia and
      other allied Stigmata.

PMID- 19973254
TI  - Injury to the Pharyngeal Portion of the Eustachian Tube from Operative
      Procedures.

PMID- 19973256
TI  - A Deaf Mute, aged 11, apparently regaining her hearing.

PMID- 19973258
TI  - Specimens of Necrosis of the Labyrinth.

PMID- 19973257
TI  - Unilateral Nerve Deafness in an Elderly Man.

PMID- 19973259
TI  - Chronic Eczema of both Auricles and Meatuses with unusual degree of Hyperplasia
      in a Woman aged 43.

PMID- 19973260
TI  - Complete Occlusion of the Posterior Nares with flattening of the Nose externally
      and almost complete Absence of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19973261
TI  - Middle Ear Suppuration; Phlebitis of Lateral Sinus; Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19973263
TI  - Patient operated upon for Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis.

PMID- 19973262
TI  - Patient after operation for Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess occurring in the
      course of a recent Middle Ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19973264
TI  - Preparations from a Case of Right Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess and Left Sigmoid
      Sinus Thrombosis.

PMID- 19973265
TI  - A Case of Infection of the Lateral Sinus; Pneumonia and Pericarditis; Ligature of
      the Jugular Vein; Complete Recovery.

PMID- 19973266
TI  - Stenosis of Right Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19973267
TI  - An Unusual Sequel to the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19973268
TI  - Two Patients after the Mastoid Operation with preservation of the Tympanic
      Membrane and Ossicles.

PMID- 19973269
TI  - Notes on Partial Grafting, with the aid of Local Anaesthesia, in the After
      treatment of the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19973270
TI  - A Patient after Vestibulotomy (Right Ear).

PMID- 19973272
TI  - Notes of a Case of Ablation of both Vestibules for the relief of Vertigo.

PMID- 19973271
TI  - Two Cases of Epithelioma of the Ear: Case I.

PMID- 19973273
TI  - Notes of a Case of Otitic Meningitis, with Histological Specimens of the
      Labyrinth, demonstrating Streptococci in situ.

PMID- 19973274
TI  - Preliminary Note on Cytological Examination of the Discharge in Cases of Middle
      Ear and Maxillary Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19973275
TI  - Demonstration of Specimens.

PMID- 19973277
TI  - Keloid following Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19973276
TI  - Histological Preparations of the Human Cochlea.

PMID- 19973278
TI  - Unusual Case of Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19973279
TI  - Right Temporal Bone showing how Pus may reach Neck without passing through the
      Mastoid Process.

PMID- 19973280
TI  - Meniere's Disease in a Girl, aged 14.

PMID- 19973281
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973282
TI  - Vertigo, the Symptoms pointing to some Inflammatory Lesion within the
      Semicircular Canals.

PMID- 19973283
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis; subsequent Meningitis; Recovery.

PMID- 19973286
TI  - The Operative Surgery of Labyrinthitis, based upon an experience of thirty cases.

PMID- 19973284
TI  - Pulsating Growth in Left External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19973285
TI  - Primary Epithelioma (?) of Tympanum following Chronic Suppurative Otitis media.

PMID- 19973287
TI  - Extirpation of the Labyrinth.

PMID- 19973288
TI  - Foreign Body in the Ear.

PMID- 19973289
TI  - Effect of Treatment in a Case of Sudden Deafness occurring whilst the Patient was
      under Treatment for Tertiary Syphilis.

PMID- 19973290
TI  - Deafness resulting from Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19973291
TI  - Purulent Otitis media with Deep Ulceration of External Meatus in a Case of
      Secondary Syphilis.

PMID- 19973292
TI  - Crossed Abducens Paralysis in a Case of Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19973293
TI  - Branchial Sinus leading into External Auditory Meatus; Sinus Excised.

PMID- 19973294
TI  - Epithelioma of Middle Ear (?Traumatic).

PMID- 19973295
TI  - Suppuration in the Right Labyrinth; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19973296
TI  - Specimens and Photographs of Pathological Conditions found in the Labyrinth.

PMID- 19973297
TI  - Histological Preparations of the Human Labyrinth.

PMID- 19973298
TI  - Specimens of the Temporal Bone illustrating Operations on the Labyrinth.

PMID- 19973300
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19973299
TI  - The Clinical Pathology of Aural Discharges.

PMID- 19973301
TI  - Tuberculous Endocarditis.

PMID- 19973302
TI  - Sarcoma of the Rectum in a Boy, aged 10.

PMID- 19973303
TI  - On the Action of Vesical Calculi upon a Photographic Plate in the Dark.

PMID- 19973304
TI  - Acidosis in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973305
TI  - Three Specimens of the Larvae of Eristalis tenax, passed by the Bowel.

PMID- 19973306
TI  - A Contribution to the Study of the Relationship between Avian and Human
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19973307
TI  - The Influence of the Testis upon the Secondary Sexual Characters of Fowls.

PMID- 19973309
TI  - General Survey.

PMID- 19973308
TI  - A Case of Congenital Defect of the Muscular System (Dystrophia muscularis
      congenita) and its Association with Congenital Talipes equino-varus.

PMID- 19973310
TI  - The Occurrence of Lumina in Malignant Tumours.

PMID- 19973311
TI  - The Significance of Prickle Cells in the Identification of New Growths.

PMID- 19973312
TI  - An Example of Incomplete Glandular Hermaphroditism in the Domestic Fowl.

PMID- 19973313
TI  - Some Experiences with the Tuberculin Ophthalmic Reaction.

PMID- 19973314
TI  - Abscess of Bone caused by an Intermediate Bacillus (P.) allied to B.
      paratyphosus.

PMID- 19973315
TI  - A Case of Macroglossia neurofibromatosa.

PMID- 19973316
TI  - A Remarkable Case of Diffuse Cancellous Osteoma of the Femur, following a
      Fracture, in which similar growths afterwards developed in connection with other
      bones.

PMID- 19973318
TI  - Rubella.

PMID- 19973317
TI  - Poverty and Disease, as illustrated by the Course of Typhus Fever and Phthisis in
      Ireland: (Presidential Address).

PMID- 19973319
TI  - Rubella: its Identity and Etiology.

PMID- 19973320
TI  - Mendelism in Relation to Disease.

PMID- 19973321
TI  - Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973322
TI  - Typhoid Carriers, with an account of Two Institution Outbreaks traced to the same
      "Carrier.".

PMID- 19973323
TI  - The Potential Dangers of Water derived from Wells in the Chalk.

PMID- 19973324
TI  - The Relation of the Bacillus typhosus to Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19973326
TI  - On an Epidemic of Small-pox of Irregular Type in Trinidad during 1902-4.

PMID- 19973325
TI  - General Discussion.

PMID- 19973328
TI  - Medical Inspection in Schools: the Gloucestershire Scheme.

PMID- 19973327
TI  - Preventive Medicine at Panama.

PMID- 19973329
TI  - On the Present Methods of Combating the Plague.

PMID- 19973330
TI  - Protection of India from Invasion by Bubonic Plague.

PMID- 19973331
TI  - The Growth of Malignant Disease in Man and the Lower Animals, with special
      reference to the Vascular System.

PMID- 19973332
TI  - Coxa valga (Collum valgum).

PMID- 19973333
TI  - The Value of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Obscure Abdominal Cases.

PMID- 19973334
TI  - On the Possible Uses of Lumbar Puncture in the Treatment of Otitic Meningitis.

PMID- 19973335
TI  - Sciatica and its Surgical Treatment.

PMID- 19973336
TI  - The Treatment of Ulcerative Proctitis by Zinc Kataphoresis.

PMID- 19973337
TI  - Reduction of an old Subcoracoid Dislocation of the Humerus by Excavating the
      Glenoid Cavity through a Posterior Intermuscular Incision.

PMID- 19973339
TI  - An Analysis of 274 additional cases of Removal of Goitre by Operation.

PMID- 19973338
TI  - Cystic Tumour of the Suprarenal Body successfully removed by Operation, with
      Notes on Cases previously published.

PMID- 19973340
TI  - Case of Severe Compound Fracture of the Arm.

PMID- 19973342
TI  - A Case of Complete Gastrectomy.

PMID- 19973341
TI  - Two Cases of Ununited Fracture treated by planting Small Fragments of Bone
      between the Ends.

PMID- 19973343
TI  - Cases of Cholecystectomy.

PMID- 19973344
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19973345
TI  - Discussion on "The Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia.".

PMID- 19973347
TI  - Discussion on "The Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia.".

PMID- 19973346
TI  - Discussion on "The Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia.".

PMID- 19973348
TI  - Some Tropical Diseases and the Remedies required for their Treatment and
      Prophylaxis: Notes on a Demonstration.

PMID- 19973349
TI  - The Action of Digitalis on the Human Heart: (Abstract.).

PMID- 19973350
TI  - Discussion on "The Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia.".

PMID- 19973351
TI  - Reminiscences of an Apprentice Fifty Years Ago: (Abstract.).

PMID- 19973352
TI  - Arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 19973353
TI  - Nutmeg Poisoning.

PMID- 19973354
TI  - The Therapeutics of Diet: (An Address given at the Annual Conversazione.).

PMID- 19973355
TI  - Hypnotism.

PMID- 19973356
TI  - Remarks on Rheumatism and Chorea in Childhood.

PMID- 19973357
TI  - Discussion on "The Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia.".

PMID- 19973359
TI  - Separation of the Lower Epiphysis of the Femur treated by Screwing.

PMID- 19973358
TI  - Discussion on "The Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia.".

PMID- 19973360
TI  - Demonstration of the use of Bruning's Instrument for the Direct Examination of
      the Larynx, Trachea, and OEsophagus.

PMID- 19973362
TI  - Subsequent Report of a Case of Mediastinal Dermoid and Description of a Specimen
      of the same Disease.

PMID- 19973361
TI  - Two Cases of Juvenile General Paralysis.

PMID- 19973363
TI  - Four Cases of Oxycephaly.

PMID- 19973365
TI  - Congenital Familial Splenomegaly, with Chronic Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19973364
TI  - Two Brothers, one having Diffuse Periostitis of both Tibiae and the other an
      Affection of the Knee, probably due to Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19973366
TI  - Advanced Acromegaly.

PMID- 19973367
TI  - Feet Deformed by Gonorrhoeal Rheumatism.

PMID- 19973368
TI  - Elephantiasis treated by Lymphangioplasty.

PMID- 19973369
TI  - Anaesthetic Leprosy.

PMID- 19973370
TI  - Chronic Swelling of the Fingers.

PMID- 19973371
TI  - Amaurotic Family Idiocy.

PMID- 19973372
TI  - Splenic Infarction-Splenectomy.

PMID- 19973373
TI  - A Simple Appliance for Obtaining and Automatically Maintaining any required
      Pressure above or below that of the Atmosphere, within any closed Cavity
      containing Air.

PMID- 19973374
TI  - Melanotic Growth on Dorsum of Hand with Secondary Glands and Evidence of General
      Dissemination.

PMID- 19973375
TI  - A Patient, five years after Removal of the Splenic Flexure of the Colon for
      Carcinoma, in whom the whole Colon above the Excision was Excluded.

PMID- 19973376
TI  - A Series of Cases of Injury to Peripheral Nerves, with Special Reference to their
      Surgical Treatment.

PMID- 19973378
TI  - Three Cases of Nerve-grafting.

PMID- 19973377
TI  - Traumatic Pulsating Exophthalmos, treated by Ligature of the Common Carotid
      Artery.

PMID- 19973379
TI  - Inflammatory Facial Paralysis: Facial-accessory Anastomosis.

PMID- 19973380
TI  - Musculospiral and Ulnar Paralysis, following Fracture-dislocation of the Upper
      End of the Humerus.

PMID- 19973381
TI  - Nerve-root Grafting.

PMID- 19973382
TI  - Charcot's Disease of the Right Ankle-joint.

PMID- 19973383
TI  - Sarcoma treated with Coley's Fluid.

PMID- 19973384
TI  - Lymphadenoma with Varying Jaundice.

PMID- 19973385
TI  - Perineal Hernia.

PMID- 19973386
TI  - Three Cases illustrating the Treatment of Septicaemia by Vaccine Therapy.

PMID- 19973387
TI  - "Butcher's Streptococcus" Infection.

PMID- 19973388
TI  - Pulmonary Stenosis.

PMID- 19973389
TI  - Infantile Paralysis: Paraplegic Distribution, with Involvement of Abdominal
      Muscles on the Left Side.

PMID- 19973390
TI  - Cure of Ascites by Permanent Drainage through the Femoral Ring.

PMID- 19973391
TI  - Uraemia or Meningitis?

PMID- 19973392
TI  - Pyuria in Pregnancy, with Pyelo-nephritis in the Infant.

PMID- 19973393
TI  - Malignant Tumour in the Spinal Meninges, with Invasion of the Cord; secondary to
      Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland, with other Metastases.

PMID- 19973394
TI  - Subsequent Report on a Case of Perineal Hernia.

PMID- 19973396
TI  - Congenital Dislocation of the Hip at periods varying from five and a half years
      to four and a half years after Manipulative Operation.

PMID- 19973395
TI  - Imbecility of the Mongolian Type.

PMID- 19973397
TI  - A Patient six years after the performance of Omentopexy for Ascites due to
      Cirrhosis of Liver.

PMID- 19973399
TI  - Scleroderma of the Extremities associated with Angioneurotic OEdema.

PMID- 19973400
TI  - Trophoedema following Trauma.

PMID- 19973398
TI  - Gastrostaxis, with Gangrene of Two Fingers of the Right Hand.

PMID- 19973402
TI  - Inherited Congenital Claw Foot shown in Mother and Child.

PMID- 19973401
TI  - Double Infantile Coxa Vara treated by Subtrochanteric Osteotomy.

PMID- 19973403
TI  - Pernicious Anaemia treated by Lactobacillin.

PMID- 19973404
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19973405
TI  - Six Cases of Acute Infective Gangrene of the Extremities.

PMID- 19973407
TI  - Three Coloured Projection Drawings of the Brain, showing the Relations which the
      Internal Structures would have to the Convolutions if the Brain were Transparent.

PMID- 19973406
TI  - Multiple Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19973408
TI  - Demonstration of a simple Method of Serum Diagnosis of Syphilis by the
      "Complement Deviation" Method.

PMID- 19973409
TI  - Paralysis of the Right Spinal Accessory Nerve.

PMID- 19973410
TI  - Old Subcoracoid Dislocation of the Right Shoulder, complicated by Fracture of the
      Upper Third of the Humerus, treated by excavating the Glenoid Cavity through a
      Posterior Intermuscular Incision.

PMID- 19973411
TI  - Inoperable Recurrent Carcinoma of the Breast under Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19973413
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease, with Extreme Secondary Polycythaemia and Orthostatic
      Albuminuria.

PMID- 19973412
TI  - Epithelioma of the Lower Lip under Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19973415
TI  - Pneumococcal Cystitis and Arthritis.

PMID- 19973414
TI  - Arthritis treated by Iodine-lithium Ionization.

PMID- 19973416
TI  - A Case showing Sprengel's Deformity of the Shoulder and Hirschsprung's Disease,
      with definite Rectal Obstruction.

PMID- 19973417
TI  - A Woman three years after Omentopexy and Peritoneal Drainage for Chronic Ascites
      connected with Hepatic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19973418
TI  - Splenectomy for (?) Splenic Anaemia.

PMID- 19973419
TI  - Hernia of Tibialis Anticus Muscle.

PMID- 19973420
TI  - Polycythaemia.

PMID- 19973421
TI  - Pathological Dislocation of Knee corrected by means of Apparatus.

PMID- 19973423
TI  - Polycythaemia.

PMID- 19973422
TI  - The Operation of Cardiolysis illustrated by a Case.

PMID- 19973424
TI  - Splenomegalic Polycythaemia.

PMID- 19973425
TI  - Chronic Purpura.

PMID- 19973426
TI  - Progressive Atrophy of the Muscles supplied by the Brain-stem Nuclei.

PMID- 19973427
TI  - Fracture of Patella resulting from Syphilitic Osteitis.

PMID- 19973428
TI  - Extensive Fracture of the Pelvis; Recovery.

PMID- 19973429
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease treated by Fibrolysin.

PMID- 19973430
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19973431
TI  - Extreme Coxa Vara of Left Leg of Traumatic Origin.

PMID- 19973432
TI  - Ununited Intracapsular Fracture of the Neck of the Femur treated by Screwing,
      with Union.

PMID- 19973433
TI  - Subsequent Report on a Case of Multiple Tumours of the Skin of Doubtful Nature.

PMID- 19973434
TI  - Severe Infantile Paralysis of Right Lower Extremity, with Recovery of Power and
      Substance in Quadriceps after Twelve Years' Atrophy.

PMID- 19973435
TI  - Ascites due to Heart Disease cured by the Talma-Morison Operation.

PMID- 19973436
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19973437
TI  - Penile Hypospadias after Operation.

PMID- 19973439
TI  - So-called Trophoedema of the Left Lower Extremity.

PMID- 19973438
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital OEdema of a Family Type.

PMID- 19973440
TI  - Persistent Hereditary OEdema confined to One Leg.

PMID- 19973441
TI  - General OEdema (Toxic) without Albuminuria.

PMID- 19973442
TI  - Recurrent Swelling of the Left Hand.

PMID- 19973443
TI  - Anomalous OEdema.

PMID- 19973444
TI  - Variable OEdema of Lower Extremities. ? Wandering Thrombosis.

PMID- 19973445
TI  - Anomalous OEdema.

PMID- 19973446
TI  - Foreign Body in a Bronchus with Consolidation of Lung and Purulent Bronchitis.

PMID- 19973447
TI  - Apparent Muscular Hypertrophy following OEdema of the Left Leg (due to Venous
      Thrombosis).

PMID- 19973448
TI  - Mediastinal Form of Lymphadenoma (Hodgkin's Disease) with Extreme so-called
      Pulmonary Hypertrophic Osteo-arthropathy: With a Report on The Histology of the
      Case.

PMID- 19973450
TI  - The Early Diagnosis of Cancer of the Tongue and the Results of Operation in such
      Cases.

PMID- 19973449
TI  - Methods for Recording and Interpreting Graphic Records of the Movements of the
      Circulation.

PMID- 19973451
TI  - Favus of the Glabrous Skin, with Cultures of the Type known as Achorion
      Quinckeanum of Bodin.

PMID- 19973452
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973453
TI  - Photograph of a Mouse with Favus.

PMID- 19973454
TI  - Epithelioma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19973455
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum of most Unusual Extent of Distribution.

PMID- 19973456
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Urticaria pigmentosa?).

PMID- 19973457
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973458
TI  - Recurrent Whitlows and Bullae.

PMID- 19973459
TI  - An Unusual Case of Lichen planus.

PMID- 19973460
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973461
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973462
TI  - The Therapeutic Application of Radium.

PMID- 19973463
TI  - Persistent Eruption of the Hands and Feet (Acrodermatitis perstans).

PMID- 19973464
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19973465
TI  - Multiple Telangiectases.

PMID- 19973466
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973467
TI  - Very Acute Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19973468
TI  - Multiple Comedones in a Child, aged 13 months.

PMID- 19973469
TI  - Mycosis of the Tongue and Nails in a Female Child.

PMID- 19973470
TI  - Erythromelalgia.

PMID- 19973471
TI  - Xanthoma Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19973472
TI  - Granuloma annulare (Celluloma annulare, Pernet).

PMID- 19973473
TI  - Cheilitis Exfoliativa.

PMID- 19973475
TI  - Multiple Haemorrhages into the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue in a Girl aged 10.

PMID- 19973474
TI  - von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19973476
TI  - Generalized Miliary Papular Eruption.

PMID- 19973477
TI  - Spontaneous Disappearance of an Endothelioma (Naevo-xanthoma).

PMID- 19973478
TI  - Psorospermosis Follicularis Vegetans (Darier's Disease).

PMID- 19973479
TI  - Ringworm of the Scalp associated with Baldness.

PMID- 19973480
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra following Psoriasis and associated with Osteo-arthritis in a Man
      aged 37.

PMID- 19973481
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973483
TI  - Leukaemic Nodules in the Skin in a Woman, aged 58.

PMID- 19973482
TI  - Multiple Idiopathic Pigment-Sarcoma (Kaposi).

PMID- 19973484
TI  - Canities in a Young Child.

PMID- 19973485
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis.

PMID- 19973486
TI  - A Series of Cases Treated with Liquid Air, with a Demonstration of the Method of
      Application in a Case of Port-wine Naevus.

PMID- 19973487
TI  - Three Cases of Raised Vascular Naevi cured by Carbon-dioxide Snow.

PMID- 19973489
TI  - Neurotic Excoriations.

PMID- 19973488
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis in a Boy aged 5.

PMID- 19973490
TI  - Acne Scrophulosorum.

PMID- 19973491
TI  - Two Cases of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19973492
TI  - Erythema Gyratum.

PMID- 19973494
TI  - Paget's Disease.

PMID- 19973493
TI  - Cultures of Trichophyton Rosaceum from Two Cases of Tinea Barbae.

PMID- 19973496
TI  - A Peculiar Form of Elephantiasis.

PMID- 19973495
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum in a Girl aged 20.

PMID- 19973497
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus chiefly affecting the Scalp.

PMID- 19973499
TI  - President's Valedictory Address.

PMID- 19973498
TI  - Extensive Acne with Scars and Keloid.

PMID- 19973500
TI  - Dermatitis Factitia.

PMID- 19973501
TI  - On Multiple Inflammatory Nodules of the Hypoderm.

PMID- 19973502
TI  - Arsenical Pigmentation with Hyperkeratosis of the Palms and Soles.

PMID- 19973504
TI  - Vascular Naevus of Unusual Type.

PMID- 19973503
TI  - Acne Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19973505
TI  - Syphilitic Eruption in a Man, with Psoriasis.

PMID- 19973506
TI  - An Unusual Bacillus found in the Lesions of a Case of Rosacea.

PMID- 19973507
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973508
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19973509
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease treated by Fibrolysin.

PMID- 19973510
TI  - Erythema serpens of Morrant Baker, or Erysipeloid of Rosenbach.

PMID- 19973512
TI  - Leprosy treated with a Special Vaccine.

PMID- 19973511
TI  - Acro-dermatitis perstans (Hallopeau) in a Female.

PMID- 19973513
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19973515
TI  - A Further Contribution to the Study of the Endothrix Trichophyta Flora in London,
      illustrated by a collection of Cultures and Photographs.

PMID- 19973514
TI  - Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19973516
TI  - Rhinoscleroma.

PMID- 19973517
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973518
TI  - Two Cases of "Neurotic Excoriations.".

PMID- 19973519
TI  - Trophic Ulcer of the Right Foot, healed by Cataphoresis.

PMID- 19973520
TI  - Case of (?) Erythema exudativum multiforme.

PMID- 19973521
TI  - Morphoea.

PMID- 19973522
TI  - Lichen Planus, showing Toxic Signs after Treatment by Injections of Soamin.

PMID- 19973523
TI  - Syphilis secondaire tardive (Fournier).

PMID- 19973525
TI  - Favus of the Scalp and of the Glabrous Skin.

PMID- 19973524
TI  - Rodent Ulcer of the Left Lower Eyelid.

PMID- 19973526
TI  - Xanthoma Planum.

PMID- 19973527
TI  - Pseudo-pelade (Brocq) or Cicatricial Alopecia, affecting chiefly the Vertex of
      the Scalp.

PMID- 19973528
TI  - Secondary Syphilis in a Man, exhibiting some Unusual Features of the Eruption.

PMID- 19973529
TI  - Urticaria with Pigmentation.

PMID- 19973530
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19973531
TI  - Fragilitas Crinium associated with Knotting of the Hair.

PMID- 19973533
TI  - Psoriasis.

PMID- 19973532
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973535
TI  - Rodent Ulcer cured by Radium in 1904.

PMID- 19973534
TI  - Bromide Eruption.

PMID- 19973536
TI  - Hirsuties in an Infant.

PMID- 19973537
TI  - Pure Culture of Sabouraud's Trichophyton rosaceum obtained from a Case of Beard
      Ringworm.

PMID- 19973538
TI  - Pyodermite vegetante of Hallopeau.

PMID- 19973539
TI  - Xanthoma diabeticorum.

PMID- 19973541
TI  - Lupus erythematosus treated by Zinc Ionization with satisfactory Results.

PMID- 19973540
TI  - Granuloma annulare (?).

PMID- 19973542
TI  - Acquired Syphilis in a Female Child aged 9.

PMID- 19973543
TI  - Lupus erythematosus apparently cured by Zinc Ionization.

PMID- 19973544
TI  - Ringworm of the Scalp due to Microsporon fungus in an Adult.

PMID- 19973545
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis of Unusually Extensive Distribution.

PMID- 19973546
TI  - A Microscopical Specimen of a Mould Fungus obtained in a Scraping from a Case of
      Chronic Dermatitis of the Glans penis.

PMID- 19973547
TI  - Double Zoster of the Face in a Schoolboy.

PMID- 19973548
TI  - Cultures of Achorion Quinckeanum of Bodin from a Case of Mouse Favus affecting
      the Glabrous Skin of the Human Subject.

PMID- 19973549
TI  - Trophic Lesions in a Boy aged 4.

PMID- 19973551
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973550
TI  - Urticaria pigmentosa in a Girl aged 10.

PMID- 19973552
TI  - Acne Varioliformis in a Man aged 37.

PMID- 19973554
TI  - Two Cultures of Ringworm from Cases of Microsporon Ringworm in a Mother and
      Child.

PMID- 19973553
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973556
TI  - Extensive Ringworm of the Body and Limbs.

PMID- 19973555
TI  - Case illustrating the Effects of X-rays on Scar-keloid.

PMID- 19973557
TI  - Chronic Enlargement of the Lips due to Syphilitic Lymphangitis.

PMID- 19973559
TI  - The Treatment of Naevus by Electrical Methods, with Notes of 1,600 Cases.

PMID- 19973558
TI  - A Photographic Plate Rocker.

PMID- 19973560
TI  - On X-ray Dermatitis and its Prevention.

PMID- 19973561
TI  - Vulvo-vaginal Electrode for Ionic Medication.

PMID- 19973562
TI  - An Apparatus for the Production of continuously maintained Oscillations of
      Electricity, and the Application of them in Therapeusis.

PMID- 19973563
TI  - Treatment of Haemorrhoids by Zinc-mercury Ionization.

PMID- 19973564
TI  - The Treatment of Ulcers by Ionic Medication.

PMID- 19973565
TI  - The Bicipital Tubercle of the Radius and X-ray Examination.

PMID- 19973566
TI  - The X-ray Examination of the Accessory Sinuses of the Nose.

PMID- 19973567
TI  - Undamped Waves of Electricity.

PMID- 19973568
TI  - Notes on the Value of Bismuth in the X-ray Examination of OEsophagus and Colon.

PMID- 19973570
TI  - The Value of a Rontgen Examination in some Diseased Conditions of Bone.

PMID- 19973569
TI  - The X-ray Treatment of Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19973571
TI  - The Treatment of Tuberculous Glands by X-rays.

PMID- 19973572
TI  - Resuscitation of the Apparently Drowned: Report of the Committee appointed by the
      Council of the Royal Society of Medicine to consider the request of the Chief
      Surgeon to the Metropolitan Police that the Society should pronounce as to the
      best method to be adopted.

PMID- 19973573
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973574
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973575
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973576
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973578
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973577
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973579
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973581
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973580
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973582
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973583
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973584
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973585
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973586
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973587
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973588
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973590
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973589
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973591
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973593
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973592
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Heredity on Disease, with special Reference to
      Tuberculosis, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous System: Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973594
TI  - Opening Remarks.

PMID- 19973596
TI  - A Modification of the Posterior Rhinoscopic Mirror.

PMID- 19973595
TI  - Inter-arytaenoid and Subglottic Infiltration of Fifteen Months' Duration, causing
      Difficulty of Breathing which necessitated Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19973597
TI  - Case of a Man with a singularly Symmetrical Syphilitic Septum.

PMID- 19973598
TI  - Crescentic Subglottic Web occluding the Anterior Half of the Lumen of the Larynx
      in a Male aged 38.

PMID- 19973599
TI  - Vasomotor Disturbances in the Mucous Membranes of the Mouth and Throat of a
      Gentleman aged 38.

PMID- 19973601
TI  - Tumour of the Right Tonsil and Palate.

PMID- 19973600
TI  - Cystic Disease of Right Antrum.

PMID- 19973603
TI  - Laryngeal Vertigo.

PMID- 19973602
TI  - Unilateral Paralysis of the Tongue.

PMID- 19973604
TI  - Removal of Foreign Bodies by Bronchoscopy and OEsophagoscopy.

PMID- 19973605
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx with Improvement following Galvano-Caustic Puncture.

PMID- 19973606
TI  - Hunterian Sore inside the Lip of a Young Woman.

PMID- 19973607
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx in which Galvano-Caustic Puncture Treatment has just
      been started.

PMID- 19973608
TI  - Thyroid Tumour of the Tongue (?).

PMID- 19973609
TI  - Telangiectasis with Epistaxis.

PMID- 19973611
TI  - Case showing an Unusually Large and Long Tongue.

PMID- 19973610
TI  - Uvula with Growth on Left Side from a Man aged 42.

PMID- 19973612
TI  - Right and Left Rectangular Chisels for removing Nasal Wall of Maxillary Antrum,
      either as an independent procedure for the Cure of Antral Suppuration or as part
      of the Radical Operation through the Canine Fossa: Discussion.

PMID- 19973614
TI  - Laryngeal Growth in a Man aged 45.

PMID- 19973613
TI  - (?) Gumma of Larynx.

PMID- 19973615
TI  - Chronic Infiltration of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973617
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973616
TI  - Laryngeal Neoplasm, with Microscopic Specimen.

PMID- 19973618
TI  - Crescentic Subglottic Web or Hyperplasia in a Syphilitic Subject, causing
      Stenosis of the Anterior Half of the Lumen of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973619
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Right Maxillary Antrum, involving the Outer Wall of the
      Nose and the Cheek, in a Male aged 68.

PMID- 19973620
TI  - Kuhn's Laryngeal Intubation Anaesthetic Apparatus for Administering Chloroform
      and Sealing the Larynx as a Substitute for Laryngotomy in Sanguinary Operations
      in the Mouth and Jaws, &c.

PMID- 19973621
TI  - Two Cases of Retrobulbar Neuritis probably attributable to Sphenoidal Disease.

PMID- 19973622
TI  - Angeioneurotic OEdema.

PMID- 19973623
TI  - Rhinitis Caseosa.

PMID- 19973624
TI  - Additional Note on a Case of Malignant Disease in the Left Pyriform Sinus.

PMID- 19973625
TI  - Additional Note on a Case of Thyroid Tumour at the Base of the Tongue : (Now
      shown after removal, with specimen, microscopic slide, and illustrations.).

PMID- 19973626
TI  - Pharyngo-keratosis of five months' duration in a Man aged 34; the Secretion
      swarming with Diphtheria Bacilli.

PMID- 19973628
TI  - Further History of a Man, aged 40, with Epithelioma of Right Tonsil.

PMID- 19973627
TI  - Further History of a Man, aged 56, with an enormous Sarcoma of Right Palate and
      Tonsil.

PMID- 19973629
TI  - Suppurative Cervical Cellulitis and Epithelioma of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19973630
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973631
TI  - Further Notes on a Case of Primary Tuberculous Granuloma of the Septum in a Woman
      aged 54.

PMID- 19973633
TI  - Paralysis of the Right Cord. Right Sternomastoid, Trapezius, Soft Palate and
      Pharynx (Spinal Accessory).

PMID- 19973632
TI  - Laryngeal and Buccal Syphilis presenting Unusual Features.

PMID- 19973634
TI  - The "Teat" of a Comforter removed from the OEsophagus of a Child 4 days old.

PMID- 19973635
TI  - Cases of Lupus.

PMID- 19973636
TI  - Fixation of the Left Cord, with Swelling of the Left Arytaenoid Region.

PMID- 19973637
TI  - Primary Intralaryngeal Endothelioma.

PMID- 19973638
TI  - Foreign Body removed from the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19973639
TI  - Fixation of Vocal Cord. (?) Aneurysm.

PMID- 19973641
TI  - Left Bronchocele in a Woman aged 40.

PMID- 19973640
TI  - Epithelioma of Epiglottis and Vestibule of Larynx.

PMID- 19973642
TI  - Chronic Empyema of the Antrum in a Woman aged 68, now Malignant (Fibro-myxo
      sarcoma).

PMID- 19973643
TI  - Perforation of Soft Palate following a Severe Attack of Scarlet Fever in
      Childhood.

PMID- 19973644
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973645
TI  - Laryngeal Growth.

PMID- 19973646
TI  - Laryngeal Tuberculosis in a Man aged 43.

PMID- 19973647
TI  - Recurrent Occlusion of Naris.

PMID- 19973648
TI  - Chronic Suppuration in the Left Sphenoidal Sinus; Recovery.

PMID- 19973649
TI  - Post-cricoid Epithelioma in a Woman aged 30; Removal by Laryngectomy.

PMID- 19973650
TI  - Abnormality in Right Tonsillar Region.

PMID- 19973651
TI  - Retrobulbar Neuritis from Purulent Disease of the Sphenoidal Sinus cured by
      Drainage of the Sinus.

PMID- 19973652
TI  - Infiltration of the Vestibule of the Larynx, with Intralaryngeal Fungation.

PMID- 19973653
TI  - Laryngeal Growth in a Man aged 48.

PMID- 19973654
TI  - Epithelioma of Larynx.

PMID- 19973655
TI  - Loss of Substance in the Palate and Scarred Pharynx following Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19973656
TI  - Case of (?) Malignant Growth of the Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19973657
TI  - Tuberculous Ulcer of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19973658
TI  - Fixation of the Right Vocal Cord of Intermittent Occurrence.

PMID- 19973659
TI  - Subsequent Report on a Case of Infiltration of the Vestibule of the Larynx with
      Intralaryngeal Fungation.

PMID- 19973660
TI  - Radical Operation for Frontal Sinus Suppuration, Killian's Method, with
      exceptionally Rapid Healing, but with Persistence of Supra-orbital Pain, in a
      Young Woman.

PMID- 19973661
TI  - Frontal Sinus Suppuration of Short Duration (five months) in a Young Man;
      modified Operation unsatisfactory; Killian's radical Operation. Rapid Recovery.

PMID- 19973662
TI  - Frontal Sinus Suppuration due to Gunshot Injury, in a Female patient, aged 26;
      radical Operation with Unusual Findings. Relief.

PMID- 19973663
TI  - Congenital Fistula in Mid-line of Nose.

PMID- 19973664
TI  - Laryngeal Vertigo in a Case of Early Tabes.

PMID- 19973665
TI  - Sequel to Case of Intrinsic Laryngeal Neoplasm (chiefly of Left Vocal Cord) of
      unusual appearance in a Man aged 73.

PMID- 19973666
TI  - Mycosis of Tonsil, Pharynx, and Tongue in a Man aged 30.

PMID- 19973667
TI  - Removal of a Sewing-machine Needle rigidly impacted in Median Sagittal Plane of
      the Larynx of a Youth.

PMID- 19973668
TI  - Laryngeal Growth in a Man aged 31.

PMID- 19973670
TI  - Primary Sore on the Upper Lip in a Girl aged 12.

PMID- 19973669
TI  - Chronic Maxillary Suppuration simulating Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19973671
TI  - Subsequent Report on a Case of Left Bronchocele.

PMID- 19973672
TI  - Subsequent Report on a Case of Chronic Empyema of the Antrum, in which part of
      the Antrum had become affected with Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19973673
TI  - Extensive Fracture of the Walls of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19973674
TI  - Extrinsic Epithelioma of the Larynx and Hypo-pharynx in a Woman aged 41.

PMID- 19973675
TI  - Congenital Occlusion of the Right Posterior Naris.

PMID- 19973676
TI  - Epithelioma; primary in Posterior Wall of Pharynx, now invading OEsophagus and
      Larynx.

PMID- 19973677
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973678
TI  - Recurring Epistaxis (Alveolar Epithelioma).

PMID- 19973679
TI  - Case of a Woman with Rhinoscleroma.

PMID- 19973681
TI  - Lupus erythematosus with Affection of Mucous Membrane of Palate and Mouth.

PMID- 19973680
TI  - Deflected Septum causing Complete Occlusion of Right Side of Nose.

PMID- 19973682
TI  - Angioneurotic OEdema in a Male aged 48.

PMID- 19973683
TI  - Laryngeal Neoplasm exhibited, with Microscopic Specimen of same, prior to
      Operative Treatment.

PMID- 19973684
TI  - Excision of Half the Larynx for Large Carcinomatous Tumour of the Arytaenoid.

PMID- 19973685
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973686
TI  - Immobility of the Left Vocal Cord in a Male Patient aged 16.

PMID- 19973687
TI  - Cure of Extensive Web uniting Middle two-fourths of the Vocal Cord by Division
      and Wearing of an Intralaryngeal Splint.

PMID- 19973689
TI  - Stenosis of Larynx in a Child.

PMID- 19973688
TI  - Extensive Intrinsic Epithelioma of the Larynx in a Male Voice-User aged 62.

PMID- 19973690
TI  - Fibroma of Nasopharynx in a Boy aged 17.

PMID- 19973691
TI  - Epithelioma of Palate in a Boy aged 16.

PMID- 19973692
TI  - Lupus of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19973693
TI  - Primary Tuberculous Granuloma of the Triangular Cartilage of the Septum.

PMID- 19973694
TI  - Spasmodic Cough.

PMID- 19973695
TI  - Osteo-fibroma of the Maxilla.

PMID- 19973696
TI  - Left Abductor Paralysis in a Woman aged 38.

PMID- 19973697
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19973699
TI  - Additional Notes and a Letter from Professor Chiari with reference to the Case of
      a Lady Baritone shown in February last.

PMID- 19973698
TI  - Carcinoma and Syphilis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973700
TI  - Skiagram of a Case of Empyema of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19973701
TI  - Specimens of Septa in Animals, showing possible Explanation of Abnormalities in
      Man.

PMID- 19973702
TI  - A Woman, aged 18, with a Baritone Voice.

PMID- 19973703
TI  - Frontal Sinus in a Female Patient 14 days after a Killian Operation.

PMID- 19973704
TI  - Sarcoma of Tonsil and Soft Palate.

PMID- 19973705
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973706
TI  - Tubercular Laryngitis.

PMID- 19973707
TI  - Epithelioma of the Fauces.

PMID- 19973709
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973708
TI  - Papilloma of the Fauces.

PMID- 19973710
TI  - Epithelioma of Left Vocal Cord; Thyrotomy; Recurrence; Extirpation of Left Half
      of Larynx; Lasting Cure.

PMID- 19973711
TI  - Thyro-lingual Sinus in a Boy aged 14.

PMID- 19973712
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973713
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973715
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973714
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973716
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973717
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973718
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973719
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973720
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973721
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973722
TI  - A Discussion on the Modern Treatment of Syphilis, especially in regard to the
      Upper Respiratory Passages.

PMID- 19973723
TI  - Tertiary Specific Atresia of the Posterior Nares in a Middle-aged Woman.

PMID- 19973725
TI  - Thyrotomy with Restoration of Exceptionally Good Voice.

PMID- 19973724
TI  - Malignant Specific Ulceration in a Young Male Patient.

PMID- 19973726
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. (?) Continuous Fibroma of Neck and Larynx or Malignant
      Disease of the Larynx with Enlargement of Glands in the Neck.

PMID- 19973728
TI  - The Further History of "A Case for Diagnosis. ? Continuous Fibroma of Neck and
      Larynx, or Malignant Disease of the Larynx with Enlargements of Glands in the
      Neck.".

PMID- 19973727
TI  - Haematoma of the Right Vocal Cord closely simulating a Fibroma.

PMID- 19973729
TI  - New Growth of the Epiglottis for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19973730
TI  - Macroscopic Specimen, Microscopic Section, and Microphotograph of Epithelioma of
      the Uvula.

PMID- 19973731
TI  - Chronic Suppuration of the Frontal Sinus and Ethmoidal Cells; Radical Operation
      by the Author's Osteoplastic Operation, with no Facial Deformity.

PMID- 19973732
TI  - Thyrolingual Fistula in a Boy aged 7.

PMID- 19973734
TI  - Nasal Polypus treated by Ethmoidal Curetting.

PMID- 19973733
TI  - New Growth of the Septum.

PMID- 19973735
TI  - Two Foreign Bodies removed by Bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19973736
TI  - Syphilitic Stenosis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973737
TI  - Case of a Man one Month after Operation for Malignant Disease of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19973739
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: Guy's Hospital.

PMID- 19973738
TI  - Observations on Endemic Cretinism in the Chitral and Gilgit Valleys.

PMID- 19973740
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: London Hospital.

PMID- 19973741
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: St. Bartholomew's
      Hospital.

PMID- 19973742
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: Royal Free Hospital.

PMID- 19973743
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: St. George's
      Hospital.

PMID- 19973744
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: St. Mary's Hospital.

PMID- 19973745
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: St. Thomas's
      Hospital.

PMID- 19973746
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: University College
      Hospital.

PMID- 19973747
TI  - Statistics of Ulcerative Colitis from the London Hospitals: Westminster Hospital.

PMID- 19973748
TI  - A Case of Chloroma: With Pathological Report.

PMID- 19973749
TI  - Auto-inoculation versus Hetero-inoculation in the Treatment of Established
      Infective Disease, in Pyrexial and in Apyrexial Conditions, as controlled by (a)
      Clinical Observation, (b) Estimation of the Antitryptic Index.

PMID- 19973751
TI  - Nine Cases of Typhoid Fever treated with an Anti-endotoxic Serum The Ophthalmic
      Reaction in Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19973750
TI  - Clinical Observations on the Influence of the Vessel Wall on (so-called) Arterial
      Blood-pressure Readings.

PMID- 19973752
TI  - A Short Account of Twenty-six Cases treated at the Eastern Fever Hospital with
      Anti-typhoid Serum. Note on the "Ophthalmic Reaction" obtained with Typhoid
      Endotoxin.

PMID- 19973753
TI  - Note on Five Cases of Typhoid Fever treated with Anti-endotoxic Serum.

PMID- 19973754
TI  - Gastro-intestinal Crises from Effusion into the Bowel Wall.

PMID- 19973755
TI  - The Resistance of Arteries to External Pressure: Experiments on the Value of the
      Sphygmomanometer as a Test of the Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19973756
TI  - On an Excitant for the Leucocytes of Healthy Persons found in the Blood-plasma of
      Patients suffering from Carcinoma.

PMID- 19973757
TI  - A Discussion on "Ulcerative Colitis.": Introductory Address.

PMID- 19973758
TI  - A Discussion on "Ulcerative Colitis." Introductroy Address.

PMID- 19973759
TI  - A Discussion on "Ulcerative Colitis." Introductroy Address.

PMID- 19973760
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973761
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973762
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973763
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973764
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973765
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973766
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973767
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973769
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973768
TI  - A Discussion on Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19973770
TI  - Two Anomalous Cases of Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19973772
TI  - Myopathy with Gigantic OEdema and Albuminuria.

PMID- 19973771
TI  - Early Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19973774
TI  - Compression Paraplegia.

PMID- 19973773
TI  - Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19973775
TI  - Persistent Visual Aphasia.

PMID- 19973776
TI  - Abortive Muscular Dystrophy.

PMID- 19973777
TI  - Congenital Cerebellar Ataxy.

PMID- 19973778
TI  - Combined Tabes and Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19973779
TI  - The "Diaphragm Test" for Binocular Vision.

PMID- 19973780
TI  - Facial Paralysis resulting from Herpes of the Upper Cervical and Geniculate
      Ganglia.

PMID- 19973781
TI  - Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19973782
TI  - Diffuse Sarcomatosis of the Brain and Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19973783
TI  - A Critical Description of the Brain of a Degenerate (convict and murderer).

PMID- 19973784
TI  - The Pathology of Tabetic Amyotrophy.

PMID- 19973785
TI  - Lesion (? New Growth) of Corpora Quadrigemina and Right Optic Thalamus.

PMID- 19973786
TI  - Two Cases of Familial Cerebellar Degeneration.

PMID- 19973787
TI  - Two Cases of Peroneal Atrophy with a very late Development of Symptoms.

PMID- 19973788
TI  - Two Cases of Myotonia Atrophica, showing a peculiar Distribution of Muscular
      Atrophy.

PMID- 19973790
TI  - Two Cases of a Family Disease the Symptoms of which closely resemble Disseminated
      Sclerosis.

PMID- 19973789
TI  - An Unusual Case of Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19973791
TI  - Case of Bilateral Dislocation of Shoulder with Marked Muscular Wasting.

PMID- 19973792
TI  - Gummatous Meningitis involving all the Spinal Roots on the Right Side of the Cord
      from the Tenth Dorsal to the First Sacral inclusive.

PMID- 19973793
TI  - Case of Heart-block associated with Remittent Atrophic Paralysis of various
      Muscular Groups.

PMID- 19973794
TI  - Death of Dr. Beevor.

PMID- 19973795
TI  - Apoplectiform Cerebral Haemorrhage. Operation. Evacuation of Blood. Slow
      Improvement.

PMID- 19973796
TI  - A Case of Thrombosis of the Left Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery.

PMID- 19973797
TI  - The Alcohol Injection Treatment of Neuralgia and Spasm.

PMID- 19973798
TI  - Sequel to a Case of "Cerebellar Atrophy".

PMID- 19973799
TI  - On the Exact Origin of the Pyramidal Tracts in Man and other Mammals.

PMID- 19973800
TI  - Dystocia due to Distension of the Urinary Bladder of the Foetus, with Remarks on
      Renal Secretion in utero.

PMID- 19973801
TI  - Hysterectomy for Large Cervical Fibroid during Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973802
TI  - Necrobiotic Interstitial Fibroid Removed from a Patient Three Months Pregnant
      without interruption of Gestation.

PMID- 19973803
TI  - A Fatal Case of Accidental Haemorrhage, partly concealed, with Intraperitoneal
      Bleeding from both Fallopian Tubes.

PMID- 19973804
TI  - On a Case of Diffuse Adenomyoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19973805
TI  - Extra-uterine Gestation: Operation during the Sixth Month of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973806
TI  - Operation at End of Fifth Month for Extra-uterine Gestation with Living Foetus;
      Recovery without Recurrent or Secondary Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19973807
TI  - The Bacteria of the Puerperal Uterus, with especial reference to the Presence of
      Haemolytic Streptococci.

PMID- 19973808
TI  - Carcinoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19973809
TI  - Cystic Subperitoneal Fibroid with Unusual Relations.

PMID- 19973810
TI  - A Large Retroperitoneal Cervical Fibroid.

PMID- 19973811
TI  - Tumour (? Sarcoma) of the Fundus Uteri.

PMID- 19973812
TI  - Tubo-ovarian Abscess with Mammary Sympathies and Congenital Malformation of the
      Uterus.

PMID- 19973813
TI  - Some Notes on the Histology of the Smaller Fibromyomata.

PMID- 19973814
TI  - Late Results and Post-mortem Findings in a case of Vesico-vaginal Fistula
      following Abdominal Panhysterectomy for Carcinoma of Cervix.

PMID- 19973815
TI  - The role of the Perineal Body during Labour and the Conduction of Delivery in
      relation thereto: (Abstract.).

PMID- 19973816
TI  - A Venous Aneurysm on a Uterine Fibroid.

PMID- 19973817
TI  - A Uterus with Two Interstitial Fibromyomata; one showing Red Degeneration, the
      other Normal.

PMID- 19973818
TI  - A Modified Champetier de Ribes Bag, made entirely of India-rubber.

PMID- 19973820
TI  - On Four Cases of Ovarian Cysts in Association with Vesicular Mole.

PMID- 19973819
TI  - Sarcoma of the Mesosalpinx.

PMID- 19973821
TI  - Hydatidiform Mole with Albuminuria and Kidney of Pregnancy; Sudden Death from
      Cardiac Failure.

PMID- 19973822
TI  - A Specimen of Dermoids: One in each Ovary in an old Lady aged 92.

PMID- 19973823
TI  - Torsion of Parovarian Cyst during Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973824
TI  - Haemorrhage into an Ovarian Sarcoma producing Symptoms resembling Torsion.

PMID- 19973825
TI  - Haemorrhage into the Great Omentum and Peritoneal Cavity following a Strain.

PMID- 19973826
TI  - Twin Pregnancy in a Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19973827
TI  - A Fibroid Tumour spontaneously expelled from the Uterus seven and a half weeks
      after Delivery.

PMID- 19973828
TI  - Two Cases of Ovarian Fibroid complicating Pregnancy.

PMID- 19973829
TI  - A Fatal Case of Toxic Vomiting of Pregnancy with Microscopical Sections of Liver
      and Kidneys.

PMID- 19973830
TI  - Primary Ovarian Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19973831
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina. Removal of the Uterus and the whole of the
      Vagina.

PMID- 19973833
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Rupture of the Uterus, with an Account of Three Cases
      Treated by Abdominal Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19973832
TI  - Two Cases of Uterine Fibroids showing Peritheliomatous Changes; long Immunity
      from Recurrence after Operation.

PMID- 19973834
TI  - A Series of Ten Cases of Complete Rupture of the Uterus.

PMID- 19973835
TI  - Bilateral Ovarian Dermoid Tumours, one of which obstructed Labour on Two
      Occasions.

PMID- 19973836
TI  - Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri with Metastatic Deposits in the Mucosa of the
      Uterine Body.

PMID- 19973837
TI  - On a Uterine Fibroid in the state of Red Degeneration containing Staphylococcus
      pyogenes aureus.

PMID- 19973839
TI  - Foetal Chondrodystrophia as a Cause of Brow Presentation and Dystocia.

PMID- 19973838
TI  - Tumour of the Ovary. ? Adenofibroma or Endothelioma.

PMID- 19973840
TI  - Rudimentary Uterus Didelphys, with Ectopia of each Uterine Body in an Inguinal
      Hernial Sac; with some Remarks on the Development of the Female Genital Organs.

PMID- 19973842
TI  - Cancer of the Cervix diagnosed early by the Family Doctor: Patient well ten years
      after High Amputation.

PMID- 19973841
TI  - Primary Chorionepithelioma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19973844
TI  - Pregnancy in a Rudimentary Horn of a Bicornate Uterus.

PMID- 19973843
TI  - Two Uteri removed by Wertheim's Method for Cancer of the Cervix apparently only
      moderately advanced: Infiltrated Iliac Glands removed, only discovered in the
      course of the Operation.

PMID- 19973845
TI  - Sarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19973847
TI  - President's Valedictory Address.

PMID- 19973846
TI  - Non-ovarian Pelvic Dermoid Tumour.

PMID- 19973848
TI  - Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus: Vaginal Hysterectomy; Patient free from
      Recurrence Fifteen Years afterwards.

PMID- 19973849
TI  - A Fibroid Tumour of the Ovary.

PMID- 19973850
TI  - A Broad Ligament Cyst with Twisted Pedicle.

PMID- 19973851
TI  - Adeno-carcinoma of the Fundus Uteri.

PMID- 19973852
TI  - An Analysis of a Second Hundred Cases of Operation for Fibromyomata Uteri, with
      Special Reference to their Degenerations and Local Complications.

PMID- 19973853
TI  - Caesarean Section and Total Abdominal Hysterectomy for Retroflexion of the Uterus
      at Term by Fibromyoma adherent in Douglas's Pouch.

PMID- 19973854
TI  - Notes of a Case of Sarcoma of the Cervix Uteri (? Epithelioma), with Unusual
      Microscopical Appearances, in a Patient aged 21.

PMID- 19973855
TI  - Uterine Fibroids.

PMID- 19973856
TI  - Parovarian Cyst with Intracystic Haemorrhage from Torsion of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19973858
TI  - Dermoid Cyst of the Ovary, complicating Extreme Displacement of the Kidney.

PMID- 19973857
TI  - Very Early Ectopic Gestation with some Unusual Symptoms.

PMID- 19973859
TI  - Fibroids in Both Halves of a Bicornate Uterus.

PMID- 19973860
TI  - Unilateral Carcinoma of the Ovary, associated with a Papillary Tumour of the
      Endometrium.

PMID- 19973861
TI  - An Amalgamator-a Mechanical Device for Amalgamating Alloys.

PMID- 19973863
TI  - A Preliminary Note on the Eruption of the Teeth.

PMID- 19973862
TI  - Round-celled Sarcoma of the Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19973864
TI  - Radicular Aberrations.

PMID- 19973865
TI  - A New Interdental Splint.

PMID- 19973866
TI  - An Epithelial Odontome.

PMID- 19973867
TI  - President's Valedictory Address.

PMID- 19973868
TI  - A Note on the Ameloblast Cells in Esox.

PMID- 19973869
TI  - The Teeth of Early Man.

PMID- 19973870
TI  - Alveolar Abscess in the Tooth of a Dog.

PMID- 19973871
TI  - The Treatment of a Denture, Swallowed and Impacted in the OEsophagus, by means of
      Killian's OEsophageal Tube.

PMID- 19973873
TI  - Specimens added to the Museum.

PMID- 19973872
TI  - Radiographs of the Teeth and Associated Parts.

PMID- 19973874
TI  - General Results of the Special Rules in force in Match Factories.

PMID- 19973876
TI  - Adenoids and the Feeding of Infants in Relation to the Growth of the Jaws.

PMID- 19973875
TI  - A Review of the Progress of Dental Science and Literature from the Earliest Ages.

PMID- 19973877
TI  - Some Experiments on the Action of Formalin and other Root-dressings.

PMID- 19973878
TI  - A Case of Thrombosis of the Right Lateral Sinus in which the Clot extended beyond
      the Torcular Herophili into the Lateral Sinus of the opposite side; Operation;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19973879
TI  - Infective Meningitis, secondary to Infection of the Labyrinth, successfully
      treated by Translabyrinthine and Lumbar Drainage.

PMID- 19973880
TI  - Purulent Encephalitis treated by Drainage and Removal of Infected Brain-tissue.

PMID- 19973881
TI  - Specimen and Notes from Case of Tumour of the Auditory Nerve.

PMID- 19973882
TI  - A Syringe for Use after the Radical Post-aural Operation.

PMID- 19973883
TI  - Anatomical Specimens illustrating the Surgical Anatomy of the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19973884
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess with Maniacal Symptoms, opened up through the Tegmen
      Tympani, washed out and drained, and treated with Iodoform.

PMID- 19973885
TI  - Disease of External Auditory Meatus in a Girl.

PMID- 19973886
TI  - Dermoid of Mastoid Region.

PMID- 19973887
TI  - The Position of the Patient after Operations on the Mastoid.

PMID- 19973888
TI  - Chronic Middle-Ear Suppuration, with Caries of the Anterior Meatal Wall and
      Zygoma; history of Local Injury and Syphilis.

PMID- 19973889
TI  - Disease of External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19973890
TI  - Sections of the Human Cochlea through the Organ of Corti, showing Beaded Nerve
      fibril traversing the Tunnel of Corti, and Cell Fibrillae projecting from the
      Hair-cells.

PMID- 19973892
TI  - Notes of a Case of Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Skull, the Result of Mastoid
      Disease (with Specimen of Calvarium).

PMID- 19973891
TI  - Four Cases of Carcinoma of the External Meatus.

PMID- 19973893
TI  - Section of a Thrombosed Internal Jugular Vein, which could be felt in the Neck as
      a distinct Cord-like Structure.

PMID- 19973894
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess secondary to Infective Labyrinthitis associated with Acute
      Inflammatory OEdema of the Brain; Recovery; Details of Operative Procedures.

PMID- 19973896
TI  - A Specimen of Caries of the Temporal Bone, the Destruction of the Bone closely
      simulating the Appearance seen after the Performance of the Radical Mastoid
      Operation: Discussion.

PMID- 19973895
TI  - The Problem of Vertigo: some new Data obtained in a Research into the Functions
      of the Semicircular Canals in Relation to Movements of the Eyeball in the Human
      Subject.

PMID- 19973897
TI  - Spontaneous Occurrence of Congenital Deaf-mutism in Three Members of one Family
      without any previous history of a similar condition.

PMID- 19973899
TI  - Protrusion of Synovial Membrane through Tympanic Plate and beneath Skin of
      External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19973898
TI  - Notes of a Case of Cholesteatoma of External Auditory Meatus treated by Local
      Application of Enzymol.

PMID- 19973900
TI  - Epileptiform Attacks of Labyrinthine Origin.

PMID- 19973901
TI  - Intractable Ulcer of Tragus and Fistula of Helix.

PMID- 19973902
TI  - Further Notes on Two Cases of Carcinoma of the Ear.

PMID- 19973903
TI  - Epithelioma of Middle Ear in a Young Man aged 35.

PMID- 19973904
TI  - Notes of a Case of Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19973906
TI  - On some Hereditary Syphilitic Affections of the Nervous System.

PMID- 19973905
TI  - An Investigation into some Aspects of the Action of Arsenic.

PMID- 19973907
TI  - Disseminated Lobular Necrosis of the Liver with Jaundice (Hepar Necroticum cum
      Ictero of Curschmann and H. Oertel), and a Case of Acute Hepatic Atrophy in
      Secondary Syphilis.

PMID- 19973909
TI  - On the Behaviour of the Nucleoli in the Cells of Malignant Growths.

PMID- 19973908
TI  - A Report upon the Pathological Condition of the Aorta of King Menephtah,
      traditionally regarded as the Pharaoh of the Exodus.

PMID- 19973910
TI  - Dilatation of the Ureter without Obvious Mechanical Obstruction (Idiopathic
      Dilatation).

PMID- 19973911
TI  - A Preliminary Note on the Examination of the Fat in the Liver in Health and
      Disease.

PMID- 19973912
TI  - A Statistical View of the Opsonic Index.

PMID- 19973913
TI  - Portal Thrombosis, associated with Stricture of the Urethra and Double Mitral
      Disease: fatal Haematemesis.

PMID- 19973915
TI  - The Histology of the New Bone-formation in a Case of Pulmonary Hypertrophic Osteo
      arthropathy.

PMID- 19973914
TI  - A Contribution to the Pathology of the Spleen.

PMID- 19973916
TI  - A Note on the Histology of a Case of Myelomatosis (Multiple Myeloma) with Bence
      Jones Protein in the Urine (Myelopathic Albumosuria).

PMID- 19973917
TI  - On Normal Tumour-like Formations of Fat in Man and the Lower Animals.

PMID- 19973919
TI  - A Fatal Case of Streptotrichosis with Primary Lesion in the Lungs-the Organism
      Pathogenic for Animals.

PMID- 19973918
TI  - A Case of a Rare Disease of the Long Bones terminating in Sarcoma of the Femur.

PMID- 19973920
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19973921
TI  - A large Laryngeal Lipoma of the Epiglottis and Base of the Tongue, with a
      Collection of Examples of Submucous Lipomata of the Intestine and of the Larynx.

PMID- 19973922
TI  - A Preliminary Note on Melanotic Deposits in Cattle and Sheep in Western
      Australia.

PMID- 19973923
TI  - Malignant Jaundice occurring during the course of Graves' Disease and associated
      with Gangrenous Tonsils.

PMID- 19973924
TI  - The Mode of Action of Gastrotoxic Serum and the Healing of Gastrotoxic Ulcers.

PMID- 19973925
TI  - The Action of Splenotoxic and Haemolytic Sera on the Blood and Tissues.

PMID- 19973926
TI  - Is there an "Idiopathic Dilatation" of the Urinary Bladder?

PMID- 19973927
TI  - Chloroform Action.

PMID- 19973928
TI  - Anaesthesia in the Human Subject, with known Percentages of Chloroform Vapour.

PMID- 19973929
TI  - Discussion on Proposed General Anaesthetics Act, 1908.

PMID- 19973930
TI  - Discussion on the Proposed General Anaesthetics Act, 1908.

PMID- 19973931
TI  - Treatment of Shock during Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19973932
TI  - Season and Disease: a Preliminary Study.

PMID- 19973933
TI  - The Bacteriology of Summer Diarrhoea.

PMID- 19973934
TI  - On the Discrimination of Unrecognized Diseases and on a Disease of Overcrowding
      in Ships, especially at Malta.

PMID- 19973935
TI  - The AEtiology of Enteric Fever in Belfast in relation to Water Supply, Sanitary
      Circumstances, and Shellfish.

PMID- 19973936
TI  - Certain Considerations on the Causation and Course of Epidemics.

PMID- 19973937
TI  - The Problem of Marital Infection in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19973938
TI  - The Intermittent Infectiousness of Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19973939
TI  - Some Bacteriological Problems Considered from an Epidemiological Point of View.

PMID- 19973940
TI  - Toxaemia apparently produced by Ascaris lumbricoides.

PMID- 19973941
TI  - Infant Mortality as seen in a Children's Hospital: being an Analysis of 1,202
      consecutive Infant Deaths in the Evelina Hospital for Sick Children.

PMID- 19973942
TI  - Congenital Cystic Disease of the Kidneys.

PMID- 19973943
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Child.

PMID- 19973944
TI  - Fibrosis in the Left Lung in a Boy aged 8.

PMID- 19973946
TI  - Abdominal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19973945
TI  - Cerebral Diplegic Spasticity.

PMID- 19973947
TI  - A Mongolian Imbecile.

PMID- 19973948
TI  - A Child with Absent Abdominal Muscles.

PMID- 19973949
TI  - Plexiform Neuroma, involving the Right Frontal Region and the Right Upper Eyelid.

PMID- 19973951
TI  - Talipes Calcaneus treated by Splinting.

PMID- 19973950
TI  - Acute Epiphysitis of the Lower End of the Femur treated with the Iodoform Wax
      Filling.

PMID- 19973952
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19973953
TI  - Medical Inspection of Elementary School Children.

PMID- 19973954
TI  - Post-basic Meningitis; Recovery after Intraspinal Injection of Ruppel's Serum.
      Notes on two other cases treated by the same serum.

PMID- 19973955
TI  - Enlarged Spleen.

PMID- 19973956
TI  - Notes of a peculiar form of (?) Word-deafness successfully treated by the Oral
      Method.

PMID- 19973957
TI  - Primary Sarcoma of the Suprarenal.

PMID- 19973958
TI  - The Brain from a Case of Cerebral Diplegic Spasticity.

PMID- 19973959
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease. Transposition of the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19973960
TI  - Congenital Morbus cordis-Patent Ductus arteriosus; Aortic Valves Bicuspid; Right
      Heart dwarfed.

PMID- 19973962
TI  - Pathological Report on Dr. T. R. Whipham's Case of Congenital Cystic Disease of
      the Kidneys.

PMID- 19973961
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19973963
TI  - Bullous Purpura following Impetigo.

PMID- 19973964
TI  - Transposition of the Viscera.

PMID- 19973965
TI  - Ankylosis of both Hip-joints.

PMID- 19973967
TI  - Syphilitic Osteoperiostitis.

PMID- 19973966
TI  - Congenital Symmetrical Swellings on both Heels in a Girl (?) Nature.

PMID- 19973968
TI  - A Fatal Case of Icterus neonatorum-Microscopical Changes in the Liver.

PMID- 19973969
TI  - An Infant showing numerous Congenital Malformations.

PMID- 19973970
TI  - Situs Inversus.

PMID- 19973971
TI  - Prolonged Fever of Uncertain Causation.

PMID- 19973972
TI  - A Case of Scurvy.

PMID- 19973974
TI  - Hyperplastic Tuberculosis of Rectum and Sigmoid.

PMID- 19973973
TI  - Congenital Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19973975
TI  - Three Cases of Henoch's Purpura.

PMID- 19973976
TI  - Multiple Cancellous Osteomata.

PMID- 19973977
TI  - Multiple Tuberculous Abscesses.

PMID- 19973978
TI  - Chondroma of the Femur.

PMID- 19973980
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Congenital Stenosis of the Rectum, Colon, and part of the
      Ileum.

PMID- 19973979
TI  - Cystic Hygromata.

PMID- 19973981
TI  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus without Murmur.

PMID- 19973982
TI  - Fibrosis of the Left Lung.

PMID- 19973983
TI  - Congenital Dilatation of the Colon in an Infant.

PMID- 19973984
TI  - Acrocephaly, with other Congenital Malformations-Autopsy.

PMID- 19973985
TI  - Solution of Continuity of the Right Clavicle since Birth.

PMID- 19973986
TI  - Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19973987
TI  - Meningitis associated with a Leptothrix Bacillus.

PMID- 19973988
TI  - The Effects of School Life upon the Vision of the Child.

PMID- 19973989
TI  - Congenital Syphilis showing widespread Periostitis of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19973990
TI  - Abdominal Tumour.

PMID- 19973991
TI  - Facial Irritability of fifteen months' duration succeeding Tetany in association
      with Dilatation of the Large Intestine.

PMID- 19973992
TI  - Two Cases of Microcephaly: Changes in the Fundus Oculi.

PMID- 19973993
TI  - Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19973995
TI  - Congenital Dilatation of the Colon. Sequel.

PMID- 19973994
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis-Complete Transposition. Transposition of Liver, Spleen,
      and large Intestine. Cyst in Tongue, Solitary Kidney.

PMID- 19973996
TI  - Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Hand.

PMID- 19973998
TI  - Symmetrical Bilateral Helical Fistulae, Unilateral Branchial Fistula, and Pre
      auricular Tubercle.

PMID- 19973997
TI  - Cinematographic Demonstration of the Movements of the Stomach in a Case of
      Congenital Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19973999
TI  - Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19974000
TI  - Two Cases of Cerebellar Ataxy (family type).

PMID- 19974001
TI  - A Case of Oxycephaly.

PMID- 19974002
TI  - Congenital Laryngeal Obstruction.

PMID- 19974003
TI  - Congenital Obliteration of Bile-ducts with Hepatic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19974004
TI  - AEtiology of that Dislocation of the Hip commonly regarded as Congenital.

PMID- 19974005
TI  - United Twins.

PMID- 19974006
TI  - Symmetry and Asymmetry, and their Effect in the Production of Lateral Curvature
      of the Spine.

PMID- 19974007
TI  - Congenital Scoliosis.

PMID- 19974008
TI  - Observations concerning the Blood in Chorea and Rheumatism.

PMID- 19974009
TI  - Abscess of the Liver in a Child.

PMID- 19974011
TI  - Acute Leucocythaemia.

PMID- 19974010
TI  - Hyperpyrexia occurring in Childhood.

PMID- 19974012
TI  - The Treatment of Irreducible Intussusception by Lateral Anastomosis.

PMID- 19974013
TI  - On Congenital Heart Affections, especially in Relation to the Diagnosis of the
      various Malformations: (The Wightman Lecture for 1909).

PMID- 19974014
TI  - Stenosis of the Isthmus Aortae, with Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Patent
      Interventricular Septum.

PMID- 19974015
TI  - Cor Triloculare. Aneurysmal Dilatation of Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19974016
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis: Defect of the Septum between the Auricles.

PMID- 19974017
TI  - Cerebral Haemorrhage in an Infant aged 2 months.

PMID- 19974018
TI  - Congenital Dilatation of the Colon.

PMID- 19974019
TI  - Acrocephaly, with other Congenital Malformations.

PMID- 19974020
TI  - Cleido-cranial Dysostosis: Pathological Specimens.

PMID- 19974021
TI  - A Girl aged 7 years showing Misplaced and Rudimentary Patellae, Congenital
      Dislocation of the Hip, and Coxa valga.

PMID- 19974022
TI  - Muscular Dystrophy (Hypertrophic Form).

PMID- 19974023
TI  - An Infant with Malformations of the Thumbs and Toes.

PMID- 19974024
TI  - Blepharochalasis (Ptosis adiposa).

PMID- 19974025
TI  - Complete Ectopia vesicae. Transplantation of the Ureters into the Rectum by the
      Extraperitoneal Method.

PMID- 19974026
TI  - Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19974027
TI  - Duodenal Ulcers with Perforation in an Infant, with Hypertrophic Stenosis of the
      Pylorus.

PMID- 19974028
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis without Valvular Murmur.

PMID- 19974029
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19974030
TI  - Whooping-cough: A Discussion.

PMID- 19974031
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974032
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974033
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974034
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974035
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974036
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974037
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974038
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974039
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974040
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974041
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974042
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974043
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974044
TI  - Whooping-cough. A Discussion.

PMID- 19974045
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19974046
TI  - A Remarkable Deformity of the Chest as the Result of Whooping-cough in Childhood.

PMID- 19974048
TI  - A System of X-ray Examination of the Urinary Tract.

PMID- 19974047
TI  - Traumatic Rupture of the Intestine, with a Case of Recovery after Operation, and
      an Analysis of the 132 Cases that have occurred in ten London Hospitals during
      the last fifteen years (1893-1907).

PMID- 19974049
TI  - On the Functions of the Colon in Relation to Colic Exclusion.

PMID- 19974051
TI  - The Lymphatics of the Colon.

PMID- 19974050
TI  - The Repeated Strangulation of an Obturator Hernia necessitating its Radical Cure,
      with Remarks upon Obturator Herniae in General.

PMID- 19974052
TI  - The Torus Palatinus.

PMID- 19974054
TI  - The Application of Continuous Suction in Surgery.

PMID- 19974053
TI  - Urachal Cyst simulating Appendicular Abscess: Arrested Development of Genital
      Tract; with Notes on Recently Reported Cases of Urachal Cysts.

PMID- 19974055
TI  - On Auto-Inoculation and Reinfection of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974056
TI  - Jejunal and Gastrojejunal Ulcer following Gastrojejunostomy, with Notes of Two
      Cases, in one of which Gastric Analyses were made before and after Operation for
      Jejunal Ulcer, with an Abstract of Sixty-one other Cases and Observations
      thereon.

PMID- 19974058
TI  - Some Cases of Gastric Surgery.

PMID- 19974057
TI  - Benign Tumours, Fibroma, Myoma and Lipoma encapsuled in the Wall of the Stomach.

PMID- 19974060
TI  - The British Pharmacopoeia: its Scope and Object.

PMID- 19974059
TI  - Why and How the Surgeon should attempt to Preserve the Appendix Vermiformis-its
      Value in the Surgical Treatment of Constipation. With a Series of Cases briefly
      reported.

PMID- 19974061
TI  - The Treatment of Spasmodic Asthma.

PMID- 19974063
TI  - The Treatment of Acute Toxaemias.

PMID- 19974062
TI  - Experiments and Experiences, Pharmacological and Clinical, with Digitalis,
      Squill, and Strophanthus.

PMID- 19974064
TI  - The Results of a Year's Use of Vaccines in General Medicine.

PMID- 19974065
TI  - The Action of Saline Purgatives.

PMID- 19974066
TI  - The Action of Salicylates in Rheumatic Affections.

PMID- 19974067
TI  - The Effective Treatment of Acute and Subacute Rheumatism.

PMID- 19974068
TI  - Tissue Antisepsis with Reference to Animal Infections.

PMID- 19974069
TI  - Salicylates as Retentives: their Effects on Capillary Circulation, Blood-pressure
      and Uric Acid in the Blood.

PMID- 19974070
TI  - Note on Nutmeg-Poisoning.

PMID- 19974072
TI  - The Treatment of Gastric Ulcer by Immediate Feeding: based on a Comparison of
      Cases on the Lenhartz Dietary and Cases treated by Saline or Nutrient Enemas and
      a Graduated Milk Diet.

PMID- 19974071
TI  - Counter-Irritation.

PMID- 19974074
TI  - Discussion on Arthritis Deformans.

PMID- 19974073
TI  - To Redress the Balance: (Presidential Address).

PMID- 19974075
TI  - Discussion on Arthritis Deformans.

PMID- 19974076
TI  - Discussion on Arthritis Deformans.

PMID- 19974077
TI  - Discussion on Arthritis Deformans.

PMID- 19974078
TI  - The Climate of Egypt and North Africa and its Influence on Disease.

PMID- 19974079
TI  - The Hygiology of Naples.

PMID- 19974080
TI  - The Chiltern Hills and Dales in certain of their Natural and Medical Aspects.

PMID- 19974081
TI  - Atmospheric Electricity.

PMID- 19974082
TI  - Saline Waters and the Use and Abuse of Common Salt.

PMID- 19974083
TI  - Arthritis Deformans.

PMID- 19974084
TI  - Discussion on Arthritis Deformans.

PMID- 19974085
TI  - Further Report on a Case of Carcinoma of the Breast treated by Radium.

PMID- 19974086
TI  - Excision of both Maxillae.

PMID- 19974087
TI  - Angioneurosis.

PMID- 19974088
TI  - "Rheumatic Nodule" in a Case of (probably) Gonococcal Arthritis.

PMID- 19974089
TI  - Hereditary Multiple Telangiectases.

PMID- 19974090
TI  - Meckel's Diverticulum containing Calculi and producing Colic.

PMID- 19974091
TI  - Lymphangioma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19974093
TI  - Four Cases of Epithelioma of the Larynx after Operation.

PMID- 19974092
TI  - Sarcoma of the Ilium treated by Coley's Fluid.

PMID- 19974094
TI  - Pyaemic Knee- and Shoulder-joints treated by Tapping and Incision.

PMID- 19974095
TI  - Traumatic Pancreatic Cyst cured by Operation, and followed twelve years later by
      Medullary Leukaemia.

PMID- 19974096
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of Nose Removed after Temporary Ligature of both External Carotid
      Arteries and Laryngotomy.

PMID- 19974098
TI  - Detachment of Entire Scalp.

PMID- 19974097
TI  - The Diagnosis of Aneurysm of the Descending Thoracic Aorta.

PMID- 19974099
TI  - Obliterative Endaneurysmorrhaphy (Matas's Operation) for Popliteal Aneurysm.

PMID- 19974100
TI  - Popliteal Aneurysm in both Legs cured by the Matas Obliterative Operation.

PMID- 19974101
TI  - Fibroid Lung and Displacement of Heart.

PMID- 19974102
TI  - Tibio-calcaneal Resection at the Ankle, with Amputation of the Foot.

PMID- 19974103
TI  - Spleno-medullary Leukaemia: Intercurrent Erysipelas.

PMID- 19974104
TI  - "Trophic" Dermatitis commencing on the Extremities.

PMID- 19974106
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre in a Man with Symmetrical Telangiectases of the Ocular
      Conjunctivae.

PMID- 19974105
TI  - Bluish Pigmentation of the Skin.

PMID- 19974107
TI  - Congenital Tumour in the Left Parotid Region (? Cavernous Lymphangioma).

PMID- 19974108
TI  - Myotonia Atrophica.

PMID- 19974109
TI  - X-ray Carcinoma.

PMID- 19974110
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974111
TI  - Myositis Ossificans Traumatica.

PMID- 19974112
TI  - Acromegaly.

PMID- 19974113
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis with Enlargement of Lymphatic Glands and Spleen.

PMID- 19974114
TI  - Extensive Myositis Ossificans.

PMID- 19974116
TI  - Sarcoma of the Ear and Mastoid Region under Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19974115
TI  - Cervical Ribs.

PMID- 19974117
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19974118
TI  - Malignant Growth in Neck treated with Radium, with Recurrence in Mediastinum.

PMID- 19974119
TI  - OEsophageal Growth under Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19974120
TI  - Rodent Ulcer Treated by Radium.

PMID- 19974121
TI  - Disappearance of Chronic Ascites in Alcoholic Cirrhosis after repeated
      Paracentesis and Laparotomy without Omentopexy.

PMID- 19974122
TI  - Cyanosis with Venous Obstruction.

PMID- 19974123
TI  - Formation of Cholesterol Gall-stones containing Typhoid Bacilli within Sixty
      eight Days of the Onset of Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19974125
TI  - Three Rare Tumours of the Base of the Tongue (Two of them Endotheliomata), with
      Remarks on the Surgery of Malignant Disease of the Tongue.

PMID- 19974124
TI  - Pulsating Exophthalmos.

PMID- 19974127
TI  - Flexor Spasm.

PMID- 19974126
TI  - Three Cases of Enlargement of the Tubercle of the Tibia (Schlatter's Disease).

PMID- 19974128
TI  - Fracture of the Humerus at the Site of an Innocent Cyst.

PMID- 19974130
TI  - Congenital Hairy Mole.

PMID- 19974129
TI  - Jaundice with Areas of Unpigmented Skin.

PMID- 19974131
TI  - Cardiolysis.

PMID- 19974133
TI  - Schlatter's Disease.

PMID- 19974132
TI  - Detachment of the Tendon of the Subscapularis Muscle for Recurring Dislocation of
      the Humerus.

PMID- 19974135
TI  - Hyperplastic Tuberculosis of the Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19974134
TI  - Trigeminal Neuralgia of Left First and Second Divisions treated by Injections of
      Alcohol.

PMID- 19974136
TI  - Phlegmonous Gastritis from Hydrochloric Acid Poisoning; Vomiting of the Complete
      Mucous Membrane of the Pyloric Half of the Stomach.

PMID- 19974138
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis with large Cavity treated by a New Method; also Notes of
      other Cases in which Ether was tried.

PMID- 19974137
TI  - Gout, with large Tophaceous Deposits, in a Mahommedan.

PMID- 19974139
TI  - Sequel of a Case of Pigmentation of the Circum-oral Skin and of the Buccal Mucosa
      in Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19974140
TI  - Gout, with Uratic Tophi, in a Boy aged 14.

PMID- 19974141
TI  - Two Cases of Lobar Pneumonia, with considerable Displacement of the Heart.

PMID- 19974143
TI  - Death of Mr. H. H. Clutton.

PMID- 19974142
TI  - Further Notes on a Case of Neuritis of Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19974144
TI  - Demonstration by the Ultra-microscope of living Treponema pallidum and various
      Spirochaetes.

PMID- 19974146
TI  - Removal of Vesical Calculus Weighing Eight Ounces.

PMID- 19974145
TI  - Report on Intestinal Concretion found in a Meckel's Diverticulum.

PMID- 19974147
TI  - Sclerodermia with Sclerodactyly.

PMID- 19974149
TI  - Thoracic Aneurysm in a Boy.

PMID- 19974148
TI  - Sequel of a Case of Sclerodermia of the Extremities (Sclerodactylia, Acroteric
      Sclerodermia of Hutchinson) associated with a previous and family history of
      Angioneurotic OEdema.

PMID- 19974150
TI  - Rheumatic Spondylitis with Torticollis and Subluxation.

PMID- 19974151
TI  - Rheumatic Spondylitis with Torticollis and Alto-axoid Subluxation.

PMID- 19974152
TI  - Myopathy-Infantile type (Batten's Frog-child).

PMID- 19974153
TI  - Primary Hyperplastic Tuberculosis of the Stomach and Duodenum.

PMID- 19974154
TI  - Excision of the Larynx, lower part of the Pharynx, and Upper End of the
      OEsophagus for Malignant Disease (Squamous-celled Carcinoma) of those Structures.

PMID- 19974155
TI  - Pneumococcic Colitis with Hyperpyrexia; Severe Haemorrhage treated by
      Appendicostomy.

PMID- 19974156
TI  - A Case of Acromegaly.

PMID- 19974157
TI  - Acromegalic Gigantism.

PMID- 19974159
TI  - Adiposis Dolorosa (Dercum's Disease).

PMID- 19974158
TI  - Two Cases of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19974160
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19974162
TI  - Impaction of Large Calculus in the Lower End of the Right Ureter.

PMID- 19974161
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis with Albuminuria, and with Great Enlargement of the Liver.

PMID- 19974163
TI  - Trephining for General Epilepsy after an Interval of Three Years.

PMID- 19974164
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital OEdema with Cardiac Defect in Mother and Daughter.

PMID- 19974165
TI  - Resection of the Bladder for Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19974166
TI  - Excavating Rodent Ulcer of the Face under Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19974167
TI  - A Case of Pachydermatocele.

PMID- 19974168
TI  - Arterio-venous Aneurysm with Exophthalmos following an Injury to the Head.

PMID- 19974169
TI  - Partial Luxation of the Odontoid Process.

PMID- 19974170
TI  - Transverse Fracture of both Patellae, with much separation of Fragments, treated
      by Operation.

PMID- 19974171
TI  - A Case of Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19974172
TI  - A Patient a few months after Omentopexy and Peritoneal Drainage for Chronic
      Ascites connected with Hepatic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19974173
TI  - Fracture of the Base of the Skull. Operation: Recovery.

PMID- 19974175
TI  - Cholecyst-duodenostomy for Acute Emaciation following the Formation of a Biliary
      Fistula.

PMID- 19974174
TI  - Gumma of the Breast Simulating Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19974176
TI  - A Case of Disappearing Abdominal Tumour.

PMID- 19974178
TI  - Pigmentation of the Circum-oral Skin and of the Buccal Mucosa in Pernicious
      Anaemia.

PMID- 19974177
TI  - Stricture of the Rectum treated by Fibrolysin.

PMID- 19974179
TI  - Thoracoplasty for very large Empyema.

PMID- 19974180
TI  - Objective and Rhythmical "Clicking" Noise in the Left Ear, associated with
      synchronous Muscular Contraction of certain Muscles forming the Floor of the
      Mouth.

PMID- 19974181
TI  - Bending of the Bones of both Legs and Partial Ankylosis of both Hips in a Young
      Man.

PMID- 19974182
TI  - Intermittent Claudication, due to Chronic Arteritis Obliterans, in a Tobacconist.

PMID- 19974183
TI  - Chronic Arteritis Obliterans (lower extremity) associated with Phlebitis.

PMID- 19974184
TI  - Symmetrical Trophic Lesions of the Extremities in a Child. Syringomyelia
      (Morvan's Type).

PMID- 19974186
TI  - Small Follicular Syphilide of the Corymbose Type.

PMID- 19974185
TI  - Multiple Scars simulating Leucodermia Syphiliticum.

PMID- 19974187
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus with Epithelioma.

PMID- 19974189
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus with Sclerodactyly.

PMID- 19974188
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of Eleven Year's Duration Localized to the Scalp.

PMID- 19974190
TI  - Linear Naevus with combined Verrucose and Vascular Elements.

PMID- 19974191
TI  - Lichen Planus in a Child.

PMID- 19974192
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19974194
TI  - Sections from a Case of Linear Naevus.

PMID- 19974193
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974196
TI  - Lichen Planus of Anomalous Aspect and Course.

PMID- 19974195
TI  - Acne Vulgaris with Keloids.

PMID- 19974197
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19974198
TI  - Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex.

PMID- 19974199
TI  - Canities.

PMID- 19974200
TI  - Ringworm affecting the Upper Lip as well as the Beard Region and Hand in a Man
      aged 28.

PMID- 19974201
TI  - Leprosy.

PMID- 19974202
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974204
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974203
TI  - Leucoderma Syphiliticum.

PMID- 19974205
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis in a Man aged 58.

PMID- 19974206
TI  - Case of Pruritus.

PMID- 19974207
TI  - Hypertrophic Lichen Planus of Two Months' Duration in a Boy aged 10.

PMID- 19974208
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974209
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus with Symptoms indicating the possibility of the
      Transformation of the Circumscribed Type into that of the Acute Disseminated
      Form.

PMID- 19974210
TI  - An Unusual Condition of the Lips.

PMID- 19974211
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19974212
TI  - Acute and very Extensive Eruption of Erythema Iris Type in a Man aged about 35.

PMID- 19974213
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis (Gummatous Teno-synovitis).

PMID- 19974214
TI  - Symmetrical Plantar Naevoid Tumours in an Infant.

PMID- 19974215
TI  - Probable Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19974216
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19974217
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19974218
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974219
TI  - Bazin's Disease in a Man aged 36.

PMID- 19974220
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19974222
TI  - Cystic Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19974221
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974223
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa of very Exceptional Severity.

PMID- 19974224
TI  - Pigmented Moles in a Female Child aged 2.

PMID- 19974225
TI  - Keratodermie palmaire et plantaire symetrique et congenitale of Besnier.

PMID- 19974227
TI  - Case of a Mixed Tumour (Tricho-epithelioma Papulosum and Syringo-cystadenoma).

PMID- 19974226
TI  - A Section of Melanosis Cutis.

PMID- 19974228
TI  - Acroteric Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19974229
TI  - Two Cases of Mycosis Fungoides presenting quite different Aspects of the Disease.

PMID- 19974230
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19974231
TI  - Lichen simplex chronicus of Vidal.

PMID- 19974232
TI  - Multiple Keloid associated with "Neurotic Excoriations" of the "Dug-out" Type of
      Colcott Fox.

PMID- 19974233
TI  - Onychia Sicca Syphilitica.

PMID- 19974235
TI  - Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19974234
TI  - Lichen Planus in a Diabetic.

PMID- 19974236
TI  - Two Cases of Urticaria.

PMID- 19974237
TI  - Sclerodermia of the Diffuse Type in a Woman aged 58.

PMID- 19974238
TI  - Sclerodermia of the Circumscribed Variety with unusually numerous Patches.

PMID- 19974239
TI  - Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19974240
TI  - Syphilitic Erythema Nodosum.

PMID- 19974241
TI  - Chancre of the Tongue.

PMID- 19974243
TI  - Chronic Tuberculosis Cutis.

PMID- 19974242
TI  - Non-ulcerative Tuberculides following Lupus vulgaris.

PMID- 19974244
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974245
TI  - Alopecia Areata.

PMID- 19974246
TI  - Xerodermia Pigmentosa with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19974248
TI  - Syphilitic Onychia.

PMID- 19974247
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19974249
TI  - Disseminated Lupus in a Girl aged 4(1/2).

PMID- 19974251
TI  - Curious Affection of the Finger- and Toe-nails.

PMID- 19974250
TI  - Thickening of the Skin of the Palms and Soles in a Woman aged 31.

PMID- 19974253
TI  - Lupus disseminatus faciei.

PMID- 19974252
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra in a Man aged 21.

PMID- 19974254
TI  - An Unusual Case of Lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 19974255
TI  - (?) Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19974256
TI  - Chronic Superficial Dermatitis in Patches with Symmetrical Distribution.

PMID- 19974257
TI  - Lichen Planus Annularis.

PMID- 19974258
TI  - Linear Naevus of Unusual Type (Naevus Acneiformis).

PMID- 19974259
TI  - Pseudo-xanthoma Elasticum.

PMID- 19974261
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974260
TI  - Report on Case of Extensive Acne with Scars.

PMID- 19974262
TI  - Phlebitis Nodularis Syphilitica.

PMID- 19974264
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19974263
TI  - Specimen of Spirochaeta Pallida prepared with Indian ink, with Demonstration of
      Method.

PMID- 19974265
TI  - Argyria.

PMID- 19974267
TI  - Keratodermie Blenorrhagique.

PMID- 19974266
TI  - Peculiar Form of Pigmentation of the Face and Neck in a Woman aged 40.

PMID- 19974268
TI  - A Series of Cases of Scrofulodermia and Lupus treated by Tuberculin Injections.

PMID- 19974269
TI  - Elephantiasis Associated with Tertiary Syphilis.

PMID- 19974270
TI  - Keratosis Palmaris et Plantaris Associated with Generalized Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19974271
TI  - Myxoedema in a Woman aged 41.

PMID- 19974272
TI  - Monilithrix in a Boy aged 3 years and 9 months.

PMID- 19974274
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974273
TI  - Linear Naevus of Unusual Character in a Boy aged 18.

PMID- 19974275
TI  - Lichen Planus in a Child.

PMID- 19974276
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19974277
TI  - Syphilis Illustrating the Importance of the Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19974278
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974279
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus associated with Erythema Iris.

PMID- 19974280
TI  - Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19974281
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris Erythematodes.

PMID- 19974282
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus almost exclusively limited to the Scalp.

PMID- 19974283
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19974285
TI  - Examination of the Intestines by Means of Rontgen Rays, both under Normal and
      Pathological Conditions.

PMID- 19974284
TI  - Electro-therapeutics in Gynaecology: (Presidential Address).

PMID- 19974287
TI  - A Simple X-ray Stereoscope.

PMID- 19974286
TI  - The Disappearance of Enlarged Glands in Lymphadenoma under Treatment by X-rays.

PMID- 19974288
TI  - A New Pocket Stereoscope for Use with X-ray Negatives.

PMID- 19974290
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974289
TI  - The Relief of Symptoms of Prostatic Obstruction by Electrical Treatment.

PMID- 19974291
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974293
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974292
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974295
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974294
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974296
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974297
TI  - The Relative Value of Various Types of High-tension Transformers (including Coil)
      Used for the Production of X-rays.

PMID- 19974298
TI  - The Treatment of Naevi by Electricity, Cautery, and Refrigeration.

PMID- 19974299
TI  - Radium in the Treatment of Malignant Growths.

PMID- 19974300
TI  - Points in the Diagnosis of Ureteral Calculi.

PMID- 19974301
TI  - The Static Wave Current.

PMID- 19974302
TI  - Vaccine Therapy-its Administration, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974303
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974304
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974305
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974306
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974307
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974308
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974309
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974311
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974310
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974312
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974313
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974314
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974315
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974317
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974316
TI  - Vaccine Therapy-its Administration, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974318
TI  - Discussion on Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974319
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974320
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974321
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974322
TI  - Vaccine Therapy-its Administration, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974324
TI  - Vaccine Therapy-its Administration, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974323
TI  - Vaccine Therapy-its Administration, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974325
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974327
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974326
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974328
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974329
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974330
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974331
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974332
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974333
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974335
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974334
TI  - Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations.

PMID- 19974337
TI  - "Bleeding Polypus" of the Inferior Turbinate.

PMID- 19974336
TI  - Chronic Glanders in a Man aged 24.

PMID- 19974338
TI  - Larynx, Four Rings of Trachea, and part of Thyroid Gland and Gullet removed
      during an act of Suicide.

PMID- 19974340
TI  - Tuberculous Perichondritis of Cricoid and Arytaenoid Cartilages.

PMID- 19974339
TI  - "Singer's Node" on Left Cord.

PMID- 19974341
TI  - Perichondritis of Thyroid Cartilage of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19974342
TI  - Papilloma of the Larynx in a Boy aged 6(1/2), of four years' duration, cured by
      Tracheotomy and repeated Operations by Direct Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19974343
TI  - Chronic Suppuration of the left Frontal Sinus, with Displacement of the Left
      Eyeball and Diplopia; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19974345
TI  - Complete Inspiratory Stenosis of the Larynx in a Man. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974344
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19974346
TI  - Unilateral Pansinusitis in a Man, aged 21; shown Six Weeks after Operation, when
      all Four Cavities were Operated on at One Sitting.

PMID- 19974347
TI  - Cast of Upper Jaw from a Case of Congenital Occlusion of the Posterior Naris.

PMID- 19974348
TI  - Atresia of the Anterior Naris.

PMID- 19974349
TI  - Asthma; Improvement after Nasal Treatment.

PMID- 19974351
TI  - Intranasal Disease (Obstruction, Pressure and Ethmoidal Suppuration) associated
      with aggravated, lifelong Stammering.

PMID- 19974350
TI  - OEsophageal Stenosis in a Man, aged 53.

PMID- 19974353
TI  - Healed Tuberculous Laryngitis, treated by Galvano-Puncture.

PMID- 19974352
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis; Abductor Paralysis right side, Abductor Paresis
      left side.

PMID- 19974354
TI  - A Vulsellum-catch Forceps for Firmly Securing Submerged Tonsils in the Operation
      for their More Efficient Removal.

PMID- 19974355
TI  - Papillomata of Larynx from a Boy, aged 6.

PMID- 19974357
TI  - Tuberculosis of Larynx in a Girl, aged 12.

PMID- 19974356
TI  - A Portion of Mutton-bone Removed by the Direct Method from the Right Bronchus of
      a Lady in whom it had been Lodged for Ten Days.

PMID- 19974358
TI  - Extreme Deflection of Triangular Cartilage, with Crest and Adhesions, and
      Anterior Prickle-shaped Spur, treated by Septal Fissure.

PMID- 19974359
TI  - Woman, aged 56, after Laryngo-fissure for Subglottic Enchondroma.

PMID- 19974360
TI  - Extra-laryngeal Inoperable Carcinoma, shown to illustrate the Beneficial Effects
      of Operation on the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19974361
TI  - Removal of the Hypertrophied Anterior Lip of the Hiatus Semilunaris for long
      standing Catarrh.

PMID- 19974362
TI  - Malformation of the Soft Palate and Uvula in a Girl, aged 16.

PMID- 19974364
TI  - A Penny Removed from the Gullet of a Young Girl.

PMID- 19974363
TI  - Large Chronic Swelling in the Right Tonsillar and Epitonsillar Region, with an
      Enlarged Gland in the Neck.? Sarcoma.

PMID- 19974365
TI  - Left Abductor Paralysis in a Man, aged 64. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974366
TI  - Excision of the Entire Tongue, with its Results.

PMID- 19974367
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974368
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19974369
TI  - Fungating Mass on the Epiglottis, with Implication of the Larynx in a Man, aged
      45.

PMID- 19974370
TI  - Model of the Upper and Lower Jaws and Impression of the Roof of the Mouth from a
      Young Man, aged 19.

PMID- 19974372
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx in a Man, aged 69, fourteen months after Operation.

PMID- 19974371
TI  - Party-wall Pharyngeal Cancer.

PMID- 19974373
TI  - Two Cases of Radical Frontal Sinus Operation, to show the Conditions nine and
      sixteen months after Operation.

PMID- 19974375
TI  - Extrinsic Malignant Growth of Larynx.

PMID- 19974374
TI  - Ulceration of the Epiglottis, probably Epitheliomatous.

PMID- 19974376
TI  - Traumatic (post-operative) Perforation through the Hard Palate, communicating
      with the Floor of Left Nasal Fossa and Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19974378
TI  - Odynphagia in a Tuberculous Subject, without any obvious Disease of the Larynx.

PMID- 19974377
TI  - Infiltration of the Right Half of the Larynx of Obscure Nature in a Woman, aged
      34.

PMID- 19974379
TI  - New Growth of Right Tonsil invading the Surrounding Tissues.

PMID- 19974380
TI  - Obstruction of both Nostrils.

PMID- 19974381
TI  - Laryngeal Paralysis following Partial Removal of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19974382
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx, with Extreme Odynphagia, relieved by Injection of
      Alcohol into the Left Superior Laryngeal Nerve.

PMID- 19974383
TI  - Probable Late Secondary Specific Pharyngitis, with Nerve Symptoms.

PMID- 19974384
TI  - Hypertrophy of the Lingual Tonsil, with Impairment of Singing Voice, improved by
      a Snaring Operation.

PMID- 19974385
TI  - Epithelioma of the Right Vocal Cord in a Man, aged 60, seven months after
      Operation; no Recurrence; Development of Cicatricial Substitute for Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19974386
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of Epiglottis apparently healed by frequent use of Electro
      cautery.

PMID- 19974388
TI  - Infiltration of Left Ventricular Band.? Neoplasm.? Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19974387
TI  - A Series of Specimens and a Case illustrating Diseases of the Ventricle of the
      Larynx.

PMID- 19974389
TI  - Tumour of Post-nasal Space in a Man, aged 27.

PMID- 19974390
TI  - Bilateral Abductor Paralysis from Central Nerve Disease.

PMID- 19974391
TI  - Loss of Voice with Dyspnoea in a Woman, aged 26.

PMID- 19974392
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Bony Part of the Palate in a Girl, aged 16.

PMID- 19974393
TI  - Ulceration of Palate.

PMID- 19974394
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx, with considerable Dysphagia, treated and relieved by
      Congestion Hyperaemia.

PMID- 19974395
TI  - Large Globular Dilatation of the Upper Third of the OEsophagus above a Malignant
      Stricture.

PMID- 19974396
TI  - Endolaryngeal Carcinoma.

PMID- 19974397
TI  - Epithelioma of the Right Vocal Cord in a Man aged 60; Removal by Thyrotomy.

PMID- 19974398
TI  - Partial Fixation of the Left Vocal Cord, presumably of twenty-one years'
      duration, in a Male aged 57.

PMID- 19974399
TI  - Epithelioma of Left Vocal Cord in a Woman aged 58; Removal by Thyrotomy.

PMID- 19974400
TI  - Neoplasm of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19974401
TI  - Paralysis of the Right Vocal Cord in a Case of Myotonia Atrophica.

PMID- 19974402
TI  - Swelling on Left Side of Neck, accompanied by Dyspnoea, in a Male aged 28.

PMID- 19974403
TI  - Acute Pemphigus of the Larynx in a Woman aged 40.

PMID- 19974404
TI  - Demonstration of Hay's Pharyngoscope.

PMID- 19974405
TI  - Soft Foreign Body in the Bronchus.

PMID- 19974407
TI  - Epithelioma of Nasal Vestibules and adjacent Areas; Recurrence after Surgical
      Removal; Radium Treatment commenced.

PMID- 19974406
TI  - Two Cases of Malignant Disease of the Neck, undergoing Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19974408
TI  - An Improved Direct-vision Laryngoscope for Endolaryngeal Operations.

PMID- 19974409
TI  - Peculiar Erythema of the left Palate in a Man aged 41 who had been a considerable
      smoker.

PMID- 19974410
TI  - Frontal Sinus Disease, with Necrosis, in a Man aged 33.

PMID- 19974412
TI  - Ulcer of Doubtful Nature on the Left Arytaenoid Cartilage in a Man aged 63.

PMID- 19974411
TI  - Secondary Specific Pharyngitis in a Young Woman.

PMID- 19974413
TI  - Perforation of Nasal Septum from Salt (NaCl) Dust.

PMID- 19974414
TI  - An Attachment to von Brunings' Instrument for Facilitating Manipulations under
      Direct Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19974416
TI  - Hoarseness of One Month's Duration in a Woman aged 60.

PMID- 19974415
TI  - Chronic Laryngitis in a Man aged 26.? Prolapse of Ventricle on Right Side.

PMID- 19974418
TI  - When is Cancer Cured? Larynx of a Man, aged 78, whose Right Vocal Cord was
      removed for Epithelioma in September, 1896.

PMID- 19974417
TI  - Tuberculosis of Epiglottis treated by Amputation of Diseased Portion.

PMID- 19974419
TI  - Complete Stenosis of Larynx left after Diphtheria and Tracheotomy, in a Boy when
      aged 1 year and 2 months; completely cured by Repeated Intubations spread over
      Three Years.

PMID- 19974420
TI  - Probable Malignant Disease of the Larynx in a Woman aged 47.

PMID- 19974421
TI  - A Series of Skulls Demonstrating Variations in the Relations of the Sphenoidal
      Sinus and of the Spheno-ethmoidal Cell.

PMID- 19974422
TI  - Laryngeal Growth.

PMID- 19974423
TI  - Specimen of Goitre and Portions of Larynx and Trachea from a Woman aged 37.

PMID- 19974424
TI  - Cases of Malignant Disease Treated by Radium.

PMID- 19974426
TI  - Two Cases of Hoarseness.

PMID- 19974425
TI  - Removal of the Frontal Bone for Septic Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19974427
TI  - Model by which the Variation in Effect of "Back" and "Belly" Breathing on the
      Stresses, Strains, and Frictions in the Throat and Larynx, more especially of the
      Cricoid Cartilage on the Spinal Column, and also the Transverse Axis of
      Respiratory Rotation of the Cricoid on the Thyroid Cartilage, can be illustrated.

PMID- 19974429
TI  - Further Notes on a Case of Hoarseness in a Woman aged 60.

PMID- 19974428
TI  - Extrinsic Carcinoma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19974430
TI  - Complete Occlusion of Left Nostril by Deflected Triangular Cartilage in a Girl
      aged 7(1/2).

PMID- 19974431
TI  - Tuberculosis of Pharynx.

PMID- 19974432
TI  - Tuberculosis of all the Left Vocal Cord and Inter-arytaenoid Space, in a Lady
      aged 46, completely healed by Two Months' Silence and Sanatorium Treatment.

PMID- 19974433
TI  - Tuberculosis of both Vocal Processes, in a Medical Man aged 41, Cicatrized with
      Seven Applications of the Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19974434
TI  - Laryngeal New Growth for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974435
TI  - Endothelioma of the Ethnoid.

PMID- 19974436
TI  - Specific Ulceration of the Lower Lip, Inside of the Cheek, and Tongue.

PMID- 19974437
TI  - Bands between Eustachian Tube and Pharynx.

PMID- 19974438
TI  - Extensive Tuberculosis of the Epiglottis, left Ary-epiglottic Fold, and Left
      Inter-arytaenoid Space, in a Gentleman aged 47, completely healed by the Galvano
      cautery and Sanatorium Treatment.

PMID- 19974439
TI  - General Infiltration of Larynx, probably Luetic.

PMID- 19974440
TI  - Destructive Ulceration of the Hard and Soft Palate in a Young Male Adult, with
      Exfoliation of Large Mesial Sequestrum, apparently of Specific origin, in a
      Tuberculous Subject.

PMID- 19974441
TI  - Growth of the Nasopharynx of an Elderly Female, like very pale "Adenoids," but
      much more Dense in Consistence, suggestive of Malignancy.

PMID- 19974442
TI  - Microscopical Section from Fragment of an Adenoid-like Growth in the Nasopharynx
      of a Middle-aged Lady, probably an Early Stage of Epithelioma.

PMID- 19974443
TI  - Laryngeal Growth, probably Malignant, in a Man aged 61.

PMID- 19974445
TI  - Fracture in Hyoid Bone in a Man aged 56 ("Garrotter's Throat").

PMID- 19974444
TI  - Two Cases of Foreign Bodies: (A) in Lung, (B) in OEsophagus.

PMID- 19974446
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans affecting the Larynx and Fauces, Nasal Cavities, Tongue,
      Cheek, and Lips of a Woman aged 40.

PMID- 19974447
TI  - Laryngeal Vertigo in a Man aged 47.

PMID- 19974448
TI  - Large Tuberculous Ulcer on the Right Side of the Tongue in a Man aged 42.

PMID- 19974450
TI  - Rare Congenital Deformity of the Nose in an Infant.

PMID- 19974449
TI  - Leucoplakia (?) of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19974451
TI  - Lupus of the Nose, Hard Palate, Fauces, and Epiglottis, in a Girl aged 10.

PMID- 19974453
TI  - Extensive Tuberculosis of the Larynx in a Middle-aged Man, with Rapid Evolution,
      showing almost Complete Recovery. Galvano-caustic Treatment.

PMID- 19974452
TI  - Specimen of Lymphosarcoma of the Tonsil, removed by Lateral Pharyngotomy after
      Vohsen's Method.

PMID- 19974454
TI  - Extensive Fracture of Nasal Septum, complicating Maxillary Suppuration, in a
      Woman aged 39; Operations; Recovery.

PMID- 19974455
TI  - Paresis of Palate, Pharynx, and OEsophagus.

PMID- 19974456
TI  - Extension of Cuticle inside the Nostrils of a Man, aged 41.

PMID- 19974457
TI  - Congenital Occlusion of the Left Posterior Nares in a Girl aged 19.

PMID- 19974458
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974459
TI  - Hypertrophic Laryngitis with Stenosis in a Syphilitic Subject.

PMID- 19974460
TI  - Benign Laryngeal Growth.

PMID- 19974461
TI  - Papilloma of the Larynx with Symmetrical Papillomata on the Palate.

PMID- 19974462
TI  - Removal of a Rapidly-growing soft Fibroma from Posterior Wall of Left Maxillary
      Antrum by a modified Rouge's Operation.

PMID- 19974464
TI  - Specimen of the Face and Mouth of a Female Infant, showing arrest of Development
      of the Right Half of the Tongue, combined with a Cleft of the Soft Palate and a
      Palatolingual Fold.

PMID- 19974463
TI  - Papillomata of Larynx from a Boy, aged 6, removed by Direct Method.

PMID- 19974465
TI  - On Oxaluria and the Treatment of Calcium Oxalate Deposit from the Urine, with a
      Method for the Solution of Calcium Oxalate Calculus whilst in the Urinary
      Passages.

PMID- 19974466
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974467
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974468
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals: (St.
      Thomas's).

PMID- 19974470
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals: (Royal
      Free).

PMID- 19974469
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals:
      (Westminster).

PMID- 19974471
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals: (London).

PMID- 19974472
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals: (Victoria).

PMID- 19974473
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals: (East
      London).

PMID- 19974474
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals: (University
      College).

PMID- 19974475
TI  - Statistics of Pericarditis with Effusion, from the London Hospitals: (St.
      Bartholomew's).

PMID- 19974476
TI  - Hospital Infection of Tuberculosis as exemplified by the Records of the Resident
      Staff of the Mount Vernon Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest for
      the past Fifteen Years.

PMID- 19974477
TI  - A Consideration of the Results of the Pancreatic (Cammidge) Reaction in 1,475
      Cases.

PMID- 19974479
TI  - A Combination of the Auscultatory and Tactile Methods of Reading the Arterial
      Pressure: (Systolic and Diastolic).

PMID- 19974480
TI  - On Dorsal Percussion of the Thorax and of the Stomach, and a New Stomach Sign.

PMID- 19974478
TI  - The Diagnostic Value of an Analysis of the Faeces in Diseases of the Pancreas.

PMID- 19974482
TI  - On the Treatment of Tetanus by the Intraspinal Injection of a Solution of
      Magnesium Sulphate, with Cases.

PMID- 19974481
TI  - The Role of Fats in the Treatment of Disorders of the Stomach.

PMID- 19974484
TI  - Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post-mortem
      Examination.

PMID- 19974483
TI  - Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post-mortem
      Examination.

PMID- 19974485
TI  - Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post-mortem
      Examination.

PMID- 19974487
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974486
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974488
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974489
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974490
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974492
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974491
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974493
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974495
TI  - Special Sense Discharges from Organic Disease: (The Hughlings Jackson Lecture.).

PMID- 19974494
TI  - Discussion on Pericarditis with Effusion, as determined by Operation or Post
      mortem Examination.

PMID- 19974496
TI  - (?) Syringomyelia with Brown-Sequard Syndrome.

PMID- 19974498
TI  - Syringomyelia with Total Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19974497
TI  - Myopathy (Juvenile Type).

PMID- 19974500
TI  - Acute Degenerative Changes in the Nervous System, as Illustrated by Snake-venom
      Poisoning.

PMID- 19974499
TI  - Myoclonus with Spasm of the Tongue.

PMID- 19974501
TI  - An Examination of the Blood Serum of Idiots by the Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19974502
TI  - Secondary Growths affecting Spinal Roots: With Pathological Report.

PMID- 19974503
TI  - Acute Cerebral Softening,? due to Venous Thrombosis.

PMID- 19974504
TI  - Recurring Left-sided Convulsions, with Transient Motor Aphasia, in a Left-handed
      Woman.

PMID- 19974506
TI  - Left Hemiplegia and Left Third Nerve Paralysis.

PMID- 19974505
TI  - Case of Tremor.

PMID- 19974508
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic Syphilitic Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19974507
TI  - Compression Paraplegia: Syphilitic Meningitis.

PMID- 19974509
TI  - Chronic Meningo-myelitis: Internal Ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 19974511
TI  - Spasmodic Neurosis.? Paramyoclonus Multiplex.

PMID- 19974510
TI  - Tabes with Amyotrophy.

PMID- 19974512
TI  - Thrombosis of Cerebral Arteries.

PMID- 19974513
TI  - Cerebral Haemorrhage from Luetic Vessels.

PMID- 19974514
TI  - Congenital Lues causing Optic Atrophy and ultimately leading to Dementia
      Paralytica Juvenilis.

PMID- 19974516
TI  - Affection of Posterior Roots of Lower Cervical and Upper Dorsal Nerves? Tabes?
      Lateral Sclerosis.

PMID- 19974515
TI  - Chronic Syphilitic Meningitis with Compression of the Cord.

PMID- 19974517
TI  - Syphilis and Parasyphilis of the Nervous System.

PMID- 19974518
TI  - Syphilis of the Nervous System within Six Years of Infection.

PMID- 19974519
TI  - Tumours of the Pineal Body.

PMID- 19974521
TI  - Thrombosis of the Left Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery followed by severe
      Trigeminal Neuralgia in the Analgesic Facial Area.

PMID- 19974520
TI  - Pontine Thrombosis causing Anaesthesia of the Fifth Nerve and Hemianaesthesia of
      the same side.

PMID- 19974522
TI  - Olivo-ponto-cerebellar Atrophy.

PMID- 19974523
TI  - Cerebellar Sclerosis.

PMID- 19974524
TI  - Distal Type of Myopathy.

PMID- 19974525
TI  - Distal Type of Myopathy in several Members of a Family.

PMID- 19974526
TI  - Amyotonia (Myatonia) Congenita.

PMID- 19974527
TI  - Two Cases of a Nervous Disease of Undetermined Nature occurring in a Brother and
      Sister.

PMID- 19974528
TI  - Cerebellar Tumour.

PMID- 19974530
TI  - Pain associated with Disorders of the Female Genital Organs: (Presidental
      Address).

PMID- 19974529
TI  - Disseminated Sclerosis.

PMID- 19974531
TI  - Adenoma Malignum Cysticum Cervicis Uteri.
AB  - A woman was admitted to hospital with extensive malignant growth in vagina of
      more than eighteen months' standing. The growth sprang from the cervix and filled
      the vagina without involving it. It was treated by preliminary scarping, and then
      by abdominal panhysterectomy, with recovery. The growth was found to be malignant
      adenoma with very extensive formation of small cysts.

PMID- 19974532
TI  - Myomatous Tumour of the Uterus simulating Sarcomatous Growth.

PMID- 19974533
TI  - Prolapsus Uteri with severe Cardiac Disease operated on under Local and Spinal
      Analgesia.

PMID- 19974535
TI  - Placenta Praevia in which it was deemed advisable to perform Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19974534
TI  - Pelvic Haematocele of Ovarian Origin.

PMID- 19974536
TI  - Modern Methods of Delivery in Contracted Pelves.

PMID- 19974537
TI  - Fibroid of the Vaginal Wall.

PMID- 19974538
TI  - Ectopic Gestation.

PMID- 19974539
TI  - Ovarian Pregnancy.

PMID- 19974540
TI  - Tubal Mole.

PMID- 19974541
TI  - Spontaneous Transverse Rupture of the Uterus at the Fundus during Labour.

PMID- 19974543
TI  - Squamous-celled Carcinoma of a Dermoid Cyst of the Ovary.

PMID- 19974542
TI  - Extensive Retroperitoneal Haematocele complicating a large Uterine Fibroid:
      Operation: Cure.

PMID- 19974545
TI  - A Degenerating Fibromyoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19974544
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Ovary.

PMID- 19974546
TI  - Tubo-abdominal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19974547
TI  - A Secondary Implantation Teratomatous Cyst.

PMID- 19974548
TI  - Abscess of the Ovary probably due to Infection by the Amoeba coli.

PMID- 19974549
TI  - Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus, with Keratinization of the Growth.

PMID- 19974550
TI  - Adenofibromatous Polypus of Uterus showing Early Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19974551
TI  - Microscopic Appearances in Tubal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19974552
TI  - Points for the Use of, and Indications for, Electrotherapy in some Gynaecological
      Affections.

PMID- 19974553
TI  - Carcinoma of the Cervix of a Prolapsed Uterus in a Patient aged 86, with a
      Contact Carcinoma on one of the Labia. Viginal Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19974554
TI  - Myomectomy during Pregnancy.

PMID- 19974555
TI  - The Place of Caesarean Section in the Treatment of Placenta Praevia.

PMID- 19974556
TI  - A very large Cervix Fibroid.

PMID- 19974557
TI  - Sarcoma of the Body of the Uterus from a Girl aged 20.

PMID- 19974558
TI  - Specimen of Torsion of the Body of the Uterus.

PMID- 19974559
TI  - Large Cervical Fibroid in the Vagina obstructing Labour.

PMID- 19974560
TI  - A Fibroid of the Cervix and Body of the Uterus.

PMID- 19974562
TI  - Caesarean Section in the Treatment of Eclampsia Gravidarum, with Notes of a
      Successful Case.

PMID- 19974561
TI  - Pregnancy in a Septate Uterus treated by Abdominal Hysterectomy 5 Months after
      the Death of Foetus at Full Term.

PMID- 19974564
TI  - The Pelvic Conditions resulting from the Slighter Forms of Puerperal Sepsis, and
      their Treatment.

PMID- 19974563
TI  - A Contribution to the Life-history of Fibromyomata of the Uterus.

PMID- 19974565
TI  - Tubal Mole, with OEdema of the Connective Tissue of the Villi.

PMID- 19974566
TI  - Adenomyoma of the Fallopian Tube, with Tuberculous Salpingitis.

PMID- 19974567
TI  - Fibrosis of the Uterus causing Persistent Haemorrhagia.

PMID- 19974568
TI  - Double Uterus (Atresia of one-half) with Dysmenorrhoea.

PMID- 19974569
TI  - Leucoplakic Vulvitis and its Relation to Kraurosis Vulvae and Carcinoma Vulvae.

PMID- 19974570
TI  - A Large, Solid Ovarian Tumour.? Adeno-carcinoma.

PMID- 19974571
TI  - Fibromyoma and Pregnancy, Thrombosis of Veins and Necrobiosis of the Tumour.

PMID- 19974572
TI  - Kraurosis of the Vulva, with Commencing Carcinoma.

PMID- 19974573
TI  - Adenomyoma of the Vaginal Wall.

PMID- 19974574
TI  - Rupture of the Uterus treated by Suture of the Rent per Vaginam and Drainage.

PMID- 19974575
TI  - Abdominal Hysterectomy, sixty-three hours after Labour, for a Necrosed and
      Suppurating Subperitoneal Fibroid.

PMID- 19974576
TI  - Note on a Case of Cystic Tumour of the Right Broad Ligament, springing from the
      Uterus, and apparently developed from Gartner's Duct.

PMID- 19974578
TI  - Tumour of the Uterus, of Doubtful Nature.

PMID- 19974577
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Carcinoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19974579
TI  - Myxofibroma of an Ovary removed under Spinal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19974581
TI  - Quadruplets born at the Twenty-sixth Week.

PMID- 19974580
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube associated with Acute Inflammatory
      Mischief.

PMID- 19974583
TI  - Bilateral Tuberculous Pyosalpinx.

PMID- 19974584
TI  - Posterior Caesarean Section followed by Total Hysterectomy for Fibroids.

PMID- 19974582
TI  - Placenta and Membranes of Quadruplets.

PMID- 19974586
TI  - An Atypical Malignant Tumour of the Uterus.

PMID- 19974585
TI  - The Proportion of Malignant to Innocent Ovarian Growth, Founded on a Series of
      150 Cases.

PMID- 19974587
TI  - The Relation of Dentistry to other Branches of Medicine and its Bearing upon the
      Public Health: (Preisidental Address).

PMID- 19974588
TI  - Two Cases of Suppuration in the Maxilla.

PMID- 19974589
TI  - Neuralgia due to Impacted Lower Wisdom Teeth, in which Skiagrams helped the
      Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974590
TI  - Two Cases of Suppurating Dental Cysts invading the Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19974591
TI  - Painful.Attrition.

PMID- 19974592
TI  - Two Odontoceles, and some other Cysts.

PMID- 19974594
TI  - The Spindles of von Ebner.

PMID- 19974593
TI  - Report of the Honorary Curator.

PMID- 19974596
TI  - A Case showing the Result of Extraction of the Six-year-old Molars.

PMID- 19974595
TI  - Some Egyptian Skulls.

PMID- 19974597
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Hopewell-Smith's Paper on "Two Odontoceles and some other
      Cysts".

PMID- 19974598
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Hopewell-Smith's Paper on "Two Odontoceles and some other
      Cysts".

PMID- 19974599
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Hopewell-Smith's Paper on "Two Odontoceles and some other
      Cysts".

PMID- 19974600
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Hopewell-Smith's Paper on "Two Odontoceles and some other
      Cysts".

PMID- 19974601
TI  - Papillomata of the Uvula.

PMID- 19974602
TI  - Exostoses of the Mandible.

PMID- 19974603
TI  - Some Observations on the Bacteriology of Pyorrhoea Alveolaris, and the Treatment
      of the Disease by Bacterial Vaccines.

PMID- 19974604
TI  - Unilateral Overgrowth of the Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19974605
TI  - Fracture of the Mandible set with a Silver Splint made by the Casting Process.

PMID- 19974607
TI  - The Bacteriology of Pyorrhoea Alveolaris and the Results of Treatment by
      Bacterial Vaccines: (Discussion).

PMID- 19974606
TI  - The Vaccine Treatment of Early Cases of Pyorrhoea Alveolaris.

PMID- 19974608
TI  - Some Experiments on the Relative Susceptibility of Different Teeth to Dental
      Caries.

PMID- 19974609
TI  - A Sterilizable Film-holder.

PMID- 19974610
TI  - A Method of ascertaining the Relative Position of Unerupted Teeth by means of
      Film Radiographs.

PMID- 19974612
TI  - Rupture of a Gastric Ulcer while in a Dental Chair.

PMID- 19974611
TI  - Infective Disease of the Jaws associated with the Absorption of the Teeth.

PMID- 19974613
TI  - Vertical Fracture through the Mandible and Canine Tooth.

PMID- 19974614
TI  - Observations on the Condition of the Mouth in 1,000 consecutive Cases of Chronic
      Disease.

PMID- 19974615
TI  - Audible Tinnitus.

PMID- 19974616
TI  - Lantern-slide Demonstration, illustrating the Pathological Changes found in the
      Ear of Deaf-mutes.

PMID- 19974617
TI  - Long-continued Suppuration (Aural) with Spontaneous Cure?

PMID- 19974618
TI  - Letter from Professor Politzer.

PMID- 19974620
TI  - Summary of the Post-operative Tests in Eight Cases of Labyrinthine Disease.

PMID- 19974619
TI  - Microscopical Sections through the Mastoid Antrum in a Fatal Case of Scarlet
      Fever demonstrating Streptococcus conglomeratus in situ.

PMID- 19974621
TI  - Demonstration of some Anatomical and Pathological Preparations.

PMID- 19974622
TI  - Deafness and Discomfort in the Right Ear as Early Symptoms in a Case of
      Epithelioma originating near the Right Eustachian Tube.

PMID- 19974623
TI  - Endothelioma of the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19974624
TI  - Some Features of the Auditory Apparatus of a 16 mm. Human Embryo, as shown in a
      Reconstruction Model (by the Wax-plate method of Born).

PMID- 19974625
TI  - Pulsating Angioma (Angioma racemosa, Cirsoid aneurysm) of the Right Auricle.

PMID- 19974626
TI  - Objective Clicking Sound in Left Ear.

PMID- 19974627
TI  - Tabetic Deafness.

PMID- 19974628
TI  - An Acoustic Aid for Persons partially Deaf from various Causes.

PMID- 19974630
TI  - Pedunculated Papilliform Growth, springing from the Posterior Border of the
      Cartilaginous Meatus.

PMID- 19974629
TI  - Twenty Specimens of Chronic Middle-ear Suppuration and its Sequelae, Eighteen of
      the Bones being of the Infantile types and two Cellular.

PMID- 19974631
TI  - Large Nasopharyngeal Growth in a Boy aged 12.

PMID- 19974632
TI  - Demonstration of Kuhn's instruments for Per-oral Intubation.

PMID- 19974633
TI  - Case with Well-defined and Transitory Meniere's Symptoms; (?) Migraine with
      Auditory and Vistibular Phenomena.

PMID- 19974634
TI  - Thickening of the Cartilage of both Auricles (?) Othaematoma.

PMID- 19974636
TI  - Mucous Polypus presenting at the Pharyngeal Orifice of the left Eustachian Tube
      in a Man suffering from Bilateral Chronic Adhesive Otitis Media.

PMID- 19974635
TI  - Audible Tinnitus.

PMID- 19974638
TI  - Adventitious Membrane, resembling Normal Drum, formed after Radical Mastoid
      Operation.

PMID- 19974637
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Right Temporal Bone, secondary to Mastoid Disease; Removal;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19974639
TI  - Left Facial Paralysis following a mild Catarrh of the Middle Ear. No Perforation.

PMID- 19974640
TI  - Papilloma on the Posterior Superior Quadrant of the Right Drum.

PMID- 19974641
TI  - Endothelioma of Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19974642
TI  - (?) Congenital Defect of both Tympanic Plates.

PMID- 19974643
TI  - Notes on the Pathogeny of Cholesteatomata.

PMID- 19974644
TI  - Deformity of both Pinnae resulting from Perichondritis following Double Mastoid
      Operation.

PMID- 19974645
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess in which Vomiting was entirely Absent.

PMID- 19974646
TI  - Hysterical Deafness with Active Vestibular Reactions.

PMID- 19974647
TI  - Exostosis of Right External Meatus in a Boy aged 10.

PMID- 19974648
TI  - A Case in which the Clinical Symptoms simulated a Cerebellar Abscess. Brain
      explored on two occasions. No Abscess discovered. Recovery.

PMID- 19974649
TI  - Specimen of Cholesteatoma or Keratosis Obturans of the External Auditory Canal.

PMID- 19974650
TI  - Two Cases of Cholesteatoma of Unusual Size extending into the Posterior Fossa and
      causing Obliteration of the Sigmoid Sinus.

PMID- 19974651
TI  - Malignant Growth of the Right Temporal Bone, with Extension through the External
      Meatus, resembling an Aural Polypus.

PMID- 19974652
TI  - Specimen of Fracture of the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19974653
TI  - Demonstration of Hays' Pharyngoscope.

PMID- 19974654
TI  - Action of Thyroid and Antithyroid Preparations.

PMID- 19974655
TI  - The Influence of Oophorectomy upon the Growth of the Pelvis.

PMID- 19974656
TI  - Attempts to produce Chondromatous or Osteomatous Growths by the Grafting of
      Foetal Bones.

PMID- 19974657
TI  - Examination of the Brain of a Man who Lived Seven Hours after Receiving a Shock
      of 20,000 volts.

PMID- 19974658
TI  - Bile-producing Primary Malignant Tumour of the Liver ("Malignant Adenoma"): with
      Remarks on the Cells of Malignant Tumours retaining some of the Metabolic or
      other Functional Characteristics of the Cell-type from which they are derived.

PMID- 19974659
TI  - Amyloid Degeneration in an Adenoma of the Liver: De degeneratione amyloide in
      hepatis adenomate.

PMID- 19974660
TI  - The Effect of the Injection of the various Tuberculins and of Tubercle Endotoxin
      on the Opsonizing action of the Serum of Healthy Rabbits.

PMID- 19974662
TI  - Some Points in the Pathology of Acne.

PMID- 19974661
TI  - A Lipoclastic accelerating Action of Serum as an Index in Pathological
      Conditions.

PMID- 19974663
TI  - Rhabdomyoma of the Urinary Bladder.

PMID- 19974664
TI  - A Note on Eosinophile Cells in the Exudate from Tick-bites on a Horse.

PMID- 19974665
TI  - Retroperitoneal Teratoma connected with the Spinal Canal.

PMID- 19974666
TI  - The Result of Double Oophorectomy upon the Growth of the Uterus in the Rabbit.

PMID- 19974667
TI  - Systematic Histological Examination of the Central Nervous System of a Case of
      Transverse Lesion of the Spinal Cord in the Lower Cervical Region.

PMID- 19974668
TI  - A Method for Studying the Action of Blood-fluids and other Substances on the
      Leucocytes.

PMID- 19974669
TI  - An Experimental Investigation into the Origin and Cause of the "Pancreatic"
      (Cammidge) Reaction in the Urine.

PMID- 19974670
TI  - Extensive yet Incomplete Fibro-caseous Disease of both Suprarenal Capsules in
      which Symptomsof Addison's Disease were not present.

PMID- 19974671
TI  - Bronzed Diabetes, with Cirrhosis of both Liver and Pancreas; and Pigmentary
      Deposits in these Organs as well as in the Skin.

PMID- 19974672
TI  - A Chylous Cyst Excised from the Neck.

PMID- 19974673
TI  - A Large Chylous Cyst of the Mesentery.

PMID- 19974674
TI  - Heart Massage in Heart Failure during Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19974675
TI  - Notes on an Apparatus for the Administration of Ether by the purely Open Method.

PMID- 19974676
TI  - "Lymphatism.": With Pathological Report.

PMID- 19974677
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974679
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974678
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974680
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974681
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974682
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974684
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974683
TI  - Discussion on "Lymphatism.".

PMID- 19974686
TI  - Appointment of a Committee on "Lymphatism".

PMID- 19974685
TI  - The Choice of the Anaesthetic.

PMID- 19974687
TI  - Poverty and Disease: (Presidential Address).

PMID- 19974688
TI  - Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.

PMID- 19974689
TI  - Contribution to the Study of the Influences determining the Prevalence of Bovine
      Tuberculous Mastitis.

PMID- 19974690
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974691
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974692
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974694
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974693
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974695
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974696
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974697
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974698
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974699
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Niven's paper on "Summer Diarrhoea and Enteric Fever.".

PMID- 19974700
TI  - The Case-incidence in Nine Epidemics of Measles at a Public School, with Notes on
      the Pre-eruptive Symptoms.

PMID- 19974701
TI  - Scarlet Fever: Its Home Treatment and Prevention.

PMID- 19974702
TI  - The Control of Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19974703
TI  - The Communication of Diarrhoea from the Sick to the Healthy.

PMID- 19974704
TI  - Cases of Subacute Liver Atrophy, persistent Vomiting, and Lymphosarcoma, with
      Notes on Liver Pathology in Childhood.

PMID- 19974705
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Left Femur.

PMID- 19974707
TI  - Eighty consecutive Cases of Wasting Infants fed on Undiluted Citrated Milk.

PMID- 19974706
TI  - Congenital Thoracic Deformity: Absence of Part of the Pectoralis Major.

PMID- 19974708
TI  - Three Cases of Oxycephaly.

PMID- 19974709
TI  - Speech Defect.

PMID- 19974710
TI  - Congenital Scoliosis.

PMID- 19974712
TI  - Juvenile General Paralysis, with loss of Knee-jerks.

PMID- 19974711
TI  - Blue Patches on the Buttocks and Lumbar Region.

PMID- 19974713
TI  - Lymphadenoma starting at the Twenty-fifth Month.

PMID- 19974714
TI  - Congenital Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19974715
TI  - Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19974716
TI  - Malignant Endocarditis of the Tricuspid Valve in a Child aged 6 years.

PMID- 19974718
TI  - Ateleiosis in a Man, aged 42; Physical Development said to have been Arrested at
      about the age of 9 years.

PMID- 19974717
TI  - Pneumococcal Infection in an Infant simulating Generalized Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19974719
TI  - (?) Myositis Fibrosa.

PMID- 19974720
TI  - Amaurotic Family Idiocy.

PMID- 19974721
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Heart.

PMID- 19974722
TI  - Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis in a Girl, aged 18.

PMID- 19974723
TI  - Air-swallowing.

PMID- 19974724
TI  - Pathological Report on Case of Myelogenous Leukaemia in an Infant, aged 18
      months.

PMID- 19974725
TI  - Enormous Sarcomatous Tumour in a Child, aged 2 years.

PMID- 19974726
TI  - Multilocular Cystic Hygroma of Neck.

PMID- 19974728
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Muscular Paralysis.

PMID- 19974727
TI  - Subperiosteal Resection of the Shaft of the Ulna for Tuberculous Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19974729
TI  - Partial Tarsectomy for Tuberculous Disease.

PMID- 19974730
TI  - Absence of Puncta Lachrymalia (Bilateral).

PMID- 19974731
TI  - Syphilitic Dermatitis.

PMID- 19974732
TI  - Specimen of Large-celled Sarcoma of Brain.

PMID- 19974733
TI  - Specimen of Peritoneal Growths from a Case of Lymphocythaemia, with blood-slides.

PMID- 19974734
TI  - Intussusception of the Small Intestine, containing a Sarcoma of Intestinal Wall,
      in a Boy, aged 4 years; Enterectomy; Recovery.

PMID- 19974735
TI  - Pemphigus.

PMID- 19974736
TI  - Extensive Injury to the Head in a Boy, aged 7 years.

PMID- 19974737
TI  - Purpura.

PMID- 19974738
TI  - Specimen of a Chylous Cyst of the Mesentery associated with, and perhaps due to,
      Enlarged Glands in the Mesentery. Death from Volvulus.

PMID- 19974739
TI  - Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19974740
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974741
TI  - Shortening of Right Humerus and Left Thigh due to Unobserved Fractures in Early
      Life (Infantile Scurvy?).

PMID- 19974742
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Lymphosarcomatosis, with Clinical and Post-mortem Notes.

PMID- 19974744
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974743
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974745
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974747
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974746
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974748
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974749
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974750
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974752
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974751
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974753
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Intussusception in Children.

PMID- 19974754
TI  - Idiopathic Dilatation of the Colon.

PMID- 19974755
TI  - Chloroma.

PMID- 19974757
TI  - Extracapsular Fracture of Neck of Thigh-bone in Boy aged 6.

PMID- 19974756
TI  - Two Cases of Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis involving the Four Limbs.

PMID- 19974758
TI  - Congenital Hemidystrophy.

PMID- 19974759
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974760
TI  - Acute Inflammation in an Appendix, involuted into the Lumen of the Caecum, which
      then formed the Apex of an Intussusception; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19974762
TI  - Strangulation of the Small Intestine by a Band in a Child aged 15 months.

PMID- 19974761
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Tonsil, associated with Tuberculous Glands of Neck.

PMID- 19974763
TI  - Multiple Peripheral Neuritis in a Child.

PMID- 19974765
TI  - A Case of Unidactyly.

PMID- 19974764
TI  - Cirrhosis of Liver.

PMID- 19974766
TI  - Achondroplasia in a Twin.

PMID- 19974767
TI  - Congenital Enlargement of One Limb occurring in Brother and Sister.

PMID- 19974768
TI  - Infantile Heart showing Nodules on Endocardium.

PMID- 19974770
TI  - Microscopical Section from the Liver of a Case of Icterus in an Infant.

PMID- 19974769
TI  - Compression of the Trachea by an Enlarged Thymus.

PMID- 19974771
TI  - Congenital Malformation of Heart showing Complete Atresia of the Pulmonary
      Artery.

PMID- 19974772
TI  - Congenital OEdema with Dilatation of the Intestinal Lymphatics.

PMID- 19974773
TI  - Hemiatrophy of Cerebral Hemisphere.

PMID- 19974774
TI  - Enlarged Spleen.

PMID- 19974775
TI  - Prolapse of Intestine through Ectopia Vesicae.

PMID- 19974776
TI  - Separation and Displacement Forwards of the Lower Epiphysis of the Femur treated
      by Plate and Screws.

PMID- 19974777
TI  - Family Amaurotic Idiocy without Characteristic Ophthalmoscopic Signs.

PMID- 19974779
TI  - Splenomegaly and Hydrocephalus.

PMID- 19974778
TI  - Internal Hydrocephalus and Amaurosis without Definite Ophthalmoscopic Changes,
      following Symptoms of Posterior Basic Meningitis or Ependymitis.

PMID- 19974780
TI  - X-ray Photographs from a Boy, aged 3 years, the subject of Habitual Constipation.

PMID- 19974781
TI  - Abnormal Congenital Pigmentation of one Eye.

PMID- 19974782
TI  - Two Cases of Familial Discoid or "Coppock" Cataract.

PMID- 19974783
TI  - Spastic Diplegia with Mental Defect.

PMID- 19974784
TI  - Cystic Swelling at the Root of the Nose.

PMID- 19974785
TI  - Strangulated Ovarian Tumour in a Child: Operation: Recovery.

PMID- 19974786
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Muscular Paralysis.

PMID- 19974787
TI  - Graves' Disease in a Lad, aged 8.

PMID- 19974788
TI  - A Case of (?) Congenital Aortic Stenosis.

PMID- 19974789
TI  - Malignant Diphtheria with Multiple Lesions in an Infant.

PMID- 19974790
TI  - Purpura Fulminans.

PMID- 19974791
TI  - Cyclic or Recurrent Vomiting associated with Hypertrophic Stenosis of the
      Pylorus.

PMID- 19974792
TI  - Congenital OEdema of the Leg.

PMID- 19974793
TI  - Specimen of the Urinary Organs of a Boy who Died apparently from Uraemia;
      Diphtheritic Membrane being found in the Trachea after Death.

PMID- 19974794
TI  - Myelogenous Leukaemia in an Infant, aged 18 months.

PMID- 19974795
TI  - Non-cretinous Mental Deficiency with Goitre.

PMID- 19974796
TI  - Sequel to a Case of Chloroma.

PMID- 19974797
TI  - Cyst of the Humerus: Fracture; Operation.

PMID- 19974798
TI  - Specimen of Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19974799
TI  - The Treatment of Inoperable Sarcoma by Bacterial Toxins (the Mixed Toxins of the
      Streptococcus erysipelas and the Bacillus prodigiosus).

PMID- 19974800
TI  - Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer".

PMID- 19974801
TI  - Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer".

PMID- 19974802
TI  - Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer".

PMID- 19974803
TI  - Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer".

PMID- 19974804
TI  - Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer".

PMID- 19974805
TI  - Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer".

PMID- 19974806
TI  - The Radical Operation for Cancer of the Pylorus, with especial reference to the
      Advantages of the Two-stage Operation and to the Question of the Removal of the
      Associated Lymphatics.

PMID- 19974807
TI  - Rupture of the Tunica Vaginalis in Hydroceles.

PMID- 19974808
TI  - The Clinical Significance of Gastric Hypersecretion and its Connexion with Latent
      Disease of the Appendix.

PMID- 19974809
TI  - Appendicular Gastralgia, or the Appendix as a Cause of Gastric Symptoms.

PMID- 19974810
TI  - The Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974811
TI  - The Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974812
TI  - The Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974813
TI  - The Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974814
TI  - The Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974815
TI  - Discussion on the Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974816
TI  - Discussion on the Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974817
TI  - Discussion on the Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974818
TI  - Discussion on the Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974819
TI  - Discussion on the Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19974820
TI  - Prognosis in certain Inflammatory Diseases of the Lungs and Pleura commonly
      treated Surgically: (Presidential Address).

PMID- 19974821
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer.".

PMID- 19974822
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer.".

PMID- 19974823
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer.".

PMID- 19974824
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer.".

PMID- 19974825
TI  - A Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer.".

PMID- 19974827
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974826
TI  - Discussion on "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer".

PMID- 19974828
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974829
TI  - The Treatment of Infective Endocarditis.

PMID- 19974830
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974831
TI  - Some Points in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer.

PMID- 19974832
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974833
TI  - A Criticism of some Principles in the Treatment of Chronic Nephritis.

PMID- 19974834
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974835
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974836
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974837
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974838
TI  - The Physical Signs of Incipient Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Treatment by
      Continuous Antiseptic Inhalations, with the Results in Thirty Cases.

PMID- 19974840
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974839
TI  - The Action of some Diuretics.

PMID- 19974842
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974841
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974843
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974844
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974845
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974846
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974847
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974848
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974849
TI  - The Therapeutical Value of the Lactic-acid Bacillus.

PMID- 19974850
TI  - A Fatal Case of Poisoning by Phosphorus, taken as an Abortifacient, with Unusual
      Subcutaneous Haemorrhages.

PMID- 19974851
TI  - Report on a Drug known as "Kangalugi.".

PMID- 19974852
TI  - The Immunity Reaction to Cancer.

PMID- 19974853
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974855
TI  - A Discussion on the Teaching of Therapeutics in the Hospital Wards.

PMID- 19974854
TI  - Proprietary, Patent, and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974856
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974857
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974858
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974859
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974860
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974861
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974862
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974863
TI  - Discussion on Proprietary and Secret Remedies.

PMID- 19974864
TI  - Presidential Address. Air and Water: Is there Anything New under the Sun?

PMID- 19974866
TI  - British Health Resorts for Foreign Invalids.

PMID- 19974865
TI  - Outlines of Medical Hydrology (The Samuel Hyde Memorial Lectures). Lecture III:
      The Medicinal Spring: the Teaching of Medical Hydrology: The Science of Water and
      of Waters, with a Plea for its Practice and Teaching in Britain.

PMID- 19974868
TI  - Osteo-arthritis and its Relation to Chronic Rheumatism.

PMID- 19974867
TI  - The Influence of Calcareous (Hard) Drinking Water in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19974869
TI  - The Climatic and Balneological Treatment of Neurasthenia.

PMID- 19974871
TI  - Outlines of Medical Hydrology (The Samuel Hyde Memorial Lectures). Lecture I:
      Analysis and Definitions: The Science of Water and of Waters, with a Plea for its
      Practice and Teaching in Britain.

PMID- 19974870
TI  - Some Pharmacological Effects of the Strong Sulphur Water (Harrogate).

PMID- 19974872
TI  - Outlines of Medical Hydrology (The Samuel Hyde Memorial Lectures). Lecture II:
      Modern Hydrotherapeutics: a Resume and an Appreciation: The Science of Water and
      of Waters, with a Plea for its Practice and Teaching in Britain.

PMID- 19974873
TI  - Symmetrical Lipomatosis.

PMID- 19974874
TI  - Imperfect Osteogenesis.

PMID- 19974875
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: Imperfect Osteogenesis (?).

PMID- 19974876
TI  - Two Cases showing unusual Ulceration of the Skin.

PMID- 19974877
TI  - Syphilis, Chyliform Ascites, Dropsy and Albuminuria.

PMID- 19974879
TI  - Progressive Spinal Muscular Atrophy of Infants (Werdnig-Hoffmann).

PMID- 19974878
TI  - Report on Tumour of the Upper Lip.

PMID- 19974880
TI  - Tabes Dorsalis, with early Rectal Crises.

PMID- 19974881
TI  - Carcinoma of Thyroid, with Extensive Involvement of Lymphatic Glands; Operation
      Three and Half Years ago; no Recurrence.

PMID- 19974882
TI  - Two Unusual Cases of Thyroid Tumour.

PMID- 19974883
TI  - Graves's Disease: its Treatment, first by Medical Methods, and later by Excision
      of one of the Lobes and the Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19974884
TI  - Two Cases of Muscular Atrophy of the Peroneal Type (Charcot, Marie, Tooth) in
      Father and Son.

PMID- 19974885
TI  - Splenomegaly (? Congenital Family Cholaemia).

PMID- 19974886
TI  - Tabes with Lumbo-sacral Disease.

PMID- 19974888
TI  - Malignant or Infective Endocarditis treated with an Autogenous Vaccine
      administered by the Mouth, showing the Disappearance of the Infecting Organisms
      from the Blood within Twelve Months from the Commencement of Treatment, together
      with marked Improvement in the Clinical Symptoms.

PMID- 19974887
TI  - Benign Cyst of the Tibia.

PMID- 19974889
TI  - Septic Gastritis.

PMID- 19974891
TI  - A Subsequent Report on a Case of Excision of the Larynx, Lower Part of the
      Pharynx, and Upper End of the OEsophagus for Malignant Disease (Squamous-celled
      Carcinoma) of those Structures.

PMID- 19974890
TI  - Two Cases of Secondary Anaemia associated with Achylia, with Comments.

PMID- 19974892
TI  - Spondylitis, with Progressive Muscular Contracture (? Myositis Fibrosa).

PMID- 19974893
TI  - Rigidity of the Spine.

PMID- 19974894
TI  - Cystic Disease of Kidneys.

PMID- 19974896
TI  - Graves's Disease in a Boy, commencing at the age of 10.

PMID- 19974895
TI  - Specimens illustrating the Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Air-passages and
      the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19974897
TI  - Recurrent Attacks of Post-typhoidal Osteitis.

PMID- 19974898
TI  - Ectopia Vesicae in a Female Child.

PMID- 19974899
TI  - Congenital Deformity of Femur; Absence of the Upper Epiphysis and of Half the
      Shaft of the Left Femur.

PMID- 19974900
TI  - Carcinomatous Degeneration in a Chronic Dermatosis.

PMID- 19974901
TI  - Two Cases of Deformity of the Hands.

PMID- 19974902
TI  - Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19974903
TI  - Trophic Ulceration over a large Formation of Scar-tissue.

PMID- 19974904
TI  - The Treatment of Acute Suppression of Urine by Incision and Drainage of the
      Kidneys.

PMID- 19974905
TI  - A Pulsatile Swelling in the Third and Fourth Left Intercostal Spaces. (?)
      Thoracic Aneurysm.

PMID- 19974906
TI  - Urgent Dyspnoea and OEdema of the Glottis in a Woman, aged 50, due to Haemorrhage
      into the Thyroid.

PMID- 19974907
TI  - Painful Necrosis of Extremities.

PMID- 19974909
TI  - Spondylitis Deformans.

PMID- 19974908
TI  - Morphoea affecting Right Frontal Region and Orbit.

PMID- 19974910
TI  - Adiposis Dolorosa.

PMID- 19974911
TI  - Reinfection with Syphilis after Five and a Half Years.

PMID- 19974912
TI  - Hastings Gilford's Form of Symptomatic Infantilism.

PMID- 19974914
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19974913
TI  - Asexual Ateleiosis.

PMID- 19974915
TI  - "Addisonian Anaemia" (Idiopathic Pernicious Anaemia).

PMID- 19974917
TI  - Adiposis Dolorosa (?).

PMID- 19974916
TI  - Stokes-Adams Symptoms in a Lad, aged 18.

PMID- 19974918
TI  - Multiple Cutaneous Telangiectases of Recent Origin.

PMID- 19974920
TI  - Gumma of Brain.

PMID- 19974919
TI  - Case of Infantilism.

PMID- 19974921
TI  - Henoch's Purpura.

PMID- 19974922
TI  - Aneurysm of Aortic Arch, occupying the position of a Subclavian Artery.

PMID- 19974923
TI  - Perforated Tuberculous Ulcer of Ileum.

PMID- 19974924
TI  - Varix of the Right Superficial Epigastric Vein.

PMID- 19974925
TI  - Trunk Lesion of the Fifth and Sixth Nerves; Keloid Development in Scars.

PMID- 19974926
TI  - Double Proptosis due to a Growth, Lymphoma (Haemangio-lymphadenoma), invading
      each Orbit.

PMID- 19974927
TI  - A Method of Determining the Absolute Pressure of the Cerebrospinal Fluid.

PMID- 19974928
TI  - The Treatment of Splenic Anaemia by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19974929
TI  - Familial Pigmentary Dermo-fibromatosis.

PMID- 19974930
TI  - Symmetrical Gangrene of both Legs, Fingers of both Hands, and Nose.

PMID- 19974931
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Abdominal Wall.

PMID- 19974932
TI  - Two New Methods (Auditory and Visual) of Reading Arterial Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19974933
TI  - Pulmonary Stenosis (Congenital)?

PMID- 19974934
TI  - Large Cavernous Naevus of Foot.

PMID- 19974936
TI  - Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis, with Special Consideration of the Nature of the
      Secondary Blood Changes.

PMID- 19974935
TI  - Congenital Absence of Chondro-sternal Portion of Right Pectoralis Major and of
      the greater part of Pectoralis Minor.

PMID- 19974937
TI  - Mollities Ossium of Forty-five Years' Duration.

PMID- 19974938
TI  - Atrophodermia Striata et Maculata with Phthisis and Lichen Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19974939
TI  - Inherited Syphilis treated by Ehrlich-Hata's "606".

PMID- 19974940
TI  - Case of Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 19974941
TI  - Extensive Lupus Erythematosus associated with Symmetrical Gangrene in a Man, aged
      49.

PMID- 19974942
TI  - Fibromatous Tumours in a Man, aged 55.

PMID- 19974943
TI  - Leucoderma Syphiliticum.

PMID- 19974944
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974945
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa of the Macular Type in an Infant.

PMID- 19974946
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19974947
TI  - Sycosiform Syphilide.

PMID- 19974949
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974948
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus in a Girl, aged 21.

PMID- 19974950
TI  - Extensive Scarring and Pustular Eruption following Scinde Ulcers.

PMID- 19974951
TI  - Tylosis in a Woman, aged 49.

PMID- 19974952
TI  - A Coloured Drawing of Nodular Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19974953
TI  - Two Cases of Leprosy.

PMID- 19974954
TI  - Atrophic Lichen Planus with Cornu Cutaneum.

PMID- 19974955
TI  - A Series of Ringworm Cultures, illustrating the Eczematoid Ringworm of the Hands
      and feet.

PMID- 19974956
TI  - Case of Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 19974957
TI  - Gonorrhoeal Keratosis of Hands and Feet.

PMID- 19974958
TI  - Macular Atrophy in a Syphilitic Patient.

PMID- 19974960
TI  - Cultures of Violet Endothrix Trichophyton from a Case of "Eczematoid" Ringworm of
      the Fungus associated with Tinea Barbae.

PMID- 19974959
TI  - Case of Cicatrizing Sarcoma.

PMID- 19974961
TI  - Case of Idiopathic Atrophy of the Skin.

PMID- 19974963
TI  - Sclerodermia with Obstinate Callous Ulcers on the Legs, greatly improving under
      Mercurial Inunction.

PMID- 19974962
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Auto-reinfection.

PMID- 19974964
TI  - Ichthyosis Follicularis in a Woman, aged 18.

PMID- 19974965
TI  - Case of Epithelioma upon Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19974966
TI  - Case of (?) Granuloma Inguinale.

PMID- 19974968
TI  - Epithelioma on Lupus Vulgaris in a Girl, aged 13.

PMID- 19974967
TI  - Case of Tropho-neurotic (?) Separation of Nails.

PMID- 19974969
TI  - Epithelioma, involving the whole of the Lower Lip and the entire Skin of the
      Chin, showing a close Clinical Resemblance to Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19974970
TI  - Acute Pityriasis of the Scalp.

PMID- 19974971
TI  - Epithelioma of the Back of the Left Hand of Two Years' Duration.

PMID- 19974973
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans in a Young Lady, aged 19.

PMID- 19974972
TI  - Macular Atrophy associated with Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19974974
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974975
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Affection of the Eighth Nerve.

PMID- 19974976
TI  - Specimens of Hair from an Aboriginal Indian Girl.

PMID- 19974977
TI  - Pemphigus Foliaceus of Sixteen Years' Duration.

PMID- 19974978
TI  - Alopecia Areata in a Syphilitic Subject.

PMID- 19974979
TI  - Case of Ringworm of the Toe-nails.

PMID- 19974980
TI  - Case of Corymbose Syphilide.

PMID- 19974981
TI  - Acne Scrofulosorum in a Patient who had Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19974982
TI  - Hyperkeratosis of the Palms and Soles.

PMID- 19974983
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19974984
TI  - Atrophia Maculosa Cutis.

PMID- 19974986
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974985
TI  - Generalized Eruption, probably Mycosis Fungoides, in a Man, aged 63.

PMID- 19974987
TI  - Sarcomatosis Cutis of the "Perrin" Type in a Man, aged 25.

PMID- 19974989
TI  - Naevo-lipomata in an Infant.

PMID- 19974988
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19974990
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19974991
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19974992
TI  - Melanodermia associated with Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19974993
TI  - Symmetrical Angiomatous Swellings in a Tuberculous Subject.

PMID- 19974994
TI  - Multiple Facial Tumours.

PMID- 19974995
TI  - Lichen Annularis in a Man, aged 40.

PMID- 19974996
TI  - Peculiar Affection of the Ankles in a Lad, aged 18.

PMID- 19974997
TI  - Syphilitic Keloid in a Man, aged 47.

PMID- 19974998
TI  - Parakeratosis Variegata (?).

PMID- 19974999
TI  - Keratosis of the Finger.

PMID- 19975001
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975000
TI  - Secondary Syphilis in which fading Roseola simulated Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19975002
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19975003
TI  - Acne Scrofulosorum in a Girl, aged 12.

PMID- 19975004
TI  - A convenient Method of giving "606" Intravenously.

PMID- 19975005
TI  - An Unusual Case of Linear Naevus.

PMID- 19975006
TI  - Summer Eruption.

PMID- 19975007
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975008
TI  - Chronic (Artificial?) Skin Eruption in a Patient whose Case has been followed for
      Fourteen Years.

PMID- 19975009
TI  - Case of Angiokeratoma.

PMID- 19975010
TI  - Erythema ab Igne or Livedo Reticularis with Pigmentation.

PMID- 19975011
TI  - Cultures of Achorion Quinckeanum (Mouse Favus).

PMID- 19975012
TI  - Disseminated Tuberculous Nodules of the Skin.

PMID- 19975013
TI  - Three Cases illustrating Benefit derived from Ehrlich-Hata's "606.".

PMID- 19975014
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19975015
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975016
TI  - Extensive Lupus Erythematosus associated with Ulceration.

PMID- 19975017
TI  - Imperfect Hair-growth in the Scalp of a Child, aged 18 months.

PMID- 19975019
TI  - Elephantiasis of the Lip.

PMID- 19975018
TI  - A Rare Form of Syphilitic Onychia.

PMID- 19975020
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum (Pringle Type).

PMID- 19975021
TI  - Unilateral Pigmentary Naevus.

PMID- 19975022
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975023
TI  - Case of Purpura.

PMID- 19975024
TI  - Two Cases of Naevus Unius Lateris.

PMID- 19975025
TI  - Naevus Pigmentosus, Verrucosus et Pilosus.

PMID- 19975027
TI  - Small-spored Ringworm of the Scalp in a Woman, aged 23.

PMID- 19975026
TI  - Non-ulcerating Tuberculide. (?) Boeck's Miliary Sarcoid, following Lupus
      Vulgaris.

PMID- 19975028
TI  - Two Cases of Adenoma Sebaceum in Mother and Son.

PMID- 19975030
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975029
TI  - Complete Albinism in a Girl, aged 6, with Total Absence of Pigment in the Skin,
      Hair, Choroid and Iris.

PMID- 19975031
TI  - Monilithrix in a Male Child, aged 16 Months.

PMID- 19975032
TI  - Ichthyosis in a Child, aged 16 Months, treated by Thyroid Extract.

PMID- 19975033
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975035
TI  - Naevi of peculiar appearance in a Girl, aged 12.

PMID- 19975034
TI  - Keloids forming on the Cicatrices resulting from Ulcerating Syphilitic Lesions.

PMID- 19975036
TI  - Congenital Xanthoma (Endothelioma).

PMID- 19975037
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19975038
TI  - Alopecia of acquired Syphilis in a Boy, aged 7.

PMID- 19975039
TI  - Multiple Idiopathic Pigmentary Sarcoma (so-called).

PMID- 19975040
TI  - Maculo-anaesthetic Leprosy.

PMID- 19975041
TI  - Lichen Planus of unusual Distribution.

PMID- 19975043
TI  - Cheilitis Exfoliativa.

PMID- 19975042
TI  - Report on a Case for Diagnosis (Sarcoma Cutis).

PMID- 19975045
TI  - Herpes Zoster in a Man, aged 50.

PMID- 19975044
TI  - Functional Hysterical Trophoedema.

PMID- 19975046
TI  - Erythema ab Igne.

PMID- 19975048
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19975047
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975050
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum imitating Psoriasis.

PMID- 19975049
TI  - Cultures of Trichophyton roseum and ectothrix, and Specimen of Trichophytic
      Invasion.

PMID- 19975051
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975052
TI  - Case of Angiokeratoma.

PMID- 19975053
TI  - Extensive Lupus in an Elderly Woman.

PMID- 19975054
TI  - Large Pigmented Vascular Sclerosing Naevus in a Girl, aged 10.

PMID- 19975056
TI  - The Thermal Effects produced by High-frequency Currents, and the Therapeutical
      Uses of Diathermic Treatment.

PMID- 19975055
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris in a Girl, aged 5.

PMID- 19975057
TI  - The Rontgen-ray Examination of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19975058
TI  - Demonstration of a New Tube-stand.

PMID- 19975059
TI  - The Value of Electricity in Treatment of some Abdominal Diseases.

PMID- 19975060
TI  - Notes on the Treatment of Cancer by means of the X-rays and Radium.

PMID- 19975061
TI  - Congenital Elevation of the Shoulder (Sprengel's Deformity).

PMID- 19975062
TI  - A Universal Safety and Protective Tube-stand for all kinds of Fluoroscopy and
      Radioscopy.

PMID- 19975064
TI  - Colles's Fracture.

PMID- 19975063
TI  - Bauer's Qualimeter: An Instrument for Determining the Hardness of an X-ray Tube
      by measuring the Potential through the Tube.

PMID- 19975065
TI  - Unusual Form of Contraction of the Fingers.

PMID- 19975066
TI  - Demonstration of Lantern Slides of Three Cases.

PMID- 19975067
TI  - Demonstration of Skiagrams.

PMID- 19975068
TI  - Unusual Case of Aneurysm.

PMID- 19975069
TI  - Demonstration of Skiagrams.

PMID- 19975071
TI  - A New Induction Coil.

PMID- 19975070
TI  - Three Simple Pieces of Apparatus.

PMID- 19975072
TI  - The Technique of Skiagraphy.

PMID- 19975074
TI  - A Sesamoid Bone Fractured by Direct Violence.

PMID- 19975073
TI  - Osmotic Growths.

PMID- 19975075
TI  - Success or Failure in Electro-therapy: a Consideration of some of the Causes.

PMID- 19975076
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19975077
TI  - "Dents de Scie" of the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19975078
TI  - Ulceration of the Pharynx, due to Pyorrhoea.

PMID- 19975079
TI  - Party-wall Cancer of Larynx and OEsophagus.

PMID- 19975080
TI  - Antrum Suppuration: Nasal Antrostomy followed by Blocking of the Nasal Duct.

PMID- 19975082
TI  - Cicatricial Obliteration of the Nasopharynx (Hereditary Syphilis).

PMID- 19975081
TI  - (?) Lupus Erythematosus of the Mucous Membrane of the Cheeks of over Twelve
      Months' Standing.

PMID- 19975084
TI  - A new form of Burr for use in the Radical Antral Operation by the Intranasal
      Route.

PMID- 19975083
TI  - A new form of Burr for use in the Antral Operation by the Nasal Route.

PMID- 19975085
TI  - Ventricular Voice in a Woman, aged 28.

PMID- 19975086
TI  - Specimen of a Pedunculated Growth on an Elongated Uvula.

PMID- 19975087
TI  - An Improved Form of Hay's Pharyngoscope.

PMID- 19975088
TI  - Chronic Laryngitis.

PMID- 19975089
TI  - Tracheo-Laryngostomy for Stenosis following Tracheo-laryngotomy.

PMID- 19975090
TI  - Ulceration of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19975092
TI  - Permanent Styletted Oro-oesophago-gastric Tube which had been in situ for
      Thirteen Weeks.

PMID- 19975091
TI  - Two Cases of Malignant Disease of Tonsil, Pharynx, and Tongue.

PMID- 19975093
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19975095
TI  - Perforation of the Soft Palate due to Syphilis, but presenting Unusual Features.

PMID- 19975094
TI  - Functional Aphonia in a Boy, aged 15.

PMID- 19975097
TI  - Laryngeal Disease in a Man, aged 45, probably Tuberculous, but presenting
      appearances of Epithelioma.

PMID- 19975096
TI  - Laryngeal Tuberculosis in a Boy, aged 10.

PMID- 19975098
TI  - A Simplified Insufflator for use in the Treatment of Diseases of the Throat,
      Nose, and Ear.

PMID- 19975099
TI  - Microscopical Section of Cyst of Tonsil.

PMID- 19975100
TI  - Complete Stenosis of the Larynx from Epithelioma in a Man, aged 23.

PMID- 19975101
TI  - Tonsillolith in Left Supra-tonsillar Fossa.

PMID- 19975102
TI  - Tumour of Post-nasal Space.

PMID- 19975103
TI  - Cases illustrating the Treatment of Frontal Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19975104
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975106
TI  - Small Tumour of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19975105
TI  - Lingual Thyroid; Thyroid Gland in Neck not Palpable.

PMID- 19975107
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses: Discussion.

PMID- 19975108
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975109
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975110
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975111
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975113
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975112
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975114
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975115
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975116
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975117
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975118
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975119
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975121
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975120
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975123
TI  - Memorial to Sir Felix Semon, K.C.V.O., M.D.

PMID- 19975122
TI  - The Present Position of the Treatment of Purulent Discharge from the Frontal
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975124
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975125
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19975126
TI  - Malignant Stricture of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19975127
TI  - Further Notes on a Case of Epithelioma Laryngis.

PMID- 19975129
TI  - Pemphigus of Pharynx and Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19975128
TI  - Patients illustrating Results of Dr. Watson-Williams's Osteoplastic Radical
      Frontal Sinus Operations, &c.

PMID- 19975130
TI  - Chronic Glossitis.? Cause.

PMID- 19975131
TI  - Tertiary Specific Ulcer of Pharynx.

PMID- 19975132
TI  - Results of Orbital Cellulitis following Ethmoidal Operation.

PMID- 19975134
TI  - Paralysis of Right Third Nerve following Ethmoidal Operation.

PMID- 19975133
TI  - Cystic Middle Turbinal (Right).

PMID- 19975135
TI  - Malignant Neoplasm of the Larynx.

PMID- 19975136
TI  - Case of Aphonia.

PMID- 19975137
TI  - OEdema of Conjunctiva from Acute Frontal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19975139
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975138
TI  - Tumour of the Cheek.

PMID- 19975140
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit: Discussion.

PMID- 19975141
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit.

PMID- 19975142
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit.

PMID- 19975144
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit.

PMID- 19975143
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit.

PMID- 19975145
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit.

PMID- 19975147
TI  - Large Fistulous Opening into Anterior Wall of Left Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19975146
TI  - The Relationship of Diseases of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses to Affections of
      the Eye and the Orbit.

PMID- 19975148
TI  - Report on Mr. Tilley's Specimen of Growth from the Nose.

PMID- 19975150
TI  - An Instrument for the More efficient Removal of the Nasal Spine in Submucous
      Resection of the Septum.

PMID- 19975149
TI  - The Origin of Cancer in the Larynx.

PMID- 19975152
TI  - Thyro-lingual Cyst removed from a Girl, aged 7; Operation followed by Symptoms of
      Acute Thyroidism.

PMID- 19975151
TI  - Leprosy in a man, aged 21.

PMID- 19975153
TI  - Unilateral Optic Neuritis and Complete Ophthalmoplegia Externa resulting from
      Acute Sphenoidal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19975154
TI  - Empyema of the Antrum in a Man, aged 71; now Malignant (Sarcoma).

PMID- 19975155
TI  - Empyema of the Maxillary Antrum in a Boy, aged 7.

PMID- 19975156
TI  - A Large Nasopharyngeal Polypus Removed from a Boy, aged 11.

PMID- 19975158
TI  - Recurrent Pedunculated Fibroma of Posterior Pillar of Fauces 2 in. long.

PMID- 19975157
TI  - Specimen of a Tonsillolith.

PMID- 19975160
TI  - Stricture of the Lower End of the OEsophagus-Spasmodic (?).

PMID- 19975159
TI  - Lupus of the Larynx in a Woman, aged 36.

PMID- 19975161
TI  - A Case of Early Myasthenia Gravis with Laryngeal Symptoms.

PMID- 19975162
TI  - Cases illustrating Results of Removing Nodules from the Cords by Means of Galvano
      cautery (by the Indirect Method).

PMID- 19975163
TI  - Case of Aphonia.

PMID- 19975165
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus. (?) Temporary Cure under Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19975164
TI  - Laryngeal Tuberculosis-Cure (?).

PMID- 19975166
TI  - Carcinoma of Deep Pharynx with Extension to Gullet and to Posterior Margin of
      Larynx.

PMID- 19975168
TI  - Ectopia of the Pituitary, with other Congenital Anomalies of the Nose, Palate,
      and Upper Lip.

PMID- 19975167
TI  - Demonstration of Instruments for the Intravenous Injection of Salvarsan ("606").

PMID- 19975169
TI  - Two Specimens of the Quadrilateral Cartilage (Nasal Septum) showing Fenestrae;
      Removed by Submucous Resection.

PMID- 19975171
TI  - Party-wall Pharyngeal Cancer.

PMID- 19975170
TI  - Denture removed from the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19975172
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975173
TI  - Chronic Ulcer of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19975174
TI  - Sarcomatous Growth of both Tonsils, with Multiple Sarcomata in and beneath the
      Skin.

PMID- 19975176
TI  - An Improved OEsophago-gastroscope, combining the Methods of Direct and Indirect
      Vision.

PMID- 19975175
TI  - A New Pattern Expanding OEsophagoscope.

PMID- 19975178
TI  - Subglottic Stenosis after Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19975177
TI  - Cystic Adenoma of Facial Parotid Gland.

PMID- 19975179
TI  - Epithelioma on the Right Palato-glossal Fold in a Man, aged 48.

PMID- 19975180
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Fibrous Polypus in a Man, aged 21.

PMID- 19975181
TI  - Papilloma of Pharynx in a Male, aged 42.

PMID- 19975182
TI  - Ulceration of the Left Vocal Cord in a Male, aged 67. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975183
TI  - Malignant Disease of Pharynx under Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19975184
TI  - Chronic Tuberculosis of the Nose, Larynx, and Lungs.

PMID- 19975185
TI  - Tuberculosis of Soft Palate, Pharynx, and Larynx in a Girl, aged 18.

PMID- 19975186
TI  - Tuberculous Tonsillitis.

PMID- 19975187
TI  - Bilateral Tuberculous Disease of Tonsils with Tuberculous Laryngitis.

PMID- 19975188
TI  - Demonstration on a Living Subject of the Hill-Herschell Method of Combined Direct
      and Indirect Gastroscopy by Means of a New Type of OEsophago-gastroscope.

PMID- 19975189
TI  - Scleroma of the Nasopharynx in a Polish Woman.

PMID- 19975190
TI  - Ulceration on the Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19975191
TI  - Plaster Casts of Unusual Malformation of Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19975192
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Vocal Cords in a Young Man.

PMID- 19975193
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of the Larynx.

PMID- 19975194
TI  - Extensive Malignant Ulceration of Pharynx and Tonsils.

PMID- 19975195
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of Tonsil.

PMID- 19975196
TI  - Fungating Carcinoma of OEsophagus. Disappearance of Fungation and Ulceration
      after Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19975197
TI  - Papilloma of Larynx in a Child.

PMID- 19975198
TI  - Swelling at Junction of Right Vocal Cord and Apex of Vocal Process.

PMID- 19975199
TI  - Lingual Thyroid.

PMID- 19975200
TI  - Recurring Aphonia in a Woman, aged 36.

PMID- 19975202
TI  - Epithelioma of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19975201
TI  - Malignant Stricture of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19975203
TI  - Primary Sore of the Vestibule of the Nose and Adjoining Skin.

PMID- 19975205
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Nose and Cheek.

PMID- 19975204
TI  - Large Growth in the Larynx.

PMID- 19975206
TI  - Removal of the Upper Jaw in a Man, aged 71.

PMID- 19975207
TI  - Specimens of Equine Larynx, and Records of Cases illustrating the Results of the
      "Ventricle-stripping" Operation for the Relief of the Conditions known as
      "Whistling" and "Roaring" in Horses. Demonstrations of Instruments specially
      designed for this Operation.

PMID- 19975208
TI  - International Congress of Laryngology, Berlin.

PMID- 19975209
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus. Dysphagia Treated by a New Form of Intubation Apparatus.

PMID- 19975210
TI  - Carcinoma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19975211
TI  - Endothelioma of the Palate, with Metastatic Growth in the Neck, treated by
      Radium.

PMID- 19975212
TI  - Portion of Rabbit-bone removed from Right Bronchus, wherein it had been Impacted
      for more than Three Years, and had caused Symptoms of Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19975213
TI  - A Tooth removed from the Floor of the Right Antrum in Patient whose corresponding
      Nasal Cavity was obstructed by a Nasal Polypus.

PMID- 19975215
TI  - Multiple Cartilaginous Exostosis.

PMID- 19975214
TI  - Tumour of Right Side of Neck, involving the Pharynx, in a Woman, aged 30.

PMID- 19975216
TI  - Case of Acute Suffocative Catarrh of Pneumococcal Origin and Fatal (Pneumococcal
      Bronchitis); a Second Case of Pneumococcal Bronchitis, Unilateral, of long
      Duration and not Fatal; with other analogous Cases and Remarks.

PMID- 19975217
TI  - The After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence: An Address
      Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975218
TI  - The After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975219
TI  - The After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975220
TI  - The After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975221
TI  - The After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975222
TI  - The After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975223
TI  - The After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975224
TI  - Discussion on the After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975226
TI  - Discussion on the After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975225
TI  - Discussion on the After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975227
TI  - Discussion on the After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975229
TI  - Discussion on the After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975228
TI  - Discussion on the After-history of Cases of Albuminuria occurring in Adolescence.

PMID- 19975230
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19975231
TI  - The Use of Belladonna in Dyspepsia.

PMID- 19975232
TI  - On Auscultation of Joints.

PMID- 19975234
TI  - Some Observations on Low Blood-pressures.

PMID- 19975233
TI  - Absence of Abdominal Respiratory Movement as an Indication of Pericarditis.

PMID- 19975235
TI  - The Electrocardiographic Method and its Relationship to Clinical Medicine.

PMID- 19975236
TI  - Presidential Address: Two Theories of Hysteria.

PMID- 19975237
TI  - Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia.

PMID- 19975238
TI  - Congenital Cerebellar Ataxia.

PMID- 19975239
TI  - Toxic Neuritis of Doubtful Nature.

PMID- 19975241
TI  - Case of Syringo-bulbia.

PMID- 19975240
TI  - Pseudo-bulbar Paralysis of Doubtful Origin.

PMID- 19975242
TI  - Hemiatrophy from Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19975243
TI  - Traumatic Neuritis of Inner Cord (Klumpke-paralysis); Prefixed Type of Plexus.

PMID- 19975244
TI  - Congenital Brain Defect, with a Curious stamping Gait and Tendency to Fall
      Backward, suggestive of a Functional Astasia.

PMID- 19975245
TI  - Syringomyelia, with Symptoms precipitated by Trauma.

PMID- 19975246
TI  - Spondylose Rhizomelique.

PMID- 19975247
TI  - Spondylitis, with Progressive Muscular Contracture.

PMID- 19975250
TI  - Pseudo-bulbar Paralysis of Doubtful Origin, probably Disseminated Sclerosis.

PMID- 19975248
TI  - Spondylose Rhizomelique.

PMID- 19975249
TI  - Slowly Progressive Right Hemiplegia suggesting Tumour (Operation-no Tumour
      found).

PMID- 19975251
TI  - Gastric Crisis in? Tabes. Division of Posterior Roots.

PMID- 19975252
TI  - Juvenile Tabes.

PMID- 19975253
TI  - Unilateral Paralysis of Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Cranial Nerves.

PMID- 19975254
TI  - Tic Douloureux illustrating the Anaesthesia produced by Alcohol Injection of the
      Superior Maxillary and Supra-orbital Nerves.

PMID- 19975255
TI  - Progressive Spinal Muscular Atrophy of Infants and Young Children.

PMID- 19975256
TI  - Presidential Address: The Lessons of a Session.

PMID- 19975257
TI  - Fibromyoma Uteri causing Acute Intestinal Obstruction.

PMID- 19975259
TI  - Sarcoma of the Uterus in a Patient, aged 25.

PMID- 19975258
TI  - Case of Supposed Hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19975260
TI  - Haematosalpinx with Torsion of the Tubes.

PMID- 19975262
TI  - Gravid Uterus ruptured through the Scar of a Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19975261
TI  - Subtotal Hysterectomy for Fibromyoma Uteri: Forty Additional Histories.

PMID- 19975263
TI  - Twin Tubal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19975265
TI  - Interstitial Gestation Sac of between Three and Four Months' Development removed
      Unruptured with the Body of the Uterus by Abdominal Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19975264
TI  - Osteomalacic Pelvis.

PMID- 19975266
TI  - Suppurating Ovarian Tumour, perforated into Small Intestine and Omentum,
      successfully removed with affected Bowel, Omentum, and Appendix.

PMID- 19975267
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975268
TI  - Adenomatosis Vaginae: a hitherto undescribed condition.

PMID- 19975269
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975271
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975270
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975272
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975273
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975274
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975275
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975277
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975276
TI  - The Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its Alternatives, in
      Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and exposed to Septic
      Infection.

PMID- 19975278
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975279
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975280
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975281
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975282
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975283
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975284
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975285
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975286
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975287
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975288
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975290
TI  - Thyroid Tissue in an Ovarian Embryoma.

PMID- 19975289
TI  - Discussion on the Indications for, and Technique of, Caesarean Section and its
      Alternatives, in Women with Contracted Pelves, who have been long in Labour and
      exposed to Septic Infection.

PMID- 19975291
TI  - Clinical History of a Case of Involution of an Ovarian Cyst, associated with
      Vesicular Mole.

PMID- 19975292
TI  - Hydrosalpinx with Ovarian and Peritoneal Cysts.

PMID- 19975293
TI  - Hysterectomy followed by Double Phlebitis.

PMID- 19975295
TI  - Primary Abdominal Pregnancy in a Rabbit.

PMID- 19975294
TI  - A Demonstration on the Origin of the Follicle Cells of the Ovary.

PMID- 19975296
TI  - The Nature of Haematocolpos Fluid, with Deductions as to the Chemical Composition
      of the Menstrual Discharge and the Cause of its Normal Non-coagulability, also of
      the Acidity of the Vaginal Secretion; and the Character of the Obstructing
      Membrane, with its Bearing on the Development of the Vagina; together with a
      Report of Three Cases of Haematocolpos.

PMID- 19975298
TI  - Diffuse Fibroma of the Ovary which has undergone Central Degeneration with
      Extravasation of Blood.

PMID- 19975297
TI  - Hydatid of the Uterus.

PMID- 19975299
TI  - Dermoid Tumour of the Right Ovary removed by Abdominal Ovariotomy during Labour.

PMID- 19975301
TI  - A Suppurating Ovarian Cyst in a Girl, aged 10, probably infected from Hairpins
      impacted in the Vagina.

PMID- 19975300
TI  - An Ovarian Tumour obstructing Delivery and fixed by Suction in the Pelvis.

PMID- 19975302
TI  - Some Observations on Vaginal Secretion in Infants.

PMID- 19975304
TI  - Six Cases of "Utriculoplasty" for Uterine Haemorrhage, one of which was followed
      by pregnancy and Labour.

PMID- 19975303
TI  - A New Operation for the Radical Treatment of Flat Pelvis.

PMID- 19975305
TI  - A Foetus with Congenital Absence of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19975307
TI  - Ovarian Teratoma.

PMID- 19975306
TI  - Cervical Glands in the Uterus of the Foetus at Term.

PMID- 19975309
TI  - The Uterine Mucosa in Menstruation and Pregnancy; the Action of the Chorionic
      Cells and the Function of the Decidua: Structure of the Uterine Mucosa and the
      Cause of the Opening-up of the Vessels during Menstruation.

PMID- 19975308
TI  - Retroflexion of Gravid Uterus with Superimposed Fibroid.

PMID- 19975310
TI  - After-history of a Case of Fibroid Tumour of the Uterus complicating Pregnancy.

PMID- 19975311
TI  - Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus in a Patient, aged 29.

PMID- 19975312
TI  - Cases of Uterine Polypi undergoing Malignant Degeneration.

PMID- 19975313
TI  - Demonstration of a very young Tubal Ovum.

PMID- 19975314
TI  - A Case of Gangrene of the Vagina probably due to the Chemical Effect of a Pink
      Rubber Ring Pessary.

PMID- 19975315
TI  - The Rectum in Gynaecology.

PMID- 19975317
TI  - The Relation of the Appendix to the Causation and Surgical Treatment of
      Affections of the Adnexa.

PMID- 19975316
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19975318
TI  - Fibroma of Ovary with Twisted Pedicle.

PMID- 19975320
TI  - A Case of Adeno-carcinoma of the Uterus and Ovaries.

PMID- 19975319
TI  - A Case of Carcinoma of the Rectum occurring in a Patient from whom Malignant
      Papillomatous Cysts of both Ovaries had been removed six years previously.

PMID- 19975321
TI  - The Symptoms and Treatment of Chronic Endometritis, with Special Reference to the
      Results of Curetting.

PMID- 19975323
TI  - Columnar-celled Carcinoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19975322
TI  - Pseudo-hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19975324
TI  - Fibromyomatous Polypus of Uterus in a Girl, aged 17.

PMID- 19975325
TI  - Sarcoma of the Vulva.

PMID- 19975326
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of the Vulva.

PMID- 19975328
TI  - Twenty-three Cases of Wertheim's Abdominal Panhysterectomy.

PMID- 19975327
TI  - On the Pathological Bases of Operations for Cancer of the Uterus.

PMID- 19975329
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19975330
TI  - A possible Cause of Facial Asymmetry.

PMID- 19975331
TI  - Pneumococcal Stomatitis.

PMID- 19975332
TI  - Cases of Mal-occlusion of Permanent Molars.

PMID- 19975333
TI  - A Case of Infection of the Cavernous Sinus due to Oral Sepsis.

PMID- 19975334
TI  - Endothelioma of the Gum.

PMID- 19975335
TI  - Cyst of the Jaw, the Result of Traumatism.

PMID- 19975336
TI  - A successful Surgical and Prosthetic Treatment of a Case of Excessive Hypertrophy
      of the Gums and Alveolar Processes of the Jaws.

PMID- 19975338
TI  - The Destruction of Teeth by Milk Germs.

PMID- 19975337
TI  - Some Inflammatory Eye Conditions due to Oral Sepsis.

PMID- 19975339
TI  - Absorption of a Permanent Molar due to an Unerupted Premolar.

PMID- 19975341
TI  - Model of a Maxilla with Exostoses.

PMID- 19975340
TI  - Three Cases of Torus Palatinus. (2) Skull from a Barrow, showing somewhat
      Symmetrical Mandibular Exostoses.

PMID- 19975343
TI  - A short Preliminary Note on the Distribution of the Nerve-fibres of the Dental
      Pulp.

PMID- 19975342
TI  - Multiple Supernumerary Teeth preceding a Central Incisor.

PMID- 19975344
TI  - The Comparative Elasticity and Internal Structure of Cast and Rolled Gold Plate.

PMID- 19975345
TI  - An Erosion Cavity on the Lingual Aspect of a Lower Incisor. (2) Dislocation of
      the Pulp of a Temporary Incisor, the Result of a Fall, with subsequent Removal of
      the Pulp and Apex intact.

PMID- 19975346
TI  - The Relation between the Teeth and certain Diseases of the Skin and Mucous
      Membrane.

PMID- 19975347
TI  - A Dentigerous Cyst with Cellular Contents.

PMID- 19975348
TI  - Experiments and Observations on Bread, with Special Reference to the Causation
      and Prevention of Dental Caries.

PMID- 19975349
TI  - Discussion on Syphilis in Relation to Otology: An Address Introductory to a
      Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975350
TI  - Specimens of Fractured Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19975352
TI  - Deafness due to Occlusion of Eustachian Tubes by Scar-tissue.

PMID- 19975351
TI  - Fifteen Specimens of the Temporal Bone, showing Types of Fractures.

PMID- 19975353
TI  - Erysipelas of the Head: Invasion of the Right Auditory Meatus, where an Abscess
      formed with extension backwards to the Sterno-mastoid Muscle, and Invasion of the
      whole Sheath of that Muscle.

PMID- 19975355
TI  - Periotic Bones of Fossil Cetacea.

PMID- 19975354
TI  - Three Specimens of Chronic Middle-ear Suppuration in each of which the Opposite
      Side was Normal, the six Bones being all of the Diploetic Infantile Type.

PMID- 19975356
TI  - Labyrinthine Vertigo (Meniere's Symptoms-Non-infective) treated by Operation.

PMID- 19975357
TI  - Leprosy with Involvement of the External Ears, Palate, Pharynx, &c.

PMID- 19975358
TI  - Syphilitic Disease of the Nose treated with "606".

PMID- 19975359
TI  - Notes on a Case of Temporary Deafness and Blindness due to Intestinal Toxaemia.

PMID- 19975360
TI  - Sequestration of Bony Labyrinth in a Boy, aged 4.

PMID- 19975361
TI  - Eight Specimens of the Otic Element of the Arctic Whale.

PMID- 19975363
TI  - Eight Cases of Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19975362
TI  - Cast of Cavity in the Left Mastoid Process of a Woman, aged 75, filled with
      Cholesteatoma-Smooth Polished Surfaces.

PMID- 19975364
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Mastoiditis, with Abscesses in the Left Temporosphenoidal and
      Frontal Lobes.

PMID- 19975365
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Auricle and Meatus.

PMID- 19975366
TI  - Healed Fracture of the Right Temporal Bone in which the Line of Fracture in the
      Meatus can be seen.

PMID- 19975367
TI  - Nerve Deafness in a Syphilitic of Thirty Years' Standing.

PMID- 19975368
TI  - Specimen of Temporal Bone from a Case of Thrombosis of Cavernous Sinus.

PMID- 19975369
TI  - Extradural Cerebellar Abscess tracking through the Jugular Foramen into the Neck,
      Sloughing of Middle Third of Internal Jugular Vein; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19975371
TI  - Retrocerebellar Abscess; Autopsy.

PMID- 19975370
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis (Streptococcal), with Early Pulmonary Metastasia;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19975373
TI  - Chronic Dermatitis of the Pinna due to Infection by Staphylococcus aureus, under
      Treatment by Vaccine.

PMID- 19975372
TI  - Infiltration of both Auricles (? Chronic Lymphangitis) in a Woman, aged 32.

PMID- 19975374
TI  - Chronic Infective Labyrinthitis.

PMID- 19975375
TI  - The Brain of a Patient who died from Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19975376
TI  - Large Tuberculous Polyp removed from the Middle Ear of an Infant, aged 7 months.

PMID- 19975378
TI  - The Bacteriology of Chronic Post-nasal Catarrh: A Preliminary Study from Fifty
      Cases.

PMID- 19975377
TI  - Deformity of Left Auricle.

PMID- 19975379
TI  - Case in which Disease in a Large Sinus Tympani caused Persistence of Discharge
      after the Radical Operation; Caloric Tests applied to the exposed Inferior Crus
      of the Posterior Semicircular Canal.

PMID- 19975380
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis following Acute Otitis Media in a Boy; Operation;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19975381
TI  - Exostoses in the Middle Ear.

PMID- 19975382
TI  - Acute Inflammation of the Mastoid treated by Bier's Method.

PMID- 19975383
TI  - Unilateral Deafness, probably Complete, associated with Vertigo.

PMID- 19975384
TI  - Two Cases of Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19975385
TI  - Suppuration of the Labyrinth; Facial Paralysis; Complete "Bridge" Operation;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19975386
TI  - Chronic Otitis Media Suppurativa; Necrosis of External Semicircular Canal;
      Fistula full of Bone Granulation Tissue; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19975387
TI  - Report on the Fatal Termination of a Case of Deafness and Discomfort in the Right
      Ear, as Early Symptoms in a Case of Epithelioma originating near the Right
      Eustachian Tube.

PMID- 19975388
TI  - Caries and Necrosis of Temporal, Parietal, and Occipital Bones following
      Mastoiditis due to Scarlet Fever in a Girl, aged 5; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19975389
TI  - Acute Vertigo, with Repeated Falls always to the Left, during the last Two
      Months.

PMID- 19975390
TI  - Extradural Cerebellar Abscess tracking through the Jugular Foramen into the Neck.

PMID- 19975391
TI  - Fistula of the Ampulla of the Superior Semicircular Canal on the Left Side.
      Bilateral Radical Mastoid Operation; Instrumental Exploration of the Left
      Vestibule; Total Vestibular Ablation-reactions (Left Side); Cochlea unaffected.

PMID- 19975392
TI  - New Growth of Unknown Nature in the Tympanum.

PMID- 19975393
TI  - Injuries of the External and Middle Ear.

PMID- 19975395
TI  - The Comparative Neuropathology of Trypanosome and Spirochaete Infections, with a
      Resume of our Knowledge of Human Trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 19975394
TI  - Injuries of the Middle and Internal Ear.

PMID- 19975396
TI  - On the Microscopic Structure of Uric Acid Calculi.

PMID- 19975397
TI  - Seven Cases of Amaurotic Idiocy (Tay-Sachs Disease).

PMID- 19975398
TI  - The Pathological Anatomy of a Case of Amaurotic Family Idiocy.

PMID- 19975400
TI  - Uterine Tumours in Rabbits.

PMID- 19975399
TI  - Asphyxia under Chloroform.

PMID- 19975401
TI  - Action of Pro- and Anti-thyroid Preparations.

PMID- 19975402
TI  - Resection of the Caecum and Ascending Colon, showing Chronic Hypertrophy of the
      Mucous Membrane, with Stenosis simulating Cancer.

PMID- 19975403
TI  - On the Relation of the Meningococcus intracellularis to Pseudoglioma.

PMID- 19975404
TI  - Studies in Complement Fixation with Strains of Typhoid, Paratyphoid, and Allied
      Organisms.

PMID- 19975405
TI  - Lamarckism and Callosities.

PMID- 19975406
TI  - The Bentley-Taylor Method of Mounting Mosquitoes, with Demonstration of
      Specimens.

PMID- 19975407
TI  - The Biological Characteristics of Bacillus Typhosus, with especial reference to
      the Fermentation of Dulcitol and Arabinose.

PMID- 19975408
TI  - The Influence of Diet upon the Formation and Healing of Acute Ulcer of the
      Stomach.

PMID- 19975409
TI  - Atypical Chloroma.

PMID- 19975410
TI  - The Experimental Production of the Carrier State by Feeding.

PMID- 19975411
TI  - Experiments with Air-dried Mouse Cancer: (I) The Lethal Effect of Drying upon
      Mouse Cancer; and (II) The Inability of Air-dried Mouse Cancer, or of a
      Centrifugalized Extract, to produce Prophylactic or Curative Immunization.

PMID- 19975412
TI  - The Incidence of Gall-stones and of Primary Carcinoma of the Gall-bladder and
      Biliary Passages in the Insane.

PMID- 19975413
TI  - Variability in the Gas-forming Power of Intestinal Bacteria.

PMID- 19975415
TI  - A New Inhaler for administering Nitrous-oxide Gas by the Nasal Method.

PMID- 19975414
TI  - Prolonged Anaesthesia maintained by Ether and Gas alternately.

PMID- 19975416
TI  - Hypnotism in Relation to Surgical Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19975417
TI  - A Death due to Inspiration of Gummatous Material from a Gumma which had burst
      during Chloroform Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19975418
TI  - Nasal Reflex during Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19975420
TI  - Note on a Case of "Cheyne-Stokes" Respiration during Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19975419
TI  - Anaesthesia in Post-pharyngeal Abscess.

PMID- 19975421
TI  - A New Form of Stopcock for Gas and Air Administration.

PMID- 19975423
TI  - Presidential Address. The Enteric Fever Carrier.

PMID- 19975422
TI  - The Use of Scopolamine, Morphine, Atropine, and similar drugs by Hypodermic
      Injection before Inhalation Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19975424
TI  - Typhoid Carriers and Contact Infection. Some Difficulties suggested by Study of
      Recent Investigations carried out on "Living Lines.".

PMID- 19975426
TI  - The Scientific Uses of the Notification of Disease.

PMID- 19975425
TI  - The Problem of Pulmonary Tuberculosis considered from the Standpoint of
      Disposition.

PMID- 19975427
TI  - The Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19975429
TI  - The AEtiology and Epidemiology of Paratyphoid Fever and "Food-poisoning.".

PMID- 19975428
TI  - Some Points in Relation to Tuberculosis and its Prevention.

PMID- 19975430
TI  - Diseases of the Cow (excluding Tuberculosis) affecting the Milk in their
      Relationship to Human Disease.

PMID- 19975431
TI  - Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19975432
TI  - Gangrene of Leg following Diphtheria.

PMID- 19975434
TI  - Syphilitic Osteitis of the Femur.

PMID- 19975433
TI  - Simple Atrophic Type of Myopathy: so-called "Myatonia Congenita" or "Amyotonia
      Congenita.".

PMID- 19975435
TI  - Deformity of the Cervical Spine.

PMID- 19975436
TI  - Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19975437
TI  - Case of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19975438
TI  - Myopathy (? Affection of the Facial Muscles).

PMID- 19975439
TI  - Secondary Optic Atrophy due to a (?) Cerebellar Tumour.

PMID- 19975440
TI  - The History of Infant-feeding from Elizabethan Times.

PMID- 19975441
TI  - Concurrent Scarlet Fever and Chicken-pox.

PMID- 19975442
TI  - Measles: Its Treatment and Prevention.

PMID- 19975443
TI  - Von Jaksch's Anaemia.

PMID- 19975444
TI  - Congenital Syphilis treated by "606.".

PMID- 19975445
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease without Murmur, and with a Family History of Congenital
      Cyanosis.

PMID- 19975447
TI  - Chronic Pyaemia of Five Years' Duration following Suppurative Epiphysitis of the
      Upper End of the Humerus.

PMID- 19975446
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease with Congenital Malformation of the External Ear.

PMID- 19975448
TI  - Asymmetry of the Pelvis (Naegele). Partial Congenital Suppression of Left Lateral
      Wing of the Sacrum. Scoliosis.

PMID- 19975449
TI  - Malformation of Femur.

PMID- 19975450
TI  - Double Congenital Club-hand of the Radio-palmar variety, with Absence of Radius
      on both Sides.

PMID- 19975451
TI  - Tumour on Back, probably Dermoid.

PMID- 19975452
TI  - A Preliminary Communication on Syphilis and Mental Deficiency.

PMID- 19975453
TI  - Chronic Tetany.

PMID- 19975455
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Milne's Paper, "Measles: Its Treatment and Prevention.".

PMID- 19975454
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Milne's Paper, "Measles: Its Treatment and Prevention.".

PMID- 19975456
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Milne's Paper, "Measles: Its Treatment and Prevention.".

PMID- 19975457
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Milne's Paper, "Measles: Its Treatment and Prevention.".

PMID- 19975458
TI  - Idiopathic Hypertrophic Dilatation of the Colon.

PMID- 19975459
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Milne's Paper, "Measles: Its Treatment and Prevention.".

PMID- 19975461
TI  - Pyloric Hypertrophy and Spasm.

PMID- 19975460
TI  - Cerebral Sclerosis and Idiocy.

PMID- 19975462
TI  - Severe Tuberculous Peritonitis in a Girl cured by Laparotomy.

PMID- 19975463
TI  - Cretinism.

PMID- 19975464
TI  - Cretinism.

PMID- 19975465
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease (Pulmonary Stenosis); Cerebral Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19975466
TI  - Cerebellar Ataxia.

PMID- 19975468
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease (? Patent Ductus Arteriosus).

PMID- 19975467
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease (Pulmonary Stenosis).

PMID- 19975469
TI  - Child with a Peculiar Gait (? Functional Ataxia).

PMID- 19975470
TI  - Mutism.

PMID- 19975471
TI  - Infantile Spastic Paraplegia.

PMID- 19975473
TI  - Glandular Fever.

PMID- 19975472
TI  - Congenital Naevoid Condition of the Left Thigh.

PMID- 19975474
TI  - Post-diphtheritic Paralysis and Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19975475
TI  - (?) Chronic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19975476
TI  - Congenital Cataract.

PMID- 19975477
TI  - Hydrocephalus and Buphthalmos.

PMID- 19975479
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. Family Nervous Disease.

PMID- 19975478
TI  - Hypermetropic Astigmatism with Macular Changes.

PMID- 19975481
TI  - Demonstration of Pathological Specimens.

PMID- 19975480
TI  - A Heart showing an Infective Polypoid Thrombus in the Pulmonary Artery and
      extending into the Right Ventricle, mistaken for Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19975482
TI  - Portals of Entry in Phthisis: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the
      Subject.

PMID- 19975483
TI  - Portals of Entry in Phthisis: Discussion.

PMID- 19975484
TI  - Portals of Entry in Phthisis.

PMID- 19975485
TI  - Portals of Entry in Phthisis.

PMID- 19975486
TI  - Portals of Entry in Phthisis.

PMID- 19975487
TI  - Portals of Entry in Phthisis.

PMID- 19975488
TI  - Congenital Insufficiency of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19975489
TI  - Portals of Entry in Phthisis.

PMID- 19975490
TI  - "Congenital Elephantiasis" of the Arm.

PMID- 19975491
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19975492
TI  - Morphoea in Band Form in a Girl, aged 7 Years.

PMID- 19975493
TI  - Splenic Enlargment.

PMID- 19975494
TI  - Pathological Specimen of the Heart in a Case of Congenital Malformation.

PMID- 19975495
TI  - Extensive Necrosis of the Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19975496
TI  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19975497
TI  - Naevus Verrucosus Linearis.

PMID- 19975499
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19975498
TI  - Congenital Transposition of Viscera.

PMID- 19975500
TI  - Malformation of the Heart.

PMID- 19975501
TI  - Old Healed Tuberculous Disease of Knee-joint, with Increase in Length of the
      Limb.

PMID- 19975502
TI  - Sarcoma of Femur.

PMID- 19975504
TI  - Cardiolysis for Adherent Pericardium.

PMID- 19975503
TI  - Interstitial Hernia.

PMID- 19975505
TI  - Congenital Obliteration (or Congenital Atresia) of Bile-ducts, with Hepatic
      Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19975506
TI  - Sclerema Neonatorum, with Myositis Fibrosa.

PMID- 19975508
TI  - Intermittent Word-blindness (Congenital).

PMID- 19975507
TI  - Congenital Deformity of the Palate.

PMID- 19975510
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Necrosis of the Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19975509
TI  - Idioglossia.

PMID- 19975511
TI  - Enlargement of the Liver.

PMID- 19975512
TI  - Embolism of the Central Artery of the Retina in a Girl, aged 11(3/4) Years.

PMID- 19975513
TI  - Two Cases of Infantilism.

PMID- 19975514
TI  - Persistent Jaundice.

PMID- 19975515
TI  - Splenomegaly with Recurrent Jaundice, ending in Hepatic Cirrhosis and Ascites;
      with Remarks on the Splenomegaly of Inherited Syphilis in Children.

PMID- 19975516
TI  - Tumour of the Rectus Abdominis in a Child.

PMID- 19975518
TI  - Spasmus Nutans.

PMID- 19975517
TI  - Ulcerative Stomatitis in Children.

PMID- 19975519
TI  - Congenital Dilatation of the Colon.

PMID- 19975520
TI  - Cerebral Athetotic Diplegia.

PMID- 19975521
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Pectoral Muscles.

PMID- 19975523
TI  - Anorexia Nervosa.

PMID- 19975522
TI  - Injury to the Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19975524
TI  - Specimens from a Case of "Delayed Chloroform Poisoning.".

PMID- 19975525
TI  - Angiomata of the Left Loin and Leg.

PMID- 19975526
TI  - Congenital Aortic Stenosis.

PMID- 19975527
TI  - Lichen Spinulosis.

PMID- 19975528
TI  - The Oculomotor Type of Polio-encephalitis.

PMID- 19975529
TI  - Separation of the Lower Epiphysis of the Humerus, with Displacement.

PMID- 19975531
TI  - Inherited Syphilis and "Blue Sclerotics.".

PMID- 19975532
TI  - Infantilism with Thyroid Inadequacy (Juvenile Myxoedema).

PMID- 19975530
TI  - Infantilism with Polyuria and Chronic Renal Disease.

PMID- 19975533
TI  - On Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints: An Address Introductory to a
      Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975534
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975535
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975536
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975537
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975538
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975539
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975540
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975541
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975542
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975543
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975544
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975545
TI  - Traumatic Myositis Ossificans.

PMID- 19975546
TI  - The Formation of Bone in Periosteum separated by Injury.

PMID- 19975547
TI  - Myositis Ossificans Traumatica.

PMID- 19975549
TI  - The Inguinal Method of Radical Cure for Femoral Hernia.

PMID- 19975548
TI  - Large Congenital Diverticulum of the Bladder treated by Resection.

PMID- 19975550
TI  - The Treatment of Cleft Palate: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the
      Subject.

PMID- 19975552
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975551
TI  - Demonstration of Cases of Cleft Palate.

PMID- 19975553
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975555
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975554
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975556
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975557
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975558
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975560
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975559
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975561
TI  - Fifty-six Cases of Cleft Palate treated by Operation, with Special Reference to
      the various Methods of Operation, and the After-results.

PMID- 19975562
TI  - On the Division of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots: (I) for Pain, (II) for
      Visceral Crises, (III) for Spasm: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the
      Subject.

PMID- 19975563
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975564
TI  - On Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975565
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975567
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975566
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975569
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975568
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975570
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975572
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975571
TI  - Resection of the Posterior Spinal Nerve-roots in the Treatment of Gastric Crises
      and Spastic Paralysis.

PMID- 19975574
TI  - On Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975573
TI  - On Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975575
TI  - On Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975576
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975577
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975579
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975578
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975580
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975582
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975581
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975583
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Fractures in the Neighbourhood of Joints.

PMID- 19975584
TI  - Septicaemia Haemorrhagica. Severe Capillary and Parenchymatous Haemorrhages of
      Septic Origin.

PMID- 19975585
TI  - Gastric and Intestinal Haemorrhages (probably of Septic Origin) occurring after
      Abdominal Operations.

PMID- 19975586
TI  - Transverse Fractures of the Patella, without Separation of the Fragments.

PMID- 19975588
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum: An Address Introductory to a
      Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975587
TI  - The Delimitation of the Rectum and its Subdivisions: An Anatomical Introduction
      to a Discussion on the Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum.

PMID- 19975589
TI  - Presidential Address: A Plea for the Study of Therapeutics.

PMID- 19975590
TI  - Ergot: A Clinical Experimental Study.

PMID- 19975591
TI  - On the Action and Uses of Sulphur and certain of its Compounds as Intestinal
      Antiseptics.

PMID- 19975592
TI  - An Investigation of the Action of Aconite on the Pulse-rate.

PMID- 19975593
TI  - The Effect of Atropine on the Pulse-rate in Cases under the Influence of
      Digitalis.

PMID- 19975594
TI  - The Therapeutic Use of the Digitalis Group.

PMID- 19975595
TI  - The Role of Auto-inoculation in Medicine: A Plea for its Rational Extension.

PMID- 19975596
TI  - On Drugs used as Local Anaesthetics in the Mouth.

PMID- 19975597
TI  - An Inquiry into the Value of Rectal Feeding.

PMID- 19975598
TI  - Reactions of Arteries to certain Drugs.

PMID- 19975599
TI  - Excitation and Section of the Auriculo-ventricular Bundle.

PMID- 19975600
TI  - Presidential Address: Baths and Climate in relation to Spa Treatment; some
      Reflections and Suggestions.

PMID- 19975601
TI  - Bubonic Plague.

PMID- 19975602
TI  - The Spa Treatment of Neuritis.

PMID- 19975603
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters: An Address Introductory to a
      Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975604
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters: Discussion.

PMID- 19975605
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975607
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975606
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975608
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975609
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975610
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975611
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975612
TI  - A Discussion on Radium Emanation in Mineral Waters.

PMID- 19975613
TI  - The Treatment of Gastro-hepatic Dyspepsia at Vichy, Carlsbad, and Cheltenham.

PMID- 19975615
TI  - Multiple Melanotic Sarcomata of the Skin, possibly Secondary to a Melanotic
      Sarcoma of the Skin, removed Eighteen Months ago.

PMID- 19975614
TI  - Myeloid Sarcoma of the Tibia. Resection of Upper Third of Tibia, followed by
      Bolting of the Bones together with Living Fibula.

PMID- 19975616
TI  - Primary Chancres of the Lip.

PMID- 19975617
TI  - Tumour below the Right Hypochondrium.? Riedel's Lobe.

PMID- 19975618
TI  - Acute Encephalitis.

PMID- 19975619
TI  - Recurrent Aphasia with High Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19975620
TI  - Chronic Splenomegaly of Uncertain Origin, with Persistent Leucopenia.

PMID- 19975621
TI  - Three Cases of Alcohol Injection of the Gasserian Ganglion for Trigeminal
      Neuralgia.

PMID- 19975622
TI  - Enterogenous Cyanosis.

PMID- 19975623
TI  - Spondylose Rhizomelique.

PMID- 19975624
TI  - Pulmonary Stenosis in a Woman, aged 34.

PMID- 19975625
TI  - Epithelioma of Tongue; Operation; Subcutaneous Recurrences on Back Five Years
      later.

PMID- 19975626
TI  - Supernumerary Mamma in a Male.

PMID- 19975628
TI  - Excision of Epithelioma of Lower End of Pharynx.

PMID- 19975627
TI  - The Relative Value of Immediate and Delayed Laparotomy in Pneumococcal
      Peritonitis.

PMID- 19975629
TI  - Anomalous OEdema.

PMID- 19975630
TI  - Diffuse Symmetrical Lipomatosis.

PMID- 19975631
TI  - Osteitis Deformans (Paget's Bone Disease) with Chronic Eczema.

PMID- 19975632
TI  - Persistent Nystagmus associated with Periodical Vomiting.

PMID- 19975633
TI  - Hirschprung's Disease: Congenital Dilatation of the Colon.

PMID- 19975634
TI  - Tabes Dorsalis with one Knee-jerk absent and the other brisk.

PMID- 19975635
TI  - General Thyroid Malignancy.

PMID- 19975636
TI  - Neuro-fibroma of the Supra-orbital Nerve in the Orbit.

PMID- 19975637
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Left Half of the Diaphragm, simulating Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19975638
TI  - Progressive Muscular Dystrophy.

PMID- 19975639
TI  - Paralysis of Right Vocal Cord, Obstruction to Superior Vena Cava, and Partial
      Obliteration of Right Radial Pulse from Mediastinal Fibrosis, probably
      Syphilitic.

PMID- 19975640
TI  - A Case in which there were two separate large Thoracic Aneurysms.

PMID- 19975641
TI  - Sarcoma of the Ilium treated by Coley's Fluid.

PMID- 19975642
TI  - Mikulicz's Disease.

PMID- 19975644
TI  - Rupture of Extensor Tendon of Terminal Phalanx of Finger. Treatment by Fixation,
      with Middle Joint Flexed; Cure.

PMID- 19975643
TI  - Rupture of Extensor Tendon of Terminal Phalanx of Finger.

PMID- 19975645
TI  - Hyperostosis Cranii.

PMID- 19975646
TI  - A Family with Membranous Discharge from the Nose.

PMID- 19975647
TI  - Note on a Case of Ruptured Intestine, with Especial Reference to the Mode of
      Production of the Lesion.

PMID- 19975648
TI  - Excision of the Rectum for Cancer Six and a Half Years after Operation.

PMID- 19975649
TI  - Excision of the Rectum for Cancer Seven Years after Operation.

PMID- 19975650
TI  - Observations of the Movements of the Heart by means of Electrocardiograms.

PMID- 19975651
TI  - Observations of the Movements of the Heart by means of Electrocardiograms.

PMID- 19975652
TI  - Observations of the Movements of the Heart by means of Electrocardiograms.

PMID- 19975653
TI  - Observations of the Movements of the Heart by means of Electrocardiograms.

PMID- 19975654
TI  - Complete Excision of the Rectum for Cancer Two and a Half Years after Operation.

PMID- 19975655
TI  - Notes of a Case of Pseudo-hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19975656
TI  - A Case of (?) Acromegaly.

PMID- 19975657
TI  - Thoracic Aneurysm not connected with the Aorta.

PMID- 19975658
TI  - Relief following Bilateral Nephrotomy and Drainage for Acute Nephritis attended
      by Suppression of Urine and Uraemic Convulsions.

PMID- 19975659
TI  - Osteo-periostitis of Left Tibia (Congenital Syphilitic).

PMID- 19975660
TI  - Osteo-periostitis of Right Tibia (Congenital Syphilitic).

PMID- 19975662
TI  - Sclerema Cutis (Adultorum).

PMID- 19975661
TI  - Tonic Spasm of the Muscles, chiefly of the Extremities (? Myotonia).

PMID- 19975663
TI  - Haemorrhagic Disease in a Child (? Scorbutic).

PMID- 19975665
TI  - Fibro-caseous Tuberculosis of Glands in Neck; Caries of Dorsal Spine.

PMID- 19975664
TI  - Ununited Fracture of the Ulna treated by Bridging the Gap with a Slice sawn from
      the Tibia.

PMID- 19975666
TI  - Case showing Unusual Area of Audibility of a Cardiac Murmur.

PMID- 19975667
TI  - Multiple Arthritis of Doubtful Origin.

PMID- 19975668
TI  - Case showing the Result of Bilateral Division of the Ramus of the Jaw for
      Ankylosis of both Joints (?) Nineteen Months after Operation.

PMID- 19975669
TI  - Sarcoma of the Jaw, probably Myeloma.

PMID- 19975670
TI  - Facio-scapulo-humeral Type of Muscular Dystrophy in Four Patients in Three
      Generations.

PMID- 19975671
TI  - Aortic Regurgitation with Extreme Pulsation of the Aortic Arch; Diastolic Shock
      and Diastolic Thrill over the Heart.

PMID- 19975673
TI  - Actinomycotic Sinuses in the Thigh, from one of which a Concretion, probably
      formed in the Appendix, was discharged.

PMID- 19975672
TI  - Persistent OEdema of Right Hand and Forearm after Slight Tramautism.

PMID- 19975674
TI  - Gonococcic Empyema.

PMID- 19975676
TI  - Haemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion.

PMID- 19975675
TI  - Recurrent Attacks of Dyspnoea (Asthma), accompanied on each occasion by a Faint
      Erythematous Annular Rash on the Limbs and Body.

PMID- 19975677
TI  - Arteriovenous Anastomosis for Gangrene due to Syphilitic Endarteritis.

PMID- 19975679
TI  - Enlarged Spleen with Recurring Haematemesis.

PMID- 19975678
TI  - Clinical Observations on an Epidemic of Acute Poliomyelitis in Cornwall.

PMID- 19975681
TI  - A large Malignant Growth of the Cheek which has disappeared under Radium
      Treatment.

PMID- 19975680
TI  - Toxic Cirrhosis, with Spleno-portal Thrombosis and Ascites, treated by Femoral
      Drainage.

PMID- 19975682
TI  - Haemochromatosis with Diabetes.

PMID- 19975683
TI  - Ivory Exostosis of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19975684
TI  - Two Cases of Malignant Anaemia.

PMID- 19975685
TI  - The Rheumatic Diathesis and the Thyroid Gland.

PMID- 19975687
TI  - Further Experience in the Treatment of Cholera by Injections of Hypertonic
      Salines and Permanganates Internally among Europeans at Palermo.

PMID- 19975686
TI  - Lipoma of Tongue.

PMID- 19975688
TI  - Severe Facial Neuralgia Associated with Myoma Cutis.

PMID- 19975689
TI  - Four Cases illustrating Surgical Treatment of Chronic Empyema of the Nasal
      Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19975690
TI  - Long-standing Dislocation of the Patella (? Traumatic) and Osteo-arthritis of the
      Knee-joint treated by Operation Eighteen Months ago.

PMID- 19975691
TI  - Demonstration, by the Direct Method, of Papillomata of the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19975692
TI  - Acute Periostitis of Rib with Separation of Sequestra (Non-tuberculous, Non
      traumatic).

PMID- 19975693
TI  - Healed Double Empyema.

PMID- 19975694
TI  - Anterior Gastro-jejunostomy; Perforated Jejunal Ulcer; Detachment of Jejunum;
      Excision of Ulcer; Gastro-duodenostomy.

PMID- 19975695
TI  - Gastric Carcinoma; Partial Gastrectomy two years ago.

PMID- 19975696
TI  - Excision of Large Myeloid Sarcoma of the Ischium.

PMID- 19975697
TI  - Painful Osteo-arthritic Hip.

PMID- 19975698
TI  - Two Cases of Rodent Ulcer treated by Fulguration.

PMID- 19975699
TI  - Case of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19975700
TI  - Congenital Specific Stenosis of the Fauces and Pharynx.

PMID- 19975701
TI  - Ligation of the Innominate Artery for Subclavian Aneurysm.

PMID- 19975702
TI  - Onychia Sicca Syphilitica associated with Total Alopecia (Alopecia Areata Type).

PMID- 19975703
TI  - Haemochromatosis with Diabetes.

PMID- 19975704
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19975705
TI  - Congenital Xanthoma.

PMID- 19975706
TI  - Case showing an Abnormal Condition of the Nails of the Hands associated with
      Secondary Carcinomatosis.

PMID- 19975707
TI  - Hebra's Prurigo in a Baby Girl, aged 15 months.

PMID- 19975708
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19975709
TI  - Xantho-erythrodermia Perstans (Crocker-Pernet).

PMID- 19975710
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975711
TI  - Lichen Planus Annularis.

PMID- 19975713
TI  - Double Cervical Ribs associated with Vascular Phenomena suggesting Raynaud's
      Disease.

PMID- 19975712
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975714
TI  - Sections of the Skin of a Kitten affected with Microsporon Ringworm, and a
      Culture from the Hair of a Child infected by the Kitten.

PMID- 19975715
TI  - Multiple Benign Cystic Epithelioma.

PMID- 19975716
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975717
TI  - Extensive Pigmented Hairy Mole on the Trunk and Small Pigmented Moles on the Face
      and Limbs in a Female Child, aged 2 years.

PMID- 19975718
TI  - Cases with Characteristics of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19975719
TI  - Bromide Eruption.

PMID- 19975720
TI  - Fibromata in a Girl, aged 17.

PMID- 19975721
TI  - Sclerodactylia with Subcutaneous Calcification.

PMID- 19975722
TI  - Case of (Infective) Angioma.

PMID- 19975723
TI  - Tropho-neurotic Separation of Nails, followed by Alopecia Areata.

PMID- 19975724
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975725
TI  - Haemorrhage into the Nail-matrices and Nail-beds of the Finger-nails.

PMID- 19975726
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975727
TI  - Persistent Circinate Papulo-necrotic Eruption (? Teburculide).

PMID- 19975728
TI  - Tuberculide of the Type called "Sarcoid" of Darier-Roussy.

PMID- 19975729
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19975730
TI  - Generalized Ichthyosis in a Girl, aged 14.

PMID- 19975731
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975732
TI  - Tuberculide in a Boy, aged 10.

PMID- 19975733
TI  - Case of Pseudo-pelade.

PMID- 19975734
TI  - Hydroa Vacciniforme vel AEstivale in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19975736
TI  - Elephantiasis of the Lip.

PMID- 19975735
TI  - Eruption due to Ferrous Iodide.

PMID- 19975737
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Ferrous Iodide Rash).

PMID- 19975738
TI  - Case of Syringoma.

PMID- 19975739
TI  - Maculo-anaesthetic Leprosy in a Woman, aged 25.

PMID- 19975740
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris and Scrofulodermia treated by the Pfannenstill Method.

PMID- 19975741
TI  - Erythema Nodosum, associated with Mammary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19975742
TI  - Case of Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19975744
TI  - Acquired Syphilis in a Girl, aged 10.

PMID- 19975743
TI  - Circumscribed Lichenification (Nevrodermite).

PMID- 19975745
TI  - Multiple Scars on the Body and Limbs, and Partial Destruction of the Ears.

PMID- 19975746
TI  - Case of? Potassium Iodide Eruption.

PMID- 19975747
TI  - Tuberculides in a Girl, aged 5.

PMID- 19975748
TI  - Case of? Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19975749
TI  - Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex associated with Peculiar Osteo-arthritic Changes in
      the Joints.

PMID- 19975750
TI  - Alopecia Areata et Totalis Cured by Pregnancy, and Relapsing with the Re
      establishment of the Menses.

PMID- 19975751
TI  - Ichthyosis with Late Development.

PMID- 19975752
TI  - Case of? Urticaria Perstans Annulata et Gyrata.

PMID- 19975753
TI  - Two Cases of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19975754
TI  - Solar Epitheliomatosis (late Xerodermia Pigmentosa) in a Man, aged 33.

PMID- 19975755
TI  - Generalized Sarcomatosis in a Man, aged 62.

PMID- 19975756
TI  - Developing Systematized Naevus on the Back and Front and Arms in a Boy, aged 8
      months.

PMID- 19975758
TI  - Note on the AEtiology of Leprosy.

PMID- 19975757
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification: An Address
      Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975759
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975760
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975761
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975762
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975763
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975765
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975764
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975766
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975768
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975767
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975769
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975770
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975771
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975773
TI  - Naevus Unius Lateris of Skin and Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19975772
TI  - A Discussion on Prurigo, Pruriginous Eczema, and Lichenification.

PMID- 19975774
TI  - Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19975775
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975776
TI  - Acne Scrofulosorum (Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide) with Episcleral Tubercle.

PMID- 19975778
TI  - Two Cases of Summer Eruption.

PMID- 19975777
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975779
TI  - Keloids of the Ears following Piercing for Ear-rings.

PMID- 19975781
TI  - Atrophic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19975780
TI  - Drawing and Photograph of a Case of Mycosis Fungoides d'emblee.

PMID- 19975782
TI  - Multiple Angiomata.

PMID- 19975783
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus localized on the Scalp.

PMID- 19975784
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in a Baby, aged 10 months.

PMID- 19975785
TI  - Case of Vitiligo.

PMID- 19975786
TI  - Granuloma Annulare in a Little Girl, aged 4.

PMID- 19975787
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975788
TI  - Granuloma Annulare in a Boy, aged 2(1/2).

PMID- 19975789
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Umbilicus cured by the Application of Radium.

PMID- 19975791
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins: Addresses
      Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19975790
TI  - Extensive Ringworm of the Trunk and Extremities, with Granulomatous Formations.

PMID- 19975792
TI  - Two Independent Primary New Growths on the Face, one Pigmented and the other not,
      in a Woman, aged 72.

PMID- 19975794
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975793
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975795
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975796
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975797
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975798
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975799
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975800
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975801
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975802
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975804
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica or Lichen Variegatus.

PMID- 19975803
TI  - A Discussion on Eczematoid Ringworm of the Extremities and Groins.

PMID- 19975805
TI  - Recurrent Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19975807
TI  - Culture of Fungus from Hairs affected with "Piedra.".

PMID- 19975806
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975808
TI  - Syphilitic Elephantiasis of the Scrotum (Lymphangitis).

PMID- 19975809
TI  - Darier's Disease in a Married Woman, aged 30.

PMID- 19975810
TI  - Case of Naevus.

PMID- 19975811
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris in a Syphilitic Subject.

PMID- 19975812
TI  - Microscopical Section from a Case of Extensive Ringworm with Granulomatous
      Formations.

PMID- 19975814
TI  - Case of Syphilis.

PMID- 19975813
TI  - Culture of Achorion Quinckeanum (Mouse-favus) obtained from a Girl, aged 5 years.

PMID- 19975815
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19975817
TI  - A peculiar Naevus.

PMID- 19975816
TI  - General Small Lichenoid Syphilide.

PMID- 19975818
TI  - Striae Cutis Distensae.

PMID- 19975819
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975820
TI  - Keratodermia Blenorrhagica in a Young Man.

PMID- 19975821
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975822
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975823
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975825
TI  - Extensive Naevus affecting chiefly the Left Side of the Body and partially the
      Right Side of the Neck in a Girl, aged 14.

PMID- 19975824
TI  - Cultures of Trichophyton Plicatile from a Case of Extensive Ringworm of the Trunk
      and Extremities, with Granulomatous Formations.

PMID- 19975826
TI  - Sequel to Case of Chronic Artificial Skin Eruption.

PMID- 19975828
TI  - Two Cases of Alopecia Universalis.

PMID- 19975827
TI  - Extraordinary Pigmentation of the Face.

PMID- 19975830
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975829
TI  - Small Linear Naevus on the Palm of the Hand of a Girl, aged 5.

PMID- 19975831
TI  - An Unusual Case of Cicatrizing Folliculitis of the Scalp in a Woman, aged 55.

PMID- 19975833
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975832
TI  - Leucodermia Syphilitica with Central Atrophy.

PMID- 19975834
TI  - Alopecia Universalis with Dystrophy of the Nails.

PMID- 19975835
TI  - Morphoea Guttata.

PMID- 19975836
TI  - The Practical Use of Eucerin as an Ointment Basis.

PMID- 19975838
TI  - Presidential Address: Survey of the Year's Work in Electro-Therapeutics.

PMID- 19975837
TI  - Raynaud's Disease associated with Calcareous Degeneration.

PMID- 19975839
TI  - A Method of Reducing Excessive Frequency of the Heart-beat by means of Rhythmical
      Muscle-contractions Electrically Provoked.

PMID- 19975840
TI  - The Radio-therapeutic Treatment of Uterine Fibroma.

PMID- 19975841
TI  - The Treatment of Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19975843
TI  - Demonstration of a New Compressor.

PMID- 19975842
TI  - The Clinical Use of the Active Deposit of Radium.

PMID- 19975844
TI  - Skiagram of a Case of Separation of the Lower Epiphysis of the Femur.

PMID- 19975845
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19975846
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19975847
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19975848
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19975849
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19975851
TI  - The X-ray Prognosis of Fractures.

PMID- 19975850
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19975853
TI  - Secondary X-radiations: Their Uses and Possibilities in Medicine.

PMID- 19975852
TI  - The Importance of Stereoradiography, especially of the Alimentary Tract, with
      Demonstration of Plates.

PMID- 19975854
TI  - Radiography in Intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19975855
TI  - Opening of the New Building by His Majesty the King, accompanied by Her Majesty
      the Queen.

PMID- 19975856
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975857
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975859
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975858
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975860
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975861
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975862
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975863
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975864
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975865
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975866
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975867
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975868
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975869
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975870
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975871
TI  - Summary of the Debate.

PMID- 19975872
TI  - Introductory Remarks by the PRESIDENT.

PMID- 19975873
TI  - Opening Address, with special reference to the Prevalence and Intensity of the
      Disease in the Past and at the Present Day.

PMID- 19975874
TI  - Opening Address, with special reference to the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975875
TI  - Opening Address, with special reference to the Relation of the Disease to Public
      Health, including Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19975876
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975877
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975878
TI  - A Discussion on Syphilis, with special reference to (a) its Prevalence and
      Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health,
      including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease.

PMID- 19975879
TI  - Expansion of the Jaws, by means of Dental Plates and Screws, for Nasal
      Obstruction due to Narrowed Nasal Passages.

PMID- 19975880
TI  - Erosion or Deficiency of Nasal Bones in a Case of Multiple Nasal Polypi
      (bilateral) with Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19975881
TI  - Double Acute Frontal Sinusitis following Influenza.

PMID- 19975882
TI  - Acute Sphenoidal and Maxillary Sinusitis.

PMID- 19975883
TI  - Tracheotomy performed Sixteen Years ago for Fixation of Cords in Mid-line, caused
      by (?) Inflammation of each Crico-arytaenoid Joint.

PMID- 19975884
TI  - Lupus of Hard and Soft Palate, Epiglottis, Larynx, and both Nasal Cavities; Lupus
      Erythematosus on both Cheeks.

PMID- 19975885
TI  - Extensive and Rapid Destruction of the Soft Palate by Specific Disease.

PMID- 19975886
TI  - Growth from the Trachea in a Woman, aged 24.

PMID- 19975887
TI  - Cystic Conditions of Left Arytaenoid in a Tuberculous Subject.

PMID- 19975888
TI  - Severe Epistaxis associated with Multiple Hereditary Telangiectases.

PMID- 19975889
TI  - Syphilitic Ulceration at the Base of the Tongue.

PMID- 19975890
TI  - Papilloma removed from the Posterior End of the Right Inferior Turbinal.

PMID- 19975891
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of the Nose.

PMID- 19975892
TI  - Molar Tooth removed from Right Bronchus by Upper Bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19975893
TI  - Microscopical Section of Melano-sarcoma of the Nose.

PMID- 19975894
TI  - Lantern Demonstration of X-ray Photographs illustrating Diseases of the Accessory
      Sinuses.

PMID- 19975895
TI  - Vincent's Angina.

PMID- 19975896
TI  - Paralysis of the Right Vocal Cord following Injury to the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19975897
TI  - Gumma of the Thyroid Cartilage.

PMID- 19975898
TI  - Dental Cysts inside the Nose.

PMID- 19975899
TI  - Herpes of the Palate.

PMID- 19975900
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19975901
TI  - Tumour of the Larynx-Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975902
TI  - Microscopical Sections from a Case of Tuberculous Ulcer of the Larynx; the First
      suggestive of Epithelioma, the Second of Non-bacillary Tuberculosis? Lupus.

PMID- 19975903
TI  - Intrinsic Carcinoma of Larynx removed under Infusion Anaesthesia with Hedonal.

PMID- 19975905
TI  - Cystic Swelling of the Nose.

PMID- 19975904
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of the Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19975906
TI  - Demonstration of Osteoplastic Radical Frontal Sinus Operation on the Dead Body.

PMID- 19975907
TI  - Foreign Body, a Nail Two Inches long, in the Left Bronchus of a Child, aged
      2(1/2), with Complete Transposition of Viscera.

PMID- 19975908
TI  - New Electric Light Gag for use in Operating on the Faucial Regions, &c.

PMID- 19975909
TI  - Large Cyst in the Right Tonsil of a Woman, aged 24.

PMID- 19975910
TI  - Tonsils Enucleated by means of a 16 mm. Mackenzie Guillotine.

PMID- 19975911
TI  - Asthma with Swollen Middle Turbinals.

PMID- 19975913
TI  - Fibro-angioma growing from the Inferior Turbinal.

PMID- 19975912
TI  - Tumour of the Left Antrum.

PMID- 19975914
TI  - Enophthalmos; Total Ophthalmoplegia; Fixation of the Eye to Floor of Orbit and
      Partial Blindness.? Result of Curetting the Ethmoidal Region in April, 1911.

PMID- 19975915
TI  - Instruments for Use with Brunings's Tubes.

PMID- 19975916
TI  - Bleeding Tumour of the Septum.

PMID- 19975917
TI  - Lupus of the Nose treated by Tuberculin.

PMID- 19975918
TI  - Total Laryngectomy by a Suicide.

PMID- 19975920
TI  - Large Cyst on the Soft Palate of a Boy.

PMID- 19975919
TI  - Large Aberrant Thyroid in a Woman.

PMID- 19975921
TI  - Pneumococcic Laryngitis followed by Suppurative Arthritis, Endocarditis,
      Septicaemia, and Death.

PMID- 19975922
TI  - Lupus of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19975923
TI  - Subsequent History of a Case of Swelling in the Right Tonsillar Region, in a
      Woman, aged 24.

PMID- 19975924
TI  - Tertiary Specific Ulceration of the Pharynx undergoing Malignant Transformation.

PMID- 19975926
TI  - Specimen presenting Traction Diverticulum of OEsophagus and Atrophy of Left Vocal
      Cord, due to Infiltrated Gland beneath Arch of Aorta.

PMID- 19975925
TI  - Microscopical Section of Growth removed from Trachea of a Woman, aged 24.

PMID- 19975927
TI  - OEsophagus with Perforations due to Ulceration produced by Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19975928
TI  - OEsophagus with Cicatricial Stenosis caused by Carbolic Acid.

PMID- 19975929
TI  - Cancer of OEsophagus projecting into Trachea.

PMID- 19975931
TI  - Papilloma of the Palate in an Old Man.

PMID- 19975930
TI  - Laryngeal Crises with Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19975933
TI  - Stenosis of Larynx.

PMID- 19975932
TI  - Epithelioma of Pharynx: Operations.

PMID- 19975934
TI  - Growth in Post-nasal Region.

PMID- 19975935
TI  - Report on Mr. Wilkinson's Specimen of (?) Papilloma removed from the Posterior
      End of the Right Inferior Turbinal.

PMID- 19975936
TI  - Demonstration of the Treatment of Malignant Growths of the Mouth and Pharynx by
      Diathermy.

PMID- 19975937
TI  - Double Ethmoidal Mucocele.

PMID- 19975938
TI  - Chronic Loss of Voice in a Man.

PMID- 19975939
TI  - A Man unusually Tolerant and Easy of Laryngeal Examination.

PMID- 19975941
TI  - Ulceration at the Base of the Tongue.

PMID- 19975940
TI  - Chronic OEdema of the Fauces and Larynx in a Boy.

PMID- 19975942
TI  - Sarcoma of the Thyroid perforating the Trachea.

PMID- 19975943
TI  - Laryngeal Stenosis.

PMID- 19975944
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of the Larynx.

PMID- 19975945
TI  - Malignant Disease of Pharynx and Tongue in a Man, aged 56. Operation Two Years
      ago: no Recurrence.

PMID- 19975946
TI  - Laryngo-fissure for Intrinsic Carcinoma.

PMID- 19975947
TI  - Cyst of the Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19975949
TI  - Guillotine for Enucleation of Tonsils by Sluder's Method.

PMID- 19975948
TI  - Tuberculous Infiltration of the Larynx.

PMID- 19975950
TI  - Section of a Papilloma removed from the Free Border of the Left Interior Turbinal
      at the Junction of the Posterior and Middle Thirds.

PMID- 19975952
TI  - Epignathus or Teratoid Tumour of the Nasal Septum and Base of the Skull.

PMID- 19975951
TI  - Laryngeal Stenosis.

PMID- 19975953
TI  - A Patient who wore a Tracheotomy Tube for Fifty Years.

PMID- 19975954
TI  - An Affection of the Fauces simulating Secondary Syphilis.

PMID- 19975955
TI  - Specific Ulceration of the Tongue, Nasal Septum and Larynx.

PMID- 19975956
TI  - Skiagrams illustrating the Treatment of Two Cases of Non-malignant Stricture of
      Gullet by Endo-oesophageal Mechanical Dilatation.

PMID- 19975957
TI  - Fixation of the Left Half of the Larynx in a Woman.

PMID- 19975958
TI  - Instruments to facilitate Per-oral Tracheo-bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19975960
TI  - Bony Growth of the Nose and Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19975959
TI  - Bilateral OEdema of the Ethmoidal Septum in Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19975961
TI  - Four Cases illustrating Disease of the Sphenoidal Sinus.

PMID- 19975962
TI  - Demonstration of Exhibits illustrating Disease of the Sphenoidal Sinus.

PMID- 19975963
TI  - Lateral Skiagram of Skull showing Sphenoidal Sinus and Sella Turcica.

PMID- 19975964
TI  - Unilateral Atrophic Rhinitis in which the Ostium of the Right Sphenoidal Sinus is
      well seen.

PMID- 19975965
TI  - A Patient in whom all the Sinuses were Operated on some Nine Years ago for
      Chronic Suppurative Sinusitis.

PMID- 19975966
TI  - Two Cases of Disease of the Sphenoidal Sinuses.

PMID- 19975967
TI  - Chronic Sphenoidal Sinus Suppuration associated with Disease of the Left Antrum
      and Ethmoidal Cells in a Woman, aged 23.

PMID- 19975968
TI  - Sphenoidal Sinus operated on and cured of Suppuration of some Years' Duration.

PMID- 19975970
TI  - Laryngeal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19975969
TI  - Cannula and Stylet used for making Applications to the Sphenoidal Sinus.

PMID- 19975971
TI  - Growth on the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19975972
TI  - Left Sphenoidal Sinus Suppuration in a Man, aged 35.

PMID- 19975973
TI  - Extensive Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal Sinus Disease on Both Sides.

PMID- 19975974
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975976
TI  - Multiple Sinusitis in a Woman, aged 45.

PMID- 19975975
TI  - Suppuration in the Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19975978
TI  - Lingual Thyroid.

PMID- 19975977
TI  - Paralysis of the Right Vocal Cord, with an Affection of the Third, Sixth, and
      Tenth Motor Cranial Nerves.

PMID- 19975979
TI  - Cyst of Ary-epiglottic Fold.

PMID- 19975981
TI  - Ulceration of the Left Ala and Vestibule of the Nose.

PMID- 19975980
TI  - Swelling in the Neck in a Child, aged 4(1/2).

PMID- 19975982
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of the OEsophagus; Lower Thoracic with Superadded
      Pharyngeal Dysphagia;? Paretic or Spasmodic.

PMID- 19975984
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975983
TI  - Epithelioma of the Ventricular Band in a Man, aged 36.

PMID- 19975985
TI  - Tracheo-laryngostomy for Traumatic Laryngeal Stenosis.

PMID- 19975986
TI  - Pedunculated Intrinsic Growth of Larynx in a Man, aged 41.

PMID- 19975987
TI  - Three Cases of Syphilis of Special Interest, two of the Soft Palate and one of
      the Tongue.

PMID- 19975988
TI  - Fixation of Left Vocal Cord and Tracheal Tugging.

PMID- 19975989
TI  - Foreign Bodies removed with the aid of Upper Bronchoscopy in an Infant 13 months
      old.

PMID- 19975991
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of the Deep Pharynx.

PMID- 19975990
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx in a Man, aged 23.

PMID- 19975992
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of Larynx in a Man, aged 37.

PMID- 19975994
TI  - Prolonged Laryngeal Stenosis from some obscure Inflammatory cause (? Pneumococcus
      Infection).

PMID- 19975993
TI  - Abductor Paresis with Tuberculous Disease of both Apices.

PMID- 19975995
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19975996
TI  - Forceps for the Direct Removal of Laryngeal Growths.

PMID- 19975997
TI  - Large Suppurating Bony-walled Cyst of Right Middle Turbinal, associated with
      Chronic Empyema of corresponding Antrum.

PMID- 19975998
TI  - Patient cured of External Suppurating Frontal Sinus Fistula by Intranasal
      Operation.

PMID- 19975999
TI  - Unilateral Paralysis affecting the Face, Pharynx, Larynx, and Tongue, acute in
      Onset.

PMID- 19976000
TI  - Pedunculated Intrinsic Growth of Larynx in a Man, aged 41.

PMID- 19976001
TI  - Notes of Three Cases illustrating Infection of the Accessory Sinuses, by Entry of
      Water into the Nose during Bathing; and of a Fourth Case having possibly the same
      origin.

PMID- 19976002
TI  - Papilloma growing from the Inferior Turbinate.

PMID- 19976003
TI  - Pharyngeal Tuberculosis; Tuberculous Lesions of other Parts; Treatment by
      Injections of Tuberculin.

PMID- 19976004
TI  - Polypoid Mass growing from an Enlarged Tonsil.? Cystic Degeneration.

PMID- 19976005
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19976006
TI  - Papillomata on both Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19976008
TI  - Swelling of the Right Ventricular Band and Vocal Cord in a Man, aged 40.

PMID- 19976007
TI  - Pachydermia of the Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19976009
TI  - Atrophic Rhinitis, with Nasal Obstruction, in a Child, aged 7.

PMID- 19976010
TI  - Hyperostosis Cranii or Leontiasis Ossea.

PMID- 19976011
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Retropharyngeal Lymphatic Glands.

PMID- 19976013
TI  - Swelling in Region of Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19976012
TI  - Two Cases illustrating Unusual Complications of Chronic Empyema of the Nasal
      Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19976014
TI  - Tuberculous Laryngitis. Acute Herpetoid Condition.

PMID- 19976015
TI  - Report on Mr. Bain's Specimen of Papilloma growing from the Inferior Turbinate.

PMID- 19976016
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Discrete Angioma of Nose.

PMID- 19976017
TI  - Enlargement of the Nose in a Patient suffering from Nasal Polypi and
      Pansinusitis.

PMID- 19976018
TI  - Ulcerated Growth of the Larynx.

PMID- 19976019
TI  - Thyroid Tumour at the Base of the Tongue.

PMID- 19976020
TI  - Swelling in the Right Tonsillar Region in a Woman, aged 24.

PMID- 19976021
TI  - Post-influenzal Paralysis of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19976022
TI  - Skiagrams illustrating (a) the Palliative Action of Radium Salts in Malignant
      Stricture of the Gullet, and (b) the Advantages of the X-ray Screen for
      accurately applying a Radium Apparatus in the Strictured Area.

PMID- 19976023
TI  - Microscopical Section of a Malignant Columnar-celled Carcinoma of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19976024
TI  - Growth on Anterior Third of Right Vocal Cord in a Man, aged 44.

PMID- 19976026
TI  - Tumour of Right Lateral Wall of the Pharynx involving the Right Arytaenoid.

PMID- 19976025
TI  - Abeyance of Nasal Breathing.

PMID- 19976027
TI  - Production of Lateral Perforations of the Palate by a Tertiary Ulceration.

PMID- 19976028
TI  - Ulcer of the Floor of the Mouth.? Septic or Malignant.

PMID- 19976029
TI  - Three Cases showing different stages of Cystic Fibromata.

PMID- 19976031
TI  - Larynx showing Epithelioma removed post mortem from a Man, aged 23.

PMID- 19976030
TI  - Tonsillar Neoplasm in a Young Woman, the subject of Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976032
TI  - Combined Tuberculosis and Syphilis of the Larynx in a Woman, aged 43.

PMID- 19976033
TI  - Double Abductor Paralysis in a Man, aged 50. Proposed Operation.

PMID- 19976034
TI  - Double Abductor Paralysis in a Man, aged 42.

PMID- 19976035
TI  - Foreign Body retained in the Nose for Fourteen Years; a Grain of Indian Corn,
      which is germinating.

PMID- 19976036
TI  - Foreign Body, a Pearl Collar-stud, impacted in the Glottis of a Child, aged 3.

PMID- 19976037
TI  - Functional Aphonia in a Child, aged 6.

PMID- 19976039
TI  - Slight Strokes.

PMID- 19976038
TI  - Traumatic Injury to the Larynx in a Man, aged 41.

PMID- 19976040
TI  - The Influence of some Foodstuffs on Gastric Secretion.

PMID- 19976041
TI  - On the Association of Hysteria with Malingering, and on the Phylogenetic Aspect
      of Hysteria as Pathological Exaggeration (or Disorder) of Tertiary (Nervous) Sex
      Characters.

PMID- 19976042
TI  - The Vaccine Treatment of Simple Goitre.

PMID- 19976043
TI  - Angina Abdominis.

PMID- 19976044
TI  - Functional Hour-glass Stomach.

PMID- 19976045
TI  - Nodular Leukaemia: with an Illustrative Case and References to over One Hundred
      others.

PMID- 19976046
TI  - Presidential Address: The Inborn Factors of Nervous and Mental Disease.

PMID- 19976047
TI  - Dermato-myositis in a Child, with Pathological Report.

PMID- 19976048
TI  - Two Cases of Spontaneous Haematorrhachis, or Intrameningeal Spinal Haemorrhage
      one cured by Laminectomy.

PMID- 19976049
TI  - The Vestibule and the Preception of Space.

PMID- 19976050
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976051
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19976052
TI  - Case of Athetosis.

PMID- 19976053
TI  - General Athetosis in Two Sisters.

PMID- 19976054
TI  - Friedreich's Disease.

PMID- 19976056
TI  - Case of Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19976055
TI  - Three Brothers, illustrating an Unusual Form of Family Paralysis (Familial
      Lateral Sclerosis with Amyotrophy).

PMID- 19976058
TI  - Long-standing Clonic Tic improving under Treatment.

PMID- 19976057
TI  - Progressive Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19976059
TI  - Astereognosis, probably due to a Lesion of the Posterior Columns in the Cervical
      Region.

PMID- 19976060
TI  - Unilateral Ataxia.

PMID- 19976061
TI  - Adolescent General Paralysis.

PMID- 19976062
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Third Cranial Nerve associated with Left-sided Headache.

PMID- 19976063
TI  - A Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976064
TI  - Facial Spasm treated by Injection.

PMID- 19976065
TI  - Persistent Hiccough.

PMID- 19976066
TI  - A Case of Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19976067
TI  - Pathological Changes in Voluntary Muscles in General Diseases.

PMID- 19976069
TI  - The Complete Histo-pathological Examination of the Nervous System of an Unusual
      Case of Obstetrical Paralysis Forty-one Years after Birth, and a Review of the
      Pathology.

PMID- 19976068
TI  - The Changes in the Central Nervous System resulting from Thyro-parathyroidectomy.

PMID- 19976070
TI  - Case of Myotonus.

PMID- 19976071
TI  - Three Cases of "Bilateral Athetosis.".

PMID- 19976072
TI  - Bilateral Involuntary Movements, Athetoid and Choreiform.

PMID- 19976073
TI  - A Peculiar Case of Congenital Paralysis.

PMID- 19976074
TI  - Paralysis of Sixth and Seventh Cranial Nerves in a Child.

PMID- 19976075
TI  - Four Cases of Facial Paralysis treated by Hypoglosso-facial Anastomosis.

PMID- 19976076
TI  - Cerebral Diplegia treated by Posterior Root Section.

PMID- 19976077
TI  - Cerebral Monoplegia?

PMID- 19976078
TI  - A Case of Hypo-pituitarism.

PMID- 19976079
TI  - Poliomyelitis, with Extensor Response.

PMID- 19976080
TI  - Peroneal Atrophy, with Signs of Friedreich's Disease.

PMID- 19976082
TI  - Myotonia Atrophica.

PMID- 19976081
TI  - A Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976083
TI  - Unilateral Sweating of the Face.

PMID- 19976084
TI  - Progressive Myatrophy in Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19976085
TI  - Presidential Address: The Past Work of the Obstetrical Society of London and some
      of the Obstetric and Gynaecological Problems still awaiting Solution.

PMID- 19976086
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976087
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976088
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976089
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976090
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976091
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976092
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976093
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976094
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity.

PMID- 19976095
TI  - Cervix (Anterior Lip) adherent to Posterior Vaginal Wall down to Perineum.

PMID- 19976096
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19976097
TI  - Carcinoma of the Vulva in a Patient aged 79.

PMID- 19976098
TI  - Cyst occurring in Resected Ovary.

PMID- 19976100
TI  - Extra-uterine Gestation; Death of Foetus near Term; Removal of whole Sac three
      months later.

PMID- 19976099
TI  - Rupture of Pregnant Rudimentary Horn of Bicornute Uterus.

PMID- 19976101
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Female Urethra.

PMID- 19976102
TI  - Ovarian Pregnancy.

PMID- 19976103
TI  - Sequel to a Case of Cystic Degeneration of Chorion.

PMID- 19976104
TI  - Angiochorioma of Placenta.

PMID- 19976105
TI  - Exfoliation of the Endometrium during Menstruation.

PMID- 19976106
TI  - Bilateral Carcinomatus Sarcoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19976107
TI  - Rhabdo-myosarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19976108
TI  - Two Cases of "Missed Labour.".

PMID- 19976109
TI  - A Case of (?) Chorionepithelioma.

PMID- 19976111
TI  - A Degenerating Uterine Fibroma.

PMID- 19976110
TI  - On the Relative Size of the Uterus in Cases of Hydatid Mole, with Illustrative
      Cases and Specimens.

PMID- 19976113
TI  - The Presence of Blood-pigment in the Faeces of the New-born.

PMID- 19976112
TI  - Specimen of a Fibromyomatous Uterus removed for Pain Twenty Years after
      Apostoli's Treatment.

PMID- 19976114
TI  - A Rachitic Assimilation Pelvis.

PMID- 19976116
TI  - The Treatment of Puerperal Septicaemia by Bacterial Vaccines.

PMID- 19976115
TI  - Supravaginal Hysterectomy performed during Pregnancy instead of Induction of
      Abortion, with Sterilization, for repeated Puerperal Melancholia.

PMID- 19976117
TI  - Sacral Teratoma removed from an Infant Two Days Old.

PMID- 19976118
TI  - Large Warty Fibroma of Labium.

PMID- 19976119
TI  - Fibroid (? Cellular Fibroma? Sarcoma) of the Uterus.

PMID- 19976120
TI  - Large Placenta in Case of Ectopic Gestation Three Months beyond Term.

PMID- 19976121
TI  - A Foetus with Congenital Hereditary Graves's Disease.

PMID- 19976122
TI  - Sections of a Three Months Abortion: Placenta undergoing Advanced Calcareous
      Degeneration.

PMID- 19976123
TI  - Extraperitoneal Dermoid Cyst (Suppurating).

PMID- 19976124
TI  - Sections of Ovarian Concretions (Haematoliths) and of the Cyst Wall in which they
      were contained.

PMID- 19976125
TI  - Caesarean Section for Dystocia due to Coils of the Cord around the Foetus.

PMID- 19976126
TI  - A Plea for the Use of a Pathological Classification of the Diseases of Women.

PMID- 19976127
TI  - Uterus and Appendages from a Case of Primary Amenorrhoea.

PMID- 19976128
TI  - Fibroid Polyp showing (?) Malignant Glandular Invasion.

PMID- 19976129
TI  - Fibro-adenoma of the Ovarian Fimbria, and the Question of the Accessory Ovary.

PMID- 19976130
TI  - Retroversion of the Gravid Uterus complicated by Over-distension of the Bladder
      and Haematuria.

PMID- 19976131
TI  - Death of the Child due to Rupture of Umbilical Vessels during Labour.

PMID- 19976132
TI  - Ganglion Neuroma (partly Embryonic in Structure) of the Mesentery.

PMID- 19976133
TI  - Half of a Broken Glass Catheter removed from the Bladder.

PMID- 19976134
TI  - Uterus removed after "Utriculoplasty.".

PMID- 19976135
TI  - Extraperitoneal Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19976136
TI  - Embryotomy after Version for Placenta Praevia.

PMID- 19976138
TI  - Hysterectomy for Ploypoid Endometritis.

PMID- 19976137
TI  - The Clinical Significance of Acidosis in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19976139
TI  - Gravid Uterus with Fibroids.

PMID- 19976140
TI  - Specimen of an Epignathus.

PMID- 19976141
TI  - Generalized OEdema of the Foetus.

PMID- 19976142
TI  - Haematocele of the Canal of Nuck.

PMID- 19976143
TI  - Two Cases of Dystocia due to Premature Contraction Ring of Uterus.

PMID- 19976144
TI  - Haematosalpinx and Haematometra, Bicornute Uterus. Atresia of the Vagina and
      Cervix Uteri.

PMID- 19976146
TI  - The Pathology of Uterine Casts passed during Menstruation.

PMID- 19976145
TI  - The Physiological Influence of Ovarian Secretion.

PMID- 19976148
TI  - Double Ruptured Ectopic Gestations.

PMID- 19976147
TI  - Sequel to Case of Bilateral Carcinomatous Sarcoma of the Ovaries.

PMID- 19976149
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19976150
TI  - Fibroma of the Pelvic Fascia forming a Large Perineal Tumour.

PMID- 19976151
TI  - A Large Fibrocystic Tumour distending the Left Buttock and continuous with
      Tumours in the Vagina and in the Abdomen.

PMID- 19976152
TI  - Tubal Pregnancy in the Fourth Month of Gestation: Removal of the Unruptured Sac.

PMID- 19976153
TI  - Cancer of Uterus and One Ovary subsequent to Double Salpingectomy for
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976154
TI  - Diffuse Tuberculosis of the Uterus.

PMID- 19976155
TI  - Specimen of Fibroma of the Uterus and Carcinoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19976156
TI  - Ovarian Cystoma of unusual size complicated by Ventral Hernia and Ascites.

PMID- 19976157
TI  - Necrotic Fibroma of the Ovary, and Cancer of the Cervix Uteri, occurring in the
      same Patient.

PMID- 19976158
TI  - Pyelonephritis of Pregnancy with Specimen of the Urinary Organs.

PMID- 19976159
TI  - Full-term Extra-uterine Gestation. Laparotomy during Spurious Labour. Recovery of
      Mother with Living Child.

PMID- 19976160
TI  - Rare Books from Professor Klein (Munich).

PMID- 19976161
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on
      the Subject.

PMID- 19976162
TI  - A Discussion on Amenorrhoeal Insanity: Discussion.

PMID- 19976163
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19976164
TI  - Demonstration on the Formation of Ions and their Application in the Treatment of
      Periodontal Membrane.

PMID- 19976165
TI  - General Exostosis of all the Maxillary Teeth.

PMID- 19976167
TI  - The Position of Swivels on Spring Dentures.

PMID- 19976166
TI  - Fistula of the Antrum closed by Sliding Bone-flaps.

PMID- 19976168
TI  - Models showing Variation in Number, Size, and Position of Teeth, Incisors and
      Canines.

PMID- 19976170
TI  - An Important Sign in the Diagnosis of Fracture of the Jaw.

PMID- 19976169
TI  - "Dermoid Teeth," or Teeth developed in Teratomata.

PMID- 19976171
TI  - The Complete Eruption into Place of a Devitalized Tooth.

PMID- 19976172
TI  - An Unusual Case of Fracture of a Tooth.

PMID- 19976173
TI  - A Case of Acute Infective Periostitis.

PMID- 19976174
TI  - Extraction of Teeth from a Newly Born Child.

PMID- 19976175
TI  - Arrested Eruption of the Teeth associated with Arrested Development of the
      Mandible.

PMID- 19976176
TI  - A Simple Apparatus for Prevention of Laceration of the Tongue during Sleep by
      Spasmodic Closing of the Jaws.

PMID- 19976178
TI  - Some Pathological Conditions found in the Teeth and Jaws of Maori Skulls in New
      Zealand.

PMID- 19976177
TI  - A Few Notes on Porcelain Work.

PMID- 19976179
TI  - Local Anaesthesia, with Special Reference to Injection Methods.

PMID- 19976180
TI  - The Nerve Supply of the Dentine.

PMID- 19976181
TI  - Apparent Symmetrical Bifurcation of the Roots of Upper Temporary Central
      Incisors.

PMID- 19976182
TI  - The Brittleness of Teeth removed from Cases of Periodontal Disease.

PMID- 19976183
TI  - A Crowned Tooth with a Perforated Root.

PMID- 19976184
TI  - The Treatment of Periodontal Disease.

PMID- 19976185
TI  - The Presence of Blood-vessels in the Enamel Organ of the Kangaroo.

PMID- 19976186
TI  - Two Cases of Hypoplasia of Enamel.

PMID- 19976187
TI  - Radiographs of a Case of Advanced Periodontal Disease.

PMID- 19976188
TI  - Demonstration of some Pathological Conditions of the Mouth.

PMID- 19976189
TI  - Some Notes on the Dates of Eruption in 4,850 Children, aged under 12.

PMID- 19976190
TI  - Presidential Address: Modern Developments in Aural Surgery and the Present
      Position of Otology in the Medical Curriculum.

PMID- 19976191
TI  - A Specimen of Malformation of the Bony External Semicircular Canal, with
      Photograph.

PMID- 19976192
TI  - A Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19976193
TI  - Holmes's Electric Nasopharyngoscope.

PMID- 19976194
TI  - An Electric Auriscope.

PMID- 19976196
TI  - Wax-plate Model of a Portion of the Labyrinth and the Inner Tympanic Wall in a
      Case of Post-suppurative Otitis Media.

PMID- 19976195
TI  - Fluctuating Swelling over Tip of Mastoid and Parotid Region on Right Side in a
      Case of Chronic Mastoid Disease.

PMID- 19976197
TI  - Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19976198
TI  - Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19976199
TI  - Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19976201
TI  - Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19976200
TI  - Absolute Unilateral Deafness in Children.

PMID- 19976202
TI  - Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19976204
TI  - The Semicircular Canals and the Sense of Position, or Orientation.

PMID- 19976203
TI  - Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19976206
TI  - Notes of a Case of Deafness caused by Excessive Tea-drinking.

PMID- 19976205
TI  - The Voice-raising Test with Barany's Noise Machine.

PMID- 19976207
TI  - Raynaud's Disease, with Vascular Disturbances in the Labyrinth.

PMID- 19976209
TI  - Demonstration of a Method of Studying Degeneration in Nerve-fibres by means of
      the Hot Stage.

PMID- 19976208
TI  - The Value of Radiography in the Detection of Mastoid Disease.

PMID- 19976210
TI  - Sarcoma of the External Ear.

PMID- 19976211
TI  - A Note upon the Treatment of Cholesteatoma.

PMID- 19976212
TI  - The Cerebrospinal Fluid as an Aid to Diagnosis in Suppurative Meningitis of
      Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19976213
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19976214
TI  - Hysterical Deafness Diagnosed (and Cured) by the Caloric Vestibular Test.

PMID- 19976215
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19976216
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19976217
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19976218
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19976220
TI  - Meatal Exostosis, and Patient after Removal.

PMID- 19976219
TI  - A Case in which the Cure of Constipation induced the Disappearance of Aural
      Vertigo (Meniere's Syndrome).

PMID- 19976222
TI  - Notes of a Case of Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess and Meningitis following Middle-ear
      Suppuration.

PMID- 19976221
TI  - Case of Former Chronic Suppuration with Epileptiform Attacks.

PMID- 19976223
TI  - Note of a Case of Epithelioma of the External Ear.

PMID- 19976224
TI  - Carcinoma of Middle Ear.

PMID- 19976225
TI  - Patient Four Years after Operation for Carcinoma of the External Meatus and
      Tympanum.

PMID- 19976226
TI  - Carcinoma of Middle Ear; Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19976227
TI  - A Rare Form of the Diploetic Type of Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19976228
TI  - Residua of Suppurative Otitis; frequent Epileptiform Attacks which ceased after
      Ossiculectomy; Labyrinthine Tests.

PMID- 19976229
TI  - Case in which a Cholesteatoma "performed" the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19976230
TI  - Mastoid Cyst after Operation.

PMID- 19976231
TI  - Exostosis of the Promontory.

PMID- 19976232
TI  - Patent Eustachian Tube after Mastoidectomy in a Girl.

PMID- 19976233
TI  - Malignant Tumour of the Nasopharynx associated with Deafness, Neuralgia, and
      Weakness of the Levator Palati.

PMID- 19976234
TI  - Three Cases of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.

PMID- 19976235
TI  - Notes of a Case of Brain Tumour (?) associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis
      Media.

PMID- 19976236
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess: Address Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19976238
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess: Discussion (With Exhibition of Cases).

PMID- 19976237
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976239
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976241
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976240
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976242
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976243
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976244
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976245
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976246
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976247
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976248
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976249
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976250
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976251
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976252
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess following Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media; Operation;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19976253
TI  - A Discussion on the Factors which conduce to Success in the Treatment of Otogenic
      Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19976254
TI  - Severe Labyrinthine Vertigo (Meniere's Disease?); Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19976255
TI  - Suppurative Labyrinthitis, complicated with Suppurative Basal Meningitis;
      Operation, Translabyrinthine Drainage; Death.

PMID- 19976256
TI  - Three Cases of Operation on the Labyrinth for Vertigo (Non-suppurative).

PMID- 19976257
TI  - Labyrinthine Vertigo (Meniere's Symptoms-Non-infective) treated by Operation.

PMID- 19976258
TI  - Notes of a very severe Case of Streptococcal Infection of both Ears, &c.

PMID- 19976259
TI  - Thrombosis of the Right Lateral and of the Longitudinal Sinus.

PMID- 19976260
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis.

PMID- 19976261
TI  - Peri-sinus Abscess and (?) Lateral Sinus Thrombosis.

PMID- 19976262
TI  - Operation for Extreme Deafness and Tinnitus due to Chronic Adhesive Catarrh of
      the Middle Ear (Tympanoplasty).

PMID- 19976263
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess following Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media; Operation;
      Death.

PMID- 19976265
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Temporal Bone in a Boy, aged 7(1/2).

PMID- 19976264
TI  - Yankauer's New Speculum for the Direct Examination of the Nasopharynx and
      Eustachian Tube.

PMID- 19976266
TI  - Solid Symmetrical OEdema of both Auricles in a Woman, aged 36; Twelve Months'
      Duration.

PMID- 19976267
TI  - Result of Perichondritis of Auricle in a Boy, aged 17.

PMID- 19976268
TI  - A Discussion on the Value and Significance of Hearing Tests: Addresses
      Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19976270
TI  - Induced Division of Leucocytes and the Genesis of Tumours.

PMID- 19976269
TI  - Carcinoma of the Uterus in a Rabbit.

PMID- 19976272
TI  - A Large Intra-abdominal Haematoma formed in an Accessory Spleen.

PMID- 19976271
TI  - Arterio- and Phlebo-myomatosis.

PMID- 19976273
TI  - Two Cases of Amaurotic Idiocy, or Tay-Sachs Disease.

PMID- 19976274
TI  - An Unusual Organism (Micrococcus zymogenes) in a Case of Malignant Endocarditis.

PMID- 19976275
TI  - The Relation of Salvarsan Fever to other Forms of Injection Fever.

PMID- 19976276
TI  - Diffuse Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19976278
TI  - Multiple Mycotic Aneurysms of the Branches of the Pulmonary Artery within the
      Lung.

PMID- 19976277
TI  - Multiple Embolic Aneurysms of Pulmonary Arteries following Thrombosis of Veins of
      Leg; Death from Rupture of Aneurysm into Lung.

PMID- 19976279
TI  - The Incidence of Streptococci in Urine.

PMID- 19976280
TI  - A Comparison between the Division Figures induced in Lymphocytes by Auxetics with
      the Jelly Method and the Mitotic Figures seen in these and other Cells in
      Sections of Tissues by the Older Methods.

PMID- 19976281
TI  - A further Contribution to the Study of Rheumatism. The Experimental Production of
      Appendicitis by the Intravenous Inoculation of the Diplococcus.

PMID- 19976282
TI  - Ulcerative Endocarditis produced by the Pneumococcus in a Child, aged 3.

PMID- 19976283
TI  - An Improved Method for Opsonic Index Estimations, involving the Separation of Red
      and White Human Blood Corpuscles.

PMID- 19976284
TI  - The Bactericidal Action of Radium Emanation.

PMID- 19976285
TI  - On Certain Results of Drying Non-sporing Bacteria in a Charcoal Liquid Air
      Vacuum, &c.

PMID- 19976286
TI  - An Organism obtained from an Abscess in the Neck of a Bullock.

PMID- 19976287
TI  - The Muci-carmin Staining Method.

PMID- 19976288
TI  - Experiments made with a Sarcoma-producing Mouse Carcinoma to ascertain whether
      the Tumour, when killed by drying, will incite a Sarcomatous Growth in the Host
      on being introduced beneath the Skin.

PMID- 19976290
TI  - Sahli's Haemoglobinometer.

PMID- 19976289
TI  - The Auriculo-ventricular Bundle from a Case of Heart-block.

PMID- 19976291
TI  - An Attempt to differentiate the Diphtheroid Group of Organisms.

PMID- 19976293
TI  - Three Cases of Death under Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19976292
TI  - The Relation between the Fixation of Complement and the Formation of a
      Precipitate.

PMID- 19976295
TI  - Notes on a Troublesome Dental Case.

PMID- 19976294
TI  - Notes of a Case in which the Administration of Ether by the Open Method was
      followed by Acute Bronchitis and (?) Pleuritic Effusion.

PMID- 19976296
TI  - The Systematic Use of a Mouth-prop and Tongue-clip in General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19976298
TI  - Proposal to make Methylated Chloroform Official.

PMID- 19976297
TI  - Crawford Williamson Long (1815-1879): the Pioneer of Anaesthesia and the first to
      suggest and employ Ether Inhalation during Surgical Operations.

PMID- 19976299
TI  - An Experimental Study of the After-effects of Chloroform.

PMID- 19976300
TI  - The Significance of Acetonuria in Childhood.

PMID- 19976301
TI  - Microscopical Specimens of Kidney and Liver from Cases of Post-chloroform
      Poisoning.

PMID- 19976303
TI  - Notes of a Case of (?) Post-anaesthetic Poisoning.

PMID- 19976302
TI  - Chloroform Toxaemia in a Child to whom Fat was Noxious.

PMID- 19976304
TI  - Ether Infusion Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19976306
TI  - Plague in Manchuria.

PMID- 19976305
TI  - Hedonal Infusion Anaesthesia; a Report on Seventy-five Cases.

PMID- 19976308
TI  - The Relation of Housing to the Isolation of Scarlet Fever and to Return Cases.

PMID- 19976307
TI  - Presentation of the Jenner Medal.

PMID- 19976309
TI  - The Bed Isolation of Cases of Infectious Disease.

PMID- 19976311
TI  - Hypersensitiveness.

PMID- 19976310
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Rundle's Paper: "The Bed Isolation of Cases of Infectious
      Disease".

PMID- 19976312
TI  - Small-pox in London, 1885 to 1935.

PMID- 19976313
TI  - Certain AEtiological Considerations arising from Observations of the Behaviour of
      Poliomyelitis in Devon and Cornwall, 1911.

PMID- 19976314
TI  - Acute Poliomyelitis. An Analysis of Sixty-two Cases occurring in and around
      Edinburgh in the Epidemic of 1910.

PMID- 19976315
TI  - Diarrhoea in 1911.

PMID- 19976316
TI  - Case resembling General Paralysis of the Insane.

PMID- 19976317
TI  - Intra-uterine Fracture of Tibia and Fibula, with Absorption of Bone.

PMID- 19976318
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Tuberculous Joint Disease in Children:
      Discussion.

PMID- 19976319
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Tuberculous Joint Disease in Children.

PMID- 19976320
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Tuberculous Joint Disease in Children.

PMID- 19976321
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Tuberculous Joint Disease in Children.

PMID- 19976322
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Tuberculous Joint Disease in Children.

PMID- 19976323
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Tuberculous Joint Disease in Children.

PMID- 19976324
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Tuberculous Joint Disease in Children.

PMID- 19976325
TI  - Gigantism of Forepart of Foot.

PMID- 19976326
TI  - Cases illustrating the Late Results of Muscle Transplantation for the Relief of
      Talipes Valgus (Paralytic).

PMID- 19976327
TI  - Cerebellar Tumour.

PMID- 19976328
TI  - Two Brothers with Haemophilia.

PMID- 19976329
TI  - Deformity of the Chest.

PMID- 19976330
TI  - Hemiplegia-Right Side.

PMID- 19976331
TI  - Hemiplegia-Right Side.

PMID- 19976332
TI  - Hemiplegia-Left Side.

PMID- 19976333
TI  - Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis without Cyanosis.

PMID- 19976334
TI  - Double Third Nerve Palsy due to Acute Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19976335
TI  - Lymphatism in a Boy.

PMID- 19976336
TI  - Specimen of Tuberculous Tumour of the Dura Mater in a Child, aged 14 Months.

PMID- 19976337
TI  - Shortening of the Left Femur.

PMID- 19976338
TI  - The Radical Cure of Inguinal Hernia in Children.

PMID- 19976339
TI  - Recurrent Unilateral OEdema.

PMID- 19976341
TI  - Paralysis of the Muscles of the Neck (? Poliomyelitis).

PMID- 19976340
TI  - Athetoid Movements.

PMID- 19976342
TI  - Hysterical Vomiting and Achylia.

PMID- 19976344
TI  - Anomalous Jaundice, with Enlargement of Liver and Spleen, and Bile-stained Teeth.

PMID- 19976343
TI  - Green Teeth, subsequent to a Prolonged Jaundice in the First Weeks of Life.

PMID- 19976345
TI  - Transposition of Viscera in a Girl, aged 12 Years.

PMID- 19976346
TI  - Unusual Cardiac Bruit.

PMID- 19976347
TI  - Arthritis of the Shoulder and Hip (? Tuberculous).

PMID- 19976348
TI  - Proliferative Osteo-arthritis of the Hip in a Youth.

PMID- 19976349
TI  - Leucodermia and Premature Canities.

PMID- 19976350
TI  - Diphtheria of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19976351
TI  - Purulent Pericarditis.

PMID- 19976352
TI  - Chronic Jaundice and Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19976354
TI  - Cerebral Palsy.

PMID- 19976353
TI  - Bilateral Deltoid Paralysis.

PMID- 19976355
TI  - Subacute Arthritis of Shoulder-joint (due to an Organism of the Bacillus
      enteritidis Type).

PMID- 19976356
TI  - Congenital Deformities in the Lower Limb.

PMID- 19976357
TI  - Congenital Dyschezia.

PMID- 19976358
TI  - Bony Growth on the Skull.

PMID- 19976359
TI  - Exostosis of the Inner End of the Clavicle.

PMID- 19976360
TI  - Pathlogical Specimen of Tumour on the Back.

PMID- 19976361
TI  - Destruction of the Uvula in Vincent's Angina.

PMID- 19976362
TI  - Morbus Cordis.

PMID- 19976364
TI  - Gumma of the Lung.

PMID- 19976363
TI  - Rachitic Dwarf.

PMID- 19976365
TI  - Mucous Gastritis in Infancy.

PMID- 19976366
TI  - Aneurysm of the Descending Branch of the Right Coronary Artery, situated in the
      Wall of the Right Ventricle, and opening into the Cavity of the Ventricle,
      associated with great Dilatation of the Right Coronary Artery and Non-valvular
      Infective Endocarditis.

PMID- 19976367
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis (Cor Biatriatum Triloculare).

PMID- 19976368
TI  - Night-blindness with peculiar Conjunctival Changes in Children.

PMID- 19976369
TI  - Infantilism.

PMID- 19976370
TI  - Infantilism.

PMID- 19976371
TI  - Chronic Interstitial Nephritis with Infantilism.

PMID- 19976372
TI  - Intracranial Tumour.

PMID- 19976373
TI  - Congenital Absence of Patellae and Deformity of the Nails in a Mother and Three
      Children.

PMID- 19976374
TI  - Psoriasis and Flexion of the Terminal Phalanx of the Thumb.

PMID- 19976375
TI  - Hereditary Syphilitic Infant treated by Intravenous Injection of "606.".

PMID- 19976376
TI  - Congenital Word Deafness and other Defects.

PMID- 19976377
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19976378
TI  - Cerebral Aplasia with Hydrocephalus (Pathological Specimen).

PMID- 19976379
TI  - Extreme Rickets and Infantilism.

PMID- 19976380
TI  - Purpura in Infective Diarrhoea.

PMID- 19976381
TI  - Congenital Flexion of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints of the Fingers.

PMID- 19976382
TI  - Sclerodermia with Myositis Fibrosa.

PMID- 19976383
TI  - (I) Indications for Surgical Interference, with remarks as to the After-results.

PMID- 19976384
TI  - Sclerema.

PMID- 19976385
TI  - (II) The Results obtainable without Operation.

PMID- 19976386
TI  - (III) The Role of Vaccine Therapy.

PMID- 19976387
TI  - Two Cases of Partial Subluxation of Knee-joints, with Voluntary Production of
      Noise during Flexion and Extension.

PMID- 19976388
TI  - Caries of Frontal Bone and Intracranial Abscess due to Bacillus typhosus Eleven
      Years after Attack of Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19976389
TI  - Retrograde Enteric Intussusception.

PMID- 19976390
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976391
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976392
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976394
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976393
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976395
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976396
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976397
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976398
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976399
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976400
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976401
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976403
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976402
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976404
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976405
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976406
TI  - Pancreatic Calculus: Stone removed by Operation.

PMID- 19976408
TI  - Intestinal Obstruction following an Operation for Ovariotomy performed Forty-five
      Years previously.

PMID- 19976407
TI  - Multiple Tumours of the Large Intestine.

PMID- 19976409
TI  - Hydrocephalus Internus; Rupture into the Subdural Space; Intracranial Tension and
      its Temporary Relief.

PMID- 19976411
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm: An Address Introductory to a
      Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19976410
TI  - Multiple Fibromata of the Tunica Vaginalis.

PMID- 19976412
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm: Discussion.

PMID- 19976414
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm.

PMID- 19976413
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm.

PMID- 19976415
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm.

PMID- 19976416
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm.

PMID- 19976417
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm.

PMID- 19976419
TI  - Exhibition of Aneurysms.

PMID- 19976418
TI  - A Discussion on the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm.

PMID- 19976420
TI  - Cases of Intractable Constipation treated by Operation.

PMID- 19976421
TI  - Thrombosis of the Veins of the Colon causing Obstruction.

PMID- 19976422
TI  - Right Duodenal Hernia.

PMID- 19976423
TI  - The Radical Cure of Hernia in Infants and Young Children.

PMID- 19976424
TI  - The Treatment of Claw-foot.

PMID- 19976425
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation): An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19976426
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation): Discussion.

PMID- 19976427
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976428
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976429
TI  - Extraperitoneal Rupture of the Bladder without Fracture of the Pelvis.

PMID- 19976430
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976432
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976431
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976433
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976434
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976435
TI  - A Discussion on the Operative Cure of Ascites due to Liver Cirrhosis (Talma
      Morison Operation).

PMID- 19976436
TI  - A Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre: An Address Introductory to a Discussion on the
      Subject.

PMID- 19976437
TI  - A Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre: Discussion.

PMID- 19976438
TI  - A Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976440
TI  - A Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976439
TI  - A Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976441
TI  - A Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976442
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976443
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976445
TI  - Presidential Address: The Rationale of Acquired Tolerance to Drugs.

PMID- 19976444
TI  - Discussion on Partial Thyroidectomy under Local Anaesthesia, with Special
      Reference to Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976446
TI  - Laburnum Poisoning and Cytisine.

PMID- 19976447
TI  - A Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976448
TI  - Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976449
TI  - Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976450
TI  - Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976451
TI  - Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976453
TI  - Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976452
TI  - Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976454
TI  - Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976455
TI  - Ludwig's and other Theories of the Secretion of Urine and the Action of
      Diuretics.

PMID- 19976456
TI  - Certain Reactions of the Blood in Carcinoma (and other conditions), with
      Suggestions on Treatment.

PMID- 19976457
TI  - The Treatment of Opium Poisoning by the Faradic Current.

PMID- 19976459
TI  - The Action of Potato-tyrosinase on Adrenalin.

PMID- 19976458
TI  - The Influence of Ions upon the Action of Digitalis.

PMID- 19976460
TI  - The Action of the Digitalis Series in Heart Disease.

PMID- 19976462
TI  - The Causes and Treatment of High Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19976461
TI  - Urinary Antiseptics: An Experimental Investigation.

PMID- 19976463
TI  - A Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: An Address
      Introductory to a Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19976464
TI  - A Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976465
TI  - A Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976467
TI  - Presidential Address: Sepsis and Spa Treatment.

PMID- 19976466
TI  - A Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976468
TI  - The Place of Climatology in Medicine (The Samuel Hyde Memorial Lectures): Lecture
      I.

PMID- 19976470
TI  - Some Phenomena connected with the Passage of Electricity through Rocks and its
      Relation to Atmospheric Electricity.

PMID- 19976469
TI  - The Place of Climatology in Medicine (The Samuel Hyde Memorial Lectures): Lecture
      II: The Priniciple of Approximate Isolation of Influences.

PMID- 19976472
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976471
TI  - The Medical Treatment of Gall-stone Disease.

PMID- 19976473
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis: Rheumatic Affections of the Myocardium.

PMID- 19976474
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976475
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976476
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis : Daily Habits in Civilized Life as Factors in the
      Causation of Fibrositis; with Suggestions for its Prevention and Cure.

PMID- 19976477
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976478
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976480
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976479
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976481
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976482
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976483
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976484
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976485
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976486
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976487
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976488
TI  - A Discussion on Fibrositis.

PMID- 19976489
TI  - The Significance, Treatment, and Prognosis of High Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19976490
TI  - The Treatment of Confirmed Cases of High Blood-pressure; the Undesirability of
      actively applying Therapeutic Means to Reduce it.

PMID- 19976491
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19976492
TI  - Surgical Treatment.

PMID- 19976493
TI  - Some Points in the Surgery of Cervical Ribs.

PMID- 19976494
TI  - Giant Urticaria of Five Years' Duration.

PMID- 19976496
TI  - Some Points in the Symptomatology of Cervical Rib, with Especial Reference to
      Muscular Wasting.

PMID- 19976495
TI  - The Results of Operative Treatment.

PMID- 19976497
TI  - Multiple Calcification ("Calcinosis") in the Subcutaneous Tissue.

PMID- 19976498
TI  - Cervical Rib (Operation).

PMID- 19976499
TI  - Two Cases of Cervical Ribs (Operation).

PMID- 19976500
TI  - Bilateral Cervical Ribs; Operation upon the Left Side-Unsatisfactory Result.

PMID- 19976502
TI  - Bilateral Cervical Ribs; Symptoms on Right Side only; Operated on Twice-last
      Operation January, 1912.

PMID- 19976501
TI  - Cervical Rib (Operation).

PMID- 19976503
TI  - Removal of a Left Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19976504
TI  - Cervical Rib with Neuritic Symptoms; Operation with Successful Result.

PMID- 19976505
TI  - Cervical Rib with Muscular Atrophy and Sensory Disturbance successfully Operated
      on.

PMID- 19976506
TI  - Cervical Ribs; Improvement without Operation.

PMID- 19976507
TI  - Cervical Rib giving rise to Pronounced Vascular Symptoms; Operation; Cure.

PMID- 19976509
TI  - Bilateral Cervical Rib with Vascular Symptoms in the Right Upper Limb.

PMID- 19976508
TI  - Bilateral Cervical Rib with Vasomotor Symptoms successfully Treated by Operation.

PMID- 19976510
TI  - Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx after Laryngo-fissure; Case in which the Growth
      appears to have been completely removed by Endo-laryngeal Operation.

PMID- 19976512
TI  - Nephritis with Ascites, Bilateral Hydrothorax and General OEdema in Secondary
      Syphilis (Result).

PMID- 19976511
TI  - Two Cases to illustrate the Advantages of Lateral Rhinotomy (Moure's Operation)
      in dealing with Malignant Growths of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19976513
TI  - Intermittent Claudication of Lower Extremities from Quiescent Non-syphilitic
      Arteritis Obliterans.

PMID- 19976514
TI  - Thoracic Aneurysm in a Woman.

PMID- 19976515
TI  - Paralysis of the Serratus Magnus.

PMID- 19976516
TI  - Secondary Haemorrhages in the Retina in Secondary Anaemia.

PMID- 19976517
TI  - "Baggy" Subcutaneous Fat, simulating Symmetrical OEdema of the Legs. Disorder of
      Internal Secretions.

PMID- 19976518
TI  - Hypoplasia of the Right Limbs, of Cerebral Origin.

PMID- 19976519
TI  - Arthritis with Baker's Cysts.

PMID- 19976520
TI  - Progressive Muscular Atrophy associated with Primary Muscular Dystrophy in the
      Second Generation.

PMID- 19976521
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976523
TI  - Myelitis treated with Gymnastic Exercises.

PMID- 19976522
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis before and after Gymnastic Treatment.

PMID- 19976524
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976525
TI  - Bastedo's Sign; a New Symptom of Chronic Appendicitis.

PMID- 19976526
TI  - Ossification in the Brachialis Anticus.

PMID- 19976528
TI  - Recovery after Severe Electric Burns.

PMID- 19976527
TI  - Chronic Bone Disease.

PMID- 19976529
TI  - Myeloma of the Head of the Tibia Seven Years after Enucleation.

PMID- 19976530
TI  - Re-formation of Fibula after Complete Removal of Diaphysis for Acute Infective
      Periostitis.

PMID- 19976532
TI  - Ateleiosis in a Man, aged 45.

PMID- 19976531
TI  - Re-formation of Tibia after Resection of Diaphysis for Chronic Osteo-myelitis.?
      Syphilitic.

PMID- 19976534
TI  - Ateliosis in a Woman, aged 20, with a Slight Congenital Malformation of the Hands
      and Feet.

PMID- 19976533
TI  - Case of a Boy, aged 7, showing (a) Double-jointedness, (b) Dermatolysis ("Elastic
      Skin") with great Friability of the Skin and Excessive Tendency to Bruising, and
      (c) Multiple Subcutaneous Tumours on the Limbs (? Fibromata,? Neuromata).

PMID- 19976535
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophy of the Breast.

PMID- 19976536
TI  - Congenital Cyst in Parotid Region.

PMID- 19976537
TI  - Chronic Hydrarthrosis.

PMID- 19976538
TI  - Cystic Tumour in Submaxillary Region.

PMID- 19976539
TI  - Swelling of the Lower Extremity following Bassini's Operation.

PMID- 19976540
TI  - Ulcerative Colitis, terminating Fatally.

PMID- 19976541
TI  - Old Quiescent Zoniform Sclerodermia of the Right Lower Extremity.

PMID- 19976542
TI  - Intermittent Claudication of the Right Lower Extremity in a Young Man whose
      Business has been to Work a Treadle Machine.

PMID- 19976543
TI  - Purpura Haemorrhagica, a Fulminating Case; Gelatine Treatment.

PMID- 19976544
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Gymnastic Treatment.

PMID- 19976545
TI  - Functional Aphasia.

PMID- 19976546
TI  - Complete Heart Block.

PMID- 19976548
TI  - Renal Calculi in both Kidneys.

PMID- 19976547
TI  - Case illustrating the Prognosis of Extrasystoles.

PMID- 19976550
TI  - Congenital Lipoma of the Sole of the Foot with Hypertrophy of the Second and
      Third Toes.

PMID- 19976549
TI  - Congenital Hypertrophy of the Right Leg-Scoliosis.

PMID- 19976551
TI  - Arsenic Cancer, with Description of a Case.

PMID- 19976552
TI  - Thyro-glossal Fistula.

PMID- 19976553
TI  - Abdomino-perineal Excision of the Rectum; Transverse Colostomy.

PMID- 19976555
TI  - Bilateral Congenital Displacement of the Upper Ends of the Radius and Ulna.

PMID- 19976554
TI  - Abdomino-perineal Excision of the Rectum; Transverse Colostomy done under Spinal
      Analgesia and Chloroform.

PMID- 19976556
TI  - Cavernous Angeioma of the Scar of an old Laparotomy in the Site of the Fixation
      of a Myomectomy Stump.

PMID- 19976557
TI  - Torticollis following "Mumps" and associated with Bilateral Cervical Ribs.

PMID- 19976558
TI  - Oblique Fracture of Femur into the Knee-joint, and of both Tibiae and Fibulae;
      Arthrotomy and Union of Condyles of Femur by Screws.

PMID- 19976559
TI  - Apparatus devised for Exerting Extension on the Fragments in Cases of Fractures
      in the Length of the Tibia.

PMID- 19976560
TI  - Case in which a Serous Cyst was evacuated from the Ramus of the Mandible.

PMID- 19976561
TI  - Carcinoma of Intestine; Resection and End-to-end Anastomosis.

PMID- 19976562
TI  - Traumatic Myositis Ossificans.

PMID- 19976563
TI  - Case of Tremor.? Nature.

PMID- 19976564
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19976566
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice (Haemolytic Anaemia).

PMID- 19976565
TI  - Advanced Carcinoma of Epiglottis, with Involvement of Glands, treated by
      Operation without Laryngectomy; Operation in November, 1910; no Recurrence.

PMID- 19976567
TI  - Resection of Caecum, Appendix, Ileocaecal Valve, and 10 in. of Ileum for Chronic
      Appendicitis.

PMID- 19976569
TI  - Resection of Caecum, Ileocaecal Valve, Appendix, and 10 in. of Ileum for
      Obstruction following an Entero-anastomosis; subsequent Ventral Hernia cured by
      Filigree Inplantation.

PMID- 19976568
TI  - Resection of Caecum, Ileocaecal Valve, and 5 in. of Ileum for Sarcoma;
      Anastomosis by Murphy's Button; Button retained for Four Years.

PMID- 19976570
TI  - Gastro-enterostomy for Haematemesis followed by Ileus and Faecal Vomiting;
      Caecostomy; subsequent Ventral Hernia; Cure by Implantation of 6-in. Filigree.

PMID- 19976572
TI  - Congenital Syphilitic Disease of the Knee-joint.

PMID- 19976571
TI  - Celluloid Splints in the Treatment of Acute Poliomyelitis, illustrated by Two
      Cases.

PMID- 19976574
TI  - Tuberculous Peritonitis.

PMID- 19976573
TI  - Chronic Circumscribed Inflammation of the Corpora Cavernosa.

PMID- 19976575
TI  - Sclerema Cutis (Adultorum).

PMID- 19976576
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19976577
TI  - Obstruction of the Superior Vena Cava.

PMID- 19976579
TI  - Arteriovenous Anastomosis for Gangrene due to Syphilitic Endarteritis.

PMID- 19976578
TI  - Two Cases of Prostatic Calculi.

PMID- 19976580
TI  - Family Cerebellar Ataxia in Two Half-sisters.

PMID- 19976581
TI  - Bilateral Cervical Ribs with Unilateral (Right-sided) Atrophy of Hand Muscles.

PMID- 19976582
TI  - Cervical Ribs with Atrophy of Hand Muscles.

PMID- 19976583
TI  - Sarcoma of Foot.

PMID- 19976584
TI  - Subcutaneous Drainage for Ascites.

PMID- 19976585
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19976586
TI  - Organic Hemiplegia following Typhoid Fever, in which the Plantar Reflex is
      Flexor, but Babinski's "Second Sign"-Combined Movement of the Trunk and Pelvis-is
      Present.

PMID- 19976587
TI  - Pneumonotomy for Foreign Body.

PMID- 19976588
TI  - Diphtheritic Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19976589
TI  - Unusual Rashes in Two Brothers.

PMID- 19976590
TI  - Non-syphilitic Arteritis Obliterans ("Thrombo-angeitis" of Leo Buerger) with
      Intermittent Claudication of the Left Lower Extremity.

PMID- 19976591
TI  - Chronic Acholuric Jaundice, with Anaemia, slight Splenomegaly, and Nervous
      Disorder.

PMID- 19976593
TI  - Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis before and after Gymnastic Treatment.

PMID- 19976592
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice after Splenectomy.

PMID- 19976595
TI  - Nephrectomy for Hydronephrosis Thirteen Years after Nephrolithotomy.

PMID- 19976594
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Liver in a Syphilitic Subject.

PMID- 19976596
TI  - Removal of nearly Half a Kidney for Partial Hydronephrosis Sixteen Years after
      Nephrolithotomy.

PMID- 19976598
TI  - Case illustrating Circulatory Disturbance with Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19976597
TI  - Abscess in the Left Lobe of the Liver Ten Years after an Abscess in the Right
      Lobe.

PMID- 19976599
TI  - Polio-encephalo-myelitis associated with Optic Neuritis, Nephritis, and
      Myocarditis.

PMID- 19976600
TI  - Bilateral Atrophy of the Face.

PMID- 19976601
TI  - The Anatomy of Cervical Ribs.

PMID- 19976602
TI  - Three Cases of Subcutaneous "Sarcoid" (or Hypodermic Tuberculide) of Darier and
      Roussy.

PMID- 19976603
TI  - Chronic Raynaud's Symptoms, probably on a Syphilitic Basis, associated with
      Livedo reticulata; Remarks on Livedo reticulata (Livedo annularis, Livedo
      figurata, or Cutis marmorata).

PMID- 19976604
TI  - Framboesiform Syphilide of Palms.

PMID- 19976605
TI  - Dermatitis following Large Dose of Arsenic.

PMID- 19976606
TI  - Three Cases of Tinea Tonsurans cured by X-rays.

PMID- 19976607
TI  - Multiple Lupus.

PMID- 19976608
TI  - Microscopical Specimens from Cases of Rhinoscleroma.

PMID- 19976609
TI  - Artificial Skin Eruption.

PMID- 19976610
TI  - Hidradenomes Eruptifs (Syringoma).

PMID- 19976611
TI  - Localized Sclerodermia (Morphoea).

PMID- 19976612
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19976613
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976615
TI  - Favus of the Erythemato-squamous Type.

PMID- 19976614
TI  - Folliclis in a Woman, aged 23.

PMID- 19976617
TI  - Unusual Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19976616
TI  - Alopecia Areata and Tinea Tonsurans.

PMID- 19976618
TI  - Neurotic Excoriations.

PMID- 19976619
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19976620
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19976621
TI  - Multiple Telangiectases.

PMID- 19976622
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous Abscesses in a Young Girl.

PMID- 19976623
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976625
TI  - Erythematous Lesions of the Hands in a Case of Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19976624
TI  - Persistent Erythematous Eruption.

PMID- 19976626
TI  - Rodent Ulcer treated with Arsenic Paste.

PMID- 19976627
TI  - Fully-grown Culture of Achorion Quinckeanum.

PMID- 19976628
TI  - Congenital Hyperkeratosis of the Hands and Feet.

PMID- 19976629
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976630
TI  - Demonstrations on the Subject of Malignant and Doubtfully Malignant Tumours of
      the Skin.

PMID- 19976631
TI  - Multiple "Cold" Subcutaneous Abscesses in a Female Infant, aged 11 Months.

PMID- 19976632
TI  - Demonstrations on the Subject of Malignant and Doubtfully Malignant Tumours of
      the Skin.

PMID- 19976633
TI  - Demonstrations on the Subject of Malignant and Doubtfully Malignant Tumours of
      the Skin.

PMID- 19976634
TI  - Demonstrations on the Subject of Malignant and Doubtfully Malignant Tumours of
      the Skin.

PMID- 19976635
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976636
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976637
TI  - Congenital Hyperkeratosis of the Hands and Feet, &c.

PMID- 19976638
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19976639
TI  - A Peculiar Case of Lymphangioma Circumscriptum in a Girl, aged 6.

PMID- 19976641
TI  - Case of Recurrent Nodular Eruption of the Hands and Face for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976640
TI  - Pigmented Naevi-like Freckles in a Girl, aged 16.

PMID- 19976643
TI  - Necrosis of the Terminal Phalanges of the Left Hand.

PMID- 19976642
TI  - Naevus Unius Lateris and Unusual Effects of Solid CO(2) (Dermatitis Repens).

PMID- 19976644
TI  - Multiple Lupus Vulgaris following Measles in a Girl, aged 5.

PMID- 19976645
TI  - Psoriasis and Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19976646
TI  - Neuroma Plexiforme.

PMID- 19976647
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976648
TI  - Lymphangioma Circumscriptum.

PMID- 19976649
TI  - Lichen Planus of the Tongue and Lips.

PMID- 19976650
TI  - Case of (?) Syphilide.

PMID- 19976651
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976653
TI  - Lichen Planus of the Palms.

PMID- 19976652
TI  - Erythema Induratum giving no Evidence of Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976654
TI  - Two Cases illustrating the Relation of Heart Disease to Skin Lesions.

PMID- 19976655
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus with Lupus Vulgaris (or (?) Lupus Pernio).

PMID- 19976656
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976657
TI  - Case of (?) Tuberculous Infection of Tattoo Marks.

PMID- 19976658
TI  - Five Cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19976659
TI  - Pigmented Tropical Skin, with Multiple Epitheliomata of the Rodent Type, also
      with Barcoo Rot, in a Man, aged 53.

PMID- 19976661
TI  - Further Report on a Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976660
TI  - Pigmented Tropical Skin with Multiple Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19976662
TI  - Acne Varioliformis.

PMID- 19976664
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19976663
TI  - Acute Lichen Planus treated by Lumbar Puncture.

PMID- 19976666
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19976665
TI  - Case for Diagnosis-Parapsoriasis.

PMID- 19976667
TI  - Multiple Lupus Vulgaris treated with CO(2) Snow and Zinc Ionization.

PMID- 19976669
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19976668
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19976670
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976672
TI  - Further Researches on Trichomycosis Flava Rubra et Nigra of the Axillary Regions.

PMID- 19976671
TI  - Acne urticata (Neurotic Excoriations-One Type).

PMID- 19976674
TI  - Report on the Mite causing the Copra Itch.

PMID- 19976673
TI  - Note on Copra Itch.

PMID- 19976675
TI  - Note on the AEtiology of some Tropical Dermatomycoses (Tinea cruris, Tinea flava
      et nigra, Tinea imbricata).

PMID- 19976677
TI  - Generalized Macular Pigmentation of Trunk and Extremities.

PMID- 19976676
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976679
TI  - Erythema Multiforme of Unusual Type.

PMID- 19976678
TI  - (?) Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19976680
TI  - Epitheliomatous Growth on the Foot.

PMID- 19976682
TI  - Extensive Case of Infective Angioma (Hutchinson).

PMID- 19976681
TI  - So-called "Acne Agminata of Crocker.".

PMID- 19976683
TI  - Case illustrating a Sequel to Alopecia Areata.

PMID- 19976684
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Nipple.

PMID- 19976685
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976686
TI  - A Discussion on Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19976687
TI  - Cases of Inherited Alopecia.

PMID- 19976688
TI  - Chancre of the Lower Lip in a Woman, aged 26.

PMID- 19976689
TI  - Two Cases of Dermatitis Papillaris Capillitii (Kaposi), or Acne Keloid.

PMID- 19976690
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976691
TI  - Sporotrichosis of the Disseminated, Ulcerating, Gumma Type, in which there
      occurred Acute Synovitis.

PMID- 19976692
TI  - An Unusual Form of Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19976693
TI  - An Angio-keratomatous Family.

PMID- 19976694
TI  - Seventh and Eighth Nerve Paralysis after Neo-salvarsan Injection.

PMID- 19976695
TI  - Case of Onychogryphosis.

PMID- 19976697
TI  - OEdema Neonatorum.

PMID- 19976696
TI  - The Life-cycle of the Organism of Syphilis.

PMID- 19976698
TI  - Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19976699
TI  - Erythema Induratum with Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976700
TI  - Granuloma Inguinale Tropicum.

PMID- 19976701
TI  - Erythema Iris (? due to Potassium Iodide).

PMID- 19976702
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976703
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19976705
TI  - Urticaria Bullosa in an Infant.

PMID- 19976704
TI  - Hypertrophic Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19976706
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976707
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous Nodules.

PMID- 19976708
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976710
TI  - Presidential Address: Arthritis.

PMID- 19976709
TI  - Circumscribed Symmetrical Dermatitis, "Parapsoriasis en Plaques disseminees"
      (Brocq).

PMID- 19976711
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976712
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976713
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976714
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976715
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976716
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976717
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976718
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976719
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976720
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976721
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976722
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976723
TI  - Gastric Ulcer.

PMID- 19976724
TI  - The AEtiology of Gastric Ulcer.

PMID- 19976725
TI  - Recurrent Carcinoma.

PMID- 19976726
TI  - Case showing Favourable Results of Treatment of Suppurating Tuberculous Glands by
      X-rays.

PMID- 19976727
TI  - Cases of Exophthalmic Goitre treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19976728
TI  - Treatment of Exophthalmic Goitre by X-rays.

PMID- 19976729
TI  - Demonstration of "Duralumin.".

PMID- 19976730
TI  - A New Apparatus.

PMID- 19976731
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976732
TI  - Arborescent Burning by Lightning.

PMID- 19976733
TI  - Electrical Accidents from the Clinical and Forensic Standpoint.

PMID- 19976734
TI  - Paralysis of the Trapezius from Injury of Spinal Accessory Nerve, and Recovery.

PMID- 19976735
TI  - Recurrent Carcinoma of the Breast treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19976736
TI  - The Treatment of Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19976737
TI  - The Use of Condenser Discharges in Electrical Testing.

PMID- 19976739
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976738
TI  - Secondary X-rays from Animal Tissues.

PMID- 19976740
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: The
      X-Ray Evidences of Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Young Children.

PMID- 19976741
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: X
      Rays in the Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976742
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976744
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976743
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976745
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976746
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976747
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976749
TI  - General Survey.

PMID- 19976748
TI  - A Discussion on the Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976750
TI  - The Bacteriology of the Alimentary Canal.

PMID- 19976752
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976751
TI  - The Consequences and Treatment of Alimentary Toxaemia from an Odontological Point
      of View.

PMID- 19976753
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976754
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976755
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976756
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976757
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976758
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976760
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976759
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976761
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976762
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976763
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976765
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976764
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976766
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976767
TI  - The Toxins of the Alimentary Canal.

PMID- 19976768
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976769
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976770
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976771
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976772
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976773
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976774
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976775
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976776
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976777
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976778
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976779
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976780
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976781
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976782
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976784
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976783
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976785
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976786
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976787
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976789
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976788
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976790
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976791
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976792
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976793
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976794
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976795
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976797
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976796
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976798
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976799
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976800
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976801
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976802
TI  - The Consequences and Treatment of Alimentary Toxaemia from a Medical Point of
      View.

PMID- 19976803
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment.

PMID- 19976804
TI  - A Discussion on Alimentary Toxaemia; its Sources, Consequences, and Treatment:
      Summary and Reply.

PMID- 19976805
TI  - The Consequences and Treatment of Alimentary Toxaemia from a Surgical Point of
      View.

PMID- 19976806
TI  - Mikulicz's Disease.

PMID- 19976807
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Tonsils and Cervical Lymphatic Glands.

PMID- 19976808
TI  - Laryngectomy subsequent to Tracheotomy for Epithelioma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19976809
TI  - Cystic Distension of the Lachrymal Sac; Operation on Nasal Duct in the Nose
      (West's Operation).

PMID- 19976810
TI  - Brain, with large Pituitary Tumour, from Patient who died from Haemorrhage after
      Partial Removal of Floor of Sella Turcica.

PMID- 19976811
TI  - Pituitary Growth.

PMID- 19976812
TI  - Specimen of Cerebral Tumour which involved Pituitary Fossa; Microscopical
      Section.

PMID- 19976813
TI  - Extensive Granuloma of the Larynx in a probable Case of Early Phthisis.

PMID- 19976814
TI  - A Cartilage of the Septum Nasi removed by Operation and showing a Circular
      Defect.

PMID- 19976815
TI  - A Simple Tonsillotome.

PMID- 19976816
TI  - A Post-mortem Specimen of Laryngeal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976817
TI  - Amputation of the Epiglottis for Tuberculous Ulceration.

PMID- 19976818
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Infiltration for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976819
TI  - Suppurating Mucocele of Frontal Sinus in a Boy, aged 12.

PMID- 19976820
TI  - Congenital Tumour of the Septum, probably Glioma.

PMID- 19976821
TI  - Sarcoma of the Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19976822
TI  - Tumour in the Left Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19976823
TI  - Lupus of the Nose.

PMID- 19976824
TI  - Congenital Syphilis with Intranasal Lesions.

PMID- 19976826
TI  - Cyst of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19976825
TI  - Post-diphtheritic Adhesions of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19976827
TI  - Microscopical Section of Pedunculated Growth of Nose.

PMID- 19976829
TI  - Epithelioma of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19976828
TI  - A Man, aged 27, with Paralysis of the Right Vocal Cord and of the Right Half of
      the Palate (the Facial, Auditory, Glosso-pharyngeal, and Accessory Portion of the
      Vagus involved).

PMID- 19976830
TI  - Haemorrhage into the Right Vocal Cord, the Result of an Accident at Football.

PMID- 19976831
TI  - Steel Shawl-pin removed from one of the Hyparterial Branches of the Right
      Bronchus, where it had been Lodged for Ten Days.

PMID- 19976833
TI  - An Instrument for Expediting the Examination of Embedded Tonsils.

PMID- 19976834
TI  - Cast of the Epithelial Lining of the OEsophagus, from a Case of CHCl(3)
      Poisoning.

PMID- 19976836
TI  - Cyst of Arytaeno-epiglottidean Fold which has Burst Spontaneously.

PMID- 19976835
TI  - Sarcoma of the Right Tonsil.

PMID- 19976837
TI  - Cyst on Epiglottis, with Symptoms suggestive of OEsophageal Stricture.

PMID- 19976838
TI  - Post-diphtheritic Adhesions of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19976839
TI  - Double Adductor Spasm, caused by Vocal Overstrain (?).

PMID- 19976840
TI  - Tumour and Microscopic Section from a Case of Papilloma of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19976841
TI  - An Unusual Case of Laryngeal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19976842
TI  - Old Specific Laryngitis.

PMID- 19976843
TI  - Carcinoma of Left Vocal Cord; Operation; Arrest.

PMID- 19976844
TI  - Double Abductor Paresis and Stricture of Deep Pharynx and Upper End of
      OEsophagus, after accidentally Swallowing Glacial Acetic Acid in October, 1912.

PMID- 19976846
TI  - Skiagram of Aneurysm of the Arch and Descending Aorta of which Physical
      Examination of the Chest gave no Indication.

PMID- 19976845
TI  - Nearly Complete Paralysis of Left Vocal Cord of Unexplained AEtiology.

PMID- 19976847
TI  - Left Recurrent Laryngeal Paralysis following Acute Endocarditis and Pericarditis.

PMID- 19976849
TI  - Right Recurrent Laryngeal Paralysis.

PMID- 19976848
TI  - Notes of a Case of Left Recurrent Laryngeal Paralysis, probably due to Dilatation
      of the Left Auricle.

PMID- 19976851
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976850
TI  - Left Recurrent Laryngeal Paralysis.

PMID- 19976852
TI  - Tonsils and Cervical Glands removed Post Mortem from a Man, aged 47.

PMID- 19976853
TI  - Specimen showing (?) Ulceration of the Left Internal Carotid Artery from a Boy,
      aged 1 Year 8 Months.

PMID- 19976854
TI  - Cartilaginous and Fibrous Growth removed from a Girl, aged 18.

PMID- 19976855
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976856
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976857
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976858
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx in a Man, aged 28.

PMID- 19976859
TI  - Two Cases of Radical Frontal Sinus Operation (Killian).

PMID- 19976860
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976862
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976861
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976863
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976864
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976865
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976867
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976866
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Unilateral Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976868
TI  - Case illustrating the kindly Effect of Time in obliterating the Scars of
      Extensive Incisions for Operation on the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19976869
TI  - Adult Male with (?) Early Malignant Disease of Lower Pharynx and Upper End of
      Gullet.

PMID- 19976870
TI  - Symmetrical Swellings on Anterior Aspect of Arytaenoids just above the Vocal
      Processes.

PMID- 19976871
TI  - Osteoma of the Nose in a Woman, aged 31.

PMID- 19976872
TI  - Chart and Brief Notes of a Case of Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis following Left
      Tonsillitis in a Boy, aged 10; Fatal Termination in Eighteen Days.

PMID- 19976873
TI  - Unilateral Paralysis of Left Cord, Tongue and Palate, in a Man, aged 49.? Cause.

PMID- 19976874
TI  - Perforating Ulcer of the Palate in a Man, aged 63.

PMID- 19976875
TI  - Lupus of the Gums and Pharynx in a Man, aged 40.

PMID- 19976876
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Disease presenting Atypical Features.

PMID- 19976877
TI  - Double Paralysis of the Superior Laryngeal Nerves in a Man, aged 25, in the
      Course of Disseminated Sclerosis from Lead Poisoning.

PMID- 19976878
TI  - Tonsil Forceps for holding the Tonsil during Excision or Enucleation.

PMID- 19976879
TI  - Sinusitis Exulcerans of the Frontal Sinus; Operative Trauma of the Dura;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19976880
TI  - Death after Tonsillotomy.

PMID- 19976881
TI  - Goitre with Severe Pressure Symptoms.? Malignant.

PMID- 19976883
TI  - A Specimen of a Large Polyp growing from the Tonsil.

PMID- 19976882
TI  - Endothelioma of the Soft Palate in a Girl, aged 17.

PMID- 19976884
TI  - Malignant Disease of Left Sphenoidal Region; Proptosis with Blindness of Eye on
      same Side; Enlarged Cervical Glands on both Sides.

PMID- 19976885
TI  - An Unusual Condition of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19976886
TI  - Malignant Disease of the OEsophagus; Complete Paralysis of the Left Recurrent
      Nerve.

PMID- 19976887
TI  - Ulcer of the Pharynx.

PMID- 19976888
TI  - Brain with Large Pituitary Tumour in situ.

PMID- 19976889
TI  - Recent Laryngeal Perichondritis with Stenosis.

PMID- 19976890
TI  - Ulceration of Hard Palate on Right Side and Mass under the Tongue on Left Side.

PMID- 19976891
TI  - Tumour of Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19976892
TI  - Fibroma of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19976893
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis and Ulceration of Larynx, causing Laryngeal Obstruction,
      treated by Neo-salvarsan.

PMID- 19976894
TI  - Marked Infiltration of Ary-epiglottic Fold and Ventricular Region of Right Side
      of Larynx, together with Partial Fixation of Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19976895
TI  - Faucial Mucous Tubercles, Hunterian Sore on the Back of the Neck.

PMID- 19976896
TI  - Enlarged Tonsils. (?) Lympho-sarcoma or Lymphadenoma.

PMID- 19976897
TI  - Skiagram showing a Butcher's Wire Skewer in the Right Secondary Bronchus of a
      Girl, aged 8.

PMID- 19976898
TI  - Skiagram showing a Penny Coin impacted in the OEsophagus of a Woman, aged 25.

PMID- 19976899
TI  - Sluder's Guillotine.

PMID- 19976900
TI  - Case of Pansinusitis.

PMID- 19976901
TI  - Infiltration of Uvula, Epiglottis and Arytaenoids.

PMID- 19976902
TI  - Atrophic Rhinitis, showing several unusual Features.

PMID- 19976903
TI  - A Belated Sequel to a Successful Operation.

PMID- 19976905
TI  - Very Large Tonsil in an Elderly Patient reduced almost to Complete Disappearance
      by Galvano-puncture.

PMID- 19976904
TI  - Specimen of Large Fibroma removed from Patient some Seven Years ago.

PMID- 19976906
TI  - Ulcerating Growth of Left Vocal Cord, probably Epithelioma.

PMID- 19976907
TI  - Extensive Syphilitic Necrosis of Bones in Relation to the Nasal Cavities.

PMID- 19976908
TI  - Branchial Fistula.

PMID- 19976910
TI  - Aberrant Thyroid Tumour from the Base of the Tongue.

PMID- 19976909
TI  - Fibroma from the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19976911
TI  - Healed Lupus of the Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19976912
TI  - Kuhn's Per-oral Intubation Apparatus.

PMID- 19976913
TI  - Meningocele in the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19976914
TI  - A Small Swelling in the Post-nasal Space.

PMID- 19976915
TI  - The Fin of a Haddock extracted from the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19976916
TI  - A Chicken Bone 1(1/4) in. long removed from the Upper Part of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19976918
TI  - Bullet Injury to the Larynx.

PMID- 19976917
TI  - Telescopic OEsophageal Tube with the Outer Tube Straight-ended and the Inner Tube
      Beaked.

PMID- 19976920
TI  - Paresis of the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in a Woman, aged 35.

PMID- 19976919
TI  - Hyperostosis Cranii.

PMID- 19976921
TI  - Papilloma of the Nose in a Man, aged 40.

PMID- 19976922
TI  - A Spicule of Rabbit Bone, (3/4) in. in Length, removed by Upper Bronchoscopy from
      the Trachea of a Boy, aged 5.

PMID- 19976923
TI  - Photographs, untouched Prints, of a Young Woman after the Exhibitor's Double
      Radical Frontal Sinus Operation.

PMID- 19976924
TI  - Sarcoma of the Upper Jaw-Resection of the Left Superior Maxilla and Treatment of
      Recurrent Growth by Radium.

PMID- 19976925
TI  - Sarcoma of the Right Superior Maxilla; Removal of Jaw and subsequent Applications
      of Radium for Recurrence.

PMID- 19976926
TI  - Small Round-celled Sarcoma; Partial Removal and subsequent Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19976927
TI  - The Tonsillectome-a New Type of Guillotine or Tonsillotome specially designed for
      the Enucleation of Tonsils.

PMID- 19976928
TI  - Tumour of the Right Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19976929
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of the Pharynx with Involvement of the Larynx.

PMID- 19976931
TI  - Tumour of Region of the Left Palate.

PMID- 19976930
TI  - Post-nasal Tumour.

PMID- 19976932
TI  - Swelling and Ulceration of Subglottic Region of the Left Side of the Larynx.

PMID- 19976933
TI  - Swelling of the Larynx.

PMID- 19976934
TI  - Temperature Chart from an Obscure Case of Streptococcal Infection of the Throat.

PMID- 19976935
TI  - Tuberculous Ulcer on the Right Vocal Cord in an Elderly Man cured by the
      Application of the Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19976937
TI  - Cyst of the Pituitary Fossa; Operation by the Nasal Route.

PMID- 19976936
TI  - Granular Congestion of Left Vocal Cord, probably Specific in Origin.

PMID- 19976938
TI  - Two Cases of Laryngeal Palsy due to Nuclear Lesions of the Vagus.

PMID- 19976939
TI  - Congenital Membrane of the Larynx.

PMID- 19976940
TI  - Case exhibiting Lingual Gymnastics.

PMID- 19976941
TI  - Multiple Papillomata of the Larynx.

PMID- 19976942
TI  - Photographs of a Patient suffering from a Chondro-sarcoma, originating in the
      Left Nasal Cavity.

PMID- 19976944
TI  - Unusual Form of Syphilitic Laryngitis.

PMID- 19976943
TI  - Tumour of the Left Antrum.

PMID- 19976945
TI  - Dysphagia presenting Unusual Features rapidly remedied by Treatment.

PMID- 19976947
TI  - Treatment of Sarcoma of the Neck (secondary to Tonsil) by Seleniol Injections.

PMID- 19976946
TI  - Tuberculosis of Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19976948
TI  - Laryngeal Tumour treated with Seleniol.

PMID- 19976950
TI  - Syphilitic Laryngeal Stenosis with Calcification of the Fascia of the Neck.

PMID- 19976949
TI  - Pedunculated Growth of Nose.

PMID- 19976951
TI  - Two Cases of Bilateral OEdema of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19976952
TI  - Webbing of the Vocal Cords in the Anterior Commissure due to a Shot Wound.

PMID- 19976953
TI  - Adhesion of Uvula and Soft Palate to Posterior Pharyngeal Wall in a Girl, aged
      12.

PMID- 19976955
TI  - Sluder's Guillotines.

PMID- 19976954
TI  - Combined Tonsillotome-Tonsillectome.

PMID- 19976956
TI  - Swelling in the Right Upper Jaw in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19976957
TI  - Serrated Adenoid Curette.

PMID- 19976958
TI  - Lupus of the Tongue.

PMID- 19976960
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19976959
TI  - Rodent Ulcer of Orbit.

PMID- 19976962
TI  - Chronic Pemphigus.

PMID- 19976961
TI  - Denker's Operation for Maxillary Antrum Suppuration.

PMID- 19976963
TI  - Exhibition of Specimens from a Case of Suppuration of the Antrum due to
      Aspergillus fumigatus, with a short Note of the Case.

PMID- 19976965
TI  - Ulceration of Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19976964
TI  - Specimens of Artemia salina from the Nose (a New Form of Sea Serpent).

PMID- 19976966
TI  - Larynx removed (Post Mortem) from a Man who had worn a Tracheotomy Tube for
      Eighteen Years.

PMID- 19976968
TI  - Piece of Broken Tracheotomy Tube removed from the Right Bronchus.

PMID- 19976967
TI  - Killian's Apparatus for Suspension Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19976969
TI  - Papilloma of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19976970
TI  - Aneurysm of the Aorta which ruptured into the Right Auricle, giving rise to
      Recurrent Pleural Effusion, with some Remarks on Aneurysms of the Aorta
      communicating with Adjacent Vessels.

PMID- 19976971
TI  - A Fatal Case of Widespread Ulceration limited to the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19976972
TI  - Treatment of Ambulant Cases of Pulmonary Phthisis by T.R. and B.E. in the Out
      patient Room.

PMID- 19976973
TI  - Cases of Chyliform Effusion.

PMID- 19976974
TI  - Chylous and Pseudo-chylous Ascites.

PMID- 19976976
TI  - Some Observations upon the Results of Four Years' Work at King Edward VII
      Sanatorium.

PMID- 19976975
TI  - Four Cases of Auricular Tachycardia.

PMID- 19976977
TI  - The Occurrence of Acute Pneumonia during Treatment with Arsenic.

PMID- 19976978
TI  - Some Cases of Polycythaemia.

PMID- 19976979
TI  - The Prognostic Significance of Secondary Polycythaemia in Cardio-pulmonary Cases.

PMID- 19976980
TI  - Gout and Chronic Rheumatism: Their AEtiology from the Bacteriological Standpoint,
      and some Notes on Treatment.

PMID- 19976982
TI  - Cerebral Symptoms in a Bulldog associated with Lymphocytic Infiltration of the
      Vessels and Membrane of the Brain and Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19976981
TI  - Presidential Address: Some Observations on the Growth and Survival-period of
      Intracranial Tumours, based on the Records of 500 Cases, with Special Reference
      to the Pathology of the Gliomata.

PMID- 19976984
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19976983
TI  - The Clinical History and Morbid Anatomy of a Case of Generalized Sclerodermia
      with Severe Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19976985
TI  - Rapid Wasting of Muscles of Hands and Arms. (?) Cause.

PMID- 19976986
TI  - Primary Progressive Myopathy; Facio-scapulo-humeral (Landouzy-Dejerine) Type;
      Advanced Stage.

PMID- 19976987
TI  - (?) Atrophic Myotonus.

PMID- 19976988
TI  - Progressive Double Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19976989
TI  - Friedreich's Ataxia in an Undersized Girl, aged 10.

PMID- 19976990
TI  - ? Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19976991
TI  - ? Peroneal Atrophy.

PMID- 19976992
TI  - Congenital Cerebellar Ataxy.

PMID- 19976993
TI  - Nystagmoid Movements of Palate and Lids, Lateral and Rotatory Nystagmus,
      Cerebellar Incoordination.

PMID- 19976995
TI  - Family Myoclonus.

PMID- 19976994
TI  - Tetanus; Chloretone Poisoning; Recovery; followed by Polyneuritis.

PMID- 19976996
TI  - An Obscure Case of Athetosis, with Abolition of Tendon Reflexes.

PMID- 19976997
TI  - Post-encephalitic Diplegia with Involuntary Movements.

PMID- 19976998
TI  - Atrophy of Distal Muscles in all Four Extremities.?Cause.

PMID- 19977000
TI  - Two Members of a Family in which Visual Defects and Loss of Knee-jerk have
      occurred during Three Generations.

PMID- 19976999
TI  - Unilateral Tremor resembling that of Paralysis Agitans in a Child.

PMID- 19977001
TI  - ? Unilateral Friedreich's Disease.

PMID- 19977002
TI  - Spinal Tumour and Scoliosis; Recovery after Operation.

PMID- 19977003
TI  - Partial Third Nerve Paralysis with Rhythmic Movements of the Pupil.

PMID- 19977005
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19977004
TI  - Jacksonian Attacks.

PMID- 19977006
TI  - Tremor of uncertain Origin.

PMID- 19977008
TI  - Two Sisters presenting a similar Right-sided Hemiparesis and Stunting of Growth
      dating from Birth.

PMID- 19977007
TI  - Trophic Changes of Obscure Origin.

PMID- 19977009
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: Slowly on-coming Cerebellar Ataxia, with Facies resembling
      that of Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19977011
TI  - Shoulder-joint Lesions in Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19977010
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Cerebellar Ataxy presenting Typical Symptoms of Disseminated
      Sclerosis in an Undersized Boy, aged 13.

PMID- 19977012
TI  - Jacksonian Epilepsy.

PMID- 19977013
TI  - Athetosis of Left Hand with Tremor of Right Hand.

PMID- 19977014
TI  - Muscular Atrophy of Left Upper Limb.

PMID- 19977015
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19977016
TI  - Paralysis of Right Lower and Middle Trapezius.

PMID- 19977017
TI  - Gumma Cerebri: Results of Treatment. Some Histological Features.

PMID- 19977018
TI  - Notes of Three Cases.

PMID- 19977019
TI  - Pituitary Tumour with Symptoms of Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis.

PMID- 19977020
TI  - The Structure and Functions of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977021
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977022
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977023
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977024
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977025
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977026
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977027
TI  - A Pituitary Tumour with Early Acromegaly.

PMID- 19977028
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977029
TI  - Discussion on Disease of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977031
TI  - Pituitary Disease.

PMID- 19977030
TI  - Two Cases of Bitemporal Hemianopsia, with other Evidence of Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19977032
TI  - Precocious Development in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19977034
TI  - Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19977033
TI  - Pituitary and (?) Adrenal Syndrome.

PMID- 19977035
TI  - A Typical Case of Acromegaly, with Signs of Regression.

PMID- 19977037
TI  - Pituitary Tumour (Lorain Type); Small Adult Body with Retarded Sexual
      Development, but no Adiposity; Failure of Function of Anterior Lobe.

PMID- 19977036
TI  - Pituitary Tumour; Symptoms of Failure of Posterior Lobe Function.

PMID- 19977038
TI  - Case of Acromegaly.

PMID- 19977039
TI  - Acromegaly: Pituitary Tumour showing the Failure of the Fields for Colour before
      the Failure of the White Field.

PMID- 19977040
TI  - Cerebellar Ataxia with Symptoms of a (? preceding) Hypophyseal Lesion.

PMID- 19977041
TI  - Hypopituitarism-Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis.

PMID- 19977042
TI  - Hyper-activity of Anterior Lobe combined with Deficient Action of Posterior Lobe.

PMID- 19977043
TI  - The Structure and Functions of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19977044
TI  - Hydatid Mole: a Test of its Relative Size.

PMID- 19977045
TI  - Endocervical Cancer with Distension of the Corpus Uteri and Extensive Thinning of
      its Walls.

PMID- 19977046
TI  - Uterine Mole showing Low Implantation of the Ovum (Placenta Praevia).

PMID- 19977047
TI  - Foreign Bodies removed from the Peritoneal Cavity.

PMID- 19977048
TI  - Portion of Bone Knitting Needle, used to procure Abortion, removed by Operation
      from Abdominal Cavity; Development of a Pelvic Abscess, Faecal Fistula, Septic
      Pyelonephritis, and General Septic Infection, with ultimate Recovery.

PMID- 19977050
TI  - Adenomyoma in the Recto-uterine and Recto-vaginal Septa.

PMID- 19977049
TI  - Demonstration of Lighting of Operating Theatres.

PMID- 19977051
TI  - An Early Case of Sarcoma Uteri.

PMID- 19977052
TI  - Fibromyoma of the Uterus presenting Unusual Characters.

PMID- 19977053
TI  - Diffuse Ovarian Fibroma with Central Cyst.

PMID- 19977054
TI  - A Note on the Relative Frequency of Ovarian Tumours and Cysts based on the
      Analysis of 400 Ovariotomies.

PMID- 19977055
TI  - Tumour of Doubtful Nature removed from the Groin.

PMID- 19977056
TI  - Red Degeneration of Uterine Fibromyomata.

PMID- 19977057
TI  - The Cause of Internal Rotation of the Foetal Head.

PMID- 19977059
TI  - The Technique of Ventrifixation of the Uterus and Allied Operations.

PMID- 19977058
TI  - The Indications for the Operation, with an Analysis of Seventy-seven Cases.

PMID- 19977060
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977061
TI  - Vaginal Adenomatous Polypus following Removal of Uterus and Appendages.

PMID- 19977062
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977064
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977063
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977065
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977066
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977067
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977069
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977068
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977070
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977072
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977071
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977074
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977073
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977075
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977077
TI  - Two Cases of Fibromyoma of the Uterus undergoing Sarcomatous Degeneration.

PMID- 19977076
TI  - The After-results of Operations for Uterine Displacements.

PMID- 19977078
TI  - Chorionepithelioma following Hydatidiform Mole and giving rise to Intraperitoneal
      Haemorrhage from an Extension in the Right Mesosalpinx.

PMID- 19977079
TI  - A Primary Ovarian Pregnancy at the Fourth Month.

PMID- 19977080
TI  - Perforation of the Fundus Uteri-Post Abortum.

PMID- 19977082
TI  - Extensive Rupture of the Utero-vaginal Junction with escape of the Placenta into
      the Peritoneal Cavity.

PMID- 19977081
TI  - A Large Pancreatic Cyst simulating an Ovarian Tumour.

PMID- 19977083
TI  - The Arrangement and Distribution of the Nerves in certain Mammalian Ovaries.

PMID- 19977084
TI  - Chorionepithelioma of the Fallopian Tube, following Extra-uterine Gestation.

PMID- 19977085
TI  - Solid Tumour of Ovary and Broad Ligament Cyst.

PMID- 19977086
TI  - A Special Vaginal Clamp for use in Radical Hysterectomies (Wertheim).

PMID- 19977087
TI  - Bacterial Infection of the Foetal Membranes from a Case of Hydrorrhoea
      Gravidarum.

PMID- 19977088
TI  - An Unusual Case of Rupture of the Uterus.

PMID- 19977089
TI  - Cyst of Ovary filled with Rounded Balls.

PMID- 19977090
TI  - Puerperal Venous Thrombosis after a Normal Labour, associated with Pyrexia,
      continuing for Five Months.

PMID- 19977091
TI  - Two Cases of Solid Pedunculated Papilloma of Ovary.

PMID- 19977092
TI  - The Intra-abdominal Pressure in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19977093
TI  - Haematocolpos, with Remarks on the Structure of the Vaginal Wall.

PMID- 19977094
TI  - Calcified Ovarian Fibroma obstructing Labour.

PMID- 19977095
TI  - Suggestions for the Technique and Performance by a New Method of Wertheim's
      Abdominal Panhysterectomy.

PMID- 19977096
TI  - Tubo-ovarian Cyst with Intracystic Carcinomatous Growth.

PMID- 19977097
TI  - Valedictory Presidential Address.

PMID- 19977098
TI  - Puerperal Eclampsia treated by Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19977099
TI  - Simultaneous Intra-uterine and Extra-uterine Pregnancy, with probable "Internal
      Wandering" of the Ovum.

PMID- 19977100
TI  - A Small Ovarian Teratoma containing Brain and Well-formed Intestine.

PMID- 19977101
TI  - Urgent Caesarean Section for Prolapse of the Cord in a Case of Contracted Pelvis.

PMID- 19977102
TI  - A Short Paper on Le Fort's Operation (with an account of Eight Cases).

PMID- 19977103
TI  - Definition of Stillbirth.

PMID- 19977104
TI  - Tubal Gestation: Rupture of a Gravid Tube into a Broad Ligament Cyst.

PMID- 19977106
TI  - Tubal Haematoma.

PMID- 19977105
TI  - Rupture of a Haemorrhagic Corpus Luteum into a Broad Ligament Cyst.

PMID- 19977107
TI  - The Contraction Ring as a Cause of Dystocia, with a Description of a Specimen
      removed by Hysterectomy during Labour.

PMID- 19977108
TI  - Hydrocephalus complicated by Eclampsia, Fibroids, and a Contraction Ring.

PMID- 19977109
TI  - Gelatinous Glandular Cysts of the Ovary, and the so-called Pseudomyxoma of the
      Peritoneum.

PMID- 19977110
TI  - Intra-uterine Nodule of Embryonic Origin resembling Osteochondroma.

PMID- 19977111
TI  - Enormous Renal Cyst.

PMID- 19977112
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19977113
TI  - Problems relating to the Teeth of the Earlier Forms of Prehistoric Man.

PMID- 19977114
TI  - Bread in its Relation to Dental Caries: (Abstract).

PMID- 19977115
TI  - Discussion on Mr. W. W. James's paper on "The Cure of Mouth-breathing".

PMID- 19977116
TI  - Specimen of Supernumerary Tooth.

PMID- 19977117
TI  - An Odontome of the Premaxilla.

PMID- 19977118
TI  - An Extreme Example (Unilateral) of the Antral Cavity extending between the Molar
      Roots.

PMID- 19977120
TI  - The Structure of the Dental Pulp in Ovarian Teratomata.

PMID- 19977119
TI  - Fusion of Maxillary Molars.

PMID- 19977122
TI  - Model showing Large Maxillary Incisors.

PMID- 19977121
TI  - President's Valedictory Address.

PMID- 19977123
TI  - Some Recent Additions to the Odontological Collection of the Royal College of
      Surgeons Museum.

PMID- 19977124
TI  - A Short Supplementary Note on the Nerves of the Dentine.

PMID- 19977125
TI  - Orthodontics in Modern Practice.

PMID- 19977126
TI  - Discussion on Orthodontics in Modern Practice.

PMID- 19977127
TI  - Hypertrophy of the Gums in a Child, aged 6.

PMID- 19977128
TI  - Fibroma of Maxilla.

PMID- 19977130
TI  - Restoration after Surgical Operations.

PMID- 19977129
TI  - A Case of Odontome.

PMID- 19977132
TI  - Misplaced Mandibular Canine.

PMID- 19977131
TI  - Report of the Honorary Curator.

PMID- 19977133
TI  - The Preparation of the Mouth before Operation.

PMID- 19977135
TI  - James Gordon of Bristol; An Echo from the Past.

PMID- 19977134
TI  - An Improved Anaesthetic Facepiece.

PMID- 19977136
TI  - Food and the Teeth.

PMID- 19977137
TI  - A Misplaced Mandibular Premolar.

PMID- 19977138
TI  - The Cure of Mouth-breathing.

PMID- 19977139
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis; Serous Meningitis; Recovery.

PMID- 19977140
TI  - Narrowing after Radical Mastoid Operation treated by means of Hartmann's Punch
      Forceps.

PMID- 19977141
TI  - Chronic Attic Suppuration treated by Operation with Retention of Ossicles and
      Remains of Membrane.

PMID- 19977142
TI  - Chronic Suppuration of the Middle Ear, rebellious to Transmeatal Treatment until
      Supplemented by Tubal Injections of Chloride of Zinc.

PMID- 19977143
TI  - Drawing and Description of a Double Skin-flap in the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19977144
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess following Mastoid Disease and Aural Polypus.

PMID- 19977145
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen of a Radical Mastoid Operation performed Six Months before
      Death.

PMID- 19977146
TI  - A Simplified Apparatus for Inflating with Heated Air.

PMID- 19977147
TI  - Capillary Angeioma of the Right Membrana Tympani.

PMID- 19977148
TI  - A Horsebean removed from the Middle Ear during a Radical Mastoid Operation for
      prolonged Otorrhoea in a Boy, aged 9; with two Sequestra, containing the Outer
      Wall or the Canal of the Facial Nerve.

PMID- 19977149
TI  - Non-infective Meningitis Five Months after Cerebral Abscess.

PMID- 19977150
TI  - Two Cases of Vertigo in which the Blood-pressure was very Low and Reactionary
      Vertigo was Excessive after Rotation.

PMID- 19977151
TI  - Aberrant Carotids.

PMID- 19977152
TI  - A Method of making a Periosteo-meatal Flap in the Radical and Modified Radical
      Mastoid Operations.

PMID- 19977153
TI  - Thrombosis of Jugular Bulb; Ligation; Empyema; Recovery.

PMID- 19977154
TI  - Injury to Internal Carotid Artery in Curetting Tympanic Part of Eustachian Tube.

PMID- 19977156
TI  - Labyrinthine Vertigo, (?) Auditory Tumour; Woman, aged 33.

PMID- 19977155
TI  - Cerebellar Hernia following Cerebellar Abscess in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19977157
TI  - Malignant Polypus of the Ear.

PMID- 19977158
TI  - Acute Middle-ear Suppuration; (?) Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis; Recovery.

PMID- 19977159
TI  - Lens for Use in Mastoid Operations.

PMID- 19977160
TI  - Two Cases of Operation for Chronic Adhesive Catarrh of the Middle Ear
      (Tympanoplasty).

PMID- 19977161
TI  - Chronic Diffuse Labyrinthitis in a Man, aged 58. Horizontal Canal drained by a
      Strand of Silkworm Gut inserted into the Canal and Buried Extradurally.

PMID- 19977162
TI  - Epithelioma of the Meatus.

PMID- 19977163
TI  - Rubber Nozzle for Syringing Backwards and Clearing out the Cul-de-sac formed by
      the Radical Post-aural Operation.

PMID- 19977164
TI  - Osteoma of the Mastoid.

PMID- 19977165
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Meningitis of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19977167
TI  - Carcinoma of the External Ear.

PMID- 19977166
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Middle Ear-Invasion of Mastoid Area and Parotid Gland.

PMID- 19977168
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Meningitis of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19977169
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Meningitis of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19977170
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Meningitis of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19977171
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Meningitis of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19977172
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Meningitis of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19977173
TI  - An Examination of both Temporal Bones from 120 Individuals, made with the view of
      deciding the Question of Symmetry.

PMID- 19977174
TI  - Epithelioma of Auricle and External Auditory Canal.

PMID- 19977175
TI  - Bilateral Attic Disease.

PMID- 19977177
TI  - A Periosteal Lining Flap in the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19977176
TI  - Osteoma of the Mastoid.

PMID- 19977178
TI  - Otitic Abscess of the Pterygoid Region drained through the External Auditory
      Meatus; Recovery.

PMID- 19977179
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Epithelioma of the Left Auricle.

PMID- 19977180
TI  - Progressive Bilateral Deafness following Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19977181
TI  - Epidiascopic Demonstration of X-ray Negatives of Normal and Pathological Temporal
      Bones.

PMID- 19977182
TI  - Sudden Deafness following Scald to Membrana Tympani by Steam.

PMID- 19977183
TI  - Deafness in a Case of Myxoedema.

PMID- 19977184
TI  - Epithelioma of Middle Ear invading the Middle and Posterior Fossae of the Skull
      in a Man, aged 56.

PMID- 19977185
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977186
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977188
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977187
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977189
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977190
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977191
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977192
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977193
TI  - Discussion on Functional and Simulated Affections of the Auditory Apparatus.

PMID- 19977194
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen of Unilateral Deformity of the Auricle, Meatus, and Middle
      Ear.

PMID- 19977195
TI  - Unilateral Deformity of the Ear with Obliterated Meatus in a Child, aged 8;
      Internal Ear Normal.

PMID- 19977196
TI  - Epithelioma of the Helix in a Man, aged 70.

PMID- 19977197
TI  - Left Otorrhoea and Right Temporal Sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19977198
TI  - Occlusion of the Meatus and Middle Ear by Bone following Operation for Acute
      Mastoiditis and Extradural Abscess.

PMID- 19977199
TI  - Persistent Paroxysmal Cough apparently due to Irritation of Chorda Tympani Nerve
      by a Spicule of Steel which penetrated the Tympanum.

PMID- 19977200
TI  - Congenital Prominent Auricles treated by Operation.

PMID- 19977201
TI  - Photographs of a Case of Congenital Prominent Auricles improved by Operation.

PMID- 19977202
TI  - Thrombo-phlebitis of the Mastoid Emissary Vein.

PMID- 19977204
TI  - Phlebitis without Thrombosis of the Sigmoid Sinus.

PMID- 19977203
TI  - Congenital Syphilitic Deafness treated by Neo-salvarsan.

PMID- 19977205
TI  - Acute Suppuration of the Middle Ear with Postero-superior Bulging, treated by
      means of Hartmann's Punch Forceps; Rapid Subsidence.

PMID- 19977206
TI  - The Microscopic Structure of Urate Calculi: De structura penitiori calculorum ex
      salibus uraticis constantium.

PMID- 19977207
TI  - A New Method for the Differentiation of certain of the Streptococci.

PMID- 19977208
TI  - Occlusion of the Inferior Vena Cava, as a result of Internal Trauma (Dissecting
      Varix?).

PMID- 19977209
TI  - An Account of a Bacillus of an Unusual Kind isolated from a Case of Septicaemia.

PMID- 19977210
TI  - A New Spirochaeta found in Human Blood.

PMID- 19977212
TI  - Remarks on Further Experiments concerning the Origin of Life.

PMID- 19977211
TI  - Thyroid Action and Reaction, with Special Reference to the Formation of Thyroid
      Tumours.

PMID- 19977213
TI  - Some Points concerning the Vaccine Treatment of Gonorrhoea and the Regulation
      thereof by the Complement-fixation Test.

PMID- 19977214
TI  - Further Studies in Experimental Fever.

PMID- 19977215
TI  - The Complete Life-history of the Organism of Syphilis.

PMID- 19977216
TI  - A Preliminary Communication on the Pathogenicity and Virulence of Bacteria.

PMID- 19977217
TI  - Death during Hedonal Infusion Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19977218
TI  - Apparatus for the Intratracheal Insufflation of Ether.

PMID- 19977220
TI  - Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen in Major Surgery.

PMID- 19977219
TI  - Notes on the Administration of Anaesthetics in America, with Special Reference to
      the Practice at the Mayo Clinic.

PMID- 19977221
TI  - Demonstration of a Modified and Simplified Apparatus for administering Gas and
      Oxygen without Ether.

PMID- 19977223
TI  - A Brief Eulogy of Joseph Thomas Clover.

PMID- 19977222
TI  - Demonstration of Elsberg's Apparatus.

PMID- 19977224
TI  - Technique in General Anaesthesia for Intranasal Operations.

PMID- 19977226
TI  - Scopolamine-Morphine-Atropine as an Adjunct in Inhalation Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19977225
TI  - Scopolamine-Morphine-Atropine as a General Anaesthetic.

PMID- 19977227
TI  - Demonstration of New Apparatus for the Intratracheal Insufflation of Ether.

PMID- 19977228
TI  - Presidential Address: The Influence of Migration upon the Phthisis Death-rate.

PMID- 19977229
TI  - The Title and Objects of the Section.

PMID- 19977230
TI  - Measles.

PMID- 19977231
TI  - A Note on an Epidemic of Measles at Rotuma, 1911.

PMID- 19977232
TI  - The House as a Contributory Factor in the Death-rate.

PMID- 19977233
TI  - A Note on Sleeping Sickness in Principe Island and Angola, West Coast of Africa.

PMID- 19977234
TI  - The Diphtheria Bacillus and Scarlatinal Infection.

PMID- 19977235
TI  - Anthrax in the Woollen Industry, with Special Reference to Bradford.

PMID- 19977236
TI  - The Influence of Parental and Grandparental Age at Birth of Offspring on their
      Susceptibility to the Zymotic Diseases.

PMID- 19977237
TI  - Some Recent Theories of Tuberculosis and their possible Significance.

PMID- 19977238
TI  - The Behaviour of Diphtheria in Schools.

PMID- 19977239
TI  - President's Opening Remarks.

PMID- 19977241
TI  - Old English Herbals, 1525-1640.

PMID- 19977240
TI  - Restrictions concerning Circumcision under the Romans.

PMID- 19977242
TI  - The Lady Sedley's Receipt Book, 1686, and other Seventeenth Century Receipt
      Books.

PMID- 19977243
TI  - Examples of Old Drug-pots.

PMID- 19977244
TI  - A Short Review of the History of Ancient Hindu Medicine.

PMID- 19977246
TI  - The Hospital and Chapel of Saint Mary Roncevall at Charing Cross.

PMID- 19977245
TI  - Notes on Early Portraits of John Banister, of William Harvey, and the Barber
      Surgeons' Visceral Lecture in 1581.

PMID- 19977247
TI  - A Down Survey Manuscript of William Petty.

PMID- 19977248
TI  - Further Notes on Thomas Dover.

PMID- 19977249
TI  - Formulae Medicamentorum Concinnatae.

PMID- 19977251
TI  - Plague Banners.

PMID- 19977250
TI  - John Avery (1807-1855).

PMID- 19977252
TI  - Some Oddities in Nomenclature.

PMID- 19977253
TI  - Portrait of Humphrie Lloyd.

PMID- 19977254
TI  - A Demonstration of some Eighteenth Century Obstetric Forceps.

PMID- 19977256
TI  - Medical Allusions in the Writings of Francis Bacon.

PMID- 19977255
TI  - Contributions from the History of Medicine to the Problem of the Transmission of
      Typhus.

PMID- 19977257
TI  - A New Egyptian Medical Papyrus.

PMID- 19977258
TI  - Sarcoma of the Choroid of Unusual Chronicity.

PMID- 19977260
TI  - A Subconjunctival Drain after Trephining.

PMID- 19977259
TI  - An Unusual Arrangement of Opaque Nerve-fibres.

PMID- 19977261
TI  - Pigmented Growth of Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19977262
TI  - An Uncommon Case of Cataract in a Child.

PMID- 19977263
TI  - Melanotic Growth of the Iris.

PMID- 19977264
TI  - Complete Detachment of the Retina followed by Iritis: Spontaneous Replacement
      Three Months later.

PMID- 19977265
TI  - On Multiple Vision with a Single Eye, technically known as Monocular Diplopia or
      Polyopia.

PMID- 19977266
TI  - Nystagmus on Covering One Eye.

PMID- 19977267
TI  - Cyst of Iris.

PMID- 19977268
TI  - Corneal Ulceration associated with the Presence of Spirilla and Fusiform Bacilli.

PMID- 19977270
TI  - Retino-choroiditis Juxta-papillaris.

PMID- 19977269
TI  - The Education of High Myopes.

PMID- 19977271
TI  - Glaucoma associated with Venous Congestion.

PMID- 19977272
TI  - Pemphigus of the Conjunctiva followed by Essential Shrinkage of that Membrane.

PMID- 19977273
TI  - Drawing of Semilunar Retinal Haemorrhages (so-called Subhyaloid Haemorrhages).

PMID- 19977274
TI  - Partial Oculomotor Paralysis, with Synchronous Clonic Contractions of Muscles
      supplied by the Third Cranial Nerve.

PMID- 19977275
TI  - ; Mooren's" Ulcer associated with Ulceration of the Sclerotic.

PMID- 19977276
TI  - Case showing a Modification of Herbert's Flap Operation for Chronic Glaucoma.

PMID- 19977277
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977278
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977279
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977280
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977281
TI  - Congenital Mesoblastic Strand adhering to, and apparently penetrating, the
      Cornea.

PMID- 19977282
TI  - Persistent Hyaloid Artery with Massive White Formation obscuring the Optic Disk.

PMID- 19977283
TI  - Disease in the Pituitary Region.

PMID- 19977284
TI  - Case showing the Result of Peritomy.

PMID- 19977285
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Deformity of Inner Canthus.

PMID- 19977286
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977288
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977287
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977289
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977290
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977291
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977292
TI  - Discussion on the Physiology of the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19977293
TI  - A Pedigree of Leber's Disease.

PMID- 19977294
TI  - Exenteration of the Orbit, with Partial Excision of the Maxilla and Ethmoid for
      Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19977296
TI  - Double Tubercular Iritis.

PMID- 19977295
TI  - Extreme Hyperphoria; Operation by the New Subconjunctival Reefing Method; Cure.

PMID- 19977297
TI  - Ocular Torticollis.

PMID- 19977298
TI  - Exudation of Retina with Dilated Vessels.

PMID- 19977299
TI  - Two Cases of Angioma of the Retina.

PMID- 19977300
TI  - Giant Cell Sarcoma of Upper Lid.

PMID- 19977301
TI  - Oculomotor Paralysis with Rhythmic Spasm.

PMID- 19977302
TI  - Arteriovenous Communication in the Cavernous Sinus successfully treated by
      Ligature of the Common Carotid.

PMID- 19977303
TI  - Presbyophrenia (Alzheimer's Disease).

PMID- 19977304
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977305
TI  - OEdema of the Thighs in a Katatoniac.

PMID- 19977307
TI  - Maniacal-depressive Insanity (resembling General Paralysis).

PMID- 19977306
TI  - Presenile Katatonia (? Dementia Praecox).

PMID- 19977309
TI  - Acute Confusion in a Child, aged 12.

PMID- 19977308
TI  - Senile Dementia with Apraxia.

PMID- 19977310
TI  - The Neuropathic Inheritance.

PMID- 19977311
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977312
TI  - "Washing Mania".

PMID- 19977314
TI  - Organic Disease of the Nervous System, presenting some Features of General
      Paralysis of the Insane.

PMID- 19977313
TI  - Katatoniac Stupor.

PMID- 19977315
TI  - Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19977317
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19977316
TI  - Cerebral Tumour, illustrating the Value of the Operation of Decompression.

PMID- 19977318
TI  - Microscopical Investigation of the Nervous System in Three Cases of Spontaneous
      Myxoedema.

PMID- 19977319
TI  - Tetanoid Spasms.

PMID- 19977320
TI  - Partial Aphasia.

PMID- 19977321
TI  - Two Similar but somewhat Unusual Heart Conditions in Sisters.

PMID- 19977322
TI  - Three Cases of an Unusual Form of Disease of the Hip-joint-"Calve's Pseudo
      coxalgie.".

PMID- 19977323
TI  - Congenital Syphilis with Enlargement of the Liver and Spleen.

PMID- 19977325
TI  - Arterio-sclerosis with Absence of both Radial Pulses in a Girl, aged 15 Years.

PMID- 19977324
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19977326
TI  - Interstitial Keratitis and Osteo-periostitis of the Tibiae treated with Neo
      salvarsan.

PMID- 19977327
TI  - Fibrosis of Right Lung, with Heart completely on Right Side, in a Female Child,
      aged 17 Months.

PMID- 19977328
TI  - Congenital Renal and Ureteral Anomaly.

PMID- 19977329
TI  - Specimen of Non-development of Cerebrum.

PMID- 19977330
TI  - Sub-aortic Stenosis.

PMID- 19977331
TI  - Cerebral Maldevelopment (? Sclerosis), with Infantilism and Idiocy.

PMID- 19977332
TI  - Two Cases of Genu Valgum due to Rarefaction and Deformity of the Shaft of the
      Femur.

PMID- 19977333
TI  - ? Sub-aortic Stenosis.

PMID- 19977334
TI  - A Note on Mongolism.

PMID- 19977335
TI  - A Slight Congenital Deformity of the Hands in a Child.

PMID- 19977336
TI  - Mitral Dwarfism.

PMID- 19977337
TI  - Case of Mongolism.

PMID- 19977339
TI  - Congenital Coalescence of Radius and Ulna.

PMID- 19977338
TI  - Mongolian Idiocy.

PMID- 19977341
TI  - Cicatricial Contraction of the Thumb following a Burn about Eighteen Months
      previously.

PMID- 19977340
TI  - Lymphangioma of the Axilla.

PMID- 19977342
TI  - Separated Epiphysis of the Femur treated by Plating.

PMID- 19977343
TI  - Costo-transversectomy: Spinal Caries and Mediastinal Abscess.

PMID- 19977344
TI  - Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19977345
TI  - Traumatic Pancreatic Cyst after Operation.

PMID- 19977346
TI  - Congenital Absence of Fibula, Deformity of Tarsus, and Absence of Toe.

PMID- 19977347
TI  - Chronic Albuminuria with Hepatic Enlargement.

PMID- 19977348
TI  - Summer Diarrhoea and Summer Heat.

PMID- 19977349
TI  - Case of Tremor (? Congenital).

PMID- 19977350
TI  - "Nervous Cretinism".

PMID- 19977352
TI  - Congenital Thoracic Deformity.

PMID- 19977351
TI  - Congenital Deficiency of the Cranial Vault.

PMID- 19977353
TI  - Case of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19977354
TI  - Circumscribed Serous Meningitis.

PMID- 19977355
TI  - Acute Poliomyelitis affecting the Muscles of both Hands.

PMID- 19977356
TI  - Ocular Torticollis.

PMID- 19977357
TI  - Congenital Eversion of the Great Toes, and other Abnormalities. Bony Process, on
      the Left Side of the Neck, liable to be mistaken for a Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19977358
TI  - Acute Tuberculosis (Hilum Phthisis). Specimen from a Boy aged 3 Years.

PMID- 19977359
TI  - Sections from a Case of Progressive Spinal Muscular Atrophy of Infants (Werdnig
      Hoffmann Type).

PMID- 19977360
TI  - Diffuse Sarcomatosis of the Brain and Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19977361
TI  - Hair-ball removed from the Stomach of a Child.

PMID- 19977362
TI  - Two Cases of Hereditary Syphilis treated by Intravenous Injections of Salvarsan
      and Neo-salvarsan.

PMID- 19977363
TI  - Tuberculosis of Kidney.

PMID- 19977365
TI  - Enlargement of the Thyroid Gland (Goitre) in a Family of Five Children, Four Boys
      and a Girl.

PMID- 19977364
TI  - A Successful Case of Cerebral Decompression for Convulsions, Jacksonian in Type,
      in a Child, aged 4 Years.

PMID- 19977366
TI  - Torticollis of (?) Ocular Origin.

PMID- 19977367
TI  - Operative Myxoedema-Cachexia Strumipriva.

PMID- 19977368
TI  - Distal Myopathy.

PMID- 19977369
TI  - Congenital Absence of Abdominal Muscles and other Defects.

PMID- 19977370
TI  - Two Cases of Ranula.

PMID- 19977371
TI  - Pathological Specimen; Diphtheria of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19977372
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis followed by Thrombosis of the Facial Vein; Operation;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19977373
TI  - Two Successful Cases of Operation for Strangulated Inguinal Hernia in Female
      Infants of the Age of 22 and 17 Days.

PMID- 19977374
TI  - A Case simulating Meningitis, in which the Symptoms were caused by the Escape of
      Threadworms into the Peritoneal Cavity through a perforated Appendix Vermiformis.

PMID- 19977375
TI  - Perineal Ectopic Testicle in a Boy, aged 17 Years.

PMID- 19977376
TI  - Congenital Spastic Paraplegia, with Congenital Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19977377
TI  - Cases of Familial Jaundice.

PMID- 19977378
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977379
TI  - (?) Anterior Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19977380
TI  - Purpura.

PMID- 19977381
TI  - Septic Dermatitis.

PMID- 19977382
TI  - Complete Congenital Absence of both Radii in a Boy, aged 6 Years.

PMID- 19977384
TI  - Synovitis of Hands, Feet, and Knees, in a Congenital Syphilitic.

PMID- 19977383
TI  - Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19977385
TI  - Lymphangioma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19977386
TI  - Symmetrical Swelling of the Nasal Bones.

PMID- 19977387
TI  - Fibro-sarcoma of the Semi-membranosus Muscle.

PMID- 19977388
TI  - Cellulitis of the Forearm.

PMID- 19977389
TI  - Cerebral Tumour.

PMID- 19977390
TI  - Ectopia Vesicae.

PMID- 19977391
TI  - Malformation of the Heart-Foramen Primum.

PMID- 19977392
TI  - Congenital Eye and Heart Defects.

PMID- 19977393
TI  - Hydatid Cysts of the Liver.

PMID- 19977394
TI  - Congenital Ocular Lesions.

PMID- 19977395
TI  - Paralysis of both Internal Recti with Slight Ptosis.

PMID- 19977396
TI  - Remarks on some Fatal Cases of Eczema in Children.

PMID- 19977397
TI  - Nocturnal Enuresis.

PMID- 19977398
TI  - Specimen of Tuberculous Right Kidney from a Child, aged 12 Months.

PMID- 19977399
TI  - Notes on a Case of Precocious Development in a Boy, aged 6 Years.

PMID- 19977400
TI  - Congenital Syphilitic Infant treated by Intravenous Injection of Neo-salvarsan.

PMID- 19977401
TI  - Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19977402
TI  - Partial Hemiatrophy of the Face and Tongue.

PMID- 19977403
TI  - Congenital Syphilis; Haematuria.

PMID- 19977405
TI  - Ununited Fracture of Neck of Femur.

PMID- 19977404
TI  - Spina Bifida (Meningo-myelocele Ulcerated) in a Child treated by Operation.

PMID- 19977406
TI  - Congenital OEsophageal Stenosis.

PMID- 19977408
TI  - Osteoma of the Forearm causing considerable Deformity.

PMID- 19977407
TI  - Multiple Exostoses with Symmetrical Wasting of the Muscles of both Upper Arms.

PMID- 19977409
TI  - Cerebral Non-development.

PMID- 19977410
TI  - Malformation of the Rectum (Complete Absence of the Post-allantoic Gut and the
      Proctodaeum); Operation; Result.

PMID- 19977411
TI  - Cerebellar Ataxia.

PMID- 19977412
TI  - Pharynx and Larynx from Fatal Case of Haemorrhage from Throat.

PMID- 19977414
TI  - Congenital Adenoma of the Liver.

PMID- 19977413
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in a Boy, aged 6 years.

PMID- 19977415
TI  - Epidemic Catarrhal Jaundice.

PMID- 19977416
TI  - Congenital Family Cholaemia.

PMID- 19977417
TI  - The Modern Methods of Treatment of Heart Disease.

PMID- 19977419
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977418
TI  - Some Manifestations of a Healthy Heart in the Young frequently taken as
      Indications for Treatment.

PMID- 19977420
TI  - Excision of Spleen for Congenital Family Cholaemia.

PMID- 19977422
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977421
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977423
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977424
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977425
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977427
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977426
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977429
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977428
TI  - A Discussion on the Treatment of Heart Disease in Children.

PMID- 19977430
TI  - Case of (?) Fibro-lipoma.

PMID- 19977431
TI  - Lymphangioma resembling Hernia of the Lung.

PMID- 19977432
TI  - Injury of the Semilunar Cartilages.

PMID- 19977433
TI  - The Results of Filigree Implantation.

PMID- 19977434
TI  - Actinomycosis, with Special Reference to Involvement of Bone, and an Account of a
      Case primarily involving the Inferior Maxilla.

PMID- 19977435
TI  - Some Clinical Features of Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19977437
TI  - Discussion on Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19977436
TI  - Some Observations on a Series of 78 Cases of Streptothrix Infection.

PMID- 19977438
TI  - Discussion on Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19977440
TI  - Discussion on Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19977439
TI  - Discussion on Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19977441
TI  - Discussion on Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19977442
TI  - Discussion on Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19977443
TI  - Statistics of Actinomycosis, 1902-1912.

PMID- 19977445
TI  - Inferences on Modern Treatment drawn from Histories of Patients who have
      Recovered from the Perforation of a Gastric or Duodenal Pyloric Ulcer.

PMID- 19977444
TI  - The Cause and Treatment of certain Unfavourable After-effects of Gastro
      enterostomy.

PMID- 19977446
TI  - Ligature of the Renal Artery and Vein as a Substitute for Nephrectomy.

PMID- 19977448
TI  - Obstruction of the Ureter by Aberrant Renal Vessels; a Clinical Study of the
      Symptoms and Results of Operation.

PMID- 19977447
TI  - Three Unusual Cases of Renal Tumour, with a Discussion of the Operative Treatment
      of the Condition.

PMID- 19977449
TI  - "Banti's Disease" cured by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19977451
TI  - Hypertrophy of Spleen; Mobility, Rotation, Peritonitis, Adhesions; Operation for
      Removal of Painful Splenic Tumour.

PMID- 19977450
TI  - Injuries to the Semilunar Cartilages: a Personal Experience of 449 Cases of
      Operation.

PMID- 19977452
TI  - Excision of the Spleen for Splenic Anaemia.

PMID- 19977453
TI  - A Case of Lieno-testicular Band or Ligament.

PMID- 19977454
TI  - Retroperitoneal Rupture of the Duodenum.

PMID- 19977456
TI  - The Value of Kangaroo Tendon for Buried Sutures.

PMID- 19977455
TI  - Note on an Improved Method of Operation in Dupuytren's Contraction of the
      Fingers.

PMID- 19977458
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones: Opening Address with
      Regard to Pathology.

PMID- 19977457
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones: Opening Address with
      Regard to Clinical Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977459
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977460
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977461
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977462
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones : Opening Address with
      Regard to Prognosis.

PMID- 19977463
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977464
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977466
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977465
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977467
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977468
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977469
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977470
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977471
TI  - A Discussion on Sarcomata and Myelomata of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19977473
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977472
TI  - Presidential Address: The Selective Action of Drugs on Nerve-endings.

PMID- 19977474
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977475
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977476
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977477
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977478
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease : Summary and
      Reply.

PMID- 19977479
TI  - The Action of Drugs on the Respiration.

PMID- 19977480
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977481
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977482
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977483
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977484
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977485
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977486
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977487
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977488
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan and Neo-salvarsan in Diseases other than
      Syphilis.

PMID- 19977489
TI  - Results obtained with Sensitized Vaccine in a Series of Cases of Acute Bacterial
      Infection.

PMID- 19977490
TI  - The Action of Pilocarpine and of Atropine on the Urinary Secretion.

PMID- 19977492
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977491
TI  - On the Action of a Tissue Extract in the Production of Diuresis.

PMID- 19977493
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977494
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977495
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977497
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977496
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977498
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977499
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977500
TI  - Discussion on the Non-operative Treatment of Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977501
TI  - Presidential Address: Some Lessons derived from Twenty Years' Spa Practice.

PMID- 19977502
TI  - Mineral Springs: Their Analyses, Classification, Therapeutic Uses, and Newer
      Methods of Application; with Special Reference to American Springs.

PMID- 19977503
TI  - London as a Health Resort and as a Sanitary City.

PMID- 19977504
TI  - The Production of Osteophytes and Exostoses in Chronic Gout and Arthritis
      Deformans.

PMID- 19977505
TI  - Painful Affections of the Shoulder: Their Diagnosis and Treatment.

PMID- 19977506
TI  - Local Treatment of Vincent's Angina with Salvarsan.

PMID- 19977507
TI  - Tumour of the Thigh.

PMID- 19977508
TI  - Haemolytic Jaundice; Cholecystotomy; Splenectomy; Cure.

PMID- 19977509
TI  - Haemolytic Jaundice complicated by Cholecystitis.

PMID- 19977510
TI  - Enlarged Spleen; Cirrhosis of Liver; Splenectomy.

PMID- 19977511
TI  - Enlarged Movable Spleen (Splenoptosis) in a Case of Early Graves's Disease.

PMID- 19977512
TI  - Splenomegaly; Two Attacks of Haematemesis; Irregular Liver.

PMID- 19977513
TI  - Primary Squamous Epithelioma on the External Aspect of the Left Nostril,
      illustrating the Modern Extensive Operation for Radical Cure.

PMID- 19977514
TI  - Bilateral Atrophy of the Face.

PMID- 19977516
TI  - Old-standing Brachial Birth Paralysis with Subluxation of the Shoulder-joint and
      Anterior Dislocation of the Head of the Radius.

PMID- 19977515
TI  - Spastic Smile with Tremor of the Upper Extremity and Defective Articulation.

PMID- 19977517
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis, commencing Gymnastic Treatment.

PMID- 19977518
TI  - Multiple Carcinoma of Bone.

PMID- 19977519
TI  - Case of (?) Syringo-myelitis.

PMID- 19977520
TI  - Bilateral Cervical Ribs.

PMID- 19977521
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Male Breast.

PMID- 19977522
TI  - Notes of a Case illustrative of an Artificial Anterior Crucial Ligament,
      demonstrating the Action of that Ligament.

PMID- 19977523
TI  - Fractured Spine of the Tibia.

PMID- 19977524
TI  - Deformity of the Long Bones (Osteogenesis Imperfecta).

PMID- 19977525
TI  - Extradural Haemorrhage causing Slight Aphasia from Pressure over Broca's
      Convolution.

PMID- 19977526
TI  - Specimen from Case of Myxo-chondroma of the Thigh.

PMID- 19977527
TI  - Aneurysm of the Ascending Aorta.

PMID- 19977528
TI  - Notes of a Case of Traumatic Sensory Aphasia, treated successfully by Trephining
      and Removal of Clot.

PMID- 19977530
TI  - Spleno-myelogenic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19977529
TI  - Unilateral Clubbing of the Fingers associated with an Axillary Aneurysm on that
      Side.

PMID- 19977531
TI  - Splenectomy for Splenomegalic Cirrhosis with Ascites.

PMID- 19977532
TI  - Splenomegaly with Gastro-intestinal Haemorrhages.

PMID- 19977533
TI  - Three Members of One Family suffering from Myotonia Hypertrophica-the
      Hypertrophic Form of Thomsen's Disease.

PMID- 19977534
TI  - Progressive Vertebral Ankylosis ("Spondylose Rhizomelique").

PMID- 19977535
TI  - Spasmodic Stricture of the OEsophagus (Cardiospasm), with Fusiform Dilatation
      above it.

PMID- 19977536
TI  - Subcutaneous Granulomata.

PMID- 19977537
TI  - Cancer of Rectum; Excision after application of Radium.

PMID- 19977538
TI  - Arthritis associated with Psoriasis.

PMID- 19977539
TI  - Rupture of Aneurysm of the Abdominal Aorta in a Young Woman.

PMID- 19977541
TI  - Rheumatic Nodules (Rheumatismus Nodosus) associated with Rheumatic Torticollis.

PMID- 19977540
TI  - Two Cases of Arthritis Deformans treated by Continuous Counter-irritation.

PMID- 19977542
TI  - Angiokeratoma, with Bony Changes.

PMID- 19977543
TI  - Haemophilia.

PMID- 19977544
TI  - Case of Microglossia.

PMID- 19977545
TI  - Myatonia Congenita.

PMID- 19977546
TI  - Cervical Rib with marked Vascular Symptoms.

PMID- 19977547
TI  - Facial Palsy following a Mastoid Operation treated by Nerve Anastomosis.

PMID- 19977548
TI  - The Treatment of Syphilis by Excision of the Primary Sore.

PMID- 19977549
TI  - The Treatment of Syphilis with Arsacetin only.

PMID- 19977551
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Cheek treated by Parenchymatous Injections of Formalin.

PMID- 19977550
TI  - Chronic Myelocytic Leukaemia treated by Benzol, &c.

PMID- 19977552
TI  - Suppression of Urine in a Boy, aged 11, after Operation for Acute Appendicitis,
      cured by Double Nephrotomy.

PMID- 19977554
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease and Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19977553
TI  - Four Cases of Malignant Disease after Treatment with Radium.

PMID- 19977555
TI  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta with Multiple Fractures.

PMID- 19977556
TI  - Complete Destruction of a Part of the Diaphysis of the Tibia by Acute
      Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19977557
TI  - Cleido-cranio-dysostosis, with Signs pointing to Pressure on the Brachial Plexus
      by the Rudimentary Right Clavicle.

PMID- 19977559
TI  - Swelling of the Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19977558
TI  - Latent Fracture of the Patella.

PMID- 19977560
TI  - Addison's Disease in a Boy, with Calcification of the Adrenals.

PMID- 19977561
TI  - Splenectomy for Chronic Acquired Acholuric Jaundice with Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19977562
TI  - Splenic Enlargement, Haemorrhage, Anaemia, with Oral Sepsis.

PMID- 19977563
TI  - Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Gymnastic Treatment.

PMID- 19977564
TI  - Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19977565
TI  - Excision of the Shoulder performed Fifty Years ago.

PMID- 19977566
TI  - Osteitis Deformans; Operation for Fractured Femur.

PMID- 19977567
TI  - Lipoma Nasi.

PMID- 19977568
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease; probably Pulmonary Stenosis with Incomplete Ventricular
      Septum.

PMID- 19977569
TI  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19977570
TI  - Syringomyelia with Features of Acromegaly.

PMID- 19977572
TI  - Hypertrophied and Dilated Urinary Bladder.

PMID- 19977571
TI  - Splenic Enlargement, Haemorrhage, Anaemia, and Arteritis Obliterans with Oral
      Sepsis.

PMID- 19977573
TI  - Case for Diagnosis-Fusiform Swelling of Shaft of Left Humerus, enclosing Central
      Cavity.

PMID- 19977575
TI  - Splenic Anaemia treated by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19977574
TI  - Splenic Anaemia in a Father and Three Children.

PMID- 19977576
TI  - Splenic Anaemia treated by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19977577
TI  - Splenic Anaemia treated by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19977578
TI  - Angioma of Synovial Membrane of Elbow.

PMID- 19977580
TI  - Splenectomy for Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19977579
TI  - Bazin's Disease.

PMID- 19977581
TI  - Splenectomy for Congenital Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19977582
TI  - Kala-azar (Parasitic Splenomegaly) in an Adult from Malta.

PMID- 19977583
TI  - Splenomegaly with Gastro-intestinal Haemorrhages.

PMID- 19977584
TI  - Splenic Anaemia with Ascites, treated by Splenectomy and Omentopexy.

PMID- 19977585
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19977586
TI  - Generalized Lentiginous Pigmentation in an Adult; (?) Adult Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19977587
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Sclerodermia and Keloid).

PMID- 19977588
TI  - Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19977589
TI  - Congenital Hairy Mole.

PMID- 19977591
TI  - Congenital Mole of Peculiar Distribution.

PMID- 19977590
TI  - Naevus Linearis Bilateralis (Mixed Systemic Naevus).

PMID- 19977592
TI  - Grouped Comedones in a Girl, aged.

PMID- 19977593
TI  - Alopecia following Severe Impetigo of the Scalp in a Girl, aged 6.

PMID- 19977594
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis, treated with Salvarsan.

PMID- 19977596
TI  - Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19977595
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus affecting the Buccal Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19977597
TI  - Lichen Planus Hypertrophicus.

PMID- 19977598
TI  - Polycythaemia Rubra.

PMID- 19977599
TI  - Bromide Eruption.

PMID- 19977601
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977600
TI  - Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19977603
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977602
TI  - Vesicating Urticaria.

PMID- 19977604
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977606
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977605
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977608
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977607
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977609
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977611
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977610
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977612
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977613
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977614
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977615
TI  - Discussion on Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19977616
TI  - Extensive Carcinoma of the Face occurring in the Course of a Xerodermia
      Pigmentosa treated by a Massive Dose of Radium.

PMID- 19977617
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977618
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides a Tumeurs d'Emblee.

PMID- 19977619
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19977620
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; (?) Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19977621
TI  - Xantho-erythrodermia Perstans.

PMID- 19977622
TI  - Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa.

PMID- 19977623
TI  - Multiple Lupus Vulgaris involving Skin and Mucous Membranes.

PMID- 19977624
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous Fibromata.

PMID- 19977626
TI  - Acne Agminata with Bilateral Enlargement of the Lachrymal Glands.

PMID- 19977625
TI  - Granuloma Annulare with Subcutaneous Nodules.

PMID- 19977628
TI  - Severe Secondary Syphilitic Rash in a Woman, aged 70.

PMID- 19977627
TI  - Recurrent Bullous Eruption on the Legs.

PMID- 19977629
TI  - Nodular Leprosy.

PMID- 19977631
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19977630
TI  - Case of Erythromelalgia.

PMID- 19977633
TI  - Psoriasis and Exfoliative Dermatitis lapsing into Dermatitis Herpetiformis
      (Duhring).

PMID- 19977632
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19977634
TI  - Hydroa AEstivale (et Hiemale).

PMID- 19977636
TI  - Bilateral Telangiectases (Naevus Araneus).

PMID- 19977635
TI  - Double Primary Chancres of the Lips and Neo-salvarsan Erythema Toxicum.

PMID- 19977637
TI  - Secondary Syphilitic Patchy Alopecia.

PMID- 19977639
TI  - Persistent Erythema of an Erythromelalgic Type.

PMID- 19977638
TI  - Permanent Alopecia following X-ray Treatment for Tinea Tonsurans.

PMID- 19977641
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19977640
TI  - Case of Purpura.

PMID- 19977642
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Unusual Lupus Erythematosus).

PMID- 19977643
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977644
TI  - Raynaud's Disease with Onychia.

PMID- 19977645
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977646
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977647
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977648
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977649
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977650
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977651
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977652
TI  - Multiple Lupus Vulgaris in an Adult simulating Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19977653
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977654
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977656
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977655
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977657
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977659
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977658
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977660
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977661
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977662
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977664
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977663
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977665
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977666
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977668
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977667
TI  - Discussion on Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977669
TI  - Two Cases of Erythema due to Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

PMID- 19977671
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Adult Urticaria Pigmentosa).

PMID- 19977670
TI  - Pellagra with Skin Eruptions.

PMID- 19977673
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977672
TI  - Case of Trophoedema.

PMID- 19977674
TI  - Favus in a Mouse.

PMID- 19977676
TI  - Bullous Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19977675
TI  - Favus in Mother and Child.

PMID- 19977677
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Nipple.

PMID- 19977679
TI  - Lichen Planus Atrophicus.

PMID- 19977678
TI  - Psoriasis associated with Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava.

PMID- 19977681
TI  - Case of Leiomyoma (? Epitheliomatous).

PMID- 19977680
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19977682
TI  - Diabetes Insipidus with Papular and Nodular Xanthomata.

PMID- 19977684
TI  - Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19977683
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977686
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19977685
TI  - Multiple Symmetrical Painful Fatty Tumours with Pigmentation.

PMID- 19977687
TI  - Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19977688
TI  - Pityriasis Rosea with some Unusual Characters.

PMID- 19977689
TI  - Sclerema Neonatorum in an Infant.

PMID- 19977691
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa Congenita.

PMID- 19977690
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; (?) Xanthoma Multiplex.

PMID- 19977692
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19977694
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19977693
TI  - Superficial Ulcerations due to Chalk-stones.

PMID- 19977695
TI  - Acute Erythematous Miliary Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19977696
TI  - Patchy Erythematous Eruption for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977697
TI  - Case with Subcutaneous Nodosities for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977699
TI  - Acne Varioliformis.

PMID- 19977698
TI  - Idiopathic Multiple Pigment Sarcoma (so-called) of Kaposi.

PMID- 19977700
TI  - A New Radiometer for Sabouraud's Pastilles.

PMID- 19977702
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19977701
TI  - Psoriasis in a very Young Infant.

PMID- 19977703
TI  - Case of Tuberculides.

PMID- 19977704
TI  - ? Lichen Verrucosus.

PMID- 19977705
TI  - Case of Syphilis showing Noguchi's Luetin Reaction.

PMID- 19977706
TI  - Xanthoma Tuberosum.

PMID- 19977707
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19977708
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977710
TI  - Lichen Planus Hypertrophicus.

PMID- 19977709
TI  - Syphilis of very Unusual Character.

PMID- 19977712
TI  - Fordyce's Disease.

PMID- 19977711
TI  - Report on Dr. Walsh's Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19977714
TI  - Chronic Hypertrophy of the Lips.

PMID- 19977713
TI  - Syphilitic Macrocheilia.

PMID- 19977715
TI  - Case of Leprosy.

PMID- 19977717
TI  - Vegetating Syphilide.

PMID- 19977716
TI  - X-ray Dermatitis.

PMID- 19977719
TI  - Congenital Alopecia.

PMID- 19977718
TI  - Congenital Hyperkeratosis of the Palms and Soles.

PMID- 19977720
TI  - Bromide Eruption in a Child, aged 7 Months.

PMID- 19977722
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19977721
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19977723
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus with Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19977724
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19977725
TI  - Stomatitis Neurotica Chronica.

PMID- 19977727
TI  - Unusual Lichenoid Eruption in a Boy, aged 7.

PMID- 19977726
TI  - Parapsoriasis en Plaques.

PMID- 19977728
TI  - Multiple Neuromata.

PMID- 19977729
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977730
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977732
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19977731
TI  - Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma (so-called) of Kaposi.

PMID- 19977733
TI  - Case of Radio-dermatitis; (?) Tuberculide.

PMID- 19977735
TI  - Acne Varioliformis in a Woman.

PMID- 19977734
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; (?) Epithelioma.

PMID- 19977737
TI  - Case of Tuberculide.

PMID- 19977736
TI  - Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19977738
TI  - Cutaneous Atrophy, with Comedo.

PMID- 19977739
TI  - Congenital Milium in a Male Infant, aged 3 Months.

PMID- 19977740
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Sclerodermia).

PMID- 19977742
TI  - An Unusual Case of Syphilis.

PMID- 19977741
TI  - Favus of the Glabrous Skin of the Right Side of the Neck in a Girl, aged 11.

PMID- 19977743
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum of Brooke in Mother, Daughter, and two Sons,
      associated with so-called "Multiple Endothelioma of the Scalp"; its Relationship
      to Multiple Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19977745
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977744
TI  - Keloid treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19977746
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977748
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977747
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977750
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977749
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977751
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977753
TI  - Obstruction in the Transverse Colon caused by a Kink.

PMID- 19977752
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977754
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977755
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977756
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977757
TI  - History of the X-ray Department at St. Thomas's Hospital.

PMID- 19977758
TI  - Summary of Work in the X-ray Department at St. Thomas's Hospital for the Year
      1913.

PMID- 19977759
TI  - Electro-therapeutical Treatment at St. Thomas's Hospital during the Year 1913.

PMID- 19977760
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19977761
TI  - The Treatment of Diseases of the Skin with X-rays and Ultra-violet Light.

PMID- 19977763
TI  - The Electrical Testing of Muscle and Nerve, with Special Reference to the New
      Method in which Condensers are used.

PMID- 19977762
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Electrical Methods and the Value of Radiography in the
      Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological Conditions.

PMID- 19977764
TI  - Diseases of the Pituitary Gland and their Effect on the Shape of the Sella
      Turcica.

PMID- 19977765
TI  - Discussion on the Technique and Standardization of Bismuth Meals.

PMID- 19977766
TI  - The Radiographic Appearances of the Sella Turcica, in Diseases of the Pituitary
      Gland.

PMID- 19977767
TI  - Discussion on the Radiographic Appearances of Bone Tumours, Benign and Malignant.

PMID- 19977768
TI  - Discussion on the Radiographic Appearances of Bone Tumours, Benign and Malignant.

PMID- 19977769
TI  - Discussion on the Radiographic Appearances of Bone Tumours, Benign and Malignant.

PMID- 19977771
TI  - An Apparatus for Cutting Out the Inverse Current without Valve Tubes when using
      the Mercury Break.

PMID- 19977770
TI  - Discussion on the Radiographic Appearances of Bone Tumours, Benign and Malignant.

PMID- 19977772
TI  - Experiments in X-ray Filtration.

PMID- 19977773
TI  - Electrolysis in the Treatment of Haemorrhoids.

PMID- 19977774
TI  - Measurements of Radium Rays as used Clinically.

PMID- 19977775
TI  - Notes on Books.

PMID- 19977776
TI  - The Marcus Beck Laboratory. A Tribute to the Memory of Marcus Beck.

PMID- 19977777
TI  - On Some of the Recent Advances in the Field of Microbiology; with Demonstrations
      of the Pure Cultures of various Spirochaetes, of the Viruses of Rabies and
      Poliomyelitis, and of Treponema pallidum in the Brains of General Paralytics.

PMID- 19977779
TI  - Metallic Ferments: Their Bio-physical and Therapeutic Properties.

PMID- 19977778
TI  - Anti-mosquito Work at Panama.

PMID- 19977780
TI  - Controlled Growth en masse (Somatic Growth) of Embryonic Chick Tissue in vitro.

PMID- 19977782
TI  - Three Cases of Foreign Body in the Bronchus, illustrating Points of Interest.

PMID- 19977781
TI  - Some Observations on the Development of Red Blood Cells as seen during the Growth
      of Embryonic Chick Tissue in vitro.

PMID- 19977784
TI  - Necrosis of the Palate.

PMID- 19977783
TI  - Photograph showing Two Primary Sores on the Lip and Angle of the Mouth.

PMID- 19977785
TI  - Abnormal Artery on Wall of Pharynx.

PMID- 19977786
TI  - Destruction of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19977787
TI  - Empyema of the Antrum with Infection of the Nose and Cheeks.

PMID- 19977788
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Ethmoid extending along the Antral Roof and Perforating
      the Maxilla at the Outer Angle of the Orbit.

PMID- 19977789
TI  - Endothelioma of the Ethmoid.

PMID- 19977790
TI  - Laryngeal Tumour; (?) Adenoma of Right Ventricular Band.

PMID- 19977791
TI  - Columnar-celled Epithelioma of the Nasal Cavity and Left Antrum.

PMID- 19977792
TI  - Frontal Sinus Burrs for enlarging the Fronto-nasal Canal when operating by the
      Intranasal Method.

PMID- 19977793
TI  - Maxillary Antroscope.

PMID- 19977794
TI  - Two Cases of Acute Suppurative Frontal Sinusitis, due to Bathing.

PMID- 19977795
TI  - Lupus of the Nose; Lupus or Chronic Tuberculosis of the Larynx commencing in the
      Left Ventricle.

PMID- 19977796
TI  - Unilateral Abductor Paresis of the Left Cord.

PMID- 19977797
TI  - Tumour on the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19977798
TI  - Epithelioma of Floor of the Mouth and Tongue, and Ulceration on the Palate.

PMID- 19977799
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus: (I)
      Introductory Paper.

PMID- 19977801
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus: (II)
      Introductory Paper.

PMID- 19977800
TI  - Pneumococcal Infection of the Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19977803
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977802
TI  - Tumour of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19977805
TI  - Mass attached to Laryngeal Wall.

PMID- 19977804
TI  - Fixed Circo-arytaenoid Joint; Phthisis; Healed Tertiary Syphilis.

PMID- 19977806
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977807
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977808
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977809
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977811
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977810
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977812
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977813
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977814
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977816
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977815
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977817
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977818
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977819
TI  - Tumour of Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19977820
TI  - A New Pattern of Knife and Cartilage Scissors for the Operation of Submucous
      Resection of the Septum, together with Specimens of Cartilage removed by them.

PMID- 19977821
TI  - Discussion on the Intranasal Operative Treatment of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19977822
TI  - X-ray Photographs of Pharyngeal Pouches in Three Patients, aged respectively 55,
      54 and 63: Discussion.

PMID- 19977823
TI  - Removal of Foreign Bodies from the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19977824
TI  - X-ray Photographs of Carcinoma of the OEsophagus in Two Patients, aged
      respectively 49 and 71.

PMID- 19977826
TI  - Inoperable Fungating Carcinoma of the OEsophagus in a Male Patient, aged 36.

PMID- 19977825
TI  - Microscopic Section of Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland in a Female Patient, aged
      56.

PMID- 19977827
TI  - Unusual Webbing of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19977828
TI  - Laryngeal Neoplasm.

PMID- 19977829
TI  - A Further Report upon a Case of Laryngeal Neoplasm.

PMID- 19977831
TI  - Specimens from Successive Cases of Tonsils enucleated by "Matthieu's" Guillotine.

PMID- 19977830
TI  - Complete Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19977832
TI  - Microscopic Specimen from a Woman, aged 26, with a Growth on Anterior Third of
      Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19977834
TI  - An OEdematous Fibroma depending from the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19977833
TI  - Microscopic Specimen from a Growth on the Anterior Third of the Right Vocal Cord
      in a Woman, aged 44.

PMID- 19977835
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the Pharynx.

PMID- 19977836
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; (?) Lupus, Syphilis, or Mixed Infection of Nose, Right Ear,
      Pharynx, and Larynx.

PMID- 19977837
TI  - Perithelioma of Pharynx.

PMID- 19977838
TI  - Epithelioma of the Epiglottis and Base of the Tongue.

PMID- 19977839
TI  - Sarcoma originating in the Floor of the Right Maxillary Antrum Two Years after
      Operation.

PMID- 19977840
TI  - Epithelioma of the Maxillary Antrum and Hard Palate Three Years after Operation.

PMID- 19977842
TI  - Endothelioma of the Nose Three Weeks after Operation.

PMID- 19977841
TI  - The Rhinomanometer.

PMID- 19977843
TI  - Laryngo-fissure for Epithelioma of Vocal Cord Nine Years after Operation.

PMID- 19977845
TI  - Case which illustrates the Successful Endonasal Treatment of Unilateral
      Pansinusitis.

PMID- 19977844
TI  - Specimen of Vascular Fibromata removed from Larynx by the Indirect Method since
      the last Meeting of the Section.

PMID- 19977847
TI  - (a) Two Curettes for the removal of the Anterior Ethmoidal and "Agger" Cells. (b)
      A Collection of Foreign Bodies removed from the Lower Air Passages and
      OEsophagus. (c) Skiagrams illustrating Foreign Bodies in the Bronchi and
      Malignant Strictures of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19977846
TI  - Intranasal Frontal Sinus Operation.

PMID- 19977848
TI  - Specimens obtained from a Case of Laryngo-fissure for Epithelioma of the Right
      Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19977849
TI  - Gummatous Ulceration of the Larynx.

PMID- 19977850
TI  - Skiagram showing a Farthing in the OEsophagus of a Child, aged 2.

PMID- 19977851
TI  - A Minute Growth (? Fibroma) on the Anterior Third of the Left Cord in a Woman,
      aged 36.

PMID- 19977852
TI  - Gummatous Perichondritis.

PMID- 19977853
TI  - Advanced Laryngeal Tuberculosis treated by Tracheotomy and Curetting.

PMID- 19977854
TI  - ? Malignant Disease of Larynx.

PMID- 19977855
TI  - Specimen showing Absence of both Frontal Sinuses and Fronto-nasal Ducts.

PMID- 19977856
TI  - ? Tertiary Infiltration of the Larynx simulating Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19977858
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Superior Maxillary Bone and Maxillary Antral Suppuration in
      a Child, aged 11 Months at the time of Operation.

PMID- 19977857
TI  - Piece of Rabbit Bone removed from Larynx by Suspension Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19977859
TI  - Girl, aged 5, from whose Nasopharynx a Large Spindle-celled Sarcoma was removed
      six weeks ago.

PMID- 19977860
TI  - Case of (?) Rhinoscleroma.

PMID- 19977861
TI  - Carcinoma of Maxillary Antrum; Operation and Removal of Glands.

PMID- 19977862
TI  - Localized Hyperostosis of the Right Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19977863
TI  - Paralysis of both Superior Laryngeal Nerves in a Man, aged 25, occurring in the
      course of Disseminated Sclerosis from Lead Poisoning.

PMID- 19977864
TI  - Instruments for Submucous Resection of the Nasal System.

PMID- 19977866
TI  - Fixation of the Right Vocal Cord, producing no Symptoms, in a Man, aged 61.

PMID- 19977865
TI  - Carcinoma of Arytaeno-epiglottic Fold and Pyriform Fossa removed by Transthyroid
      Pharyngotomy.

PMID- 19977867
TI  - Peculiar Deformity of the Lower Jaw in a Girl, aged 18.

PMID- 19977868
TI  - Small Tuberculous Ulcer localized at the Anterior Part of the Left Aryepiglottic
      Fold, close to the Attachment of the Left Margin of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19977869
TI  - Perforation of the Septum Nasi causing Inspiratory Whistle.

PMID- 19977870
TI  - Epithelioma of Epiglottis, with Extensive Involvement of the Cervical Glands on
      both Sides, in a Man, aged 63; Removal of Epiglottis and Glands; Present
      Condition free from any Recurrence.

PMID- 19977871
TI  - Large Pulsating Vessel in the Right Portion of the Posterior Pharyngeal Wall,
      partly concealed behind the Right Tonsil, in a Boy, aged 5.

PMID- 19977872
TI  - Three Foreign Bodies, the Colour of which made Extraction more Difficult.

PMID- 19977873
TI  - Epidiascopic Exhibition of Skiagrams and Diagrams of Pharyngeal Diverticula.

PMID- 19977874
TI  - Removal of a Green Pea from the Right Bronchus by an Improvised Method.

PMID- 19977875
TI  - Sarcoma of the Nasopharynx treated by Radium Emanations.

PMID- 19977876
TI  - Sarcoma of the Nasopharynx treated by Radium Emanations.

PMID- 19977877
TI  - Sarcoma of the Nasopharynx treated by Radium Emanations.

PMID- 19977878
TI  - Two Cases of Bilateral Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19977879
TI  - Subglottic Swelling of the Larynx.

PMID- 19977880
TI  - Specimen of Thyro-glossal Cyst, causing Dyspnoea, in a Woman, aged 54.

PMID- 19977881
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977882
TI  - Vertical and Horizontal Gripping Forceps for use in various Tonsil Operations.

PMID- 19977883
TI  - Polycythaemia rubra with Chronic Rhinitis.

PMID- 19977884
TI  - A Combined Septal Resector, comprising Knife with Straight and Curved Instruments
      for raising the Muco-perichondrium.

PMID- 19977885
TI  - Infiltration of both Vocal Cords; Deflected Septum.

PMID- 19977886
TI  - Swelling on the Left Vocal Cord for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977887
TI  - Epithelioma of the Soft Palate; Operations.

PMID- 19977888
TI  - Tooth-plates and Meat Bones removed from the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19977890
TI  - Case of Aphonia; (?) Congenital Syphilitic Laryngitis.

PMID- 19977889
TI  - Trauma from Adenoid Operation.

PMID- 19977891
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977892
TI  - Extensive Pharyngeal Growth.

PMID- 19977893
TI  - Carcinoma of the Party Wall.

PMID- 19977895
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977894
TI  - Chronic Laryngitis in an Unusual Form.

PMID- 19977896
TI  - Fungating Tumour of Tonsil.

PMID- 19977897
TI  - OEsophageal Diverticulum.

PMID- 19977898
TI  - Three Cases of Thickening of the Palate and Upper Part of the Larynx, probably
      due to Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19977899
TI  - Removal of a Large Pharyngeal Pouch under Local Anaesthesia in a Man, aged 70.

PMID- 19977900
TI  - Three Cases of Sinus Suppuration in Young People.

PMID- 19977901
TI  - Notes, Specimen and Drawing of Case of Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea, with subsequent
      Ethmoiditis, Mucocele, and Frontal Sinus Suppuration, indistinguishable from
      Ethmoidal Mucocele; Operation; Death.

PMID- 19977902
TI  - Combined Syphilitic and Tuberculous Infiltration of the Larynx.

PMID- 19977903
TI  - Cavernous Angioma of the Uvula.

PMID- 19977904
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis, with Affection of the Larynx and Soft Palate.

PMID- 19977905
TI  - An Unusual Case of Adductor Paresis.

PMID- 19977906
TI  - Two Examples of Foreign Bodies removed from the Pharynx by Suspension
      Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19977907
TI  - Skiagrams of a Pin in the Retropharyngeal Space.

PMID- 19977908
TI  - Deflection of the Posterior Part of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19977910
TI  - Demonstration of the Exhibitor's Intranasal Frontal Sinus Instruments and
      Skiagrams showing Results.

PMID- 19977909
TI  - Laryngeal Neoplasm.

PMID- 19977911
TI  - Carcinoma of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19977913
TI  - Double Intranasal Dacryocystotomy for Lachrymal Disease.

PMID- 19977912
TI  - Epidiascope Exhibition of Diagrams and Skiagrams illustrating the Intranasal
      Operations on the Lachrymal Sac.

PMID- 19977914
TI  - Resection of Larynx and Pharynx.

PMID- 19977916
TI  - Advanced Gummatous Laryngitis in a Woman, aged 33, giving an obvious Luetic
      History and showing Gummatous Scars on Arms.

PMID- 19977915
TI  - Resection of the Pharynx for Carcinoma.

PMID- 19977918
TI  - ? Lupus of the Nose.

PMID- 19977917
TI  - Sphenoidal Sinus, after Operation, showing Good Drainage.

PMID- 19977919
TI  - Foreign Body (a Piece of Bookbinding Wire) removed under Direct Laryngoscopy,
      after having been Impacted in the Larynx Four Months.

PMID- 19977921
TI  - Extensive, Cicatrical, Pharyngeal Diaphragm following Scarlatina.

PMID- 19977920
TI  - Inflammatory Fixation of the Left Arytaenoid following supposed Impaction of a
      Foreign Body in the Larynx.

PMID- 19977922
TI  - Orbital Cellulitis due to Ethmoidal and Frontal Sinus Disease.

PMID- 19977923
TI  - Demonstration of the Exhibitor's Method of Intranasal Operation for Antral Sinus
      Suppuration.

PMID- 19977924
TI  - ? New Growth of Ventricle of Larynx.

PMID- 19977925
TI  - Double Ogston's Operation performed for Chronic Frontal Sinus Disease.

PMID- 19977926
TI  - Double Paralysis of the Superior Laryngeal Nerves in a Man, aged 26, in the
      Course of Disseminated Sclerosis from Lead Poisoning.

PMID- 19977927
TI  - Double Abductor Paralysis in a Child, aged 8.

PMID- 19977928
TI  - Note of the Result of Treatment of an Unusual Case of Adductor Paresis.

PMID- 19977929
TI  - Paralysis of Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19977930
TI  - Pharyngeal Cyst.

PMID- 19977931
TI  - Thyroglossal Fistula.

PMID- 19977932
TI  - Pathological Specimens of Tonsils from a Case of Lymphatic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19977933
TI  - Preparation showing the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve involved in a Mass of
      Lymphomatous Glands.

PMID- 19977934
TI  - Syphilis of the Liver with the Picture of Banti's Disease.

PMID- 19977935
TI  - A Contribution to the Study of a Group of Cases of Chronic Recurrent Diarrhoea in
      Childhood.

PMID- 19977937
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977936
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977938
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977939
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977940
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977941
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977943
TI  - Paroxysmal Tachycardia in a Boy, aged 4(1/2).

PMID- 19977942
TI  - Paroxysmal Tachycardia in a Child, aged 2(3/4).

PMID- 19977944
TI  - Secondary or Symptomatic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19977946
TI  - Observations on CO(2) in Alveolar Air of Diabetics in relation to Onset of Coma:
      with Demonstration of Fridericia's Method of measuring it Clinically:
      (Preliminary Communication).

PMID- 19977945
TI  - The Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19977948
TI  - Acute Aplastic Anaemia: With a Note on the Nomenclature of Plastic and Aplastic
      Anaemias.

PMID- 19977947
TI  - Multiple Acute Ulceration of the Stomach.

PMID- 19977949
TI  - A Pedunculated Intra-bronchial Tumour (Sarcoma) causing Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19977950
TI  - On the Murmurs in Dilated Hearts and their Explanations.

PMID- 19977951
TI  - Pathological Changes in Case of Leukaemia from Prolonged Use of X-rays.

PMID- 19977952
TI  - Two Cases of Non-cancerous Tumour of the Stomach.

PMID- 19977954
TI  - On a Change occurring in the Pelvis in a Case of Prepuberal Atrophy of the
      Testicles.

PMID- 19977953
TI  - Recurrent Distension of the Parotid due to Calcification round a Fish Bone
      retained in Steno's Duct for over a Year.

PMID- 19977955
TI  - Combined Sclerosis of the Spinal Cord and Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis (?).

PMID- 19977956
TI  - Experiments and Observations on Yellow Fever.

PMID- 19977957
TI  - Tuberculous Rheumatism.

PMID- 19977958
TI  - On Certain Causes of Splenomegaly and Banti's Disease: (Preliminary
      Communication).

PMID- 19977959
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977960
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977961
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977962
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977963
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977964
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977965
TI  - Discussion on Vaccines from the Standpoint of the Physician.

PMID- 19977967
TI  - Friedreich's Disease, following Diphtheria.

PMID- 19977966
TI  - Presidential Address: The Traumatic Neuroses.

PMID- 19977968
TI  - Friedreich's Disease.

PMID- 19977969
TI  - Labyrinthine Syndrome (probably of Central Origin).

PMID- 19977970
TI  - Sclerodermia; Neuropathic OEdema; Functional Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19977972
TI  - Acute Cerebellar Ataxia in an Adult.

PMID- 19977971
TI  - Diffuse Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19977973
TI  - Cerebellar Ataxia.

PMID- 19977974
TI  - Glioma of the Cerebellum; Recovery after Simple Drainage of Cyst.

PMID- 19977975
TI  - Toxic Polyneuritis due to the Virus of Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19977976
TI  - Hysterical Brachial Monoplegia.

PMID- 19977977
TI  - Case of Nystagmus.

PMID- 19977978
TI  - Two Cases of Thomsen's Disease.

PMID- 19977979
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: Curvature and Stiffness of the Spine.

PMID- 19977980
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19977981
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Dystrophy presenting some Unusual Features.

PMID- 19977982
TI  - The Pathology of Pellagra.

PMID- 19977983
TI  - Further Note on a Case of Hysterical Brachial Monoplegia following Electric
      Shock.

PMID- 19977984
TI  - Toxi-infection of the Central Nervous System.

PMID- 19977985
TI  - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in the Senghenydd Explosion.

PMID- 19977986
TI  - Pyosalpinx in an Accessory Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19977988
TI  - Primary Cancer of Bartholin's Gland.

PMID- 19977987
TI  - Obliteration of Upper Portion of Vagina, probably the Result of Total
      Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19977989
TI  - Twin Pregnancy; Hydatidiform Mole associated with Normal Ovum; Abortion at Four
      Months.

PMID- 19977991
TI  - Chrobak's Instrument for Decapitation.

PMID- 19977990
TI  - Complete Inversion of a Prolapsed Uterus in a Patient aged 57.

PMID- 19977992
TI  - "Pre-eclampsia" at the Twenty-fourth Week; Acute Toxaemia; Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19977993
TI  - "Caesarean Myomectomy"; Remarks on the Operation.

PMID- 19977994
TI  - Syphilis in Relation to Uterine Disease.

PMID- 19977995
TI  - A Specimen of Foetus Acardiacus Amorphus.

PMID- 19977996
TI  - Primary Epithelioma of the Vagina treated by Radium.

PMID- 19977997
TI  - Double Ovariotomy; Bilateral Ovarian Perithelioma; Dermoid on One Side; Unusual
      Post-operative Course.

PMID- 19977998
TI  - Chorionepithelioma of the Uterus with Bilateral Lutein Cysts of the Ovary.

PMID- 19977999
TI  - Lipomatosis of a Fibromyoma of the Corpus Uteri.

PMID- 19978001
TI  - Chiefly concerning the Genito-mesenteric Fold of Peritoneum.

PMID- 19978000
TI  - Case of Haematometra.

PMID- 19978002
TI  - A Fibroma of the Hymen.

PMID- 19978004
TI  - Uterine Fibroids; one impacted in the Pelvis obstructing Delivery; Caesarean
      Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19978003
TI  - Degenerated Myomatous Uterus resembling the Pregnant Organ.

PMID- 19978005
TI  - Eclampsia; Vaginal Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19978006
TI  - Caesarean Section; Labour obstructed by One Half of a Uterus Didelphys.

PMID- 19978007
TI  - Congenital Sacro-coccygeal Tumour.

PMID- 19978008
TI  - Uncontrollable Uterine Haemorrhage: A Report on 104 Uteri after Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19978009
TI  - Decidual Cast from the Unimpregnated Horn of a Didelphic Uterus.

PMID- 19978010
TI  - Multiple Myomectomy in the Sixth Month of Pregnancy; Labour at Term.

PMID- 19978011
TI  - An Ovarian Dermoid Cyst expelled through the Rectum during Labour.

PMID- 19978013
TI  - Hernia into the Umbilical Cord.

PMID- 19978012
TI  - Uterus showing Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix and Adeno-carcinoma of the
      Body.

PMID- 19978015
TI  - Defective Ossification of Foetal Skull.

PMID- 19978014
TI  - Myomatous Uterus removed immediately after Labour.

PMID- 19978016
TI  - Chorionepithelioma with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19978017
TI  - Heart Disease complicating Pregnancy; Caesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978018
TI  - Superior Recto-vaginal Fistula dealt with by the Abdominal Route after
      Preliminary Colostomy.

PMID- 19978019
TI  - Peritonitis in Foetus.

PMID- 19978020
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978021
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978022
TI  - The Serum Diagnosis of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19978023
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978024
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978025
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978027
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978026
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978028
TI  - Discussion on the Need for Research in Ante-natal Pathology.

PMID- 19978029
TI  - Endothelioma of Uterus.

PMID- 19978030
TI  - Partial Development of a Placenta on the Decidua Capsularis and Implantation on a
      Submucous Fibromyoma.

PMID- 19978031
TI  - Fibroid Uterus with Red Degeneration and with Early Gestation.

PMID- 19978032
TI  - Uterus with Multiple Fibroids showing Gestation Sac situated over internal Os
      (Placenta Praevia) and Empty Decidual Cavity in Upper Half of Uterus.

PMID- 19978033
TI  - Foetal Bones removed from the Uterus Three Years after a Miscarriage.

PMID- 19978035
TI  - Volvulus of the Caecum occurring in Connexion with Labour.

PMID- 19978034
TI  - Intussusception through a Gastro-enterostomy Wound occurring during Labour.

PMID- 19978036
TI  - The AEtiology of Eclampsia and Albuminuria and their Relation to Accidental
      Haemorrhage: (An Anatomical and Experimental Investigation.).

PMID- 19978037
TI  - Thoracopagus approaching to Prozygosis (Prosopothoracopagus).

PMID- 19978038
TI  - A Lithopaedion removed from a Patient Six Months Pregnant.

PMID- 19978039
TI  - A very Young Human Embryo found embedded in a "Decidual Cast" of the Uterus.

PMID- 19978041
TI  - The Subdivisions of Chronic Metritis.

PMID- 19978040
TI  - So-called Chronic Metritis in a Nullipara.

PMID- 19978042
TI  - Labour obstructed by Carcinoma of the Cervix without previous Symptoms.

PMID- 19978043
TI  - Adeno-carcinoma of the Fundus Uteri.

PMID- 19978044
TI  - Fibromyoma Uteri complicating a Columnar-celled Carcinoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19978045
TI  - Pregnancy with Utero-rectal Adenomyoma, with Extensive Decidual Metaplasia.

PMID- 19978046
TI  - Migratory Adenomyomata of the Uterus.

PMID- 19978047
TI  - Note on a Case of (?) Absence of the Internal Genitalia.

PMID- 19978049
TI  - Adnexal Tuberculosis: A Study of Twenty-three Cases.

PMID- 19978048
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease: A Paper Introductory to a
      Discussion on the Subject.

PMID- 19978050
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978052
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978051
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978053
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978055
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978054
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978056
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978058
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978057
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978059
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978060
TI  - Discussion on the Relation of the Internal Secretions to the Female
      Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978061
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19978063
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis twice Cured by the Removal of Septic Teeth.

PMID- 19978062
TI  - The Conservative Treatment of the Pulp.

PMID- 19978064
TI  - Congenital Absence of Maxillary Teeth.

PMID- 19978065
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Stanley Mummery's Paper, "The Conservative Treatment of the
      Pulp".

PMID- 19978066
TI  - Oral Sepsis as a Predisposing Cause of Cancer.

PMID- 19978068
TI  - Dental Sepsis from the Point of View of the Physician.

PMID- 19978067
TI  - A Note on the Pathology of Cancer of the Tongue.

PMID- 19978069
TI  - On Dentigerous Cysts.

PMID- 19978070
TI  - A Patient showing a Follicular Odontome and Three Dental Cysts.

PMID- 19978071
TI  - An All-metal Anti-mouth-breathing Valve.

PMID- 19978073
TI  - Congenital Absence of Teeth.

PMID- 19978072
TI  - An Apparatus for Producing and Maintaining a State of General Analgesia, for
      Conservative Dental Operations, by means of a Regulated Flow of Nitrous Oxide and
      Oxygen.

PMID- 19978074
TI  - Report on the Additions to the Museum during the Past Year.

PMID- 19978076
TI  - A Casualty of Extraction.

PMID- 19978075
TI  - Some Skulls in the Bronze Age.

PMID- 19978077
TI  - A Fatal Case of Thrombosis following Extraction of Teeth.

PMID- 19978079
TI  - Injury to Left Ear.

PMID- 19978078
TI  - On the Production of Narrow Jaws by the Mastication of Tough and Fibrous Foods:
      (Synopsis of Communication.).

PMID- 19978081
TI  - A New Eustachian Bougie.

PMID- 19978080
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen from a Case of Malignant Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19978082
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis, with Pyaemia.

PMID- 19978084
TI  - Mastoiditis without Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane.

PMID- 19978083
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis and Paralysis of External Rectus.

PMID- 19978085
TI  - Acute Purulent Otitis Media, with Signs of Acute Labyrinthitis; Recovery without
      Labyrinth Operation.

PMID- 19978086
TI  - Malignant Disease of the External Ear, with Extensive Invasion of Temporal Bone;
      Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19978087
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19978088
TI  - An Uncommon Form of Malignant Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19978089
TI  - Patient after Operation for Aural Vertigo.

PMID- 19978090
TI  - Demonstration of Photographs showing Sound Waves as produced by various Musical
      Instruments.

PMID- 19978091
TI  - Haematoma Auris; Operative Treatment.

PMID- 19978092
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978093
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Abscess of Lateral Cerebellar Lobe. Recovery
      after repeated Operations.

PMID- 19978095
TI  - Congenital Imperforate Meatus.

PMID- 19978094
TI  - Herpes Zoster of the Auricle and Mastoid Region.

PMID- 19978096
TI  - Microscopical Section through a Right Temporal Bone from a Case of Lateral Sinus
      Thrombosis, to show Infection spreading through a Small Vessel in the Bone.

PMID- 19978097
TI  - Left-sided Cerebello-pontine Lesion, probably Tumour.

PMID- 19978098
TI  - Sero-purulent Lepto-meningitis with Rapid Recovery after the Trans-labyrinthine
      Operation.

PMID- 19978100
TI  - Improvement in Hearing in a Congenitally Deaf Boy.

PMID- 19978099
TI  - Serial Microscopic Sections of the Labyrinth and Middle Ear, showing Ankylosis of
      the Stapes; Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19978101
TI  - Deformities of both External Ears in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19978103
TI  - Specimen of Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19978102
TI  - Uncapping the External Semicircular Canal for Meniere's Symptoms; Complete Relief
      for Three Months.

PMID- 19978104
TI  - Nerve Deafness associated with Anaemia.

PMID- 19978105
TI  - Fracture of the Base of the Skull with an Unusual Appearance of the Drum observed
      some Months after the Injury.

PMID- 19978106
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Mastoid.

PMID- 19978108
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen of a Radical Mastoid Operation performed Six Months before
      Death.

PMID- 19978107
TI  - Case of Ossiculectomy.

PMID- 19978110
TI  - Haematoma Auris.

PMID- 19978109
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen of Malignant Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19978111
TI  - Demonstration of Microscopical Specimens.

PMID- 19978113
TI  - Method of dealing with Auditory Meatus to secure Easy Application of Drainage
      tube and Inspection of the Cavity.

PMID- 19978112
TI  - Hyperostosis of Skull and Exostosis of the Right Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19978114
TI  - Primary Tuberculosis of the Ear.

PMID- 19978115
TI  - Stenosis of External Auditory Meatus; (?) Result of Middle-ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19978116
TI  - Congenital Deformity of Left Tragus and Corresponding Half of the Face.

PMID- 19978117
TI  - Double Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19978118
TI  - Bilateral Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess in a Girl, aged 16; Operations; Recovery.

PMID- 19978119
TI  - Anatomical Preparations of the Temporal Bone, in situ.

PMID- 19978121
TI  - Presidential Address: The Nature and Degree of Specific Differences amongst
      Bacteria.

PMID- 19978120
TI  - Trichophyton Granuloma affecting the Auricle and other Parts of the Body.

PMID- 19978122
TI  - The Lesions of the Kidney in Ulcerative Endocarditis.

PMID- 19978123
TI  - Eleidoma.

PMID- 19978124
TI  - Electrically induced Changes in the Colon Bacilli in vivo and in Pure Cultures.

PMID- 19978125
TI  - A Method for Testing the Sugar Reactions of Bacteria.

PMID- 19978126
TI  - Pseudo-tuberculosis Hyalina Testis; and Tuberculoid Pneumonoconiosis.

PMID- 19978127
TI  - A Case of Obliteration of the Hepatic Duct, with Patent Hepato-cystic Duct;
      Recurrent Jaundice ending Fatally.

PMID- 19978128
TI  - The Primary Cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19978129
TI  - The Pathogenicity of the Organisms isolated from Non-ulcerating Cancerous
      Growths.

PMID- 19978130
TI  - The Pathological Changes of the Thyroid in Disease.

PMID- 19978131
TI  - Infection: Paths of Spread in Bacterial Infection.

PMID- 19978132
TI  - The Changes which occur in Malignant Tumours on Exposure to the Gamma-rays of
      Radium.

PMID- 19978133
TI  - Case of Tachycardia.

PMID- 19978134
TI  - An Apparatus for the Administration of Ether in Nose and Throat Operations.

PMID- 19978135
TI  - A Review of Inquests concerning Deaths during Anaesthesia, 1910-1913.

PMID- 19978136
TI  - Intratracheal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978137
TI  - Intratracheal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978138
TI  - Some Impressions of Anoci-association.

PMID- 19978139
TI  - Intratracheal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978140
TI  - Physiological Observations upon Intratracheal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978141
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978142
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978143
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978144
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978145
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978146
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978147
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978148
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978149
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978150
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978151
TI  - Discussion on Posture in relation to General Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978152
TI  - Sudden Death under Light Chloroform Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978153
TI  - Some Points in the Technique of Anoci-association.

PMID- 19978154
TI  - Working-class Home Conditions in London.

PMID- 19978155
TI  - Malaria in Cyprus and Greece.

PMID- 19978156
TI  - On Changes in the Recorded Mortality from Cancer and their Possible
      Interpretation.

PMID- 19978158
TI  - Notes on the Prevalence of Tuberculosis in India.

PMID- 19978157
TI  - An Outbreak of Food Poisoning caused by the Bacillus enteritidis of Gaertner in
      Milk.

PMID- 19978159
TI  - The Mortality from Phthisis: A Statistical Investigation having bearing upon the
      Question of Personal Communicability.

PMID- 19978160
TI  - Tuberculosis Statistics: Some Difficulties in the Presentation of Facts bearing
      on the Tuberculosis Problem in a Suitable Form for Statistical Purposes.

PMID- 19978161
TI  - Stillbirths: The Case for their Compulsory Registration and their Definition.

PMID- 19978162
TI  - St. Hildegard.

PMID- 19978163
TI  - A Note on Nathaniel Highmore, M.D. [1613-1685], and his Memorial Tablet in Purse
      Caundle Church, Dorset.

PMID- 19978164
TI  - The Medicine of the Babylonians and Assyrians.

PMID- 19978165
TI  - Martial and Medicine.

PMID- 19978166
TI  - Some Healing Wells and Waters, with a Suggestion as to the Origin of the Votive
      Offering: Summary.

PMID- 19978167
TI  - Art and Epigram regarding Science and Medicine in relation to Death.

PMID- 19978168
TI  - Some Physiological Phantasies of Third Century Repute.

PMID- 19978169
TI  - A Relic of the King's Evil in the Surgeon-General's Library (Washington, D.C.).

PMID- 19978170
TI  - Account of a Group of Medical and Surgical Instruments found at Kolophon.

PMID- 19978171
TI  - Dr. Thomas Spens: The First Describer of the Stokes-Adams Syndrome.

PMID- 19978172
TI  - Notes on the Early History of Microscopy.

PMID- 19978173
TI  - Suggested Scheme for the Restoration of the Tomb of Avicenna.

PMID- 19978174
TI  - The Medical Aspects of the Greek Anthology: Part I.

PMID- 19978175
TI  - The Medical Aspects of the Greek Anthology: Part II.

PMID- 19978176
TI  - Health Temples in Ancient Greece and the Work carried on in them.

PMID- 19978177
TI  - On Roman Medicine and Roman Medical Inscriptions found in Britain.

PMID- 19978178
TI  - The Medical Education and Qualifications of Oliver Goldsmith.

PMID- 19978179
TI  - Two Early Eighteenth Century Treatises on Tropical Medicine.

PMID- 19978180
TI  - Brawny Scleritis.

PMID- 19978181
TI  - Some Instances of Disease in the Animal Eye.

PMID- 19978182
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978183
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978184
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978185
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978187
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978186
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978188
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978190
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978189
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978191
TI  - Traumatic Enophthalmos, with X-ray Photographs, showing Bony Deformity.

PMID- 19978192
TI  - Bottle Specimen, showing an Early Stage in Intra-ocular Suppuration.

PMID- 19978193
TI  - Congenital Post-nuclear Opacity of the Lens.

PMID- 19978194
TI  - Pathological Observations on the Filtration Angle in some Glaucoma Cases.

PMID- 19978195
TI  - Herbert's Short-flap Operation for Glaucoma.

PMID- 19978196
TI  - The Ideal Glaucoma Incision.

PMID- 19978198
TI  - West's Intranasal Operation for Dacryocystitis.

PMID- 19978197
TI  - A Variable Flap Operation for Chronic Glaucoma.

PMID- 19978199
TI  - Supernumerary Punctum Lachrymale and Canaliculus.

PMID- 19978200
TI  - Double Detachment of the Retina in a Boy with Albuminuria; (?) Functional.

PMID- 19978201
TI  - Crater-like Hole on the Disk.

PMID- 19978202
TI  - Six Ruptures of the Choroid in One Eye, including Two between the Disk and the
      Macula; Vision 6/6.

PMID- 19978203
TI  - Cases of Keratoconus (Conical Cornea).

PMID- 19978205
TI  - Traumatic Dislocation of the Lens.

PMID- 19978204
TI  - Optic Neuritis with Symmetrical Loss of the Lower Portion of the Field associated
      with Diabetes.

PMID- 19978206
TI  - Piece of Steel in the Vitreous.

PMID- 19978207
TI  - Detachment of Retina due to a Band in the Vitreous following the Extraction of a
      Piece of Steel.

PMID- 19978208
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Keratoconus (Conical Cornea).

PMID- 19978209
TI  - Rupture of the Optic Nerve at the Lamina Cribrosa.

PMID- 19978210
TI  - Small Superficial White Rings on the Cornea.

PMID- 19978211
TI  - Ectasia of Cornea Four Years after Perforating Wound.

PMID- 19978213
TI  - Staphyloma posticum verum.

PMID- 19978212
TI  - The Treatment of Lachrymal Stenosis.

PMID- 19978214
TI  - Two Cases of Rodent Ulcer treated with CO(2) Snow.

PMID- 19978215
TI  - Infiltration in and around the Capsule of Tenon.

PMID- 19978216
TI  - Congenital Opacity and Microphthalmos.

PMID- 19978217
TI  - Specimens of Experimental Glasses prepared by Sir William Crookes, O.M., P.R.S.

PMID- 19978219
TI  - Double Tubercular Iritis.

PMID- 19978218
TI  - Rupture of Choroid in a Myope, following Labour.

PMID- 19978220
TI  - An Operation to Improve the Effect of an Artificial Eye.

PMID- 19978221
TI  - Iritis-Rheumatic and Toxaemic.

PMID- 19978222
TI  - Central Unilateral Retinitis.

PMID- 19978224
TI  - Choroiditis commencing as a Ring surrounding the Macula.

PMID- 19978223
TI  - Congenital Diffuse Non-inflammatory Corneal Opacity in Two Sisters.

PMID- 19978225
TI  - Nodular Opacity of the Cornea.

PMID- 19978226
TI  - Chronic Brawny Episcleritis.

PMID- 19978227
TI  - Irido-cyclitis occurring as an Early Symptom of Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma
      gambiense).

PMID- 19978229
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978228
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978230
TI  - Massive Exudate between Retina and Choroid.

PMID- 19978231
TI  - Tumour of the Choroid.

PMID- 19978232
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978234
TI  - Complete Persistent Hyaloid Artery.

PMID- 19978233
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978235
TI  - Sympathetic Ophthalmia from which a Secondary Cataract had been removed after the
      Administration of Salvarsan.

PMID- 19978237
TI  - Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice.

PMID- 19978236
TI  - Severe Post-operative Plastic Irido-cyclitis treated by Neo-salvarsan.

PMID- 19978239
TI  - Discussion on the above Paper by Dr. Devine and on Dr. Rows's Paper on "The
      Importance of Disturbances of the Personality in Mental Disorders".

PMID- 19978238
TI  - A Case of Pellagra with Insanity.

PMID- 19978240
TI  - Korsakoff's Disease, with Systematized Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978241
TI  - Arteriopathic Dementia exhibiting Apraxia.

PMID- 19978242
TI  - Case of Hypopituitarism.

PMID- 19978244
TI  - ? Dementia Paranoides.

PMID- 19978243
TI  - ? Anxiety Hysteria.

PMID- 19978246
TI  - Acute Confusional Insanity; Synaptic Resistance reduced by a Hypodermic of
      Strychnine.

PMID- 19978248
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: (?) Dementia Praecox.

PMID- 19978247
TI  - ? General Paralysis of the Insane.

PMID- 19978249
TI  - Further Observations on the Influence of Toxins on the Central Nervous System.

PMID- 19978250
TI  - The Concept of Insanity.

PMID- 19978251
TI  - The Leucocytozoon Syphilidis in General Paralysis of the Insane.

PMID- 19978252
TI  - The Importance of Disturbances of the Personality in Mental Disorders.

PMID- 19978253
TI  - The Definition of the Sexual Instinct.

PMID- 19978254
TI  - The Biological Significance of Delusions.

PMID- 19978255
TI  - Two Cases of Infantilism.

PMID- 19978256
TI  - Three Cases of Under-development.

PMID- 19978257
TI  - Congenital Deficiency of Vertebrae and Ribs.

PMID- 19978258
TI  - Hereditary Blue Sclerotics and Brittle Bones.

PMID- 19978259
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19978260
TI  - Two Cases of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19978261
TI  - Spastic Diplegia.

PMID- 19978262
TI  - Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19978263
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19978264
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease.

PMID- 19978265
TI  - Subcutaneous Injury to the Median Nerve at the Elbow.

PMID- 19978266
TI  - Congenital Torticollis.

PMID- 19978267
TI  - Specimen of Cirrhotic Liver with Perihepatitis.

PMID- 19978268
TI  - Specimen of Tuberculous Kidney removed from a Child, aged 3 Years.

PMID- 19978269
TI  - Specimen of Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19978270
TI  - Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19978271
TI  - Arthritis of the Left Shoulder-joint occurring subsequently to Pulmonary Disease.

PMID- 19978272
TI  - Pneumonia and Encephalitis Cerebelli.

PMID- 19978274
TI  - Mongolian Blue Spots.

PMID- 19978273
TI  - Cubitus Varus following Fracture of the Lower End of the Humerus.

PMID- 19978275
TI  - Syphilitic Cirrhosis of the Liver; Ascites; Talma-Morison Operation; Arthritis of
      the Knee.

PMID- 19978276
TI  - Enlargement of the Spleen.

PMID- 19978277
TI  - Partial Paralysis of the Abdominal Muscles due to Infantile Paralysis.

PMID- 19978278
TI  - Benzol in the Treatment of Lymphatic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19978279
TI  - Enlargement of the Liver and Spleen associated with Jaundice.

PMID- 19978280
TI  - Case showing Bilateral Hare-lip, without Cleft Palate, and also Congenital
      Bilateral Mucous Fistulae in the Lower Lip.

PMID- 19978281
TI  - Auricular Flutter in Acute Rheumatic Carditis.

PMID- 19978282
TI  - Congenital Insufficiency of Ocular and Facial Movements.

PMID- 19978283
TI  - Acute Partial Heart-block.

PMID- 19978284
TI  - Specimen showing Part of a Hydatid Cyst of the Brain of a Boy, aged 10 Years.

PMID- 19978285
TI  - Mongolian Imbecility.

PMID- 19978286
TI  - Spina Bifida Occulta.

PMID- 19978287
TI  - Congenital Defect, Sixth and Seventh Cranial Nerves.

PMID- 19978288
TI  - A Case of Cretinism.

PMID- 19978290
TI  - Injury to the Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve.

PMID- 19978289
TI  - Osteoperiostitis of the Tubercle of the Tibia.

PMID- 19978291
TI  - Old Injury to Elbow.

PMID- 19978293
TI  - Abnormal Development and Fragility of the Bones.

PMID- 19978292
TI  - Case of Tremor.

PMID- 19978294
TI  - Case of Multiple Arthritis for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978295
TI  - Nervous Cretinism.

PMID- 19978296
TI  - ? Cerebellar Encephalitis.

PMID- 19978297
TI  - A Familial Case of Splenomegalic Anaemia with Infantilism.

PMID- 19978299
TI  - Tumour, for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978298
TI  - Fatal Haemoptysis in a Child, aged 4 Years.

PMID- 19978300
TI  - "Siamese" Twins.

PMID- 19978301
TI  - Two Cases of Paralysis of the Cervical Sympathetic following Delivery by Forceps.

PMID- 19978302
TI  - Wound of the Ciliary Body, with threatening of Sympathetic Ophthalmitis.

PMID- 19978303
TI  - Congenital Dislocation of Right Humerus.

PMID- 19978304
TI  - Congenital Dislocation of Right Radius.

PMID- 19978306
TI  - Tuberculosis treated by Trypsin.

PMID- 19978305
TI  - Infantile Paralysis of Early Onset, with Unusual Deformities.

PMID- 19978307
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Paralysis.

PMID- 19978308
TI  - Case of Asthma.

PMID- 19978309
TI  - Mongolism, with Alopecia.

PMID- 19978310
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978311
TI  - Extra-pleural Lipoma from a Child, aged 6 Years.

PMID- 19978312
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978313
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978314
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978315
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978316
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978317
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978318
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978319
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978320
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978322
TI  - Case of Cephalhaematoma.

PMID- 19978321
TI  - Discussion on Status Lymphaticus.

PMID- 19978323
TI  - Specimen of Diphtheria of Trachea and Bronchi.

PMID- 19978324
TI  - Boy, aged 5 Years, with Two Femoral Herniae.

PMID- 19978325
TI  - Notes of a Case of Anomalous Development.

PMID- 19978327
TI  - Nervous Cretinism.

PMID- 19978326
TI  - Recrudescent Rickets with Tuberculosis and Infantilism.

PMID- 19978328
TI  - Bilateral Congenital Hip in Twins.

PMID- 19978329
TI  - Skiagrams of a Case of Dactylar Deformity from Amniotic Bands.

PMID- 19978330
TI  - Case of Jaw-winking.

PMID- 19978331
TI  - Mesenteric Cyst simulating an Intussusception.

PMID- 19978332
TI  - Two Cases of Dermatitis Herpetiformis treated by Counter-irritation.

PMID- 19978333
TI  - Anterior Poliomyelitis; Paralysis of Abdominal Muscles; Collapse of Lung.

PMID- 19978334
TI  - Enlargement of the Liver with Ascites.

PMID- 19978335
TI  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta, illustrating High Fever after a Fracture in which the
      Fragments were not displaced.

PMID- 19978336
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. Congenital Morbus Cordis or Erythraemia (?).

PMID- 19978337
TI  - Three Cases of Alopecia Areata in Children in the same Family.

PMID- 19978338
TI  - Ununited Fracture of Neck of Femur; Operation after Eight Years; Result.

PMID- 19978339
TI  - Osteo-periostitis of Upper End of Femur.

PMID- 19978340
TI  - Two Sisters with Deformity of Bones and Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19978341
TI  - Constriction of Arm by Amniotic Bands.

PMID- 19978342
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978343
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978345
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978344
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978346
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978347
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978348
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Boy.

PMID- 19978349
TI  - Hemiplegia with very Extensive Naevus.

PMID- 19978350
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978351
TI  - Discussion on Enlargement of the Spleen in Children.

PMID- 19978352
TI  - Athetoid Movements in both Hands.

PMID- 19978353
TI  - Case of Kala-azar.

PMID- 19978354
TI  - Malaria in an Infant.

PMID- 19978356
TI  - Case of Polio-encephalitis.

PMID- 19978355
TI  - Abnormal Cysts on Shoulders.

PMID- 19978357
TI  - Specimen of Double Hydro-ureter (Congenital) in an Infant.

PMID- 19978358
TI  - ? Insufficiency of Endocrinic Glands.

PMID- 19978359
TI  - Lymphocytic Leukaemia under Treatment by Benzol.

PMID- 19978361
TI  - Fracture of an Incisor Tooth; Dental Cyst.

PMID- 19978360
TI  - Deformity of the Spine of (?) Congenital Origin.

PMID- 19978362
TI  - An Unusual Case of Jaundice, with Specimens (Subacute Yellow Atrophy of Liver).

PMID- 19978363
TI  - Two Cases of Transitory Diabetes Insipidus.

PMID- 19978364
TI  - Incurvate Little Fingers in an Afro-Aryan Child.

PMID- 19978365
TI  - Extensive, Cicatricial, Pharyngeal Diaphragm following Scarlatina.

PMID- 19978366
TI  - Pre-adolescent Dyspituitarism.

PMID- 19978367
TI  - Cyst of the Caecum in a Child, aged 3 Months, causing Intestinal Obstruction;
      Resection of Intestine; Recovery.

PMID- 19978368
TI  - Enlargement of the Mammary Gland in a Boy, aged 10(1/2) Years.

PMID- 19978370
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous Cysts in the Arms.

PMID- 19978369
TI  - ? Kernikterus associated with Choreiform Movements.

PMID- 19978372
TI  - Neoplasm of the Sigmoid Flexure.

PMID- 19978371
TI  - ? Serous Apoplexy.

PMID- 19978373
TI  - Subacute Nephritis with Ascites and Uraemia.

PMID- 19978374
TI  - Congenital Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19978375
TI  - So-called Congenital Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus.

PMID- 19978377
TI  - A Case for Diagnosis; Pathological Condition of Hip.

PMID- 19978376
TI  - Urticaria followed by OEdema in an Infant, aged 2 Months.

PMID- 19978378
TI  - Ocular Torticollis.

PMID- 19978379
TI  - The Selection of the Incision in Coeliotomy.

PMID- 19978380
TI  - Endothelioma of the Breast.

PMID- 19978381
TI  - An Apparatus for the Reduction of some Deformities of the Joints, with Special
      Reference to the Knee.

PMID- 19978383
TI  - Congenital Fusion of the Upper End of the Radius to the Ulna.

PMID- 19978382
TI  - Two Cases of Paralysis of the Serratus Magnus, with Deformity of an Unusual Type.

PMID- 19978384
TI  - Hysterical Lateral Curvature.

PMID- 19978385
TI  - Double Coxa Vara, Infantile Type, in a Girl, aged 3.

PMID- 19978386
TI  - Old Injury to the Wrist.

PMID- 19978387
TI  - Two Cases of Amputation at the Ankle for Long-standing Talipes Equino-varus by a
      Method which leaves the Heel Intact.

PMID- 19978388
TI  - A Method of Access to the Hip-joint.

PMID- 19978389
TI  - Discussion on Nephropexy and its Results.

PMID- 19978390
TI  - Discussion on Nephropexy and its Results.

PMID- 19978391
TI  - Discussion on Nephropexy and its Results.

PMID- 19978392
TI  - Discussion on Nephropexy and its Results.

PMID- 19978393
TI  - Discussion on Nephropexy and its Results.

PMID- 19978394
TI  - Results of Nephropexy at London Hospitals.

PMID- 19978395
TI  - Discussion on Nephropexy and its Results.

PMID- 19978396
TI  - Operative Reduction of Dislocation of the Elbow.

PMID- 19978397
TI  - Two Cases of Talipes Calcaneo-valgus treated by Whitman's Operation.

PMID- 19978398
TI  - Congenital Dislocation of the Left Hip; Reduction by Open Operation Ten and a
      Quarter Years Ago; Cure.

PMID- 19978399
TI  - Pyelo-radiography: A Clinical Study: With Pathological Reports by Hubert M.
      Turnbull, M.D.; Skiagrams by S. Gilbert Scott; and Experimental Studies by E. C.
      Lindsay, F.R.C.S.

PMID- 19978400
TI  - Left Talipes Calcaneus to show the After-result of the Robert Jones Operation.

PMID- 19978401
TI  - Congenital Absence of Tibiae.

PMID- 19978402
TI  - The Thyreoglossal Tract.

PMID- 19978403
TI  - On the most Efficient Method of Drainage in Septic Peritonitis, and for its
      Prevention in Immediate Suture of Perforated Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers, &c.

PMID- 19978404
TI  - Some Points relating to the Surgical Anatomy of the Arterial Supply of the Large
      Intestine.

PMID- 19978405
TI  - Case and Specimen of Multiple Polypi of the Colon becoming Carcinomatous.

PMID- 19978406
TI  - Multiple Adenomata, associated with Columnar Carcinoma of the Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19978407
TI  - Multiple Polypi of Rectum and Colon.

PMID- 19978408
TI  - Transplantation of a Segment of Small Intestine to Repair the Resected Sigmoid
      Flexure.

PMID- 19978409
TI  - A Specimen of Inoperable Carcinoma of the Rectum removed Post Mortem from a
      Woman, aged 21.

PMID- 19978410
TI  - Calve's Pseudo-coxalgia.

PMID- 19978411
TI  - Bilateral Charcot's Disease of the Tarsus.

PMID- 19978412
TI  - Recovered Birth Paralysis with Residual Subluxation of the Shoulder-joint.

PMID- 19978413
TI  - Macrodactyly with Anterior Metatarsalgia.

PMID- 19978414
TI  - Ankylosis of the Temporo-maxillary Joint.

PMID- 19978415
TI  - Scoliosis associated with Primary Myopathy.

PMID- 19978416
TI  - Talipes Equino-valgus of Doubtful Origin.

PMID- 19978417
TI  - Scoliosis of Functional Character.

PMID- 19978418
TI  - Poliomyelitis of Extensive Distribution with Dislocation of the Left Hip.

PMID- 19978419
TI  - Gastro-jejunostomy: The Principles which should determine its Application, and
      the Indications for its Use.

PMID- 19978421
TI  - Three Cases of Multiple Polypi of the Rectum and Large Intestine.

PMID- 19978420
TI  - The Relation between Ducts and Acini to Cysts and Cancer of the Breast.

PMID- 19978422
TI  - Epithelioma starting in the seat of a Chronic Fissure of the Anus.

PMID- 19978423
TI  - Two Cases of Total Excision for Complete Procidentia of the Rectum.

PMID- 19978424
TI  - Four Cases illustrating Results of Abdomino-perineal Excision of the Rectum for
      Cancer.

PMID- 19978425
TI  - Notes on a Case of Diverticulitis of the Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19978426
TI  - Two Specimens illustrating Diverticulitis of the Large Intestine.

PMID- 19978427
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Diverticulitis of Large Intestine, followed by
      Carcinoma.

PMID- 19978428
TI  - Four Cases of Rectal Polypus occurring in One Family.

PMID- 19978429
TI  - Haematoma of the Broad Ligament simulating Sarcoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19978430
TI  - Kinked Ureter.

PMID- 19978431
TI  - Note on Two Cases of Intradural Spinal Tumours.

PMID- 19978432
TI  - Cancer Implantation.

PMID- 19978434
TI  - On the Use of Small Bone Fragments in Ununited Fracture.

PMID- 19978433
TI  - Multiple Adenomata of the Colon and Rectum.

PMID- 19978435
TI  - Breast Tumours.

PMID- 19978436
TI  - Ureteral Calculi.

PMID- 19978437
TI  - The Radiographic Technique in Pyelo-radiography.

PMID- 19978438
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19978439
TI  - Report and Remarks on a Small Epidemic of Poliomyelitis occurring in the
      Neighbourhood of Deddington, Oxfordshire.

PMID- 19978441
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Frank Kidd's Paper on Pyelo-radiography.

PMID- 19978440
TI  - Relaxation of the Sacro-iliac Joint.

PMID- 19978442
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Frank Kidd's Paper on Pyelo-radiography.

PMID- 19978444
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Frank Kidd's Paper on Pyelo-radiography.

PMID- 19978443
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Frank Kidd's Paper on Pyelo-radiography.

PMID- 19978445
TI  - Round-celled Sarcoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19978446
TI  - Case of Haemorrhagic Proctitis.

PMID- 19978447
TI  - Recto-uterine Fistula.

PMID- 19978448
TI  - Entire Caecum and Colon removed by Operation in a Case of very Severe Auto
      intoxication.

PMID- 19978449
TI  - A New Method of Administering Saline after Abdomino-perineal Excision of the
      Rectum.

PMID- 19978450
TI  - Haemorrhagic Proctitis, with Notes of Cases.

PMID- 19978451
TI  - Brachial Arteriovenous Aneurysm treated by Vascular Suture.

PMID- 19978452
TI  - The Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Ruptured Intestine.

PMID- 19978453
TI  - Discussion on Diseases due to Deficiencies in Diet.

PMID- 19978454
TI  - Discussion on Diseases due to Deficiencies in Diet.

PMID- 19978455
TI  - Diabetic Gangrene and Excretion of Calcium.

PMID- 19978456
TI  - On Uniformity of Doses.

PMID- 19978457
TI  - Discussion on the Therapeutic Value of Hormones.

PMID- 19978458
TI  - Discussion on the Therapeutic Value of Hormones.

PMID- 19978459
TI  - Discussion on the Therapeutic Value of Hormones.

PMID- 19978460
TI  - Discussion on the Therapeutic Value of Hormones.

PMID- 19978462
TI  - The Dosage of Drugs, Toxins and Antitoxins.

PMID- 19978461
TI  - Recent Researches on Emetine and its Value as a Therapeutic Agent in Amoebiasis
      and other Diseases.

PMID- 19978463
TI  - Discussion on Diseases due to Deficiencies in Diet.

PMID- 19978464
TI  - Discussion on Diseases due to Deficiencies in Diet.

PMID- 19978465
TI  - Presidential Address: Old London's Spas, Baths, and Wells.

PMID- 19978466
TI  - Discussion on the Value of Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers. The Value of
      Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers.

PMID- 19978467
TI  - Discussion on the Value of Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers. The Value of
      Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers.

PMID- 19978468
TI  - Discussion on the Value of Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers. The Value of
      Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers.

PMID- 19978469
TI  - Discussion on the Value of Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers. The Value of
      Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers.

PMID- 19978470
TI  - Discussion on the Value of Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers. The Value of
      Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers.

PMID- 19978471
TI  - Discussion on the Value of Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers. The Value of
      Medical Baths for Invalid Soldiers.

PMID- 19978473
TI  - Probable Injury of the Crucial Ligaments.

PMID- 19978472
TI  - The Teutonic Health Resorts and their Substitutes.

PMID- 19978474
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis; Chronic Bronchial Catarrh.

PMID- 19978475
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis; Tubercular Glands in the Neck.

PMID- 19978476
TI  - Severe Neuritis following Sepsis.

PMID- 19978477
TI  - Epithelioma of Alveolar Process of Mandible; Removal by Operation.

PMID- 19978478
TI  - Polyarthritis and Severe Neuritis.

PMID- 19978479
TI  - Hemi-obesity in an otherwise Healthy Girl, aged 12 Months.

PMID- 19978480
TI  - Retroperitoneal Prolapse of the Spleen into the Left Loin.

PMID- 19978481
TI  - Precordial Thoracostomy for Heart Disease.

PMID- 19978482
TI  - Achalasia of the Cardia (so-called Cardio-spasm).

PMID- 19978483
TI  - Gastric Ulcer; Spontaneous Gastro-jejunostomy; Perforation of Gastro-jejunal
      Ulcer; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19978484
TI  - Splenomegaly with Anaemia and Haemorrhages.

PMID- 19978485
TI  - Mediastinal Teratoma.

PMID- 19978486
TI  - Bronchiectasis treated by Ligature of Branch of Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19978487
TI  - Bronchiectasis treated by Rib Mobilization (Wilm's).

PMID- 19978489
TI  - "Fibrocystic Disease" of the Femur.

PMID- 19978488
TI  - Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica.

PMID- 19978491
TI  - So-called "Frost-bite.".

PMID- 19978490
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice; Splenectomy.

PMID- 19978492
TI  - Tumour of Neck; Obstruction of Superior Vena Cava.

PMID- 19978493
TI  - Non-syphilitic Arteritis Obliterans ("Thrombo-angiitis" of Leo Buerger), with
      Gangrene of Toes. Remarks on the Occasional Connexion with Traumata.

PMID- 19978494
TI  - Sclerodactylia of Feet, associated with Arteritis Obliterans and Gangrene of
      Toes.

PMID- 19978495
TI  - A Case of Acromegaly.

PMID- 19978496
TI  - The Morvan Type of Syringomyelia (?).

PMID- 19978497
TI  - Splenomegaly, with the Clinical Picture of Banti's Disease.

PMID- 19978498
TI  - Splenic Anaemia; Splenectomy.

PMID- 19978499
TI  - Double Osteotomy of Tibiae Ten Years after Operation.

PMID- 19978500
TI  - A Form of Self-mutilation of the Penis in Young Boys.

PMID- 19978501
TI  - Myositis Ossificans (Juvenile Progressive Type).

PMID- 19978502
TI  - Chronic Septic Papillomata.

PMID- 19978504
TI  - Parakeratosis Variegata.

PMID- 19978503
TI  - Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19978505
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19978507
TI  - Naevus Linearis.

PMID- 19978506
TI  - Lichen Planus of Unusual Chronicity.

PMID- 19978509
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis.

PMID- 19978508
TI  - (?) Xerodermia Pigmentosa of Anomalous Type; (? Sun Dermatitis).

PMID- 19978510
TI  - Two Cases of Alopecia in Children due to Over-dose of X-rays.

PMID- 19978512
TI  - Acarus from a Case of Copra Itch.

PMID- 19978511
TI  - Cotton-seed Dermatitis.

PMID- 19978513
TI  - Severe "Blood Mixture" Eruption in a Patient with Primary Syphilis.

PMID- 19978515
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? a Tuberculide).

PMID- 19978514
TI  - Erythema Induratum of Bazin.

PMID- 19978516
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978517
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum in an Adult.

PMID- 19978518
TI  - Macular Atrophy following a Secondary Syphilitic Eruption.

PMID- 19978520
TI  - Generalized Atrophic Sclerodermia with Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19978519
TI  - Linear Naevus in Mother and Child.

PMID- 19978521
TI  - Simultaneous Herpes Zoster of the Third and the Eighth Dorsal Segments of the
      Left Side in a Boy, aged 11.

PMID- 19978522
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19978523
TI  - Epithelioma of the Right Thigh.

PMID- 19978524
TI  - Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19978525
TI  - Yellow Picric Staining of the Skin.

PMID- 19978526
TI  - A Persistent Ulcer of the Plantar Surface of the Right Foot resulting from
      Exposures to X-rays.

PMID- 19978527
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans et Atrophicans.

PMID- 19978528
TI  - Multiple Soft Fibromata.

PMID- 19978529
TI  - Multiple Rodent Ulcers of the Left Cheek of Unusually Short Duration.

PMID- 19978530
TI  - Syphilitic Gummata in a Patient with Diabetes Insipidus.

PMID- 19978531
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978532
TI  - Cultures for a Case of Favus of Glabrous Skin.

PMID- 19978533
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19978535
TI  - Favus of Scalp and Trunk.

PMID- 19978534
TI  - Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19978536
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19978537
TI  - Cultures from a Case of Microsporon Tinea of the Scalp in an Adult.

PMID- 19978538
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19978539
TI  - Hallopeau's Pyodermite Vegetante.

PMID- 19978540
TI  - Subcutaneous Fibrous Nodules on the Face and Hands, for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978541
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19978542
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Hydroa Gestationis.

PMID- 19978543
TI  - Case of Pompholyx.

PMID- 19978544
TI  - Recurrent Bullous Eruption of the Hands and Feet (Acropompholyx).

PMID- 19978545
TI  - Three Cases of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19978546
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19978547
TI  - Chronic Septic Papilloma which had originated apparently in a Bullous Eruption.

PMID- 19978548
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19978549
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19978551
TI  - Recurrent Eruption on Buttocks and Thighs.

PMID- 19978550
TI  - Pemphigus in a Child.

PMID- 19978552
TI  - Spurious Erythromelalgia. Remarks on Non-syphilitic Arteritis Obliterans in Jews.

PMID- 19978554
TI  - Madura Foot.

PMID- 19978553
TI  - Lupus Exuberans with Miliary Lupus.

PMID- 19978555
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PEMPHIGOID ERUPTIONS.

PMID- 19978556
TI  - Cultures of Favus.

PMID- 19978557
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978558
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978559
TI  - Lymphatic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19978561
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19978560
TI  - Cultures (Trichophyton sulphureum) from a Case of Tinea Circinata.

PMID- 19978562
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978563
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978564
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978566
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus, with Atrophy; (?) Tuberculide.

PMID- 19978565
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978567
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978568
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978569
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978571
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978570
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978573
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978572
TI  - Keratodermia Blenorrhagica.

PMID- 19978574
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978575
TI  - Discussion on the Pemphigoid Eruptions.

PMID- 19978576
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides; Tumours appearing during X-ray Treatment.

PMID- 19978577
TI  - Acute Striae Atrophicae.

PMID- 19978578
TI  - Oriental Sore (after Treatment).

PMID- 19978579
TI  - Pigmentation of Skin for Diagnosis (? Arrested Addison's Disease).

PMID- 19978580
TI  - Morphoeic Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19978581
TI  - Extra-genital Primary Syphilis of the Wrist.

PMID- 19978582
TI  - Blue Tattooing of the Skin from Hypodermic Injections of Morphine.

PMID- 19978583
TI  - Congenital Sclerodermia and Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19978584
TI  - Hydroa AEstivalis.

PMID- 19978585
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; so-called Acne Agminata of Crocker.

PMID- 19978586
TI  - Lichen Planus Atrophicus, Sclerosus et Morphoeicus.

PMID- 19978587
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19978588
TI  - Lichen Planus Linearis.

PMID- 19978589
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Pellagra. ? Addison's Disease.

PMID- 19978590
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus and Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19978591
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19978592
TI  - Lichen Planus (Circinate and Atrophic).

PMID- 19978593
TI  - A Persistent Gyrate Eruption (Erythema Gyratum Perstans).

PMID- 19978594
TI  - Lupus Pernio.

PMID- 19978596
TI  - Multiple Inclusion Cysts of the Epidermis.

PMID- 19978595
TI  - Pigmentation around the Mouth in a Boy, aged 14.

PMID- 19978597
TI  - Atrophic Sclerodermia and Sclerodactylia, with Nodules of Calcification about the
      Left Shoulder.

PMID- 19978598
TI  - Peculiar Zoniform Naevus of the Right Upper Extremity.

PMID- 19978599
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19978600
TI  - Annular Lichen Planus in Two Sisters.

PMID- 19978601
TI  - ? Angioma Serpiginosum in a Woman.

PMID- 19978602
TI  - Dysidrosis and Dystrophy of Nails in a Patient with Graves's Disease.

PMID- 19978604
TI  - Peculiar Non-pigmented Soft Mole.

PMID- 19978603
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19978605
TI  - Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa (Lichen Spinulosus) in a Girl, aged 8.

PMID- 19978606
TI  - Psoriasis, Onychogryphosis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19978607
TI  - Lichen Plano-pilaris.

PMID- 19978609
TI  - Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19978608
TI  - Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19978610
TI  - Chronic Dermatitis of the Right Arm.

PMID- 19978612
TI  - Lichenous Eruption for Diagnosis (Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris).

PMID- 19978611
TI  - Case of Leprosy.

PMID- 19978613
TI  - Case of Angiokeratoma.

PMID- 19978614
TI  - Erythema Pernio; (?) Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19978615
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; Persistent Nodular Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19978617
TI  - Two Cases of Arrest of Growth of the Hair of the Scalp of Unexplained Causation.

PMID- 19978616
TI  - Case shown as Multiple Rodent Ulcer or (?) Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19978619
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; (?) Xantho-erythrodermia Perstans.

PMID- 19978618
TI  - Case of an Infective Granuloma of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19978620
TI  - Lichen Planus Hypertrophicus, with Excoriations, in a Woman, aged 56.

PMID- 19978621
TI  - Alopecia Areata of the Scalp and Left Eyelids in a Boy, aged 11.

PMID- 19978622
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of the Fingers, with Lupus Pernio on the Nose.

PMID- 19978623
TI  - Case of Sarcoid.

PMID- 19978624
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19978625
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19978627
TI  - Dry Gangrene of the Toes in an Infant.

PMID- 19978626
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris associated with Pregnancy.

PMID- 19978628
TI  - Bristle from Hair-brush with Ova of Hoematopinus suis.

PMID- 19978630
TI  - Sarcoma of the Skin, &c., secondary to Tumour of the Foot.

PMID- 19978629
TI  - Erythema Gyratum Recurrens.

PMID- 19978631
TI  - Ringworm of the Hand.

PMID- 19978632
TI  - Hyperidrosis of the Palms.

PMID- 19978633
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus.

PMID- 19978634
TI  - Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19978635
TI  - Parapsoriasis-en-plaques.

PMID- 19978636
TI  - Lymphadenoma with Glandular and Cutaneous Lesions.

PMID- 19978637
TI  - Multiple Tumours.

PMID- 19978638
TI  - Two Cases of Dermatitis Factitia.

PMID- 19978640
TI  - Favus of Glabrous Skin.

PMID- 19978639
TI  - Coccidiosis Avenerea, with Microscopic Specimens.

PMID- 19978642
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978641
TI  - Morphoeic Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19978643
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978645
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978644
TI  - Hernia of the Stomach through the Diaphragm in a Child, aged 9.

PMID- 19978647
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978646
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978648
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978649
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978650
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978651
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978652
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localisation of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978653
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978655
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978654
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978656
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978658
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978657
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978660
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978659
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978661
TI  - Discussion on New Methods for Localization of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19978662
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978663
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978664
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978665
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978666
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978667
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978668
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978669
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978670
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978671
TI  - Discussion on the Electrical Treatment of Wounds, Sinuses, Frost-bite, and
      Sprains, considered more particularly in relation to the Present War.

PMID- 19978672
TI  - Two Cases of Malignant Growth treated by Diathermy: (1) Carcinoma of Tongue; (2)
      Carcinomatous Ulcer of Cheek.

PMID- 19978673
TI  - Bacteria moving during Electrolysis; (2) Changes produced in Coli Bacilli after
      Electrolysis.

PMID- 19978674
TI  - The Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Tissues with the Aid of an X-ray Director.

PMID- 19978675
TI  - Electrodes for Diathermy and Static Treatment.

PMID- 19978676
TI  - Epidiascope Demonstration of Skiagrams demonstrating Bullet Injuries of Skull and
      other Wounds and Injuries, with Notes on Cases.

PMID- 19978677
TI  - Foreign Body in the Left Bronchus.

PMID- 19978678
TI  - Prints illustrating Diagnostic Points in New Growth of Lung, Hour-glass
      Contraction of Stomach, &c. Skiagrams of Dermoid Cyst containing Teeth and Hair.

PMID- 19978680
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19978679
TI  - A Note on a New Sign in the X-ray Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19978681
TI  - The late Dr. H. Lewis Jones.

PMID- 19978682
TI  - Report of the Sub-Committee on the Standardization of the Opaque Meal.

PMID- 19978683
TI  - Some Alimentary Canal Cases of Radiological Interest.

PMID- 19978685
TI  - Glycosuria in Chronic Intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19978684
TI  - Discussion on the Localization of Foreign Bodies (including Bullets, &c.) by
      means of X-rays.

PMID- 19978687
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19978686
TI  - Peptic Ulcer of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19978688
TI  - The Action of Drugs on Plants.

PMID- 19978689
TI  - Notes on Books.

PMID- 19978690
TI  - An Address on Wound Infections; and on some New Methods for the Study of the
      various Factors which come into consideration in their Treatment.

PMID- 19978691
TI  - Fracture-dislocation of Right Great Cornu of Hyoid Bone.

PMID- 19978692
TI  - Brain Abscess secondary to Frontal Sinus Suppuration; Drainage; Recovery.

PMID- 19978693
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978694
TI  - Malignant Tumour at Base of Tongue almost dispersed by Radium.

PMID- 19978695
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19978696
TI  - Bent Nose Straightened by Submucous Rotation of the Cartilaginous Septum.

PMID- 19978697
TI  - A Nasopharyngeal Fibroma removed through the Mouth without any Preliminary
      Operation.

PMID- 19978698
TI  - Growth in Maxillary Sinus extending into Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19978700
TI  - Patient suffering from Recurrent Columnar-celled Carcinoma of the Antrum.

PMID- 19978699
TI  - Further Notes on a Case of a Gentleman, aged 59, with Malignant Stricture of the
      OEsophagus.

PMID- 19978701
TI  - New Growth in Post-nasal Space.

PMID- 19978702
TI  - Halfpenny embedded in OEsophagus.

PMID- 19978703
TI  - Pharyngeal Fistula in an Old Man after Operation on Abscess in the Neck.

PMID- 19978704
TI  - Introductory Paper.

PMID- 19978705
TI  - Exhibit-German Cartridge with Bullet reversed.

PMID- 19978706
TI  - Two Cases of Functional Aphonia (one including Functional Deafness) following the
      Bursting of a Shell in close Proximity to the Patient.

PMID- 19978707
TI  - Functional Aphonia.

PMID- 19978708
TI  - Gunshot Wound of the Neck with Laryngeal Symptoms for Diagnosis and Opinions as
      to Treatment.

PMID- 19978709
TI  - Functional Aphonia.

PMID- 19978711
TI  - Two Cases of Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19978710
TI  - Laryngeal Stenosis following a Bayonet Wound treated by Intubation.

PMID- 19978712
TI  - Traumatic Fixation of both Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19978713
TI  - Shell Wound of Neck.

PMID- 19978714
TI  - Notes on the Case of a Soldier injured by a Horse's Kick.

PMID- 19978715
TI  - Tracheal Obstruction due to long latent Cervical Abscess following Wound by
      Shrapnel Fragment.

PMID- 19978716
TI  - Case of an Officer shot through the Neck.

PMID- 19978717
TI  - Bullet Wound in the Head.

PMID- 19978718
TI  - Two Cases of Intranasal Adhesions.

PMID- 19978719
TI  - Bullet in Pterygoid Region of Skull.

PMID- 19978720
TI  - Injury principally to Lower Face and Mandible.

PMID- 19978721
TI  - Case of an Officer shot through the Cartilaginous Part of the Nose.

PMID- 19978722
TI  - Aspergillosis of the Maxillary Antrum: (With Histological Report by S. G.
      Shattock, F.R.C.S.).

PMID- 19978723
TI  - Skiagrams of Frontal Sinuses operated on by Good's Method.

PMID- 19978724
TI  - Skiagram of Frontal Region, showing Symmetrical Fronto-ethmoidal Cells extending
      above Roof of Orbit.

PMID- 19978725
TI  - Intrinsic Epithelioma of the Larynx, suitable for Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19978726
TI  - Cases of Pulsating Elongated Swelling on Lateral Wall of Pharynx.

PMID- 19978727
TI  - Haemostatic Guillotine.

PMID- 19978729
TI  - Epithelioma of Right Tonsil.

PMID- 19978728
TI  - Deficient Tension of Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19978731
TI  - Diagrams (Lantern Slides) of Patients in whom the Inter-frontal Sinus Septum has
      been deliberately broken down by the Nasal Route so as to ensure more Complete
      Lavage for Double Frontal Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19978730
TI  - Extensive Papilloma of the Trachea.

PMID- 19978732
TI  - Carcinoma of Palate.

PMID- 19978733
TI  - Ulceration of Soft Palate and Tonsil.

PMID- 19978734
TI  - Meningitis due to Absorption of the Roof of the Ethmoidal Cells on the Right Side
      corresponding to the Posterior Half of the Crista Galli.

PMID- 19978735
TI  - Intrinsic Epithelioma of the Larynx One Month after Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19978736
TI  - Demonstration of Foreign Bodies removed from Air Passages.

PMID- 19978737
TI  - Inoperable Angio-fibroma; Maxillary Antral Sarcoma (?). (Microscopic Section).

PMID- 19978738
TI  - A Naso-antral or Choanal Polypus, upon the Posterior Surface of which is an Ulcer
      the Size of a Shilling.

PMID- 19978739
TI  - Retropharyngeal Swelling.

PMID- 19978740
TI  - Tuberculoma of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19978741
TI  - Two Cases of Injury to the Nose with subsequent Deformity.

PMID- 19978742
TI  - An Unusual Case of Enlarged Tonsils.

PMID- 19978743
TI  - Tubes of Soft Metal for Insertion into Nose after Submucous Resection.

PMID- 19978744
TI  - Laryngeal Disease of Obscure Nature.

PMID- 19978745
TI  - New Growth of Tonsil and Faucial Pillars, with Microscopic Specimen.

PMID- 19978746
TI  - A Note on the After-treatment of Cases of Submucous Resection of the Nasal Septum
      without the Use of Splints.

PMID- 19978747
TI  - Photographs of a Case of Chronic Lymphangitis of the Tissues covering the Nose;
      Hints as to Treatment desired.

PMID- 19978748
TI  - A Nasopharyngeal Fibroma enucleated by a Curved Dissector and the Finger.

PMID- 19978749
TI  - A Post-mortem Specimen of a Pituitary Cyst opened by the Killian-Hirsch
      Operation.

PMID- 19978750
TI  - Report of a Case of Sarcoma of the Pituitary Body treated by the Killian-Hirsch
      Operation.

PMID- 19978751
TI  - Post-mortem Specimens of a Malignant Growth of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19978752
TI  - Abnormal Overgrowth of Nose (Bulbous) in a Child, aged 2.

PMID- 19978753
TI  - Laryngeal Obstruction following Specific Infection in a Young Man.

PMID- 19978755
TI  - Report upon Sir StClair Thomson's Specimen of Laryngeal Growth, from case shown
      December, 1914.

PMID- 19978754
TI  - Fixation of Right Crico-arytaenoid Joint; (?) Traumatic.

PMID- 19978756
TI  - Dyspnoea, Perichondritis, Tumour (?) of the Mediastinum.

PMID- 19978757
TI  - Pachydermia Laryngis.

PMID- 19978758
TI  - Epithelioma of Pharynx and Tongue.

PMID- 19978759
TI  - Epithelioma of Left Tonsil and Adjacent Part of Tongue after Operation (Specimen
      shown).

PMID- 19978760
TI  - Epithelioma of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19978761
TI  - Bullet Wound of Pharynx, &c.

PMID- 19978762
TI  - Specimen and Skiagram of a Case of OEsophagotomy.

PMID- 19978763
TI  - Gunshot Wound of the Neck; Injury to Larynx, resulting in Formation of Web.

PMID- 19978764
TI  - Gunshot Wound of the Neck, with Extensive Injury to Larynx.

PMID- 19978765
TI  - Shrapnel Wound of the Neck; Injury to Buccal Cavity; Exit beneath Angle of Jaw on
      Opposite Side.

PMID- 19978766
TI  - Synechiae in the Nose treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19978767
TI  - Three Children illustrating Acute Suppuration of the Nasal Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19978768
TI  - Tuberculosis of Nasal Fossae.

PMID- 19978769
TI  - Tuberculous Ulcer of the Mouth.

PMID- 19978771
TI  - Male, aged 59, with Epithelioma of the OEsophagus, shown to illustrate the
      Benefits of Hill's Feeding Tube.

PMID- 19978770
TI  - Angeioma (Bleeding Polypus) of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19978772
TI  - X-ray Photographs illustrating the Thoracic Appearances in a Case of Left
      Recurrent Paralysis associated with Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19978773
TI  - Specimens of Superior Maxillae, exhibiting Abnormal Conditions of the Nasal
      Fossae and Maxillary Antra.

PMID- 19978774
TI  - Synechiae and Contraction of the Vestibules.

PMID- 19978775
TI  - Tuberculous Inferior Turbinate.

PMID- 19978776
TI  - Bullet Wound through Face; both Antra and Septum perforated; Operation.

PMID- 19978777
TI  - Subglottic (? Tracheal) Growth; Removal; Recovery.

PMID- 19978778
TI  - Bone Impacted in Left Bronchus for Six Months; Removal; Recovery (Bone shown).

PMID- 19978779
TI  - Perithelioma of the Pharynx.

PMID- 19978781
TI  - Perithelioma of Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19978780
TI  - Dentigerous Cyst of the Lower Jaw; Operation.

PMID- 19978782
TI  - Two Cases of OEsophageal Stricture in Children.

PMID- 19978783
TI  - OEsophagus from a Child, aged 2(1/2), showing Escharotic Stenosis.

PMID- 19978784
TI  - Rabbit's Vertebra in the Right Lower Bronchus removed by Superior Bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19978785
TI  - Epithelioma of Pharynx, Tongue, and Cervical Glands in Male.

PMID- 19978786
TI  - Removal of Epithelioma of Larynx.

PMID- 19978787
TI  - Fibroma in Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19978788
TI  - Multiple Pulsating Tumours Secondary to Hypernephroma.

PMID- 19978789
TI  - Latent Addison's Disease revealed by Death from Pneumonia and Empyema.

PMID- 19978791
TI  - Notes on some Cases of Myelogenic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19978790
TI  - A Case resembling Acute Lymphatic Leukaemia, ending in Complete Recovery.

PMID- 19978792
TI  - An Instance of Long Quiescence of Leukaemia.

PMID- 19978794
TI  - Presidential Address: The Vasomotor Neuroses.

PMID- 19978793
TI  - Bilateral Hypernephroma, with Secondary Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava and
      Terminal Uraemia.

PMID- 19978795
TI  - Intrathoracic Tumour; Trophic Changes in Fingers.

PMID- 19978796
TI  - Tumour of Right Cerebello-pontine Angle; Posterior Decompression in May, 1914;
      Great Improvement.

PMID- 19978797
TI  - Syphilis Meningo-vascularis, Congenital Syphilis, Choroiditis, Optic Atrophy,
      Herpes Zoster, Multiple Root Lesions.

PMID- 19978798
TI  - Pituitary Infantilism (Lorain Type) with Hydrocephalus and Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19978799
TI  - Chronic Polyneuritis with Optic Neuritis.

PMID- 19978800
TI  - Two Cases of Nerve Injuries caused by Bullet Wounds.

PMID- 19978801
TI  - Myopathy (? Myotonia Atrophica) with a Family History of Cataracts but no History
      of Familial Myopathy.

PMID- 19978802
TI  - Infantile Hemiplegia affecting the Left Half of the Body, with considerable Under
      development of the Left Upper Extremity; Jacksonian Convulsions affecting the
      Paralysed Upper Extremity; Petit Mal.

PMID- 19978803
TI  - Removal of Spinal Cord Tumour.

PMID- 19978805
TI  - ? Amyotonia Congenita. ? Atonic Form of Cerebral Diplegia.

PMID- 19978804
TI  - ? Syringomyelia. ? Hypertrophic Cervical Pachymeningitis.

PMID- 19978806
TI  - The Psychology of Traumatic Amblyopia following Explosion of Shells.

PMID- 19978808
TI  - Myopathy. ? Juvenile Type. ? Landouzy-Dejerine Type.

PMID- 19978807
TI  - Myopathy. Simple Atrophic Type.

PMID- 19978810
TI  - Pontine Polio-encephalitis.

PMID- 19978809
TI  - ? Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19978811
TI  - Obesity; Epileptiform Attacks; Recurrent Jaundice in a Girl, aged 13.

PMID- 19978813
TI  - Astereognosis of the Left Hand.

PMID- 19978812
TI  - ? Neoplasm of the Spinal Cord; Lesions of Eighth Cervical and First Thoracic
      Nerve Roots.

PMID- 19978814
TI  - Paresis and Involuntary Movements following Concussion caused by a High Explosive
      Shell.

PMID- 19978815
TI  - Severe Haemorrhage after the Menopause from Rupture of a Vein in the Endometrium.

PMID- 19978816
TI  - Chorionepithelioma in a Woman, aged 50.

PMID- 19978817
TI  - Viscera from a Fatal Case of Eclampsia.

PMID- 19978818
TI  - Papilliferous Carcinoma of the Ovary associated with Adenomyoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19978819
TI  - Uterus and a Fibromyoma free from Attachments in a Utero-pelvic Abscess.

PMID- 19978820
TI  - The Condition of the Larynx and Trachea in the Stillborn Infant and its Bearing
      on Artificial Respiration.

PMID- 19978821
TI  - Presidential Address: An Investigation of the Causes which determine the Lie of
      the Foetus in utero.

PMID- 19978822
TI  - Puerperal Eclampsia; Death due to Rupture of Subcapsular Haematoma of the Liver.

PMID- 19978823
TI  - Intestinal Fistulae made with a View to facilitating Recovery from certain
      Conditions which may follow Abdominal Operations.

PMID- 19978824
TI  - Ovarian Pregnancy.

PMID- 19978825
TI  - Tuberculous Infection of a Tubo-ovarian Mass.

PMID- 19978827
TI  - Multiple Myoma.

PMID- 19978826
TI  - Interstitial Tuberculous Salpingitis.

PMID- 19978829
TI  - Two Cases of Hysterectomy for Ante-partum Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19978828
TI  - Cancer of the Cervix with Pyometra.

PMID- 19978830
TI  - Placenta Praevia with Unusual Sequelae.

PMID- 19978831
TI  - Extensive Cancer of the Cervix, with Pyosalpinx; Patient well Seven Years after
      Wertheim's Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19978832
TI  - Sarcoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19978833
TI  - Sarcoma of Broad Ligament.

PMID- 19978834
TI  - Double Ureter simulating a Parovarian Cyst in the Right Broad Ligament.

PMID- 19978835
TI  - Cases of Inversion of Uterus.

PMID- 19978836
TI  - Squamous-celled Carcinoma occurring in a Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19978837
TI  - Ruptured Unilateral Solid Cancer of Ovary; Ovariotomy; Subsequent Pregnancies and
      Good Health after Seven Years.

PMID- 19978838
TI  - Specimen of (?) Rhabdomyoma of the Vulva.

PMID- 19978840
TI  - Complete Inversion of the Vagina after Total Hysterectomy, associated with
      Vesical Calculus.

PMID- 19978839
TI  - Tubal Pregnancy showing Foetus undergoing Dissolution.

PMID- 19978841
TI  - Infundibulin in Primary Uterine Inertia and in the Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19978843
TI  - Papilliferous Adenoma complicating Fibromyoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19978842
TI  - So-called True Hermaphroditism, with the Report of a Case.

PMID- 19978844
TI  - The Influence of Nasal Obstruction on Abnormalities of the Jaws.

PMID- 19978846
TI  - The Influence of the Thyroid Gland upon Dental Caries.

PMID- 19978845
TI  - Some Primary Factors in the Causation of Gingivitis.

PMID- 19978848
TI  - The Principles of Dietetics.

PMID- 19978847
TI  - Adjourned Discussion on Dr. Ewan Waller's Paper, "The Influence of the Thyroid
      Gland upon Dental Caries".

PMID- 19978849
TI  - A Note on Extraction.

PMID- 19978850
TI  - Recent Studies in the Calcification of the Teeth.

PMID- 19978851
TI  - A Method of Crowning Incisor Teeth.

PMID- 19978852
TI  - The Discovery of Entamoeba buccalis in Pyorrhoea Pus, and Treatment by Emetin
      Hydrochloride.

PMID- 19978853
TI  - The Effects of Cleft Palate Operations on the Dental Arch.

PMID- 19978855
TI  - A Cold-air Labyrinth-testing Apparatus.

PMID- 19978854
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19978856
TI  - The Clinical Aspect of Tubercular Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19978857
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Ear.

PMID- 19978858
TI  - Tubercular Disease of the Ear (Pathology).

PMID- 19978860
TI  - Cases illustrating Tuberculosis of the Ear, shown after Operation.

PMID- 19978859
TI  - Specimens of Tuberculosis of the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19978861
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Auditory Apparatus treated by Permanent Drainage of the
      Lateral Ventricle.

PMID- 19978862
TI  - A Post-mortem Specimen of a Radical Mastoid Operation performed Six Months before
      Death, to illustrate Secondary Auditory Tuberculosis in an Adult.

PMID- 19978863
TI  - An Example of Tuberculosis of the Auditory Apparatus in Children.

PMID- 19978864
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978865
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978866
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978868
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978867
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978869
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978870
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978871
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978872
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978873
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978874
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978876
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978875
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978877
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978878
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978879
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE AUDITORY APPARATUS.

PMID- 19978881
TI  - Congenital Syphilitic Deafness undergoing Thyroid Treatment.

PMID- 19978880
TI  - A Note on Mastoid Grafting.

PMID- 19978882
TI  - Brain of a Patient shown to the Section last year; the Patient having died some
      weeks after Operation.

PMID- 19978884
TI  - Congenitally Deaf Boy improved under Treatment.

PMID- 19978883
TI  - Hereditary Syphilitic Nerve Deafness undergoing Thyroid Treatment.

PMID- 19978886
TI  - Pyrexia after Mastoid Operation for Acute Otitis Media.

PMID- 19978885
TI  - Aberrant Chorda Tympani.

PMID- 19978887
TI  - Note on the Case of a Man, aged 43, after Operation for Meniere's Symptoms.

PMID- 19978888
TI  - Acute Purulent Meningitis; Drainage of the Meninges; Recovery.

PMID- 19978889
TI  - Cases of Herpes Auris.

PMID- 19978891
TI  - So-called Primary Acute Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19978890
TI  - Microscopic Specimen of Cells from Cerebrospinal Fluid, showing Organisms.

PMID- 19978892
TI  - Case in which Suppuration had performed a Radical Operation.

PMID- 19978894
TI  - Epithelioma of Auricle treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19978893
TI  - Operation for Epithelioma of the Auricle with Secondary Involvement of Glands,
      May, 1912 (Three Years ago); no Recurrence. Specimen shown.

PMID- 19978895
TI  - Tympanic Membrane in Right Ear, moving with Respiration.

PMID- 19978897
TI  - Slides illustrating Lumbar Puncture Fluid in Aural Cases.

PMID- 19978896
TI  - Syphilitic Ulceration of External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19978899
TI  - Wound Inoculation in Carcinoma; with Experiments upon the Action of Local
      Cytocides as a means of dealing with it.

PMID- 19978898
TI  - Carcinoma of the Pinna.

PMID- 19978900
TI  - The Importance of Tyrosine as an Aid in the Demonstration of the Present-day de
      novo Origin of Living Organisms.

PMID- 19978902
TI  - Anaesthetic Ether.

PMID- 19978903
TI  - A Discussion on the Methods of Induction of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978901
TI  - Demonstration of Methods for the Isolation and Identification of Bacillus
      typhosus and Allied Organisms.

PMID- 19978905
TI  - A Discussion on the Methods of Induction of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978904
TI  - A Discussion on the Methods of Induction of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978907
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978906
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978908
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978909
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978910
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978911
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978913
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978912
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978914
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Preliminary Narcotics on (a) Induction, (b)
      Maintenance, (c) After-results of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19978915
TI  - The Recent Epidemic of Small-pox in New South Wales: Its Diagnosis and
      Prevention.

PMID- 19978916
TI  - Brief Note on Cotton as a Source of Small-pox Infection, as illustrated by an
      Outbreak of the Disease in Milnrow Urban District and the adjoining Borough of
      Rochdale.

PMID- 19978917
TI  - The Occurrence of an Unusual Cough among Weavers of Cotton Cloth.

PMID- 19978918
TI  - The Statistics of Anti-typhoid and Anti-cholera Inoculations, and the
      Interpretation of such Statistics in general.

PMID- 19978919
TI  - The Nature of the Recent Small-pox Epidemic in Australia: Microbiological
      Findings and Animal Inoculations.

PMID- 19978920
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978921
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978922
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978923
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978924
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978925
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978926
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978928
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978927
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19978929
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978930
TI  - The Bacteriology of Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978931
TI  - The Interpretation of Epidemiological Observations by the Light of
      Bacteriological Knowledge.

PMID- 19978932
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978934
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978933
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978935
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978937
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978936
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978938
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978939
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978940
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978941
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978942
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978943
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978944
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978945
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978946
TI  - Special Discussion on the Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19978947
TI  - Small-pox among Cotton Operatives.

PMID- 19978948
TI  - Joseph Ignace Guillotin.

PMID- 19978950
TI  - Lionel Lockyer.

PMID- 19978949
TI  - William Bromfield, 1713-1792.

PMID- 19978951
TI  - 400th Anniversary of Vesalius.

PMID- 19978952
TI  - A Westmorland Medical Superstition.

PMID- 19978953
TI  - The Apothecary in England from the Thirteenth to the Close of the Sixteenth
      Century.

PMID- 19978954
TI  - Exhibition of Books illustrating the History of Military Hygiene.

PMID- 19978955
TI  - Lucian and Medicine: Part I.

PMID- 19978957
TI  - Oliver Goldsmith and Medicine.

PMID- 19978956
TI  - Jean Astruc.

PMID- 19978958
TI  - Lucian and Medicine: Part II.

PMID- 19978960
TI  - Thomas Baynton, 1761-1820.

PMID- 19978959
TI  - William Withering, M.D., F.R.S.

PMID- 19978962
TI  - One-sided Internal Ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 19978961
TI  - Dilated Pupil of Argyll-Robertson Type in a Young Girl showing well-marked
      Contraction to Closure of the Lids.

PMID- 19978963
TI  - Montessori Education for Children with Defective Sight.

PMID- 19978965
TI  - Metastatic Suppurative Irido-choroiditis.

PMID- 19978964
TI  - The Education of Children with Defective Vision.

PMID- 19978966
TI  - Sympathetic Ophthalmitis treated by Intravenous Injections of Salvarsan and Neo
      salvarsan.

PMID- 19978967
TI  - Coloboma of Iris in Mother and Child.

PMID- 19978968
TI  - Bony Growth in Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19978969
TI  - Retinitis of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19978970
TI  - The Definition of Blindness: Being a Report prepared at the Request of the Local
      Government Board Departmental Committee on the Welfare of the Blind, by a Special
      Committee appointed by the Council.

PMID- 19978971
TI  - Small Optical Iridectomies in a Case of Lamellar Cataract.

PMID- 19978973
TI  - High Myopia in an Infant; Hereditary and Congenital.

PMID- 19978972
TI  - Mikulicz's Disease.

PMID- 19978974
TI  - Bilateral Temporary Hemianopia; Rapid and Permanent Recovery of Vision after the
      Administration of Thyroid Extract.

PMID- 19978975
TI  - Angeioid Streaks in Brother and Sister; a suggestion that the Streaks are Non
      vascular.

PMID- 19978976
TI  - The Exact Definition of Blindness.

PMID- 19978977
TI  - Definition of Blindness.

PMID- 19978978
TI  - The Necessity for an Exact Definition of Blindness (Classification of the Blind).

PMID- 19978979
TI  - Tumour Lymphangiectasis of the Lower Lid.

PMID- 19978981
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE NECESSITY FOR AN EXACT DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS.

PMID- 19978980
TI  - The Necessity for an Exact Definition of Blindness.

PMID- 19978982
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE NECESSITY FOR AN EXACT DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS.

PMID- 19978983
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE NECESSITY FOR AN EXACT DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS.

PMID- 19978984
TI  - Glass-worker's Cataract in a Puddler (Iron-smelter).

PMID- 19978985
TI  - Amaurotic Family Idiocy in an English Child.

PMID- 19978986
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of the Cornea in Secondary Glaucoma caused by Dislocation of
      the Lens.

PMID- 19978987
TI  - Granuloma of the Iris.

PMID- 19978988
TI  - A Trench Periscope.

PMID- 19978989
TI  - Sarcoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19978990
TI  - Family Cerebral Degeneration with Macular Changes.

PMID- 19978991
TI  - Confluent Tubercle of the Iris.

PMID- 19978992
TI  - Multiple Cysts in the Anterior Chamber derived from a Congenital Cystic Growth of
      the Ciliary Epithelium.

PMID- 19978993
TI  - Cyclitis with Spontaneous Subluxation of Lens, treated by Couching of Lens.

PMID- 19978995
TI  - Traumatic Dislocation of Lens treated by Couching and subsequent Separation of
      Iris Adhesion at Angle of Anterior Chamber with Cyclodialysis.

PMID- 19978994
TI  - Glaucoma in a Boy, aged 17.

PMID- 19978996
TI  - Bullet Wound of Orbit.

PMID- 19978997
TI  - Proptosis occurring in a Male Child, aged 6.

PMID- 19978998
TI  - Vascular Keratitis with Terminal Perivascular Deposits.

PMID- 19979000
TI  - Presidential Address: The Application of Physiology and Pathology to the Study of
      the Mind in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19978999
TI  - Conical Cornea with Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19979001
TI  - Cases of Hypothyroidism.

PMID- 19979003
TI  - Microscopic Examination of the Central Nervous System in Three Cases of
      Spontaneous Hypothyroidism in relation to a Type of Insanity.

PMID- 19979002
TI  - The Ductless Glands in 110 Cases of Insanity, with Special Reference to
      Hypothyroidism.

PMID- 19979004
TI  - The Cerebral Mechanism of Speech: (Preliminary Note.).

PMID- 19979005
TI  - Child with Tooth erupted at Birth.

PMID- 19979006
TI  - Diabetes Insipidus with Infantilism.

PMID- 19979007
TI  - Giant Naevus.

PMID- 19979008
TI  - Splenomegaly (? Splenic Anaemia of Infancy) improved by Antisyphilitic Treatment.

PMID- 19979009
TI  - Double-retained Testicle in which the Left Testicle was Transplanted to the Right
      Side of the Scrotum and the Right Testicle to the Left Side.

PMID- 19979011
TI  - Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa.

PMID- 19979010
TI  - Double Undescended Testicle; Right Testicle Transplanted to the Left Side of the
      Scrotum.

PMID- 19979012
TI  - Cleido-cranio-dysostosis in which the Removal of the Outer Part of the Imperfect
      Right Clavicle relieved Severe Symptoms from Pressure on the Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19979013
TI  - Pseudo-rachitic Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19979014
TI  - Seasonal Enlargement of the Parotid Glands.

PMID- 19979016
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19979015
TI  - Paramyoclonus Multiplex.

PMID- 19979017
TI  - ? Aortic Disease.

PMID- 19979018
TI  - Nine Patches of Morphoea in a Child.

PMID- 19979019
TI  - Generalized Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19979020
TI  - Myatonia Congenita with Dilatation of Colon.

PMID- 19979021
TI  - Friedreich's Disease with Spastic Phenomena.

PMID- 19979022
TI  - Hypertrophy of the Gums.

PMID- 19979023
TI  - Pulsating Tumour of the Scalp.

PMID- 19979024
TI  - Cerebral Embolism in Diphtheria.

PMID- 19979025
TI  - Pericarditis in Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19979026
TI  - Pericarditis from a Case of Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19979027
TI  - Specimen of Perforation of the Arch of the Aorta by Safety-pin Impacted in the
      OEsophagus.

PMID- 19979029
TI  - Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19979028
TI  - Liver Abscess in an Infant.

PMID- 19979030
TI  - Enlarged Liver in a Boy, aged 15 Years.

PMID- 19979031
TI  - Haematoma of the Lower Lid in an Infant, aged 5 Months (an Unusual Manifestation
      of Infantile Scurvy).

PMID- 19979032
TI  - Polio-encephalitis Inferior; Oculo-motor Type.

PMID- 19979033
TI  - Tumour of the Upper Extremity of the Femur.

PMID- 19979034
TI  - Infantile Paralysis, with Exaggerated Knee-jerk.

PMID- 19979035
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease and Ulcerative Sore Throat.

PMID- 19979036
TI  - Suprarenal Haemorrhage in an Infant.

PMID- 19979037
TI  - Purpura complicating Diphtheria.

PMID- 19979038
TI  - Acute Atrophy of the Liver.

PMID- 19979039
TI  - Two Cases of Heart-block.

PMID- 19979040
TI  - Persistent Pharyngeal Rudiment.

PMID- 19979041
TI  - The Atonic Form of Cerebral Diplegia (Foerster).

PMID- 19979042
TI  - Four Cases of Ichthyosis in a Family of Six Children.

PMID- 19979043
TI  - Two Cases of Ichthyosis in a Family of Five Children.

PMID- 19979044
TI  - Ichthyosis associated with Long-standing Superficial Ulceration of the Tongue.

PMID- 19979045
TI  - Pulmonary Regurgitation.

PMID- 19979046
TI  - Ectromelus with Absence of Pectoral Muscles on the Right Side.

PMID- 19979048
TI  - Inherited Syphilis with Wassermann Reactions.

PMID- 19979047
TI  - Deformity and Wasting of the Hands with Deformity of the Feet.

PMID- 19979049
TI  - Sclerodermia with Sclerodactylia of Antenatal Origin in an Infant.

PMID- 19979051
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy associated with Amentia.

PMID- 19979050
TI  - Chronic Polyarticular Arthritis commencing in a Child at the Age of 2 Years 4
      Months.

PMID- 19979052
TI  - Case of Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19979053
TI  - Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida with Deformity of the Legs.

PMID- 19979054
TI  - Note on Suppurative Parotitis following Pneumonia.

PMID- 19979055
TI  - Hemiplegia in a Girl, aged 10 Years; Onset sudden but without Convulsions; no
      Evidence of Visceral Disease.

PMID- 19979056
TI  - Cystic Lymphangioma in Infant.

PMID- 19979057
TI  - Child with Defective Patellae and Contraction of Limbs. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979058
TI  - Case of Polio-encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 19979059
TI  - Case of Ectrodactyly.

PMID- 19979060
TI  - Deformity of the Left Hand, with Constriction of the Right Forearm: Discussion.

PMID- 19979061
TI  - Amaurotic Family Idiocy (Waren Tay-Sachs Disease).

PMID- 19979062
TI  - Pericarditis in Diphtheria.

PMID- 19979063
TI  - Case of Hypopituitarism.

PMID- 19979064
TI  - Localizing Brain Symptoms (Hemiplegia and Hemispasm) as Early Events in
      Tuberculous Meningitis.

PMID- 19979065
TI  - Abdomino-perineal Excision of the Rectum for Carcinoma in a Woman, aged 76(3/4).

PMID- 19979066
TI  - Pneumo-peritoneum of Three Days' Duration following Resection of a Carcinomatous
      Rectum, and probably induced by the Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus; Evacuation of
      the Gas and of a Pelvic Abscess; Recovery; no Recurrence after Five Years.

PMID- 19979067
TI  - Obscure Case of OEdema of the Sigmoid Mesocolon.

PMID- 19979068
TI  - The Black (Pigmented) Appendix.

PMID- 19979070
TI  - Obliterative Arteritis.

PMID- 19979069
TI  - Inoperable Carcinoma of the Rectum becoming Operable under Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19979071
TI  - Injuries to the Bowel from Shell and Bullet Wounds.

PMID- 19979072
TI  - Action of Suprarenals on Renal Secretion.

PMID- 19979073
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Phthisis by the Induction of Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19979074
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Phthisis by the Induction of Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19979075
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Phthisis by the Induction of Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19979076
TI  - A Note on the Antagonism of Drugs.

PMID- 19979077
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Phthisis by the Induction of Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19979078
TI  - Presidential Address: The Influence of Soil on the Prevalence of Phthisis.

PMID- 19979079
TI  - The Hydrological Treatment of Gastro-intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19979080
TI  - The Thames Valley: Certain of its Natural and Medical Attributes.

PMID- 19979081
TI  - Report of Committee of Council: A "Combined Physical Treatment".

PMID- 19979082
TI  - Some Observations on the Treatment of Disabled Soldiers by the Physico
      therapeutic Methods now being used in Paris.

PMID- 19979083
TI  - Report on the Reduction of Crippling from Wounds.

PMID- 19979084
TI  - Sequel to the Case of Chronic Splenomegaly of Uncertain Origin, with Persistent
      Leucopenia, shown on January 12, 1912.

PMID- 19979086
TI  - Case of Erythrodermia. (Mycosis fungoides.).

PMID- 19979085
TI  - Note on a Case of Anaemia and Purpura, with Greenish Coloration of the Bone
      marrow, and its Bearing on the Question of the Causation of the Green colour of
      Chloroma and the so-called Chloro-leukaemia.

PMID- 19979087
TI  - Sections from a Case of Syringoma (?).

PMID- 19979089
TI  - The Rationale and Practice of Chemotherapy.

PMID- 19979088
TI  - Very Unusual Tumours of the Skin.

PMID- 19979091
TI  - Angiokeratoma.

PMID- 19979090
TI  - Urticaria pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19979092
TI  - Extensive Tertiary Syphilis of the Face improved by Galyl.

PMID- 19979094
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979093
TI  - Parakeratosis Variegata of the Type described by Juliusberg as "Pityriasis
      Lichenoides Chronica".

PMID- 19979095
TI  - Case of Lichen Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19979096
TI  - Acute Disseminated Tuberculosis Cutis.

PMID- 19979097
TI  - Case of Tertiary Syphilis treated by Intramine.

PMID- 19979099
TI  - Erythromelalgia and Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19979098
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides in a Woman.

PMID- 19979100
TI  - Horny Growth on Arm.

PMID- 19979101
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979102
TI  - Case of Asphyxia Reticularis (Unna).

PMID- 19979103
TI  - Case of Extensive Carcinoma of the Face occurring in the Course of a Xerodermia
      Pigmentosa treated by a Massive Dose of Radium.

PMID- 19979104
TI  - A Severe Case of Acne.

PMID- 19979105
TI  - Case of Congenital Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19979106
TI  - Case of Keratodermia Blenorrhagica.

PMID- 19979107
TI  - Lichenoid and Nodular Tuberculide.

PMID- 19979108
TI  - Herpes Zoster with Paralysis of Arm.

PMID- 19979109
TI  - The Theory and Practice of Chemotherapy : (Second Communication.).

PMID- 19979110
TI  - A New Test for Syphilis (the Emulsoid-gelation or Gel Test).

PMID- 19979112
TI  - Case of Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19979111
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19979113
TI  - Granulosis Rubra Nasi.

PMID- 19979115
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19979114
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus Hypertrophicus.

PMID- 19979116
TI  - Sections from a Papilliferous Sudoriparous Cyst of the Cheek in a Man.

PMID- 19979117
TI  - Case of Xanthoma Tuberosum.

PMID- 19979118
TI  - A Boy, aged 15, of English Parentage, showing very Septic Ulcerations of
      Undetermined Nature.

PMID- 19979119
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Face of Five Years' Duration in a Girl aged 18(1/2).

PMID- 19979120
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis in a Boy.

PMID- 19979121
TI  - Extensive Exuberant Lupus Vulgaris of the Leg originating from a Tuberculous
      Abscess.

PMID- 19979122
TI  - Case of (?) Urticaria Pigmentosa in a Soldier, aged 19.

PMID- 19979123
TI  - Multiform Lupus Vulgaris following Measles, with Spontaneous Involution of some
      of the Lesions.

PMID- 19979125
TI  - Lichen Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19979124
TI  - Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19979126
TI  - Case of Kaposi's Multiple Pigmentary Sarcoma.

PMID- 19979127
TI  - Chronic Ulceration (Ulcus molle serpiginosum), probably due to Inoculation with
      Ducrey's Bacillus of Soft Chancre.

PMID- 19979128
TI  - Lupus vulgaris exuberans complicated by Epithelioma.

PMID- 19979130
TI  - Granuloma annulare.

PMID- 19979129
TI  - A Boy, aged 15, of English Parentage, showing very Septic Ulcerations of
      Undetermined Nature.

PMID- 19979131
TI  - Case of Folliclis (Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide).

PMID- 19979133
TI  - Case of (?) Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19979132
TI  - Granuloma annulare with a Widespread Follicular Eruption.

PMID- 19979134
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Tuberculosis).

PMID- 19979135
TI  - Sclerodermia occurring in a Case of Myxoedema while under Thyroid Treatment.

PMID- 19979136
TI  - Recurrent Herpes Zoster of the Face with Hemiatrophy.

PMID- 19979137
TI  - Case of Morphoeo-sclerodermia (shown before) with recent Acute Symmetrical
      Involvement of the Soles of the Feet.

PMID- 19979138
TI  - Case of Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19979139
TI  - Case of Granulomata.

PMID- 19979140
TI  - Microscopical Specimen for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979141
TI  - Three Cases of Syphilis treated by "Intramine" (Di-ortho-amino-thio-benzene).

PMID- 19979142
TI  - Very Extensive Tinea circinata of Tropical Origin.

PMID- 19979143
TI  - Result of Arsenical Intoxication Ten Months after One Injection of
      Novarsenobenzol (Billon).

PMID- 19979144
TI  - Note on the Case shown for Diagnosis at the last Meeting, of an Indian Medical
      Student with an Eruption which it was suggested by several Members was
      Tuberculous.

PMID- 19979145
TI  - So-called Idiopathic Multiple Pigment Sarcoma of Kaposi (Acro-sarcoma Multiplex
      Cutaneum Telangiectodes of Unna).

PMID- 19979146
TI  - Case of Tertiary Syphilide.

PMID- 19979147
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979148
TI  - Sclerodermia with Graves's Disease.

PMID- 19979149
TI  - Sclerodermia associated with Graves's Disease, and later Myxoedema, conspicuously
      benefiting by Implantation of Human Thyroid into the Bone-marrow.

PMID- 19979151
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Tuberculosis).

PMID- 19979150
TI  - General Carcinomatous Infiltration of the Skin of Arm (Cancer en cuirasse),
      apparently resulting from an X-ray Burn in Treatment of an Indolent Breast
      Scirrhus.

PMID- 19979152
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19979153
TI  - Herpes Recurrens of the Right Cheek in a Boy, aged 9.

PMID- 19979154
TI  - Necrosis of the Skin from handling "Composition" (an Explosive).

PMID- 19979155
TI  - Multiple Comedones of Frontal Region in a Boy.

PMID- 19979156
TI  - Dermatolysis and Molluscum fibrosum, with Congenital Morbus Cordis and Kyphosis.

PMID- 19979157
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. Provisional Diagnosis: Nodular Lupus Erythematosus followed
      by Atrophy of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue.

PMID- 19979159
TI  - Case of Lymphangioma.

PMID- 19979158
TI  - Case of Staphylococcia in a Xerodermatous Patient.

PMID- 19979160
TI  - Primary Syphilitic Chancre of the Lip.

PMID- 19979161
TI  - Chronic Diffuse Papillomatosis of the Left Foot and Leg.

PMID- 19979162
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus, with Nodular Necrotic Cutaneous Tuberculides of Arms
      and Hands, Feet and Legs.

PMID- 19979164
TI  - Diffuse Sclerodermia with Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19979163
TI  - Recurrent Syphilide simulating Reinfection.

PMID- 19979165
TI  - Discussion on the Interpretation of Certain X-ray Signs of Intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19979166
TI  - Discussion on the Interpretation of Certain X-ray Signs of Intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19979167
TI  - Discussion on the Interpretation of Certain X-ray Signs of Intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19979169
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979168
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979170
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979171
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979172
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979173
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979174
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979175
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979176
TI  - New Treatment of Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19979177
TI  - Discussion on the Interpretation of Certain X-ray Signs of Intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19979178
TI  - Discussion on the Interpretation of Certain X-ray Signs of Intestinal Stasis.

PMID- 19979180
TI  - The Organization of Electro-therapy in Military Hospitals.

PMID- 19979179
TI  - A Criticism on the Reaction Testing of Muscles, and the Interpretation of the
      Results, with Reference to Electrical Examination of Nerve Injuries in War.

PMID- 19979182
TI  - A New Commutator Attachment for Rectifying the Current supplied to the X-ray
      Tube.

PMID- 19979181
TI  - The King George Military Hospital-Radiographic Department.

PMID- 19979183
TI  - The Use of the Simpson Light, with a Description of the Apparatus.

PMID- 19979185
TI  - Preliminary Note on a New Method of Bullet Extraction.

PMID- 19979184
TI  - The Physical Properties of the Simpson Light.

PMID- 19979186
TI  - An Adjustable Screen Support.

PMID- 19979187
TI  - Diathermic Fulguration.

PMID- 19979188
TI  - An Apparatus to assist the Examination of Children by the X-rays.

PMID- 19979189
TI  - Case of Leontiasis Ossia.

PMID- 19979190
TI  - Displacement of the Aortic Arch.

PMID- 19979191
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE COOLIDGE TUBE.

PMID- 19979192
TI  - A Lecture on Wound Infections and their Treatment.

PMID- 19979193
TI  - Personal Experiences on the Gallipoli Peninsula and in the Eastern Mediterranean
      while a Member of the War Office Committee for Epidemic Diseases and Sanitation.

PMID- 19979194
TI  - Bacteriological and Experimental Researches on Gas Gangrene.

PMID- 19979195
TI  - Observations on the Mode of Spread and Prevention of Vesical and Intestinal
      Bilharziosis in Egypt, with additions to August, 1916.

PMID- 19979196
TI  - A Lecture on the Treatment of Dysentery.

PMID- 19979197
TI  - Medical Section and Therapeutical and Pharmacological Section: Discussion on
      Trench Nephritis.

PMID- 19979198
TI  - Bullet entering below Right Mastoid and emerging at Left Orbit.

PMID- 19979199
TI  - Malignant Papillomatous Growth of Left Inferior Turbinate and Ethmoidal Region.

PMID- 19979200
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Stenosis, following a Bayonet Wound, treated by Intubation.

PMID- 19979201
TI  - Cases of Chronic Frontal Sinus Empyema treated by the Intranasal Method.

PMID- 19979202
TI  - Case of Achalasia of the Cardia cured by the Passage of a Gastric Tube kept in
      Position for Four Days.

PMID- 19979203
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord in a Woman, aged 25.

PMID- 19979204
TI  - Case of Tracheitis Sicca.

PMID- 19979205
TI  - Radiogram of the OEsophagus of a Case of Carcinoma which presented itself as an
      Achalasia.

PMID- 19979206
TI  - Two Cases of Suppuration in the Antrum of Highmore associated with Uncommon
      Conditions.

PMID- 19979207
TI  - Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx-Case to show certain Indications in regard to
      Laryngo-fissure and Complete Excision of the Larynx.

PMID- 19979208
TI  - Case of Malignant Disease treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19979209
TI  - Epithelioma of the Palate.

PMID- 19979210
TI  - Case of Retro-pharyngeal Abscess due to Breaking Down of a Tubercular Gland.

PMID- 19979211
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Disease of the Larynx.

PMID- 19979212
TI  - Case of (?) Nervous or Functional Aphonia.

PMID- 19979213
TI  - Chronic Suppuration of the Left Frontal, Ethmoidal and Maxillary Sinuses.

PMID- 19979214
TI  - A Nasopharyngeal Polypus (Choanal Polypus) originating in the Right Maxillary
      Antrum.

PMID- 19979216
TI  - Bullet Wounds of Face and Neck.

PMID- 19979215
TI  - Final Notes on a Case of Malignant Stricture of the OEsophagus, situated (3/4)
      in. above the Sternal Notch.

PMID- 19979217
TI  - Traumatic Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19979219
TI  - Bullet Wound of Face.

PMID- 19979218
TI  - Paralysis of Left Vocal Cord from Bullet Wound of Neck.

PMID- 19979220
TI  - Shrapnel Wound of Nose and Cheek.

PMID- 19979221
TI  - Disease (Empyema) of Right Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19979222
TI  - Demonstration of Simpson Light Apparatus; Cases illustrating Results obtained by
      Use of Simpson Light.

PMID- 19979224
TI  - Some New Instruments specially designed for Improving the Technique of the
      Operation of Laryngo-fissure (Thyrotomy).

PMID- 19979223
TI  - The Histology of an Angeio-fibroma of the Nasopharynx and its important Bearing
      on Operative Procedures.

PMID- 19979225
TI  - Paralysis of the Right Vocal Cord resulting from a Bullet Wound.

PMID- 19979227
TI  - Malignant Disease (?) of the Arytaeno-epiglottic Fold and Ventricular Region of
      the Left Side of Larynx.

PMID- 19979226
TI  - Unilateral (Left) Paralysis of Soft Palate and Larynx.

PMID- 19979228
TI  - Halfpenny impacted for Five Days in the OEsophagus of a Child, aged 4.

PMID- 19979230
TI  - Tumour of Palate.

PMID- 19979229
TI  - Encapsulated Tumour removed from Region of Left Tonsil, Soft Palate, &c.

PMID- 19979232
TI  - Large Irregular Piece of Bone, impacted in the OEsophagus, removed by Direct
      Method; Death from Sepsis Six Days later.

PMID- 19979231
TI  - Tin Disk, 1(3/8) in. in Diameter, removed from the Gullet by the Direct Method.

PMID- 19979233
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979234
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979235
TI  - Chronic Dacryocystitis cured by West's Intranasal Operation after Failure by
      External Operation.

PMID- 19979237
TI  - Sarcoma of the Ethmoid; Operation.

PMID- 19979236
TI  - Microscopic Specimen of Recurrent Epithelioma removed from the remains of the
      Right Ventricular Band of a Patient who had been Operated upon for Epithelioma of
      the Right Vocal Cord Nine Years ago.

PMID- 19979238
TI  - Carcinoma of the Superior Maxilla with Secondary Glands in the Neck; Operation;
      no Recurrence after Two Years.

PMID- 19979239
TI  - Sarcoma of the Tonsil (?); Mass of Glands in Neck; Removal of Tonsil.

PMID- 19979240
TI  - Two Specimens of Exostosis from the Frontal Sinuses and Ethmoidal Cells.

PMID- 19979241
TI  - Tracheitis Sicca in a Boy.

PMID- 19979242
TI  - Papilloma of Larynx in a Child treated under Suspension Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19979243
TI  - Long-continued Spasm of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19979245
TI  - Ulceration of Pharynx.

PMID- 19979244
TI  - Child with Enlargement of External Nose.

PMID- 19979246
TI  - Epithelioma of Epiglottis.

PMID- 19979248
TI  - Tumour in Region of Right Tonsil and Soft Palate.

PMID- 19979247
TI  - Pharyngo-laryngeal Carcinoma.

PMID- 19979250
TI  - Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx, One Year after Operation by Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19979249
TI  - Extensive Scarring of the Face.

PMID- 19979251
TI  - Foreign Body (Fish-bone) in OEsophagus, followed by Abscess in Neck.

PMID- 19979252
TI  - Sarcoma of Nasopharynx and Cervical Glands; Result of Treatment.

PMID- 19979253
TI  - Partial Excision of the Thyroid Cartilage as an Alternative to Thyrotomy in
      Malignant Disease of the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19979254
TI  - Total Laryngectomy for Cancer, Three Years after Operation.

PMID- 19979255
TI  - Leukoplakia of Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19979256
TI  - Case of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma; Removal; Restoration of the Wall by turning in
      a Piece of Skin.

PMID- 19979257
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Fibroma.

PMID- 19979258
TI  - Plastic Operation for Nasal Stenosis.

PMID- 19979259
TI  - Plumbism and Pyorrhoea associated with Passive OEdema and Thickening of the
      Uvula, Epiglottis, and Arytaenoids, with Enlargement of the Glands in the Parotid
      and Submaxillary Regions.

PMID- 19979261
TI  - Chronic Syphilitic Laryngitis with Marked Stenosis.

PMID- 19979260
TI  - Intense Dryness of the Mouth, associated with Ulceration of the Pharynx.

PMID- 19979262
TI  - Lupus of the Mouth and Throat.

PMID- 19979263
TI  - The Histological Features of Rhinophyma (Epidiascopic Demonstration).

PMID- 19979264
TI  - Two Cases of Removal of a Fish-bone from the Larynx in Adult Females.

PMID- 19979265
TI  - Three Foreign Bodies removed from the Bronchi by Upper Bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19979266
TI  - Large Naso-antral Polypus.

PMID- 19979268
TI  - A Note on Treatment of Gunshot Injuries of the Larynx where "Webbing" of the
      Vocal Cords has taken place.

PMID- 19979267
TI  - A Note on Treatment of "Functional Aphonia" in Soldiers from the Front.

PMID- 19979269
TI  - Rapidly Growing Epithelioma of the Palate.

PMID- 19979271
TI  - Congenital Fistula of the Nose.

PMID- 19979270
TI  - Radiogram showing an Epi-hyal Bone in a Human Subject.

PMID- 19979273
TI  - Traumatic Injury to the Nose.

PMID- 19979272
TI  - Case of Aphonia in a Soldier.

PMID- 19979275
TI  - Rasps for the Per-nasal Frontal Sinus Operation.

PMID- 19979274
TI  - Bilateral Dacryocystitis in a Syphilitic Child.

PMID- 19979276
TI  - Growth removed from Right Tonsillar Region.

PMID- 19979277
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Laryngeal Crises with Abductor Paralysis (with Anatomic
      Pathological Examination of the Nervous System by F. Sano, M.D.).

PMID- 19979278
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PARATYPHOID FEVER.

PMID- 19979279
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PARATYPHOID FEVER.

PMID- 19979280
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979281
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979282
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979283
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979284
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979285
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979286
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979287
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979288
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979289
TI  - Discussion on Paratyphoid Fever.

PMID- 19979290
TI  - Bismuth-X-ray Localization of Dysenteric Ulceration.

PMID- 19979291
TI  - Ulcero-membranous Stomatitis and Gingivitis among Troops: its Cause and
      Treatment: (Preliminary report.).

PMID- 19979293
TI  - Presidential Address: The Ophthalmological Observations of Hughlings Jackson and
      their Bearing on Nervous and other Diseases.

PMID- 19979292
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PARATYPHOID FEVER.

PMID- 19979294
TI  - Case of Neuritis.

PMID- 19979295
TI  - Toxic Polyneuritis (Recurrent) of Motor Type.

PMID- 19979296
TI  - Cerebral Tumour; Right Post-central, Subcortical.

PMID- 19979298
TI  - Division of Right Antero-lateral Tract of the Cord for Relief of Pain in Tabetic
      Crises.

PMID- 19979297
TI  - Gunshot Wound of the Lumbar Spine; Injury to the Cauda Equina; Destruction of the
      Pelvic Autonomic Nerves; Paralysis of the Large Intestine and Rectum; Recurrent
      Attacks of "Intestinal Obstruction.".

PMID- 19979299
TI  - Paralysis of the Sympathetic (Birth Injury) with Hetrachroma Iridis.

PMID- 19979301
TI  - Intermittent Tonic Spasm affecting chiefly the Lower Extremities, Progressive in
      Character, arising subsequent to an Attack of Measles.

PMID- 19979300
TI  - (?) Syringomyelia and Syringobulbia with Sudden Disappearance of Sensory
      Symptoms.

PMID- 19979303
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis, (3) Monoplegia.

PMID- 19979302
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis and Epileptiform Attacks observed over a Period of Eleven
      Years.

PMID- 19979304
TI  - Hypopituitarism, Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis, Polyuria and Polydipsia; Bilateral
      Cortico-spinal Interference; Optic Neuritis and Ptosis on Left Side; No Changes
      in Sella Turcica; Positive Wassermann Reaction in Serum.

PMID- 19979305
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979306
TI  - ? Cerebral Tumour.

PMID- 19979308
TI  - Spastic Paralysis in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19979307
TI  - Jargon-Aphasia, (2) Tremor resombling Paralysis.

PMID- 19979310
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979309
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979311
TI  - Case of Hysteria.

PMID- 19979313
TI  - Case of Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19979312
TI  - Median Nerve Injury; Causalgia; Alcohol Injections.

PMID- 19979314
TI  - Case of Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19979315
TI  - Case of Ataxia in a Child.

PMID- 19979316
TI  - Paraplegia following Cerebrospinal Meningitis; Laminectomy.

PMID- 19979317
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; Syringomyelia or Disseminated Sclerosis (?).

PMID- 19979318
TI  - Lesion of Right Optic Thalamus and Regio Subthalamica.

PMID- 19979319
TI  - Two Cases of Post-central Injury of Cortex, shown for the purpose of eliciting
      evidence on-(i) the Appreciation of Vibration, (ii) Recovery, (iii) Segmental
      Representation on the Cortex.

PMID- 19979320
TI  - The "Pudding Face" Type of Dyspituitarism (?).

PMID- 19979321
TI  - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a Man, aged 28, showing Chvostek's Sign.

PMID- 19979323
TI  - Bilateral Ptosis and Ophthalmoplegia Externa, with other Symptoms, for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979322
TI  - Sclerodermia with Subcutaneous Calcareous Concretions.

PMID- 19979324
TI  - Case of Gummatous Meningitis.

PMID- 19979325
TI  - Case of (?) Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19979326
TI  - Case of Muscular Dystrophy.

PMID- 19979327
TI  - Neoplasm of the Lumbar Region of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19979328
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979329
TI  - Adenomyoma of the Recto-vaginal Septum.

PMID- 19979331
TI  - Acute Hepatic Toxaes complicating Pregnancy and Labour.

PMID- 19979330
TI  - Ectopic Pregnancy (probably Primary Abdominal).

PMID- 19979332
TI  - A Speculum-Camera.

PMID- 19979334
TI  - A Needle-holder for Vaginal Hysterectomy and Deep Pelvic Work.

PMID- 19979333
TI  - A Wire-fed Tubular Needle for use in Closing Vesico-vaginal Fistulae.

PMID- 19979335
TI  - Three Cases of Labour obstructed by Ovarian Cyst.

PMID- 19979336
TI  - Fatal Rupture of the Bladder during the Puerperium.

PMID- 19979337
TI  - Chorionepithelioma following Vesicular Mole.

PMID- 19979338
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19979339
TI  - Case of Glandular Carcinoma of Uterus in a Child, aged 2(1/2) Years.

PMID- 19979340
TI  - A Fourth Case of Primary Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19979341
TI  - Bilateral Papillary Growths of the Fallopian Tubes.

PMID- 19979342
TI  - Primary Epithelioma in Tuberculous Tubes.

PMID- 19979343
TI  - Pre-cancerous Changes seen in the Displaced Epithelium of Nodular Salpingitis.

PMID- 19979344
TI  - Unilateral Solid Primary Adenoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19979345
TI  - A Second Case of Pneumo-peritoneum, probably induced by the Bacillus aerogenes
      capsulatus; Release of the Gas; Recovery.

PMID- 19979346
TI  - Strangulation of a Myomatous Uterus by Torsion of the Body on the Cervix; Supra
      cervical Hysterectomy; Recovery.

PMID- 19979347
TI  - Fibromyoma undergoing Cystic Degeneration growing from a Myomatous Pregnant
      Uterus.

PMID- 19979348
TI  - Paravaginal Soft Fibroma.

PMID- 19979349
TI  - Three Cases of Haematoma of the Abdominal Wall.

PMID- 19979350
TI  - Inaugural Presidential Address.

PMID- 19979351
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979352
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979354
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979353
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979355
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979357
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979356
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979358
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979359
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979360
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979361
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979362
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979363
TI  - On the Structure and Arrangement of the Enamel Prisms, especially as shown in the
      Enamel of the Elephant.

PMID- 19979364
TI  - The Significance of the Radiographs of the Piltdown Teeth.

PMID- 19979365
TI  - Comparative Studies in Calcification.

PMID- 19979366
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WAR INJURIES OF THE JAW AND FACE.

PMID- 19979367
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WAR INJURIES OF THE JAW AND FACE.

PMID- 19979368
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WAR INJURIES OF THE JAW AND FACE.

PMID- 19979370
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WAR INJURIES OF THE JAW AND FACE.

PMID- 19979369
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WAR INJURIES OF THE JAW AND FACE.

PMID- 19979371
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WAR INJURIES OF THE JAW AND FACE.

PMID- 19979373
TI  - Otomycosis; Colony and Microscopic Slide of Aspergillus fumigatus.

PMID- 19979372
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries of the Jaw and Face.

PMID- 19979375
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979374
TI  - Bony Sequestrum, believed to be the Annulus Tympanicus, removed from the External
      Meatus of an Infant, aged 2 Years 9 Months.

PMID- 19979376
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979378
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979377
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979380
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979379
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979381
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979382
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979383
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979384
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979385
TI  - Histological Preparations of the Labyrinths and Tympana of a Soldier suffering
      from Deafness due to a Bullet Wound of the Vertex of the Skull.

PMID- 19979386
TI  - Keratosis of the Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19979388
TI  - Tuberculous (?) Septic (?) Meningitis following Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media;
      Operation; Repeated Lumbar Punctures; Prolonged Illness; Recovery.

PMID- 19979387
TI  - Removal of a Piece of Shell from the Cerebellum of a Soldier wounded at Ypres.

PMID- 19979389
TI  - Malignant Disease of Middle Ear following Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media;
      Extension to Mastoid Cells; Operation; Rapid Recurrence; Employment of Radium;
      Temporary Relief.

PMID- 19979390
TI  - A Note upon the Significance of Unilateral Sero-mucous Catarrh of the Middle Ear
      in Persons over Middle Age.

PMID- 19979391
TI  - Cases illustrating Otogenic Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19979392
TI  - Fractured Skull with Healed Attic Suppuration of an Unusual Type.

PMID- 19979393
TI  - The Pathology of Otosclerosis, Congenital Syphilitic Deafness, and
      Paralabyrinthitis.

PMID- 19979394
TI  - Total Occlusion of the Right External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19979395
TI  - Cartilaginous Overgrowth after the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19979396
TI  - Congenital Syphilitic Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19979397
TI  - Audible Tinnitus.

PMID- 19979398
TI  - Transparencies of Microscopical Sections through the Temporal Bone, from a Case
      of Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19979400
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SKIN-GRAFTING IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19979399
TI  - Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Labyrinth Capsule (Paralabyrinthitis) in Suppurative
      Otitis Media.

PMID- 19979401
TI  - Case of Latent Tuberculosis of the Lateral Sinus Secondary to Chronic Suppurative
      Otitis Media; Histological Specimen of the Sinus Contents.

PMID- 19979402
TI  - Double Acute Otitis Media complicated by Ulcerative Endocarditis; Death.

PMID- 19979403
TI  - An Obscure Complication of Middle-ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19979404
TI  - Fracture of the Base of the Skull in a Baby, aged 1(3/4) Years.

PMID- 19979406
TI  - The Traumatic Causation of Appendicitis.

PMID- 19979405
TI  - Notes on the Bacteriological Examination of Eleven Cases of Cerebrospinal Fever
      treated in St. Bartholomew's Hospital during the First Three Months of the Year
      1916.

PMID- 19979407
TI  - The Treatment of Wound Infections.

PMID- 19979408
TI  - Observations on the Influence of Anaesthetics on the Temperature of the Body.

PMID- 19979409
TI  - An Analysis of Gloucestershire Statistics, 1901-10.

PMID- 19979410
TI  - Studies on Egyptian Sand Amoebae: (Communicated and taken as read.).

PMID- 19979411
TI  - Paracelsus and Van Helmont.

PMID- 19979412
TI  - Joshua Ward, 1685-1761.

PMID- 19979414
TI  - Marat.

PMID- 19979413
TI  - The Portrait of Paracelsus at the Museum at St. Gall, Switzerland.

PMID- 19979415
TI  - A Sixteenth-Century Oculist.

PMID- 19979416
TI  - Folk Cures by Constriction and Rings, with a Digression into the Nature of the
      Soul.

PMID- 19979417
TI  - Sir John Finch and Sir Thomas Baines: (Synopsis.).

PMID- 19979419
TI  - Note on an Autograph Letter describing Inoculation of Small-pox in Carlisle in
      1755.

PMID- 19979418
TI  - Some Plague Tractates (Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries).

PMID- 19979420
TI  - Note on a Thirteenth Century Diagram of the Male Genitalia: (Communicated and
      taken as read.).

PMID- 19979421
TI  - On Anthony Askew, M.D., F.R.S., and his Library.

PMID- 19979422
TI  - An Account of a Remarkable Sacred Potion Bowl from Tahiti.

PMID- 19979423
TI  - Thirteenth Century Miniatures illustrating Medical Practice.

PMID- 19979425
TI  - A hitherto Unpublished Portrait of Bellini.

PMID- 19979424
TI  - A Thirteenth Century Drawing of the Anatomy of the Uterus and Adnexa.

PMID- 19979426
TI  - Of Superstitions concerning Menstruation.

PMID- 19979427
TI  - Some Notes on Edmund Harman, King's Barber, 1509 (?) to 1576.

PMID- 19979428
TI  - The Rate of Mortality in the British Army 100 Years ago.

PMID- 19979430
TI  - The Death of Mr. George Coats.

PMID- 19979429
TI  - Harvey.

PMID- 19979432
TI  - Mikulicz's Disease.

PMID- 19979431
TI  - Associated Jaw and Lid Movement.

PMID- 19979433
TI  - Retinitis Pigmentosa (Atypical), with OEdema of the Macula.

PMID- 19979434
TI  - Light Spot Perimeter.

PMID- 19979435
TI  - Late Results of Operative Treatment of High Myopia.

PMID- 19979437
TI  - Aneurysm of the Cavernous Sinus.

PMID- 19979436
TI  - Eye Lesions as a Point of Importance in directing Suspicion to Possible
      Trypanosome Infection.

PMID- 19979438
TI  - Large Coloboma of the Upper Lid; Operation; Result.

PMID- 19979439
TI  - On the Cause of the Ophthalmoscopic Appearances in Amaurotic Family Idiocy.

PMID- 19979440
TI  - On Superficial Linear Keratitis, together with an Account of the Pathological
      Examination of Two Affected Eyes.

PMID- 19979441
TI  - Double Cataract following Experimental Total Thyroidectomy in a Dog.

PMID- 19979442
TI  - Disturbances of Vision from Cerebral Lesions, with Special Reference to the
      Cortical Representation of the Macula.

PMID- 19979443
TI  - A Fallacy in the Diagnosis of Glioma Retinae.

PMID- 19979445
TI  - The Psychology of Rumour.

PMID- 19979444
TI  - Gunshot Wound involving Visual Centre, with Visual Disorientation.

PMID- 19979446
TI  - The Compluetic Reaction (Wassermann) in Amentia: an Original Study of 100 Cases.

PMID- 19979448
TI  - Congenital Hydronephrosis of both Kidneys; both Ureters dilated, with Hypertrophy
      of Bladder.

PMID- 19979447
TI  - Sections of Psychiatry and Neurology: Special Discussion on Shell Shock without
      Visible Signs of Injury.

PMID- 19979449
TI  - Case of (?) Juvenile Tabes.

PMID- 19979450
TI  - General Tremor and Left Cortico-spinal Interference; Lesion of the Mesencephalon.

PMID- 19979451
TI  - Anterior Poliomyelitis affecting the Distal Portion of the Left Upper Extremity.

PMID- 19979452
TI  - Case of Polio-encephalo-myelitis.

PMID- 19979454
TI  - Polydactyly and Deformity of the Right Leg.

PMID- 19979453
TI  - Single Pelvic Kidney.

PMID- 19979455
TI  - Specimens from Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19979456
TI  - Dyspituitarism in a Girl, aged 15 Years.

PMID- 19979457
TI  - Two Cases of Hypertrophic Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19979458
TI  - Multiple Tumours of Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19979459
TI  - Papillomatous Growths in Old Operation Scar.

PMID- 19979460
TI  - Chronic Patchy Dermatitis.

PMID- 19979461
TI  - Optic Neuritis, (?) due to X-rays.

PMID- 19979462
TI  - Double Optic Neuritis.

PMID- 19979463
TI  - Case of Solid OEdema.

PMID- 19979464
TI  - Cardiac Case for Prognosis.

PMID- 19979465
TI  - Tumours over Manubrium and in Left Calf.

PMID- 19979467
TI  - Congenital Double Hydro-ureter.

PMID- 19979466
TI  - Heart showing Infiltration by a Large Round-celled Sarcoma.

PMID- 19979468
TI  - Nephritis without Albuminuria.

PMID- 19979469
TI  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19979470
TI  - Rickets; Multiple Fractures.

PMID- 19979471
TI  - Skeleton from a Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19979472
TI  - Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19979473
TI  - Multiple Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19979474
TI  - Transient Hemiplegia in Diphtheria and Diphtheritic Onychia.

PMID- 19979476
TI  - Gangrene of the Leg following Diphtheria.

PMID- 19979475
TI  - Case of Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19979477
TI  - Rapid Respiratory Rhythm apart from other Evidence of Disease.

PMID- 19979479
TI  - Case of (?) Myositis.

PMID- 19979478
TI  - Case of Friedreich's Disease.

PMID- 19979480
TI  - Acute Nephritis without OEdema; Recovery.

PMID- 19979481
TI  - Congenital Sclerodermia and Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19979482
TI  - Paroxysmal Haemoglobinuria.

PMID- 19979483
TI  - Brain of a Mongolian Imbecile.

PMID- 19979484
TI  - Report on a Case of Hemi-hypertrophy, with Post-mortem Examination.

PMID- 19979485
TI  - Two Cases of Optic Neuritis (? Cerebral Tumour).

PMID- 19979486
TI  - Case of Double Optic Neuritis.

PMID- 19979488
TI  - Case of Giantism.

PMID- 19979487
TI  - Case of Infantilism.

PMID- 19979489
TI  - Juvenile General Paralysis.

PMID- 19979491
TI  - Ulceration of the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19979490
TI  - Hypertrophy of the Right Side of the Face, Right Half of the Tongue, Left Upper
      Extremity, and Right Lower Extremity-Hemi-hypertrophy (?).

PMID- 19979492
TI  - Congenital Word- and Letter-Blindness-Alexia congenita.

PMID- 19979493
TI  - Lupus of the Hard Palate.

PMID- 19979494
TI  - Case of Recurrent Jaundice.

PMID- 19979495
TI  - Congenital Defect of Left Ulna.

PMID- 19979496
TI  - Unilateral Enlargement of the Tongue.

PMID- 19979497
TI  - The Teeth in Rickets.

PMID- 19979499
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979498
TI  - The Treatment of Rickets, based on a New Theory as to the Pathogenesis, with an
      Illustrative Case.

PMID- 19979500
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979501
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979503
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979502
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979504
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979505
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979506
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979507
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979509
TI  - Rectal Wounds in the Present War.

PMID- 19979508
TI  - The Use of Condensers in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Nerve
      Lesions.

PMID- 19979510
TI  - Injuries of the Rectum resulting irom the War.

PMID- 19979512
TI  - Three Cases of Injury to the Rectum from Bullet Wounds.

PMID- 19979511
TI  - Gumma of the Rectum simulating Carcinoma.

PMID- 19979513
TI  - The Treatment of Convalescent Soldiers by Physical Means (with Appendices: Guide
      to Medical Examinations-Remedial Exercises-Tables of Exercises-Observations on
      Heart Conditions by H. J. Seeuwan, M.D.).

PMID- 19979514
TI  - Cinematograph Demonstration of Methods of Bone-grafting.

PMID- 19979515
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19979517
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19979516
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19979518
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19979519
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19979520
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19979521
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979522
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979523
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979525
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979524
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979526
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979528
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

PMID- 19979527
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979529
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979530
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979531
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979532
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART.

PMID- 19979533
TI  - New Treatment of Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19979534
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS BY ALIMENTARY REST.

PMID- 19979535
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS BY ALIMENTARY REST.

PMID- 19979536
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS BY ALIMENTARY REST.

PMID- 19979537
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS BY ALIMENTARY REST.

PMID- 19979538
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS BY ALIMENTARY REST.

PMID- 19979540
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979539
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979541
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979542
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979543
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979544
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979545
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979546
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979547
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979548
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979549
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979550
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979551
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979552
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT BY PHYSICAL METHODS OF MEDICAL DISABILITIES INDUCED
      BY THE WAR.

PMID- 19979554
TI  - Demonstration of the Mensuration Apparatus in use at the Red Cross Clinic for the
      Physical Treatment of Officers, Great Portland Street, London, W.

PMID- 19979553
TI  - On the Distribution of Deaths from Lightning Stroke in England.

PMID- 19979555
TI  - Demonstration of Ergograph.

PMID- 19979556
TI  - The Manipulation Bath.

PMID- 19979557
TI  - Statement and Recommendations on Physical Treatment for Disabled Soldiers.

PMID- 19979558
TI  - The Use of Remedial Baths in association with other Physical Methods in the
      Treatment of Disabled Soldiers: (Interim Report of the War Disablement Committee
      of the Section).

PMID- 19979560
TI  - Case of Indirect Fracture of the Right Patella and Direct Fracture of the Left
      Patella.

PMID- 19979559
TI  - Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans (Non-syphilitic Arteritis Obliterans of Hebrews)
      affecting Three Limbs.

PMID- 19979561
TI  - Congenital (Non-familial) Jaundice, without Splenomegaly, in an otherwise Healthy
      Man, aged 50.

PMID- 19979562
TI  - The Acrocyanotic Type of Sclerodactylia (Early Stage), with Commencing
      Generalized Sclerodermia of Face and Chest.

PMID- 19979563
TI  - Intermittent Claudication of the Right Leg in an Early Case of Thrombo-angiitis
      Obliterans (Non-syphilitic Arteritis Obliterans of Hebrews).

PMID- 19979564
TI  - Cases of Acromegaly.

PMID- 19979565
TI  - Case of Cancer (Epithelioma) of the Tongue in Process of Cure by Shaw-Mackenzie's
      Method.

PMID- 19979566
TI  - Case of Toxic Jaundice due to "T.N.T." (Tri-Nitro-Toluene) Poisoning.

PMID- 19979568
TI  - Intermittent Claudication of the Left Lower Extremity.

PMID- 19979567
TI  - Two Cases of Primary Carcinoma in the Liver, in one of which Thrombosis of the
      Inferior Vena Cava occurred.

PMID- 19979569
TI  - Persistent Hereditary OEdema of the Legs (Milroy's Disease) in Mother and
      Daughter.

PMID- 19979571
TI  - The Pel-Ebstein Recurrent Pyrexial Type of Hodgkin's Disease
      (Lymphogranulomatosis Maligna).

PMID- 19979570
TI  - Progressive Spinal Muscular Atrophy (Duchenne-Aran) following Electric Shock;
      Positive Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19979572
TI  - Chorea Rhythmica in a Man.

PMID- 19979573
TI  - Case of Enlargement of the Lower Jaw (? Leontiasis Ossea).

PMID- 19979574
TI  - Case of Pulmonary Hypertrophic Osteo-arthropathy occurring in a Case of
      Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19979575
TI  - Case of Leucocythaemia Cutis.

PMID- 19979576
TI  - Two Cases of Lupus Erythematosus of Unusual Extent.

PMID- 19979577
TI  - Case of Chronic Ulceration of the Legs in a Young Girl, aged 12.

PMID- 19979579
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis ("Hydroa Gestationis" Type).

PMID- 19979578
TI  - Acneiform Eruption of "Doffers".

PMID- 19979580
TI  - Case of Morvan's Disease (Syringomyelia).

PMID- 19979581
TI  - Case of Post-operative Elephantiasis of the Finger.

PMID- 19979582
TI  - Case of OEdeme bleu de Charcot.

PMID- 19979583
TI  - Cases of Pruritic Dermatitis caused by Infection of Mange from the Kitten.

PMID- 19979584
TI  - Case of Multiple Rodent Ulcer, possibly of Sweat Gland Origin.

PMID- 19979585
TI  - Tuberculosis Cutis in a Patient with Phthisis.

PMID- 19979587
TI  - Multiple Soft Moles.

PMID- 19979586
TI  - Lichen Planus with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19979588
TI  - Lymphadenoma Cutis.

PMID- 19979589
TI  - Case of Iodide Eruption.

PMID- 19979590
TI  - Acne Scrofulosorum and Lichen Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19979591
TI  - Skin Diseases and their Treatment under War Conditions.

PMID- 19979592
TI  - Resistant Eczematous Eruption associated with Erythraemia.

PMID- 19979593
TI  - Sebaceous Adenoma (Pringle Type) in Mother and Daughter.

PMID- 19979595
TI  - Cystic Rodent Ulcer of the Ear and Cheek.

PMID- 19979594
TI  - Case of Maculo-anaesthetic Lepra.

PMID- 19979596
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979597
TI  - Syringomyelic Affection of Two Fingers.

PMID- 19979598
TI  - Case of Syringocystoma.

PMID- 19979599
TI  - A Remarkable Case of Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex.

PMID- 19979600
TI  - Case of Dysidrosis in a Girl with Hemiplegia, most marked in the Paralysed Hand.

PMID- 19979601
TI  - Case of Linear Lichen Planus of Unusual Extent in a Child.

PMID- 19979602
TI  - Case of Severe Iodide Eruption.

PMID- 19979603
TI  - Case of Early Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19979604
TI  - A Culture of Monilia Fungus from a Case of Dermatitis of the Feet.

PMID- 19979605
TI  - Macular Atrophy of the Skin showing the Early raised Erythematous Stage, and
      associated with ordinary Vitiligo.

PMID- 19979606
TI  - Congenital Hirsuties of the Simian Type in a Child.

PMID- 19979607
TI  - Unilateral Striae Atrophicae (Striae Cutis Distensae) of the Thorax.

PMID- 19979608
TI  - Case of Localized Sweating of the Face and (?) Hidrocystoma.

PMID- 19979609
TI  - Multiple Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Sarcoma (Kaposi).

PMID- 19979610
TI  - Case of Circumscribed Sclerodermia (Morphoea) in a Child.

PMID- 19979611
TI  - Case of Secondary Malignant Ulceration of the Skin.

PMID- 19979612
TI  - Acnitis in an Egyptian Soldier.

PMID- 19979613
TI  - Case of Leucocythaemia Cutis.

PMID- 19979614
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; (Epidermolysis Bullosa).

PMID- 19979615
TI  - Case of Fixed Erythema of the Palms.

PMID- 19979616
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979618
TI  - Case of OEdematous Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19979617
TI  - Case of von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19979619
TI  - Case of Lymphadenoma with Cutaneous Lesions.

PMID- 19979620
TI  - Case of Sclerema Neonatorum.

PMID- 19979621
TI  - Case of Acquired Syphilis in a Girl, aged 8.

PMID- 19979622
TI  - Case of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19979623
TI  - Case of Morphoeo-sclerodermia.

PMID- 19979624
TI  - Case of Psoriasis and Lichen Atrophicus.

PMID- 19979625
TI  - Case of Symmetrical Gangrene of the Skin.

PMID- 19979626
TI  - Transitory Keloid excited by Urticaria Papulosa.

PMID- 19979627
TI  - Case of Small-spored Ringworm of the Scalp in an Adult.

PMID- 19979628
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of Hand following Traumatism.

PMID- 19979629
TI  - Case illustrating the Oxidation and Reduction Theory of Therapeusis (Case of
      Mercurial Poisoning cured by Intramine).

PMID- 19979630
TI  - Case of Late Congenital Syphilis Manifestations.

PMID- 19979631
TI  - Treatment of Scabies by Sulphur Fumigation.

PMID- 19979632
TI  - Case of Xantho-erythrodermia Perstans.

PMID- 19979633
TI  - Two Cases of Follicular Keratosis (Lichen Pilaris, Lichen Spinulosus).

PMID- 19979634
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979635
TI  - Case of Dysidrosis (Cheiropompholyx).

PMID- 19979636
TI  - Case of Rodent Ulcer of Scalp treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19979637
TI  - Further Note on a New Method of Bullet Extraction.

PMID- 19979638
TI  - Trauma in the AEtiology of Arthritis.

PMID- 19979639
TI  - A Contribution to the Study of Dosage in Radium Therapy.

PMID- 19979640
TI  - The Recognition of Gas within the Tissues.

PMID- 19979641
TI  - War Injuries of the Jaw.

PMID- 19979642
TI  - Note on the Microscopic Histology and Bacteriology of Gas Gangrene.

PMID- 19979643
TI  - Ultra-violet Radiation.

PMID- 19979644
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979645
TI  - The Electrical Treatment of the Wounded.

PMID- 19979647
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979646
TI  - X-ray Appearances in Gas Gangrene.

PMID- 19979648
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979649
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979650
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979652
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979651
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979653
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979654
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979655
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF WAR INJURIES BY ELECTRICAL METHODS.

PMID- 19979656
TI  - Pharyngeal Pouches.

PMID- 19979657
TI  - The Changes observed in Cases of Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19979658
TI  - The Electrical Department of St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

PMID- 19979659
TI  - On the Origin of Electric Currents led off from the Human Body, especially in
      Relation to "Nerve-leaks".

PMID- 19979660
TI  - A Method of Concentrating Entamoeba Cysts in Stools.

PMID- 19979661
TI  - Conditions which govern the Growth of the Bacillus of "Gas Gangrene" in
      Artificial Culture Media, in the Blood Fluids in vitro, and in the Dead and
      Living Organism.

PMID- 19979662
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979663
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979664
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979666
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979665
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979668
TI  - Summary of the Discussion.

PMID- 19979667
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979669
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979670
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979671
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979672
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979673
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979674
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979675
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979676
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979677
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979678
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979679
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979680
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979681
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979683
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979682
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979684
TI  - Special Discussion on the Origin, Symptoms, Pathology, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
      of Toxic Jaundice observed in Munition Workers.

PMID- 19979685
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19979686
TI  - Case of Adherent Soft Palate.

PMID- 19979687
TI  - Case of Nasopharyngeal Fibroma.

PMID- 19979688
TI  - Case of Right Optic Neuritis caused by Suppuration in the Right Posterior
      Ethmoidal Cells and Sphenoidal Sinus.

PMID- 19979689
TI  - Case of Left Optic Atrophy caused by Suppuration in the Posterior Ethmoidal
      Cells, Sphenoidal and Maxillary Sinuses of the Left Side.

PMID- 19979690
TI  - Case of Acute Osteomyelitis of Frontal Bone secondary to Acute Frontal Sinusitis;
      Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19979691
TI  - Case of Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus, Three and a Third Years after Operation,
      with no Recurrence.

PMID- 19979692
TI  - Skiagram of the Skull of a Patient suffering from Tumour of the Pituitary Body,
      with Brief Notes of Operation and Result.

PMID- 19979693
TI  - Skiagrams illustrating Spasmodic Stricture of the Thoracic OEsophagus.

PMID- 19979694
TI  - Retro-pharyngeal Abscess; Injury to the Cervical Sympathetic-an Unusual
      Complication following Operation by the External Route.

PMID- 19979695
TI  - Syphilitic Disease (Gumma) of the Larynx, treated by Tracheotomy and Galyl
      Injections, complicated by Arsenical Poisoning; Recovery.

PMID- 19979696
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979697
TI  - Case of Nasal Fibroma (of the Right Fossa) with Specimen and Microscopic Section.

PMID- 19979698
TI  - Case of Aphonia.

PMID- 19979699
TI  - Three Cases exemplifying some likely Common Causes of Cancer of the Throat, and
      some Facts about Treatment by Diathermy.

PMID- 19979700
TI  - A Braun's Artificial Larynx worn by a Patient for Five and Three-quarter Years in
      a Case of Laryngofissure for Epithelioma, followed by Complete Excision of the
      Larynx.

PMID- 19979702
TI  - War Injury of the Nose to show Result of Treatment for External Disfigurement and
      Stenosis caused by Shrapnel Wound.

PMID- 19979701
TI  - War Injury of the Nose to show the Result of Treatment for Stenosis caused by a
      Bullet Wound.

PMID- 19979703
TI  - Large Choanal Polypus removed through the Mouth in a Case of Suppuration of the
      Right Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19979705
TI  - Sarcoma of the Right Maxillary Antrum; Lateral Rhinotomy performed (Moure's
      Operation).

PMID- 19979704
TI  - Foreign Body in the Right Maxillary Antrum for Twenty-five Years causing Facial
      Neuralgia, discovered by X-rays and removed by Operation through the Canine
      Fossa.

PMID- 19979707
TI  - Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx removed by Operation.

PMID- 19979706
TI  - Retention Cyst of the Nasal Floor.

PMID- 19979708
TI  - Case of Cystic Goitre.

PMID- 19979709
TI  - Two Cases of Fatal Wounds involving the Carotid Vessels and presenting Unusual
      Features.

PMID- 19979710
TI  - Case of Carcinoma of Nasopharynx in a Girl, aged 17.

PMID- 19979711
TI  - Double Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19979713
TI  - Case of Recurrent Ulceration of the Mouth.

PMID- 19979712
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979714
TI  - Case of Speech without the Use of the Larynx.

PMID- 19979715
TI  - The Relation of Peri-dental Gingivitis to Vincent's Angina.

PMID- 19979716
TI  - Four Cases of Laryngofissure for Epithelioma of the Larynx, shown at Intervals of
      Three and a Quarter Years, Two and a Quarter Years, Ten Months, and Three Months
      after Operation.

PMID- 19979718
TI  - Epithelioma of Left Maxillary Antrum and Left Ethmoid, Four Years after a Moure's
      Operation (Lateral Rhinotomy).

PMID- 19979719
TI  - Round-celled Sarcoma of Right Maxillary Antrum, Ethmoid and Nasal Cavity, Two
      Months after a Moure's Operation (Lateral Rhinotomy).

PMID- 19979717
TI  - Extrinsic Cancer of the Larynx Two and a Half Years after Operation through the
      Side of the Neck.

PMID- 19979720
TI  - Carcinoma of the Right Maxillary and Ethmoid Sinuses, Seven Months after
      Operation by an Oblique Facial Route.

PMID- 19979721
TI  - Carcinoma of the Right Maxillary Antrum; lateral Rhinotomy (Moure's Operation)
      performed.

PMID- 19979722
TI  - Epithelioma of the Nasopharynx; Operation; Diathermy.

PMID- 19979723
TI  - Specimen of Antro-choanal Polypus.

PMID- 19979724
TI  - A Choanal Polypus, originating in the Sphenoidal Sinus of a Child, aged 6.

PMID- 19979725
TI  - Laryngeal Mirror used by Manuel Garcia, the Discoverer of Autolaryngoscopy; also
      the Apparatus used by him to demonstrate the Physiology of the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19979726
TI  - Haematoma (?) of the Posterior End of the Inferior Turbinate.

PMID- 19979727
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Fatal Haemorrhage from Gunshot Wound involving the
      Superior Thyroid Artery.

PMID- 19979729
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Cyst.

PMID- 19979728
TI  - Carcinoma of the Floor of the Mouth treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19979730
TI  - Sarcoma of Ethmoid and Superior Maxilla in a Man aged 39.

PMID- 19979731
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Stridor due to Chronic Osteo-arthritis, relieved by Dilatation.

PMID- 19979732
TI  - Cases and Specimens illustrating Work on Atrophic Rhinitis (Ozaena) and
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19979733
TI  - Case of Symmetrical Fibromata on the Vocal Cords, removed simultaneously by means
      of the Exhibitor's Forceps.

PMID- 19979734
TI  - Lupoid Tuberculosis of the Pharynx in a Boy, aged 8, affecting the Soft Palate
      and Uvula.

PMID- 19979735
TI  - A Series of Twenty-four Foreign Bodies removed from the Air and Food Passages,
      with Indications as to the Lessons to be derived from some of the Exhibitor's
      Experiences.

PMID- 19979736
TI  - Pin in Bronchiole of Posterior Lobe of Right Lung.

PMID- 19979737
TI  - Ethmoiditis causing Blindness.

PMID- 19979738
TI  - Report of Two Cases of Mutton Bones impacted in the OEsophagus; OEsophagoscopy;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19979740
TI  - Remarks on Treatment of Irritative Coughing.

PMID- 19979739
TI  - Infiltration and Ulceration of Vocal Cords; Malignant ?

PMID- 19979741
TI  - Retainers for Tracheotomy Tubes.

PMID- 19979742
TI  - Six Cases of OEsophagectasia.

PMID- 19979743
TI  - Acquired Syphilis of the Lungs.

PMID- 19979744
TI  - Tropical Diseases in the Balkans.

PMID- 19979745
TI  - Presidential Address: The Possible Functions of the Cerebrospinal Fluid.

PMID- 19979746
TI  - On the Relative Perceptions of Movement and a Stationary Object in Certain Visual
      Disturbances due to Occipital Injuries.

PMID- 19979747
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19979748
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19979749
TI  - Gunshot Wound Producing Damage of Twelfth and Spinal Accessory Nerves, with Cross
      Union of their Fibres.

PMID- 19979750
TI  - A Case of Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19979751
TI  - Complete Division of Spinal Cord with return of Reflex Activity below the Lesion.

PMID- 19979752
TI  - Bullet Wound Producing a Segmental and Sensory Lesion of the Brain Stem.

PMID- 19979753
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979754
TI  - Case of Labyrinthine Deafness and Vertigo.

PMID- 19979756
TI  - Case of Myotonia Atrophica.

PMID- 19979755
TI  - Case of Tumour of First Dorsal Region of Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19979758
TI  - Case of Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19979757
TI  - Neuritic Type of Progressive Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth).

PMID- 19979759
TI  - Case of Huntington's Chorea.

PMID- 19979761
TI  - Internal Hydrocephalus ?

PMID- 19979760
TI  - Case of Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19979762
TI  - Neuritic Type of Progressive Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth).

PMID- 19979763
TI  - Fibrolipoma of the Right Broad Ligament weighing 13 1b.

PMID- 19979764
TI  - Recto-vaginal Calculus: a Ureteral Injury.

PMID- 19979765
TI  - Metastatic Glioma (Neuro-epithelioma) of the Right Ovary in a Child aged 3.

PMID- 19979766
TI  - Curious Degeneration of a Cervical Tumour.

PMID- 19979767
TI  - A Calcified Fibroid which caused Complete Axial Rotation of the Uterus.

PMID- 19979768
TI  - Large Vesical Calculus removed through a Vesico-cervico-vaginal Fistula.

PMID- 19979769
TI  - Case of Supravaginal Amputation of Uterus for Sarcoma mistaken for Myoma.

PMID- 19979770
TI  - Two Cases of Supravaginal Amputation of the Uterus for Supposed Myoma found to be
      Sarcoma.

PMID- 19979772
TI  - Concealed Accidental Haemorrhage with Intraperitoneal Bleeding.

PMID- 19979771
TI  - Four Cases of Undiagnosed Cancer of the Cervix in 200 Total Hysterectomies for
      Myoma.

PMID- 19979774
TI  - Decidual Reaction in a Subperitoneal Fibromyoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19979773
TI  - Case of Spontaneous Rupture of the Uterus.

PMID- 19979775
TI  - Post-operative Tympanites: Its Nature and some Points in its Treatment.

PMID- 19979776
TI  - Two Cases of Primary Ovarian Pregnancy (with a Review of the Literature, 1910
      17).

PMID- 19979777
TI  - Acute Toxaemia of Pregnancy, with Acute Nephritis and Accidental Haemorrhage;
      Caesarean Hysterectomy; Recovery.

PMID- 19979778
TI  - Caesarean Section and Hysterectomy for Accidental Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19979779
TI  - Large Ureteral Calculus removed by Abdominal Section.

PMID- 19979780
TI  - The Need for Improvement in the Care of Pregnant Women, and a Direct Means to
      that End.

PMID- 19979781
TI  - The Importance of getting a Pregnant Woman under Medical Supervision and
      affording Her the Necessary Treatment.

PMID- 19979782
TI  - The Importance of getting Medical Practitioners and Midwives to co-operate with
      the Local Health Authorities.

PMID- 19979783
TI  - The Importance of linking up all Organizations for Maternity and Child Welfare in
      Local Health Districts.

PMID- 19979784
TI  - Large Vesical Calculus, 3(1/2) oz., around a Slate Pencil.

PMID- 19979785
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN.

PMID- 19979786
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN.

PMID- 19979787
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN.

PMID- 19979788
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN.

PMID- 19979789
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN.

PMID- 19979790
TI  - Three Ureteral Calculi removed by Abdominal Section.

PMID- 19979791
TI  - A Uterus containing a Carcinoma and a Sarcoma.

PMID- 19979792
TI  - Carcino-sarcoma Uteri.

PMID- 19979794
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19979793
TI  - Simultaneous Bilateral Tubal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19979796
TI  - Mandibular Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19979795
TI  - Case of Facial Restoration by Means of a Mechanical Appliance.

PMID- 19979797
TI  - Comminuted Fracture of the Mandible.

PMID- 19979799
TI  - Cases of Gunshot Injury of the Face and Jaw, with Special Reference to Treatment.

PMID- 19979798
TI  - Report on Treatment of a Case of Shrapnel Wound of the Mandible, in which Bony
      Union was re-established after great loss of Substance.

PMID- 19979800
TI  - Fuso-spirillary Peri-dental Gingivitis.

PMID- 19979801
TI  - Case of Chronic Adhesive Otitis: Myringotomy and Partial Ossiculectomy.

PMID- 19979802
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979804
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979803
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979805
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979807
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979806
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979809
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979808
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979810
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES: Opened by the President
      (Captain H. J. MARRIAGE, R.A.M.C.(T.), F.B.C.S.).

PMID- 19979811
TI  - Cerebrospinal Fluid escaping from the Ear for Twelve Months.

PMID- 19979812
TI  - Objective and Subjective Ticking in the Ears.

PMID- 19979813
TI  - Case of Squamous-celled Carcinoma of the External Auditory Meatus and Tympanum in
      a Young Woman, aged 22.

PMID- 19979815
TI  - Injuries of the Middle and Inner Ear in Fracture of the Cranial Base.

PMID- 19979814
TI  - Another Case of Translabyrinthine Drainage for Streptococcal Lepto-meningitis,
      with Recovery.

PMID- 19979816
TI  - A Note on the Monochord, with some Illustrative Figures.

PMID- 19979817
TI  - Traumatic Dislocation of the Incus, which was found lying in the Antrum in the
      Course of a Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19979818
TI  - A Case of "Cerebellar Storm".

PMID- 19979820
TI  - Labyrinthine Irritation in a Patient on whom a Complete Mastoid Operation had
      been performed some years previously.

PMID- 19979819
TI  - A Doubtful Case of Labyrinthitis.

PMID- 19979821
TI  - Case of Malignant Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19979822
TI  - Anatomical Specimens of the Petrous Bone.

PMID- 19979823
TI  - A Post-mortem Specimen of a Temporal Bone from a Case of Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19979824
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES: Opened by the President
      (Captain H. J. MARRIAGE, R.A.M.C.(T.), F.B.C.S.).

PMID- 19979825
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES: THE MORBID ANATOMY OF WAR
      INJURIES OF THE EAR.

PMID- 19979826
TI  - A Further Case of Otosclerosis associated with Otitis Media.

PMID- 19979827
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979828
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979830
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979829
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979831
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES.

PMID- 19979833
TI  - Grafting Experiments made with Normal Mouse Tissues treated with Cell-free
      Extract of Mouse Cancer, or admixed with the Tumour Pulp, &c.

PMID- 19979832
TI  - A Large Salivary Calculus from Khartoum, Sudan.

PMID- 19979834
TI  - Feeding Experiments made upon Mice, with Mouse Cancer.

PMID- 19979835
TI  - Note on an Amoeboid Body found in the Urine.

PMID- 19979836
TI  - The Changes in the Central Nervous System in Hypothyroidism.

PMID- 19979837
TI  - Pseudotuberculoma silicoticum of the Lip.

PMID- 19979839
TI  - Case of Congenital Hypertrophy of the Lower Limb: With a Note by P. Perrow,
      Lieutenant S.A.A.M.C., Radiologist Nyasaland Field Force.

PMID- 19979838
TI  - Phalangeal Anarthrosis (Synostosis, Ankylosis) transmitted through Fourteen
      Generations.

PMID- 19979840
TI  - Punctiform Haemorrhages of the Brain in Gas Poisoning.

PMID- 19979841
TI  - Case of Heart Failure during an Operation for the Removal of Tonsils and
      Adenoids; Heart Massage through an Abdominal Incision; Recovery.

PMID- 19979842
TI  - Anaesthetics at a Casualty Clearing Station.

PMID- 19979843
TI  - Observations upon the Air under Masks during Ether Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19979844
TI  - Army Sanitation at a Base Camp.

PMID- 19979845
TI  - The Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Fever.

PMID- 19979847
TI  - The Louse Problem.

PMID- 19979846
TI  - The Outbreak of Cerebrospinal Fever at Salisbury in 1914-15.

PMID- 19979848
TI  - Recent Researches into the AEtiology of Typhus.

PMID- 19979850
TI  - A Review of the Medical Literature of the Dark Ages, with a New Text of about
      1110.

PMID- 19979849
TI  - Presidential Address: Legends and Lore of the Genesis of the Healing Art.

PMID- 19979851
TI  - A Revised Chapter in the Life of Dr. William Harvey, 1636.

PMID- 19979852
TI  - The Medical History of the Exiled Stuarts.

PMID- 19979853
TI  - The Figures of the Bristol Guy de Chauliac M (circa 1430).

PMID- 19979854
TI  - A Case of Cupping Instruments.

PMID- 19979855
TI  - A Mediaeval Panacea.

PMID- 19979856
TI  - Pigmented Plaque in Corneo-scleral Junction; ? Nature.

PMID- 19979858
TI  - Bilateral Glioma of the Retina with Multiple Metastases.

PMID- 19979857
TI  - Congenital Pigmentation of the Optic Disk.

PMID- 19979860
TI  - Rupture of the Optic Nerve (?).

PMID- 19979859
TI  - Case of Recurrent Glioma of the Retina.

PMID- 19979861
TI  - Three Cases of Fur Infection of the Conjunctiva from Cats.

PMID- 19979863
TI  - Case of Pigmented Degeneration of the Retina, associated with Epileptic Fits.

PMID- 19979864
TI  - The Retinal Signs of Arteriosclerosis compared with those due simply to Increased
      Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19979862
TI  - Unusual Condition of Choroid (? Congenital).

PMID- 19979865
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS: OPENING ADDRESS BY THE
      PRESIDENT.

PMID- 19979866
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979867
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979868
TI  - Case of Retinal Arterial Disease, with Miliary Aneurysms and Exudates.

PMID- 19979869
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979870
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979871
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979872
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979873
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979874
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF IRITIS.

PMID- 19979875
TI  - Speculum for Use in the Operation of Evisceration of the Sclera, and in
      Enucleation of the Eyeball.

PMID- 19979876
TI  - The Photography of Macroscopic Eye Specimens.

PMID- 19979878
TI  - Morphological Investigations upon the Convolutional Pattern of Relative Brains in
      Man.

PMID- 19979877
TI  - Mental Disorders in Civilians arising in Connexion with the War: (Presidential
      Address).

PMID- 19979879
TI  - Histological Examination of the Ovaries in Mental Disease.

PMID- 19979881
TI  - A Family showing Cleido-cranio-dysostosis.

PMID- 19979880
TI  - Studies on Endocrine Organs of Dementia Praecox.

PMID- 19979882
TI  - Cerebral Degeneration and Epileptiform Fits, with Amaurosis, in an Only Child.

PMID- 19979884
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva in a Male.

PMID- 19979883
TI  - A Rare Disease in Two Brothers.

PMID- 19979885
TI  - Bilateral Optic Nerve Atrophy in a Child, with Positive Wassermann Reaction and
      History of Infantile Convulsions.

PMID- 19979886
TI  - Congenital Word- and Letter-Blindness-Congenital Alexia, with Agraphia, without
      Aphasia.

PMID- 19979887
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Periostitis and Epiphysitis in One of Twins, without other
      Marked Signs of Syphilis.

PMID- 19979888
TI  - The Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta shown in March, 1916, at a very Early Stage.

PMID- 19979889
TI  - Case of Congenital Defect of the Duodenum, in which Bile was found both above and
      below the Absent Portion.

PMID- 19979890
TI  - Status Lymphaticus from the Clinical Standpoint.

PMID- 19979891
TI  - Werdnig-Hoffmann Type of Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19979892
TI  - Case of OEsophageal Stricture.

PMID- 19979893
TI  - Cerebral Diplegia with Abnormal Flexibility ("Atony") of Ankle Joints.

PMID- 19979895
TI  - Case of Ascites of Obscure Origin.

PMID- 19979894
TI  - Case of Family Splenomegalic Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19979896
TI  - Case of Dystrophia Adiposa Genitalis, with Congenital Lues.

PMID- 19979898
TI  - Case of Dermato-myositis.

PMID- 19979897
TI  - Case of Diabetes and Infantilism.

PMID- 19979900
TI  - Case of Hereditary Neuro-fibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's Disease).

PMID- 19979899
TI  - Hereditary and Familial von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19979901
TI  - A Case of Chest for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979902
TI  - Inscriptions of Speech in Cerebral Diplegia, with Indications of a New Method of
      Treatment.

PMID- 19979903
TI  - A Case of Cyclic Vomiting with Acetonaemia (Acidosis): Remarks on Non-diabetic
      Acetonuria and Diaceturia.

PMID- 19979905
TI  - Papulo-Necrotic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19979904
TI  - Congenital Atresia of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19979906
TI  - Pityriasis Rosea with Unusual Distribution.

PMID- 19979908
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979907
TI  - Acute Pneumonia with Hyperpyrexia, followed by Heart-block.

PMID- 19979909
TI  - Case of Precocious Sexual Development.

PMID- 19979911
TI  - Case of Supposed Intrathoracic Neoplasm.

PMID- 19979910
TI  - Case of Fragilitas Ossium.

PMID- 19979912
TI  - Case of Vitiligo.

PMID- 19979913
TI  - Case of Teratoma.

PMID- 19979914
TI  - Pathological Specimens: Thoracic Contents and Brain; Extensive Tuberculous
      Infiltration.

PMID- 19979915
TI  - Some Points in Lateral Curvature of the Spine.

PMID- 19979916
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19979917
TI  - Case of Juvenile General Paralysis, with Hypopituitarism. (With Demonstrations of
      Speech Inscriptions by E. W. Scripture, M.D.).

PMID- 19979918
TI  - Case of Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19979919
TI  - Case of Splenic Enlargement.

PMID- 19979921
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979920
TI  - Juvenile Bilateral Optic Nerve Atrophy, connected with Inherited Syphilis,
      corresponding perhaps to the Optic Atrophy sometimes following Acquired Syphilis
      in Adults, with or without definite Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19979922
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979923
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979924
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979925
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979926
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19979927
TI  - Sterilization of Wounds, Treatment of Suppurating Wounds and Osteomyelitis
      (Carrel Method).

PMID- 19979928
TI  - The Treatment of Severe Infected Gunshot Injuries of the Shoulder and Elbow
      joints; Early Excision to secure Mobility.

PMID- 19979929
TI  - Closure of Colostomy Opening for Carcinoma of Pelvic Colon by Greig Smith's
      Method.

PMID- 19979930
TI  - Case of Abdomino-perineal Excision in a Man, aged 29.

PMID- 19979931
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS OF MAKING AND CLOSING COLOSTOMY OPENINGS.

PMID- 19979933
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS OF MAKING AND CLOSING COLOSTOMY OPENINGS.

PMID- 19979932
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS OF MAKING AND CLOSING COLOSTOMY OPENINGS.

PMID- 19979934
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS OF MAKING AND CLOSING COLOSTOMY OPENINGS.

PMID- 19979935
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS OF MAKING AND CLOSING COLOSTOMY OPENINGS.

PMID- 19979936
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS OF MAKING AND CLOSING COLOSTOMY OPENINGS.

PMID- 19979937
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS OF MAKING AND CLOSING COLOSTOMY OPENINGS.

PMID- 19979938
TI  - A Clinical Study of Anaerobic Wound Infection, with an Analysis Of 107 Cases of
      Gas Gangrene.

PMID- 19979939
TI  - The Principles of the Transfusion of Blood.

PMID- 19979940
TI  - Cheltenham: Its Mineral Waters and Climate.

PMID- 19979941
TI  - Case of Circinate Erythema, possibly the "Erytheme Annulaire Centrifuge" of
      Darier.

PMID- 19979943
TI  - Case of Acne Varioliformis.

PMID- 19979942
TI  - Case of Acne Agminata (of Radcliffe-Crocker).

PMID- 19979944
TI  - Case of (?) Miliary Syphilide.

PMID- 19979946
TI  - Case of Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 19979945
TI  - Angiokeratoma.

PMID- 19979947
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979948
TI  - Severe Case of Tertiary Syphilis of the Scalp and Face.

PMID- 19979949
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: possibly an early case of the miscalled Multiple Idiopathic
      Haemorrhagic Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19979950
TI  - Case of Grouped Comedones in an Infant.

PMID- 19979951
TI  - Erythema Multiforme Perstans.

PMID- 19979952
TI  - Four Cases of Dermatitis due to High Explosives used in the recent Air Raids.

PMID- 19979953
TI  - "Accladiosis".

PMID- 19979954
TI  - Case of Sclerodactyly.

PMID- 19979956
TI  - Case of Ulcus Molle Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19979955
TI  - Case of so-called Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19979957
TI  - Case of Acne Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19979958
TI  - Case of Primary Syphilitic Chancre of the Umbilicus.

PMID- 19979959
TI  - Case of Adenoma Sebaceum; Pringle Type.

PMID- 19979961
TI  - Erythema Elevatum Diutinum.

PMID- 19979960
TI  - Two Cases of Morphoea Guttata.

PMID- 19979962
TI  - Case of Lymphangioma Tuberosum Multiplex.

PMID- 19979963
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19979964
TI  - Case of Bromide Eruption.

PMID- 19979966
TI  - Bullous Urticaria in a Baby.

PMID- 19979965
TI  - Case of Keratosis Follicularis (Darier's Disease).

PMID- 19979967
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rosea with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19979969
TI  - Case of Impetigo of Bockhart of Unusual Extent and Severity.

PMID- 19979968
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus following upon Ringworm of the Scalp in an Adult
      treated with X-rays.

PMID- 19979970
TI  - Case of Fibrosarcomata, grouped in a Peculiar Manner, on the Chest.

PMID- 19979971
TI  - Multiple Rodent Ulcers with X-ray Burns.

PMID- 19979972
TI  - Case of Extensive Dermatitis, possibly Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19979974
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979973
TI  - Case of Trophic Ulceration of the Foot after Gunshot Wound.

PMID- 19979975
TI  - Case of Psoriasis.

PMID- 19979977
TI  - Case of Erythema ab igne, or possibly "Melanopathia Syphilitica" of Wilson.

PMID- 19979976
TI  - Case of Acne Keloid.

PMID- 19979978
TI  - Case of Lupus Vulgaris, with Cutaneous Horns.

PMID- 19979979
TI  - Case of Keloid (?).

PMID- 19979980
TI  - Case of Keloid in a Child, aged 7.

PMID- 19979982
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979981
TI  - A Syphilide with Resemblances to Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19979984
TI  - Case of Persistent Erythema.

PMID- 19979983
TI  - Small-spored Ringworm in a Woman, aged 37.

PMID- 19979985
TI  - Two Cases of Alopecia Areata.

PMID- 19979986
TI  - Case of Lupus Mutilans.

PMID- 19979987
TI  - Case of Rodent Ulcer treated by Radium.

PMID- 19979988
TI  - Case of Linear Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19979989
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979990
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979991
TI  - Case of Prurigo diathesique de Besnier.

PMID- 19979992
TI  - Case of Pruritus in Hodgkin's Disease-Lymphogranulomatosis Pruriginosa.

PMID- 19979993
TI  - Photographs of a Severe Case of Congenital Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19979995
TI  - Tumour of the Parotids involving the Skin.

PMID- 19979994
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19979997
TI  - Further Report on Case of Extensive Dermatitis, shown on December 20, 1917.

PMID- 19979996
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of Unusual Distribution and Character.

PMID- 19979998
TI  - Syphilitic Rash first appearing after Twenty-three Injections of Novarsenobillon.

PMID- 19979999
TI  - Case of Acute Generalized Lichen Planus treated by Lumbar Puncture.

PMID- 19980000
TI  - Three Cases of Fibroma Molluscum.

PMID- 19980001
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980003
TI  - Case of Extensive Naevus of the Trunk and Extremities, involving the Palms and
      Soles.

PMID- 19980002
TI  - Punctate Keratosis of the Palms of the Hands and Soles of the Feet; two Cases
      occurring in Cousins-german.

PMID- 19980005
TI  - Case of Hodgkin's Disease with Prurigo.

PMID- 19980004
TI  - Case of Multiple Morphoeo-sclerodermia.

PMID- 19980006
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19980007
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19980008
TI  - Case of Guttate Morphoea-Striae et Maculae Atrophicae.

PMID- 19980010
TI  - Case of pre-Mycotic Erythrodermia (Early Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19980009
TI  - Lichen Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19980011
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19980012
TI  - Ichthyosis Hystrix Linearis of Palms.

PMID- 19980013
TI  - President's Address: The Necessity for Education in Radiology and Electro
      Therapeutics.

PMID- 19980015
TI  - Hair-ball in the Stomach.

PMID- 19980014
TI  - Naevus treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19980016
TI  - Abnormal Condition of the OEsophagus, Stomach and Colon.

PMID- 19980017
TI  - A Convenient Method of Heating the Spiral of the Coolidge Tube.

PMID- 19980018
TI  - The Interpretation of certain Electro-Physiological Phenomena: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980019
TI  - The Treatment of Cases with Injury to Peripheral Nerves : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980020
TI  - Adjourned Discussion on "The Treatment of Cases with Injury to Peripheral
      Nerves".

PMID- 19980021
TI  - Surgical Diathermy : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980022
TI  - The Irritant Nature of War Scar Tissue.

PMID- 19980023
TI  - A Mobile X-ray Wagon Unit: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980024
TI  - A Portable "Snook" Apparatus. (2) A Transformer for heating current of the
      Coolidge Tube : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980025
TI  - Heliotherapy and X-rays in the Treatment of Surgical Tuberculosis: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980026
TI  - Note on a New Counting Chamber for the Enumeration of Protozoa and other
      Organisms.

PMID- 19980027
TI  - The Early Treatment of Wounds at the Front, with Special Regard to Primary Suture
      : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980028
TI  - The Characteristics of Amputation Neuromata.

PMID- 19980029
TI  - The Surgery of Painful Amputation Stumps.

PMID- 19980031
TI  - Case of Nasal Fibroma (of the Right Fossa) with Specimen and Microscopic Section.

PMID- 19980030
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19980032
TI  - New Laryngotomy and Tracheotomy Tube.

PMID- 19980034
TI  - Case of Frontal Sinus Suppuration; Suppurative Meningitis for Fourteen Days;
      Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19980033
TI  - Epithelioma of Soft Palate and Uvula.

PMID- 19980035
TI  - Calculus of Tonsil.

PMID- 19980036
TI  - Tumour of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19980037
TI  - Case of Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19980039
TI  - Three Cases of Symmetrical Nodules of the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19980038
TI  - Case of Orbital Tumour.

PMID- 19980040
TI  - Symmetrical Ulceration of the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19980042
TI  - Case of Hyper-adduction of the Left Arytaenoid Cartilage.

PMID- 19980041
TI  - Notes on a Case of a Tumour of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19980043
TI  - Shrapnel Embedded in the Neck.

PMID- 19980044
TI  - Case of Double Lachrymal Stenosis; Right Side successfully treated by Internal
      Dacryocystotomy (West's operation).

PMID- 19980045
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980046
TI  - Case of Thyrofissure and Removal of Right Cord six years after Operation.

PMID- 19980047
TI  - Pedunculated Carcinoma of Pharynx.

PMID- 19980048
TI  - Photographs of Two Children with Congenital Appendages (Teratoid Tumours) of the
      Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19980049
TI  - Specimens of Naso-antral Polypi with Antral Attachment.

PMID- 19980050
TI  - Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx; Laryngo-fissure and Semi-demi-laryngectomy, one
      year after Operation.

PMID- 19980051
TI  - Extrinsic Cancer of the Larynx, four years after Operation by Mr. Wilfred Trotter
      through the side of the Neck.

PMID- 19980052
TI  - Extreme Alar Collapse.

PMID- 19980053
TI  - Foreign Body impacted in the Trachea (part of the shell of a Brazil nut).

PMID- 19980054
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx, in a Lady, aged 46, Ten Months after Laryngofissure.

PMID- 19980055
TI  - Carcinoma of Fauces treated by Per-Oral Excision, followed by Diathermy.

PMID- 19980056
TI  - Case of Papilloma of the Nose.

PMID- 19980057
TI  - Perichondritis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19980058
TI  - Tumour of the Palate in a Child, aged 8 months, for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980060
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980059
TI  - Tumour of Pharynx.

PMID- 19980061
TI  - Repair of Nose by Paraffin Injection.

PMID- 19980062
TI  - Patient from whom a large Malignant Growth has been removed from Right Antrum.

PMID- 19980063
TI  - Tonsil Artery Forceps.

PMID- 19980065
TI  - Fixation of both Vocal Cords; Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19980064
TI  - Intranasal Frontal Sinus Operation under Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19980066
TI  - A Case of Proptosis of the Left Eye.

PMID- 19980067
TI  - Papilloma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19980068
TI  - Transplantation of Cartilage into the Septum.

PMID- 19980069
TI  - A Microscopic Section from the Case of a Tumour of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19980070
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis of the Pharynx, clinically resembling Tuberculosis of a Lupoid
      Type.

PMID- 19980071
TI  - Brain from a Patient who presented Nystagmoid Movements in the Pharynx and
      Larynx.

PMID- 19980073
TI  - Cases of Epithelioma of Larynx removed by "Window" Resection of the Thyroid
      Cartilage.

PMID- 19980072
TI  - Simple Method of Recording Diagrammatically Movements of the Vocal Cords; with
      special reference to Tremors (Epidiascope demonstration).

PMID- 19980074
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx, in a Gentleman aged 63, under Treatment with the
      Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19980075
TI  - Thyroid Tumour at Base of Tongue.

PMID- 19980076
TI  - Submaxillary Gland Suppuration.

PMID- 19980077
TI  - A Large Submaxillary Calculus.

PMID- 19980078
TI  - A Large Dental Cyst involving the Floor of the Nose.

PMID- 19980079
TI  - The Result of the Removal of Large Dental Cysts.

PMID- 19980080
TI  - A Dental Cyst involving the Nose.

PMID- 19980081
TI  - Extensive Tuberculosis of the Larynx, Completely Cicatrized under Sanatorium
      Silence and Galvano-cautery Treatment.

PMID- 19980082
TI  - A Colony of Actinomyces in the Crypt of a Tonsil.

PMID- 19980083
TI  - Paralysis of the Arytaenoideus of a Woman, aged 24.

PMID- 19980084
TI  - Case of Trichotillomania with Delusions of Nasal Origin.

PMID- 19980085
TI  - Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis in a Patient suffering from
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19980086
TI  - Double Perforation of the Septum Nasi with Peculiar Appearance of Soft Palate, in
      a Man, aged 46.

PMID- 19980087
TI  - Thyro-lingual Cyst in a Girl, aged 20.

PMID- 19980089
TI  - Crossing of Arytaenoids.

PMID- 19980088
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980090
TI  - Case of Double Dacryocystitis.

PMID- 19980091
TI  - Epidiascope Demonstration of Specimens from Cases of Warfare Injuries of the
      Larynx.

PMID- 19980092
TI  - Case of Gunshot Wound of Larynx.

PMID- 19980094
TI  - Cases of Gunshot Wound of Larynx.

PMID- 19980093
TI  - Case of Gunshot Wound of Larynx.

PMID- 19980095
TI  - Case of Shrapnel Wound of Trachea.

PMID- 19980096
TI  - Cases of Gunshot Wound of Larynx.

PMID- 19980097
TI  - Case of Shrapnel Wound of Neck and Larynx.

PMID- 19980099
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980098
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980100
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980101
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980102
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980103
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980105
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980104
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980107
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980106
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980108
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980109
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980110
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980111
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980113
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980112
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980115
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980114
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980116
TI  - Lupoid Tuberculosis of the Pharynx affecting the Soft Palate and Uvula, in a Boy,
      aged 8, the subject of Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19980118
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WARFARE INJURIES AND NEUROSES OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19980117
TI  - Male, aged 22, who presented himself with a Saddle-back Nose, consequent on a
      Resection of the Septum, performed in the Country.

PMID- 19980119
TI  - Lupoid Tuberculosis of the Nose and Larynx, in a Girl, aged 17.

PMID- 19980121
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980120
TI  - Result of Treatment by Diathermy of Extensive Epithelioma, affecting the Soft and
      Hard Palate, Tonsils, and Faucial Pillars.

PMID- 19980122
TI  - President's Address: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980123
TI  - Fusiform Dilatation of the OEsophagus, coated with Oidium albicans, in a Girl,
      aged 15, and apparently Idiopathic.

PMID- 19980124
TI  - Epithelioma of the Ethmoidal Labyrinth; Lateral Rhinotomy; Removal.

PMID- 19980125
TI  - Excision of the Upper Jaw for Carcinoma of Antrum and Palate, followed by
      Diathermy.

PMID- 19980126
TI  - Excision of the Retro-pharyngeal Gland for Recurring Retro-pharyngeal Abscess of
      Tubercular Origin.

PMID- 19980127
TI  - Sarcoma of the Antrum.

PMID- 19980128
TI  - A Tonsil Forceps.

PMID- 19980129
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord in a Man, aged 39.

PMID- 19980131
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis of the Pharynx in a Female, aged 44, clinically resembling
      Tuberculosis of a Lupoid Type.

PMID- 19980130
TI  - Lupoid Tuberculosis of the Pharynx, affecting the Soft Palate and Uvula, in a
      Boy, aged 8, the Subject of Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19980132
TI  - Tertiary Syphilis of the Pharynx in a Female, aged 44, clinically resembling
      Tuberculosis of a Lupoid Type.

PMID- 19980133
TI  - Complete Paresis of the Left Vocal Cord due to a Mediastinal Growth.

PMID- 19980134
TI  - Illustrations of Nasal Endo-rhinoscopy (Epidiascope).

PMID- 19980135
TI  - A Piece of Mutton Bone removed from the Entrance to the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19980136
TI  - Fibro-papilloma of Trachea; Removal by External Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19980137
TI  - Fracture of Four Rings of the Trachea; Urgent Dyspnoea; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19980138
TI  - Case of Complete Laryngectomy.

PMID- 19980139
TI  - Congenital Deformity showing a Nose with Four Nostrils.

PMID- 19980140
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Growth for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980142
TI  - Photographs, Specimen and Slide from Case of Teratoid Growth or Hairy Polypus of
      the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19980141
TI  - Case of Fibrosarcoma (?).

PMID- 19980144
TI  - Retention Cyst of the Nasal Floor.

PMID- 19980143
TI  - Collection of Dental Cysts and Cysts of Floor of the Nose.

PMID- 19980145
TI  - Pharyngeal Pouch treated by Diverticulo-pexy.

PMID- 19980146
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis of the Larynx in a Female Patient; Dyspnoea and
      Regurgitation of Liquids during Drinking relieved by Intralaryngeal Operation.

PMID- 19980147
TI  - Case of Fibro-papilloma of Larynx simulating Laryngeal Tuberculosis in a Middle
      aged Soldier; Pendulous Epiglottis; Removal of Growth by means of Snare and
      Forceps.

PMID- 19980148
TI  - Case of Multiple Papillomata of the Larynx in a Child; Tracheotomy and Removal
      under Suspension Laryngoscopy; Decanulization; Subsequent Recurrence of Stridor;
      Reintroduction of Tube; Larynx found almost clear by Indirect Laryngoscopy;
      Tentative Removal of Tube.

PMID- 19980150
TI  - Multiple Papillomata of Larynx removed by Operation (Suspension Method) after
      Tracheotomy; Death Five Weeks later from Acute Membranous Tracheitis and
      Bronchitis.

PMID- 19980149
TI  - Lipoma of Larynx removed by Operation (Specimen exhibited).

PMID- 19980151
TI  - Specimen of Epithelioma of Left Vocal Cord Two Years after Operation.

PMID- 19980153
TI  - Case of Pre-tracheal Abscess of Acute Development, in a Middle-aged Woman,
      producing Dysphagia and Dyspnoea.

PMID- 19980152
TI  - Case of Foreign Body (Collar Stud) in Left Bronchus of a Child, producing
      Collapse of Lung of a Year's Duration.

PMID- 19980154
TI  - A Surgical Contretemps, illustrating the Value of Endoscopy.

PMID- 19980156
TI  - Stenosis of the Glottis, from a Combination of Tubercle and Syphilis, in a Woman,
      aged 51, requiring Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19980155
TI  - Osteoma of Left Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19980157
TI  - Stenosis of the Glottis, from Combined Tubercle and Syphilis requiring
      Tracheotomy, in a Man, aged 41.

PMID- 19980158
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord in a Woman, aged 32.

PMID- 19980159
TI  - Cyst of the Epiglottis of Unusual Size.

PMID- 19980160
TI  - A Larynx with a Cystic Tumour of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19980161
TI  - "Fibrosarcoma" of Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19980162
TI  - Endothelioma of the Post-nasal Space.

PMID- 19980163
TI  - Salivary Calculus.

PMID- 19980164
TI  - Removal of Foreign Body Impacted in the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19980165
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Larynx.

PMID- 19980166
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980168
TI  - Demonstration on Rhinoplasty.

PMID- 19980167
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis of Larynx.

PMID- 19980169
TI  - Case of Total Loss of Hard Palate and Exposure of the Antral Cavities in the
      Mouth.

PMID- 19980170
TI  - Case of Total Loss of Nose, illustrating the Method of Advancement of the
      Turbinals.

PMID- 19980171
TI  - Shrapnel Wound of the Left Side of the Face.

PMID- 19980172
TI  - Case of Sunken-in Nose, illustrating the Employment of an Autogenous Costal
      Cartilage Graft for Septal Support.

PMID- 19980173
TI  - Notes on a Case of Post-traumatic Laryngeal Stenosis treated by Homologous
      Cartilage Graft.

PMID- 19980174
TI  - Rhinoplastic Case.

PMID- 19980175
TI  - Turbinal Shifts and Septal Swings.

PMID- 19980176
TI  - A Note on Serum Sickness in Cerebrospinal Meningitis: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980177
TI  - Serum Disease after Intrathecal Injections of Serum: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980178
TI  - President's Address: Aphasia in Relation to Mental Disease.

PMID- 19980179
TI  - Muscular Atrophy and other Changes in Nutrition associated with Lesions of the
      Sensory Cortex of the Brain, with Especial Reference to the Possible Existence of
      Trophic Representation in the Post-central Areas.

PMID- 19980180
TI  - Cases of Wounds of the Nervous System.

PMID- 19980181
TI  - Muscular Hypotonia and Changes in Nutrition associated with Lesions of the
      Posterior Columns of the Spinal Cord and of the Posterior Roots.

PMID- 19980182
TI  - Cinematograph Demonstration of War Neuroses.

PMID- 19980183
TI  - Essentials of Treatment of Soldiers and Discharged Soldiers suffering from
      Functional Nervous Disorders.

PMID- 19980184
TI  - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE SECTION OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF SCOPOLAMINE-MORPHINE NARCOSIS, "TWILIGHT SLEEP," IN
      CHILDBIRTH.

PMID- 19980185
TI  - Report on Eighty Cases at St. Thomas's Hospital.

PMID- 19980186
TI  - Report on Twenty Cases at the General Lying-in Hospital, York Road, S.E.

PMID- 19980187
TI  - Report on Sixty-seven Cases at Queen Charlotte's Hospital.

PMID- 19980189
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980188
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital.

PMID- 19980190
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980191
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980192
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980193
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980194
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980195
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980196
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980197
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980198
TI  - Report on Sixty-five Cases at the City of London Lying-in Hospital: Discussion.

PMID- 19980199
TI  - Inversion of the Uterus complicated by Intestinal Obstruction.

PMID- 19980200
TI  - Undiagnosed Cancer of the Body of the Uterus complicating Myoma treated by Total
      Abdominal Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19980201
TI  - Removal of an Endotheliomatous Dermoid of the Ovary and (thirteen and a half
      years later) a Fibro-endothelioma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19980202
TI  - Report on Twenty Cases at St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

PMID- 19980203
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19980205
TI  - Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis treated by Ionization of Periodontal Membrane.

PMID- 19980204
TI  - Tooth impacted in a Secondary Bronchus of the Left Lung; Removal by Tracheotomy
      and Lower Bronchoscopy after Two Unsuccessful Attempts by Upper Bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19980206
TI  - Some Principles involved in the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures.

PMID- 19980208
TI  - On the Tubular Enamel of Marsupials.

PMID- 19980207
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Ununited Fractures of the Mandible.

PMID- 19980209
TI  - A Short Account of a Year's Work at one of the Jaw Injuries Centres of the London
      Command.

PMID- 19980210
TI  - The Bruhn-Lindemann Needle Extension for fixing Edentulous Portions of a
      Fractured Mandible.

PMID- 19980211
TI  - Splints combined with Sutures through the Bone for the Immobilization of
      Extensive Fractures of the Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19980212
TI  - Arthroplasty of Temporo-mandibular Joint for Ankylosis.

PMID- 19980213
TI  - The "Screw-lever" Splint.

PMID- 19980214
TI  - The After-death Destruction of Teeth and Bones by Mould Fungus.

PMID- 19980216
TI  - Case of Cholesteatoma exposing the Lateral Sinus.

PMID- 19980215
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19980217
TI  - Case of Complete Deafness and Complete Loss of Labyrinth Function; ? Cause.

PMID- 19980218
TI  - Myiasis of the Ear-Larva of the Flesh Fly.

PMID- 19980219
TI  - Gastro-intestinal Sepsis, a Cause of Meniere's Symptoms.

PMID- 19980221
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980220
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980222
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980223
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980224
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980225
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980226
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980227
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980228
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980229
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980230
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980231
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980232
TI  - The Report of the Committee of Otological Research.

PMID- 19980233
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980234
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980235
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980236
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980237
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980238
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980240
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980239
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE NOSE ON THE EAR.

PMID- 19980242
TI  - Recurrent Herpes of Auricle in a Boy, aged 9.

PMID- 19980241
TI  - Aural Bacteraemia, with Illustrative Cases : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980243
TI  - Acute Mastoiditis in a Boy, aged 8; Spontaneous Recovery.

PMID- 19980244
TI  - Parotid Fistula of Twelve Months' Duration in a Man, aged 50.

PMID- 19980245
TI  - Depressed Scar following Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19980247
TI  - Extradural Abscess perforating Skull.

PMID- 19980246
TI  - Latent Mastoid Abscess.

PMID- 19980248
TI  - Boy, aged 11, with a Cystic Swelling occluding the Right Cartilaginous Meatus ?
      Dermoid Cyst.

PMID- 19980250
TI  - Case of Cerebral Abscess; Hernia cerebri; Avulsion of Abscess Wall; Complete
      Homolateral Ophthalmoplegia; Recovery.

PMID- 19980249
TI  - Loss of Hearing due to Delay in Operating.

PMID- 19980251
TI  - Case of Subacute Mastoiditis; Paralysis of corresponding Sixth Nerve, recovering;
      Latent Maxillary Antral Infection, illustrating the advantageous Exploration of
      Sinuses by the Suction Syringe.

PMID- 19980252
TI  - Concentric Narrowing of each Meatus following Scarlet Fever at the age of 5.

PMID- 19980253
TI  - Case of Aural Fibroma.

PMID- 19980254
TI  - A Series of Consecutive Cases in which the Mastoid has been operated on for Acute
      Suppurative Inflammation, B.I.P. (bismuth, iodoform, and liquid paraffin)
      inserted, and the External Wound sutured in its entire length at the Close of the
      Operation : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980255
TI  - Foreign Body, a Green Pea, removed from Middle Ear by Post-aural Operation on a
      Boy, aged 10.

PMID- 19980256
TI  - Case of Chronic Suppuration of the Middle Ear and Cholesteatoma treated by
      Radical Mastoid Operation, with Retention of the Cholesteatoma Matrix.

PMID- 19980258
TI  - A War Injury of the Ear.

PMID- 19980257
TI  - Case of Orchitis and Deafness.

PMID- 19980259
TI  - An Attempt at the Experimental Production of Carcinoma by Means of Radium.

PMID- 19980261
TI  - Osteomalacia Sclerotica-"Boomerang" Bones, Corkscrew Bones-the so-called
      "Boomerang" Leg; Sclerosing Panosteitis of the Long Bones preceded by Softening
      and Plasticity, and resulting in Considerable Deformity.

PMID- 19980260
TI  - Tumours arising from Endothelium.

PMID- 19980262
TI  - Disruptive Phenomena in Gunshot Injuries.

PMID- 19980263
TI  - The Administration of Anaesthetics in Home Military Hospitals.

PMID- 19980264
TI  - Apparatus for Administering Oxygen with Ether and Chloroform.

PMID- 19980266
TI  - New Foot-key for Gas Cylinders.

PMID- 19980265
TI  - Some Considerations on the Physiology of Anaesthesia by Chloroform.

PMID- 19980268
TI  - Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen-Ether Outfit.

PMID- 19980267
TI  - Combined Gas, Oxygen, Ether and Warmed Ether Apparatus: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980269
TI  - President's Address: Epidemics of the Eastern Campaigns.

PMID- 19980270
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INCIDENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19980271
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INCIDENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19980272
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INCIDENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19980273
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INCIDENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19980274
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INCIDENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19980276
TI  - A Pandemic of Typhus in Serbia in 1914 and 1915.

PMID- 19980275
TI  - The Epidemiology of Tri-nitro-toluene Poisoning.

PMID- 19980277
TI  - On some Special Problems of the Italian Medical War Services.

PMID- 19980278
TI  - An Epidemiological Study of the Food Problem.

PMID- 19980279
TI  - Certain Aspects of the Theory of Epidemiology in Special Relation to Plague.

PMID- 19980280
TI  - Changes in the Vitreous resulting from Penetrating Septic Wounds: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980282
TI  - Coloboma of Optic Disk and Choroid.

PMID- 19980281
TI  - Implantation Cyst in a Girl, aged 14.

PMID- 19980283
TI  - A Luminous Type for Estimating the Light Sense in Night Blindness.

PMID- 19980284
TI  - Neuro-retinitis after Chicken-pox.

PMID- 19980285
TI  - Hysterical Disorders of Vision: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980287
TI  - Note on the Direct Observation of the Fundus Oculi during a Period of Temporary
      Blindness: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980286
TI  - A New Form of Bi-focal for Myopes: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980288
TI  - Case of Mooren's Ulcer.

PMID- 19980289
TI  - Old Choroidal Scar with Fibrous Band stretching from it to the Disk.

PMID- 19980290
TI  - The Repression of War Experience.

PMID- 19980291
TI  - War Shock and Freud's Theory of the Neuroses.

PMID- 19980292
TI  - Case of Amaurosis following Violent Convulsions.

PMID- 19980293
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980294
TI  - Case of Amaurosis following Violent Convulsions (shown also at last Meeting).

PMID- 19980295
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Left Temporo-maxillary Joint and both Hip Joints.

PMID- 19980296
TI  - Vitiligo Patches with Central Pigmented Mole.

PMID- 19980298
TI  - Cases of Cretinism.

PMID- 19980297
TI  - Case of Primary Sarcoma of Lung, with Specimens.

PMID- 19980299
TI  - Case of Osteomalacia and Infantilism, with Horseshoe Kidney and Interstitial
      Nephritis.

PMID- 19980300
TI  - Case of Osteomalacia and Infantilism, with Renal Deficiency.

PMID- 19980301
TI  - Case of Erythromelalgia.

PMID- 19980302
TI  - Congenital Obliteration of the Bile-ducts: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980303
TI  - Case of Haemophilia with Effusion into Knee-joints.

PMID- 19980304
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease in a Mentally Defective Child, with a Negroid-Mongoloid
      Facies.

PMID- 19980305
TI  - Specimens of Case of Enlarged Liver and Spleen, shown at the Meeting in November,
      1917.

PMID- 19980306
TI  - Enlarged Suprarenals and Sudden Death in an Infant.

PMID- 19980307
TI  - Case of Haemophilia.

PMID- 19980309
TI  - Case of Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19980308
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis ? Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19980311
TI  - Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Fragilitas Ossium, Foetal Rickets).

PMID- 19980310
TI  - Case of Haemophilia with Effusion into Knee-joints.

PMID- 19980312
TI  - Coagulation of the Blood in Purpura and Haemophilia: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980314
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980313
TI  - Agminated Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19980315
TI  - Perithelioma of the Orbit.

PMID- 19980317
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "BOTULISM.".

PMID- 19980316
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "BOTULISM.".

PMID- 19980318
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "BOTULISM.".

PMID- 19980319
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "BOTULISM.".

PMID- 19980320
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "BOTULISM.".

PMID- 19980322
TI  - Case of Myotonia.

PMID- 19980321
TI  - Case of Anaemia with unusual Blood Count.

PMID- 19980324
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980323
TI  - Note on Three Cases of Melaena Neonatorum successfully treated by the Injection
      of Whole Blood or Blood Serum.

PMID- 19980325
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980326
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980327
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980328
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980329
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980330
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980331
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980332
TI  - On the Comparative Value of the Digitalis Series of Remedies in the Heart Failure
      of Auricular Fibrillation, and the Changes in the Clinical Features of Mitral
      Stenosis after Fibrillation of the Auricle.

PMID- 19980333
TI  - Immunity and Mineral Water Treatment.

PMID- 19980334
TI  - Case of Thoracic Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19980336
TI  - Case of Acute Suppurative Arthritis of the Right Knee treated by the Method
      described in preceding paper.

PMID- 19980335
TI  - A Model to demonstrate the Methods carried out in the Mobilization Treatment of
      Knee-joints.

PMID- 19980337
TI  - Case of Lymphadenoma: Arsenical Pigmentation.

PMID- 19980338
TI  - Case of Tuberculous Lymphangitis following Injury to a Tuberculous Wart of Long
      Standing; Complete Excision in continuity of Primary Focus, Infected Vessels and
      Glands.

PMID- 19980339
TI  - Sarcoma of Scapula treated by Radium.

PMID- 19980340
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19980341
TI  - Case of Melanotic Growths (Carcinomatous).

PMID- 19980342
TI  - Case of Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19980344
TI  - Case of Extensive Pigmented Naevi.

PMID- 19980343
TI  - Case of Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19980346
TI  - Case of Senile Tuberculosis Cutis.

PMID- 19980345
TI  - Case of Lichen Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19980347
TI  - Case of (?) Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19980349
TI  - Case of the Condition described as "Multiple, Benign. Tumour-like New Growths".

PMID- 19980348
TI  - Epithelioma of Face.

PMID- 19980351
TI  - White-spot Disease (Morphoea Guttata).

PMID- 19980350
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19980352
TI  - Case of Pigmentation of the Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19980354
TI  - Guttate Morphoea.

PMID- 19980353
TI  - Case of Multiple Leuconychia Striata, associated with Leuconychia Totalis of One
      Thumb Nail.

PMID- 19980355
TI  - Case for Diagnosis, sent from University College Hospital.

PMID- 19980356
TI  - Case of Arsenical Pigmentation and Hyperkeratosis occurring in the Course of
      Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19980357
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980358
TI  - Case of Multiple Neuromata of the Skin.

PMID- 19980359
TI  - Case of Dercum's Disease.

PMID- 19980360
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980361
TI  - Two Cases of Granulosis Rubra Nasi in Boys.

PMID- 19980362
TI  - Alopecia of the Scalp and Eyebrows associated with Graves's Disease.

PMID- 19980363
TI  - Case of Melanotic Naevo-carcinoma (previously shown).

PMID- 19980364
TI  - Case of Unilateral Band Sclerodermia and Morphoeosclerodermia of the Left Leg.

PMID- 19980365
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980367
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980366
TI  - Pigmented Hairy Mole benefited by Impetigo Contagiosa.

PMID- 19980368
TI  - Another Probable Early Case of the Miscalled Multiple Idiopathic Haemorrhagic
      Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19980369
TI  - Case of Multiple Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19980370
TI  - Case of Erythrodermia with Lymphatic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19980371
TI  - Case of Leuconychia.

PMID- 19980372
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus Annularis.

PMID- 19980373
TI  - Case of Leucodermia and Melanodermia associated with Leuconychia.

PMID- 19980374
TI  - Case of Trichorrhexis Nodosa.

PMID- 19980375
TI  - Case of Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19980376
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19980377
TI  - Case of Lymphangiectodes.

PMID- 19980378
TI  - Two Cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa Hereditaria.

PMID- 19980379
TI  - Case of Keratoma Senile.

PMID- 19980380
TI  - Keratosis Follicularis (Darier's Disease).

PMID- 19980381
TI  - Case of Circinate Persistent Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19980382
TI  - Case of Delhi Boil.

PMID- 19980383
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19980384
TI  - Report on a Case of Tuberculosis Cutis of Six Years' Duration in the person of a
      Male Patient, aged 53 (exhibited at the meeting held on July 18, 1918),
      confirming the diagnosis.

PMID- 19980385
TI  - Stereoscopic Radiography.

PMID- 19980386
TI  - Personal Experiences of Burning caused by Secondary Radiation.

PMID- 19980387
TI  - Diathermy in Gynaecology.

PMID- 19980388
TI  - Notes on Diathermy Apparatus.

PMID- 19980389
TI  - The Treatment of Malignant Disease by Diathermy and Fulguration.

PMID- 19980390
TI  - Diathermy in Diseases of the Eye.

PMID- 19980391
TI  - Diathermy in Abdominal Disorders.

PMID- 19980392
TI  - Case of Acne complicated by Intestinal Stasis in which a General Improvement was
      Effected by Diathermy.

PMID- 19980393
TI  - On the Mode of Spread of Cancer in relation to its Treatment by Radiation.

PMID- 19980394
TI  - Stereoscopic Radiography in the Treatment of Fractures of the Femur.

PMID- 19980395
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE RADIOGRAPHY OF GALL-STONES.

PMID- 19980396
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE RADIOGRAPHY OF GALL-STONES.

PMID- 19980398
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE RADIOGRAPHY OF GALL-STONES.

PMID- 19980397
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE RADIOGRAPHY OF GALL-STONES.

PMID- 19980399
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE RADIOGRAPHY OF GALL-STONES.

PMID- 19980400
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE RADIOGRAPHY OF GALL-STONES.

PMID- 19980401
TI  - The Examination of the Vermiform Appendix by X-rays : (Abstract.).

PMID- 19980402
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980403
TI  - The Management of Venereal Diseases in Egypt during the War.

PMID- 19980405
TI  - An Enumerative Study of Entamoeba coli Cysts in Stools.

PMID- 19980404
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980406
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980408
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980407
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980409
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980411
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980410
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980412
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980413
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980414
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980416
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980415
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980417
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980418
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980419
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980421
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980420
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980422
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980423
TI  - Discussion on Influenza: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980424
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980426
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980425
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980427
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980428
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980429
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980431
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980430
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980432
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980433
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980434
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980435
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980436
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980437
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980438
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980439
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980440
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980441
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980442
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980443
TI  - General Discussion on Shock.

PMID- 19980444
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980445
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980446
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980448
TI  - President's Address: British Laryngology and Rhinology.

PMID- 19980447
TI  - Discussion on Influenza.

PMID- 19980449
TI  - Scarf Pin in the Stomach; Gastroscopy; Expelled by Vomiting.

PMID- 19980450
TI  - Pin in Bronchiole of Posterior Lobe of Right Lung; Failure to Remove it by the
      Bronchoscope; Pin coughed up Eighteen Months later.

PMID- 19980451
TI  - Endothelioma of Left Tonsil; Operation performed.

PMID- 19980453
TI  - Epithelioma of the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19980452
TI  - Dermoid Fistula of Nose.

PMID- 19980454
TI  - Recurring Spheno-choanal Polypus in a Child.

PMID- 19980455
TI  - Displacement of the Lateral Cartilages of the Nose.

PMID- 19980456
TI  - So-called Malignant Mixed-parotid Tumour.

PMID- 19980457
TI  - Case of Long Fraenum Linguae.

PMID- 19980458
TI  - Removal of the Larynx for Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19980459
TI  - Tooth-plate in OEsophagus; OEsophagoscopy: Removal.

PMID- 19980461
TI  - A Fork accidentally Swallowed and Impacted in the Pylorus.

PMID- 19980460
TI  - Case showing Method of Repair of Right Side of Nose.

PMID- 19980462
TI  - Case of Infiltration and Ulceration of the Vocal Cords (previously shown).

PMID- 19980464
TI  - Cases, Casts, Photographs, and Diagrams, illustrating some Methods of Repair of
      Wounds of the Nasal Cavities and Nasal Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19980463
TI  - Perithelioma of the Right Maxillary Antrum; Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19980465
TI  - Methods of Repair of Wounds of the Nose and Nasal Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19980466
TI  - Two Cases of Dental Plates removed from the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19980467
TI  - Summary of Case of Foreign Body in OEsophagus, occurring at a Royal Naval Base
      Hospital.

PMID- 19980468
TI  - Epidiascopic Demonstration of Methods of Treatment of Gunshot Wounds of the Nose
      and Nasal Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19980469
TI  - Methods of Repair of Wounds of the Nose and Nasal Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19980470
TI  - Foreign Bodies impacted in the Food and Respiratory Passages recorded at the
      Section of Laryngology of the Royal Society of Medicine since 1908.

PMID- 19980471
TI  - Microscope Specimens and Report of a Case of Adenoma of the Vocal Cord removed by
      Thyro-fissure.

PMID- 19980472
TI  - Angioma of the Left Arytaenoid.

PMID- 19980473
TI  - Adherent Palate.

PMID- 19980474
TI  - Mucocele of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19980475
TI  - Choanal Polypi in Children: (1) A Boy, aged 9; and (2) a Girl, aged 12.

PMID- 19980477
TI  - Case of Pharyngeal Diverticulum treated by Dislocation and Fixation in the Upper
      Part of the Neck.

PMID- 19980478
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of the Epiglottis treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19980476
TI  - Further Notes of a Case of Diverticulo-pexy.

PMID- 19980480
TI  - Bilateral Ankylosis of the Vocal Cords; Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980479
TI  - Foreign Body removed from the Nose after Thirteen Years.

PMID- 19980481
TI  - Sarcoma of the Nose; Modified External Operation (Moure's Lateral Rhinotomy).

PMID- 19980482
TI  - Chronic Unilateral Laryngitis for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980483
TI  - Case of Polypus of the Larynx removed with Snare.

PMID- 19980484
TI  - Large Antral Polyp.

PMID- 19980485
TI  - Radiograms showing Absence of Right Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19980486
TI  - Case of Pituitary Tumour; Trans-sphenoidal Operation; Great Improvement in
      Pressure-symptoms.

PMID- 19980488
TI  - Removal by the Indirect Method of a Jagged Piece of Bone impacted in the
      OEsophagus.

PMID- 19980487
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of Tonsil Two Years and Nine Months after Diathermy.

PMID- 19980489
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Whistling.

PMID- 19980490
TI  - Case of Naso-pharyngeal Angeio-Fibroma.

PMID- 19980491
TI  - Case of Perichondritis of Larynx.

PMID- 19980492
TI  - Case of Sarcoma of Tonsil.

PMID- 19980493
TI  - Pituitary Tumour; Sellar Decompression and Removal of Endotheliomatous Tissue;
      Great Improvement.

PMID- 19980494
TI  - A Lachrymal Sac Removed Entire by the Intranasal Route.

PMID- 19980495
TI  - Unilateral Perithelioma of Maxillary Antrum, Upper Jaw, and Ethmoid, Removed at
      one Operation from a Woman aged 55, after Ligature of the External Carotid.

PMID- 19980496
TI  - Adhesions and Contracture of the Faucial Pillars following Complete Enucleation
      of the Tonsils.

PMID- 19980497
TI  - Paralysis of Left Vocal Cord in a Woman, aged 49.

PMID- 19980499
TI  - Tumour of the Base of the Tongue.

PMID- 19980498
TI  - Case of Diathermy for Epithelioma of Palate, Tonsil, Tongue, and Floor of Mouth;
      Patient well nearly Four Years after First Appearance of Disease.

PMID- 19980500
TI  - Epithelioma of Palate and Anterior Faucial Pillar; Enlarged Glands in the Neck.

PMID- 19980501
TI  - Four Cases of Atrophic Rhinitis with Ozaena undergoing Treatment by the
      Glycophylic Method.

PMID- 19980502
TI  - Specimens of Aspergillus fumigatus from Nasal Sinuses.

PMID- 19980503
TI  - Combined Tongue Forceps and Depressor for use in Enucleation of Tonsils.

PMID- 19980504
TI  - Large Submucous Lipoma of Palate and Pharynx.

PMID- 19980505
TI  - Child in whom a Suppurating Dermoid Cyst has been Removed from the Lower Central
      Region of Forehead.

PMID- 19980506
TI  - Carcinoma of Right Antrum and Orbit; Treatment by Excision, Radium, and X-rays.
      (Photographs shown).

PMID- 19980507
TI  - Cyst of Larynx.

PMID- 19980508
TI  - Cyst of Larynx.

PMID- 19980509
TI  - Case of Delayed Breaking of the Voice.

PMID- 19980510
TI  - Case of Tongue for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980511
TI  - Epidiascopic Demonstration of the Normal Histology of the Vocal Cord and
      Ventricle of the Larynx, considered in connexion with the Development of
      Adenomata.

PMID- 19980512
TI  - Demonstration of some New Instruments recently designed for the Removal of
      Foreign Bodies from the Lungs by Per-oral Endoscopy.

PMID- 19980513
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Growth.

PMID- 19980514
TI  - Sarcoma of Maxillary Antrum; Lateral Rhinotomy; Recurrence in Glands; Radium
      Treatment.

PMID- 19980515
TI  - Malignant Growth of the Deep Pharynx.

PMID- 19980516
TI  - Epithelioma of the Tonsil and Fauces in a Woman, aged 57.

PMID- 19980518
TI  - Case of Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla.

PMID- 19980517
TI  - Case of (?) Sarcoma of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19980520
TI  - Bony Nasal Growth.

PMID- 19980519
TI  - Case of Extensive Lupus of the Alveolus, Nose, and Larynx.

PMID- 19980521
TI  - Case of Tuberculous Laryngitis.

PMID- 19980522
TI  - Tumour of Right Submaxillary Region and Floor of Mouth; ? Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19980523
TI  - Some Suggested Alternatives to Operation for "Adenoids" and Enlarged Tonsils in
      Young Children.

PMID- 19980524
TI  - Latent Sinusitis in Relation to Systemic Infections.

PMID- 19980525
TI  - A Method of treating Atrophic Rhinitis with Ozaena based on an Alteration in
      Composition and Reaction of the Substrate on which the Bacterial Ferments are
      acting: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980526
TI  - Spasm at the Entrance to the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19980528
TI  - An Operation for the Complete Removal of the Soft Palate (Staphylectomy).

PMID- 19980527
TI  - A Clinical Type of Dysphagia.

PMID- 19980529
TI  - Carcinoma of the Maxillary Antrum: Lateral Rhinotomy; Recurrence.

PMID- 19980530
TI  - Gunshot Wounds of the Nasal Accessory Sinuses.

PMID- 19980531
TI  - The Treatment of Enlarged or Diseased Tonsils in Cases where Surgical Procedures
      are Contra-indicated.

PMID- 19980532
TI  - Pharyngeal Diverticula with Notes of Two Cases-in one the Pouch was Removed under
      Local, in the other under General, Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19980533
TI  - Case of Incipient Singer's Nodules in a Vocalist.

PMID- 19980534
TI  - Sphenoidal Sinus Empyema in Cerebro-spinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19980535
TI  - Sellar Decompression for Pituitary Tumours.

PMID- 19980536
TI  - Microscopical Demonstration in the Museum Room.

PMID- 19980537
TI  - A Series of Cases of Maxillary Antral Disease; Some Points of Interest.

PMID- 19980538
TI  - Demonstration on Cases, Casts, and Models illustrating Rhinoplasty.

PMID- 19980539
TI  - Appendix: Museum; Specimens and Cases exhibited: Electrodes for the Treatment of
      Ozaena of the Nose by Ionic Medication.

PMID- 19980540
TI  - Sarcoma (?) of the Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19980541
TI  - Method of inducing Cough and Expectoration by the Inhalation of Oleum Sinapis.

PMID- 19980542
TI  - Three Dental Plates removed from OEsophagus.

PMID- 19980544
TI  - Case of Functional Aphonia of Three Months' Duration.

PMID- 19980543
TI  - Absorption of the Pre-maxilla in Tertiary Syphilis of Nose.

PMID- 19980545
TI  - Case of Mutism of Ten Months' Duration.

PMID- 19980547
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980546
TI  - Case of Functional Aphonia of Ten Months' Duration, with Laryngitis.

PMID- 19980549
TI  - Case of Cardiospasm.

PMID- 19980548
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980550
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980551
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980552
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980553
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980554
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980555
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980556
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980558
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980557
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980559
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980560
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980561
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980562
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DILATATION OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITHOUT ANATOMICAL STENOSIS.

PMID- 19980563
TI  - The Pathology of OEsophagectasia (Dilatation of the OEsophagus without Anatomic
      Stenosis at the Cardiac Orifice).

PMID- 19980564
TI  - A Tooth-plate impacted in the OEsophagus divided by Irwin Moore's Cutting Shears.

PMID- 19980566
TI  - Skiagram showing Reflex Achalasia of the OEsophagus due to the Irritation of a
      Gastric Ulcer.

PMID- 19980565
TI  - Tooth-plate impacted in the OEsophagus for Eight Weeks; Three Unsuccessful
      Attempts at Removal; Death from Perforation into the Pleural Cavity.

PMID- 19980568
TI  - Spirochaetosis Icterohaemorrhagica: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980567
TI  - Dilatation of the OEsophagus without Stenosis.

PMID- 19980569
TI  - Apyrexial Symptoms in Malaria.

PMID- 19980570
TI  - Experiments on the Complement Fixation in Malaria with Antigens prepared from
      Cultures of Malarial Parasites: (Plas odium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax).

PMID- 19980571
TI  - Further Notes on the Epidemic (Influenza) with Special Reference to Pneumonia, in
      Macedonia.

PMID- 19980572
TI  - Transfusion in Diseases of the Blood.

PMID- 19980574
TI  - Certain Inter-relations between Peace and War Neuroses.

PMID- 19980573
TI  - President's Address: Some Principles of Neurology.

PMID- 19980576
TI  - Case of Syringomyelia (alleged Plumbism).

PMID- 19980575
TI  - The Hysterical Element in Organic Disease and Injury of the Central Nervous
      System.

PMID- 19980577
TI  - A Rising-floor Cell to facilitate the Microscopy of Cerebro-spinal Fluids.

PMID- 19980578
TI  - Two Cases illustrating Effect of Severance of the Brachial Artery.

PMID- 19980579
TI  - Some Biological Effects due to High Explosives.

PMID- 19980580
TI  - Cases with Signs of Neurological Interest.

PMID- 19980582
TI  - Case of Pachymeningitis Cervicalis of Syphilitic Origin.

PMID- 19980581
TI  - Case of Cervical Concussion.

PMID- 19980584
TI  - President's Address: Developments in Abdominal Surgery since 1884.

PMID- 19980583
TI  - Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19980585
TI  - Report to Council on Teaching of Obstetrics and Gynaecology to Medical Students
      and Graduates in London.

PMID- 19980586
TI  - A Foetus undergoing Spontaneous Evolution removed by Laparotomy during Labour.

PMID- 19980587
TI  - A Case of Full-time Pregnancy in a Rudimentary Uterine Horn.

PMID- 19980588
TI  - Two Cases of Full-time Extra-uterine Pregnancy, with a Tabulated Abstract of 100
      Cases from the Literature.

PMID- 19980589
TI  - Skiagram of Foreign Body in the Gravid Uterus.

PMID- 19980590
TI  - Specimen of a Lower Limb of a Mature Foetus contained in an Osseous Cyst, and
      remaining in the Abdomen of the Mother for Fifty-two Years.

PMID- 19980592
TI  - Case of Extra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19980591
TI  - Cases of Extra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19980593
TI  - Two Cases of Full-term Extra-uterine Gestation.

PMID- 19980594
TI  - Case of Extra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19980595
TI  - A Uterus in which Changes had taken place as the Result of Procidentia.

PMID- 19980596
TI  - Specimen from Case of Extra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19980598
TI  - Specimen of Subperitoneal Lipoma weighing 16(3/4) lb.

PMID- 19980597
TI  - A Fibrolipoma weighing 13 lb. which Invaded or Originated in the Right Broad
      Ligament.

PMID- 19980599
TI  - Case of Congenital Teratoblastoma of the Vulva (Rhabdomyoma).

PMID- 19980600
TI  - Lipoma of the Broad Ligament.

PMID- 19980601
TI  - Severe Retro-peritoneal Bleeding after Dilatation of the Cervix.

PMID- 19980602
TI  - The Syphilitic Placenta.

PMID- 19980603
TI  - Obstructed Labour due to Ventrifixation.

PMID- 19980604
TI  - A Short Communication on a Case of Labour in a Paraplegic Woman.

PMID- 19980606
TI  - A General Survey of the Subjects to be taught and of the Methods of teaching
      them.

PMID- 19980605
TI  - Two Cases of Puerperal Anuria in which the Renal Capsule was incised and Portions
      of the Kidney Substance removed for Examination.

PMID- 19980607
TI  - The Teaching of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from the Standpoint of Preventive
      Medicine.

PMID- 19980608
TI  - The Teaching of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from the Point of View of a General
      Practitioner.

PMID- 19980609
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980610
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980611
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980612
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980614
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980613
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980615
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980617
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980616
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980618
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980620
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980619
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980621
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980622
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980623
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980624
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECONSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY TO
      MEDICAL STUDENTS.

PMID- 19980625
TI  - The Continued High Maternal Mortality of Child-bearing: The Reason and the
      Remedy.

PMID- 19980626
TI  - Treatment of Ante-natal and Post-natal Syphilis : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980627
TI  - On Local Anaesthesia in Dental Operations.

PMID- 19980628
TI  - Case of Gunshot Wound of the Mandible with Extensive Loss of Tissue treated by
      the Colyer Method.

PMID- 19980629
TI  - An Experimental Inquiry into the Bacteriology of Pyorrhoea.

PMID- 19980631
TI  - Bone-grafting in Ununited Fractures of the Mandible, with Special Reference to
      the Pedicle Graft.

PMID- 19980630
TI  - On the Nerve End-cells of the Dental Pulp.

PMID- 19980632
TI  - Intra-oral Skin-grafting: The Establishment of the Buccal Sulcus.

PMID- 19980633
TI  - Food Deficiencies as a Factor influencing the Calcification and Fixation of the
      Teeth.

PMID- 19980634
TI  - Variations in Position of the Teeth in New World Monkeys.

PMID- 19980636
TI  - A Short Review of another Year's Work at a Jaw Injuries Centre.

PMID- 19980635
TI  - Bone-grafting in Gunshot Fractures of the Jaw.

PMID- 19980637
TI  - Prosthetic Treatment of Old Injuries of the Maxillae.

PMID- 19980639
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis of Right Temporal Bone in a Boy; Operations; Recovery.

PMID- 19980638
TI  - Experiences with Transplant Grafts in Ununited Fracture of the Mandible.

PMID- 19980640
TI  - Case of Acute Mastoiditis followed by Thrombosis of the Internal Jugular Vein as
      far as the Clavicle; Recovery.

PMID- 19980641
TI  - Case of Labyrinthectomy.

PMID- 19980642
TI  - Two Cases of Fracture of the Base followed by Otitis Media, Meningitis and Death.

PMID- 19980644
TI  - Two Cases of Radical Mastoid Operation for Cholesteatoma, with Preservation of
      the Matrix (Fourteen Years and Six Months after Operation respectively).

PMID- 19980643
TI  - Otosclerosis associated with Otitis Media.

PMID- 19980645
TI  - Otosclerosis associated with Fragilitas Ossium and Blue Sclerotics, with a
      Clinical Report of Three Cases.

PMID- 19980646
TI  - Chronic Middle-ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19980647
TI  - Deafness associated with the Stigmata of Degeneration.

PMID- 19980648
TI  - The Radical and Modified Radical Mastoid Operations: their indications, Technique
      and Results, with Notes on the Labyrinthine and Intracranial Complications of
      Chronic Middle-ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19980650
TI  - Case of Double Facial Paralysis due to Bilateral Tuberculous Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19980649
TI  - Extensive Symmetrical Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19980651
TI  - Septic Infection of the Lateral Sinus accidentally injured during the Operation
      of Mastoidectomy.

PMID- 19980652
TI  - Particulars of a Case of Vertigo; Labyrinthotomy; Obliteration of the Semi
      circular Canals and Part of Cochlea by Bone.

PMID- 19980653
TI  - Epithelioma of the Left Auricle after Operation.

PMID- 19980654
TI  - A Female with Fibroma of the Auricle at the entrance of the Meatus.

PMID- 19980655
TI  - Vertigo: (?) Labyrinthine or Cerebellar.

PMID- 19980656
TI  - Case of Necrosis of the Internal Ear, causing Sequestration of the Labyrinth;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19980657
TI  - Demonstration on a New Theory of Hearing.

PMID- 19980658
TI  - Case of Chronic Adhesive Otitis; Myringotomy and Partial Ossiculectomy.

PMID- 19980659
TI  - Case of Circumscribed Labyrinthitis.

PMID- 19980661
TI  - The Conveyance of the Virus of a Human Acute Infective Polioencephalo-myelitis
      occurring in Australia to Monkeys, Sheep, a Calf and a Foal.

PMID- 19980660
TI  - On Polymorphism of the Malignant Epithelial Cell.

PMID- 19980662
TI  - Demonstration of Preparations from Cases of Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19980664
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980663
TI  - Diffuse Emphysema of the Intestinal Wall (two cases), with Remarks upon
      Pneumatoses.

PMID- 19980665
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980666
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980667
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980668
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980669
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980670
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980671
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980672
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980673
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980674
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980675
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980677
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980676
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980678
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980679
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980680
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980681
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980683
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF SPINAL ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19980682
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF SPINAL ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19980684
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF SPINAL ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19980685
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF SPINAL ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19980686
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF SPINAL ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19980688
TI  - Successful Massage in a Case of Heart Failure due to Shock.

PMID- 19980687
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF SPINAL ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19980689
TI  - Case of Sudden Collapse during Laparotomy under Ether; Treatment by Heart
      Massage.

PMID- 19980690
TI  - Notes of a Case of Heart Failure following Change of Position.

PMID- 19980691
TI  - Case of Successful Heart Massage.

PMID- 19980692
TI  - Case of Tonsillectomy in a Man weighing 23st.

PMID- 19980693
TI  - Case of Laryngofissure with Removal of Intralaryngeal Growth performed under Gas
      and Oxygen.

PMID- 19980694
TI  - Case of Caesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19980695
TI  - Case of Abdominal Section in a Man with a Thoracic Aneurysm.

PMID- 19980696
TI  - An Outbreak of Typhoid Fever in Inoculated Soldiers. Clinical Study.

PMID- 19980697
TI  - President's Address: Enteric Fever in Flanders, 1914 and 1915.

PMID- 19980698
TI  - Some Simple Tests of Physical Efficiency : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980699
TI  - The Causation and Prevention of Industrial Accidents : (Abstract.).

PMID- 19980701
TI  - Sydenham as an Epidemiologist.

PMID- 19980700
TI  - Epidemiology of the Outbreak of Typhoid Fever among the Fourth Casual Company,
      J.A.R.D., Camp -.

PMID- 19980702
TI  - Periodicities of Epidemics of Measles in the Large Towns of Great Britain and
      Ireland.

PMID- 19980703
TI  - An Outbreak of Typhoid Fever in Inoculated Soldiers: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980704
TI  - President's Address: The Formation of Clear Lines in Nebulae : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980705
TI  - Folds in the Internal Limiting Membrane of the Retina.

PMID- 19980706
TI  - Ivory Exostosis, growing from the Roof of the Frontal Sinus into the Orbital and
      Cranial Cavities, removed through an Osteoplastic Opening in the Cranium by Mr.
      Donald Armour.

PMID- 19980707
TI  - Case of Angioma of the Retina.

PMID- 19980709
TI  - Changes in the Sella Turcica in Association with Leber's Atrophy: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980708
TI  - Case of Tumour of the Roof of the Orbit.

PMID- 19980710
TI  - Fundus Changes resulting from War Injuries: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980712
TI  - Angioma of Retina.

PMID- 19980711
TI  - Sympathetic Ophthalmitis with Fundus Changes.

PMID- 19980714
TI  - Congenital Pigmentation of the Cornea.

PMID- 19980713
TI  - Angeioid Streaks in the Retina.

PMID- 19980715
TI  - Symmetrical Disease of Macula (with drawing of Left Eye).

PMID- 19980716
TI  - Pulsating Tumour of the Orbit, of Uncertain Nature.

PMID- 19980717
TI  - Case of Intra-ocular Growth.

PMID- 19980718
TI  - Case of (?) Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19980720
TI  - Pituitary Tumour (Hypopituitarism).

PMID- 19980719
TI  - Case of Primary Nocardiasis of the Lachrymal Gland caused by a Species of
      Nocardia hitherto undescribed.

PMID- 19980721
TI  - Case of Malignant Disease of the Pituitary Body, with Comments.

PMID- 19980722
TI  - Migraine.

PMID- 19980723
TI  - Drawing of a Transverse Section through the Optic Chiasma and Sella Turcica to
      show the Relations of the Pituitary Body.

PMID- 19980725
TI  - Obstruction of Central Retinal Artery with Patent Branches, following Electric
      Flash.

PMID- 19980724
TI  - Pigmented Connective Tissue immediately in Front of and Covering the Optic Disk.

PMID- 19980726
TI  - Melanoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19980727
TI  - An Unusual Case of Ptosis with Bilateral Ophthalmoplegia Externa.

PMID- 19980728
TI  - The Visual Perception of Solid Form: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980729
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORBIT AND
      ACCESSORY SINUSES : (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980731
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses : (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980730
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORBIT AND
      ACCESSORY SINUSES: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980732
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980733
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980734
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980735
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980736
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980737
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980739
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980738
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980740
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980741
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980742
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980743
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980744
TI  - Discussion on Injuries and Inflammatory Diseases affecting the Orbit and
      Accessory Sinuses: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980745
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORBIT AND
      ACCESSORY SINUSES: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980746
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORBIT AND
      ACCESSORY SINUSES: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980748
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORBIT AND
      ACCESSORY SINUSES: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980747
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORBIT AND
      ACCESSORY SINUSES: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980749
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORBIT AND
      ACCESSORY SINUSES: (COMBINED MEETING.).

PMID- 19980750
TI  - President's Address: The Present Position in Clinical Psychology.

PMID- 19980751
TI  - The Methods of Psychotherapy.

PMID- 19980752
TI  - War Psychiatry.

PMID- 19980753
TI  - War Neurosis: a Comparison of Early Cases seen in the Field with those seen at
      the Base : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980754
TI  - On the Problem of Psychogenesis in Mental Diseases.

PMID- 19980755
TI  - Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19980756
TI  - Notes on a Case of Chronic Priapism.

PMID- 19980757
TI  - Case of Severe Rickets in a Child of Three Years.

PMID- 19980758
TI  - Trophoedema of Leg.

PMID- 19980759
TI  - Specimens from Case of Purpura.

PMID- 19980760
TI  - Specimen of Liver Abscess.

PMID- 19980761
TI  - Specimens from Case of Aplastic Anaemia.

PMID- 19980762
TI  - A New Case of Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19980764
TI  - Myoclonus Multiplex in a Girl aged 2 years 11 months.

PMID- 19980763
TI  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19980766
TI  - Case of Aplastic Anaemia.

PMID- 19980765
TI  - Case of Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Paralysis in a Girl, aged 10 years.

PMID- 19980767
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; (?) Xanthelasmoidea (Urticaria Pigmentosa).

PMID- 19980768
TI  - Multiple Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's Disease).

PMID- 19980769
TI  - Hypertrichosis in a Mentally Defective Child.

PMID- 19980770
TI  - Section from a Case of Tuberculous Meningitis of the Spinal Cord simulating
      Anterior Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19980772
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980771
TI  - Case of Primary Atrophic Muscular Dystrophy (Amyotonia Congenita of Oppenheim).

PMID- 19980773
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980774
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980775
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980776
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980777
TI  - A New Counting Chamber for Cells, &c., in Fluids.

PMID- 19980778
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980779
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980780
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980781
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980783
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980782
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS.

PMID- 19980784
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980785
TI  - Case of Shortening of the Limbs on one side of the Body ? Osteogenesis Imperfecta
      Unilateralis.

PMID- 19980786
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980787
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980788
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980789
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980791
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980790
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980792
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology, Prevention, and Non-operative Treatment of Adenoids.

PMID- 19980793
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Lower Portion of the Left Pectoralis Major Muscle and
      Left Mammary Gland.

PMID- 19980794
TI  - Case of Imperfectly Descended Left Testicle Four and a Half Years after
      Operation.

PMID- 19980795
TI  - Cases of Operation for Undescended Testicles.

PMID- 19980796
TI  - Case of Double Imperfectly Descended Testicle operated upon in 1914, when the
      Left Testicle was transplanted to the Right Side and the Right Testicle to the
      Left Side of the Scrotum.

PMID- 19980797
TI  - Case of Multiple Epulides.

PMID- 19980799
TI  - Case of Unusual Tumour of the Abdomen.

PMID- 19980798
TI  - Aplastic Anaemia.

PMID- 19980800
TI  - Lymphangioma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19980802
TI  - Case of Oxycephaly with Symmetrical Polysyndactylia.

PMID- 19980801
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980803
TI  - Case of Joint Trouble.

PMID- 19980804
TI  - Abdominal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980805
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Bone Disease.

PMID- 19980806
TI  - Chorea, complicated by Gangrene of the Fingers.

PMID- 19980807
TI  - Case of Achondroplasia with Hydrocephalus.

PMID- 19980808
TI  - Chloroma or Adrenal Growth with Secondary Metastasis in Skull.

PMID- 19980810
TI  - Sclerodermia with Calcification in a Mongol.

PMID- 19980809
TI  - Multiple Glandular Swellings.

PMID- 19980812
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980811
TI  - Apophysitis of Os Calcis.

PMID- 19980813
TI  - A Note on the History of Epidemic Encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 19980814
TI  - Baths and Bathing in Ancient Greece.

PMID- 19980815
TI  - Dies Aegyptiaci.

PMID- 19980816
TI  - Some Greek Medical Terms with Reference to St. Luke and "Liddell and Scott.".

PMID- 19980817
TI  - Note on Some Old Pewter Bowls in the Royal Mineral Water Hospital at Bath.

PMID- 19980819
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980818
TI  - The Lorica of Gildas the Briton (? 547). A Magico-medical Text containing an
      Anatomical Vocabulary.

PMID- 19980820
TI  - The Medical School of Malta.

PMID- 19980822
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980821
TI  - On the Physical Effects of Consanguineous Marriages in the Royal Families of
      Ancient Egypt.

PMID- 19980823
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19980824
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980826
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980825
TI  - The Evidences of Disease in Shakespeare's Handwriting.

PMID- 19980827
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19980828
TI  - The Medical Aspects of Montaigne: A Study of the Journal which he kept during his
      Voyage to Italy, with an Account of his Renal Troubles and Experiences of Mineral
      Waters.

PMID- 19980829
TI  - Note on Celsus's Operation of Lithotomy.

PMID- 19980830
TI  - A Contribution to the History of the Surgical Treatment of Aneurysm, from the
      Notes of Dr. Charles T. Maunoir, of Geneva, made during the year 1802.

PMID- 19980831
TI  - St. Isidore of Seville and his Book on Medicine.

PMID- 19980832
TI  - The History of Medical Education in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge,
      1500-1850.

PMID- 19980833
TI  - Survey of Medical Manuscripts in the British Isles dating from before the
      Sixteenth Century.

PMID- 19980834
TI  - Closure of Cavities in Bone : (Abstract).

PMID- 19980835
TI  - Mandibular Bone-grafts.

PMID- 19980836
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BONE-GRAFTING: (Abstract).

PMID- 19980837
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BONE-GRAFTING.

PMID- 19980838
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BONE-GRAFTING.

PMID- 19980839
TI  - Carcinoma of the Appendix.

PMID- 19980840
TI  - Case of Complete Resection of the Large Bowel for Multiple Adenomata.

PMID- 19980841
TI  - Case of Mega-colon (Hirschsprung's Disease) with Secondary Carcinoma.

PMID- 19980842
TI  - Case of Mega-colon (Hirschsprung's Disease).

PMID- 19980843
TI  - Case of Chronic X-ray Dermatitis of the Anal Region, excised Eighteen Months ago.

PMID- 19980844
TI  - Case showing Result of Resection of Rectum for Carcinoma.

PMID- 19980845
TI  - Two Cases illustrating the Result of Resection in Complete Prolapse of the
      Rectum.

PMID- 19980846
TI  - Case of Recurrence in the Posterior Vaginal Wall Three Years after Abdomino
      perineal Excision for Carcinoma Recti.

PMID- 19980847
TI  - Gunshot Wounds of the Great Bowel and Rectum.

PMID- 19980848
TI  - Compound Fractures of the Femur in its Upper Third, with Demonstration of New
      Pelvic-Femur Splint, also a Splint for Fractures of the Upper Extremity.

PMID- 19980850
TI  - The Role of Health Resorts in the State and their Use as "Temples of AEsculapius"
      for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic and Functional Diseases.

PMID- 19980849
TI  - A New Specific Antituberculous Medicament.

PMID- 19980851
TI  - Visceral Fibrositis.

PMID- 19980853
TI  - Discussion on Dr. Ferreyrolles's Paper on "Immunity and Mineral Water Treatment".

PMID- 19980852
TI  - Temperature Environment and Thermal Debility.

PMID- 19980855
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MERITS AND DEFECTS OF BRITISH HEALTH RESORTS.

PMID- 19980854
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MERITS AND DEFECTS OF BRITISH HEALTH RESORTS.

PMID- 19980856
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MERITS AND DEFECTS OF BRITISH HEALTH RESORTS.

PMID- 19980858
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MERITS AND DEFECTS OF BRITISH HEALTH RESORTS.

PMID- 19980857
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MERITS AND DEFECTS OF BRITISH HEALTH RESORTS.

PMID- 19980859
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MERITS AND DEFECTS OF BRITISH HEALTH RESORTS.

PMID- 19980861
TI  - The Health Resorts and the State.

PMID- 19980860
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MERITS AND DEFECTS OF BRITISH HEALTH RESORTS.

PMID- 19980862
TI  - Tumour of the Scalp in an Infant.

PMID- 19980863
TI  - Three Cases of Malignant Disease of the Face-one of the Lower Lip, two of the
      Nostril-illustrating the Modern Methods of Radical Operation; Survival after Five
      Years.

PMID- 19980864
TI  - Two Cases of Cirsoid Aneurysm.

PMID- 19980865
TI  - Case of Dislocation of the Patella.

PMID- 19980866
TI  - Case of Auricular Flutter.

PMID- 19980867
TI  - Two Cases of Unilateral Sweating of the Face.

PMID- 19980868
TI  - Case of Pituitary Tumour showing very great Improvement after Operation.

PMID- 19980869
TI  - Extensive Rodent Ulcer involving Bone Excision; Plastic Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19980870
TI  - Multiple Bone Abscesses of an Unusual Nature.

PMID- 19980871
TI  - Case of Friedreich's Disease.

PMID- 19980872
TI  - Case of Rodent Ulcer, treated by Radium.

PMID- 19980873
TI  - Case of Multiple Congenital Anomalies of Development.

PMID- 19980874
TI  - Case of Intussusception caused by Papilloma at the Ileo-caecal Valve.

PMID- 19980875
TI  - Case of Bony Anchylosis of the Knee; fixed at Right Angle; ? Gonococcus, or some
      other form of Arthritis.

PMID- 19980876
TI  - Case of Appendix containing Thirty-six Shot; followed by Signs of Malignant
      Endocarditis.

PMID- 19980877
TI  - President's Address: On the Application of War Methods to Civil Practice.

PMID- 19980879
TI  - Case of Sarcoma of the Scapula.

PMID- 19980878
TI  - Case of Comminuted Fracture of the Shaft of the Left Humerus, with Unusual Nerve
      Complications.

PMID- 19980880
TI  - Case of Thrombo-angeitis Obliterans with Rarefactive Bone Changes, but without
      Massive Gangrene.

PMID- 19980881
TI  - Case of Unilateral Sweating.

PMID- 19980882
TI  - Unilateral Dwarfism of Limbs connected with Congenital Chondromata.

PMID- 19980884
TI  - Duodenal Ulcer, Gastro-jejunostomy, Gastro-jejuno-colic Fistula, Excision of
      Ulcer and Entero-anastomosis; Recovery.

PMID- 19980883
TI  - Myxoedema, with High Blood-pressure, preceded by Enlargement of the Thyroid
      Gland.

PMID- 19980885
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris (Generalized Form).

PMID- 19980887
TI  - Femoral Aneurism of (?) Rheumatic Origin.

PMID- 19980886
TI  - A Case of Bilateral Cervical Ribs with the Special Type of Muscular Atrophy
      limited to part only of the Thenar Eminences.

PMID- 19980888
TI  - Bilateral Destruction of Gasserian Ganglia by Alcohol Injection for Chronic
      Trigeminal Neuralgia.

PMID- 19980889
TI  - Case of (?) Polyneuritis Cranialis.

PMID- 19980890
TI  - Cases of Symptomatic Paralysis Agitans following Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19980891
TI  - Case of Nerve Disease for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980893
TI  - A Case of Dislocation between the Fifth and Sixth Cervical Vertebrae.

PMID- 19980892
TI  - Case of Periosteal Sarcoma of the Clavicle; Clavicle completely removed Two Years
      ago; no Recurrence; Unimpaired Function.

PMID- 19980894
TI  - Case of Malignant Endocarditis affecting the Pulmonary Valve in a Youth, aged
      16(1/2).

PMID- 19980895
TI  - Traumatic Aneurysmal Varix between the Cavernous Sinus and the End of the
      Internal Carotid Artery on the Left Side.

PMID- 19980896
TI  - Microcephaly in Two Sisters, Children of First Cousins, exhibited shortly after
      Craniectomy.

PMID- 19980897
TI  - Hysterical Anaesthesia of the Eyeballs; Cutaneous Artefacts; Voluntary
      Regurgitation of Stomach Contents.

PMID- 19980898
TI  - A Case of Trophoedema.

PMID- 19980899
TI  - A Case of Extreme OEsophagectasia (Hurst's Achalasia of the Cardia).

PMID- 19980900
TI  - Acute Osteo-myelitis of a Lumbar Vertebra.

PMID- 19980901
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Thoracic Wall.

PMID- 19980902
TI  - Cystic Adenoma of the Bile-ducts.

PMID- 19980903
TI  - Fracture of the Left Humerus; Non-union (Pseudo-arthrosis) after Thirty-four
      Years.

PMID- 19980904
TI  - Case of Tuberculous Spine; Tibial Bone-graft.

PMID- 19980905
TI  - Case of Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum of Brooke, with Rodent Ulceration.

PMID- 19980906
TI  - Case of Folliculitis Ulerythematosa Reticulata of MacKee and Parounagian.

PMID- 19980908
TI  - An Uncommon Form of Erythema.

PMID- 19980907
TI  - Case of So-called "White Spot" Disease.

PMID- 19980909
TI  - Case of Demodex Impetigo.

PMID- 19980910
TI  - Chronic Fibroid Subcutaneous Syphilomata of the Legs, associated with Chronic
      Peri-urethral Induration in the Penis.

PMID- 19980911
TI  - Case of Recurrent Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19980912
TI  - Case of Multiple Granulomata.

PMID- 19980913
TI  - Case of Lymphangioma.

PMID- 19980914
TI  - Case of Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19980915
TI  - Case of Xanthoma Tuberosum.

PMID- 19980916
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19980917
TI  - Case of Onychogryphosis.

PMID- 19980918
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica.

PMID- 19980919
TI  - Lepra: Sequel to Case shown on June 21, 1917.

PMID- 19980920
TI  - Three Cases of Syphilis with Negative Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19980921
TI  - Two Cases of Dyschromia of the Face.

PMID- 19980922
TI  - Case of Trichotillomania.

PMID- 19980924
TI  - Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19980923
TI  - Case of von Recklinghausen's Disease with Acromegaly.

PMID- 19980925
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19980926
TI  - So-called "Multiple Haemorrhagic Sarcoma" (Kaposi).

PMID- 19980927
TI  - Multiple Pigmented Haemorrhagic Sarcoma (?): a Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980929
TI  - Two Cases of Bilateral (more or less Symmetrical) Morphoea in Children.

PMID- 19980928
TI  - Case of Extensive Generalized Cicatricial Secondary Syphilide.

PMID- 19980930
TI  - Case of Granuloma.

PMID- 19980931
TI  - A Treatment for Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19980932
TI  - Two Cases of Oil Acne.

PMID- 19980933
TI  - Cases of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19980934
TI  - Case of Morphoea and Hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 19980935
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980936
TI  - Case of Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19980937
TI  - Case of Naevus Anaemicus (Vorner).

PMID- 19980939
TI  - Case of Pemphigus.

PMID- 19980938
TI  - Case of Quinine Dermatitis.

PMID- 19980940
TI  - Vitiligo with Central Pigmented Moles.

PMID- 19980942
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980941
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19980943
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980944
TI  - Carpoglyphus Passularum causing Dermatitis.

PMID- 19980945
TI  - Case of Lupus treated by Brass Paste and Bro.

PMID- 19980946
TI  - Arsenical Keratosis and Epithelioma.

PMID- 19980947
TI  - Case of Parapsoriasis en Gouttes.

PMID- 19980948
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus and Pseudopelade.

PMID- 19980949
TI  - Case of Multiple Infective Lymphangio-endotheliomata.

PMID- 19980950
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980951
TI  - Case of "Erythrodermie Congenitale Ichthyosiforme.".

PMID- 19980952
TI  - Multiple Xanthoma in a Boy.

PMID- 19980953
TI  - Case of Linear Morphoea.

PMID- 19980955
TI  - Case of Haemorrhagic Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19980954
TI  - Case of Shaving-brush Anthrax of Face; Recovery.

PMID- 19980957
TI  - Case of Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19980956
TI  - Case of Superficial "Card-like" Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19980958
TI  - Case of Multiple Pigmented Moles.

PMID- 19980959
TI  - Case of Granuloma Venereum.

PMID- 19980960
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19980961
TI  - Extensive Eruption occurring after the Prolonged Administration of Organic
      Arsenic.

PMID- 19980962
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19980963
TI  - Seborrhoeic Dermatitis of Unusual Severity following an Attack of Urticaria ab
      Ingestis.

PMID- 19980964
TI  - Ringed Eruption of the Finger-Granuloma Annulare-of exceptionally long Duration.

PMID- 19980965
TI  - Case of Superficial Epithelioma.

PMID- 19980966
TI  - Grouped Comedones in an Adult.

PMID- 19980967
TI  - Case of Apparent Diphtheroid Infection of the Skin.

PMID- 19980968
TI  - Cases of Premycosic Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19980969
TI  - Case of Leprosy demonstrating the Value of a Tissue Vaccine.

PMID- 19980970
TI  - Case of "Erytheme indure des jeunes filles," associated with Folliclis and
      Phlyctenular Ulcers.

PMID- 19980971
TI  - Case of Multiple Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19980973
TI  - Case of Cornua Cutanea of the Feet.

PMID- 19980972
TI  - Two Cases of Scarring Alopecia or Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19980974
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980975
TI  - Case of Anaesthetic Leprosy.

PMID- 19980976
TI  - Case of Circinate Erythema.

PMID- 19980978
TI  - Case of Morphoea of Acute Onset.

PMID- 19980977
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19980980
TI  - Case of Generalized Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19980979
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; ? Cutaneous Sarcoid of Boeck.

PMID- 19980981
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19980983
TI  - Extensive Vascular Naevus.

PMID- 19980982
TI  - Leucodermia.

PMID- 19980985
TI  - Two Cases of Trade Eczema.

PMID- 19980984
TI  - Two Cases of Tar Carcinoma.

PMID- 19980986
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19980987
TI  - Case of Chronic Diphtheritic Granuloma.

PMID- 19980988
TI  - Case of Onychotrophia.

PMID- 19980989
TI  - Case of Delhi Boil or Sore (Syn.: Oriental Sore; Aleppo Boil).

PMID- 19980990
TI  - Xanthoma Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19980991
TI  - Case of Xanthoma.

PMID- 19980992
TI  - Case of Morphoea Guttata (White-spot Disease).

PMID- 19980993
TI  - Case of Acute Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19980994
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis (Hydroa Gestationis).

PMID- 19980995
TI  - Case of ? Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19980996
TI  - Case of White-spot Disease.

PMID- 19980998
TI  - Case of ? Lupus Erythematosus (anomalous type); ? Folliculitis Ulerythematosa
      Reticulata of McKee.

PMID- 19980997
TI  - Case of unilaterally distributed Molluscum Fibrosum Tumours, with a History
      suggesting Recurrence.

PMID- 19980999
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19981001
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus treated with Autogenous Streptococcal Vaccine
      prepared from Enucleated Tonsils.

PMID- 19981000
TI  - Case of Lupus Pernio.

PMID- 19981002
TI  - Case of Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19981003
TI  - President's Address: Ideals in Radiology and Electrology.

PMID- 19981004
TI  - Discussion on the Efficiency of the High-tension Transformer as compared with the
      Induction Coil.

PMID- 19981006
TI  - On the Examination of Patients by Means of Ultra-violet Radiation.

PMID- 19981005
TI  - The Treatment of Exophthalmic Goitre by Radiations.

PMID- 19981007
TI  - The President.

PMID- 19981008
TI  - The Development of Radiology: (Mackenzie Davidson Memorial Lecture).

PMID- 19981009
TI  - Introduction to a Demonstration of a Simple Means of obtaining "Morton Wave
      Current" and "Static Modalities" from a Coil.

PMID- 19981010
TI  - The Leucocytic Blood-content of those Handling Radium for Therapeutic Purposes.

PMID- 19981012
TI  - Adjourned Discussion on Major Cooper's paper, "The Treatment of Muscles by
      Artificial Stimulation".

PMID- 19981011
TI  - The Treatment of Muscles by Artificial Stimulation.

PMID- 19981013
TI  - Actinomycosis of Face and Neck Cured by Radium.

PMID- 19981014
TI  - Simple Foot Switch for use in Electro-diagnosis.

PMID- 19981015
TI  - Radiology: Lessons of the War.

PMID- 19981017
TI  - Plant and Animal Response : Occasional Lecture.

PMID- 19981016
TI  - Egyptian Bilharziasis: Its Recent Pathology, Symptomatology and Treatment.

PMID- 19981018
TI  - Toxic Idiopathies; The Relationship between Hay and other Pollen Fevers, Animal
      Asthmas, Food Idiosyncrasies, Bronchial and Spasmodic Asthmas, &c : Occasional
      Lecture.

PMID- 19981019
TI  - The Position of the Medical Profession with Regard to a Scheme for National
      Physical Education.

PMID- 19981020
TI  - The Measurement of Human Emotion and of its Voluntary Control.

PMID- 19981022
TI  - Prolonged and Obstinate Functional Aphonia treated by Hypnotism.

PMID- 19981021
TI  - Medical Experiences in Macedonia and the Caucasus : Occasional Lecture.

PMID- 19981023
TI  - (X) Stomach: Scarf-pin in the Stomach; Gastroscopy; expelled by Vomiting.

PMID- 19981024
TI  - An Adeno-fibro-myxoma of the Nares and Nasopharynx removed by Lateral Rhinotomy.

PMID- 19981025
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre; Thyroidectomy.

PMID- 19981026
TI  - Pharyngeal Diverticuli; Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19981028
TI  - Case of Rhinoplasty.

PMID- 19981027
TI  - Perithelioma (Alveolar Sarcoma) of the Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19981029
TI  - Malignant Disease of Upper Jaw; Lateral Rhinotomy (Moure's Operation).

PMID- 19981030
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981031
TI  - Actinomycosis (?) of Tonsil.

PMID- 19981032
TI  - Case of Lingual Cancer in a Man, aged 65, treated with Copper Alanine.

PMID- 19981033
TI  - Case of Lupus of the Tongue and Larynx.

PMID- 19981034
TI  - Case of Atrophic Catarrh of the Trachea.

PMID- 19981035
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of Tongue, with large Secondary Deposits in Cervical and Sub
      lingual Glands, treated with Aminopropionate of Copper, in a Man, aged 65.

PMID- 19981036
TI  - Laryngo-fissure for Carcinoma of Larynx.

PMID- 19981037
TI  - Cyst of the Floor of the Nose.

PMID- 19981038
TI  - Case of Papilloma (?) of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981039
TI  - Microscopical Sections of Growth removed from a Case of Papilloma of the Larynx
      with a Malignant Tendency, with Recurrence after a Period of Two or Three Years
      as an Epithelioma of the Opposite Cord.

PMID- 19981041
TI  - Ulceration of the Pharynx in a Woman, aged 33.

PMID- 19981040
TI  - Ulceration of Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19981042
TI  - Description of a Laryngo-stroboscope.

PMID- 19981043
TI  - Haemorrhage during or after Thyro-fissure in the Removal of the Vocal Cord for
      Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx and the Chief Vessel concerned; and its Control.

PMID- 19981044
TI  - Bilateral Chronic Empyemata of the Frontal Sinuses: Two Patients on whom the
      External Operation has been Performed.

PMID- 19981045
TI  - Multiple Sinusitis with Necrosis of Frontal Septum.

PMID- 19981046
TI  - Frontal Sinus Suppuration: Extradural Abscess.

PMID- 19981047
TI  - Treatment of Sarcoma and Endothelioma of the Nasopharynx by Radium.

PMID- 19981048
TI  - Child suffering from Retained Tracheotomy Tube.

PMID- 19981049
TI  - Case of Lupus of the Palate.

PMID- 19981050
TI  - Statistics bearing upon the Sex and Age-incidence of Carcinoma of the Post
      cricoid Area, with Notes on the Duration of Symptoms in these Cases.

PMID- 19981051
TI  - Large Antral Polypus with Two Distinct Pedicles.

PMID- 19981052
TI  - Case of ? Neoplasm of Larynx.

PMID- 19981053
TI  - Case of Streptococcal Ulcer on the Arytaenoid.

PMID- 19981054
TI  - Fibroma of Right Vocal Cord in an Exceptionally Intolerant Subject.

PMID- 19981055
TI  - Fibroma of the Left Vocal Cord in the Subject of Incipient Tuberculosis of the
      Larynx.

PMID- 19981056
TI  - Small Globular Fibroma causing Extreme Hoarseness in a Voice User.

PMID- 19981057
TI  - Minute Sessile Fibroma destroyed by means of the Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19981058
TI  - Acuminated Sessile Fibroma at the Middle of the Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19981060
TI  - Dense Growth in the Nasopharynx simulating Adenoids and producing Extreme Nasal
      Obstruction and Dullness of Hearing in the Right Ear.

PMID- 19981059
TI  - Specimen of Papilloma removed from the Left Vocal Cord of an elderly Clergyman.

PMID- 19981061
TI  - Gumma in the Vault of the Nasopharynx causing Obstruction to Nasal Breathing and
      Catarrh of the Right Middle Ear.

PMID- 19981062
TI  - Cyst of the Floor of the Nose.

PMID- 19981063
TI  - Ulceration of Deep Pharynx for Diagnosis and Opinion as to Treatment.

PMID- 19981065
TI  - Caseous Rhinitis.

PMID- 19981064
TI  - Fistula and Cicatrization in connexion with ? Thyroglossal Tract.

PMID- 19981066
TI  - A Case of Latent Double Frontal Sinus Suppuration with Expansion of the Sinuses,
      following a through-and-through Bullet Wound received Three Years previously.

PMID- 19981067
TI  - Dental Abscess of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19981068
TI  - Sequestrum of the Floor of the Nose with Intact Palate.

PMID- 19981069
TI  - Fibroma of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19981070
TI  - A Tooth removed from a Right Secondary Bronchus.

PMID- 19981071
TI  - A Case of Frontal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19981073
TI  - Left Frontal Sinus Suppuration; Radical (Killian) Operation.

PMID- 19981072
TI  - Case of Supraglottic Tumour, which proved to be a Cavernous Angeioma.

PMID- 19981074
TI  - Baby with Depressed Bridge of Nose.

PMID- 19981075
TI  - Case of (?) Laryngeal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19981076
TI  - Specimen and Report of a Case of Supraglottic Tumour of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981077
TI  - Tumour of External Nose; Degenerative Adenoma of Lachrymal Duct; West's
      Operation.

PMID- 19981078
TI  - Suprasternal Swelling.

PMID- 19981079
TI  - Case of Hoarseness in a Man, aged 36.

PMID- 19981080
TI  - Nasal Deformities treated by Transplantation of Costal Cartilage. (Photographs
      shown).

PMID- 19981081
TI  - Notes on a Case of Congenital Deformity of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19981082
TI  - Perichondritis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981084
TI  - Round-celled Sarcoma of the Nares (originating from the Left Inferior Turbinal),
      Fourteen Years after Operation.

PMID- 19981083
TI  - Intranasal Dacryocystotomy as a Help in Atrophic Rhinitis.

PMID- 19981085
TI  - Perichondritis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981086
TI  - Large Cavernous Angeioma of Larynx.

PMID- 19981087
TI  - Case of Abnormally Large Superficial Veins of Tonsils.

PMID- 19981088
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981089
TI  - Specimen of Polypus of the Tonsil removed from a Female Patient, aged 20.

PMID- 19981090
TI  - Case of Pemphigus of Mouth, Fauces, and Epiglottis in an Elderly Man.

PMID- 19981091
TI  - Cases of Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx after Operation by Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19981092
TI  - Man, aged 61, Six Years after Operation through the Side of the Neck for
      Extrinsic Cancer of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981093
TI  - Case of Fibroma of the Aryepiglottic Fold removed with the aid of Suspension
      Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19981094
TI  - Total Laryngectomy.

PMID- 19981095
TI  - A Method of Lateral Pharyngotomy for the Exposure of Large Growths of the
      Epilaryngeal Region.

PMID- 19981097
TI  - Enlarged and Diseased Tonsils of Cryptic Type, destroyed by Applications of
      Escharotic Paste (London Paste).

PMID- 19981096
TI  - Carcinoma of the Post-Cricoid Region (Pars laryngea pharyngis) and the Upper End
      of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19981098
TI  - The Early Diagnosis of Carcinoma of the Oral and Laryngeal Pharynx, including the
      Diagnosis of Inoperable Cases.

PMID- 19981099
TI  - Impaired Mobility of the Cord in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Intrinsic Cancer
      of the Larynx (Observations based on Forty-four Cases Treated by Laryngo
      fissure).

PMID- 19981100
TI  - OEsophageal Obstruction due to Hypertrophy of the Cardiac Sphincter and Narrowing
      of the Epicardia.

PMID- 19981101
TI  - Some Practical Points in the Removal of Foreign Bodies impacted in the Food and
      Air Passages.

PMID- 19981102
TI  - Multiple Polypi (OEdematous Fibromata) of the Middle Third of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19981103
TI  - Latent Sinusitis in Children.

PMID- 19981104
TI  - Per-nasal Dacryocystostomy.

PMID- 19981105
TI  - Angeiomata of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981106
TI  - Tonsillectomy for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19981107
TI  - Fish-bone which perforated the Inferior Constrictor and caused Fatal Posterior
      Mediastinal Abscess.

PMID- 19981108
TI  - Supernumerary Nostril and Cavity.

PMID- 19981109
TI  - Intratracheal Tumour removed by Per-oral Tracheoscopy.

PMID- 19981110
TI  - Case of Double Abductor Paralysis following Cut Throat.

PMID- 19981111
TI  - Spontaneous Cicatrization of well-marked Tuberculosis of the Larynx, with General
      Treatment only.

PMID- 19981112
TI  - Case of ? Lupus of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981113
TI  - Case of Congenital Occlusion of one Choana.

PMID- 19981114
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Angeiofibroma.

PMID- 19981116
TI  - Papilloma at the Bifurcation of the Trachea.

PMID- 19981115
TI  - Newly-designed Instruments for OEsophagoscopy and Bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19981117
TI  - Foreign Body (mutton bone) removed by Crico-tracheotomy from the Larynx of a Boy,
      aged 10.

PMID- 19981118
TI  - Female, aged 33, four months after a Laryngo-fissure for Intrinsic Cancer of
      Larynx.

PMID- 19981119
TI  - Case of Melanotic Sarcoma of the Nose (Sections shown).

PMID- 19981120
TI  - Infiltration of Right Ventricular Band, Vocal Cord, and Pyriform Sinus; ?
      Malignant.

PMID- 19981121
TI  - Case of Extensive Papilloma of the Hard Palate.

PMID- 19981122
TI  - Case of Hoarseness; Ventricular-band Phonation.

PMID- 19981123
TI  - (I) Head and Face: Encapsuled Osteoma of the Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19981124
TI  - (II) Nasal Passages and Accessory Sinuses: Calvarium showing Result of Infective
      Osteomyelitis of the Skull in a Case of Chronic Frontal Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19981125
TI  - (III) Pituitary Fossa: Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19981126
TI  - (IV) Post-Nasal Pharynx: Antro-choanal Polypus.

PMID- 19981127
TI  - (V) Mouth and Pharynx.

PMID- 19981128
TI  - Instruments used for Suturing the Pillars of the Fauces after Enucleation of the
      Tonsils in Case of Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19981129
TI  - (VI) Larynx: Piece of Bone from Sheep's Head.

PMID- 19981131
TI  - (VIII) Bronchi.

PMID- 19981130
TI  - (VII) Trachea.

PMID- 19981132
TI  - (IX) OESophagus.

PMID- 19981133
TI  - The Control of Haemorrhage following Removal of the Tonsils.

PMID- 19981134
TI  - Anaemias of the Haemolytic Jaundice Group.

PMID- 19981135
TI  - An Unusual Form of Turbid Urine due to the Presence of Lecithin-globulin.

PMID- 19981136
TI  - Cases of Non-nephritic Albuminuria.

PMID- 19981137
TI  - Arthritis in Dysentery: Its Causation, Prognosis and Treatment.

PMID- 19981138
TI  - The Early Manifestations of Scurvy.

PMID- 19981139
TI  - Some Deficiency Diseases and Leprosy.

PMID- 19981140
TI  - Typhus and Relapsing Fever in Mesopotamia and Northern Persia.

PMID- 19981141
TI  - The Bacteriology of Typhus Fever.

PMID- 19981142
TI  - Remarks on the Virus of Typhus Fever and the Means by which it is Conveyed.

PMID- 19981143
TI  - Non-nephritic Albuminuria.

PMID- 19981145
TI  - Some Lessons of the War applied to Spinal Surgery.

PMID- 19981144
TI  - President's Address: The Influence of Psychogenic Factors in Nervous Disorders.

PMID- 19981146
TI  - Shell Wound of Head, Right Temporal Region, Sensory Paresis of Left Hand and
      Foot; Mental and Physical Symptoms due to Hole in Skull; Effect of Closure with
      Osteoplastic Graft.

PMID- 19981147
TI  - Closure of Openings in the Skull by Bone Grafts.

PMID- 19981148
TI  - Shell Wound of Head, 1915; Persistent Headache Four Years; Operation; Free
      Opening of Skull and Dura in Region of Injury; Contusion of Brain Found; Relief
      of Headache.

PMID- 19981149
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Head; Fracture of Left Frontal and Parietal Bones.

PMID- 19981150
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Head; Fracture of Left Frontal and Parietal Bones.

PMID- 19981151
TI  - Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19981152
TI  - Case of Spastic Paraplegia illustrating certain Reflex Phenomena and the impeding
      influence of Muscular Hypertonicity and Reflex Spasms on Voluntary Movements of
      the Lower Limbs.

PMID- 19981153
TI  - Case of Meningitis Circumscripta Serosa following a Bullet Wound of the Neck,
      with Injury of the Posterior Columns of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19981154
TI  - Case of Lesion of the Suprascapular Nerve and First Dorsal Root, with Hemisection
      of the Cord produced by a Single Missile.

PMID- 19981155
TI  - Case of Spastic Quadriplegia following Injury of the Spinal Cord in the Upper
      Cervical Region, showing certain unusual Reflex Phenomena.

PMID- 19981156
TI  - An Unusual Case of Complete Bilateral Spastic Paralysis of Face, Jaw, Tongue and
      Larynx, following an Acute Illness.

PMID- 19981157
TI  - Forms of Peripheral Neuritis among Troops serving with the Egyptian Expeditionary
      Force, 1915-19.

PMID- 19981158
TI  - Anxiety States.

PMID- 19981159
TI  - The Results of Secondary Suture of Peripheral Nerves.

PMID- 19981161
TI  - Case of Indirect Traumatic Rupture of the Uterus during Pregnancy.

PMID- 19981160
TI  - On Decerebrate Rigidity in Man and the Occurrence of "Tonic Fits".

PMID- 19981162
TI  - Specimen of Douche Nozzle removed from the Female Bladder.

PMID- 19981164
TI  - Case of Combined Antepartum Haemorrhage: Placenta Praevia and Accidental
      Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19981163
TI  - Cystic Embryoma of Ovary.

PMID- 19981165
TI  - Specimen of Infected Fibromyoma of the Puerperal Uterus associated with General
      Peritonitis and removed by Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19981167
TI  - Case of High Ammonia Coefficient.

PMID- 19981166
TI  - A Report upon Two Specimens showing: (1) A Fibro-myo-lipoma of the Uterus; (2)
      Extensive Fatty Degeneration of a Uterine Fibromyoma.

PMID- 19981168
TI  - A Note on the Value of Blood Transfusion before Operation in Severe Secondary
      Anaemias.

PMID- 19981169
TI  - The Role of the Cinematograph in the Teaching of Obstetrics.

PMID- 19981170
TI  - Two Cases of Rupture of Vagina during Labour.

PMID- 19981171
TI  - Case of Sacculation of a Gravid Bicornute Uterus.

PMID- 19981172
TI  - Case of Ruptured Interstitial Ectopic Gestation.

PMID- 19981173
TI  - Rupture of the Bladder associated with a Retroverted Gravid Uterus.

PMID- 19981174
TI  - Case of Recurrent Haemorrhage from Laceration of the Cervix, treated by Blood
      Transfusion and Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19981175
TI  - Utero-placental (Accidental) Haemorrhage: A Clinical Report of Fifty Consecutive
      Cases.

PMID- 19981176
TI  - Accidental Rupture of Pedicle of Calcified Fibroid.

PMID- 19981177
TI  - Rupture of the Uterus; Treatment by Gauze Packing; Recovery.

PMID- 19981178
TI  - Wertheim's Hysterectomy for Advanced Carcinoma of the Cervix made possible by the
      Use of Radium.

PMID- 19981179
TI  - Nine Cases of Inversion of the Uterus.

PMID- 19981180
TI  - Case of Spontaneous Rupture of the Uterus following an Administration of
      Pituitary Extract.

PMID- 19981181
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19981183
TI  - Some Points concerning Tumour Growth.

PMID- 19981182
TI  - Specimen of a Fibroma of Ovary.

PMID- 19981184
TI  - The Pre-cancerous Uterus.

PMID- 19981185
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY.

PMID- 19981186
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981187
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981188
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981189
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981190
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981191
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981192
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981193
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981194
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981195
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981196
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981197
TI  - A Criticism of the Report of the Committee of the Council of the Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal Society of Medicine upon the Teaching of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology in London.

PMID- 19981198
TI  - The Origin of Epithelial Tumours of the Ovary.

PMID- 19981199
TI  - Primary and Secondary Carcinoma of the Ovary: A Statistical Record from the
      Pathological Institute of the London Hospital.

PMID- 19981200
TI  - The Debt of the Dental Profession to John Hunter.

PMID- 19981201
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981202
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981204
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981203
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981205
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981206
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981207
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981209
TI  - Ankylosis of the Mandible and its Operative Treatment.

PMID- 19981208
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981210
TI  - Dental Sepsis in Children: Its Consequences and Treatment.

PMID- 19981212
TI  - Case of Cystic Swellings in the Mouth.

PMID- 19981211
TI  - Case illustrating the Need for Conservative Treatment of Bone Fragments in
      Compound Fractures of the Mandible.

PMID- 19981213
TI  - Chronic Infective Osteitis of Maxillae in a Male, aged 40.

PMID- 19981214
TI  - Hemihyperplasia of Face, Jaws and Teeth.

PMID- 19981215
TI  - Case of Osteomyelitis of the Mandible.

PMID- 19981216
TI  - A Mandibular Third Molar situated in the Coronoid Process.

PMID- 19981217
TI  - Successful Case of Bone-grafting.

PMID- 19981218
TI  - Case of Metallic Mercury in the Region of the Right Mandible.

PMID- 19981220
TI  - Case of Unerupted Premolar.

PMID- 19981219
TI  - Three Cases of Misplaced and Unerupted Teeth.

PMID- 19981222
TI  - A Factor in the Pathology of Periodontal Disease.

PMID- 19981221
TI  - Traumatic Opening of Left Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19981223
TI  - The Relation of Teeth to the Floor of the Antrum.

PMID- 19981225
TI  - President's Address: A Plea for the Better Teaching of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

PMID- 19981224
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL CYSTS.

PMID- 19981226
TI  - Case of Bezold's Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19981227
TI  - Case in which a Blow on the Mastoid Process caused Partial Destruction of the
      Auditory Nerve with Destruction of the Vestibular Nerve.

PMID- 19981228
TI  - Case of Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19981229
TI  - Result of Healing of Chronic Middle-ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19981230
TI  - Acute Suppurative Inflammation of Right Mastoid infected from Chronic Right
      Maxillary Antral Empyema; Immediate Closure of Mastoid Wound after Application of
      B.I.P.

PMID- 19981231
TI  - Tumours of the Eighth Nerve.

PMID- 19981233
TI  - Traumatic Facial Paralysis Produced in an Unusual Way.

PMID- 19981232
TI  - Vertigo in Conjunction with a previous Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19981234
TI  - Traumatic Destruction of One Labyrinth illustrating the "Marking-time" Test-a
      Simplification of the "Babinski-Weil" Test.

PMID- 19981235
TI  - Two Cases illustrating the Scope and Utility of Ossiculectomy.

PMID- 19981236
TI  - A Useful Attic Syringe.

PMID- 19981238
TI  - Case of (?) Vertigo.

PMID- 19981237
TI  - Atresia of Left External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19981239
TI  - Destruction of the Tympanic Membrane by Hot Fluid.

PMID- 19981241
TI  - Meningitic Neuro-labyrinthitis.

PMID- 19981240
TI  - On some Anatomical Features of the Vestibule not previously recorded.

PMID- 19981242
TI  - A Malformation of the Human Stapes.

PMID- 19981244
TI  - Sarcoma of Middle Ear arising in Eustachian Tube.

PMID- 19981243
TI  - Congenital Redundant External Meatus; Repeated Abscess Formation; Excision.

PMID- 19981245
TI  - Transplantation of Anterior Half of Masseter Muscle for Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19981246
TI  - Case of Stenosis of the Meatus following Otitis Externa.

PMID- 19981247
TI  - Post-mortem Specimens from a Case of Cerebellar Abscess complicated by Thrombosis
      of the Lateral and Cavernous Sinuses.

PMID- 19981248
TI  - Section of Aspergillus from the Ear.

PMID- 19981249
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981250
TI  - Congenital Cupping of the External Auditory Meatus with Keratosis.

PMID- 19981252
TI  - Labyrinthitis; Diffuse Purulent Meningitis; Labyrinthectomy; Cure.

PMID- 19981251
TI  - Case of Purulent Otitic Meningitis; Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19981253
TI  - Case of Meniere's Syndrome.

PMID- 19981255
TI  - Hysterical Deaf-mutism of Eighteen Years' Duration.

PMID- 19981254
TI  - A Note on Vestibular Function.

PMID- 19981257
TI  - Rodent Ulcer of External Auditory Canal.

PMID- 19981256
TI  - Facial Paralysis with Nerve Deafness and Impaired Vestibular Reactions. A Case
      for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981258
TI  - Epithelioma of External Auditory Canal which Invaded the Tympanum.

PMID- 19981260
TI  - Case of Marked and Easily Elicited Labyrinth-Sinus Symptom; Pressure Nystagmus.

PMID- 19981259
TI  - Notes on Epithelioma of the External Auditory Canal which invaded the Mastoid
      Antrum without affecting the Drum.

PMID- 19981261
TI  - Case of Chronic Suppuration in the Left "Attic" with few Objective or Subjective
      Symptoms while Extensive Suppuration was found to be present in the Antrum and
      Mastoid Cells.

PMID- 19981262
TI  - A Diploetic Type of Temporal Bone and its Surgical Importance.

PMID- 19981263
TI  - A Bodo-like Flagellate persisting in the Urinary Tract for Five Years, the Urine
      remaining Bacteriologically Sterile throughout.

PMID- 19981264
TI  - The Traumatic Causation of Appendicitis: and Appendicular Concretions : Contra
      originem appendicitis traumaticam.

PMID- 19981265
TI  - Some Experiments Bearing on the Local Formation of Antibodies.

PMID- 19981266
TI  - The Relation of the Antitryptic Titre of the Blood to Bacterial Infection and
      Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19981267
TI  - The Nature of Serum Antitrypsin and its Relation to Autolysis, and the Formation
      of Toxins in Infection and in Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 19981268
TI  - Sphenoidal Empyema and Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Fever.

PMID- 19981270
TI  - Intratracheal Insufflation of Ether in Operations which involve Bleeding into the
      Air Passages.

PMID- 19981269
TI  - The Factors leading to the Removal of Bacteria from the Peripheral Circulation
      and Phagocytosis.

PMID- 19981271
TI  - Two Types of Portable Gas-Oxygen Apparatus.

PMID- 19981273
TI  - Apparatus for Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen.

PMID- 19981272
TI  - Apparatus for Nitrous Oxide, Oxygen, and Ether.

PMID- 19981274
TI  - Intratracheal Insufflation of Chloroform; A Report on 357 Cases.

PMID- 19981275
TI  - Joseph Clover: An Appreciation.

PMID- 19981277
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981276
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981278
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981280
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981279
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981281
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981282
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981283
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OPERATIONS ON THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19981284
TI  - Trench Fever: Its Epidemiology and Endemiology.

PMID- 19981285
TI  - First Principles: and Epidemiology.

PMID- 19981286
TI  - The Epidemiology of Acute Encephalomyelitis ("X Disease") in Australia.

PMID- 19981287
TI  - An Investigation into the Periodicity of Epidemics of Whooping-cough from 1870
      1910 by Means of the Periodogram.

PMID- 19981289
TI  - Typhus Fever in Poland, 1916 to 1919.

PMID- 19981288
TI  - The Relationship of Small-pox and Alastrim.

PMID- 19981290
TI  - The Apparent Rate of Disappearance of Diphtheria Bacilli from the Throat after an
      Attack of the Disease.

PMID- 19981291
TI  - The Serbian Epidemics of Typhus and Relapsing Fever in 1915: Their Origin,
      Course, and Preventive Measures employed for their Arrest : (An AEtiological and
      Preventive Study based on Records of British Military Sanitary Mission to Serbia,
      1915.).

PMID- 19981292
TI  - The Discovery of the Intestinal Protozoa of Man.

PMID- 19981293
TI  - Farquhar Leiche: Medicus Regis.

PMID- 19981294
TI  - The History of Baths and Bathing in Britain before the Norman Conquest.

PMID- 19981295
TI  - Acute Disseminated Choroido-retinitis of Doubtful Origin.

PMID- 19981296
TI  - The Need of Ophthalmic Physicians for the Advancement of Ophthalmology.

PMID- 19981297
TI  - Discussion on Mr. Rayner D. Batten's Paper, "The Need of Ophthalmic Physicians
      for the Advancement of Ophthalmology".

PMID- 19981299
TI  - Case of Keratitis following Gunpowder Explosion.

PMID- 19981298
TI  - Unusual Optic Nerve Tumour.

PMID- 19981300
TI  - Detachment of the Retina with unusual condition of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19981301
TI  - Case of "Gassing" followed by Tubercular Iritis.

PMID- 19981302
TI  - Aneurismal Varix of Cavernous Sinus.

PMID- 19981303
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Face; Loss of Left Eye.

PMID- 19981304
TI  - Vessels on Iris.

PMID- 19981305
TI  - Macular Detachment of Retina; ? New Growth.

PMID- 19981307
TI  - Gunshot Wound in Occipital Lobe.

PMID- 19981306
TI  - Pulsating Exophthalmos.

PMID- 19981308
TI  - Injury to the Fundus Oculi at Birth.

PMID- 19981309
TI  - New Growth of the Retina.

PMID- 19981310
TI  - The Radical Cure of Gonorrhoeal Iritis.

PMID- 19981311
TI  - Extraction with Peripheral Iridectomy, Endophthalmitis, Central Iridectomy
      ("Iridotomy") with Hook.

PMID- 19981312
TI  - Extraction of Right Dislocated Lens; Subluxation of Left Lens, which shows
      Suspensory Ligament.

PMID- 19981313
TI  - Blue-dotted Cataract.

PMID- 19981314
TI  - Vestibular Nystagmus.

PMID- 19981315
TI  - Case of Birth Injury.

PMID- 19981316
TI  - Bilateral Changes in the Macula with Good Vision.

PMID- 19981318
TI  - Gummata of the Eyelid.

PMID- 19981317
TI  - Mass of Connective Tissue Covering the Disc.

PMID- 19981320
TI  - Cyst of Orbital Portion of Lacrymal Gland.

PMID- 19981319
TI  - Card Test for Colour-blindness.

PMID- 19981321
TI  - Cobalt Glass as an Aid to Refraction.

PMID- 19981322
TI  - The Treatment of Prolapse of the Iris following Accidental Perforating Wounds
      with a Note on the Removal of Non-Magnetic Foreign Bodies from the Anterior
      Chamber.

PMID- 19981323
TI  - Perithelioma of the Lid.

PMID- 19981325
TI  - Cyst of the Iris.

PMID- 19981324
TI  - Case of von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19981326
TI  - Restoration of Socket.

PMID- 19981327
TI  - Symmetrical Crystal-like Deposits in the Region of Bowman's Membrane.

PMID- 19981328
TI  - Herpes Ophthalmicus in a Child, aged 3.

PMID- 19981329
TI  - Mass Obscuring the Optic Disc.

PMID- 19981331
TI  - Congenital Malformation in the Outer Canthus.

PMID- 19981330
TI  - Superficial Punctate Keratitis.

PMID- 19981333
TI  - The Corning Daylight Filter.

PMID- 19981332
TI  - Sebaceous Horn of Left Upper Lid becoming Malignant.

PMID- 19981334
TI  - Case of (?) Furrow Keratitis.

PMID- 19981335
TI  - Partial Avulsion of the Disc, with Ectasia.

PMID- 19981336
TI  - Observations on the Psychogenetic Psychoses.

PMID- 19981338
TI  - Studies in the Pathology of Dementia Praecox.

PMID- 19981337
TI  - The Nature of Epilepsy.

PMID- 19981339
TI  - Psycho-analysis of a Case of Early Paranoid Dementia.

PMID- 19981341
TI  - Case of Leukaemia with Scalp Nodules.

PMID- 19981340
TI  - Sequel of the Case of Lipodystrophia Progressiva, shown on January 24, 1919.

PMID- 19981342
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis with Nodules.

PMID- 19981344
TI  - Three Cases of Renal Dwarfism associated with Curious Bony Changes.

PMID- 19981343
TI  - Cases of Anaemia with Enlarged Spleen.

PMID- 19981345
TI  - Case of Renal Infantilism.

PMID- 19981346
TI  - Suprarenal Sarcoma of the Robert Hutchison Type.

PMID- 19981347
TI  - Dislocation of the Thumb in a Child, aged 9 Months.

PMID- 19981349
TI  - Case of Oxycephaly.

PMID- 19981348
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981350
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19981351
TI  - Testing and Grading of Cardio-respiratory Power among School Children.

PMID- 19981353
TI  - OEsophageal Obstruction in Young Children.

PMID- 19981352
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Toxaemia and the Examination of Swabs of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19981354
TI  - Psycho-therapy in Early Childhood.

PMID- 19981355
TI  - Primary Sarcoma of Small Intestine causing Unusual Symptoms.

PMID- 19981356
TI  - Epileptic Convulsions in Children, with Marked Intestinal Abnormalities.

PMID- 19981357
TI  - Two Cases of Melaena Neonatorum treated by Injection of Fresh Citrated Blood.

PMID- 19981358
TI  - Case of Fragilitas Ossium with Typical Blue Sclerotics in a Girl aged 8 years,
      with Traces of Seven Fractures, one in the Right Arm, the others in the Legs.

PMID- 19981360
TI  - Case of Double Sprengel's Shoulder Deformity.

PMID- 19981359
TI  - Partial Fracture of Radius and Ulna in a Breast-fed Infant, aged 6 weeks.

PMID- 19981361
TI  - Case of So-called Renal Infantilism.

PMID- 19981362
TI  - Congenital Absence of Pectoralis Major and Minor; Elevation of the Scapula.

PMID- 19981363
TI  - Bilateral Baker's Cysts-Recurrence after Operation.

PMID- 19981364
TI  - Isolated Disease of Tarsal Scaphoid-Kohler's Disease.

PMID- 19981365
TI  - Splenectomy for Splenomegalic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19981366
TI  - Family Osteo-arthritis.

PMID- 19981368
TI  - Specimens from Four Cases of Punctate Ulceration on the Stomach in Infants.

PMID- 19981367
TI  - Chronic Jaundice; Congenital Defect of the Bile-ducts.

PMID- 19981369
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis with Associated
      Hypertrophies.

PMID- 19981370
TI  - Extensive Primary Tuberculous Disease of the Heart.

PMID- 19981371
TI  - Case of Cirrhosis of Liver and Spleen.

PMID- 19981372
TI  - Isolated Disease of the Scaphoid Bone.

PMID- 19981373
TI  - Notes of a Case of OEsophagectasis in an Infant, with Radiograms.

PMID- 19981374
TI  - Sclerodactylia with Raynaud's Phenomena and Necrosis of Nasal Bones.

PMID- 19981375
TI  - Further Note on a previously shown Case of Cirrhosis of Liver in a Child.

PMID- 19981376
TI  - Case of Polio-encephalitis affecting the Mid-brain, showing Involvement of the
      Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal Systems.

PMID- 19981377
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981378
TI  - Case of Lipodystrophia.

PMID- 19981379
TI  - Enlargement of Cervical Lymphatic Glands in a Case of Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19981380
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981382
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981383
TI  - Sudden Occlusion of the Right Brachial and Femoral Arteries in an Infant aged 10
      days, with Gangrene of Arm and Leg; Recovery of Arm, Amputation at Thigh.

PMID- 19981381
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981384
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981385
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981386
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981387
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981388
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSORY FOOD FACTORS (VITAMINES) IN THE FEEDING
      OF INFANTS.

PMID- 19981390
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981389
TI  - Case of Hemi-hypertrophy.

PMID- 19981391
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981392
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981393
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981394
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981396
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981395
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981398
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SECONDARY DEPOSITS IN BONE MISTAKEN FOR PRIMARY TUMOURS.

PMID- 19981397
TI  - NOTES ON BOOKS.

PMID- 19981399
TI  - Case of Os Tibiale Sesamoideum.

PMID- 19981401
TI  - Case of Chronic Synovitis of both Knee-joints.

PMID- 19981400
TI  - Skiagrams of an Injury to the Neck of the Femur produced in straightening a
      Flexed Hip in a Case of Infantile Paralysis.

PMID- 19981402
TI  - Two Cases of Multiple Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19981403
TI  - Case of Multiple Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19981404
TI  - Case of Sternomastoid Tumour in a Child born by Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19981405
TI  - Case of Arthritis of the Knee with Persistent Flexion.

PMID- 19981406
TI  - Case of Infantilism.

PMID- 19981407
TI  - Case of Traumatic Myositis Ossificans.

PMID- 19981408
TI  - Recovery after Suture of Median and Ulnar Nerves in the Forearm.

PMID- 19981409
TI  - Dupuytren's Contraction in a Man, aged 31.

PMID- 19981410
TI  - Scoliosis of Uncertain Origin.

PMID- 19981411
TI  - Congenital Diverticulum of the Colon.

PMID- 19981412
TI  - Appendicectomy by a New Route and Simplified Procedure.

PMID- 19981414
TI  - Case of Multiple Adenomata of the Colon with Secondary Carcinoma.

PMID- 19981413
TI  - Case of Intestinal Coccidiosis (?).

PMID- 19981415
TI  - Case of Sarcoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19981416
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981417
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981418
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981419
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981420
TI  - Case of Carcinoma of the Colon after Operation.

PMID- 19981422
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981421
TI  - Specimen from Case of Anal Warts.

PMID- 19981423
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981425
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981424
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981426
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981427
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981428
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981429
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981431
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981430
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE REMOTE RESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND
      DUODENAL ULCERS.

PMID- 19981433
TI  - Case of Piles of Unusual Size and Duration.

PMID- 19981432
TI  - EXHIBITION OF SPECIMENS OF LEATHER-BOTTLE STOMACH AND INNOCENT TUMOURS OF THE
      ALIMENTARY TRACT : Catalogue of Exhibits.

PMID- 19981434
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SECONDARY DEPOSITS IN BONE MISTAKEN FOR PRIMARY TUMOURS.

PMID- 19981435
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Right Femur.

PMID- 19981436
TI  - Case of Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19981437
TI  - Coxa Vara in a Child aged 9 Months.

PMID- 19981438
TI  - Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19981439
TI  - Fracture of the Carpal Scaphoid.

PMID- 19981440
TI  - Dupuytren's Contraction.

PMID- 19981441
TI  - The Treatment of Procidentia by Injections.

PMID- 19981442
TI  - Ankylosis of both Hip Joints.

PMID- 19981443
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Ulna.

PMID- 19981444
TI  - The Use of Pneumatic Pads in the Treatment of Ununited Fractures of the Humerus.

PMID- 19981446
TI  - Case of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19981445
TI  - Two Cases of Thickening of the Femur.

PMID- 19981447
TI  - Exostosis of the Radius.

PMID- 19981448
TI  - Mid-carpal Fracture Dislocation.

PMID- 19981449
TI  - Cyst of the Head of the Tibia.

PMID- 19981451
TI  - Birth Palsy with Dislocation of the Head of the Radius.

PMID- 19981450
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Tibiae.

PMID- 19981452
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981454
TI  - Case of Genu Varum of Late Onset.

PMID- 19981453
TI  - Dupuytren's Contracture in a Young Man following Injury (shown before and after
      Operation).

PMID- 19981456
TI  - Case of Bony Ankylosis of Left Knee.

PMID- 19981455
TI  - Case of Paralytic Dislocation of the Hip.

PMID- 19981457
TI  - Case of Bony Ankylosis of Right Ankle-joint Treated by Cuneiform Osteotomy.

PMID- 19981459
TI  - A Note on Abnormal Torsion of the Femoral Shaft.

PMID- 19981458
TI  - Case of Bilateral Congenital Elevation of the Shoulder.

PMID- 19981460
TI  - Gunshot Wounds of the Large Intestine and Rectum, with Special Reference to
      Surgical Treatment.

PMID- 19981461
TI  - Case of Excision of the Rectum, Four Years after Operation.

PMID- 19981462
TI  - Case of Two Carcinomatous Growths of the Colon in the same Patient.

PMID- 19981463
TI  - Case of Stricture of Rectum, probably Syphilitic.

PMID- 19981464
TI  - A Short Communication on a Case of Abdominal-perineal Excision of the Rectum,
      followed by Intestinal Obstruction and Gangrene of the Terminal Portion of the
      Colon.

PMID- 19981465
TI  - Case of Primary Chancre of Anus.

PMID- 19981467
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SECONDARY DEPOSITS IN BONE MISTAKEN FOR PRIMARY TUMOURS.

PMID- 19981466
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981468
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981469
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981470
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SECONDARY DEPOSITS IN BONE MISTAKEN FOR PRIMARY TUMOURS.

PMID- 19981472
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981471
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SECONDARY DEPOSITS IN BONE MISTAKEN FOR PRIMARY TUMOURS.

PMID- 19981473
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981474
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981475
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981477
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981476
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND.

PMID- 19981478
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981479
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SECONDARY DEPOSITS IN BONE MISTAKEN FOR PRIMARY TUMOURS.

PMID- 19981480
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981481
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981482
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981484
TI  - Case of Coxa Vara after Reduction of Congenital Dislocation of Hip.

PMID- 19981483
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981485
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981486
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981487
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981488
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981489
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981490
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981491
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981492
TI  - Two Cases of Secondary Scoliosis.

PMID- 19981493
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981494
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981495
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981496
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981497
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981498
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19981499
TI  - Birth Palsy in a Boy.

PMID- 19981500
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981502
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981501
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981503
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981504
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981505
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981506
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981508
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981507
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981509
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981510
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981511
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981512
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981513
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981515
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981514
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981516
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981517
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981518
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981519
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT.

PMID- 19981520
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981521
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981523
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981522
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES DUE TO DIETETIC
      DEFICIENCIES.

PMID- 19981525
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981524
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981526
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981527
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981528
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981529
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981530
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF OXYGEN.

PMID- 19981531
TI  - Case of Diabetes Insipidus.

PMID- 19981533
TI  - Prevention of Disease on Active Service.

PMID- 19981532
TI  - A Retrospective View of Naval Medical Conditions.

PMID- 19981534
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981535
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981536
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981537
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981538
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981539
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981540
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981541
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GAS-POISONING.

PMID- 19981543
TI  - Mud Baths and Nephritis.

PMID- 19981542
TI  - Scurvy: With Special Reference to Prophylaxis in the Royal Navy.

PMID- 19981544
TI  - Note on a Possible Defect of Barium-containing Waters.

PMID- 19981545
TI  - On the Value of Combined Methods in Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981546
TI  - President's Address: Advancing Years and Balneo-therapy.

PMID- 19981547
TI  - Case of Splenomegaly, with great enlargement of Liver, and with Jaundice
      (Acholuric) but no Ascites.

PMID- 19981548
TI  - The Clinical Significance of Shoulder-pain in Lesions of the Upper Abdomen.

PMID- 19981549
TI  - Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Death from Acute Anaemia due to Massive Haemorrhages
      (Haematomata); Simulation of Slight Pyuria by Leukaemic Oozing in the Urine.

PMID- 19981550
TI  - Case of Diffuse Hypertrophy of the Breasts.

PMID- 19981551
TI  - Case of Injury to Right Elbow.

PMID- 19981552
TI  - The Disappearance of a Mediastinal Neoplasm under X-ray and Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19981554
TI  - Case of Strangulation of the Small Intestine by a Band, with Unusual Absence of
      Symptoms.

PMID- 19981553
TI  - Case of Carcinoma en Cuirasse, treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19981555
TI  - Case of Enlarged Ischial Bursae.

PMID- 19981557
TI  - Case of Coxa Valga.

PMID- 19981556
TI  - Hysterical Blindness of Four Years' Duration cured by Psychotherapy.

PMID- 19981558
TI  - Case of large Right Scrotal Hernia.

PMID- 19981559
TI  - Case of von Recklinghausen's Disease (Neuro-fibromatosis).

PMID- 19981560
TI  - Case of Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19981562
TI  - Epithelioma of Soft Palate and Fauces on the right side and Cheek on the left
      side treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19981561
TI  - Recurrent Epithelioma of Floor of Mouth treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19981563
TI  - Cases of Injury to the Carpal Bones.

PMID- 19981564
TI  - Ambulatory Case of Lethargic (Epidemic) Encephalitis followed by Symptomatic
      Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19981565
TI  - Neoplasm of Lung.

PMID- 19981567
TI  - Case of Fracture of the Femur and Tibia of the same Leg.

PMID- 19981566
TI  - Case of Ununited Fracture of the Humerus treated by the Insertion of a Segment of
      Fibula into the Medullary Cavity.

PMID- 19981568
TI  - Case of Hypopituitarism.

PMID- 19981569
TI  - Case of Cavernous Naevus of the Foot.

PMID- 19981570
TI  - Case of Osteo-chondritis Deformans (Legg's Disease or Perthes' Disease).

PMID- 19981572
TI  - Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis in an Adult.

PMID- 19981571
TI  - Case of Sclerodactylia of the Hands with Multiple Telangiectases of the Skin and
      Mucous Membranes.

PMID- 19981573
TI  - Chronic Jaundice in a Young Woman, with Enlargement of the Spleen and Liver.

PMID- 19981574
TI  - Case of Osteo-chondritis Deformans.

PMID- 19981575
TI  - Exhibition of a Patient in whom the late Colonel Charles Stonham ligatured the
      first part of the Left Subclavian Artery for Aneurysm in 1899.

PMID- 19981576
TI  - Epithelioma supervening on Scar Eight Years after Destruction of a Hairy Mole by
      X-rays.

PMID- 19981577
TI  - Hydronephrosis due to Abnormal Renal Vessels kinking the Ureter.

PMID- 19981578
TI  - Submammary Tumour of the Chest Wall.

PMID- 19981579
TI  - Case of Extreme Dislocation of the Heart into the Right Axilla.

PMID- 19981580
TI  - Case of Mycotic Aneurysm of the Right Calf.

PMID- 19981581
TI  - Two Cases of Dupuytren's Fracture treated by Screws.

PMID- 19981583
TI  - Hair-balls or Hair-casts of the Stomach and Gastro-intestinal tract.

PMID- 19981582
TI  - Cases illustrating Plastic Surgery of the Face.

PMID- 19981584
TI  - Partial Gastrectomy for Simple Ulcer.

PMID- 19981585
TI  - Post-mortem Findings of Case of ? Neoplasm of Lung, shown at the Meeting of the
      Section on December 10, 1920.

PMID- 19981586
TI  - Case of Congenital Aortic Atresia.

PMID- 19981587
TI  - Case of Osteitis Fibrosa treated by Resection of 4 in. of Humerus and Insertion
      of Boiled Beef-bone Graft.

PMID- 19981588
TI  - Case of Cystic Tumour of the Cheek.

PMID- 19981589
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of the Skull.

PMID- 19981590
TI  - Case of Parovarian Cyst in a Baby, aged 3 Months.

PMID- 19981591
TI  - Case of Multiple Brodie's Abscesses in the Scapula.

PMID- 19981593
TI  - Hour-glass Stomach with Pyloric Stenosis, treated by Gastro-jejunostomy, followed
      by Gastro-gastrostomy.

PMID- 19981592
TI  - Case of Abdominal Tumour.

PMID- 19981594
TI  - Enlarged Spleen: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981595
TI  - Case of Operation on Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19981596
TI  - Case of Gastro-jejunal Ulcer.

PMID- 19981597
TI  - Case of Tendon Transplantation.

PMID- 19981598
TI  - Case of Jejunal Ulcer.

PMID- 19981599
TI  - Carcinoma of Stomach: Partial Gastrectomy.

PMID- 19981600
TI  - Case of Delhi Boil.

PMID- 19981601
TI  - Case of Multiple Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Sarcoma.

PMID- 19981602
TI  - Leukaemia with Cutaneous Nodules.

PMID- 19981603
TI  - Case of Parakeratosis Variegata.

PMID- 19981604
TI  - Case of Post-vaccinal Psoriasis.

PMID- 19981605
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981606
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981607
TI  - Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa with Bullous Lesions.

PMID- 19981608
TI  - Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa with Epidermal Cysts.

PMID- 19981609
TI  - Circumscribed Deep Induration following Application of X-rays.

PMID- 19981610
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19981611
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981612
TI  - Case of (?) Kaposi's Haemorrhagic Sarcoma or Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19981614
TI  - Case of Dercum's Disease.

PMID- 19981613
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981615
TI  - Two Cases of Psoriasis treated by Danysz's Method.

PMID- 19981616
TI  - Case of Local Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 19981617
TI  - Case of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19981619
TI  - Sarcoids of the Darier-Roussy Type.

PMID- 19981618
TI  - Cases after Operation for Extensive Hairy Moles of the Face.

PMID- 19981620
TI  - Case after Operation for Hairy Mole of the Face.

PMID- 19981621
TI  - Three Cases of Dermatitis Scrofulosa.

PMID- 19981622
TI  - Bilateral Parotitis of (?) Syphilitic Origin.

PMID- 19981624
TI  - Carcinoma Cutis and Pre-cancerous Hyperkeratosis.

PMID- 19981623
TI  - Case of Pigmentation (? Addison's Disease).

PMID- 19981625
TI  - Case of Early Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19981627
TI  - Morphoea Guttata with Arthritis.

PMID- 19981626
TI  - Lichen Planus Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19981629
TI  - Extensive Naevus of the Type Naevus Unius Lateris.

PMID- 19981630
TI  - Anomalous Granuloma.

PMID- 19981628
TI  - Oriental Sore of Lobe of Ear.

PMID- 19981631
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981632
TI  - Multiple Tumours of the Scalp.

PMID- 19981634
TI  - Lymphangioma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19981633
TI  - Framboesiform Syphilis.

PMID- 19981635
TI  - Case of Severe Tertiary Syphilis.

PMID- 19981636
TI  - Case of almost complete Alopecia Areata of the Scalp of Five Years' Duration, in
      which rapid Regrowth of the Hair followed Removal of Tonsils and Adenoids, and
      subsequent Vaccine Treatment.

PMID- 19981637
TI  - Case of Xanthoma Multiplex.

PMID- 19981638
TI  - Some Remarks on the Development of the Leishman-Donovan Bodies.

PMID- 19981639
TI  - Case of Boeck's Sarcoid.

PMID- 19981640
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981641
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19981642
TI  - Case of Morphoea Guttata et Areata.

PMID- 19981643
TI  - Case of Haematolymphangioma.

PMID- 19981644
TI  - Case of Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19981645
TI  - Tuberculide treated with Novarsenobillon.

PMID- 19981646
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19981647
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris of the Ear Lobule.

PMID- 19981648
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19981650
TI  - Case of Radium Burn.

PMID- 19981649
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus with Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19981652
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19981651
TI  - Case of Neuro-fibromatosis.

PMID- 19981653
TI  - Demonstration of a Method of detecting the Presence of Catalytic Enzymes in
      Infected Hairs.

PMID- 19981654
TI  - Lichen Planus Annularis.

PMID- 19981655
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides.

PMID- 19981656
TI  - Case of Monilithrix.

PMID- 19981657
TI  - Two Cases of (?) Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19981658
TI  - Basal Cell Carcinoma.

PMID- 19981660
TI  - Carcinoma Cutis in Anthracene Workers.

PMID- 19981659
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus (Juvenilis).

PMID- 19981661
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus with Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19981662
TI  - Case of Sclerodactyly.

PMID- 19981663
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19981664
TI  - Case of Xanthoma.

PMID- 19981665
TI  - Case of (?) Diphtheria of the Skin.

PMID- 19981666
TI  - A Condition somewhat resembling Lupus Pernio in a Child.

PMID- 19981667
TI  - Two Cases of Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19981668
TI  - Purpura Annularis Telangiectodes.

PMID- 19981669
TI  - Case of Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19981670
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981671
TI  - Case of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19981672
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19981673
TI  - Case of von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19981675
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19981674
TI  - Diphtheroid Ulceration of the Skin.

PMID- 19981676
TI  - Case of Congenital Hypertrichosis.

PMID- 19981677
TI  - Case of Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19981678
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981679
TI  - Photographs of an Extensive and Severe Case of Tuberculosis of the Skin
      successfully treated by means of Picric-brass Preparations combined with
      Heliotherapy.

PMID- 19981680
TI  - Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19981681
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus in a Woman, aged 47.

PMID- 19981682
TI  - So-called Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma (Kaposi).

PMID- 19981683
TI  - Case of Peculiar Scarring following Comedo.

PMID- 19981684
TI  - Case of Erythrodermia with Lymphocytosis.

PMID- 19981685
TI  - Atrophic Condition of Skin following Treatment of Naevus.

PMID- 19981686
TI  - Erythema Figuratum Perstans.

PMID- 19981687
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19981688
TI  - Keratodermia Blenorrhagica.

PMID- 19981689
TI  - Hyperkeratosis Blenorrhagica.

PMID- 19981690
TI  - Lichen Variegatus.

PMID- 19981691
TI  - Some Physical Considerations in Radio-Therapy.

PMID- 19981693
TI  - Deep Radio-therapy.

PMID- 19981692
TI  - Deep Radio-therapy.

PMID- 19981694
TI  - Deep Radio-therapy.

PMID- 19981696
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON RADIO-THERAPY.

PMID- 19981695
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON RADIO-THERAPY.

PMID- 19981698
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON RADIO-THERAPY.

PMID- 19981697
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON RADIO-THERAPY.

PMID- 19981699
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON RADIO-THERAPY.

PMID- 19981700
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON RADIO-THERAPY.

PMID- 19981701
TI  - Physiological Advance: the Importance of the Infinitely Little.

PMID- 19981703
TI  - The Radio-therapy of Superficial Structures.

PMID- 19981702
TI  - The Therapeutic Action of the Constant Current.

PMID- 19981704
TI  - Observations on some of the Diseases of Animals communicable to Man.

PMID- 19981705
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM MAN AND ANIMALS.".

PMID- 19981706
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM MAN AND ANIMALS.".

PMID- 19981707
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM MAN AND ANIMALS.".

PMID- 19981708
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM MAN AND ANIMALS.".

PMID- 19981709
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM MAN AND ANIMALS.".

PMID- 19981710
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM MAN AND ANIMALS.".

PMID- 19981711
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM MAN AND ANIMALS.".

PMID- 19981712
TI  - Case of Leontiasis Ossium.

PMID- 19981713
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19981714
TI  - Laryngeal Tumour for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981715
TI  - Large Fibrous Tumour of Cheek.

PMID- 19981716
TI  - Laryngeal Tumour for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981717
TI  - Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Odontome) of the Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19981719
TI  - Case of Laryngocele.

PMID- 19981718
TI  - Chronic Superficial Abscess of Left Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19981720
TI  - Multiple Polypi of the Deep Pharynx.

PMID- 19981721
TI  - Case of Congenital Laryngeal Web.

PMID- 19981722
TI  - Case of OEdema of the Larynx for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981724
TI  - A Problem in Diagnosis: Division (?) of both Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves;
      Bilateral Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19981723
TI  - Fixation of the Arytaenoids in a Case of Osteo-arthritis.

PMID- 19981725
TI  - Paralysis of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve after Thyroidectomy.

PMID- 19981726
TI  - Tumours of the Ventricles and of the Ventricular Bands-commonly called the False
      Cords-of the Larynx. An Epidiascopic Demonstration.

PMID- 19981727
TI  - Epidiascopic Demonstration of Two Authenticated Specimens of Eversion of the
      Sacculus Laryngis.

PMID- 19981728
TI  - Right-sided Recurrent Paralysis with Partial Atrophy of Tongue and Weakness of
      Soft Palate.

PMID- 19981729
TI  - Adhesions between the Back of the Tongue and the Posterior Pharyngeal Wall.

PMID- 19981730
TI  - Reports of Two Cases of Fatal Tonsillectomy.

PMID- 19981731
TI  - Tumour of Nasopharynx extending Outwards into Zygomatic and Temporal Fossae
      (section shown).

PMID- 19981732
TI  - Exhibit of Water-colour Drawings of Post-cricoid Carcinoma and other Conditions.

PMID- 19981733
TI  - Large Angeioma of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19981735
TI  - Bilateral Adductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19981734
TI  - Tumour of the Larynx-a Soft Fibroma.

PMID- 19981736
TI  - A Laryngeal Growth with Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19981737
TI  - Foreign Body discharged from the Nose.

PMID- 19981738
TI  - Cystomata of the Larynx (Synopsis of an Epidiascopic Demonstration).

PMID- 19981739
TI  - An Account of Two Cases of Obstruction of the OEsophagus by a Foreign Body acting
      as Ball-valve.

PMID- 19981741
TI  - Case of New Growth in the Left Bronchus.

PMID- 19981740
TI  - Right-sided Recurrent Paralysis with Partial Atrophy and Loss of Mobility of
      Tongue, difficulty in Swallowing, &c.

PMID- 19981743
TI  - Case of Chronic Suppuration of the Antrum of Highmore treated by the Canfield
      Operation. (Previously exhibited).

PMID- 19981742
TI  - Case of Fixation of Vocal Cord following Healed Tuberculosis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981744
TI  - Bilateral Paralysis of the Internal Tensors of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981746
TI  - Case of Left-sided Glosso-palato-vagal Paresis.

PMID- 19981745
TI  - Notes of a Case of Pharyngeal Pouch removed from a Male, aged 72, Seven Years
      ago.

PMID- 19981748
TI  - Bilateral Abductor Paresis of Cords with Simple Enlargement of Thyroid.

PMID- 19981747
TI  - Case of Lingual Thyroid.

PMID- 19981749
TI  - Some Contemporary Notes of a Case of Pharyngeal Pouch-first reported 1764.
      Epidiascopic Demonstration.

PMID- 19981750
TI  - Case of Lateral Proboscis.

PMID- 19981751
TI  - Large Dental Cyst.

PMID- 19981752
TI  - Case of Cyst on Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19981753
TI  - Case of Giant-cell Systems in a Tonsil.

PMID- 19981754
TI  - Retention Cyst of the Floor of Left Nostril, with Specimen of a similar Cyst
      removed last year from the Right Nostril of the same Patient.

PMID- 19981755
TI  - Tumour growing from Right Supra-tonsillar Fossa Region.

PMID- 19981756
TI  - Scarlatinal Scarring of the Pharynx.

PMID- 19981757
TI  - Case of Bilateral Abductor Paresis of Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19981758
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981759
TI  - Case of Hoarse Voice for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981760
TI  - Sarcoma (?) of Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19981761
TI  - Bilateral Abduction Paralysis in Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19981762
TI  - Bilateral Subperiosteal Suppuration of the Orbit during Scarlet Fever, due to
      Ethmoidal Suppuration (Orbital Cellulitis).

PMID- 19981763
TI  - Frontal Sinusitis during Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19981764
TI  - Specimen to show Artificial Emphysema of the Right Half of the Larynx, produced
      by Pressure of Air through the Trachea after a Puncture of the Subcordal Mucous
      Membrane.

PMID- 19981765
TI  - Tumour of Pharynx in a Young Man.

PMID- 19981767
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981766
TI  - Lympho-sarcoma of Post-nasal Space.

PMID- 19981768
TI  - Case of Pachydermia of the Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19981769
TI  - Excision of Pharyngeal Pouch followed by the Formation of a Carcinoma at the Site
      of Operation.

PMID- 19981770
TI  - Foreign Body (Collar Stud) in the OEsophagus of an Infant, causing Spinal
      Osteomyelitis and Death.

PMID- 19981771
TI  - Demonstration of New Tracheotomy Tube.

PMID- 19981772
TI  - Case of Subglottic Thickening, at first diagnosed as Primary Laryngeal
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19981773
TI  - Tuberculosis of Interarytaenoid Region, Right Vocal Cord, Right Vocal Band, and
      Left Vocal Process, treated with the Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19981775
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx under Treatment with the Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19981774
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx which has now remained healed for Four Years after
      Treatment by the Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19981776
TI  - Intrinsic Epithelioma of the Larynx in a Woman, aged 35.

PMID- 19981778
TI  - Subglottic Tumour. ? Cyst.

PMID- 19981777
TI  - Case of Laryngocele; after Operation.

PMID- 19981779
TI  - Extensive Malignant Endothelioma of Nose.

PMID- 19981780
TI  - Case of Enlarged Tonsils for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19981781
TI  - Case of Acromegaly.

PMID- 19981782
TI  - Endolaryngeal Tumour.

PMID- 19981783
TI  - Thyro-glossal Cyst.

PMID- 19981785
TI  - Case of Loculation of the Maxillary Antrum, with Suppuration and Reflected Pains,
      including the Spheno-palatine Ganglion Complex (Sluder), suggesting Malignant
      Disease.

PMID- 19981784
TI  - Sarcoma of Antrum, Ethmoid, &c.

PMID- 19981786
TI  - Case illustrating the Difficulty in Diagnosis of Carcinoma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19981787
TI  - Two Cases showing Results of Treatment of Lupus by Sodium Iodide and Ionization
      (Copenhagen Method).

PMID- 19981788
TI  - Case of Transposition of the Viscera, showing a Potentially Bicameral Heart.

PMID- 19981789
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981791
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981790
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981792
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981793
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981794
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981795
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981796
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX.

PMID- 19981797
TI  - Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava and both Renal Veins.

PMID- 19981798
TI  - Aphasia: An Historical Review : (The Hughlings Jackson Lecture for 1920.).

PMID- 19981799
TI  - President's Address: The Causes of Nervous Diseases.

PMID- 19981800
TI  - DISCUSSION ON APHASIA : (The Hughlings Jackson Lecture, 1920.).

PMID- 19981802
TI  - DISCUSSION ON APHASIA.

PMID- 19981801
TI  - DISCUSSION ON APHASIA.

PMID- 19981803
TI  - DISCUSSION ON APHASIA.

PMID- 19981804
TI  - DISCUSSION ON APHASIA.

PMID- 19981805
TI  - DISCUSSION ON APHASIA.

PMID- 19981806
TI  - Tabes: Its Early Recognition and Treatment.

PMID- 19981807
TI  - Case of Acute Myelitis at about Seventh Dorsal Segment, with Optic Neuritis.

PMID- 19981809
TI  - Case of Intracranial Pressure (?) Tumour; Recovery without Operation.

PMID- 19981808
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: possibly Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19981810
TI  - Case of Friedreich's Ataxia.

PMID- 19981811
TI  - Case of Lethargic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19981812
TI  - Case of Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19981813
TI  - Case of Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19981814
TI  - Case of Graves' Disease: (?) Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19981815
TI  - Case of Spinal Tumour removed by Operation.

PMID- 19981817
TI  - Case of Epilepsy with Acromegaly and Unilateral Tumour.

PMID- 19981816
TI  - Case of Echinococcal Cyst of Left Parietal Region.

PMID- 19981818
TI  - Case of Optic Atrophy from Neuritis and Gastric Attacks.

PMID- 19981819
TI  - Case of Paralysis Agitans following Malaria.

PMID- 19981820
TI  - Case of Torsion Dystonia.

PMID- 19981821
TI  - Colloid Ball-like Tumour in Third Ventricle, immediately over the Infundibulum.

PMID- 19981822
TI  - Cholesteatoma in Ponto-cerebellar Angle.

PMID- 19981823
TI  - Report on a Case of Myoclonic Encephalomyelitis of Malarial Origin.

PMID- 19981825
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981824
TI  - The President.

PMID- 19981826
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981827
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981828
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981829
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981830
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981831
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981833
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981832
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981834
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981835
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981836
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981838
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981837
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981839
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981841
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981840
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981842
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981843
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981844
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981845
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981846
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981847
TI  - The Pathology of Utero-placental (Accidental) Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19981849
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981848
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981850
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981852
TI  - Spoon-shaped Depressed Birth Fracture of the Right Frontal Bone treated by
      Elevation.

PMID- 19981851
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981853
TI  - The Surgery of the Uterus Bicornis Unicollis, with a Case of Resection of Uterus
      followed by Two Normal Pregnancies.

PMID- 19981855
TI  - Placenta Praevia, with Vasa Praevia; Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19981854
TI  - Intravesical Repair of Inaccessible Vesico-vaginal Fistulae.

PMID- 19981856
TI  - President's Address: The Female Pelvic Floor.

PMID- 19981857
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981858
TI  - Acute Inversion of the Uterus; Treatment by Blood Transfusion and Late
      Replacement.

PMID- 19981860
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981859
TI  - Pregnancy and Latent Syphilis.

PMID- 19981861
TI  - Latent Syphilis in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19981862
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RUPTURE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION SCAR IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY OR
      LABOUR.

PMID- 19981863
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981864
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981865
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981866
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981868
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981867
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981869
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981871
TI  - (?) Fibrosarcoma removed from the Hollow of the Sacrum (with Report of the
      Pathology Committee).

PMID- 19981870
TI  - The Results of Antisyphilitic Treatment of Pregnant Women and New-born Infants.

PMID- 19981872
TI  - Sodium Bicarbonate Tolerance in the Toxaemias of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19981874
TI  - Case of Concealed Accidental Haemorrhage with Eclampsia.

PMID- 19981873
TI  - The Necessity for the Reduction of Blood-pressure in Eclampsia.

PMID- 19981875
TI  - Further Observations on the AEtiology of Eclampsia and the Pre-eclamptic State.

PMID- 19981876
TI  - The Use of Morphia in Labour.

PMID- 19981877
TI  - Inoperable Uterine Carcinoma treated by the Cold Cautery Method of Percy; a
      Series of Forty-three Cases.

PMID- 19981878
TI  - Extensive Cancer of Cervix; Removal by Vaginal Hysterectomy with the Cautery and
      Ligaments cauterized.

PMID- 19981880
TI  - A Record of Seventy-six Cases of Uterine Fibroids and Chronic Metritis treated by
      X-rays.

PMID- 19981879
TI  - An Unusual Type of Tuberculous Peri-tubal Cyst.

PMID- 19981881
TI  - Two Cases of Sarcoma of the Uterus with Specimens and Microscopical Sections.

PMID- 19981882
TI  - Lipomatosis of the Stroma of a Uterine Fibromyoma.

PMID- 19981883
TI  - Acute Puerperal Salpingo-peritonitis.

PMID- 19981884
TI  - Vascular Change during Uterine Involution: A Study of the Condition of the
      Arteries in a Uterus removed Twenty-four days after Delivery.

PMID- 19981885
TI  - Angioma spontaneously evacuated from the Vagina.

PMID- 19981886
TI  - Case of Carcinoma of the Uterus originating in an Adenomyoma.

PMID- 19981888
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981887
TI  - Two Cases of Sarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19981889
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981891
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981890
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981893
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981892
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981894
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981896
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981895
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY.

PMID- 19981897
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981898
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 19981899
TI  - President's Address: The Importance of Clinical Observation in Dental Surgery.

PMID- 19981901
TI  - Twenty-one Unerupted Teeth in the Mouth of a Woman, aged 49.

PMID- 19981900
TI  - Complete Absence of Deciduous and Permanent Teeth.

PMID- 19981902
TI  - Case of Unerupted Teeth in a Woman, aged 30.

PMID- 19981904
TI  - Some Cases of Hypoplasia of the Deciduous Dentition.

PMID- 19981903
TI  - Case showing the Backward Movement of the Lower Molars.

PMID- 19981905
TI  - Absence of the Permanent Teeth with Normal Absorption of their Deciduous
      Predecessors.

PMID- 19981906
TI  - An Unusual Accident in Dental Practice.

PMID- 19981907
TI  - The Acid Reaction of Certain Materials used in Filling Teeth.

PMID- 19981909
TI  - The Relation of Dental Sepsis to Rheumatism and Allied Conditions.

PMID- 19981908
TI  - An Artificial Velum for Congenital Cleft Palate.

PMID- 19981910
TI  - Case of a Deciduous Molar with an Amalgam Filling lying buried in the Lower Jaw,
      overlapped by the Permanent Teeth.

PMID- 19981912
TI  - Some Clinical Cases associated with Dental Infection.

PMID- 19981911
TI  - Late Results of Bone-grafts.

PMID- 19981914
TI  - The Dental Aspect of the Treatment of Congenital Cleft Palates.

PMID- 19981913
TI  - The Prophylactic Extraction of the Third Molars.

PMID- 19981915
TI  - Introductory Remarks.

PMID- 19981917
TI  - Streptococcal Leptomeningitis in a Child due to Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media;
      Rapid Development of Coma; Radical Mastoid Operation with Translabyrinthine and
      Lumbar Thecal Drainage, with Complete Recovery.

PMID- 19981916
TI  - Ear Syringe with Bayonet Joint and Curved Nozzle.

PMID- 19981918
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19981919
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19981920
TI  - Radiogram of Cerebello-pontine Region in a Case of Suspected Auditory Nerve
      Tumour.

PMID- 19981922
TI  - Chronic Catarrhal Otitis Media: Some Thoughts and Suggestions.

PMID- 19981923
TI  - Tympanic Exostoses.

PMID- 19981921
TI  - Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: Notes of Four Cases.

PMID- 19981925
TI  - Pyorrhoea Alveolaris affecting the Ears.

PMID- 19981924
TI  - Meatal Polypus due to Sinus of the Superficial Bony Meatal Wall.

PMID- 19981926
TI  - Tinnitus associated with a Rhinolith of Unusual Size.

PMID- 19981927
TI  - Gunshot Wound of the Ear: Retention of Bullet for Fifteen Months.

PMID- 19981928
TI  - Foreign Body in Mastoid Antrum.

PMID- 19981930
TI  - Paralysis of Eye Muscles occurring in connexion with Mastoiditis; Recovery.

PMID- 19981929
TI  - Zinc Ionization and Electrolysis in the Treatment of Chronic Otorrhoea.

PMID- 19981931
TI  - Middle-ear Suppuration with Paralysis of the External Rectus Muscle of the same
      side.

PMID- 19981932
TI  - Complete Bilateral Abolition of Acoustic and Vestibular Reactions following
      Cerebro-spinal Fever.

PMID- 19981933
TI  - Epithelioma of Auricle.

PMID- 19981934
TI  - Cirsoid Aneurysm involving the Temporal Bone and Neck.

PMID- 19981935
TI  - Injuries to the Ear in Modern Warfare.

PMID- 19981936
TI  - Demonstration of Pathological Specimens (Septic Meningitis).

PMID- 19981938
TI  - Two Cases of Lateral Sinus Thrombosis without Otorrhoea.

PMID- 19981937
TI  - A Device for Tuning-fork Testing.

PMID- 19981939
TI  - On some Pathological Effects of Exposure to the Gamma-rays of 5 grm. of Radium
      Bromide.

PMID- 19981941
TI  - Anaesthetics in the Plastic Surgery of the Face and Jaws.

PMID- 19981940
TI  - The Psychology of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19981942
TI  - The Importance of an Examination of Patients by the Anaesthetist previous to
      Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19981943
TI  - Explosion of Ether Vapour during Laryngoscopy.

PMID- 19981944
TI  - A New General Anaesthetic: its Theory and Practice.

PMID- 19981945
TI  - President's Address: The Function of the Isolation Hospital in a General Scheme
      of Hospital Provision.

PMID- 19981947
TI  - Some Features of the Small-pox Outbreak in Glasgow, 1920.

PMID- 19981946
TI  - Certain Measures for Preserving the Health of Seamen on Board Ship.

PMID- 19981948
TI  - Collated Experiences of Plague on Shipboard.

PMID- 19981949
TI  - The Epidemiology of Measles in a Rural and Residential Area.

PMID- 19981950
TI  - President's Address: Some Neurological Aspects of Ophthalmic Cases.

PMID- 19981952
TI  - A Direct Record Scotometer.

PMID- 19981951
TI  - Case of Unilateral Leontiasis Ossia with Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19981953
TI  - A Trial Frame with Unilateral Vertical Adjustment for the Correction of
      Hyperphoria.

PMID- 19981955
TI  - Implantation Cyst of Iris.

PMID- 19981954
TI  - Case of Leprosy affecting the Conjunctiva and Cornea.

PMID- 19981956
TI  - Persistent Pupillary Membrane with Opaque Nerve Fibres in both Eyes.

PMID- 19981957
TI  - Implantation Cyst of Iris.

PMID- 19981958
TI  - Foreign Body retained in the Eye for Many Years.

PMID- 19981959
TI  - A Case showing Discs with Large Intramarginal Cups without, as yet, any Definite
      Symptom of Glaucoma.

PMID- 19981960
TI  - Case of Coloboma of the Macula.

PMID- 19981961
TI  - Coloboma confined to Optic Disc.

PMID- 19981962
TI  - Demonstration of Instruments enabling a Class to Examine the Fundus of the Eye
      and to take Photographs of the Interior of the Eye.

PMID- 19981963
TI  - Description of New Perimeter.

PMID- 19981965
TI  - Variations in the Size of the Physiological Cup and their relation to Glaucoma.

PMID- 19981964
TI  - The Clinical Significance of Deep Tension of the Eye in its bearing on Glaucoma,
      as Illustrated by Rubber Balloons.

PMID- 19981966
TI  - Commotio Retinae with Extreme OEdema.

PMID- 19981968
TI  - Rare Condition of Optic Disc (?) Coloboma.

PMID- 19981967
TI  - Artificial Eye and Lids attached to a Spectacle Frame.

PMID- 19981969
TI  - A New Form of Scotometer.

PMID- 19981970
TI  - Illuminated Needle-holder with Corneal Loop attached.

PMID- 19981971
TI  - Scotometry.

PMID- 19981972
TI  - On Late Infection after Sclerostomy.

PMID- 19981973
TI  - Case of Extreme Choroidal Atrophy in High Myopia, shown by Mr. Rayner Batten's
      Hydrophthalmoscope.

PMID- 19981974
TI  - Lacrymal Obstruction: The Results of the Anastomotic Method of Treatment (Toti).

PMID- 19981975
TI  - The Use of the Hydrophthalmoscope in the Examination of Cases of High Myopia.

PMID- 19981976
TI  - A Specimen of Congenital Aphakia occurring in a Human Embryo of Five to Six
      Weeks.

PMID- 19981977
TI  - A Reading and Writing Desk for Myopes and those predisposed to Myopia.

PMID- 19981978
TI  - A Lid-lifting Speculum.

PMID- 19981979
TI  - Primary (Acute) Macular Disease.

PMID- 19981980
TI  - On the Intra-ocular Blood-vessels of the Ox.

PMID- 19981981
TI  - Cyst of Moll's Gland of Unusual size.

PMID- 19981982
TI  - Unusual Condition of Iris.

PMID- 19981983
TI  - Plexiform Neuroma.

PMID- 19981984
TI  - Evulsion of Optic Nerve.

PMID- 19981985
TI  - President's Address: Some Aspects of Mental Hygiene.

PMID- 19981986
TI  - Moral Imbecility.

PMID- 19981987
TI  - The Microscopical Examination of the Choroid Plexus in General Paralysis of the
      Insane, and other forms of Mental Disease.

PMID- 19981988
TI  - Case of Severe Anaemia.

PMID- 19981989
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF THE RHEUMATIC CHILD.

PMID- 19981990
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF THE RHEUMATIC CHILD.

PMID- 19981991
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF THE RHEUMATIC CHILD.

PMID- 19981992
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF THE RHEUMATIC CHILD.

PMID- 19981993
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF THE RHEUMATIC CHILD.

PMID- 19981994
TI  - Cataracts in a Mongolian Idiot.

PMID- 19981995
TI  - Fracture of the Pelvis with Dislocation.

PMID- 19981997
TI  - Overgrowth of Hair on part of the Scalp.

PMID- 19981999
TI  - Rhythmical Involuntary Movements.

PMID- 19981996
TI  - Defective Development of certain Neck Muscles.

PMID- 19981998
TI  - Cirrhosis of Liver.

PMID- 19982000
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982001
TI  - Two Cases of Diabetes Mellitus of an Unusual Type.

PMID- 19982002
TI  - Recurrent Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19982004
TI  - Case of OEsophageal Obstruction in a Girl, aged 4(1/2) years.

PMID- 19982003
TI  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19982005
TI  - Malformation of Face, Ear, Eye, and Hand.

PMID- 19982007
TI  - Lesion of the Crus Cerebri in a Girl, aged 7 years.

PMID- 19982006
TI  - Two Cases: (1) Oxycephaly and (2) Acrocephaly, with other Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19982008
TI  - Case of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19982009
TI  - Case of (?) Idiopathic Dilatation of the Colon.

PMID- 19982010
TI  - Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19982011
TI  - Case of Obesity.

PMID- 19982012
TI  - Transposition of Viscera with Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19982013
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia and Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19982014
TI  - Infantilism with marked Increase of Subcutaneous Fat.

PMID- 19982015
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982016
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982017
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982018
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982020
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982019
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982021
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982022
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982023
TI  - Congenital Deficiency of the Subcutaneous Fibrous Tissue associated with Nodules
      due to Dilated Arterioles.

PMID- 19982024
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982025
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982026
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982027
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982029
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982028
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982031
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982030
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19982032
TI  - A Condition somewhat resembling Lupus Pernio in a Child.

PMID- 19982033
TI  - Case of Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19982034
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982035
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease without Bruit.

PMID- 19982036
TI  - Case of Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19982037
TI  - The Diagnosis of a Case of Renal Calculus in a Child.

PMID- 19982038
TI  - Case of Symmetrical Gangrene (? Raynaud's).

PMID- 19982039
TI  - Tumour of the External Ear.

PMID- 19982040
TI  - Case of Cirrhosis of Liver with Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19982042
TI  - Report of the Government Bacteriologist, British Guiana (F. G. Rose M.B.), to the
      Tropical Diseases Research Fund Committee for the period January, 1919, to March,
      1920.

PMID- 19982041
TI  - Case of (?) Cerebro-spinal Meningitis.

PMID- 19982043
TI  - Demonstration of the Technique of the Intravenous Injection of Antimony Tartrate
      in Bilharzia Disease.

PMID- 19982044
TI  - Leishmania Donovani, in Cultures, recovered from Spleen during Life and from the
      Bone Marrow of the Cadaver.

PMID- 19982045
TI  - Tumours of Gut Wall (due to Galoncus perniciosus) showing Relation of Helminth
      Infection to Bacterial Invasion of the Tissues.

PMID- 19982046
TI  - On the Occurrence of the Eggs of Mites in the Faeces of Miners in Cornwall and
      their Subsequent Development on Culture Media.

PMID- 19982047
TI  - On some Developmental Stages of Ancylostoma ceylanicum Looss, 1911.

PMID- 19982048
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19982050
TI  - Laboratory Observations on Pensioners who contracted Malaria in the Late War.

PMID- 19982049
TI  - The Value of Laboratory Reports on Stools in Cases of Suspected Amoebic
      Dysentery, and their Interpretation by the Clinician; with a Special Note on the
      Diagnostic Significance of Charcot-Leyden Crystals.

PMID- 19982051
TI  - Observations bearing on the Reliability of the Large Mononuclear Leucocyte Count
      as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Malaria.

PMID- 19982052
TI  - The Ankylostomiasis Campaign in Egypt, 1913 to 1915.

PMID- 19982053
TI  - President's Address: Modern Progress in Urinary Surgery.

PMID- 19982054
TI  - The Treatment of Subacute Nephritis by Kidney Decapsulation, with an Account of
      Four Cases of Nephritis in which Decapsulation was Undertaken.

PMID- 19982056
TI  - Unilateral Haemorrhagic Interstitial Nephritis with slight Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19982055
TI  - On Transperitoneal Nephropexy.

PMID- 19982057
TI  - Haemato-nephrosis due to Papilloma of the Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19982058
TI  - Four Cases of Growths of the Ureter.

PMID- 19982059
TI  - Two Cases of Papilloma of the Kidney.

PMID- 19982060
TI  - Case of Angeioma of Kidney.

PMID- 19982061
TI  - Double Ureter; Hydronephrosis of one part of a Double Kidney.

PMID- 19982062
TI  - Angioma of Kidney.

PMID- 19982063
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of the Kidney.

PMID- 19982064
TI  - Specimen from Case of Carcinoma of the Ureter, secondary to Carcinoma of a
      Congenital Hydronephrotic Kidney.

PMID- 19982066
TI  - The Treatment of some Cases of Congenital Deformities of the Lower Urinary Tract,
      with a Study of their Anatomy and Origin.

PMID- 19982065
TI  - The Prevention of Urinary Obstruction after Prostatectomy.

PMID- 19982067
TI  - DISCUSSION ON UNUSUAL CASES OF GUNSHOT INJURY OF BLOOD-VESSELS.

PMID- 19982069
TI  - Case of Dislocation of the Hip and other Deformities.

PMID- 19982068
TI  - General Considerations (the Fate of Silk, Nerve Regeneration, Internal Scars)
      from a Surgical Backwater.

PMID- 19982070
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982071
TI  - Ununited Fracture of the Middle Phalanx.

PMID- 19982072
TI  - Case of Still's Disease.

PMID- 19982073
TI  - Trigger Thumb.

PMID- 19982074
TI  - Demonstration on the Actions and Electrical Treatment of the Intrinsic Muscles of
      the Foot.

PMID- 19982075
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT OR HABITUAL DISLOCATIONS.

PMID- 19982076
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT OR HABITUAL DISLOCATIONS.

PMID- 19982077
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT OR HABITUAL DISLOCATIONS.

PMID- 19982078
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT OR HABITUAL DISLOCATIONS.

PMID- 19982079
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF PATELLA.

PMID- 19982080
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT OR HABITUAL DISLOCATIONS.

PMID- 19982081
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF PATELLA.

PMID- 19982082
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF PATELLA.

PMID- 19982083
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF PATELLA.

PMID- 19982084
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF PATELLA.

PMID- 19982085
TI  - Three Cases of Fistula treated by Excision and Primary Suture.

PMID- 19982086
TI  - Results of an Experimental and Histological Investigation into Seventy-five Cases
      of Rectal Fistulae.

PMID- 19982087
TI  - The Three-stage Abdomino-perineal Excision of the Rectum for Cancer.

PMID- 19982088
TI  - Case of Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19982089
TI  - Case of Bilateral Radio-ulnar Synostosis associated with Bilateral Congenital
      Dislocation of Hips.

PMID- 19982090
TI  - Case of Multiple cartilaginous Exostoses associated with Congenital Dislocation
      of Hip.

PMID- 19982091
TI  - Case of Finger Injury.

PMID- 19982092
TI  - Case of Chronic Arthritis of the Knee in a Syphilitic Boy.

PMID- 19982093
TI  - Case of Osteitis Deformans of Left Tibia.

PMID- 19982094
TI  - Amputation at the Hip-joint by a Posterior Flap.

PMID- 19982095
TI  - Case of Haematocele of the Knee-joint.

PMID- 19982096
TI  - Case of Tuberculous Dactylitis.

PMID- 19982097
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982098
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982099
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982100
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982101
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982102
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982103
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982104
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982105
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982106
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19982107
TI  - (I) Abscess and Sinus over the Lower Part of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19982108
TI  - (I) Abscess and Sinus over the Lower Part of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19982111
TI  - (I) Abscess and Sinus over the Lower Part of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19982109
TI  - (I) Abscess and Sinus over the Lower Part of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19982112
TI  - (I) Abscess and Sinus over the Lower Part of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19982113
TI  - (I) Abscess and Sinus over the Lower Part of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19982114
TI  - (II) Adenomyoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19982115
TI  - Cardiac Massage.

PMID- 19982116
TI  - Case of Brittle Bones in a Young Man, aged 20.

PMID- 19982118
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BONE-GRAFTING.

PMID- 19982117
TI  - Muscular Dystrophy in a Boy aged 7 years 9 Months.

PMID- 19982119
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BONE-GRAFTING.

PMID- 19982120
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BONE-GRAFTING.

PMID- 19982121
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BONE-GRAFTING.

PMID- 19982122
TI  - Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19982123
TI  - Further Report of Case of Bilateral Congenital Elevation of Scapula.

PMID- 19982124
TI  - Deformities associated with Chronic Nephritis.

PMID- 19982125
TI  - Pseudo-coxalgie.

PMID- 19982126
TI  - Multiple Congenital Dislocations.

PMID- 19982127
TI  - Discussion on Mr. H. A. T. Fairbank's Case of Deformities associated with Chronic
      Nephritis.

PMID- 19982128
TI  - Further Report on a Case of Cyst of the Head of the Tibia.

PMID- 19982129
TI  - Case of Paralytic Subluxation of Hip with Paralysis of Adductors.

PMID- 19982130
TI  - Internal Derangement of the Right Knee-joint in a Boy, aged 8.

PMID- 19982131
TI  - Catalogue of Exhibits.

PMID- 19982132
TI  - Cysts and Ducts in relation to Cancer and Papillomata of the Breast.

PMID- 19982133
TI  - Late Case of Birth Palsy.

PMID- 19982134
TI  - Case of Deformity about the Shoulder-joint.

PMID- 19982135
TI  - Fracture of Right Semilunar Bone.

PMID- 19982136
TI  - Charcot's Disease of the Spine.

PMID- 19982137
TI  - Case of Fibrous Union of Femur.

PMID- 19982138
TI  - DISCUSSION ON UNUSUAL CASES OF GUNSHOT INJURY OF BLOOD-VESSELS.

PMID- 19982139
TI  - Case of Flail Shoulder.

PMID- 19982140
TI  - Case of Bilateral Snapping Hip with Functional Varus.

PMID- 19982141
TI  - Suture of the Ulnar Nerve in a Girl, aged 10.

PMID- 19982142
TI  - Case of Subluxation of Right Hip-joint, following Trauma.

PMID- 19982143
TI  - President's Address: How soon should Colostomy be performed in cases of Cancer of
      the Rectum which are Inoperable?

PMID- 19982144
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Prolapse (Procidentia) of the Rectum in Adults.

PMID- 19982145
TI  - Case of Abdomino-perineal Excision (1912) followed by Ovariotomy (1920).

PMID- 19982146
TI  - Case of Colostomy and Perineal Excision for Carcinoma Recti.

PMID- 19982147
TI  - Case of Perineal Excision for Carcinoma of Rectum and Anal Canal, with Malignant
      Glands of Right Inguinal Region.

PMID- 19982148
TI  - Fibrous Tumour from the Peritoneal Cavity of a Man, aged 65.

PMID- 19982149
TI  - Case of Ulceration of the Rectum.

PMID- 19982150
TI  - Section from a Tumour of the Rectum.

PMID- 19982151
TI  - Demonstration of Cases and Radiographs illustrating the Technique employed and
      Results obtained in the Repair of Fractured Mandible by means of the Free
      Autogenous Bone-graft.

PMID- 19982152
TI  - Meckel's Diverticulum as a Cause of Intestinal Obstruction.

PMID- 19982153
TI  - On a Further Series of 500 Goitre Operations, with Special Reference to After
      results.

PMID- 19982155
TI  - The Significance of the Jaw-neck Syndrome in the Rheumatic Group of Diseases.

PMID- 19982154
TI  - President's Address Functional Results of Successfully Reduced Congenital
      Dislocation of the Hip.

PMID- 19982156
TI  - The Oral Administration of Pituitary Extract.

PMID- 19982157
TI  - The Influence of the Electric Current on the Absorption of Drugs.

PMID- 19982158
TI  - The Use of Pituitrin by Mouth in certain Cases of Uterine Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19982159
TI  - The Vitamin Content of certain Sun-dried Vegetables.

PMID- 19982160
TI  - Kaolin in the Treatment of Asiatic Cholera: its Action and Uses.

PMID- 19982161
TI  - The Vaccine Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19982162
TI  - Pituitrin-like Body in the Cerebro-spinal Fluid.

PMID- 19982163
TI  - President's Address: Recent Tendencies in Chemotherapy.

PMID- 19982164
TI  - The Medical Requirements for Air Navigation.

PMID- 19982165
TI  - Malaria Problems Pertinent to Prevention.

PMID- 19982166
TI  - The Best Form of Instruction for Medical Students to fit them to take their part
      in Case of National Emergency.

PMID- 19982167
TI  - The Biology of Epidemic Influenza, illustrated by Naval Experience.

PMID- 19982168
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PLACE OF BATHS AND HEALTH RESORTS IN GYNAECOLOGY.

PMID- 19982169
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PLACE OF BATHS AND HEALTH RESORTS IN GYNAECOLOGY.

PMID- 19982171
TI  - President's Address: A Retrospect of Seaside Practice after the Experience of
      nearly a Quarter of a Century: (Abstracted and Condensed).

PMID- 19982170
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PLACE OF BATHS AND HEALTH RESORTS IN GYNAECOLOGY.

PMID- 19982172
TI  - The Relation of Atmospheric Electrical Variations to the Incidence of Fits in
      Epileptics.

PMID- 19982173
TI  - Case of Renal Dwarfism with Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19982174
TI  - Case of Injury of Pituitary Gland.

PMID- 19982175
TI  - Case of Exomphalos closed by Operation, and a Specimen of a similar Case in which
      Closure was impossible.

PMID- 19982176
TI  - Case of Ectopia Vesicae.

PMID- 19982177
TI  - Periosteal Sarcoma of the Temporal Bone treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19982178
TI  - Tumour of the Lower Jaw, probably Epithelial Odontome.

PMID- 19982179
TI  - Involuntary Movements following a Mild Attack of Encephalitis Lethargica, after a
      Latent Period of Six Months.

PMID- 19982181
TI  - Two Cases of Acholuric Familial Jaundice.

PMID- 19982180
TI  - Case of Plexiform Neuroma.

PMID- 19982182
TI  - Two Cases of Epithelioma of Wrist.

PMID- 19982183
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease in a Young Male, with Long History and Absence of
      Constitutional Symptoms; Failure of Surgical and X-ray Treatment; Proposed
      Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19982184
TI  - Addison's Disease, with Severe Anaemia, treated by Suprarenal Grafting.

PMID- 19982185
TI  - Two Cases of Pulmonary Disease presenting Difficulty in Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982187
TI  - Syphilitic Ulcer of the Tongue in a Child.

PMID- 19982186
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recovery after being Bedridden for Four and Half Years.

PMID- 19982188
TI  - Case of Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Cord with Achlorhydria.

PMID- 19982190
TI  - Auricular Fibrillation.

PMID- 19982189
TI  - Case illustrating the Advantages of Cholecystectomy over Cholecystostomy.

PMID- 19982191
TI  - Case of Spondylitis Deformans and Osteo-arthritis of both Hip-joints.

PMID- 19982192
TI  - Case of Tumour of the Mandible.

PMID- 19982193
TI  - Case of Posterior Rhizotomy for Gastric Crises.

PMID- 19982195
TI  - Case of Erythraemia (Vaquez-Osler Disease).

PMID- 19982194
TI  - Extensive Lupus of the Upper Air Passages, showing the Benefits of Treatment by
      the Galvano-cautery and a Low Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19982196
TI  - Case of Elephantiasis exhibited Eleven Months after Treatment by Kondoleon's
      Operation.

PMID- 19982197
TI  - Case of von Recklinghausen's Disease, associated with Secondary Anaemia.

PMID- 19982198
TI  - Case of Recurring Thyroiditis without other Disturbances.

PMID- 19982199
TI  - Case of Tumour of Femur for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982200
TI  - Radiograms of Case of Sarcoma of Femur.

PMID- 19982201
TI  - Case of Enlarged Liver.

PMID- 19982202
TI  - Case of Cirsoid Aneurysm of the Foot.

PMID- 19982203
TI  - Case of Dysostosis Cleido-cranio- (digitalis).

PMID- 19982204
TI  - Case of Adolescent Coxa Vara after Correction of Deformity.

PMID- 19982206
TI  - Case of Adiposis Dolorosa.

PMID- 19982205
TI  - Case of Partial Pyloric Stenosis (Hypertrophic); Finney's Operation.

PMID- 19982208
TI  - Three Cases of Cirsoid Aneurysm.

PMID- 19982207
TI  - Two Sisters with Gouty Nodules.

PMID- 19982209
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982210
TI  - Some Cases of Psoriasis treated by Danysz's Method.

PMID- 19982211
TI  - Case of Guttate Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19982212
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982213
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982214
TI  - Case of Cheilitis.

PMID- 19982215
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19982216
TI  - Case of Lichen Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19982217
TI  - A Resistant Case of Secondary Syphilis.

PMID- 19982218
TI  - Case of Morphoea Guttata.

PMID- 19982219
TI  - Case of Multiple Naevi.

PMID- 19982221
TI  - Naevo-xantho-endothelioma (?) with Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19982220
TI  - Rodent Ulcer: Superficial Cicatrizing Type.

PMID- 19982222
TI  - Case of Eczema associated with Asthma.

PMID- 19982223
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia (Sclerodactyly Type).

PMID- 19982224
TI  - Sporotrichosis (with Cultures).

PMID- 19982225
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982226
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982227
TI  - Pemphigus Foliaceus.

PMID- 19982228
TI  - Case of Lichen Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19982229
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19982231
TI  - Parakeratosis Variegata.

PMID- 19982230
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982232
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982234
TI  - An Unusual Case of Multiform Dermatitis Factitia.

PMID- 19982233
TI  - Cases of (1) Arsenical Jaundice, (2) Arsenical Dermatitis, showing the Results of
      a Special Treatment.

PMID- 19982235
TI  - Case for Diagnosis, previously exhibited (? Dermatitis Artefacta) showing Result
      of Treatment.

PMID- 19982236
TI  - Case of Unilateral Morphoeo-sclerodermia Faciei.

PMID- 19982237
TI  - Psoriasis in an Infant.

PMID- 19982238
TI  - Band Sclerodermia of Leg in a Young Woman (showing Result of Treatment).

PMID- 19982239
TI  - Epithelioma on Lupus Vulgaris in a Man.

PMID- 19982240
TI  - Recklinghausen's Disease with Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19982242
TI  - Lichenoid Linear Naevus.

PMID- 19982241
TI  - Ringworm of the Nails of the Hands.

PMID- 19982243
TI  - Case of Grouped Comedones.

PMID- 19982244
TI  - Case of Spurious Diphtheria of the Skin.

PMID- 19982245
TI  - Lymphadenoma Cutis.

PMID- 19982247
TI  - Three Cases of Multiple Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19982246
TI  - Hydroa AEstivale.

PMID- 19982248
TI  - Case of the Pre-tumour Stage of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19982249
TI  - Case of Sarcoid.

PMID- 19982250
TI  - Des Epitheliomes Primitifs de la Peau : (Abstract).

PMID- 19982252
TI  - Plasma-cell Tumour of Lip.

PMID- 19982251
TI  - A Stained Section from a Case of Kerato-epithelioma Scroti.

PMID- 19982253
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982254
TI  - Case of ? Erythromelalgia.

PMID- 19982255
TI  - Case of Fox-Fordyce Disease.

PMID- 19982257
TI  - Case of ? Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19982256
TI  - Melanosis Cutis, with Melanotic Carcinoma.

PMID- 19982258
TI  - Rodent Ulcer of Unusual Type (Mixed Follicular Rodent and Superficial
      Epithelioma).

PMID- 19982260
TI  - Case of Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19982259
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19982262
TI  - Bullous Icthyosis.

PMID- 19982261
TI  - Case of Nodular Leprosy.

PMID- 19982263
TI  - Case of Leprosy.

PMID- 19982264
TI  - The Rationale of the Wassermann Reaction: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982265
TI  - Case of Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19982267
TI  - Case of Recurring Stomatitis.

PMID- 19982266
TI  - Case of Tar Acne.

PMID- 19982268
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982269
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982270
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982271
TI  - Epithelioma of Cheek.

PMID- 19982272
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis of the Skin following a Cat Bite.

PMID- 19982273
TI  - President's Address: The Importance of Physics, Anatomy and Physiology, for the
      Practice and Progress of Electricity and Radiology.

PMID- 19982275
TI  - The Radiation of the True Pelvis with the help of Drainage Tubes.

PMID- 19982274
TI  - Histological Pictures representing the Cure of Uterine Baso-cellular Epithelioma:
      (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982276
TI  - Electro-therapy in Gynaecology.

PMID- 19982277
TI  - Radiology and Physics: The Mackenzie Davidson Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 19982278
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES PRODUCED IN SUBJECTS RENDERED UNCONSCIOUS
      BY ELECTRIC SHOCK.

PMID- 19982279
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES PRODUCED IN SUBJECTS RENDERED UNCONSCIOUS
      BY ELECTRIC SHOCK.

PMID- 19982280
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES PRODUCED IN SUBJECTS RENDERED UNCONSCIOUS
      BY ELECTRIC SHOCK.

PMID- 19982281
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES PRODUCED IN SUBJECTS RENDERED UNCONSCIOUS
      BY ELECTRIC SHOCK.

PMID- 19982283
TI  - Experiences with the Potter-Bucky Diaphragm.

PMID- 19982282
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES PRODUCED IN SUBJECTS RENDERED UNCONSCIOUS
      BY ELECTRIC SHOCK.

PMID- 19982284
TI  - Syphilis of the Stomach.

PMID- 19982285
TI  - The Treatment of Diabetes and Gout by Disintoxication.

PMID- 19982286
TI  - Intrinsic Epithelioma of the Larynx, shown before Operation.

PMID- 19982287
TI  - Case of Sarcoma of the Cheek and Maxilla, with Diffuse Secondary Growths.

PMID- 19982288
TI  - Foreign Body (Piece of Wire) removed from Right Arytaenoid Cartilage by Indirect
      Method.

PMID- 19982289
TI  - Tumour of the Malar Recess and Floor of the Orbit.

PMID- 19982290
TI  - Case of (?) Arrest of Development of Trachea.

PMID- 19982292
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Web.

PMID- 19982291
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982294
TI  - Mucocele of the Left Frontal Sinus; Report of a Case and Demonstration by
      Photographs.

PMID- 19982293
TI  - Carcinoma of the OEsophagus perforating into the Trachea at the Bifurcation;
      Report of a Case and Demonstration of Specimen.

PMID- 19982295
TI  - Laryngeal Tumour for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982297
TI  - Microscopic Specimens from Three Cases of Bleeding Polypus (Discrete Angioma) of
      the Nasal Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19982296
TI  - Laryngo-fissure for Early Epithelioma of the Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19982298
TI  - Case of Palato-labial Dysarthria.

PMID- 19982300
TI  - Case of Dysphagia occurring in a Male Subject of Hemiplegia; Inflammation of
      Submaxillary Salivary Gland; Calculus in Wharton's Duct.

PMID- 19982299
TI  - Case of Dysphonia approaching Aphonia, simulating Laryngeal Tuberculosis;
      probably Mucous Patches on Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19982302
TI  - Sarcoma of Ethmoid and Antrum.

PMID- 19982301
TI  - Endothelioma of the Larynx, with Pathological Report on Sections of the Tumour.

PMID- 19982303
TI  - Papilloma of Cheek and Palate treated by Diathermic Cauterization.

PMID- 19982305
TI  - Suction Apparatus for use in Nose and Throat Operations: Demonstration.

PMID- 19982304
TI  - Double Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19982306
TI  - Specimen of Cyst of Tonsil.

PMID- 19982307
TI  - Sarcoma of Lower Pharynx treated by X-rays: Disappearance of the Growth.

PMID- 19982308
TI  - Operations for the Removal of Tonsils and Adenoids: Resolution by the Council of
      the Section.

PMID- 19982309
TI  - Two Specimens of Advanced Intrinsic Epithelioma of Larynx obtained by Complete
      Laryngectomy.

PMID- 19982310
TI  - Epithelioma of the Left Vocal Cord removed by Thyrotomy nearly a Year Ago.

PMID- 19982311
TI  - Case of Carcinoma (Spheroidal-celled) of Right Antrum removed by Operation.

PMID- 19982313
TI  - Case of Double Myxo-sarcoma of the Face.

PMID- 19982312
TI  - Endothelioma of Right Antrum, Ethmoids, Sphenoid, &c.

PMID- 19982315
TI  - Spindle-celled Sarcoma of the Left Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19982314
TI  - Rodent Ulcer involving Orbit, Maxilla and Antrum.

PMID- 19982316
TI  - Case of Tumour of Doubtful Nature removed from Right Ethmoidal Region.

PMID- 19982317
TI  - Endothelioma of Maxilla and Antrum.

PMID- 19982318
TI  - Carcinoma of Nasal Fossa and Antrum.

PMID- 19982320
TI  - Epithelioma of Ethmoidal Region Five Years after Operation.

PMID- 19982319
TI  - Spheroidal-celled Carcinoma of Nasal Fossa and Antrum.

PMID- 19982321
TI  - Ineradicable Endothelioma of the Superior Maxilla (Antrum) under Treatment by
      Diathermy.

PMID- 19982322
TI  - Carcinoma of Left Ethmoid Region.

PMID- 19982323
TI  - Papillary Columnar-celled Carcinoma of Right Antrum and Ethmoid.

PMID- 19982324
TI  - Squamous and Prickle-celled Carcinoma of Hard Palate and Right Antrum.

PMID- 19982326
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982325
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982328
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982327
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982329
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982330
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982331
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982332
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982333
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982334
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982335
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982336
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982337
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982338
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982339
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982340
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982341
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GROWTHS OF THE NASAL ACCESSORY SINUSES.

PMID- 19982342
TI  - Papilloma of the Right Laryngeal Ventricle, with Blood Cyst of Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19982343
TI  - Papillomata of Larynx.

PMID- 19982344
TI  - Intrinsic Epithelioma of the Larynx shown after Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19982345
TI  - A Rare Bony Tumour (Compact Osteoma) of the Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19982346
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Soft Palate; Removal by Simple Excision; Preliminary
      Ligature of the External Carotid Artery.

PMID- 19982347
TI  - Foreign Body in the Nose; Two Cases of Impaction of Bickerton's Style in the
      Nasal Fossa.

PMID- 19982348
TI  - Endo-laryngeal Mirror.

PMID- 19982349
TI  - Endo-bronchial Mirror.

PMID- 19982350
TI  - Carcinoma of the Maxillary Antrum; Moure's Operation of Lateral Rhinotomy;
      Recurrence; Death.

PMID- 19982351
TI  - Sarcoma (small-celled) of the Right Maxillary Antrum; Moure's Operation of
      Lateral Rhinotomy (Sept., 1916); Recurrence, Pre-aural Gland (March, 1917);
      Margin of Orbit, Right Inner Canthus (July, 1918); Right Breast and Axilla (Aug.,
      1919); Growth dispersed by Radium.

PMID- 19982352
TI  - Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Operation (July 14, 1916): No Recurrence (1922).

PMID- 19982353
TI  - Removal of a Fibroma of the Larynx by Mackenzie Forceps and Nasal Snare.

PMID- 19982354
TI  - Three Post-mortem Specimens of Acute Septic OEdema of the Larynx.

PMID- 19982355
TI  - Carcinoma of Deep Pharynx removed by Lateral Pharyngotomy.

PMID- 19982356
TI  - Double Abductor Paralysis due to Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19982357
TI  - Case of Nasopharyngeal Fibroma involving the Left Maxillary Antrum and side of
      the Nose; Removal by Moure's Lateral Rhinotomy.

PMID- 19982358
TI  - Model showing the Mode in which the Sacculus Ventriculus Laryngis might be
      everted by the Negative Pressure caused by Coughing.

PMID- 19982359
TI  - Case of Papilloma (shown at the December Meeting).

PMID- 19982360
TI  - Solitary Papilloma of the Left Vocal Cord, showing early Carcinomatous
      Transformation.

PMID- 19982361
TI  - Foreign Body (Toothplate) in the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19982363
TI  - Portion of Left Styloid Process.

PMID- 19982362
TI  - Demonstration of Apparatus for Olfactory Tests.

PMID- 19982365
TI  - Instrument for Electrolysis of Tonsils requiring Removal.

PMID- 19982364
TI  - Epidiascopic Demonstration of a Method of Transillumination of the Tonsil in
      situ.

PMID- 19982366
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982368
TI  - Epithelioma of Palate removed by the Knife; Recurrence in Palate and Lateral Wall
      of Pharynx excised by the Diathermic Cautery.

PMID- 19982367
TI  - Epithelioma of Soft Palate and Tonsil, removed with the Diathermic Cautery.

PMID- 19982369
TI  - Epithelioma of Palate, Tonsil, Tongue and Floor of Mouth, removed in One Piece
      with the Diathermic Cautery.

PMID- 19982370
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of the Right Half of the Fauces treated by Diathermy (with
      Section).

PMID- 19982371
TI  - Case of Tuberculous Ulceration of the Gum of the Lower Jaw, of the Tip of the
      Tongue and, previously, of the Sublingual Tissues.

PMID- 19982372
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis of the Larynx treated mainly by Transnasal Inhalations into
      the Larynx.

PMID- 19982374
TI  - Accessory Thyroid growing in the OEsophageal Lumen.

PMID- 19982373
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve due to Pressure of Mediastinal
      Glands.

PMID- 19982375
TI  - Case illustrating very Rapid Advance of Laryngeal Cancer.

PMID- 19982376
TI  - Former Paralysis of the Left Recurrent Nerve; Tracheal Tugging; Suspected
      Aneurysm.

PMID- 19982377
TI  - Epidiascopic Demonstration of Photographs illustrating the Repair of Nasal
      Deformity caused by Syphilis.

PMID- 19982378
TI  - FURTHER REPORTS ON CASES EXHIBITED BEFORE THE SECTION AT PREVIOUS MEETINGS,
      SESSION 1921-1922.

PMID- 19982379
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982380
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982381
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982382
TI  - Abnormalities of Secretion in the Upper Alimentary Tract: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982383
TI  - A Practical and Accurate Method of estimating Diuresis.

PMID- 19982384
TI  - SUPPLEMENT TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER : The Morbid
      Anatomy and Histology of Gastric Ulcer, with Special Reference to its
      Relationship to Cancer of the Stomach.

PMID- 19982385
TI  - SUPPLEMENT TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982386
TI  - SUPPLEMENT TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982387
TI  - SUPPLEMENT TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982389
TI  - SUPPLEMENT TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982388
TI  - SUPPLEMENT TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982390
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982392
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982391
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982393
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982394
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982395
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.

PMID- 19982396
TI  - President's Address: Some Observations on Epilepsy.

PMID- 19982397
TI  - Persistent Pain in Lesions of the Peripheral and Central Nervous System.

PMID- 19982398
TI  - On Persistent Pain.

PMID- 19982399
TI  - Microscopic Examination of the Brain in Cases of "Surgical Shock".

PMID- 19982400
TI  - Decerebrate Rigidity in Animals and its Recognition in Man.

PMID- 19982401
TI  - Decerebrate Rigidity in Animals and Spasticity in Man.

PMID- 19982402
TI  - Green Exudate on the Back of the Pregnant Uterus.

PMID- 19982403
TI  - Case of Squamous-celled Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri associated with a Nodule of
      Spheroidal-celled Carcinoma in the Body.

PMID- 19982404
TI  - An Unusual Case of Ectopic Gestation.

PMID- 19982405
TI  - Carcinoma of the Cervix in a Virgin, aged 24.

PMID- 19982406
TI  - Eclampsia and its Incidence: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982408
TI  - Tubal Lithopaedion.

PMID- 19982407
TI  - Salpingotomy versus Salpingectomy in the Treatment of Tubal Gestation.

PMID- 19982410
TI  - Case of General Vascular Carcinoma.

PMID- 19982409
TI  - Cancer of Cervix associated with Sarcoma of Omentum.

PMID- 19982411
TI  - Hyperthyroidism in Functional Menorrhagia.

PMID- 19982412
TI  - Case of Haematoma of the Vulva following Labour.

PMID- 19982413
TI  - Glycosuria in Pregnancy: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982414
TI  - A Wandering Silk Suture removed from the Urethra as a Sequel to Caesarean
      Section.

PMID- 19982415
TI  - Adenomyoma of the Recto-vaginal Septum showing Decidual Reaction.

PMID- 19982416
TI  - Sterility with Reference to the State.

PMID- 19982418
TI  - Case of Prolonged Gestation.

PMID- 19982417
TI  - Extension of Carcinoma of the Cervix to the Vagina: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982419
TI  - Treatment of Uterine Fibroids.

PMID- 19982420
TI  - Chemical Observations on the Toxaemias of Pregnancy: (A REPORT TO THE MEDICAL
      RESEARCH COUNCIL.).

PMID- 19982421
TI  - Endometritis Decidualis Polyposa vel Tuberosa.

PMID- 19982422
TI  - A Specimen of a Bleeding Uterus.

PMID- 19982424
TI  - Specimen consisting of a Uterus showing a Double Ruptured Interstitial Ectopic
      Gestation.

PMID- 19982423
TI  - Description of an Operation for Radiation of Iliac Glands and Deep Tissues in
      Cases of Carcinoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19982425
TI  - Surgical Shock.

PMID- 19982426
TI  - An American Gold Button Contraceptor.

PMID- 19982427
TI  - Cystic Adenomyoma of Uterus.

PMID- 19982429
TI  - Carcinoma of the Cervix following Gonorrhoea in a Young Woman.

PMID- 19982428
TI  - Labour obstructed by a Solid Carcinomatous Tumour of the Left Ovary; Caesarean
      Hysterectomy, with Removal of the Tumour.

PMID- 19982430
TI  - Conservative Labour-induction.

PMID- 19982431
TI  - The Essential Buttress of Practical Training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

PMID- 19982432
TI  - The Treatment of Pulpless Teeth.

PMID- 19982434
TI  - The Endocrine Factor in the Production of Immunity and Susceptibility of the
      Teeth to Caries.

PMID- 19982433
TI  - Some Points in the Growth of the Face.

PMID- 19982435
TI  - Causes, due to Vulcanite, of the Misfit of Dentures, and Some Remedies.

PMID- 19982437
TI  - A Maori Skull of Dental Interest.

PMID- 19982436
TI  - Mandibular Sarcoma in an Infant.

PMID- 19982438
TI  - A Mandible from a Bronze Age Barrow at Portland, Dorset.

PMID- 19982439
TI  - A Note on the Treatment of Haemorrhage after Tooth Extraction.

PMID- 19982440
TI  - Case of Multiple Dentigerous Cysts in the Mandible, and some Remarks on the
      Pathology of such Cysts.

PMID- 19982441
TI  - The Experimental Production of Arthritis.

PMID- 19982442
TI  - On the Significance of the Extra Cusp commonly found on the Antero-internal
      Aspect of the Maxillary First Permanent Molar in Man.

PMID- 19982443
TI  - Suppurating Dental Cyst involving Floor of Nose and causing Necrosis of Palate.

PMID- 19982444
TI  - Types of Difficult Extraction and their Treatment.

PMID- 19982445
TI  - A Compound Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19982447
TI  - Remarks on the Comparative Effects, immediate and remote, of introducing Absolute
      Alcohol into the Labyrinth of Birds and Human Subjects (Cinematograph
      Demonstration): (SYNOPSIS.).

PMID- 19982446
TI  - President's Address: The Structural Type of the Mastoid Process, based upon the
      Skiagraphic Examination of 1,000 Crania of various Races of Mankind.

PMID- 19982448
TI  - The Course and Relations of Arnold's Nerve (Auricular Branch of the Vagus) in the
      Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19982450
TI  - The Research Work conducted in Utrecht on the Saccular, Utricular and Allied
      Reflexes.

PMID- 19982449
TI  - A Short Account (Demonstration) of the Research Work being conducted at Utrecht
      on the Saccular, Utricular, and Allied Reflexes.

PMID- 19982451
TI  - A Modification of the Mastoid Operation for Early Suppuration in A cellular
      Mastoids.

PMID- 19982453
TI  - Otitic Meningitis.

PMID- 19982452
TI  - The Thermionic Valve of Professor J. H. Fleming-a Piece of Apparatus capable of
      amplifying Sound, with a Demonstration to show the Possibilities of applying the
      Thermionic Valve to aid the Deaf.

PMID- 19982454
TI  - Posterior Ethmoidal Cell Exploration.

PMID- 19982455
TI  - Case of Vertigo, due to Cholesteatoma of Attic, cured by Ossiculectomy.

PMID- 19982456
TI  - Aural Exostosis-Second removed from the same Meatus Nine Years after First.

PMID- 19982458
TI  - Exhibition of Pontimeter.

PMID- 19982457
TI  - Otosclerosis-with a possible Bearing on the AEtiology of the Disease.

PMID- 19982459
TI  - Case of Acute Inflammation of the Middle Ear, with Empyema of Antrum in an
      Acellular Bone, with Dense Outer Antral Wall.

PMID- 19982461
TI  - A Large Exostosis removed from the External Auditory Meatus of an Adult Male.

PMID- 19982460
TI  - Case of Localized Suppurative Meningitis over the Motor Cortex following Acute
      Mastoid Suppuration; Drainage; Recovery.

PMID- 19982462
TI  - Case of Ossification of the Membrane around a Perforation.

PMID- 19982464
TI  - Case of Unilateral "Nerve Deafness" in Disseminated Sclerosis, with Immobility of
      Opposite Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19982463
TI  - A Pigeon Sixteen Months after a Single Application of Alcohol to the Membranous
      Labyrinth (left side).

PMID- 19982465
TI  - Cases of Functional Deafness.

PMID- 19982466
TI  - Case of Extradural Abscess, Meningitis and Cerebellar Abscess; Recovery.

PMID- 19982467
TI  - Case in which both Meatuses are closed by False Membrances.

PMID- 19982468
TI  - Lateral Sinus Suppuration, with an Unusual History.

PMID- 19982469
TI  - Very Extensive Infection of Lateral Sinus and Jugular Vein, followed by Recovery.

PMID- 19982470
TI  - Result of Double Schwartze Operation.

PMID- 19982471
TI  - Tumour of External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19982472
TI  - A Note On the Resonating System in the Cochlea, with Demonstration of a Model,
      illustrating the Action of a hitherto neglected Factor.

PMID- 19982473
TI  - Specimen of Internal Auditory Meatus dilated and occupied by New Growth,
      involving the Auditory Nerve.

PMID- 19982475
TI  - Facio-hypoglossal Anastomosis.

PMID- 19982474
TI  - Malignant Disease of Temporal Bone with Involvement of Cranial Nerve.

PMID- 19982476
TI  - Otogenic Meningitis spreading from the Roof of the Antro-tympanum.

PMID- 19982477
TI  - Cerebellar Hernia.

PMID- 19982478
TI  - Extra-dural Abscess with Extensive Sloughing of Dura.

PMID- 19982480
TI  - Case of Unilateral Deafness with Anaesthesia of the same Side of the Face.

PMID- 19982479
TI  - Epithelioma of Auricle.

PMID- 19982481
TI  - Some Observations on the Early Diagnosis and Drainage of Otitic Meningitis,
      illustrated by Fourteen Cases and Specimens.

PMID- 19982482
TI  - Observations upon the Action of Radium and X-rays on the Mononuclear Leucocytes
      of the Blood of Rats.

PMID- 19982483
TI  - Invasion of the Nerves in Carcinoma of the Sublingual Salivary Gland, associated
      with Carcinoma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19982485
TI  - Further Attempts at the Experimental Production of Carcinoma by Means of Radium.

PMID- 19982484
TI  - Cleft Palate in Animals.

PMID- 19982486
TI  - Report on Visit as Official Representative of the Section of Anaesthetics to the
      First Meeting of the Canadian Society of Anaesthetists at Niagara, and to the
      Meeting of the American Society of Anaesthetists at Boston, in June, 1921.

PMID- 19982487
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE UTILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19982488
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE UTILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19982489
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE UTILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19982491
TI  - Anaesthesia in Intracranial Surgery.

PMID- 19982490
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE UTILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19982492
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE UTILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19982493
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE UTILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19982494
TI  - Some Notes in connexion with the Preparation of Vaccine Lymph at the Government
      Lymph Establishment.

PMID- 19982496
TI  - Sporadic Outbreaks of Plague in the Union of South Africa.

PMID- 19982495
TI  - An Account of the Circumstances associated with an Outbreak of Disease amongst
      Milch Cows, Horses, and their Attendants, believed to be of the nature of "Cow
      pox," in the County of Somersetshire in the Year 1909, and Considerations arising
      therefrom.

PMID- 19982497
TI  - Metabolism and Disease.

PMID- 19982498
TI  - Experiences with the Schick Test and Active Immunization against Diphtheria.

PMID- 19982499
TI  - Schick Test: Bacteriological Examination of 300 School Children: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982500
TI  - Laboratory Control of the Schick Test and Active Immunization: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982501
TI  - Schick Test and the Subsequent Active Immunization: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982502
TI  - The Relationship between Puerperal Septicaemia and other Infectious Diseases,
      with Reference to the Admission of Maternity Cases into Isolation Hospitals:
      (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982503
TI  - The Epidemiology of Summer Diarrhoea.

PMID- 19982504
TI  - Reforms needed in the Notification of Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19982506
TI  - The New Psychology in its Relation to Problems of Vision: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982505
TI  - Milestones on Refraction Work: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982507
TI  - Lobulated White Mass at Macula.

PMID- 19982508
TI  - Hyaline Bodies at the Disc, associated with Night Blindness.

PMID- 19982509
TI  - Case of Cysts of Iris.

PMID- 19982510
TI  - Coloboma of Optic Nerve (? Traumatic).

PMID- 19982512
TI  - Case of Sclerosing Keratitis of Right Eye.

PMID- 19982511
TI  - Inflammatory Nodule above Right Optic Disc.

PMID- 19982513
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Left Eye and Lower Lid; Operation for the Formation of New Lower
      Lid.

PMID- 19982514
TI  - Double Congenital Ptosis; Motais' Operation on Right Eye.

PMID- 19982515
TI  - Case of (?) Branching Remnant of Hyaloid Artery.

PMID- 19982516
TI  - Growth on the Conjunctiva in an Infant.

PMID- 19982517
TI  - Case of Filamentary Keratitis.

PMID- 19982519
TI  - An Operating Lamp.

PMID- 19982518
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Upper Jaw in Infants.

PMID- 19982521
TI  - Epibulbar Sarcoma with Penetration of the Globe: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982520
TI  - Experience gained from 140 Trephine Operations for Glaucoma: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982522
TI  - Superficial Deposit of Cholesterin in Corneal Scar.

PMID- 19982523
TI  - Case of Blepharo-chalasis.

PMID- 19982524
TI  - Case of Symmetrical Macular Disease.

PMID- 19982525
TI  - On the Morphology of certain Developmental Structures associated with the Upper
      End of the Choroidal Fissure: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982526
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Right Eye; Plastic Operation on the Lid-an Intermediate Stage.

PMID- 19982527
TI  - Three Cases of Choroidal Sarcoma, with Notes on the Microscopic Appearances.

PMID- 19982528
TI  - Circinate Retinitis to Nasal Side of Optic Disc, with Excavation of the Optic
      Disc.

PMID- 19982529
TI  - Case of Bilateral Enlargement of the Lacrymal Glands.

PMID- 19982530
TI  - Case of ? Retinitis or Choroiditis.

PMID- 19982531
TI  - Syphilitic Degeneration of the Retina in a Boy aged 8.

PMID- 19982532
TI  - Unusual Condition of Retinal Arteries.

PMID- 19982533
TI  - Coloured Vision: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982535
TI  - Mass partly obscuring the Optic Disc.

PMID- 19982534
TI  - Microscopical Section of a Series of Sympathizing Eyes examined microscopically:
      (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982536
TI  - Symmetrical Swellings in neighbourhood of Upper Lids near the Outer Canthus of
      each Eye.

PMID- 19982537
TI  - Retinal Detachment at Macula.

PMID- 19982538
TI  - Report on the Specimen submitted by Mr. H. Neame, F.R.C.S., to the Pathological
      Committee.

PMID- 19982540
TI  - Tuberculosis of Conjunctiva of Right Eye.

PMID- 19982539
TI  - Flattened Papular Condition of Conjunctiva of Right Upper Lid.

PMID- 19982542
TI  - Case of Right-sided Ptosis treated by Poulard's Operation.

PMID- 19982541
TI  - Cyst of Lower Retrotarsal Fold.

PMID- 19982543
TI  - Angioma of Retina of Right Eye.

PMID- 19982545
TI  - Two Cases of Thrombosis of the Retinal Vein, one showing a Hole, the other a
      Star, at the Macula: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982544
TI  - Congenital Malformation of Iris.

PMID- 19982546
TI  - Further Pathological Studies in Dementia Praecox, especially in relation to the
      Interstitial Cells of Leydig.

PMID- 19982547
TI  - The Morbid Histology of the Testes in Dementia Praecox.

PMID- 19982548
TI  - Some Points about Repression.

PMID- 19982550
TI  - Adjourned Discussion on Dr. Helen Boyle's Paper, "The Ideal Clinic for the
      Treatment of Nervous and Borderland Cases".

PMID- 19982549
TI  - The Ideal Clinic for the Treatment of Nervous and Borderland Cases.

PMID- 19982551
TI  - Recovery from Mental Disorder.

PMID- 19982553
TI  - Case of OEsophageal Stricture.

PMID- 19982552
TI  - Splenomedullary Leukaemia.

PMID- 19982555
TI  - Case of Defective Ossification of Skull.

PMID- 19982554
TI  - Case of Abnormal Adiposity following Meningitis.

PMID- 19982556
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982558
TI  - (?) Congenital Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19982557
TI  - Specimen of Teratoma from an Infant.

PMID- 19982559
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982561
TI  - Case of Congenital Aortic Stenosis with superimposed Rheumatic Infection.

PMID- 19982560
TI  - Case of Arthritis of both Hips.

PMID- 19982562
TI  - Complete Transposition of Viscera with Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19982564
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982563
TI  - Hypertonic and Atonic Hearts in Children, with Radiographic Illustrations.

PMID- 19982566
TI  - Case of ? Dyspituitarism, ? Hypernephroma.

PMID- 19982565
TI  - Specimen of Congenital Malformation of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19982567
TI  - Dermato-polyneuritis (Acrodynia: Erythroedema): (Abstract).

PMID- 19982568
TI  - Case of Double Inguinal Hernia in which both Sacs were removed through a Single
      Transverse Suprapubic Incision.

PMID- 19982569
TI  - Case of Recurrent Purpura with Joint Lesions and Fractures.

PMID- 19982570
TI  - Syphilitic Infantilism with Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19982571
TI  - Specimens from the Case of Obesity (? Dispituitarism, ? Hypernephroma), shown at
      last Meeting.

PMID- 19982572
TI  - Case of Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19982573
TI  - Case of Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19982574
TI  - Case of Hydatid of Pleura and Lung in a Boy, aged 8 Years.

PMID- 19982575
TI  - Case of Generalized Muscular Hypertrophy in a Boy, aged 10 Years.

PMID- 19982577
TI  - Duodenal Ulcer in Infancy.

PMID- 19982576
TI  - President's Address: The Treatment of Paralysis in Children.

PMID- 19982578
TI  - Case of Purpura Fulminans following Measles.

PMID- 19982579
TI  - Case of Friedreich's Ataxia associated with Coloboma of Iris and Choroid.

PMID- 19982580
TI  - Familial Cerebral Degeneration.

PMID- 19982581
TI  - Case of Congenital Morbus Cordis associated with Coloboma of Iris and Choroid.

PMID- 19982582
TI  - Case of Imbecility due to Congenital Hydrocephalus.

PMID- 19982583
TI  - Fatal Case of Bullous Eruption.

PMID- 19982584
TI  - Case of ? Tumour of Suprarenal Cortex.

PMID- 19982585
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Hemihypertrophy.

PMID- 19982586
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982588
TI  - Cases of Mongolism and Cretinism.

PMID- 19982587
TI  - Case of Dermato-Polyneuritis.

PMID- 19982589
TI  - Chronic Interstitial Keratitis, Atrophy and Spasticity of the Left Leg.

PMID- 19982590
TI  - Case of Obesity of ? Suprarenal Origin.

PMID- 19982591
TI  - Case of Leucodermia.

PMID- 19982592
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982593
TI  - Case of Myelocytic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19982594
TI  - Case of "Permanent" Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19982595
TI  - Six Cases of Intussusception after Operation.

PMID- 19982596
TI  - Two Cases of Bone-regeneration after Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19982598
TI  - Practical Methods of the Treatment of Infantile Paralysis in Children:
      (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982597
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: Persistent Stridor.

PMID- 19982599
TI  - Case of Cardiospasm.

PMID- 19982601
TI  - Case of Gumma of the Liver and Sclerodermia of Face.

PMID- 19982600
TI  - Case of Dwarfism.

PMID- 19982603
TI  - Juvenile General Paralysis.

PMID- 19982602
TI  - Case of Fracture at the Elbow-joint.

PMID- 19982604
TI  - Case of Persistent Jaundice.

PMID- 19982606
TI  - Observations on the Effect of Tartar Emetic on the Eggs and Miracidia of
      Bilharzia hoematobia.

PMID- 19982605
TI  - Eimeria oxyspora, Dobell, 1919, found in a Specimen of Human Faeces in England.

PMID- 19982607
TI  - Thermotropism in Ankylostome Larvae.

PMID- 19982608
TI  - A Simple Method of Experimentation for Skin Infection with Hook-worm Larvae.

PMID- 19982609
TI  - The "Blue Bodies" in Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 19982610
TI  - Solitary Abscess of the Liver.

PMID- 19982611
TI  - The Morphology of the Cercaria of Schistosomum mansoni from Planorbis boissyi of
      Egypt.

PMID- 19982612
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982613
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982614
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982615
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982616
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982617
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982618
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982619
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMOEBIC DYSENTERY.

PMID- 19982620
TI  - Acute and Subacute Tonsillomycoses.

PMID- 19982621
TI  - A Report on the Treatment of Ten Cases of Kala-azar by Sodium Acetyl-para
      aminophenyl-stibiate ("Stibenyl").

PMID- 19982622
TI  - The Earliest Account of Pellagra in Egypt from the Writings of an Egyptian
      Physician, A.D. 1846.

PMID- 19982623
TI  - Notes on Two Cases reported as Yellow Fever.

PMID- 19982624
TI  - Dysentery in the West Indies.

PMID- 19982625
TI  - Some Observations on Tuberculosis in India.

PMID- 19982626
TI  - Embadomonas intestinalis (Wenyon and O'Connor), 1917; Description of the Cysts
      and Free Forms found in a Case in England.

PMID- 19982627
TI  - Genito-urinary Symptoms in Acute Appendicitis.

PMID- 19982628
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982630
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982629
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982631
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982633
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982632
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982634
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982635
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982636
TI  - Large Ureteric Calculus.

PMID- 19982637
TI  - Ureteral Calculus (Royal College of Surgeons Museum, 3638 T.).

PMID- 19982638
TI  - Specimen of a Sarcoma of the Kidney removed from a Child, and the Patient
      himself.

PMID- 19982639
TI  - Specimen of a Vesical Calculus enclosing a Fragment of Bone.

PMID- 19982640
TI  - Angeiomyoma of the Bladder removed at Operation.

PMID- 19982641
TI  - Five Cases illustrating the Value of a Radical Operation for Carcinoma of the
      Penis.

PMID- 19982642
TI  - Case of Bladder Diverticulum.

PMID- 19982643
TI  - Case of Ureterocele.

PMID- 19982644
TI  - Specimen of Cystin Calculi from the Kidney of a Child.

PMID- 19982645
TI  - Large Renal Calculus and the Kidney from which it was removed.

PMID- 19982646
TI  - The Source of the Amylolytic Ferment of the Urine.

PMID- 19982647
TI  - Glycosuria in Renal Disorders.

PMID- 19982648
TI  - A New Posterior Urethroscope.

PMID- 19982649
TI  - Ascending Infections of the Kidney.

PMID- 19982650
TI  - Case of Horse-shoe Kidney; Pyelo-radiogram; Rovsing's Operation for Separation of
      the fused Kidneys.

PMID- 19982651
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION.

PMID- 19982653
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION.

PMID- 19982652
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION.

PMID- 19982654
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION.

PMID- 19982656
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION.

PMID- 19982655
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION.

PMID- 19982657
TI  - Report on the Discussion on "The Tests of Renal Function".

PMID- 19982658
TI  - Urinary Calculi in Animals.

PMID- 19982659
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982661
TI  - Specimen of a "Miner's Egg".

PMID- 19982660
TI  - The Comparative Anatomy of the Accessory Sexual Glands: (Abstract)).

PMID- 19982662
TI  - Resection of Shaft of Right Humerus for Fibrous Osteitis.

PMID- 19982663
TI  - Case of Loose Bodies in Left Shoulder-joint.

PMID- 19982664
TI  - Case of Rigidity of Spine in a Boy, aged 9 (for Diagnosis).

PMID- 19982665
TI  - Old "Abduction" Fracture of Right Ankle, with Dislocation of Astragalo-scaphoid
      Joint.

PMID- 19982666
TI  - Case of Arthritis of both Hips.

PMID- 19982667
TI  - An Operation for Inguinal Hernia.

PMID- 19982669
TI  - Case of Subluxation of the Hip-joint of Doubtful Origin.

PMID- 19982668
TI  - Stabilizing Operation in the Treatment of Paralytic Deformities of the Foot.

PMID- 19982671
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982670
TI  - Case of Bilateral Snapping Hip with Functional Varus.

PMID- 19982672
TI  - Contracture from Burn treated by Plastic Operation.

PMID- 19982674
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982673
TI  - Case of Bilateral Absence of Radius.

PMID- 19982675
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982677
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982676
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982679
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982678
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982680
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19982682
TI  - Cyst of the Rectum.

PMID- 19982681
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982683
TI  - Chronic Duodenal Ileus.

PMID- 19982684
TI  - Two Specimens of Diverticulitis of Pelvic Colon successfully removed by Resection
      and Anastomosis.

PMID- 19982685
TI  - Sacculitis of Colon which gave rise to a Perforation of the Ascending Colon.

PMID- 19982687
TI  - Adenomyoma of the Uterus invading the Rectovaginal Septum and the Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19982686
TI  - Primary Carcinoma in the Blind Bowel Five Years after Excision of the Rectum.

PMID- 19982688
TI  - Case of Congenital Radio-ulnar Synostosis, after Operation, in a Boy, aged 10.

PMID- 19982690
TI  - Case of Malignant Polypus of Rectum; Ligation and Removal; Subsequent Treatment
      with Radium; Signs of Local Recurrence; Perineal Excision of Rectum.

PMID- 19982689
TI  - Old Dislocation of Head of Radius causing Paresis of Muscular Spiral Nerve (shown
      after Operation).

PMID- 19982691
TI  - Case of ? Diverticulitis of Pelvic Colon, with Vesico-colic Fistula.

PMID- 19982692
TI  - Case of Perforating Diverticulitis of the Pelvic Colon, with Vesicocolic Fistula,
      treated by Suprapubic Cystotomy and Transverse Colostomy.

PMID- 19982693
TI  - Some Points in the Technique of Bone-grafting, with a Special Reference to Bridge
      grafts: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982694
TI  - Two Cases of Deformity of the Hip.

PMID- 19982695
TI  - Case of Osteo-chondritis of Head of Femur.

PMID- 19982696
TI  - Case of Recurrent Subluxation of both Knee-joints (Snapping Knees) in a Baby.

PMID- 19982697
TI  - Case of Infantile Monoplegia of the Left Leg.

PMID- 19982698
TI  - Case of Dislocation of Patella and Contraction of Knee.

PMID- 19982699
TI  - Case of Multiple Loose Bodies in the Knee-joint.

PMID- 19982701
TI  - President's Address: Carcinoma of the Jejunum and Ileum: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982700
TI  - Apophysitis of Tibia.

PMID- 19982703
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF REMEDIAL EXERCISES AS APPLIED TO SCOLIOSIS.

PMID- 19982702
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF REMEDIAL EXERCISES AS APPLIED TO SCOLIOSIS.

PMID- 19982704
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF REMEDIAL EXERCISES AS APPLIED TO SCOLIOSIS.

PMID- 19982705
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF REMEDIAL EXERCISES AS APPLIED TO SCOLIOSIS.

PMID- 19982706
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF REMEDIAL EXERCISES AS APPLIED TO SCOLIOSIS.

PMID- 19982707
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF REMEDIAL EXERCISES AS APPLIED TO SCOLIOSIS.

PMID- 19982708
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982709
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982710
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982711
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982712
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982713
TI  - Fibro-cystic Disease of Humerus; Replacement by Beef-bone Graft.

PMID- 19982714
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982715
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982717
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982716
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AFTER-RESULTS OF COLECTOMY (PARTIAL AND COMPLETE) PERFORMED FOR
      COLON STASIS.

PMID- 19982718
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982719
TI  - Case of Arthroplasty of both Hips.

PMID- 19982720
TI  - Case of Congenital Absence of Sacrum, with Associated Dislocation of One Hip and
      Talipes Calcaneo-valgus.

PMID- 19982721
TI  - Case of Charcot's Arthropathy of the Tarsus, with Normal Kneejerks and Normal
      Pupil Reflexes.

PMID- 19982722
TI  - Case of Cervical Rib, with Symptoms, in a Girl, aged 8.

PMID- 19982723
TI  - Two Cases of a New Metatarsal Disease.

PMID- 19982724
TI  - Case of Arthritis of the Hip in a Girl, aged 9.

PMID- 19982725
TI  - Non-union of Ulna after Operation.

PMID- 19982726
TI  - Case of Crush Fracture of Tenth Thoracic Vertebra.

PMID- 19982727
TI  - Case of Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19982728
TI  - Accessory Bone representing Tubercle of Scaphoid of Foot.

PMID- 19982729
TI  - Madelung's Deformity of Left Wrist.

PMID- 19982730
TI  - Case of Curious Deformity of Ulna following Injury.

PMID- 19982731
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.

PMID- 19982732
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.

PMID- 19982733
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.

PMID- 19982735
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.

PMID- 19982734
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.

PMID- 19982737
TI  - Case of After-result of Tendon Transplantation in Foot in a Case of Infantile
      Paralysis.

PMID- 19982736
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.

PMID- 19982738
TI  - A Patient showing the End Result of Treatment for Ununited Fracture of the
      Humerus and Complete Musculo-spiral Paralysis.

PMID- 19982739
TI  - Case of Retro-rectal Sarcoma (Chordoma ?).

PMID- 19982740
TI  - Specimen showing Carcinoma of the Pelvic Colon and Rectum co-existing and causing
      Acute Obstruction.

PMID- 19982741
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of the Anus.

PMID- 19982742
TI  - Dermoid Cyst of the Rectum.

PMID- 19982743
TI  - Case of Sacro-coccygeal Tumour with Sinus.

PMID- 19982745
TI  - Parathyroid Therapy in Calcium Deficiency.

PMID- 19982744
TI  - President's Address: The Threshold of the Kidney.

PMID- 19982746
TI  - The Therapeutic and Pharmacological Action of some New Sulphur Compounds.

PMID- 19982747
TI  - President's Address: The Aftermath of War with Reference to the Medical Service
      of the Army.

PMID- 19982748
TI  - Stature in Relation to Physical Standards of Fitness.

PMID- 19982749
TI  - Demonstration of Drawings of War Injuries of the Fundus Oculi: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982750
TI  - Medical Organization, with Special Reference to the Transportation of Wounded, in
      Open Warfare.

PMID- 19982751
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BLOOD-PRESSURE.

PMID- 19982752
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VAGUS AND SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THEIR RELATION TO CLIMATE AND
      HYDROLOGY.

PMID- 19982753
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VAGUS AND SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THEIR RELATION TO CLIMATE AND
      HYDROLOGY.

PMID- 19982754
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VAGUS AND SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THEIR RELATION TO CLIMATE AND
      HYDROLOGY.

PMID- 19982755
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VAGUS AND SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THEIR RELATION TO CLIMATE AND
      HYDROLOGY.

PMID- 19982756
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VAGUS AND SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THEIR RELATION TO CLIMATE AND
      HYDROLOGY.

PMID- 19982757
TI  - The "Aerologia" of Domenico Panarolo.

PMID- 19982758
TI  - The Use of the Plombieres Douche.

PMID- 19982759
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BLOOD-PRESSURE.

PMID- 19982760
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BLOOD-PRESSURE.

PMID- 19982761
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VAGUS AND SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THEIR RELATION TO CLIMATE AND
      HYDROLOGY.

PMID- 19982762
TI  - Case of (?) Epithelioma of the Penis.

PMID- 19982764
TI  - Case of Bilateral Hammer Great Toes.

PMID- 19982763
TI  - Traction Lesion of the Right Brachial Plexus, involving the Fifth and Sixth
      Groups.

PMID- 19982766
TI  - Case of Adiposis Dolorosa.

PMID- 19982765
TI  - Case of Purpura Haemorrhagica.

PMID- 19982767
TI  - Case of Thrombo-angeitis Obliterans.

PMID- 19982768
TI  - Case of Thrombo-angeitis Obliterans.

PMID- 19982769
TI  - Case of Scorbutic Infantilism.

PMID- 19982771
TI  - Case of Partial Gastrectomy for Cancer of the Stomach.

PMID- 19982770
TI  - Case of Multiple Exostosis and Hip Disease.

PMID- 19982772
TI  - Case of Acromegaly in a Girl aged 16, with Congenital Heart Disease (Aortic
      Stenosis).

PMID- 19982774
TI  - Hydronephrosis of a Single Kidney; Spontaneous Rupture into the Peritoneal
      Cavity.

PMID- 19982773
TI  - Case of Calcinosis: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982775
TI  - Case of Ulcerating Granuloma of the Pudenda in which Healing commenced
      immediately subsequent to the Administration of Antimony.

PMID- 19982776
TI  - Tumour removed from the Brain of a Child, aged 12.

PMID- 19982777
TI  - Case of Chondroma of a Phalanx in the Hand.

PMID- 19982779
TI  - Case of Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19982778
TI  - Case of Cysticercus Cellulosae.

PMID- 19982780
TI  - Case of Myeloma of the Outer Condyle of the Femur, showing the Result of Bone
      grafting.

PMID- 19982781
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease; Partial Relief following Plication of the Sigmoid
      Flexure.

PMID- 19982782
TI  - Case of Myositis Ossificans exhibiting Acute Symptoms.

PMID- 19982783
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Osteomyelitis involving the Elbow-joint.

PMID- 19982784
TI  - Case of Swelling of the Face.

PMID- 19982785
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides: (Under the care of James McClure, F.R.C.S.).

PMID- 19982786
TI  - Two Cases of Erythraemia (Vaquez Disease) treated by Rontgen-Therapy.

PMID- 19982787
TI  - Case of Heart-block.

PMID- 19982788
TI  - A Simple Instrument for withdrawing Serous Effusions.

PMID- 19982789
TI  - Case of Patent Interventricular Septum.

PMID- 19982790
TI  - Case of Bilateral Calculous Pyonephrosis Ten Years after Double Nephro-lithotomy.

PMID- 19982791
TI  - Case of Exophthalmos probably caused by Non-suppurative Cavernous Sinus
      Thrombosis.

PMID- 19982792
TI  - Hemiplegia occurring in Pregnant Woman at Full Term; Sudden Onset accompanied by
      Transient Albuminuria; Caesarean Section; Gradual Recovery.

PMID- 19982793
TI  - Case of Graves' (Parry-Graves-Basedow) Disease in a Woman, aged 69, without
      Goitre.

PMID- 19982794
TI  - Cases of Adiposis Dolorosa (Dercum's Disease).

PMID- 19982795
TI  - Cases of Post-encephalitic Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19982796
TI  - Case of Duodenal Ulcer to illustrate Certain Points in Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982797
TI  - Case of Auricular Fibrillation; Reversion to Normal Rhythm under Administration
      of Quinidine.

PMID- 19982798
TI  - Sciatica in a Woman suffering from Lead Poisoning.

PMID- 19982800
TI  - Two Cases of Ringworm of the Nails in Sisters.

PMID- 19982799
TI  - Case of Aneurysm of the Arch of the Aorta and Innominate Artery in a Woman.

PMID- 19982801
TI  - Outbreak of Alopecia (Two Cases).

PMID- 19982802
TI  - Case of Acne Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19982803
TI  - Tuberculous Lymphangitis of Skin.

PMID- 19982804
TI  - Xantho-erythrodermia Perstans (Crocker), Parapsoriasis en plaques (Erythrodermie
      pityriasique en plaques disseminees, Brocq).

PMID- 19982805
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: ? Papulonecrotic Tuberculides.

PMID- 19982806
TI  - Two Cases of Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19982807
TI  - Parakeratosis Variegata in a Man, aged 40.

PMID- 19982808
TI  - Extensive Linear Naevus in a Man, aged 54.

PMID- 19982809
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19982810
TI  - Case of Morphoea associated with Vitiligo.

PMID- 19982811
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19982813
TI  - Case of Lichen Spinulosus.

PMID- 19982812
TI  - Generalized Sclerodermia with Subcutaneous Nodules.

PMID- 19982814
TI  - Case of Acne Varioliformis.

PMID- 19982815
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982816
TI  - A New Method of treating Skin Diseases.

PMID- 19982817
TI  - Case of Parapsoriasis.

PMID- 19982818
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic Erythema of the Legs.

PMID- 19982819
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Leukaemia Cutis).

PMID- 19982820
TI  - Case of Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19982821
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982822
TI  - Case of Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19982823
TI  - Case of Syphilis in a Man.

PMID- 19982824
TI  - Desquamative Erythema associated with Arthritic Changes.

PMID- 19982825
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus and Syphilis.

PMID- 19982826
TI  - Case of Parakeratosis Variegata in a Man, aged 60.

PMID- 19982828
TI  - Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19982827
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus Annulatus, with Atrophy and a Herald Patch.

PMID- 19982829
TI  - Case of Atrophic Lichen Planus in a Woman, aged 40.

PMID- 19982831
TI  - Case showing Results of Treatment by Trepol.

PMID- 19982830
TI  - Case of Lymphoblastic Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19982833
TI  - Case of Multiple Superficial Rodent Ulcer; possible Embryonic Sweat-duct Origin.

PMID- 19982832
TI  - Two Cases of Multiple Carcinoma.

PMID- 19982834
TI  - Case of (?) Pellagra.

PMID- 19982836
TI  - Photographs of Demodex Impetigo.

PMID- 19982835
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus associated with Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19982838
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19982837
TI  - Case of Angiokeratoma.

PMID- 19982839
TI  - A Note on Molluscum Contagiosum.

PMID- 19982840
TI  - Case of Xanthoma Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19982841
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19982843
TI  - Leishmaniasis of the Skin resembling Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19982842
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982844
TI  - Case of Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19982846
TI  - Case of Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19982845
TI  - Two Cases of Favus of Smooth Skin.

PMID- 19982847
TI  - Squamous Carcinoma of Face in a Woman, aged 24.

PMID- 19982848
TI  - Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19982849
TI  - Case of Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19982851
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982850
TI  - Case of Bullous Eruption.

PMID- 19982852
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982853
TI  - Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of Tongue.

PMID- 19982854
TI  - Pigmented Lesion for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982856
TI  - Case of Onychatrophia.

PMID- 19982855
TI  - Section of Excised Pigmented Mole showing Early Malignancy.

PMID- 19982857
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19982858
TI  - Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19982859
TI  - Case of Keloid after Burns.

PMID- 19982860
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982861
TI  - Two Cases Illustrating the Benefit of Light Baths in Tuberculous Disease of the
      Skin.

PMID- 19982862
TI  - Case of very Extensive Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19982863
TI  - Case of Ulcus Rodens Erythematoides.

PMID- 19982864
TI  - Manganese as a Chemotherapeutic Agent: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982866
TI  - Psoriasis of Anomalous Type.

PMID- 19982865
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982867
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19982869
TI  - Case of Boeck's Sarcoid.

PMID- 19982868
TI  - Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19982871
TI  - Trichorrhexis Nodosa.

PMID- 19982870
TI  - Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19982872
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982873
TI  - Acarus from Case of Mange in the Human Being infected by a Dog.

PMID- 19982874
TI  - Two Cases of Angiomatous Granuloma (Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma of
      Kaposi).

PMID- 19982875
TI  - So-called Kaposi's Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma.

PMID- 19982877
TI  - Case of Recurrent Cellulitis.

PMID- 19982876
TI  - Case of Rodent Ulcer under Treatment with Arsenic Paste.

PMID- 19982878
TI  - Erythema of Face.

PMID- 19982879
TI  - Case of Leishmaniasis of the Skin.

PMID- 19982880
TI  - Case of Xantho-erythrodermia Perstans.

PMID- 19982881
TI  - Case of Folliculitis Ulerythematosa Reticulata.

PMID- 19982882
TI  - Abnormal Scarring after Chicken-pox.

PMID- 19982883
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19982884
TI  - Two Cases of Lupus Vulgaris with Treatment.

PMID- 19982885
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982887
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus Atrophicus.

PMID- 19982886
TI  - Case of Recurring Erysipelas.

PMID- 19982888
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; ? Diphtheria of the Skin.

PMID- 19982889
TI  - Male and Female Acarus extracted from One Burrow.

PMID- 19982890
TI  - Case of Muriatic Acid Erosion of Fingers.

PMID- 19982891
TI  - Case of Carcinoma Faciei apud Puellam.

PMID- 19982892
TI  - Case of Cutis Verticis Gyrata.

PMID- 19982894
TI  - Parapsoriasis-Type Xantho-erythrodermia Perstans.

PMID- 19982893
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982895
TI  - Case of Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus associated with Raynaud Symptoms and
      Early Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19982897
TI  - Case of Congenital Onychogryphosis.

PMID- 19982896
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica.

PMID- 19982899
TI  - Case of Unusual Localization of Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19982898
TI  - Case of Xanthoma (? Diabeticorum).

PMID- 19982900
TI  - Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19982901
TI  - Case of Gas-burn Scarring.

PMID- 19982902
TI  - Case of Breast Tumour with Atrophy of Skin (Shown at a previous Meeting).

PMID- 19982903
TI  - Peculiar Folliculitis of the Scalp.

PMID- 19982905
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Repens and Infectious Eczematoid Dermatitis, with Involvement
      of the Mucous Membranes.

PMID- 19982904
TI  - Case of Trichomycosis Axillaris Rubra.

PMID- 19982906
TI  - Case of Atrophic Dermatitis of the Hands and Feet ? Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19982907
TI  - President's Address: Cardiac Diagnosis-a Survey of the Development of Physical
      Methods.

PMID- 19982908
TI  - Apparatus for Recording X-ray Doses.

PMID- 19982910
TI  - A Method for the Opaque Meal Examination of the Stomach: (Abstract).

PMID- 19982909
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis as shown by X-rays, but without Physical Signs.

PMID- 19982911
TI  - Some Effects of Exposure to Radium upon the Alimentary Canal.

PMID- 19982912
TI  - The Cauterization of Adhesions in Artificial Pneumothorax Treatment of Pulmonary
      Tuberculosis under Thoracoscopic Control.

PMID- 19982913
TI  - A New Apparatus for measuring Sensori-motor Reaction Times.

PMID- 19982914
TI  - Artificial Pneumopericardium.

PMID- 19982915
TI  - The Pathological Gall-bladder: the Mackenzie Davidson Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 19982916
TI  - The Movements of the Gastro-intestinal Mucosa : (Abstract).

PMID- 19982918
TI  - Pasteur in Relation to Medicine.

PMID- 19982917
TI  - Edward Jenner.

PMID- 19982919
TI  - Pasteur as Chemist.

PMID- 19982920
TI  - Pasteur as Artist.

PMID- 19982921
TI  - The Urgent Need for Education in the Control of Cancer.

PMID- 19982923
TI  - Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Joint Meeting with the Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology: The Value of Ergot in Obstetrical and
      Gynaecological Practice; with Special Reference to its Present Position in the
      British Pharmacopoeia.

PMID- 19982922
TI  - Appendix: Copy of Leaflet (Cancer) issued by the Health Department, Portsmouth.

PMID- 19982924
TI  - Sections of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Joint Meeting: Discussion on "The
      Significance of the Vascular and other Changes in the Retina in Arterio-Sclerosis
      and Renal Disease.".

PMID- 19982926
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19982925
TI  - Sections of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Joint Meeting: Adjourned Discussion on
      "The Significance of the Vascular and other Changes in the Retina in Arterio
      Sclerosis and Renal Disease.".

PMID- 19982928
TI  - Submucous Lipoma in the Glosso-epiglottic Furrows.

PMID- 19982927
TI  - Parts removed post mortem in a case of Tracheal Obstruction.

PMID- 19982929
TI  - Lipoma of the Larynx removed by Operation.

PMID- 19982930
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis of the Larynx, with Demonstration of Instrument for Sunlight
      Treatment.

PMID- 19982931
TI  - Papilloma of Septum Nasi.

PMID- 19982932
TI  - Case of Ulceration of the Palate and Fauces.

PMID- 19982933
TI  - Myeloid Sarcoma of the Posterior Pillar of the Fauces.

PMID- 19982934
TI  - Case of Shrapnel-wound of Larynx.

PMID- 19982935
TI  - An Unusual Tonsillar Appendage and its Relation to Cartilage Formation in the
      Tonsil; Lantern Demonstration : (Abstract).

PMID- 19982936
TI  - Case of Myasthenia Gravis in which Throat Symptoms were an Early Sign.

PMID- 19982937
TI  - Case of Myotonia Atrophica with Implication of Left Crico-arytaenoid Muscle.

PMID- 19982939
TI  - Suppurating Dental Cyst. Drained: Subsequently obliterated by the Blood-clot
      Method.

PMID- 19982938
TI  - Case of Multiple Foci of Growth in the Palate and Tonsil.

PMID- 19982940
TI  - Microscopic Section of a Benign, Pedunculated Tumour of the Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19982941
TI  - Case of Chronic Empyema of the Antrum; Canfield's Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19982942
TI  - Congenital Webbing of the Larynx.

PMID- 19982943
TI  - Skiagram showing a Paper Fastener in Left Bronchus of a Child.

PMID- 19982944
TI  - A Woman whose Larynx can be examined by the Direct Method with the aid of a
      Tongue Depressor only.

PMID- 19982945
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982947
TI  - Submaxillary Gland with Calculi.

PMID- 19982946
TI  - Thyroid Tumour from Base of Tongue.

PMID- 19982948
TI  - Case of Chronic Laryngitis of Long Standing.

PMID- 19982949
TI  - Nasal Stenosis, mainly Subjective, in a Case of Parkinson's Disease.

PMID- 19982950
TI  - Cyst of Uvula.

PMID- 19982951
TI  - Case of Pedunculated Angeioma (Bleeding Polypus) of the Inferior Turbinal.

PMID- 19982952
TI  - Two Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Laryngeal Symptoms.

PMID- 19982953
TI  - Case of OEdema of the Septum in association with Nasal Polypi.

PMID- 19982954
TI  - Bismuth and Glycerine Gauze.

PMID- 19982955
TI  - The Timeous Treatment of the "Broken Nose".

PMID- 19982956
TI  - Epithelioma of Nasal Septum, Floor of both Nostrils, Alveolar Surface Upper Jaw,
      and Left Side Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19982957
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982958
TI  - Operative Procedures in the Treatment of Stenosis of the Larynx caused by
      Bilateral Paralysis of the Abductor Muscles, with Special Reference to a New
      Method by means of which it is suggested that the Airway may be Permanently
      Enlarged, and the Patient Decannulated: (ABSTRACT.).

PMID- 19982959
TI  - Case of Depressed Bony Bridge of Nose.

PMID- 19982960
TI  - Injury to the Nose from a Lift Acciden.

PMID- 19982961
TI  - Depressed Fracture of Nasal and Associated Bones.

PMID- 19982963
TI  - Skiagrams showing Simple Fibrous Strictures of the OEsophagus in a Child.

PMID- 19982962
TI  - Case of Pharyngeal Pouch.

PMID- 19982964
TI  - Case of Dentigerous Cyst.

PMID- 19982965
TI  - Case illustrating the Valvular Action of the Ventricular Bands.

PMID- 19982966
TI  - Case of Swelling of the Right Ventricular Band.

PMID- 19982968
TI  - Cystic Laryngeal Growth.

PMID- 19982967
TI  - Case of Infiltration of Ventricular Band (probably Intraventricular
      Tuberculosis).

PMID- 19982969
TI  - Case of Hoarseness due to Singer's Nodes.

PMID- 19982970
TI  - Multiple Papillomata of the Larynx.

PMID- 19982971
TI  - Specimen from Case of Multiple Papillomata of the Nose.

PMID- 19982972
TI  - Ventriculo-chordectomy for Double Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19982973
TI  - Laryngostomy for Complete Subglottic Stenosis.

PMID- 19982974
TI  - Complete Laryngectomy for Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19982976
TI  - A Case of Sarcoma of the Nose cured by Radium.

PMID- 19982975
TI  - Haemorrhagic Angiosarcoma of Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19982978
TI  - Tuberculous Ulcer of the Dorsum of the Tongue.

PMID- 19982977
TI  - Extensive Lupus of Palate, Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19982979
TI  - Tuberculoma of the Pharynx.

PMID- 19982981
TI  - Improved Antrum-exploring Trocar and Cannula.

PMID- 19982980
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19982982
TI  - Case of Ulceration of Palate and Fauces.

PMID- 19982984
TI  - Mounted Specimen showing a Threepenny-piece impacted in a Perforation between the
      OEsophagus and Trachea of a Baby, aged 3 months.

PMID- 19982983
TI  - Specimen from the Post-mortem Room of a Large Cyst of the Orifice of the Larynx
      arising from the Arytaeno-epiglottidean Fold.

PMID- 19982986
TI  - Mounted Specimen showing Two Foreign Bodies-one movable and the other fixed, in
      the Trachea of a Child, aged 3.

PMID- 19982985
TI  - Case of Outgrowth from the Ventricle in a Subject of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19982987
TI  - Tumour of Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19982988
TI  - Tumour of the Larynx; ? Malignant.

PMID- 19982989
TI  - Swelling on Posterior Wall of Pharynx.

PMID- 19982991
TI  - Tracheal Obstruction due to (?) Arrest of Development of the Trachea.

PMID- 19982990
TI  - Clonic Spasm of the Palate.

PMID- 19982992
TI  - Demonstration of Specimens of Tumours in the Inter-arytaenoid Space of the
      Larynx.

PMID- 19982994
TI  - Case of Depressed Fracture of Nasal Arch.

PMID- 19982993
TI  - Two Cases of Laryngo-fissure for Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx.

PMID- 19982995
TI  - Laryngeal Case apparently of Epithelioma (possibly Syphilis). Completely healed
      and arrested under X-ray Treatment without operation.

PMID- 19982996
TI  - Healed Tuberculosis of Lung and Larynx.

PMID- 19982997
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx cured seven years ago by Silence and Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19982999
TI  - Case of Fibroma of the Nose.

PMID- 19982998
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of the Vestibule of the Nose after Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19983000
TI  - Foreign Body removed from the Trachea of a Child, aged 6 months.

PMID- 19983001
TI  - Case showing Results following the Accidental Swallowing of Sulphuric Acid in a
      patient with Syphilitic Laryngitis.

PMID- 19983002
TI  - Two Cases of Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord and Left Half of the Palate.

PMID- 19983003
TI  - Case of Swelling in the Nasopharynx on the Right Side, displacing the Soft Palate
      downwards.

PMID- 19983004
TI  - Case of Sarcoma of the Tonsillar Region treated by X-rays after Partial Removal.

PMID- 19983005
TI  - Outgrowth from the Anterior Half of the Left Vocal Cord; ? Fibroma or Prolapse.

PMID- 19983006
TI  - Case of Papillomata of the Trachea.

PMID- 19983008
TI  - Specimen of a Large Cyst of the Orifice of the Larynx arising from the Arytaeno
      epiglottidean Fold.

PMID- 19983007
TI  - Submaxillary Gland containing a large Salivary Calculus.

PMID- 19983009
TI  - Ulceration of the Left Tonsil; Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983010
TI  - Chronic Hyperplasia of the Upper Jaw: its Relationship to other Osseous Tumours
      and to Otosclerosis: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983011
TI  - Some Clinical Observations on the Lingual Tonsil: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983013
TI  - Case of Laryngectomy following Thyro-fissure.

PMID- 19983012
TI  - The Treatment of Large Foreign Bodies impacted in the Gullet: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983014
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of the Right Half of the Fauces treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19983016
TI  - Evolution of the Nasal Cavities and Sinuses in Relation to Function: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983015
TI  - Diseases of the Thyroid Gland in their relation to Laryngology: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983017
TI  - A Clinical Note on the After-treatment of Empyema of the Maxillary Antrum
      (Denker's Operation): (Abstract).

PMID- 19983018
TI  - Some further Remarks on the Reduction or Destruction of Hypertrophied or Diseased
      Tonsils by means of Caustic Soda and Slaked Lime (London Paste).

PMID- 19983019
TI  - Demonstration illustrating certain Pathological and Surgical Points in the
      Treatment of Malignant Disease in the Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19983021
TI  - Sarcoma of the Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19983020
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Nasopharynx, with special Reference to its Malignancy
      and to its Treatment-Operative and Non-operative.

PMID- 19983022
TI  - Epithelioma of Soft Palate and Left Anterior Faucial Pillar.

PMID- 19983024
TI  - Laryngeal Growth.

PMID- 19983023
TI  - Epithelioma of the Right Vocal Cord: Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19983025
TI  - Specimen of Carcinomatous Larynx removed byLaryngectomy.

PMID- 19983027
TI  - Tuberculous Growth in Left Naris.

PMID- 19983026
TI  - Suppurative Disease of Left Frontal Sinus and Left Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19983028
TI  - Orbital Cellulitis: Invasion of Frontal Sinus; Osteo-myelitis of Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19983029
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic OEdema of Orbit.

PMID- 19983030
TI  - Sarcoma of Right Tonsil and Surrounding Faucial Region.

PMID- 19983031
TI  - Sarcoma of Maxilla and Malar and Frontal Bones.

PMID- 19983032
TI  - Extensive Osteomyelitis of Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19983033
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19983034
TI  - Endothelioma of Ethmoid: Lateral Rhinotomy.

PMID- 19983035
TI  - Double Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19983036
TI  - Chronic Cellulitis of the Face.

PMID- 19983037
TI  - Carcinoma of Antrum: Removal of Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19983038
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Tumour: ? A Cystic Adenoma, containing Cartilage (Wet Specimen and
      Section).

PMID- 19983039
TI  - Case of ? Clinically Malignant Disease of the Left Pyriform Sinus.

PMID- 19983040
TI  - Epithelioma of Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19983041
TI  - Case of Branchial Cyst.

PMID- 19983042
TI  - The Nervous and Mental Disorders of Severe Anaemias in Relation to their
      Infective Lesions and Blood Changes.

PMID- 19983043
TI  - The Changes in Medicine and its Methods in the Past Forty-five Years: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19983045
TI  - Experiences with the Everest Expedition: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983044
TI  - The Eradication of Glanders and Anthrax in Man and Animals.

PMID- 19983046
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDES.

PMID- 19983048
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDES.

PMID- 19983047
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDES.

PMID- 19983049
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDES.

PMID- 19983050
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDES.

PMID- 19983051
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDES.

PMID- 19983052
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDES.

PMID- 19983053
TI  - Osteo-arthritis of the Spine.

PMID- 19983054
TI  - Glandular Fever and Infective Mononucleosis: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983055
TI  - Case of Acquired Chronic Haemolytic (Acholuric) Jaundice, seen Fifteen Years ago,
      with a Blood Picture at that time resembling one of Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19983056
TI  - A Rare Case of Congenital Non-familial Jaundice, without Enlargement of Liver or
      Spleen, in an otherwise Healthy Man, aged 56.

PMID- 19983057
TI  - Case of Erythraemia (Polycythaemia Vera, Vaquez-Osler's Disease), with Cerebral
      Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19983058
TI  - Observations on Myopathy.

PMID- 19983059
TI  - President's Address: Multiple Peripheral Neuritis.

PMID- 19983060
TI  - Case of Unusual Sequelae of Lethargic Encephalitis (Parkinsonian Syndrome
      associated with Right Hemiplegia, showing Peculiar Disturbances of Tone and
      Posture in the Limbs on the Hemiplegic Side).

PMID- 19983061
TI  - Case of Tremor for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983062
TI  - Complete Amaurosis, Dementia and Spastic Paralysis in a Hebrew Boy, aged 10.

PMID- 19983063
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19983064
TI  - Case of Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19983065
TI  - Tumour in Cisterna Magna.

PMID- 19983067
TI  - Case of Dystrophia Myotonica.

PMID- 19983066
TI  - Dystrophia Myotonica (Myotonia Atrophica), an Heredo-familial Disease with
      Cataract.

PMID- 19983068
TI  - Case of Myotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19983069
TI  - Three Cases showing Retraction of the Eyelids.

PMID- 19983070
TI  - Case of "Spondylose Rhizo-melique".

PMID- 19983071
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: Spinal Compression or Disseminated Sclerosis.

PMID- 19983072
TI  - Case of Disseminated Sclerosis.

PMID- 19983074
TI  - Case of Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19983073
TI  - Case for Diagnosis, possibly Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19983075
TI  - Case of Syringomyelia, with much Sensory and Motor Impairment and Little Wasting.

PMID- 19983076
TI  - Congenital Neurosyphilis in Brother and Sister.

PMID- 19983077
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983078
TI  - Case of Disseminated Sclerosis.

PMID- 19983079
TI  - Case of Unilateral Affection of Cranial Nerves, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12.

PMID- 19983080
TI  - Case of Unilateral Affection of Cranial Nerves, 9-12 (Tapia's Syndrome)
      associated with Chronic Otitis Media.

PMID- 19983081
TI  - Disorders of Function in the Neurone.

PMID- 19983083
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983082
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983084
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983085
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983087
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983086
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983088
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983089
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983090
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983091
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983092
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS.

PMID- 19983093
TI  - Case of Progressive Double Athetosis.

PMID- 19983095
TI  - Case of Muscular Atrophy of the "Peroneal" Type apparently commencing in, and
      confined for some time to, the Right Hand.

PMID- 19983094
TI  - Case of Chronic Mercurial Poisoning.

PMID- 19983096
TI  - Case of "Juvenile" Tabo-paresis.

PMID- 19983097
TI  - Case of Huntington's Chorea.

PMID- 19983098
TI  - Case of Juvenile General Paralysis of the Insane.

PMID- 19983100
TI  - Case of Syringomyelia showing Pain of Central Origin.

PMID- 19983099
TI  - Case of Quadriplegia with Traumatic Spondylitis.

PMID- 19983101
TI  - Case of Right Fronto-parietal Tumour; Cracked-pot Percussion Note over Right
      Frontal Bone; Left Palmar Reflex.

PMID- 19983103
TI  - Report of a Committee of the Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Royal
      Society of Medicine upon the Prognosis and Treatment of Eclampsia.

PMID- 19983102
TI  - Hysterical Fits, with some Reference to their Treatment.

PMID- 19983104
TI  - Sarcoma in an Ovarian Dermoid Tumour.

PMID- 19983105
TI  - Ruptured Unilateral Solid Cancer of Ovary; Ovariotomy; no Recurrence Six Years
      later.

PMID- 19983106
TI  - Stretching of the Epithelium of the Tubal Rugae by Blood effused into them in
      Torsion of Pedicle of Ovarian Tumour.

PMID- 19983107
TI  - Carcinoma of a Prolapsed Cervix in a Woman, aged 77.

PMID- 19983108
TI  - The Treatment of Dysmenorrhoea: An Analysis of 100 Cases.

PMID- 19983109
TI  - Large Fibroid of Cervix developing after Subtotal Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19983111
TI  - The Scope and Technique of Myomectomy: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983110
TI  - Indications for and Results of Myomectomy for Uterine Fibroids.

PMID- 19983113
TI  - Specimen of Squamous Epithelioma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19983112
TI  - A Specimen of Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19983114
TI  - Adenoma of the Vaginal Fornix simulating Cancer of the Cervix.

PMID- 19983116
TI  - Two Cases of Cancer of the Cervix treated by Radium before Operation.

PMID- 19983115
TI  - A Uterus removed for Carcinoma of the Cervix after Treatment by Radium.

PMID- 19983117
TI  - Glycosuria, resulting in the Birth of a Dead Child, treated with success in a
      Subsequent Pregnancy.

PMID- 19983118
TI  - Instruments left in the Peritoneal Cavity; The Effects and Results of this
      Accident as shown by an Analysis of Forty-four hitherto Unpublished Cases.

PMID- 19983119
TI  - A Cyst of the Uterine Cornu due to Dilatation of the Interstitial Portion of the
      Tube.

PMID- 19983121
TI  - Adenomatosis Vaginae.

PMID- 19983120
TI  - A Necrotic Fibro-adenoma in a Patient, aged 74, simulating Cancer of the Corpus
      Uteri.

PMID- 19983122
TI  - Inversion of the Uterus occurring in the Third Week of the Puerperium.

PMID- 19983123
TI  - The Technique of Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19983124
TI  - A Note on Two Cases of Caesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia with
      Tropacocaine.

PMID- 19983125
TI  - Angioma of the Vaginal Wall.

PMID- 19983126
TI  - Section of Curettings.

PMID- 19983127
TI  - A Mass of Secondary Leiomyosarcoma following Subtotal Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19983129
TI  - Two Specimens of Sarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19983128
TI  - A Leiomyosarcoma of a Fibromyoma removed by Subtotal Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19983131
TI  - The Treatment of Severe and Persistent Uterine Haemorrhage by Radium, with a
      Report upon Forty-five Cases.

PMID- 19983130
TI  - Chorion-epithelioma of the Uterus showing a very Extensive Growth in the Uterine
      Wall.

PMID- 19983132
TI  - A Calcified Tumour of the Recto-vaginal Septum.

PMID- 19983134
TI  - The Clinical Aspects of Adenomyomata of the Female Pelvic Organs.

PMID- 19983133
TI  - A Ruptured Haematoma of the Ovary, with Extensive Intra-peritoneal Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19983135
TI  - Graves' Disease and Thyroid Instability in the Cow, and its Relation to Ovarian
      Disease.

PMID- 19983136
TI  - President's Address: Some Considerations for Preventive Dentistry.

PMID- 19983137
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF OTHER
      ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983138
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF OTHER
      ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983139
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983140
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983141
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983142
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983143
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983145
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983144
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983147
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983146
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983148
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983149
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983150
TI  - ADJOURNED DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF
      OTHER ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983151
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983152
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983153
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983154
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983155
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983156
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983157
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983158
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTIONS OF THE TEETH AND GUMS IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOSE,
      THROAT, AND EAR.

PMID- 19983159
TI  - Case of Multiple Dentigerous Cysts.

PMID- 19983160
TI  - Case of Multiple Dentigerous Cysts.

PMID- 19983161
TI  - On the Vascular Supply of the Enamel Organ of Felis domestica.

PMID- 19983162
TI  - Two Odontomes.

PMID- 19983163
TI  - Some Observations on the Histology, Physiology and Pathology of the Dental Pulp.

PMID- 19983164
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "DENTAL SEPSIS AS AN AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DISEASE OF OTHER
      ORGANS.".

PMID- 19983166
TI  - The Effect of Diet on the Resistance of Teeth to Caries.

PMID- 19983165
TI  - A Case of Unerupted Incisors and Canines in a Male, aged 59.

PMID- 19983167
TI  - An Attempt to Standardize Tests for Hearing.

PMID- 19983168
TI  - "The Disease of not Listening, the Malady of not Marking" : (Abstract).

PMID- 19983169
TI  - Labyrinthitis as a Complication of Middle-ear Suppuration: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983170
TI  - Case of Complete Nerve-deafness due to Syphilis of Internal Ears; Caloric and
      Rotation Tests Negative, Galvanic Positive.

PMID- 19983171
TI  - Case of Otitis Media with Facial Palsy, following Scarlet Fever; Specimens
      (Malleus and Incus) shown.

PMID- 19983172
TI  - Case of Vertigo, with Fixation of the Ossicles, cured by Ossiculectomy.

PMID- 19983174
TI  - Case of Vertigo (simulating "Meniere's Disease") with Anomalous Nystagmus
      Reactions.

PMID- 19983173
TI  - Parotid Fistula following Mastoid Operations.

PMID- 19983175
TI  - Case of Acquired Atresia of the Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19983176
TI  - Ossification of Incus to Tegmen.

PMID- 19983177
TI  - Otosclerosis and Osteitis Deformans: A Pathological and Clinical Comparison:
      (Abstract).

PMID- 19983178
TI  - Case of Necrosis of the Left Temporal Bone, involving Facial Nerve and Labyrinth,
      following Triple Infection of Scarlet Fever, Measles and Diphtheria, in a Child
      aged 7.

PMID- 19983180
TI  - Laceration of Meatus and Tympanic Membrane produced by a Celluloid Knitting
      Needle.

PMID- 19983179
TI  - Parotid Fistula in the Scar of an Old Mastoid Wound.

PMID- 19983181
TI  - Case of Acusticus Tumour (Right); Operation by Sir Victor Horsley in 1912;
      Removal of Tumour; Recovery.

PMID- 19983182
TI  - Acusticus Tumours.

PMID- 19983183
TI  - Specimen of Brain and Acusticus Tumour.

PMID- 19983184
TI  - Surgical Treatment of Eight Nerve Tumours: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983185
TI  - The Morbid Anatomy and Drainage of Otitic Meningitis.

PMID- 19983187
TI  - Case of Deafness greatly increased after a Fall.

PMID- 19983186
TI  - Case of Complete Deafness dating from a Fall.

PMID- 19983188
TI  - Case of Long-standing Deafness attributable to Falls on the Head; Improvement.

PMID- 19983189
TI  - A Temporal Bone from a Case of Tuberculous Lateral Sinus Thrombosis and Extra
      cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19983190
TI  - Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis associated with Acute Suppuration of the
      Middle Ear.

PMID- 19983191
TI  - An Instrument for assisting the Deaf.

PMID- 19983192
TI  - Epileptiform Seizures subsequent to Operation for Temporo-Sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19983193
TI  - Otitic Pterygo-maxillary Abscess induced by Thrombo-phlebitis of the Jugular
      Bulb.

PMID- 19983194
TI  - Brain Abscess due to Otitic Infection; Right Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess without
      Clinical Signs.

PMID- 19983195
TI  - Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess; Amnesia for Names of Objects.

PMID- 19983196
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess; Sudden Coma and Apnoea; Recovery after Operation during
      Artificial Respiration.

PMID- 19983198
TI  - Case of Acute Suppuration in one Ear subjected to Early Operation on Account of
      Complete Deafness of opposite Ear.

PMID- 19983197
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess Five Weeks after Onset of Acute Otitis Media, Right Side.

PMID- 19983199
TI  - Case of Vertigo cured by Opening the External Semicircular Canal.

PMID- 19983200
TI  - Sequestra removed from the Region of the Eustachian Tube during a Radical Mastoid
      Operation.

PMID- 19983201
TI  - Section of Ependymal Glioma growing from the Floor of the Fourth Ventricle,
      simulating a Cerebellar Abscess, in a Case of Bilateral Chronic Suppurative
      Otitis Media.

PMID- 19983203
TI  - Tinnitus associated with Facial Spasm.

PMID- 19983202
TI  - Case of Absolute Bilateral Deafness, with almost Complete Loss of Vestibular
      Activity.

PMID- 19983204
TI  - Some Cases of Otosclerosis with an Unusual Symptom (Otosclerosis Paradoxica) :
      (Abstract).

PMID- 19983206
TI  - A New Fermentation Tube, in which Carbohydrates may be separated from Proteins
      during Sterilization.

PMID- 19983205
TI  - President's Address: Natural Resistance and the Study of Normal Defence
      Mechanisms.

PMID- 19983207
TI  - The Disruptive Phenomena in Gunshot Injuries: their Physics.

PMID- 19983209
TI  - Some Effects of Exposure to Radium on the Blood Platelets.

PMID- 19983208
TI  - On the Inheritance of the Specific Isoagglutinable Substances of Human Red Cells.

PMID- 19983210
TI  - The Anaesthetization of Patients for the Classical Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19983211
TI  - General Anaesthesia in Dental Surgery.

PMID- 19983212
TI  - On Systematic Examination of the Heart.

PMID- 19983213
TI  - The Action of Chloroform on the Heart.

PMID- 19983214
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983215
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983216
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983217
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983218
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983219
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983220
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983221
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORONERS' INQUESTS-THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEATHS UNDER ANAESTHETICS
      AS VIOLENT OR UNNATURAL.

PMID- 19983222
TI  - Case of Cardiac Arrest under an Anaesthetic followed by Heart Massage.

PMID- 19983223
TI  - The Effects of Vagal Trauma on the Anaesthetized Patient.

PMID- 19983225
TI  - On some Outbreaks of Enteric Fever due to Carriers of Infection: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983224
TI  - Cases of Difficulties due to Important Points having been missed at the
      Preliminary Examination.

PMID- 19983226
TI  - Economics and Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19983228
TI  - The Relationship between Rainfall and Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19983227
TI  - On the Age and Sex Distribution in Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19983229
TI  - President's Address: Progress and Problems in Epidemiology.

PMID- 19983230
TI  - The Epidemiology of Surface Disease of the Eyes.

PMID- 19983231
TI  - The Ultravisible Viruses considered from an Epidemiological Point of View.

PMID- 19983232
TI  - The Incidence of Venereal Disease in Scotland: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983233
TI  - An Inquiry into the Mortality of Coal- and Metalliferous-miners in England and
      Wales.

PMID- 19983234
TI  - The Medical Services of Henry the Fifth's Campaign of the Somme in 1415.

PMID- 19983236
TI  - A Note on Thomas Davies, introducer of the Exploring Needle.

PMID- 19983235
TI  - Greek Medical Etiquette.

PMID- 19983238
TI  - The Black Death in England and Wales, as exhibited in Manorial Documents.

PMID- 19983237
TI  - The History of Vaccination in Japan.

PMID- 19983239
TI  - Jabir ibn Hayyan.

PMID- 19983240
TI  - A Plane Glass Retinoscope.

PMID- 19983241
TI  - Calcareous Degeneration of the Eye, with Deposits on the Iris.

PMID- 19983243
TI  - Case of Ectopia Lentis (both Eyes).

PMID- 19983242
TI  - A Case of Retinitis Circinata.

PMID- 19983244
TI  - Haemangeioma of Orbit.

PMID- 19983245
TI  - Case of Recurrent Detached Retina after Seventeen Years' Reposition.

PMID- 19983246
TI  - Tumour of Right Upper Lid (Angeioma).

PMID- 19983247
TI  - Plastic Operation for Contracted Sockets.

PMID- 19983248
TI  - Case of Bilateral Proptosis, with Limitation of Movement in One Eye.

PMID- 19983249
TI  - Case of Retinal Degeneration, with Mental Deficiency.

PMID- 19983251
TI  - Case of Amaurotic Family Idiocy.

PMID- 19983250
TI  - Night Blindness: Retinitis Pigmentosa sine Pigmento.

PMID- 19983252
TI  - Two Cases of Early Familial Maculo-cerebral Degeneration.

PMID- 19983254
TI  - Some Aspects of Ocular Tuberculosis: PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

PMID- 19983253
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Polycythaemia Rubra).

PMID- 19983256
TI  - Some Unusual Results of Operations for Cataract.

PMID- 19983255
TI  - Case of Hole in the Hyaloid.

PMID- 19983257
TI  - The Treatment of Conical Cornea: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983259
TI  - Intracranial Tumour causing Quadrantic Hemiopia.

PMID- 19983258
TI  - Optic Atrophy after Herpes Ophthalmicus.

PMID- 19983261
TI  - Two Cases of Primary Band-shaped Opacity of both Corneae.

PMID- 19983260
TI  - Case of Subhyaloid Haemorrhage in a Girl.

PMID- 19983262
TI  - Atrophic Patches at the Macula Tuberculous; ? Cyst.

PMID- 19983263
TI  - Tumours of Optic Nerve.

PMID- 19983264
TI  - Endothelioma of the Orbit: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983265
TI  - Case of Progressive Macular Changes associated with Tremors.

PMID- 19983267
TI  - Some Suggestions on the Embryology of Congenital Crescents.

PMID- 19983266
TI  - Familial Nodular and Reticular Keratitis.

PMID- 19983269
TI  - Standards of Vision for Scholars and Teachers in Council Schools: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983268
TI  - The Tournay Reaction: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983270
TI  - President's Address: Traumatic Spondylitis.

PMID- 19983272
TI  - Fracture of the Small Trochanter.

PMID- 19983271
TI  - Ischaemic Paralysis.

PMID- 19983273
TI  - Traction Fracture of the Small Trochanter.

PMID- 19983274
TI  - Subluxation of the Inner End of the Right Clavicle.

PMID- 19983275
TI  - Transplantation of the Hamstrings.

PMID- 19983276
TI  - Osteo-chondritis of the Hip.

PMID- 19983277
TI  - Congenital Deformity of the Upper Limbs and Feet.

PMID- 19983278
TI  - Tendon Transplantation for Talipes.

PMID- 19983279
TI  - Injury to Epiphysis of Left Acromion Process.

PMID- 19983280
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983281
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983282
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983283
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983284
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983285
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983287
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983286
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED HIPS, CONGENITAL AND
      PATHOLOGICAL.

PMID- 19983288
TI  - Case of Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19983289
TI  - Case of Haemophilic Arthritis of the Knee.

PMID- 19983290
TI  - Case of Arthritis due to Dental Sepsis diagnosed and treated as Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19983291
TI  - Two Cases of Kohler's Disease.

PMID- 19983293
TI  - A Case of Congenital Subluxation of Humeri.

PMID- 19983292
TI  - Unusual Form of Syndactyly.

PMID- 19983294
TI  - Late Result of Beef-bone Graft of Humerus.

PMID- 19983295
TI  - Traumatic Osteo-arthritis of Neck treated by Bone-graft.

PMID- 19983296
TI  - Two Cases of Fractured Neck of Femur in Training-ship Boys.

PMID- 19983297
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983298
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983299
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983300
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983301
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983302
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983303
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983304
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983305
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983306
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983307
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983308
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983309
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983310
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS.

PMID- 19983311
TI  - Four Cases of Flexion Contracture of the Forearm treated by a Muscle-sliding
      Operation.

PMID- 19983313
TI  - Case of Ocular Torticollis.

PMID- 19983312
TI  - Case of Renal Dwarfism shown after Operation for Genu Valgum.

PMID- 19983314
TI  - Case of Snapping Hip.

PMID- 19983315
TI  - Case of Dislocation of Patella outwards, secondary to Osteomyelitis of Femur.

PMID- 19983316
TI  - Case of ? Charcot's Knee.

PMID- 19983317
TI  - Case of Pseudo-Coxalgia in an Adult.

PMID- 19983318
TI  - Case of Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19983319
TI  - Case of Intracapsular Fracture of the Neck of the Femur.

PMID- 19983321
TI  - Case of Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19983320
TI  - Case of Tendon Transplantation.

PMID- 19983322
TI  - Specimen of Synostosis of Phalangeal Joint ? Congenital in Origin.

PMID- 19983323
TI  - The Organic Basis of the Hysterical Syndrome.

PMID- 19983324
TI  - The Use and Abuse of the Relationship between Doctor and Patient in the Practice
      of Psychotherapy.

PMID- 19983325
TI  - The Endocrine Factor in Mental Disease.

PMID- 19983326
TI  - Genius and Insanity.

PMID- 19983327
TI  - Pathological Laughing and Crying.

PMID- 19983329
TI  - Two Cases of Duodenal Obstruction in Infants.

PMID- 19983328
TI  - President's Address: The Pathogenesis of Rickets.

PMID- 19983330
TI  - Case of Cerebral Degeneration.

PMID- 19983331
TI  - Double Tumour, ? Lipoma, in the Perineal Region of an Infant.

PMID- 19983332
TI  - Case of Persistent Jaundice in an Infant; Atresia of the Common Bile-duct and
      Biliary Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19983333
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983334
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; ? Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19983335
TI  - Two Cases of Coeliac Infantilism in the Convalescent (Non-diarrhoeic) Stage.

PMID- 19983336
TI  - Hereditary Tylosis.

PMID- 19983337
TI  - Case of Rickets treated by Light Therapy.

PMID- 19983338
TI  - Pneumococcal Septicaemia and Enlargement of Liver and Spleen.

PMID- 19983339
TI  - Three Cases of Inborn Errors of Metabolism.

PMID- 19983340
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: (A) Cases.

PMID- 19983341
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: (A) Cases.

PMID- 19983343
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: (A) Cases.

PMID- 19983342
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: (A) Cases.

PMID- 19983344
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: (A) Cases.

PMID- 19983345
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: (A) Cases.

PMID- 19983346
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983348
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983347
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983349
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983350
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983351
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983352
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983354
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983353
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983355
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983356
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983357
TI  - EXHIBITION OF CASES SHOWING THE LATE RESULTS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, FOLLOWED
      BY DISCUSSION: Discussion.

PMID- 19983359
TI  - Two Cases of Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19983358
TI  - Case of Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19983360
TI  - Case of Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19983362
TI  - Cases of Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19983361
TI  - Case of Progeria.

PMID- 19983363
TI  - Specimen of Congenital Stricture of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19983364
TI  - Museum Specimens.

PMID- 19983365
TI  - Exhibition of Cases.

PMID- 19983367
TI  - Case of Ankylosis of Jaw.

PMID- 19983366
TI  - Congenital Absence of Teeth in Three Members of a Family.

PMID- 19983369
TI  - Case of "Hutchinsonian" Teeth.

PMID- 19983368
TI  - Congenital Absence of all Teeth except Two.

PMID- 19983370
TI  - Raynaud's Syndrome in a Non-syphilitic Infant, with a Remarkable Family History:
      (Abstract).

PMID- 19983371
TI  - Case of Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Mitral Disease.

PMID- 19983372
TI  - Two Cases of Duodenal Obstruction in Infants treated by Operation.

PMID- 19983373
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983374
TI  - Case of Tay-Sachs Disease.

PMID- 19983375
TI  - Case of Enlarged Liver with Persistent Acetonuria and Diaceturia.

PMID- 19983377
TI  - Case of Pellagra: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983376
TI  - Case of Pellagra : (Abstract).

PMID- 19983378
TI  - Case of Chronic Splenomegaly of Uncertain Origin.

PMID- 19983380
TI  - Argyll-Robertson Pupils with Mydriasis.

PMID- 19983379
TI  - Congenital Haemolytic Jaundice.

PMID- 19983381
TI  - Case of Heart Disease.

PMID- 19983382
TI  - Two Cases of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19983383
TI  - Absence of Both Thumbs, with other Deformities of the Upper Extremities in an
      Infant.

PMID- 19983385
TI  - Case of Erb's Paralysis.

PMID- 19983384
TI  - Case of Birth Injury to Brachial Plexus; all Cords of Plexus originally involved;
      Recovery of Function in Outer and Posterior Cords; Paresis now of Infraclavicular
      or Klumpke Type.

PMID- 19983386
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BIRTH INJURIES.

PMID- 19983387
TI  - Case of Spastic Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19983388
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BIRTH INJURIES.

PMID- 19983390
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BIRTH INJURIES.

PMID- 19983389
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BIRTH INJURIES.

PMID- 19983391
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BIRTH INJURIES.

PMID- 19983393
TI  - Case of Pulmonary Fibrosis following a Tuberculous Infection.

PMID- 19983392
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BIRTH INJURIES.

PMID- 19983394
TI  - Case of Consanguinity.

PMID- 19983395
TI  - Case exhibiting the Tooth-Marie-Charcot Type of Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19983396
TI  - Three Cases of Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19983398
TI  - Three Cases exhibiting Mongolism.

PMID- 19983397
TI  - Case of Ichthyosis and a Congenital Heart Lesion associated with a Small Pulse.

PMID- 19983399
TI  - Acute Nasal Sinus Disease in Young Children.

PMID- 19983401
TI  - Cases of Encephalitis Lethargica followed by Symptoms of Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19983400
TI  - Case of Clubbing of Fingers and Toes.

PMID- 19983402
TI  - Case of Bronchial Asthma.

PMID- 19983403
TI  - Some Observations on the Occurrence of Leishmania in the Intestinal Tissues in
      Indian Kala-Azar; on the Pathological Changes occasioned by their Presence, and
      on their possible Significance in this Situation.

PMID- 19983404
TI  - Framboesia: History of its Introduction into India; with Personal Observations of
      over 200 Initial Lesions.

PMID- 19983405
TI  - The Lung Flukes of the genus Paragonimus: A Demonstration.

PMID- 19983406
TI  - Life-history of the Gape-worm: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983407
TI  - Life-history of the Sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasii: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983409
TI  - Remarks upon a Photograph of an Endemic Focus of Bilharzia Disease in Portugal;
      Specimens of the Intermediary Host, Planorbis dufourii (Graells).

PMID- 19983408
TI  - Case of Spirochaetal Dysentery: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983410
TI  - Specimens from a Human Case of Infection with Dientamoeba fragilis, Jepps and
      Dobell, 1917.

PMID- 19983412
TI  - Specimens of (1) Schistosoma bovis and of its Snail Carrier; (2) the Intermediate
      Hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, Brazil.

PMID- 19983411
TI  - The Establishment of an Antirabic Institute in the Tropics.

PMID- 19983413
TI  - A Description of Gastrodiscoides hominis, from the Napu mouse deer.

PMID- 19983415
TI  - The Factors in Uraemia.

PMID- 19983414
TI  - Relation of Calcified Abdominal Glands to Urinary Surgery: PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

PMID- 19983416
TI  - Case of Myosarcoma of Epididymis.

PMID- 19983417
TI  - Case of Cyst of Prostate.

PMID- 19983418
TI  - Case of Malakoplakia.

PMID- 19983419
TI  - Case of Aberrant Prostatic Nodule.

PMID- 19983420
TI  - Necrosis of Kidney following Ligature of Abnormal Renal Vessels.

PMID- 19983421
TI  - Absent Right Kidney; Deformity of Left Ureter.

PMID- 19983422
TI  - Specimen showing Transitional-celled Growth of the Kidney.

PMID- 19983423
TI  - Two Large Calculi removed from the Perinaeum of a Male, aged 62, in Margate
      Cottage Hospital.

PMID- 19983425
TI  - A Large Renal Calculus.

PMID- 19983424
TI  - Specimens of New Growth of the Pelvis and Kidney.

PMID- 19983426
TI  - Two Cases of Glandular Epispadias.

PMID- 19983427
TI  - Pyonephrosis due to the Kinking of the Ureter by Aberrant Renal Vessels.

PMID- 19983428
TI  - Multiple Cystic Formation in Lower Pole of Kidney.

PMID- 19983430
TI  - Specimen showing Interior of the Bladder Six Months after Extensive Resection for
      Carcinoma, with Transplantation of the Right Ureter.

PMID- 19983429
TI  - Prostate removed by Prostatectomy; Weight, 12 oz., or 340 grm.

PMID- 19983432
TI  - Specimen of Diverticulum of the Bladder.

PMID- 19983433
TI  - Serous Cyst of the Kidney.

PMID- 19983431
TI  - Case of Ectopia Testis.

PMID- 19983434
TI  - The Propriety of attempting to secure Primary Union after Operations upon the
      Bladder and Prostate.

PMID- 19983435
TI  - Case of Air Embolism occurring during Urethroscopy.

PMID- 19983436
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Vesical Diverticula.

PMID- 19983437
TI  - The Incidence of Malignant Disease in the apparently Benign Enlargement of the
      Prostate.

PMID- 19983438
TI  - Two Points in connexion with Chronic Nephritis.

PMID- 19983440
TI  - Case of Malignant Growth of the Renal Pelvis, with Calculi.

PMID- 19983439
TI  - Candle removed from the Bladder of a Male.

PMID- 19983441
TI  - Pyelogram illustrating the Breaking of Two Shadows into Multiple Shadows as the
      Result of Injection of Sodium Bromide.

PMID- 19983443
TI  - The Progress of Surgery and the Rise and Fall of Surgical Operations: PRESIDENT'S
      ADDRESS.

PMID- 19983442
TI  - Case of Vesico-urethral Calculus.

PMID- 19983445
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983444
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983446
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983447
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983448
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983449
TI  - The Treatment of Fractures of the Patella.

PMID- 19983450
TI  - The Closure of the Suprapubic Urinary Fistula following Suprapubic Prostatectomy;
      Observations on Sixty-eight Cases.

PMID- 19983451
TI  - Gonorrhoeal Stricture of the Rectum: PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

PMID- 19983452
TI  - On Subcapsular Pyelotomy, with Remarks on the Origin and Treatment of Renal
      Calculi.

PMID- 19983453
TI  - A Case in which an Adenoma weighing 2 lb. 3 oz. was successfully removed from the
      Liver: with Remarks on the Subject of Partial Hepatectomy.

PMID- 19983454
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Liver excised by Operation.

PMID- 19983455
TI  - A Case of Resection of the Liver for Malignant Disease spreading from the Gall
      bladder.

PMID- 19983456
TI  - Case of Excision of an Adenoma of the Liver which had ruptured spontaneously,
      causing Internal Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19983457
TI  - Case of Primary Tumour of the Liver removed by Operation.

PMID- 19983459
TI  - Case which was clinically one of Inoperable Carcinoma of the Rectum treated by
      Colostomy and Subequent Injections of Cuprase-Collosal Selenium and Collosal
      Cuprum for over Two Years, with Disappearance of the Growth.

PMID- 19983458
TI  - A New Method of treating Ischio-rectal and other Abscesses.

PMID- 19983460
TI  - A Specimen of Colon, showing Multiple Perforations resulting from Dysentery.

PMID- 19983461
TI  - The Technique of Resection and Anastomosis of the Colon for Tumour.

PMID- 19983462
TI  - The Technique of Axial Anastomosis of the Alimententary Canal.

PMID- 19983463
TI  - Two Cases of Sarcoma of the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19983464
TI  - The Sites of Origin and Methods of Growth of Fibro-adenomata of the Breast.

PMID- 19983465
TI  - Demonstration on the Immediate Microscopic Diagnosis of Tumours at the Time of
      Operation.

PMID- 19983466
TI  - Case of Large Spindle-celled Sarcoma arising in the Mesentery of a Coil of Ileum
      successfully removed at Operation.

PMID- 19983467
TI  - Patient upon whom an Operation was performed in June, 1920, for Cancer of the
      Rectum, by the Abdomino-anal Method.

PMID- 19983469
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983468
TI  - Case of Early Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19983470
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983471
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19983472
TI  - The Problems of Asthma: PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

PMID- 19983473
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE PRESENT POSITION OF ORGANOTHERAPY.".

PMID- 19983475
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE PRESENT POSITION OF ORGANOTHERAPY.".

PMID- 19983474
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE PRESENT POSITION OF ORGANOTHERAPY.".

PMID- 19983476
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE PRESENT POSITION OF ORGANOTHERAPY.".

PMID- 19983477
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE PRESENT POSITION OF ORGANOTHERAPY.".

PMID- 19983478
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION OF QUINIDINE IN CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19983479
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION OF QUINIDINE IN CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19983480
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION OF QUINIDINE IN CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19983481
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION OF QUINIDINE IN CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19983482
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION OF QUINIDINE IN CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19983483
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION OF QUINIDINE IN CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19983484
TI  - The Idiosyncrasies to Drug Tolerance of Animals as compared with Man.

PMID- 19983485
TI  - The Modification of Gastric Function by Means of Drugs: (Abstract).

PMID- 19983486
TI  - The Effect of Light on the Response of Frogs to Drugs.

PMID- 19983487
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE PRESENT POSITION OF ORGANOTHERAPY.".

PMID- 19983488
TI  - Observations on Sand-fly Fever in Malta.

PMID- 19983489
TI  - Venereal Disease as a War Casualty.

PMID- 19983490
TI  - Physical Training in the Army.

PMID- 19983491
TI  - The Effect of Tropical Climate on Physical and Mental Efficiency.

PMID- 19983492
TI  - On the Physiological Action of the Dry-Inhalation of Sodium Chloride: An Italian
      Method of Treatment.

PMID- 19983494
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIURESIS.

PMID- 19983493
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIURESIS: (President's Address and Introduction to the Discussion).

PMID- 19983495
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIURESIS.

PMID- 19983496
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIURESIS.

PMID- 19983497
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIURESIS.

PMID- 19983499
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIURESIS.

PMID- 19983498
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIURESIS.

PMID- 19983500
TI  - The Causes of Brachialgia.

PMID- 19983502
TI  - A Case of Thoracic Dermoid.

PMID- 19983501
TI  - The Biochemical Aspect of the Role of Uric Acid in Gout.

PMID- 19983504
TI  - A Case of Progressive Neural Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19983503
TI  - Pigmentation of Skin.

PMID- 19983505
TI  - Case of Adiposis Dolorosa.

PMID- 19983507
TI  - A Case of Acquired Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19983506
TI  - An Unusual Condition of One Eye in a Case of Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19983508
TI  - Aneurysm of the Ascending Aorta treated by Colt's Wisp.

PMID- 19983509
TI  - Aortic Stenosis and Malignant Disease of Lung.

PMID- 19983510
TI  - Pseudo-Elephantiasis of Eyelid.

PMID- 19983511
TI  - A Case of Osteitis of the Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19983512
TI  - Familial Facial Telangiectases.

PMID- 19983513
TI  - A Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983514
TI  - An Acquired Heart Lesion simulating Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19983515
TI  - Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis and Patent Ductus Arteriosus associated with Mitral
      Regurgitation.

PMID- 19983517
TI  - Case of Hepatic Cirrhosis Eight and a Half Years after the Disappearance of
      Ascites.

PMID- 19983516
TI  - Red-headed Albinos.

PMID- 19983518
TI  - Case of Patchy Gangrene of the Toes due to Vasomotor Injury.

PMID- 19983519
TI  - Case of Lymphadenoma.

PMID- 19983520
TI  - Case of Tumour of Face.

PMID- 19983522
TI  - Congenital Absence of Sternal Portion of the Pectoralis Major.

PMID- 19983521
TI  - A Case of Diabetes Insipidus with Infantilism.

PMID- 19983523
TI  - Notes on Case of Pott's Disease with Nervous Phenomena.

PMID- 19983525
TI  - A Case in which Loss of Memory suggestive of Double Personality was due to Colon
      Disturbance.

PMID- 19983524
TI  - Three Cases in which Nervous Symptoms were due to Dilatation of the Deep Thigh
      Veins.

PMID- 19983527
TI  - Pathological Laughter associated with High Blood-pressure in a Woman aged 66.

PMID- 19983526
TI  - Pains of Tabes Dorsalis persisting throughout, inter alia, a Lower Limb which was
      Amputated at the Hip-joint in 1910.

PMID- 19983528
TI  - Case of (?) Syphilis of Lung.

PMID- 19983529
TI  - Case of Pharyngeal Diverticulum.

PMID- 19983530
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983531
TI  - Diaphysial Aclasis or Periosteo-osteo-dysplasia (Multiple Exostoses) with
      Shortness of Forearms.

PMID- 19983532
TI  - Case of Juvenile Myxoedema.

PMID- 19983533
TI  - Case of Achalasia of the Cardia relieved by Operation.

PMID- 19983534
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Exfoliativa and Generalized Melanoderma.

PMID- 19983535
TI  - Case of Early Recklinghausen's Disease in a Girl aged 10.

PMID- 19983536
TI  - Case of Endothelioma of Upper Lip.

PMID- 19983538
TI  - A Case of Deformity of the Chest.

PMID- 19983537
TI  - Section of Skin from Case of Pigmentation (Argyria).

PMID- 19983539
TI  - Bony Ankylosis of the Lower Jaw. Arthroplasty with Full Restoration of Active
      Movement after Eleven Years.

PMID- 19983541
TI  - Benign Lymphogranulomata (Sarcoid).

PMID- 19983540
TI  - A Case of Lymphogranulomatosis Maligna (Hodgkin's Disease) with Recurrent Purpura
      and Haemorrhagic Symptoms-also Remarks on Lymphogranulomatosis Maligna.

PMID- 19983542
TI  - Case of Keratodermia Blenorrhagica.

PMID- 19983544
TI  - Case of Xanthoma Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19983543
TI  - Case of "Multiple Symmetrical Cutaneous Cysts" or "Steatocystomata".

PMID- 19983546
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983545
TI  - Case of? Lichen Planus Hypertrophicus in a Man, aged 54.

PMID- 19983547
TI  - Lichen Atrophicus.

PMID- 19983549
TI  - Case of Sarcoma Simulating Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19983548
TI  - Multiple Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma.

PMID- 19983550
TI  - A Case of Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19983551
TI  - Two Cases of Hydroa AEstivale with Notes of Three Other Cases.

PMID- 19983552
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus with Hypodermic Nodules.

PMID- 19983553
TI  - Chronic Pigmentary Dermatitis of the Legs.

PMID- 19983554
TI  - Severe Lichen Planus of the Mouth.

PMID- 19983555
TI  - Two Cases of Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19983556
TI  - Case of (?) Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19983557
TI  - Results of Treatment in Syphilis of the Nervous System.

PMID- 19983558
TI  - Case of Prurigo Nodularis.

PMID- 19983559
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides, with Microscopic Section.

PMID- 19983560
TI  - Case of Lichen Nitidus (Pinkus) or Tuberculide Licheniforme et Nitida
      (Chatellier).

PMID- 19983561
TI  - A Rare Lingual Condition.

PMID- 19983562
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Parapsoriasis en Gouttes).

PMID- 19983563
TI  - Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Old Endocarditis, Tubercular Peritonitis, and
      Papulo-Necrotic Tuberculides.

PMID- 19983564
TI  - Haematoporphyria Congenita with Hydroa-AEstivale.

PMID- 19983565
TI  - Striae Atrophicae.

PMID- 19983567
TI  - Case of Lupus Pernio.

PMID- 19983566
TI  - Case of Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19983568
TI  - Favus of Glabrous Skin.

PMID- 19983569
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983570
TI  - Restricted Annular Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19983571
TI  - Case of Lupus of Face and Palate.

PMID- 19983572
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus with Deep Scarring.

PMID- 19983573
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides with Serpiginous Eruption for Thirty Years.

PMID- 19983574
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983575
TI  - OEdema Perstans of Eyelids (Five Years).

PMID- 19983577
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus of Lower Lip.

PMID- 19983576
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19983578
TI  - Parapsoriasis Guttata.

PMID- 19983579
TI  - Case of Lichen Hypertrophicus.

PMID- 19983580
TI  - Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide treated by Arc-lamp Bath.

PMID- 19983581
TI  - Intractable Psoriasis.

PMID- 19983583
TI  - Case of Erythema Circinatum.

PMID- 19983582
TI  - Case of (?) Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19983584
TI  - Case of Ulcerative Stomatitis; ? Nature.

PMID- 19983585
TI  - Case of Cheilitis Glandularis Serpiginosa.

PMID- 19983586
TI  - Case of Macular Leprosy.

PMID- 19983588
TI  - Two Cases of Exfoliative Dermatitis with Intense Pigmentation.

PMID- 19983587
TI  - Case of Anetodermia Maculosa.

PMID- 19983589
TI  - Case of ? Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19983591
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19983592
TI  - Case of Carcinoma Cutis.

PMID- 19983594
TI  - Case of Xanthoma.

PMID- 19983593
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Urticaria Pigmentosa).

PMID- 19983595
TI  - Case of a Rare Lingual Condition.

PMID- 19983596
TI  - An Unusual Case of Unilateral Sclerodactylia and Lupus Erythematosus, with
      Raynaud Phenomena, in a Syphilitic Woman.

PMID- 19983597
TI  - Case of Acneform Syphilide: Type determined by Camphorated Oil Inunctions to the
      Skin.

PMID- 19983599
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983598
TI  - Psoriasis with a Chronic Ulcer of the Lower Lip.

PMID- 19983600
TI  - Lantern and Microscopic Slides of a Case presenting Multiple Pre-cancerous
      Dermatoses.

PMID- 19983601
TI  - Case of Possible Lichen Planus Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19983602
TI  - Case of Aleukaemic Lymphomata.

PMID- 19983604
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983603
TI  - Two Cases illustrating the Treatment of Severe Early Syphilitic Recurrence by a
      Superadded Infection (Malaria).

PMID- 19983605
TI  - Case of Multiple Granuloma (Celluloma) Annulare in a Child under Two Years.

PMID- 19983606
TI  - Case of Ringed Eruption (Colcott Fox).

PMID- 19983607
TI  - Case of Folliculitis Decalvans et Atrophians.

PMID- 19983608
TI  - Pemphigus Confined to the Mucosa.

PMID- 19983609
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease (?) with Pruritus.

PMID- 19983610
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983612
TI  - Case of Chronic Septic Granuloma of Face.

PMID- 19983611
TI  - Case of Unusual Tolerance in Chrysarobin.

PMID- 19983614
TI  - Case of Trade Argyria.

PMID- 19983613
TI  - Case of Boeck's Sarcoid.

PMID- 19983615
TI  - Case of Multiple Xanthoma.

PMID- 19983616
TI  - Acrodermatitis Perstans in a Woman aged 44.

PMID- 19983617
TI  - Psoriasis affecting Mucous Membrane of Lip in a Girl aged 17.

PMID- 19983618
TI  - Ichthyosis in a Girl aged 13.

PMID- 19983619
TI  - Case of Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of the Axilla.

PMID- 19983620
TI  - Case of Xerodermia Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19983622
TI  - Case of Multiple Benign Tumours of Schweninger and Buzzi.

PMID- 19983621
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983623
TI  - A Case of Epithelioma developing upon Lupus Erythematosus, X-rayed.

PMID- 19983624
TI  - Pemphigus limited to Mouth and Larynx.

PMID- 19983625
TI  - Case of Cutaneous Calcinosis.

PMID- 19983626
TI  - Case of Arsenical Dermatitis with Granulomatous Nodules.

PMID- 19983627
TI  - Persistent Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19983628
TI  - Case of Psoriasis Juvenilis treated by Mercury Vapour Light Baths.

PMID- 19983629
TI  - Case of Psoriasis persisting for Four Years; Complete Clearance after Treatment
      by Irradiation of the Thymus Gland.

PMID- 19983630
TI  - Electrical Energy as a Curative Agent: (President's Address).

PMID- 19983632
TI  - The Physiological Effects of Light.

PMID- 19983631
TI  - High-frequency Currents in Relation to Cellular Physiology.

PMID- 19983633
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983634
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983635
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983636
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983637
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983638
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983639
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983640
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983641
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983642
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF DEEP X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19983643
TI  - The Teaching of Normal Radiology.

PMID- 19983644
TI  - Electro-therapeutic Methods in the Treatment of Fractures.

PMID- 19983646
TI  - Some New Observations and Experiments in Electricity.

PMID- 19983645
TI  - Some Problems of Bone Growth.

PMID- 19983648
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS".

PMID- 19983647
TI  - The Influence of Radiology upon our Conceptions of Disease: THE MACKENZIE
      DAVIDSON MEMORIAL LECTURE.

PMID- 19983649
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS".

PMID- 19983650
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS".

PMID- 19983651
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS.".

PMID- 19983652
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS.".

PMID- 19983654
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS.".

PMID- 19983653
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS.".

PMID- 19983656
TI  - Treatment of Rhino-laryngological Tuberculosis by Finsen Light Baths, and
      Results.

PMID- 19983655
TI  - Circulation and Assimilation in Plants.

PMID- 19983657
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983659
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983658
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983660
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983661
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS".

PMID- 19983662
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983663
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983664
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983665
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983666
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983667
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN NERVOUS WOMEN.".

PMID- 19983668
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983669
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983670
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983672
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983671
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983673
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID
      ARTHRITIS".

PMID- 19983675
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983674
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983676
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983677
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983678
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983679
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983680
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE GRADING OF THE POPULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
      PHYSICAL FITNESS.

PMID- 19983681
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983682
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983683
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983684
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.": Local Anaesthetics
      in Rhinology.

PMID- 19983685
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983686
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983688
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983687
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983689
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983690
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983691
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON "THE POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE.".

PMID- 19983693
TI  - Sections of Surgery, of Medicine, and of Therapeutics and Pharmacology:
      Discussion on "The Treatment of Severe Gastric and Duodenal Haemorrhage.".

PMID- 19983692
TI  - Section of Medicine, Section of Pathology, and Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology, Joint Meeting: Discussion on "The Uses and Limits of Vaccine
      Therapy.".

PMID- 19983694
TI  - Section of Medicine and Section of Surgery, Joint Meeting: Discussion on "The
      Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.".

PMID- 19983696
TI  - Sections of Medicine, Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otology, Joint Meeting:
      Discussion on Vertigo.

PMID- 19983695
TI  - Sections of Medicine, Neurology, Obstetrics, Psychiatry and Surgery: Discussion
      on Post-Operative and Puerperal Mental Disorder.

PMID- 19983698
TI  - Section of Laryngology and Section of Otology, Combined Summer Meeting.

PMID- 19983697
TI  - Sections of Study of Disease in Children, Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
      and Orthopaedics: Discussion on "Birth Injuries, with Special Reference to
      Intracranial Injuries with Haemorrhage, and to Nerve Injuries.".

PMID- 19983699
TI  - Notes on Fourteen Cases of Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx, with Lantern
      Demonstration of the Pathological Anatomy.

PMID- 19983701
TI  - Case of Functional Aphonia, Voice restored by application of Negus's Hand
      pressure and Barany's Noise Machine.

PMID- 19983700
TI  - Fibro-lipoma of Larynx.

PMID- 19983702
TI  - Fibro-sarcoma of Soft Palate, treated by Radium.

PMID- 19983703
TI  - Dr. Haslinger's Directoscope with Demonstration.

PMID- 19983704
TI  - Tuberculosis of Nasal Bones.

PMID- 19983705
TI  - Injury to Lingual Nerves in Guillotine Removal of the Tonsil.

PMID- 19983706
TI  - Defect in the Vomerine Part of the Nasal Septum Associated with Bifid Uvula.

PMID- 19983707
TI  - Nasal Septum Clamps.

PMID- 19983709
TI  - A Case of Enlarged Tonsils complicated by a Venous Naevus of the Palate.

PMID- 19983708
TI  - Tumour of the Larynx.

PMID- 19983710
TI  - A Case of Frontal Sinus Empyema with an unusual position for a Fistula.

PMID- 19983711
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983712
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983713
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983714
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983715
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983717
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983716
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983718
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983719
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983720
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983722
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983721
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983723
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983724
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983725
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983726
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983727
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983728
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COCAINE SUBSTITUTES.".

PMID- 19983729
TI  - Extensive Bony Growth of the Nasal Septum in a Woman 46 years of age.

PMID- 19983730
TI  - Specimen of Extreme Metaplasia of Middle Turbinal.

PMID- 19983731
TI  - Specimen, Section and Drawing of a Case of Mycosis Fungoides involving Pharynx
      and Larynx.

PMID- 19983732
TI  - Foreign Body removed from Right Bronchus.

PMID- 19983733
TI  - Dilatation of the Lower End of the OEsophagus, Secondary to Hiatal OEsophagismus,
      cured by the Mercury Bougie.

PMID- 19983734
TI  - Slide showing Section of a Gland removed from a man with Chronic Laryngitis and
      an Enlarged Gland in the Neck.

PMID- 19983735
TI  - Case of Extensive Thickening beginning in the Ventricular Bands and covering both
      Cords.

PMID- 19983736
TI  - Silver Tracheotomy Tube, shown to illustrate the average life of such an
      Instrument.

PMID- 19983737
TI  - Angiomata of Palate.

PMID- 19983738
TI  - Case of Extensive Intrinsic Carcinoma of the Larynx in a Young Female Patient,
      treated by complete Laryngectomy.

PMID- 19983739
TI  - Ulceration of Left Vocal Cord (?) Epithelioma.

PMID- 19983741
TI  - Case for Discussion.

PMID- 19983740
TI  - Case of Ulcer of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19983742
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Tuberculosis in a Child aged 4(1/2) years.

PMID- 19983743
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of Vocal Cord, treated by Thyrotomy.

PMID- 19983744
TI  - Case of Tracheal Stridor from Pressure.

PMID- 19983745
TI  - Case of Extensive Lupus of the Upper Air Passages treated by Radium.

PMID- 19983746
TI  - Tumour of the Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19983748
TI  - Tumour in the Posterior Wall of the Pharynx.

PMID- 19983747
TI  - Tumour on Right Side of Larynx.

PMID- 19983749
TI  - (?) Carcinoma of Anterior Portion of Floor of Mouth with another quite separate
      Growth (? Carcinoma) in the Larynx.

PMID- 19983750
TI  - Laryngeal Growth (? Cyst).

PMID- 19983751
TI  - Case of Distortion of the Larynx producing Tracheal Obstruction due to
      Cicatricial Contraction following an Abscess.

PMID- 19983752
TI  - Microscopical Section from the Epiglottis of a Middle-aged Male Patient, with
      Supposed Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19983754
TI  - Specimen Demonstrating an Ivory Exostosis of the Floor of the Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19983753
TI  - Diathermy removal of Epithelioma of Left Tonsil, Soft Palate, Faucial Pillars and
      Tongue.

PMID- 19983755
TI  - Case of Suppurating Frontal Sinus treated by External Operation.

PMID- 19983756
TI  - Case of Localized Ethmoidal Suppuration operated upon by the Sluder Method of
      opening the Ethmoid and Sphenoid intranasally.

PMID- 19983757
TI  - Fibrous Osteoma simulating Mucocele of Frontal Sinus and Ethmoid.

PMID- 19983758
TI  - Two Cases of Sinus Disease treated by the External Operation.

PMID- 19983759
TI  - Osteoma causing Mucocele of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19983760
TI  - Case of Acute Sinus Disease in a Child of Five, involving the Ethmoid and Antrum.

PMID- 19983761
TI  - Case of Sinus Disease with Inflammation of Supra-orbital Nerve.

PMID- 19983762
TI  - Ethmoidal Exostosis.

PMID- 19983763
TI  - Revolver Projectile impacted in the Ethmoid.

PMID- 19983764
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983765
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983767
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983766
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983768
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983769
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983770
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983772
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983771
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983773
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983775
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983774
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983776
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983777
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL AND SPHENOIDAL
      SINUSES.

PMID- 19983778
TI  - Case of Sarcoma, originating in the Alveolus.

PMID- 19983779
TI  - Case of Double Nose.

PMID- 19983780
TI  - Case of Carcinoma on Right Side of Tongue.

PMID- 19983781
TI  - Case of Occlusion of the Left Choana.

PMID- 19983783
TI  - Case of Lupus of the Palate and Face successfully treated by Artificial Light
      Baths.

PMID- 19983782
TI  - Second Case of Lupus of Upper Air Passages treated by Radium.

PMID- 19983785
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Cranio-tabes, simulating Frontal Sinus Disease.

PMID- 19983784
TI  - Removal of Thyro-Glossal Duct and Fistula; Ten Years after Operation.

PMID- 19983786
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of Maxilla cured (?) by Radium and Diathermy combined.

PMID- 19983787
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983788
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19983789
TI  - Haematemesis "Without Lesions".

PMID- 19983791
TI  - President's Address: The Pathogenesis of Cerebral Diplegia.

PMID- 19983790
TI  - The Clinical Interpretation of Fever.

PMID- 19983793
TI  - Pyknolepsy; A form of Epilepsy in Children, with a good Prognosis.

PMID- 19983792
TI  - Pathological Findings in the Central Nervous System in a Case of Myasthenia
      Gravis.

PMID- 19983794
TI  - Case of ? Myopathy Confined to the Face.

PMID- 19983795
TI  - A Case of Myotonia Atrophica.

PMID- 19983796
TI  - Case of Tumour of the Acoustic Nerve.

PMID- 19983797
TI  - Case of Friedreich's Ataxia with Double Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19983798
TI  - Symptoms following ? Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19983799
TI  - Hyperidrosis in Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19983800
TI  - Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

PMID- 19983801
TI  - Case of Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19983802
TI  - Case of an Adult Cretin.

PMID- 19983804
TI  - Case of ? Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19983803
TI  - Case of Total Unilateral Ophthalmoplegia with Foot-Drop.

PMID- 19983805
TI  - Case of Progressive Lenticular Degeneration and Hepatic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19983806
TI  - Case of Muscular Atrophy, resembling the Peroneal Type of Charcot, Marie and
      Tooth, in a Woman, commencing at the age of 46.

PMID- 19983807
TI  - Case of Juvenile Tabes with Nystagmus, Dysarthria and Head-rolling.

PMID- 19983809
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983808
TI  - Spontaneous Sub-arachnoid Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19983810
TI  - Case of Progressive Muscular Atrophy following Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19983811
TI  - Case of Syphilitic Amyotrophy (? Congenital Lues).

PMID- 19983812
TI  - Case showing Spasm of the Muscles of the Face.

PMID- 19983813
TI  - Case of Acromegaly and Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19983814
TI  - A Case of Parkinsonian Syndrome with Argyll-Robertson Pupils and Positive
      Wassermann Reaction. Disappearance of Tremor after Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19983815
TI  - Case of Very Slow Growing Endothelioma removed by Operation.

PMID- 19983816
TI  - Case of Central Gliosis of Spinal Cord ?

PMID- 19983817
TI  - Case of Pontine Lesion of Traumatic Origin with Alternate Paralysis
      (approximating to but distinct from Millard-Gubler-Foville Syndrome).

PMID- 19983818
TI  - Case of Bilateral Facial Paralysis apparently of Traumatic Origin.

PMID- 19983819
TI  - Case of Cerebro Macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19983820
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19983821
TI  - Case of Progressive Muscular Atrophy (?) occurring Forty-two Years after
      Infantile Paralysis.

PMID- 19983822
TI  - Two Cases of Cerebro-Macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19983823
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983824
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983825
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983826
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983828
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983827
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983829
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983831
TI  - A Case of Adenomyoma in a Maldeveloped Uterus.

PMID- 19983830
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL AND SPINAL
      TUMOURS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND LIPIODOL INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19983832
TI  - A Case of Diabetes Mellitus complicated by Pregnancy, treated with Insulin.

PMID- 19983833
TI  - Presacral Tumours of Congenital Origin.

PMID- 19983834
TI  - Wounds of the Gravid and Non-Gravid Uterus; A Study of Uterine Scars.

PMID- 19983835
TI  - Histological Studies of Various Uterine Scars.

PMID- 19983836
TI  - A Case in which over 3 ft. of Small Intestine were dragged out through a
      Perforation in the Uterus.

PMID- 19983837
TI  - Observations made at "Repeat" Caesarean Sections on the Uterine Scar (a) where
      the Previous Incision had been made through the Upper Contractile Part of the
      Uterus and (b) where the Previous Incision had been made through the Lower Non
      Contractile Part or Lower Uterine Segment.

PMID- 19983838
TI  - The Treatment of Eclampsia: An Improved Conservation Method.

PMID- 19983839
TI  - Venous Infarction in a Foetal Liver.

PMID- 19983840
TI  - Placenta Praevia in Four Successive Pregnancies.

PMID- 19983841
TI  - Three Cases of Pregnancy, with extravasation of Blood associated with
      Albuminuria.

PMID- 19983842
TI  - The Relation between certain Abnormal States of the Female Generative Organs and
      Symptoms Ordinarily Considered the Province of the Physician.

PMID- 19983843
TI  - Pedunculated Endothelioma of the Vulva.

PMID- 19983844
TI  - Small Ovarian Cyst showing Papilliferous Growths in an Early Stage.

PMID- 19983845
TI  - Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19983846
TI  - Ruptured Caesarean Section Scar.

PMID- 19983848
TI  - Radiography of the Foetus in Utero.

PMID- 19983847
TI  - A Case of Cyst Development in an Ovarian Graft.

PMID- 19983849
TI  - A Case of Inversion of the Uterus with Squamous-celled Carcinoma of the Fundus.

PMID- 19983850
TI  - Radiography of the Foetus in Utero.

PMID- 19983851
TI  - X-Ray Demonstration of Foetus in Utero.

PMID- 19983852
TI  - Normal Pregnancy after Operations for Ectopic Pregnancy on both Fallopian Tubes.

PMID- 19983853
TI  - A Case of Chorion-Epithelioma.

PMID- 19983854
TI  - Dysmenorrhoea due to Haematometra in the Rudimentary Horn of a Uterus Bicornis
      Unicollis.

PMID- 19983855
TI  - Some Chemical Observations on the Toxaemias of Pregnancy, with Special Reference
      to Hepatic Function.

PMID- 19983856
TI  - Specimen of a Double Uterus, with both Horns maldeveloped.

PMID- 19983857
TI  - Carcinoma of the Uterus and Associated Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19983859
TI  - The Causes of Acute Infections of the Uterus, including Puerperal Sepsis, and
      Septic Miscarriages, and their Treatment by Drainage.

PMID- 19983858
TI  - A Case of Pemphigus in Mother and Child associated with Uterine Sepsis.

PMID- 19983860
TI  - Sarcoma of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19983861
TI  - Changes in the Polarity of the Foetus during the later weeks of pregnancy.

PMID- 19983862
TI  - The Treatment of Puerperal Sepsis by Quinine Injections. (A New Method
      Illustrated by Charts).

PMID- 19983864
TI  - President's Address; Modern Improvements in Mechanical Dentistry.

PMID- 19983863
TI  - The Effect of Pregnancy on a Patient with Renal Glycosuria.

PMID- 19983865
TI  - Caries of the Teeth in Old-world Monkeys.

PMID- 19983866
TI  - Dermoid and Dentigerous Cysts in Animals.

PMID- 19983867
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983868
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983869
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983870
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983871
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983872
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983873
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983874
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983875
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983877
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983876
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983878
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983879
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983880
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983881
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYORRHOEA: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

PMID- 19983883
TI  - Haemorrhage following Tooth Extraction.

PMID- 19983882
TI  - The Nerve Supply of the Dentine.

PMID- 19983885
TI  - A Compound Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19983884
TI  - A Compound Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19983886
TI  - The Clinical Aspect of the Care of Children's Teeth.

PMID- 19983888
TI  - The Non-innervation of Dentine.

PMID- 19983887
TI  - Interesting Case of Rarefying Periodontitis.

PMID- 19983889
TI  - A (?) Dermoid Cyst of the Mandible.

PMID- 19983890
TI  - Ultra-violet Radiations: Their Uses and Limitations.

PMID- 19983891
TI  - A Dentigerous Cyst Apparently Associated with a Supernumerary Tooth.

PMID- 19983892
TI  - The Ear as Morphologically an Apparatus for Perceiving Depth below Sea-level: An
      Explanation of the close Anatomical Association of Cochlea and Vestibule.

PMID- 19983893
TI  - Congenital Deafness in a Dog.

PMID- 19983894
TI  - Otoliths of Fishes.

PMID- 19983895
TI  - Case Illustrating Digital Compression of the Vertebral Arteries for Pulsating
      Tinnitus.

PMID- 19983896
TI  - Case of Lupus of the Lobule.

PMID- 19983897
TI  - Case of Meningitis which recovered without Translabyrinthine Drainage.

PMID- 19983898
TI  - Radical Mastoid Operation without Grafting or Meatal Plastic (Barany).

PMID- 19983899
TI  - Simulation of Malignant Disease of the Middle Ear by Cholesteatoma with
      Fibromatous Changes.

PMID- 19983900
TI  - The Work of Sherrington on the Physiology of Posture.

PMID- 19983901
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, treated by Ionization.

PMID- 19983902
TI  - Case of Cerebral Abscess as a sequel to Acute Otitis Media, which had completely
      healed. Operation. Recovery.

PMID- 19983904
TI  - Three Cases of Injury to the Ear caused by Spirit Injection through the Face for
      Neuralgia; two to the Middle Ear and one to the Auditory Nerve.

PMID- 19983903
TI  - Facial Paralysis Associated with Actinomycosis, and Simulating a Bezold Mastoid
      Abscess.

PMID- 19983905
TI  - Case of Diabetes in which a Mastoid Operation was performed under Local
      Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19983906
TI  - Case of Mastoiditis-Peri-sinus Abscess-Meningitis-Pneumococcal Infection
      Recovery.

PMID- 19983907
TI  - Case of Mastoiditis and Double Peri-sinus Abscess with Left Cerebellar Abscess.
      Abscess Cavity sterilized by Zinc Ionization.

PMID- 19983909
TI  - Model Illustrating the Movements of the Otoliths.

PMID- 19983908
TI  - Case of Cerebellar Infection without Clinical Manifestation. Lateral Sinus
      Thrombosis. Removal of Sinus Walls.

PMID- 19983910
TI  - Complete Sequestrum of the Petrous Bone.

PMID- 19983911
TI  - The Surgical Treatment of Suppurative and Certain Non-Suppurative Affections of
      the Labyrinth.

PMID- 19983912
TI  - Experimental Physiology of the Labyrinth.

PMID- 19983913
TI  - A Case of Cerebral Abscess.

PMID- 19983914
TI  - A Specimen of a Chronic Abscess of the Pons arising from Middle Ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19983915
TI  - Case in which the Chorda Tympani (?) is Easily Visible.

PMID- 19983916
TI  - A Case of Extreme Unilateral Deafness to Sounds by Air but with Good Bone
      Conduction in the Affected Ear.

PMID- 19983917
TI  - Case of Radical Mastoid Operation performed before Plastic Methods were generally
      adopted.

PMID- 19983918
TI  - Case of Radical Mastoid Operation with Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess in which no
      Plastic Measures were practised.

PMID- 19983920
TI  - Case of Vertigo of Central Origin.

PMID- 19983919
TI  - Two Cases illustrating Trans-tubal Irrigation.

PMID- 19983921
TI  - A Thick Flap for the Partial Lining and Diminution of Too Large Mastoid Cavities.

PMID- 19983922
TI  - Radical Mastoidectomy-Persistent Discharge-Healing by means of Massive Flap.

PMID- 19983923
TI  - A Pair of Forceps for Use in Tonsillar Dissection.

PMID- 19983924
TI  - Case of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media of "Attic" Type. Cessation of Discharge
      after Removal of Outer Attic Wall by Electrolysis.

PMID- 19983925
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Temporal Bone in an Infant, not caused by Milk Infection.

PMID- 19983926
TI  - Another Modification of the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19983927
TI  - Case of Abscess of Lateral Sinus.

PMID- 19983928
TI  - Paralysis of the Sixth Cranial Nerve in a Patient suffering from Chronic
      Otorrhoea.

PMID- 19983929
TI  - Three Cases of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media treated by Ionization.

PMID- 19983930
TI  - Aural Surgery at a Fever Hospital.

PMID- 19983931
TI  - Case of Labyrinthine Vertigo due to Sphenoidal and Ethmoidal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19983932
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic Otorrhoea treated by Zinc Ionization.

PMID- 19983933
TI  - Tuberculosis of Nasal Septum and Middle Ear.

PMID- 19983934
TI  - The Meaning of Fever-Illustrated from Typhoid.

PMID- 19983935
TI  - A Critical Report on One Hundred Cases of Spinal Analgesia with Tropacocaine.

PMID- 19983936
TI  - A Surgeon's Thoughts on Anaesthetics.

PMID- 19983937
TI  - On the Narcotic Action of Purest Ether.

PMID- 19983938
TI  - The Preparation and Condensation of Di-methyl Ether, and its use as an
      Anaesthetic Agent.

PMID- 19983939
TI  - The Use of Chloroform and the Misuse of Ether.

PMID- 19983940
TI  - Recent Experiences of Anaesthetics in America.

PMID- 19983941
TI  - The Integration of Medicine: (President's Introductory Address).

PMID- 19983942
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NUTRITIONAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS.

PMID- 19983944
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NUTRITIONAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS.

PMID- 19983943
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NUTRITIONAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS.

PMID- 19983945
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NUTRITIONAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS.

PMID- 19983946
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NUTRITIONAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS.

PMID- 19983947
TI  - Cryptorchidism in Animals and Man.

PMID- 19983949
TI  - Demonstration of some of the Pathological Results of Helminthic Infections in
      Animals.

PMID- 19983948
TI  - The Pig and Human Disease.

PMID- 19983950
TI  - The Bull-dog Calf: A Contribution to the Study of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19983951
TI  - "Pestilence and Leechcraft in Ancient China".

PMID- 19983952
TI  - Refuse Disposal in Relation to the Enteric Group of Diseases.

PMID- 19983953
TI  - Analogies between Influenza of Horses and Influenza of Man.

PMID- 19983954
TI  - A Survey of the Mortality due to Childbearing in London from the Seventeenth
      Century.

PMID- 19983955
TI  - Note upon the Provision for Lying-in Women in London up to the middle of the
      Eighteenth Century.

PMID- 19983956
TI  - The Elucidation of Cancer.

PMID- 19983958
TI  - Assyrian Medical Texts.

PMID- 19983957
TI  - Some Considerations on the Use of Hydrogen Cyanide and Allied Substances with
      Special Reference to International Preventive Medicine.

PMID- 19983959
TI  - A Manuscript of the "Christianismi Restitutio" of Servetus, placing the Discovery
      of the Pulmonary Circulation Anterior to 1546.

PMID- 19983960
TI  - The British Medical Arrangements during the Waterloo Campaign.

PMID- 19983961
TI  - Egyptian Medicine under the Copts in the early centuries of the Christian Era.

PMID- 19983962
TI  - The "Hsi Yuan Lu" or "Instructions to Coroners".

PMID- 19983963
TI  - Persistent Swelling of Conjunctivae.

PMID- 19983964
TI  - Retinitis Pigmentosa (? Pseudo-).

PMID- 19983965
TI  - Case of Monocular Retinitis Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19983966
TI  - Tuberculous Conjunctivitis, with enlargement of the Pre-auricular Gland.

PMID- 19983967
TI  - Case of Associated Movements of Nose and Eyelids.

PMID- 19983968
TI  - A Pair of Diving Spectacles.

PMID- 19983969
TI  - A Preliminary Report on the Treatment of Interstitial Keratitis.

PMID- 19983970
TI  - Case of Epibulbar Growth.

PMID- 19983971
TI  - Case of Injury of Right Upper Lid (Traumatic Ptosis).

PMID- 19983972
TI  - Congenital Abnormalities.

PMID- 19983973
TI  - Cases of Exudative Retinitis.

PMID- 19983974
TI  - Case of Exudative Retinitis.

PMID- 19983975
TI  - Case of Exudative Retinitis.

PMID- 19983976
TI  - Specimen from a Case of (?) Orbital Growth.

PMID- 19983977
TI  - A Case of Late Sympathetic Ophthalmia.

PMID- 19983978
TI  - Case of Epibulbar Melanotic Sarcoma.

PMID- 19983979
TI  - Case of Traumatic Arterio-venous Lesion of the Orbit.

PMID- 19983980
TI  - The Practical Value of the Slit-Lamp.

PMID- 19983981
TI  - A Modification of the Usual Method of removing the Lens in the Extraction of
      Senile Cataract.

PMID- 19983982
TI  - Case of Traumatic Luxatio Bulbi; Birth Injury, Forceps Delivery.

PMID- 19983983
TI  - A Modification of the Usual Method of "Needling" the Lens Capsule after Cataract
      Extraction.

PMID- 19983984
TI  - Classification of Diseases of the Choroid.

PMID- 19983986
TI  - Case of Spleno-medullary Leukaemia (with Blood Films).

PMID- 19983985
TI  - Four Cases of Cerebro-macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19983987
TI  - Two Cases of Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19983988
TI  - Two Cases of Optic Atrophy in Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19983989
TI  - Paresis of the Internal Recti in Lateral Movement of the Eyes.

PMID- 19983991
TI  - Case of Cervical Sympathetic Lesion of Central Origin; (2) Case of Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19983990
TI  - Orbital Tumour in an Infant, with Metastases in the Skin.

PMID- 19983992
TI  - Case of Gumma of Choroid.

PMID- 19983993
TI  - Case of Retro-ocular Tumour.

PMID- 19983994
TI  - Case of Benedict's Syndrome.

PMID- 19983995
TI  - Muscle Recession for Strabismus.

PMID- 19983996
TI  - Bone-free Radiographs: an Advance in the Photography of Small Fragments in the
      Eye.

PMID- 19983997
TI  - President's Address: Manipulative Surgery.

PMID- 19983998
TI  - Fracture with Dislocation of the Lower Third of the Right Radius.

PMID- 19983999
TI  - Case of Tendon Transplantation.

PMID- 19984000
TI  - Case of Recurrent Dislocation of the Inner End of the Right Clavicle.

PMID- 19984001
TI  - Tendon Fixation for Foot-drop.

PMID- 19984002
TI  - A New Type of Bone-graft for Sacro-iliac Arthritis.

PMID- 19984003
TI  - Case of Patchy Gangrene of the Toes due to Vasomotor Injury.

PMID- 19984004
TI  - Case of Cyst of Humerus with Fracture.

PMID- 19984005
TI  - Case of Maternal Obstetrical Paralysis.

PMID- 19984006
TI  - Case of Snapping Knee.

PMID- 19984007
TI  - Case of Congenital Dislocation of the Right Radius.

PMID- 19984008
TI  - Transplant of the Palmaris Longus into the First Metacarpal.

PMID- 19984010
TI  - Case of Congenital Subluxation of Both Hips.

PMID- 19984009
TI  - Two Cases of Absence of the Fibula.

PMID- 19984011
TI  - Case of Rheumatic Fever affecting a Paralysed Limb.

PMID- 19984012
TI  - Case of Spastic Paraplegia.

PMID- 19984013
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984014
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984015
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984016
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984018
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984017
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984020
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984019
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984021
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984023
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984022
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS TRAUMATICA.

PMID- 19984025
TI  - Case of Forward Dislocation of the Ankle-joint.

PMID- 19984024
TI  - The Principles of Early Active Movement as Applied to the Treatment of Fractures
      of the Upper Extremity.

PMID- 19984026
TI  - Case of Congenital Deformity of Dorsal and Cervical Vertebrae.

PMID- 19984027
TI  - An Unusual Case of Snapping Hip.

PMID- 19984028
TI  - Case of Abnormal Gait Apparently Functional.

PMID- 19984029
TI  - A Condition of Right-sided Hemiplegia in each of Similar Twins.

PMID- 19984031
TI  - Treatment of Fractured Clavicle by Sayre's Method Resulting in Paresis.

PMID- 19984030
TI  - Bony Ankylosis of Elbow at 125 degrees , and with Forearm Pronated.

PMID- 19984032
TI  - Specimen of Congenital Absence of the Sacrum.

PMID- 19984033
TI  - Case of Multiple Congenital Deformities (shown a year previously, February,
      1923).

PMID- 19984034
TI  - Case of Deformity of the Spine of the Tibia.

PMID- 19984036
TI  - Case of Polio-myelitis.

PMID- 19984035
TI  - Case of Pseudo-coxalgia following Traumatic Dislocation in a Boy.

PMID- 19984037
TI  - A Curious Case of Congenital Spastic Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19984038
TI  - Case of Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19984039
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984040
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984041
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984042
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984043
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984044
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984045
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984046
TI  - Case of Infantile Paralysis with Calcaneo-cavus Deformity, showing the Result of
      a Combination of Steindler's and Whitman's Operation.

PMID- 19984047
TI  - Case of Infantile Paralysis with Calcaneo-cavus Deformity, showing the Result of
      Whitman's Operation Ten Years after Operation.

PMID- 19984048
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE OF HIP
      JOINT.

PMID- 19984049
TI  - Case of Polyarthritis with Ankylosis of all Joints except Elbows and Shoulders.

PMID- 19984050
TI  - Bilateral Cervical Ribs in a Child.

PMID- 19984051
TI  - Bilateral Subluxation of the Temporo-maxillary Joints.

PMID- 19984052
TI  - Paget's Disease-Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19984053
TI  - Case of Left Unilateral complete Absence of the Tibia.

PMID- 19984054
TI  - Three Cases of Myositis.

PMID- 19984055
TI  - President's Address: Some Problems of the Future.

PMID- 19984057
TI  - The Physical Basis of Emotional Disorder.

PMID- 19984056
TI  - The Treatment of General Paralysis of the Insane by Malaria.

PMID- 19984058
TI  - The Relation of Alcoholism to Insanity and to Crime.

PMID- 19984059
TI  - Case of Hemi-hypertrophy, Traced for Eighteen and a Half Years.

PMID- 19984060
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Paroxysmal Tachycardia in an Infant, aged 9 weeks.

PMID- 19984061
TI  - Case of Chronic Nephritis simulating Diabetes Insipidus in a Child.

PMID- 19984062
TI  - Some Suggestions concerning the Medical Statistics of Children.

PMID- 19984063
TI  - Case of Juvenile Tabes Dorsalis in a Girl aged 10 Years.

PMID- 19984064
TI  - Case of Early Friedreich's Ataxia (Shown for Comparison with the Case of Juvenile
      Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19984065
TI  - Specimen of the Spleen from a Case of Gaucher Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19984066
TI  - Case of Fragilitas Ossium with Blue Sclerotics.

PMID- 19984067
TI  - A Case of Anaemia in a Premature Infant treated by Intraperitoneal Injection of
      Blood.

PMID- 19984068
TI  - A Child in whom the Sex has not yet been determined.

PMID- 19984069
TI  - Choreiform Movements Persisting for Four Years.

PMID- 19984070
TI  - Case of (?) Sarcoma of Back.

PMID- 19984071
TI  - Case of Renal Insufficiency in an Infant.

PMID- 19984072
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984073
TI  - Demonstration of Cases : (1) Chronic Remittent Ophthalmoplegia (Oppenheim)
      Oculomotor Migraine (Charcot) in an Infant.

PMID- 19984074
TI  - Case of Congenital Bilateral Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19984075
TI  - Case of Congenital Unilateral Dilatation of the Ureter, ending Fatally.

PMID- 19984076
TI  - A Case of Progressive Lipodystrophia in a Boy aged 7(1/2) Years.

PMID- 19984077
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ENURESIS.

PMID- 19984078
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ENURESIS.

PMID- 19984079
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ENURESIS.

PMID- 19984080
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ENURESIS.

PMID- 19984081
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ENURESIS.

PMID- 19984082
TI  - Herpes Recurrens.

PMID- 19984084
TI  - Case of Sclerema.

PMID- 19984083
TI  - Specimen of Hair-ball of the Stomach.

PMID- 19984085
TI  - Case of Transplantation of the Rectus for Incontinence due to Epispadias.

PMID- 19984086
TI  - Case of Death from Uraemia due to Interstitial Nephritis (? of Congenital
      Origin): Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19984087
TI  - The Use of X-rays in the Diagnosis of Congenital Pyloric Stenosis.

PMID- 19984089
TI  - Case of Precocious Puberty.

PMID- 19984088
TI  - Case of Myelogenous Leukaemia associated with Priapism.

PMID- 19984090
TI  - Case of Lymphangioma of the Foot.

PMID- 19984091
TI  - Case of Progressive Neural Muscular Atrophy (Peroneal or Charcot-Marie-Tooth
      type) in which the Upper Limbs are also affected.

PMID- 19984092
TI  - President's Address: Certain Problems which concern Intestinal Infection and the
      Intestinal Flora.

PMID- 19984093
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984094
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984095
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984096
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984098
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984097
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984099
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984100
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984101
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984103
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984102
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984105
TI  - A Small Outbreak of Dysentery associated with an Unusual Bacillus.

PMID- 19984104
TI  - DISCUSS ON ON SPRUE AND COELIAC DISEASE.

PMID- 19984106
TI  - Schistosomiasis in China: Biological and Practical Aspects.

PMID- 19984107
TI  - Case of Actinomycosis of the Parotid Region, from Teheran.

PMID- 19984108
TI  - Case of Filaria without Clinical Symptoms: Embryos of F. perstans in the Blood.

PMID- 19984109
TI  - Researches on Blackwater Fever in Southern Rhodesia during the Years 1922 and
      1923.

PMID- 19984110
TI  - A Note on the Employment of Fasciola hepatica as an Antigen for the Serum
      Diagnosis of Bilharziasis.

PMID- 19984111
TI  - Rice in Relation to Beri-beri in India.

PMID- 19984113
TI  - DEMONSTRATIONS.

PMID- 19984112
TI  - A Case of Infestation of Human Liver with Hepaticola hepatica (Bancroft, 1893),
      Hall, 1916; with Sections from the Liver.

PMID- 19984114
TI  - Orchid Mycorrhiza.

PMID- 19984116
TI  - Case of Asiatic Schistosomiasis.

PMID- 19984115
TI  - Some Points in the Life-histories of Yeasts.

PMID- 19984117
TI  - President's Address: The Influence of the Endocrines on the Work of the Kidneys.

PMID- 19984119
TI  - Case of Cyst of the Prostate.

PMID- 19984118
TI  - The Mechanism of Prostatic Obstruction.

PMID- 19984120
TI  - A Perirenal Lipoma, with (?) Myxo-sarcomatous Changes in one portion.

PMID- 19984121
TI  - Cholesterin Stones, (?) Gall-stones, Removed from the Urinary Bladder.

PMID- 19984122
TI  - Retro-Peritoneal Tumour (Suprarenal Adenoma).

PMID- 19984124
TI  - Retro-peritoneal Urinary Cysts resulting from Injury to Ureter.

PMID- 19984123
TI  - Congenital Atrophy of Left Kidney.

PMID- 19984125
TI  - Two Tubercular Kidneys.

PMID- 19984126
TI  - Sarcoma of Urinary Bladder, removed from Male, aged 37.

PMID- 19984127
TI  - Subcapsular Haemorrhage (Renal).

PMID- 19984128
TI  - Sub-parietal Injury of the Kidney; with Notes on Forty-two Cases.

PMID- 19984129
TI  - The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Prostate.

PMID- 19984130
TI  - The Cholesterol Content of the Blood in Relation to Genito-urinary Sepsis.

PMID- 19984131
TI  - Operation Specimens.

PMID- 19984132
TI  - Specimen of a Kidney removed Five Months after Decapsulation.

PMID- 19984133
TI  - Spicate Oxalate Renal Calculi.

PMID- 19984134
TI  - Nephrostomy of Solitary Functional Kidney of Nine Years' Duration.

PMID- 19984135
TI  - Four specimens Illustrating the Removal of Testicle, Vas and Seminal Vesicle, "en
      bloc," for Tuberculous Disease.

PMID- 19984136
TI  - Lipoid Speckling of the Renal Cortex-the so-called "Myelin Kidney".

PMID- 19984137
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POLYCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS.

PMID- 19984138
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POLYCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS.

PMID- 19984139
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POLYCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS.

PMID- 19984140
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POLYCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS.

PMID- 19984141
TI  - Discussion on the Surgery of the Hepatic and Common Bile-ducts.

PMID- 19984142
TI  - Stones in the Common and Hepatic Ducts.

PMID- 19984143
TI  - Injury to the Common Bile-duct and the Technique of Operations on the Ducts.

PMID- 19984144
TI  - Reconstruction of the Ducts.

PMID- 19984145
TI  - President's Address: The Causes of Intestinal Disease.

PMID- 19984147
TI  - Three Specimens of "Atonic Caecum," removed by Operation.

PMID- 19984146
TI  - Case of Resection of the Transverse Colon and part of the Ileum for Growth.

PMID- 19984148
TI  - President's Address: Cystic Pneumatosis of the Intestinal Tract.

PMID- 19984149
TI  - Treatment of Recurrent Lesions of the Semilunar Cartilages of the Knee-joint,
      with special reference to Manipulation.

PMID- 19984150
TI  - A Scientific Method for Removing Metallic Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19984151
TI  - A Case of Carcinoma of the Rectum treated by Local Resection by the Coccygeal
      Route, after Colostomy, in a Patient aged 72. Subsequent Closure of Colostomy
      with Complete Restoration of Rectal Function.

PMID- 19984152
TI  - A Case of Streptococcal Ulcerative Colitis cured by Serum and Vaccine Treatment.

PMID- 19984153
TI  - Specimen of Melanotic Sarcoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19984155
TI  - Specimen of Rectal Polyp removed from Boy, aged 11 Years.

PMID- 19984154
TI  - Specimen of Villous Tumour of Rectum Undergoing Carcinomatous Changes.

PMID- 19984156
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION: Pathological Changes
      produced by Carbolic Acid Injections and Mode of Action of Carbolic Acid.

PMID- 19984157
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984158
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984160
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984159
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984161
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984163
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984162
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984164
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984165
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY INJECTION.

PMID- 19984166
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984167
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984168
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984169
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984171
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984170
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984172
TI  - The Recurrence of Symptoms after Operation on the Common Ducts.

PMID- 19984173
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19984174
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19984175
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRURITUS ANI.

PMID- 19984176
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984177
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984178
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984179
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984180
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984181
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984182
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984183
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984184
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984185
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984186
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984187
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984189
TI  - Hypernephroma of Spleen from a Female, Unmarried, aged 45.

PMID- 19984188
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19984191
TI  - Lymphoma in Vermiform Appendix.

PMID- 19984190
TI  - An Appendix Epiploica.

PMID- 19984192
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma.

PMID- 19984193
TI  - Teratoma Testis; Two Specimens.

PMID- 19984194
TI  - Excision of Body of Pancreas; Specimen Shown.

PMID- 19984195
TI  - Aneurysm of Popliteal Artery.

PMID- 19984197
TI  - Stomach and First Part of Duodenum from Case of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
      removed Seventeen Days after Rammstedt's Operation.

PMID- 19984196
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma Testis.

PMID- 19984198
TI  - Stomach and Intestines from a Case of Congenital Obstruction of the Third Part of
      the Duodenum.

PMID- 19984200
TI  - Specimen of Leio-Myo-Sarcoma of Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19984199
TI  - Specimen of Scirrhous Carcinoma of Stomach (Localized Leather-bottle type).

PMID- 19984202
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE USE OF INSULIN IN GENERAL PRACTICE.".

PMID- 19984201
TI  - Specimen from Case of Adenoma of Thyroid.

PMID- 19984204
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE USE OF INSULIN IN GENERAL PRACTICE.".

PMID- 19984203
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE USE OF INSULIN IN GENERAL PRACTICE.".

PMID- 19984205
TI  - Some Aspects of Cardiac Dyspnoea; a Review.

PMID- 19984206
TI  - Bronchial Asthma in Relation to Climate.

PMID- 19984207
TI  - Clinical Experience with Powdered Leaves of Digitalis.

PMID- 19984208
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE USE OF INSULIN IN GENERAL PRACTICE.".

PMID- 19984209
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "THE USE OF INSULIN IN GENERAL PRACTICE.".

PMID- 19984210
TI  - The Present-day Trend of Treatment of Gonorrhoea, with Special Reference to
      Cataphoretic Application of Colloid Silver.

PMID- 19984211
TI  - An Inquiry into the Causes underlying the Mosquito Nuisance in the Alverstoke
      (Hants) District and the Initiation of Measures of Control.

PMID- 19984212
TI  - Bismuth in the Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19984214
TI  - Psychomotor Responses in Relation to Flying.

PMID- 19984213
TI  - The Recent Trend of Military Hygiene.

PMID- 19984215
TI  - President's Address: The Use of the Aeroplane in the Medical Services in War.

PMID- 19984217
TI  - Clinical Types of So-called Multiple Infective Arthritis.

PMID- 19984216
TI  - Presidential Address: The Principles of Spa Treatment in Great Britain.

PMID- 19984218
TI  - The Climate of Brighton.

PMID- 19984219
TI  - Two Cases of Persistent Paralysis of One Vocal Cord from a Tubercular Lesion
      involving the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.

PMID- 19984220
TI  - A Case of Cutaneous Neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's Disease) with a Left
      Lateral (Suprazygomatic) Meningocele, simulating a Soft Fibromatous Fold of Skin.

PMID- 19984221
TI  - Case of Aortic Aneurysm (Intrapericardial).

PMID- 19984222
TI  - Case of Complete Heart-block.

PMID- 19984223
TI  - A Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984224
TI  - Case of Abscess of Lung treated by Bronchoscopic Aspiration and Lavage.

PMID- 19984225
TI  - Case of Incessant Paroxysmal Tachycardia in a Child.

PMID- 19984227
TI  - Case of Pericarditis with Slight Adhesions.

PMID- 19984226
TI  - A Case of Cirsoid Aneurysm.

PMID- 19984228
TI  - Case of Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19984230
TI  - Case of Aneurysm of Transverse Aorta, Innominate and Subclavian Arteries.

PMID- 19984229
TI  - Case of Purpura Haemorrhagica.

PMID- 19984232
TI  - Case of Acromegaly.

PMID- 19984231
TI  - New Growth of Lung (?).

PMID- 19984233
TI  - Case of Frohlich's Disease (Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis).

PMID- 19984235
TI  - Case of Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis.

PMID- 19984234
TI  - Case of Hyperpituitarism.

PMID- 19984236
TI  - A Developmental Deformity of the Right Forearm, similar to that sometimes met
      with in cases of Multiple Exostoses ("Diaphysial Aclasis" of Keith).

PMID- 19984237
TI  - Case of Hypertrophy of the Breasts.

PMID- 19984238
TI  - Case of "The Hairy, Black Tongue" (Nigrities-Hyperkeratosis Linguae).

PMID- 19984240
TI  - Absence of Anus: Rectum Opening into Posterior Vaginal Wall.

PMID- 19984239
TI  - Case of Diabetes Insipidus and Acquired Infantilism.

PMID- 19984241
TI  - Case of Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19984242
TI  - Case of Chorea.

PMID- 19984243
TI  - A Case of Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19984244
TI  - Large Ulcerating Carcinoma of the Breast-Diagnosed as Sarcoma.

PMID- 19984245
TI  - Case of Multiple Exostoses and Osteochondromata.

PMID- 19984246
TI  - Secondary Carcinoma of the Fourth Rib.

PMID- 19984248
TI  - A Case of Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans of Twenty-two Years' Duration.

PMID- 19984247
TI  - Case of "Polycythaemia Hypertonica".

PMID- 19984250
TI  - A Case of Arterio-venous Aneurysm of the Neck, with Homolateral Paralysis of the
      Cervical Sympathetic Nerve and Contralateral Hemiplegia with Aphasia.

PMID- 19984249
TI  - Case of Aneurysm occurring eight years after Gunshot Wound.

PMID- 19984251
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984252
TI  - Case of True Congenital Thyroglossal Fistula.

PMID- 19984253
TI  - Case of Sub-hyoid Thyroglossal Cyst.

PMID- 19984255
TI  - Psoriasis and Seborrhoeic Eczema: Pathological Anatomy and Diagnostic Histology
      of the Two Dermatoses.

PMID- 19984254
TI  - Case showing an Unusual Variety of Repeated Seizures.

PMID- 19984256
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Sarcoid).

PMID- 19984257
TI  - Case of Arsenical Dermatitis with Multiple Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19984258
TI  - Case of Multiple Basal-celled Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19984259
TI  - Case of Parapsoriasis.

PMID- 19984260
TI  - Case of Diabetic Xanthoma treated with a Sulphur Compound of Histidine (Thiol
      amino-methyl-glycoxaline).

PMID- 19984261
TI  - Case of Leprosy.

PMID- 19984262
TI  - Case of Morphoea Guttata.

PMID- 19984263
TI  - Xanthosis of Hands and Feet in Diabetes Mellitus ("Ochrodermatosis" of
      Castellani, "Xanthochromia Cutis" of French Authors).

PMID- 19984264
TI  - Case of Lymphatic Leukaemia with Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19984265
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19984266
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus and Arthritis treated by Saline Injections.

PMID- 19984267
TI  - Three Cases of Dermatitis due to the Internal Administration of Resin.

PMID- 19984268
TI  - Case of Lupus Pernio (Sarcoid-Schaumann Type) associated with ? Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19984269
TI  - Lichen Planus confined to the Mouth.

PMID- 19984270
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa (Five Cases).

PMID- 19984271
TI  - Case of Bilateral Symmetrical Atrophy. Pick's Erythromelie.

PMID- 19984272
TI  - Granulomatous Lesions of the Legs.

PMID- 19984273
TI  - A Case of late Congenital Syphilis of the Face.

PMID- 19984274
TI  - Case of Macular Non-anaesthetic Leprosy.

PMID- 19984275
TI  - Case of Erythema Circinatum.

PMID- 19984276
TI  - Naevus with Congenital Atrophic Lesions.

PMID- 19984277
TI  - Case of Erythema Circinatum.

PMID- 19984279
TI  - Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa without Mast Cells.

PMID- 19984278
TI  - Case of Leprosy.

PMID- 19984281
TI  - Case of Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19984280
TI  - Case of Erythema Nodosum.

PMID- 19984282
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19984284
TI  - Case of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19984283
TI  - Case of Lupus.

PMID- 19984285
TI  - Case of Tinea.

PMID- 19984286
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984287
TI  - Case of Periarticular Fibromata of the Skin.

PMID- 19984289
TI  - Case of Poradeno-lymphite or Lymphogranulomatose Inguinale Subaigue.

PMID- 19984288
TI  - Erythema Multiforme associated with Post-scarlatinal Nephritis.

PMID- 19984290
TI  - Case of Lichen Plano-pilaris.

PMID- 19984291
TI  - Case of Purpura Annularis Telangiectodes.

PMID- 19984292
TI  - A Case of Porokeratosis of the Leg.

PMID- 19984294
TI  - Case of Post-salvarsan Melanodermia.

PMID- 19984293
TI  - A Case of Melanotic Growth of the Temple exhibited to show Result of Excision and
      Grafting.

PMID- 19984295
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica.

PMID- 19984296
TI  - Extensive Vascular Naevus of Face, treated by Radium.

PMID- 19984297
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984298
TI  - Case of Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19984299
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis Cutis.

PMID- 19984300
TI  - Lichen Planus of Mouth and Lips.

PMID- 19984302
TI  - Widespread Streptothrix Infection.

PMID- 19984301
TI  - Case of Late Post-X-ray Pigmentation.

PMID- 19984303
TI  - Case of Lupus Pernio.

PMID- 19984304
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides of Fifteen Years' Duration.

PMID- 19984305
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19984307
TI  - Case of Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19984306
TI  - Case of Pseudo-Pelade associated with Lichen Plano-pilaris.

PMID- 19984308
TI  - Case of (?) Sarcoid.

PMID- 19984310
TI  - Scaly Eruption ? Syphilitic.

PMID- 19984309
TI  - Case of Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19984312
TI  - Case of Acute Sarcoids.

PMID- 19984311
TI  - Case Erythema Induratum (? Whitfield Type).

PMID- 19984313
TI  - Syphilitic ulcerating Granuloma of the Pudenda terminating with Amyloid Disease.

PMID- 19984314
TI  - Case of Erythematoid Benign Epithelioma.

PMID- 19984315
TI  - Case of Hemiatrophia Facialis of the Romberg Type.

PMID- 19984316
TI  - Schamberg's Disease, or Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19984317
TI  - Two Cases of Livedo Racemosa.

PMID- 19984318
TI  - Case of Recurrent Erysipelas.

PMID- 19984320
TI  - Case of Generalized Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19984319
TI  - Case of Vitiligo, with (formerly) Alopecia Areata and Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19984321
TI  - Case of Persistent Circinate Erythema.

PMID- 19984322
TI  - Lichen Obtusus.

PMID- 19984323
TI  - Case of Subcutaneous Nodules for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984324
TI  - Case of Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19984325
TI  - Case of Acne Varioliformis.

PMID- 19984326
TI  - Multiple Sarcoids.

PMID- 19984328
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra.

PMID- 19984327
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum Tumours in a Boy aged 19.

PMID- 19984330
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19984329
TI  - Bowen's Disease.

PMID- 19984331
TI  - Case of Leprosy.

PMID- 19984332
TI  - Cutaneous Xanthosis, especially of the Palms of the Hands in a Patient with Grave
      Diabetes Mellitus.

PMID- 19984333
TI  - Eight Cases of Lupus Vulgaris treated with Pyotropin.

PMID- 19984335
TI  - Dermatitis (? Artefacta).

PMID- 19984334
TI  - Case of Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex.

PMID- 19984336
TI  - Syphilitic Pseudo-elephantiasis.

PMID- 19984338
TI  - Case of Unusual Pigmentation.

PMID- 19984337
TI  - Case of Hydroa AEstivale.

PMID- 19984339
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19984341
TI  - Case of Circumscribed Sclerodermia associated with "White-spot Disease".

PMID- 19984340
TI  - Case of Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19984343
TI  - Leucoderma and Melanoderma.

PMID- 19984342
TI  - Chronic Purpura, Cutaneous "Striae," and Grave Endocrine Disturbance.

PMID- 19984344
TI  - On Respiratory Excursion of the Mediastinum and some Allied Phenomena.

PMID- 19984345
TI  - Two Special Uses of Ordinary Electric Currents.

PMID- 19984346
TI  - Treatment of Gonococcal Infection by Diathermy.

PMID- 19984347
TI  - Technique Used in the Treatment of Gonorrhoeal Infections by Diathermy.

PMID- 19984349
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984348
TI  - The Radiological Investigation of Infantile Pyloric Stenosis and Pylorospasm.

PMID- 19984350
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984351
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984352
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984354
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984353
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984355
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984356
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984357
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984359
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984358
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984360
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984362
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984361
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984363
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984364
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984365
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984366
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984367
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984368
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984370
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984369
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON ENDOCRINE THERAPY.

PMID- 19984372
TI  - Sections of Medicine, Otology, Neurology, and Laryngology, Joint Discussion No.
      1: Discussion on the Causes, Early Recognition, and Treatment of Non-Tuberculous
      Meningitis.

PMID- 19984371
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NON-SPECIFIC DISTURBANCES OF HEALTH DUE TO VITAMIN DEFICIENCY.

PMID- 19984373
TI  - Sections of Psychiatry, Neurology, Study of Disease in Children, and
      Epidemiology, Joint Discussion No. 2: Discussion on the Mental Sequelae of
      Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19984374
TI  - Sections of Surgery, Anaesthetics, Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and
      Pathology, Joint Discussion No. 3: Discussion on the Prevention and Treatment of
      Post-Operative Pulmonary Affections.

PMID- 19984375
TI  - Sections of Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Joint Discussion No. 4: Discussion
      on the Treatment of Septicaemia.

PMID- 19984377
TI  - Case of Nasal Growth.

PMID- 19984376
TI  - Sections of Epidemiology, Comparative Medicine, and Disease in Children, Joint
      Discussion No. 5: Discussion on the Control of Tuberculosis and the Milk Supply.

PMID- 19984378
TI  - Naso-pharyngeal Fibroma extending through Spheno-maxillary Fossa to Cheek.

PMID- 19984379
TI  - Microscopical Section of Laryngeal Tumour, from a young Child.

PMID- 19984380
TI  - Congenital Stridor or Laryngeal Web.

PMID- 19984381
TI  - Case of Thyroglossal Cyst.

PMID- 19984382
TI  - Case of Papilloma of Larynx.

PMID- 19984383
TI  - Extensive Tuberculosis of the Larynx healed by Sanatorium Treatment, Silence and
      the Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19984385
TI  - Fibro-sarcoma of Nasal Pharynx Treated by X-rays and Radium.

PMID- 19984384
TI  - Two Specimens with Sections of Salivary Glands removed from the Tonsil Bed, and
      One Section of Salivary Gland removed from the side of the Tongue adjoining.

PMID- 19984386
TI  - A Large Laryngeal Growth.

PMID- 19984387
TI  - Diffuse Osteomyelitis of Skull from Acute Frontal Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19984388
TI  - Specimens and Microscopic Slides of Polypus of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19984390
TI  - Larynx Removed for Malignant Disease, under Local Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19984389
TI  - Rhinolith of Large Size.

PMID- 19984391
TI  - Atrophic Rhinitis treated by the Implantation of a Piece of Rib Cartilage.

PMID- 19984393
TI  - Naso-pharyngeal Growth.

PMID- 19984392
TI  - Carcinoma of Left Vocal Cord, One Year after Operation.

PMID- 19984394
TI  - Sarcoma of Nasal Septum treated by Radium.

PMID- 19984395
TI  - Nasal Growth: Sarcoma of Ethmoid: Removal by Lateral Rhinotomy.

PMID- 19984396
TI  - Hoarseness Persisting for Ten Years.

PMID- 19984397
TI  - Laryngeal Stenosis of 18 years' standing treated by a Method of Intubation.

PMID- 19984398
TI  - Specimen of a large Mixed Tumour of the Parotid enucleated from the Soft Palate.

PMID- 19984399
TI  - Immobility of Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19984400
TI  - Tuberculosis along with Syphilis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19984401
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984402
TI  - Two Specimens showing Ulceration of the Larynx associated with Vincent's
      Organisms.

PMID- 19984403
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984404
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984405
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis of the Larynx with an unusual degree of Involvement of the
      Base of the Tongue.

PMID- 19984406
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984408
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984407
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984409
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984411
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984410
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA.

PMID- 19984412
TI  - Case of Epithelioma of Right Vocal Cord-Removed by Right Lateral Thyrotomy
      Recurrence on Left Vocal Cord-Removed by Left Lateral Thyrotomy.

PMID- 19984413
TI  - Two Cases Illustrating the Comparative Failure of Ventriculo-cordectomy for the
      Relief of Double Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19984414
TI  - A Set of Modified Jackson's Tubes and Instruments for Peroral Endoscopy.

PMID- 19984416
TI  - Osteoma of Ethmoid.

PMID- 19984415
TI  - Case of Hyperplastic Laryngitis (with Microscopical Section).

PMID- 19984417
TI  - Acute Pulmonary Infection following Operation on the Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19984418
TI  - Case of Lympho-Sarcoma of the Pharynx and Naso-pharynx.

PMID- 19984419
TI  - Two Cases of Anatomically Irregular Sphenoidal Sinusitis with Defective Vision,
      illustrating the use of the Suction Syringe in localizing Focal Infection.

PMID- 19984420
TI  - Specimen and Lantern Slides illustrating an attempted Ingestion of a 10-in. Table
      Knife during Puerperal Insanity.

PMID- 19984421
TI  - Case of Thyroglossal Cyst.

PMID- 19984422
TI  - Naevus of the Epiglottis and Tongue.

PMID- 19984423
TI  - Nasal Tumour, probably of Tuberculous Origin.

PMID- 19984424
TI  - Pharyngeal Growth in a Man aged 70.

PMID- 19984425
TI  - Epithelioma of Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19984426
TI  - Disease of Anterior Ethmoidal Cells, Causing Optic Neuritis.

PMID- 19984427
TI  - Soft Fibromata of Larynx followed by Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19984428
TI  - Specimen of Larynx and OEsophagus, from a Case of Paralysis of Left Recurrent
      Laryngeal Nerve and Tuberculous Ulcers of the OEsophagus, all caused by Caseous
      Tuberculous Glands.

PMID- 19984429
TI  - X-ray Films illustrating Lung-mapping with Lipiodol, in a Case of Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19984430
TI  - An Instrument for the Application of Diathermy to the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19984432
TI  - Case of Laryngeal Syncope in a Patient with Carcinoma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19984431
TI  - Early Lupus of the Palate, treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19984433
TI  - Case illustrating the Advantage of Tracheotomy as a Curative Measure for
      Tuberculosis of the Larynx, in a Medical Man, aged 70.

PMID- 19984434
TI  - Metabolism and the Vegetative System.

PMID- 19984435
TI  - Hypoglycopyresis.

PMID- 19984437
TI  - A Case of Syringo-bulbo-myelia with Unilateral Nerve-deafness and Immobility of
      the opposite Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19984436
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984438
TI  - Pathological Specimens: (i) Myxo-chondroma of Base of Skull; (ii) Haemangioma of
      the Mid-brain; (iii) Neuro-fibroma of Auditory Nerve.

PMID- 19984439
TI  - The Syphilitic Forms of Progressive Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19984440
TI  - A Case of Dyspituitarism following Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19984441
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF
      THE SPINAL CORD: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Addison's (Pernicious) Anaemia and
      Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19984443
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF
      THE SPINAL CORD: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Addison's (Pernicious) Anaemia and
      Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19984442
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF
      THE SPINAL CORD: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Addison's (Pernicious) Anaemia and
      Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19984444
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF
      THE SPINAL CORD: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Addison's (Pernicious) Anaemia and
      Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19984445
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF
      THE SPINAL CORD: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Addison's (Pernicious) Anaemia and
      Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19984446
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF
      THE SPINAL CORD: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Addison's (Pernicious) Anaemia and
      Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19984447
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF
      THE SPINAL CORD: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Addison's (Pernicious) Anaemia and
      Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19984448
TI  - Two Sisters from a Family Affected with Dystrophia Myotonica.

PMID- 19984449
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Athetosis.

PMID- 19984451
TI  - A Case of Dystrophia Myotonica.

PMID- 19984450
TI  - Hypopituitarism with Retinitis Pigmentosa and Polydactylism.

PMID- 19984452
TI  - A Case of Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19984453
TI  - A Case of Facial Hemiatrophy: Lack of Development of the Breast on the same side.

PMID- 19984454
TI  - A Case for Diagnosis (Probably a Variant of Charcot-Marie Progressive Neurotic
      Amyotrophy-Peroneal Type of Tooth).

PMID- 19984456
TI  - Case of Post-encephalitic Contractures and Paroxysmal Tachypnoea.

PMID- 19984455
TI  - Case of Myoclonus Epilepticus.

PMID- 19984457
TI  - A Case of Migraine.

PMID- 19984458
TI  - Case of Post-encephalitic Myoclonus and Tachypnoea.

PMID- 19984459
TI  - Case of Epilepsy for Diagnosis as to Cause.

PMID- 19984460
TI  - Case of Peroneal Muscular Atrophy with Pseudo-hypertrophy and Atrophic Sterno
      mastoids.

PMID- 19984461
TI  - See-saw Movements of Eyelids.

PMID- 19984462
TI  - Five Cases Exhibiting Involuntary Movements.

PMID- 19984463
TI  - Two Cases of Disseminated Sclerosis with Acute Posterior Column Lesions.

PMID- 19984464
TI  - A Case of Myotonia occurring in a Male aged 62 (with Cinematograph
      Demonstration).

PMID- 19984465
TI  - Case of Upper Brachial Plexus Root Lesion.

PMID- 19984467
TI  - An Unusual Case of Myopathy.

PMID- 19984466
TI  - Case of Quadriplegia, showing well-marked Postural Tonus.

PMID- 19984468
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984469
TI  - Cases of Epilepsy, General Paralysis and Disseminated Sclerosis, to illustrate
      Speech Defects.

PMID- 19984470
TI  - Case of Syringomyelia (Morvan's Type).

PMID- 19984471
TI  - A Case of Post-encephalitic Respiratory Disorder.

PMID- 19984472
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984473
TI  - Case of Chorea with no Improvement after Eighteen Months' Treatment.

PMID- 19984474
TI  - Case of Paraplegia in Scoliosis.

PMID- 19984475
TI  - Case of Facial Hemiatrophy.

PMID- 19984476
TI  - Case of Muscular Dystrophy with Pyramidal Signs.

PMID- 19984477
TI  - Myopathy of Unusual Distribution.

PMID- 19984479
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984478
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984480
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984482
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984481
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984483
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984484
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984485
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984487
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984486
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984488
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984489
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984490
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984491
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984492
TI  - Case of Fibro-cystic Tumour of the Perineum and Buttock.

PMID- 19984493
TI  - Sarcoma Ulcerating through the Vagina and causing Severe Haemorrhage in a Girl
      aged 19.

PMID- 19984495
TI  - A Short Communication on a Retroperitoneal Lipo-fibro-sarcoma.

PMID- 19984494
TI  - Simple Ovarian Embryoma with Spread into Contiguous Structures.

PMID- 19984496
TI  - The Plasma Proteins in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19984498
TI  - Vesical Calculus formed around a Foreign Body.

PMID- 19984497
TI  - Incidence of Glycosuria during Pregnancy.

PMID- 19984499
TI  - The Relative Loss of Heat and Loss of Weight, and the Treatment of Shock in the
      New-born.

PMID- 19984500
TI  - A Case of Carcinoma of the Female Urethra, treated by Partial Resection of the
      Urethra.

PMID- 19984501
TI  - Two Specimens Clinically Simulating Ovarian Cysts: (1) Carcinoma of the Gall
      bladder; (2) Enlargement of the Spleen.

PMID- 19984502
TI  - Osteomalacia in China.

PMID- 19984503
TI  - Definition and Notification of Puerperal Sepsis.

PMID- 19984504
TI  - Uterus and Vagina excised for Epithelioma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19984506
TI  - Mesenteric Cyst.

PMID- 19984505
TI  - Sarcoma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19984508
TI  - A Case of Toxaemia in Early Pregnancy with Jaundice, Hyperemesis and Multiple
      Neuritis. Death three weeks after termination of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19984507
TI  - Retroplacental Haematoma from a Case of Toxaemia.

PMID- 19984509
TI  - A New Method of Determining the Patency of the Fallopian Tubes by Means of X
      rays.

PMID- 19984510
TI  - The Investigation of the Uterus and Fallopian Tubes by Air and Opaque Bodies in
      Sterility.

PMID- 19984511
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE "NOTIFICATION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.".

PMID- 19984512
TI  - Endometriomata of Vulva and Perineum.

PMID- 19984513
TI  - Case of Prolonged Pyrexia Apparently Caused by Chronic Myometritis.

PMID- 19984514
TI  - Case of Chorion Epithelioma.

PMID- 19984515
TI  - The Treatment of Placenta Praevia by Continuous Weight Traction-a Report of Seven
      Cases.

PMID- 19984516
TI  - Anomalies in Connexion with Secretion of Milk.

PMID- 19984517
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19984518
TI  - The Problem of Pulpless Teeth.

PMID- 19984519
TI  - A Note on Protagulin in Haemorrhage after Extraction.

PMID- 19984520
TI  - Some Points in the Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of the
      Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19984521
TI  - The Permeability of Enamel.

PMID- 19984522
TI  - A Dental Cyst in connexion with a Deciduous Tooth.

PMID- 19984523
TI  - Circulation of Lymph in the Dentine.

PMID- 19984524
TI  - The Prevalence of Supernumerary and Supplemental Teeth among the Natives of
      India: Note on Models showing Supernumerary Teeth.

PMID- 19984525
TI  - A Report on Certain Drugs and Solutions used in Local Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19984527
TI  - Skiagrams from a Patient with Malignant Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19984526
TI  - President's Address: On Some Neglected Corners of the Otological Field.

PMID- 19984528
TI  - Large Mastoid Fistula Closed by a Tube-flap.

PMID- 19984529
TI  - Case of Deafness, with Loss of High Tones, (?)Congenital.

PMID- 19984530
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media; Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess; Naming
      Aphasia.

PMID- 19984531
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media; Right Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess; Lateral Sinus
      Thrombosis; Fistula of External Semicircular Canal.

PMID- 19984532
TI  - Case of Localized Otitis Media leading to Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19984533
TI  - Kinematograph Film illustrating Anastomosis of Facial Nerve in Cases of Facial
      Palsy.

PMID- 19984534
TI  - Septicaemia and Acute Infection of the Middle-ear Tract.

PMID- 19984535
TI  - Specimen and Slides of a Case of Malignant Disease (Endothelioma) of External
      Auditory Meatus and Middle Ear with Complete Involvement of Peritoneum.

PMID- 19984537
TI  - Special Swab-holders for use in Tonsillectomy.

PMID- 19984536
TI  - A Modification of Bartel's Spectacles.

PMID- 19984539
TI  - Intercranial Infection by Erosion from Subperiosteal Abscess.

PMID- 19984538
TI  - Case of Keloid of Mastoid.

PMID- 19984540
TI  - Otogenic Pterygo-maxillary Abscess.

PMID- 19984541
TI  - The Mastoid Emissary Vein and its Surgical Importance.

PMID- 19984542
TI  - Sequestra of Labyrinth.

PMID- 19984543
TI  - Case of Naevoid Angioma of the Tympanum (? Endothelioma). Microscopical Section.

PMID- 19984544
TI  - Case of Sudden Bilateral Nerve Deafness of Unknown Origin in a Child.

PMID- 19984545
TI  - Case of Bilateral Mumps Deafness.

PMID- 19984547
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984546
TI  - Natural Cure similar in Result to that following a Radical Mastoid Operation.
      Cavity Completely Dry and Epithelialized.

PMID- 19984548
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984549
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984550
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984551
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984552
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984553
TI  - Specimen showing Bony Ankylosis of Malleus and Incus.

PMID- 19984555
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984554
TI  - Statistics of Results of Zinc Ionization in Chronic Otorrhoea in over 600 Cases.

PMID- 19984557
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984556
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984558
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984559
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984560
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984562
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984561
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO HEARING.

PMID- 19984563
TI  - Casts of Labyrinths.

PMID- 19984565
TI  - Tubercular Disease of Mastoid.

PMID- 19984564
TI  - Sarcoma of Left Occipital Region Simulating Mastoid Disease.

PMID- 19984566
TI  - Malignant Disease of Antrum (Mastoid).

PMID- 19984567
TI  - Complete Sequestrum of Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19984568
TI  - Researches on Bacterium pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates). Improved methods of
      cultivation, with special reference to Vaccine Production.

PMID- 19984569
TI  - Some Morphological Factors governing the Incidence of Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19984570
TI  - The Selection and Administration of Local and General Anaesthetics for Animals.

PMID- 19984571
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPLANCHNIC ANALGESIA.

PMID- 19984572
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPLANCHNIC ANALGESIA.

PMID- 19984573
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPLANCHNIC ANALGESIA.

PMID- 19984574
TI  - Chloroform Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19984575
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPLANCHNIC ANALGESIA.

PMID- 19984576
TI  - President's Address on "The Comparative Section".

PMID- 19984577
TI  - Puerperal Sepsis in Cattle.

PMID- 19984578
TI  - Puerperal Sepsis in Cattle.

PMID- 19984579
TI  - Puerperal Sepsis in Cattle.

PMID- 19984580
TI  - Puerperal Sepsis in Cattle.

PMID- 19984581
TI  - Puerperal Sepsis in Cattle.

PMID- 19984583
TI  - Puerperal Sepsis in Cattle.

PMID- 19984582
TI  - Puerperal Sepsis in Cattle.

PMID- 19984584
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION.

PMID- 19984585
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION.

PMID- 19984586
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION.

PMID- 19984587
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION.

PMID- 19984588
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION.

PMID- 19984589
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION.

PMID- 19984590
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION.

PMID- 19984591
TI  - Immunization of Animals and Man against Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19984593
TI  - Skin Affections Transmissible from Animals to Man.

PMID- 19984592
TI  - A Review of Some Problems of Foot-and-Mouth Disease.

PMID- 19984594
TI  - On Some Diseases Intercommunicable between Man and Animals in East Africa.

PMID- 19984595
TI  - President's Address: Progress in Preventive Medicine.

PMID- 19984596
TI  - A Brief Survey of Public Health Organization in the United States of America.

PMID- 19984597
TI  - Overcrowding and Epidemic Disease.

PMID- 19984598
TI  - The Administrative Control of Diphtheria.

PMID- 19984599
TI  - Immunization Against Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19984600
TI  - An Outbreak of Food Poisoning caused by the Bacillus Aertrycke.

PMID- 19984601
TI  - The Health of London in the Eighteenth Century.

PMID- 19984602
TI  - President's Address: Bretonneau: His Life and Work.

PMID- 19984603
TI  - The Scamnum, as described by Guido Guidi, illustrated by an Actual Specimen of
      the Sixteenth Century.

PMID- 19984604
TI  - The Scamnum Hippocratis.

PMID- 19984605
TI  - Herophilus of Alexandria.

PMID- 19984606
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984607
TI  - Cavernous Optic Atrophy and its Relation to Glaucoma.

PMID- 19984608
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Blepharophimosis.

PMID- 19984609
TI  - Miners' Nystagmus: its Diagnosis and Origin.

PMID- 19984610
TI  - Cyst of Optic Sheath or Hole in Optic Disc (?).

PMID- 19984611
TI  - President's Address: Tints and their Value.

PMID- 19984612
TI  - On the Relationship between Sub-arachnoid and Intra-ocular Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19984613
TI  - A Modification of Elliot's Scotometer.

PMID- 19984614
TI  - Cataract Extraction in Egypt.

PMID- 19984615
TI  - Bitemporal Hemianopia due to Fracture of the Skull.

PMID- 19984616
TI  - Inflammatory Pseudo-tumour of the Orbit.

PMID- 19984617
TI  - Case of Recovery from Pseudo-tumour of the Orbit.

PMID- 19984619
TI  - Case of Optic Nerve Tumour.

PMID- 19984618
TI  - The Susceptibility of Nocturnal Animals to Ultra-violet Radiation.

PMID- 19984620
TI  - Cerebral Tumour displacing the Optic Tracts, Chiasma and Nerves.

PMID- 19984622
TI  - Case of Epibulbar Sarcoma.

PMID- 19984621
TI  - Massive Exudate in the Retina.

PMID- 19984623
TI  - Acute Pulsating Exophthalmos: Ligature of Internal and External Carotid Arteries.

PMID- 19984624
TI  - Operative Treatment of the Lacrymal Sac.

PMID- 19984625
TI  - The Safety Limits of the Jullundur Operation for the Intracapsular Extraction of
      Cataract.

PMID- 19984627
TI  - Locking Elbow due to Large Loose Body.

PMID- 19984626
TI  - President's Address: Some Affections of the Epiphyses.

PMID- 19984628
TI  - A Case of Destruction of the Os Calcis, with Deformity of the Foot.

PMID- 19984629
TI  - So-called Rickety Dwarf.

PMID- 19984630
TI  - Achondroplastic Dwarf.

PMID- 19984631
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; Multiple Arthritis (? Type) and ? Spastic Diplegia.

PMID- 19984632
TI  - Case of Traction Injury of the Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19984633
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis: ? Pseudocoxalgia.

PMID- 19984634
TI  - Ganglion on the Dorsum of Wrist associated with a Cystic Condition of the Os
      Magnum.

PMID- 19984635
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE SACRO-ILIAC
      JOINTS.

PMID- 19984637
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE SACRO-ILIAC
      JOINTS.

PMID- 19984636
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE SACRO-ILIAC
      JOINTS.

PMID- 19984638
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE SACRO-ILIAC
      JOINTS.

PMID- 19984639
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE SACRO-ILIAC
      JOINTS.

PMID- 19984640
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE SACRO-ILIAC
      JOINTS.

PMID- 19984641
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE SACRO-ILIAC
      JOINTS.

PMID- 19984642
TI  - Two Cases of Scoliosis with Paraplegia.

PMID- 19984643
TI  - A Case of Unilateral Imperfect Formation of the Hip-joint: Subluxation, with
      Spontaneous Recovery.

PMID- 19984644
TI  - Case of Multiple Exostoses, with Unusual Osteoma.

PMID- 19984645
TI  - Osteitis Deformans at an Unusually Early Age.

PMID- 19984646
TI  - Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19984648
TI  - Arthritis of both Hip-joints following Epiphyseal Displacement.

PMID- 19984647
TI  - Old Fracture of the Pelvis.

PMID- 19984649
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-TUBERCULOUS COXITIS IN CHILDREN
      AND ADOLESCENTS.

PMID- 19984651
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-TUBERCULOUS COXITIS IN CHILDREN
      AND ADOLESCENTS.

PMID- 19984650
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-TUBERCULOUS COXITIS IN CHILDREN
      AND ADOLESCENTS.

PMID- 19984652
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-TUBERCULOUS COXITIS IN CHILDREN
      AND ADOLESCENTS.

PMID- 19984653
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-TUBERCULOUS COXITIS IN CHILDREN
      AND ADOLESCENTS.

PMID- 19984654
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-TUBERCULOUS COXITIS IN CHILDREN
      AND ADOLESCENTS.

PMID- 19984655
TI  - Spinal Curvature in Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19984656
TI  - Enlargement of the Ends of the Bones of the Lower Limbs.

PMID- 19984657
TI  - A Case of Congenital Dislocation of Both Hips.

PMID- 19984658
TI  - General Enlargement of Joints.

PMID- 19984659
TI  - Rarefying Osteitis in the Feet of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19984660
TI  - Arthrodesis for Relief of Forearm Paralysis.

PMID- 19984661
TI  - Chronic Great Palmar Bursitis (Compound Palmar Ganglion).

PMID- 19984662
TI  - Recurring Dislocation of Ulna.

PMID- 19984663
TI  - Specimen of Unusual External Semilunar Cartilage.

PMID- 19984664
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE LAW REGARDING THE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
      OF THE INSANE.

PMID- 19984665
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE LAW REGARDING THE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
      OF THE INSANE.

PMID- 19984666
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE LAW REGARDING THE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
      OF THE INSANE.

PMID- 19984667
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE LAW REGARDING THE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
      OF THE INSANE.

PMID- 19984668
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE LAW REGARDING THE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
      OF THE INSANE.

PMID- 19984669
TI  - President's Address: On Consciousness.

PMID- 19984670
TI  - President's Address: Posture in the Treatment of Disease.

PMID- 19984672
TI  - The Lymphoid Apparatus as a Culture Centre for Septic Organisms.

PMID- 19984671
TI  - Demonstration of Cases illustrating Three Types of Chorea.

PMID- 19984673
TI  - Specimens from Three Cases of Cerebro-spinal Leptomeningitis due to Bacillus
      Influenzoe.

PMID- 19984674
TI  - X-rays in the Diagnosis of Miliary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19984675
TI  - Instrument used with the Shipway Apparatus in Operations for Cleft Palate.

PMID- 19984676
TI  - Observations on Asthma.

PMID- 19984677
TI  - Case of Plagiocephaly.

PMID- 19984678
TI  - Case of Congenital Obliteration of Bile-ducts.

PMID- 19984679
TI  - Observations on Cases of Epidemic Encephalitis in Children, seen in the recent
      outbreak.

PMID- 19984680
TI  - Case of Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19984681
TI  - The Treatment of Pyloric Stenosis of Infants.

PMID- 19984682
TI  - Case of Congenital Hypertrophy of Lower Limbs.

PMID- 19984683
TI  - A Case of "Pink" Disease.

PMID- 19984684
TI  - A Case of Coeliac Disease with Glycosuria.

PMID- 19984685
TI  - The Subsequent History of a Series of Cases Operated upon for Pyloric Stenosis.

PMID- 19984686
TI  - Four Cases of Endocrine Defect.

PMID- 19984688
TI  - Case of Muscular Dystrophy (Landouzy-Dejerine type).

PMID- 19984687
TI  - Case of Persistent Ascites.

PMID- 19984689
TI  - Demonstration of Cases and of a Specimen.

PMID- 19984690
TI  - Case of Myelogenous Leukaemia in a Child of 13.

PMID- 19984691
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984692
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984693
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984695
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984694
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984696
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984697
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984698
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984699
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984700
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984701
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19984702
TI  - Case of Cerebral Tumour.

PMID- 19984703
TI  - Congenital Duodenal Stenosis.

PMID- 19984704
TI  - Male Twins, one of which is a Mongol.

PMID- 19984705
TI  - A Case of Xanthoma Tuberosum.

PMID- 19984706
TI  - A Case of Amaurotic Family Idiocy.

PMID- 19984707
TI  - Case of Myoclonus of Unverricht.

PMID- 19984708
TI  - A Case of Renal Infantilism.

PMID- 19984709
TI  - The Principles of Serum Administration in Cerebro-spinal Fever and the Results of
      the Treatment.

PMID- 19984711
TI  - DISCUSSION: IS THE MODIFICATION OF COW'S MILK NECESSARY IN INFANT FEEDING ?

PMID- 19984710
TI  - Instrument for Puncture of the Ventricles of the Brain.

PMID- 19984712
TI  - DISCUSSION: IS THE MODIFICATION OF COW'S MILK NECESSARY IN INFANT FEEDING?

PMID- 19984713
TI  - DISCUSSION: IS THE MODIFICATION OF COW'S MILK NECESSARY IN INFANT FEEDING?

PMID- 19984714
TI  - DISCUSSION: IS THE MODIFICATION OF COW'S MILK NECESSARY IN INFANT FEEDING?

PMID- 19984715
TI  - DISCUSSION: IS THE MODIFICATION OF COW'S MILK NECESSARY IN INFANT FEEDING?

PMID- 19984716
TI  - DISCUSSION: IS THE MODIFICATION OF COW'S MILK NECESSARY IN INFANT FEEDING?

PMID- 19984717
TI  - DISCUSSION: IS THE MODIFICATION OF COW'S MILK NECESSARY IN INFANT FEEDING?

PMID- 19984719
TI  - The Relation of Nephritis in Egypt to Intestinal Infection.

PMID- 19984718
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984720
TI  - Edible and Poisonous Fungi.

PMID- 19984721
TI  - Observations on Some Diseases of Central America.

PMID- 19984722
TI  - Some of the Infections of Captive Animals.

PMID- 19984723
TI  - Kala-azar in China with Special Reference to its Histopathology in Experimentally
      Infected Hamsters.

PMID- 19984724
TI  - Tropical Ophthalmology (Egypt).

PMID- 19984725
TI  - Schistosomiasis and Splenomegaly in Nyasaland.

PMID- 19984726
TI  - Blood-smear showing Experimental Infection with Herpetomonas.

PMID- 19984727
TI  - Some Flukes bred from Cercariae recurring in Schistosoma-transmitting Molluscs in
      South Africa.

PMID- 19984729
TI  - A Lesion Resembling "Paget's Disease of the Nipple" occurring on the Penis.
      ("Malignant Dermatitis").

PMID- 19984728
TI  - Leptospirae in Tap Water.

PMID- 19984730
TI  - Sarcoma of the Prostate.

PMID- 19984731
TI  - Specimens of Renal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19984733
TI  - Secondary Hypernephroma removed from Thigh (Intermuscular).

PMID- 19984732
TI  - A Perirenal Lipoma, with Myxo-sarcomatous Changes in One Portion.

PMID- 19984734
TI  - A New Cysto-Urethroscope.

PMID- 19984735
TI  - A Kidney, the Seat of Multiple Lesions.

PMID- 19984736
TI  - Haemorrhage from a Retropelvic Vessel during Pyelolithotomy.

PMID- 19984738
TI  - Tuberculous Kidney.

PMID- 19984737
TI  - Case of Carcinoma of the Urethra.

PMID- 19984739
TI  - Congenital Hydronephrosis in Rats.

PMID- 19984740
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY AND X-RAY THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE BLADDER AND
      PROSTATE.

PMID- 19984741
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY AND X-RAY THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE BLADDER AND
      PROSTATE.

PMID- 19984743
TI  - Renal Calculus Complicating Hypernephroma.

PMID- 19984742
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY AND X-RAY THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE BLADDER AND
      PROSTATE.

PMID- 19984744
TI  - Papilloma of Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19984745
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY AND X-RAY THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE BLADDER AND
      PROSTATE.

PMID- 19984746
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY AND X-RAY THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE BLADDER AND
      PROSTATE.

PMID- 19984747
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY AND X-RAY THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE BLADDER AND
      PROSTATE.

PMID- 19984748
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY AND X-RAY THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE BLADDER AND
      PROSTATE.

PMID- 19984750
TI  - A New Diathermy Punch Operation for Prostatic Obstruction.

PMID- 19984749
TI  - The Tolerance of the Body for Urea in Health and Disease.

PMID- 19984751
TI  - Foreign Body removed from the Bladder.

PMID- 19984752
TI  - Large Renal Calculus.

PMID- 19984753
TI  - Case of Congenital Abnormality of the Right Ureter.

PMID- 19984755
TI  - Ureteric Calculi.

PMID- 19984754
TI  - Stones from Cystic Disease of the Kidney. (Two Cases).

PMID- 19984756
TI  - Papilloma of Ureter.

PMID- 19984757
TI  - Two Pyelograms.

PMID- 19984758
TI  - X-ray Films illustrating Mobility of the Kidney.

PMID- 19984759
TI  - Massive Calculus Formation in an Ectopic Kidney.

PMID- 19984760
TI  - Pyelograms of Double Ureters.

PMID- 19984761
TI  - Hydronephrosis due to a Squamous-celled Carcinoma blocking the Ureteropelvic
      Junction.

PMID- 19984762
TI  - Cystic Lower End of the Right Ureter.

PMID- 19984763
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT.

PMID- 19984764
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT: The Experimental
      Production of Infections of the Urinary Tract by the Colon Bacillus.

PMID- 19984765
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT: Symptoms and Treatment
      of Urinary Infections.

PMID- 19984766
TI  - Extensive Carcinoma of Large Bladder Diverticulum.

PMID- 19984767
TI  - Papilloma of Ureter with Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19984768
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT.

PMID- 19984769
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT.

PMID- 19984770
TI  - Demonstration of a New (?) Mycotic Parasite Found in the Bladder in a Case
      Resembling Malakoplakia.

PMID- 19984771
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE IN THE MALE.

PMID- 19984772
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE IN THE MALE.

PMID- 19984773
TI  - Cyst of the Urachus.

PMID- 19984775
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE IN THE MALE.

PMID- 19984774
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE IN THE MALE.

PMID- 19984776
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE IN THE MALE.

PMID- 19984777
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE IN THE MALE.

PMID- 19984778
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE IN THE MALE.

PMID- 19984779
TI  - President's Address: Renal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19984780
TI  - Suparenal Tumour, Carcinoma.

PMID- 19984782
TI  - A Case of Hernia of the Small Intestine through the Colostomy Wound twelve years
      after Abdomino-perineal Excision of the Rectum for Carcinoma.

PMID- 19984781
TI  - The Lure of the New: President's Address.

PMID- 19984783
TI  - Case of Prolapse of the Rectum of the Second Degree.

PMID- 19984784
TI  - Case of Sacculitis of the Pelvic Colon with Localized Abscess. Death due to
      Portal Pyaemia.

PMID- 19984785
TI  - A Case in which Pathological Sacculi of Large and Small Intestine were Present in
      the same Person.

PMID- 19984786
TI  - Traumatic Rupture of the Rectum into the Peritoneal Cavity.

PMID- 19984787
TI  - The Treatment of Certain Atonic and Atrophic Conditions of the Caecum.

PMID- 19984788
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19984789
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19984790
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19984791
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19984792
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE THYROID GLAND.

PMID- 19984793
TI  - Carcinoma of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19984794
TI  - Examination of the OEsophagus by X-rays.

PMID- 19984795
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FISTULA.

PMID- 19984796
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FISTULA.

PMID- 19984798
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FISTULA.

PMID- 19984797
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FISTULA.

PMID- 19984799
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FISTULA.

PMID- 19984800
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FISTULA.

PMID- 19984801
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984802
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984803
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984804
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984805
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984806
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984807
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984808
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MORTALITY OF APPENDICITIS.

PMID- 19984809
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984810
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984811
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984812
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984813
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984814
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984815
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984817
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984816
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19984818
TI  - A Consideration of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer.

PMID- 19984819
TI  - An Advanced Case of Spindle-celled Sarcoma of the Breast.

PMID- 19984820
TI  - Recent Progress in the Study of Experimental Scurvy.

PMID- 19984821
TI  - The Unknown Factors of Gout.

PMID- 19984822
TI  - The Treatment of Infantile Scurvy.

PMID- 19984823
TI  - President's Address: Hospital Ships in Peace and War.

PMID- 19984824
TI  - A Further Communication on the Treatment of Gonorrhoea by Kataphoresis.

PMID- 19984825
TI  - The Treatment of Malaria by Novarsenobillon.

PMID- 19984827
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS IN THE SERVICES.

PMID- 19984826
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS IN THE SERVICES.

PMID- 19984829
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS IN THE SERVICES.

PMID- 19984828
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS IN THE SERVICES.

PMID- 19984830
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS IN THE SERVICES.

PMID- 19984831
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS IN THE SERVICES.

PMID- 19984832
TI  - Remarks on the Incidence, AEtiology and Prevention of Rheumatic Fever in the
      Navy.

PMID- 19984834
TI  - Airs, Waters and Places.

PMID- 19984833
TI  - President's Address: The "Rheumatic" Diathesis.

PMID- 19984835
TI  - A Case of Rheumatic Carditis with Congenital Malformation of the Heart.

PMID- 19984837
TI  - Case of Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19984836
TI  - A Case of Aortic Disease in which relief from the Anginal Complex coincided with
      the onset of Auricular Fibrillation.

PMID- 19984838
TI  - Case of Hyperpiesia.

PMID- 19984839
TI  - A Case of Aortic Aneurysm (Intrapericardial).

PMID- 19984840
TI  - Demonstration of a New Sphygmomanometer.

PMID- 19984842
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Primary Carcinoma of the Left Bronchus, with Extensive
      Involvement of the Heart, exhibited by Dr. F. E. Saxby Willis, November 1924
      (with Additional Note by Dr. Saxby Willis).

PMID- 19984841
TI  - Case of Bronchiectasis: Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19984843
TI  - Case of Carcinoma of Bronchus.

PMID- 19984844
TI  - Case of Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (Vaquez Disease) treated twice with application
      of X-rays to the Bones; Duration of Improvement.

PMID- 19984845
TI  - Case of Transposition of Viscera.

PMID- 19984847
TI  - Cases of Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19984846
TI  - Case of Hypopituitarism in a Boy, with Epilepsy; Sella Turcica reduced in Size.

PMID- 19984848
TI  - Cases Illustrating the Effects of Glandular Treatment.

PMID- 19984849
TI  - Case of Eunuchoid Type with Undescended Testicles.

PMID- 19984850
TI  - A Case of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19984851
TI  - Ascitic Tuberculous Peritonitis with Large Masses.

PMID- 19984852
TI  - Functional Dysphagia in a Girl.

PMID- 19984853
TI  - Case of Unusual Chronic OEdema.

PMID- 19984855
TI  - Demonstration of Radiograms, Museum Specimens and Drawings of Microscopic
      Sections of Lungs representing the changes met with in so-called "Pulmonary
      Tuberculosis".

PMID- 19984854
TI  - Demonstration of Cases.

PMID- 19984856
TI  - Case of Congenital Cyanosis.

PMID- 19984858
TI  - Splenectomy for Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica in a Girl aged
      10 years.

PMID- 19984857
TI  - Three Cases of Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19984859
TI  - Case of Sarcoma of the Right Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19984860
TI  - Case of Large Lymphangioma or Telangiectasis occupying the Lower Half of Left
      Abdomen and Left Leg.

PMID- 19984861
TI  - A Case of Arthritis with Multiple Subcutaneous Nodules and Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19984862
TI  - Three Cases of Splenectomy for Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica.

PMID- 19984863
TI  - Case of Clubbing of Fingers and Toes.

PMID- 19984865
TI  - Case of Congenital Cyanosis: (Further Note with Anatomical Report by Sir Arthur
      Keith, F.R.C.S., F.R.S.).

PMID- 19984864
TI  - A Case of Hemihypertrophy.

PMID- 19984866
TI  - Case of Achondroplasia with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19984867
TI  - Congenital Auriculo-Ventricular Block in a Child aged 5(1/2) years.

PMID- 19984868
TI  - Stenosis of the Anus in Infants.

PMID- 19984869
TI  - Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Female aged 36.

PMID- 19984871
TI  - A Case of Multiple Bony Lesions for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984870
TI  - A Case of Juvenile Acromegaly with Congenital Aortic Stenosis, treated with X
      rays.

PMID- 19984872
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus affecting Covered Parts of Body.

PMID- 19984873
TI  - Case of Kaposi's Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma.

PMID- 19984874
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Parapsoriasis).

PMID- 19984875
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Mycosis Fungoides).

PMID- 19984876
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides, (? Leukaemia Cutis).

PMID- 19984877
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare with Subcutaneous Nodules.

PMID- 19984878
TI  - Case of Lupus Hypertrophicus.

PMID- 19984879
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus of the Scalp.

PMID- 19984880
TI  - Section from Case for Diagnosis (? Lupus Erythematosus) shown October 15, 1925.

PMID- 19984881
TI  - Case of Cutis Verticis Gyrata.

PMID- 19984882
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19984884
TI  - Sections from a Case of Myeloma.

PMID- 19984883
TI  - Case of Lupus Vulgaris et Erythematosus.

PMID- 19984886
TI  - Case of Pigmentary Naevi.

PMID- 19984885
TI  - Case of Multiple Superficial Rodent Ulcers.

PMID- 19984887
TI  - Case of Parapsoriasis.

PMID- 19984888
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984889
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19984890
TI  - Case of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19984891
TI  - Case of Lichen Planus Hypertrophicus.

PMID- 19984892
TI  - Multiple Recurring Ulceration of the Legs in a Young Woman.

PMID- 19984893
TI  - (?) Case of Multiple ldiopathic Sarcoma (Kaposi).

PMID- 19984894
TI  - Severe Atrophy following Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19984896
TI  - Case of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19984895
TI  - Case of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19984897
TI  - A Case of Mixed Arsenical and Bromide Eruption.

PMID- 19984898
TI  - Sections illustrating Histology of Xanthomatous Infiltration of Tendons.

PMID- 19984899
TI  - Case of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19984900
TI  - Case of Parapsoriasis (Brocq).

PMID- 19984901
TI  - Case of Flat Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19984902
TI  - Case of Lupus and Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19984904
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19984903
TI  - Case of Multiple Idiopathic Pigment Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19984906
TI  - Case of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19984905
TI  - Case of Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythrodermia (Brocq).

PMID- 19984907
TI  - Extensive Lupus Erythematosus with Miliary Papules.

PMID- 19984908
TI  - Two Cases of Cheilitis Exfoliativa.

PMID- 19984909
TI  - Two Cases of Tuberculosis of the Buttocks.

PMID- 19984910
TI  - Case of Vagabond's Disease.

PMID- 19984911
TI  - (?) Case of Mycosis Fungoides (Tumeurs d'Emblee Type).

PMID- 19984912
TI  - Cases of Dermatitis Scrofulosa.

PMID- 19984913
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19984914
TI  - Case of Confluent Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19984915
TI  - Case of Basal-celled Carcinoma of the Back, following a Mole. (Pagetoid
      Epithelioma of Darier).

PMID- 19984917
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Granuloma Annulare).

PMID- 19984916
TI  - A Case of Vitiligo with Addison's Disease.

PMID- 19984918
TI  - Case of Blastomycetic Dermatitis (Gilchrist).

PMID- 19984920
TI  - Two Cases of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19984919
TI  - Case of Syringocystadenoma.

PMID- 19984922
TI  - An Unusual Case of Tuberculosis Cavi Nasi.

PMID- 19984921
TI  - Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19984923
TI  - Case of Tinea of all the Nails in a Child.

PMID- 19984924
TI  - Impetigo with Hypertrophic Scar Formation.

PMID- 19984925
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous and Cutaneous Tumours.? (Parosteal) Chondromata.

PMID- 19984926
TI  - Case of Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19984927
TI  - Unusual Case of Melanotic Naevi.

PMID- 19984928
TI  - Report on a Case of Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19984930
TI  - Gaucher's Disease with Cutaneous Lesions.

PMID- 19984929
TI  - Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex.

PMID- 19984931
TI  - Nodular Leprosy, previously shown.

PMID- 19984932
TI  - Premycotic Erythema.

PMID- 19984933
TI  - Multiple Basal-celled Carcinoma.

PMID- 19984935
TI  - Lichen Planus of Penis, Scrotum and Scalp.

PMID- 19984934
TI  - Sarcoid.

PMID- 19984936
TI  - Lichen Plano-Pilaris.

PMID- 19984938
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; Chronic Symmetrical Granuloma of the Extremities resembling
      Sarcoid (Schaumann).

PMID- 19984937
TI  - Premycotic Stage of Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19984939
TI  - "Reticulated Pigmentary Poikilodermia of the Face and Neck" (Civatte).

PMID- 19984940
TI  - Sarcoid.

PMID- 19984941
TI  - Multiple Occupational Squamous Carcinoma in a Gunsmith.

PMID- 19984943
TI  - Premycosis.

PMID- 19984942
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19984944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19984945
TI  - 1) Case of Acute Nodular Leprosy.

PMID- 19984946
TI  - (?) Sarcoid.

PMID- 19984947
TI  - Annular Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19984948
TI  - Two Cases of Benign Erythematoid Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19984949
TI  - Case for Diagnosis:? Lichenoid Salvarsan Exanthem.

PMID- 19984950
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19984951
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra.

PMID- 19984953
TI  - Case of Acrocyanosis.

PMID- 19984952
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19984954
TI  - Recurrent Bullous Eruption on the Feet in a Child.

PMID- 19984955
TI  - Erythema Elevatum Diutinum (Crocker).

PMID- 19984956
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans, with Lichen Spinulosus.

PMID- 19984957
TI  - Erythematoid Benign Epithelioma.

PMID- 19984958
TI  - Glossitis Migrans.

PMID- 19984959
TI  - Numerous Sarcoids of the Erythema Induratum Type.

PMID- 19984960
TI  - The Organization and Work of a Light Department in a Surgical Tuberculosis
      Hospital.

PMID- 19984961
TI  - Osteitis Deformans (Paget's Disease of Bone).

PMID- 19984962
TI  - The Selection of Apparatus for the Production of Artificial Sunlight.

PMID- 19984963
TI  - The X-ray Diagnosis of Animal Parasites (Helminthes) in Man.

PMID- 19984964
TI  - Then and Now: (President's Address).

PMID- 19984966
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984965
TI  - Diathermy in the Treatment of Pneumonia.

PMID- 19984967
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984968
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984969
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE: FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN
      THE CAUSATION OF MENTAL DISORDER.

PMID- 19984970
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984971
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984972
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984973
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984974
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984976
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984975
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984977
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984978
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984979
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984981
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984980
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS: THE VARIATIONS OF BLOOD-PRESSURE READINGS STUDIED
      UNDER UNIFORM CONDITIONS.

PMID- 19984982
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984984
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984983
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984985
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984986
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984987
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPERPIESIS.

PMID- 19984988
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FOCAL SEPSIS AS A FACTOR IN DISEASE.

PMID- 19984989
TI  - SECTIONS OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, OBSTETRICS, AND GYNAECOLOGY, AND TROPICAL
      DISEASES AND PARASITOLOGY, JOINT DISCUSSION No. 1: DISCUSSION ON INFECTIVE
      ABORTION IN CATTLE AND ITS RELATION TO MALTA FEVER.

PMID- 19984990
TI  - SECTIONS OF SURGERY, MEDICINE, ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS AND THERAPEUTICS, JOINT
      DISCUSSION No. 7: DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE.

PMID- 19984992
TI  - SECTIONS OF MEDICINE, AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, JOINT DISCUSSION No. 3:
      DISCUSSION ON HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN MAN AND ANIMALS.

PMID- 19984991
TI  - SECTIONS OF BALNEOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATE MEDICINE,
      MEDICINE, THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY, Joint Discussion No. 2: DISCUSSION ON
      THE NATURE, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT OF FIBROSITIS.

PMID- 19984994
TI  - SECTION OF DERMATOLOGY WITH THE SECTION FOR THE STUDY OF DISEASE IN CHILDREN,
      JOINT DISCUSSION No. 5: DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF INFANTILE
      ECZEMA.

PMID- 19984993
TI  - SECTION OF MEDICINE AND SECTION OF THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY, JOINT
      DISCUSSION No. 4: DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITH
      SANOCRYSIN.

PMID- 19984995
TI  - SECTIONS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY, JOINT DISCUSSION No. 6: DISCUSSION ON
      OPTIC NEURITIS IN ITS RELATION TO SINUSITIS.

PMID- 19984996
TI  - Large "Pharyngostomes," a Complication of Laryngectomy: How to Avoid them:
      Technique of their Closure.

PMID- 19984997
TI  - Furuncle of the Right Nasal Vestibule; Septic Thrombosis of the Cavernous Sinus;
      Lepto-Meningitis; Death; Autopsy. (With Microscopic Examination of the Orbits,
      Cavernous Blood Sinuses, Meninges, Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal Air Sinuses).

PMID- 19984998
TI  - Intranasal Dacryocystostomy.

PMID- 19984999
TI  - The Nasal Sinuses as a Route of Infection in Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19985000
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19985001
TI  - Case of Chronic Pharyngeal and OEsophageal Stenosis.

PMID- 19985002
TI  - Extraction of Two Farthings from the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19985003
TI  - A Case of OEsophageal Carcinoma treated by Intubation with Souttar's Tube.

PMID- 19985005
TI  - Congenital Stenosis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19985004
TI  - A Case of Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia associated with enormous Enlargement of the
      Faucial Tonsils.

PMID- 19985006
TI  - Case of Sarcoma of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19985007
TI  - A Case of Perforation of the Palate.

PMID- 19985008
TI  - An Instrument for the Application of Diathermy to the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19985009
TI  - Nasal Polypus showing the Structure of a Glioma, from a Patient suffering from
      Cerebral Tumour: (Specimen and Lantern Slides.).

PMID- 19985010
TI  - Swelling in the Pharynx.

PMID- 19985011
TI  - Case Showing Re-formation of Frontal Bone removed eight years ago for Acute
      Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19985012
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Vocal Cord with Dysphagia for Liquids.

PMID- 19985013
TI  - Five Cases of Carcinoma treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19985014
TI  - Irremovable Parotid Tumour (Perithelioma) of the Soft Palate and Lateral
      Pharyngeal Wall; treated by Radium and Diathermy.

PMID- 19985015
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985016
TI  - Speech without a Larynx.

PMID- 19985017
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985018
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985020
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985019
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985022
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985021
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985023
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985024
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ATROPHIC RHINITIS.

PMID- 19985025
TI  - Case of Hypertrophied Tonsils with Multiple Outgrowths, probably Tonsillar in
      Structure.

PMID- 19985026
TI  - Case of Paralysis of Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19985027
TI  - Case of Double Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19985028
TI  - Case of Nasal Growth: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985029
TI  - Case of Fibro-Sarcoma of Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19985030
TI  - The Role of the Lymphatics in Laryngeal Disease; and the Role of the Larynx in
      Lymphatic Disease.

PMID- 19985031
TI  - The McKenty-Western Artificial Larynx.

PMID- 19985032
TI  - A Simple but Effective Artificial Larynx.

PMID- 19985033
TI  - Swelling in Larynx: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985035
TI  - Chronic Hyperplasia of Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19985034
TI  - Case of Ozaena apparently cured by Submucous Injection of Paraffin.

PMID- 19985036
TI  - Patient who underwent Total Laryngectomy Two Years ago and has since acquired a
      Useful Voice.

PMID- 19985038
TI  - Methods of Caring for Diseases of the Pharynx, Larynx and Mouth.

PMID- 19985037
TI  - Tracheotomy in Tuberculous Laryngitis.

PMID- 19985039
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF NEPHRITIS.

PMID- 19985040
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MODERN CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

PMID- 19985041
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MODERN CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

PMID- 19985042
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MODERN CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

PMID- 19985043
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MODERN CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

PMID- 19985044
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MODERN CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

PMID- 19985046
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF NEPHRITIS.

PMID- 19985045
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY METABOLIC RATE:
      (ABSTRACT).

PMID- 19985048
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY METABOLIC RATE.

PMID- 19985047
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY METABOLIC RATE.

PMID- 19985049
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY METABOLIC RATE.

PMID- 19985050
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY METABOLIC RATE.

PMID- 19985051
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY METABOLIC RATE.

PMID- 19985052
TI  - Pituitary Glycosuria.

PMID- 19985053
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF NEPHRITIS.

PMID- 19985054
TI  - Hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 19985056
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF NEPHRITIS.

PMID- 19985055
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF NEPHRITIS.

PMID- 19985057
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF NEPHRITIS.

PMID- 19985058
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MODERN CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

PMID- 19985059
TI  - A Case of Pontine Glioma, with Special Reference to the Paths of Gustatory
      Sensation.

PMID- 19985061
TI  - Case of Diplegia-Mental Defect-Retinal Disturbance.

PMID- 19985060
TI  - Case of Hemiplegia with Epileptiform Convulsions; exhibiting Tonic Innervation
      and Tonic Neck Reflex of Magnus and de Kleijn.

PMID- 19985062
TI  - Case of Syringobulbia.

PMID- 19985064
TI  - Korsakow's Syndrome with Double Sixth Nerve Palsy due to Alcohol.

PMID- 19985063
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease in Three Generations.

PMID- 19985065
TI  - Case of Intramedullary Tumour of the Cord Removed by Operation.

PMID- 19985066
TI  - Case of? Distal Myopathy.

PMID- 19985067
TI  - Case of Functional Paraplegia, with Complete Incontinence of Urine. Mitral and
      Tricuspid Stenosis.

PMID- 19985068
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.

PMID- 19985069
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.

PMID- 19985070
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.

PMID- 19985071
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.

PMID- 19985072
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.

PMID- 19985073
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.

PMID- 19985074
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.

PMID- 19985075
TI  - The Pathology of the Parkinsonian Syndrome in Epidemic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19985077
TI  - Case of Multiple Neuritis.? Post-Diphtheritic,? Syphilitic.

PMID- 19985076
TI  - A Case of Post-Encephalitic Parkinsonism (without History of Encephalitis).

PMID- 19985078
TI  - A Case of Post-Encephalitic Parkinsonian Syndrome without History of
      Encephalitis.

PMID- 19985079
TI  - Case of Disordered Respiratory Rate and Involuntary Crying; After-effects of
      Epidemic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19985080
TI  - Case of Double Optic Atrophy with Cerebral Agenesis.

PMID- 19985081
TI  - Case of Paraplegia with Cerebellar Defect in a Child of Syphilitic Parents:
      Sister exhibiting Nystagmus, Bilateral Pes Cavus and Arthritis of Hip: Wassermann
      Reaction Negative in both Patients.

PMID- 19985082
TI  - Diagnostic Value and Therapeutic Application of Per-uterine Insufflation of the
      Fallopian Tubes in Cases of Sterility.

PMID- 19985083
TI  - Specimen of Endothelioma of the Ovary (With report of the Pathology Committee).

PMID- 19985084
TI  - Two Cases of Adeno-fibroma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19985085
TI  - A Contribution to the Technique of Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19985086
TI  - Endometrioma Invading the Bladder removed from a Patient who had never
      Menstruated.

PMID- 19985087
TI  - Endometrioma between the Layers of the Broad Ligament.

PMID- 19985088
TI  - Malignant Endometrioma with Metastases in the Lungs.

PMID- 19985090
TI  - Specimen of a Large Cystic Tumour of the Liver Simulating an Ovarian Cyst.

PMID- 19985089
TI  - Specimen of a Fibromyoma of the Uterus, weighing 47 lb. 5 oz., successfully
      removed from a Patient aged 59.

PMID- 19985091
TI  - A Case of early Endometrioma of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19985093
TI  - Gliosarcoma in a Full-time Stillborn Foetus.

PMID- 19985092
TI  - The Origin of the Lutein Cells of the Corpus Luteum.

PMID- 19985095
TI  - The Treatment of Puerperal Infection by Intra-uterine Injections of Glycerine.

PMID- 19985094
TI  - A Ten Weeks' Pregnancy Complicated by Rupture of an Acute Left-sided Pyosalpinx.

PMID- 19985096
TI  - Some Laboratory Investigations in Connexion with Puerperal Fever: (Carried out
      for the most part in collaboration with Dr. R. M. Fry).

PMID- 19985098
TI  - Hydatidiform Mole: Expulsion, and Death from Pulmonary Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19985097
TI  - Carneous Mole Retained Fifteen Months in Utero.

PMID- 19985099
TI  - Hydatidiform Mole Removed by Hysterotomy.

PMID- 19985100
TI  - A Case of Obstructed Labour due to Conjoined Twins.

PMID- 19985101
TI  - Krukenberg Tumours of the Ovaries.

PMID- 19985102
TI  - Radiography in a Case of Triplet Pregnancy.

PMID- 19985103
TI  - Hydronephrosis Eight Years after Ligature of the Ureter during the Operation of
      Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19985104
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis Complicated by Pregnancy.

PMID- 19985105
TI  - Carcinoma Adenomatodes Cervicis Uteri.
AB  - The case is one of carcinoma adenomatodes (adenoma malignum) cervicis uteri,
      which occurred in a patient, aged 49. Vaginal hysterectomy was performed with the
      Pacquelin cautery, and the patient remains well after 22 years. Attention is
      drawn to the rarity of the disease, and the point is emphasized that in true
      cases of the disease the glandular epithelium is nowhere proliferated, and
      therefore reliance on microscopic examination alone for the diagnosis may lead to
      serious error.

PMID- 19985107
TI  - A Case of Pregnancy complicated by Ureteric Calculus.

PMID- 19985106
TI  - A Method of Endoscopic Examination of the Uterus, with its Indications.

PMID- 19985108
TI  - Benign Polypi of the Vagina in Infants: a Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19985109
TI  - A Revised Conception of Ante-partum Accidental Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19985110
TI  - A Plea for Drastic Reform in the Teaching of Midwifery.

PMID- 19985111
TI  - The Origin and Growth of the Odontological Society: (President's Address).

PMID- 19985112
TI  - A Melanotic Epithelial Odontome in a Child.

PMID- 19985113
TI  - A Case of Exposure of the Dental Pulp of Uncertain Origin.

PMID- 19985114
TI  - Notes of a Complicated Removal of a Third Molar. Fatal Sequel.

PMID- 19985115
TI  - Some Points in the Anatomy of the Capillary of the Tooth Pulp.

PMID- 19985116
TI  - Ivory Exostosis of the Mandible Simulating a Tooth.

PMID- 19985117
TI  - Abnormally-shaped Teeth from the Region of the Premaxilla.

PMID- 19985118
TI  - Circulation of Lymph in the Dentinal Tubules with some Observations on the
      Metabolism of the Dentine.

PMID- 19985119
TI  - Do Epithelial Odontomes Increase in Size by their own Tension?

PMID- 19985120
TI  - The Otolith Reactions.

PMID- 19985121
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL; AND THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
      SURGEON.

PMID- 19985122
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL; AND THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
      SURGEON.

PMID- 19985123
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL; AND THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
      SURGEON.

PMID- 19985124
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL; AND THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
      SURGEON.

PMID- 19985125
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL; AND THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
      SURGEON.

PMID- 19985126
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL; AND THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
      SURGEON.

PMID- 19985128
TI  - Report on a Case of Necrosis of the Petrous Bone with Unusual Complications.

PMID- 19985127
TI  - Report on a Case of Otogenic Encephalitis. Treatment by Decompression. Recovery.

PMID- 19985129
TI  - Fistula of Semicircular Canal.

PMID- 19985130
TI  - Haemorrhagic Types of Ear Disease occurring during Epidemics of Influenza.

PMID- 19985131
TI  - Mosher's Method of Skin Grafting.

PMID- 19985132
TI  - Case of Acute Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19985133
TI  - Case of Cystic Swelling behind the Ear: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985134
TI  - Sequestrum of Semicircular Canals.

PMID- 19985135
TI  - Cystic Serous Meningitis.

PMID- 19985136
TI  - The Chemistry of the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid in Otitic Meningitis.

PMID- 19985137
TI  - Recovery of Facial Nerve after Seven Years' Paralysis.

PMID- 19985138
TI  - An Aqueduct in the Bird's Labyrinth not Previously Recorded, and its Evolutionary
      Significance.

PMID- 19985139
TI  - Case of Sudden and Complete Unilateral Nerve Deafness.

PMID- 19985140
TI  - A Case of Acute Middle-ear Suppuration, Mastoiditis and Cerebellar Abscess;
      Operations; Recovery.

PMID- 19985141
TI  - A Case of Chronic Middle-ear Suppuration, Labyrinthitis and Meningitis;
      Operation; Recovery.

PMID- 19985142
TI  - Six Cases of Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19985143
TI  - Meatal Swelling for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985144
TI  - Case showing Result of Conservative Mastoid Operation on Both Sides.

PMID- 19985145
TI  - Case showing Result of Conservative Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19985146
TI  - Case of Otomycosis.

PMID- 19985147
TI  - Case of Granuloma on Tympanic Membrane with Persistent Ear Discharge.

PMID- 19985149
TI  - A Method of Isolating and Handling Individual Spores and Bacteria.

PMID- 19985148
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURE OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL; AND THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
      SURGEON.

PMID- 19985150
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985152
TI  - Nitrous Oxide: Its Impurities and the establishment of Tests Suitable for
      Official Adoption.

PMID- 19985151
TI  - Apnoea, Dyspnoea and Cyanosis in Relation to Anaesthesia: Part II.-Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19985153
TI  - Anaesthesia in Relation to Disturbances of the Circulation.

PMID- 19985154
TI  - Some Bearings of the Physiology of the Respiration on the Administration of
      Anaesthetics.

PMID- 19985155
TI  - Recent Investigations concerning Nitrous Oxide, and the Ignition Points of some
      Anaesthetic Vapours.

PMID- 19985156
TI  - On an Attempt to Alleviate the Acidosis of Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19985157
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985158
TI  - Anaesthesia in Urological Surgery.

PMID- 19985160
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985159
TI  - Gas-and-Oxygen Anaesthesia in Abdominal Surgery; and "Secondary Saturation.".

PMID- 19985161
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985163
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985162
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985164
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985165
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985166
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985168
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19985167
TI  - Apnoea, Dyspnoea and Cyanosis in Relation to Anaesthesia: Part I.-Physiology.

PMID- 19985169
TI  - A Note on the Endocarditis of Swine Erysipelas and its Relation to the Cardiac
      Infection of Man.

PMID- 19985170
TI  - Some Recent Advances in our Knowledge of Plant Poisoning.

PMID- 19985171
TI  - The Relation of Quantity of Vitamin B to the Quantity of Food.

PMID- 19985172
TI  - New Facts Concerning the Fat-soluble Vitamins.

PMID- 19985173
TI  - The Relation of Wild Animals to Certain Diseases in Man.

PMID- 19985174
TI  - The Therapeutic Effects of Ultra-violet Radiation and High-frequency Currents in
      Animals.

PMID- 19985175
TI  - Some Diseases of Meat and Their Relation to Public Health.

PMID- 19985177
TI  - National Death-rates in Relation to National Differences in Methods of Housing.

PMID- 19985176
TI  - On the Management of Scarlatinal Epidemics in Schools and Institutions.

PMID- 19985178
TI  - The Influence of the Universities upon the Advancement of the Public Health.

PMID- 19985179
TI  - Experimental Epidemiology: Some General Considerations.

PMID- 19985180
TI  - Typhoid Fever in Northern Ireland.

PMID- 19985181
TI  - The Conditions Influencing the Incidence and Spread of Cholera in India.

PMID- 19985182
TI  - The Deaths of Merchant Seamen in 1924.

PMID- 19985183
TI  - The Medical Staff of King Edward the Third.

PMID- 19985184
TI  - Glisson as an Orthopaedic Surgeon.

PMID- 19985185
TI  - Antimonyall Cupps: Pocula Emetica or Calices Vomitorii.

PMID- 19985186
TI  - Celsus' De Medicina-A Learned and Experienced Practitioner upon what the Art of
      Medicine could then Accomplish.

PMID- 19985187
TI  - Voltaire and Medicine: Part I.

PMID- 19985188
TI  - Assyrian Medical Texts: II.

PMID- 19985190
TI  - On a Romano-British Castration Clamp used in the Rights of Cybele.

PMID- 19985189
TI  - Voltaire and Medicine: Part II.

PMID- 19985191
TI  - Case of Krukenberg's Spindles.

PMID- 19985192
TI  - Two Cases of Penetrating Wound of the Globe.

PMID- 19985193
TI  - Cases of Central Retinitis.

PMID- 19985194
TI  - Cases of Black Cataract.

PMID- 19985195
TI  - Case of Ichthyosis of the Skin, with Ectropion.

PMID- 19985196
TI  - Case of Neurofibromatosis with Buphthalmos and Keratectasia. Entropion of Lower
      Lid.

PMID- 19985198
TI  - Operation for Paralytic Strabismus.

PMID- 19985197
TI  - Case of Cyst of Iris (? Ectodermal Cyst).

PMID- 19985199
TI  - Case of Severe Cyclitis.

PMID- 19985200
TI  - Case of Filament in the Macula.

PMID- 19985201
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE FACE, IN THE REGION OF THE EYE: (WITH THE
      SECTION OF SURGERY.).

PMID- 19985202
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE FACE, IN THE REGION OF THE EYE: (WITH THE
      SECTION OF SURGERY.).

PMID- 19985203
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE FACE, IN THE REGION OF THE EYE: (WITH THE
      SECTION OF SURGERY.).

PMID- 19985204
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE FACE, IN THE REGION OF THE EYE: (WITH THE
      SECTION OF SURGERY.).

PMID- 19985205
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985206
TI  - Two Specimens of Foreign Body in the Eye.

PMID- 19985208
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE FACE, IN THE REGION OF THE EYE: (WITH THE
      SECTION OF SURGERY.).

PMID- 19985207
TI  - Case of Penetrating Injury of the Eyeball.

PMID- 19985209
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE FACE, IN THE REGION OF THE EYE: (WITH THE
      SECTION OF SURGERY.).

PMID- 19985210
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLASTIC OPERATIONS ON THE FACE, IN THE REGION OF THE EYE: (WITH THE
      SECTION OF SURGERY.).

PMID- 19985211
TI  - Case of Re-attachment of Retina after Spontaneous Detachment and Operation.

PMID- 19985212
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985213
TI  - Case of Congenital Ptosis: Young's Operation.

PMID- 19985214
TI  - Vessels of New Formation on the Anterior Surface of Iris Emerging from the Pupil
      and Branching Outwards.

PMID- 19985215
TI  - Ocular Torticollis.

PMID- 19985216
TI  - Plastic Repair of Perforation of Cornea.

PMID- 19985217
TI  - Perforating Wound of the Right Eye and Division of Upper Lid.

PMID- 19985218
TI  - Coloboma of the Lens.

PMID- 19985219
TI  - Posterior Lenticonus.

PMID- 19985220
TI  - Sympathetic Ophthalmia.

PMID- 19985221
TI  - Case of Neuro-retinitis.

PMID- 19985222
TI  - A Case of Infantile Glaucoma with imperfect Development of the Angle of the
      Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19985224
TI  - The Visual Field in Atheroma of the Retinal Vessels.

PMID- 19985223
TI  - Black-Spot Choroiditis.

PMID- 19985226
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985225
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985227
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985228
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985229
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985231
TI  - Case of Retinitis (? Result of Haemorrhage).

PMID- 19985230
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE EYE.

PMID- 19985232
TI  - Case of (?) Metastatic Inflammatory Deposit in Cloquet's Canal, in both Eyes.

PMID- 19985233
TI  - The Physiology of Muscular Action: (President's Address).

PMID- 19985234
TI  - Case of Charcot's Disease of the Spine.

PMID- 19985235
TI  - A Case of Lumbar Sympathetic Ramisectomy, showing well-marked Vasomotor Paresis
      twelve months after Operation.

PMID- 19985236
TI  - Anterior Dislocation of the Semilunar Bone, with Rupture of the Radial Artery.

PMID- 19985237
TI  - Genu Recurvatum following Excision for Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19985238
TI  - Specimen of Secondary Ovarian Carcinoma of the Scapula.

PMID- 19985239
TI  - Partial Anterior Dislocation of the Hip.

PMID- 19985240
TI  - Ununited Fracture of the Neck of the Femur in a Child.

PMID- 19985242
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985241
TI  - A Case of Osteomalacia with Fibrocystic Disease.

PMID- 19985243
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985244
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985245
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985246
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985248
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985247
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985249
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985251
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985250
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FORE-ARM EXCLUDING FRACTURES OF
      THE OLECRANON AND THOSE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS OF THE COLLES TYPE.

PMID- 19985252
TI  - A Case of Symmetrical Synovitis of Knees.

PMID- 19985253
TI  - Case of Fibrous Ankylosis of the Knee, treated successfully by Manipulation.

PMID- 19985254
TI  - Case of "Scaphoid" Scapula.

PMID- 19985256
TI  - Bilateral Os Tibiale Externum, with Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Navicular.

PMID- 19985255
TI  - A Case of True Congenital Hypertrophy of the Left Lower Limb.

PMID- 19985257
TI  - Case of Generalized Fibrocystic Disease of the Bones.

PMID- 19985258
TI  - Case of Multiple Deformities.

PMID- 19985259
TI  - Case of Bow Legs.

PMID- 19985260
TI  - Case of Tuberculous Disease of the Sacro-iliac Joint.

PMID- 19985261
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE LATE RESULTS OF OPERATION FOR CHRONIC PAINFUL HIP.

PMID- 19985262
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE LATE RESULTS OF OPERATION FOR CHRONIC PAINFUL HIP.

PMID- 19985264
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE LATE RESULTS OF OPERATION FOR CHRONIC PAINFUL HIP.

PMID- 19985263
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE LATE RESULTS OF OPERATION FOR CHRONIC PAINFUL HIP.

PMID- 19985265
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE LATE RESULTS OF OPERATION FOR CHRONIC PAINFUL HIP.

PMID- 19985266
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE LATE RESULTS OF OPERATION FOR CHRONIC PAINFUL HIP.

PMID- 19985267
TI  - Congenital Synostosis of Humerus and Radius occurring in Three Children of One
      Family.

PMID- 19985269
TI  - Case of Charcot's Disease of the Hip-joint in a Girl aged 17.

PMID- 19985268
TI  - Case of Congenital Dislocation of Both Hips, treated by Bifurcation Operation.

PMID- 19985270
TI  - Case of Unintentional Arthroplasty of the Hip.

PMID- 19985272
TI  - The Problem of the Mongol.

PMID- 19985271
TI  - President's Address (Abridged): Progress in Psychiatry.

PMID- 19985273
TI  - The Clinical Relationships between Psychological Disorders.

PMID- 19985274
TI  - Cerebral Arterio-sclerosis.

PMID- 19985275
TI  - Brief Note on a Case of Hemiatrophy in an Infant.

PMID- 19985277
TI  - A Case of Hirschsprung's Disease with Optic Atrophy and Old Choroiditis.

PMID- 19985276
TI  - Case of Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19985278
TI  - Lesion of Mid-brain and Pons.

PMID- 19985279
TI  - Case of Incoordination-Probable Astatic-Hypotonic Form of Cerebral Diplegia.

PMID- 19985280
TI  - Case of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19985281
TI  - Case of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19985282
TI  - Case of Failure of Ossification and other Abnormalities of Bones.

PMID- 19985283
TI  - Case of Enlarged Thymus, with Stridor and Tetany.

PMID- 19985284
TI  - Case of Swelling of the Knees probably due to the Toxins of Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19985285
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985286
TI  - A Case of true Narcolepsy: Onset at the Age of 12 Years.

PMID- 19985287
TI  - A Family Affected with Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19985288
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985290
TI  - Case of Cardiac Infantilism.

PMID- 19985289
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985291
TI  - Case of Post-diphtheritic Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19985292
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985293
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985294
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985295
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19985296
TI  - Measles Complicated by Gangrene of the Legs.

PMID- 19985298
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Banti's Disease.

PMID- 19985297
TI  - A Case of Congenital Stenosis of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19985300
TI  - Case of Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19985299
TI  - Case of (?) Lymphocytic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19985301
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy.

PMID- 19985302
TI  - Case of Congenital Ichthyosis and Cyclical Vomiting.

PMID- 19985303
TI  - Case of Obesity? Pituitary in Origin.

PMID- 19985305
TI  - Group of Cases of Lamblia Enteritis.

PMID- 19985304
TI  - Case of Auricular Fibrillation.

PMID- 19985307
TI  - Case of Partial Atlanto-axial Dislocation.

PMID- 19985306
TI  - Case of Congenital Cystic Kidneys and Arterio-sclerosis.

PMID- 19985308
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Poliomyelitis, with some Spasticity).

PMID- 19985310
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (? Infantile Hemiplegia).

PMID- 19985309
TI  - Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19985311
TI  - Case of Partial Albinism.

PMID- 19985313
TI  - Case of Interstitial Keratitis accompanied by Periostitis of the Tibia due to
      Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19985312
TI  - Case of Wrist-drop in a Child.

PMID- 19985314
TI  - (?) Case of Kala-azar.

PMID- 19985315
TI  - A Case of (?) Renal Sarcoma showing remarkable Improvement after Varicella.

PMID- 19985316
TI  - Case of Brittle Bones and Blue Sclerotics.

PMID- 19985318
TI  - Congenital Syphilis: Cirrhosis of Liver.

PMID- 19985317
TI  - Two Cases of Post-encephalitic Hyperpnoea.

PMID- 19985320
TI  - Case of Fibrillation of the Abdominal and Shoulder-girdle Muscles (? Progressive
      Muscular Atrophy) as a Sequel of Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19985319
TI  - Case of Congenital OEdema of the Feet.

PMID- 19985321
TI  - Case of Juvenile Parenchymatous Neuro-syphilis.

PMID- 19985322
TI  - Case of Splenic Anaemia (Banti's Disease).

PMID- 19985323
TI  - Case of Pyloric Stenosis (Pylorospasm).

PMID- 19985324
TI  - Case of Tuberous Sclerosis.

PMID- 19985325
TI  - Case of Chorea, with Extensive Vasomotor Changes.

PMID- 19985326
TI  - Case of Chorea, with Extensive Vasomotor Disturbance.

PMID- 19985327
TI  - Case of Familial Microcephaly.

PMID- 19985328
TI  - Tremor: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985329
TI  - Enlargement of Liver: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985330
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Familial Cirrhosis of the Liver.

PMID- 19985331
TI  - Polyarthritis with Scleroderma.

PMID- 19985333
TI  - Polyarthritis with Enlargement of Lymph Glands.

PMID- 19985332
TI  - Two Cases of Cardiospasm.

PMID- 19985334
TI  - Syphilitic Pseudo-Osteo-arthritis.

PMID- 19985335
TI  - Spring Catarrh.

PMID- 19985336
TI  - Midget.

PMID- 19985338
TI  - Generalized Tremor, commencing in Infancy.

PMID- 19985337
TI  - Congenital Glaucoma.

PMID- 19985340
TI  - Ocular Torticollis.

PMID- 19985339
TI  - Cardiospasm.

PMID- 19985341
TI  - Case of Giant Naevus.

PMID- 19985343
TI  - The Treatment of Leprosy at Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.

PMID- 19985342
TI  - Two Cases of Abnormal Osteogenesis in the Same Family.

PMID- 19985344
TI  - Case of Kala-azar in a Child treated with Intravenous Sodium Antimony Tartrate.
      Death. Microscopical Examination of the Various Viscera.

PMID- 19985346
TI  - President's Address: Health Conditions in the Colonies.

PMID- 19985345
TI  - Pseudoparasites in the Faeces of Man.

PMID- 19985348
TI  - Host-Parasitic Relationships among Human Protozoa.

PMID- 19985347
TI  - Some Aspects of Therapeutic Malaria.

PMID- 19985349
TI  - Some Reflections upon Villous-covered Tumours of the Urinary Bladder:
      (President's Address).

PMID- 19985350
TI  - Collection of Thirty-three Vesical Stones.

PMID- 19985351
TI  - Kidney with Secondary Deposits (following Removal of the Opposite Kidney for
      Hypernephroma).

PMID- 19985352
TI  - Rupture of the Frenal Artery.

PMID- 19985353
TI  - Rupture of the Bladder in Acute Gonorrhoea.

PMID- 19985355
TI  - Pyelograms of an Injury to the Kidney.

PMID- 19985354
TI  - Cystogram of a Growth of the Bladder.

PMID- 19985356
TI  - Kidney showing Renal Stone and Hypernephroma.

PMID- 19985357
TI  - Specimen exhibiting Stricture of Ureter.

PMID- 19985359
TI  - Specimen of Congenital Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19985358
TI  - Specimen of Cystic Epididymitis.

PMID- 19985360
TI  - Two Cases of Hydronephrosis complicated by Obstruction to the Ureter by Renal
      Blood-vessels.

PMID- 19985361
TI  - Papilloma of the Renal Pelvis diagnosed by Pyelography.

PMID- 19985362
TI  - Case of Hydronephrosis with Intermittent Haematuria as Outstanding Symptom.

PMID- 19985363
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985364
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985365
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985366
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985367
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985368
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985370
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985369
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985371
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985372
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985373
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985375
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985374
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PYELOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985376
TI  - Remarks on Four Cases of Horse-shoe Kidney.

PMID- 19985377
TI  - The Musculature of the Bladder.

PMID- 19985379
TI  - Pyelograms of a Ruptured Kidney.

PMID- 19985378
TI  - Tuberculous Right Kidney. Hydronephrosis of Left.

PMID- 19985380
TI  - Bladder and Prostatic Cavity Fourteen Years after Prostatectomy.

PMID- 19985381
TI  - Specimen of Staphylococcal Infection of the Kidney.

PMID- 19985382
TI  - Sacculus of Bladder.

PMID- 19985383
TI  - Ureteric Calculi.

PMID- 19985384
TI  - Specimen of Genital Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19985385
TI  - Multiple Renal Calculi in a Child.

PMID- 19985386
TI  - Complete Caseation of Kidney.

PMID- 19985387
TI  - Congenital Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19985388
TI  - Diverticulum of Bladder.

PMID- 19985389
TI  - Multiple Papillomata of Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19985390
TI  - Two Cases of Vesical Calculi following Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19985391
TI  - Case of Prostatic Calculi in a Patient aged 32.

PMID- 19985392
TI  - Case of Ectopia Vesicae.

PMID- 19985393
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "PRE-CANCEROUS STATES.".

PMID- 19985395
TI  - Case of Paget's Disease.

PMID- 19985394
TI  - Sarcoma of the Femur, Spontaneous Fracture.

PMID- 19985396
TI  - A Case of Chondroma of Chest Wall.

PMID- 19985397
TI  - A Case of Spindle-celled Sarcoma of the Left Femur treated by Radium and
      Amputation Distal to the Tumour.

PMID- 19985398
TI  - Sarcoma of Left Breast.

PMID- 19985399
TI  - Ulcerating Carcinoma of the Breast treated by Radium.

PMID- 19985400
TI  - A Left Inguinal Hernial Sac containing a Supernumerary Spleen.

PMID- 19985401
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE COMPLICATIONS OF EXCISION OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19985402
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE COMPLICATIONS OF EXCISION OF THE RECTUM.

PMID- 19985403
TI  - Case of Left Hydronephrosis Six years after Abdomino-perineal Excision of the
      Rectum for Carcinoma Recti.

PMID- 19985404
TI  - President's Address: The Relationship of Proctology to Greater Medicine.

PMID- 19985405
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "PRE-CANCEROUS STATES.": THE PRE-CARCINOMATOUS STATE IN THE BREAST.

PMID- 19985406
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "PRE-CANCEROUS STATES.".

PMID- 19985407
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985408
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985409
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985410
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985411
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985412
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "PRE-CANCEROUS STATES.": PRE-CANCEROUS CONDITIONS OF THE ALIMENTARY
      TRACT.

PMID- 19985413
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985414
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985415
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985416
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985417
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.

PMID- 19985418
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF THE CLOSED METHODS IN RESECTION OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19985419
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF THE CLOSED METHODS IN RESECTION OF THE COLON: ASEPTIC
      RESECTION OF THE INTESTINE.

PMID- 19985420
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF THE CLOSED METHODS IN RESECTION OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19985421
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF THE CLOSED METHODS IN RESECTION OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19985422
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF THE CLOSED METHODS IN RESECTION OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19985424
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF THE CLOSED METHODS IN RESECTION OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19985425
TI  - DISCUSSION ON "PRE-CANCEROUS STATES.".

PMID- 19985423
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF THE CLOSED METHODS IN RESECTION OF THE COLON.

PMID- 19985426
TI  - Presidential Address: Some Difficulties in the Use of Insulin.

PMID- 19985427
TI  - Research in the Medical Services.

PMID- 19985428
TI  - Visual Problems in regard to Flying and Industrial Fatigue from a Service
      Standpoint.

PMID- 19985429
TI  - The Pathology of Mustard Gas Burns and its Relation to Problems of Prevention and
      Treatment.

PMID- 19985430
TI  - The Prevention of Scurvy in the Navy.

PMID- 19985431
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Multiple Bony Lesions, Shown in November, 1925.

PMID- 19985432
TI  - Some Historical and Clinical Remarks on the Effect of Light on the Skin and Skin
      Diseases.

PMID- 19985433
TI  - Tumour of Skull: Jacksonian Epilepsy.

PMID- 19985434
TI  - Cirrhosis of Liver; Telangiectases; Deformity of Metacarpals.

PMID- 19985435
TI  - A Case of Arthritis and Osteo-porosis.

PMID- 19985437
TI  - A Case of Paget's Disease with Calcification of the Arteries.

PMID- 19985436
TI  - Men, Booms, Steady Progress: President's Address.

PMID- 19985438
TI  - On Immunization against Certain Infectious Diseases: President's Address.

PMID- 19985440
TI  - A Clinical Study of Intracranial Tumours and especially of Some Errors in their
      Diagnosis: President's Address.

PMID- 19985439
TI  - The Copper Plates in Raynalde and Geminus.

PMID- 19985441
TI  - Left Recurrent Laryngeal Paralysis and Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19985443
TI  - A Case of Graves' Disease in a Child.

PMID- 19985442
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Congenital Heart Disease).

PMID- 19985444
TI  - Cases of Peripheral Choroiditis.

PMID- 19985445
TI  - Angioma of Retina of both Eyes.

PMID- 19985446
TI  - Choroidal Sclerosis.

PMID- 19985447
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease and Complete Heart Block.

PMID- 19985448
TI  - A Case of Syringomyelia, with Somewhat Acromegaloid Features.

PMID- 19985449
TI  - Progress in Ophthalmology: President's Address.

PMID- 19985450
TI  - Case of Nodular Leprosy, previously shown; improved under Treatment.

PMID- 19985451
TI  - Glossitis Migrans; a large unknown Coccus present.

PMID- 19985452
TI  - Case of Traumatic Alopecia.

PMID- 19985453
TI  - Infection (? Tuberculous) of the Skin following Electrolysis for Removal of Hair.

PMID- 19985454
TI  - Case of Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 19985455
TI  - The Physico-chemical Action of Interrupted Currents in Relation to their
      Therapeutic Effects.

PMID- 19985456
TI  - Some Important Differences in Gynaecological Practice. : President's Address.

PMID- 19985457
TI  - Endometrioma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19985458
TI  - The Outcome of 214 Radical Abdominal Operations for Carcinoma of the Cervix
      Performed Five or More Years Ago.

PMID- 19985459
TI  - Orthopaedics at a Country Children's Hospital: President's Address.

PMID- 19985460
TI  - Modern Trend of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Immunization and Its Interpretation:
      President's Address.

PMID- 19985461
TI  - The Wider Aspect of Service Medical Work: President's Address.

PMID- 19985462
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INTRATHORACIC NEW GROWTHS.

PMID- 19985463
TI  - Three Cases of Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19985464
TI  - A Child Recovering from Aphasia and Right-sided Hemiplegia: Attacks of Jacksonian
      Epilepsy on the Right Side.

PMID- 19985466
TI  - Epiloia.

PMID- 19985465
TI  - Facial Asymmetry.

PMID- 19985467
TI  - Presidential Address.

PMID- 19985468
TI  - Two Cases: (1) Macular Atrophy of Syphilitic Origin; (2) Lichen Nitidus;
      Confluent Type.

PMID- 19985469
TI  - Two Cases of Pigmentation: (1) Argyria; (2) Pigmentation of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19985470
TI  - A Case of Recklinghausen's Disease, shown in 1905, as an Early Pigmentary "Forme
      Fruste.".

PMID- 19985471
TI  - Pigmentation of the Thigh, with Varicose Veins and a Condition somewhat
      resembling so-called "Multiple Idiopathic Haemorrhagic (Pigment) Sarcoma"
      (Kaposi).

PMID- 19985472
TI  - Hypoplasia (Aplasia) Pilorum Moniliformis.

PMID- 19985473
TI  - Case of Lichen Spinulosus.

PMID- 19985474
TI  - A Question on the Teaching of Ether Anaesthesia: With a Report of Four Deaths
      under Ether: President's Address.

PMID- 19985475
TI  - Mediastinal Tumour with Chylothorax.

PMID- 19985476
TI  - Pseudo-Hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19985477
TI  - Charcot's Arthropathy of Wrists.

PMID- 19985478
TI  - Carcinoma of Thyroid in a Boy aged 12.

PMID- 19985479
TI  - Abdominal Tumour.

PMID- 19985480
TI  - Deformity of Right Shoulder, with Associated Deformities of Ribs and Cervical
      Spine.

PMID- 19985481
TI  - Case of Acrocyanosis.

PMID- 19985482
TI  - Diaphyseal Aclasia with Ulnar Nerve Weakness.

PMID- 19985483
TI  - Tuberculosis in Captive Wild Animals as Compared and Contrasted with the Disease
      in Man.

PMID- 19985484
TI  - The Hospital in Relation to the Public Health.

PMID- 19985485
TI  - Cinematograph Demonstration: Effects of Nerve Anastomosis on the Movements of the
      Vocal Cords and Diaphragm.

PMID- 19985486
TI  - Perforation of the Palate.

PMID- 19985487
TI  - Acute Frontal Sinus Suppuration: an Unusual Variation in the Anatomy.

PMID- 19985488
TI  - A New Frontal Sinus Operation.

PMID- 19985489
TI  - Epithelioma of Left Tonsil, Left Anterior Pillar of Fauces, Tongue and Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19985491
TI  - Total Removal of Tongue by Diathermy for Carcinoma.

PMID- 19985490
TI  - Epithelioma of the Tonsil in a Woman.

PMID- 19985492
TI  - Case of Subglottic Stricture of Trachea.

PMID- 19985493
TI  - Arrest of Widespread Post-operative Osteomyelitis of Face and Cranial Vault.

PMID- 19985494
TI  - Neuro-fibro-sarcoma.

PMID- 19985496
TI  - Monocle Mirror.

PMID- 19985495
TI  - Adenoma of the Parotid.

PMID- 19985497
TI  - The Lymph Supply of the Dentine and Enamel.

PMID- 19985498
TI  - Unusual Case of Congential Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19985499
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Spine.

PMID- 19985500
TI  - Bony Ankylosis of Interphalangeal Joint of Finger.

PMID- 19985501
TI  - Recurring Outward Subluxation of Right Carop-metacarpal Joint.

PMID- 19985502
TI  - Scaphoid Tumour: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985503
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE OESOPHAGUS.

PMID- 19985504
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE OESOPHAGUS: THE INTUBATION METHOD.

PMID- 19985505
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE OESOPHAGUS.

PMID- 19985506
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE OESOPHAGUS.

PMID- 19985507
TI  - Innocent Tumours of the Rectum and Colon: President's Address.

PMID- 19985509
TI  - The Treatment of Gout: President's Address.

PMID- 19985508
TI  - Intramural Abscess of Colon Simulating Carcinoma and Secondary to Adenoma.

PMID- 19985510
TI  - The Relative Numbers of Male and Female Gametocytes in Human Malaria (Plasmodium
      vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae) and Hoemoproteus in Birds.

PMID- 19985511
TI  - Some Modern Biological Conceptions of Hydatid.

PMID- 19985512
TI  - Some Anatomical Factors in Urinary Infections: President's Address.

PMID- 19985513
TI  - Peace Time Military Surgery.

PMID- 19985514
TI  - The Use of Insulin in Surgical Operations.

PMID- 19985515
TI  - Frohlich's Syndrome.

PMID- 19985516
TI  - Hemiplegia of Sudden Onset.

PMID- 19985517
TI  - Intrapulmonary Cyst.

PMID- 19985518
TI  - Striae Patellares following Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19985520
TI  - Two Cases of Familial Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19985519
TI  - "Winged" Scapula.

PMID- 19985521
TI  - Congenital Cirrhosis of Liver.

PMID- 19985523
TI  - Two Cases of Hypertelorism.

PMID- 19985522
TI  - Acrodynia and Rickets.

PMID- 19985524
TI  - A Chondro-Dystrophy.

PMID- 19985525
TI  - Congenital Tabo-paresis, treated with Malaria.

PMID- 19985526
TI  - Congenital Cystic Hygroma.

PMID- 19985527
TI  - Chronic Interstitial Nephritis; a Renal Dwarf.

PMID- 19985528
TI  - Haemangioma of Tongue.

PMID- 19985529
TI  - Old Case of Osteomyelitis of Astragalus.

PMID- 19985530
TI  - Case of Acrocyanosis.

PMID- 19985531
TI  - Lymphangioma of Tongue.

PMID- 19985533
TI  - Two Cases of Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Left Auricle.

PMID- 19985532
TI  - Sebaceous Horn.

PMID- 19985534
TI  - A Case of Sexual Precocity with Infantile Paralysis.

PMID- 19985535
TI  - Two Cases of Serratus Magnus Paralysis.

PMID- 19985536
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva with the Face only Affected.

PMID- 19985537
TI  - Ulcer of Hand for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985539
TI  - Case of (?) Aneurysm of the Common Carotid Artery.

PMID- 19985538
TI  - Mitral Stenosis, Tricuspid Stenosis and Incompetence; Auricular Fibrillation;
      Varix of Right External Jugular Vein.

PMID- 19985540
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19985541
TI  - Case of Parapsoriasis of Mixed Type.

PMID- 19985542
TI  - Case of Epithelioma on Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19985543
TI  - Ulcerating Granuloma.

PMID- 19985544
TI  - Paget's Disease.

PMID- 19985545
TI  - Two Cases of Boeck's Sarcoid. (Benign Lymphogranuloma of Schaumann.) Treated by
      Intramuscular Injections of Sodium Morrhuate.

PMID- 19985546
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. (?) Erythema Nodosum.

PMID- 19985547
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris with Epithelioma.

PMID- 19985549
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: (?) Lymphangioma.

PMID- 19985548
TI  - Case of Permanent Freckles treated with Pure Carbolic Acid.

PMID- 19985550
TI  - Case of Cutis Verticis Gyrata.

PMID- 19985552
TI  - The London Dentist of the Eighteenth Century.

PMID- 19985551
TI  - Pemphigus of the Conjunctiva, Mouth, Pharynx and Groin.

PMID- 19985553
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985554
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985555
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985556
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985557
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985558
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985559
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985560
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985561
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLITIS.

PMID- 19985562
TI  - A Case of Pregnancy with Ascites.

PMID- 19985563
TI  - A Case of Ovarian Carcinoma with Peritoneal Metastases, treated by Transfusion of
      Maternal Blood and Injections of Radiated Ascitic Fluid.

PMID- 19985564
TI  - Some Observations on the Tooth Band and on the Enamel Organs of the Human
      Deciduous Teeth.

PMID- 19985565
TI  - Acute Pemphigus of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19985566
TI  - Massive Exudation in the Retina in a Boy.

PMID- 19985567
TI  - Case of Electric Retinitis.

PMID- 19985568
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of Right Upper Lid.

PMID- 19985569
TI  - Mass Obscuring the Optic Disc.

PMID- 19985570
TI  - Interstitial Keratitis, with Marked Radial Deep Corneal Striation (Corneal
      OEdema).

PMID- 19985571
TI  - Patches of Choroiditis at the Maculae, Secondary to Double Antral Suppuration.

PMID- 19985572
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985573
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985574
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985575
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985576
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985577
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985578
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985579
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985580
TI  - DISCUSSION ON COLOBOMA OF THE MACULA.

PMID- 19985581
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985582
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985583
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985584
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985585
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985586
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985587
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985588
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985590
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985589
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985591
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND RESULTS OF FRACTURES OF THE UPPER END OF THE
      FEMUR IN ADULTS (EXCLUDING THE SHAFT).

PMID- 19985592
TI  - Dermatitis of the External Meatus.

PMID- 19985593
TI  - Common Inflammatory Affections of the Skin of the Outer Ear.

PMID- 19985594
TI  - Intractable Forms of Dermatitis of the External Ear in cases of Chronic
      Suppurative Otitis Media.

PMID- 19985595
TI  - Otosclerosis associated with Blue Sclerotics and Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19985596
TI  - A Case of Congenital (?) Deafness with Malformation of the Bony and Membranous
      Labyrinths on both sides. Epidiascope Demonstration.

PMID- 19985598
TI  - Case of Auditory Disharmony.

PMID- 19985597
TI  - Recurrent Meningitis from a Leaking Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19985599
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES: THE VALUE OF PERI
      ARTERIAL SYMPATHECTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE.

PMID- 19985601
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985600
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985602
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985604
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985603
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985606
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985605
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985607
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF GANGRENE OF THE EXTREMITIES.

PMID- 19985608
TI  - Thomas's Splint Drill.

PMID- 19985609
TI  - Abdominal Hernia in the Royal Navy.

PMID- 19985610
TI  - The Physiological Basis of Hypnosis and Suggestion.

PMID- 19985612
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985611
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985613
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985614
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985615
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985617
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985616
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985618
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985619
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985620
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985621
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985622
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985623
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985624
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985625
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985626
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985627
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985628
TI  - Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19985629
TI  - Rickets.

PMID- 19985630
TI  - Minor Manifestations of Congenital Syphilis: Three Cases.

PMID- 19985631
TI  - Megalocolon.

PMID- 19985632
TI  - Haemangiectatic Hypertrophy of the Arm.

PMID- 19985633
TI  - Bilateral OEdema of Feet.

PMID- 19985634
TI  - Right Hemiatrophy.

PMID- 19985635
TI  - Tumour in the Kidney Region.

PMID- 19985636
TI  - Left-sided Muscular Wasting (Erb's Palsy Type) for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985638
TI  - Radicular Paresis of the Right Hand associated with Abnormal Bone Formation of
      the Seventh Cervical Vertebra and Sprengel's Shoulder.

PMID- 19985637
TI  - Acromegaly of (?) Traumatic Origin, with Proliferative Changes in the
      Interphalangeal Joints of the Left Thumb and Middle Finger.

PMID- 19985639
TI  - Case of Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica a year after
      Splenectomy.

PMID- 19985640
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of Lip.

PMID- 19985641
TI  - Complete Heart-block.

PMID- 19985643
TI  - Paget's Disease with Renal Calculi.

PMID- 19985642
TI  - Aleukaemic Lymphadenosis.

PMID- 19985644
TI  - Tumour of Calf.

PMID- 19985645
TI  - Haemangioma Causing Jacksonian Epilepsy.

PMID- 19985646
TI  - Cirsoid Aneurysm of Right Suprascapular Artery.

PMID- 19985648
TI  - Prurigo of Besnier and Rasch in an Adult.

PMID- 19985647
TI  - The Helminth Parasites of Animals and Human Disease.

PMID- 19985649
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus affecting Fingers only.

PMID- 19985650
TI  - Lymphoblastic Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19985651
TI  - Two Cases of Recurrent Cellulitis of the Face.

PMID- 19985652
TI  - Unusual Type of Naevus.

PMID- 19985653
TI  - Leiomyoma Cutis.

PMID- 19985654
TI  - Maculo-anaesthetic Lepra.

PMID- 19985655
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus treated by Krysolgan.

PMID- 19985656
TI  - Sarcomatosis Cutis (Type Perrin).

PMID- 19985657
TI  - Disfigurement from Tar Impregnation.

PMID- 19985658
TI  - On the Possibility of Reducing the Rate of Mortality from Cancer of the Breast
      and Cancer of the Uterus.

PMID- 19985659
TI  - Letter by Jenner and Portraits of Francis Home, of Edinburgh (1719-1813).

PMID- 19985660
TI  - Eighteen Letters written by Edward Jenner to Alexander Marcet between the Years
      1803-1814, presented to the Library of the Royal Society of Medicine by Dr.
      William Pasteur.

PMID- 19985662
TI  - Specimen (with Microscopic Slide) of a Parotid Tumour, probably arising in the
      Right Supratonsillar Fossa.

PMID- 19985661
TI  - Foreign Body removed from Right Bronchus.

PMID- 19985663
TI  - Tumour of Larynx: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985664
TI  - Tumour of Upper Jaw originating in Maxillary Sinus, and Non-malignant Stricture
      of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19985665
TI  - Perforation of Hard Palate.

PMID- 19985667
TI  - Orbital Abscess and Ethmoiditis.

PMID- 19985666
TI  - A Case of Chronic Diffuse Tuberculosis of Nose, Pharynx, Epiglottis and Larynx.

PMID- 19985668
TI  - Acute Frontal Sinusitis associated with an Orbital Abscess.

PMID- 19985670
TI  - Case of Tonsillitis: possibly Tuberculous.

PMID- 19985669
TI  - Ulceration of Epiglottis; for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985672
TI  - Double Recurrent Paralysis of the Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19985671
TI  - Fibroma on Anterior Surface of Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19985673
TI  - Tumour of Submaxillary Gland.

PMID- 19985674
TI  - Case of Laryngitis: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985675
TI  - Non-Eruption of Teeth.

PMID- 19985676
TI  - Retinal Petechiasis a Clinical Entity of Auto-Intoxication.

PMID- 19985677
TI  - Case of Persistent Post-Auricular Pain.

PMID- 19985678
TI  - A Case of Mastoiditis with Perisinus Abscess and Lateral Sinus Thrombosis
      presenting Unusual Features.

PMID- 19985680
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis, without Otorrhoea: Septicaemia; Subsequent
      Tonsillectomy; Acute Nephritis; Recovery.

PMID- 19985679
TI  - A Case of Rudimentary Auricle.

PMID- 19985681
TI  - Case of Rodent Ulcer Metastasis.

PMID- 19985682
TI  - Case of Extradural Abscess following Mastoid Suppuration.

PMID- 19985683
TI  - Have we a Resonance Theory of Hearing, or only a Resonance Hypothesis?

PMID- 19985684
TI  - The Use of Weber-Liel's Intratympanic Tube in Chronic Eustachian Catarrh.

PMID- 19985686
TI  - Juvenile Tabes with Optic Atrophy and Recent Psychosis; Probably General
      Paralysis.

PMID- 19985685
TI  - Temporal and Zygomatic Abscess in Chronic Middle-Ear Suppuration.

PMID- 19985687
TI  - Uterine Tumour of Doubtful Nature with Ideas of Reference and Thought Reading.

PMID- 19985688
TI  - Gunshot Wound in Right Pre-Frontal Region. For Consideration of Surgical
      Treatment of Recent Epilepsy.

PMID- 19985689
TI  - Psychosis Associated with Pressure from a Disc of Bone Replaced after Trephining.

PMID- 19985690
TI  - Psychosis showing Recovery after Relief of Intracranial Pressure of Doubtful
      Origin.

PMID- 19985691
TI  - A Case of Epiloia.

PMID- 19985692
TI  - Case for Diagnosis between Psychogenic Depression and the Post-encephalitic
      Syndrome.

PMID- 19985693
TI  - General Paralysis treated by the Organism of Relapsing Fever.

PMID- 19985694
TI  - General Paralysis with "deja vu" Phenomenon.

PMID- 19985695
TI  - Case of Neurosyphilis, for Diagnosis between the Interstitial and Parenchymatous
      Forms.

PMID- 19985696
TI  - Cases of General Paralysis Treated by Inoculation with the Organism of Relapsing
      Fever.

PMID- 19985697
TI  - Two Cases of Dwarfism.

PMID- 19985698
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer with a Consideration of the
      General Rules of Treatment.

PMID- 19985699
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985700
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985702
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985701
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985703
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985705
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985704
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985706
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985708
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985707
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985709
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985710
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985711
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985712
TI  - Solitary Diverticulum of Sigmoid.

PMID- 19985713
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON DIVERTICULITIS.

PMID- 19985714
TI  - Action of Lobeline.

PMID- 19985716
TI  - A Spirochaetic Infection with Necrosis and Perforation of Ileum.

PMID- 19985715
TI  - The Oocysts of a Coccidium in the Faeces of Laboratory and Wild Rats.

PMID- 19985718
TI  - Renal Carbuncle.

PMID- 19985717
TI  - Serological Tests for Hydatid Disease.

PMID- 19985719
TI  - Large Ureteric Calculus.

PMID- 19985720
TI  - Pyelogram Showing a Large Calculus as an Area of Lesser Density in a Renal Pelvis
      filled with Sodium Iodide Solution.

PMID- 19985721
TI  - Jackstone Calculi.

PMID- 19985722
TI  - An Unusual Arrangement of Double Ureter.

PMID- 19985724
TI  - A Case of Lateral Uretero-Cystostomy.

PMID- 19985723
TI  - Prostatic Enlargement following Prostatectomy.

PMID- 19985726
TI  - Hydatid Cyst of the Left Kidney.

PMID- 19985725
TI  - Closed Renal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19985727
TI  - Embryonic Sarcoma of Kidney.

PMID- 19985728
TI  - Squamous Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis associated with Renal Calculus.

PMID- 19985729
TI  - Recurrence of Enlarged Prostate after Prostatectomy.

PMID- 19985730
TI  - Closed Renal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19985731
TI  - Affections of Micturition Resulting from Lesions of the Nervous System.

PMID- 19985732
TI  - Hydronephrosis of Left Kidney due to Stricture of Pelvi-Ureteral Junction.

PMID- 19985733
TI  - Angeioma of the Kidney.

PMID- 19985734
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC NON-TUBERCULOUS INFECTION OF THE LUNGS.

PMID- 19985735
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY.

PMID- 19985736
TI  - Ateleiosis (Lorain's Disease).

PMID- 19985737
TI  - Parotid Cyst.

PMID- 19985738
TI  - "Seasonal" Enlargement of the Parotid (Two Cases).

PMID- 19985739
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985740
TI  - Pituitary Adiposity.

PMID- 19985741
TI  - Necrosis of the Skull.

PMID- 19985742
TI  - Great Enlargement of Liver: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985744
TI  - Tuberculous Epididymitis with Meatal Papillomata.

PMID- 19985743
TI  - Case of Scoliosis for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985745
TI  - Functional Peculiarity of Gait in a Girl with Endocrine Disorder (Tendency to
      Obesity of "Cerebral Type").

PMID- 19985747
TI  - Cirsoid Aneurysm of Right Posterior Scapular Artery.

PMID- 19985746
TI  - Persistent Erythema, with Ischaemic Circulation, in the Left Foot, possibly in
      part connected with Prolonged Use of a Plaster Bandage for Tuberculous Disease of
      the Left Knee.

PMID- 19985748
TI  - Cow's Milk as a Factor in the Transmission of certain Diseases to Man (excluding
      Tuberculosis).

PMID- 19985749
TI  - Some of the Principal Questions in Chemotherapy with Special Regard to Heavy
      Metals.

PMID- 19985750
TI  - Demonstration of Steam Cautery, and Cases Treated Thereby.

PMID- 19985751
TI  - Cases Treated with Steam Cautery.

PMID- 19985752
TI  - Two Cases of a Chilblainy Condition of the Legs Somewhat Resembling Erythema
      Induratum; also a Case of Erythema Induratum, for Comparison.

PMID- 19985753
TI  - Erythema Elevatum Diutinum (Case Previously Shown).

PMID- 19985755
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985754
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris Disseminatus.

PMID- 19985756
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985758
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985757
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985759
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985761
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985760
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985762
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIGHT TREATMENT IN SURGICAL TUBERCULOSIS.

PMID- 19985763
TI  - The Organization of a Factory Clinic.

PMID- 19985764
TI  - Erasistratus.

PMID- 19985765
TI  - Contributions to the History of Mummification.

PMID- 19985766
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPILEPSY.

PMID- 19985767
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPILEPSY.

PMID- 19985768
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPILEPSY.

PMID- 19985769
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPILEPSY.

PMID- 19985771
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPILEPSY.

PMID- 19985770
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPILEPSY.

PMID- 19985772
TI  - DISCUSSION ON EPILEPSY.

PMID- 19985774
TI  - Leio-myosarcoma arising in a Fibromyoma.

PMID- 19985773
TI  - Sarcoma with Fibromyomata of Uterus.

PMID- 19985775
TI  - An Early Case of Ovarian Pregnancy.

PMID- 19985776
TI  - Case of Patent Wolffian Duct.

PMID- 19985777
TI  - Cyst occupying the Utero-vesical Space.

PMID- 19985778
TI  - The Bacteriology of Dental Caries.

PMID- 19985779
TI  - Spindle-celled Sarcoma of Orbit.

PMID- 19985780
TI  - Cholesterin Crystals in the Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19985782
TI  - Case of a Small Piece of Steel lying Suspended in the Vitreous.

PMID- 19985781
TI  - A Case of Angeioid Streaks of the Retina.

PMID- 19985783
TI  - Fracture of the Transverse Process of the Third Lumbar Vertebra.

PMID- 19985784
TI  - Four Cases of Imperfect Development of the Upper End of the Femur.

PMID- 19985785
TI  - Unreduced Dislocation of Hip; Late Result of Excision of the Head of the Femur
      (Five Years ago).

PMID- 19985786
TI  - Whitman's Reconstruction Operation for Un-united Fracture of Neck of Femur.

PMID- 19985787
TI  - Chronic Painless Synovitis of Knee associated with Bazin's Disease.

PMID- 19985788
TI  - Deformity and Dislocation of Hip-joint from Acute Epiphysitis of Infancy.

PMID- 19985789
TI  - Recent Work on Virus Diseases in Plants.

PMID- 19985790
TI  - Progression and Regression in Two Homosexuals.

PMID- 19985791
TI  - The Action of Plasmochin on Malaria.

PMID- 19985793
TI  - Service Architecture, and the Requirements of Accommodation in Tropical and
      Subtropical Countries, with Special Reference to Egypt and Palestine.

PMID- 19985792
TI  - Onchocerciasis.

PMID- 19985794
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF RECENT METHODS OF TREATMENT IN THE LATE STAGES OF
      OCULAR SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19985795
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN MAN AND ANIMALS.

PMID- 19985797
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE BREAKDOWNS OF MIDDLE LIFE.

PMID- 19985796
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF LEPROSY.

PMID- 19985798
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985799
TI  - Chronic Renal Disease with Bony Changes.

PMID- 19985800
TI  - Three Cases of Arthroplasty for Ankylosis of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint.

PMID- 19985801
TI  - Syringomyelia with Charcot's Shoulder.

PMID- 19985802
TI  - Case of Achalazia.

PMID- 19985803
TI  - Case of Gastro-enterostomy.

PMID- 19985804
TI  - Two Cases of Madelung's Deformity.

PMID- 19985805
TI  - Intermittent OEdema of the Foot for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985806
TI  - Swelling of Finger.

PMID- 19985807
TI  - Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated with Sanocrysin.

PMID- 19985808
TI  - Two Cases of Scleroderma.

PMID- 19985809
TI  - Neoplasm of Lung.

PMID- 19985810
TI  - Erythema Nodosum, leading to the Detection of Latent Hilus Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19985811
TI  - Case of Sarcoid.

PMID- 19985812
TI  - Confluent Lichen Nitidus with Lesions on the Tongue.

PMID- 19985813
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of the Scalp, associated with Scars of Old Papulo-Necrotic
      Tuberculide Lesions and of Erythema Induratum on the Arms and Legs.

PMID- 19985814
TI  - Lupus Disseminatus.

PMID- 19985816
TI  - Xanthoma.

PMID- 19985815
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19985817
TI  - Ringworm of the Scalp treated by Thallium Acetate Epilation.

PMID- 19985818
TI  - Recurring Eruption: ? Artefact.

PMID- 19985819
TI  - Chronic Relapsing Pemphigus or Dermatitis Herpetiformis in an Old Man with
      Chronic Lymphocytosis.

PMID- 19985821
TI  - Persistent Erythema, with Ischaemic Circulation in the Left Foot, possibly in
      part connected with Prolonged Use of a Plaster Bandage for Tuberculous Disease of
      the Left Knee.

PMID- 19985820
TI  - Ringworm of the Scalp in an Adult.

PMID- 19985822
TI  - Multiple Familial Telangiectases.

PMID- 19985823
TI  - Papular Swellings on Eyelids and Forehead: ? Colloid Milium.

PMID- 19985824
TI  - Mucous Adenomata of Palate: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985825
TI  - Erythema Scarlatiniforme.

PMID- 19985826
TI  - Cardio-vascular Syphilis-an X-ray Study.

PMID- 19985827
TI  - The Incidence of Pneumonia.

PMID- 19985828
TI  - The Place of the Tudor Surgeons in English Literature.

PMID- 19985829
TI  - Wolveridge's "Speculum Matricis" (1671), with Notes on Two MS. Copies in the
      Society's Library.

PMID- 19985830
TI  - Dental Cyst of the Right Upper Canine.

PMID- 19985832
TI  - Tuberculosis of Larynx.

PMID- 19985831
TI  - Specimen Showing Invasion of Endocranium by Carcinoma of Ethmoid.

PMID- 19985833
TI  - Laryngeal Lesion associated with Apparent Miliary Tuberculosis of the Lung.

PMID- 19985834
TI  - Swelling on Right Vocal Cord: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985835
TI  - Basal-celled Carcinoma of Larynx: Recurrence after Five and a Half Years.

PMID- 19985836
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic Hyperplasia of Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19985837
TI  - Specimen of Hyperplastic Bone from the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19985838
TI  - Endothelioma of Antrum apparently Cured by Radium. Recent Local Recurrence after
      Three Years.

PMID- 19985839
TI  - Two Cases of Laryngectomy; Specimens Shown.

PMID- 19985840
TI  - Osteoma of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19985842
TI  - Tumour of the Nose.

PMID- 19985841
TI  - Two Specimens of Exostosis arising in the Floor of the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19985843
TI  - Dysphagia for Three Months due to Foreign Body in the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19985844
TI  - Lymphosarcoma of the Tonsil and Tongue with Glandular Involvement.

PMID- 19985845
TI  - Sarcoma in Cricoid Region.

PMID- 19985846
TI  - Growth in Larynx.

PMID- 19985847
TI  - Perforation of Hard Palate.

PMID- 19985848
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MIGRAINE.

PMID- 19985849
TI  - Recurrent Intra-Ocular Haemorrhage in a Young Male.

PMID- 19985850
TI  - Peculiar Opacity of Cornea.

PMID- 19985851
TI  - Industrial Toxic Amblyopia.

PMID- 19985852
TI  - A Slit Lamp.

PMID- 19985853
TI  - Familial Macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19985854
TI  - Congenital Pigmentation of the Fundi.

PMID- 19985856
TI  - Case of (?) Blood-staining of the Cornea.

PMID- 19985855
TI  - Melanoma of Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19985858
TI  - Associated Movement of Jaw and Lid.

PMID- 19985857
TI  - Choroidal Exudate.

PMID- 19985859
TI  - Cases of (1) Oxycephaly; (2) Discoid Cataract; (3) Coronary Cataract; (4) Cyst of
      Iris; (5) Perivasculitis; (6) Evulsion of Optic Nerve; (7) Vascular Disease; (8)
      Glycosuric Retinitis.

PMID- 19985860
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF PES CAVUS.

PMID- 19985861
TI  - The Treatment of Traumatic Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19985863
TI  - Glosso-pharyngeal Facial Anastomosis for Facial Palsy following successful Trans
      labyrinthine Drainage for Meningitis.

PMID- 19985862
TI  - Post-operative Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19985864
TI  - Descendens Noni Facial Anastomosis for Bell's Palsy.

PMID- 19985866
TI  - Hypoglossal-facial Anastomosis for Facial Palsy following Mastoid Operations.

PMID- 19985865
TI  - Spinal Accessory Facial Anastomosis for Facial Palsy during Acute Destruction of
      Labyrinth.

PMID- 19985867
TI  - Facial Palsy Five Years After Injury.

PMID- 19985869
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19985868
TI  - Some Points in the Diagnosis and Localization of Cerebral Abscess.

PMID- 19985871
TI  - Superficial Abscess of the Brain.

PMID- 19985870
TI  - Left-sided Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess with Aphasia.

PMID- 19985872
TI  - Superficial Abscess of the Brain.

PMID- 19985874
TI  - Localized Non-suppurative Encephalitis.

PMID- 19985873
TI  - Right-sided Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess without Localizing Signs.

PMID- 19985875
TI  - Left Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19985877
TI  - Right Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19985876
TI  - Right Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19985879
TI  - Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19985878
TI  - Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19985880
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19985881
TI  - Right Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19985882
TI  - Large Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess following Injury: no Localizing Signs except
      Homolateral Papilloedema.

PMID- 19985883
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess Secondary to Thrombo-phlebitis of the Bulb of the Jugular
      Vein.

PMID- 19985884
TI  - Loculated Cerebral Abscess.

PMID- 19985885
TI  - Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19985887
TI  - Two Cases of Cerebellar Abscess: Previously Reported.

PMID- 19985886
TI  - Left Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess Opened Sixteen Days after the Onset of Acute
      Otitis Media. Outstanding Symptom Auditory Amnesia ("Name-Amnesia").

PMID- 19985888
TI  - The Part played by Injury and Repair in the Development of Cancer; with some
      Remarks on the Growth of Experimental Cancers.

PMID- 19985889
TI  - Diet and Disease in the Navy.

PMID- 19985890
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SERUM TREATMENT OF SCARLET FEVER.

PMID- 19985891
TI  - Trichotillomania in Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19985892
TI  - Atresia of the Duodeno-jejunal Junction.

PMID- 19985893
TI  - Splenectomy for Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica.

PMID- 19985895
TI  - Dislocation of Cervical Vertebra as Result of a Fall.

PMID- 19985894
TI  - Case of Splenomegaly for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985896
TI  - Facial and Aural Congenital Mal-development in One of Twins.

PMID- 19985897
TI  - Case of Spastic Diplegia with Congenital Morbus Cordis.

PMID- 19985898
TI  - Thallium.

PMID- 19985899
TI  - Demonstration of the Detection of Ringworm Hairs on the Scalp by their
      Fluorescence under Ultra-violet Light.

PMID- 19985900
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY.

PMID- 19985901
TI  - Stenosis (Co-arctation) of the Aortic Isthmus, with Sudden Death from Rupture of
      a Cerebral Aneurysmd.

PMID- 19985902
TI  - Bilateral Ulnar Neuritis in Association with Skeletal Deformities: Hypertelorism.

PMID- 19985903
TI  - Case of Syringomyelia with Hydrocephalus and Coarse Tremor (Fibrillation) of the
      Right Hand.

PMID- 19985904
TI  - Two Cases of Familial Pes Cavus, with Absent Knee and Ankle-Jerks (Peroneal Type
      of Muscular Atrophy).

PMID- 19985905
TI  - A Case of Schilder's Encephalitis with a Family History of the Disease.

PMID- 19985906
TI  - (2,3) Cervical Rib: Thrombosis of Subclavian Artery. Contralateral Hemiplegia of
      Sudden Onset, probably Embolic.

PMID- 19985907
TI  - Descending Lipodystrophy.

PMID- 19985909
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985908
TI  - Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19985910
TI  - Birth Injury.

PMID- 19985911
TI  - Friedreich's Ataxy.

PMID- 19985912
TI  - A Case of Tower Skull.

PMID- 19985914
TI  - Communication on Necrosis of the Cortex of the Kidney after Labour.

PMID- 19985913
TI  - Olivo-ponto-cerebellar Atrophy.

PMID- 19985915
TI  - Observations on a Little-known Group of Anaerogenic Intestinal Bacteria.

PMID- 19985916
TI  - Further Observations on the "Symbiotic Fermentation Phenomenon," and on its use
      in the Differentiation of Certain Micro-organisms and in the Identification of
      Certain Carbon Compounds.

PMID- 19985917
TI  - Normal Variability of the Action of Pituitrin on the Contractile Power of the
      Caecum and Colon.

PMID- 19985919
TI  - Gummatous Colitis: Report of a Case.

PMID- 19985918
TI  - The Value of Lipiodol in Determining the Extent of Fistulae-in ano.

PMID- 19985920
TI  - Volvulus of the Pelvic Colon and Blind Caecostomy.

PMID- 19985921
TI  - Skin Grafts for Fistulae.

PMID- 19985922
TI  - The Treatment of Malignant Disease of the Urinary Bladder.

PMID- 19985924
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN DENTAL OPERATIONS.

PMID- 19985923
TI  - The Medical Aspects of Haematuria.

PMID- 19985925
TI  - Two Cases of (?) Still's Disease.

PMID- 19985926
TI  - Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19985927
TI  - Gumma of Liver, Simulating a Perforated Gastric Ulcer.

PMID- 19985928
TI  - Facial Hemiatrophy and Persistent Hiccough.

PMID- 19985930
TI  - Arterio-venous Aneurysm with Bullet retained in Heart Muscle.

PMID- 19985929
TI  - Fractured Patella treated by Wiring in 1889.

PMID- 19985931
TI  - Spastic Paresis of One Leg.

PMID- 19985932
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985933
TI  - Aneurysm of Innominate Artery: Spontaneous Disappearance of Swelling in Neck.

PMID- 19985935
TI  - Complete Transposition of Viscera with Cardiac Complications.

PMID- 19985934
TI  - Exophthalmos Cured by Carotid Ligation.

PMID- 19985936
TI  - Pituitary (? Cystic) Tumour.

PMID- 19985938
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus, treated by Krysolgan.

PMID- 19985937
TI  - Abdominal Lymphogranulomatosis Maligna (Hodgkin's Disease), with Very High Blood
      Eosinophilia.

PMID- 19985939
TI  - Case of von Recklinghausen's Disease without Tumour Formation.

PMID- 19985940
TI  - Case of ? Angioma Serpiginosum: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985941
TI  - Case of (?) Erythromelalgia: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985943
TI  - Benign Lymphogranuloma (Schaumann).

PMID- 19985942
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19985944
TI  - Keratosis Pilaris.

PMID- 19985945
TI  - Grouped Comedones.

PMID- 19985946
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985948
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: ? Boeck's Sarcoid.

PMID- 19985947
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985949
TI  - The Influenzal Constitution.

PMID- 19985951
TI  - A Letter of Fothergill on Malignant Sore Throat, Human and Bovine (1747).

PMID- 19985950
TI  - English Physicians-"Doctorati"-at the University of Padua in the "Collegio Veneto
      Artista" (1617-1771).

PMID- 19985953
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Occlusion of the Posterior Choanae.

PMID- 19985952
TI  - The Pathology of OEsophagectasia (Dilatation of the OEsophagus without Anatomic
      Stenosis at the Cardiac Orifice).

PMID- 19985954
TI  - Growth on Palate: for Diagnosis and Treatment.

PMID- 19985955
TI  - Styloid Process Projecting into the Left Tonsil; Skiagram Shown.

PMID- 19985956
TI  - Elongated Styloid Processes and the Stylo-hyoid Arch in Animals: Epidiascope
      Demonstration.

PMID- 19985957
TI  - Foreign Body (Nut) in the Bronchus: Skiagrams of Chest Shown.

PMID- 19985958
TI  - Epithelioma of Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19985959
TI  - Case of Nodular Laryngitis treated by Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19985960
TI  - A Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985961
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985962
TI  - Ulceration of Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19985964
TI  - A Pair of Haemostatic Clamp Forceps used in Enucleation of Tonsils.

PMID- 19985963
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19985965
TI  - An OEsophageal Speculum with Distal and Proximal Illumination.

PMID- 19985967
TI  - A Case of Chronic Catarrhal Antral Inflammation.

PMID- 19985966
TI  - Post-Cricoid Dysphagia with Gastric Symptoms.

PMID- 19985969
TI  - The Prevention of Scarlatinal Nephritis.

PMID- 19985968
TI  - Extensive Lupus of the Upper Air Passages treated by Radium.

PMID- 19985970
TI  - Optic Nystagmus.

PMID- 19985972
TI  - The Relationship of Dental Infection to Diseases of the Skin.

PMID- 19985971
TI  - Demonstration of Clinical Measuring Instruments.

PMID- 19985973
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Upper Jaw in Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19985975
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre with Ocular Paresis.

PMID- 19985974
TI  - Chronic Double External Ophthalmoplegia and Ptosis as an Isolated Lesion.

PMID- 19985976
TI  - Bilateral Kerato-iridocyclitis.

PMID- 19985977
TI  - Unilateral Buphthalmos.

PMID- 19985978
TI  - Degenerative Changes in the Cornea.

PMID- 19985979
TI  - Left Macular Choroido-retinitis, with (?) Infiltration of Cloquet's Canal.

PMID- 19985980
TI  - A Case of (?) Coats' Disease.

PMID- 19985981
TI  - Exenteration of the Orbit for Perforating Melanotic Sarcoma.

PMID- 19985982
TI  - Cysts on the Optic Disc.

PMID- 19985983
TI  - Facial Cleft, Hare lip, and Ectropion.

PMID- 19985984
TI  - Deep Infiltration of Cornea, (?) in Descemet's Membrane.

PMID- 19985985
TI  - Demonstration of the Pecten in a Tame Owl.

PMID- 19985986
TI  - Glosso-pharyngeal Facial Nerve Anastomosis.

PMID- 19985988
TI  - Case showing the Influence of Insulin upon Acute Suppuration of the Middle Ear in
      a Glycosuric Patient.

PMID- 19985987
TI  - X-ray Skiagram by Dr. Gordon Thomson showing a normal Bony Auditory Canal in a
      Case exhibited at a previous Meeting, of a Boy, aged 4, with a Rudimentary
      Auricle.

PMID- 19985989
TI  - Abscess of the Temporal Fossa secondary to Antro-meatal Fistula.

PMID- 19985991
TI  - Furunculosis (Right Ear) followed by Necrosis of the Anterior Bony Wall of the
      External Auditory Canal.

PMID- 19985990
TI  - Large Extradural Abscess with Collapse of the Lateral Sinus and Compression of
      the Left Lobe of the Cerebellum.

PMID- 19985992
TI  - Arterial Bruit causing Tinnitus.

PMID- 19985993
TI  - Giddiness persisting after Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19985994
TI  - Frontal Abscess; no Headache; no Localizing Signs.

PMID- 19985996
TI  - SUB-SECTION OF PROCTOLOGY. DISCUSSION ON COLOSTOMY.

PMID- 19985995
TI  - Demonstration of Induction of Optical Nystagmus with Simple Apparatus.

PMID- 19985997
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC NON-TUBERCULOUS ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19985998
TI  - The Clinical and Pathological Effects of Hypnotic Drugs of the Barbituric Acid
      and Sulphonal Groups.

PMID- 19985999
TI  - Some Features of Crown Gall in Plants in Reference to Comparisons with Cancer.

PMID- 19986001
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USES AND LIMITATIONS OF ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT THERAPY.

PMID- 19986000
TI  - The Development of Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 19986002
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19986003
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BLOOD-LETTING.

PMID- 19986004
TI  - The Section and its Work, 1908-1926: President's Address.

PMID- 19986005
TI  - Myeloma of Humerus.

PMID- 19986006
TI  - Acholuric Family Jaundice.

PMID- 19986007
TI  - Diaphysial Aclasia.

PMID- 19986009
TI  - Case of Stunted Growth.

PMID- 19986008
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986011
TI  - Subacute Infective Endocarditis in Congenital Morbus Cordis.

PMID- 19986010
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986012
TI  - Ichthyosis and Cancer of the Skin, with Special Refernce to Mulespinners' Cancer.

PMID- 19986013
TI  - Dermato-phytosis due to Monilia.

PMID- 19986014
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19986016
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986015
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986017
TI  - The Growth of Tumour in Tissues Exposed to X-rays and Radium.

PMID- 19986018
TI  - The Action of Radon "Seeds" on Tumour and Liver Cells of the Rat.

PMID- 19986020
TI  - Case of Sinusitis.

PMID- 19986019
TI  - The Prophylaxis of Measles with a Suggested Scheme for Dealing with Epidemics.

PMID- 19986022
TI  - Actinomycosis of Tonsil.

PMID- 19986021
TI  - Chart showing Striking Result of One Injection of Autogenous Streptococcus
      Vaccine.

PMID- 19986023
TI  - Pharyngeal Diverticulum.

PMID- 19986025
TI  - Tumour Involving the Orbit and certain of the Nasal Sinuses.

PMID- 19986024
TI  - Chronic Hypertrophic Laryngitis, treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19986026
TI  - Double Recurrent Paralysis caused by Tuberculous Glands.

PMID- 19986027
TI  - Tracheotomy Tube removed from a Woman aged 58, after being present for Eighteen
      Months.

PMID- 19986028
TI  - Ulceration of Vocal Cord; ? Malignant.

PMID- 19986030
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986029
TI  - Fibroma of the Pharynx, with Malignant Changes at its Base.

PMID- 19986031
TI  - Growth of Palate: (Shown at the last meeting of the Section).

PMID- 19986032
TI  - An Epidiascopic Demonstration of Chronic Hypertrophic Laryngitis, with Some
      Observations on the Treatment.

PMID- 19986034
TI  - Case of Hysterical Spastic Aphonia.

PMID- 19986033
TI  - Specimen of Ethmoid showing Healed Fracture.

PMID- 19986035
TI  - Peritonsillar Forceps.

PMID- 19986036
TI  - Acute Frontal Sinusitis, with Abscess of Forehead.

PMID- 19986038
TI  - The Influence of the Diencephalon ('Tween Brain) on Metabolism.

PMID- 19986037
TI  - Ulceration of Gum: Hypertrophic Laryngitis. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986039
TI  - A Uterus and Vagina with Placenta in situ, showing extensive Carcinoma of the
      Cervix.

PMID- 19986040
TI  - Fibromyoma of Uterus, Rupture of Capsule, with Protrusion of part of the Tumour,
      with Secondary Necrosis.

PMID- 19986041
TI  - Spontaneous Separation of the Cervix in Labour.

PMID- 19986042
TI  - A Case of Repeated Tubal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19986044
TI  - Radiogram of a Nagele's Pelvis.

PMID- 19986043
TI  - The Internal Secretions of the Ovary.

PMID- 19986046
TI  - The Gingival Margin.

PMID- 19986045
TI  - Some Results of Myomectomy undertaken in the hope of Curing Sterility.

PMID- 19986047
TI  - Some Aspects of the Innervation of the Teeth.

PMID- 19986049
TI  - Bilateral Rectus Paralysis or Absence of the Muscle.

PMID- 19986048
TI  - Hyaline Bodies (Drusen) on the Optic Disc.

PMID- 19986051
TI  - Drawings of Fundus Oculi illustrating Dilatation of Blood-vessels.

PMID- 19986050
TI  - Retinitis Punctata Albescens.

PMID- 19986052
TI  - Some Facts of Peripheral Vision.

PMID- 19986053
TI  - Mr. Percival Pott on the Treatment of Lachrymal Fistula.

PMID- 19986054
TI  - Two Cases of Spastic Paralysis Associated with Scoliosis.

PMID- 19986055
TI  - A Method of Treating Lumbar Scoliosis.

PMID- 19986057
TI  - Bilateral Contracture of Sterno-mastoid Muscles.

PMID- 19986056
TI  - Case of ? Periostitis of Metatarsal.

PMID- 19986059
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is it a Deficiency Disease?

PMID- 19986058
TI  - Man-power and the Medical Service in Relation to some of the Principles of War.

PMID- 19986060
TI  - Chronic Hyperplasia of the Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19986061
TI  - Some Points in the Technique of Laryngo-fissure.

PMID- 19986062
TI  - The Relation of Nasal Polypi to Inflammation of Accessory Sinuses of the Nose.

PMID- 19986063
TI  - On the Occurrence of Brain-tissue within the Nose: the so-called Nasal Glioma.

PMID- 19986065
TI  - Notes of Three Bronchoscopic Cases.

PMID- 19986064
TI  - Meningitis of Sphenoidal Sinus Origin.

PMID- 19986066
TI  - Laryngeal Lesion Associated with Apparent Miliary Tuberculosis of the Lung.

PMID- 19986067
TI  - Intralaryngeal Tumour in a Baby aged 14 Days.

PMID- 19986068
TI  - Tumour of Naso-pharynx: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986069
TI  - Tumour of Frontal Bone.

PMID- 19986070
TI  - Cure of a Chronic Empyema of the Antrum, after Operation on the Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19986071
TI  - Case of Enlargement of the Frontal Bone, Maxilla and Mandible.

PMID- 19986072
TI  - Sarcoma of the Tonsil treated by X-ray Therapy and Excision.

PMID- 19986073
TI  - Three Cases of Epithelioma Treated Successfully by Deep X-rays.

PMID- 19986074
TI  - Papilloma of Stenson's Duct followed by Great Enlargement of Parotid Gland: Case
      for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986075
TI  - Paralysis of Right Vocal Cord: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986076
TI  - Suspected Papilloma of the Larynx: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986077
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986078
TI  - Case of Frontal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19986079
TI  - Case of Sinusitis with Complications: Phlegmon of Orbit.

PMID- 19986080
TI  - Cases Illustrating Mr. T. B. Layton's Paper on "Nasal Polypi".

PMID- 19986081
TI  - Case of Fracture of Larynx.

PMID- 19986082
TI  - Aneurysm of Internal Carotid.

PMID- 19986084
TI  - Fibromata (or ? Papilloma) of Larynx.

PMID- 19986083
TI  - Chronic Enlargement of the Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19986086
TI  - The Pathology of OEsophagectasia (Dilatation of the OEsophagus without Anatomic
      Stenosis at the Cardiac Orifice).

PMID- 19986085
TI  - Section of Laryngology Research Committee (Report on Mr. Bell Tawse's Case of
      "Perforation of the Palate".

PMID- 19986087
TI  - Further Investigation of the Pathology of Dentigerous Cysts with a New Treatment
      Based Thereon.

PMID- 19986088
TI  - Early Retinitis Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19986089
TI  - Pseudo-pterygium.

PMID- 19986090
TI  - Epibulbar Vernal Catarrh.

PMID- 19986091
TI  - Membrane in the Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19986092
TI  - Two Cases of True Diabetic Cataract.

PMID- 19986093
TI  - Lantern Demonstration of the Filtration Angle.

PMID- 19986094
TI  - The Treatment of Spastic Paralysis by Sympathetic Ramisection.

PMID- 19986095
TI  - Villous Tumour of the Pelvis and Ureter.

PMID- 19986096
TI  - Villous Tumour of the Middle Calyx.

PMID- 19986097
TI  - Ectopic Kidney with Triple Ureter, removed from a Man, aged 41.

PMID- 19986099
TI  - Specimen of Primary Carcinoma of Ureter.

PMID- 19986098
TI  - Congenital Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19986100
TI  - Specimens from Three Cases of Stricture of the Ureter.

PMID- 19986102
TI  - Specimen of Closed Tuberculosis of Kidney.

PMID- 19986101
TI  - Normally Placed Right Kidney possessing Two Pelves and Two Ureters opening
      Separately into the Bladder, the Centre Part of the Kidney between the Pelves
      being occupied by a Grawitz Tumour (The specimen was removed from a man, aged
      54).

PMID- 19986103
TI  - The Indication and Execution of Prostatectomy.

PMID- 19986104
TI  - The Stump of the Ureter after Nephrectomy-The Indications for Primary Nephro
      ureterectomy.

PMID- 19986105
TI  - Early Angioma Serpiginosum, confined to One Shoulder.

PMID- 19986106
TI  - Case of Rare Seborrhoeide.

PMID- 19986107
TI  - Case of Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19986108
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986109
TI  - Bowen's Disease.

PMID- 19986110
TI  - Case of Leucoderma.

PMID- 19986112
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986111
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19986113
TI  - A Case of Familial Periodic Paralysis.

PMID- 19986114
TI  - Case of Subdural Blood Cyst in Right Frontal Region located by Pneumo-radiograms.

PMID- 19986115
TI  - Recovery, with Hemiplegia, from Vaccination Encephalitis.

PMID- 19986116
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis in a Boy Aged 10.

PMID- 19986118
TI  - Dyspituitarism with Double Optic Atrophy. (? Cause).

PMID- 19986117
TI  - Congenital Deformity or Old Injury to Cervical Spine: Recent Onset of Paraplegia.

PMID- 19986119
TI  - Syphilitic Amyotrophy.

PMID- 19986120
TI  - A Case of Falling on Noise and Surprise.

PMID- 19986121
TI  - A Case of Crossed Tremor.

PMID- 19986122
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROGRESSIVE MIDDLE-EAR DEAFNESS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CHRONIC
      MIDDLE-EAR DEAFNESS.

PMID- 19986123
TI  - A Demonstration of Radiograms of the Normal and Abnormal Labyrinth.

PMID- 19986124
TI  - The Saccus Endolymphaticus and an Operation for Draining for the Relief of
      Vertigo.

PMID- 19986125
TI  - The Formation of a Circumscribed Interdural Abscess at the Site of the Saccus
      Endolymphaticus.

PMID- 19986126
TI  - Deafness due to Occlusion of the External Auditory Meatuses Caused by External
      Otitis. Operation to Restore Patency of Left Meatus Resulting in Greatly Improved
      Hearing.

PMID- 19986127
TI  - Aural Electrodes for Use in the Treatment of Chronic Otorrhoea by Zinc Ionization
      and Zinc Electrolysis.

PMID- 19986128
TI  - Three Cases of Deafness.

PMID- 19986129
TI  - Acute Lateral Sinus Thrombosis Following Chronic Otorrhoea.

PMID- 19986130
TI  - Meningeal Symptoms Developing, Disappearing and Reappearing. Cerebellar Abscess
      possibly Leaking into Meninges.

PMID- 19986131
TI  - Intracranial Complication of Aural Suppuration.

PMID- 19986132
TI  - The Feeling of Inferiority and the Striving for Recognition.

PMID- 19986133
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CLEFT PALATE BY OPERATION.

PMID- 19986135
TI  - Case of Pterygium in a Girl aged 4.

PMID- 19986134
TI  - Valves in Veins: An Historical Survey.

PMID- 19986136
TI  - Mass in Vitreous in a Boy aged 5, ? Glioma.

PMID- 19986137
TI  - New Tissue Formation on the Cornea.

PMID- 19986138
TI  - Optic Atrophy following Retrobulbar Neuritis.

PMID- 19986139
TI  - Orbital Tumour Secondary to Spheroidal-celled Carcinoma of Breast.

PMID- 19986140
TI  - Subconjunctival Cyst.

PMID- 19986141
TI  - Bilateral "Macular Coloboma" in Mother and Son.

PMID- 19986143
TI  - President's Address: Arthrodesis.

PMID- 19986142
TI  - The Process of Retinal Differentiation in Man.

PMID- 19986144
TI  - The Epidemic Constitution.

PMID- 19986145
TI  - What is Comparative Medicine?
AB  - Inasmuch as it includes the study of disease in a considerable number of animals
      belonging to widely different species, there is some ground for regarding
      veterinary medicine as being comparative medicine. But this is held to be too
      narrow an application of the term.There is better reason for the contention that
      human and veterinary medicine together compose comparative medicine.
      Notwithstanding marked differences between some of the diseases of man and those
      of the lower animals, the similarities and resemblances are much more numerous.
      Human and veterinary medicine are confronted with similar problems and employ
      similar means for their solution; and, taken together, they deal with a large
      group of animals sufficient to justify the contention that they are two branches
      of one medicine. But an even wider and more comprehensive conception of
      comparative medicine is suggested. It is held to embrace the study of disease
      processes in all animals (and possibly in plants also), in all conditions, and
      with the help of all available means. Its corpus contains elements that have been
      contributed, and are being contributed, from widely different sources. The
      physicist, the chemist, the physiologist, and others make discoveries that are
      susceptible of incorporation; and thus is accumulated a store of linked facts
      from which practitioners of human and veterinary medicine take what they need,
      and taking, give.

PMID- 19986147
TI  - On Chronic Fuso-spirillary Infection of the Periodontal Membrane and its
      Treatment.

PMID- 19986146
TI  - President's Address.

PMID- 19986148
TI  - Mummy as a Drug.
AB  - The use of mummy as a drug was widespread in Europe from the twelfth to the
      seventeenth centuries, and its employment lingered on for a hundred years
      later.Its supposed virtue was originally based upon the medicinal properties of
      natural bitumen obtained from the Dead Sea and elsewhere. During the Middle Ages
      mummy was obtained from embalmed human bodies-in Egypt-which were believed to
      have been prepared with bitumen. Even at the present day the statement is current
      that the Egyptians used bitumen for mummification, but this is erroneous, for the
      embalming-material is resin, although its appearance often simulates that of
      bitumen.The supply being obtained from mummified human bodies, the virtues of the
      drug were transferred to the bodies themselves. In course of time the term mummy
      lost its original association with bitumen, and was applied to medicated flesh in
      general.The use of mummy in medicine did not finally become obsolete until the
      latter part of the eighteenth century.The supplies of mummy sold to apothecaries
      in Europe were first obtained from genuine Egyptian mummies, but when it became
      difficult to procure these, spurious substitutes were made from recently dead
      bodies which were medicated by the purveyors. Desiccated bodies from North
      Africa, and Guanche mummies from the Canary Islands, were also exported to Europe
      and sold to the apothecaries.

PMID- 19986149
TI  - President's Address: Pharmacological Syndromes.

PMID- 19986150
TI  - President's Address: Professional Opportunities of the Service Medical Officer.

PMID- 19986151
TI  - The Treatment of Cancer of the Breast by X-rays after Operation.

PMID- 19986152
TI  - The Pathological Anatomy of Pulmonary Tuberculosis as recorded by Stereoscopic
      Radiograms of the Chest; and the Value of this Knowledge in the Care of the
      Tuberculous Patient.

PMID- 19986153
TI  - The Value of the Qualitative Radiological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19986155
TI  - Congenital Jaundice in a Man aged 60.

PMID- 19986154
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Absence of the Anus.

PMID- 19986157
TI  - Gastric Achlorhydria in a Woman who was under Observation over 19 years ago for
      Grave Anaemia.

PMID- 19986156
TI  - Syphilitic Dactylitis.

PMID- 19986158
TI  - Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans on the Basis of Developmental Arterial Hypoplasia.

PMID- 19986159
TI  - To Show the Result of Omentopexy in a Man with Chronic Ascites from Hepatic
      Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19986160
TI  - Two Cases of Endocarditis treated with Improvement by Intravenous Mercury.

PMID- 19986161
TI  - A Case of Advanced Gout.

PMID- 19986163
TI  - Marie's Spondylitis Deformans with Achylia Gastrica.

PMID- 19986162
TI  - Swelling in the Left Supraclavicular Region.

PMID- 19986164
TI  - The Upward Movement of the Eyes.

PMID- 19986165
TI  - The Nature, Diagnosis and Management of Cholecystitis and Gall-Tract Disease,
      with a Resume of the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of Duodenal Biliary
      Drainage.

PMID- 19986166
TI  - Recent Investigations in the Treatment of Gonorrhoea.

PMID- 19986167
TI  - Multiple X-ray Basal-celled Carcinomata of the Trunk.

PMID- 19986168
TI  - Chronic Pemphigus or Dermatitis Herpetiformis in a Child.

PMID- 19986169
TI  - Two Cases of Folliculitis Ulerythematosa Reticulata (MacKee and Parounagian)
      combined with Lichen Spinulosus, Epidermal Cysts, and Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19986171
TI  - Two Cases of Acrodermatitis Perstans.

PMID- 19986170
TI  - Lichen Planus previously shown as Confluent Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19986172
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19986173
TI  - Severe Lupus Vulgaris of the Face.

PMID- 19986174
TI  - Leukoplakia Lingualis treated by Souttar's Steam Cautery.

PMID- 19986175
TI  - Case of Multiple Basal-celled Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19986176
TI  - President's Address: The Present Position of Spinal Analgesia.

PMID- 19986177
TI  - Immunity in the Making: Observations Based upon some Records of Schick and Dick
      Tests.

PMID- 19986178
TI  - Hemiplegia following Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19986179
TI  - Interstitial Nephritis with Infantilism Accompanying Pyelitis.

PMID- 19986181
TI  - Pyknolepsy.

PMID- 19986180
TI  - Congenital Heart with Right Bundle Branch Block.

PMID- 19986182
TI  - Suprapituitary Tumour (?).

PMID- 19986183
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Infective Endocarditis in a Boy of Six.

PMID- 19986184
TI  - Specimen: Contracted Granular Kidney with Adenomatous Hypertrophy.

PMID- 19986185
TI  - Two Cases of Multiple Exostoses.

PMID- 19986186
TI  - Pointing Tuberculous Empyema and Tuberculous Rib.

PMID- 19986187
TI  - Congenital Coccydinia or Megalococcyx.

PMID- 19986188
TI  - Congenital Abnormality of Cervical Vertebrae.

PMID- 19986189
TI  - Supraclavicular Lesion of Whole Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19986190
TI  - Case of Cerebro-Macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19986191
TI  - Progeria.

PMID- 19986192
TI  - Gross Enlargement of the Liver.

PMID- 19986193
TI  - Case of ? Chloroma, ? Suprarenal Tumour.

PMID- 19986194
TI  - Rupture of the Biceps Brachii.

PMID- 19986195
TI  - Dupuytren's Contracture, after Operation.

PMID- 19986197
TI  - Two Cases of Fibro-Cystic Disease of the Humerus, treated by Different Methods.

PMID- 19986196
TI  - Dupuytren's Contracture in a Girl of 15.

PMID- 19986198
TI  - Cavities in Bone.

PMID- 19986200
TI  - An Operation for Claw-toes.

PMID- 19986199
TI  - Fracture-Dislocation of the Acetabulum.

PMID- 19986201
TI  - Anatomical Variation of the Semilunar Cartilage.

PMID- 19986202
TI  - Association of Multiple Pregnancies with Diabetes of Suggested Pituitary Origin.
AB  - The patient, a woman, aged 40, had five normal pregnancies before, and six
      abnormal pregnancies after, the onset of diabetic symptoms. The case differed
      from typical diabetes in the following respects. In spite of severe thirst and
      polyuria, lasting untreated for six years, the patient became very fat, and the
      condition did not progress in the usual way. At the termination of the last
      pregnancy the glycosuria disappeared and the blood-sugar became almost normal,
      although the diet was very little restricted and all insulin was omitted. Insulin
      had only a small hypoglycaemic effect and the blood-sugar curves after glucose
      were atypical. The fasting level was raised, but the blood-sugar returned to the
      initial figure in two hours, suggesting that sugar was being well tolerated in
      spite of the hyperglycaemia. A very severe ketosis and a lowered threshold for
      glucose were present during the last three months of the pregnancy and
      disappeared immediately after labour. At labour, extreme hydramnios was obvious,
      and a very large foetus weighing 12 lb. 6 oz. was stillborn. On the fourth day
      after the labour 10 units of pituitary extract (1 c.c. pituitrin) produced an
      epileptiform attack and nearly killed the patient. There was a temporary return
      of the glycosuria, without hyperglycaemia, and a transient ketosis. The belief
      that the pituitary is or was involved is supported by the patient's history that
      her head had grown larger, and by the definite constriction of the temporal
      fields of vision in both eyes.It therefore seems reasonable to conclude that the
      disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism was not due to disease of the pancreas
      causing a deficient production of endogenous insulin, but to the antagonistic
      influence of a hyperactive pituitary gland associated with repeated pregnancies.

PMID- 19986203
TI  - An Insulin Resistant Case of Diabetes.

PMID- 19986204
TI  - A Note on Artificial Cerebral Congestion against Sea-sickness.

PMID- 19986205
TI  - An Unusual Type of Insulin Reaction in a Diabetic Patient.

PMID- 19986206
TI  - PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS: PSYCHIATRY AND THE REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION.
AB  - The principal reference of the Royal Commission was certification and detention,
      and treatment without certification of persons suffering from mental disorder.The
      general principles laid down as the result of the inquiry are set forth and shown
      to accord with the views of the medical profession.The Commission supports the
      medical view that greater facilities should be granted for treating mental
      disorders in their early stages without certification and repudiates the
      contention that grave abuses exist.It makes proposals for avoiding the stigma of
      certification by admitting patients to treatment under a provisional order
      without full certification. The real objection of the public to certification
      appears to lie in the judicial intervention and the legal formalities. Since
      these are accentuated in the proposed method, it is very little different from
      the present procedure. The reason for this anomaly appears to be adherence to
      what is said to be "an inviolable principle of law."This principle is violated in
      the present law, in the proposals of the Royal Commission and was disregarded
      prior to 1890.A scheme is put forward to avoid these objections by extending the
      present facilities on the lines of the Report and simplifying the procedure, thus
      eliminating the magistrate from the proceedings prior to admission unless the
      patient desires his intervention, and placing the authorization for treatment on
      the relatives and friends in all cases where the patient does not apply
      voluntarily for treatment. The Board of Control is the safeguard in these
      matters. These two procedures would be applicable to all cases in the first
      instance; but should the friends prefer full certification, that should be
      possible at any stage.The proposals for voluntary boarders are approved with the
      proviso that it should not be necessary to apply these proposals where restraint
      is neither necessary nor, in fact, applied.The protection that doctors signing
      certificates need is considered and it is proposed that a medical assessor should
      advise the judge to whom application to stay an action is made.It is held that if
      the law is at present wrongly interpreted and unjust, this should be cleared up
      by public action rather than that a doctor should have to go through the anxiety
      and expense of appeal to the House of Lords.In the main the Report commands
      professional approval, but in points of the greatest importance to doctors
      practising psychiatry and to their patients it is unsatisfactory.

PMID- 19986207
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of the Femora.

PMID- 19986208
TI  - Tumour of Trapezius.

PMID- 19986209
TI  - Erythromelalgia Secondary to Arterio-sclerosis.

PMID- 19986210
TI  - Acromegaly with Unilateral Paresis of Sixth and Seventh Cranial Nerves.

PMID- 19986211
TI  - Gumma of the Liver with Splenomegaly in a Child.

PMID- 19986212
TI  - Primary Arterial Fibrosis.

PMID- 19986214
TI  - A Case of Syphilitic Myocarditis.

PMID- 19986213
TI  - Intrathoracic Tumour.

PMID- 19986215
TI  - Tabes Dorsalis with Sudden Development of Local Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19986216
TI  - The Uses of Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen in Dentistry.

PMID- 19986217
TI  - A Case of Pain and Swelling in the Submaxillary Salivary Glands caused by
      Pressure of Denture.

PMID- 19986218
TI  - Laryngo-fissure for Intrinsic Carcinoma of the Larynx: Four cases in medical men,
      who are now in active practice, 2(1/4), 3, 4(1/2), and 5(1/2) years after
      operation.

PMID- 19986219
TI  - Case of Achalasia of the Cardia after Treatment by Hurst's Mercury Tubes.

PMID- 19986220
TI  - Cardiospasm. [Skiagrams and Lantern Slides].

PMID- 19986221
TI  - Extreme and Diffuse Dilatation of the OEsophagus. [X-ray Photographs and Lantern
      Slides].

PMID- 19986222
TI  - Foreign Body in Larynx.

PMID- 19986224
TI  - Fixation of Left Cord due to Blow on the Neck.

PMID- 19986223
TI  - A Case of Sphenoidal Sinusitis, due to Bacillus Mucosus Capsulatus.

PMID- 19986225
TI  - Postcricoid Carcinoma treated by Diathermy with Complete Disappearance of Growth.

PMID- 19986226
TI  - Simple Ligature Applicator for Tonsillar Vessels.

PMID- 19986227
TI  - Laryngeal Case shown in May and June, 1927.

PMID- 19986228
TI  - Case of Sinusitis Complicating Scarlet Fever, shown 6 years ago.

PMID- 19986229
TI  - Elderly Man with a Growth on the Hard Palate and Great Enlargement of Glands.

PMID- 19986230
TI  - Concerning the Origin and Nature of Osteoblasts.
AB  - Three specimens are described which illustrate the formation of true bone in
      laparotomy wounds of the epigastric region of the abdomen. The literature dealing
      with their occurrence is surveyed and it is found that the majority of instances
      (34 out of 36) occur n laparotomy wounds made in or near the supra-umbilical part
      of the linea alba. Specimens in the R.C.S. Museum are enumerated illustrating
      heterotopic formation of bone in organs and parts which have no direct connexion
      with the skeletal system. An attempt is made to explain their occurrence on the
      traditional conception of bone-growth, namely, that it is the work of a
      specialized cell normally confined to the skeletal system. It is concluded that
      the heterotopic formation of bone cannot be explained unless it be accepted, as
      is now advocated by Professor Leriche, of Strassburg, that under certain states
      cells of tissues other than the skeletal can become osteoblastic in nature and in
      action-a view supported by the results of many recent experimental
      investigations. The view advocated here, not a novel one, is that "new"
      osteoblasts arise from the capillary system-especially from buds thrown out by
      that system when a neighbouring substance or body has to be absorbed. Certain
      necessary conditions are mentioned, but it is admitted that a full and
      satisfactory explanation of why supra-umbilical scars are more frequently the
      site of heterotopic bone formation than laparotomy scars in other parts of the
      abdomen has not been reached.

PMID- 19986231
TI  - Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum with Radium by Open Operation: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19986232
TI  - The Endocrinology of Tuberculosis.
AB  - It is suggested that the endocrines hold the key position in the mechanism of
      resistance to all infection. In man the glands of internal secretion are divided
      into two counterbalancing groups. It is the function of the "katabolic" group-or
      glands of emergency-to react to acute infections. It is the function of the
      "anabolic" group-or glands of conservation of energy-to counterbalance the
      prolonged over-action of the katabolic group in chronic infections. In chronic
      pulmonary tuberculosis improvement is dependent on the predominance of the
      anabolic group. Clinical and biochemical evidence to this effect is brought
      forward. The individual ductless glands are discussed with a view to summarizing
      the known tests for detecting their functional variations during life. It is
      suggested that present methods for the determination of basal metabolic rate are
      inaccurate and cumbersome. An alternative biochemical method is described and
      illustrated, which, it is claimed, is both more simple and more accurate. Slides
      of the thyroid and parathyroid are shown indicating that the histological
      criteria of function correlate with these biochemical findings during life. The
      classification of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis according to the mode of
      reaction rather than to the extent of lung invasion, is advocated. A terminology
      and the clinical, endocrine, and applied biochemical tests by which the groups
      can be recognized are described.Emphasis is laid on the necessity for research
      into the hereditary and environmental factors which lead to injury of the
      ductless glands, and hence lowered resistance to disease.

PMID- 19986233
TI  - Anaesthesia in Thyroid Surgery.

PMID- 19986234
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TRAUMATIC NEURASTHENIA AND THE LITIGATION NEUROSIS.

PMID- 19986235
TI  - A Case of Rupture of the Uterus After a Previous Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19986236
TI  - The Age Incidence of Carcinoma Corporis Uteri.

PMID- 19986237
TI  - A Case of Papilliferous Cysts of the Ovaries.

PMID- 19986238
TI  - Pseudomyxoma Peritonei associated with Ruptured Ovarian Cyst and Appendicular
      Disease.

PMID- 19986239
TI  - Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy.

PMID- 19986240
TI  - President's Address: A National Investigation of Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19986242
TI  - Case of Attic Cholesteatoma with Vertigo: Ossiculectomy: Relief.

PMID- 19986241
TI  - Three Cases of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media on the Right (i.e., the exposed)
      Side of Motor Drivers.

PMID- 19986243
TI  - Squamous-celled Carcinoma of Left External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19986245
TI  - Necrosis of Meatal Wall following Mastoid Operation during Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19986244
TI  - Three Cases Illustrating Indications for Wilde's Incision.

PMID- 19986247
TI  - A Congenital Dislocation of Both Lenses, treated by Iridotomy.

PMID- 19986246
TI  - The Danger Instincts.
AB  - (I) THEORY: Rivers' theory of the "danger instincts" is a key to the problem of
      moral and prevention of war neuroses. (II) CAUSES OF WAR NEUROSES: These are
      believed to be largely mental, e.g., conflict between the instinct of self
      preservation and the sense of duty. (III) INSTINCT OF SELF-PRESERVATION: This
      subject presents difficulties, because people react in so many different ways; a
      man may be impelled to run away, or to become aggressive or even motionless when
      in danger. (IV) IMPORTANCE: The importance of knowing all the reactions of the
      normal man to danger is, first-the need to know the normal before considering the
      abnormal states; second-the chemical warfare of the future will involve increased
      emotional stress; third-in such war, there will be an additional strain of
      inactivity during a gas attack. (V) THE DANGER INSTINCTS AS DESCRIBED BY RIVERS:
      Reaction by flight. Aggression. Manipulative activity. Immobility and collapse.
      Emotional states associated with reactions. Conflict between different tendencies
      the reason for collapse when in danger. (VI) EVIDENCE SUPPORTING RIVERS'
      THEORIES: Relative severity of war neurosis in pilots, observers, balloon
      officers, Army officers and submarine crews. Investigation on reactions of pilots
      to danger and fear. (VII) RIVERS' THEORY APPLIED TO MORAL (MENTAL HYGIENE):
      Knowledge of normal reactions to danger enables the medical officer to help to
      maintain moral by:-(a) Preparing the mind to meet danger. Explaining that fear is
      a natural emotion under certain circumstances. Need for self-control but not
      shame. (b) Prevention of repression. (c) Counter-suggestion and panic. (VIII)
      CONCLUDING STATEMENT ON COWARDICE: Difficulty in distinguishing cowardice from
      neurosis. Definition suggested. Medical tests.

PMID- 19986248
TI  - Two Cases of Macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19986249
TI  - Parinaud's Conjunctivitis.

PMID- 19986250
TI  - Reticular Opacity of the Cornea.

PMID- 19986251
TI  - Melanoma of the Eyelid.

PMID- 19986252
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Cataract with Spontaneous Absorption of the Lens.

PMID- 19986253
TI  - The Application of Heat by Diathermy in Iridocyclitis.

PMID- 19986254
TI  - A Study of the Incidence of the Minor Psychoses-their Clinical and Industrial
      Importance.
AB  - An inquiry into telegraphists' cramp showed an unsuspected prevalence of
      psychoneurotic symptoms among a control group of presumably healthy people.
      Learners in the school of telegraphy contained 19 per cent. of subjects having
      symptoms of significant severity.These people with symptoms of minor psychoses
      are probably subject to excessive loss of time through illness. Records of
      various establishments show extraordinary variations in the gross amount of
      illness and also in its nature. Hence the investigation was now directed towards
      ascertaining the proportion of the population suffering from the minor psychoses,
      distribution in different occupations, and the probable influence of occupation
      in determining the incidence of psychoneurotic illness.The inquiry consisted of
      personal interviews with voluntary subjects and tests with the McDougall-Schuster
      dotting machine. The method of examination is described and some observations are
      made on day-dreaming at work, the effect of noise, and the reaction of ex-Service
      men towards their war experiences. These three phenomena are found to vary
      according to the temperament of the subject.Subjects are put in six groups
      assessed according to absence of symptoms or to their degree. A few examples of
      the major psychoses were met with and are excluded from the general
      statistics.Description of the dotting test. Its results are found to be
      correlated with those of the psychological examination. Examples are given of
      hysteria, of hysteria with anxiety, of pure anxiety, and of obsessional states.
      Obsessional subjects produce extremely good dotting records, surpassing those of
      normal people.The different groups are now classified according to their
      assessments. Roughly, 50 per cent. of the total number examined are found to be
      free from symptoms. There is some variability between different groups, but
      sickness rates seem to be independent of the number of minor psychoses that are
      found in each group. Laundry workers have as large a percentage of high
      assessments as clerical workers, but illness rates are low. Satisfaction of the
      workers with their work seems an important factor in illness.Since the incidence
      of the minor psychoses varies little from group to group, and does not seem to be
      statistically related to the incidence of psychoneurotic illness, other factors
      must be at work and should be investigated.

PMID- 19986255
TI  - Still's Disease Cured by Intercurrent Diphtheria.

PMID- 19986256
TI  - A Case of Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19986257
TI  - Tuberculous Arthritis of the Shoulder-joint.

PMID- 19986258
TI  - Lymphangioma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19986260
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Heart associated with Heart Block.

PMID- 19986259
TI  - Pseudocoxalgia in a Girl aged 5.

PMID- 19986261
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986262
TI  - Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Pulmonary Artery in a Case of Congenital Heart
      Disease.

PMID- 19986263
TI  - A Case of Primary Sclerosis of the Pulmonary Artery.

PMID- 19986264
TI  - Splenomegaly. ? Diagnosis and Treatment.

PMID- 19986266
TI  - Notes on Blastomycosis: Its AEtiology and Clinical Varieties.

PMID- 19986265
TI  - Case of Diabetes with Sciatic Neuritis and Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19986267
TI  - Thatched Buildings-a Problem in Malaria Prevention.

PMID- 19986268
TI  - Stippling of the Red Cells in Malaria.

PMID- 19986269
TI  - A Malaria Infection of the Baboon Papio sphinx.

PMID- 19986270
TI  - On the Treatment of the Actinomycosis Type of Mycetoma.

PMID- 19986271
TI  - A Case of Intermittent Pyrexia associated with and probably due to Broncho
      spirochaetosis, Shown April 6, 1927.

PMID- 19986272
TI  - President's Address: The Scientific Basis of the Practice of Medical Hydrology.

PMID- 19986273
TI  - The Emerald Table.

PMID- 19986274
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF PYURIA IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19986275
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION OF SYNTHALIN.

PMID- 19986276
TI  - Removal of Endothelioma of Ovary with Recurrence in the Vagina Thirteen Years
      Later and Near the Cervix Twenty-four Years Later.

PMID- 19986277
TI  - Endometrial Tumour of the Umbilicus.

PMID- 19986278
TI  - Recurrence of Leio-myo-sarcoma of the Uterus in the Cervical Stump.

PMID- 19986279
TI  - A Contribution to the Problem of Puerperal Sepsis.

PMID- 19986280
TI  - Post-encephalitic Syndrome.

PMID- 19986281
TI  - Dystrophia Myotonica.

PMID- 19986282
TI  - Thyroid Neoplasm with Secondary Deposits in Skull.

PMID- 19986283
TI  - Contusio Cerebri. ? Right Occipital Fracture.

PMID- 19986284
TI  - Polycythaemia: Cerebral Thrombosis.

PMID- 19986285
TI  - Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986286
TI  - Myopathy with Fibrillation.

PMID- 19986287
TI  - Progressive Muscular Atrophy with Involuntary Movements of One Arm.

PMID- 19986288
TI  - Palato-Laryngeal Nystagmus.

PMID- 19986289
TI  - Myoclonus Epilepsy.

PMID- 19986290
TI  - Cerebellar Tuberculoma-Medical Treatment-Improvement.

PMID- 19986292
TI  - A Case of Spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 19986291
TI  - Bilateral Thrombosis of the Posterior Cerebral Artery.

PMID- 19986293
TI  - A Case of Dermato-Myositis.

PMID- 19986294
TI  - Two Cases of Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19986295
TI  - Renal Infantilism.

PMID- 19986296
TI  - Specimen of Congenital Macroglossia.

PMID- 19986297
TI  - Coeliac Disease.

PMID- 19986298
TI  - Fibro-Cystic Disease of Humerus.

PMID- 19986299
TI  - An Unusual Case of Asthma.

PMID- 19986300
TI  - Facial Nerve Paralysis.

PMID- 19986302
TI  - Encephalitis after Measles and Chicken-pox.

PMID- 19986301
TI  - Facial Nerve Paralysis, associated with Fits.

PMID- 19986303
TI  - Multiple Arthritis with Enlargement of the Liver and Spleen.

PMID- 19986304
TI  - Mongolian Blue Patches.

PMID- 19986305
TI  - Mongolian Blue Spots.

PMID- 19986307
TI  - Problems and Opportunities for Research in Spa Treatment.

PMID- 19986306
TI  - Theories of Suggestion.
AB  - The word "suggestion" has been used in educational, scientific and medical
      literature in slightly different senses. In psychological medicine the use of
      suggestion has developed out of the earlier use of hypnotic influence.Charcot
      defined hypnosis as an artificial hysteria, Bernheim as an artificially increased
      suggestibility. The two definitions need to be combined to give an adequate
      account of hypnosis. Moreover, due allowance should be made for the factors of
      dissociation and of rapport in hypnotic phenomena.The relationships between
      dissociation, suggestibility, and hypnotizability.Theories of suggestion
      propounded by Pierre Janet, Freud, McDougall, Pawlow and others. Ernest Jones's
      theory of the nature of auto-suggestion. Janet explains suggestion in terms of
      ideo-motor action in which the suggested idea, because of the inactivity of
      competing ideas, produces its maximum effect. Freud explains rapport in terms of
      the sex instinct "inhibited in its aim" (transference) and brings in his
      distinction of "ego" and "ego-ideal" (or "super-ego") to supplement the theory.
      Jones explains auto-suggestion in terms of narcissism. McDougall explains
      hypnotic suggestion in terms of the instinct of self-abasement. But different
      instincts may supply the driving power to produce suggestion-effects in different
      circumstances. Such instincts as those of self-preservation (fear) and
      gregariousness may play their part. Auto-suggestion as a therapeutic factor is
      badly named. It supplements, but does not supplant the will, and makes complete
      volition possible.

PMID- 19986309
TI  - A Criticism of Current Views of Shock and Collapse.

PMID- 19986308
TI  - Carbon-dioxide Thermo-saline Springs in the Light of Modern Research.
AB  - Investigations on the influence of natural Nauheim standing and running
      effervescent CO(2) thermo-saline baths on the subcutaneous CO(2) and O(2) tension
      in gas under the skin in rabbits showed a decrease of the CO(2) tension in all
      experiments. The O(2) tension increased in 50 per cent. of the experiments, in
      the others it remained unaffected. The results are interpreted as due to an
      increase in ventilation and an increase in peripheral blood-flow, the peripheral
      blood-vessels being dilated. Plain water baths of the same temperature and
      duration did not show this effect on the peripheral circulation, both CO(2) and
      O(2) tension being decreased after the bath. The relations between these
      researches and other investigations on the effect of natural thermo-saline baths
      are discussed as well as the difference between the effect of natural and
      artificial baths. The special curative properties of fresh natural mineral
      springs are in some way connected with the composition of the salts as complex
      compounds and their molecular structure. These complex compounds being decomposed
      by heat, light or access of air, the special activity is lost. The presence of
      the salts as complex compounds in fresh natural mineral springs is supposed to be
      due to the special geological conditions under which these compounds are formed.

PMID- 19986310
TI  - Some Notes on Paracusis Willisii from the Ferens Institute of Oto-Laryngology.
AB  - Investigations were carried out by Tucker's Audiometer, in which a pure note,
      electrically produced, is reduced by means of resistances until it ceases to be
      heard. Thirty cases of middle-ear deafness with paracusis were investigated. In
      two there was absolute paracusis, the sound being better heard with disturbing
      noise. In sixteen (relative paracusis) there was little diminution in hearing
      power in the presence of a disturbing sound. In twelve the hearing was apparently
      improved in the presence of a disturbing sound in the opposite ear (crossed
      paracusis). We have found no previous description of this last condition, and
      venture no suggestions as to its significance.

PMID- 19986311
TI  - Posterior (Mastoid) Drainage in Acute Suppuration of the Middle Ear.

PMID- 19986313
TI  - A Case of Otitic Septicaemia.

PMID- 19986312
TI  - Case of Acute Otitis Media with very Rapid Involvement of Lateral and Both
      Cavernous Sinuses.

PMID- 19986314
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPINAL INJURIES.
AB  - (1).-Varieties of spinal injuries, the three groups of common usage: fractures,
      dislocations, fracture-dislocations. Shall not refer in detail to fractures of
      the spinous or transverse processes.(2) Mechanics of injury to vertebrae. Two
      variables: (1) the nature of the bones; (2) the qualities of the force. Spinal
      injury usually caused by indirect violence.(3) The different results of injuries
      applied to the head; may break skull, failing that, the neck. Atlas fracture.
      Difference in qualities of the force causing atlas fracture and low cervical
      dislocation.(4) The compound nature of the vertebral body. The two columns,
      anterior, spongy; posterior, compact. The nature of wedge-compression of the
      vertebral body. Variations in the shape of the wedge. Reasons. Occur at all
      levels, including cervical spine.(5) Frequency of injury at different levels of
      vertebral column. "Localization" of injury. The two places of the graph of
      injury. The cervical at C. 5. Reason. The thoracic-lumbar peak at T. 12, L. 1
      industrial. Is there a third peak at C. 2?(6) The effects of violent flexion of
      the spine: cervical flexion causes luxation at C. 5 or so. Extension causes
      fracture of odontoid. Violent flexion and extension therefore cause injury at
      very different levels. Thoracic region, why is there no "peak" of injury at T.6,
      7? Lumbar region.(7) Displacement of fragments. Continuation of violence after
      the essential injury has been effected. Kummell's disease, no inflammatory
      process involved.(8) Injury to the intervertebral discs, essential for
      displacement. Imperfect rupture a cause for difficulty in reducing luxations. The
      worst cases those in which it is most easily done, but most of these have cord
      damage.(9) Spinal injury from minimal violence. Examples of trivial cases,
      diving, brushing hair and so forth. Vertebral displacement in disease a much more
      serious thing.(10) Curious stability of many cervical luxations. Reasons. Locking
      of the inferior zygaphophyses.(11) Injury to nervous elements left principally to
      other speakers. Cord compression very rare. Immediate and irremediable damage.
      Root injuries. Falling mortality of modern statistics due to better
      diagnosis.(12) Primary operation for fractures of spine relegated to oblivion.
      Rarity of indications for open operation. Reduction the best treatment.

PMID- 19986315
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DEEP X-RAY AND RADIUM THERAPY IN RELATION TO THE MOUTH AND UPPER
      RESPIRATORY TRACT.
AB  - The rays destroy, partially destroy, or injure cells, especially the nucleus. The
      injured cells may recover, so that further radiation is usually advisable after
      eight weeks. In throat conditions, overdosage is the great danger, owing to
      insufficient body-fluid coverings, and to the presence of large air cavities,
      which prevent the proper diffusion of rays and the striking back of those which
      penetrate the growth. The use of glucose and the permeating of the growth with
      metals in minute subdivision in order to cause secondary radiations advised. The
      best method of all, if practicable, would be to fill the air cavities with
      fluids, after preliminary tracheotomy. The main advantages of deep therapy are
      the ease with which wide areas can be radiated and the flexibility of the method.
      By varying the voltage and the filters with the depth from the surface, one can
      get diffusion of the rays, because the softer the ray the greater its absorption.
      This method is extremely safe, even for out-patients. Surgery when possible is
      always advisable. Diathermy is best, followed within three days by radiation. In
      doubtful cases partial radiation immediately before operation is advisable, to be
      completed within ten days after operation. Formation of antibodies is considered
      to be a vital factor. These are formed as the result of the absorption of the
      destroyed cells. In all malignant conditions the same dosage is now administered.
      After-treatment of hospital cases is most important. Artificial sunlight is
      advised, also sending the patient to an institution or convalescent home.

PMID- 19986316
TI  - Diathermy Removal of the Entire Soft Palate and one Tonsil for Endothelioma.

PMID- 19986317
TI  - Carcinoma of the Ethmoid treated by Operation and Radium.

PMID- 19986318
TI  - Microscopical Sections and Drawings from a Case of Lympho-Sarcoma of the Pharynx
      and Naso-Pharynx. (Case shown March 6 and May 1, 1925.).

PMID- 19986319
TI  - Microscopical Sections of Epithelioma of the Vestibule of the Nose, Before and
      Six Months After Treatment with Radium. (Case shown May 4, 1923.).

PMID- 19986320
TI  - Fibro-Sarcomata of Nose treated by Radium.

PMID- 19986321
TI  - Sarcoid.

PMID- 19986322
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19986323
TI  - Sarcoid: Effect of Krysolgan Treatment: Gradual Absorption of Sarcoid Nodules,
      with Development of Prurigo (twice previously shown).

PMID- 19986324
TI  - Prurigo Nodularis.

PMID- 19986326
TI  - Acne Necrotica.

PMID- 19986325
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus.

PMID- 19986327
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19986328
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19986329
TI  - Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's Disease) in a Woman: Three Children
      affected with the "Forme Fruste" of the Disease.

PMID- 19986330
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Tertiary Yaws.

PMID- 19986331
TI  - Two Cases of Nodular Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19986332
TI  - Benign Lymphogranuloma (Schaumann) previously shown on two occasions: Apparent
      Cure.

PMID- 19986333
TI  - Chancre Redux with Negative Provocative Test.

PMID- 19986334
TI  - Mycotic Infection of a Nail.

PMID- 19986335
TI  - Dermatitis Repens (Crocker).

PMID- 19986337
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19986336
TI  - Case of Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19986339
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986338
TI  - Extensive Lupus of the Face of a Young Girl with Microstoma, Ectropion, and Early
      Malignant X-ray Papilloma.

PMID- 19986340
TI  - Adenomata of Mucous Glands.

PMID- 19986341
TI  - Case of Multiple Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19986342
TI  - Melanosis of Lid and Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19986344
TI  - A Melanotic Tumour of the Lower Lid.

PMID- 19986343
TI  - Hyperphoria, Cured by Operation.

PMID- 19986345
TI  - Parinaud's Conjunctivitis.

PMID- 19986346
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of Ciliary Body (Section).

PMID- 19986347
TI  - Disappearance of Cataract.

PMID- 19986348
TI  - Relapse of Interstitial Keratitis.

PMID- 19986349
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Dislocation of Lens in Twins, aged 6.

PMID- 19986350
TI  - Symmetrical Lens Opacities in a Boy, aged 11.

PMID- 19986352
TI  - Obstruction of Macular Artery of Right Eye.

PMID- 19986351
TI  - Choroiditis Juxta-Papillaris.

PMID- 19986353
TI  - Solitary Patch of Choroiditis, Right.

PMID- 19986354
TI  - Drusen in a Girl aged 15.

PMID- 19986355
TI  - Bilateral Tumour of Orbit.

PMID- 19986357
TI  - Bilateral Macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19986356
TI  - Results of Antenatal Corneal Ulceration.

PMID- 19986358
TI  - Corneo-Sclerectomy in Old Interstitial Keratitis.

PMID- 19986360
TI  - "? Retinitis Punctata Albescens".

PMID- 19986359
TI  - Obstruction of Right Superior Temporal Artery in a Woman aged 24.

PMID- 19986361
TI  - Macular Degeneration after Retinitis Circinata.

PMID- 19986362
TI  - Demonstration: An Apparatus for Exercising Heterophoria and Squint Cases.

PMID- 19986363
TI  - The Histology of Some Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System.
AB  - The histological appearances of poliomyelitis, encephalitis lethargica and post
      vaccinal encephalitis are discussed and the main differential characteristics
      enumerated.

PMID- 19986364
TI  - A Radiological Study of the Bone Changes in Renal Infantilism.
AB  - (1) Definite changes in the radiographic appearance of the bones are found in
      renal infantilism.(2) The radiographs show two distinct types of change which I
      have called the "rachitic" and the "woolly" types.(3) The rachitic type is
      practically identical with ordinary rickets.(4) The woolly type is
      characteristic, and is sufficiently typical to be of diagnostic value.(5) The
      lesions found in this woolly type are asymmetrical, and may be much more marked
      in one bone than another.(6) The marked deformities in renal infantilism are
      produced by a collapse of the bone in the metaphysis, which throws the end of the
      bone out of line.

PMID- 19986365
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CARDIAC INFARCTION (CORONARY THROMBOSIS).

PMID- 19986366
TI  - Sarcoma of Lower Jaw in a Boy aged 7.

PMID- 19986367
TI  - Pseudocoxalgia in a Boy aged 4 Years.

PMID- 19986368
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of the Humerus.

PMID- 19986369
TI  - Erythro-leukaemia.

PMID- 19986370
TI  - Arterio-sclerosis with Osteo-arthritic Changes in the Knee-joints; long-standing
      Tumour of Left Shoulder.

PMID- 19986371
TI  - An Early Case of Compression of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19986372
TI  - Tuberculous Pneumothorax treated by Aspiration and Gas Displacement.

PMID- 19986373
TI  - Surgical and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19986374
TI  - Non-operated Mammary Carcinoma of fifteen years' duration in a Woman with a
      Strongly Positive Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19986375
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19986376
TI  - Abscess in the Liver, of Uncertain Origin, associated with Enlargement of the
      Spleen.

PMID- 19986377
TI  - An Unusual Type of Pericarditis associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease.

PMID- 19986378
TI  - Two Cases of Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica two years after
      Splenectomy.

PMID- 19986379
TI  - X-Ray Burn of the Anus treated by Excision and Plastic Surgery.

PMID- 19986380
TI  - Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19986381
TI  - Chronic Perichondritis.

PMID- 19986382
TI  - Tumour of the Neck associated with Syncopal Attacks.

PMID- 19986383
TI  - Case of Paralysis after Bicycle Accident.

PMID- 19986385
TI  - The Medico-Legal Aspects of Deaths Under Anaesthetics.

PMID- 19986384
TI  - Volkmann's Ischaemic Myositis.

PMID- 19986386
TI  - Non-Surgical Subcutaneous Emphysema in Laryngeal Diphtheria.

PMID- 19986388
TI  - Persistent Vomiting.

PMID- 19986387
TI  - Frohlich Type of Dyspituitarism with Extreme Genital Dystrophy.

PMID- 19986389
TI  - An Atypical Case of Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19986390
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986391
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease with Faecal Incontinence.

PMID- 19986392
TI  - Tuberculous Osteitis of the Skull.

PMID- 19986393
TI  - Rachitis Tarda following Treatment for Coeliac Disease.

PMID- 19986394
TI  - Sprengel's Shoulder.

PMID- 19986396
TI  - Apical Infection.

PMID- 19986395
TI  - Some Aspects of the Epidemiology of Typhoid Fever in the Royal Navy.

PMID- 19986397
TI  - Double Optic Neuritis (Choked Discs), with Changes in the Maculae, in a Case of
      Cerebral Tumour.

PMID- 19986398
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986399
TI  - Tumour in Anterior Chamber with Recurrent Hyphaema.

PMID- 19986400
TI  - The Factors Controlling the Intra-ocular Pressure.

PMID- 19986401
TI  - Abnormal Arrangement of Vessels on Optic Disc.

PMID- 19986403
TI  - Sarcoma of the Uterus.

PMID- 19986402
TI  - Reticular Opacity of the Cornea.

PMID- 19986404
TI  - Difficult Labour, partly due to the Large Size of the Child, in a Pure-blood
      Australian Aboriginal Woman.

PMID- 19986406
TI  - Endometrioma: A Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986405
TI  - A Consideration of the Results of Albuminuria occurring during Pregnancy, with
      special reference to the relationship between Pregnancy Kidney and Chronic
      Nephritis.
AB  - The frequency with which albuminuria of pregnancy recurs with subsequent
      pregnancies is very much greater than is usually stated. In a series of twenty
      eight cases it recurred in 68 per cent.Its significance lies in that it points to
      permanent renal damage.A patient with recurrent albuminuria of pregnancy usually
      manifests signs and symptoms of "pregnancy kidney" rather than of chronic
      nephritis. This is accounted for by breaking away from the practice of trying to
      fit into distinct pathological groups, cases which are really varying mixtures of
      two pathologies. Recurrent albuminuria of pregnancy is really a transitory
      pregnancy kidney occurring in a patient who is suffering from a permanent chronic
      nephritis.Evidence is brought forward to show that chronic nephritis may arise de
      novo as a sequel to pregnancy kidney. The frequency with which this permanent
      damage can be demonstrated in previously healthy women depends largely upon the
      delicacy of the tests for estimating renal function. The most delicate test is a
      subsequent pregnancy; and where this is available, we find permanent renal damage
      in about 57 per cent. If such advanced changes as persistent albuminuria, cardiac
      hypertrophy, etc., are taken as evidence of chronic nephritis, we find it in only
      14 per cent.When pregnancy occurs in a patient already suffering from obvious
      chronic renal disease, the superimposed pregnancy kidney (which always occurs to
      a greater or less extent) causes an increase in the permanent renal damage. These
      cases are uncommon, but always serious, and, on account of the danger to which
      the mother is exposed, pregnancy should invariably be terminated as soon as
      possible.It is never possible to say that there is no danger to the mother when
      albuminuria occurs during pregnancy; and the term "functional albuminuria of
      pregnancy" should be abolished, being misleading to the clinician, and
      meaningless to the pathologist.The remaining cases of albuminuria during
      pregnancy are due to pregnancy kidney. It is shown that they run two main risks.
      The risk of eclampsia (except in fulminating cases) can be avoided by proper
      treatment and timely termination of pregnancy. The risk of chronic nephritis
      occurring as a direct result of pregnancy is, however, not sufficiently
      recognized, and in consequence, steps are not usually taken to avoid what is
      actually quite a common sequel. If a patient with albuminuria is treated
      carefully over a long period, and induction of labour is performed only just soon
      enough to avoid eclampsia, there is a tendency to regard such treatment as an
      obstetric triumph made possible by the great clinical acumen of the obstetrician.
      Actually it is often a grave obstetric blunder, in that, as a result of the
      prolonged albuminuria, an incurable chronic nephritis may develop. Once this
      danger has been recognized we may turn our attention to the possibility of
      avoiding it-and some indication is given as to how cases in which permanent renal
      damage is likely to arise, may be recognized, so that labour may be induced as a
      prophylactic (rather than a therapeutic) measure against chronic nephritis. It is
      also shown that it is unwise to jeopardize the mother for the sake of what may in
      these cases quite likely be a macerated foetus.

PMID- 19986408
TI  - The Bactericidal Power of Human Blood and some Methods of Altering It.

PMID- 19986407
TI  - Some Observations on Diphtheria Carriers.
AB  - The results of the clinical examination of 288 diphtheria carriers, 300
      diphtheria patients, and 100 diphtheria convalescents ready for discharge are
      given. It is shown that the proportion of abnormal conditions in the nose and
      throat of the carriers (94.1 per cent.) is higher than in the diphtheria patient
      group (73 per cent.), and considerably higher than in the recovered convalescent
      cases (52 per cent.). This is particularly noticeable when the proportion of
      cases with nasal abnormalities is considered in the three groups, namely, in
      carriers 72.2 per cent.; in diphtheria patients 42.6 per cent.; while in negative
      convalescent cases the figure is only 7 per cent. Further, the departures from
      normal in the recovered convalescents are generally enlarged but healthy looking
      tonsils which do not appear to interfere with the natural elimination of
      diphtheria bacilli during convalescence.The greatest proportion of carriers is in
      the age group 1 to 5 years, and owing to the small size and anatomical
      complexities of the nasal passages, the pathological conditions tend to persist
      and make examination and treatment difficult. The figures indicate that the
      presence of pathological conditions in the nose and throat of diphtheria patients
      is conducive to the establishment of the carrier state.It has been shown during
      the investigation that the presence of diphtheria bacilli in carriers is
      intermittent, and that there may be failure to isolate the organisms over long
      periods of time although the patient may still be infective.It is emphasized that
      even three negative culture results are not sufficient to establish that a
      carrier is completely free from infection.

PMID- 19986409
TI  - Methods of Estimating Certain Alterations in the Middle-ear by Means of
      Quantitative Tests of Hearing.

PMID- 19986410
TI  - Case of Supernumerary Auricle on Left Side, and Congenital Malformation of Right
      Cheek.

PMID- 19986411
TI  - Case of Acute Suppuration of the Middle-ear with Comparative Absence of Aural
      Symptoms. Thrombo-phlebitis of Lateral Sinus. Operation. Recovery.

PMID- 19986412
TI  - Case of Gunshot Wound causing Complete Deafness of Right Ear.

PMID- 19986413
TI  - Loss of Function in Left Internal Ear and Labyrinth, caused by War Injury.

PMID- 19986414
TI  - Different Types of Mastoid Processes in the same Individual.

PMID- 19986415
TI  - Case of Acute Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19986416
TI  - Case of Congenital Atresia of the Meatus.

PMID- 19986417
TI  - Madelung's Deformity: after Operation.

PMID- 19986418
TI  - Painful Affection of Head of Second Metatarsal Bone.

PMID- 19986419
TI  - Report of a Case of Congenital Absence of the Upper End of the Femur.

PMID- 19986420
TI  - Mal-union after Fracture of the Phalanges of the Hand.

PMID- 19986421
TI  - Two Cases of Snapping Knee, in which the External Semilunar Cartilage formed a
      Complete Circular Disc.

PMID- 19986422
TI  - Arthroplasty of the Right Temporo-Mandibular Joint.

PMID- 19986424
TI  - Two Cases of Mal-united Fracture of the Forearm.

PMID- 19986423
TI  - Unreduced Dislocation of the Hip and Carpal Injury in the Same Patient.

PMID- 19986425
TI  - Congenital Deformities of Cervical and Upper Dorsal Vertebrae and Fusion of Upper
      Three Left Ribs.

PMID- 19986427
TI  - An Operation for the Cure of Prolapse of the Rectum in the Female.

PMID- 19986426
TI  - Two Cases of Unusual Multiple Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19986428
TI  - The Treatment of Irreducible Sigmoido-Rectal Intussusception in Old People.

PMID- 19986430
TI  - Hydronephrosis with Absence of Ureter.

PMID- 19986429
TI  - The Sigmoidoscopic Appearances of Dysenteries of Tropical Origin.

PMID- 19986431
TI  - Extroversion of the Bladder following Suprapubic Prostatectomy.

PMID- 19986432
TI  - Tumour of Kidney.

PMID- 19986434
TI  - PITFALLS IN RADIOLOGY.

PMID- 19986433
TI  - The Formation of Urinary Calculi.
AB  - Normal urine is always grossly super-saturated in regard to the stone-forming
      salts, which are kept in solution by the action of the colloids. This action is
      best explained by the theory of adsorption.The amount of the stone-forming salts
      which can be held in solution depends on the surface area of the colloid, and
      therefore on its state of subdivision. Precipitation of these salts is due to
      failure of the colloid to hold them in solution. It may be due to an insufficient
      quantity, but is more probably due to coagulation of the colloid.When
      precipitation occurs in the urinary passages, the crystals are usually retained
      in the lower calyx of the kidney. A crystalline deposit tends to grow into
      crystalline concretions under the action of surface energy, thus forming true
      primary calculi. Stones of this type soon irritate the wall of the cavity in
      which they are contained and cause a reactionary exudate. The laminated stone is
      formed by continued deposition of crystals, coupled with rhythmic precipitation
      of a foreign colloid derived from the exudate. Stones originating in infected
      media are formed in a similar manner.

PMID- 19986435
TI  - THE INFLUENCE OF NASO-ORAL SEPSIS ON THE LUNGS AND GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT.

PMID- 19986436
TI  - A Case of Diplococcal Infection of the Sphenoid Sinus with Associated
      Haemorrhages in the Stomach.

PMID- 19986437
TI  - THE OCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.

PMID- 19986438
TI  - The Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever in its Climatological Relationship to a
      Possible Insect Carrier.
AB  - A short while ago a special sub-committee of the British Medical Association [1]
      sat to inquire into the problem of rheumatic heart disease in children, and
      suggested, among other conclusions, that the material for any accurate world map
      of the incidence of rheumatism was probably not available. My objects in
      presenting this paper are:-(1) To provide data for this map.(2) To show that the
      geographical distribution of rheumatic fever coincides with that of the common
      rat flea, Ceratophyllus fasciatus, and(3) To suggest that this disease is caused
      by a protozoon, spirochaete or allied organism, which is carried by that flea.

PMID- 19986439
TI  - Francis Home (1719-1813), First Professor of Materia Medica in Edinburgh.

PMID- 19986440
TI  - Skull with Post-mortem Trepan, assigned to the Mid-sixteenth Century.

PMID- 19986441
TI  - Note on a Very Rare Journal.

PMID- 19986442
TI  - The Patron Saint of Laryngology.

PMID- 19986443
TI  - Chronic Hypertrophic Laryngitis treated by Diathermy (previously shown April 8,
      1927).

PMID- 19986445
TI  - "Hyperplastic" Laryngitis (previously shown November 7, 1924).

PMID- 19986444
TI  - Chronic Hypertrophic Laryngitis treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19986446
TI  - Dental Cyst treated by the Blood-clot Method.

PMID- 19986447
TI  - Hyperplasia of Right Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19986448
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of the Cheek treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19986449
TI  - Foreign Body in Bronchus.

PMID- 19986450
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986451
TI  - Chronic Swelling of Cheek.

PMID- 19986452
TI  - Carcinoma of Larynx-Laryngectomy.

PMID- 19986453
TI  - Chronic Swelling of Lip.

PMID- 19986454
TI  - Extrinsic Carcinoma of Larynx.

PMID- 19986455
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986456
TI  - Chronic Osteomyelitis of Superior Maxilla with Positive Wassermann Reaction.

PMID- 19986457
TI  - Mass of Adenoids resembling Choanal Polyp.

PMID- 19986458
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986459
TI  - Epithelioma of Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19986461
TI  - Pregnancy and Epidemic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19986462
TI  - Two Cases of Puerperal Sepsis treated by Hysterectomy.

PMID- 19986460
TI  - The Haemorrhagic Diathesis.
AB  - The primary purpuras form a single clinical entity.Variations in the number of
      platelets can occur without the production of haemorrhages. These variations are
      the result of the condition of the capillaries and are not the cause of
      haemorrhages. The platelets may vary in any form of purpura, primary or
      secondary.The essential cause of the haemorrhagic state is a defect or increased
      permeability of the capillary endothelium.Purpura is allied to urticaria, the
      Henoch-Schonlein type being an intermediate state.

PMID- 19986463
TI  - Digitalis: Its Clinical Standardization.

PMID- 19986465
TI  - Unusual Recurrent Bullous Eruption in a Boy with Slight Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19986464
TI  - Cultures, Preparations and Cases illustrating the Morphology, Cultural
      Characteristics, and Pathogenicity of the Spore of Malassez.

PMID- 19986466
TI  - Suboccipital Furrowed Scalp (the Suboccipital Type of Cutis Striata or Cutis
      Sulcata).

PMID- 19986467
TI  - Melanodermia and Follicular Keratosis following Salvarsan.

PMID- 19986468
TI  - Poikilodermia.

PMID- 19986469
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19986470
TI  - Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19986472
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LIFE ASSURANCE IN THE TROPICS.

PMID- 19986471
TI  - The Pathology of Certain Avian Morbid Conditions Compared with that of Analogous
      Diseases in Mammals.

PMID- 19986474
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CHRONIC APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19986473
TI  - President's Address: Purpura of the Urinary Tract.
AB  - Twenty-four cases of purpura of the urinary tract are discussed and
      analysed.Purpura of the kidney may be a cause of painless haematuria. In some
      cases nephrectomy may be necessary to check the bleeding.Purpura of the bladder
      is a cause of painful haematuria. In such cases the diagnosis can be made with
      the cytoscope.A number of the cases appear to be caused by a streptococcal
      infection of throat, teeth or bowel.The exhibition of horse serum by the mouth
      usually has an immediate effect in checking the bleeding tendencySplenectomy
      should be considered in severe chronic recurrent cases.Purpura is a symptom and
      not a disease. It can attack the kidney or bladder in any type of case. The
      attacks may be simple, recurrent or fulminating. In many cases no cause can be
      discovered, in others it is associated with acute rheumatism. In a number of
      cases a proximate cause can be discovered, in the nature of a bacterial
      infection, a chemical poison, a thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, or the
      deprivation of some vitamin.

PMID- 19986475
TI  - Some Public Health Aspects of Juvenile Rheumatism.
AB  - (1) The prevalence of juvenile rheumatism is shown by the incidence of heart
      disease in 1.5 to 2 per cent. of urban elementary school children. The annual
      mortality from rheumatic heart disease is probably about 20,000 deaths a year.(2)
      The age-incidence is due to the three factors of tonsillitis, exposure, and the
      diminished resistance to infection of childhood. Where these three factors
      overlap we get the heavy incidence of the infection. The class-incidence shows a
      rheumatic stratum of society in the upper poorer classes. The disease is
      therefore not a "poverty disease" strictly so-called; some added factor is also
      at work.(3) Juvenile rheumatism is clearly an environmental disease, for if the
      children of the poor are transported from their homes to residential schools they
      remain free from rheumatic infection. What is the factor at work amongst the poor
      which produces the disease in their own homes? The evidence that cold damp houses
      have an important influence in producing juvenile rheumatism is considerable.
      Overcrowding seems to protect to some extent, owing to the prevention of cold.
      The environmental causes of the disease must centre largely round the production
      of tonsillar infection.(4) The organized effort needed to prevent and control
      juvenile rheumatism consists in increased attention to housing conditions;
      increased endeavour in early detection by the School Medical Service; increased
      supervision by hospitals and practitioners of their rheumatic patients; and
      increased accommodation for prolonged treatment of heart disease.

PMID- 19986476
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN OBSTETRICS.

PMID- 19986478
TI  - Subluxation of the Head of the Fibula in a Boy, aged 10.

PMID- 19986477
TI  - The Value of Marine Health Resorts, with Special Reference to Children.

PMID- 19986479
TI  - Compound Follicular Odontome of the Upper Jaw in a Woman, aged 42.

PMID- 19986480
TI  - A Large Dental Cyst.

PMID- 19986481
TI  - An Innocent Intrathoracic Tumour.

PMID- 19986482
TI  - Bilateral Clicking Jaw in a Woman, aged 39.

PMID- 19986483
TI  - A Specimen of Innocent Intrathoracic Tumour (? Fibroma) discovered at the Post
      mortem Examination of a Woman killed in an Accident.

PMID- 19986484
TI  - High Blood-pressure, with Thrombosis of a Retinal Arteriole.

PMID- 19986486
TI  - Erythrocyanosis Frigida Crurum Puellarum.

PMID- 19986485
TI  - Mediastinal Tumour.

PMID- 19986487
TI  - Tuberculous Pericarditis.

PMID- 19986488
TI  - A Case of Epithelioma of the Nose and Lip treated by Diathermy Fourteen Years
      Ago.

PMID- 19986489
TI  - Addison's Disease.

PMID- 19986490
TI  - Occlusion of the Left Subclavian Artery.

PMID- 19986491
TI  - Vasomotor Neurosis.

PMID- 19986492
TI  - Leukaemic Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19986493
TI  - Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19986494
TI  - Two Cases of Sarcoid.

PMID- 19986496
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19986495
TI  - Lichen Planus of Rare Type.

PMID- 19986497
TI  - Ulceration of Nipple: ? Paget's Disease.

PMID- 19986498
TI  - Nodular Infiltrations in Subcutaneous Tissue: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986499
TI  - Specimen: Microscopical Section showing Adeno-carcinoma of Sweat-gland.

PMID- 19986500
TI  - Chronic Stagnatory Erythema of the Legs Treated by Arterial Sympathectomy.

PMID- 19986501
TI  - Some Observations on Pyuria.

PMID- 19986502
TI  - Season and Disease.
AB  - THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN DISEASE, AS IS THE CASE IN THE SPREAD OF INFECTIVE
      DISEASES GENERALLY, DEPEND UPON THREE PRIMARY FACTORS: (1) the presence of the
      micro-organisms of adequate virulence and infectivity; (2) the means of
      transmission to (3) the susceptible tissues of the susceptible individual. All
      other factors, in this relation largely climatic, can act directly only through
      these three primary factors and are therefore termed secondary. The paper is
      largely an attempt to express the effect of the variations in the secondary
      factors in terms of the alterations they produce in the primary factors. The
      total effect of the three primary factors in the spread of infection is termed
      "dispersability" and a ratio or measure of dispersability is described. This
      ratio emphasizes occurrences in the pre-epidemic period.The relationship of
      temperature and humidity to the alimentary, respiratory and percutaneous diseases
      and to the ectodermoses, is investigated. In the autumnal group of infections,
      attention is drawn to the action of carriers in causing a rise in dispersability
      in the spring and the frequent occurrence of a double wave of dispersability.The
      effect of climatic changes is often cumulative, and this is most evident in the
      autumnal group of infections, the seasonal occurrence of which cannot be directly
      explained by temperature changes, or even by the action of light on phagocytes.
      The possibility of vitamin deficiency or excess producing cumulative effects is
      considered.Secular changes in seasonal periodicities are investigated and these
      are associated with other changes, such as the intrinsic periodicities, mode of
      spread, etc., the combined changes being described by the terms aggradation and
      degradation of disease.Slides covering the majority of the infective diseases of
      temperate climates and exhibiting the secular changes in Liverpool, and various
      geographical differences, in some 175 curves displayed.

PMID- 19986503
TI  - Note on Idiosyncrasies and Abnormalities in Human Beings.
AB  - Idiosyncrasies are the expression of abnormal mental or physical reaction towards
      "agents." An attempt is made to indicate the position of idiosyncrasies in a
      classified scheme of all abnormalities; but bodily idiosyncrasies due to an
      "allergic" or hypersensitive response to agents are mainly considered in the
      present paper. Migraine and mucous colic ("colitis mucosa") are discussed in
      connexion with Freeman's view of food idiosyncrasies, hay fever, asthma,
      urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, &c., as manifestations of an "immunological
      abnormality or defect."The hypothesis that idiosyncratic hypersensitiveness
      towards physical agents, such as light, heat, cold and mechanical trauma, may in
      reality be the expression of reaction towards a histamine-like body, or protein
      of some kind (virtually a "foreign protein") liberated in the tissues by the
      physical agent in question, is referred to, according to the works of W. W. Duke
      and Sir Thomas Lewis and his co-workers, and the writings of Sir Humphry
      Rolleston on the subject. A somewhat analogous explanation is suggested for the
      following conditions: an abnormally hypersensitive (eczema-like) reaction towards
      formalin lotions; epidermolysis bullosa; constitutional factitious urticaria in
      otherwise healthy individuals not suffering from ordinary urticaria; excessive
      liability to chilblains; so-called "erythrocyanosis" of the lower parts of the
      legs in girls and young women, and some cases of Raynaud's disease.The
      significance of eosinophilia in cases of dermatitis herpetiformis and pemphigus
      is also alluded to.

PMID- 19986504
TI  - New Zealand Views on Goitre.
AB  - Simple goitre is highly prevalent in New Zealand, and there is considerable
      incidence of toxic goitre. The aetiology of simple goitre seems fairly well
      established, and an attempt is being made to apply the data from simple goitre to
      the problems of toxic goitre.Endemic goitre is of great antiquity among the
      Maoris, and has been described among Europeans for about fifty years. It occurs
      in both men and animals. At five years its incidence is similar in boys and
      girls, later it decreases in boys but increases greatly in girls. It is often
      hereditary, and many children are born goitrous. In children it is generally
      small, but may enlarge and cause pressure, myxoedema and toxicity. Its incidence
      varies greatly in different districts.The only cause found consistent with this
      variation in distribution is lack of iodine in the soil. An inverse ratio has
      been demonstrated between the iodine content of the soil and the incidence of
      goitre in school children in thirty-three districts. The iodine content of the
      soil is reflected in the food raised upon it.The daily iodine intake was
      estimated at 35 microgrammes in a non-goitrous, and at 20 microgrammes in a
      goitrous district.The amount of iodine involved is infinitesimal, and its intake
      can be ensured by the use of salt for ordinary consumption, which contains four
      parts per million of potassium iodide.TOXIC GOITRE IS ALSO FREQUENT: in this
      connexion, the influence of iodine on the thyroid has been investigated. If
      starved of iodine the thyroid adapts itself either by increasing its colloid or
      by a diffuse hyperplasia, both may occur in different parts of the same gland.
      Simple goitre is the response of the healthy thyroid to iodine deficiency, the
      responding areas may be diffuse or adenomatous, and degenerations may occur. Such
      goitres may be treated with iodine, in children re-adjustment to the increased
      intake is readily made, but in adults long accustomed to a low intake, excess
      often causes too great hormone production, with toxic symptoms, hence the minimal
      dose alone is permissible in iodized salt.Goitre stored with iodine at low
      pressures may become toxic under stress, and this may be precipitated by iodine.
      The prevalence of toxic goitre may be partly due to the prescription of iodides
      in therapeutic doses for common ailments.Diffuse colloid goitre may subside under
      physiological iodine, the adenomatous is more prone to toxic symptoms and may go
      on to secondary Graves' disease or to myxoedema. Diffuse hyperplasia is a
      possible manifestation of iodine deficiency as primary Graves' disease. Lugol's
      solution probably allows of a temporary storage in this condition. Iodine has
      certainly some bearing on the problems of toxic goitre.

PMID- 19986505
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NARCOLEPSY.

PMID- 19986506
TI  - Atrophy of the Parotid Salivary Gland.

PMID- 19986507
TI  - Renal Infantilism.

PMID- 19986508
TI  - Enlarged Mediastinal Glands.

PMID- 19986509
TI  - Juvenile Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19986510
TI  - Muscle Weakness, altered Gait and absent Deep Reflexes after Measles.

PMID- 19986511
TI  - Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in Uniovular Twins.

PMID- 19986512
TI  - Case of Myatonia Congenita (Oppenheim) with Delayed Closure of the Anterior
      Fontanelle.

PMID- 19986513
TI  - Familial Cases of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.

PMID- 19986514
TI  - A Case of Intra-uterine Fracture of the Tibia and Fibula.

PMID- 19986515
TI  - A Case of "Pink Disease" Four and a Half Years after Recovery.

PMID- 19986516
TI  - Swelling in the Region of the Tendo Achillis.

PMID- 19986517
TI  - Multiple Neurofibromata of the Nerves of the Upper Extremity.

PMID- 19986518
TI  - Sinusitis in the Etiology of Mental Disorder.

PMID- 19986519
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TROPICAL MYCOSES.

PMID- 19986520
TI  - Post-Encephalitis and Its Problems.
AB  - Attention to-day is chiefly focussed upon the consequences of encephalitis
      lethargica; the disabled victims of the disease present many problems, both
      medical and administrative.The disease has a high case-mortality; though the
      majority of deaths occur during the primary attack, in many cases death occurs at
      much longer intervals after onset; the death-rate is estimated at 35 to 40 per
      cent. From the after-histories of some 3,000 patients in London, Glasgow,
      Belfast, Manchester, Bristol, Sheffield and other large towns, it appears that
      about 40 per cent. of notified patients become disabled. Generally speaking,
      severe sequels are preceded by severe symptoms in the original attack, but the
      Parkinsonian syndrome is a noteworthy exception to this rule.Broadly classifying
      the sufferers from post-encephalitis, rather than the sequelae observed in this
      condition, the author discusses (a) those who suffer mainly from physical
      sequels; (b) those who chiefly show origin of mental deterioration; (c) those who
      exhibit demoralizations.The provision of suitable institutional accommodation for
      those with progressive physical disabilities (often combined with mental
      failing), the general re-training and education of the youngest victims and the
      training and control of adolescents with serious character-changes, constitute
      some of the problems of post-encephalitis.While advocating further research the
      author considers that for the present the welfare of the passive helpless adult
      is best secured by ad hoc arrangements under the Poor Law Authorities or Board of
      Guardians. The youngest patients, with a more hopeful prognosis, need special
      institutional care and training on some such lines as those of the Encephalitis
      Unit at Winchmore Hill. It is hoped that the Mental Deficiency Act, 1927, will
      prove of great help for the management of moral delinquents.

PMID- 19986522
TI  - Specimen: Malignant Change in the Corpus Uteri, Demonstrating Metaplasia.

PMID- 19986521
TI  - Specimen: Chorion-Carcinoma of Ovary with Torsion of Pedicle in Child aged 11.

PMID- 19986524
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE AETIOLOGY OF ALCOHOLISM.

PMID- 19986523
TI  - Eclampsia and Its Treatment: An Experience with Spinal Anaesthesia in One Case.

PMID- 19986525
TI  - Observations on the Movements of the Duodenal Contents, with Special Reference to
      Antiperistalsis and Pyloric Regurgitation.

PMID- 19986526
TI  - Treatment of Incontinence of Urine in Women by Electro-Therapeutic Means.

PMID- 19986527
TI  - Some Considerations of Vertigo based on Experience.
AB  - Our only direct intimation of the existence of space is the sensation of vertigo,
      when through our cortical centres we become conscious of the fact that we are
      surrounded by a "blank" space in which motion is apparent, i.e., the relative
      condition of our body to the things around us seems to be altered. A precise
      account of the "nerve-cycle" and of its exact relation to the sympathic and
      parasympathic-in a word, to the autonomous vegetative-system and to the endocrine
      system, is at present impossible. We have known since the time of the classic
      investigations of Flourens, Breuer, Mach, Crum Brown, and their followers
      especially Sherrington-that the nature of these things is highly complicated.
      Simple mechanical theories are useless, even for teaching purposes, as they are
      more or less fictitious and often incomplete.The path of nervous action is
      through the ear, cerebellum, brain stem, cerebrum, medulla oblongata, spinal
      cord, and autonomous nervous system, to the different parts of the periphery, and
      there are also mutual connexions with the endocrine glands. Mention is made of
      the influence of constitution (i.e., inheritance, "the natural endowment"), and
      also of the conditional disposition, temper, training, in a word all external and
      internal stimuli. Again, the various reflexes, the numerous aggregations of
      ganglia, indicating a certain autonomy of function, constitute a great problem
      for future clinical observation. The mechanism of adaptation and compensation by
      which extensive injury may sometimes be counterbalanced, also enters into the
      question, as do the varying collateral paths, the synergetic action of different
      and sometimes very distant organs and so forth. Again, we have to think of the
      ratio of irritability and fatiguability, a significant factor in causation.
      Syphilis, arthritis, alcoholism, nicotine-poisoning, anaemia, leukaemia, tumours,
      and-especially-catarrh, are most important causes.

PMID- 19986528
TI  - Case of Traumatic Destruction of Labyrinth on the Left Side with Hysterical
      Deafness and Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media on the Right Side.

PMID- 19986529
TI  - SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS.

PMID- 19986530
TI  - A Pharmaceutical Fragment of the Tenth Century in Hebrew, by Shabbethai Donnolo.

PMID- 19986531
TI  - The Gild of Barber Surgeons of the City of York.

PMID- 19986532
TI  - A Medical Adventurer. Biographical Note on Sir James Wylie, Bart., M.D., 1758 to
      1854.

PMID- 19986533
TI  - A Case of Post-operative Tetany.

PMID- 19986534
TI  - Case of Carotid Body Tumour with Syncopal Attacks, after Operation.

PMID- 19986535
TI  - Two Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated by Thoracoplasty.

PMID- 19986536
TI  - Case of Total Transposition of Viscera.

PMID- 19986537
TI  - Two Cases of Familial Acholuric Jaundice in Brothers.

PMID- 19986538
TI  - Case of Hypothyroid Heart.

PMID- 19986540
TI  - A Large Exostosis of the Humerus in a Girl aged 10 years.

PMID- 19986539
TI  - Case of Obesity.

PMID- 19986541
TI  - Exfoliative Dermatitis with General Pigmentation.

PMID- 19986543
TI  - Unilateral Erythro-cyanosis Crurum Puellarum.

PMID- 19986542
TI  - Granuloma Fungoides. ? Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986544
TI  - Chronic Superficial Glossitis with Black "Fur".

PMID- 19986545
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19986546
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986548
TI  - Five Cases of Small-gut Obstruction Round Colostomies.

PMID- 19986547
TI  - Haemangiectatic Hypertrophy (Parkes Weber).

PMID- 19986549
TI  - Method of Removing a Pedunculated Adenoma of the Sigmoid through the Rectum.

PMID- 19986550
TI  - Bilharzia Haematobia of the Rectum.

PMID- 19986551
TI  - Specimen of Villous Adenoma of Rectum.

PMID- 19986552
TI  - Specimen of Perforated Diverticulum of Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19986553
TI  - Two Cases of Left Lumbar Acute Abscess caused by Carcinoma Coli.

PMID- 19986554
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of Descending Colon Associated with Multiple Polypi of
      Large Bowel.

PMID- 19986555
TI  - Case of Gangrene of the Rectum following Long-standing Prolapsing Haemorrhoids.

PMID- 19986556
TI  - Growth in Anus: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986557
TI  - Health Lessons from Bermuda.

PMID- 19986558
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE EFFECTS OF MIDDLE-EAR DISEASE ON EFFICIENCY IN CIVIL AND
      MILITARY LIFE.
AB  - (1) Introductory.-(2) Symptoms and complications of middle-ear disease and their
      effects on efficiency.-(3) Service views on the disposal of men suffering from
      middle-ear disease.-(4) Comparison of the disability caused by middle-ear disease
      in civil and military life.-(5) Are the aural recruiting and invaliding standards
      of to-day too exacting?-(6) Aural disease in recruiting and invaliding-tables.
      (7) Advantages of rigorous standards of recruiting.-(8) Attainment of aural
      efficiency in the Services.-(9) Is any relaxation of standards ever justifiable?
      (10) Importance of civil and military co-operation.

PMID- 19986559
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PULPLESS TOOTH.
AB  - A large proportion of the population have pulpless teeth, hence the importance of
      this subject. The main principles concerned in the treatment of pulpless teeth
      are: the removal of the pulp in its entirety, the drainage of the stump of the
      severed pulp, the cleansing and drying of the root canals and the filling of the
      tooth cavity.Local anaesthesia is preferable to caustics for desensitizing the
      tooth pulp prior to its removal. Antiseptics used in a dry condition are
      preferable to those used in a moist condition for root canal treatment.Nothing is
      gained by filling the root canals, if the peri-apical tissues have scarred there
      is no further discharge into these canals; and if they have not scarred the
      filling of the root canals will only obstruct drainage. If the discharge from the
      canals is copious, the tooth cavity should be left open to the mouth except for
      the insertion of a loosely placed dressing.Untreated pulpless teeth are more
      liable to give rise to "open" sepsis; treated pulpless teeth to "closed"
      sepsis.The crux of the question as to whether pulpless teeth should be retained
      or extracted is one of evaluating their advantages and disadvantages.A tooth
      deprived of its pulp owing to infective changes gives rise to subjective and
      objective symptoms and signs.A tooth deprived of its pulp owing to physiological
      changes gives rise to no apparent ill effects.

PMID- 19986561
TI  - Case of Congenital Dislocation of Patella.

PMID- 19986560
TI  - Lysozyme: An Antibacterial Body present in Great Concentration in Tears, and its
      Relation to Infection of the Human Eye.

PMID- 19986562
TI  - A Case of Dislocation of the Shoulder.

PMID- 19986563
TI  - Perforation of the Uterus Associated with a Tubal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19986564
TI  - A Case of Ovarian Pregnancy.

PMID- 19986565
TI  - Ectopic Pregnancy, Interstitial or Tubal.

PMID- 19986567
TI  - Report of a Sub-Committee Appointed by the Council of the Section of Obstetrics
      and Gynaecology to Prepare a Scheme for the Unification of the Clinical Reports
      of Maternity Hospitals.

PMID- 19986566
TI  - A Case of Myelocytic Leukemia and Pregnancy.

PMID- 19986569
TI  - Skiagrams and Lantern Slides illustrating Removal of Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19986568
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM AND COLON.

PMID- 19986570
TI  - A Case of Laryngeal Obstruction.

PMID- 19986572
TI  - Some Varieties of Skin Flaps in Connexion with Cases of Total and Hemi
      Laryngectomies.

PMID- 19986571
TI  - Case of Tuberculosis of the Ventricle of the Larynx, treated by Partial Excision
      of the Ventricular Band.

PMID- 19986573
TI  - Bronchiectasis in Children: The "Pseudo-robust" Appearance in Cases associated
      with Nasal Accessory Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19986574
TI  - Fixation of Left Vocal Cord as the Result of Acute Rheumatism.

PMID- 19986575
TI  - Bilateral, Chronic Suppuration of the Frontal Sinuses with Subperiosteal Abscess
      over the Right Sinus. Cured by External Operation.

PMID- 19986576
TI  - Chronic Right Frontal Sinus Empyema with very Severe Headaches cured by External
      Operation after Failure by Intranasal Method of Drainage.

PMID- 19986578
TI  - Intradermic Tuberculin Testing in Cattle.

PMID- 19986577
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen of Portion of OEsophageal Wall from Case shown November 4,
      1927. ("Achalasia of Cardia after treatment by Hurst's Mercury Tubes").

PMID- 19986579
TI  - The Transference of Immunity from Ewe to Lamb.

PMID- 19986580
TI  - A Further Contribution to the Subject of Aplastic Anaemia.
AB  - In the description of the condition of benign aplastic anaemia in pigs, attention
      is directed, among other things, to changes in the bone-marrow which seem of
      fundamental importance in understanding normal erythrogenesis.It is possible that
      an indirect van den Bergh reaction can be converted into an immediate direct by
      controlling the H-ion concentration suitably, either with buffer solutions or
      with less dissociable acids, such as acetic, used in preparing the van den Bergh
      reagent. The question of the interpretation of direct and indirect reactions,
      therefore, would seem to be reopened.Following Minot and Murphy's work, a pig
      with aplastic anaemia was fed with liver. The lesions in the liver, considered
      with the marked improvement in the blood which followed on liver feeding in this
      case, lead one to regard the condition as one of blood and marrow inefficiency
      due primarily to hepatic insufficiency.A comparison of pernicious anaemia with
      the benign aplastic anaemia of pigs seems to indicate that in pernicious anaemia
      there is more than a mere functional disturbance of the marrow. The marrow
      appears to be fundamentally and organically affected, and this appears to be the
      pathological basis of the disease-a point which has already been discussed more
      fully elsewhere [14]. A parallel may be drawn between the varieties of aplastic
      anaemia, such as already exists for ordinary anaemias. We have, thus, the
      secondary or benign anaemias on the one hand; and, on the other, the primary or
      malignant anaemias, such as pernicious anaemia. Correspondingly, we have such
      benign or secondary aplastic anaemias as that described in the pigs; and
      malignant or primary aplastic anaemias such as those in benzol poisoning, etc.
      That aplasia should be so marked a feature in iron deficiency, as compared with
      other secondary anaemias, is probably due to the persisting nature of the cause.

PMID- 19986581
TI  - Some Observations on Naso-pharyngeal Epidemics in Public Schools.
AB  - Over 80 per cent. of school sickness, whether judged by the number of cases or by
      the time lost, is transmitted by "droplet" infection.The alleged increase in
      sickness in public schools is partly apparent, due to increased attention to
      minor febricula and partly real, due (1) to increased influenza prevalence, the
      aftermath of the great epidemic of 1918, and (2) to the increased demand for
      public school education leading to pressure upon accommodation, and especially to
      overcrowding in dormitories.The bulk of the droplet infections are accounted for
      by (1) influenza; (2) feverish cold, chill, or P.U.O.; (3) tonsillitis; regular
      infectious diseases make a comparatively small showing. The incidence and
      bacteriological findings and the variations in the incidence of pneumonia and
      otitis media are discussed. Are these complications really secondary epidemics?
      Tonsillitis, bacteriological findings, milk.Prophylaxis.-Efficacy of vaccines
      uncertain. Some evidence that they may diminish the onset of complications. If
      given vaccines should be administered before the danger period, i.e., not later
      than November.Intensive prophylaxia other than vaccines during the first half of
      the Lent term would probably amply repay any trouble. It should include:-(a)
      Special efforts to prevent boys returning to school after the Christmas holidays
      infected with influenza or febricula.(b) Temperature taking for three weeks.(c)
      Immediate isolation of all pyrexias and catarrhs.(d) No work before breakfast for
      at least the first six weeks of the term.(e) All hot baths and showers taken
      during the day or after games to be followed by cold showers.(f) Prevention of
      chill in watching games, etc.(g) Increased provision for drying clothes, uniforms
      and boots.Infection mainly takes place in sleeping quarters, and proper spacing
      out of beds and thorough "cross" ventilation in dormitories is of paramount
      importance; instances of cross infection due to proximity of beds; illustrated by
      bed charts and bacteriological findings; standards of wall space, floor space and
      cubic space, laid down by the Royal Commission, Board of Education.No school
      authority has done its duty to its pupils unless it has provided dormitory
      accommodation allowing at least 3 ft. of clear space between the edges of beds,
      and thorough and through ventilation. Until these essential wants are met, the
      provision of properly sited, amply spaced and "cross" ventilated dormitories
      should take precedence of all other building requirements.Milk should be
      pasteurized.

PMID- 19986583
TI  - Dentistry as One of the Fine Arts.

PMID- 19986582
TI  - The Pathology and Treatment of Traumatic (Wound) Shock.
AB  - I.-Shock may be defined as "The clinical condition which follows an injury
      producing depressed vitality, associated with lowered blood-pressure, deficient
      circulating fluid, diminished intracellular oxygenation and reduced body
      temperature." Such a condition results from the presence of one or more of the
      following four factors, acting either singly or in combination: (1) Pain, (2)
      haemorrhage, (3) cold, (4) toxaemia, either of bacterial, tissue, or other
      origin.II.-Secondary traumatic shock is the common type and only becomes
      established slowly.III.-Prevention is successful in many cases, even under front
      line conditions and in war surgery.IV.-Treatment of an established case: (1)
      Application of warmth and mental rest. (2) Relief of pain, (3) restoration of
      deficient circulation, giving fluids by mouth, rectally, or by 10 per cent.
      glucose saline solution intravenously (1 litre in two hours). (4) Increase of
      deficient intracellular oxygenation by insulin hypodermically (5 units at
      beginning and end of glucose injection). (5) If operation is needed, by choosing
      a local or gas and oxygen anaesthesia.

PMID- 19986584
TI  - Case of Necrosis of the Mandible.

PMID- 19986585
TI  - A Case of Necrosis of the Mandible and Exfoliation of the Condyle and Coronoid
      Process following Suppuration in the Region of the Third Mandibular Molar.

PMID- 19986586
TI  - Injection of Alcohol for Neuralgia: and its Sequel.

PMID- 19986588
TI  - A Description of Some Specimens Illustrating the Pathology of the Teeth of
      Elephants.

PMID- 19986587
TI  - A Paste for Obtunding Sensitive Dentine.

PMID- 19986589
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF URETHRAL STRICTURE AND FISTULAE BY EXCISION.
AB  - For hard tunnel strictures and in cases of perineal fistula we should be bolder
      to adopt the principle of excision rather than that of mere external
      urethrotomy.A preliminary suprapubic cystotomy is advised, and also the
      avoidance, as far as possible, of the indwelling catheter. All fistulae should be
      excised completely, not merely opened, scraped and drained.The operator should
      not be in too great a hurry to pass sounds of too large a calibre after the
      operation, as in many cases there is little tendency to re-formation of the
      stricture.

PMID- 19986590
TI  - Observations on the Radium Treatment of Vesical Carcinoma.
AB  - A review of the position of radium-therapy in 1913 and of the knowledge of this
      subject acquired by the year 1914.-The discoveries of the relationship of the
      fibroblast to the control of cancer.-In elaborating the technique for vesical
      carcinoma, a comparison of the methods of approaching the tumour must be
      carefully studied, sepsis controlled and the difficulty of determining the
      sensitiveness of the individual's cell realized.-Possible damage to the ureter
      and the iliac vessels and other complications of radium applications must also be
      considered.-It is possible that chemical substances which give off secondary
      radiations may prove of great assistance in association with radium treatment.-A
      record is given of twelve cases which have been treated since 1925.

PMID- 19986592
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIATHERMY IN RELATION TO CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES, ESPECIALLY HIGH
      BLOOD-PRESSURE.

PMID- 19986591
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NEUROSES IN THE TROPICS.

PMID- 19986593
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Recent Fractures.

PMID- 19986594
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LATE ETHER CONVULSIONS.

PMID- 19986595
TI  - Morphoea with Root Distribution.

PMID- 19986596
TI  - Case of Streptothrix Infection (previously shown).

PMID- 19986598
TI  - Parakeratosis Variegata or Parapsoriasis Lichenoide (Brocq).

PMID- 19986597
TI  - (I) Leuconychia with Dysidrosis; (II) Leuconychia.

PMID- 19986599
TI  - Erythematoid Benign Epithelioma.

PMID- 19986600
TI  - Papulo-vesicular Eruption with Secondary Streptothrix Invasion.

PMID- 19986601
TI  - Lupus Annularis.

PMID- 19986602
TI  - Case of Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris associated with Ring-like
      Constriction of the Fingers.

PMID- 19986603
TI  - President's Address: The Clinical Aspect of Congenital Mesenteric Malformation in
      Children.
AB  - (1) Congenital malformations of the mesentery are a definite morbid entity of a
      chronic type which may be recognized, before operation, by careful clinical
      investigation. (2) The symptom-complexes to which they give rise cannot be
      explained by reference to any of the well-known abdominal surgical diseases;
      still less by any purely functional disability which may be included under the
      term "indigestion." (3) The most important physical sign is the "emptiness" of
      the right iliac fossa, associated sometimes with an asymmetrical enlargement of
      the abdomen on the left side. These signs follow of necessity, inasmuch as the
      whole segment of the embryonic mid-gut is involved in a failure of rotation and
      fixation after reduction from the umbilical sac. (4) Radiological investigation
      should prove to be more helpful in confirming the clinical diagnosis when the
      special method of examination already described is used as a routine. (5)
      Operative treatment may cure the patient; alternatively it may reveal a
      pathological condition for which a rational course of treatment may be drawn up
      subsequently, when the precise details of the malformation have been discovered.

PMID- 19986605
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa Hereditaria, with Three Illustrative Cases.

PMID- 19986604
TI  - Bilateral Hernia Diaphragmatica.

PMID- 19986607
TI  - A Case of Dysmenorrhoea due to Calcification of the Ovary.

PMID- 19986606
TI  - Congenital Anaemia with Jaundice.

PMID- 19986608
TI  - Abdominal Carcinoma with Vulvo-Vaginal Metastases.

PMID- 19986609
TI  - Standard of Results in the Treatment of Eclampsia. An Experiment in the Treatment
      of Eclampsia by Telephone Consultation.

PMID- 19986610
TI  - The Histopathology of Mastoiditis.
AB  - Mastoiditis, a broad term, with no strict anatomical basis, includes not only an
      inflammation of the pneumatic cells in the mastoid bone proper, but also all
      extensions into neighbouring bones (zygoma, occipitalis, etc.).Thus the
      anatomical distribution of the pneumatic cells plays an important part in the
      course of the disease. This point is illustrated by Brock's case, in which a
      fatal meningitis ensued from a pneumatic cell in the wall of the internal
      auditory meatus. According to this author's investigations on pneumatized
      temporal bones of all ages, 11 per cent. had such an extension normally to this
      site. Even if diagnosed, the impossibility of opening up such a cell is
      evident.In the present paper the various stages of acute mastoiditis are
      described and illustrated:-The initial change in the directly infected zone is a
      local rise of blood-pressure, causing dilatation of the vessels in the Haversian
      systems and hyperaemia of the muco-endosteum. In the Haversian systems the rigid
      bony walls allow of no physiological expansion, and so, as early as the third
      day, osteoclasts are found actively eroding the bony walls. Meanwhile the vessels
      in the muco-endosteum endeavour to lessen their congestion by transuding fluid
      into the supporting endosteum, which consequently becomes swollen and
      oedematous.The next stage is characterized by a more advanced degree of
      osteoclasis in the Haversian systems. The muco-endosteum is infiltrated by round
      mononucleated cells, the change being most marked under the epithelium; the
      infiltrating cells push forward the epithelium and escape into the cell lumen
      through the rents.At the same time softening or halisteresis occurs in the bone
      and a few perforating vessels are seen.In influenzal, but not in other types,
      haemorrhages into the muco-endosteum occur.The third stage is the period of
      active rarefaction of the bony wall of the pneumatic space by osteoclasts and
      perforating vessels. This takes place because of the new pressure conditions; in
      the former stages there has been no real increase of pressure in the cell space,
      but at this stage the epithelium has largely disappeared, and the pneumatic cell
      has become a cavity lined by granulations and full of unorganized exudate
      centrally.The next change consists in the regeneration of the destroyed tissue by
      new bone formation. For this a reduction of the existing pressure is required,
      and may be explained by an equilibrium of pressure in the vascular system-a
      response by the organism to new conditions. The extra space obtained by the
      destruction of bone is also a factor.The whole inflammatory condition is subject
      to phase-change, which can turn it from one of exudation, accompanied by increase
      of intravascular pressure, into a more proliferative one (Krainz). The latter
      phase is introduced by a transudation of oedema and tissue fluid back into the
      veins (Korner). This process is essential for the decrease of the local pressure,
      since the only outflow of the tissue fluid from the bones is by the veins
      (Recklinghausen). Thus is explained the occurrence of the proliferative process
      in those cases in which no eruption through the covering occurs.In the
      regenerative stage the remnants of epithelium subserve the function of preserving
      portions of the original pneumatic cell lumen.It thus becomes apparent, first,
      that a certain number of the pneumatic cells must be converted into spongy spaces
      and, secondly, that the process will be most pronounced in a very cellular
      mastoid, because such a mastoid contains outlying cells in which pus stagnates
      and in which organization will eventually take place. There is a distinct
      potentiality for the mastoid process to become converted into spongy bone.
      Granulations grow from one cell to another, from the actively diseased zone to
      the less diseased parts, until they are held up by a growth of epithelium barring
      their further progress. When it is remembered how quickly the "proud flesh" of
      some mastoid wounds sometimes grows, despite bluestone applications or
      instrumental removal, it will be readily realised how a similar condition inside
      the mastoid will eventually result in the bone being converted into the spongy
      type. It is not maintained that this change is a common occurrence; it may be
      exceedingly rare but such a possibility must be stressed.What is removed at
      operation depends upon the time at which the operation is carried out. If this
      should be late, new-formed bone, organized tissue and diseased tissue are taken
      away, and macroscopally no differentiation can be made between them; hence a
      complete clearance is necessary.The infecting micro-organism has some effect on
      the course of the disease, the most dangerous being Streptococcus
      haemolyticus.The disease is not influenced directly by age, provided that the
      patient is healthy, but its course is dependent on the acuteness and severity of
      the infection.Briefly, then, the first stage of the disease consists in a
      destructive process beginning in the Haversian canals, and then involving the
      pneumatic cells. The disease extends from the interior to the exterior, and the
      same order of progress is observed in the subsequent regenerative processes.

PMID- 19986612
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Lateral Sinus Thrombosis and Cerebellar
      Abscess.

PMID- 19986611
TI  - A Case of Spherical Bulging of the Floor of the Third Ventricle, Secondary to
      Internal Hydrocephalus and Simulating a Pituitary Tumour.

PMID- 19986613
TI  - Several Aural Vertigo Treated by Superior and Inferior Vestibulotomy.

PMID- 19986614
TI  - The Use of Temporal Muscle Grafts in the Radical Mastoid Operation (with
      Illustrative Cases).

PMID- 19986615
TI  - Annular Sarcoid.

PMID- 19986616
TI  - Dermatitis Vegetans.

PMID- 19986617
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19986618
TI  - Ear Condition in a Case of Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19986619
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986620
TI  - (?) Morphoea or Tuberculosis Cutis.

PMID- 19986621
TI  - The Role of the Kidney in Non-renal Disorders.

PMID- 19986622
TI  - Achalasia and Degeneration of Auerbach's Plexus.

PMID- 19986623
TI  - Dysphagia due to Pharyngeal Paralysis.

PMID- 19986624
TI  - Methods of Estimating the Liability to Post-operative Haemorrhage from Unsutured
      Wounds.

PMID- 19986625
TI  - The Pharyngeal Pouch of the Pig.

PMID- 19986626
TI  - Silent Tracheotomy: Its Significance.

PMID- 19986627
TI  - Familial Infection of Chronic Sinusitis: its Clinical Import.

PMID- 19986628
TI  - Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx operated through a Laryngo-fissure (Lantern
      Demonstration of Immediate and Lasting Results in Seventy Cases).

PMID- 19986629
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis: Further Report of Case previously shown.

PMID- 19986630
TI  - Osteoma of the Orbit and Maxilla.

PMID- 19986631
TI  - Hyperostosis Cranii.

PMID- 19986632
TI  - Hyperostosis of the Maxilla.

PMID- 19986633
TI  - Lymphangioma of Larynx. (Tumour and Section shown).

PMID- 19986634
TI  - Anti-Mouth-breathing Mask.

PMID- 19986635
TI  - Tumour Growing from the Lower Part of the Left Tonsil and Base of the Tongued.

PMID- 19986636
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986638
TI  - A Very Small Frontal Sinus associated with Severe Headaches. No Suppuration
      Present.

PMID- 19986639
TI  - Removal of Orange Pip from the Bronchus.

PMID- 19986640
TI  - Reconstruction of the Upper End of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19986641
TI  - Carcinoma of Right Ethmoid.

PMID- 19986642
TI  - Spindle-celled Sarcoma of Septum Nasi.

PMID- 19986643
TI  - Extrinsic Carcinoma of Larynx treated with Diathermy and X-rays.

PMID- 19986644
TI  - Tumour of Palate of Life-long Duration.

PMID- 19986645
TI  - Hemiplegia of the Palate.

PMID- 19986646
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986647
TI  - Case of Retinitis Proliferans without History.

PMID- 19986648
TI  - Right and Left Irido-Cyclitis.

PMID- 19986650
TI  - Arborescent Cataract.

PMID- 19986649
TI  - Neuro-fibromatosis or Plexiform Neuroma.

PMID- 19986651
TI  - A Propos de la Colectomie pour Cancer.

PMID- 19986652
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF VARICOSE ULCERS BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS.

PMID- 19986654
TI  - Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19986653
TI  - Galen's View of the Vascular System in Relation to that of Harvey.

PMID- 19986655
TI  - Congenital Malformation of Pelvis and Lower Extremities.

PMID- 19986656
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of Left Humerus showing Spontaneous Cure.

PMID- 19986657
TI  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19986659
TI  - Tumour of Face.

PMID- 19986658
TI  - Intense Ascites. ? Hepatic Syphilis.

PMID- 19986660
TI  - Involuntary Movements of Arm. ? Psychoneurosis.

PMID- 19986662
TI  - Hypertelorism.

PMID- 19986661
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Fibrocystic Disease of Femur.

PMID- 19986664
TI  - Coeliac Rickets.

PMID- 19986663
TI  - Myositis Ossificans Progressiva.

PMID- 19986665
TI  - Infantilism and Hypertrichosis.

PMID- 19986666
TI  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19986668
TI  - Ruptured Kidney.

PMID- 19986667
TI  - Carotid Body Tumour.

PMID- 19986669
TI  - Carotid Body Tumour.

PMID- 19986670
TI  - Branchial Cysts.

PMID- 19986671
TI  - Two Brain Tumours.

PMID- 19986672
TI  - Ruptured Ovarian Pregnancy.

PMID- 19986673
TI  - Invasion of Bone by Periosteal Sarcoma.

PMID- 19986674
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Spontaneous Fractures.

PMID- 19986676
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF "HARE-LIP.".

PMID- 19986675
TI  - Some Cystic Appearances in Bone.

PMID- 19986677
TI  - Specimen of Papillo-Carcinoma of Ureter from a Male, aged 58.

PMID- 19986678
TI  - Specimen: Fibrinous Body found in the Perivesical Tissue.

PMID- 19986679
TI  - Three Cases of Papilloma of the Ureter: Ureterectomy subsequent to Nephrectomy
      for Papilloma of the Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19986680
TI  - Teratoma of Kidney.

PMID- 19986681
TI  - The Pathology of Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19986682
TI  - A Working Hypothesis for Research in Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19986683
TI  - The Use of Temporal Muscle Grafts in Mastoid Operations.

PMID- 19986684
TI  - Fat Grafting in Mastoid Surgery.

PMID- 19986685
TI  - Vasomotor Affections of the Internal Ear.

PMID- 19986687
TI  - Case of Sudden Bilateral Destruction of Cochlear and Vestibular Senses of Non
      Specific Origin.

PMID- 19986686
TI  - The Influenzal Ear.

PMID- 19986688
TI  - Case of Double Acute Mastoiditis the Post-Operative Symptoms of which Simulated
      Lateral Sinus Thrombosis.

PMID- 19986689
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19986690
TI  - The Otometer. An Instrument designed to Measure Accurately Range and Sensitivity
      of Hearing.

PMID- 19986692
TI  - Case of Vertigo on Suction in a Patient with Adhesive Processes in the Middle
      Ear, following Scarlet Fever: Presumably Malleo-Incudal Ankylosis.

PMID- 19986691
TI  - Case of Perforation occupying almost the whole of the Tympanic Membrane, closed
      by repeated application of Trichloracetic Acid. Cicatricial Membrane still
      Complete after Ten Years.

PMID- 19986693
TI  - Case of Vertigo on Suction in a Patient with absence of the Stapes. (Previously
      shown November 17, 1911).

PMID- 19986695
TI  - Anaemia of Obscure Origin.

PMID- 19986694
TI  - Skiagrams of the Petrous Bone used in Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986696
TI  - Acromegaly with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

PMID- 19986697
TI  - President's Address: Some Considerations on Head Injuries.

PMID- 19986698
TI  - President's Address: Some Recent Changes in the Incidence of Ophthalmic Diseases.

PMID- 19986699
TI  - Traumatic Cyst of Face.

PMID- 19986701
TI  - Subluxation of Lens and Persistent Posterior Vascular Sheath of Lens in an Infant
      aged 2 months.

PMID- 19986700
TI  - A Large Implantation Cyst of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19986702
TI  - Late Result after Mustard-gas Burn of the Eyes.

PMID- 19986703
TI  - Old Detachment of Retina in a Woman aged 66.

PMID- 19986705
TI  - Diaphysial Aclasis.

PMID- 19986704
TI  - President's Address: Cardiac Stimulants.
AB  - An attempt is made to systematize our knowledge of certain drugs which are
      supposed to exercise a direct or indirect stimulating action on the heart. The
      actions on the circulation of strychnine, alcohol, camphor, adrenaline and
      pituitrin, which have been taken as representative examples, are briefly
      reviewed, with the object of separating out points in their actions in regard to
      which clinicians and pharmacologists are in general agreement, and of suggesting
      explanations for some of the dissensions that remain. The suggestion is made that
      much of the prevailing confusion in regard to the actions and uses of such drugs
      is due to the fact that we have as yet no sufficiently accurate classification
      either of "cardiac stimulants" or of "cardiac failures," wherefore it is
      difficult to bring a disorder and its remedy into proper alignment.

PMID- 19986707
TI  - Surgery of the Prostate Gland with Report of Operative Results.

PMID- 19986706
TI  - Single Exostosis.

PMID- 19986708
TI  - Myelogenous Leukaemia.

PMID- 19986710
TI  - Bilateral Pseudocoxalgia.

PMID- 19986709
TI  - President's Address: The Old and the New of Veterinary Science and Practice.
AB  - The paper recalls how matters veterinary were regarded forty-six years ago, what
      has been achieved since, and future progress is reflected.THE PAPER IS DIVIDED
      INTO PARTS RELATING RESPECTIVELY TO: (a) medicine; (b) surgery (c) teaching and
      research; (d) administration.Formerly, glanders and farcy, and rabies, though
      acknowledged as contagious and specific, were also believed to be of spontaneous
      origin. Experiences with regard to these two diseases, and the mallein test for
      glanders, are related. The discovery of the Bacillus anthracis led to the
      development of veterinary research, but for some time confusion existed.
      Tuberculosis was believed to be endogenous and the result of the absorption of
      caseous products of a previous inflammation. Treatment of "milk fever" in cows by
      udder inflation and biochemistry in relation to that disease are considered.The
      advance in veterinary surgery stands out most prominently; in canine practice,
      operations are now attempted which were never thought possible in the early days.
      Allusion is made to the recent formidable operations for the cure of
      "windsucking" in horses, and for traumatic pericarditis in bovines. The powers of
      observance of the old practitioners in diagnosing lameness, and some of the old
      methods of treatment for lameness, are supported.The great progress in veterinary
      research is referred to, also its advantages from an imperial point of view. The
      causative agents of those diseases which are at present ultravisible,
      particularly foot-and-mouth disease, will probably be found, and better methods
      of prevention result.In training, thorough instruction in animal physiology,
      animal nutrition and biochemistry is advocated, also affiliation of veterinary
      colleges to universities, the individuality of such colleges, and the one-portal
      system of qualification being maintained.

PMID- 19986711
TI  - President's Address: The Transition from Live to Dead: the Nature of Filtrable
      Viruses.

PMID- 19986712
TI  - Meningioma of the Sensory Cortex: Removal.

PMID- 19986713
TI  - A Case of Goundou.

PMID- 19986714
TI  - Stenosis (Co-arctation) of the Aortic Isthmus with Subcutaneous Pulsating
      Arteries on the Back.

PMID- 19986715
TI  - President's Address: The Desirability of the Establishment of a Rationalized
      Standard for the Prevention of Dental Disease in Children.

PMID- 19986716
TI  - The Radiographic Appearance of Chronic General Periodontitis.

PMID- 19986717
TI  - The Beginnings of the Literary Renaissance of Surgery in England.

PMID- 19986718
TI  - Case for Diagnosis: ? Gummatous Osteitis of the Humerus.

PMID- 19986719
TI  - Severe Malaria among British Troops in the East African Campaign.
AB  - (1) A study of the East African Campaign shows how helpless we are on field
      service as regards prevention of malaria in a malarious country. (2) Not only
      prophylaxis but also the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease are
      modified by the conditions of field service. (3) The accounts given of the
      disease in its different aspects do not represent any scientific advance but are
      included merely to illustrate the points considered under (1) and (2) and to show
      the responsible and difficult nature of the work that medical officers on field
      service may be called upon to do.

PMID- 19986720
TI  - President's Address: A National Outlook on Tropical Medicine.

PMID- 19986721
TI  - Some Practical Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic
      Dysentery.

PMID- 19986723
TI  - Tumour of Right Side of Neck (?) Teratoma.

PMID- 19986722
TI  - Dyspepsia in Childhood.
AB  - (1) A dyspeptic child rarely, and a baby never, complains of indigestion. It is
      only from the age of ten years that subjective symptoms sometimes exist. It
      follows, therefore, that dyspepsia in childhood is often hidden, and has to be
      searched for in order to be diagnosed.-(2) Dyspepsia in children often takes a
      misleading form, as it produces a general weakness and wasting, often slight
      fever, and even coughing. It is therefore frequently confused with tuberculosis.
      (3) Dyspepsia in children is a functional complaint, and its cure is therefore
      almost invariably easy and often rapid.-(4) The different digestive actions
      depending upon one another, it is usually the first which causes dyspepsia in
      children. In other words, such dyspepsia originates in the stomach.-(5) In more
      than three-fourths of the cases this gastric trouble consists of a
      hyperchloracidity. (6) Treatment is as follows: An approved diet, chiefly
      consisting of milk and farinaceous foods, a two-hours' rest after meals, and the
      administration of alkalies. A quick progress towards a complete cure is observed,
      and, in particular, an increase in weight is very rapid. Statistics drawn up from
      200 cases show this, and also that such hyperchloracidity can reach high figures
      even in very young children.

PMID- 19986724
TI  - Congenital Short-neck.

PMID- 19986726
TI  - Unilateral Lesion of Cerebellum (? Tuberculoma): Recovery.

PMID- 19986725
TI  - Muscular Hypotonia with Hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 19986727
TI  - Specimen: Erosion of Internal Jugular Vein in Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19986728
TI  - Anaemia and Jaundice in a Newborn Child.

PMID- 19986729
TI  - Pseudo-hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19986730
TI  - Naevus and Left-sided Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19986731
TI  - Naevus and Hemiplegia. Shown for Comparison with previous Case.

PMID- 19986732
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Congenital Deficiency in Abdominal Muscles.

PMID- 19986734
TI  - Meningo-Encephalitis.

PMID- 19986733
TI  - Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19986735
TI  - Two Cases of Fibrocystic Disease of Bone.

PMID- 19986736
TI  - Late Result in Case of Suppurative Arthritis of the Knee, Treated by Transverse
      Subpatellar Incision and Secondary Suture.

PMID- 19986737
TI  - Large Hairy Mole of Face to Illustrate a New Method in the After-Treatment of
      Skin Grafts in Children.

PMID- 19986738
TI  - Empyema of Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19986740
TI  - Acromegaly in a Woman.

PMID- 19986739
TI  - Swollen Knee: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986741
TI  - Congenital Deformity of the Spine.

PMID- 19986742
TI  - Congenital Polycystic Kidneys in an Adult with Arterial Hypertension and Angina
      Pectoris.

PMID- 19986743
TI  - Aplastic Anaemia.

PMID- 19986744
TI  - Syphilitic Disease of the Radius.

PMID- 19986745
TI  - A Case of Fatty Atrophy following Insulin Injections.

PMID- 19986746
TI  - Laryngofissure for Epithelioma. Case shown Six Years after Operation.

PMID- 19986747
TI  - Complete Occlusion of Posterior Choanae.

PMID- 19986748
TI  - Frontal Pain, with Absence of the Frontal sinus. Operation. Cure.

PMID- 19986749
TI  - Chronic Dacryocystitis treated by Mosher's External Operation.

PMID- 19986750
TI  - Lymphosarcoma of Tonsils.

PMID- 19986751
TI  - Chronic Subglottic Laryngitis in a Child.

PMID- 19986753
TI  - Cystic Tumour of Pharynx.

PMID- 19986752
TI  - Tumour of Base of Tongue.

PMID- 19986754
TI  - Sections of Tonsils, one of which formed a Large Tumour filling the Pharynx.

PMID- 19986755
TI  - Tumour of Carotid Body.

PMID- 19986756
TI  - Membrane on Palate, Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19986757
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HYPOCHONDRIA.

PMID- 19986758
TI  - Genito-Urinary Fistula in the Female: with an Appreciation of Sims and his Work.

PMID- 19986759
TI  - Case of Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19986760
TI  - Specimen of Pregnancy in a Completely Detached Left Horn of a Uterus Bicornis
      Unicollis.

PMID- 19986761
TI  - President's Address: A Survey of Some Conditions conducive to Mental Disturbance,
      with Suggestions as to their Treatment.
AB  - Conditions which experience has proved conducive to mental disturbance
      considered.-Suggestions as to their treatment.-A weakened inhibition, rather than
      any positive condition, is probably the most important factor in the production
      of the exhaustion psycho-neuroses or psychoses. This view is supported by the
      prophylactic value of giving for prolonged periods small doses of bromide to
      hypersensitive children or to highly-strung persons exposed to stress or tropical
      climate, etc.-Pavlov's work on the conditioned reflexes in dogs quoted in support
      of the author's clinical experience: Pavlov states that bromides should not be
      regarded as sedatives, diminishing the excitability of the central nervous
      system, but as simply regulating the nervous system by strengthening the
      intensity of internal inhibition. This agrees with the author's clinical
      experience, as small doses of bromide taken regularly over a period of many years
      do not diminish the mental powers but in fact increase them. Question of
      sleeplessness considered with regard to the way in which sedatives act. Most of
      these do not act as so-called "sleeping draughts"; research may ultimately show
      that their action is to strengthen a weakened inhibition and that sleep is only a
      secondary benefit.-Value of sedatives before and after surgical operation.
      Importance of toxaemia in the production of mental disorder; insomnia often
      precedes a toxic process and permits it to become active. The theory of weakened
      inhibition explains many problems; e.g., why certain brilliant children or adults
      break down and why at first there is no interference with their normal mental
      activity which only becomes involved as sleep and other bodily functions become
      affected; why a toxaemia may affect the nervous system of certain people; why a
      breakdown may follow over-stimulation or occur with advancing years; why some
      persons relapse when certain treatment is discontinued; why treatment should at
      times be continuous, and why patients may remain in good health and full mental
      activity for many years under treatment. Research made from this standpoint may
      be of much value in the prevention and treatment of functional nervous disorder.

PMID- 19986762
TI  - Movable Kidney.

PMID- 19986763
TI  - Routes of Absorption in Hydronephrosis: Experimentation with Dyes in the Totally
      Obstructed Ureter.
AB  - In hydronephrosis the contents of the renal pelvis are constantly being changed.
      The exact mode of the interchange is still obscure. With the hope of obtaining
      some evidence of this absorption, a series of experiments has been carried out,
      introducing dyes at various periods in total hydronephrosis.The findings of
      previous experimental work on the subject are conflicting. Two views are held;
      one, that absorption occurs solely through the tubular system, and the other,
      that there is a direct outflow from the renal pelvis into the venous system.In
      the present work only such an amount of dye was introduced in each instance as to
      be well within the pelvic capacity of the type of kidney (rabbit). The factor of
      positive pressure forcing the dye into abnormal channels was thus reduced to a
      minimum.Two groups of experiments were undertaken. In Group I, the dye was
      introduced at the outset of the hydronephrosis, and in Group II the dye was
      introduced at varying periods in the course of an established hydronephrosis.The
      results obtained would indicate that in total hydronephrosis there are two routes
      of absorption from the renal pelvis, i.e., lymphatic and tubular. At the outset
      of complete ureteral obstruction there ensues for the first two or three days an
      active lymphatic absorption from the walls of the renal pelvis and ureter. After
      about the third day, tubular absorption commences and continues more actively
      than the lymphatic. If, however, dye is not introduced till the third day of a
      hydronephrosis, there is rapid tubular absorption but no lymphatic absorption.
      With longer periods of hydronephrosis the dye is drawn up the tubule system as
      far as the convoluted tubules. The further absorption of dye into the general
      system has not yet been obtained.

PMID- 19986765
TI  - Variations and Abnormalities in the Position of the Teeth in Erythrocebus, the
      Patas Monkey.

PMID- 19986764
TI  - Dead Tracts in Dentine.
AB  - (1) When the dentinal tubules are opened or sufficiently irritated, their
      contents coagulate and die.(2) Following this, the pulp lays down an impermeable
      barrier of lime salts (secondary dentine) to protect itself from contact with the
      dead tubules. Alternatively the pulp itself dies.(3) The evidence that exposed
      dentine always dies is as follows: (a) Such dentine is insensitive right through
      to the secondary dentine. (b) The injured dentine is found experimentally to be
      shut off from the pulp in such a way that fluids cannot enter it. It thus lacks
      the necessary body fluids to support life. (c) Under an injury the primary
      dentine is seen to stop abruptly at the original pulp margin, and to be sealed
      off with a homogeneous barrier of lime salts before the tubules of the secondary
      dentine start. The tubules of the secondary dentine take origin below this
      homogeneous layer in fine branches and obviously have no connexion with the
      injured primary tubules. (d) The injured tubules although walled off from the
      pulp remain permeable from the mouth and have therefore not died by slow
      calcification.

PMID- 19986766
TI  - President's Address: The Surgery of Muscle and Tendon in Relation to Infantile
      Paralysis.
AB  - (1) The most important periods in the treatment of muscles weakened as a result
      of infantile paralysis are the acute illness, and if necessary a prolonged
      convalescence. (2) Division of tendons or muscles is seldom necessary for
      correction of deformity. (3) Successful transference of muscle power to a new
      insertion, given a good surgical technique, is dependent mainly on recognition of
      the group action of muscles. (4) Tendon transplantation should always be helpful,
      but will seldom by itself produce spectacular success in the restoration of
      function in infantile paralysis.

PMID- 19986767
TI  - Urinary Infections after Excision of the Rectum: Their Cause and Prevention.

PMID- 19986768
TI  - Specimen: Leiomyoma of Rectum.

PMID- 19986769
TI  - Two Specimens of Villous Tumour of the Rectum.

PMID- 19986771
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of Ascending Colon with great Dilatation of Caecum. Removed
      by Resection of the Distal Half of the Colon after Preliminary Short Circuit.

PMID- 19986770
TI  - Specimen of Vesico-Colic Fistula.

PMID- 19986772
TI  - Endotracheal Anaesthesia.
AB  - (1) With certain exceptions, endotracheal anaesthesia is the best method for
      operations on the head and neck and for any other operation in which there may be
      a difficulty in controlling the patient's air-way. (2) Expiration should be
      provided for, in endotracheal anaesthesia, either by means of a second tube or by
      a tube of calibre sufficient to permit to-and-fro respiration. (3) Cocainization
      of the upper air-passages has decided advantages in endotracheal anaesthesia. (4)
      "Blind" intubation through the nose renders the method possible in cases where it
      is impossible to use a speculum. (5) The insufflation method is not specially
      indicated in abdominal surgery. (6) The routine use of endotracheal anaesthesia
      in teaching-hospitals for every class of case is detrimental to the production of
      sound anaesthetic knowledge in students who are likely to become general
      practitioners.

PMID- 19986773
TI  - Simple Achromic Naevus, of Blotchy Distribution, on the Front of the Chest.

PMID- 19986774
TI  - Sarcomatosis Cutis.

PMID- 19986775
TI  - Four Cases of Lupus Erythematosus treated with Gold Preparations.

PMID- 19986776
TI  - Lichen Plano-pilaris.

PMID- 19986777
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19986778
TI  - Punctate Melanodermia.

PMID- 19986779
TI  - Pyodermatitis Vegetans.

PMID- 19986781
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FIBROSIS OF THE LUNG IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19986780
TI  - Individuality and Epidemic Disease.

PMID- 19986782
TI  - Unsolved Problems in Salmonella Food Poisoning.
AB  - Salmonella groups of organisms are recognized as predominant in food poisoning
      outbreaks, but knowledge of the primary source of Salmonella bacilli and of paths
      of infection to implicated food is incomplete.-Unsolved problems discussed.-Food
      animals suffering from Salmonella infection are common in Germany but
      comparatively rare in this country and in most outbreaks the original food is
      shown to have been sound.-Infection of food from a human carrier is extremely
      rare. Detailed study of individual outbreaks brings out the striking fact that
      the Salmonella strains which cause food poisoning are just those types capable of
      causing disease in both man and animals. The hypothesis which best explains
      bacterial causation of most outbreaks is that the source of infection is derived,
      in most cases, from animals suffering from Salmonella disease or acting as
      carriers of these bacilli. Many facts favour this view, including the widespread
      extent of Salmonella infections in animals associated with food. EXAMPLES: Cows
      suffering from Salmonella infections with these bacilli in the milk; the
      widespread prevalence of such infections in rats and mice; the considerable
      extent to which pigs are infected with Salmonella bacilli.-Attention is directed
      to the presence of specific agglutinins in the blood of food animals such as
      bullocks and pigs, also to the fact that while in man a carrier condition for
      food-poisoning bacilli is extremely rare and at best a transient condition in
      animals. It is a well attested phenomenon. The causes of this difference are
      worthy of further study.Not only are there numerous types within the Salmonella
      group but these types exhibit characteristic and definite differences of
      pathological behaviour. Bacillus paratyphosus B and Bacillus aertrycke furnish a
      good illustration and these two types are critically contrasted.While our present
      knowledge is imperfect, it is suggested that the types in this group fall into
      three groups, i.e., (a) Strains pathogenic to man but not to animals; (b) strains
      pathogenic to animals but harmless to man; (c) strains pathogenic both to man and
      to animals. Only the last group cause food-poisoning outbreaks and represent the
      original and less specialized types.Varying virulence of Salmonella strains and
      problems thus raised in relation to food poisoning outbreak are discussed.

PMID- 19986783
TI  - The Company of Barber Surgeons and Tallow Chandlers of Newcastle-on-Tyne.

PMID- 19986784
TI  - The Encephalomyelitis of Measles.

PMID- 19986786
TI  - The Age Incidence of Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus.

PMID- 19986785
TI  - The Pseudo-Polyneuritic Type of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

PMID- 19986787
TI  - The Prognosis and Treatment of Eclampsia and Albuminuria, with special reference
      to the Risk of Recurrence in Subsequent Pregnancies.
AB  - (1) In a series of hospital cases treated for eclampsia and albuminuria there was
      found to be a recurrence of toxaemia or non-toxaemic interruption of pregnancy
      (abortion, acccidental haemorrhage, etc.) in succeeding gestations in over 50 per
      cent.(2) There is no evidence that this tendency to recurrence is directly or
      indirectly dependent upon any persisting renal defect. Chronic nephritis is found
      in only a small proportion of cases and there is evidence that this is the result
      of the toxaemia.(3) In view of the large risk of recurrence the need for
      antenatal supervision from an early stage in the event of a subsequent pregnancy
      should be clearly explained to the patient.(4) Toxaemia in two or more
      pregnancies is an indication for the prevention of any further pregnancy.

PMID- 19986788
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Ovary.

PMID- 19986790
TI  - Blood-Staining of the Cornea.

PMID- 19986789
TI  - Persistent Connective Tissue in Fundi.

PMID- 19986791
TI  - Retinal Cyst.

PMID- 19986793
TI  - Osteitis Deformans with Central Senile Exudative Retinitis. Iritis.

PMID- 19986792
TI  - Pigmented Tumour of Eyelid.

PMID- 19986794
TI  - High Hypermetropia.

PMID- 19986795
TI  - Injury of Lens causing Alteration of Refraction.

PMID- 19986796
TI  - Some Ocular Manifestations of Focal Sepsis.

PMID- 19986797
TI  - Delinquency.

PMID- 19986798
TI  - Treatment of Pelvic Inflammations by Diathermy.
AB  - THE PAPER CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS: (1) A brief history of the manner in which the
      treatment arose and a description of the methods now used. (2) An analysis of the
      cases treated from 1921 until the present time.The treatment of pelvic
      inflammations by heating by the diathermy current arose out of the method of
      treating gonococcal infections of the cervix and urethra by this current. An
      essential part of the treatment is in many cases the treatment of the cervical
      infection.Diathermy treatment of gonococcal infection was founded upon the fact
      that the gonococcus is vulnerable to small rises of temperature above the normal.
      Before the war Dr. E. P. Cumberbatch found that recovery of gonorrhoeal arthritis
      could be procured by heating the affected joints by diathermy. During 1919 the
      method of heating the cervix and urethra by means of metal electrodes introduced
      into them to rid them of gonococcus was arrived at.The maximum temperature to
      which cervix and urethra are heated is 115 degrees F. The duration of the
      application is ten minutes and the number of repetitions is generally from three
      to eight.It was found that in cases of gonococcal arthritis it was necessary to
      treat the cervix only, recovery from the arthritis then taking place.Recovery
      from arthritis due to infection of the cervix by other organisms than gonococcus,
      was found to occur and in such cases there was recovery from cervicitis and
      erosion.When salpingitis was present in cases of gonococcal and other infections
      of the cervix, a method of producing a milder and more general heating of the
      pelvic contents was introduced. This was to some extent founded upon the known
      effects of heating the infected prostate.The temperature produced in the
      neighbourhood of the electrode is 106 degrees F. The applications last twenty
      minutes.Tables summarizing the clinical results are attached.

PMID- 19986800
TI  - Blastomycetic Mycosis.

PMID- 19986799
TI  - Keratosis Punctata.

PMID- 19986801
TI  - Unusual Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19986803
TI  - Lymphangioma Circumscriptum.

PMID- 19986802
TI  - Chronic Circinate Eruption.

PMID- 19986805
TI  - Sarcoid of the Hand resembling Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19986804
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19986806
TI  - President's Address: The Estimation of Hearing Capacity.

PMID- 19986807
TI  - A Classification of Deafness Based on the Effect of Deafness on Efficiency in
      Life.
AB  - THE DEAF CLASSIFIED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF INCAPACITY AS A RESULT OF DEAFNESS:
      (a) The true deaf-mute; developmental.-(b) The muted or semi-muted, totally deaf
      because of disease occurring shortly after birth.-(c) The speaking deaf, totally
      deaf from disease occurring after two years of age.-(d) Partially deaf, hard of
      hearing.Hearing tests useless except in (d).-Treatment useless except in
      (d).SYPHILIS: its association with congenital deafness; percentage due to this
      cause, in children.Incapacity due to deafness.-Aids to hearing.-Prevention of
      deafness.

PMID- 19986808
TI  - On Hearing Tests.
AB  - Necessity for consideration of present hearing tests.-Testing of tonal limits
      considered; present tests accepted as satisfactory. Anomalous results of
      comparison of perception of the monochord by air and bone conduction.-The Rinne,
      Schwabach, Weber and Bing tests destructively criticized.-The Gelle and galvanic
      cochlear tests; Fraser's modification of Gelle's test.-Suggestions for the
      improvement of testing.-The "absolute bone conduction" test affords an absolute
      index of the perceptive component of hearing (nerve function).-Mechanism of
      transmission of sound waves through the skull (bone "conduction").-Quantitative
      determination of hearing power; results expressed on a distance basis are to be
      preferred; use of tuning forks in obtaining such results.-The mathematics
      underlying this use of tuning forks.-Accurate quantitative estimation of nerve
      function (the perceptive component of hearing).

PMID- 19986809
TI  - Deafness with Unusual Bone Condition of the Inner Ear.

PMID- 19986811
TI  - Temporo-Sphenoidal Abscess. Hernia Cerebri. Recovery.

PMID- 19986810
TI  - Protrusion of the Meninges in the External Auditory Meatus Simulating Aural
      Polypus.

PMID- 19986812
TI  - Papilloma of External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19986813
TI  - Some Common Problems in Naval Hygiene.

PMID- 19986814
TI  - Nutritional Anaemia in Infancy: Some Observations on a Common Deficiency Disease.
AB  - The prevalence of anaemia among London infants is shown by an investigation
      extending over the last three years and comprising about 770 cases with 3,100
      haemoglobin estimations. This anaemia is largely nutritional in origin and is due
      to a deficiency of iron, possibly associated with other factors. It is known that
      an infant obtains its necessary iron not only from its milk, which is poor in
      iron, but also from a store in the liver. Our results lead us to suppose that
      this store may be unduly low in many London infants. The average haemoglobin
      percentage in the blood of fairly healthy artificially-fed London infants shows a
      sharp fall from its high level at birth to about 65 per cent. at 2 to 3 months of
      age, a rise to about 70 per cent. by 5 to 6 months, and then a steady fall
      reaching about 65 per cent. at 12 months. The continuous administration of iron,
      beginning when the infant is under 2 months old, raised the average haemoglobin
      percentage to 80 per cent. at 4 months of age and onwards. Infants whose birth
      weight is under 6 lb., twins and premature infants are specially in need of iron
      treatment. The selection of the iron salt is of importance, and iron and ammonium
      citrate proved effective. It was satisfactorily administered on a large scale by
      giving it incorporated in a dried milk.No evidence was obtained that want of
      light is an etiological factor in anaemia in infancy, and artificial light
      therapy did not cure it. No vitamin deficiency appeared to be involved. The value
      of liver treatment is still under investigation, but the results so far obtained
      can be explained on the assumption that liver treatment is efficacious only
      because it provides a source of iron. The routine administration of an iron salt
      to artificially-fed infants is advocated on the ground that, by preventing the
      anaemia from which most of them would otherwise suffer, the level of health of
      our infant population would be raised.

PMID- 19986815
TI  - Two Cases of Suprapituitary Tumour (Adamantinoma).

PMID- 19986816
TI  - Mongolism with Enlarged Liver and Jaundice.

PMID- 19986817
TI  - Hemiplegia Noticed after Diphtheria.

PMID- 19986818
TI  - Unilateral Hypertelorism.

PMID- 19986819
TI  - Cystic Hygroma in a Mongol.

PMID- 19986820
TI  - Porencephaly with Myoclonus and Congenital Heart Lesion.

PMID- 19986822
TI  - Severe Rickets with ? Dyschondroplasia.

PMID- 19986821
TI  - Rifle Bullet in Brain for Thirteen Years.

PMID- 19986823
TI  - Severe Anaemia and Bronzing.

PMID- 19986824
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease associated with Arborization Block of the Left Branch
      Bundle.

PMID- 19986825
TI  - Central Osteomyelitis following Puerperal Sepsis, after Three and a Half Months'
      Abortion.

PMID- 19986827
TI  - Osteomyelitis causing Elongation of Tibia and Fibula.

PMID- 19986826
TI  - Chronic Osteomyelitis in a Girl, aged 5.

PMID- 19986828
TI  - A Case of Chronic Abscess in the Shaft of the Humerus.

PMID- 19986829
TI  - Congenital Deformity of the Forearm and Hand.

PMID- 19986830
TI  - Oleothorax.

PMID- 19986831
TI  - Aortic Stenosis with Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19986832
TI  - Paroxysmal Tachycardia of Forty-eight years' Duration and right Branch Bundle
      Block.

PMID- 19986833
TI  - Disseminated. Sclerosis with Multiple Carcinomata of the Skin.

PMID- 19986834
TI  - Endocrine Tumours.
AB  - The paper opens with a short historical survey of the evidence that the cells of
      tumours, including cancers, may manifest functional, secretory or other activity
      (oecology) of the same nature as that of the normal glandular or other cells from
      which they have arisen. This is followed by a short consideration of the
      classification and the acknowledged and doubtful endocrine or hormonic effects of
      primary tumours and tumour-like hyperplasias of the various endocrine glands of
      the body.

PMID- 19986835
TI  - A Note on the Association of Extensive Haemangiomatous Naevus of the Skin with
      Cerebral (Meningeal) Haemangioma, especially Cases of Facial Vascular Naevus with
      Contralateral Hemiplegia.
AB  - The main type of the cases under consideration is that in which extensive
      capillary naevus of the skin, especially of trigeminal distribution, is
      associated with contralateral spastic hemiplegia, developing in early life,
      probably sometimes connected with intracranial haemorrhage from the abnormal
      blood-vessels of a diffuse leptomeningeal angioma on the same side as the main
      vascular naevus of the face. Various points related to such cases are referred
      to.

PMID- 19986836
TI  - President's Address: Clinical Remarks on Radiation Treatment.

PMID- 19986837
TI  - Light Therapy in Mental Hospitals.
AB  - The position of actinotherapy in Mental Hospitals in this country is reviewed. An
      investigation of the results of ultra-violet irradiation in mental disorders at
      Parkside Mental Hospital is described and it is shown that certain types of the
      psychoses appear to benefit. The physiological action of actinic rays in relation
      to mental disorders is discussed and their mode of action on the nervous system
      suggested. Reference is made to substances which sensitize the body tissues to
      sunlight and ultra-violet radiation. An allusion is made to glass, penetrable by
      a portion of the actinic rays, and its uses. The need for ultra-violet ray
      apparatus in every mental hospital is urged both for treatment of mental and
      physical conditions and for the study of its action.

PMID- 19986839
TI  - The Excretion of the Constituent Ions of Sulphur Water in Faeces, Urine and
      Sweat.

PMID- 19986838
TI  - Traumatic Rupture of the Urethra.

PMID- 19986840
TI  - Benign Lymphogranulomatosis (?).

PMID- 19986842
TI  - Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19986841
TI  - Naevus Anaemicus (Ischaemicus).

PMID- 19986843
TI  - Poikilodermia Atrophicans Vasculare (Jacobi).

PMID- 19986844
TI  - Acquired Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19986845
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986847
TI  - DISCUSSION ON VACCINATION AGAINST SMALLPOX IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT EXPERIENCE.

PMID- 19986846
TI  - Lichen Obtusus Corneus.

PMID- 19986848
TI  - The Use of Ultra-Violet Rays in Diseases of the Nose and Throat.

PMID- 19986849
TI  - Hyperplastic Laryngitis and Pharyngitis; ? Myxoedema (Shown a year ago, but not
      reported.

PMID- 19986850
TI  - Carcinoma of the OEsophagus treated by Radium.

PMID- 19986851
TI  - Specimen: OEsophagus from an Elderly Man, treated by Radium for Carcinoma.

PMID- 19986852
TI  - Specimen: OEsophagus from a Middle-aged Man, showing a Congenital Opening into
      the Trachea.

PMID- 19986853
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx with Outgrowth from Ventricle.

PMID- 19986855
TI  - Tuberculous Ulcer of the Septum Nasi with Infection of Sinuses of the Affected
      Side.

PMID- 19986854
TI  - Tuberculosis of Larynx with Cyst.

PMID- 19986856
TI  - Specimen of Bilateral Abductor Paralysis.

PMID- 19986857
TI  - Congenital and Hereditary Nasal Deformity.

PMID- 19986858
TI  - Papilloma of Larynx.

PMID- 19986859
TI  - Some Notes on the Origin and Prevention of Gingivits.
AB  - Gingivitis is a disease of local origin primarily, although in many cases a
      constitutional factor is concerned.-The predispositon arises during the eurptive
      period of the second dentition.-The developmental predisposing cause of most
      importance is a crowded condition of the permanent dentition.-Of acquired
      predisposing causes, calculus deposits on the teeth are the most important.
      Others are those which either cuase stagnation around the teeth. or produce
      definite mechanical injury to the gum margin.-They can take effect at any
      age.Orthodontic treatment directed towards the arrangement of the optimum number
      of teeth in well functioning order is the ideal prophylactic.Other preventive
      measures are to employ such methods of artificial cleansing as brushing and the
      use of floss silk.-These are the adjuncts to automatic cleansing best carried out
      by efficient mastication of a suitable diet.-This is only possible when the
      arrangement of the teeth is such that stagnation of any kind of food is reduced
      to a minimum.

PMID- 19986861
TI  - Fracture of the Neck of the Femur in a Girl of 12 Years.

PMID- 19986860
TI  - A Case of Kohler's Disease Presenting Unusual Features.

PMID- 19986862
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PAINFUL SHOULDER.
AB  - Three or four definite types are separated from among the many examples of
      painful shoulder and their treatment is debated:- (1) ADHESIONS AROUND THE
      JOINT.: Characterized by limitation of movement at the shoulder-joint, through
      the outer half of its range. Curable by manipulative surgery. (2) TENDONITIS.:
      Characterized by painful movements through a small arc in the middle of the
      normal range. Curable in the hyperacute patient by operation, in the acute by
      rest in partial abduction with the assistance of time. (3) OSTEO-ARTHRITIS OF THE
      SHOULDER-JOINT.: Characterized by painful extremes of movement. Incurable but
      capable of alleviation by physiotherapy. (4) SUBACUTE ARTHRITIS OF THE SHOULDER
      JOINT.: Characterized by muscle spasm at the commencement of movement. To be
      treated by rest on an abduction splint, and the eradication of septic foci.

PMID- 19986863
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SPECIAL USES OF ANTIMONY.

PMID- 19986865
TI  - Specimens from the Case of Stenosis (Co-arctation) of the Aortic Isthmus shown on
      October 12, 1928.

PMID- 19986864
TI  - Human Adaptation to the Parasitic Environment.
AB  - Man, in contact with the pathogens in his environment, responds by developing
      immunity with or without symptomatic illness. The incidence of infectious disease
      in a community depends on the parasitic factor or "infection pressure," and the
      host factor, "herd immunity," i.e., the resistance of the community as a whole to
      the infection. Environment is only a secondary factor which alters the relative
      values of the two primary factors. Morbidity varies directly as the "infection
      pressure," and inversely as the "herd immunity." The great difficulty heretofore
      has been to separate the two factors expressing morbidity. In diphtheria, to some
      extent, this is now possible by means of the Schick test. By using clues gained
      from the study of diphtheria, and examining the age-incidence, severity, and
      fatality, of other infections under various environmental conditions, the
      hypothesis is reached that herd-immunity increases with the herd's past
      experience of the bacterial causes of most, if not all, infectious diseases. This
      immunity may be acquired latently, without illness, and, even if not always
      enough to prevent symptomatic infection, may be such that severity and fatality
      are decreased. The process is an example of the general biological mechanism by
      which the members of a species acquire adaptative variations more suitable to the
      environment. Of recent years air-borne droplet infections have caused less
      fatality and trouble to the English herd than a century ago. The manifold
      increase of the density and of the motion in the English herd must have greatly
      raised the average infection-pressure, but since severity of clinical disease has
      diminished and incidence has not increased in proportion, the herd-immunity of
      the English must have outstripped the increase of infection-pressure, i.e., the
      herd has become more closely adapted to its bacterial environment. It must not,
      however, be forgotten that adaptive fluctuations in parasitic characters must
      also play some part in all the phenomena of infectious disease.

PMID- 19986866
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous Sarcomata.

PMID- 19986867
TI  - Unilateral Erythrocyanosis Crurum Puellarum.

PMID- 19986868
TI  - Progressive Obesity in a Boy, with Attacks of Somnolence and Head-nodding.

PMID- 19986869
TI  - Eventration of the Diaphragm.

PMID- 19986870
TI  - Carcinoma in the Male Breast.

PMID- 19986871
TI  - Juvenile Tabes Dorsalis with Negative Wassermann Reaction in Blood and Cerebro
      spinal Fluid.

PMID- 19986872
TI  - Case of Coxalgia, for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986873
TI  - The Suspension Stability Test in Rheumatoid Diseases.

PMID- 19986874
TI  - Tumour of Ciliary Body.

PMID- 19986876
TI  - Argyll-Robertson Pupil due to Head Injury.

PMID- 19986875
TI  - Central Choroiditis.

PMID- 19986877
TI  - An Attempt to Classify (pathologically) the Various Fundus Pictures in Diseases
      of the Choroid.

PMID- 19986878
TI  - Juvenile Glaucoma.

PMID- 19986879
TI  - Notes on the Early History of the Veterinary Surgeon in England.

PMID- 19986880
TI  - A Mediastinal Teratoma in a Young Infant.
AB  - An infant of four months with clinical evidence of a cystic tumour in the upper
      and anterior mediastinum died at the age of nine months. At autopsy the tumour
      was found to be a teratoma. The occurrence of such tumours in children is briefly
      discussed with a full clinical and pathological description of the present case.

PMID- 19986881
TI  - Rheumatic Carditis with Complete Heart Block.

PMID- 19986882
TI  - Familial Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19986883
TI  - Post-diphtheritic Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19986884
TI  - Swelling of Left Thumb.

PMID- 19986885
TI  - Congenital Deformity of the Arm (Hemiectromelia), with total absence of Hand and
      Rudimentary Radius and Ulna.

PMID- 19986886
TI  - Still's Disease.

PMID- 19986887
TI  - Supra-renal Tumour with Metastases and Optic Neuritis.

PMID- 19986888
TI  - Amaurotic Family Idiocy.

PMID- 19986890
TI  - Two Cases of Anaemia showing the Result of Liver Treatment.

PMID- 19986889
TI  - Abnormal Dentition.

PMID- 19986891
TI  - Retinitis Pigmentosa Albescens.

PMID- 19986893
TI  - Pneumonia, Empyema, Nephritis and Pneumococcal Peritonitis, with Complete
      Recovery.

PMID- 19986892
TI  - Internal Hernia in an Infant aged Three Weeks.

PMID- 19986895
TI  - Three Cases of Compound Composite Odontomata.

PMID- 19986894
TI  - Preliminary Medication in Anaesthetics.

PMID- 19986896
TI  - Fractures of the Mandible in, and Posterior to, the Molar Region.

PMID- 19986898
TI  - Fractured Roots of Central Incisors with Live Pulps.

PMID- 19986897
TI  - The Use of Cement Linings in Cavities.

PMID- 19986899
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MENINGITIS.
AB  - (1) Meningitis: two groups of cases. (2) A method of washing out the subarachnoid
      space in cases of septic meningitis secondary to infection of the ear. (3)
      Discussion on the value of maintaining a positive pressure of the cerebrospinal
      fluid when operating on a septic region communicating with the subarachnoid
      space. (4) Leaking cerebrospinal fluid from the region of the ear: operative
      treatment.

PMID- 19986900
TI  - Lasting Artificial Perforation.

PMID- 19986901
TI  - Carcinoma of Middle Ear, apparently secondary to Carcinoma Mammae.

PMID- 19986902
TI  - Family with Blue Sclerotics, Fragilitas Ossium and Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19986904
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of Glands of Neck: Symptoms suggesting Primary Focus in Ear.

PMID- 19986903
TI  - Case which Simulated Lateral Sinus Thrombosis seven days after Operation for
      Chronic Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19986905
TI  - Some Factors Influencing Epiphyseal Growth and Union.

PMID- 19986906
TI  - A Radiographical Note on Injuries to the Distal Epiphyses of the Radius and Ulna.

PMID- 19986907
TI  - Sterilization of Surgical Drums.

PMID- 19986909
TI  - Transillumination of the Breast as an Aid to Diagnosis.

PMID- 19986908
TI  - Chronic Thyroiditis: Early and Terminal Stages.

PMID- 19986910
TI  - Partial Occlusion of the Thoracic Aorta for Abdominal Aneurysm.

PMID- 19986912
TI  - Specimen of Tumour removed from the Sensory Cortex of a male aged 48.

PMID- 19986911
TI  - Tumour of the Thoracic Spine compressing the Theca: Secondary to Small Renal
      Hypernephroma.

PMID- 19986913
TI  - Leiomyoma of Rectum.

PMID- 19986915
TI  - Specimen of Myxochondroma of the base of the Skull, causing Pressure on the
      Brain.

PMID- 19986914
TI  - Large Single Cyst of Left Kidney.

PMID- 19986916
TI  - Specimen of Cavernous Angioma of the Brain.

PMID- 19986917
TI  - Tumour, originating near the Greater Curvature of the Stomach.

PMID- 19986918
TI  - Chondroma of Pelvis.

PMID- 19986919
TI  - Ruptured Kidney.

PMID- 19986920
TI  - Tumour of the Carotid Body.

PMID- 19986921
TI  - Carotid Body Tumour.

PMID- 19986922
TI  - Three Cases of Rectal Carcinoma treated with Radium after Two-and-three-quarter
      Years, One Year, and One Year respectively.

PMID- 19986923
TI  - Microscopic Specimen from a Case of Recurrent Carcinoma of Rectum (following
      Excision) treated with Radium.

PMID- 19986925
TI  - Specimen: Prolapsed Haemorrhoids of Excessive Dimensions.

PMID- 19986924
TI  - Specimen: Malignant Ulceration of both Pelvic Colon and Rectum.

PMID- 19986926
TI  - Prolapsed Haemorrhoids in an Erythraemic Patient with Psoriasis.

PMID- 19986927
TI  - Specimen: Cancer of the Pelvic Colon removed by Perineal Excision.

PMID- 19986928
TI  - Specimen. Fibro-leiomyoma of Small Intestine.

PMID- 19986930
TI  - Case of Perineal Hernia following Perineal Excision of the Rectum.

PMID- 19986929
TI  - Hypertrophic Tuberculous Ulceration of the Anus.

PMID- 19986931
TI  - Specimen. Carcinoma Arising in Pedunculated Adenoma of Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19986932
TI  - Carcinoma of the Rectum treated by Radium without Colostomy.

PMID- 19986933
TI  - Specimen. Fibrous Polypi associated with Internal Haemorrhoids.

PMID- 19986934
TI  - Specimen. Tuberculous Ulcer of Caecum with large Enterolith.

PMID- 19986935
TI  - Specimen: Constricting Carcinoma of the Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19986936
TI  - Specimen showing Fixation of an Early Rectal Carcinoma by Inflammatory Adhesions.

PMID- 19986937
TI  - Specimens: Submucous Implantation Cysts of the Rectum.

PMID- 19986939
TI  - DISCUSSION ON POST-OPERATIVE THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19986938
TI  - Clinical and Pathological Correlation in Typhoid and Allied Diseases.

PMID- 19986940
TI  - Post-Operative Acidosis.
AB  - A slight but real acidosis, involving a temporary decrease in alkaline reserve
      and increase in urinary acidity, occurs after all inhalation anaesthesias.
      Ketonuria is also present in 20 to 80 per cent. of cases. Local anaesthetics also
      produce these conditions, but less severely and less frequently.The acidosis
      seemed to depend on complex factors, but mainly on tissue anoxaemia produced by
      the upset of normal respiration and circulation during operative procedures. In
      the normal individual this acidosis is very slight, transient, causes no symptoms
      and is of no moment. It cannot be entirely prevented by previous administration
      of sodium bicarbonate, glucose and insulin, although high carbohydrate diet
      before operation minimizes the tendency to acidosis. Cases with acidosis before
      operation become worse afterwards and require treatment to prevent
      complications.The pre- and post-operative treatment of acidosis and ketosis in
      normals and diabetics, especially in emergency conditions, is discussed.

PMID- 19986942
TI  - Tuberculous Ulcer of the Tongue in a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19986941
TI  - Two Cases of Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica, three years after
      Splenectomy.

PMID- 19986943
TI  - Syringomyelic Arthropathy of Both Wrists.

PMID- 19986945
TI  - A Case of Severe Rickets.

PMID- 19986944
TI  - Hysterical Gait following Encephalitis.

PMID- 19986946
TI  - Aortic Aneurysm.

PMID- 19986947
TI  - Paroxysmal Auricular Fibrillation.

PMID- 19986948
TI  - Pyrexia of Obscure Origin.

PMID- 19986949
TI  - Multiple Lipomata.

PMID- 19986950
TI  - Myocardial Degeneration with Right Branch Block.

PMID- 19986951
TI  - Congenital Fistula of Lower Lip.

PMID- 19986953
TI  - Swelling of Tongue.

PMID- 19986952
TI  - Patent Foramen Ovale with Cyanosis without Cardiac Murmurs.

PMID- 19986955
TI  - Mixed Palatine Tumour.

PMID- 19986954
TI  - Two Cases of Bilateral Parotid Swelling.

PMID- 19986956
TI  - Tattooing, with Inflammatory Reaction.

PMID- 19986958
TI  - Progressive Nodular Infiltration of the Scalp, Cheeks and Neck.

PMID- 19986957
TI  - Punctate Melanodermia of Leg. Sections from Case shown October 18, 1928.

PMID- 19986959
TI  - Pigmentation of the Face, Neck and Forearms (for Classification).

PMID- 19986960
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19986961
TI  - Dermatitis of Pemphigus Type.

PMID- 19986963
TI  - Ulcus Molle.

PMID- 19986962
TI  - Ulcus Molle Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19986964
TI  - Acute Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19986966
TI  - Outgrowth from the Ventricle (previously shown March, 1928). Recent Tuberculous
      Formation in the Interarytenoid Space. Microscopical Section.

PMID- 19986965
TI  - The Medical Aspects of the Mediaeval Monastery in England.

PMID- 19986968
TI  - Carcinoma of Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19986967
TI  - Nystagmus of Palate with audible "Click".

PMID- 19986969
TI  - Cystoma of Tonsil.

PMID- 19986970
TI  - Squamous Epithelioma of Right Aryepiglottic Fold.

PMID- 19986971
TI  - Congenital Occlusion of OEsophagus (Specimen).

PMID- 19986972
TI  - Method of Increasing Audibility of Speech after Laryngectomy.

PMID- 19986973
TI  - Fusiform Dilatation of OEsophagus with Spasm; Leukoplakia of Walls. Specimen and
      Sections of Wall.

PMID- 19986974
TI  - Acute Pain and Fever following Chronic OEsophagitis, possibly Syphilitic, with
      Dilatation and OEsophagospasm.

PMID- 19986975
TI  - Specimen of Bone Flake causing "Asthmatoid Wheeze" extracted from the Entrance to
      the Left Bronchus.

PMID- 19986976
TI  - Allergic and Psychical Factors in Asthma.

PMID- 19986977
TI  - Experiences of Radiological Treatment of Cancer in Gynaecology.

PMID- 19986978
TI  - The Technique of Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix by Means of Radium Needles.

PMID- 19986979
TI  - Treatment of Experimental Anaemias with Ultra-Violet Light.

PMID- 19986980
TI  - Zoological Relationships of Primates.

PMID- 19986981
TI  - Bacterial Diseases.

PMID- 19986982
TI  - Filterable Viruses.

PMID- 19986984
TI  - Helminth Parasites.

PMID- 19986983
TI  - Protozoal Parasites.

PMID- 19986985
TI  - Phthiriasis in the Primates: a Sidelight on Phylogeny.

PMID- 19986986
TI  - Demonstration on the Morbid Anatomy of Monkeys.

PMID- 19986987
TI  - Post-Encephalitis and Its Problems in the Service.

PMID- 19986989
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE NECESSITY FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPINAL
      INJURIES.

PMID- 19986988
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GENERAL PARALYSIS OF THE INSANE.

PMID- 19986990
TI  - Diathesis in Relation to Rheumatism.

PMID- 19986992
TI  - A Clinical Method of Estimating Cardiac Efficiency in Children, and the Work of a
      Rheumatism Supervisory Centre.

PMID- 19986991
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CHRONIC RHEUMATISM OF JOINTS, ITS RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
      ELECTRO-THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT.

PMID- 19986993
TI  - Bilateral Osteomyelitis of Tibia.

PMID- 19986994
TI  - Deaths under Anaesthetics, with Special Relation to their Pathology.

PMID- 19986995
TI  - Mediastinal Neoplasm with Secondary Glandular Enlargement in the Neck.

PMID- 19986996
TI  - Acromegaly.

PMID- 19986997
TI  - Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis.

PMID- 19986998
TI  - Myxoedema (presumably), confined to the Palate and Larynx.

PMID- 19987000
TI  - Deficiency of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary.

PMID- 19986999
TI  - Sporadic Cretinism.

PMID- 19987001
TI  - Graves' Disease (?) with Unusual Symptoms (Thyrotoxicosis).

PMID- 19987003
TI  - Dyspituitarism of Frohlich Type with Extreme Genital Dystrophy.

PMID- 19987002
TI  - Endocrinopathy of Mixed Origin, probably Thyro-pituitary.

PMID- 19987004
TI  - A Case of Dyspituitarism of Mixed Type, Anterior Lobe Excess and Posterior Lobe
      Deficiency.

PMID- 19987005
TI  - Dyspituitarism of Mixed Type: Anterior Lobe Excess and Posterior Lobe Deficiency
      with Glycosuria.

PMID- 19987006
TI  - Angioma of the Renal Pelvis. Left Kidney.

PMID- 19987007
TI  - Pseudo-Angioma of Renal Pelvis (an Inflammatory Condition).

PMID- 19987008
TI  - Radiograph of Tuberculous Ureter.

PMID- 19987009
TI  - Kidney Showing a Simple Fibroma and a Cyst.

PMID- 19987010
TI  - Right-sided Hydronephrosis Secondary to Papillomata of the Renal Pelvis and
      Ureter, with Implantation Growth in the Bladder.

PMID- 19987011
TI  - Kidney with Triple Pelvis.

PMID- 19987012
TI  - Ectopic Kidney with Blood-supply from the Common Iliac Arteries.

PMID- 19987013
TI  - Pyelograms of Hydronephrosis Before and After Division of Obstructing Artery.

PMID- 19987014
TI  - Patient treated with Radium for Carcinoma of the Penis.

PMID- 19987015
TI  - Diverticulum of Bladder in a Young Man.

PMID- 19987016
TI  - The Dental Aspects of Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19987017
TI  - The Prevention of Diseases of the Teeth in Children.

PMID- 19987018
TI  - Observations on a Parasitological Tour of the Lesser Antilles.

PMID- 19987019
TI  - Case of Pituitary Tumour treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19987020
TI  - Unusual Condition of Iris (Case shown for Diagnosis).

PMID- 19987021
TI  - Tumour of Iris.

PMID- 19987022
TI  - Spontaneous Filtering Scar.

PMID- 19987023
TI  - Cirsoid Aneurysm of the Visual Cortex.

PMID- 19987025
TI  - Clinical and Pathological Report of Bilateral Glioma Retinae.

PMID- 19987024
TI  - Case of Iridocyclitis showing After-results.

PMID- 19987026
TI  - Dialysis of the Posterior Pigment Layer of the Iris.

PMID- 19987028
TI  - Pedunculated Exostosis of the External Auditory Canal.

PMID- 19987027
TI  - DISCUSSION ON VERTIGO.
AB  - Symptoms revealing a state of consciousness, attributable to incoordination of
      afferent impulses connected with the vestibular system-disturbances of muscle
      sense-vestibular ocular tracks-vestibular-spinal tracks. DIFFERENT VERTIGO
      COMPLEXES.: Destructive lesions of labyrinth, or of vestibular tracks, partial or
      complete.-Heterogeneous stimulations of the paired intact vestibular-end organs.
      The hypersensitive labyrinth.-Clinical manifestations of vertigo, associated with
      nausea, headache, visual disturbances, nystagmus, diplopia, staggering gait,
      vasomotor and cardio-vascular symptoms, pallor, flushing, sweating, dyspnoea,
      fainting, vomiting and diarrhoea. OBJECTIVE EXAMINATION.: The tympanic membrane.
      Middle-ear track.-Upper air passages.-Hearing tests.-Oculomotor tests.
      Labyrinthine reactions.-Postural, caloric, galvanic tests.-Differentiation
      between destructive and non-destructive disturbances of labyrinth.-Discrimination
      between peripheral and central lesions.-Vertigo associated with acute, non
      perforative otitis media, with chronic otitis media, with labyrinthine fistula,
      with otosclerosis, post-suppurative adhesions; with peripheral nerve deafness,
      gun deafness; with rhinitis, ethmoiditis, sinusitis, nasal polypi, postnasal
      catarrh and dental infections.-Influence of general health on recurrent vertigo
      and vice versa.-Other factors. Syphilis, malaria, etc. PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.:
      Seek the cause, which, if peripheral, may be removed by operations on the ear,
      nose, throat, or even by extraction of dead teeth.-If central, by intracranial
      surgery, decompression, or by neuropathic medical treatment. CONTROVERSIAL
      PROBLEMS.: (1) Medicinal treatment: Iodide, bromides, atropine, quinine. (2)
      Attention to upper air-passages. (3) Fenestration of tympanic membrane. (4)
      Possible value of Kuster's operation in certain cases. (5) Exploration of the
      saccus-endolymphaticus. (6) Fenestration of the external semicircular canal. (7)
      Indications for destroying the labyrinth.

PMID- 19987029
TI  - A Case of Localized Purulent Meningitis with Purulent Cerebro-spinal Fluid in the
      Course of Acute Mastoiditis Occurring in a Highly Cellular Bone and Complicated
      by Paralysis of the Sixth and Seventh Cranial Nerves on the Affected Side.

PMID- 19987030
TI  - Glioma of Corpus Callosum simulating Otogenic Brain Abscess. Operation on Ear.
      Death. Specimen.

PMID- 19987031
TI  - An Operating Auroscope.

PMID- 19987033
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GLANDERS AND KINDRED DISEASES.

PMID- 19987032
TI  - Case of Early Otosclerosis (shown for Diagnosis).

PMID- 19987034
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19987035
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris followed by Psoriasis.

PMID- 19987036
TI  - Infection of Tongue and Lips (?) Monilia: (Shown for Diagnosis).

PMID- 19987037
TI  - Monilethrix.

PMID- 19987038
TI  - Dermatitis Repens.

PMID- 19987039
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus Diffusus.

PMID- 19987040
TI  - Erythema ab Igne, or, alternatively, Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19987041
TI  - Prostatectomy in Diabetics.

PMID- 19987042
TI  - DISCUSSION ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF GASTRIC CHEMISTRY.

PMID- 19987044
TI  - Summary of Recent Work on Bone Tumours.

PMID- 19987043
TI  - Endemic and Epidemic Malaria in Southern Rhodesia.

PMID- 19987045
TI  - Carpal Semilunar Dislocations and Other Wrist Dislocations with Associated Nerve
      Lesions.

PMID- 19987046
TI  - The Withering Letters in the Possession of the Royal Society of Medicine.

PMID- 19987047
TI  - The Relation of Function to the Size and Form of the Jaws.
AB  - Doubts have been expressed as to whether function plays a part in the development
      of the jaws and alignment of the teeth. This paper attempts to show that function
      is an important factor. It is shown, first, by analogy that function affects
      other parts of the body; and secondly by direct examples. The more important of
      the latter are the breadth of the dental arch being dependent on the size of the
      tongue, the form of the glenoid fossa being related to the extent of the overbite
      of the incisors, and finally the changes in the occlusion of the deciduous teeth,
      between 3 and 8 years of age, so that the permanent incisors and first permanent
      molars may occlude correctly, such change taking place with difficulty unless the
      cusps of the deciduous teeth are worn. Where greater forward movement of the
      lower deciduous teeth compared with the upper deciduous teeth has not taken
      place, a degree of post-normality of the lower arch must inevitably be present.

PMID- 19987048
TI  - Hyperplasia and Hypoplasia.

PMID- 19987049
TI  - Paralysis of Left Vocal Cord, associated with Substernal Goitre. Apparent
      Recover.

PMID- 19987050
TI  - Adhesion of Soft Palate to Posterior Pharyngeal Wall. Surgical Diathermy followed
      by Right Hypoglossal Paralysis and Meningitis. Recovery.

PMID- 19987051
TI  - OEsophageal Obstruction probably Traumatic, treated by Gastrostomy and Retrograde
      Dilatation by Multiple Silk Threads. Improvement.

PMID- 19987052
TI  - Injury to Larynx.

PMID- 19987053
TI  - Two Cases to show a Method of Laryngectomy by raising a large U-shaped Skin-flap.

PMID- 19987054
TI  - Foreign Body Impacted in OEsophagus; Paroesophageal Abscess. Removal of Foreign
      Body by Peroral Endoscopy, with Drainage of Abscess; Pneumonia; Death: (Specimen
      and Skiagrams).

PMID- 19987055
TI  - Perforation of the Pharynx by a Safety Pin: (Specimen and Skiagram).

PMID- 19987056
TI  - Specimen of Mixed Palatine Tumour Associated with the Tonsil.

PMID- 19987057
TI  - Specimen: Large Calculus weighing 62 gr. removed from Left Submaxillary Salivary
      Gland of Male, aged 54.

PMID- 19987058
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of the OEsophagus treated with Diathermy. Gastrostomy.
      Death.

PMID- 19987059
TI  - Chronic Inflammation of Right Lachrymal Gland. ? Tuberculous.

PMID- 19987061
TI  - DISCUSSION ON OSTEO-ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19987060
TI  - Specimen: Tracheo-OEsophageal Fistula.

PMID- 19987062
TI  - Treatment by Hyperthermal Baths (104 degrees F. to 108 degrees F.) at the Royal
      Bath Hospital, Harrogate.

PMID- 19987063
TI  - DISCUSSION ON URINARY ANTISEPTICS.

PMID- 19987064
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INDUSTRIAL DERMATOSES: THEIR CAUSATION, RECOGNITION, PREVENTION AND
      TREATMENT.

PMID- 19987065
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ENCEPHALO-MYELITIS OF MAN AND ANIMALS.

PMID- 19987066
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FUNCTIONAL NERVOUS DISORDERS IN THE SERVICES.

PMID- 19987067
TI  - Pre-medication by Paraldehyde in Children.

PMID- 19987069
TI  - The Occurrence of Bovine Type Tubercle Bacillus in Pulmonary Tuberculosis-its
      Role in Pathogenesis.

PMID- 19987068
TI  - How can we Decide whether a Case of Glycosuria should be Treated?

PMID- 19987070
TI  - The AEtiological Relationship of Achylia Gastrica to Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19987071
TI  - Puerperal Fever and Pyrexias.
AB  - A classification is made of 219 cases notified as puerperal fever or puerperal
      pyrexia. Of these, 71 were local uterine infections; 47, pelvic or general
      peritonitis; 11, pelvic cellulitis; 20, septicaemia or pyaemia; 12, pyelitis, and
      58, febrile conditions not due to infection of the genital tract. Fatal cases
      were all due to general peritonitis or blood infections and the general death
      rate for infections of the genital tract is 21.4 per cent. Of 32 maternal deaths,
      7 followed abortion; 11 occurred in primiparae, the preponderance of whom showed
      more or less severe trauma, and 13 in multiparae in whom trauma was absent in the
      great majority. Similar antecedent circumstances were found in recovered cases of
      puerperal infection; from these figures an attempt is made to assess the
      importance of trauma in the production of sepsis. Two cases of puerperal scarlet
      fever are described and the transmission of infection in puerperal sepsis is
      discussed. A study has been made of sensitiveness to the haemolytic streptococcal
      toxin in 103 cases of puerperal sepsis and the results do not bear out the
      suggestion that infection by the streptococcus in the puerperium is correlated
      with toxin sensitiveness.

PMID- 19987073
TI  - Multiple Deformities.

PMID- 19987072
TI  - Persistent Hypoglycaemia following Diabetes Mellitus treated with Insulin.

PMID- 19987074
TI  - Erythrocyanosis Crurum Puellarum of Unilateral Preponderance.

PMID- 19987075
TI  - A Case illustrating the Banti Syndrome in Syphilis.

PMID- 19987076
TI  - Erythrocyanosis Crurum Puellarum, with Leuconychia of Fingers and Toes.

PMID- 19987077
TI  - Chronic Polyserositis with Obstruction to the Venous Circulation.

PMID- 19987078
TI  - Carcinomatosis, Pigmentation, Cauda Equina Lesion and (?) Bence-Jones
      Proteosuria.

PMID- 19987079
TI  - Endothelioma of Dura Mater compressing Spinal Cord; Case shown after Operation.

PMID- 19987081
TI  - Retroperitoneal Neoplasm.

PMID- 19987080
TI  - Diverticulum of the Stomach.

PMID- 19987082
TI  - Two Examples of Unusual Dissociation of Voluntary and Emotional Movements in
      Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19987083
TI  - Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19987084
TI  - Dyspituitarism, with Hydrocephalus.

PMID- 19987085
TI  - Cranio-Cleido-Dysostosis.

PMID- 19987087
TI  - Milroy's Disease (?).

PMID- 19987086
TI  - Intrathoracic Neoplasm.

PMID- 19987088
TI  - Measles Encephalitis.

PMID- 19987089
TI  - Symptoms Suggesting Post-Encephalitis.

PMID- 19987090
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre (Graves' Disease).

PMID- 19987091
TI  - Pseudo - hypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy in Brothers.

PMID- 19987092
TI  - Macroglossia, Right-sided. ? Cause.

PMID- 19987093
TI  - Tuberculous Abscess of Tibia.

PMID- 19987094
TI  - Splenic Anaemia.

PMID- 19987095
TI  - Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19987097
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALO-MYELITIS.

PMID- 19987096
TI  - "Acrobatic" Rickets Simulating Amyotonia.

PMID- 19987098
TI  - Ulcerative Condition of Throat and Nose. ? Actinomycosis. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987099
TI  - A Large Diverticulum of the OEsophagus at its Lower End [Skiagrams shown].

PMID- 19987100
TI  - Carcinoma of Upper Part of OEsophagus treated by Radium.

PMID- 19987101
TI  - Pachydermia Laryngis.

PMID- 19987102
TI  - Plasmocytoma of the Naso-pharynx.

PMID- 19987103
TI  - Epithelioma of Tonsil; Treatment by Selenium and Radium.

PMID- 19987104
TI  - Lupus of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19987105
TI  - A Safety-pin removed from the Left Bronchus by a Fortunate Manoeuvre.

PMID- 19987106
TI  - A New Endo-rhinoscope or Salpingoscope.

PMID- 19987107
TI  - Bilateral Abductor Weakness in a Woman.

PMID- 19987108
TI  - Growth on Palate: Basal-celled Carcinoma.

PMID- 19987109
TI  - Paresis of Left Vocal Cord. ? Chondroma of Larynx.

PMID- 19987110
TI  - Tumour of Larynx.

PMID- 19987111
TI  - Some Recent Work on the Pathology of Schizophrenia.

PMID- 19987112
TI  - Earache of a Reflex or Referred Nature.

PMID- 19987113
TI  - Thrombo-phlebitis of the Jugular Bulb.

PMID- 19987115
TI  - Thrombo-Phlebitis of Lateral Sinus and Jugular Bulb. Operations on Bulb.

PMID- 19987114
TI  - Zygomatic Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19987116
TI  - The Acute Ear.

PMID- 19987118
TI  - Injury of External Auditory Meatus by Indirect Violence.

PMID- 19987117
TI  - Mal-developments of the Auricle, External Acoustic Meatus and Middle Ear.

PMID- 19987119
TI  - A Straight-rod Pelvimeter.

PMID- 19987120
TI  - Contra-indications to Irradiation in Carcinoma of the Cervix.

PMID- 19987121
TI  - The Results of Wertheim's Operation and a Comparison between them and those
      Obtainable at Present by Radium.

PMID- 19987122
TI  - Case of Carcinoma of the Rectum Complicated by Enlarged Prostate.

PMID- 19987123
TI  - Three Cases of Double Carcinomata of the Colon and Rectum.

PMID- 19987124
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FISTULA-IN-ANO.

PMID- 19987125
TI  - Encephalitis Periaxialis Diffusa (Schilder).

PMID- 19987126
TI  - Unusual Pigmentation after Varicella.

PMID- 19987127
TI  - Uncontrollable Convulsions in which Gross Cerebral Malformations were found at
      Autopsy.

PMID- 19987128
TI  - Healed Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19987129
TI  - Intrathoracic Neoplasm.-Post-mortem Report on Case Previously Shown.-Specimen
      (Lymphosarcoma).

PMID- 19987131
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ACTION AND USE OF EPHEDRINE.

PMID- 19987130
TI  - Surgery of the Thorax and Abdomen in Animals.

PMID- 19987132
TI  - Gastro-intestinal Focal Infection in Relation to Oral Sepsis, with special
      reference to Anaerobes, occurring in Six Cases of Mental Disorder.

PMID- 19987134
TI  - Two Cases of Tuberculosis of Horse-shoe Kidney.

PMID- 19987133
TI  - Skiagram of Large Stone, three inches in Length, removed from Right Ureter.

PMID- 19987135
TI  - Stone, Weighing Twelve Ounces, removed from Right Kidney.

PMID- 19987137
TI  - Elephantiasis of the Penis and Scrotum due to Stricture of the Urethra and
      Fistulae.

PMID- 19987136
TI  - Large Vesico-prostatic Calculus.

PMID- 19987138
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of the Bladder.

PMID- 19987139
TI  - Specimen of Stone from Bladder.

PMID- 19987140
TI  - Tumour Removed from a Child's Bladder.

PMID- 19987141
TI  - Two Cases of Cancer of Prostate with Bony Metastases.

PMID- 19987142
TI  - Keratodermia gravis acuta.

PMID- 19987143
TI  - Two Cases of Poikilodermia (Civatte).

PMID- 19987144
TI  - Acrodermatitis Continua.

PMID- 19987145
TI  - Lichen Planus with Nerve Distribution.

PMID- 19987146
TI  - Leiomyoma Cutis Multiplex.

PMID- 19987147
TI  - Lichen Planus (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987148
TI  - The Adoption of the Prone Position as a Routine Method in the X-ray Examination
      of the Stomach.

PMID- 19987149
TI  - Thoracotomy in the Treatment of Malignant Disease of the OEsophagus by Radon.

PMID- 19987150
TI  - The Insertion and Use of Radon in Cancer of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19987151
TI  - A Note on Two Cases of Carcinoma of the OEsophagus treated by Radon and
      Diathermy.

PMID- 19987152
TI  - Chronic Deafness Much Improved by the Use of a Catheter.

PMID- 19987153
TI  - Chronic Deafness.

PMID- 19987154
TI  - Facial Paralysis occurring during Mastoid Operation; Decompression of Facial
      Nerve; Complete Recovery.

PMID- 19987155
TI  - Protrusion of the Meninges from the External Auditory Meatus, simulating Aural
      Polypus.

PMID- 19987156
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DEAFNESS.

PMID- 19987158
TI  - Referred Pain of Nasal Sinus Inflammation.

PMID- 19987157
TI  - The Present Treatment of Inflammation in the Maxillary Antrum and Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19987159
TI  - Morphine-Scopolamine Narco-Anaesthesia in Nasal Operations.

PMID- 19987161
TI  - Further Notes on a Difficult Labour in a Pure-blooded Australian Aboriginal
      Woman.

PMID- 19987160
TI  - Gigantic Female Foetus Weighing 24 lb. 2 oz. at Birth.

PMID- 19987162
TI  - Two Cases of Adenoma of the Vulva.

PMID- 19987164
TI  - Velonoskiascopy: A Control in the Correction of Astigmatic Defects.

PMID- 19987163
TI  - After-results of the Operative Treatment of Endometriomata.-A Study of Forty-one
      Cases.

PMID- 19987165
TI  - A Demonstration of some Ocular Lesions in Rabbits due to the Administration of
      Naphthalene.

PMID- 19987166
TI  - Cyst of Ethmoidal Labyrinth, causing Proptosis of the Left Eye.

PMID- 19987167
TI  - Case of Kienboch's Disease.

PMID- 19987168
TI  - Case of Kienboch's Disease.

PMID- 19987169
TI  - Clave's Disease of the Eighth Dorsal Vertebra.

PMID- 19987170
TI  - Softening of the Upper Humeral Epiphyses. ? Typhoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19987172
TI  - Blastomycosis.

PMID- 19987171
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INDICATION FOR AND THE RESULTS OF SPLENECTOMY.

PMID- 19987173
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19987175
TI  - Acquired Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19987174
TI  - Acquired Epidermolysis Bullosa (?).

PMID- 19987177
TI  - Giant Cell Tumours of Bone and their Radiological Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987176
TI  - Hypertrophic lichen planus.

PMID- 19987178
TI  - Bone Lesions in Tropical Diseases.

PMID- 19987179
TI  - Cancer of the Vocal Cords, Difficulties in Diagnosis, and Fallacies in
      Statistics.

PMID- 19987180
TI  - Carcinoma of Larynx treated by Radon.

PMID- 19987181
TI  - Carcinoma of Fauces.

PMID- 19987182
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of Cheek.

PMID- 19987183
TI  - Carcinoma of the Larynx benefited by Treatment with Radon Seeds.

PMID- 19987185
TI  - Ulceration of Larynx. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987184
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of Epiglottis. Operation Twenty-two Years Ago.

PMID- 19987186
TI  - Tuberculosis of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19987187
TI  - Cystic Growth on Under Surface of Epiglottis.

PMID- 19987188
TI  - Swelling of Left Arytenoid and Fixation of Vocal Cord: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987189
TI  - Bilateral Abductor Paralysis (?).

PMID- 19987190
TI  - Periodic Pain of Nasal Sinus Disease.

PMID- 19987191
TI  - Ulceration and Fixation of Left Vocal Cord (Case for Diagnosis).

PMID- 19987192
TI  - Specimen: Portion of Root of Tooth discharged through the Nose.

PMID- 19987193
TI  - Subglottic and Arytenoid Swellings.

PMID- 19987194
TI  - Ionization in Cases of Suppuration of the Middle Ear.

PMID- 19987195
TI  - The Chorda Tympani Nerve in Otology.

PMID- 19987196
TI  - Some Observations on Bone-conduction.

PMID- 19987197
TI  - Apparatus for Control of Conversation Test.

PMID- 19987198
TI  - Antivirus Therapy in Infectious Diseases.

PMID- 19987199
TI  - Malpighi's "De Pulmonibus".

PMID- 19987200
TI  - The Armorial Bearings of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries.

PMID- 19987202
TI  - Pseudoleukaemia. Aleukaemic Lymphadenosis.

PMID- 19987201
TI  - President's Address: The Blood as a Tissue: Hypertrophy and Atrophy of the Red
      Corpuscles.

PMID- 19987203
TI  - Osteitis Deformans with Compression Paraplegia.

PMID- 19987204
TI  - Congenital Shortening of the Left Femur.

PMID- 19987205
TI  - Tuberculous Knee-joint in a Boy aged 10 years.

PMID- 19987207
TI  - Fracture of First Lumbar Vertebra.

PMID- 19987206
TI  - Periosteal Sarcoma of the Femur in a Man aged 34.

PMID- 19987208
TI  - Subacute Multiple Arthritis with Fibrous Nodules.

PMID- 19987210
TI  - Angioma of the Tongue.

PMID- 19987209
TI  - Kohler's Disease in a Boy aged 6 years.

PMID- 19987211
TI  - President's Address: Some Principles of Therapeutics.

PMID- 19987212
TI  - Cystic Adenoma (Epithelioma Type) of Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19987213
TI  - Gunshot Wound of Right Eyeball, with Pellet remaining in the Vitreous.

PMID- 19987214
TI  - Retinitis punctata albescens (?). Colloid Bodies (?).

PMID- 19987215
TI  - Persistent Pupillary Membrane and Cilia in Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19987216
TI  - Calcareous Deposit on Back of Cornea.

PMID- 19987217
TI  - Bilateral Symmetrical Hyperplasia of the Lower Conjunctival Fold.

PMID- 19987218
TI  - Choroiditis with Extensive Infiltration of the Vitreous.

PMID- 19987220
TI  - Foreign Body, (?) Copper Wire, in the Eye.

PMID- 19987219
TI  - True Diabetic Cataract.

PMID- 19987221
TI  - Demonstration of the Cheiroscope.

PMID- 19987222
TI  - Two Cases of Acute Retrobulbar Neuritis due to Latent Sinusitis.

PMID- 19987223
TI  - President's Address: Urological Statistics as a Criterion of Progress.

PMID- 19987224
TI  - President's Address: Oral Sepsis in its Relation to General Disease.

PMID- 19987225
TI  - The Disappearance of Malaria from England.
AB  - Part I.-An attempt to interpret the available historical and statistical evidence
      of the distribution, incidence and character of malaria, from the seventeenth
      century onwards, and to ascertain to what degree the belief is justified that the
      disease was formerly prevalent and severe, but that within the last fifty years
      its incidence and fatality have declined continuously until, at the present day,
      it is usually said to have "disappeared" from this country.Part II is an
      examination of the causes of the decline of malarial incidence and severity
      during the period under consideration. Each of the factors or circumstances which
      from time to time has been thought to be concerned in the reduction is discussed
      in the light of the results of recent inquiries in the field and in the
      laboratory; and some factors are considered which have not received attention
      previously. A selection from the results of laboratory work in connection with
      the therapeutic use of malaria in general paralysis is included, where
      applicable, in the commentary.

PMID- 19987226
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Malignant Goitre.

PMID- 19987227
TI  - Three Specimens of Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19987228
TI  - Chondrodystrophia, followed by Normal Development.

PMID- 19987229
TI  - Chronic Emaciation with Stunting of Growth.

PMID- 19987230
TI  - Splenic Anaemia, treated by Splenectomy (previously shown March, 1926).

PMID- 19987231
TI  - Pink Disease.

PMID- 19987233
TI  - Persistent Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19987234
TI  - Severe Rickets with Anaemia.

PMID- 19987236
TI  - Neurofibroma of Cervical Region with Involvement of Hypoglossal Nerve.

PMID- 19987235
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19987237
TI  - Chyluria.

PMID- 19987238
TI  - Obesity. ? Cause.

PMID- 19987239
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19987240
TI  - A Case Illustrating Putti's Anterior Bone Check Operation for Calcaneus.

PMID- 19987241
TI  - Ascites, due to Cirrhosis of the Liver, Cured by the Talma-Morison Operation.

PMID- 19987242
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis treated by Diaphysectomy and Bone Grafting.

PMID- 19987243
TI  - Three Cases of Congenital Heart Disease with Cyanosis, in Adults.

PMID- 19987244
TI  - Dysarthria and Abnormal Gait: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987245
TI  - Erythraemia (Splenomegalic Polycythaemia) with a high degree of Acholuric
      Jaundice, probably a Manifestation of Compensatory "Hypersplenism.".

PMID- 19987246
TI  - President's Address: Superstition.

PMID- 19987247
TI  - English Physicians in Russia in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.

PMID- 19987248
TI  - Edward Selleck Hare (1812-1838) and the Syndrome of Paralysis of the Cervical
      Sympathetic.
AB  - Edward Selleck Hare (1812-1838), the first to describe a case of cervical tumour
      in association with ocular symptoms (Horner's syndrome), died at the age of 26
      the day before his paper was published-from typhus contracted in his wards at the
      Staffordshire General Infirmary. The details of his short career are described
      and his paper is reproduced in facsimile. He has no claim to priority over
      Horner, since he was not aware that the ocular symptoms in the case which he
      described were due to paralysis of the sympathetic.

PMID- 19987249
TI  - Monilia Infection.

PMID- 19987250
TI  - Scleroderma.

PMID- 19987251
TI  - Onychomycosis.

PMID- 19987253
TI  - Milium.

PMID- 19987252
TI  - Idiopathic Atrophy (?) Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987255
TI  - Idiopathic Sarcoma (Kaposi).

PMID- 19987254
TI  - Idiopathic Fat Atrophy.

PMID- 19987256
TI  - Ectodermal Defect.

PMID- 19987257
TI  - Paratyphoid C an Endemic Disease of British Guiana: A Clinical and Pathological
      Outline. B. paratyphosum C as a Pyogenic Organism: Case Reports.

PMID- 19987258
TI  - The Epidemiology and Pathology of Tuberculosis in India: [Abstract of a paper
      read by A. C. Ukil (Calcutta).].

PMID- 19987259
TI  - President's Address: Diathermy Treatment of Puerperal Septicaemia and Pneumonia.

PMID- 19987260
TI  - A Patient who was Operated on in 1914 for Neo-natal Subdural Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19987261
TI  - A Case of Tuberculosis of the Canal of the Cervix.

PMID- 19987263
TI  - Discussion on the Report of the Departmental Committee on the Training and
      Employment of Midwives.

PMID- 19987262
TI  - Maternal Mortality and its Relation to the Shape of the Female Pelvis.
AB  - Both in the modern and the ancient world, among women who are out-of-door workers
      and among those who live in natural and primitive conditions, childbirth is easy
      and safe.The inlet of the female pelvis approaches a circle. The circular form of
      inlet allows a larger foetal head to pass than the same measure disposed in any
      other form.In the circular pelvis the sacro-iliac joints are well developed by
      constant use and are freely movable.In contrast to this, civilization with its
      confinement of children indoors, and its absence of sunlight on the skin
      necessary for the proper calcification of growing bone, and the disuse of the
      sacro-iliac joints, alters the normal shape of the pelvis and makes childbirth
      difficult and dangerous. This change in pelvic shape leads to an undue proportion
      of undersized children surviving the ordeal of birth as the children with the
      larger heads who would easily pass the circular inlet are born dead.The last
      report on infant mortality tells us that two-thirds of all the stillbirths and
      infant deaths are due to prematurity and obstetric trauma, and the New
      Statistical Review issued in 1927 tells us that 20% more of the stillbirths are
      males.The natural proportion of males to females is thus upset, only the smaller
      children are born alive, hence perhaps the eventual decay of all civilizations,
      past and present.I venture to suggest that the solution of our maternal mortality
      problem does not consist so much in elaborate provision for abnormal childbirth
      as in trying to regain the lost heritage of natural and easy birth. We must begin
      with the newborn female child and her development, and return to nature as
      regards light, food and exercise, and thus we shall ensure proper development of
      the pelvis so that childbirth becomes again easy and safe.

PMID- 19987264
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DISEASES OF THE PITUITARY BODY.

PMID- 19987265
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES OF EARLY ABORTION AND STERILITY: Joint Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19987267
TI  - Enuresis: (Abstract).

PMID- 19987266
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AVERTIN ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19987268
TI  - Encephalitis Periaxialis Diffusa of Schilder.

PMID- 19987270
TI  - Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19987269
TI  - Congenital Absence of Crucial Ligaments, etc. Result after Fascial Graft.

PMID- 19987272
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Congenital Atresia of the Bile-ducts: History of Case.

PMID- 19987271
TI  - Splenic Anaemia.

PMID- 19987273
TI  - Cyanosis and Finger Clubbing, without Demonstrable Cause.

PMID- 19987274
TI  - Acute Collapse of Right Lung.

PMID- 19987275
TI  - Cat Asthma (Treated).

PMID- 19987276
TI  - Juvenile Myxoedema.

PMID- 19987277
TI  - Two Cases of Convulsions (shown for diagnosis).

PMID- 19987278
TI  - Erythroedema Polyneuriticum.

PMID- 19987279
TI  - Spasmodic Head Retraction following Encephalitis Lethargica.

PMID- 19987280
TI  - Scoliosis due to Absence of the Halves of Two Vertebrae.

PMID- 19987281
TI  - Paroxysmal Haemoglobinuria (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987283
TI  - Variable Heart Block with Cyanosis. ? Specific Pulmonary Arteritis (Ayerza
      Syndrome) or Congenital Lesion. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987282
TI  - Coronary Thrombosis with Ventricular Aneurysm.

PMID- 19987284
TI  - Haemophilia Treated by Liver Extract.

PMID- 19987285
TI  - Late Rickets.

PMID- 19987286
TI  - Hysterical Wry Neck.

PMID- 19987287
TI  - Overgrowth of Bones of Face. ? Paget's Disease.

PMID- 19987288
TI  - Partial Albinism. Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19987289
TI  - The Medical Boswells.

PMID- 19987290
TI  - Two Unpublished Autograph Letters of Edward Jenner on the Subject of Vaccination.

PMID- 19987291
TI  - Hereditary Ptosis with Epicanthus: A Case with Pedigree extending over Four
      Generations.

PMID- 19987292
TI  - Epithelial Hyperplasia of the Cornea (? Epithelioma) following Irritation of the
      Eye by Fuel Dust.

PMID- 19987293
TI  - Complete Atrophy of Retina and Chriocapillaris.

PMID- 19987294
TI  - Membrane in the Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19987296
TI  - Prismatic Spectacles.

PMID- 19987295
TI  - Retinitis in Diabetics.

PMID- 19987297
TI  - Two Sterilizers for Ballantyne's Drop Bottles.

PMID- 19987299
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MINOR INJURIES OF THE ELBOW-JOINT.

PMID- 19987298
TI  - President's Address: Respiratory Rhythm in Physiological Relation to Movement and
      Posture.

PMID- 19987300
TI  - Specimen of Testicular Carcinoma Metastasized from the Small Intestines.

PMID- 19987301
TI  - Papilloma of Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19987302
TI  - Pyelography in Renal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19987303
TI  - Naevus of Bladder.

PMID- 19987304
TI  - Carcinoma of the Bladder arising in the Urachus.

PMID- 19987305
TI  - Case of Stenosis of the Left Ureteric Orifice following (in one year) Removal of
      an extensive Villous Papilloma of the Bladder by Open Diathermy. Pyonephrosis.
      Nephrectomy.

PMID- 19987306
TI  - Pyelograms of Two Tuberculus Kidneys.

PMID- 19987307
TI  - Specimen of Large Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19987308
TI  - Pyelograms of a Double Ureter and Double Pelvis.

PMID- 19987309
TI  - Two Cases of Pyelovenous Backflow.

PMID- 19987310
TI  - Two Specimens of Double Ureter.

PMID- 19987312
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19987311
TI  - President's Address: A Summary of Two Thousand Consecutive Cases of Rheumatic
      Disease.

PMID- 19987313
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19987314
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19987315
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19987317
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of the Buccal Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19987316
TI  - Unusual Form of Sarcoid (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987318
TI  - Extensive Lichen Planus with Involvement of the Mucous Membranes in a Young
      Child.

PMID- 19987320
TI  - Norwegian Scabies.

PMID- 19987319
TI  - Hidradenomes eruptifs of Darier and Jacquet.

PMID- 19987321
TI  - Giant Granuloma Annulare (?).

PMID- 19987322
TI  - Subacute Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis of Wilson-Brocq.

PMID- 19987323
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19987324
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19987325
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans et Atrophicans.

PMID- 19987326
TI  - Lichen Planus (?) Lupus Erythematosus (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987327
TI  - Necrotic Tuberculides (?) and Granuloma of Sarcoid Type: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987328
TI  - Some Remarks on the Evolution of Naval Hygiene.

PMID- 19987330
TI  - Lupus of Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19987329
TI  - Retro-Orbital Abscess Secondary to Acute Ethmoiditis in a Child.

PMID- 19987331
TI  - Carcinoma of Right Bronchus.

PMID- 19987333
TI  - Disappearance of Epitheliomatous Outgrowth of Pharynx after Application of
      Diathermy.

PMID- 19987332
TI  - Three Cases of Non-Opaque Foreign Body in the Right Bronchus.

PMID- 19987334
TI  - Diathermy Removal of Soft Palate for Epithelioma.

PMID- 19987336
TI  - Extirpation of Tonsils by Diathermy-Coagulation.

PMID- 19987335
TI  - Epithelioma of the Vocal Cord (with Illustrations showing the Condition of the
      Larynx during the Application of Radium).

PMID- 19987337
TI  - Foreign Body (Halfpenny) in OEsophagus removed by Jackson's OEsophageal Speculum.

PMID- 19987338
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987339
TI  - Aneurysm, (?) Ascending Pharyngeal.

PMID- 19987340
TI  - Hoarseness: Thickening over Right Arytenoid. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987341
TI  - Late Result of too high a Tracheotomy.

PMID- 19987343
TI  - President's Address: A Brief Survey of the History of the Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19987342
TI  - Laryngo-Scleroma (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987344
TI  - The Triumphs and Failures of the Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19987345
TI  - The Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19987346
TI  - A New Operation for Closure of a Post-Operative Mastoid Fistula.

PMID- 19987347
TI  - Three Cases of Conservative Mastoid Operation with Temporal Muscle Graft.

PMID- 19987348
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGERY OF THE SPINAL CORD.

PMID- 19987349
TI  - Benign Sarcoid Lymphogranuloma of Schaumann.

PMID- 19987350
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987351
TI  - Leukaemide. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987352
TI  - Lichen Planus of Zoster Distribution.

PMID- 19987354
TI  - Psoriasis. ? Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987353
TI  - Parapsoriasis: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987355
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa in a Mother and Two Children.

PMID- 19987356
TI  - Psoriasis and Syphilis, with Arsenical Pigmentation.

PMID- 19987357
TI  - Lichen Plano-pilaris.

PMID- 19987358
TI  - Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19987359
TI  - OPENING PAPERS IN A DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN RECTAL SURGERY.

PMID- 19987360
TI  - Tuberculous Ulceration of the Tongue.

PMID- 19987361
TI  - Dystrophia Myotonica.

PMID- 19987362
TI  - Polycythaemia Vera Treated with Phenylhydrazine.

PMID- 19987363
TI  - Severe Rickets with (?) Dyschondroplasia.

PMID- 19987364
TI  - Familial Acholuric Jaundice (Son, Mother and Grand-mother).

PMID- 19987365
TI  - Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord without Blood-picture of Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19987366
TI  - Specimen: Rheumatic Carditis, Pan-valvulitis.

PMID- 19987367
TI  - Chondroma of First Rib in a Child aged 5 Years.

PMID- 19987368
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis and Abdominal Tumour ? Causal Ascites.

PMID- 19987369
TI  - Congenital Abnormality in the Shape of the Gall-bladder found by Cholecystography
      and at Operation.

PMID- 19987370
TI  - Tumour of Lung. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987372
TI  - Psittacosis: A Further Account of Cases of Human Infection: With Bacteriological
      Reports.

PMID- 19987371
TI  - Nine Cases of Recovery from Diabetes Mellitus.

PMID- 19987373
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF PHENYLHYDRAZINE IN THE TREATMENT OF POLYCYTHAEMIA.

PMID- 19987374
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF NIRVANOL IN THE TREATMENT OF CHOREA.

PMID- 19987376
TI  - Massive Collapse of the Lungs.

PMID- 19987375
TI  - Industrial Efficiency and Fatigue.
AB  - The problems of industrial efficiency and fatigue offer increasing scope for the
      use of that special knowledge of human life with which medical men are equipped
      by their training. Success and prosperity of industry depend as much on health
      and efficiency of workers as on the efficiency of machines. Impetus given by
      European War to study of this human factor; national necessity led to
      establishment of Health of Munition Workers Committee which later developed into
      the Industrial Fatigue Research-now the Industrial Health Research-Board of the
      Medical Research Council. In Germany extensive investigations are now pursued at
      the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut fur Arbeitsphysiologie, at Dortmund, into such
      problems as relationship of age to capacity for heavy muscular work, influence of
      diet and nutrition on human efficiency, and optimum height of stairs up which
      loads have to be carried; new system of training apprentices developed in Germany
      since the war.Factors influencing efficiency and capacity for work of employees
      may be placed in two general groups, intra-factory conditions, and extra-factory
      conditions. Many of these factors have been investigated in this country and in
      America. In particular, the effect of the environmental conditions of
      temperature, humidity and air-movement on human efficiency has been studied: but
      much remains to be done.

PMID- 19987377
TI  - Book-plates of Medical Men.

PMID- 19987378
TI  - Specimen: Larynx of a Patient who was Operated on by Laryngo-fissure for
      Epithelioma, showing no recurrence at his death twenty years afterwards.

PMID- 19987379
TI  - Four Cases Illustrating some Points in Subglottic Cancer of the Larynx, and the
      Condition Four, Six, Nine and Fourteen Years after Operation by the Laryngo
      fissure Route.

PMID- 19987380
TI  - Tumour of Naso-pharynx.

PMID- 19987381
TI  - Osteoma of the Frontal Sinus. Operation for Removal.

PMID- 19987382
TI  - Fibrous Stricture of the OEsophagus caused by Swallowing Lysol Five Years Ago.

PMID- 19987383
TI  - Enchondroma of Larynx.

PMID- 19987385
TI  - Two Cases of Spontaneous Haemorrhage into the Fossae of Inflamed Tonsils.

PMID- 19987384
TI  - Laryngeal Growth. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987386
TI  - Lymphadenoma, with Involvement of the Larynx.

PMID- 19987387
TI  - Carcinoma of Tongue and Floor of Mouth.

PMID- 19987388
TI  - A Radium-Needle Introducer for Use in the Hypopharynx.

PMID- 19987390
TI  - Specimen showing Carcinoma of the Uvula removed at Operation from a Patient aged
      80.

PMID- 19987389
TI  - Epithelioma: Patient Well after Treatment ten years and eleven months ago.

PMID- 19987391
TI  - Swelling above Right Vocal Cord; Outgrowth on Left Vocal Cord. Case for
      Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987393
TI  - Reticulo-Sarcoma, formerly Left Tonsillar region, lately Right Tonsillar region
      (shown June, 1928) . Radium Treatment. Recovery.

PMID- 19987392
TI  - Modification of the Davis Gag.

PMID- 19987395
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx: Laryngectomy (shown November, 1923).

PMID- 19987394
TI  - A Chromium-plated Head Mirror.

PMID- 19987396
TI  - (?) Localized Hodgkin's Disease. Case for diagnosis. Previously shown as a case
      of Tonsillar Tumour, November 2, 1928.

PMID- 19987399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19987397
TI  - Specimens from a Series of Cases of Gastro-jejunal Ulcer.

PMID- 19987402
TI  - The Pathology of the Senile Psychoses.

PMID- 19987401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19987403
TI  - Cancer of the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19987404
TI  - Retrosternal Goitre removed after Resection of Inner Half of Clavicle.

PMID- 19987405
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Nipple.

PMID- 19987406
TI  - Uterus with Fibromyoma, from which Haemorrhage occurred into the Peritoneal
      Cavity.

PMID- 19987409
TI  - Case of False Localizing Signs in Cerebral Tumour: Endothelioma of Left Sylvian
      Region revealed by Ventriculography.

PMID- 19987410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19987411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19987412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19987416
TI  - Specimen: Lymphadenoid Goitre.

PMID- 19987417
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BRUCELLA INFECTIONS IN MAN AND ANIMALS.

PMID- 19987418
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFICULT CHILD: Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19987419
TI  - Tissue Reaction in Disorders of the Rheumatic Group: with particular reference to
      Subcutaneous Nodules.

PMID- 19987420
TI  - Anal Polyp and von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19987421
TI  - Fracture of the Cervical Spine.

PMID- 19987422
TI  - Dislocated Carpal Semilunar Bone.

PMID- 19987424
TI  - Large Painless Tuberculous Ulcer of the Tongue.

PMID- 19987423
TI  - Kohler's Disease, with "Mulberry" Upper Femoral Epiphyses.

PMID- 19987425
TI  - Splenomegaly: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987427
TI  - Spina Bifida (two other cases in same family).

PMID- 19987426
TI  - Two Cases of Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica.

PMID- 19987428
TI  - Purpura.

PMID- 19987429
TI  - Unusual Case of Loose Body in each Knee-joint, of Traumatic Origin.

PMID- 19987430
TI  - Facial Lipodystrophia with Unerupted Upper Central Incisor Teeth.

PMID- 19987432
TI  - Fracture of the Neck of the Femur through a Solitary Cyst in the Bone.

PMID- 19987431
TI  - Alopecia Totalis after Slight Nervous Shock.

PMID- 19987433
TI  - President's Address: Some Recent Researches on Virus Diseases.

PMID- 19987435
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19987434
TI  - Persistent Hyaloid Canal (Canal of Cloquet) in Left Eye.

PMID- 19987437
TI  - Demonstration of the Theory of Vision.

PMID- 19987436
TI  - Epibulbar Papilloma.

PMID- 19987438
TI  - Krukenberg's Spindles.

PMID- 19987440
TI  - Calcareous Deposit on the Back of the Cornea.

PMID- 19987439
TI  - A Microphthalmic Family.

PMID- 19987441
TI  - Paralysis of the Oculomotor Nerve-trunks in Diabetes.

PMID- 19987442
TI  - Syndromes of the Anterior Cerebral Artery.

PMID- 19987443
TI  - Three Cases of Imperforate Hymen Occurring in One Family.

PMID- 19987444
TI  - The Detection of the Presence of the Hormone of the Anterior Pituitary Body in
      the Urine as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19987445
TI  - Further Studies in Osteomalacia.

PMID- 19987446
TI  - Bone-Grafting the Mandible.

PMID- 19987447
TI  - A Two-stage Operation for Cleft Palate.

PMID- 19987448
TI  - Pathology and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Penis.
AB  - There are two types of penile cancer, ulcerative and papilliferous, the
      predisposing causes of which differ. In the second variety a wart initiates the
      malignant changes, whereas in the former, phimosis and decomposition of smegma
      are the predominant factors.-The clinical manifestations of carcinoma of the
      penis are profoundly different from those of glandular carcinoma.Treatment may be
      either by amputation (Gould operation) or radium irradiation.-A cure is certain
      if the growth is removed by complete amputation, but though the results from
      irradiation are variable, it is the treatment of choice, on account of the moral
      effect of rapid disappearance of the tumour with retention of the organ.-Direct
      treatment of the glands in the groin is not advised unless the skin over them is
      involved.

PMID- 19987449
TI  - Cardiac Functional Efficiency in the Young Male Adult.

PMID- 19987450
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INTRATHORACIC TUMOURS.

PMID- 19987452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19987451
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE COMPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONS FOR PILES: President's Address.

PMID- 19987453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19987461
TI  - Double Carcinoma of Pelvic Colon and Rectum associated with Polyposis of Colon
      and Duodenum.

PMID- 19987464
TI  - Radiography of the Mastoid Process.

PMID- 19987465
TI  - Illustrative Cases.

PMID- 19987466
TI  - Illustrative Cases.

PMID- 19987468
TI  - Skiagrams shown.

PMID- 19987467
TI  - The Diagnostic Value of X-ray Examination of the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19987469
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19987470
TI  - Two Skiagrams of the Temporal Bone.

PMID- 19987471
TI  - The Value of Radiography in Symptomless Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19987472
TI  - Some Notes on the Diagnosis of Acoustic Tumours.

PMID- 19987473
TI  - Tumours of the Eighth Nerve.

PMID- 19987474
TI  - Fibroma of the Eighth Nerve simulating a Tumour of the Cerebellum.

PMID- 19987476
TI  - Objective Tinnitus.

PMID- 19987475
TI  - Tumour of the Nervus Acusticus demonstrated by Radiography.

PMID- 19987477
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TROPICAL DISEASES ARISING FROM DIETETIC DEFICIENCY: Joint
      Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19987478
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CANINE DISTEMPER.

PMID- 19987479
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF LUNG ABSCESS.

PMID- 19987480
TI  - Keloid of the Thoracic Wall.

PMID- 19987481
TI  - Familial Multiple Exostoses: Father and Daughter Affected.

PMID- 19987482
TI  - Schlatter's Disease.

PMID- 19987484
TI  - Case of Rumination in Man.

PMID- 19987483
TI  - Case of the Jaw-Winking Phenomenon.

PMID- 19987486
TI  - Advanced Osteo-arthropathy in a Case of Pulmonary Neoplasm.

PMID- 19987485
TI  - Osteitis Deformans with Sarcoma.

PMID- 19987487
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN THORACIC SURGERY.

PMID- 19987488
TI  - Demonstration of Apparatus used to treat Functional Aphonia and Allied Disorders,
      with some Notes on the Classification of such Disorders.

PMID- 19987489
TI  - Growth on Right Side of Larynx.

PMID- 19987490
TI  - Dermoid Cyst attached to the Epiglottis.

PMID- 19987492
TI  - Unilateral Fixation of the Larynx, apparently Congenital.

PMID- 19987491
TI  - Primary (Clinical) Tuberculosis of Larynx.

PMID- 19987493
TI  - Case of Nasal Sinus Disease involving the Right Orbit, and accompanied by an
      Unusual Degree of Deformity.

PMID- 19987494
TI  - Atresia of Left Posterior Choana.

PMID- 19987495
TI  - Associated Paresis of the Internal Tensors and Abductors of the Vocal Cords in a
      Case of Combined Bulbar Paralysis and Progressive Muscular Atrophy.

PMID- 19987496
TI  - An Operating Reflector.

PMID- 19987497
TI  - Swellings in Larynx attributed to Gas Poisoning.

PMID- 19987498
TI  - Report of Case of Non-opaque Foreign Body in Left Lower Lobe Bronchus.

PMID- 19987499
TI  - Syphiloma of Larynx.

PMID- 19987500
TI  - Further Experience in Forecasting Epidemics of Smallpox, Plague, and Cholera in
      India, and its Bearing on the Reduction of Cholera.

PMID- 19987501
TI  - Cutting Currents.

PMID- 19987502
TI  - Erythema Circinatum, ? Erytheme Annulaire Centrifuge of Darier.

PMID- 19987503
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19987504
TI  - Parapsoriasis.

PMID- 19987505
TI  - Lichen Planus Bullosa.

PMID- 19987506
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19987507
TI  - Eruption (? Antipyrinides): Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987508
TI  - Erythrodermic Pemphigoid Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19987509
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BATH REACTIONS IN SPA TREATMENT.

PMID- 19987510
TI  - Report on a Case of Purpura Haemorrhagica following Diphtheria.

PMID- 19987511
TI  - Congenital Melanotic Sarcoma in an Infant.

PMID- 19987513
TI  - Bilateral Kohler's Disease.

PMID- 19987512
TI  - Gastromegaly in a Child aged 2 years.

PMID- 19987514
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of the Upper End of the Humerus.

PMID- 19987515
TI  - Cyst. ? Intracranial.

PMID- 19987516
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19987518
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19987517
TI  - Paralysis of Right Upper Extremity following Accident.

PMID- 19987519
TI  - Epituberculosis.

PMID- 19987520
TI  - Complete Heart Block.

PMID- 19987521
TI  - Two Specimens (Macroscopical and Microscopical) of Primary Carcinoma of Liver
      (Hepatoma).

PMID- 19987522
TI  - Congenital Pulmonary and Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19987523
TI  - Distichiasis.

PMID- 19987524
TI  - Detachment of Retina in Both Eyes.

PMID- 19987526
TI  - Double Detachment of Retina.

PMID- 19987525
TI  - Retrobulbar Neuritis due to Concealed Nasal Sepsis.

PMID- 19987527
TI  - Colloid Bodies in the Choroid. (?) Macular Choroiditis.

PMID- 19987528
TI  - Parinaud's Conjunctivitis (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987529
TI  - Unusual Coloration of the Sclerotics.

PMID- 19987531
TI  - Osteoma of the Right Orbit.

PMID- 19987530
TI  - Epibulbar Papilloma of Conjunctiva. Report on case previously shown.

PMID- 19987532
TI  - The Red Field and Optic Disc Resistance in Glaucoma and Allied Conditions.

PMID- 19987534
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ACTINOMYCOSIS COMMON TO MAN AND ANIMALS: Joint Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19987533
TI  - The Various Uses of the Bone Graft.

PMID- 19987535
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE MILDER FORMS OF THE MANIC
      DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS: Joint Discussion No. 6.

PMID- 19987536
TI  - Observations on the Antimalaria Campaign in Italy.

PMID- 19987537
TI  - A Case of Invasion of the Intact Buccal Mucous Membrane by Spirochaetes.

PMID- 19987539
TI  - Tuberculous Granuloma of the Lip.

PMID- 19987538
TI  - Typhus-like Fevers of Unknown AEtiology, with Special Reference to the Malay
      States.
AB  - Typhus exanthematicus, Rocky Mountain fever, and the tsutsugamushi disease have
      been classified in the "typhus group" by Megaw, as louse-typhus, tick-typhus, and
      mite-typhus. He has added a fourth-class, comprising typhus-like fevers, with
      unknown vectors. It is the diseases of this class with which this paper is
      concerned.Endemic typhus (Brill's disease) is very closely related to typhus
      fever; the Weil-Felix reaction is positive, typhus-like vascular lesions are
      present, and there is cross-immunity with typhus. In the exanthematic fever of
      Marseilles the relationship is more superficial; there is neither cross-immunity
      nor vascular lesion, and the Weil-Felix reaction is negative. Some, e.g., the
      scrub-typhus of Malaya (vector probably a mite), are more nearly related to
      tsutsugamushi than to typhus; others, e.g., Indian "tick-typhus" (vector probably
      a tick), to Rocky Mountain fever.All are non-contagious, non-epidemic, warm
      weather diseases. They are unassociated with dirt, squalor, or lice, and are
      restricted to definite foci. Probably rodents or other animals are the reservoirs
      of the virus. On the question of identity with typhus, health authorities decide
      that notification is unnecessary; typhus introduced into America spreads, Brill's
      disease does not.These typhus-like diseases are not the same in all the countries
      where they occur. There are two main groups: (1) an urban group, more closely
      related to typhus, in which the Weil-Felix reaction is positive; (2) a rural
      group, more closely related to tsutsugamushi and Rocky Mountain fever, in which
      the Weil-Felix reaction is negative. There is a special non-indologenic strain of
      B. proteus, which is agglutinated in some of the fevers belonging to the second
      group.TROPICAL TYPHUS IN THE MALAY STATES: (1) urban form, or "shop-typhus,"
      resembling Brill's disease; (2) rural form or "scrub-typhus." Peculiar
      association with oil-palms and coarse grass.

PMID- 19987540
TI  - Morphoea-type of Tuberculide.

PMID- 19987541
TI  - Leukaemia Cutis.

PMID- 19987542
TI  - The Treatment of Varicose Ulcer.

PMID- 19987544
TI  - A Toxic Condition of Undetermined Cause.

PMID- 19987543
TI  - Fat Atrophy.

PMID- 19987545
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum.

PMID- 19987547
TI  - Lichen Planus with Lesions of the Tongue and Buccal Mucous Membrane and Secondary
      Monilia Infection.

PMID- 19987546
TI  - Furunculosis Cryptococcica vel Blastomycetica vel Moniliaca: (Folliculitis
      decalvans cryptococcica pro parte.).

PMID- 19987548
TI  - Abscess of the Brain.

PMID- 19987549
TI  - Brain Abscess from the Point of View of the Neurological Surgeon.

PMID- 19987550
TI  - Temporal Lobe Abscess. (Notes on seventeen consecutive cases operated upon at the
      Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, from 1908 to 1929.).

PMID- 19987551
TI  - Pathology of Adjacent Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19987552
TI  - Actinomycosis of Brain.

PMID- 19987553
TI  - A Mastoid Process shown by X-rays to be Abnormal, but not found to be so
      Clinically.

PMID- 19987555
TI  - Case of Recurring Meningitis three weeks after Septicaemic Type of Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19987554
TI  - Ossiculectomy for Vertigo, due to Attic Cholesteatoma. Recovery.

PMID- 19987556
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE POSITION OF RADIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF GYNAECOLOGICAL
      CONDITIONS: Joint Discussion No. 7.

PMID- 19987558
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INFLUENCE OF SUNLIGHT AND OTHER CLIMATIC FACTORS IN HEALTH AND
      IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES.

PMID- 19987557
TI  - Radium and Nervous Tissue: An Experimental Study.

PMID- 19987559
TI  - Spinal Analgesia with Spinocain.

PMID- 19987560
TI  - Percaine: A New Regional and Spinal Analgesic, with special reference to High
      Thoracic Nerve Root Block and a New Technique.

PMID- 19987561
TI  - Ulceration of Soft Palate and Tonsil. Tumours on Wall of Pharynx. Case for
      Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987562
TI  - Growth on Vocal Cords: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987563
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Fibroma. Tumour removed by Diathermy.

PMID- 19987564
TI  - Excessive Development of the Styloid Processes.

PMID- 19987566
TI  - Sections of Tonsils.

PMID- 19987565
TI  - Lupus of Palate and Epiglottis.

PMID- 19987567
TI  - Papilloma of the Larynx. Specimen.

PMID- 19987568
TI  - Myeloid Sarcoma of the Superior Maxilla. Treatment by Surgery, Diathermy and
      Radium.

PMID- 19987569
TI  - Skiagrams (taken at the Royal Portsmouth Hospital) of Skull after Excision of
      Bone for Spreading Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19987570
TI  - Intrinsic Carcinoma of the Larynx treated by Radium.

PMID- 19987571
TI  - Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Frontal Sinus and Ethmoidal Cells.

PMID- 19987572
TI  - Morbid Condition of Palate and Cranial Nerve Palsies. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987573
TI  - Papillomatous Condition of Larynx.

PMID- 19987574
TI  - Bilateral Spasm of the Larynx.

PMID- 19987575
TI  - Secondary Sarcoma of Small Intestine.

PMID- 19987576
TI  - Interarticular Cartilage from a case of "Clicking Jaw".

PMID- 19987577
TI  - Large Central Glioma of the Cerebellum.

PMID- 19987579
TI  - Lymphatic Permeation of the Small Intestine from Carcinoma of the Prostate.

PMID- 19987578
TI  - Meningioma of Right Frontal Lobe.

PMID- 19987580
TI  - Hydrocephalus in a Child.

PMID- 19987581
TI  - Four Specimens of Duct Sarcoma of the Breast.

PMID- 19987582
TI  - Multilocular Cystic Tumour of the Head of the Pancreas.

PMID- 19987583
TI  - Lactating Adenoma of Breast.

PMID- 19987584
TI  - Gall-stone from the Common Bile-duct.

PMID- 19987585
TI  - Fibro-angioma.

PMID- 19987587
TI  - Carcinoma of Thyroid with Metastases.

PMID- 19987586
TI  - Specimens showing Giant-celled Sarcoma of the Femur and an Osseous Metastasis in
      the Lung.

PMID- 19987588
TI  - Carcinoma of the Ascending Colon removed by Operation from a Man, aged 58.

PMID- 19987590
TI  - Asthma in a Child, relieved by Removal of the Redundant Portions of the Middle
      Turbinated Bodies.

PMID- 19987589
TI  - Attic Cholesteatoma with Vertigo: Ossiculectomy: Relief from Vertigo.

PMID- 19987592
TI  - Deformities of Hands and Feet following Several Attacks of Acute Rheumatism.

PMID- 19987591
TI  - Vertigo and Epileptiform Seizures completely Arrested by Ossiculectomy.

PMID- 19987593
TI  - Hydatid Cyst of the Liver.

PMID- 19987595
TI  - Syphilitic Dactylitis.

PMID- 19987594
TI  - Endothelioma of the Pleura.

PMID- 19987596
TI  - Mastitis in a Man aged 43.

PMID- 19987598
TI  - Gumma of the Testicle.

PMID- 19987597
TI  - Tetany Associated with Arrested Growth and Striation of Bones.

PMID- 19987600
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19987599
TI  - Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Left Auricle.

PMID- 19987601
TI  - Atypical Leukaemia.

PMID- 19987602
TI  - Diabetes Insipidus.

PMID- 19987603
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SYPHILITIC AORTITIS.

PMID- 19987604
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPASMODIC FLAT-FOOT.

PMID- 19987605
TI  - Some of the Clinical and Pathological Factors underlying Mortality-rates in
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19987606
TI  - Enlargement of Several Joints (? causation).

PMID- 19987607
TI  - Syphilitic Cirrhosis of the Liver in a Boy.

PMID- 19987608
TI  - Mental Defect in a Congenitally Syphilitic Child.

PMID- 19987609
TI  - Gastromegaly from Congenital Duodenal Ileus showing Spontaneous Improvement.

PMID- 19987610
TI  - Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19987611
TI  - Pathological Sleeping.

PMID- 19987612
TI  - Old Pericardial Rheumatic Nodule (Specimen).

PMID- 19987613
TI  - "Idiopathic" Hepatic Cirrhosis with Recurrent Jaundice.

PMID- 19987614
TI  - Cleido-cranial Dysostosis.

PMID- 19987615
TI  - Grave Familial Jaundice in an Infant.

PMID- 19987616
TI  - Facio-scapulo-humeral Muscular Dystrophy (Landouzy-Dejerine) Type.

PMID- 19987617
TI  - Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19987618
TI  - Unusual Ossification of the Patella with Symptoms? due to Osteochondritis.

PMID- 19987619
TI  - Rupture of the Lower Tendon of the Biceps in a Tabetic Patient.

PMID- 19987621
TI  - Haemochromatosis.

PMID- 19987620
TI  - Carotico-cavernous Aneurysm.

PMID- 19987622
TI  - Isolated Abscess in the Tibia of a Child.

PMID- 19987623
TI  - Eighth-nerve Tumour Ten Years after Suboccipital Decompression.

PMID- 19987624
TI  - Double Coxa Vara, after Treatment.

PMID- 19987625
TI  - Leontiasis Ossea.

PMID- 19987626
TI  - Fracture, with Intra-articular Dislocation of the Internal Condyle of the Humerus
      occurring Conjointly with Dislocation of the Elbow.

PMID- 19987627
TI  - The Background of Galen's Life and Activities, and its Influence on his
      Achievements.

PMID- 19987628
TI  - Two Unpublished Autograph Letters of Edward Jenner on the Subject of Vaccination.

PMID- 19987629
TI  - Naso-pharyngeal Fibroma, Removed by Diathermy; Subsequent Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19987630
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen from a Case variously reported on as Granuloma,
      Lymphosarcoma, Endothelioma. Treated by X-rays and Radium. Death from
      Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19987631
TI  - Microscopic Section of a Papilloma of the Vocal Cord showing an Encapsulated
      Foreign Body.

PMID- 19987632
TI  - Thyro-lingual Cyst apparently undergoing Spontaneous Destruction.

PMID- 19987633
TI  - Ulcer in Tonsillar Region. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987634
TI  - Cyst of Floor of Mouth.

PMID- 19987635
TI  - Tuberculoma of the Fauces.

PMID- 19987636
TI  - Papilloma of Uvula.

PMID- 19987637
TI  - Bronchiectasis cured by Aspiration.

PMID- 19987638
TI  - Laryngeal Cyst.

PMID- 19987639
TI  - A Case of Hydatidiform Mole with Multiple Small Syncytial Infarctions of the
      Lungs.

PMID- 19987640
TI  - The Treatment of Prolapsus Uteri.

PMID- 19987641
TI  - The Effect of Hysteropexy upon a Subsequent Pregnancy, and of Pregnancy upon a
      Previous Hysteropexy.

PMID- 19987643
TI  - Recurrent Carcinoma of Prostate: Transplantation of Ureters into Rectum.

PMID- 19987642
TI  - Dental Sepsis-A Retrospect.

PMID- 19987644
TI  - Papilliferous Carcinoma of Kidney and Ureter.

PMID- 19987645
TI  - Specimen of Large Ureteric Calculus.

PMID- 19987646
TI  - Dissection of a Case of Diphallus.

PMID- 19987648
TI  - Some Examples of Excretion Urography.

PMID- 19987647
TI  - Papilloma of the Pelvis of the Right Kidney, with Secondary Implantation Growth
      in the Corresponding Ureter.

PMID- 19987649
TI  - Impressions of American Psychiatry.

PMID- 19987650
TI  - Case of Fistula-in-Ano, Communicating with Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19987651
TI  - Perineal Excision of the Rectum: Cinematographic Demonstration.

PMID- 19987652
TI  - Specimens Demonstrating Method of Classification of Rectal Carcinoma.

PMID- 19987653
TI  - Sacro-Coccygeal Dermoid Cyst and Fistula.

PMID- 19987654
TI  - Early Carcinoma of the Rectum (B.2 Case).

PMID- 19987655
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of Rectum (C Case) Excised after Radium Treatment had been
      Unsuccessful.

PMID- 19987656
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE FACTORS MAKING FOR SAFETY IN THE SURGERY OF THE COLON AND
      RECTUM.

PMID- 19987657
TI  - Acetylcholine in Relation to Abdominal Surgery: (Abstract).

PMID- 19987658
TI  - Cysts of the Temporal Bone involving the Middle Ear and the Jugular Fossa.

PMID- 19987659
TI  - Carcinoma of the Ear.

PMID- 19987661
TI  - Malignant Disease of the External Acoustic Meatus and Middle Ear.

PMID- 19987660
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Right External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19987662
TI  - Microscopical Sections from a Case of Endothelioma arising in connection with a
      Naevoid Angioma.

PMID- 19987663
TI  - Malignant Disease of Right Ear.

PMID- 19987664
TI  - Microscopical Section from a Case of Epithelioma of the External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19987665
TI  - Carcinoma in External Acoustic Meatus: treated by Radium.

PMID- 19987666
TI  - Secondary Carcinoma of the Middle-ear involving the Dura Mater.

PMID- 19987667
TI  - Epithelioma in Left External Meatus: treated by Radium.

PMID- 19987668
TI  - Rodent Ulcer in the External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19987669
TI  - Tuberculous Lesions, Healed and Active, met with during Post-mortem Examinations
      in South Australia, and their Significance.

PMID- 19987670
TI  - Malignant Growths and Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19987671
TI  - Ulcer-Cancer and Carcinoma of the Intestine.

PMID- 19987672
TI  - Torquay as a Health Resort.

PMID- 19987673
TI  - Ethylene Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19987675
TI  - Tracheotomy for Diphtheria on Mother (1896), and Child (1930).

PMID- 19987674
TI  - President's Address: Some Remarks on Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19987676
TI  - Solid OEdema of One Leg: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987677
TI  - Carotinaemia in a Male Diabetic.

PMID- 19987678
TI  - Post-mortem Specimen from Case of Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Left Auricle
      (shown at the Meeting held on March 14, 1930).

PMID- 19987680
TI  - Congenital Haemolytic Anaemia, with Splenomegaly in a Child: Controlled by Liver
      Treatment.

PMID- 19987679
TI  - Haemophilia treated by Liver Diet.

PMID- 19987681
TI  - Transposition of the Viscera.

PMID- 19987683
TI  - Hernia of the Lung.

PMID- 19987682
TI  - Occipital Tumour.

PMID- 19987684
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES TO THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS.

PMID- 19987685
TI  - Old Injury of the Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19987686
TI  - Injury of Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19987687
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TECHNIQUE AND RESULTS OF PROSTATECTOMY.

PMID- 19987688
TI  - DISCUSSION ON AMPUTATIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE ARTIFICIAL LIMB.

PMID- 19987690
TI  - A Dwarf with Stippled Epiphyses.

PMID- 19987689
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease with Scoliosis.

PMID- 19987691
TI  - Sarcoma of Calf Muscles and Femur.

PMID- 19987692
TI  - Two Cases of Coeliac Rickets.

PMID- 19987693
TI  - Bilateral Congenital Elevation of the Scapulae.

PMID- 19987694
TI  - Two Cases of Dislocation of Carpal Scaphoid.

PMID- 19987695
TI  - Swelling of Elbow, later proved to be Chondroma.

PMID- 19987696
TI  - The Hereditary Transmission of Hypoglycaemia in Mice.

PMID- 19987697
TI  - Clinical Forms and Bacteriology of Bovine Mastitis.

PMID- 19987698
TI  - Prophylaxis of Goitre in Fish Hatcheries.

PMID- 19987699
TI  - Infectiousness and Immunity in Regard to Chickenpox, Whooping-cough, Diphtheria,
      Scarlet Fever and Measles.

PMID- 19987700
TI  - Bilharziosis of the Blood-vessels.

PMID- 19987701
TI  - The Story of Leprosy at Nauru.

PMID- 19987702
TI  - Inclusion Cyst of Pharynx.

PMID- 19987703
TI  - The Indications for Performing Wilde's Incision.

PMID- 19987704
TI  - Five Cases in which Wilde's Incision was successfully performed for Retro-aural
      Swelling.

PMID- 19987706
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF GOLD COMPOUNDS (SANOCRYSIN, KRYSOLGAN,
      ETC.): Joint Discussion No. 8.

PMID- 19987705
TI  - A Case showing the danger of not performing a Mastoid Operation if Ear Discharge
      persists after a Wilde's Incision.

PMID- 19987707
TI  - Tracheotomy for Laryngeal Diphtheria in 1926 and 1930 on the Same Child.

PMID- 19987708
TI  - Hypo-pituitarism with (?) Cerebral Diplegia.

PMID- 19987709
TI  - Two Specimens of Back Pressure Kidneys associated with Phimosis.

PMID- 19987710
TI  - Pre-Natal Infection with Smallpox.

PMID- 19987712
TI  - Advanced Banti's Disease, treated successfully by Ligature of the Splenic Vein.

PMID- 19987711
TI  - Banti's Disease (?) Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

PMID- 19987713
TI  - Narcolepsy.

PMID- 19987714
TI  - Congenital Ectodermal Defect.

PMID- 19987715
TI  - Measles Encephalo-myelitis.

PMID- 19987717
TI  - Endothelioma of Left Tonsil-Radium Treatment-Recurrence in Abdomen-Death.
      Specimen shown.

PMID- 19987716
TI  - Deformity of Pharynx after an attempt at Removal of the Tonsils.

PMID- 19987718
TI  - Swelling of Naso-pharynx and Hard Palate: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987719
TI  - Haemoptysis due to Cryptal Ulceration of Tonsils.

PMID- 19987720
TI  - A New OEsophagoscope and Bronchoscope.

PMID- 19987722
TI  - Section of Papilloma removed from the Left Aryteno-epiglottic Fold by the direct
      method.

PMID- 19987721
TI  - Swelling below Left Malar Bone with Pain in Front of Left Ear: Case for
      Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987723
TI  - Dermoid Cyst of Floor of Mouth (shown February 7, 1930).

PMID- 19987724
TI  - Ulcerative Condition of Throat and Nose tentatively diagnosed as Actinomycosis
      (shown May 3, 1929).

PMID- 19987725
TI  - Growth on Right Side of Larynx, proved to be Papilloma (shown February 7, 1930).

PMID- 19987726
TI  - Ulcer in Tonsillar Region (shown May 2, 1930).

PMID- 19987727
TI  - Psychiatry in Relation to Biography and History.

PMID- 19987728
TI  - An Experiment in Keratoplasty.

PMID- 19987730
TI  - Modified Radical Mastoid Operation. Hearing greatly improved by Operation, with
      Healing of Perforation in Membrana Tympani.

PMID- 19987729
TI  - The Surgical Treatment of Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19987731
TI  - Extreme Procidence of Lateral Sinus.

PMID- 19987732
TI  - The Design of Partial Dentures considered in Relation to the Health of the Oral
      Tissues.

PMID- 19987733
TI  - Two Cases of Buried Mandibular Teeth with their Crowns in Opposition.

PMID- 19987734
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM AND COLON.

PMID- 19987736
TI  - Dermatitis Papillaris Capillitii.

PMID- 19987735
TI  - Civatte's Poikilodermia.

PMID- 19987738
TI  - Erythema Perstans Gyratum in a Tuberculous Subject.

PMID- 19987737
TI  - Ectodermal Defect, Tylosis, and Dystrophy of the Nails.

PMID- 19987739
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19987740
TI  - Acnitis.

PMID- 19987741
TI  - Hypodermic Sarcoid, Darier-Roussy Type.

PMID- 19987743
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum, Pringle's Type, with Fibromata on Trunk and Scalp.

PMID- 19987742
TI  - Favus.

PMID- 19987744
TI  - Syphilis of Scalp.

PMID- 19987745
TI  - Lichen Planus associated with Lichen Spinulosus and Cicatricial Alopecia of the
      Scalp, Pubes, and Axillae.

PMID- 19987746
TI  - Parapsoriasis en Plaques: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987747
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19987748
TI  - Schamberg's Dermatitis.

PMID- 19987749
TI  - Malaria, Women and Quinine.

PMID- 19987751
TI  - Periodontal Disease in Dogs: (Experimental Gingivitis and "Pyorrhoea").

PMID- 19987750
TI  - Recruiting: A Review of Modern Requirements.

PMID- 19987752
TI  - Thirty Foreign Bodies Removed from the Air and Food Passages.

PMID- 19987753
TI  - Congenital Stenosis of the OEsophagus in Children, Associated with Diaphragmatic
      Hernia of the Stomach.

PMID- 19987754
TI  - Gradual Diathermy Destruction of the Faucial Tonsils.

PMID- 19987755
TI  - Granuloma of the Larynx following Exposure to Mustard Gas.

PMID- 19987756
TI  - The Use of Avertin in Oto-Rhinology.

PMID- 19987757
TI  - The Toxaemias of Pregnancy: A New Conception: (Abstract).

PMID- 19987758
TI  - A Case of Lithopaedion.

PMID- 19987759
TI  - A Case of Pregnancy in one horn of a bicornute uterus.

PMID- 19987760
TI  - Recurrent Melanotic Sarcoma of the Clitoris.

PMID- 19987761
TI  - Affections of Hearing and Adenoids: The Fight against Adenoidism in Italy.

PMID- 19987763
TI  - The Treatment of Vesical Papillomata by Cystoscopic Diathermy.

PMID- 19987762
TI  - The Swim-bladder and Weberian Ossicles and their Relation to Hearing in Fishes.

PMID- 19987765
TI  - Double Colon.

PMID- 19987764
TI  - Young Man with Arrested Development; Neanderthal Type of Physiognomy.

PMID- 19987766
TI  - Syringomyelia with Retrobulbar Neuritis.

PMID- 19987767
TI  - Cerebral Haemorrhage in a Boy now aged 14 years.

PMID- 19987768
TI  - Arrested Development due to Disease of Pituitary Gland.

PMID- 19987769
TI  - Unilateral Exophthalmos.

PMID- 19987770
TI  - Congenital Scoliosis.

PMID- 19987771
TI  - Congenital Absence of Femur.

PMID- 19987772
TI  - Persistent Pyrexia: (?) Still's Disease.

PMID- 19987773
TI  - Bilateral Brachial Plexus (Lower Cord) Lesion due to Cervical Ribs.

PMID- 19987774
TI  - Bilateral Congenital Coloboma of Uveal Tract.

PMID- 19987776
TI  - Congenital Constrictions on Leg and Arm.

PMID- 19987775
TI  - Coeliac Disease.

PMID- 19987778
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease Treated by Rectal Tube.

PMID- 19987777
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19987779
TI  - Athetosis in a Boy aged 4 years.

PMID- 19987780
TI  - Cretinism in a Girl, aged 14 years.

PMID- 19987781
TI  - Bilateral Congenital Dislocation of Lens.

PMID- 19987783
TI  - Achondroplasia in a Child, aged 4 Years.

PMID- 19987782
TI  - Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19987784
TI  - Congenital Atresia of the Ileum.

PMID- 19987786
TI  - Cretinism in a Child, aged 2 years.

PMID- 19987785
TI  - Hypothyroidism.

PMID- 19987787
TI  - Three Cases of Congenital OEdema (Milroy's Disease) in Two Generations of the
      Same Family.

PMID- 19987788
TI  - Cyst of Synovial Membrane in the Region of the Internal Semilunar Cartilage.

PMID- 19987789
TI  - Two Cases of Paraplegia Associated with Scoliosis.

PMID- 19987790
TI  - Specimen of Internal Semilunar Cartilage as a Complete Disc.

PMID- 19987791
TI  - Pathological Dislocation of the Hip-joint.

PMID- 19987792
TI  - Two Sixteenth-Century Veterinary Books.

PMID- 19987793
TI  - Demonstration on Carcinoma of the Skin treated by Radium.

PMID- 19987794
TI  - On the Use of Radon in the Treatment of Neoplasms of the Skin.

PMID- 19987795
TI  - Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19987796
TI  - Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma or Psoriasis (?).

PMID- 19987797
TI  - Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19987799
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19987798
TI  - Pustular Psoriasis.

PMID- 19987800
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19987801
TI  - Ulerythema ophryogenes (Unna).

PMID- 19987802
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa (Macular Type).

PMID- 19987803
TI  - Naevus Unius Lateris.

PMID- 19987804
TI  - Leukaemia Cutis.

PMID- 19987805
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa Nodulosa.

PMID- 19987807
TI  - "White Spot Disease".

PMID- 19987806
TI  - Extensive Cicatricial Alopecia of Scalp. ? Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19987808
TI  - Self-mutilation of the Face in a Male.

PMID- 19987809
TI  - Puerperal Infection by Pathogenic Anaerobic Bacteria.

PMID- 19987810
TI  - The Physiological and Cytological Effects of Penetrating X-rays upon the Cat and
      Rabbit.

PMID- 19987811
TI  - The Advantages of the Perineal Route in the Treatment of Various Diseases of the
      Prostate.

PMID- 19987813
TI  - A Complex Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19987812
TI  - Chronic Tracheo-bronchitis of the Dog due to Oslerus osleri (Cobbold, 1879).

PMID- 19987815
TI  - Bilharzia Disease in Children.

PMID- 19987814
TI  - A Little-known Type of Chronic Colitis.

PMID- 19987816
TI  - Suppurative Diseases of the Lung: Report on a Series of Bronchoscopic
      Observations.

PMID- 19987817
TI  - President's Address: Classification of the Optic Atrophies.

PMID- 19987818
TI  - Absence of Right Fibula, and other Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19987819
TI  - Pre-natal Separation of the Lower Femoral Epiphysis.

PMID- 19987821
TI  - Compression Fracture of Sixth Cervical Vertebra.

PMID- 19987820
TI  - Fracture of Right Astragalus.

PMID- 19987822
TI  - Injury to Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19987823
TI  - Congenital Abnormalities of the Hands.

PMID- 19987824
TI  - Bipartite Scaphoids.

PMID- 19987825
TI  - Tuberculous Knee with Unusual Skiagraphic Appearance.

PMID- 19987826
TI  - President's Address: Entoptic Phenomena.

PMID- 19987827
TI  - The Detection of Colour-blindness from a Practical Point of View.

PMID- 19987828
TI  - President's Address: Radiology-its Progress and Future.

PMID- 19987829
TI  - Lipoma in a Child aged 20 months.

PMID- 19987830
TI  - Anaemic Type of Haemolytic Jaundice without Familial History.

PMID- 19987831
TI  - Congenital Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19987832
TI  - Fistula behind Left Ear: ? Branchial.

PMID- 19987833
TI  - Report on a Case of Carbolic Acid Poisoning.

PMID- 19987834
TI  - Popliteal Aneurysm.

PMID- 19987836
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Sternum.

PMID- 19987835
TI  - Aneurysmal Angioma of Brain.

PMID- 19987837
TI  - President's Address: The Results of Partial Resection of the Bladder for
      Carcinoma.

PMID- 19987838
TI  - President's Address: The Relation of Dust to Infection.

PMID- 19987839
TI  - Leucotrichia with Leucoderma and Melanoderma.

PMID- 19987840
TI  - Lesions (? Psoriatic) on Palms. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987841
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19987842
TI  - Herpes Gestationis.

PMID- 19987844
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of the Erythema Migrans Type.

PMID- 19987843
TI  - Trichophytia Profunda.

PMID- 19987845
TI  - Pseudo-pelade of Brocq.

PMID- 19987846
TI  - Atrophic Lesions on Joints of Hands and Feet. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987847
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19987848
TI  - President's Address: A Visit to Some of the Hospitals in Canada and to the Mayo
      Clinic: (Abridged).

PMID- 19987849
TI  - Lesion of Both Auditory Nerves, together with Several Other Cranial Nerves on the
      Left Side.

PMID- 19987850
TI  - Intracranial Tumour.

PMID- 19987852
TI  - Milk Hypersensitivity with Eczema.

PMID- 19987851
TI  - Two Cases of Associated Deformities of the Cranium and Extremities.

PMID- 19987853
TI  - Intussusception in an Infant.

PMID- 19987854
TI  - Cerebellar Cyst: Result after Operation.

PMID- 19987855
TI  - Haemolytic Jaundice.

PMID- 19987856
TI  - Endothelioma of Foot.

PMID- 19987858
TI  - The Organization and Methods of Practice of the East End Maternity Hospital.

PMID- 19987857
TI  - Vaginal Metastases in Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus.

PMID- 19987860
TI  - Abdominal Carcinomatosis, with probable Adrenal Involvement.

PMID- 19987859
TI  - A Short Communication on a Case of Endometrioma.

PMID- 19987861
TI  - Gummatous Osteitis of Tibia.

PMID- 19987862
TI  - True Hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19987863
TI  - Congenital Shortening of the Left Humerus.

PMID- 19987864
TI  - Spondylitis Deformans (Strumpell-Marie Type).

PMID- 19987866
TI  - Anaemia with Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19987865
TI  - Bilateral Ankylosis of Hip-joints.

PMID- 19987867
TI  - Simple Achlorhydric Anaemia (L. J. Witts).

PMID- 19987868
TI  - Syphilitic Osteitis of Humerus.

PMID- 19987869
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RESEARCH IN CLINICAL MEDICINE.

PMID- 19987870
TI  - Calcareous Keratitis.

PMID- 19987871
TI  - Traumatic Zonular Cataract.

PMID- 19987872
TI  - Pseudo-Coloboma of Iris.

PMID- 19987873
TI  - Multiple Foreign Bodies in the Corneae.

PMID- 19987874
TI  - Early Diabetic Retinitis.

PMID- 19987875
TI  - Retinal Pigmentation.

PMID- 19987876
TI  - Case of Rodent Ulcer extending into the Orbit.

PMID- 19987877
TI  - Massive Exudate.

PMID- 19987879
TI  - President's Address: The Approach to the Study of Hysteria.

PMID- 19987878
TI  - Contact Glass for High Astigmatism.

PMID- 19987881
TI  - President's Address: Aims and Limitations of Modern Surgery.

PMID- 19987880
TI  - President's Address: Some Amputation Problems.

PMID- 19987882
TI  - President's Address: Multiple Primary Malignant Growths. With Special Reference
      to the Colon and Rectum.

PMID- 19987883
TI  - Cultivation of the Spirochaetes Associated with Tropical Ulcer.
AB  - Spirochaetes from cases of tropical ulcer have been cultured in a modified Wenyon
      media and have now been successfully passed through thirty-two subcultures.-A
      pure culture has not yet been obtained.-Five inocultation experiments are
      described in which it has been shown that the spirochaetes and fusiform bacilli,
      in mixed culture, are capable of proliferation and of producing ulcerated lesions
      in natives.

PMID- 19987884
TI  - Generalized Infection of Muscles with Cysticercus cellulosae; measurements of
      cysts and comparison with those of Trichinella spiralis.

PMID- 19987885
TI  - The Secrets of Alexis. A Sixteenth Century Collection of Medical and Technical
      Receipts.

PMID- 19987886
TI  - Avertin Narcosis in the Small Domestic Animals.

PMID- 19987887
TI  - President's Address: Some Aspects of Specialization and Research in the Services.

PMID- 19987888
TI  - Exfoliative Dermatitis associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19987889
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19987890
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19987891
TI  - Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans-probably a telangiectatic variety of
      urticaria pigmentosa in an adult.

PMID- 19987892
TI  - Alopecia Totalis in a Young Woman.

PMID- 19987893
TI  - Alopecia Totalis in a Boy after Slight Nervous Shock.

PMID- 19987894
TI  - Lichen Planus with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19987895
TI  - Leucoderma, vel Leucotrichia.

PMID- 19987896
TI  - Lichen (?). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987897
TI  - President's Address: The Role of Hydrology in Preventive Medicine.

PMID- 19987898
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris treated by Quartz Light.

PMID- 19987899
TI  - Arthritis of Shoulder-joint, with Brachialgia.

PMID- 19987901
TI  - Tuberculosis Cutis Verrucosa.

PMID- 19987900
TI  - Lupus of Nose.

PMID- 19987902
TI  - Old-standing Lupus Vulgaris: Results of Treatment by Fulguration.

PMID- 19987904
TI  - Three Cases of Subacute Dermato-myositis.

PMID- 19987903
TI  - Cervicitis treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19987906
TI  - Intra-pelvic Protrusion of Acetabula.

PMID- 19987905
TI  - Mal-union of Radius. Treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19987907
TI  - Paget's Disease.

PMID- 19987908
TI  - Double Rudimentary Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19987909
TI  - Aortic Aneurysm and ? Syphilis of the Lung.

PMID- 19987910
TI  - Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans.

PMID- 19987911
TI  - Fracture-dislocation of the Ankle-joint, Reduced by Operation Three Months Later.

PMID- 19987912
TI  - Multiple Osseous Defects.

PMID- 19987913
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease.

PMID- 19987914
TI  - Branchial Cyst.

PMID- 19987915
TI  - Generalized Osteo-chondritis.

PMID- 19987917
TI  - Food as a Preventive of Disease.

PMID- 19987916
TI  - Further Report on a Case illustrating the Banti Syndrome in Syphilis: (Shown at a
      Meeting of the Section on May 10, 1929).

PMID- 19987919
TI  - Papillomatous Condition of Vocal Cord. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987918
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS OF THE LARYNX.

PMID- 19987920
TI  - Swelling in Left Pyriform Fossa. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19987921
TI  - Specimen of Larynx with Pachydermia and Subglottic Epithelioma.

PMID- 19987922
TI  - Specimen of Tongue, Pharynx and Larynx, showing complete disappearance of an
      extensive Carcinoma after the use of Radium.

PMID- 19987924
TI  - Laryngeal Growth.

PMID- 19987923
TI  - Epithelioma of the Vocal Cord treated with Radium.

PMID- 19987925
TI  - Carcinoma of Larynx treated with Radon Needles.

PMID- 19987926
TI  - Report on Two Cases of Septicaemia following Tonsillectomy.

PMID- 19987927
TI  - Double Hemiplegia following Diphtheria.

PMID- 19987928
TI  - Schilder's Periaxial Encephalitis.

PMID- 19987929
TI  - Progressive Muscular Atrophy of Spinal Origin.

PMID- 19987930
TI  - Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia.

PMID- 19987931
TI  - Syphilitic Osteitis and Periostitis: Sabre Tibiae.

PMID- 19987932
TI  - President's Address: The Eustachian Tube.

PMID- 19987933
TI  - The Pathogeny of Aural Cholesteatoma.

PMID- 19987934
TI  - Cholesteatoma performing for itself the Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19987935
TI  - Congenital Deformity and Deafness.

PMID- 19987936
TI  - DISCUSSION ON VASCULAR TUMOURS OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD: Joint Discussion No.
      1.

PMID- 19987938
TI  - Extensive Lupus Vulgaris treated with Radium by Surface Radiation.

PMID- 19987937
TI  - Multiple Angiomata.

PMID- 19987939
TI  - Two Cases of Alopecia Totalis, showing the Effect of Ultra-Violet Light.

PMID- 19987940
TI  - Erythema Elevatum Diutinum.

PMID- 19987941
TI  - Plexiform Neuroma.

PMID- 19987942
TI  - Extensive Hairy Pigmented Naevus.

PMID- 19987943
TI  - Naevus Unius Lateralis involving the Sebaceous Glands and Pilo-sebaceous
      Follicles.

PMID- 19987944
TI  - Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19987945
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19987946
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus in a girl, aged 8.

PMID- 19987948
TI  - Paronychia due to a Yeast like Organism with Curious Discoloration of the Nails.

PMID- 19987947
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19987949
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris in Vaccination Scar.

PMID- 19987950
TI  - Acne Agminata (Acnitis of Barthelemy).

PMID- 19987951
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19987952
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus treated with Sanocrysin and Bismuth.

PMID- 19987953
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INTERIM REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON MATERNAL
      MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY.

PMID- 19987954
TI  - Stigmata of Degeneration in Relation to Mental Deficiency.

PMID- 19987956
TI  - Plastic Repair after Operations on the Upper Jaw.

PMID- 19987955
TI  - Salyrgan in the Treatment of Heart Failure.

PMID- 19987957
TI  - Repair of Pharyngeal Defects after Operations for Removal of Malignant Tumours.

PMID- 19987959
TI  - Extrinsic Tumour in Right Posterior Mediastinum, causing Temporary Dysphagia.

PMID- 19987958
TI  - The Use of Carbon Dioxide in the Treatment of Vasomotor Rhinitis, Hay Fever and
      Asthma.

PMID- 19987960
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx simulating Cancer.

PMID- 19987961
TI  - Erythematous Patch on Soft Palate. ? Pre-carcinoma.

PMID- 19987962
TI  - Congenital Syphilis. Deformity of Nose. Eruption of Teeth into Nose.

PMID- 19987963
TI  - Bleeding Polypus of the Nose.

PMID- 19987964
TI  - Epithelioma of Vocal Cord treated by Thyrotomy in November, 1923 (shown April 4,
      1924).

PMID- 19987965
TI  - The Teeth and the Stomach.

PMID- 19987966
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SURGERY IN DIABETES.

PMID- 19987967
TI  - Unusually Large Papilloma of the Bladder.

PMID- 19987968
TI  - Carcinoma beginning in a Sacculus of the Bladder.

PMID- 19987969
TI  - Carbuncle of Kidney.

PMID- 19987970
TI  - Specimen: Ruptured Kidney.

PMID- 19987971
TI  - Two Cases of Double Renal Pelvis and Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19987972
TI  - Adenoma of the Kidney giving rise to a large Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19987973
TI  - Three Cases of Hydronephrosis Associated with Haematuria.

PMID- 19987974
TI  - Granuloma Inguinale.

PMID- 19987975
TI  - Bronzed Diabetes.

PMID- 19987976
TI  - Haemochromatosis, with Diabetes Mellitus, Hepatic Cirrhosis and Chronic Ascites.

PMID- 19987977
TI  - Calcified Endothelioma of the Brain Seven Years after Decompression.

PMID- 19987978
TI  - Acromegaly treated with Radon Seeds.

PMID- 19987979
TI  - Vascular Tumour of the Brain.

PMID- 19987980
TI  - Headache Relieved by Removal of a Portion of Middle Turbinal Body.

PMID- 19987981
TI  - Frontal Headache Relieved by Removal of Portion of Middle Turbinal.

PMID- 19987982
TI  - Frontal Headache Relieved by Submucous Resection of the Nasal Septum and Removal
      of Redundant Portion of Middle Turbinal.

PMID- 19987983
TI  - Syndrome of Obliterating Arteritis of the Lower Limbs treated with Angioxyl and
      various Physical Agents.

PMID- 19987984
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism: Generalized Osteitis Fibrosa with Multiple Osteoclastomata.

PMID- 19987986
TI  - President's Address: The Question of Immunity in Man to Protozoal Diseases.

PMID- 19987985
TI  - Addison's Disease Treated by Intravenous Cortical Extract.

PMID- 19987988
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19987987
TI  - Psoriasis Arthropathica.

PMID- 19987989
TI  - Loa-Loa.

PMID- 19987991
TI  - Two Cases of Black Hairy Tongue.

PMID- 19987990
TI  - Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19987993
TI  - Healed Gangrenous Purpura of the Legs.

PMID- 19987992
TI  - Dermatitis caused by Artificial Tortoise-shell Spectacles.

PMID- 19987994
TI  - "Spondylose Rhizomelique" (Pierre Marie).

PMID- 19987995
TI  - Six Cases of Parkinsonism, with Investigation of Speech Defects and Description
      of a Graphic Method of making Speech Records.

PMID- 19987996
TI  - Still's Disease.

PMID- 19987997
TI  - Pulmonary Asbestosis.

PMID- 19987998
TI  - Pulmonary Mycosis (Moniliasis).

PMID- 19987999
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Painless Ulcer of Tongue and Marked Wasting of Left
      Pectoral Muscle.

PMID- 19988001
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF IRON.

PMID- 19988000
TI  - Recent Views on Pneumonoconioses.
AB  - Silicosis has been intensively studied since it was isolated from other diseases
      caused by dust. These studies have shown that silicosis may be fairly advanced
      without seriously impairing general health; it may, however, itself lead to a
      fatal result. More often it acts almost specifically in preparing the way for
      pulmonary infections, of which serious tuberculosis is the chief. The occurrence
      of such a superadded infection not infrequently precipitates a latent condition
      of silicosis. The close relation existing clinically between tuberculosis and
      silicosis has been demonstrated by animal experiment.Other dusts than silica have
      also been demonstrated to cause generalized pulmonary fibrosis, which is usually
      finer in character, although more injurious to the functions of the lungs than is
      silicosis; but such fibrosis has not been found to be specifically associated
      with superadded tuberculous infection.Each dust calls for special study. Up to
      the present, investigation of dusts from certain silicates has shown them to be
      of great importance. Of these, asbestos has been found to be most definitely
      injurious, and to originate a definite and characteristic condition. Other
      silicates, such as basalt, appear to set up a condition which only differs in
      degree from that caused by asbestos.Dust arising from pure coal does not appear
      to be injurious, or, on the other hand, to be in any way protective against
      infections. Raw coal, however, often contains sufficient minerals for its dust to
      originate pulmonary fibrosis. When such fibrosis is present, whether due to
      silica arising from intervening rocks or from silicates, the coal particles are
      so retained in the lungs as to block the lymph passages, and impair
      capacity.Certain other dusts, for example dusts arising from marble or limestone,
      exert little, if any, influence on the lungs. Such dusts are soluble in the body
      fluids, and are not left to block the pulmonary tissues.

PMID- 19988002
TI  - Congenital Dilatation of Ureter.

PMID- 19988003
TI  - Congenital Deformities with Stippled Epiphyses and Congenital Cataract.

PMID- 19988004
TI  - Specimen of Complete Genito-Urinary Tract from a Case of Congenital Absence of
      the Abdominal Muscles.

PMID- 19988005
TI  - Congenital Opacity of both Corneae with Slight Buphthalmos.

PMID- 19988006
TI  - Ataxia of Cerebellar Type following Diphtheria.

PMID- 19988007
TI  - Section of Neoplasm shown at October meeting as ? Endothelioma of Foot.

PMID- 19988008
TI  - Dwarfism with Mental Defect.

PMID- 19988009
TI  - Hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 19988010
TI  - Polycystic Kidneys.

PMID- 19988012
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19988011
TI  - Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Post Splenectomy.

PMID- 19988013
TI  - Hereditary and Familial Oxycephaly.

PMID- 19988014
TI  - The Significance of the Radiological Renal Outline.

PMID- 19988015
TI  - Chronic Sub-dural Haematoma.

PMID- 19988017
TI  - Two Cases of Exudative Choroiditis in Children.

PMID- 19988016
TI  - The AEtiology of Disseminate Sclerosis: Some criticisms of recent work,
      especially with regard to the "Spherula Insularis".

PMID- 19988018
TI  - Abnormality of Fundus: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988020
TI  - Two Cases of Latent Nystagmus.

PMID- 19988019
TI  - Spasmodic Entropion treated by Injection of Alcohol.

PMID- 19988021
TI  - Glaucoma associated with Facial Naevus.

PMID- 19988022
TI  - Spinal Analgesia with Special Reference to Operations above the Diaphragm.

PMID- 19988023
TI  - Some General Aspects of Intra-cranial Complications of Aural Infection.

PMID- 19988024
TI  - Changes Occurring in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Some Intracranial Complications
      of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19988025
TI  - Right Chronic Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess. Wagner's Osteoplastic Craniotomy and
      Drainage. Radical Mastoidectomy Five Months Later.

PMID- 19988026
TI  - Intracranial Division of Auditory Nerve for Relief of Tinnitus.

PMID- 19988027
TI  - Right-sided Cerebellar Abscess and Thrombosis of Lateral Sinus and Jugular Bulb.
      Operated on in November, 1905, and shown at a Meeting of the Otological Society
      on February 5, 1906.

PMID- 19988029
TI  - Simple Polyp of the Iliac Colon in a Woman aged 64.

PMID- 19988028
TI  - Air-sickness and Sea-sickness: (Abridged).

PMID- 19988030
TI  - Spindle-celled Sarcoma of the Jejunum.

PMID- 19988031
TI  - Retroperitoneal Tumour.

PMID- 19988032
TI  - DISCUSSION ON A COMPARISON OF RADIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN MAN AND ANIMALS: Joint
      Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19988033
TI  - Filariasis in the Dutch East Indies.

PMID- 19988034
TI  - Trichokyptomania: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988035
TI  - Sclerema Neonatorum.

PMID- 19988036
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of the Buccal Mucous Membrane (previously shown).

PMID- 19988037
TI  - Extreme Xanthelasma Palpebrarum.

PMID- 19988038
TI  - Lichen Nitidus with Hyperkeratosis of the Palms.

PMID- 19988039
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease, with Unusual Eruption.

PMID- 19988040
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides with Papillomatosis of the Areolae.

PMID- 19988042
TI  - Erythematous Lichen Planus, with Development of Bullae.

PMID- 19988041
TI  - Darier-Roussy Sarcoid. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988043
TI  - Kaposi's Idiopathic Multiple Sarcoma, of Twenty Years' Duration.

PMID- 19988044
TI  - Parapsoriasis en plaques.

PMID- 19988045
TI  - Peeling of Skin of Palms and Soles: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988046
TI  - Morphoea with Unusual Degree of Atrophy.

PMID- 19988047
TI  - Neurotic Excoriations.

PMID- 19988048
TI  - Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19988049
TI  - Sarcoma of the Orbital Roof treated with Radium.

PMID- 19988050
TI  - Four Cases of Paget's Disease of Bone Complicated by Fractures.

PMID- 19988051
TI  - Purpura Gangrenosa in Diabetes.

PMID- 19988052
TI  - Gangrene of the Foot in Diabetes.

PMID- 19988053
TI  - Diabetic Coma in a Boy.

PMID- 19988054
TI  - Spontaneous Lactation with Enlargement of the Pituitary Fossa.

PMID- 19988055
TI  - Encapsulated Intrathoracic Tumour.

PMID- 19988057
TI  - Two Cases of Pulmonary Asbestosis.

PMID- 19988056
TI  - Five Cases of Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans treated with Muscle Extract.

PMID- 19988058
TI  - General Enlargement of Lymph Glands; Splenomegaly, Enlargement of Head with
      OEdema of Face.

PMID- 19988059
TI  - Epithelioma of the Larynx. Relief of pain by Alcohol Injection of the Superior
      Laryngeal Nerve.

PMID- 19988060
TI  - Specimen Showing Scar of what had been a Large Gastric Ulcer Healed under Medical
      Treatment a Year Previously.

PMID- 19988061
TI  - Tumour of Neck, (?) Carotid Body Tumour. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988062
TI  - Banti's Disease with Rheumatic Endocarditis.

PMID- 19988063
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx with Pain instantly Relieved by Galvano-cautery.

PMID- 19988064
TI  - Heart Disease Complicating Pregnancy.

PMID- 19988066
TI  - The Treatment of Frontal Sinusitis by Intubation: An Analysis of Sixty-three
      Cases.

PMID- 19988065
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRONTAL SINUSITIS AND ITS TREATMENT: Frontal Sinusitis: A
      Statistical Investigation.

PMID- 19988067
TI  - The Treatment of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19988068
TI  - Two Cases of Multiple Nasal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19988069
TI  - Three Cases showing results of External Frontal Sinus Operation combined with
      Skin Grafting.

PMID- 19988070
TI  - An Unusual Case of Frontal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19988071
TI  - Conjunctivitis.

PMID- 19988072
TI  - Marginal Degeneration of the Cornea.

PMID- 19988073
TI  - Extraction with Conjunctival Bridge.

PMID- 19988074
TI  - Colour-blindness in a Woman, aged 20.

PMID- 19988075
TI  - Cataract from Exposure to X-rays.

PMID- 19988076
TI  - A Series of Urograms of Cases illustrating the Uroselectan Method of Intravenous
      Pyelography.

PMID- 19988077
TI  - Microscopical Appearances of Interstitially Radiated Tissues.

PMID- 19988079
TI  - Radium Necrosis of the Trachea following Insertion of Radon Seeds into a
      Carcinoma of the Thoracic Part of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19988078
TI  - Sarcoma of the Kidney in an Infant.

PMID- 19988080
TI  - Teratoma in the Cheek of a Child, aged 3 weeks, producing a Teratomatous
      Metastasis in bone at the age of 16 months.

PMID- 19988081
TI  - Early Paget's Disease of the Nipple, with an Extensive Carcinoma of the Breast.

PMID- 19988082
TI  - Tuberculoma of Occipital Lobe following Gunshot Wound of Head.

PMID- 19988083
TI  - Tuberculous Empyema Necessitatis. Haemothorax due to Bleeding from a Cavity.

PMID- 19988084
TI  - Diffuse Fibrocystic Disease of Bone, associated with a Parathyroid Tumour.

PMID- 19988085
TI  - Myxo-Fibroma of Mesentery.

PMID- 19988086
TI  - Cystic Osteoclastoma of the Os Innominatum Successfully Treated by Inter-Ilio
      Abdominal Amputation.

PMID- 19988087
TI  - Advanced Carcinoma of Rectum Involving Uterus and Vagina.

PMID- 19988088
TI  - Fibro-Sarcoma of Mesentery.

PMID- 19988089
TI  - Extensive Carcinoma of Colon.

PMID- 19988090
TI  - (7, 8, 9) Three Cases of OEsophageal Diverticula Removed Successfully by Two
      stage Operation.

PMID- 19988092
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INDICATIONS FOR AND THE VALUE OF THE INTRAVENOUS USE OF
      GERMICIDES: Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19988091
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

PMID- 19988093
TI  - Sexual Neurosis.

PMID- 19988094
TI  - The Epidemiology of Human Trypanosomiasis at the Present Time.

PMID- 19988095
TI  - Epicanthus and Bilateral Ptosis.

PMID- 19988097
TI  - Coarctation of Aorta.

PMID- 19988096
TI  - Gaucher's Disease Verified by Splenic Puncture.

PMID- 19988098
TI  - Large Umbilical Hernia in an Infant.

PMID- 19988099
TI  - Generalized Tuberculous Adenitis Simulating Lymphadenoma.

PMID- 19988100
TI  - Rheumatic Aortic Stenosis.

PMID- 19988101
TI  - Haemoptysis. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988102
TI  - Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

PMID- 19988103
TI  - Unusual Case of Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19988104
TI  - Enlargement of Liver-? Sarcoma.

PMID- 19988105
TI  - Sarcoma of the Prostate at the age of 8 years.

PMID- 19988106
TI  - Tuberculous Osteitis of Left Femur.

PMID- 19988107
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE BARBITURATES IN ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19988108
TI  - Internal Ophthalmoplegia with Absent Tendon-jerks.

PMID- 19988109
TI  - The Grasp-reflex of the Foot.

PMID- 19988110
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19988111
TI  - Vesical Calculus passed per Vaginam.

PMID- 19988113
TI  - Observations on the Plasma Bicarbonate and the Value of Alkalies in the Treatment
      of some of the Renal Complications of Pregnancy.

PMID- 19988112
TI  - Chorionepithelioma.

PMID- 19988114
TI  - Episcleritis due to Focal Sepsis.

PMID- 19988116
TI  - Retinitis Proliferans and Retinal Detachment.

PMID- 19988115
TI  - Atypical Nodular Keratitis.

PMID- 19988117
TI  - Left Senile Macular Exudative Retinitis and Right Macular Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19988119
TI  - Recurrent Vascular Keratitis of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19988118
TI  - A Case of Retrobulbar Neuritis, masked by Choroiditis and due to Latent
      Sinusitis.

PMID- 19988120
TI  - Arthroplasty of the Knee.

PMID- 19988121
TI  - Two Cases of Disability at the Wrist-joint following Excision of the Head of the
      Radius.

PMID- 19988122
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Os Calcis and its Bursa.

PMID- 19988124
TI  - Two Cases of Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19988123
TI  - Arthroplasty of Fingers for Malunion of Fractures of Phalanges. Result Two Years
      after Operation.

PMID- 19988125
TI  - Osteochondroma of the Pelvis.

PMID- 19988127
TI  - Osteochondritis Juvenilis of the Lower Ulna Epiphysis.

PMID- 19988126
TI  - Fracture of External Condyle of Femur.

PMID- 19988128
TI  - Generalized Neurofibromatosis and Carcinoma of the Left Breast.

PMID- 19988129
TI  - Generalized Neurofibromatosis in a Boy aged Nine.

PMID- 19988130
TI  - Chronic Abscess in the Neck of the Femur in a Child aged Three Years and a Half.

PMID- 19988132
TI  - Two Cases of Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica Five Years after
      Splenectomy.

PMID- 19988131
TI  - Two Cases of Pigmentation of Skin with Scoliosis.

PMID- 19988133
TI  - Post-mortem Findings in Case Shown on October 10, 1930, as one of Abdominal
      Carcinomatosis with Probable Adrenal Involvement.

PMID- 19988134
TI  - Epithelioma of Tongue. Operation in 1916. No Recurrence.

PMID- 19988135
TI  - Backache due to Fracture of Transverse Process of First Lumbar Vertebra.

PMID- 19988136
TI  - Polycythaemia Vera, with Cerebral Thrombosis.

PMID- 19988137
TI  - Splenic Enlargement in Simple Achlorhydric Anaemia (L. J. Witts).

PMID- 19988138
TI  - Hydatid Cyst of Liver with Rupture into Bronchi.

PMID- 19988139
TI  - Polycythaemia Vera with Nervous and Ocular Disorders.

PMID- 19988140
TI  - Polycythaemia Vera (Vaquez' Disease) treated by Benzol, Roentgen Therapy, and
      Phenylhydrazine. Complications.

PMID- 19988141
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF LIVER IN TREATMENT.

PMID- 19988142
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Middle Ear.
AB  - History.-Primary and secondary types.-Incidence in (a) Phthisical patients, (b)
      Patients with suppurating ears, (c) Children.-Modes of infection: (a) by
      Eustachian tube, (b) by blood-stream.-Signs and symptoms: Painless onset; Early
      appearances of middle-ear; Infiltration of tympanic membrane; Multiple
      perforation; Granulation tissue; Type of discharge.-Examination of discharge and
      of granulation tissue.-Course of disease in middle-ear; Extensions;
      Complications.-Special types: Mastoiditis in children; Tumour formation.
      Deafness.-Reports of twenty cases.

PMID- 19988144
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Middle Ear.

PMID- 19988143
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Middle Ear, as met with in Adults in a Sanatorium.

PMID- 19988145
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Petrous Bone.

PMID- 19988146
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Middle Ear with Bacilli in the Ear Discharge, although Absent
      from the Sputum.

PMID- 19988147
TI  - Nystagmus and Facial Paralysis in a Case of Acute Otitis Media.

PMID- 19988148
TI  - Facial Paralysis with Tuberculosis of the Mastoid. Operation. Recovery from the
      Paralysis.

PMID- 19988149
TI  - Vertigo after Radical Mastoid Operation; cured by Injection of Alcohol into the
      Labyrinth.

PMID- 19988150
TI  - The Injection Treatment of Hydrocele, Varicocele, Bursae, and Naevi.

PMID- 19988151
TI  - The Anatomy of the Spinothalamic Tract in relation to Cordotomy.

PMID- 19988152
TI  - Fat Necrosis of the Breast.

PMID- 19988153
TI  - The Small Incision for Perforation of Peptic and Typhoid Ulcers.

PMID- 19988154
TI  - Prognosis in Fractures of the Carpal Scaphoid.

PMID- 19988155
TI  - Removal of the Stellate Ganglion in Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19988156
TI  - The Present Position of the Radical Abdomino-Perineal Operation for Cancer of the
      Rectum in Regard to Mortality and Post-operative Recurrence.

PMID- 19988158
TI  - Penetrating Injury to the Rectum.

PMID- 19988157
TI  - A Case of Imperforate Anus Relieved by Colostomy in an Infant two days old:
      Closure of the Colostomy at the age of Six Years.

PMID- 19988159
TI  - Imperforate Anus.

PMID- 19988160
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MENTAL SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH CEREBRAL TUMOURS: Joint
      Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19988161
TI  - Monilia of the Tongue, and Syphilis.

PMID- 19988162
TI  - Monilia of the Nails and Alopecia Areata.

PMID- 19988163
TI  - Melanotic Carcinoma Cutis.

PMID- 19988164
TI  - Cutis Verticis Gyrata.

PMID- 19988165
TI  - Group of Three Cases: (1) Acne Conglobata; (2) Acne Cachecticorum; (3)
      Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens.

PMID- 19988166
TI  - Generalized Neurofibromatosis in a boy aged 9.

PMID- 19988168
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19988167
TI  - Ringed Eruption on the Eyelids.

PMID- 19988169
TI  - Bullous Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19988170
TI  - Leiomyoma Cutis.

PMID- 19988171
TI  - Benign Cystic Epitheliomata of Scalp.

PMID- 19988172
TI  - Trichophytide.

PMID- 19988173
TI  - Specimen of Left Lower Limb from Case of Sclerodermia (shown at Meeting held on
      January 15, 1931).

PMID- 19988174
TI  - Sarcoid.

PMID- 19988175
TI  - Old Crush Fracture of Lumbar Vertebrae.

PMID- 19988176
TI  - Large Lymphangioma in a Baby 5 weeks old.

PMID- 19988178
TI  - Patient operated upon for Carcinoma of the Right Side of the Tongue in 1902.

PMID- 19988177
TI  - Megacolon treated by Appendicostomy.

PMID- 19988179
TI  - Complete Colectomy for Adenomatosis.

PMID- 19988180
TI  - Partial Colectomy for Adenomatosis (Polyposis Intestini).

PMID- 19988181
TI  - Cancer of the Rectum Cured by Operation.

PMID- 19988182
TI  - Tracheotomy in an Adult for OEdematous Laryngitis in Scarlet Fever.

PMID- 19988183
TI  - Inequality of the Pulses and Pupils associated with Hypertension and Aortic
      Incompetence.

PMID- 19988184
TI  - Popliteal Aneurysm Six Months after Hunterian Operation.

PMID- 19988186
TI  - Gaucher's Disease.

PMID- 19988185
TI  - Exomphalos.

PMID- 19988187
TI  - Carcinoma of Right Vocal Cord removed by Laryngofissure.

PMID- 19988188
TI  - Papilloma of the Left Vocal Cord in a Case with Pendulous Epiglottis, removed by
      Indirect Method.

PMID- 19988189
TI  - Perichondritis of Larynx secondary to Epithelioma.

PMID- 19988190
TI  - Laryngectomy on account of Epithelioma. Condition after Ten Years.

PMID- 19988191
TI  - Carcinoma of Sinus Pyriformis.

PMID- 19988192
TI  - Carcinoma of Larynx treated with Radium.

PMID- 19988194
TI  - Syphilitic Laryngitis.

PMID- 19988193
TI  - Pachydermia Laryngis.

PMID- 19988195
TI  - Swelling on Right Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19988196
TI  - Syphiloma of Larynx. Treatment by Intravenous Injection of Arsenobillon.

PMID- 19988197
TI  - Pulsating Haemangioma on Dorsum of Nose.

PMID- 19988198
TI  - Tongue showing Inflammation of Glands of Blandin.

PMID- 19988199
TI  - Specimens of Pituitary and Laryngeal Tumours from the same Patient.

PMID- 19988200
TI  - Carcinoma of Pharynx, suggesting Local Control by Diathermy.

PMID- 19988201
TI  - Mask for transillumination; (2) An improved Adenoid Curette; (3) An Adenoid
      Plane.

PMID- 19988202
TI  - Some Notes on English Dentistry in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries:
      (Abstract).

PMID- 19988203
TI  - Some Factors in the Reform in the Treatment of the Insane.

PMID- 19988204
TI  - The Historical Evolution of Oto-Laryngology.

PMID- 19988205
TI  - Some Aspects of the Epidemiology of Venereal Disease.

PMID- 19988206
TI  - A Case of Replantation and the Result after Twelve Years.

PMID- 19988207
TI  - A Case of Unsuccessful Replantation.

PMID- 19988208
TI  - A Cyst of Unusual Size.

PMID- 19988209
TI  - The Importance of Sugar in the Diet of the School Child.
AB  - For many years it has been customary to regard sugar, especially extra allowances
      in the form of "sweets " and "tuck," as harmful to children, particularly with
      regard to the development and health of the teeth.Attention is drawn to the
      possibility that the child's natural desire for such substances has a
      physiological basis which can only be thwarted at considerable risk to the
      general health-that in fact a great deal of minor illness amongst children of
      school age, the nature of which is indicated, is due to a relative insufficiency
      of sugar in the diet.

PMID- 19988210
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INJURIES OF THE EAR ARISING FROM FRACTURES OF THE SKULL.

PMID- 19988211
TI  - Specimen: Cutaneous Horn of the Auricle.

PMID- 19988213
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY, PARTURITION, AND THE PUERPERIUM IN
      TUBERCULOUS WOMEN.

PMID- 19988212
TI  - Incomplete Perforation of the Tympanic Membranes in a Case of Acute Otitis Media.

PMID- 19988214
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of Undescended Testicle in the Horse: (?) Secondary Growths in
      Lung and Mediastinum.

PMID- 19988215
TI  - Tuberculosis Transmitted from Animals to Man: (Abstract).

PMID- 19988216
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF HAEMOPATHIES, INCLUDING LEUKAEMIAS,
      OF MAN AND ANIMALS: The Haemopathies of Laboratory Animals.
AB  - The difference between haemopathies (which originate in the blood-forming
      tissues) and blood-diseases (which develop in the blood-stream) is explained and
      illustrated by examples and specimens.Primary anaemia caused by the hyperplasia
      of the erythroblastic tissues in the marrow occurs in fowls as erythromyelosis.
      This condition can be experimentally transmitted, though inoculation in fowls may
      reproduce the anaemic disease, or give rise to a persistent polyerythrocythaemia.
      On farms erythromyelosis is often, but not always, associated with the cestode,
      Davainea proglottina.Secondary anaemia develops in splenectomized rats following
      the invasion of the erythrocytes by Bartonella muris. The subsequent
      erythrocytolysis may induce haemoglobinuria, similar to that occurring in man and
      cattle as the result of certain haemic infections.Oligoerythrocythaemia is
      frequently seen in fowls associated with leucocythaemia; the deficiency of the
      red blood-corpuscles is due to the pressure on the erythroblastic sinusoids, by
      the proliferation of the myeloblastic or lymphoblastic tissues in the
      marrow.Lymphocythaemia (and lymphomatosis) have been observed in canaries, fowls,
      mice and guinea-pigs. The conditions can be experimentally transmitted within the
      species; inoculation with lymphocythaemic blood may reproduce the haemic type or
      induce the development of scattered tumour-like deposits (lymphomatosis).
      Whichever type of lesion results, the pathological cell unit is one of the
      lymphoblast-lymphocyte series.Fowl leucocythaemia originates through the morbid
      proliferation and premature entry into the circulation of cells of the myeloblast
      granulocyte series. On inoculation in fowls the original leucocythaemia may be
      reproduced; rarely there follows the development of localized deposits of
      myeloblastic cells in the skin.As these diseases of the blood-forming system, and
      those occurring in man and cattle offer many striking resemblances, it may be
      suggested that the determination of the origin of the particular type of cell
      encountered should serve as guide to diagnosis and classification in all
      haemopathies.

PMID- 19988217
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SCABIES AND RINGWORM AS TRANSMISSIBLE BETWEEN ANIMALS AND MAN:
      Joint Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19988218
TI  - Some Observations on the Pathogenesis of Eczema of Internal Origin and other
      Allergic Diseases.

PMID- 19988219
TI  - Intra-uterine Amputation of the Leg.

PMID- 19988220
TI  - Compound Comminuted Fracture of the Vault of the Skull Three Years after the
      Injury.

PMID- 19988222
TI  - Extreme Cyanosis, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Polycythaemia, and Partial Block
      of a Branch of the Bundle of His.

PMID- 19988221
TI  - Bilateral Apophysitis of the Os Calcis.

PMID- 19988223
TI  - Chronic Constipation (? Cause) Cured by Administration of Pituitary Whole Gland.

PMID- 19988225
TI  - Congenital Abnormalities at or near the Upper End of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19988224
TI  - Large Fibrous Tumour in the Deep Regions of the Face. (Subsequent upon Fracture
      of the Skull.).

PMID- 19988226
TI  - Obstruction at the Upper End of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19988227
TI  - Carcinoma of Upper End of OEsophagus. External Exposure and Insertion of Radon
      Seeds.

PMID- 19988228
TI  - Two Cases of Dysphagia and Anaemia.

PMID- 19988229
TI  - Atrophic OEsophagitis in Region of Crico-pharyngeal Fold.

PMID- 19988230
TI  - Dysphagia associated with Anaemia.

PMID- 19988231
TI  - Dysphagia caused by Inflammatory Swelling of Larynx.

PMID- 19988233
TI  - Inflammatory Swelling of Ary-epiglottic Folds.

PMID- 19988232
TI  - Carcinoma at Upper End of OEsophagus, following Intrinsic Carcinoma of Larynx,
      apparently cured for Ten Years.

PMID- 19988234
TI  - Early Epithelioma from Pharyngeal Surface of Cricoid Cartilage.

PMID- 19988235
TI  - Post-cricoid Carcinoma.

PMID- 19988236
TI  - Post-cricoid Carcinoma treated with Radium. Specimen.

PMID- 19988238
TI  - OEsophagus with Congenital Stenosis at Entrance.

PMID- 19988237
TI  - Dysphagia Secondary to Carcinoma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19988239
TI  - Osteoma of Ethmoid.

PMID- 19988241
TI  - Endothelioma of Maxilla and Pterygo-maxillary Fossa.

PMID- 19988240
TI  - Laryngeal Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988242
TI  - Recurring Pain after Frontal Sinus Operation, relieved by Injection of Eucaine
      beta Solution by means of Hartmann's Frontal Sinus Cannula.

PMID- 19988243
TI  - Killian Operation performed by the Exhibitor Twenty-three Years ago for Left
      Frontal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19988244
TI  - Foreign Body Perforating at Level of Crico-pharyngeal Fold.

PMID- 19988245
TI  - The "Ovipositor" Radon Seed Implanter.

PMID- 19988246
TI  - Thyro-hyoid Pharyngeal Fistula following Cut Throat.

PMID- 19988247
TI  - A Direct Laryngoscope.

PMID- 19988248
TI  - OEsophageal Speculum.

PMID- 19988249
TI  - Some Principles Underlying Prognosis in Schizophrenia.

PMID- 19988250
TI  - The Eidetic Image-An Undertone of Psychosis. Introduction to a Future Inquiry.

PMID- 19988251
TI  - Excretion Urograms of Hydronephrosis before and after Pyeloplasty.

PMID- 19988252
TI  - and II.-Left Kidney and Ureter (Nephro-Ureterectomy in a Case of Calculous
      Disease).

PMID- 19988253
TI  - (Nephrectomy in a Case of Advanced Calculous Disease.).

PMID- 19988254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988256
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988259
TI  - Papilloma of Ureter.

PMID- 19988260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988263
TI  - Radiology of the Heart.

PMID- 19988265
TI  - Venereal Prophylaxis in the Services.

PMID- 19988264
TI  - Jean Baptiste Bouillaud (1796-1881). A Pioneer in Cardiology and Neurology.

PMID- 19988267
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SIMPLE ULCERS OF THE BODY OF THE STOMACH.

PMID- 19988266
TI  - The Scope and Uses of Vital Records in the Tropics.

PMID- 19988268
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIETS IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES.

PMID- 19988269
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE ADAPTATION OF EUROPEAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN TO TROPICAL CLIMATES:
      Joint Discussion No. 6.

PMID- 19988270
TI  - Jaw-Winking Phenomenon (Marcus Gunn). With Cinematographic Demonstration.

PMID- 19988271
TI  - Microscopic Sections from Case of Gaucher's Disease.

PMID- 19988272
TI  - Congenital Obliteration of the Bile-ducts.

PMID- 19988273
TI  - Pubertas Praecox.

PMID- 19988274
TI  - Partial Hemi-Hypertrophy.

PMID- 19988275
TI  - Teratoma of Ovary.

PMID- 19988276
TI  - Teratoma of Lung.

PMID- 19988277
TI  - Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy in a Girl.

PMID- 19988278
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19988279
TI  - Two Cases of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

PMID- 19988280
TI  - Periostitis. ? Cause.

PMID- 19988281
TI  - Gigantism (Acromegalic in Type).

PMID- 19988282
TI  - A Midget.

PMID- 19988283
TI  - Post-mortem Findings in a Case shown at the Meeting held on March 27, 1931, as
      one of "Enlargement of the Liver. ? Sarcoma".

PMID- 19988284
TI  - Pre-systolic Murmur, possibly not due to Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19988285
TI  - Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans of Lower Limbs with attacks of Urticaria and
      Angioneurotic OEdema.

PMID- 19988286
TI  - Sycosis Treated by Intradermal Injections of Staphylococcal Vaccine.

PMID- 19988288
TI  - The Treatment of Sycosis by Intradermal Injections of Staphylococcal Vaccines.

PMID- 19988287
TI  - Lichen Planus Atrophicus.

PMID- 19988289
TI  - Rhinoplasty after Lupus of the Nose.

PMID- 19988291
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Mycosis Fungoides of Internal Organs.

PMID- 19988290
TI  - Vitiligo or Lichen Planus Atrophicus.

PMID- 19988292
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19988293
TI  - Granulosis Rubra Nasi (Jadassohn).

PMID- 19988294
TI  - Generalized Eruption: Improvement after Treatment with Injections of Solganol B.
      Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988295
TI  - Eruptive Hydradenoma (Darier-Jacquet).

PMID- 19988296
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19988297
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult.

PMID- 19988299
TI  - Lichen Planus Atrophicus.

PMID- 19988298
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19988300
TI  - Acute Necrosis of the Liver following Avertin Narcosis of a Cat.

PMID- 19988301
TI  - The Pathology of Hypovitaminosis and Hypervitaminosis D and its Application to an
      Explanation of the Mode of Action of the Vitamin.

PMID- 19988302
TI  - A Selective Medium for the Cultivation of Streptococci from Milk Samples:
      (Abstract).

PMID- 19988303
TI  - The Practical Significance of the Protein-Content of the Plasma.

PMID- 19988304
TI  - Post-fixed Brachial Plexus.

PMID- 19988305
TI  - Unusual Radiographic Appearances in the Ilium.

PMID- 19988306
TI  - Ulnar Palsy occurring thirty-five years after a Fracture of the External Condyle
      of the Humerus.

PMID- 19988307
TI  - Arteriovenous Aneurysm of the Posterior Tibial Vessels following Operation for
      Stabilizing the Foot.

PMID- 19988308
TI  - Charcot's Disease Occurring Simultaneously in the Elbow-joint and in an Ununited
      Fracture of the Same Limb.

PMID- 19988309
TI  - Osteochondromata of the Femur and Pelvis.

PMID- 19988310
TI  - Congenital Deformities of the Lower Urinary Tract.

PMID- 19988311
TI  - Eruptions involving the External Auditory Meatus.

PMID- 19988312
TI  - Four Cases showing Movements of Tympanic Membrane on Respiration.

PMID- 19988313
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MINOR HEAD INJURIES.

PMID- 19988314
TI  - Radiation in Relation to Human and Animal Nutrition. With a Theory as to the
      Nature of Vitamins.

PMID- 19988315
TI  - The Crux of Epidemiology.

PMID- 19988316
TI  - Thomas Trapham-(Cromwell's Surgeon)-and Others.

PMID- 19988317
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INJECTION TREATMENT OF PILES.

PMID- 19988318
TI  - Cerebro-macular Degeneration.

PMID- 19988319
TI  - Medulloblastoma (?).

PMID- 19988320
TI  - Cerebello-Pontine Angle Tumour.

PMID- 19988321
TI  - Encephalitis of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19988323
TI  - Atrophic Sclerosis; Cerebral Hemiatrophy.

PMID- 19988322
TI  - Epiloia.

PMID- 19988324
TI  - Aneurysm of the Anterior Communicating Artery of the Brain.

PMID- 19988325
TI  - Gland Grafting in Veterinary Practice.

PMID- 19988326
TI  - Preventive Vaccination Against Tuberculosis with BCG.

PMID- 19988327
TI  - Secondary Radiation from Bone.

PMID- 19988328
TI  - Pyelography.

PMID- 19988329
TI  - Backache and Cervical Infection.

PMID- 19988330
TI  - The Treatment of Chronic Arthritis by Blood Transfusion.

PMID- 19988331
TI  - Two Unusual Electro-cardiograms.

PMID- 19988332
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE RELATIVE VALUE OF THE INDUCTION OF PREMATURE LABOUR, TEST
      LABOUR AND CAESAREAN SECTION IN THE TREATMENT OF MINOR DEGREES OF CONTRACTED
      PELVIS.

PMID- 19988333
TI  - Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology.

PMID- 19988334
TI  - Modern Methods of Treatment of Intestinal Amoebiasis.

PMID- 19988335
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER.

PMID- 19988337
TI  - Sinusitis and its Radiological Demonstration.

PMID- 19988336
TI  - Congenital Shortening of the OEsophagus and the Thoracic Stomach Resulting
      Therefrom.

PMID- 19988338
TI  - Treatment of Cicatricial Stenosis of the OEsophagus by Autodilatation.

PMID- 19988339
TI  - A Permanent Tracheostomy in Stenosis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19988340
TI  - The Head of an Egyptian Mummy.

PMID- 19988341
TI  - Evidences against the Theory of the Metabolic Properties of Human Enamel.

PMID- 19988342
TI  - A Specimen showing "Pink Spot".

PMID- 19988343
TI  - Still's Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19988345
TI  - Three Cases of Complete Heart Block in Children.

PMID- 19988344
TI  - The Incidence of Juvenile Cardiac Rheumatism in the West of England.

PMID- 19988346
TI  - Macular Detachment in Iridocyclitis.

PMID- 19988347
TI  - A Fatal Case of Acute Puerperal Inversion of the Uterus.

PMID- 19988348
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic Inversion of the Uterus.

PMID- 19988349
TI  - The Value of the Pregnancy Reaction of Zondek and Aschheim in Diagnosis and
      Prognosis of Chorion Epithelioma.

PMID- 19988350
TI  - Chronic Suppuration of Left Frontal and Ethmoidal Sinuses cured by External
      Operation after Eight Intranasal Interventions.

PMID- 19988351
TI  - Occlusion of Naso-pharynx.

PMID- 19988352
TI  - Large Papilloma of Uvula.

PMID- 19988353
TI  - Epithelioma of Vocal Cords Four Years after Operation.

PMID- 19988355
TI  - Permanent Tracheostomy in a Case of Lupus of the Larynx.

PMID- 19988354
TI  - OEsophageal Spasm.

PMID- 19988356
TI  - Stenosis of Larynx due to Lupus, now being treated by Progressive Dilatation.

PMID- 19988357
TI  - Sarcoma of the Trachea.

PMID- 19988358
TI  - Permanent Tracheostomy in Laryngeal Stenosis.

PMID- 19988359
TI  - Laryngeal Obstruction in a Man suffering from Lymphatic Leukaemia (Specimen).

PMID- 19988360
TI  - The Larynx-A Site of Infection in Certain Diseases of the Lymphatic Glands:
      Demonstration of Specimens.

PMID- 19988361
TI  - Specimen of Tumour removed from Tonsil.

PMID- 19988362
TI  - Colloid Cyst of the Thyro-glossal Tract. Specimen dissected out.

PMID- 19988364
TI  - Epithelioma of Left Vocal Cord.

PMID- 19988363
TI  - Endothelioma of the Tonsil, with Vincent's Organism.

PMID- 19988366
TI  - Broncho-OEsophagoscope.

PMID- 19988365
TI  - Osseous New Growth of Ethmoid.

PMID- 19988367
TI  - A Warty Condition of the Areolae Papillaris having Superficial Resemblance to
      Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19988368
TI  - Annular Centrifugal Erythema ("Erytheme Annulaire Centrifuge," Darier, 1916).

PMID- 19988369
TI  - Pellagra.

PMID- 19988370
TI  - Lichen Planus of Limbs and Scalp.

PMID- 19988372
TI  - Case of Atrophoderma following Salvarsan Dermatitis.

PMID- 19988371
TI  - Naevus Anaemicus of Hand.

PMID- 19988373
TI  - Telangiectasia.

PMID- 19988375
TI  - Eruption on Feet. ? Erythema Elevatum Diutinum (Crocker). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988374
TI  - Atrophic Lichen Planus with Morphoea-like Lesions.

PMID- 19988376
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus with Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19988377
TI  - Lichen Planus with Unusual Tongue Lesion.

PMID- 19988378
TI  - Case of Mycosis Fungoides treated by Radon Seeds.

PMID- 19988380
TI  - Ambulance Transport in Undeveloped Countries.

PMID- 19988379
TI  - Full Denture Prosthesis.

PMID- 19988381
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PHYSICS OF SOUND AND THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HEARING.

PMID- 19988382
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MILK-BORNE STREPTOCOCCUS EPIDEMICS: Joint Discussion No. 7.

PMID- 19988383
TI  - President's Address: The General Register Office.

PMID- 19988384
TI  - Renal Dwarfism and Rickets.

PMID- 19988385
TI  - Traumatic Separation of the Small Trochanter.

PMID- 19988386
TI  - Tumour of Testicle.

PMID- 19988387
TI  - Multiple Aneurysms, involving the Thoracic Aorta, the Common Carotid, Subclavian
      and Axillary Arteries.

PMID- 19988388
TI  - An Elderly Man, who formerly for many years suffered from Angiitis Obliterans
      ("Buerger's Disease").

PMID- 19988389
TI  - Congenital Jaundice in an Elderly Man-probably belonging to the Congenital
      Haemolytic Group.

PMID- 19988390
TI  - Generalized Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19988391
TI  - An Anaemic Breakdown or Crisis in a Child, not connected with definite Congenital
      Haemolytic Jaundice-Rapid Recovery.

PMID- 19988392
TI  - Erythraemia, with Frequent Jaundice, apparently of Haemolytic Nature. Slow
      Recovery from Extremely Severe Haematemesis.

PMID- 19988393
TI  - Cardiac Malformation with Compensatory Polycythaemia. ? Septal Deficiency.

PMID- 19988394
TI  - Two Cases of Advanced Unilateral Pulmonary Tuberculosis successfully treated by
      Thoracoplasty.

PMID- 19988395
TI  - "Idiopathic" Spontaneous Pneumothorax with Complete Lung Expansion within One
      Month.

PMID- 19988396
TI  - President's Address: Van Helmont, Chemist, Physician, Philosopher and Mystic.

PMID- 19988397
TI  - President's Address: Operative Procedure for Cysts of the Jaws.

PMID- 19988398
TI  - Pseudo-Glioma of the Retina. Massive Exudate.

PMID- 19988399
TI  - Coats' Disease.

PMID- 19988400
TI  - Megalophthalmos.

PMID- 19988401
TI  - Some Selected Cases of Reconstructive Surgery in the Orbital Region.

PMID- 19988402
TI  - Aberrant Cilia.

PMID- 19988403
TI  - Episcleritis due to Focal Sepsis.

PMID- 19988404
TI  - Multiple Exostoses in a Mother and Two Children.

PMID- 19988405
TI  - President's Address: Some Observations on Bone Tumours.

PMID- 19988406
TI  - Recurring Dislocation of the Right Shoulder-joint.

PMID- 19988407
TI  - Rupture of the Axillary Vein.

PMID- 19988409
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA FOR DIATHERMY AND ENDOSCOPY.

PMID- 19988408
TI  - The Work of Richard Lower (1631-1691).

PMID- 19988410
TI  - Pachymeningitis Haemorrhagica Interna.

PMID- 19988411
TI  - Nutritional Anaemia treated with Copper.

PMID- 19988412
TI  - Physical Allergy. A Localized and Generalized Allergic Type of Reaction to Cold.

PMID- 19988413
TI  - Scorbutic Haemorrhage Beneath Periosteum of Femur.

PMID- 19988414
TI  - Tuberculous Type of Erythema Nodosum.

PMID- 19988415
TI  - Thrombocytopenic Type of Primary Purpura in an Infant aged 5 Weeks.

PMID- 19988416
TI  - Streptococcal or Rheumatic Type of Erythema Nodosum.

PMID- 19988417
TI  - Right Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19988418
TI  - Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Post-mortem Record.

PMID- 19988419
TI  - Persistent Haematuria.

PMID- 19988420
TI  - Two Cases of Familial Cerebral Diplegia with Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19988421
TI  - Marble Bones (Albers-Schonberg Disease).

PMID- 19988422
TI  - "Idiopathic" Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19988423
TI  - Muscular Atrophy of Doubtful Origin.

PMID- 19988424
TI  - Plasma-celled Myelomatosis.

PMID- 19988425
TI  - Large Dental Cyst in Lower Jaw.

PMID- 19988426
TI  - Carcinoma of Palate.

PMID- 19988427
TI  - Hemihypertrophy and Cutaneous Telangiectasia.

PMID- 19988429
TI  - Displacement of Heart. Tumour of Lung.

PMID- 19988428
TI  - Report on Case of Tumour of Testis shown at last Meeting.

PMID- 19988430
TI  - Trophovasomotor Disturbances with Mottling of the Skin in an old case of Heine
      Medin's Disease. Results of Treatment.

PMID- 19988432
TI  - Patelia Bipartita.

PMID- 19988431
TI  - Cysticercus Cellulosae and Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19988433
TI  - Fibrosis of the Lung and Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19988435
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GLANDULAR FEVER.

PMID- 19988434
TI  - Essential Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haemorrhagica in a Girl.

PMID- 19988436
TI  - President's Address: The Unity of Medicine.

PMID- 19988437
TI  - President's Address: Psychology and Psychiatry.

PMID- 19988438
TI  - The Pathology of Dental Cysts.

PMID- 19988439
TI  - Three Avian Fibro-sarcomata.

PMID- 19988440
TI  - Lichen Plano-Pilaris.

PMID- 19988442
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988441
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus with Cicatricial Alopecia.

PMID- 19988443
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides Acuta (Parapsoriasis Guttata) without Varicelliform
      Lesions.

PMID- 19988444
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides Varioliformis et Acuta.

PMID- 19988445
TI  - Two Cases of Striae Atrophicae following Typhoid Fever.

PMID- 19988446
TI  - Diffuse Symmetrical Granuloma. ? Sarcoid.

PMID- 19988448
TI  - Leuconychia.

PMID- 19988447
TI  - Occupational Stigmata.

PMID- 19988450
TI  - Widespread Streptococcal Dermatitis.

PMID- 19988449
TI  - Widespread Superficial Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19988451
TI  - Poikiloderma Atrophicans Vasculare. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988453
TI  - Two Cases of Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19988452
TI  - Poikiloderma Vasculare of Jacobi.

PMID- 19988454
TI  - Congenital Ectodermal Defects.

PMID- 19988455
TI  - Unilateral Paralysis of the Palate, Larynx, Pharynx, and Neck Muscles.

PMID- 19988456
TI  - Palatal, Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Paralysis, possibly due to Polio-encephalitis.

PMID- 19988457
TI  - Paralysis of the Pharynx, caused by Tuberculosis of the Petrous Bone.

PMID- 19988458
TI  - Palatal and Pharyngeal Paresis.

PMID- 19988459
TI  - Paralysis of the Pharynx, caused by Lymphadenoma.

PMID- 19988461
TI  - Syringomyelia with Paralysis of the Right Half of the Soft Palate and Right
      Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.

PMID- 19988460
TI  - Paralysis of the Left 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Cranial Nerves.

PMID- 19988462
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of Maxilla.

PMID- 19988464
TI  - Carcinoma of Superior Maxilla and Ethmoid.

PMID- 19988463
TI  - Squamous-celled Carcinoma of the Maxillary Antrum and Ethmoid. Operation-Deep X
      ray Therapy. No Recurrence Five Years Later.

PMID- 19988465
TI  - Spheroidal-celled Carcinoma of Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19988466
TI  - Swelling over Left Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19988467
TI  - Ulceration and Scarring of Soft Palate and Pharynx.

PMID- 19988468
TI  - Epithelioma of Soft Palate treated by Radium.

PMID- 19988469
TI  - Postnasal Hyperplasia, apparently Hereditary.

PMID- 19988470
TI  - Swelling on Tubercle of Epiglottis. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988471
TI  - Specimen of a Right Subglottic Carcinoma in a Larynx removed nearly Five Years
      after the Onset of Hoarseness.

PMID- 19988472
TI  - Tuberculosis of Larynx.

PMID- 19988473
TI  - Prominence of the Cartilages of Santorini and Wrisberg accompanied by Chronic
      Laryngitis.

PMID- 19988474
TI  - Syphilitic Stricture of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19988475
TI  - Neoplasm of Larynx.

PMID- 19988476
TI  - Nodule on Right Vocal Cord. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988477
TI  - Amoebic Abscess of the Liver: Its Diagnosis and Treatment. A Clinical Study.

PMID- 19988478
TI  - Operative Procedures in Amoebic Abscess of the Liver based on Recent Experiences.

PMID- 19988479
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MEDICAL INDICATIONS FOR PREMATURE TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY: Joint
      Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19988480
TI  - Electro-surgery of the Bladder Neck.

PMID- 19988481
TI  - William Budd; a Forgotten Epidemiologist.

PMID- 19988482
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NERVOUS DYSPEPSIA.

PMID- 19988483
TI  - Recent Advances in Deep X-ray Therapy in Non-malignant and Malignant Uterine
      Disease.

PMID- 19988484
TI  - Methods of Obstetric Diagnosis and Treatment at the Rotunda Hospital in 1909,
      compared with 1929.

PMID- 19988485
TI  - Spondylitis in Twins.

PMID- 19988486
TI  - Idiopathic Hydrarthrosis.

PMID- 19988487
TI  - Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19988488
TI  - Arthritis Associated with Graves' Disease.

PMID- 19988490
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of the Corpus Cavernosum.

PMID- 19988489
TI  - Bilateral Osteo-Arthritis of Hips with High Blood Uric Acid.

PMID- 19988491
TI  - Lymphoma of the Vermiform Appendix.

PMID- 19988492
TI  - Fibromyoma of the Kidney.

PMID- 19988493
TI  - Haemangioma in the Spleen.

PMID- 19988494
TI  - (II) Tuberculous Epididymitis.

PMID- 19988495
TI  - (I) Spermatocytoma.

PMID- 19988496
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of the Thyroid.

PMID- 19988497
TI  - (III) Duodenal Ulcer.

PMID- 19988498
TI  - President's Address: Some Landmarks in the History of Rectal Surgery.

PMID- 19988500
TI  - The Physical Phenomena Occurring in the Semicircular Canals during Rotatory and
      Thermic Stimulation.

PMID- 19988499
TI  - President's Address: Obesity.

PMID- 19988501
TI  - Erythema Perstans.

PMID- 19988502
TI  - Lichen Planus, Lichen Spinulosus and Cicatricial Alopecia. (2) Lichen
      Scrofulosorum. (3) Micro-sporide simulating Lichen Spinulosus.

PMID- 19988503
TI  - Unilateral Vascular Naevus (Angio-elephantiasis).

PMID- 19988504
TI  - Arsenical Pigmentation of Unusual Extent and Severity in a Case of Pruriginous
      Dermatitis of the Besnier Type.

PMID- 19988505
TI  - Dystrophy of the Nails and Finger-tips.

PMID- 19988506
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19988508
TI  - Granulosis Rubra Nasi (Jadassohn).

PMID- 19988507
TI  - Smoker's Tongue in a Woman.

PMID- 19988509
TI  - Chrysanthemum Dermatitis.

PMID- 19988510
TI  - Sarcoma of Right Orbit: After Operation.

PMID- 19988511
TI  - Osteoma of Neck of Femur.

PMID- 19988513
TI  - Gaucher's Disease: Splenectomy.

PMID- 19988512
TI  - Bilateral Snapping Knee.

PMID- 19988514
TI  - Lymphadenoma with Intermittent Pyrexia (Pel-Ebstein Type).

PMID- 19988515
TI  - Raynaud's Disease, Sclerodermia, Telangiectases, Paroxysmal Eye Troubles and
      Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19988516
TI  - Diverticulum of the Duodenum.

PMID- 19988517
TI  - Aneurysm of Aorta with Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19988518
TI  - Congenital Cerebellar Ataxia with Auditory Aphasia.

PMID- 19988519
TI  - Lymphadenoma with Involvement of the Spinal Cord.

PMID- 19988521
TI  - Carcinoma of the Male Breast.

PMID- 19988520
TI  - Erythromelalgia-like Symptoms with High Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19988522
TI  - Osteoma of Ilium.

PMID- 19988523
TI  - Giant Papilloma of the Face.

PMID- 19988524
TI  - Sarcoma of Leg.

PMID- 19988525
TI  - Intermittent Claudication in a Woman.

PMID- 19988526
TI  - Massive (? Active) Pulmonary Collapse following Pneumonia.

PMID- 19988527
TI  - Intrathoracic Tuberculous Abscess as a Sequel to Pleurisy with Effusion.

PMID- 19988528
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19988529
TI  - Allergic Enuresis.

PMID- 19988530
TI  - Infantilism with Local Overgrowth.

PMID- 19988531
TI  - Renal Rickets.

PMID- 19988532
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19988533
TI  - Mikulicz's Syndrome.

PMID- 19988534
TI  - An Infant with Deformed Ears.

PMID- 19988535
TI  - Large Ovarian Cyst in a Girl aged 8 years.

PMID- 19988536
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE X-RAY DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE CHEST.

PMID- 19988537
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE HYPOPHARYNX.

PMID- 19988538
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx.

PMID- 19988539
TI  - Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx.

PMID- 19988540
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of Post-cricoid Area.

PMID- 19988541
TI  - Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma treated by Deep X-rays. Freedom from Recurrence for Four
      Years.

PMID- 19988542
TI  - Carcinoma of Lateral Pharyngeal Wall.

PMID- 19988543
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of Pyriform Fossa treated by X-rays.

PMID- 19988545
TI  - Carcinoma of Pharyngeal Wall Removed by Lateral Pharyngotomy.

PMID- 19988544
TI  - Carcinoma of Vallecula involving Epiglottis and Lateral Pharyngeal Wall.

PMID- 19988547
TI  - Post-cricoid Papilloma.

PMID- 19988546
TI  - Carcinoma of Hypopharynx.

PMID- 19988548
TI  - Pharyngeal Ulceration (Bilateral). Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988550
TI  - Resuscitation during Anaesthesia and of the Newly-born.

PMID- 19988549
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION IN VIRUS DISEASES.

PMID- 19988552
TI  - Early Sarcoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19988551
TI  - Tuberculosis of Lachrymal and Accessory Lachrymal Gland.

PMID- 19988553
TI  - A Worm-like Structure in the Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19988554
TI  - Gonorrhoeal Conjunctivitis quickly cured.

PMID- 19988555
TI  - Cataract in an Acetone Worker.

PMID- 19988556
TI  - Right Epibulbar Growth.

PMID- 19988557
TI  - Left Epibulbar Growth.

PMID- 19988558
TI  - Some Points in the Fitting of Contact-Glasses.

PMID- 19988559
TI  - The Use of Antiseptics in Ophthalmology.

PMID- 19988560
TI  - Graphs illustrating Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19988561
TI  - Plexiform Angeioma.

PMID- 19988563
TI  - Fractured Base of Skull, with Severe Complications. Recovery.

PMID- 19988562
TI  - Tumour of (?) Meninges causing Ear Symptoms and Involvement of Certain Cranial
      Nerves.

PMID- 19988564
TI  - Recovery after Meningitis with Haemolytic Streptococci in the Cerebrospinal Fluid
      under Direct Observation.

PMID- 19988565
TI  - Specimen of a Temporal Bone, with Congenital Absence of the External Auditory
      Meatus.

PMID- 19988566
TI  - Keloid of Mastoid Scar.

PMID- 19988567
TI  - An Unusual Case of Zygomatic Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19988568
TI  - Acute Mastoiditis and Meningitis with Streptococci observed on Direct Examination
      of the Cerebrospinal Fluid.

PMID- 19988569
TI  - Cholesteatoma in Aural Suppuration: Its Relation to Prognosis.

PMID- 19988570
TI  - Cholesteatoma and Epithelioma: Specimen.

PMID- 19988571
TI  - Cholesteatoma Exposing the Lateral Sinus.

PMID- 19988572
TI  - Cholesterol Metabolism.

PMID- 19988573
TI  - Healed Marginal Perforation of Posterior Half of Membrana Tympani: Specimen.

PMID- 19988574
TI  - The Energy Exchanges in Muscle and Nerve: Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 19988575
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS.

PMID- 19988576
TI  - A Piece of Slippery Elm Removed from the Bladder.

PMID- 19988577
TI  - Enlarged Prostate.

PMID- 19988578
TI  - Tuberculous Kidney.

PMID- 19988579
TI  - Nephro-Uretero-Cystectomy for Widespread Papillomatosis.

PMID- 19988581
TI  - Foreign Bodies found in the Bladder.

PMID- 19988580
TI  - Angioma of Epididymis.

PMID- 19988582
TI  - Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19988584
TI  - Focal Nephritis Simulating Haemangeioma.

PMID- 19988583
TI  - Specimens from Two Cases of Total Cystectomy.

PMID- 19988585
TI  - Chronic Priapism due to Carcinoma of Corpora Cavernosa.

PMID- 19988586
TI  - Prostatic Pouch associated with Congenital Spinal Deformity.

PMID- 19988587
TI  - Two Cases of Total Cystectomy.

PMID- 19988588
TI  - Leucoplakia of the Bladder.

PMID- 19988589
TI  - Migration of an Hour-glass Renal Calculus.

PMID- 19988591
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INNERVATION OF THE BLADDER.

PMID- 19988590
TI  - Horseshoe Kidney.

PMID- 19988592
TI  - The Bearing of Recent Research on the Sex Hormones on Clinical Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology.

PMID- 19988593
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma (Grape-like Sarcoma) of the Cervix. Specimen.

PMID- 19988594
TI  - Two Cases of Spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 19988596
TI  - Sarcoma of the Foot.

PMID- 19988595
TI  - Osteitis of the Tarsal Scaphoid (Bilateral). ? Cause.

PMID- 19988597
TI  - Cerebral Diplegia-Its Classification and Prognosis.

PMID- 19988598
TI  - Spontaneous Hyperaemic Dislocation of the Atlas.

PMID- 19988599
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY OF TUMOURS.

PMID- 19988601
TI  - The Experience of Time in Mental Disorder.

PMID- 19988600
TI  - Hypnosis and Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19988602
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE THERAPEUTIC ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE.

PMID- 19988603
TI  - The History of the Recognition of Tuberculosis as a factor in Bone and Joint
      Surgery.

PMID- 19988604
TI  - Alfred Higginson and His Syringe: with a Side-glance at the Clyster.

PMID- 19988605
TI  - Some Meteorological Factors which may affect Health.

PMID- 19988606
TI  - Preliminary Investigation of the Influence of Raw Milk on Teeth and Lymphoid
      Tissue.

PMID- 19988607
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa (telangiectatic variety) in an Adult.

PMID- 19988608
TI  - Cutis Verticis Gyrata.

PMID- 19988609
TI  - Scleroderma in a Tuberculous Subject.

PMID- 19988610
TI  - Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 19988611
TI  - Cicatricial alopecia.

PMID- 19988612
TI  - Poikiloderma of Civatte.

PMID- 19988613
TI  - Parapsoriasis.

PMID- 19988614
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Nipple Associated with Diffuse Carcinomatosis of the Chest
      Wall.

PMID- 19988615
TI  - Seborrhoeic Verrucae and Multiple Basal-celled Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19988616
TI  - Leiomyoma.

PMID- 19988617
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988618
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus with Bullae.

PMID- 19988619
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus. (Telangiectatic form).

PMID- 19988621
TI  - Symmetrical Systematized Naevus.

PMID- 19988620
TI  - Cavernous Naevus treated by Radon Seeds.

PMID- 19988622
TI  - Poikiloderma (Civatte) following Toxic Erythema.

PMID- 19988623
TI  - Some Aspects of Industrial Medicine.

PMID- 19988624
TI  - Opacity of the Cornea.

PMID- 19988625
TI  - Retinitis Punctata, ? Albescens.

PMID- 19988627
TI  - Retinal Detachment-Gonin's Operation with Foster-Moore Stud.

PMID- 19988626
TI  - Metastatic Carcinoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19988628
TI  - Right and Left Endothelial Dystrophy of the Cornea.

PMID- 19988629
TI  - Punctate Keratitis. ? Nature.

PMID- 19988630
TI  - Naevus of Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19988631
TI  - Separation of Berger's Layer of the Lens Capsule.

PMID- 19988632
TI  - Glaucoma Capsulo-Cuticulare.

PMID- 19988633
TI  - Chronic Glaucoma with Buphthalmos.

PMID- 19988634
TI  - Chronic Glaucoma.

PMID- 19988635
TI  - Right old Choroidal Atrophy with Left Choroido-retinitis juxta papillaris.

PMID- 19988637
TI  - Coat's Disease; (2) Blue sclerotics and fragilitas ossium; (3) Parinaud's
      conjunctivitis; (4) Sympathetic uveitis; (5) Stargardt's disease.

PMID- 19988636
TI  - Reflex Iridoplegia with "Myotonic Reaction" of Pupils.

PMID- 19988638
TI  - Retinitis Pigmentosa with Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19988639
TI  - Four Cases of Typical well-marked Disciform Degeneration of the Maculae.

PMID- 19988640
TI  - Arachnodactyly.

PMID- 19988641
TI  - Disciform Degeneration of Maculae.

PMID- 19988642
TI  - Injury to Superior Oblique Muscle.

PMID- 19988643
TI  - Congenital Absence of all Four Puncta.

PMID- 19988644
TI  - Recent Research Work in Deep Sea Diving.

PMID- 19988645
TI  - The Plasma Phosphatase in Rickets and Scurvy.

PMID- 19988646
TI  - Three Cases of Obstruction of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19988648
TI  - Case showing effect of Nirvanol on Subacute Rheumatism.

PMID- 19988647
TI  - Severe Acute Haemoglobinuria in a Boy.

PMID- 19988649
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of the Ulna.

PMID- 19988650
TI  - Dermoid Cyst of Brain.

PMID- 19988651
TI  - Heart Disease with Abdominal Systolic Murmur. Coarctation of Aorta.

PMID- 19988652
TI  - Suprapituitary Cyst.

PMID- 19988653
TI  - Obesity and Hirsutes of ? Adrenal Origin.

PMID- 19988654
TI  - The Primary Lung Focus of Tuberculosis in Children.
AB  - Of 1,800 consecutive autopsies on children whose ages ranged from a few hours to
      between 12 and 13 years, and who lived in Glasgow and the West of Scotland, 283
      (15.7%) were found to have tuberculous lesions.-Of the total tuberculous cases,
      the lungs or tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes were the seat of tuberculous lesions
      in 173 (61.1%), and of these 168 (97.1%) died as a result of the tuberculous
      disease.-A primary lung lesion was found in 148 of the cases classified as having
      the primary site of infection in the thorax. The primary lung lesion consisted of
      a localized patch of caseous broncho pneumonia and in the great majority of cases
      was single. Calcification of these lesions was unusual and only about one-third
      showed evidence of surrounding fibrosis, the incidence of which increased with
      the age of the children.-Most of the primary lung lesions were subpleural in
      position and the right lung was more often the seat of such lesions than the
      left; the right upper lobe being most frequently involved and then, in order, the
      right lower, left upper, left lower, and right middle.-The tuberculous adenitis
      in the tracheo-bronchial glands was related both anatomically and pathologically
      to the primary lesion in the lungs, the involvement of the glands being secondary
      to the lung lesion.-In 25 of the cases considered as primary thoracic infections,
      no primary lung lesions were found.-In a series of cases in which the type of
      infection was investigated, 173 human and 3 (2.7%) bovine strains were found in
      cases with the primary site of the infection in the thorax.-Only human strains
      were obtained from cases with primary lung lesions.-These findings were in marked
      contrast to those found in children in the same series with the primary site of
      infection in the abdomen where 81.8% of the infecting bacilli were of the bovine
      type, and also in cases of bone and joint tuberculosis-a blood-borne infection,
      in which 34.6% of the causal organisms were bovine strains.-From the pathological
      and bacteriological evidence, it is concluded that the focus described as the
      primary lung lesion is indeed such, and that it is due to direct infection of the
      lungs through the air passages.

PMID- 19988655
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE HEAD INJURIES: Joint
      Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19988656
TI  - The Velocity of Lysis and Clumping during B. typhosus Immunization in man.

PMID- 19988657
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SOME PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF X-RAY DOSAGE IN MALIGNANT
      DISEASE: The Measurement of Penetrating Radiations in Therapy.

PMID- 19988659
TI  - Dosage of X-rays in Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19988658
TI  - Old and New Theories with Regard to X-ray Dosage in Cancer.

PMID- 19988661
TI  - Haemorrhagic Hepatitis: AEtiology unknown.

PMID- 19988660
TI  - Right-sided Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19988662
TI  - Pott's Disease of the 4th and 5th Lumbar Vertebrae.

PMID- 19988664
TI  - Enlargement of Patella, of Doubtful Origin.

PMID- 19988663
TI  - Sclerema Neonatorum.

PMID- 19988665
TI  - Polycythaemia Anaemica secondary to Congenital Cardiac Septal Defect, in
      association with an Anaemia-producing Agent.

PMID- 19988667
TI  - Multiple Naevi of the Hand.

PMID- 19988666
TI  - Gaucher's Disease.

PMID- 19988668
TI  - Bilateral Auricular Fistula.

PMID- 19988669
TI  - Congenital Deformity of the Large Arteries.

PMID- 19988670
TI  - Obesity, ? Nature.

PMID- 19988671
TI  - Association of Extensive Haemangiomatous Naevus of the Skin with Cerebral
      (Meningeal) Haemangioma.

PMID- 19988672
TI  - Cyanosis probably due to Delay in Evolution of the Blood-forming Mechanism.

PMID- 19988673
TI  - An Enormous Left Renal Tumour.

PMID- 19988674
TI  - Old-standing Facial Paralysis treated by Removal of the Inferior Cervical
      Ganglion of the Sympathetic.

PMID- 19988675
TI  - Milroy's Disease.

PMID- 19988676
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19988677
TI  - Specimen of Coarctation of Aorta.

PMID- 19988678
TI  - An old Case of Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19988679
TI  - Orthostatic OEdema of the Dorsum of both Feet of the Nonne and Milroy type.

PMID- 19988680
TI  - Intrathoracic Growth of Uncertain Nature.

PMID- 19988681
TI  - Result of Whitehead's operation for Carcinoma of the Tongue Nineteen Years Ago.

PMID- 19988683
TI  - Haemolymphangeioma of Tongue.

PMID- 19988682
TI  - Severe Prolapse of Rectum, which has resisted all forms of operative treatment.

PMID- 19988685
TI  - Suprarenal Virilism (Pubertas Praecox).

PMID- 19988684
TI  - Striae Atrophicae following Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19988686
TI  - Unequal Radial Pulses with Intermittent Claudication of Right Leg.

PMID- 19988687
TI  - Cough completely relieved by shortening of elongated Uvula.

PMID- 19988688
TI  - Abdominal Tumour: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988690
TI  - DISCUSSION ON GONORRHOEA AND OTHER CERVICAL DISCHARGES.

PMID- 19988689
TI  - DISCUSSION ON B. WELCHII INFECTIONS IN ANIMALS AND MAN.

PMID- 19988691
TI  - Implantation Cyst of Iris following Cataract Extraction.

PMID- 19988692
TI  - Severe Pannus of the Cornea. ?Trachoma: Case previously shown (November, 1927).

PMID- 19988693
TI  - Double Optic Atrophy and Monocular Vertical Nystagmus (Left).

PMID- 19988694
TI  - A Demonstration of the Structure of the Lateral Eyes of the Adult Sphenodon.

PMID- 19988695
TI  - Sarcoma of the Choroid: Further Report on Case Previously Shown.

PMID- 19988696
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE COMMON COLDS AND THEIR SEQUELAE.

PMID- 19988698
TI  - Endothelioma of Naso-pharynx treated by Radium.

PMID- 19988697
TI  - Epithelioma of Pharynx treated by Diathermy.

PMID- 19988699
TI  - Acute Pansinusitis with Proptosis of Eye. Recovery without Operation.

PMID- 19988700
TI  - Some Medical Problems of Mustard Gas Poisoning.

PMID- 19988701
TI  - Aural Vertigo.

PMID- 19988702
TI  - The Pathology of Deaf-Mutism.

PMID- 19988703
TI  - Towards the Prevention of Deaf-Mutism: A Review of Forty Years' Progress.

PMID- 19988704
TI  - A Case of Spontaneous Fracture of the Mandible.

PMID- 19988705
TI  - The Surgical Treatment of Pyorrhoea Alveolaris.
AB  - (1) The technique of eradicating the pockets and occasionally trimming the
      alveolar margin is described. (2) Instruments designed for the operation are
      illustrated. (3) The whole mouth can be treated at one sitting. (4) The flap
      operation, in which the gum is reflected before scraping the alveolus and finally
      sutured, is not advisable. (5) Pyorrhoea can be eradicated by surgical measures
      in cases favourable for treatment. (6) Recurrence of the disease is due to: (a)
      Lack of suitable preliminary treatment. (b) Insufficient attention to detail when
      performing the operation. (c) Lack of suitable post-operative care by dental
      surgeon or patient. (d) Selection of cases not suitable for operation.

PMID- 19988706
TI  - A Case of Proliferation of Bone in the Maxilla and Mandible.

PMID- 19988707
TI  - Loss of Calcium Salts from the Dentine of a Dog, associated with Abnormality of
      the Parathyroids.

PMID- 19988708
TI  - Scorbutic Gums in an Adult.

PMID- 19988709
TI  - Synthetic Anti-Malarial Preparations.

PMID- 19988711
TI  - Multiple Erythematoid Benign Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19988710
TI  - President's Address: Some Points in Connection with the Successful Issue of
      Simple Prostatectomy.
AB  - The patient before operation is trained by an experienced nurse in the art of
      thoracic respiration.-Deep anaesthesia during the actual enucleation of the
      growth of the prostate.-The scrotum and penis must be kept well up on the abdomen
      after the operation, and a suspensory bandage must be provided for the patient on
      discharge.-1 c.c. of pituitrin is injected immediately after the operation.-The
      first post-operative dressing is not done for twenty-four hours after the
      operation. No catheter is used after the operation, except very occasionally. The
      slightest sign of post-operative disease of the air-passages should be treated
      adequately, and immediately.

PMID- 19988712
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19988713
TI  - Xanthoma Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19988714
TI  - Eczema of the Tongue: Geographical Tongue.

PMID- 19988715
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum.

PMID- 19988716
TI  - Ichthyosis with Familial Tylosis and Multiple Rodent Ulcers.

PMID- 19988717
TI  - Erosions and Ulcers of the Tongue. ? Tuberculous.

PMID- 19988719
TI  - Guttate Scleroderma.

PMID- 19988718
TI  - Benign Lymphogranulomatosis.

PMID- 19988721
TI  - Post-Traumatic Alopecia Areata.

PMID- 19988720
TI  - An Unusual Form of Erythema Multiforme Centrifugum Perstans. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988722
TI  - Seborrhoeic Verrucae and Multiple Basal-celled Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19988724
TI  - Endothelioma of Lymph Nodes.

PMID- 19988723
TI  - Thoracic Exposure of the Diaphragm and Lower OEsophagus.

PMID- 19988726
TI  - Two Specimens of Carcinoma of the Caecum removed by a Modification of the
      Classical Method of Ileocaecal Resection.

PMID- 19988725
TI  - Fractures of the Head of the Radius.

PMID- 19988727
TI  - Carcinoma (Grade 4) of the Rectum.

PMID- 19988729
TI  - Endothelioma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19988728
TI  - Ischio-rectal Abscess.

PMID- 19988730
TI  - Specimen of Endothelioma of Rectum.

PMID- 19988731
TI  - Specimen of Secondary Sarcoma of the Pelvic Colon removed by Abdomino-perineal
      Excision.

PMID- 19988732
TI  - Specimen of Recurrent Procidentia with Diverticulosis.

PMID- 19988733
TI  - Extensive Prolapse of Rectum: Second Degree.

PMID- 19988734
TI  - Tumour of Recto-Vaginal Septum.

PMID- 19988735
TI  - Demonstration of South African Tuberculoid Leprosy.

PMID- 19988736
TI  - Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans (Parkes Weber).

PMID- 19988737
TI  - Acanthosis Nigricans (Forme Fruste).

PMID- 19988738
TI  - Fox Fordyce Disease.

PMID- 19988740
TI  - Tuberculides of the Acnitis Type and Commencing Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19988739
TI  - Pustular Psoriasis: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988742
TI  - Two Cases of Pustular Psoriasis with Arthritis.

PMID- 19988741
TI  - Bowen's Disease with Prickle-celled Carcinoma and associated with Psoriasis.

PMID- 19988743
TI  - Congenital Hairy Tuft associated with Spina Bifida Occulta.

PMID- 19988745
TI  - An Unusual Condition of the Gums, associated with Mild, Intractable Cheilitis:
      Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988744
TI  - Papillomatosis Pigmentata (Gougerot-Clara-Bonnin type).

PMID- 19988746
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988748
TI  - Alcmaeon of Croton: His Life, Work, and Fragments.

PMID- 19988747
TI  - Lymphangioma Circumscriptum.

PMID- 19988749
TI  - The History of the Introduction of Biochemistry into Medicine: (Abridged).

PMID- 19988750
TI  - Sinusitis with Orbital Swelling Treated by Antral Lavage.

PMID- 19988751
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre. Diathermy Removal of Tonsils. General Symptoms Improved.

PMID- 19988752
TI  - Recurrent Papilloma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19988753
TI  - Frontal Sinusitis; Orbital Cellulitis; Insular Panostitis three inches away;
      Recovery.

PMID- 19988754
TI  - Intrinsic Carcinoma of Larynx: Laryngofissure: (?) Recurrence.

PMID- 19988755
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF THE SUPPURATING MAXILLARY ANTRUM.

PMID- 19988756
TI  - The Operative Closure of Oro-Maxillary Fistulae.

PMID- 19988757
TI  - Two Cases of Adolescent Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19988758
TI  - Synovial Angioma of the Knee-joint.

PMID- 19988759
TI  - Congenital Abnormality of Tibia and Fibula (Posterior Angulation).

PMID- 19988760
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FRACTURES IN THE REGION OF THE ANKLE-JOINT.

PMID- 19988761
TI  - Myeloma of Tendon Sheath.

PMID- 19988762
TI  - Traumatic Dislocation of the Hip in a Child, aged 7, with Subsequent Development
      of Coxa Plana.

PMID- 19988763
TI  - The Phenomena of Regeneration in Peripheral Nerves after Suture.

PMID- 19988764
TI  - Curare in Man.

PMID- 19988765
TI  - Herpes Zoster involving Left Quadratus Lumborum and Oblique Muscles, with
      Complete Reaction of Degeneration. Lumbar Pseudo-Hernia in Region of Scars.

PMID- 19988767
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ABSCESS OF THE LUNG: Joint Discussion
      No. 3.

PMID- 19988766
TI  - Modern Physiotherapeutic Measures.

PMID- 19988768
TI  - The Epidemiology of Streptococcal Infections.

PMID- 19988769
TI  - Anaesthesia for Major Throat Operations.

PMID- 19988770
TI  - Right Hemihypertrophy and Pubertas Praecox.

PMID- 19988771
TI  - Trigeminal Naevus and Homolateral Pial Angioma.

PMID- 19988772
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital OEdema.

PMID- 19988773
TI  - Specimen: A Teratoid Tumour Successfully Removed from the Belly of an Infant.

PMID- 19988775
TI  - Right Temporal Meningocele in an Infant.

PMID- 19988774
TI  - Specimen: The Stomach of an Infant Twenty-nine Weeks after Operation for
      Hypertrophic Stenosis of the Pylorus (Rammstedt).

PMID- 19988776
TI  - Spina Bifida Occulta with Hypertrichosis.

PMID- 19988777
TI  - Two Cases of Essential Purpura Haemorrhagica Six Years after Splenectomy.

PMID- 19988778
TI  - Familial Acholuric Jaundice, without increased Fragility of Red Cells.

PMID- 19988779
TI  - Elephantiasis Treated by Kondoleon's Operation.

PMID- 19988780
TI  - Erythraemia or Erythro-leukaemia.

PMID- 19988781
TI  - Diffuse Pulmonary Fibrosis.

PMID- 19988782
TI  - "Rheumatic" Episcleritis and Arthritis.

PMID- 19988783
TI  - Sclerodermia and Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19988784
TI  - Adrenal Neurocytoma with Cranial Metastases (Hutchison's Type of Suprarenal
      Sarcoma).

PMID- 19988785
TI  - Arteriovenous Aneurysm of the Hand in a Child.

PMID- 19988786
TI  - The X-ray Treatment of Chronic Mastitis and Certain Leukaemias.

PMID- 19988787
TI  - Recent Advances in the X-ray Treatment of Asthma and Rheumatism.

PMID- 19988788
TI  - Naked-eye Diagnosis: The Method of Ectoscopy of Dr. Eduard Weisz.

PMID- 19988789
TI  - Pulsating Exophthalmos.

PMID- 19988791
TI  - Congenital Nuclear Hypoplasia of the Facial and Oculomotor Nuclei, with other
      Congenital Abnormalities.

PMID- 19988790
TI  - Cerebral Tumour.

PMID- 19988792
TI  - Cyst. ? Tumour on the Iris.

PMID- 19988793
TI  - Shrunken Lens for two years in the Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19988794
TI  - Two cases of ? Doyne's Familial Choroiditis.

PMID- 19988795
TI  - Secondary Carcinoma of the Orbit.

PMID- 19988796
TI  - Exfoliation of the Iris Stroma, with Aplasia of the Anterior Mesodermal Layer.

PMID- 19988797
TI  - Haemangioma of Retina.

PMID- 19988798
TI  - Differential Diagnosis of certain White Deposits seen in the Fundus.

PMID- 19988799
TI  - Traumatic Periostitis of Orbit: Further Note on Case shown November 13, 1931, as
      one of Dacryoadenitis.

PMID- 19988800
TI  - The Results of Treatment of Injuries about the Elbow.

PMID- 19988801
TI  - A Study of Induced Malignant Tertian Malaria.

PMID- 19988803
TI  - Some Sources of Misunderstanding in Psychopathology: (Author's Abstract).

PMID- 19988802
TI  - The Principles of Psychiatric Classification : (Author's Abstract).

PMID- 19988804
TI  - The Place of Psychology in the Medical Curriculum.

PMID- 19988805
TI  - Investigation and Treatment of Certain Cases of Disease of Muscles and Nerves.

PMID- 19988807
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease, treated by Excision of the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion.

PMID- 19988806
TI  - Abdominal Sympathectomy for Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19988808
TI  - Primary Hypertension in a Child.

PMID- 19988810
TI  - Aphonia and Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19988809
TI  - Juvenile Neurosyphilis, with Pupillary Changes as the sole Clinical
      Manifestation.

PMID- 19988811
TI  - Intra-uterine Fractures.

PMID- 19988812
TI  - Renal Dwarfism.

PMID- 19988813
TI  - Three Cases of Familial Congenital Cystic Disease of Kidney and Liver.

PMID- 19988814
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19988815
TI  - Fusion of Middle-third of the First and Second Ribs.

PMID- 19988816
TI  - Pseudo-hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19988817
TI  - An Evaluation of the Incidence of and the Maternal Disability following Eclampsia
      and Albuminuria.

PMID- 19988819
TI  - Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19988818
TI  - Granulosal-Cell Tumours of the Ovary.

PMID- 19988821
TI  - Thymoma.

PMID- 19988820
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY.
AB  - (1) No branch of radiology requires more careful attention to technique and
      detail than gall-bladder radiology.-(2) The X-ray examination should always
      include (a) a preliminary examination, (b) cholecystography, (c) barium meal, in
      this sequence.-(3) A number of gall-stones can be shown on the preliminary
      radiograph, and a further number on the cholecystograph, but there still remains
      a proportion which cannot be seen by X-ray examination. The greater the care
      taken in technique, the smaller will be the number of gall-stones not indicated.
      (4) The radiographic demonstration of gall-stones does not necessarily mean that
      the lesion causing the patient's illness has been discovered. Gall-stones may
      exist without causing marked symptoms. They may produce symptoms which are
      atypical.-(5) The dye can be administered (i) by the mouth, (ii) intravenously.
      The former is now the best routine method of examination, though the latter still
      remains the more accurate.-(6) Non-filling of the gall-bladder in about 96% of
      cases indicates a pathological condition of the gall-bladder, often accompanied
      by stones, though these may not be shown on the radiograph.-(7) Poor filling of
      the gall-bladder on repeated examination also indicates a pathological condition
      of the gall-bladder. (8) A good gall-bladder shadow, which is normal in shape,
      size and position, uniform in outline and density, which contracts after a meal
      to a much smaller size, in a high percentage of cases indicates a normal gall
      bladder. A small proportion of such gall-bladders may be diseased, and may even
      contain a small collection of stones.-(9) Any abnormality in the area of the gall
      bladder before or after it has been filled with dye should be investigated by
      further radiographs taken according to the type of abnormality seen. (10) It has
      been demonstrated that a large collection of gall-stones in the gall-bladder can
      be passed into the intestine by way of the ducts.-(11) Complete gall-bladder
      radiology enables us to give a fairly accurate opinion as to the condition of the
      gall-bladder.

PMID- 19988822
TI  - Skiagram of Cholecystography before the Days of Gall-bladder Dye.

PMID- 19988823
TI  - A Case illustrating the Importance, when examining the OEsophagus, of seeing the
      Patient in the Recumbent, as well as the Erect, Position.

PMID- 19988824
TI  - Skiagram of a Localized Pleural Effusion on the Left Side.

PMID- 19988825
TI  - Interlobar Empyema without Chest Symptoms.

PMID- 19988826
TI  - The AEtiology and Treatment of Heat Exhaustion and Heat Hyperpyrexia, with
      special reference to Experiences in Iraq.

PMID- 19988827
TI  - A Case of Acusticus Tumour in which both Auditory Nerves were Involved by
      Separate Growths.

PMID- 19988828
TI  - Pathological Changes in the Auditory Nerve in Otosclerosis and their Significance
      Clinically, especially with regard to Paracusis Willisii.

PMID- 19988829
TI  - Two Cases of Endothelioma of the Middle Ear.

PMID- 19988830
TI  - Auditory Nerve Tumour.

PMID- 19988831
TI  - Specimen of a Temporal Bone, with Pus in the Mastoid Antrum, from an Infant dying
      from Diarrhoea and Vomiting.

PMID- 19988832
TI  - Herpes Zoster Oticus, with involvement of the Vestibular Nerve.

PMID- 19988833
TI  - A Mastoid Operation performed through a Meatal Incision.

PMID- 19988834
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MILK FEVER, OR HYPOCALCAEMIA IN PARTURIENT COWS AND SIMILAR
      CONDITIONS IN OTHER ANIMALS AND MAN.

PMID- 19988835
TI  - Collagenous Degeneration: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988837
TI  - Tinea Versicolor of the Trunk and Groins Simulating Erythrasma.

PMID- 19988836
TI  - Swelling and Discoloration of Lips: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988838
TI  - Granulomatous Eruption in an Infant: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988839
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa with Cutis Hyper-elastica.

PMID- 19988840
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum; Case for diagnosis.

PMID- 19988842
TI  - Disseminated Hypodermic Carcinomatous Nodules.

PMID- 19988841
TI  - Cornu Cutaneum Manus.

PMID- 19988843
TI  - Multiple Sebaceous Cysts, Recurrent since Infancy in a Middle-aged Woman.

PMID- 19988844
TI  - Sarcoid.

PMID- 19988845
TI  - Lichenoid Patches interspersed with Retiform Telangiectases: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988846
TI  - Superficial Scleroderma.

PMID- 19988847
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19988848
TI  - Painful Redness of Feet from Arterial Stenosis, or more probably, Erythromelie
      (F. J. Pick).

PMID- 19988849
TI  - Present Situation in France of Biological Prophylaxis and Treatment in certain
      Contagious Diseases, especially Whooping-cough and Measles.

PMID- 19988850
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MOUTH-BREATHING AND NASAL OBSTRUCTION.

PMID- 19988851
TI  - The Preface of Andreas Vesalius to De Fabrica Corporis Humani 1543.

PMID- 19988852
TI  - Experimental and Clinical Investigations on the Respiratory Changes of Blood
      pressure.

PMID- 19988853
TI  - Tubal Gestation as seen by the Gynaecologist: An Analytical Study of Certain
      Aspects, Clinical and Pathological, of a Consecutive Series of 146 cases.

PMID- 19988854
TI  - Two Cases of Simultaneous Intra- and Extra-Uterine Pregnancy, with a Review of
      the Recorded Cases.

PMID- 19988855
TI  - Struma Ovarii (Thyro-Dermoid). A Note on the Teratomatous Origin.

PMID- 19988857
TI  - Toxic Jaundice (Syphilitic).

PMID- 19988856
TI  - A Specimen of Implantation Endometrioma.

PMID- 19988859
TI  - A Rare Primary Osseous Dystrophy.

PMID- 19988858
TI  - Splenic Anaemia, with Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Cirrhosis of Liver.

PMID- 19988860
TI  - Allergic Headache.

PMID- 19988862
TI  - Coeliac Disease.

PMID- 19988861
TI  - Congenital Multiple Lipomata. Loss of Memory.

PMID- 19988863
TI  - Pathological Fracture of Tibia.

PMID- 19988864
TI  - Choledocho-Duodenal Fistula.

PMID- 19988865
TI  - Embryonal Adenocarcinoma of Kidney.

PMID- 19988867
TI  - Rachitic Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19988866
TI  - Lymphatic Leukaemia, simulating Aplastic Anaemia.

PMID- 19988868
TI  - Advanced Arthritis, with much Destruction of the Elbow-joint.

PMID- 19988870
TI  - Juvenile Tabes Dorsalis with Normal Pupillary Reactions.

PMID- 19988869
TI  - Lipoma in the Left Submaxillary Region.

PMID- 19988872
TI  - Two Cases of Slight Polycythaemia with Latent Jaundice.

PMID- 19988871
TI  - Unilateral Proptosis: Tumour of Optic Nerve.

PMID- 19988873
TI  - Manipulation as a Therapeutic Measure.

PMID- 19988874
TI  - Transplantation of the Ureters into the Large Intestine.

PMID- 19988875
TI  - Scarlet Fever: An Effort in Preventive Medicine.

PMID- 19988876
TI  - Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Pyrexia.

PMID- 19988877
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC DESENSITIZATION IN ALLERGIC DISEASES.

PMID- 19988878
TI  - A Complex Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19988881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988879
TI  - A Case of Two Buried Lower Molars.

PMID- 19988883
TI  - Subconjunctival Prolapse of Iris: Dislocated Lens. ? Berger's Capsular Layer in
      Pupil. Good Vision.

PMID- 19988884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988894
TI  - Post-Operative Labyrinthitis. Subsequent Meningitis. Recovery after Vestibulotomy
      without Meningeal Drainage.

PMID- 19988896
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma: Acute Labyrinthitis and
      Meningitis. Recovery after Radical Mastoid Operation.

PMID- 19988895
TI  - Fistula Symptom in Simple Acute Otitis Media.

PMID- 19988897
TI  - Cholesteatoma which performed a Radical Operation.

PMID- 19988898
TI  - Keloid in Post-aural Scar, treated with Radium. Cure.

PMID- 19988899
TI  - Labyrinthitis, a Complication of Middle Ear Suppuration: A Clinical and
      Pathological Study.

PMID- 19988900
TI  - A Case of Simultaneous Bilateral Labyrinthitis.

PMID- 19988901
TI  - Chromophobe cell Adenoma of the Pituitary Gland, associated with Dystrophia
      Adiposo-genitalis, in a Maiden Bitch.
AB  - (1) What appears to be the first case of a chromophobe-cell adenoma of the
      pituitary gland in an animal is described.(2) The tumour in a maiden bitch, aged
      9 years, was associated with depression of the sexual functions for two years,
      atrophy of the ovaries and vulva, gross adiposity and progressive emaciation.(3)
      No abnormality was found in the skin and skeleton.

PMID- 19988902
TI  - Chondroma of the Frontal Bone of a God.

PMID- 19988903
TI  - Three Cases of Heterotopic Deposits of Thyroid Tissue in the Dog.

PMID- 19988905
TI  - Fusion of the Thyroid Glands in a Dog.

PMID- 19988904
TI  - Tuberculosis in a Blackbird (Turdus merula).

PMID- 19988906
TI  - A Note on the Incidence of Contagious Bovine Abortion in Great Britain.

PMID- 19988907
TI  - Nephromata in Hens of the Same Strain.

PMID- 19988908
TI  - Aeris, the New name suggested for "Laughing Gas" and Its Adjuvants.

PMID- 19988910
TI  - Two Cases of Food Inhalation.

PMID- 19988909
TI  - Delusional Insanity following Nembutal-Ether Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19988911
TI  - Unusual Sequela of Tracheal Intubation.

PMID- 19988912
TI  - Portable Case for de Caux-McKesson Apparatus.

PMID- 19988913
TI  - Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis.

PMID- 19988914
TI  - Primary Lupus of Larynx.

PMID- 19988915
TI  - Lupus of Palate, Pharynx and Larynx.

PMID- 19988916
TI  - Lupoid Ulceration of Pharynx.

PMID- 19988917
TI  - Previous Tuberculosis of Larynx.

PMID- 19988918
TI  - Melanotic Tumour of Right Ethmoid.

PMID- 19988919
TI  - Hypertrophic Carcinoma of Epiglottis, treated by Radium.

PMID- 19988920
TI  - Concretion in Nose.

PMID- 19988921
TI  - Specimen of Sphenoid Showing Suppuration.

PMID- 19988922
TI  - Intractable Pain following Sinusitis.

PMID- 19988923
TI  - A Series of Patients illustrating the Results of Bronchoscopic Treatment.

PMID- 19988924
TI  - Pansinusitis with Orbital Cellulitis. Pyaemic Infection. Osteomyelitis of Frontal
      Bone. Operation. Recovery.

PMID- 19988926
TI  - Carcinoma of Tonsil.

PMID- 19988925
TI  - Perforating Foreign Body Causing Rupture of Common Carotid Artery.

PMID- 19988927
TI  - Retro-pharyngeal Abscess with Unusual Symptoms.

PMID- 19988928
TI  - Endothelioma of the Tonsil; Addendum to Case Exhibited Previously.

PMID- 19988929
TI  - Lymphangioma Circumscriptum.

PMID- 19988931
TI  - The Size and Shape of the Heart in Goitre.

PMID- 19988930
TI  - Acute OEsophagitis in Infant.

PMID- 19988932
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19988934
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides Acuta.

PMID- 19988933
TI  - Scleroderma with Atrophy of the Subcutaneous Tissue and Muscle.

PMID- 19988935
TI  - Warty Growth on the Glans Penis.

PMID- 19988936
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19988937
TI  - Cheilitis Exfoliativa.

PMID- 19988939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988938
TI  - Canities in a Youth aged 17.

PMID- 19988940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988942
TI  - Favus of the Scalp.

PMID- 19988941
TI  - Historic Case of Epithelioma on Lupus Vulgaris of Seventy-nine Years Duration.

PMID- 19988943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19988944
TI  - Carcinoma Erysipelatodes.

PMID- 19988945
TI  - Pseudo-xanthoma Elasticum. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988946
TI  - Telangiectasia: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988947
TI  - Leiomyoma: Photomicrographs.

PMID- 19988948
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TEACHING OF OBSTETRICS.

PMID- 19988949
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FREQUENCY OF MICTURITION IN WOMEN: Joint Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19988950
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: Joint Discussion
      No. 5.

PMID- 19988952
TI  - Tuberculous Empyema.

PMID- 19988951
TI  - Epidemiological Notes on Some Tropical Mycoses.

PMID- 19988953
TI  - Modern Methods of Alleviating the Pains of Child-birth.

PMID- 19988955
TI  - Some Clinical Observations in connection with the Causation of Deformities of the
      Dental Arches.

PMID- 19988954
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SOME PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE
      RHEUMATIC INFECTION.

PMID- 19988956
TI  - Ano-Rectal Fistulae.

PMID- 19988957
TI  - Bilateral Transplantation of Ureters and Colostomy for Vesico-vaginal and Vesico
      rectal Fistulae.

PMID- 19988958
TI  - Calculi formed in the Renal Substance: Specimen.

PMID- 19988960
TI  - Hydronephrosis with inadequate Ureter. Specimen.

PMID- 19988959
TI  - Hydronephrosis with Secondary Calculi: Specimen.

PMID- 19988961
TI  - Ureterogram of a Case of Valvular Obstruction at the Lower End of the Left Ureter
      in a boy aged 12.

PMID- 19988962
TI  - Diverticulum of the Male Urethra associated with Diverticulum of the Bladder.

PMID- 19988963
TI  - Perinephric Inflammation.

PMID- 19988964
TI  - Carcinoma of the Kidney. Specimen.

PMID- 19988965
TI  - Anomalous Kidneys. Specimens.

PMID- 19988966
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MEGALOCYTIC ANAEMIAS OF TROPICAL AND NON-TROPICAL COUNTRIES:
      Joint Discussion No. 6.

PMID- 19988968
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis. Transposition of the Aorta and Patent Interventricular
      Septum.

PMID- 19988967
TI  - Tay's "Guttate Choroiditis".

PMID- 19988969
TI  - Trigeminal Naevus and Haemangioma of Meninges.

PMID- 19988970
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19988971
TI  - Atelectatic Bronchiectasis and Displacement of Heart.

PMID- 19988972
TI  - Icterus Neonatorum: Congenital Obliteration of Bile Ducts: Specimen.

PMID- 19988973
TI  - Abdominal Foetal Implantation.

PMID- 19988974
TI  - Congenital Malformation of Heart: Specimen.

PMID- 19988976
TI  - Naevo-neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19988975
TI  - Calcifying Periosteal Haemorrhage, following Scurvy.

PMID- 19988977
TI  - Ulceration of Mucous Membranes: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988979
TI  - Complete Alopecia Areata in an Infant.

PMID- 19988978
TI  - Rare Type of von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19988980
TI  - Extensive Lupus Erythematosus with Subsequent Carcinoma of Lower Lip.

PMID- 19988981
TI  - Swelling on Right Cheek: Case for Diagnosis. ? Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19988982
TI  - Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19988983
TI  - Cicatricial Alopecia following Impetigo of Scalp.

PMID- 19988984
TI  - Erythema Elevatum Diutinum.

PMID- 19988985
TI  - The Morphology of State Medicine in Great Britain.

PMID- 19988986
TI  - DISCUSSION ON REFERRED PAIN: Pain Referred to the Ear (Author's Abstract).

PMID- 19988987
TI  - Referred Pain.

PMID- 19988988
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TYPES OF NASAL INFLAMMATION WHICH PRODUCE INFLAMMATORY
      CONDITIONS OF THE EAR.

PMID- 19988989
TI  - Some Changes and Problems in Urology.

PMID- 19988991
TI  - DISCUSSION ON URINARY COMPLICATIONS OF DISEASES OF THE LARGE INTESTINE: Joint
      Discussion No. 8.

PMID- 19988990
TI  - DISCUSSION ON INFECTION IN THE DORMITORY: Joint Discussion No. 7.
AB  - (1) An attempt is made to show that infection in the dormitory is of paramount
      importance in most of the epidemics which occur in boarding schools and
      residential institutions. (2) The conditions in dormitories which favour a rapid
      and easy transmission of infection are: proximity of beds, deficient and not
      "cross" ventilation, insufficient floor space, "dead" space in ceiling, and
      "dead" corners. More than two rows of beds are to be deprecated. (3) The
      occurrence of epidemic tonsillitis or of serious complications of measles and
      influenza, and, bacteriologically, the presence of high carrier rates of
      haemolytic streptococci, may indicate the presence of such conditions in
      dormitories. (4) The minima suggested by the Board of Education (a) for
      dormitories and (b) for sanatorium wards or sick rooms are important for the
      prevention of the spread of infection.

PMID- 19988992
TI  - An Account of Mosquito-proofing carried out by the Royal Air Force in India:
      President's Address.

PMID- 19988993
TI  - Osteopathy: President's Address.

PMID- 19988994
TI  - Some Surgical Experiences Relative to Disorders of the Lens: President's Address.

PMID- 19988995
TI  - Congenital Dislocation of Lenses with General Developmental Abnormality of
      Arachnodactylic Type.

PMID- 19988996
TI  - Congenital Dislocation of both Lenses Upwards.

PMID- 19988997
TI  - Pemphigus of Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19988999
TI  - A Scotometer Protractor.

PMID- 19988998
TI  - Two Cases of Myotonic Pupil (Atypical).

PMID- 19989000
TI  - A Pocket Slit-Lamp.

PMID- 19989001
TI  - Robert Knox, Anatomist, Scientist, and Martyr.

PMID- 19989002
TI  - Rupture of the Quadriceps Femoris in a Woman aged 68.

PMID- 19989004
TI  - Chronic Synovitis of the Left Knee-joint.

PMID- 19989003
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Humerus and Clavicle, associated with Graves' Disease.

PMID- 19989005
TI  - Xerophthalmia-xerostomia.

PMID- 19989006
TI  - Lumbar Hernia.

PMID- 19989007
TI  - Two Cases of Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxy.

PMID- 19989008
TI  - Persistent OEdema of Both Legs.

PMID- 19989009
TI  - Sarcoma of Nose.

PMID- 19989010
TI  - Hypertrophy of Right Lower Limb.

PMID- 19989011
TI  - Persistent OEdema of Right Lower Limb.

PMID- 19989013
TI  - The History of the Recognition of a New Venereal Disease, Comprising Climatic
      Bubo, Lymphogranuloma Inguinale, Esthiomene, Chronic Elephantiasis and Ulceration
      of the Vulva, the Genito-ano-rectal Syndrome, Inflammatory Stricture of the
      Rectum: President's Address.

PMID- 19989012
TI  - Response of Bone to Stress: President's Address.

PMID- 19989014
TI  - Paraplegia Associated with Scoliosis: (Further report on case previously shown).

PMID- 19989015
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Left Hip, treated by Extra-articular Arthrodesis by means of
      a Tibial Graft; subsequent Fracture of the Graft followed, however, by Sound
      Union.

PMID- 19989016
TI  - Multiple Fatty Herniae of the Feet.

PMID- 19989018
TI  - Epiphysitis of Upper End of Femur, associated later with ? Clutton's Joints.

PMID- 19989017
TI  - Dupuytren's Contraction of Plantar Fascia.

PMID- 19989019
TI  - Spondylitis Deformans: Its Differential Diagnosis and Treatment by Physical
      Methods.

PMID- 19989020
TI  - The Problem of Schizophrenia: President's Address.

PMID- 19989021
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989022
TI  - Tinea Imbricata in a European.

PMID- 19989023
TI  - Phenolphthalein Eruption.

PMID- 19989024
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus cured by Injections of Solganol B which resulted in
      Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis from which the patient nearly died.

PMID- 19989026
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa of the Telangiectatic Type in an Adult.

PMID- 19989025
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of Unusual Type and Distribution.

PMID- 19989027
TI  - Hypoaemic (Anaemic) Naevus of the Trunk with Hypochromic Naevus of the Hairy
      Scalp.

PMID- 19989028
TI  - Persistent Swelling of Lower Lip.

PMID- 19989029
TI  - Multiple Foreign-body Granuloma.

PMID- 19989030
TI  - Acute Circumscribed Allergic OEdema with Urticaria.

PMID- 19989032
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989031
TI  - Poikiloderma (Jacobi).

PMID- 19989033
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides d'Emblee.

PMID- 19989034
TI  - Dystrophy of Skin: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989035
TI  - Drug Eruption: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989037
TI  - Petit's Eventratio Diaphragmatica.

PMID- 19989036
TI  - Mikulicz's Syndrome.

PMID- 19989039
TI  - Infantile Scurvy.

PMID- 19989038
TI  - Dislocation of the Neck at the Atlanto-axial Joint.

PMID- 19989040
TI  - Intermittent Claudication.

PMID- 19989041
TI  - Cephalhaematoma Externum and Meningocele.

PMID- 19989042
TI  - Angina with recent Coronary Thrombosis, Myocardial Infarction, and Cardiac
      Aneurysm.

PMID- 19989043
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated with Insulin.

PMID- 19989045
TI  - Two Cases of Accessory Lobe of the Azygos Vein.

PMID- 19989044
TI  - Epidemic Serous Meningitis.

PMID- 19989046
TI  - A Case of Severe Cyclic Vomiting shown Sixteen Years Ago. Result.

PMID- 19989047
TI  - Dextrocardia with Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Transposition of Viscera.

PMID- 19989048
TI  - Syphilitic Infantilism.

PMID- 19989049
TI  - Mega-Dolichosigmoid in an Infant.

PMID- 19989050
TI  - Coeliac Rickets.

PMID- 19989051
TI  - Renal Rickets.

PMID- 19989052
TI  - Co-arctation of Aorta.

PMID- 19989053
TI  - Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19989054
TI  - Mediastinal Dermoid and Spina Bifida.

PMID- 19989055
TI  - Modern Aids to Anaesthesia: President's Address.

PMID- 19989056
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS: Joint Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19989058
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE INDICATIONS FOR AND AGAINST CAESAREAN SECTION.

PMID- 19989057
TI  - Lysozyme: President's Address.

PMID- 19989059
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre in Pregnancy and Labour.

PMID- 19989060
TI  - Traumatic Decalcification of the Knee-joint.

PMID- 19989061
TI  - Bacteriological Studies on Feline Distemper.

PMID- 19989062
TI  - A Differential Plating Medium for Streptococcus mastitis.

PMID- 19989063
TI  - Isospora bigemina from the Dog.

PMID- 19989064
TI  - Problems in Public Health encountered in a New Area.
AB  - Development of Becontree Estate.-Population.-Determination of population. Age
      distribution of population. Some effects of unusual age distribution.General
      problems in connection with development.(I) Those arising through rapid growth
      without preliminary preparation. Resulting difficulties in regard to: (a)
      Transport; (b) General sanitation, house refuse disposal, sewagedisposal, water
      supply; (c) Educational facilities; (d) General health services:-(1) Isolation
      hospital; comparison of home and hospital treatment in relation to spread of
      infection; (2) General hospitals; (3) Nursing in the home; (e) Itinerant vendors,
      etc.(II) Those peculiar to this estate; but either avoidable in general or not
      necessarily occurring in the case of estates attached to stable communities.
      Shopping centre not provided. Doctors, clergymen, charged economic rent. No
      provision for growing families.Behaviour of infectious diseases on the estate.
      Measles: Absence of evidence of immunizing effect, on susceptibles, of exposure
      to infection. Tuberculosis: Consideration of benefits to be derived from
      satisfactory housing. Limitation of use of known statistics for comparative
      purposes. Presumptive evidence of incidence of tuberculosis in locality being
      higher than the rate holding for the country as a whole. Scarlet fever and
      diphtheria: Course of curve of relative incidence of infection in under-15
      population over a number of years; demonstration of relatively high incidence of
      infection over a period. Consideration of possible explanation of high incidence:
      (a) effect of schools; (b) absence of isolation hospital accommodation resulting
      in secondary infection; (c) coincidence of occurrence of large population at
      susceptible ages with epidemic prevalence of infection; (d) immunity index of
      population rising to limiting figure; (e) alteration in immunity of members of
      population, due to loss of previously acquired immunity, this loss being due to
      relative deficiency of immune carriers in the population. Use of Schick reactions
      to show: (1) slight effect of occurrence of case of diphtheria in house on Schick
      reaction of remaining occupants; (2) relation between number of immunes in house
      and Schick reaction of remaining members.General conclusions on effect on health
      of residence on estate.

PMID- 19989065
TI  - Chronic Pyelocystitis with Particular Reference to the Ketogenic Diet Treatment.

PMID- 19989066
TI  - The Throat Surgeon and the Law: President's Address.

PMID- 19989067
TI  - Nodular Swelling involving the Whole of the Right Vocal Cord: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989068
TI  - Carcinoma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19989069
TI  - Stenosis of Glottis following Tuberculosis of Larynx.

PMID- 19989070
TI  - Cystic Carcinoma of Trachea.

PMID- 19989071
TI  - Pharyngeal Tumour.

PMID- 19989072
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Fibroma.

PMID- 19989073
TI  - Mixed Parotid Tumour.

PMID- 19989074
TI  - Nasal Obstruction. ? Mycosis.

PMID- 19989075
TI  - Skiagrams of two cases in which roots of teeth had been accidentally forced into
      the antrum.

PMID- 19989077
TI  - Great Enlargement of the Hyoid Bone.

PMID- 19989076
TI  - Two cases of lachrymal obstruction following an antral operation (Skiagrams
      shown).

PMID- 19989078
TI  - Ulceration of Soft Palate.

PMID- 19989080
TI  - Angeiosarcoma of External Ear.

PMID- 19989079
TI  - Hernia of Tympanic Membrane. ? Cholesteatoma: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989081
TI  - Tumour in Middle Ear: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989082
TI  - Carcinoma of the External Ear.

PMID- 19989083
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF LATERAL SINUS THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19989084
TI  - Two Cases of Cancer of the Body of the Uterus with Secondary Growths in the
      Vagina and Vulva treated by Operation and Radiation, and Free from Recurrence
      after Ten and Thirteen Years respectively.

PMID- 19989085
TI  - The Termination of Early Pregnancy by Abdominal Hysterotomy.

PMID- 19989086
TI  - Skiagrams of a Case of Occipito-Posterior Position.

PMID- 19989088
TI  - Traumatic Haemopneumothorax treated by Continuous Suction Drainage.

PMID- 19989087
TI  - Subconjunctival Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19989089
TI  - Familial Clubbing of Fingers and Toes.

PMID- 19989090
TI  - Ophthalmoplegic Migraine.

PMID- 19989091
TI  - Chiari's Disease, with Hypertrophic Osteo-arthropathy and Familial Lipomatosis.

PMID- 19989092
TI  - Tumour of the Palate.

PMID- 19989093
TI  - Incipient Gangrene of a Finger due to Senile Arterial Degeneration.

PMID- 19989094
TI  - Meningitis in Children from the Laboratory Point of View.

PMID- 19989096
TI  - Specimen and Photographs of Case of Neuroblastoma of the Suprarenal Gland
      (Hutchison Type).

PMID- 19989095
TI  - Familial Rickets with Obscure AEtiology.

PMID- 19989097
TI  - Diabetes Insipidus and ? Anterior Pituitary Lobe Deficiency.

PMID- 19989098
TI  - Posterior Mediastinitis with Effusion.

PMID- 19989099
TI  - Amyoplasia Congenita.

PMID- 19989101
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PATHOGENY OF NEPHRITIS AND ITS BEARING ON TREATMENT.

PMID- 19989100
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Muscular Paralysis: A Case with Asymmetrical Atrophy.

PMID- 19989102
TI  - Pemphigus of the Conjunctivae.

PMID- 19989103
TI  - Atrophied Calcareous Lens Dislocated into the Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19989104
TI  - Retinal Pigmentation, probably Congenital.

PMID- 19989105
TI  - A Case Showing Multiple Congenital Abnormalities.

PMID- 19989106
TI  - Choroidal Tubercle in Miliary Tuberculosis without Meningitis.

PMID- 19989107
TI  - Four Cases Illustrating the Modified Toti's Operation for Lacrymal Obstruction.

PMID- 19989108
TI  - A Note on the Early History of Rosacea.

PMID- 19989109
TI  - Pustular Psoriasis of the Extremities.

PMID- 19989110
TI  - Pseudo-Pelade with Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19989111
TI  - Xanthoma Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19989112
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE X-RAY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS.

PMID- 19989113
TI  - A Successful Treatment for Toxic Symptoms resulting from Ether Anaesthesia, based
      on a Biochemical Investigation.
AB  - (1) Blood-sugar rises and blood-pressure falls as ether anaesthesia progresses.
      (2) Blood-sugar is high and blood-pressure low when symptoms of shock are
      present.-(3) There is some justification for thinking that the pancreatic hormone
      is deficient as the result of the ketosis produced in connection with ether
      anaesthesia.-(4) Insulin administration is a successful method of treatment for
      post-anaesthetic toxic symptoms, which are always associated with a high blood
      sugar, and also prevents these from developing. It tends to increase a fallen
      blood-pressure and reduce a raised blood-sugar during ether anaesthesia.

PMID- 19989114
TI  - Three Cases of Essential Purpura Haemorrhagica: Splenectomy.

PMID- 19989115
TI  - Acute Idiopathic Purpura Haemorrhagica Fourteen Months after Splenectomy.

PMID- 19989116
TI  - Acute Idiopathic Purpura Haemorrhagica, Two Years and Ten Months after
      Splenectomy.

PMID- 19989118
TI  - Splenectomy in Gaucher's Disease with Haemoglobinuria.

PMID- 19989117
TI  - Gaucher's Disease: Splenectomy.

PMID- 19989119
TI  - Erythraemia, with Tortuous and Dilated Arteries in Arms.

PMID- 19989120
TI  - Erythraemia, with Recurrent Ophthalmic Migraine and Gout.

PMID- 19989121
TI  - Splenomegalic Polycythaemia treated with Minimal Doses of Phenylhydrazine.

PMID- 19989122
TI  - An Unusual Case of Polycythaemia Rubra Vera.

PMID- 19989124
TI  - Polycythaemia Vera.

PMID- 19989123
TI  - Splenectomy for Ruptured Spleen.

PMID- 19989125
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice with almost normal Erythrocyte Fragility.

PMID- 19989126
TI  - Three Cases of Familial Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19989127
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice treated by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19989129
TI  - Non-familial Acholuric Jaundice (Haemolytic Anaemia).

PMID- 19989128
TI  - Acholuric Jaundice, associated with Purpura.

PMID- 19989130
TI  - Splenomegaly with Anaemia.

PMID- 19989131
TI  - Three Cases of Familial Hepato-Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19989132
TI  - Tertiary Syphilitic Splenomegaly, with Hepato-spleno-graphy for Diagnostic
      Purposes.

PMID- 19989133
TI  - Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemia in a Woman.

PMID- 19989135
TI  - Syphilitic Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19989134
TI  - Splenectomy in Myeloid Leukaemia.

PMID- 19989136
TI  - Primary Tuberculosis of the Spleen.

PMID- 19989137
TI  - Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly. ? Hodgkin's Disease.

PMID- 19989138
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HEREDITY AS A FACTOR IN ANIMAL DISEASE.

PMID- 19989139
TI  - John Green Crosse, of Norwich.

PMID- 19989140
TI  - The Autobiographies of British Medical Men.

PMID- 19989141
TI  - DISCUSSION ON VASOMOTOR AFFECTIONS OF THE NOSE AND THEIR RELATION TO BRONCHIAL
      ASTHMA.

PMID- 19989143
TI  - Two cases of Asthma with Recovery after Nasal Treatment.

PMID- 19989142
TI  - Multiple Cysts of the Jaws with an Empyema of the Left Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19989144
TI  - Bilateral Cysts of the Maxilla with Empyema of the Right Maxillary Antrum.

PMID- 19989145
TI  - Impaired Movement of Cord without Malignancy.

PMID- 19989147
TI  - Alternating Sciatic Scoliosis.

PMID- 19989146
TI  - Calcaneo-Scaphoid Coalition.
AB  - Calcaneo-scaphoid coalition occurs in a number of forms, having one feature in
      common, namely, a skeletal abnormality of the calcaneo-scaphoid gap. The
      condition is congenital, but nothing is known of its causation. Ranking at first
      as merely an anatomical curiosity, it was later recognized to be frequently
      associated with spasmodic flat-foot. Probably 25% of all cases of spasmodic flat
      foot show this skeletal anomaly in some form or other.Clinically, this variety of
      spasmodic flat-foot is indistinguishable from the better-known condition in which
      the bones are apparently normal. Diagnosis made radiographically; essential that
      an oblique lateral view of the foot should be taken.Causal relation of the
      condition to peroneal spasm.All the usual forms of treatment employed for the
      relief of spasmodic flat-foot fail when a calcaneo-scaphoid coalition is present.
      Resection of the offending bar is of no proven value, but may be worth further
      trial. If symptoms persist, subastragaloid arthrodesis is necessary.

PMID- 19989149
TI  - The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Rectum and Recto-sigmoid Junction by a Two
      stage Abdomino-Perineal Operation.

PMID- 19989148
TI  - The Place of Operations upon the Sympathetic System in the Treatment of
      Poliomyelitis.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Revived interest in sympathetic surgery originated in orthopaedics.
      Royle's theories and operations. Their trial, failure and final abandonment.
      Value of sympathetic operations widely investigated; while finality has not been
      reached they have proved effective for three main purposes: (1) Relief of pain
      especially in bladder diseases. (2) Removal of inhibition and sphincteric spasm
      in alimentary, anal and bladder diseases. (3) Production of vaso-dilatation in
      (a) vaso-spastic diseases; (b) vaso-degenerative diseases; (c) conditions not due
      to arterial disease in which increased blood supply is beneficial.Poliomyelitis
      falls into the last group.-Cause of poor blood supply uncertain; ? lack of
      function; ? upset of some reflex; ? paralysis of vaso-dilators.TWO PROBLEMS
      ARISE, BOTH OF WHICH MAY BE TREATED BY OPERATIONS ON THE SYMPATHETIC: (1) The
      cold, blue limb, which develops chilblains, sores, or even deep ulcers every
      winter, often stopping treatment and requiring patient to be confined to bed. (2)
      The limb with considerable and rapidly increasing shortening. Sometimes these
      limbs show a fair return of power, and were it not for the heavy boot made
      necessary by the shortening, the patient could be made to walk well.Method of
      attack.-(1) Periarterial sympathectomy; (2) ramisectomy; (3) ganglionectomy.
      Physiological basis of each. Criticism of (1) and (2).Details of the operation
      for ganglionectomy.-Alternative approaches and their advantages. The immediate
      and late results of the procedure.Five cases discussed briefly.

PMID- 19989150
TI  - Yellow Fever, as seen by the Medical Officers of the Royal Navy in the Nineteenth
      Century.
AB  - A critical review of old Naval Reports, showing how some difficulties in the
      epidemiology vanished when the mosquito means of transmission was discovered.Data
      are abstracted to show that the fatality, while generally exaggerated by missed
      cases, was often as high as recorded-also that latent immunization accounts for
      some types of immunity, and that the disease was always more virulent in Africa
      where it probably originated-rather than in the New World.

PMID- 19989152
TI  - A Sequestrum of the Palate.

PMID- 19989151
TI  - The Gnathodynamometer and Its Use in Dentistry: President's Address.

PMID- 19989153
TI  - The Origin and Growth of a Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19989154
TI  - Congenital Solitary Kidney.

PMID- 19989155
TI  - Myoma of Bladder.

PMID- 19989157
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of the Urethra.

PMID- 19989158
TI  - Tuberculous Kidney.

PMID- 19989156
TI  - Hypernephroma of the Left Kidney.

PMID- 19989159
TI  - Ureteric Stone showing Spontaneous Fracture.

PMID- 19989160
TI  - An Abdomino-thoracic Incision for the Exposure of the Kidney.

PMID- 19989161
TI  - Cystogram of Multiple Calculi in a Vesical Diverticulum.

PMID- 19989162
TI  - Prostatic Ducts shown in a Cystogram.

PMID- 19989163
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of Kidney.

PMID- 19989164
TI  - Double Ureterocele in an Infant.

PMID- 19989165
TI  - Dilatation of the Bladder and the Upper Urinary Tract, without Urethral
      Obstruction.

PMID- 19989166
TI  - Massive Bilateral Renal Calculi.

PMID- 19989168
TI  - Three Specimens illustrating Advanced Tuberculosis of the Testes, Seminal
      Vesicles, and Prostate.

PMID- 19989167
TI  - Unilocular Cyst of Kidney.

PMID- 19989170
TI  - Trichomycosis Axillaris Flava.

PMID- 19989169
TI  - Specimens showing the Amount of Tissue removed with the McCarthy Prostatic
      Electrotome.

PMID- 19989171
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19989172
TI  - Melanotic Sarcomata.

PMID- 19989173
TI  - Xerodermia Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19989174
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides a Tumeurs d'emblee.

PMID- 19989175
TI  - Naevus Unius Lateralis.

PMID- 19989176
TI  - Inflammatory Eruption of the Scalp, following Infective Periostitis of the Malar
      Bone.

PMID- 19989177
TI  - Pre-mycosic Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19989178
TI  - Hyperkeratosis of the Palms associated with a High Blood Uric Acid.

PMID- 19989179
TI  - Drug Eruption. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989181
TI  - Parapsoriasis with Necrotic Lesions. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989180
TI  - Acrodermatitis Atrophicans (Herxheimer), Erythromelie of Pick.

PMID- 19989182
TI  - Nervous Sequelae of Spinal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19989184
TI  - Haemoptysis: for diagnosis. ? Epituberculosis.

PMID- 19989183
TI  - Congenital Deficiency of Conscious Auditory Perception of Words (Word-Deafness).

PMID- 19989186
TI  - Actinomycosis of Lung.

PMID- 19989185
TI  - Congenital Morbus Cordis in Two Sisters.

PMID- 19989187
TI  - Lipodystrophy.

PMID- 19989189
TI  - Macroglossia: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989188
TI  - Cerebellar Tumour.

PMID- 19989191
TI  - Rupture of Biceps Cubiti.

PMID- 19989190
TI  - Congenital Abnormality of Spine.

PMID- 19989192
TI  - Congenital Enlargement of One Arm.

PMID- 19989193
TI  - Two Cases of Aneurysm of Left Ventricle.

PMID- 19989194
TI  - Two Cases of Epithelioma treated with Radium.

PMID- 19989195
TI  - OEsophageal Pouch.

PMID- 19989196
TI  - Exophthalmic Goitre successfully treated by X-rays 20 years ago, but now
      complicated by ? X-ray Epithelioma.

PMID- 19989197
TI  - Retro-sternal Goitre and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

PMID- 19989199
TI  - Lineae Atrophicae in Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19989198
TI  - Chronic Pneumothorax treated by Intra-pleural Injection of Silver Nitrate.

PMID- 19989200
TI  - Recurrent Haemoptysis due to ? Benign Bronchial Tumour.

PMID- 19989201
TI  - Chronic Enlargement of Parotid Glands, with Intermittent Exacerbations.

PMID- 19989202
TI  - Athetosis.

PMID- 19989203
TI  - Erythrocyanosis Frigida Crurum Puellarum (Feminarum).

PMID- 19989204
TI  - Chronic OEdema of Legs with Large Turgid Hands.

PMID- 19989205
TI  - Dr. Markus's Original Case of Markus's Syndrome ("Myotonic Pupil" with Absence of
      Patellar and Achilles Reflexes) shown twenty-seven and a half years ago.

PMID- 19989207
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SOME ASPECTS OF ANAESTHESIA IN ANIMALS.

PMID- 19989206
TI  - Myeloma of the Lower End of the Radius.

PMID- 19989208
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF PHYSICAL METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASE.

PMID- 19989209
TI  - The Story of a Small Campaign: The Medical Arrangements during the Burma
      Rebellion, 1931.
AB  - (1) A general description of Burma, its climate and seasons.-(2) The medical
      experience of former campaigns in Burma.-(3) Medical resources available and
      methods adopted to preserve the health of the troops, with special reference to
      accommodation, water supplies, malaria, heat-stroke and veneral disease.

PMID- 19989210
TI  - Thrombo-phlebitis of the Bulb of the Jugular Vein and Cerebellar Abscess.
      Ligature of Vein, Evacuation of Sinus and Bulb, Drainage of Cerebellar Abscess.
      Recovery.

PMID- 19989211
TI  - Two Cases of Rodent Ulcer of Pinna Treated by Radium.

PMID- 19989213
TI  - Tuberculous Otitis Media.

PMID- 19989212
TI  - Closure of Large Perforation of Tympanic Membrane, of Life-long Duration, by
      Means of Trichloracetic Acid.

PMID- 19989214
TI  - Perforation occupying almost the whole of the Tympanic Membrane, closed by
      repeated application of Trichloracetic Acid.

PMID- 19989215
TI  - Bilateral Auditory Nerve Tumour in Case of Multiple Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19989216
TI  - Post-operative Mastoid Fistula: Closure by use of Temporal Muscle Transplant.

PMID- 19989217
TI  - Chronic Mastoiditis with Functional Paralysis of the Leg. Operation: Recovery.

PMID- 19989218
TI  - Fibroma of External Auditory Meatus in a Boy Aged Ten Years.

PMID- 19989219
TI  - The Earliest Physical Signs of Otitis Media.

PMID- 19989220
TI  - The Value of Paracentesis in the Acute Specific Fevers.

PMID- 19989221
TI  - The Classification of Jaundice.

PMID- 19989222
TI  - Obstructive and Haemolytic Jaundice in the Tropics.

PMID- 19989224
TI  - Incontinence of Faeces and Congenital Deformity of Anus.

PMID- 19989223
TI  - Toxic Jaundice.

PMID- 19989226
TI  - Epithelioma of Anus treated by radium.

PMID- 19989225
TI  - Operation for Imperforate Anus.

PMID- 19989227
TI  - Carcinoma of the Rectum invading the Vagina and Uterus, treated by Perineal
      Excision and Vaginal Hysterectomy in continuity.

PMID- 19989228
TI  - Lipoma of Colon.

PMID- 19989229
TI  - A Single Papilloma of the Transverse Colon causing a Chronic Intussusception.

PMID- 19989230
TI  - Gangrenous Bowel due to Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion.

PMID- 19989231
TI  - A Specimen of Megacolon: Treatment by Resection and Anastomosis.

PMID- 19989232
TI  - Large Ulcerating Columnar-celled Carcinoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19989233
TI  - Chronic Ileo-colic Intussusception.

PMID- 19989234
TI  - Congenital Abnormality of the Rectum.

PMID- 19989235
TI  - Cinematograph Demonstration of Resection and Anastomosis of the Colon.

PMID- 19989236
TI  - Corneal Transplantation on an Opaque Cornea.
AB  - A man, aged 22, had opacity of both corneae, following severe interstitial
      keratitis at the age of 18. Vision reduced to that of hand movements.Corneal
      transplantation performed on left eye in November 1930. The graft was taken from
      an eye removed one month after a perforating injury. Operation performed under
      cocaine anaesthesia, using the technique established experimentally in rabbits,
      with the addition of a glass disc interposed between the graft and the overlying
      stitches. The graft was slightly smaller than the piece of opaque cornea removed,
      and the margins of each were cut shelving.-The stitches and glass disc were
      removed on the tenth day; the graft had united well and was nearly clear.-During
      the next week it began to get hazy, and some minute blood-vessels appeared in its
      stroma, so that vision deteriorated; a few weeks later it began to improve.Four
      months after operation patient could count fingers at 2 ft. Two years after
      operation he could count fingers up to 33 in. with the light behind him.

PMID- 19989237
TI  - Blood-staining of Cornea.

PMID- 19989238
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF THE ANAEMIAS: Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19989239
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF NON-MALIGNANT GYNAECOLOGICAL
      CONDITIONS: Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19989240
TI  - The Occupational Neuroses (including Miners' Nystagmus).
AB  - These disorders seem to conform to the conception of "functional nervous
      disorder" in the narrow sense of the phrase. Specific difficulties in writers'
      cramp, however, often found to have symbolic significance to the patient. Cramp
      frequently one symptom in a larger syndrome. Both writers' and telegraphists'
      cramp are excrescences upon an underlying psychoneurosis, though associated
      symptoms are often overlooked.Miners' nystagmus supposed to be a physiological
      disorder that produces "neurasthenia"; ocular symptoms mostly psychoneurotic; the
      oscillation not a disability of itself.Night-blindness as a hysterical symptom.
      History of night-blindness in armies; its epidemic prevalence in Continental
      armies in the Great War and its comparative rarity in ours. Its absence in war
      pensioners and possible replacement by fear of the dark. Night-blindness in
      nystagmus probably a conversion of this fear.Accounts of nystagmus in crane
      workers and train dispatchers. Cases of miners' nystagmus shown to be identical
      with psychoneuroses arising apart from nystagmus. The nervous symptoms increase
      as the nystagmus diminishes. Possibly the ocular disability behaves as a hysteria
      in guarding against further symptoms.Appearance of an occupational disorder among
      deep-sea divers, and the psychological investigation of individual cases
      described. Spurious unconsciousness was due to a condition of Angst which could
      be experimentally reproduced. The existence of a psychoneurotic basis and the
      possibility of foretelling the development of the specific disorder were
      demonstrated,Conclusion.-The occupational neuroses are to be regarded as minor
      psychoses (or psychoneuroses) and handled in accordance with modern principles of
      psychopathology.

PMID- 19989241
TI  - Note on the Liber de Febre Pestilentiali of Nicolas Massa.

PMID- 19989242
TI  - Samuel Hahnemann and his Influence on Medical Thought.

PMID- 19989243
TI  - Poverty, Nutrition and the Public Health: (An Investigation into some of the
      Results of Moving a Slum Population to Modern Dwellings.).

PMID- 19989244
TI  - Observations on the Results of Division of the Eighth Nerve in the Treatment of
      Aural Vertigo (Abstract).

PMID- 19989245
TI  - A Form of Progressive Cerebral Sclerosis in Infants associated with Primary
      Degeneration of the Interfascicular Glia.

PMID- 19989246
TI  - The Clinical Significance of Variations in Tickle Sensibility.

PMID- 19989248
TI  - An Ectopic Gestation retained for Two Years and Eight Months.

PMID- 19989247
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE FINAL REPORT OF THE MATERNAL MORTALITY COMMISSION.

PMID- 19989249
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Endometrium.

PMID- 19989250
TI  - Sarcoma of the Cervix Uteri.

PMID- 19989251
TI  - Interstitial Tubal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19989252
TI  - The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus by Irradiation.

PMID- 19989253
TI  - Persistent Otalgia.

PMID- 19989254
TI  - Case in which Cold Caloric Stimulation of Canals produces Nystagmus of Ocular
      Type.

PMID- 19989255
TI  - DISCUSSION: "EARLY OR LATE OPERATION IN ACUTE MASTOIDITIS.".

PMID- 19989256
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19989257
TI  - Arsenical Pigmentation and Hyperkeratosis.

PMID- 19989258
TI  - Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Leishman-Donovan bodies demonstrated.

PMID- 19989260
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus replacing the Lesions of Erythema Solare.

PMID- 19989259
TI  - Congenital Tumours: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989261
TI  - Premature Baldness in a Female (? masculine type) with Sebaceous Adenomata.

PMID- 19989263
TI  - Prurigo.

PMID- 19989262
TI  - Lupus Erythematodes.

PMID- 19989265
TI  - Fibrous Induration following X-ray Burn.

PMID- 19989264
TI  - Primary Actinomycosis of the Hand.

PMID- 19989267
TI  - Conjunctivitis, probably tuberculous.

PMID- 19989266
TI  - Squamous Epithelioma.

PMID- 19989268
TI  - Ulcer of Lid.

PMID- 19989270
TI  - Congenital Dislocation of the Lenses with Sudden Marked Improvement of Vision due
      to further Dislocation.

PMID- 19989269
TI  - Congenital Hyaline Membranes on the Posterior Surface of the Cornea.

PMID- 19989271
TI  - Safar's Method for Treatment of Detachment of the Retina by Diathermy.
AB  - Safar's method aims at getting discrete areas of coagulation in the choroid
      without any injury to the retina. Larson produces areas of coagulation by surface
      cauterization with a small, ball-shaped electrode. Weve uses Larson's method, and
      also the encircling method with a fine needle.The advantages of Safar's method
      are: (a) The exact placing of the area of coagulation; (b) the possibility of
      using a more regular current; (c) less likelihood of the area of coagulation
      being too extensive; (d) the possibility of making large barrages without losing
      fluid and the eye becoming soft; (e) the avoidance of having to make a subsequent
      puncture to draw off the subretinal fluid.Technique.-(1) Nearly the same as
      Guist's encircling method or the formation of barrages. (2) INSTRUMENTS: Special
      isolated needles to avoid sparking and also to limit the depth of entry. Special
      ivory-headed retractors; glass retractors are also useful.Treatment.-(1) Previous
      to operation: rest in bed, with the use of Lindner's Lochbrille. (2) Subsequent
      to operation: eight to fourteen days with both eyes bandaged. Wearing of the
      Lochbrille after the bandages have been removed.Scars.-Ideal scars about the size
      of optic disc, round, and stippled with small spots of pigment; the retina lies
      flat over these scars as seen by tracing the retinal vessels.Results. Up to 1932
      (Safar's).-Thirty-nine unselected cases: twenty-four reattachments, that is, more
      than 60% in recent cases of myopia, and after contusion more than 90%.

PMID- 19989272
TI  - A Hand Slit-Lamp.

PMID- 19989273
TI  - Plastic Operation for Severe Cicatricial Ectropion.

PMID- 19989275
TI  - Fracture of a Corner of a Vertebral Body, and Ossification Defect in the
      Vertebral Ring.

PMID- 19989274
TI  - Studies on Blood Diseases and Blood Regeneration in Java.

PMID- 19989276
TI  - Congenital Perversion of Growth.

PMID- 19989277
TI  - Haemophilia; Tuberculous Hip; Haemophiliac Knee; Tuberculous Abscess of Abdominal
      Wall.

PMID- 19989278
TI  - The Atypical Growth in Cartilage as the Fundamental Factor in Dwarfism and
      Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19989280
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MALE GENITAL TRACT: Joint Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19989279
TI  - A Method of correcting Equinus and Calcaneous Deformities at the Sub-Astragaloid
      Joint.

PMID- 19989281
TI  - The Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculo-Silicosis.

PMID- 19989282
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Sternum.

PMID- 19989283
TI  - Carcinoma of the Testicle with Inguinal Glandular Involvement.

PMID- 19989285
TI  - Aberrant Great Vessels.

PMID- 19989284
TI  - Diverticulum of Second Part of Duodenum.

PMID- 19989286
TI  - Combined Sclerosis treated by large doses of Iron.

PMID- 19989288
TI  - Calcification and Tortuosity of the descending Aorta, and Aneurysm of the Aortic
      Arch. Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19989287
TI  - Persistent OEdema of the Left Leg, with Anaemia.

PMID- 19989289
TI  - Addison's Disease.

PMID- 19989291
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19989290
TI  - Paralysis of the Left Leg, with tendency to Choreiform Movements in both Hands.

PMID- 19989293
TI  - Hyperkeratosis of the Soles.

PMID- 19989292
TI  - Psoriasis, Leucoplakia and Black Hairy Tongue.

PMID- 19989294
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19989295
TI  - Eruption on Cheek: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989296
TI  - Infantile Trichotillomania.

PMID- 19989297
TI  - Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989298
TI  - Sebocystomatosis (Gunther) in a Woman aged 22.

PMID- 19989299
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19989301
TI  - Intra-epidermal Carcinoma. ? Paget's Disease of the Nipple.

PMID- 19989300
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19989302
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19989303
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19989304
TI  - Pathological Calcification and Ossification in Relation to Leriche and Policard's
      Theory.
AB  - (1) Pathology of calcification and ossification.-The Leriche-Policard theories.
      Hyperaemia of bone causes decalcification. Reduced blood supply causes sclerosis.
      Diminution of vascularity of fibrous tissue causes calcification. Excess of
      calcium, adequate blood supply and fibroblasts give rise to bone anywhere.
      Subperiosteal ossification. "Myositis ossificans."(2) Radiological significance
      of density of bone shadows.-Decalcification of disuse, of infections, of
      neoplasms. Traumatic and infective scquestra. Evidence that a fragment of bone is
      avascular.(3) Hyperaemic decalcification of bone.-Delayed and non-union of
      fractures. Kummel's disease. Spontaneous hyperaemic dislocation of the atlas.
      Hyperaemic decalcification and nephrolithiasis.(4) Anaemic sclerosis of bone.
      Syphilitic bone disease. Malignant bone disease. Fragility of sclerosed bone
      Paget's, Kienboch's, Kohler's and Panner's, Albers-Schonberg's diseases.(5)
      Pathological calcification.-Calcification of supraspinatus tendon. Calcification
      of tumours-angioma, haematoma, and thrombosed vessels, lipoma, cysts, etc.
      Calcification of semilunar cartilages and intervertebral discs.(6) Pathological
      ossification.-Ossification of tendons. Ossification of semilunar cartilages.

PMID- 19989305
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE NEW PHARMACOPOEIA.

PMID- 19989306
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF IODINE COMPOUNDS IN THE TREATMENT OF THYROID DISEASE.

PMID- 19989308
TI  - DISCUSSION ON MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE ORO-PHARYNX, INCLUDING THE FAUCES.

PMID- 19989307
TI  - Joint Manipulation (Upper Extremity).

PMID- 19989309
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Right Fauces treated by Radium.

PMID- 19989310
TI  - Endothelioma of Soft Palate. Removal by Diathermy Five Years ago. No Recurrence.

PMID- 19989311
TI  - Two Cases of Angeio-fibro-sarcoma operated on by Diathermy Eight Years and a half
      and Four Years ago respectively.

PMID- 19989313
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Palate treated by Radium.

PMID- 19989312
TI  - Epithelioma of Tonsil and Faucial Pillar removed by Diathermy Four Years ago. No
      Recurrence.

PMID- 19989314
TI  - Two Foci of Carcinoma and one of Lymphosarcoma in the Course of Ten Years, all
      "cured" by Deep X-rays.

PMID- 19989315
TI  - Epithelioma of Tonsil treated by Radium Needles.

PMID- 19989316
TI  - Carcinoma of Oro-pharynx.

PMID- 19989317
TI  - Post-cricoid Carcinoma: Condition much improved by Deep X-rays.

PMID- 19989318
TI  - Sarcoma of Tonsil treated by Radium Needles.

PMID- 19989319
TI  - Carcinoma of Vallecula cured by X-ray Therapy.

PMID- 19989321
TI  - Epithelioma of Fauces.

PMID- 19989320
TI  - Cancer of Right Pillar of Fauces.

PMID- 19989322
TI  - Lympho-Epithelioma of Tonsil and Tongue, treated by Radium, with recurrence after
      three years.

PMID- 19989323
TI  - Cancer of Right Lateral Fauces.

PMID- 19989324
TI  - An Examination of Tropical Neurasthenia.
AB  - The nineteenth century conception of neurasthenia is giving way to a
      psychological aetiology and classification. Quotations show that the older
      conception dies hard, and varied physical factors are invoked as causes of
      tropical neurasthenia.Australian experience shows the physical factors present
      without "neurasthenia." It is suggested that mal-adjustment is not physiological
      but sociological.The possibility of psychoneuroses appearing in the guise of
      tropical diseases.Effect of selection of personnel in reducing breakdown.The
      writer doubts the existence of a neurasthenia special to the tropics, and urges
      that the use of the phrase "tropical neurasthenia" should be discontinued.

PMID- 19989325
TI  - Bilateral Urinary Calculi.
AB  - Cases in which stones are found on both sides at the same time are alone
      considered. They form 9.4% of the admissions for stone in the upper urinary tract
      at St. Peter's Hospital. Figures from Continental clinics vary from 11% to 14%,
      while those obtained from post-mortem records are nearly 50%.FOUR GROUPS OF CASES
      ARE CONSIDERED: (1) Calculi due to a special diathesis, e.g., cystine stones. (2)
      Aseptic bilateral calculi. (3) Infected bilateral calculi. (4) Cases complicated
      by anuria.(1) Cystinuria should be treated medically, by diet and alkalis, but
      stones may form, in spite of treatment. They can be passed easily, and operation
      is only indicated when impaction occurs.(2) The calculi are comparatively small,
      and it is rare to find more than one on each side. If the renal function is
      approximately the same on both sides, simultaneous removal is advisable. When
      this is impossible, the interval between the two operations should not exceed
      fourteen days. When the function is unequal, the first operation should be
      performed on the more damaged kidney.(3) When both sides are infected, the
      calculi are often very large, and the kidneys severely damaged. Infection is
      usually the primary factor, but its source cannot always be determined. The
      symptoms are slight, often merely persisting pyuria. If the value of both kidneys
      is the same: (a) no operation may be possible; (b) pelvic stones should be
      removed; (c) "stag horn" calculi are best left alone, unless there is evidence of
      fluid distension of the kidneys. When the function is unequal, an absolutely
      useless pyonephrotic kidney should be removed or drained, but if urine is
      secreted by both it is advisable to operate on the better kidney first.(4) In
      cases of calculous anuria, the obstruction is usually found in the upper portion
      of the ureters. An attempt should be made to relieve it by passing ureteric
      catheters. If it fails, or if the anuria recurs, immediate operation is
      necessary. The kidney last obstructed should be drained. The stones should be
      removed as soon as the effects of the anuria have passed.

PMID- 19989327
TI  - "Pustular Psoriasis".

PMID- 19989326
TI  - Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19989329
TI  - Drug Eruption.

PMID- 19989328
TI  - Sclerodermia: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989330
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus with Sarcoid Tumours.

PMID- 19989331
TI  - Folliculitis Sycosiformis Atrophicans Capillitii.

PMID- 19989332
TI  - Erythroedema.

PMID- 19989333
TI  - Massive Necrosis of Clavicle.

PMID- 19989334
TI  - New Growth on Face.

PMID- 19989335
TI  - Hepatomegaly of Unknown Origin (probably von Gierke's Disease).

PMID- 19989336
TI  - Hydrocephalus Successfully Treated by Repeated Puncture of the Lateral
      Ventricles.

PMID- 19989337
TI  - Congenital Lipoma.

PMID- 19989338
TI  - Recurring Collapse of Lung with Enlarged Mediastinal Glands. ? Epituberculosis.

PMID- 19989339
TI  - Concomitant Squint in Children and Modern Methods of Treatment.

PMID- 19989340
TI  - Lymphadenosis commencing with the clinical picture of Hypoplastic Anaemia.

PMID- 19989341
TI  - Persistent Pneumothorax after Post-Pneumonic Empyema.

PMID- 19989343
TI  - Hypertelorism with Cleft Palate.

PMID- 19989342
TI  - Colobomata of Choroid.

PMID- 19989344
TI  - Cerebellar Tumour. ? Right Lobe.

PMID- 19989345
TI  - Cerebellar Tumour, ? Left Lobe.

PMID- 19989346
TI  - Record of Cases of Cerebellar Tumour in the Children's Department at St. Thomas's
      Hospital since 1921.

PMID- 19989347
TI  - Endocarditis with Emboli in a Child, with Recovery.

PMID- 19989348
TI  - Achondroplasia with Kyphosis.

PMID- 19989349
TI  - Vitiligo with Grey Hair.

PMID- 19989350
TI  - Gastromegaly.

PMID- 19989351
TI  - Some Aspects of the Psychopathology of Sex Perversions.
AB  - Importance of the study of perversions.Precipitating causes. The attempt to
      explain them by the association of ideas or by simple conditioned reflex is
      inadequate.Perversions are found to be the persistence of morbid reactions of
      infantile life.The sex perversions have the same general causation, and the same
      mechanism as the other psychoneuroses.THE ESSENTIAL FACTOR IN CAUSATION IS THE
      FEELING OF DEPRIVATION OF LOVE: this interpreted biologically as well as
      psychologically.Infantile sensuousness is to be regarded as biologically egoistic
      and not sexual. Its transference to the uses of sexuality later.The perversions
      are not the mere persistence of these normal infantile tendencies but are morbid
      reactions to abnormal situations. These morbid reactions are further repressed,
      which accounts for the fixation and arrest of sexual development.The
      precipitating conditions arouse the latent repressed tendencies, which therefore
      emerge in the form in which they were originally repressed.

PMID- 19989352
TI  - The Psychopathology of Sexual Perversions.
AB  - Current views on causation of sexual perversion.An alternative to these, based on
      the relationship of the pervert with others, is put forward.Sexual perversions
      and psychoneuroses are not positive and negative aspects of infantile sexual
      components.VERBATIM EXTRACTS FROM THE ANALYSIS OF A PATIENT WITH SEXUAL
      PERVERSION ARE GIVEN TO ILLUSTRATE AND SUPPORT THE FOLLOWING VIEWS: (a) The
      emotional relationship between the pervert and others is an essential element in
      the condition. (b) The physical aspects of the perversion are of secondary
      importance to the mental. (c) The perversion indicates a failure in personal and
      social integration; and an effort is made to alter this by means of
      aggressiveness, adopted child-like conduct, and perversions. (d) The perversions
      were manifold in type but uniform in purpose. (e) The policy of the illness was
      to regain a satisfying personal and social life. (f) The same policy is found in
      the psychoneuroses.

PMID- 19989353
TI  - Brown Line in Cornea.

PMID- 19989354
TI  - A Comparator for Perimeter and Scotometer Charts (No. II).

PMID- 19989356
TI  - Two Cases of Angiomatosis Retinae.

PMID- 19989355
TI  - Metastatic Endophthalmitis.

PMID- 19989358
TI  - Cysts of the Retina with Cholesterin Crystals in or behind the Retina.

PMID- 19989357
TI  - Glioma Retinae.

PMID- 19989359
TI  - Cyst of Left Retina. Detachment of Right Retina (cured).

PMID- 19989361
TI  - Pulsating Exophthalmos: Arterio-Venous Aneurysm.

PMID- 19989360
TI  - Familial Macular Degeneration in Twins.

PMID- 19989362
TI  - Swelling of Optic Discs. ? Cause.

PMID- 19989363
TI  - Uveoparotitis.

PMID- 19989364
TI  - Foreign Body in Left Eye for Twelve Years.

PMID- 19989365
TI  - Projection Protractor for Use with a Bjerrum Screen.

PMID- 19989366
TI  - Two Cases of Irradiation Cataract.

PMID- 19989367
TI  - Six Cases of Metastatic Carcinoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19989369
TI  - Growths of the Testicle.
AB  - Description of three recent cases, including one late and one early case.
      Pathology and classification. Relation of growth to trauma, previous
      inflammation, incomplete descent. Clinical aspect. Diagnosis from hydrocele,
      haematocele, tubercle, syphilis. Prognosis. Treatment by orchidectomy, the
      radical operation, X-rays.

PMID- 19989368
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC DIARRHOEAS.

PMID- 19989370
TI  - Some Rare Cases of Enlargement of the Prostate.

PMID- 19989371
TI  - Some Observations on Temporary Drainage of the Kidney.
AB  - Temporary drainage may be necessary for the success of an operation, as, e.g., a
      plastic operation on a hydronephrosis. It may, however, also be used as an aid to
      recovery of function by a damaged kidney; its use in these cases is not a
      necessity but is an optional point in technique.The method of drainage should be
      simple to adjust at the time of the operation, easy to control during the post
      operative period, and one which causes no damage to the kidney when the drainage
      tube is removed. The technique of such a method is described. Some difficulties
      in operative technique, and in post-operative management, are considered, and the
      normal course of drainage in these cases is outlined.An additional point in
      favour of the method is that it can be used both in those cases in which drainage
      is necessary and in the others where it is not; and the experience gained by
      overcoming difficulties and complications in those cases where drainage is not of
      vital importance is of the greatest possible use in establishing a good technique
      for those cases in which failure of the drainage system would imperil the success
      of the operation.

PMID- 19989372
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF THE PRESENILE DEMENTIAS: Joint
      Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19989373
TI  - DISCUSSION ON UNDULANT FEVER: Joint Discussion No. 6.

PMID- 19989374
TI  - The Influence of Industry on Public Health.
AB  - Recognized specific risks of industry considered.Under Section 73, Factory and
      Workshop Act, certain diseases contracted in a factory or workshop are notifiable
      by medical practitioners to the Chief Inspector of Factories.Lead poisoning,
      epitheliomatous and chrome ulceration and anthrax-considered in detail.Effects of
      inhalation of dust in the causation of silicosis and asbestosis. Relation of
      these diseases to tuberculosis. Reason to believe that a large number of dusts of
      different characters will create pathological changes in the lung.Other diseases
      included in the Schedule under the Workmen's Compensation Act, e.g., nystagmus
      and dermatitis.Common risks, i.e., shared by the general non-industrial
      population, incurred by workers.Direct supervision of workers in industry.The
      sphere and work of a works medical officer. The effects of National Health
      Insurance on such service. Co-operation between panel and works doctors. Far
      reaching effects of the services rendered by works medical officers.Periodic
      medical inspection under regulations for dangerous trades. Advice given on all
      medical matters.The charge that industry raises the cancer incidence considered.
      Means of controlling early recognition and treatment include some non-industrial
      cases of cancer.Anthrax in industry led to the introduction into the country of
      Sclavo's serum. Disinfection of wool protects the consumer.First-aid training in
      factories gives protection in the home.It is suggested that well-organized
      industry is a centre radiating the principles of preventive medicine.

PMID- 19989375
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN INTRACRANIAL SURGERY.

PMID- 19989376
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease with Local Tumour of the Palate.

PMID- 19989378
TI  - Alleged Loss of Calcium Salts from the Dentine of a Dog associated with
      Abnormality of the Parathyroids.

PMID- 19989377
TI  - Some Observations on the Extraction of Teeth in Cases of Haemophilia.

PMID- 19989380
TI  - Right Sphenoidal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19989379
TI  - AEtiology and Treatment of the Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders of the
      Posterior Sinuses.

PMID- 19989381
TI  - Sphenoidal and Ethmoidal Sinusitis with Hemianopsia.

PMID- 19989382
TI  - Sphenoidal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19989383
TI  - Polypoid Ethmoiditis associated with Ipsilateral and Progressive Loss of Vision.

PMID- 19989384
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DEFICIENCY DISEASES.

PMID- 19989385
TI  - Lichen Planus: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989386
TI  - Unusual Case of Arsenical Dermatitis.

PMID- 19989388
TI  - Pigmentary and Atrophic Lichen Planus following the Administration of Arsenic and
      Bismuth.

PMID- 19989387
TI  - Demonstration of Porcelain Models.

PMID- 19989390
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS.

PMID- 19989389
TI  - Acute Generalized Lichen Planus Obtusus following Neosalvarsan and Bisoxyl
      Injections.

PMID- 19989391
TI  - Occupational Diseases: A Historical Note (Abridged).

PMID- 19989392
TI  - The History of Bronchial Asthma and Allergy.

PMID- 19989393
TI  - Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Post-Operative Lung Complications.
AB  - Lung complications calling for bronchoscopy are not frequent, because suitable
      precautions are taken by most anaesthetists and surgeons. A certain number of
      cases occur, however, sometimes diagnosed as pneumonia, but actually due to
      mechanical obstruction of a bronchus.Suspected cases require bronchoscopy for
      diagnosis and respond well to treatment by aspiration and direct medication.All
      cases due to foreign body can be cured, and most post-operative lung abscesses
      clear up quickly. Diffuse bronchitis is improved and its cessation prevents the
      subsequent development of multiple bronchiectasis. Acute massive collapse is in
      very many instances the result of occlusion of a bronchus by a plug of thick
      mucus, removal of which effects a cure.

PMID- 19989394
TI  - Bacteriaemia in Pneumonia.
AB  - (1) Tables are shown which record the course of bacteriaemia investigated by
      frequent blood-cultures in a series of cases of pneumonia.(2) The proportion of
      cases having a bacteriaemia in the course of the disease agrees fairly closely
      with other findings both in this country and in America.(3) Attention is drawn to
      the frequency with which the organisms disappear from the blood in the absence of
      any specific treatment, and to the frequency of recovery of bacteriaemic
      cases.(4) It is therefore submitted that it is unsafe to regard the disappearance
      of a bacteriaemia as the direct result of specific serum treatment, and that this
      cannot be used as evidence of successful serum therapy.

PMID- 19989395
TI  - The Action of Artificial Pneumothorax on the Lymphatics of the Lung.

PMID- 19989396
TI  - Whooping-cough in Old Age.

PMID- 19989398
TI  - A Case of Concealed Accidental Haemorrhage Associated with Spontaneous Complete
      Rupture of the Uterus.

PMID- 19989397
TI  - The Degeneration of the Brain in Chronic Alcoholism.

PMID- 19989399
TI  - A Case of Concealed Accidental Haemorrhage associated with Spontaneous Complete
      Rupture of the Uterus.

PMID- 19989400
TI  - Puerperal Fever.-A Report upon 533 Cases received at the Isolation Block of Queen
      Charlotte's Hospital.

PMID- 19989401
TI  - Observations on the Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Puerperal General
      Peritonitis.

PMID- 19989402
TI  - Factors Producing Sterility, with Special Reference to Genetic Causes.

PMID- 19989403
TI  - Sterility in Relation to Endocrine Deficiency.

PMID- 19989404
TI  - Sterility in Males on Diets Deficient in Vitamin A or Vitamin E.

PMID- 19989405
TI  - Infectious Sterility in the Larger Domesticated Animals.

PMID- 19989407
TI  - Total Cystectomy for Papilloma.

PMID- 19989406
TI  - Case illustrating Recent Radical Operation for Testicular Neoplasm.

PMID- 19989408
TI  - Inoperable Carcinoma of Prostate: Transplantation of Ureter by Coffey No. 2
      Method with Catheter.

PMID- 19989409
TI  - Extensive Inoperable Carcinoma of Bladder: Transplantation of Ureter by Coffey
      No. 3 Method.

PMID- 19989410
TI  - Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19989411
TI  - Hydronephrosis in Double Kidney.

PMID- 19989413
TI  - A New Method of implanting the Ureters into the Bowel.

PMID- 19989412
TI  - Carcinoma of the Base of the Bladder: (a) Implantation of the Ureters into the
      Rectum: (b) Complete Cystectomy.

PMID- 19989414
TI  - Total Cystectomy for Malignant Disease, with Implantation of the Ureter into the
      Abdominal Wall.

PMID- 19989416
TI  - Carcinoma of the Urethra, beginning in the Fossa Navicularis.

PMID- 19989415
TI  - Two Cases of Solid Tumour of the Spermatic Cord.

PMID- 19989417
TI  - The Distribution of Simple Goitre in Derbyshire.

PMID- 19989418
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLANT POISONING IN MAN AND ANIMALS: Joint Discussion No. 7.

PMID- 19989419
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ACUTE SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE-JOINT: Joint Discussion No.
      8.

PMID- 19989421
TI  - Two Cases of Acrodermatitis Atrophicans Herxheimer.

PMID- 19989420
TI  - Gastro-enterology and Metabolism: A Historical Survey.

PMID- 19989423
TI  - Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex (Fibro-xanthoma Multiplex).

PMID- 19989422
TI  - Mongolian Blue Patches.

PMID- 19989424
TI  - Leprosy (Mixed Type).

PMID- 19989426
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19989425
TI  - Lupus Pernio.

PMID- 19989427
TI  - Recurrent Erythema and Desquamation of the Palms.

PMID- 19989428
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease of the Skin.

PMID- 19989429
TI  - "Berlock Dermatitis" (Pigmentation).

PMID- 19989430
TI  - Disseminated Staphylococcal Granuloma.

PMID- 19989431
TI  - Buccal Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19989432
TI  - Multiple Fibromata.

PMID- 19989433
TI  - Psoriasis in an Infant aged 2 months.

PMID- 19989434
TI  - Extensive Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19989435
TI  - Two Cases of Acusticus Tumour: With Clinical and Pathological Reports.

PMID- 19989436
TI  - Lupus of Palate, Pharynx and Larynx. (Further Report of Case previously Shown).

PMID- 19989437
TI  - Intranasal Radical Ethmoidectomy. A Series of Cases showing End-results.

PMID- 19989438
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus in a Male aged 45 years, treated with Radon Seeds.
      Patient free from symptoms two years later.

PMID- 19989439
TI  - Endothelioma of Left Maxillary Sinus, Nasopharynx and Cervical Glands.
      Disappearance of all Foci after X-ray Treatment.

PMID- 19989440
TI  - Carcinoma of Pharynx treated by Radium and deep X-ray Therapy.

PMID- 19989442
TI  - Congenital Shortening of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19989441
TI  - Choanal Polyp which caused Death by Respiratory Obstruction.

PMID- 19989444
TI  - Congenital Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula in an Infant.

PMID- 19989443
TI  - Lingual Goitre.

PMID- 19989445
TI  - Demonstration of Instruments.

PMID- 19989447
TI  - Abnormal Internal Semilunar Cartilage of the Knee.

PMID- 19989446
TI  - Four Cases of High Fracture of the Neck of the Femur, treated by the use of a
      Smith-Petersen Pin.

PMID- 19989448
TI  - Case of Progressive Myositis (Fibrositis) Ossificans.

PMID- 19989450
TI  - Two Cases of Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of Patella.

PMID- 19989449
TI  - Case of Severe Comminution of the Femur.

PMID- 19989451
TI  - The Anti-Anaemic Principle in Stomach Tissue.

PMID- 19989452
TI  - Cured Coeliac Disease: Achondroplasia.

PMID- 19989453
TI  - Aneurysm of External Iliac Artery complicated by Gangrene of the Foot.

PMID- 19989455
TI  - Diabetes Mellitus.

PMID- 19989454
TI  - Partial Forward Dislocation (? Cause) of Fourth on Fifth Lumbar Vertebra, with
      Secondary Sciatica.

PMID- 19989456
TI  - Inflammatory Lesion in Cervical Cord.

PMID- 19989457
TI  - Purpura, with Transient Lesion of Mid-Brain.

PMID- 19989458
TI  - Giant-celled Tumour of Sacrum.

PMID- 19989460
TI  - Papilloma of Bladder.

PMID- 19989459
TI  - Maternal Obstetrical Paralysis.

PMID- 19989461
TI  - Severe Bilateral OEdema of the Eyelids for Thirteen Years.

PMID- 19989462
TI  - Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19989463
TI  - General Adenitis: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989464
TI  - Two Cases of Inguinal Hernia (Scrotal) cured by the Injection Method.

PMID- 19989465
TI  - Anaemia of Von Jaksch.

PMID- 19989466
TI  - Ankylostomiasis.

PMID- 19989467
TI  - Three Types of Haemolytic Anaemia in the New-born.

PMID- 19989468
TI  - Chlorotic Anaemia with Dwarfism and Rickets.

PMID- 19989469
TI  - Chlorotic Type of Anaemia.

PMID- 19989471
TI  - Icterus Gravis Neonatorum.

PMID- 19989470
TI  - "Pernicious" Blood Picture in an Infant, with Recovery.

PMID- 19989472
TI  - Histological Preparations from Cases of Icterus Gravis Neonatorum.

PMID- 19989474
TI  - Megalodactyly. ? Cause.

PMID- 19989473
TI  - Severe Anaemia in a New-born Child.

PMID- 19989475
TI  - Acquired Acholuric Jaundice, with acquired Fragility of Red Cells.

PMID- 19989477
TI  - Influenzal Meningitis.

PMID- 19989476
TI  - Anaemia: probably Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19989478
TI  - The Sun, the Toothdrawer and the Saint.

PMID- 19989479
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSATION AND TREATMENT OF INTERSTITIAL NEURITIS: Joint
      Discussion No. 9.

PMID- 19989480
TI  - Evidence regarding the Different Types of Periodontal Disease.

PMID- 19989482
TI  - Struma Ovarii.

PMID- 19989481
TI  - The Ventilation, Heating and Lighting of Hospital Wards.
AB  - History of ventilation in last 100 years, showing reversal of ideas and influence
      of sanatorium idea.Physiology of cool moving air. How it affects metabolism, heat
      loss and heat-production. Relation to sunlight. Reactive capacity of the
      individual.Practice of these teachings, as illustrated by sanatorium treatment of
      tuberculosis and by open-air schools. Exposure to cooling air a powerful
      therapeutic agent. Infrequent occurrence in sanatoria of diseases or
      complications often ascribed to cold. Dilution of infection. Applicability to
      diseases other than tuberculosis. Shock and old age.Perflation and diffusion,
      their relative values. Uniformity or variability of effect desirable?
      Incompatibility of good ventilation and ordinary standards of heating. Former the
      more important. Conclusion that ward temperatures may be lowered without harm.
      Measures necessary to compensate, clothing, classification of patients, small
      wards. Changing standards of comfort. Psychological effects.Systems of
      ventilation in hospital wards. Mechanical by propulsion or extraction being
      displaced by natural system, usually by cross-window ventilation. Supplementary
      ventilators. Objection to heating of incoming air. Fallibility of human factor in
      management. Sash versus casement windows. Hoppers. Austral window. Orientation
      and exposure of wards. Ventilation of small wards. Proportion of window space to
      solid wall. Balconies. Floor space.Heating of wards. Heating of air or floor or
      walls. Open fires. Value of radiant heat. Steam or water under low or high
      pressure. Radiators or pipes.Lighting. Avoidance of glare from windows.
      Arrangement of beds in wards. Colour of walls. Blinds and curtains. Artificial
      lighting.

PMID- 19989484
TI  - A Review of 658 Ovariotomies.

PMID- 19989483
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Corpus Uteri.

PMID- 19989485
TI  - Recto-sigmoidectomy as a Method of Treatment for Procidentia Recti.

PMID- 19989486
TI  - Volvulus of the Caecal Angle.

PMID- 19989487
TI  - Volvulus of a Mega-colon.

PMID- 19989488
TI  - Carcinoma of Colon in a Girl, aged 17.

PMID- 19989489
TI  - Abdomino-perineal Excision of the Rectum and a Modified Wertheim's Operation for
      Carcinoma.

PMID- 19989490
TI  - Diverticulitis of the Caecum.

PMID- 19989491
TI  - The Significance of Small Measurements in Mental Disorder.
AB  - Measurements must be outside the limits of experimental error.Clinically it is
      seldom possible to make a series of measurements of the same material.Hence the
      accuracy of a method must be previously determined in the laboratory.Small
      degrees of physical abnormality have an importance in mental disease which they
      may not possess in the wards of a general hospital.EXAMPLES DISCUSSED: Latent
      jaundice; mild degrees of uraemia; lymphocytosis.

PMID- 19989492
TI  - The Physiological Basis of the Neuroses.
AB  - In many ways in physiology and psychology one sees evidences of "patterns."
      Sensory stimuli are usually received as a pattern and most motor responses take
      the form of a clear-cut pattern of movements. The majority of the reactions in
      the central nervous system are concerned with patterns of impulses rather than a
      single nerve impulse.It is suggested that when two patterns meet, the interaction
      is subject to two definite laws:-(1) Similar patterns integrate and become one
      pattern, the differences between them building up to a new pattern.(2) Dissimilar
      patterns are dealt with by the complete acceptance or establishment of one
      pattern and the total rejection of the other.Examples are given to illustrate
      these two laws.IT IS SUGGESTED THAT WHETHER TWO PATTERNS ARE TREATED AS SIMILAR
      OR DISSIMILAR WILL DEPEND ON: (1) The nature of the patterns themselves and; (2)
      the state or type of the nervous system.It is suggested that in the neuroses,
      what is really happening is that the person is treating as dissimilar certain
      patterns which are usually considered to be similar.Clinical applications are
      discussed.

PMID- 19989493
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PER-URETHRAL TREATMENT OF THE ENLARGED PROSTATE.

PMID- 19989494
TI  - A Case of Tar Epithelioma of the Lid Margin: with Pathological Report.

PMID- 19989495
TI  - An Operation for the Relief of Congenital Ptosis.

PMID- 19989497
TI  - DISCUSSION ON UTERINE INERTIA.

PMID- 19989496
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Bronchus.

PMID- 19989499
TI  - Epithelioma of Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19989498
TI  - Radium in Ophthalmology: with Illustrative Cases.

PMID- 19989500
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19989501
TI  - Melanoma of Right Eye.

PMID- 19989502
TI  - Mooren's Ulcer (both eyes).

PMID- 19989503
TI  - Mooren's Ulcer (right).

PMID- 19989504
TI  - Mooren's Ulcer (left).

PMID- 19989505
TI  - VII, VIII, IX.-Spring Catarrh.

PMID- 19989506
TI  - Squamous Epithelioma (upper eyelid).

PMID- 19989507
TI  - Rodent Ulcer of Lower Lid.

PMID- 19989508
TI  - Rodent Ulcer of Left Inner Canthus.

PMID- 19989509
TI  - Recurrent Sarcoma of Orbit.

PMID- 19989510
TI  - Recurrent Sarcoma of Choroid.

PMID- 19989511
TI  - Lymphosarcoma of Orbit.

PMID- 19989512
TI  - Telangiectasia (Stellate Naevi) with Elastic Dystrophy.

PMID- 19989513
TI  - Lichen Plano-pilaris. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989515
TI  - Congenital Hypotrichosis in a Child.

PMID- 19989514
TI  - Bilateral Thoracic Zosteroid Spreading Marginate Telangiectasia-probably a
      Variety of "Carcinoma Erysipelatodes" (C. Rasch)-associated with Unilateral
      Mammary Carcinoma, and better termed "Carcinoma Telangiectaticum".

PMID- 19989516
TI  - Arsenical Keratoses: Multiple Basal-Cell Carcinomata and Arsenical "Warts".

PMID- 19989518
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19989517
TI  - Localized Pemphigus.

PMID- 19989520
TI  - Fox-Fordyce Disease.

PMID- 19989519
TI  - Ichthyosis Histrix. (Familial).

PMID- 19989521
TI  - Pseudo-Elephantiasis of the Hands.

PMID- 19989523
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides (Granuloma Fungoides).

PMID- 19989522
TI  - Pigmentation of Oral Mucosa: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989524
TI  - Tinea Imbricata (Case showing great Improvement).

PMID- 19989525
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19989526
TI  - Lichen Planus. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989527
TI  - A Misplaced Unerupted Upper Central Incisor: Operative and Orthodontic Treatment,
      supplemented by Ultra-violet Light Therapy.

PMID- 19989528
TI  - Hypertrophic Gingivitis.

PMID- 19989529
TI  - Unique Dental Cyst.

PMID- 19989530
TI  - Restoration Appliances for use after Excision of the Maxillae and Partial
      Excision of the Mandible.

PMID- 19989531
TI  - Pathological Changes in a Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19989532
TI  - Appliances for Radium Treatment.

PMID- 19989533
TI  - Spread of Caries in Hypoplastic Dentine. (2) Structure of Enamel Lamellae.

PMID- 19989534
TI  - Myxoma of Mandible.

PMID- 19989535
TI  - Myeloma of Mandible.

PMID- 19989536
TI  - The Use of Diatol in Dental Diathermy.

PMID- 19989537
TI  - Demonstration of a New Apparatus for Examination, Diagnosis and Therapeutics of
      Chronic Deafness.

PMID- 19989538
TI  - Demonstration of High-frequency Apparatus.

PMID- 19989540
TI  - The Present Need for the Study of the History of Medicine: (Section of the
      History of Medicine).

PMID- 19989539
TI  - New Views on the Metabolism of Carbohydrate and Fat and its Relation to Insulin:
      some Results with the High Carbohydrate-Low Fat Diet in Diabetes: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19989541
TI  - Erythro-leukaemia (Polycythaemia Rubra Vera-Vaquez's Disease-Associated with
      Myeloid Leukaemia).

PMID- 19989543
TI  - Achlorhydric Anaemia with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19989542
TI  - Erythraemia with Great Excess of Uric Acid in the Blood.

PMID- 19989544
TI  - Syphilitic Aortitis and Diffuse Pulmonary Fibrosis.

PMID- 19989546
TI  - Spina Bifida Occulta with Trophic Changes in the Legs.

PMID- 19989545
TI  - Gout in the Hands of a Young Woman of Gouty Inheritance.

PMID- 19989548
TI  - Sarcoma of the Nose in an Infant.

PMID- 19989547
TI  - Case of Burning by Electricity in a Child.

PMID- 19989549
TI  - OEdema in the Leg of a Child: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989550
TI  - Elephantiasis twelve years after treatment by Kondoleon's Operation.

PMID- 19989551
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease after Plication of the Sigmoid Flexure.

PMID- 19989552
TI  - A Pharmacological Approach to the Cause of Asthma: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).
AB  - About four years ago I began the investigation of an obscure pharmacological
      problem which, though interesting enough from a theoretical standpoint, offered
      no hope that any result of general importance might emerge from it. In the course
      of the work a number of new observations have been made which, taken together,
      suggest that adrenaline in circulation in the body has a function in relation to
      the sympathetic system not hitherto assigned to it. The results indicate that the
      efficiency of the sympathetic nerve (that is to say the size of the response
      elicited by a given impulse passing down a sympathetic nerve) depends upon the
      amount of adrenaline in circulation in the blood. The pathological application of
      this arises from the consideration that in some persons the amount of adrenaline
      in circulation may be below normal; some evidence derived from asthmatic patients
      is in support of this, and there is some evidence that the amount of adrenaline
      in the blood of different cats differs. If the amount of adrenaline in different
      persons does indeed vary, it follows that those persons in whom the amount of
      circulating adrenaline is abnormally low will possess a relatively inefficient
      sympathetic system; they will be predisposed to asthma. Should any chronic
      inflammatory change develop, leading either to a direct or to a reflex diminution
      of the bronchiolar air way, these patients will be unable to dilate their
      bronchioles and will suffer an asthmatic attack. The conception of the
      predisposing cause of asthma as being a deficient secretion of adrenaline which
      enfeebles the sympathetic nerves suggests fresh methods of treatment for the
      alleviation of the disease, by the addition to the diet of the precursors of
      adrenaline.

PMID- 19989553
TI  - Some Observations on Injuries to Joints: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19989554
TI  - Further Considerations Regarding the Characteristic Features of Influenza Waves:
      (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19989555
TI  - The Influence of Wars on the Craft of Surgery: (United Services Section).

PMID- 19989556
TI  - Some Problems of Modern Radiology: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19989557
TI  - Strategy in the Fight against Cancer: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19989558
TI  - The Relationship Between Genito-Urinary Haemorrhage and Diseases of the Vascular
      System: (Section of Urology).
AB  - The diseases of the vascular system which cause haemorrhage from the genito
      urinary tract are:-(1) Those in which changes are noted in the blood and
      capillary endothelium, and(2) Those in which alterations of a pathological nature
      are taking place in the walls of both large and small blood-vessels, but in which
      there is no change in the blood itself.In the first group are the purpuras; in
      the second arteriosclerosis, hyperpiesis and atheroma.This paper is confined to a
      discussion of the latter group of diseases in relation to genito-urinary
      haemorrhage.Little attention has been paid to sudden loss of blood from the
      kidney, bladder, or genitalia in support of a diagnosis of a vascular lesion,
      other than angioma. Haemorrhage in these cases may be purely renal, vesical, or
      penile.Investigations consist of examination of the superficial arteries,
      estimation of the blood-pressure, examination of the blood and cystoscopy.
      Surgical lesions must be excluded by the usual well-known methods.A careful
      record has been kept of fifteen cases of arteriosclerosis in which haemorrhage
      from the genito-urinary tract has been the predominant manifestation of the
      disease. Details are given of nine patients with renal, one with vesical and
      three with urethral haemorrhage. Two cases of thrombosis of the penis are also
      included.From a study of the literature here the cases of urethral haemorrhage
      and thrombosis of the penis, recorded as due to arterial disease, appear to be
      unique.

PMID- 19989559
TI  - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON RADIUM AND X-RAY THERAPY.

PMID- 19989560
TI  - Anaesthesia in Gynaecology: (Section of Anaesthetics).
AB  - The operations of gynaecology are divided into two classes: (1) Minor: including
      perineal repairs, colporrhaphies, vaginal hysterectomies, dilatations and
      curettings, etc., and (2) Major: abdominal sections. For both groups routine
      premedication is a combination of morphia and nembutal, the former in (1/6)
      grain, and the latter in 3-grain doses.For Group 1 three methods of anaesthesia
      are described: (a) Ethylene and oxygen, producing in nearly all cases an adequate
      depth of anaesthesia without the addition of ether. A safe type of anaesthesia
      and one from which recovery takes place quickly. (b) Planocaine in 20% solution,
      made up with sodium bisulphate, as a spinal anaesthetic, described by Mr. Dickson
      Wright. The dose usually injected is 0.5 c.c. (c) Sodium evipan given
      intravenously, though rather uncertain in action seems to serve well for such
      minor operations as curettage and insertion of radium.In Group 2 (major
      operations), the author's choice is between (a) ether administered with a little
      additional oxygen to counteract the asphyxial tendency which the Trendelenburg
      position occasions, and (b) spinal anaesthesia with percaine. For intra-abdominal
      pelvic surgery the latter is a very safe method for two reasons: (1) The dose
      required is comparatively small, and (2) the Trendelenburg position helps
      materially to prevent the fall of blood-pressure which a spinal anaesthetic tends
      to produce.

PMID- 19989561
TI  - Sprue commencing at 11(1/2) years of age.

PMID- 19989562
TI  - Mongolism and Achondroplasia in Twin Brothers.

PMID- 19989564
TI  - Two Cases of Amyotonia Congenita (Werdnig-Hoffmann's Disease).

PMID- 19989563
TI  - Extreme Hepatomegaly in an Infant.

PMID- 19989565
TI  - Atelectatic Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19989567
TI  - Enlarged Thymus.

PMID- 19989566
TI  - Congenital Laryngeal Stridor. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989568
TI  - Specimen: Lymphangioma of Liver.

PMID- 19989569
TI  - Amyloid Disease in a Patient with Bone Tuberculosis, uncomplicated by secondary
      infection: treated with liver extract.

PMID- 19989570
TI  - Traumatic Pneumothorax with Displacement of the Mediastinum Towards the Side of
      the Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19989571
TI  - Helminthology: A Chapter in Comparative Medicine: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19989572
TI  - Some Observations on Two West Indian Parasites of Man: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19989573
TI  - Persistent Erythematous Telangiectatic Condition of Feet, associated with a
      Congenital-developmental Abnormality of Body-build allied to Arachnodactylia.

PMID- 19989575
TI  - Generalized Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19989574
TI  - Sequel to a Case of Polydermatomyositis.

PMID- 19989576
TI  - Leprosy.

PMID- 19989577
TI  - Prurigo Nodularis.

PMID- 19989578
TI  - Rare Type of Xanthoma.

PMID- 19989579
TI  - Syringocystadenoma ? Apocrine Gland Naevus.

PMID- 19989580
TI  - Benign Lymphogranuloma-Miliary Lipoid.

PMID- 19989581
TI  - Unusual Pigmentation: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989583
TI  - Folliculitis decalvans: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989582
TI  - Morphoea or Vitiligo: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989584
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa with Slight Telangiectasia.

PMID- 19989585
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa with Marked Telangiectasia.

PMID- 19989586
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19989588
TI  - Sclerodactylia: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989587
TI  - Case shown for Diagnosis as ? Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans and later
      proved to be Kaposi's (so called) "Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Sarcoma".

PMID- 19989589
TI  - Gummata of Back.

PMID- 19989591
TI  - Cysts in Detached Retina.

PMID- 19989590
TI  - Hypotony after Sclero-corneal Trephining.

PMID- 19989592
TI  - Pemphigus Conjunctivae.

PMID- 19989593
TI  - Staphylococcal Abscess of Sclerotic.

PMID- 19989594
TI  - Juvenile Macular Exudative Retinitis. (? Type I Coats).

PMID- 19989595
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of the Ciliary Body.

PMID- 19989596
TI  - Familial Occurrence of Microcorneae Associated with Brachydactyly.

PMID- 19989597
TI  - Ruptured Globe, with Cataract.

PMID- 19989598
TI  - Depth Perception Test.

PMID- 19989599
TI  - Tubular Spectacles.

PMID- 19989600
TI  - Acute Lupus Erythematosus, with Fundus Lesions.

PMID- 19989601
TI  - A Note on the Normal Medullation of the Optic Papilla in the Dog.

PMID- 19989602
TI  - The Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19989603
TI  - The Doctor, the Quack, and the Appetite of the Public for Magic in Medicine:
      (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19989604
TI  - The Smallpox Pandemic of 1870-1874: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).
AB  - The Vaccination Act of 1853 inspired by the Epidemiological Scoiety of London was
      the cause of the incidence and fatality of the pandemic being less in the United
      Kingdom than in foreign countries.Origin of pandemic in France before outbreak of
      Franco-Prussian War. Its spread through the country. Vaccination state of
      civilian population and army in France in 1870.Incidence, fatality and
      characteristics of the pandemic in England and Wales, London, Scotland and
      Ireland and foreign countries with special reference to Germany and German army.
      Lack of hospital accommodation for smallpox cases in London. M.A.B. hospitals
      opened. Absence of ambulance service. Aerial convection of smallpox. Smallpox
      fatality in the various Metropolitan boroughs.Incidence and fatality of smallpox
      heavy in civilian population in Germany as compared with the well-vaccinated
      army, but lower in Southern German States, where primary vaccination was
      compulsory, than in Prussia and Saxony which had no vaccination laws.Further
      statistics illustrating difference in smallpox fatality in different countries
      and groups of individuals according to their vaccination state.

PMID- 19989605
TI  - The Arthritic Hand: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19989606
TI  - Recent Laboratory Contributions to the Control of Yellow Fever: (Section of
      Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).
AB  - THE MOST IMPORTANT RECENT LABORATORY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CONTROL OF YELLOW FEVER
      WILL BE BRIEFLY SUMMARIZED UNDER THREE HEADINGS: (1) Methods of diagnosis, (2)
      Transmission, and (3) Protection.(1) Methods of diagnosis.-The development of
      improved methods of identification, in particular by immunity tests, has made it
      possible to diagnose yellow fever with much greater certainty. Moreover, since
      the immunity following an attack of the disease is usually of life-long duration,
      it is possible to determine what proportion of any particular population has been
      infected and also how long any district has been free from infection. The
      application of immunity tests to the delimitation of endemic zones, especially in
      West Africa, has led to a great increase in our knowledge, and yellow fever has
      been found to have a much wider distribution than was previously suspected. Among
      other methods of recognizing the disease may be mentioned complement-fixation
      tests and also in post-mortem material the histopathology of the liver.(2)
      Methods of transmission. Indirect.-The main factors in the transmision of the
      disease by mosquitoes have been elucidated, and the relations between the course
      of the infection in monkeys (and also presumably in man) and the infectivity of
      these animals to mosquitoes. It is found that the blood becomes infective at a
      very early stage, before febrile symptoms develop, and that infectivity usually
      disappears three to four days after the onset of fever, owing to the presence of
      immune bodies in the blood. It is evident that any yellow fever patient must be
      considered to have been capable of infecting mosquitoes before showing any signs
      of the disease. Many other species of mosquitoes in addition to the Aedes aegypti
      have now been shown capable of transmitting yellow fever.Direct.-It is now known
      that it is possible to acquire yellow fever in the absence of mosquitoes, through
      handling infected material. Many cases of laboratory infection have now been
      recorded in which other sources of infection can be definitely excluded.(3)
      Protection.-The most important advance in this direction has been the development
      of practicable methods of vaccination. The use of attenuated virus was followed
      by the use of virus and immune serum. The development of the latter has depended
      mainly on the discovery that when yellow fever virus is inoculated
      intracerebrally into mice, after a few passages it acquires neurotropic
      affinities and loses to a great extent its capacity for producing a general
      infection. The use of such virus, combined with human or animal immune serum, has
      been found to result in the development of a high degree of immunity comparable
      in intensity with that following an attack of the disease.

PMID- 19989607
TI  - Cancer of the Larynx treated by Surgery and Radium.

PMID- 19989609
TI  - Multiple Papillomata of both Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19989608
TI  - An Unusual Appearance of the Larynx.

PMID- 19989610
TI  - Papilloma of Larynx.

PMID- 19989612
TI  - Angeioma of Larynx.

PMID- 19989611
TI  - Post-Nasal Tumour: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989613
TI  - Laryngectomy for Carcinoma of Cricoid; Closure of Resultant Pharyngostome.

PMID- 19989614
TI  - Late Acute Polio-encephalitis.

PMID- 19989615
TI  - Specimen: Posterior half of Tongue and entire Hyoid Bone removed by Median
      Pharyngotomy on account of Carcinomatous Ulcer.

PMID- 19989617
TI  - Specimen: Torsion of Fibroid Polypus of Pyriform Fossa.

PMID- 19989616
TI  - Carcinoma of Epiglottis.

PMID- 19989618
TI  - Generalized Chronic Bronchiolectasis with Left Basal Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19989619
TI  - Carcinoma of Bronchus, as seen in serial Skiagrams.

PMID- 19989620
TI  - Rheumatic Fever following Erysipelas.

PMID- 19989622
TI  - Mycotic Aneurysm.

PMID- 19989621
TI  - Abdominal Carcinomatosis associated with Vasomotor Disturbances.

PMID- 19989623
TI  - Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Left Common Carotid Artery, of Atheromatous Origin.

PMID- 19989624
TI  - Resolution of a Traumatic Opacity in the Lung.

PMID- 19989625
TI  - Pott's Disease of Lumbar Spine, of unusual type, with Psoas and Gluteal
      Abscesses.

PMID- 19989626
TI  - Paroxysmal Tachycardia associated with an Organic Cardiac Lesion.

PMID- 19989627
TI  - Recurrent Sarcoma of Thigh.

PMID- 19989628
TI  - Lymphadenoma associated with (a) Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy and (b)
      Herpes Zoster.

PMID- 19989629
TI  - The Prognosis of Peptic Ulcers: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19989630
TI  - Neurospirochaetosis in the East African: (Section of Neurology).
AB  - (1) An inquiry was made at the Mathari Mental Hospital, Nairobi, into the
      validity in Kenya of the common belief that syphilitic infection of the nervous
      system is rare amongst Africans in their own environment.(2) The difficulties
      encountered by the inquiry are discussed, especially: (a) That arising from the
      presence of both yaws and syphilis in the colony; (b) that due to apparent
      unreliability of the Wassermann reaction under local conditions.(3) The incidence
      of a positive serum reaction in the general population was estimated.(4) The
      whole of the male adults in the hospital were selected for the inquiry.(5) The
      results are presented in tables showing: (a) Mental state and neurological and
      other signs; (b) serum reactions; (c) cerebrospinal fluid examination results,
      including those from the Lange colloidal gold reaction.(6) The post-mortem
      reports on four of the series who died during the inquiry are given.(7) The
      inquiry appears to allow the general conclusion that spirochoetal infection of
      the nervous system of the Kenya native is not uncommon.(8) Insufficient evidence
      is forthcoming for a decision as to whether the infection found was syphilitic,
      framboesial, or from an unknown source.(9) The question has much more than
      medical importance in view of the possibility that unchecked spirochaetal
      infection in the past may have been an environmental influence contributing to
      the present degree of cerebral deficiency found in the native by Dr. F. W. Vint
      and the writer, and reported elsewhere. (To the Eugenics Society on November 7,
      1933, by the writer, and in the next issue of the Journal of Anatomy, by Dr.
      Vint.).

PMID- 19989631
TI  - Icterus Gravis Neonatorum and Allied Diseases: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989632
TI  - Sympathectomy for Dysmenorrhoea: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989633
TI  - Suprarenal and Pituitary Tumours and their Correlation with Experimental
      Findings: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19989634
TI  - Some Aspects of Dermatological Work in Denmark: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19989636
TI  - Coincident Lupus Vulgaris and Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19989635
TI  - Tuberculin in the Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19989637
TI  - Symmetrical Hyperkeratosis of the Palms and Soles.

PMID- 19989638
TI  - Acne in a Child aged 2 years.

PMID- 19989639
TI  - Multiple Symmetrical Fibro-Angiomatous Naevi of the Face and Hands.

PMID- 19989640
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans (Quinquaud).

PMID- 19989641
TI  - Eruptive Hydradenoma (Jacquet and Darier).

PMID- 19989642
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19989643
TI  - Tricho-epithelioma.

PMID- 19989644
TI  - Erythema Multiforme and Erythema Induratum.

PMID- 19989645
TI  - Ringed Lesion on Forehead: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989647
TI  - Kayser-Fleischer Ring in Cornea in two Cases of Wilson's Disease (Progressive
      Lenticular Degeneration).

PMID- 19989646
TI  - Sycosis of the Scalp with Cicatricial Alopecia.

PMID- 19989648
TI  - Three Cases of Arachnodactyly with Ocular Signs.

PMID- 19989649
TI  - Tuberculous Keratitis treated by Local Ultra-violet Rays.

PMID- 19989650
TI  - Three Cases of Congenital Nuclear Hypoplasia.

PMID- 19989651
TI  - Monocular Proptosis (Left) with Retinal Changes.

PMID- 19989652
TI  - Hole in the Disc.

PMID- 19989653
TI  - Bilateral Conjunctival Cysts.

PMID- 19989654
TI  - Pseudoglioma.

PMID- 19989655
TI  - A Demonstration of Congenital Abnormalities of the Iris and Lens: (Section of
      Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19989656
TI  - An Optometer.

PMID- 19989658
TI  - Vertigo: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989657
TI  - Metastatic Carcinoma of the Choroid: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19989660
TI  - Intrathecal Nerve Root Block. Some Contributions and a New Technique : (Section
      of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19989659
TI  - Epithelioma of External Auditory Meatus treated by Deep Radiotherapy. No Return
      after Six Months.

PMID- 19989662
TI  - Recent Advances in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the OEsophagus from the Surgical
      and Radiological Aspects: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19989661
TI  - The Investigation and Treatment of the Toxaemias of Pregnancy: (Section of
      Obstetrics adn Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989663
TI  - Carcinoma of the OEsophagus treated by Radiation.

PMID- 19989665
TI  - Carcinoma of Upper End of OEsophagus, apparently cured by the application of
      Radon Seeds.

PMID- 19989664
TI  - Method of Implanting Radon Seeds in OEsophageal Carcinoma.

PMID- 19989666
TI  - Squamous Epithelioma of Posterior Pharyngeal Wall treated by Combined Diathermy
      and Radon Seeds.

PMID- 19989667
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus in a Man aged 45 treated with Radon Seeds. Patient free
      from symptoms two years later.

PMID- 19989668
TI  - Lingual Tumour: (Further Report of Case previously shown).

PMID- 19989669
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of the Nose.

PMID- 19989671
TI  - Clinical and Pathological Aspects of the Adrenal Glands: (Clinical Section).

PMID- 19989670
TI  - Tracheotomy eleven years ago for Healed Laryngeal Tuberculosis, with Ankylosis of
      Cords: Further report on case previously shown.

PMID- 19989672
TI  - Adrenal Insufficiency.

PMID- 19989673
TI  - Addison's Disease associated with Syphilis and Fracture of the First Lumbar
      Vertebra.

PMID- 19989674
TI  - Addison's Disease.

PMID- 19989676
TI  - Addison's Disease and Tetany.

PMID- 19989675
TI  - Addison's Disease: Abdominal Operation.

PMID- 19989677
TI  - Addison's Disease.

PMID- 19989679
TI  - Adreno-genital Syndrome (Cushing type).

PMID- 19989678
TI  - A Pseudohermaphrodite with Suprarenal Cortical Hyperplasia.

PMID- 19989680
TI  - Two Cases demonstrating the Adreno-genital Syndrome.

PMID- 19989682
TI  - Pseudohermaphroditism and Suprarenal Hyperplasia.

PMID- 19989681
TI  - Specimens and Clinical History of a Case of Renal Aplasia with Cortical Adrenal
      Hyperplasia.

PMID- 19989683
TI  - Specimen from Case of Suprarenal Haemorrhage following Breech Delivery.

PMID- 19989685
TI  - Some Renal Abnormalities: (Section for the Study of Disease in Children).

PMID- 19989684
TI  - History of a Case of Carcinoma of the Adrenal Cortex with Cushing's Syndrome.

PMID- 19989686
TI  - Renal Rickets with Calcification in the Kidneys.

PMID- 19989687
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic Pyuria treated with Autogenous Vaccines.

PMID- 19989688
TI  - Tuberculous Epididymitis and Tuberculous Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19989689
TI  - Pyelonephritis with Renal Failure and ultimate Recovery.

PMID- 19989690
TI  - Wilms' Tumour, or Renal Embryoma of Infancy.

PMID- 19989691
TI  - Sexual Precocity in a Girl aged 3 Years.

PMID- 19989693
TI  - Report on Case and Specimen of Double Ureterocoele with Dilated Ureters and Early
      Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19989692
TI  - Congenital Heart-block.

PMID- 19989694
TI  - Three Views of Parts removed from an Infant, the subject of several Deformities.

PMID- 19989695
TI  - Atrophy of the Testis following Neonatal Orchitis (? Intra-uterine Torsion).

PMID- 19989696
TI  - Simplified Method of Determining Percentage of Actual Hearing-power in Tuning
      fork Tests: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989697
TI  - Hearing Aids and Hearing Tests: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989698
TI  - The Use of the Audiometer: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989699
TI  - Two Cases of Paget's Disease with High Degree of Deafness, greatly helped by
      "Bone-Conducting" Electrical "Aid".

PMID- 19989700
TI  - Tympanic Membranes which move with Respiration.

PMID- 19989702
TI  - The Toxic Effects of Substances of the Carbon Tetrachloride Type: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19989701
TI  - Therapeutic Action of Injectio Ferri B.P: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).
AB  - The injection of iron, which was introduced into the British Pharmacopoeia, 1932,
      has been carefully tested in ten cases of anaemia.The parenteral administration
      of iron is rarely desirable, because the therapeutic dose of iron by injection is
      so near to the toxic dose. Injectio Ferri B.P. has a very low therapeutic
      efficiency owing to its small content of iron; it is also painful, though this
      may be corrected by the addition of a local anaesthetic such as 3% procaine
      hydrochloride.Double the maximum official dose of Injectio Ferri B.P., i.e. 14
      mgm. of metallic iron, can apparently be safely given at one injection, but it
      would be necessary to give this dose twice a day for about six weeks to equal the
      effects of large doses of iron by mouth. The treatment of anaemia by weekly or bi
      weekly injections of small doses of iron is irrational and to be deplored.

PMID- 19989703
TI  - State-aided Dental Research: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19989705
TI  - The Uses and Dangers of Hypnotic Drugs other than Alkaloids: (Section of
      Psychiatry with Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology): Joint Discussion No.
      1.

PMID- 19989704
TI  - Avitaminosis (B Group) in Tropical and Temperate Countries: (Section of Tropical
      Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19989706
TI  - Elephantiasis Nostras (Non-filarial Elephantiasis): (Section of Tropical Diseases
      and Parasitology).

PMID- 19989707
TI  - On Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology in the Hippocratic Collection: (Section
      of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19989708
TI  - The Present Position of Collapse Therapy in Lung Disease: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19989710
TI  - Calcification of Pelvic and Lumbar Glands in Chronic Prostatitis.

PMID- 19989709
TI  - Renal Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19989711
TI  - A Large Ureteric Calculus passed Spontaneously into the Bladder.

PMID- 19989713
TI  - Subsequent History of a Case after Per-Urethral Prostatic Resection.

PMID- 19989712
TI  - Hypogonadism.

PMID- 19989714
TI  - The Medical Aspects of Crime: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19989715
TI  - Four Cases of Fracture of the Os Calcis Treated by Bohler's Method.

PMID- 19989716
TI  - Calcification of the Semilunar Cartilages.

PMID- 19989718
TI  - Spondylolisthesis of the 4th Lumbar Vertebra with a Crush-fracture of the 2nd and
      Sacralization of the 5th.

PMID- 19989717
TI  - A Family with Congenital Absence of the Heads of the Femora.

PMID- 19989719
TI  - Bilateral Intermetatarsal Bone.

PMID- 19989721
TI  - Traumatic Anterior Dislocation of the Hip.

PMID- 19989720
TI  - Dislocation of the Sacro-iliac Joint Reduced by Hoke's Traction.

PMID- 19989722
TI  - Fracture of the Neck of the Femur, treated by a Modification of the Smith
      Petersen-Pin Method.

PMID- 19989723
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa with Telangiectasis occurring in an Elderly Adult.

PMID- 19989724
TI  - Early Epithelioma in a Child aged 4 years.

PMID- 19989725
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19989727
TI  - Poikilodermia of the Face (Civatte's type) in a Girl aged 14(1/2) years.

PMID- 19989726
TI  - Psoriasis Arthropathica in a Woman whose Twin Sister was Similarly Affected.

PMID- 19989728
TI  - The Importance of Posture in Radiodiagnosis: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19989730
TI  - Respiratory Failure: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19989729
TI  - Modern Views on Respiration: Normal Regulation of Respiration: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19989731
TI  - Calcinosis Universalis.

PMID- 19989732
TI  - Calcification in Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19989733
TI  - Infantile Scurvy (Barlow's Disease).

PMID- 19989734
TI  - Ulcer in connexion with Keloidal Condition on Left Leg: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989736
TI  - (?) Diffuse Osteitis Fibrosa with Spontaneous Fracture of the Left Femur.

PMID- 19989735
TI  - Tumours of Jaws: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989737
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Cavity treated by Apicolysis.

PMID- 19989738
TI  - Chronic Apical Tuberculosis treated by Upper Thoracoplasty.

PMID- 19989739
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis with large Apical Cavity treated by Thoracoplasty.

PMID- 19989741
TI  - Precocious General Development of Normal Type in a Girl aged 14.

PMID- 19989740
TI  - Reconstruction of Common Bile-duct.

PMID- 19989742
TI  - Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis, with Unilateral Buphthalmus and Multiple
      Changes in the Face and Skull.

PMID- 19989743
TI  - OEdema: Milroy Type.

PMID- 19989744
TI  - Carotid Pulsation (Resembling Aneurysm) in a Woman with Hypertension and
      Myxoedema.

PMID- 19989745
TI  - Hemiatrophy of the Face (Unilateral Lipodystrophy). Condition improved by
      Insertion of Fat Grafts.

PMID- 19989746
TI  - Haemolytic Acholuric Jaundice with Splenomegaly and Normal Erythrocyte Fragility
      treated by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19989747
TI  - The Factors which Influence Renal Function and the Various Methods of
      Investigation: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19989749
TI  - Summarized Reports of Eight Cases of Coloboma of Iris and Choroid (Congenital).

PMID- 19989748
TI  - The Treatment of Mucous Colitis: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19989750
TI  - Two Cases of Ocular Tumour.

PMID- 19989751
TI  - Embolism of Left Ophthalmic Artery.

PMID- 19989752
TI  - Two Cases illustrating Defective Form and Colour Vision (Familial).

PMID- 19989753
TI  - The Spread of the Iron Compound in Siderosis Bulbi: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19989755
TI  - Tumour of Iris.

PMID- 19989754
TI  - Three Groups of Unusual Fundus Disturbances: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19989756
TI  - Mooren's Ulcer.

PMID- 19989757
TI  - Louping-ill: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19989758
TI  - Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (Urbach-Oppenheim).

PMID- 19989760
TI  - Telangiectasia (? Osler-Rendu-Weber Familial Telangiectases) in Association with
      Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19989759
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19989761
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989762
TI  - Poikilodermia Atrophicans Vasculare.

PMID- 19989763
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19989764
TI  - Acne Scrofulosorum and Erythema Induratum associated with Arthritis (Poncet
      type).

PMID- 19989765
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19989767
TI  - Ulcerating Keloid in an Infant.

PMID- 19989766
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19989768
TI  - Two Cases of Folliculitis Decalvans.

PMID- 19989769
TI  - Telangiectasia of the Face, Neck, and Arms, associated with Pregnancy.

PMID- 19989770
TI  - A Case of Anidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia showing Extensive Dental Defect:
      (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19989771
TI  - The Reaction and Regeneration of Cementum in Various Pathological Conditions :
      (Section of Odontology).
AB  - (1) The reaction of cementum and its adjoining tissues to induced pathological
      conditions associated with the gingival sulcus is described.(2) After subjecting
      the sulcus to interference, its histological appearance is compared with that of
      definite parodontal disease.(3) Various methods were adopted for these
      experiments, which were performed on monkeys.(4) Artificial pockets were produced
      by detaching the subgingival epithelium and underlying connective tissue from the
      cementum. RESULTS: (a) Cementum is easily removed accidentally, when scraping
      monkeys' teeth. (b) Reattachment of connective tissues to cementum is effected,
      but is usually incomplete. (c) Epithelium always firmly reunites with cementum.
      (d) The artificial sulcus which is usually deeper than normal does not show,
      microscopically, the same pathological changes as in parodontal disease.(5) In
      other experiments, in addition to deepening the sulcus, the cementum lining the
      pockets was also removed, leaving denuded dentine in contact with the connective
      tissue. A similar condition was achieved by another method in which a dental bur
      was inserted between two teeth below the gum margin. RESULTS: (a) The gingival
      epithelium is capable of forming a weak attachment to the dentine, though this
      does not usually occur. It always proliferates down and unites with the nearest
      layer of cementum. It seems to have a peculiar affinity for this tissue. (b)
      Underlying connective tissue does not usually unite with the dentine. When this
      happens it is effected by the regeneration of cementum, this new tissue being
      lined by new cementoblasts. (c) The width of the periodontal membrane, which was
      increased by the experiment, is reduced to a more normal level by deposition of
      new alveolar bone, and to a lesser extent by regeneration of cementum. (d) In
      this series of experiments the artificial pocket is permanent and somewhat
      resembles that of parodontal disease. This is probably due, not so much to the
      injury, but to its effects creating a space which forms an area of chronic
      stagnation.

PMID- 19989772
TI  - The Innervation and Vascular Supply of the Antrum: (Section of Laryngology).
AB  - An attempt has been made to obtain information about the condition of the pulp of
      teeth, immediately below the bony incision, made in the lateral antral wall in
      radical antrotomy, and to investigate the conditions obtaining in the vascular
      supply of that neighbourhood.THE INVESTIGATION HAS TWO PARTS: (1) Experimental;
      (2) Clinical.Experimental.-(a) Injections of specimens of the superior maxillae
      were made with lipiodol, then X-rayed. These showed vascular anastomoses along
      the antral floor.(b) Sections of the lateral antral wall and floor were cut and
      stained to show nerves and blood spaces.(c) The external carotid artery was
      injected with Prussian Blue and the maxilla then removed.(d) Transverse sections
      of the teeth denervated were cut and their pulps examined. Clinical.-The patients
      who had been submitted to operation were taken, and their teeth examined by:-(a)
      Transillumination. (b) Percussion. (c) Thermal tests. (d) Faradic currents. (e)
      Radiography. From these investigations it appears that the teeth are denervated
      but not devitalized by the trauma to the lateral antral wall above their apices.
      Their blood-supply is still present, and probably comes through a collateral
      anastomosis, along the antral floor and partly through the antral mucosa.

PMID- 19989773
TI  - Atrophic Rhinitis treated by Cartilage Grafts.

PMID- 19989774
TI  - Tuberculous Laryngitis; Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Syphilitic Aortitis; ? Aneurysm
      of Innominate Artery; Heart Block.

PMID- 19989775
TI  - Epithelioma of Tonsil and adjoining Region of Tongue removed by Diathermy.

PMID- 19989776
TI  - Multiple Nasal Perforations.

PMID- 19989777
TI  - Tumour of Tonsil and Soft Palate with Enlarged Glands in the Neck.

PMID- 19989778
TI  - Keratosis Pharyngis following removal of Tonsils.

PMID- 19989779
TI  - Endolaryngeal Chondroma: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989780
TI  - Post-menopausal Uterine Haemorrhage: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989781
TI  - Vaginal Hysterectomy: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989783
TI  - Chronic Nephritis: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19989782
TI  - The Treatment of Subacute Combined Degeneration: (Section of Neurology, and
      Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology): Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19989785
TI  - Leprosy.

PMID- 19989784
TI  - Naevus Unius Lateralis of the Mouth, associated with Multiple Naevi of Various
      Types.

PMID- 19989786
TI  - Case of Hirsuties treated by Ovarian Follicular Hormone.

PMID- 19989787
TI  - Epidemic of Obscure AEtiology occurring in a Coal Mine in Kent.

PMID- 19989788
TI  - Three Cases of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19989789
TI  - Post-Arsenical Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19989790
TI  - The Symptom of Vertigo: (United Services Section).

PMID- 19989791
TI  - Intracranial Pressure: Its Clinical and Pathological Importance: (Section of
      Neurology).

PMID- 19989792
TI  - The Composition of Human Perspiration (Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture): (Section of
      Physical Medicine).
AB  - Water given off by the skin is classified as insensible and sensible
      perspiration. Under normal conditions about 600 to 700 c.c. is evaporated from
      the skin in twentyfour hours. The chief physiological significance of the
      perspiration is to assist in regulating the body temperature.The constituents of
      perspiration are very variable. The average values calculated from the
      examination of fourteen male specimens and ten female specimens are given below:-
      [Table: see text]Examination of the figures obtained for the sweat shed by
      rheumatic subjects shows no marked divergence from those recorded for normal
      subjects.Lactic acid is stated to be present in relatively large amounts in
      sweat, but these results have not been confirmed.Moss (1923) demonstrated the
      importance of the loss of chloride which occurred during continued sweating. He
      showed that symptoms of water-poisoning occurred when men engaged in hard work in
      hot places drank water freely.Hancock, Whitehouse and Haldane (1930) point out
      that the percentage of chloride in sweat increases markedly with duration of
      sweating, and suggest that water poisoning is due to an alteration in the
      diffusion pressure of water in the body.The secretion is under control of the
      nervous system, and is normally excited through stimulation of the centres by
      warm blood. The sweat-glands are innervated by fibres of the sympathetic system.
      Adrenaline has, however, no action on the glands, while pilocarpine excites and
      atropine paralyses. Recent investigations suggest that acetyl-choline is
      liberated at the nerve-endings.

PMID- 19989794
TI  - The Failure of OEstrin as a Means of Inducing Labour: (Section of Therapeutics
      and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19989793
TI  - Therapeutics with Hormones of the Ovary : (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).
AB  - The proliferation of the endometrium in the first half of the normal cycle is
      caused by the follicular hormone. The transformation into the secretion phase in
      the second half is caused by the hormone developed by the yellow substance of the
      corpus luteum. The term "menstrual" bleeding must be preserved for the discharged
      endometrium which has been proliferated first by the follicular hormone, and then
      transformed into the secretion phase (pregravid phase) by the corpus luteum
      hormone. The growth of the uterus in childhood and its pubescence depends on the
      follicular hormone (vegetative activity of the ovary), just as does the
      preservation of turgor in the genitals of the puberal woman. Many years ago,
      cyclic genital activity in the castrated animal was first produced by the
      injection of hormone, and this effect is now employed as a test for ovarian
      hormones. I succeeded eighteen months ago in producing complete menstruation in
      the castrated woman. The size of the doses of ovarian hormones administered is
      the important factor. In numerous experiments I have shown that-according to our
      present conceptions-very large doses of follicular hormones are required to
      produce the proliferation phase of the endometrium. The required dose is about
      200,000 mouse units (= 1 million international units). For transformation of the
      proliferated endometrium into the secretion phase, 35 rabbit units of corpus
      luteum hormone are needed. The doses of follicular hormones up to now employed in
      therapeutics do not exert any traceable influence on the endometrium of the
      castrated woman. Neither have I noticed, that with doses of 600 or 1,000 mouse
      units, a shrivelling of the uterus which is due to long lasting functional
      troubles may be done away with. I have therefore proceeded to treat serious
      hormonal affections of the ovaries with very large doses of ovarian hormones.THIS
      PAPER REPORTS ON: (a) The effect of the follicular hormone on the hypoplastic
      uterus, in primary and secondary amenorrhoea; (b) spontaneous regulation of the
      cycle in secondary amenorrhoea also after treatment; (c) the treatment of
      symptoms produced by castration and at the climacteric; (d) the treatment of
      genital bleeding with corpus luteum hormone.

PMID- 19989796
TI  - Vaccination: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19989795
TI  - Some Aspects of Intestinal Diseases of European Children in the Tropics: (Section
      of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19989797
TI  - Palato-pharyngo-laryngeal Paralysis as a Complication of Thrombosis of the
      Lateral Sinus.

PMID- 19989798
TI  - Two Cases of Unsuspected Fractures of the Base of the Skull.

PMID- 19989799
TI  - Recovery of Hearing after Serous Labyrinthitis and Apparent Complete Loss Seven
      Months Previously.

PMID- 19989800
TI  - Bilateral Tuberculous Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19989801
TI  - Seven Patients illustrating Alleviation of Deafness and Tinnitus by the Zund
      Burguet Electrophonoide Method.

PMID- 19989802
TI  - Complete Stapes thrown off during Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, ?
      Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19989803
TI  - The Protracted-fractional X-ray Method (Coutard) in the Treatment of Cancer of
      the Larynx: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19989805
TI  - Fibroma of the Ovary-presenting in the Rectum.

PMID- 19989804
TI  - Adeno-carcinoma of Anal Skin.

PMID- 19989807
TI  - Adeno-carcinoma of the Abdominal Wall.

PMID- 19989806
TI  - Lymphoma of the Rectum: with Report of Three Cases: (Section of Surgery: Sub
      Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19989808
TI  - Rectal Prolapse treated by Amputation.

PMID- 19989809
TI  - Colloid Carcinoma of Caecum with Chronic Intussusception producing Severe
      Anaemia, treated by Resection and Anastomosis after Specimen of Blood
      Transfusions.

PMID- 19989810
TI  - Anal Lipoma.

PMID- 19989811
TI  - Carcinoma of the Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19989812
TI  - Two Cases of Recto-sigmoidal Carcinoma treated by Two-stage Perineo-abdominal
      Excision.

PMID- 19989813
TI  - Specimen of Post-rectal Fibro-leiomyoma.

PMID- 19989814
TI  - Inflamed Meckel's Diverticulum felt per Rectum.

PMID- 19989815
TI  - Fistula-in-ano, caused by the Ova of Oxyuris vermicularis.

PMID- 19989816
TI  - The Union of Fractures of Long Bones in Newborn Infants, without Surgical
      Treatment: (Section for the Study of Disease in Children).

PMID- 19989817
TI  - Cirrhosis of the Liver and Splenomegaly in Three Brothers.

PMID- 19989818
TI  - Acholuric Family Jaundice in an Infant.

PMID- 19989819
TI  - Hepatomegalia Glycogenica with Infantilism in Two Sisters.

PMID- 19989820
TI  - Some Observations on Carcinoma of the Prostate, with Special Reference to
      Treatment: (Section of Urology).
AB  - It is thought that valuable data should be obtained from a correlation of the
      clinical and histological features, when dealing with a large number of cases of
      carcinoma of the prostate. As a result it should be possible to elaborate a
      system of grouping, each group being characterized by a definite clinical
      syndrome, pathological features and individual prognosis.To be of value, a record
      of the end-results of treatment should be on this basis.Malignant disease of the
      prostate is not infrequently associated with benign hypertrophy, and not
      infrequently arises in a lateral or median lobe.Cystoscopy may be of definite
      value in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate.The perineal method of
      approach is the operation of choice in the small fibrous type of prostate,
      especially that which is suspected of being malignant.The results so far recorded
      in this country, in the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate by radium, are not
      encouraging.As a palliative method of treatment, trans-urethral diathermy should
      seldom be employed.The most satisfactory palliative method of treatment is a
      suprapubic cystostomy. Under certain circumstances, a radical perineal excision
      is justifiable and satisfactory results may be anticipated.

PMID- 19989821
TI  - An Inflatable Intestinal Bag as an Addition to the Technique of Uretero
      Colostomy: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19989823
TI  - Adenoma of Kidney.

PMID- 19989822
TI  - Injury to Bladder caused by in-dwelling Gum-Elastic Catheter.

PMID- 19989824
TI  - The AEtiology of Acute Rheumatism and Chorea in Relation to Social and
      Environmental Factors: (Section of Epidemiology and Section for the Study of
      Disease in Children): Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19989825
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of Bone: (Section of Orthopaedics and Section of Surgery):
      Joint Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19989826
TI  - Amyoplasia Congenita.

PMID- 19989828
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Neck. (Klippel-Feil's Disease or Web-Neck).

PMID- 19989827
TI  - A Form of Gigantism with Splanchnomegaly.

PMID- 19989829
TI  - Congenital Stenosis of the Hepatic Duct.

PMID- 19989831
TI  - Two Cases of Mediastinal Tumour: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989830
TI  - Sequel to Supposed Case of "Idiopathic" Hepatic Cirrhosis with Recurrent
      Jaundice, shown on April 10, 1930: Report and Specimen.

PMID- 19989832
TI  - Large Lymphangioma or Telangiectasis, occupying lower half of left Abdomen and
      left Leg.

PMID- 19989833
TI  - Yellow, thickened Nails.

PMID- 19989834
TI  - Gaucher's Disease. Splenectomy.

PMID- 19989835
TI  - Essential Purpura Haemorrhagica: (Previously shown October, 1931 ).

PMID- 19989836
TI  - Cushing's Basophil Pituitary Syndrome.

PMID- 19989837
TI  - Two Cases of Dyspituitarism.

PMID- 19989839
TI  - Basicranial Neoplasm with Multiple Cranial Nerve Paralyses: Apparent Cure by Deep
      X-ray Therapy.

PMID- 19989838
TI  - Plasmoma of Sacrum: Apparent Cure by Deep X-ray Therapy.

PMID- 19989840
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus: Disappearance of Growth after Deep X-ray Therapy; ?
      Damage to Lungs by X-rays.

PMID- 19989841
TI  - Nodal Rhythm.

PMID- 19989842
TI  - Abdominal Tumour.

PMID- 19989843
TI  - Hepatosplenomegaly with Mental Deficiency and Bone Changes.

PMID- 19989845
TI  - Pustular Psoriasis of the Extremities.

PMID- 19989844
TI  - Hepatosplenomegaly with Mental Deficiency and Bone Changes.

PMID- 19989846
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans, showing Result of Treatment.

PMID- 19989848
TI  - Pigmentary Eruption on Leg.

PMID- 19989847
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum in a Woman aged 69, and in her Son aged 33.

PMID- 19989850
TI  - Adenoma Sebaceum (Pringle).

PMID- 19989849
TI  - Two Cases of Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19989851
TI  - Parapsoriasis en Plaques.

PMID- 19989852
TI  - Recent Advances in the Pathology and Treatment of Lymphadenoma: (Section of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19989853
TI  - Derived Antigens as a Means of Studying the relation of Specific Combination to
      Chemical Structure: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19989854
TI  - A Note on the Treatment of Asthma: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19989855
TI  - Copper Therapy in Nutritional Anaemia: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19989856
TI  - The Treatment of Chronic Catarrhal Otitis Media (excluding Otosclerosis), and of
      Deafness and Dry Suppurative Otitis Media: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989858
TI  - Snake Bite: its Mechanism and Modern Treatment: (Section of Tropical Diseases and
      Parasitology).

PMID- 19989857
TI  - The Classification of Snakes in accordance with their Dentition and the Evolution
      of the Poison Fang: (Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19989859
TI  - William Harvey's Knowledge of Literature-Classical, Mediaeval, Renaissance and
      Contemporary: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19989860
TI  - The First Immunologist, James Pylarino (1659-1718), and the Introduction of
      Variolation: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19989861
TI  - Spontaneous Circumrenal Haematoma: (Section of Urology).
AB  - By spontaneous circum-renal haematoma is meant a condition of extensive
      extravasation of blood into the kidney bed and surrounding tissues, unassociated
      with trauma.Since this is manifested by a fairly uniform clinical picture, by
      similar operative findings, and by peculiar difficulties in treatment, I propose
      to discuss it as a clinical entity irrespective of its wide ultimate causation.
      Very few cases are reported in the English literature. Nevertheless, from the
      world literature I have collected 170 case reports, and on them, together with
      three further cases, I base the present paper.Etiologically the cases fall into
      three groups:-(1) Those due to definite disease of the kidney or its blood
      vessels, 58%.(2) Those due to extra-renal causes, 22%.(3) Those cases whose cause
      is obscure, 20%.In the first group neoplasms and inflammations of the kidney,
      aneurysms of the renal artery and arteriosclerosis are obvious causes. Many cases
      are due to obstruction of the renal veins.The classical triad of abdominal pain,
      signs of internal haemorrhage, and a tumour in the loin are often obscured by the
      resemblance of an acute abdominal catastrophe.In acute cases, expectant treatment
      is almost invariably fatal. Evacuation of the clot, tamponage and drainage has a
      mortality of about 40%, whilst nephrectomy in 55 cases showed a mortality of 22%.

PMID- 19989863
TI  - Unusual Coloration of Sclerotics.

PMID- 19989862
TI  - The Conditions Common to Ophthalmic And Dermatological Practice, such as Rosacea,
      Styes, Eczema, etc: (Section of Ophthalmology and Section of Dermatology): Joint
      Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19989864
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of the Choroid, Ciliary Body and Limbus. Intra-ocular extension
      of a plexiform neuroma of the fifth cranial nerve.

PMID- 19989866
TI  - Pemphigus Conjunctivae.

PMID- 19989865
TI  - Pemphigus Conjunctivae.

PMID- 19989867
TI  - Demonstration-Lecture on X-ray Cinematography.
AB  - The author describes a practical method of X-ray cinematography by which
      permanent records may be rapidly and inexpensively obtained.A photograph is taken
      of the screen-image by an ordinary cinematographic camera and by the use of
      continuous bands of positive film movements may be studied for any length of
      time. The advantage of this is specially obvious when examining such organs as
      the heart. These permanent records can be used for the following purposes:-1.
      Diagnostic.2. To compare with former records, in order to watch effects of
      treatment, or progress of a pathological condition.3. For teaching purposes.4.
      For transmission at home or abroad, so that they can be examined by other
      specialists who may wish to see what the former condition was.The process is
      simple enough to become routine practice in hospitals and institutions, and to be
      within the reach of every radiologist.The apparatus occupies only a small space,
      can be accommodated in any X-ray department, and can be operated by one
      person.The method is perfectly safe as far as the patient is concerned; that is
      to say there should be no difficulty in avoiding excessive exposure to radiation.

PMID- 19989869
TI  - The Association between Mortality and Density of Housing: (Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19989868
TI  - Malaria from a Zoological Point of View: (Section of Comparative Medicine).
AB  - PROTOZOAL PARASITES OCCURRING IN THE RED CELLS OF MAMMALS ARE: Hepatozoon,
      Babesia, Theileria and Plasmodium. The frequency with which these forms occur
      differs considerably in the different mammalian orders. But whilst there is a
      relationship apparent between the mammalian stem and the form of parasite, there
      appears to be an even closer association with the type of blood-sucking
      arthropods which the mode of life of the animals in a particular stem favours.
      Ungulates in the days of their greatest development chiefly roamed in herds over
      rather arid country not favouring mosquitoes, but suitable for tick infestation.
      Monkeys and bats are more likely to live in a humid sheltered environment where
      they are more liable to attack by mosquitoes.Knowledge of the plasmodial
      parasites of monkeys has up to recently been very meagre, but from the work of
      Sinton and Mulligan it appears certain that in the main distinct parasites occur
      respectively in the Oriental and Ethiopian regions, just as the genera of monkeys
      under present nomenclature are mainly confined to one or other of these zoo
      geographical realms. P. brasilianum occurring in the Neotropical monkeys is a
      distinct parasite from any Old World form. None of the monkey parasites are
      probably really very close to those of man.The apes evolved as part of a great
      Pliocene fauna, and their remains occur in Europe, Egypt and India. The
      progenitors even of the present-day African forms are found in the Indian
      deposits. In the gorilla and chimpanzee, forms of plasmodium, so far described,
      appear to be very similar to those of man, including the characteristic cresceni
      forms.In the main the races of men are essentially Pleistocene and Palaearctic.
      They none of them form true Neotropical, Australasian or Oriental man in the
      zoological sense, but it is less certain there is not a relationship in the case
      of the Ethiopian region. The parasites of malaria in any case do not show any
      apparent relationship to the usual zoogeographical realms, and their distribution
      and prevalence appear to be determined on quite other grounds than those normal
      to zoological distributions. P. vivaxoccurs almost throughout the world within
      the July and January isotherms of 60 degrees . P. falciparum is limited by the
      isotherms of 70 degrees . Quartan is believed by Knowles and Senior White to have
      a peculiar geographical distribution. Frequency of occurrence is, however,
      entirely different from distribution, and this parasite probably also has its
      distribution determined by factors other than those usually concerned in the
      distribution of animal forms of life. Among other features it appears to be
      associated with areas of severe endemicity, and becomes conspicuous when
      transmission is abeyance. Mer has recently shown that it has a very slow
      development in the mosquito, and this may explain some of its peculiarities.

PMID- 19989870
TI  - Constitutional Psychopathy: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19989871
TI  - The History of Haematology: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19989873
TI  - The Results of Suturing Divided Nerves, with Special Reference to the Treatment
      of Laryngeal Paralysis in Horses: (Section of Comparitive Medicine).

PMID- 19989872
TI  - The Otosclerosis Problem: including Reports of Two Cases Pathologically Examined
      (Dalby Memorial Lecture): (Section of Otology).
AB  - The essential causative factor of otosclerosis is a gradually increasing defect
      in the vasomotor mechanism which governs the nutrition of the structures of the
      organ of hearing as a whole. The axon reflexes are, of course, included in this
      vasomotor mechanism, and the stimulus which excites the vasomotor mechanism is
      sound and sound alone. Consequently the vestibular apparatus and the semicircular
      canals are unaffected in otosclerosis.There is no evidence whatever of any defect
      in any of the endocrine glands or their secretions in otosclerosis. Neither is
      there any evidence of any defect in the bone metabolism of the body. On the
      contrary the subjects of otosclerosis are, apart from their deafness, perfectly
      normal individuals with ordinary average health.The deafness of otosclerosis
      bears very little relationship to the extent of the disease in the bone. The
      deafness may be very severe when the stapes is hardly fixed at all.The severity
      of the tinnitus bears no relationship at all to the extent of the disease in the
      bone.The extent of the change in the bone bears very little relationship to the
      duration of the disease.The extent of the changes in the bone appears to depend
      upon the age of onset of the disease. The earlier in life that the otosclerosis
      begins, the more extensive will the bone lesion become.The deafness of
      otosclerosis is to a large extent functional, and is the result of the
      insufficient supply of blood to all the nerve-structures concerned in the
      perception of sound.The preponderance of women as subjects of otosclerosis is the
      result of the greater instability of their vasomotor system and the more frequent
      disturbances to which it is exposed.The changes in the bone show a remarkable
      bilateral symmetry even to minute details. This symmetrical distribution is
      readily explained by the writer's view of the causative factor of otosclerosis.
      The vasomotor nerves governing the nutrition of the organ of hearing are
      anatomically symmetrical like other nerve-structures in the body. If, therefore,
      structural changes occur as a result of defective functioning of those nerves,
      such structural changes will naturally be bilaterally symmetrical in their
      distribution.

PMID- 19989874
TI  - The Physiology and Pathology of the Pelvic Joints in Relation to Child-bearing:
      (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989875
TI  - The Bartonella and Related Parasites in Man and Animals (Oroya Fever and Verruga
      peruviana): (Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).
AB  - Through the investigations of Noguchi on the one hand, and Mayer and Kikuth on
      the other, the unity of the aetiology of Oroya fever and verruga peruviana has
      been demonstrated experimentally. The Bartonella bacilliformis, the causal
      organism of Oroya fever, belongs to a group of micro-organisms, the parasitic
      nature of which has been definitely proved during the last few years. Tests with
      a view to transmitting the disease to monkeys, and the aetiology, clinical data,
      pathology, therapy and immunobiology are further explained with reference to
      personal experiments.Bartonella muris, which was first observed by Mayer in 1921,
      was confirmed by Mayer, Borchardt and Kikuth to be the causal organism of
      infectious rat anaemia following splenectomy. After splenectomy of the rat, the
      latent parasite becomes virulent and often causes a fatal anaemia. The clinical
      course of this infection is connected with an endothelial reaction which can be
      demonstrated histologically. The infection is transmitted by rat lice.
      Chemotherapeutic experiments led to the discovery of an effective arsenic
      antimony compound with an index of 1: 3,500, which figure has never hitherto been
      reached in chemotherapy.The causal organism of dog anaemia following splenectomty
      is the Bartonella canis.Bartonella and bartonella-like structures as causal
      organisms and harmless blood parasites in various animals.On account of their
      peculiar behaviour the Grahamella, which were first described by Graham-Smith,
      should be kept strictly apart from the Bartonella and looked upon as a species by
      itself.

PMID- 19989876
TI  - Anaesthesia in Urinary Surgery: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19989877
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Fibula with Associated Deformity of the Femur.

PMID- 19989878
TI  - An Unusual Dislocating Hip.

PMID- 19989879
TI  - Lipoid Granulomatosis with Generalized Osteomalacia.

PMID- 19989880
TI  - Ununited Fracture of the Humerus with Ossification of the Flexor Muscles of the
      Forearm.

PMID- 19989882
TI  - Myositis Ossificans of Shoulder.

PMID- 19989881
TI  - Arthritis of Hip following Traumatic Dislocation.

PMID- 19989883
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Kyphosis.

PMID- 19989884
TI  - Congenital Absence of Ulna with Associated Deformity of Radius.

PMID- 19989885
TI  - Calcification of the Semilunar Cartilages: Further Report on a Case Previously
      Shown.

PMID- 19989886
TI  - Two Cases of Albers-Schonberg Disease.

PMID- 19989888
TI  - Aphonia of Forty-four Years' Duration caused by Inhalation of a Stud, requiring
      Tracheotomy: Voice reproduced during Digital Compression of Sides of Larynx.

PMID- 19989887
TI  - Hyperkeratosis or Pachydermia Laryngis associated with Unusual Bacterial
      Concretions around Ectopic Epithelial Cells in the Submucous Coat. Inspiratory
      Stridor.

PMID- 19989889
TI  - Restoration of Depressed Nose by Grafting of Cartilage: Six Cases.

PMID- 19989891
TI  - Papillomata of the Nasal Mucosa.

PMID- 19989890
TI  - Right Frontal Sinus Suppuration with Orbital Abscess. Abscess of Left Frontal
      Lobe producing Bilateral Visual Defects. Operation. Recovery with Partial
      Blindness.

PMID- 19989893
TI  - Specimen: Lymphangeioma of the Oesophagus.

PMID- 19989892
TI  - Two Specimens: Abscess in Frontal Lobe of Brain. Sinus Suppuration.

PMID- 19989894
TI  - Injection Treatment of Reducible Hernia (Abridged): (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19989895
TI  - The Scope of Evipan Anaesthesia: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19989896
TI  - Cysts of the Semilunar Cartilages of the Knee: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19989897
TI  - The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of Thorium Dioxide: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19989899
TI  - The Dental Aspect of Cleft Palates: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19989898
TI  - Speech Training for Cleft Palate Patients: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19989900
TI  - A Case of Geminated Second and Third Lower Molars.

PMID- 19989901
TI  - A Case of Dental Cysts.

PMID- 19989902
TI  - Self-administered Analgesia or the Midwifery of General Practice: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19989903
TI  - Congenital Syphilis and Splenic Anaemia in an Infant.

PMID- 19989905
TI  - Cooley's Anaemia.

PMID- 19989904
TI  - Craniotabes in Four-Months-Old Twins.

PMID- 19989906
TI  - Chronic Intussusception.

PMID- 19989907
TI  - Unilateral Post-Operative Chronic Parotitis.

PMID- 19989908
TI  - Haemolytic Streptococcal Septicaemia complicating Mastoid Disease. Recovery.

PMID- 19989910
TI  - Precocious Puberty in a Boy aged 5.

PMID- 19989909
TI  - Familial Hepato-splenomegaly: Two Cases occurring in Brothers.

PMID- 19989912
TI  - Partial Congenital Absence of Sacrum and Coccyx and ? Lower Sacral Roots.

PMID- 19989911
TI  - Pyloric Stenosis: Adenomyoma of Pylorus.

PMID- 19989913
TI  - Healed (Calcified) Miliary Tuberculosis of the Lungs.

PMID- 19989915
TI  - Corynebacterium Infections, with Special Reference to Caseous Lymphadenitis of
      Sheep: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19989914
TI  - Mongolian Blue Patches.

PMID- 19989916
TI  - Multiple Plane Warts.

PMID- 19989917
TI  - Cutaneous Haemosiderotic Pigmentation from Purpura in a Woman with High Blood
      Pressure.

PMID- 19989918
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19989919
TI  - Localized Myxoedema with Hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 19989920
TI  - Two Cases of Rosaceous Tuberculide.

PMID- 19989921
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19989922
TI  - Sarcoid of Boeck.

PMID- 19989923
TI  - Peculiar Urticaria.

PMID- 19989925
TI  - Xerodermia Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19989924
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides Treated by Malaria.

PMID- 19989926
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Facial Palsy: with Observations on the prepared Nerve
      Graft and on Facial Spasm: (Section of Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19989928
TI  - Radiodiagnosis in Diseases of Children: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19989927
TI  - Experiences with Fascia Lata Grafts in the Operative Treatment of Facial
      Paralysis: (Section of Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19989929
TI  - The Radiological Appearances of Certain Bone Dyscrasias in Infancy and Childhood:
      (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19989930
TI  - Ovarian and Uterine Grafts: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).
AB  - Recent experience has convinced the author of the value of ovarian grafting. He
      gives the histories of a number of women upon whom he made implants of their own
      ovarian tissue in the course of operations for double oophorectomy. The
      subsequent state of these patients is contrasted with that of women after
      castration without grafting. When the uterus was left in position menstruation
      was re-established in over 80% of the grafted cases.The author and his co-workers
      maintain that the vitality of autogenous grafts of ovarian substance is enhanced
      by hormones produced by the uterine mucosa. He therefore advocates that grafts of
      uterus be made in conjunction with ovarian implants whenever possible.
      Experiments carried out on animals have proved the correctness of this
      opinion.The results of a series of cases of combined ovarian and uterine
      graftings are recorded, and the technique of uterine mucosa implants is
      described.

PMID- 19989931
TI  - Three Cases of Neuralgia.

PMID- 19989932
TI  - Oral Screens in the Treatment of Certain Dental Irregularities: (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19989933
TI  - The Nervous Complications of the Acute Fevers and Exanthemata: (Section of
      Neurology and Section for the Study of Disease in Children): Joint Discussions
      No. 6.

PMID- 19989935
TI  - Problems in Hospital Administration arising out of the Local Government Act,
      1929: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19989934
TI  - The History of Ovariotomy: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19989936
TI  - Poikilodermia Reticularis Atrophicans (Jacobi).

PMID- 19989937
TI  - Lupus Miliaris Faciei.

PMID- 19989938
TI  - Bowen's Disease.

PMID- 19989939
TI  - Lymphocytoma.

PMID- 19989940
TI  - Leprosy (Mixed Nodular and Anaesthetic).

PMID- 19989941
TI  - Exfoliative Dermatitis.

PMID- 19989943
TI  - Lichen Amyloidosus.

PMID- 19989942
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19989944
TI  - Two Cases of Vaquez's Disease.

PMID- 19989945
TI  - Advanced Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Tuberculous Laryngitis, successfully treated
      by Thoracoplasty and Cauterization of Larynx.

PMID- 19989946
TI  - Advanced Unilateral Pulmonary Tuberculosis successfully treated by Thoracoplasty:
      (Previously shown October, 1931 ).

PMID- 19989948
TI  - Chronic Localized Bronchiectasis at Left Apex.

PMID- 19989947
TI  - Cardiac Aneurysm following Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Thrombosis (with
      Autopsy Findings).

PMID- 19989949
TI  - Physiological, Pathological, and Clinical Aspects of Diseases of the Gall-bladder
      (Abstract): (Clinical Section).

PMID- 19989951
TI  - Affections of the Gall-bladder: (Clinical Section).

PMID- 19989950
TI  - The Radiology of the Gall-bladder: (Clinical Section).

PMID- 19989952
TI  - Two Cases of Spastic Distension of the Biliary Tract.

PMID- 19989954
TI  - Valve-stone in the Neck of the Gall-bladder.

PMID- 19989953
TI  - Specimen of Gall-bladder with Gall-stones forming beneath the Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19989955
TI  - Calcinosis Universalis: A further note on Dr. J. H. Sheldon's Case previously
      shown.

PMID- 19989956
TI  - The Functional Pathology of Advanced Chronic Nephritis: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19989957
TI  - A New View of the Intrathoracic and Intrapericardial Pressures in Man: (Section
      of Medicine).

PMID- 19989958
TI  - Endometriosis of the Bladder: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19989959
TI  - A Case of Conjoined Twins.

PMID- 19989960
TI  - A Case of Chorion Epithelioma of the Uterus confined entirely to the Myometrium,
      diagnosed by the Zondek-Aschheim Test.

PMID- 19989962
TI  - Diffuse Round-celled Sarcoma of Uterus and Fallopian Tubes: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989961
TI  - The Zondek-Aschheim Test after Partial Hypophysectomy: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989963
TI  - An Unusual Cyst of the Uterus: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989965
TI  - Concealed Accidental Haemorrhage treated by Caesarean Hysterectomy: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989964
TI  - Renal Cortical Necrosis Associated with Pregnancy: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19989966
TI  - Organisms in Chronic Bone Infections of the Sphenoid: (Section of Laryngology and
      Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989967
TI  - Sphenoidal Sinus Disease in Mental Disorder: (Section of Laryngology and Section
      of Otology).

PMID- 19989968
TI  - On the Control of Air-Pressure in the Lungs after Tracheotomy: (Section of
      Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989969
TI  - Speech Re-education Methods: (Section of Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19989970
TI  - Haematemesis: (Section of Surgery and Section of Medicine): Joint Discussion No.
      7.

PMID- 19989971
TI  - A New Electrocardiograph Employing the Cathode Ray Oscillograph as the Recording
      Device: (Section of Medicine).
AB  - The advantages of the cathode ray tube as an electrical recording instrument are
      unique. It has no inherent inertia, so that there is no distortion from this
      source as there is in every known electro-mechanical recorder. The workings of
      the cathode ray oscillograph are explained and discussed. Immediate visual
      observation of the electrocardiogram is obtained by the use of a new fluorescent
      screen, which is described, and the mechanism of a suitable "time base" circuit
      for this purpose is explained. Some of the problems associated with the design of
      an amplifier, distortionless as far as electrocardiography is concerned, are
      dealt with, including the use of long "time constants" and the employment of a
      suitable filter circuit. The design of a suitable camera unit (for photographic
      recording) is discussed. A method of neutralizing interference picked up from
      alternating current electric light mains is explained and illustrated.The
      apparatus consists of four easily portable, and mechanically robust, units. The
      Recorder Unit, the Amplifier Unit, the H.T. (high tension) Supply Unit, and the
      Camera Unit.

PMID- 19989972
TI  - Diaphragmatic Paralysis: A Critical Review of its Use as a Therapeutic Measure in
      Respiratory Disease: (Section of Medicine).
AB  - Diaphragmatic paralysis first suggested as a therapeutic measure in lung disease
      by Steurtz (1911), who did simple phrenicotomy. Felix (1922) showed in 25% of
      cases this was ineffective owing to the presence of an accessory phrenic, and
      suggested phrenic exairesis, i.e. complete evulsion of the phrenic nerve. Goetze
      (1922) suggested radical phrenicotomy, i.e. division of the phrenic and excision
      of the nerve to the subclavius.Effects of diaphragmatic paralysis.-The diaphragm
      rises to the full expiratory position (4-8 cm.). Paradoxical movement (Kienboch's
      phenomenon) on affected side. Muscle atrophies. Collapse of the lung produced,
      affecting base and apex also. Lung volume reduced by (1/6)th to (1/3)rd.Physical
      signs.-Indrawing of the epigastrium. Thoracic breathing. Litten's sign absent.
      Less resistance to abdominal palpation on affected side. Diminished resonance at
      border of sternum and at base. Deficient inspiratory murmur at base.Radiography.
      Paradoxical movement. Bittorf's test.Indications.-(A) Pulmonary tuberculosis.I.
      As the sole therapeutic measure.(1) In cases where pneumothorax has failed.(2)
      For relief of symptoms such as: (a) haemoptysis; (b) cough; (c) tachycardia (d)
      nausea and vomiting; (e) pain; (f) hiccup.II. Combined with pneumothorax.(a) For
      basal adhesions; (b) alternative to bilateral pneumothorax; (c) to lengthen
      interval between refills; (d) at conclusion of pneumothorax treatment.III.
      Combined with thoracoplasty.(B) Other diseases.Unresolved pneumonia, fibrosis of
      the lung, bronchiectasis, abscess of the lung, hydatid disease.

PMID- 19989973
TI  - Osteopetrosis: (Section for the Study of Disease in Children).

PMID- 19989974
TI  - Prurigo Nodularis.

PMID- 19989976
TI  - Tinea Imbricata.

PMID- 19989975
TI  - Multiple Haemangiomata associated with Changes in the Central Nervous System.
      Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19989978
TI  - Boeck's Disease (Sarcoid).

PMID- 19989977
TI  - Rat-bite Fever.

PMID- 19989979
TI  - Vitiligo with associated Alopecia Areata.

PMID- 19989980
TI  - Recurrent Ulceration of the Mouth and Vulva associated with Necrotic Nodular
      Lesions of the Skin.

PMID- 19989981
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19989982
TI  - Poikilodermia (Jacobi).

PMID- 19989983
TI  - Infiltrating Carcinoma of the Scalp.

PMID- 19989984
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of Scalp.

PMID- 19989985
TI  - The Saliva: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19989986
TI  - Ewing's Tumour (Endothelial Myeloma) of the Mandible: or Diffuse Myelosarcoma:
      (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19989987
TI  - Radium as an Adjuvant to Operation in a Case of Deformity of Eyelids from Burn
      with Keloid Scars.

PMID- 19989989
TI  - Loss of Accommodation for no Apparent Cause.

PMID- 19989988
TI  - Metastatic Focal Choroiditis (Two Cases).

PMID- 19989990
TI  - Plastic Operation.

PMID- 19989992
TI  - Metastatic Hypernephroma of Iris: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19989991
TI  - Two Familial Groups of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome.

PMID- 19989993
TI  - The Significance of False Projection on Squint: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19989994
TI  - "Amber-bead" Cataract.

PMID- 19989995
TI  - Superficial Corneal Opacities.

PMID- 19989997
TI  - Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus.

PMID- 19989996
TI  - Chronic Follicular Hypertrophy of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19989998
TI  - Mass Protruding in Vitreous of Right Eye. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990000
TI  - Acute Blepharitis, due to the Primula Obconica.

PMID- 19989999
TI  - True Distension Cyst of Meibomian Duct.

PMID- 19990001
TI  - Sex: Its Nature and Abnormalities Considered from Biological and Legal Points of
      View: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with the Medico-Legal Society).

PMID- 19990002
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Abscess of the Brain: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990003
TI  - Cerebellar Abscess.

PMID- 19990005
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess.

PMID- 19990004
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Lobe Abscess of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19990006
TI  - Otogenic Brain Abscess Secondary to Infection with the Streptococcus mucosus.

PMID- 19990007
TI  - Cerebral Abscess with an Unusual Symptom.

PMID- 19990008
TI  - Tough or Tender. A Plea for Nominalism in Psychiatry: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990009
TI  - A Clinical Study of Delirium: (Section of Psychiatry).
AB  - The study is based upon 103 cases, which have been observed at either the Phipps
      Psychiatric Clinic or the Maudsley Hospital; twenty-seven different aetiological
      agents are represented. The following questions are raised:-(1) Whether there is
      evidence that different aetiological agents produce specific or even
      characteristic delirious states. (2) In what ways are the aetiological agents
      directly related to the states they produce. (3) What other factors help to
      determine the clinical picture. (4) What are the characteristics which these
      states appear to possess in common. (5) What light may this shed upon the roles
      of exogenous as opposed to endogenous factors in the production of mental
      disease.The symptomatology, as recorded, is briefly sketched and some cases to
      illustrate particular points are given.It is advanced, on the observations made
      with a clear realization that different and more detailed study might come to
      quite other conclusions-that:-(1) Nothing was found to suggest that any
      aetiological agent bore a truly specific relationship to the delirious state it
      produced.(2) The delirious states produced appeared to be directly related to the
      aetiological agent, and could be considered characteristic of them, in so far as
      the aetiological agent tended to affect the intensity and duration and
      "stability" of the functional disturbance in a fairly uniform manner.(3) The
      final clinical picture was also strikingly dependent upon the previous
      personality of the subject, and upon environmental stimuli sustained during the
      period of illness.(4) The nature of the functional disturbance which all these
      cases had in common had two aspects: (a) a decrease in the ability to
      discriminate and differentiate, "confusion," a deficiency in just those qualities
      for whose proper exhibition the integrity of the cerebral cortex is generally
      considered to be necessary, and (b) an increased activity of a type bearing close
      resemblance to the dreaming state.(5) Finally, it is argued that it is highly
      improbable that in psychoses which do not show "confusion," exogenous factors are
      likely to play more than a subsidiary, though in certain instances none the less
      an exceedingly important, role. Thus a study of exogenous reaction types might
      help to a better perspective in such debated issues as the importance of "focal
      sepsis" and the speculative toxaemias in the production of mental disease.

PMID- 19990010
TI  - Cancer of the Colon: Its Surgical Treatment: (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of
      Proctology).

PMID- 19990011
TI  - The Value of the Treatment of Mental Deficiency: (Section of Epidemiology and
      Section of Psychiatry): Joint Discussion No. 8.

PMID- 19990012
TI  - Some Milestones of Achievement in Army Hygiene and a few Suggestions for further
      Progress: (United Secvices Section).

PMID- 19990013
TI  - The Control of the Blood-pressure: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - Present conceptions of the control of the general blood-pressure are based on the
      view that the sympathetic nerves are only constrictor in action and the
      circulating hormones, adrenaline and vasopressin, only pressor in effect.
      Surgical treatment of high blood-pressure and allied conditions has been directed
      accordingly to the removal of portions of the sympathetic system and to the
      removal of the suprarenal glands or tumours connected with them. Removal of
      portions of the sympathetic has been successful in relieving attacks of angina
      pectoris and removal of suprarenal tumours has relieved paroxysmal hypertension.
      Neither removal of portions of the sympathetic systems nor removal of the
      suprarenal glands has been successful in reducing continuous hypertension. It is
      suggested that our conceptions of the control of the blood-pressure need
      revision.The normal variation in blood-pressure is not sufficiently realized. It
      may be as low as 85 mm. or as high as 190 mm. About one in every 40 men has a
      blood-pressure higher than 160 mm. It is suggested that the diagnosis of
      essential hypertension should never be made unless it is known that the blood
      pressure has been rising. A single observation of a high pressure is not enough
      for the diagnosis.Evidence is described that adrenaline and vasopressin may lower
      the blood-pressure as well as cause it to rise; similarly there is evidence that
      the sympathetic nerve supply to the skeletal muscles is dilator rather than
      constrictor in effect. Hence, all three mechanisms commonly thought of as pressor
      may also be depressor, and it seems more accurate to think of them as controlling
      the blood-pressure by raising or lowering it than simply as factors which raise
      it.

PMID- 19990015
TI  - Retinal Detachment in an Aphakic Eye, cured by Safar's Method.

PMID- 19990014
TI  - The Causation of Herpes Ophthalmicus: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990016
TI  - Multiple Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19990018
TI  - Bilateral Proptosis: ? due to Sphenoidal Fissure Syndrome.

PMID- 19990017
TI  - Tumour of the Iris.

PMID- 19990019
TI  - Traumatic Retinitis Proliferans.

PMID- 19990020
TI  - Orbital Tumour: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990021
TI  - Sarcoma ? Tuberculoma of Iris.

PMID- 19990022
TI  - Staphyloma of Cornea, with Glaucoma.

PMID- 19990024
TI  - Whither Tropical Medicine? An Epitome of Scientific Activities in British
      Tropical Possessions, together with a Consideration of the Position which
      Tropical Medicine occupies in Scientific Medicine at the Present Time: (Section
      of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19990023
TI  - The Musculature of the Bladder-neck of the Male in Health and Disease: (Section
      of Urology).
AB  - Two muscles, one voluntary the other involuntary, and an inch or more apart,
      exist at the bladder-neck, both functioning as sphincters. This dual musculature
      is explained by the emergence of the ejaculatory ducts between them. If both
      these muscles are open when semen is discharged, secretion may escape into the
      bladder or to the exterior; also any urine in the bladder would flow out. The
      internal sphincter is usually tightly contracted during ejaculation. Instances
      are given in which the internal sphincter is paralysed or injured, e.g. after
      operation, in prostatic hypertrophy, and in certain nervous diseases. Two
      instances are reported of direct injury to this localized area, with the result,
      in all cases, that ejaculation failed. In prostatic hypertrophy the internal
      sphincter is dilated by the growing adenoma, and at operation it is further
      stretched and perhaps cut across. Continence then depends on the external
      sphincter. Two cases are reported in which the external sphincter had previously
      been paralysed, total incontinence resulting.Recent work on the trigonal muscle;
      its function in opening the internal sphincter. Influence of this muscle on
      prostatic enlargement.In central nervous disease the dilatation of the internal
      sphincter resulting in funnel-neck is very common. Series of cases of nervous
      disease examined in order to determine the frequency of this sign are reported.
      Other cases occurring apart from nervous disease are also reported.The part
      played by the sphincters in ejaculation is discussed and illustrated by reports
      of further cases of paralysis of the sphincter. It is shown that in the normal
      way the external sphincter weakens during coitus, and especially during
      ejaculation, but when the internal sphincter is paralysed no weakening is
      evident. Penile erection is associated with spasm of the internal sphincter, and
      spasm of the internal sphincter is produced by irritation, e.g. vesical stone may
      produce priapism.The varying types of adenoma bear different relationship to the
      internal sphincter. The view that submucosal glands give rise to prostatic
      enlargement is supported. The influence of prostatic enlargement on the internal
      sphincter is discussed.

PMID- 19990025
TI  - President's Address: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990026
TI  - Some Problems in the Study of Sciatica: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19990028
TI  - Factors, other than Anaesthetics, affecting Anaesthesia: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990027
TI  - Some Medical and other Aspects of Bacterial Chemistry: (Section of Pathology).
AB  - The evolution of bacterial chemistry as applied to medicine from bacterial
      chemistry as applied for economic purposes is traced. The outlook of the
      bacterial chemist is contrasted with that of the medical bacteriologist.The
      possible results of the study of bacterial nutrition from the medical aspect are
      noted. Difficulties arise from the fact that the nutrition of a single species
      varies. A variation in bacterial enzymes results from alteration in the
      substrate.The evolution of bacteria from primitive autotrophic types to the
      parasitic types of the present day may be explained on the basis of an evolution
      depending upon a gradual alteration in the substrate. The primitive bacteria in
      an evolutionary sense are endowed with great powers of synthesis, while the
      evolved bacteria are not. Thus, while the primitive bacteria can synthesize their
      protoplasm from simple nutrients, the parasitic bacteria cannot and must receive
      complex compounds pre-formed.In the case of parasitic bacteria this taking of
      nutrients from the tissue cells may have a bearing upon disease. An infective
      disease may in part be a deficiency disease. An essential cell nutrient may be
      taken from the cells by the bacteria, with a result that they cannot function
      properly in the "anti" sense.

PMID- 19990029
TI  - Aortic Disease of Unusual Evolution.

PMID- 19990031
TI  - Chronic Ulcers on the Soles of the Feet, of Unknown Pathology.

PMID- 19990030
TI  - Generalized Osteitis Fibrosa. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990032
TI  - Erythro-leukaemia, in which the Myeloid Leukaemic Component is, as usual, of the
      Benignant Type.

PMID- 19990033
TI  - Recent Ulnar Nerve Palsy associated with an old injury to the Elbow-joint and a
      Cervical Rib.

PMID- 19990034
TI  - Chronic Arsenical Poisoning. ? Carcinoma of the Liver.

PMID- 19990035
TI  - Cirrhosis of the Liver. ? Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19990037
TI  - An Early Case of Spondylitis Adolescens at present under Treatment by Scott's
      Method.

PMID- 19990036
TI  - Diabetes and Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated by Artificial Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19990038
TI  - Two Cases of Lupus Erythematosus treated with Stovarsol.

PMID- 19990039
TI  - Pemphigus treated with Germanin.

PMID- 19990040
TI  - Myxomatous Degeneration associated with Hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 19990042
TI  - Pigmented Mole of Foot.

PMID- 19990041
TI  - Morphoea with Spontaneous Resolution.

PMID- 19990043
TI  - Lichen Planus in an Infant.

PMID- 19990044
TI  - Acro-dermatitis Continua (Hallopeau) Secondary to Sycosis and Cellulitis.

PMID- 19990045
TI  - Two Cases of Cicatricial Alopecia. ? Pseudo-pelade of Brocq.

PMID- 19990046
TI  - Schaumann's Disease.

PMID- 19990047
TI  - Erysipeloid (Erythema serpens).

PMID- 19990048
TI  - The Treatment of Pes Cavus: (Section of Orthopaedics).
AB  - (A) REVIEW OF EARLIER METHODS: Manipulations; fasciotomy; Phelps' operation;
      Steindler's operation; anterior arch-plates.(B) Reasons for their relative
      failure.-(1) Correction of the deformity is imperfect, and (2) as they deal with
      the existing deformity only, and not with its cause, the result is not permanent;
      relapse occurs.(C) Evolution of the modern operation.-Two facts in connexion with
      the ordinary "idiopathic" type of pes cavus are constant, and therefore
      noteworthy, viz.: (a) the deformity is entirely a fore-foot deformity, consisting
      of dropping-down of the fore-foot, and (b) paralysis of the lumbrical or of the
      interosseous muscles is never found at operation.This suggests that a cause for
      the fore-foot drop should be sought. Pes cavus never occurs in flail foot, but
      may develop in mild cases of paralysis of the anterior tibial (extensor) group of
      muscles; this suggests that in less marked cases of paresis of these muscles, pes
      cavus may result; in fact, this has been observed.Finally, a case in which the
      legs were known to have been normal, and one was damaged, anteriorly (thereby
      weakening the long extensor action) resulted in the development of typical
      unilateral pes cavus.The part played by the interossei and lumbrical muscles is
      purely passive, and results from the dropping-down of the metatarsal heads beyond
      their line of action. This can be demonstrated on any case in which contracture
      of the soft parts of the toes has not occurred; pushing-up the anterior arch
      brings down the toes, and vice versa.The problem, then, seems to consist of
      finding a means to strengthen the relatively weak long extensors, and of giving
      them a stronger and more direct lifting action upon the metatarsal heads.(D) The
      modern operation.-This consists of two distinct parts: (a) the correction of
      existing deformity, and (b) the adoption of measures to prevent recurrence of the
      deformity. (a) Mere non-selective elongation of the structures of the sole is
      inadequate; those on the inner side must be lengthened and flattened more than
      those on the outer side; therefore, the joint-capsules, fasciae, tendon-sheaths,
      etc., are divided as freely as possible, by open operation, on the inner side of
      the foot. Steindler's section of all structures attached to the os calcis then
      allows the whole foot to elongate; this is followed by vigorous manipulation, and
      this completes stage (a).(b) The extensor tendons are then transplanted into
      holes bored through the necks of the metatarsal bones (Murk Jansen's operation,
      modified), and are sutured, the foot being held over-corrected meanwhile.If the
      toes are contracted, and the above method does not correct the deformity,
      arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joints is performed; the fifth toe
      may perhaps be amputated.(E) After-treatment and results.-Other Points: The
      results seen to be permanent. At what age should this operation be performed?
      Treatment, at earlier ages, The type and degree of disability caused by pes
      cavus. Relief of advanced cases.

PMID- 19990049
TI  - The Ultimate Prognosis of Coronary Occlusion: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990050
TI  - Congenital Obstruction of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19990051
TI  - Congenital Elevation of the Diaphragm.

PMID- 19990052
TI  - Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19990054
TI  - Giantism, Virilism, and Pseudohermaphroditism.

PMID- 19990053
TI  - Neoplasm of Lung. (? Teratoma).

PMID- 19990055
TI  - Hydrocephalus with Precocious Puberty following Post-basic Meningitis.

PMID- 19990056
TI  - Precocious General Development and Obesity.

PMID- 19990057
TI  - Hepatomegaly. ? V. Gierke's Disease.

PMID- 19990059
TI  - Idiopathic Hypertrophy of the Heart.

PMID- 19990058
TI  - Congenital Recto-urinary Fistula in a Girl.

PMID- 19990060
TI  - Coeliac Disease with Unusual Features.

PMID- 19990061
TI  - Graves' Disease in a Child aged 8(1/2) years.

PMID- 19990062
TI  - Pulmonary Abscess. Recovery.

PMID- 19990063
TI  - Family Tree, showing Hereditary Undescended Right Testicle and Associated
      Deformities.

PMID- 19990064
TI  - Still's Disease with Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19990065
TI  - Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19990067
TI  - Unusual Perforations: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990066
TI  - Unsettled Questions of Neurosyphilis: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990068
TI  - Left Divergent Concomitant Squint-Painful Left Eye. Mass Projecting into Vitreous
      from Optic Disc.

PMID- 19990069
TI  - Superficial Corneal Opacities.

PMID- 19990070
TI  - Symmetrical Enlargements of the Lachrymal Glands.

PMID- 19990072
TI  - Rupture of Descemet's Membrane from Contusion Injury in an Adult.

PMID- 19990071
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of Orbit.

PMID- 19990073
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Absence of External Rectus and Globe in Adduction.

PMID- 19990074
TI  - Pre-operative Preparation of the Conjunctival Sac by Ultra-Violet Rays: (Section
      of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990075
TI  - A Successful Corneal Graft with Demonstration of the Case.

PMID- 19990076
TI  - The Laryngeal Paralyses: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990078
TI  - Spondylitis Adolescens treated Three Years Ago by Wide Field X-ray Therapy of Low
      Intensity.

PMID- 19990077
TI  - Collapse Bronchiectasis in a Child.

PMID- 19990079
TI  - Melanosis Coli.

PMID- 19990081
TI  - Hydatid Cyst of the Rectum.

PMID- 19990080
TI  - Perineo-abdominal Excision of the Rectum in one Stage.

PMID- 19990082
TI  - Fibrous Stricture of the Rectum.

PMID- 19990084
TI  - Fistula-in-ano arising from an Intramuscular Gland.

PMID- 19990083
TI  - Pedunculated Rectal Polypus, showing Malignant Change.

PMID- 19990086
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of Recto-Sigmoidal Region treated by Hartman's Operation.

PMID- 19990085
TI  - Specimen of Rectum and Colon from a Case of Faecal Impaction in a Girl aged 18.

PMID- 19990087
TI  - Specimen of Tuberculous Ulceration of Caecum with Large Stercolith.

PMID- 19990088
TI  - Skiagram of Colon showing Result Two Years after Resection of Sigmoid for
      Carcinoma followed by End-to-End Anastomosis.

PMID- 19990089
TI  - Specimen of an Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum treated with Radium followed
      by Diathermy Perineal Excision.

PMID- 19990090
TI  - Specimen of Tuberculous Stricture of Small Intestine.

PMID- 19990092
TI  - Nasal Obstruction: Descending Catarrh of Lung and Ear.

PMID- 19990091
TI  - Infections of the Eustachian Tube and Pulmonary Tract: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990093
TI  - On the Function of the Tympanic Muscles: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990094
TI  - Large Keloids on Mastoid Scars.

PMID- 19990095
TI  - Labyrinthitis. Concealed Cholesteatoma. Carious Patch on Petrous Bone revealed by
      X-rays.

PMID- 19990096
TI  - Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Extradural Abscess.
      Complete Hemianopia.

PMID- 19990097
TI  - Temporosphenoidal Abscess. Pus in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Drainage of Abscess.
      Recovery.

PMID- 19990098
TI  - Nerve-Graft in the Treatment of Facial Paralysis: Ballance and Duel Method.

PMID- 19990100
TI  - Myositis Ossificans Traumatica.

PMID- 19990099
TI  - Congenital Abscess of the Ear, with Facial Paralysis.

PMID- 19990101
TI  - Deformity of Wrist following Injury.

PMID- 19990102
TI  - Myositis Ossificans of Elbow.

PMID- 19990103
TI  - Kohler's Disease of Second Metatarsal (Bilateral).

PMID- 19990104
TI  - The AEtiology and Treatment of Asthma: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990105
TI  - Some Aspects of the Role of Tuberculin in the Control of Tuberculosis: (Section
      of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990106
TI  - Further Studies in Adult Rickets (Osteomalacia) and Foetal Rickets: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990107
TI  - Short-wave Diathermy: (Section of Physical Medicine).
AB  - It is submitted that the thermal action of short-wave therapy does not account
      for the therapeutic results obtained.The theory is put forward that many of the
      results obtained can be better explained by the disruptive and dispersive action
      of the impact of the electromagnetic vibrations. An analogy, indicating such
      disruptive effects at high frequency, is drawn from the molecular vibrations
      transmitted through transformer oil, and excited by the application of high
      frequency currents to the layers of quartz in the piezo-electric oscillator of
      quartz.It is submitted that these disruptive and dispersive effects will be
      greatest where the conductivity of the tissues is low, such as in bones and fat,
      and it is shown that it is in these regions that the therapeutic action of these
      currents is most obvious. It is also pointed out that, if effects, comparable to
      those obtained in the subcutaneous area, are obtained in the deeper tissues and
      organs, the application of deep-wave therapy would be attended by serious risk.

PMID- 19990109
TI  - Two Cases illustrating Dilatation of the Aorta.

PMID- 19990108
TI  - Pharmacology and Nerve-endings (Walter Ernest Dixon Memorial Lecture): (Section
      of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - A brief account is given of the scientific career of Walter Ernest Dixon, and of
      the importance of his work and his influence for the development of Pharmacology
      in England. It is suggested that the Memorial Lecture may appropriately deal with
      some matter of new interest, from one of the fields of research in which Dixon
      himself was active. Special mention is made of his work with Brodie on the
      physiology and pharmacology of the bronchioles and the pulmonary blood-vessels,
      as probably showing the beginning of Dixon's interest in the actions of the
      alkaloids and organic bases which reproduce the effects of autonomic nerves.An
      account is given of Dixon's early interest in the suggestion, first made by
      Elliott, that autonomic nerves transmit their effects by releasing, at their
      endings, specific substances, which reproduce their actions; and of his attempt
      to obtain experimental support for this conception. After the War it was
      established by the experiments of O. Loewi; and it is now generally recognized
      that parasympathetic effects are so transmitted by release of acetylcholine,
      sympathetic effects by that of a substance related to adrenaline.Very recent
      evidence indicates that acetylcholine, by virtue of its other ("nicotine-like")
      action, also acts as transmitter of activity at synapses in autonomic ganglia,
      and from motor nerve to voluntary muscle.The terms "cholinergic" and "adrenergic"
      have been introduced to describe nerve-fibres which transmit their actions by the
      release at their endings of acetylcholine, and of a substance related to
      adrenaline, respectively. It is shown that Langley and Anderson's evidence, long
      available, as to the kinds of peripheral efferent fibres which can replace one
      another in regeneration, can be summarized by the statement, that cholinergic can
      replace cholinergic fibres, and that adrenergic can replace adrenergic fibres;
      but that fibres of different chemical function cannot replace one another. The
      bearing of this new evidence on conceptions of the mode of action of
      "neuromimetic" drugs is discussed. The pharmacological problem can now be more
      clearly defined, and Dixon's participation in further attempts at its solution
      will be sadly missed.

PMID- 19990110
TI  - Congenital Malformation of the Heart. Complete Dextrocardia. Pulmonary Stenosis
      (Conus).

PMID- 19990111
TI  - Cushing's Pituitary Basophilism (Cushing's Disease).

PMID- 19990112
TI  - Childhood Obesity with Multiple Congenital Abnormalities: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990114
TI  - Stricture of a Bronchus.

PMID- 19990113
TI  - Enormous Goitre in a Deaf-Mute.

PMID- 19990115
TI  - Trophic Arthropathy of Charcot Type in the Left Elbow, with Rupture of the
      Biceps.

PMID- 19990117
TI  - Osteochondritis Dissecans.

PMID- 19990116
TI  - Axillary Metastases from Epithelioma of Finger, treated with Radon.

PMID- 19990118
TI  - Erythro-leukaemia (Leukaemia following Long-standing Erythraemia-Polycythaemia
      Vera, Vaquez's Disease).

PMID- 19990120
TI  - Evipan in Dental Anaesthesia: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990119
TI  - Evipan as an Intravenous Anaesthetic: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990122
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19990121
TI  - Two Cases of Generalized Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19990123
TI  - Chronic Pyococcal Granulomatosis, resembling Gilchrist's Disease.

PMID- 19990125
TI  - Necrobiosis Lipoidica.

PMID- 19990124
TI  - Combination of Schamberg's Disease and Acrodermatitis Atrophicans.

PMID- 19990126
TI  - Multiple Carcinomata.

PMID- 19990128
TI  - Multiple Telangiectases (? Osler-Rendu-Weber Hereditary Telangiectasia).

PMID- 19990127
TI  - Verrucose Pyodermia.

PMID- 19990130
TI  - Leiomyoma.

PMID- 19990129
TI  - Pemphigus.

PMID- 19990131
TI  - Dercum's Disease.

PMID- 19990133
TI  - Alopecia totalis supervening on Hirsutism.

PMID- 19990132
TI  - Multiple Endotheliomata.

PMID- 19990134
TI  - The Choice of an Anaesthetic under Conditions of Active Service: (United Services
      Section).

PMID- 19990135
TI  - New Methods of Evacuation of Wounded.

PMID- 19990136
TI  - G. B. Morgagni and the Anatomico-pathological Conception of the Clinic: (Section
      of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990137
TI  - Cortical Cerebellar Degeneration: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990139
TI  - Supravital Staining in the Diagnosis of the Leukaemias: (Section for the Study of
      Disease of Children).

PMID- 19990138
TI  - Malaria in Nyasaland: (Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19990140
TI  - Still's Disease Cured by Gold.

PMID- 19990141
TI  - Congenital OEsophageal Stricture.

PMID- 19990142
TI  - Achalasia of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19990143
TI  - Facial Tumour: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990144
TI  - Infant with Four Different Types of Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19990145
TI  - Recurrent Swelling of Parotid Gland.

PMID- 19990146
TI  - Specimen from Case of Spontaneous Pneumothorax, Pyopericardium and Liver Abscess
      Secondary to Abscesses of Lung.

PMID- 19990148
TI  - Squamous-celled Carcinoma of the Gall-bladder.

PMID- 19990149
TI  - Loose Bodies removed from a Bursa.

PMID- 19990151
TI  - Jejunal Ulcer.

PMID- 19990150
TI  - Cavernous Angeioma of Ulna.

PMID- 19990152
TI  - Carcinoma of the Stomach: Specimen.

PMID- 19990153
TI  - Four Microscopical Sections of Endometrioma.

PMID- 19990154
TI  - Adenoma of Thyroid Gland (Calcified).

PMID- 19990156
TI  - Hypernephroma with Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19990155
TI  - Large Fibroma of the Great Omentum.

PMID- 19990157
TI  - Infarct of Kidney (Ruptured).

PMID- 19990158
TI  - Ruptured Infarct at Lower Pole of Kidney.

PMID- 19990159
TI  - Meningioma.

PMID- 19990160
TI  - Two Clots removed by Pulmonary Embolectomy.

PMID- 19990161
TI  - Basal-celled Carcinoma of the Scalp in a Girl.

PMID- 19990162
TI  - Two Specimens of Neuroblastoma.

PMID- 19990163
TI  - Specimen of Acute Haemorrhagic Infarction of Duodenum.

PMID- 19990165
TI  - The Bragg-Paul Pulsator: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990164
TI  - The Use of Gonadotropic Hormones in the Treatment of Undescended Testes:
      Preliminary Report: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - Smith and Engle have shown that the injection of extracts of the anterior lobe of
      the pituitary into immature animals produces an increased growth of all the
      tissues of the testes, and, as a result of stimulation of the interstitial
      tissue, enlargement of the penis and accessory genital glands. Spermatogenesis is
      not produced in immature mammals by means of these extracts. Similar results are
      obtained with extracts of pregnancy urine, the gonadotropic principle (A.P.L. or
      anterior-pituitary-like hormone) of which is probably derived from the placenta.
      Engle has also shown that the injection of extracts of anterior lobe or of
      pregnancy urine causes descent of the testes in immature monkeys, in which
      animals they are situated in the inguinal canal.Eleven patients with undescended
      testes, aged 4(1/2) to 15 years, have been treated with the gonadotropic hormones
      extracted from pregnancy urine. The dose used in most cases was 500 rat units
      injected intramuscularly twice weekly. Five of the patients had bilaterally
      undescended testes: during treatment both testes descended into the scrotum in
      two cases, one descended in each of two cases, and in the remaining case the
      position of the testes is unchanged. The remaining six had unilaterally
      undescended testes; of these, three have descended into the scrotum. Thus, nine
      of sixteen undescended testes have entered the scrotum during treatment. The time
      taken to effect this change varied from two to eleven weeks. The testes which
      have not yet responded have received treatment for from three to nine weeks. The
      mechanism whereby the descent is brought about is unknown.In view of the rather
      unsatisfactory surgical results, it is felt that in the treatment of undescended
      testes a trial should be made of this form of therapy before surgical measures
      are considered.

PMID- 19990166
TI  - (I) Fixation of Cords in a Case of Exophthalmic Goitre.

PMID- 19990167
TI  - (II) Basal-celled Carcinoma of the Palate.

PMID- 19990168
TI  - Impaired Mobility and Chronic Inflammation of the Left Vocal Cord and Ventricular
      Band.

PMID- 19990169
TI  - Two Cases of Pre-cancerous Epitheliomatosis (Bowen's Disease) of Palate and
      Fauces.

PMID- 19990170
TI  - Lingual Thyroid.

PMID- 19990171
TI  - Skiagrams and Lantern Slides of Partial Thoracic Stomach.

PMID- 19990173
TI  - Chondroma of Posterior Edge of Vomer.

PMID- 19990172
TI  - Nasal Infection with Postural Proptosis.

PMID- 19990174
TI  - Inflammatory Dislocation of the Atlas from the Axis.

PMID- 19990175
TI  - Syphilis of the Lung and Aortic Regurgitation.

PMID- 19990176
TI  - Columnar-celled Carcinoma of the Caecum in a Young Man.

PMID- 19990177
TI  - Mediastinal Dermoid.

PMID- 19990178
TI  - Traumatic Arthritis of the Hip; Relief of Pain by Epidural Injection.

PMID- 19990179
TI  - Facial Hemiatrophy.

PMID- 19990180
TI  - Gumma. ? of Parotid Gland.

PMID- 19990181
TI  - Retrogression of a Malignant Tumour in a Child.

PMID- 19990182
TI  - How Can the Results of Ante-natal Care be Improved?: (Section of Epidemiology and
      State Medicine and Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology): Joint Discussion No.
      1.

PMID- 19990183
TI  - The Role of Inorganic Elements in Nutritional Anaemia: (Section of Comparitive
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990184
TI  - Anaemias Due to a Deficiency of the Principle in Liver which is effective in the
      Treatment of Addisonian Pernicious Anaemia: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990185
TI  - Contraction Ring: Treatment by Amyl Nitrite, with Observations on the
      Pharmacological Action of Nitrite: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990186
TI  - The Estimation of Foetal Maturity by a New Method of X-ray Cephalometry: Its
      Bearing on Clinical Midwifery: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).
AB  - A plea is made for routine use of X-rays in antenatal work. A new method of
      cephalometry is described, depending on the fact that the foetal head is a rough
      ovoid. It is shown that the shadows cast by ovoids may be oval or circular, but
      that always the diameter of the greatest circular section of an ovoid is
      represented in its shadow-by the diameter if the shadow be circular or by the
      short axis if oval. The results are applied to estimate the actual proportions of
      foetal head and maternal pelvis, and also to estimate foetal maturity.The
      accuracy of the method of cephalometry was tested in 100 cases of labour induced
      by rupture of membranes.A simple method of pelvimetry is described, and it is
      suggested that pelvimetry should be carried out in the early months and not later
      when the pelvis is obscured.No special apparatus is required and any cottage
      hospital X-ray set will serve.

PMID- 19990187
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19990188
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990189
TI  - Morphoea.

PMID- 19990190
TI  - Low-fat Dietary Treatment of Psoriasis.

PMID- 19990191
TI  - Lichenification.

PMID- 19990192
TI  - Multiple Endotheliomata.

PMID- 19990193
TI  - Erythema Induratum (with Darier-Roussy Sarcoids).

PMID- 19990194
TI  - Kaposi's Disease.

PMID- 19990195
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19990196
TI  - Pringle Type of Sebaceous Adenoma.

PMID- 19990197
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis with Unilateral Exophthalmos, Hyperpituitarism, and Infantile
      Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19990199
TI  - Pituitary Adenoma with Acromegalic Changes in Hands and Feet.

PMID- 19990198
TI  - Encephalomyelitis: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990200
TI  - Brown-Sequard Syndrome; Right Hemihaematomyelia.

PMID- 19990201
TI  - Myoclonia with Absent Deep Reflexes.

PMID- 19990202
TI  - Syringo-bulbo-myelia.

PMID- 19990203
TI  - Left Parieto-occipital Tumour.

PMID- 19990204
TI  - Dystrophia Myotonia associated with Hemi-analgesia.

PMID- 19990205
TI  - Corneal Graft.

PMID- 19990207
TI  - Exudative Retinitis.

PMID- 19990206
TI  - Two Brothers, members of a family with "lobster-claw" (split-hand and split-foot
      deformity), one showing the Skeletal Deformity and the other Aniridia.

PMID- 19990208
TI  - Choroidal Sclerosis: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990209
TI  - Two Cases (Brother and Sister) of Familial Macular Degeneration in Adolescence.

PMID- 19990211
TI  - Operative Isolation of the Petrous Bone.

PMID- 19990210
TI  - Meningitis of Otitic Origin: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990212
TI  - Acute Otitis Media-Acute Mastoiditis-Schwartze's Operation-Onset of Meningitis
      during Convalescence-Pneumococci from Cerebrospinal Fluid-Recovery.

PMID- 19990213
TI  - Bezold's Mastoiditis: Cholesteatoma with Intact Tympanic Membrane.

PMID- 19990215
TI  - Acute Mastoiditis: Meningitis.

PMID- 19990214
TI  - Acoustic Tumour, ? Meniere's Syndrome: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990216
TI  - Temporo-sphenoidal Abscess. Drainage. Recovery.

PMID- 19990218
TI  - Some Problems in Diagnosis and their Solution by Radiologic Examination of the
      Alimentary Canal: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19990217
TI  - Streptococcal Meningitis secondary to Acute Suppurative Otitis Media: Simple
      Mastoidectomy. Recovery.

PMID- 19990219
TI  - The Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Curare and its Constituents: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990220
TI  - Calculi in the Renal Tubules.

PMID- 19990221
TI  - Transposition of Right Kidney as a Result of a Perinephric Haematoma.

PMID- 19990223
TI  - Kidney Removed from a "Typhoid Carrier".

PMID- 19990222
TI  - A Ureterocele which presented at the External Urinary Meatus (Female).

PMID- 19990224
TI  - The Treatment of Ureteric Calculi: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990225
TI  - Large Concentrically Laminated Fibrinous Balls unattached in the Bladder.

PMID- 19990226
TI  - Plague: Modern Preventive Measures in Ships and Ports: (Section of Tropical
      Diseases and Parasitology).
AB  - Maritime quarantine, introduced in the fourteenth century in an endeavour to
      prevent the spread of plague. Though the system failed to achieve its object, and
      was expensive and restrictive to sea-borne commerce, it survived for over 500
      years, presumably because, in the absence of knowledge of the aetiology of
      plague, no method of procedure more likely to be successful could be devised.
      This country acknowledged the failure of quarantine as a preventive measure in
      the middle of last century, and substituted the medical inspection of ships on
      arrival, though the last Quarantine Act was not repealed till 1896. Nevertheless
      it was not till the discovery of the role of the rat and the rat-flea in the
      spread of plague that it was possible to establish plague-preventive measures on
      a sound scientific basis.It is now recognized that a Port Health Authority must
      not only take steps to detect plague, human or rodent, afloat or ashore, at the
      earliest possible moment, but must eliminate conditions in ships and in shore
      premises which are conducive to the development of an epizootic. Though here, and
      in other countries with an enlightened Public Health Administration, practice has
      long been ahead of legislation, the International Sanitary Convention of 1926 has
      now established throughout the world a large measure of uniformity in measures
      designed to prevent the spread of the more dangerous epidemic diseases by
      overseas trade, and the Port Sanitary Regulations 1933 have brought quarantine
      legislation in this country up to date.For the detection of plague every ship
      arriving from a plague-infected port is medically inspected on arrival, but even
      if there is no evidence of plague-infection on board, such ships are examined
      daily by a rat-officer until the discharge of cargo is complete. Dead rats found
      and live rats trapped are bacteriologically examined. If a rat is reported to be
      infected the vessel is fumigated at once. The discharge of cargo is then
      continued under supervision, and when the ship is empty she is fumigated again.
      Shore premises, particularly those in the immediate vicinity of the berths of
      ships from plague-infected ports, are systematically searched for dead rats, and
      live rats are trapped. If evidence of plague-infection is found, energetic
      measures of rat destruction are at once instituted over a wide area.The
      International Sanitary Convention requires all foreign-going ships to be
      inspected every six months as to the number of rats on board. If a ship is not so
      maintained as to keep the rat population down to a minimum she must be
      deratized.If, after deratization, ships are to remain free from rats, they must
      be rat-proofed. Similarly ashore, rat-proofing is the only rat-repressive measure
      of permanent value.The measures usually adopted to prevent the passage of rats
      between ships and shore are of limited value.Finally, a rat-flea survey is of
      value in estimating the susceptibility of a port to infection.

PMID- 19990227
TI  - The History of the 1832 Cholera Epidemic in Yorkshire: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990228
TI  - Mental Hygiene-Preventive Measures in Childhood: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990229
TI  - Rapid Rhythmical Movements an Alternative to Osteopathic Manipulations for the
      Cure of Back Pain: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19990230
TI  - Photo-Dynamic Sensitization: Biological Action and Therapeutic Application:
      (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19990231
TI  - Union of an Ununited Fracture of the Neck of the Femur following a Trochanteric
      Osteotomy.

PMID- 19990232
TI  - Fracture of Lower Fourth of Tibia and Fibula: Left Leg.

PMID- 19990233
TI  - Diminutive Femora in Severe Abduction.

PMID- 19990234
TI  - Retarded Development of the Femur, with Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19990235
TI  - Movements of the Lumbar Vertebrae during Flexion and Extension: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19990236
TI  - Amniotic Band.

PMID- 19990237
TI  - Notes on Three Cases of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19990238
TI  - Precocious Puberty and Overgrowth.

PMID- 19990239
TI  - Subcutaneous Emphysema complicating Pneumonia.

PMID- 19990241
TI  - Amyotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19990240
TI  - Coeliac Disease showing Unusual Features.

PMID- 19990243
TI  - Mediastinal Cyst: Specimen.

PMID- 19990242
TI  - Idiopathic Hypertrophy of Heart. Specimen from Case shown in October, 1934.

PMID- 19990244
TI  - Lymphosarcoma Involving Heart. Specimen from a Girl aged 8 years.

PMID- 19990245
TI  - Renal Dwarfism and Glycosuria.

PMID- 19990246
TI  - Haemoglobinuria: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990247
TI  - The Prevention and Treatment of Metastases in Carcinoma Mammae: (Section of
      Radiology).

PMID- 19990248
TI  - The Application of Psycho-Analytic Principles in Psychiatry: (Section of
      Psychiatry).
AB  - Psychiatrists are inclined to follow the lead of their medical colleagues in
      regarding psycho-analysis mainly as a method of psychological treatment. The fact
      is thus obscured that the main contributions of psycho-analysis to science are in
      terms of the structure and function of mind. Of most importance to psychiatrists
      are the fundamental conceptions of a mental apparatus, of its differentiated
      parts, of mental mechanisms, and of the developmental order of these parts and
      mechanisms. The view is maintained that systematic application of these genetic
      views to the field of psychiatry (which has as yet been explored mainly from the
      descriptive point of view) would not only illuminate many obscure problems of
      mental origins, but lead to a more orderly and comprehensible arrangement of
      psychiatric (clinical) entities.Cooperation between the sciences of psycho
      analysis and psychiatry is essential, but cannot be achieved without pooling the
      methods of investigation. Too much time and energy are spent in fighting old
      battles regarding the validity of methods of analytical approach. This is
      particularly true of quarrels regarding the interpretation of material. Unless
      the psychiatrist exercises the right of interpretation (which has been won for
      him by the psychoanalyst) descriptive methods of approach will soon lose whatever
      research value they have attained. The atmosphere of distrust existing between
      the sciences is due in part to unresolved conflict over the claims of "conscious"
      and "unconscious" psychology respectively, and in part to unresolved doubt
      regarding the relations of body and mind. These more fundamental forms of
      distrust show themselves most readily in the therapeutic field and tend to hinder
      the progress both of psychiatry and of psycho-analysis.

PMID- 19990249
TI  - Some Gynaecological and Obstetrical Problems of European Women Resident in the
      Tropics: (Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19990250
TI  - The Assessment of the State of Nutrition: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990251
TI  - Darwinic Blotchy Flushing over Neck and Upper Thorax in an Elderly Woman with
      High Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19990252
TI  - Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19990253
TI  - Pityriasis Rosea (? Modified by Injections of Gold).

PMID- 19990254
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19990256
TI  - Parapsoriasis: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990255
TI  - Autophytic Dermatitis.

PMID- 19990257
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum and Verrucose Tuberculide.

PMID- 19990258
TI  - Lymphosarcoma with Metastases in the Skin.

PMID- 19990259
TI  - Lichen Scrofulosorum.

PMID- 19990260
TI  - Alopecia Prematura.

PMID- 19990262
TI  - Silicate Cements: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990261
TI  - A Mixed Salivary Tumour of the Palate: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990263
TI  - Transposition of Viscera, behaving as a Mendelian Recessive Character with
      Congenital Absence of the Appendix.

PMID- 19990264
TI  - Pulmonectomy for Unilateral Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19990265
TI  - Total Gastrectomy for Carcinoma Ventriculi.

PMID- 19990266
TI  - Secondary Ulceration of Breast treated by Todd's Method (Selenium Injections
      followed by X-rays).

PMID- 19990267
TI  - Inoperable Carcinoma of the Breast with Skin of "Peau d'Orange" Type, treated by
      Todd's method of Selenium Injections, combined with X-ray Exposures.

PMID- 19990268
TI  - Case showing the Effect of Prostigmin on Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19990269
TI  - Congenital Lesion of Heart or Pericardium.

PMID- 19990270
TI  - Unexplained Exophthalmos.

PMID- 19990271
TI  - Portal Cirrhosis in a Child.

PMID- 19990272
TI  - Lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 19990273
TI  - Accidental Injuries: Their Compensation and Rehabilitation in the United States:
      (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19990275
TI  - Mental Defects from the Neurological and Psychiatric Standpoints: (Section of
      Neurology and Section of Psychiatry): Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19990274
TI  - The Diagnosis of Diseases of the Stomach: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990276
TI  - Two Cases of Lymphogranuloma Inguinale.

PMID- 19990278
TI  - Syphilitic Glossitis in a Woman.

PMID- 19990277
TI  - Genital Hypertrophy.

PMID- 19990280
TI  - Cutaneous Gumma Persisting in spite of Treatment.

PMID- 19990279
TI  - Cutaneous Gummata with Cardiovascular Changes.

PMID- 19990281
TI  - Cutaneous Gumma.

PMID- 19990282
TI  - Primary Lesion on Eyelid.

PMID- 19990283
TI  - Superficial Ulcers in Tertiary Syphilis.

PMID- 19990284
TI  - Superficial Verrucose Gumma.

PMID- 19990285
TI  - Gumma of Scrotum.

PMID- 19990286
TI  - Gumma of Neck and Scalp.

PMID- 19990288
TI  - Subcutaneous Gummata.

PMID- 19990287
TI  - Large Papular Syphilide.

PMID- 19990289
TI  - The Problems of Rural Water Supplies: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990291
TI  - Hepatomegaly with Persistent Ketonuria.

PMID- 19990290
TI  - Juvenile Tabes Dorsalis.

PMID- 19990293
TI  - Actinomycosis of Lung.

PMID- 19990292
TI  - Acute Haemoglobinuria and Anaemia in a Boy.

PMID- 19990294
TI  - Hyperthyroidism dating from Infancy.

PMID- 19990295
TI  - Hepatomegaly in an Infant. (? Hepatomegalia Glycogenica. ? Hypertrophic
      Steatosis).

PMID- 19990296
TI  - Facial Tumour.

PMID- 19990297
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Congenital Obstruction of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19990298
TI  - Specimens from a Case of Right-sided Hemihypertrophy associated with Pubertas
      Praecox.

PMID- 19990299
TI  - Specimens from Case of Congenital Hyperplasia of the Suprarenal Cortex.

PMID- 19990300
TI  - The Glands of the Stomach in Relation to Pernicious Anaemia; with Special
      Reference to the Glands in the Pyloric Region: (Section of Medicine).
AB  - The researches have had in view the anatomical localization of the anti-anaemic
      factor (Castle's "intrinsic factor") in the stomach.As the pig's stomach is
      peculiarly constructed, having a so-called cardiac-gland region, a fundus-gland
      region and a pyloric gland region continued in the glands of Brunner in the
      duodenum, preparations have been made from each of these regions, and tests of
      the effectiveness of each of these separate portions have been made in cases of
      pernicious anaemia. It has previously been pointed out (Meulengracht and Schiodt)
      that the production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and rennin was confined to the
      glands of the fundus region (peptic glands) with their oxyntic cells and chief
      cells.The experiments showed that the extract of the fundus-gland portion was
      inactive in cases of pernicious anaemia, that of the so-called cardiac-gland
      portion was mildly active, that of the pyloric-gland portion was strongly active,
      and that of the duodenal portion was also strongly active. The feebler activity
      of the cardiac portion might be shown to be a result of the smaller number of
      glands to the unit area in that region.The conclusion drawn from the experiments
      is that the so-called cardiac glands, the pyloric glands and the Brunner glands
      in the duodenum, which anatomically may be said to be very nearly identical, may
      also be taken to be functionally identical, at any rate with regard to the
      production of the anti-anaemic factor.This collective gland region, which it is
      proposed to call the pyloric-gland region, is the site of the production of the
      anti-anaemic factor. There is thus attributed to these glands a definite, well
      defined and vitally important function.It is further concluded from the
      experiments that pernicious anaemia in human beings is due to atrophy and
      inactivity of that part of the stomach which comprises the pyloric-gland region.
      The experiments may thus be said to have anatomically localized pernicious
      anaemia in human beings.Experimental pernicious anaemia will presumably be
      producible by the deliberate removal of the pyloric-gland region.Stomach
      preparations for the treatment of pernicious anaemia will with advantage be
      producible from the pyloric-gland region alone.

PMID- 19990301
TI  - A Case of Obstructed Labour due to Radium Stenosis of the Cervix: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990302
TI  - The Effects of Preconception Irradiation: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990303
TI  - The Birth of Chimpanzee at the Zoological Gardens, London: (Section of Obstetrics
      and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990304
TI  - The After-Treatment of the Radical Mastoid Operation: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990305
TI  - Achalasia of the Cardia: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990306
TI  - Sympathectomy for Achalasia of the Cardia.

PMID- 19990307
TI  - Chronic Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis of the Spine: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990308
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis of Atlas and Axis, with Recovery.

PMID- 19990309
TI  - The Prognosis of Malignant Renal Tumours: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990310
TI  - Some Points in the Diagnosis of Stone by X-rays: (Section of Urology).
AB  - The investigation of cases suspected of stone is concerned with (1) those in
      which a shadow is visible and (2) those in which X-rays throw no shadow.In the
      former group the nature of the shadow must be determined. If a stone, it must be
      accurately placed in the urinary tract and the anatomy and function of the
      affected and unaffected parts of the tract must be determined.A stone may be
      recognized by the characteristic shape to which it grows in the pelvis, in a
      calyx or in the ureter. In the earlier stages, or when the shape of the shadow is
      not characteristic, radiograms may be made on inspiration and expiration. In
      orthopaedic and other cases immobilized for long periods interesting calculi may
      form and may subsequently be disintegrated and passed, or may require surgical
      treatment.For stones in the kidney and upper ureter pyelography by the descending
      route is ideal. For infected stones the retrograde route is preferable. For small
      ureteric stones an opaque catheter is best.Non-opaque stones are of real surgical
      significance. It is essential to make a positive diagnosis in a case of suspected
      stone, even if operation is not required. Furthermore, non-opaque stones are
      sometimes sufficiently large to demand operative removal. The presence of these
      stones can be inferred from descending pyelograms, and the stones themselves can
      be displayed by means of the opaque material they pick up in the course of a
      descending pyelography.

PMID- 19990311
TI  - Radiographic Diagnosis of Renal Growth and Renal Calculus (Demonstration of
      Lantern-slides).

PMID- 19990312
TI  - Pituitary Cachexia with Disturbance of Circulatory Regulation. Result of
      Treatment with Prolan: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - A case of extreme wasting associated with amenorrhoea for eighteen months. On
      finding that the subject showed a fall of blood-pressure with unaltered pulse
      rate on sitting up, anterior pituitary dysfunction (Simmonds' syndrome (?)) was
      diagnosed and prolan (Bayer) was administered. Following 100 units
      intramuscularly administered, the circulatory response became normal in twenty
      four hours. The pulse rapidly improved in strength and all circulatory symptoms
      disappeared within a week. Weight increased at first rapidly, and the nutrition,
      skin and hair improved remarkably. Metabolism of sugar, as shown by glucose
      tolerance tests, became normal, and evidence for improvement in fat metabolism is
      brought forward.The study of the case goes to support the conclusion of Schellong
      that a function of the anterior pituitary is to influence the circulatory
      response to muscular effort. That hypotonia of itself is not responsible for the
      circulatory symptoms is shown by the failure of ephedrine (which raised the blood
      pressure) to remove the circulatory symptoms.Contrary to some accepted beliefs,
      prolan, which is prepared from urine of pregnant mares, has a profound metabolic
      effect, as well as an effect on the ovary. The diagnostic value of the
      circulatory response in doubtful cases is discussed.

PMID- 19990314
TI  - Influenza in Man and Animals: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990313
TI  - The Treatment of Addison's Disease by Whole Adrenal Gland: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - By cooling fresh suprarenal gland tissue immediately on removal from the animal,
      and by defatting, and mincing the same at low temperatures, and drying at 37
      degrees C. with the least loss of time, a preparation is obtained which in daily
      doses of 3 grm. per os, is effective in restoring a large measure of health to
      sufferers from Addison's disease.It is essential that a potent extract of
      suprarenal cortex be available for (a) restoring the patient sufficiently to
      enable whole gland treatment to be instituted and (b) to treat any return of
      abdominal symptoms or circulatory collapse induced by intercurrent illness or
      failure to retain the whole gland through vomiting.It is desirable to increase
      the intake of sodium chloride to 10 to 15 grm. daily.Neither saline alone, nor
      cortical extract alone produces the same effective result as whole suprarenal
      gland prepared as above administered per os.Commercial preparations of whole
      suprarenal can be entirely without effect.Subcutaneous injection of adrenalin in
      a phase of weakness may have disastrous results.Trials, using the whole gland
      preparation on normal subjects, further establish the observations of Rowntree,
      that the gastric musculature is stimulated by injection of whole suprarenal
      gland. In certain cases, considerable elevation of blood-pressure may also
      result.

PMID- 19990315
TI  - The Sterilization of Women, including Indications (Medical and Eugenic),
      Technique and Legal Position: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with the
      Eugenics Society): Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19990316
TI  - Some Fallacies in the Diagnosis of Helminthic Disease: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990317
TI  - A Differential Character of Clostridium welchii Type D: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990318
TI  - The 1934 Epidemic of Poliomyelitis in Denmark. Preliminary Report on the
      Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Convalescent Serum Therapy: (Section of
      Pathology).

PMID- 19990319
TI  - Spinal Disease Complicating Gaucher's Disease in a Child.

PMID- 19990320
TI  - Skiagrams of a Case of Myositis Ossificans of Elbow, previously shown. Spur
      removed at Subsequent Operation.

PMID- 19990321
TI  - A Giant-celled Tumour of a Lumbar Vertebra.

PMID- 19990322
TI  - Fusion of Lumbar Vertebrae.

PMID- 19990323
TI  - Prespondylolisthesis.

PMID- 19990324
TI  - Fracture of the Tibia involving the Knee-joint: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19990325
TI  - Jung's Contribution to Clinical Psychiatry : (Section of Psychiatry).
AB  - This attempt to correlate Jung's work with practical psychiatry is concerned
      mainly with his conception of clinical types. Jung went far away from the
      provinces of clinical medicine and psychiatry for his evidence, and the possible
      cause for this is discussed.He expands his view of introversion and extraversion,
      and so the suggestion is made that for practical purposes his early limitation of
      these terms should be maintained. The difficulties encountered in type
      description by comparison and contrast are emphasized. The value of his
      conception of basic functions is discussed and criticized.A review is made of the
      personalities he describes, and a simplification of his resulting classification
      suggested for practical purposes. The notion is put forward that Jung describes
      one type in psychological adaptation much better than any others, and it is
      hinted that his psycho-pathological description of this type in nerve disorder
      constitutes his main contribution to clinical psychiatry. A review of the
      treatable nerve disorders suggests that this disorder has received more adequate
      description from Jung than any other, and reveals a unique method of
      investigation and therapy. This does not apply to his other descriptions.
      Possibly some of the vagueness attributed to Jung is because he did not give this
      disorder an adequate diagnosis, and an explanation for this is offered.The
      correlation between the simplified classification and the classification of
      treatable nerve disorders is close, and it is suggested that this constitutes
      Jung's contribution to clinical psychiatry in general. The application of Jung's
      principles is of daily help to the practising psychiatrist.

PMID- 19990326
TI  - Abscess of Lung.

PMID- 19990327
TI  - Hepatosplenomegaly associated with Mental Deficiency and Bone Changes.

PMID- 19990328
TI  - Aplastic Anaemia with Bronzing.

PMID- 19990329
TI  - Precocious Puberty and Pseudohermaphroditism.

PMID- 19990331
TI  - Specimen: Polycystic Kidneys from a Case of Renal Rickets.

PMID- 19990330
TI  - Femoral Thrombosis following Varicella.

PMID- 19990332
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Absence of Cerebral Hemispheres in which the Infant
      Survived for Two Weeks.

PMID- 19990333
TI  - Congenital Motor Aphasia.

PMID- 19990334
TI  - Intracranial Aneurysm. ? Cerebral Angioma.

PMID- 19990335
TI  - Progressive Cerebellar Degeneration.

PMID- 19990336
TI  - Metastatic Tumours of the Brain: (Section of Neurology).
AB  - Metastatic tumours of the brain are comparatively common, and constitute about
      20% of all intracranial tumours. They may be derived from primary growths in any
      part of the body, but the lung and the breast are the most important sources.In
      most cases the tumours are multiple and blood-borne, and originate at the
      junction of the grey and white matter or in the central grey masses. More rarely
      a diffuse invasion of the meninges is encountered.Clinically they are
      characterized by a sudden or rapid onset, in middle-aged persons, of symptoms of
      which the most striking are intense and intractable headache out of proportion to
      the degree of intracranial pressure, symptoms of destruction of conducting
      pathways, and epileptic episodes. Wasting is severe, and the progress of the
      disease rapid.Although cerebral manifestation may precede any obvious evidence of
      the primary growth, symptoms suggestive of primary disease elsewhere can usually
      be elicited and its presence confirmed by special investigations, of which X-ray
      examination of the chest is most valuable.Treatment should be confined to those
      cases which experience pain, and should consist of an extensive decompression at
      the site of the clinical localization.

PMID- 19990338
TI  - Chronic Effusion into Right Middle Ear: Retrobulbar Neuritis in Right Eye.

PMID- 19990337
TI  - The Diagnosis and Amelioration of Senile Deafness: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990339
TI  - Three Cases of Malignant Disease of the Ear.

PMID- 19990340
TI  - An Uncommon Type of Bezold's Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19990341
TI  - Experiences in the Surgical Treatment of Lymphoedema: (Section of Tropical
      Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19990342
TI  - An Explosion in Anaesthetic Apparatus: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990343
TI  - The Electrical Ignition of Explosive Anaesthetic Mixtures: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990344
TI  - The Joint Anaesthetics Committee: A Retrospect of Eleven Years' Work: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990345
TI  - The Present and Future of Radium Teletherapy: (Section of Radiology).
AB  - The problems before the radium teletherapist are those ordinarily dealt with by
      the deep-X-ray therapist. There is, unfortunately, only one method available for
      the solution of many of these problems, that of trial and error. This paper
      records errors and attempts to rectify them.The problems are:-(1) To construct
      apparatus that can safely be used by the workers. (2) To ascertain with precision
      the site and extent of the tumour. (3) To obtain a depth-intensity and dose of
      cancericidal order without damage to the skin or intervening and surrounding
      tissues. (4) To measure and record the dose received by the tumour. (5) To
      ascertain the best total duration and spacing of component parts of the total
      dose. (6) To find means for increasing differentially the sensitivity of
      malignant cells. (7) To safeguard the patient's general health.Unless there be
      any advantage in the use of short waves, there is no permanent field for
      teletherapy.THE COMBINATION OF LONG AND SHORT WAVES APPEARS TO US TO OFFER
      ADVANTAGES: (1) Permitting continuance of irradiation when one type ceases to be
      effective; (2) safeguarding the skin; (3) perhaps offering a biological
      superiority.The immediate future calls for:-(1) Improvements in apparatus. (2)
      Agreement as to the best unit applicable alike to gamma and X-irradiation. (3)
      Further exploration of means for measuring dose received. (4) Accumulation of
      data as to effective dose in relation to tumours of different organs and
      different histological type. (5) Better grouping of clinical classes. (6) More
      universal co-operation with physicists. (7) Concentration of control of both
      forms of treatment in the same hands.

PMID- 19990346
TI  - Management of Chronic Sinus Disease-Conservative or Radical?: (Section of
      Laryngology).

PMID- 19990347
TI  - The Role of Cholesterol in Health and Disease: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990348
TI  - Lymphomatosis: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990349
TI  - Apothecaries in England in the Thirteenth Century: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990351
TI  - Lupus Mutilans Facei.

PMID- 19990350
TI  - The Life and Medical Work of Maimonides: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990352
TI  - Pustular Psoriasis.

PMID- 19990353
TI  - Three Cases of Rosaceous Tuberculide.

PMID- 19990354
TI  - Lymphadenoma: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990356
TI  - Melano-carcinoma.

PMID- 19990355
TI  - Chloasma Virginum Periorale.

PMID- 19990357
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta following (?) Erysipeloid.

PMID- 19990359
TI  - Two Cases of Melanoderma following Heavy-Metal Administration.

PMID- 19990358
TI  - Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa.

PMID- 19990360
TI  - Lichen Planus following treated Syphilis.

PMID- 19990362
TI  - Cicatricial Alopecia of the Scalp with Keratosis Pilaris.

PMID- 19990361
TI  - Granuloma of the Hand.

PMID- 19990363
TI  - Suprasellar Adamantinoma with Signs of Pituitary Insufficiency.

PMID- 19990364
TI  - Simmonds's Disease (Pituitary Cachexia).

PMID- 19990365
TI  - A Family of Nephritics.

PMID- 19990366
TI  - Hepatomegalia Glycogenica (von Gierke's Disease) associated with Infantilism, in
      Three Siblings.

PMID- 19990367
TI  - Painful Recurrent Carcinoma Mammae treated by Selenium and X-rays with Immediate
      Relief from First Injection.

PMID- 19990368
TI  - Subcutaneous Tuberculomata.

PMID- 19990369
TI  - Carcinoma of Lung: Morcellement Removal by Bronchoscopy; Subsequent Radon
      Treatment.

PMID- 19990370
TI  - Bronchiectasis: Thoracoplasty with Unsatisfactory Result. Successful Lobectomy.

PMID- 19990371
TI  - The Radiological Diagnosis of Renal Lesions, Exclusive of Stone: (Section of
      Urology).

PMID- 19990372
TI  - Some Observations on Apraxia: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990373
TI  - A Follow-up Survey of the Cases of Hydatidiform Mole and Chorion-epithelioma
      treated at the London Hospital since 1912: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990375
TI  - The Training of a Surgeon: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990374
TI  - The Problems of Out-patient Clinics for Psychoneurotics: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990376
TI  - The Radium Treatment of Malignant Disease of the Rectum and Anus: (Section of
      Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19990377
TI  - The Manifold Effects of Testicular Hormones (as Extracted from Human Urine or
      Synthetically Prepared) and of OEstrone on the Male, as Judged by Experiments on
      Rats (Abstract): (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990379
TI  - The Treatment of Angina Pectoris: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990378
TI  - Microscopic Demonstration of Hypophyses of Rats, Normal, Castrated and after
      Injection of OEstrone or Synthetic Testicular Hormone (Abstract): (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990380
TI  - Some Atmospheric Hazards Encountered in Naval Life: (United Services Section).

PMID- 19990381
TI  - The Aftermath of Apicectomy: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990382
TI  - A Case of Birth Injury of the Jaw: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990383
TI  - The Problems of Prophylaxis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: (Section of Epidemiology
      and State Medicine and Section for the Study of Disease in Children): Joint
      Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19990384
TI  - Recurrent Attacks of Jaundice.

PMID- 19990385
TI  - Rickets with some Unusual Features.

PMID- 19990386
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa (Nodular Type).

PMID- 19990387
TI  - Recurring Pyelitis in a Boy with Double Ureters and Double Renal Pelves.

PMID- 19990388
TI  - Bilateral Double Ureters: Pathological Specimen.

PMID- 19990389
TI  - Diffuse Symmetrical Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19990390
TI  - Diffuse Symmetrical Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19990391
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Liver. ? Secondary to a Suprarenal Tumour.

PMID- 19990392
TI  - Renal Dwarfism associated with Calcinosis of Kidneys.

PMID- 19990393
TI  - Congenital Hypertrophy of Heart ? (Cardiomegalia Glycogenica): Specimen.

PMID- 19990394
TI  - Infarcts and Aneurysm of Heart in an Infant of nine months: Specimen.

PMID- 19990395
TI  - Nodular Kidney in the Left Iliac Fossa.

PMID- 19990396
TI  - Juvenile General Paralysis of the Insane.

PMID- 19990397
TI  - Congenital Stenosis of the Duodenum treated by Gastro-enterostomy.

PMID- 19990398
TI  - Epidemiology in Country Practice: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19990399
TI  - Tuberculosis in Man in the Tropics: (Section of Tropical Diseases and
      Parasitology).

PMID- 19990401
TI  - Synovectomy for Multiple Synovial Chondromata.

PMID- 19990400
TI  - The Uses and Limitations of Sterilization in Social Psychiatry (Abridged Report):
      (Section of Psychiatry).
AB  - The uses and limitations of sterilization in psychiatry have become questions of
      considerable sociological importance since the publication of the Brock Report in
      January 1934.Compulsory and voluntary sterilization have quite different social
      implications-Psychiatric implications of the German law and of laws which have
      been proposed or passed in the U.S.A.Proposals of the Brock Committee;
      psychiatric aspects of the safeguards proposed; necessity for some general
      safeguards to prevent abuses.Genetic results attainable by a vigorously applied
      compulsory measure as against those to be expected from a voluntary measure.

PMID- 19990402
TI  - Old Un-united Fracture of Tibia with Overgrowth of Fibula.

PMID- 19990404
TI  - Synovectomy of Knee for Chronic non-traumatic Synovitis.

PMID- 19990403
TI  - Two Cases of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip occurring in the same Family.

PMID- 19990405
TI  - Synovectomy of Knee for Chronic Synovitis Following Trauma.

PMID- 19990406
TI  - Generalized Osteitis Fibrosa. Rapid Recalcification of Bone after Complete
      Parathyroidectomy.

PMID- 19990407
TI  - Scoliosis associated with von Recklinghausen's Disease: Treated by Bone-Grafting.

PMID- 19990408
TI  - Skiagrams of a Very Early Case of Spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 19990409
TI  - Some Practical and Theoretical Points in Labyrinthology: (Section of Otology).
AB  - The work of Steinhausen in Greifswald on the function of the cupula (Pfluger's
      Archiv, 1933, Band 232, Heft 4) is of extreme value in the conception of the
      physiological mechanism of the labyrinth. Extension of this work by measurement
      of the exact relationship between the movements of the endolymph in the canals
      and the bending of the cupula. Demonstration by means of pictures, etc.Comparison
      of the three methods of examination of the peripheral labyrinth. The time of the
      post-rotational nystagmus, the duration of the nystagmus after applying a
      constant pressure to a fistula, the time during which the caloric nystagmus
      continues after changing position of the head from Bruning's optimum to minimum
      position-all are comparable quantities and are times of about the same length,
      and all seem to be due to the elasticity of the cupula.THE GALVANIC REACTION: why
      it does not give practical results: the theory and technique of chronaxiemetrie:
      a new method of obtaining an exact estimation of the chronaxie of the vestibular
      nerve and the possibility of the practical use of this method.Demonstration of
      apparatus for determining the vestibular chronaxie, and of instruments for the
      exact registration of the eye-movements during nystagmus.

PMID- 19990410
TI  - Some Further Remarks on Labyrinth Tests: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990411
TI  - Diet in Pregnancy: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990412
TI  - Depth-Perception Exerciser.

PMID- 19990413
TI  - A Pedigree of Congenital Optic Atrophy Embracing Sixteen Affected Cases In Six
      Generations: (Section of Ophthalmology).
AB  - A family including six generations and 31 individuals is described. Sixteen were
      affected with congenital optic atrophy; in ten of these the condition has been
      verified by expert examination. Out of the sixteen, ten were males and six
      females, a sex-incidence differing considerably from that in Leber's disease. In
      our pedigree, inheritance is dominant and is always through an affected mother,
      never through an unaffected mother or through the father. In typical Leber's
      disease it is through an unaffected mother, i.e. it is recessive.In the family
      now described, the optic atrophy appears to be stationary. In all the cases that
      have been seen the discs are white, with well-defined margins and no filling-in
      of the central cups, even in those cases that retain some useful vision. Instead
      of a central scotoma as in Leber's disease, there is peripheral restriction, in
      some cases severe, but in others only slight. No ring or paracentral scotoma or
      any colour scotoma have been demonstrated. Except the atrophic discs there are no
      definite ophthalmoscopic changes. Nystagmus is either constant or intermittent in
      nearly all the cases. No other congenital anomalies have been noted, either in
      the affected or the unaffected members of our pedigree, or are known to exist in
      any relatives. There is no consanguinity which might be a factor in the
      causation.There are several recorded pedigrees of family optic atrophy differing
      from Leber's disease in some respects, but the only ones at all resembling ours
      are those of (1) J. M. Griscom and (2) Rampoldi. In (1) eight males and six
      females included in three generations had optic atrophy dating from early
      childhood. The inheritance was dominant but was through an affected father. In
      (2) seven members of a pedigree of four generations are presumed to have had
      optic atrophy inherited directly from an affected father in two cases, and from
      an affected mother in four.Taken together, these instances suggest that there may
      exist a form of congenital or family optic atrophy in which inheritance is of the
      dominant type, which in some families is transmitted through the father only, in
      others through the mother, and in others sometimes through the father and
      sometimes through the mother.

PMID- 19990414
TI  - The Use of Adrenaline in Atropine and Hyoscine Irritation: (Section of
      Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990415
TI  - Chordoma of the Base of the Skull.

PMID- 19990416
TI  - Tuberculoma of the Nasal Septum.

PMID- 19990417
TI  - Persistent Epistaxis: Thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 19990418
TI  - Polypoid Haemangioma of Pharynx.

PMID- 19990419
TI  - Angioma of Fauces.

PMID- 19990420
TI  - Principles Concerned in Tooth-Cavity Preparation: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990421
TI  - The Treatment of Otosclerotic and Similar Types of Deafness by the Local
      Application of Thyroxine: (Section of Otology).
AB  - The treatment described is the rational sequence, dependent on the writer's
      vasomotor explanation of otosclerosis. It consists in the local application of
      thyroxine to the ear. Many years ago it was observed by the writer that thyroid
      extract applied locally to the mucous membrane of the nose produced an active
      congestion without inflammatory reaction and lasting for a long time. If
      otosclerosis is the result of a defective vasomotor response in the small blood
      vessels of the ear, then thyroxine locally applied might overcome this
      defect.Fourteen cases were treated and very considerable improvement resulted in
      seven of these (50%). Of these seven, tinnitus was greatly relieved in those in
      which that symptom was present. Wax also began to be secreted again. The
      subjective symptom of paracusis, usually considered of very unfavourable
      significance, is no contra-indication to this method of treatment, as two of the
      most successful cases were the subjects of paracusis.The method of application is
      very simple and is described in full in the paper.Cases which are not suitable
      for this treatment are very advanced cases, and those in which there is any
      serious loss of bone conduction, or in which the loss of hearing for high notes
      is marked.

PMID- 19990422
TI  - The Use of Sanocrysin in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: (Section of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990423
TI  - The Haemostatic Uses of Snake Venom: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990424
TI  - Traumatic Shock: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990426
TI  - Six Cases of Chronic Retention of Urine in Women caused by Dysectasia of the
      Bladder Neck: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990425
TI  - Renal Sympathectomy: Its Scope and Limitations: (Section of Urology).
AB  - (1) Indications for renal sympathectomy, which are deemed to be warrantable by
      our present state of knowledge.(2) A disease syndrome is described in detail
      under the title of "renal sympatheticotonus."(3) This is an obstructive
      nephropathy in which the neuromuscular dysfunction causing the faulty drainage is
      typically unilateral and due presumably to overactivity of the sympathetic nerve
      supply to the kidney.(4) The outstanding features are unilateral renal stasis,
      renal pain and costo-vertebral tenderness, their recurrence after temporary
      relief by eserine, and the absence of any demonstrable cause of organic
      obstruction.(5) Three stages, which are readily demonstrable by pyelographic
      methods, are described, namely, (a) the stage of irritability or systole, (b) the
      stage of diastole or exhaustion, and (c) the stage of paralysis or
      hydronephrosis.(6) Immediate and permanent relief of symptoms is afforded by
      renal sympathectomy in stages (a) and (b).(7) In stage (c) the aid of plastic
      surgery may be necessary to overcome secondary organic obstruction.(8) The best
      interests of surgery in general and of renal sympathectomy in particular will be
      conserved by rigidly confining the operation to the type of case described.

PMID- 19990427
TI  - Peripheral Neuritis, probably due to Diphtheritic Infection of a Wound of the
      Foot.

PMID- 19990428
TI  - Peripheral Neuritis and Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19990429
TI  - Hypertrophic Peripheral Neuritis.

PMID- 19990430
TI  - Retinal Haemorrhages, of Doubtful AEtiology.

PMID- 19990431
TI  - Increased Intracranial Pressure: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990432
TI  - Paget's Disease with Spinal Compression, improving after Laminectomy.

PMID- 19990433
TI  - Left Temporal Cholesteatoma.

PMID- 19990434
TI  - Osteitis Fibrosa of Right Frontal and Sphenoid Bones.

PMID- 19990435
TI  - Primary Oligodendroglioma of Brain with Spinal Metastasis.

PMID- 19990436
TI  - Nasopharyngeal Endothelioma.

PMID- 19990437
TI  - Electrical Injury of the Shoulder.

PMID- 19990438
TI  - Morphoea.

PMID- 19990439
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19990440
TI  - Tumour (? Fibrosarcoma) of Abdominal Wall: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990441
TI  - Arsenic-resistant Syphilis.

PMID- 19990442
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19990443
TI  - Lymphangiectasia of Scrotum.

PMID- 19990444
TI  - Porokeratosis (Mibelli).

PMID- 19990445
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19990446
TI  - Parapsoriasis-en-Plaques of Brocq.

PMID- 19990447
TI  - Lupus Miliaris Faciei.

PMID- 19990448
TI  - Acrodermatitis Perstans: ? Pustular Psoriasis.

PMID- 19990450
TI  - Acrodermatitis Atrophicans Herxheimer.

PMID- 19990449
TI  - Angiokeratoma (Mibelli).

PMID- 19990451
TI  - Sarcoid of Boeck: Further report on a case previously shown.

PMID- 19990452
TI  - Some Contributions to Mediaeval Veterinary Science in the Kitab al-Falahah and in
      Fleta: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990453
TI  - An F. Baker Snuff-Box Belonging to an Eighteenth Century Apothecary: (Section of
      the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990454
TI  - Iron-stone Pigmentation of the Face (with Natural and Infra-red Photographs).

PMID- 19990456
TI  - Angio-fibrosarcoma.

PMID- 19990455
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus with Cicatricial Alopecia.

PMID- 19990457
TI  - Peculiar Fracture of Hairs.

PMID- 19990459
TI  - Epithelioma adenoides cysticum.

PMID- 19990458
TI  - Pemphigus Vulgaris: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990460
TI  - A Form of Sclerodermia: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990461
TI  - von Recklinghausen's Disease: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990462
TI  - Giant-cell Sarcoma.

PMID- 19990463
TI  - Two Cases of Pre-auricular Fistula.

PMID- 19990464
TI  - Two Cases of Tricho-epitheliomata with a "Rodent" Lesion.

PMID- 19990465
TI  - Psoriasis Pustulosa.

PMID- 19990466
TI  - Brooke's Tumour with Secondary Intra-epidermal Epithelioma.

PMID- 19990467
TI  - Lesions on Face. ? Artefacts: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990468
TI  - Pityriasis Versicolor Tropicalis.

PMID- 19990469
TI  - Summer Prurigo (Hutchinson).

PMID- 19990470
TI  - The Conservative Surgery of Carcinoma of the Rectum: (Section of Surgery: Sub
      Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19990472
TI  - The Sinuses in Relation to Eye Disease: (Section of Laryngology and Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19990471
TI  - Four Cases of Orbital Cellulitis Secondary to Nasal Disease Treated by Simple
      Incision.

PMID- 19990473
TI  - Nasal Sinusitis and Infections of the Eyeball (Abstract): (Section of Laryngology
      and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990474
TI  - Obstructions of the Trachea: (Section of Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990475
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Vertigo: (Section of Laryngology and Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19990476
TI  - English Medicine in the Eighteenth Century: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990478
TI  - Studies in Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Generalized Diseases of Bones:
      (Clinical Section).

PMID- 19990477
TI  - Generalized Diseases of the Skeleton: (Clinical Section).

PMID- 19990479
TI  - Diaphyseal Aclasis.

PMID- 19990481
TI  - Fragilitas Ossium in a Family showing both Thickening and Rarefaction of Bones,
      Relative Lymphocytosis and raised Serum Phosphatase with Absence of Blue
      Sclerotics and Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19990480
TI  - Multiple Exostoses in Father and Children.

PMID- 19990482
TI  - Osteitis Deformans.

PMID- 19990483
TI  - Two Cases illustrating the "Rheumatoid" Type of Arthritis.

PMID- 19990484
TI  - Idiopathic Steatorrhoea with Early Osteomalacia.

PMID- 19990485
TI  - The AEtiology of Fibrocystic Tumours of the Ovary: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990486
TI  - Decidual Cast in Suspected Ectopic Gestation: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990487
TI  - The Merits and Demerits of Oxytocic Drugs in the Post-partum Period: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990488
TI  - Life-Masks in Conjunction with Models of the Mouth: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990489
TI  - Pathological Specimen and Skiagrams of a Horse's Mandible showing Actinomycosis:
      (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990490
TI  - Pathological Changes in the Jaws of Animals: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990491
TI  - Osteitis Fibrosa of Maxilla and Cranium: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990492
TI  - Sequelae following Injection Anaesthesia in the Mouth: A Bacteriological
      Investigation: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990493
TI  - A New Approach to the Epidemiology of Tuberculosis: (Section of Epidemiology and
      State Medicine).

PMID- 19990495
TI  - Mesoblastic Tumours produced in Fowls by Exposure to Radium: (Section of
      Pathology).

PMID- 19990494
TI  - On the Biological Approach to the Study of Epidemiology: (Section of Epidemiology
      and State Medicine).

PMID- 19990497
TI  - Efficiency of Personnel in the Services (Abridged): (United Services Section).

PMID- 19990496
TI  - Therapeutic Observations on Non-specific Colitis: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).
AB  - The clinical characteristics of non-specific colitis and its tendency to
      spontaneous recovery and relapse make it difficult to assess the results of
      treatment, but no treatment has been found that acts as a specific cure in an
      acute attack or which will prevent relapse.The tissues of the colon are highly
      sensitive to trauma in colitis; treatment by colon lavage therefore often does
      harm and surgical procedures involving local manipulation are contra-indicated in
      acute colitis.Antidysenteric serum and Bargen's streptococcal serum and vaccine
      do not appear to produce a specific curative reaction, and their effect is
      uncertain.A generous well-balanced diet promotes recovery in convalescence, and
      long hours of fasting or scanty diet favour relapse. Experimental diets deficient
      in vitamin B complex produce colitis in monkeys, but in this country diet
      deficiencies do not appear to be the cause of human colitis, and a complete diet
      does not protect from relapse.Liver therapy has been found of no value in either
      acute or chronic colitis, except in a single case with a macrocytic anaemia.Iron
      in large doses given in chronic colitis with hypochromic anaemia is of striking
      benefit.Atropine has been used successfully to relieve spasm of the colon causing
      colic and faecal constipation.

PMID- 19990498
TI  - Mortality and Occupational Diseases of Dental Surgeons: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990499
TI  - Mitral Stenosis with Congestive Heart Failure treated by Complete Thyroidectomy.

PMID- 19990501
TI  - Latent Heart Block and Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19990500
TI  - Addison's Disease treated by Adrenal Grafting.

PMID- 19990502
TI  - Still's Disease. Splenomegaly in a Child: For Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990503
TI  - Local Fat Hyperplasia from Repeated Insulin Injections.

PMID- 19990504
TI  - Sequel to Removal of a Carcinomatous Lymph-Gland.

PMID- 19990506
TI  - Early Spondylose Rhizomelique (Marie) in a Young Man, Superficially Resembling
      Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism.

PMID- 19990505
TI  - Riedel's Lobe and Hepatoptosis giving rise to Difficulty in Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990507
TI  - Porphyrinuria and Hydroa AEstivale.

PMID- 19990508
TI  - Bony Tumour of the Pelvis.

PMID- 19990509
TI  - Cystic Swelling of the Retina.

PMID- 19990510
TI  - Hyperphoria Associated with Over-action of the Inferior Oblique Muscle. Treatment
      by Recession of the Origin of the Inferior Oblique.

PMID- 19990511
TI  - The Electrolytic Method of Treating Detachment of the Retina: (Section of
      Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990512
TI  - Binocular Vision in Everyday Life: With a Description of the Binocular Gauge:
      (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990514
TI  - Intrapelvic Arthrodesis of a Tuberculous Hip-joint by a Fibular Graft.

PMID- 19990513
TI  - The Development of Orthopaedic Surgery: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19990515
TI  - The Nervous System and the Organic Whole: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990517
TI  - Arachnodactyly with Congenital Heart Disease (? Patent Interventricular Septum).

PMID- 19990516
TI  - Detelectatic Bronchiectasis. Lobectomy. Recovery.

PMID- 19990518
TI  - Hereditary Large Parietal Foramina.

PMID- 19990519
TI  - Pick's Syndrome.

PMID- 19990520
TI  - Defective Saliva.

PMID- 19990521
TI  - Case of Hepatomegaly and Mental Backwardness. ? AEtiology.

PMID- 19990522
TI  - Renal Tumour.

PMID- 19990523
TI  - Psychiatric Digressions: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990524
TI  - The Recognition of Myocardial Disease: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990525
TI  - The Treatment of Disease by Means of Electropyrexia: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990526
TI  - Paralytic Ileus in Acute Appendicitis: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990527
TI  - Electro-therapy 1910-1935, including Experiments in the Induction of Artificial
      Fever: (Section of Physical Medicine).
AB  - Recent advances in direct-current technique, especially the advantages of
      ionization with such drugs as histamine.Faradic-current improvements, especially
      in connexion with the grid-glow valve; oscillo-graphic tracings of various
      modifications of this current.Heat and electro-pyrexia examined in particular
      reference to the type of apparatus producing the most comfortable form of pyrexia
      in a one-hour's treatment. Advantages of inductothermy in producing
      hyperpyrexia.Scope of hyperpyrexia treatments, in particular reference to their
      beneficial effects in gonorrhoea, neurosyphilis, asthma, arthritis, &c. Necessity
      for hyperpyrexia treatment to be under the charge of a qualified
      practitioner.Progress in ultra-violet-light therapy. A new apparatus for
      treatment of lupus. Improved clinical results in cases of burns, pruritus,
      varicose ulcers and diseases of the lymphatic system. A strong band (about
      10,000A degrees ) not clinically recognized is present in a water-cooled Kromayer
      Lamp. Emphasis is laid upon the penetrative power of this beam and its powerful
      selective effect upon lymphatic tissues.

PMID- 19990528
TI  - Three Cases Illustrating the Permanency of Cure and Adequate Voice after
      Operation for Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx by the Laryngo-fissure Route.

PMID- 19990529
TI  - Transpleural Removal of Total Thoracic OEsophagus.

PMID- 19990530
TI  - Myxochondroma of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19990532
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Skull: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990531
TI  - Two Cases of Malignant Disease of Bronchus.

PMID- 19990533
TI  - Carcinoma of Nose: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990534
TI  - The Comparative Study of Clinically Allied Viruses: Some Unsolved Problems of
      Edward Jenner: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990535
TI  - Three Cases of Impacted Lower Third Molar: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990536
TI  - An Improved Procedure for the Removal of Impacted Third Mandibular Molars:
      (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990537
TI  - Multiple Warts in a Creosote Worker.

PMID- 19990539
TI  - Papillomatosis: Generalized Facial Warts.

PMID- 19990538
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus treated by Antileprol injections.

PMID- 19990540
TI  - Cheilitis associated with Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia.

PMID- 19990541
TI  - Radio-dermatitis. ? Artefact. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990543
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa Hereditaria Simplex.

PMID- 19990542
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus with Bullous Exacerbations.

PMID- 19990544
TI  - Two Cases of Rosaceous Tuberculide.

PMID- 19990545
TI  - Psoriasis Lichenoides and en Gouttes.

PMID- 19990546
TI  - Recurrent Inflammation of Muco-cutaneous Surfaces, with Pyrexia: Case for
      Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990548
TI  - Mediaeval Arabic Pharmacology: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990547
TI  - Acquired Hydroa AEstivale with Haematoporphyrinuria.

PMID- 19990549
TI  - The Electrical Activity of the Cortex: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990550
TI  - Enzymic Activity of the Brain (Abstract): (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990551
TI  - The Treatment of Breech Presentations, with Special Reference to Cases of
      Extended Legs and Arms: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990552
TI  - Congenital Cerebellar Ataxia.

PMID- 19990554
TI  - Total Pneumonectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19990553
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Lung.

PMID- 19990555
TI  - Late Rickets.

PMID- 19990556
TI  - Rickets with Unusually Low Blood Calcium.

PMID- 19990557
TI  - Intramedullary Abscess causing Spinal Compression and Meningitis.

PMID- 19990558
TI  - Blood-films from Case of Congenital Lues with Leuco-erythroblastic Blood
      Response.

PMID- 19990560
TI  - Pericardiectomy in a Case of Pick's Disease.

PMID- 19990559
TI  - Severe Jaundice with Hepato-splenomegaly in a Child aged 7 days.

PMID- 19990562
TI  - Total Pneumonectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19990561
TI  - Lobectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19990563
TI  - Two Cases of Total Pneumonectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19990565
TI  - Five Cases illustrating Chrysotherapy.

PMID- 19990564
TI  - "Acute" Carcinoma of Breast, "Peau d'Orange" Type.

PMID- 19990566
TI  - Spondylose Rhizomelique.

PMID- 19990568
TI  - Fuch's Dystrophy of Cornea.

PMID- 19990567
TI  - Macular Sarcoma.

PMID- 19990569
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19990570
TI  - Fuchs' Epithelial Dystrophy: Remarks on Two Cases: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990571
TI  - A Congenital Retinal Anomaly: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990572
TI  - The Immobilization Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: (Section of Physical
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990573
TI  - Schaumann's Disease.

PMID- 19990574
TI  - Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex.

PMID- 19990575
TI  - Pemphigus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19990576
TI  - Eruption on Palms: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990578
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans. ? Epithelioma.

PMID- 19990577
TI  - Artefact: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990579
TI  - Lupus Miliaris.

PMID- 19990581
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease (Neuro-fibromatosis) with Scoliosis.

PMID- 19990580
TI  - Pigmented Hairy Mole.

PMID- 19990582
TI  - Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19990584
TI  - Petrositis: A Review of Recent Work: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990583
TI  - Cyclopropane: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990585
TI  - The Treatment of Petrositis: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990586
TI  - The Barbiturates: Their Chemistry, Action, and Toxicology: (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19990587
TI  - Snake Venom and Its Use in Dental Haemorrhage: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990589
TI  - Lichen Planus with Herald Patches.

PMID- 19990588
TI  - Two Unusual Cases of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990590
TI  - Keratodermia Blennorrhagica.

PMID- 19990591
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides treated with Malaria.

PMID- 19990592
TI  - Psoriasis of the Mucous Membranes.

PMID- 19990593
TI  - Long Delayed Radiotherapeutic Dermatitis.

PMID- 19990594
TI  - Bowen's Disease.

PMID- 19990595
TI  - Chronic Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19990597
TI  - Xanthoma Tuberosum Multiplex.

PMID- 19990596
TI  - Pseudo-xanthoma Elasticum with Angeoid Streaks in the Retina.

PMID- 19990598
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease with Skin Infiltration.

PMID- 19990600
TI  - The Treatment of Acute Frontal Sinusitis: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990599
TI  - Tuberculous Chancre.

PMID- 19990602
TI  - Specimen: Melanoma of the Vulva.

PMID- 19990601
TI  - Specimen: Cancer of the Uterus with Deposits in the Vulva.

PMID- 19990603
TI  - Specimen: Advanced Cancer of the Corpus Uteri, causing Infective Peritonitis.
      Hysterectomy. Recovery.

PMID- 19990604
TI  - Foetus Removed from Mother's Thigh Following Rupture of the Uterus.

PMID- 19990605
TI  - The Chemotherapy of Infectious Diseases caused by Protozoa and Bacteria: (Section
      of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).
AB  - The possibility of combating infectious diseases with chemotherapeutically active
      substances depends to a large extent on the structure of the pathogenic organism.
      Apart from the cure of contagious pleuro-pneumonia in horses with neosalvarsan,
      we have, as yet, no chemotherapeutic substance which is active in virus
      diseases.The position is scarcely better when we turn to bacterial infections due
      to cocci and bacilli. These two types of infective organisms occupy the lowest
      level in the scale of micro-organisms. On the other hand, the spirochaetes, which
      also belong to the bacteria group, and, still more so, those causal organisms
      belonging to the protozoa, represent relatively highly differentiated species,
      and the more highly developed a pathogenic organism is, the more points for
      attack it appears to offer to the action of chemotherapeutic substances.It is,
      therefore, not to be wondered at that the best results with chemotherapeutically
      active substances have been obtained in spirochaetal diseases (syphilis,
      relapsing fever, framboesia, etc.), and above all, in protozoal diseases. There
      is scarcely a protozoal disease of man which cannot be cured nowadays by early
      treatment with the appropriate synthetic drug. (Sleeping sickness, malaria,
      amoebic dysentery, leishmaniasis.) Epizootics resembling human diseases, as for
      example, trypanoses, are also relatively easily dealt with by the same drugs as
      have been found of value in the treatment of disease in man. On the other hand,
      there has been a lack of success, up to the present, in the treatment of those
      diseases of animals which are not generally related to the tropical diseases of
      man. The most important of these epizootics are the piroplasmoses, which are
      caused by babesiae and theileriae and which are found, not only in tropical and
      subtropical regions, but also in temperate zones.In this paper the discovery of a
      new remedy against piroplasmosis will be reported (acaprin).Further, advice will
      be given of a new class of substances, which have an actual chemotherapeutic
      action in streptococcal infections (prontosil, prontosil S), so that one can hope
      to be able in the future also to attack bacterial infections due to cocci
      chemotherapeutically.

PMID- 19990606
TI  - Problems of Obsessional Illness: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990607
TI  - Continuous Drip Blood Transfusion: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990608
TI  - The Treatment of Diverticulitis of the Colon: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990609
TI  - The Complex and the Complicated in the Surgery of the Large Intestine: (Section
      of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19990610
TI  - Vesical Diverticulum with Calculi in a Woman.

PMID- 19990611
TI  - Hypoplasia of Left Kidney.

PMID- 19990612
TI  - Neoplasm of Right Kidney.

PMID- 19990614
TI  - Haematonephrosis and Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19990613
TI  - Epididymomata. Three Specimens.

PMID- 19990615
TI  - Complete Cystectomy for Recurrent Carcinoma of the Bladder.

PMID- 19990617
TI  - Carcinoma of the Kidney in an Infant.

PMID- 19990616
TI  - Plastic Operation for Hydronephrosis: Report of Two Cases.

PMID- 19990618
TI  - Diseased Kidneys: Four Specimens.

PMID- 19990619
TI  - Chronic Dental Infection as a Cause of Inefficiency in the Army: (United Services
      Section).

PMID- 19990620
TI  - Experiments on the Transmission of Human Cold to Hedgehogs: A Preliminary Note:
      (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990621
TI  - Pyelitis of Pregnancy in the Light of Conditions Found in Mice after the
      Prolonged Administration of OEstrogenic Compounds (Abstract): (Section of
      Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990622
TI  - "Swayback": A Congenital Demyelinating Disease of Lambs with Affinities to
      Schilder's Encephalitis: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990623
TI  - The Causes and Treatment of Obesity: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990624
TI  - Continuously Evacuated X-ray Tubes: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19990625
TI  - Experiences in Manchester with the Metropolitan-Vickers Tube: (Section of
      Radiology).

PMID- 19990627
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19990628
TI  - Leuconychia.

PMID- 19990626
TI  - Poikiloderma Congenitale: Two Cases for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990629
TI  - Parakeratosis Variegata.

PMID- 19990630
TI  - Exfoliative Dermatitis: "Homme Rouge".

PMID- 19990631
TI  - Parapsoriasis en Plaques.

PMID- 19990633
TI  - Rosaceous Tuberculide.

PMID- 19990632
TI  - Lichen Planus of the Buccal Mucosa.

PMID- 19990634
TI  - Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of the Tongue.

PMID- 19990635
TI  - Tar Molluscum.

PMID- 19990636
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990637
TI  - Pigmented Epithelioma.

PMID- 19990638
TI  - Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide: Bazin's Disease.

PMID- 19990640
TI  - The Use and Abuse of the Swab in Combating Diphtheria: (Section of Epidemiology
      and State Medicine).

PMID- 19990639
TI  - Sterilized Surgical Catgut: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990641
TI  - Two Cases of Still's Disease cured by Gold Injections.

PMID- 19990643
TI  - Supernumerary Digits.

PMID- 19990642
TI  - Amyloid Disease in Bone Tuberculosis, Uncomplicated by Secondary Infection:
      Clubbing of Fingers and Toes.

PMID- 19990644
TI  - Arterial Calcification and Subcutaneous Calcinosis in a boy aged 20 months.

PMID- 19990646
TI  - Cretinism: With Upper Lumbar Kyphosis resembling that in Morquio's Disease.

PMID- 19990645
TI  - Final Report on a Case of Amyloid Disease previously shown.

PMID- 19990647
TI  - Arachnodactyly with Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19990648
TI  - Abortus Fever.

PMID- 19990649
TI  - Manifestations of Venereal Diseases in the Mouth and Face (Abridged): (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19990650
TI  - Blood Supply of the Lower Jaw: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990651
TI  - The Innervation of Teeth: (Section of Odontology).
AB  - The author, using the staining methods of Bielschowski, Gross, Beckwith, Weigert
      Pal and Cajal in frozen and serial paraffin and celloidin sections, has
      investigated the dental innervations of man, monkey, dog, cat, and guinea-pig in
      health and disease. He discusses the anatomy and physiology of the dental
      innervation and the effect of section of the inferior dental nerve on the
      trophic, vasomotor, protective, and sensory functions, with special reference to
      the relation between dental disease and neuropathies. He describes the
      innervation of the tooth germ and the nature of the growing fibrils seen before
      calcification in the dentinal papilla and draws attention to the innervation of
      the periodontal membrane. He has found that these nerves anastomose across the
      crest of the interdental septa with their fellows and demonstrates coiled sub
      cemental nerve-endings. He has been unable to find any difference in the eruption
      and casting of teeth after section of the inferior dental nerve, and does not
      find degeneration of the nerves of deciduous teeth prior to casting to be
      inevitable. He discusses the effect of local anaesthesia on the dental pulp, some
      of the causes of odontalgia and neuralgia and the effect of old age and general
      disease on the dental innervation. He has failed with lethal or continued
      sublethal doses of ethyl and methyl alcohol, lead or tetanus and diphtheria
      toxins, using the oral, gastric, subcutaneous and intravenous route, to produce
      dental neuronic change. The effects of fracture of teeth and jaws, the
      introduction of arsenic into the pulp chamber and amputation and extirpation of
      the pulp are examined. The vital resistance of the pulp and the significance of
      granulomata as a protective mechanism are discussed. The author has found that
      after extraction although there is at first degeneration of the nerve-fibres
      concerned, there may subsequently be regeneration, sometimes in the form of
      plexiform neuroma. He has produced degenerative changes in both the nerves and
      the Gasserian ganglia on both the operated and unoperated sides by the
      introduction of tetanus and diphtheria toxins into extraction sockets, where the
      neuronic involvement is proportionate to the degree of trauma with which the
      extraction is effected. The role of innervation in tooth movement during eruption
      and orthodontic correction, and after the extraction of anterior teeth, has been
      investigated, the latter by roentgencinematography.

PMID- 19990652
TI  - Chronic Anaemia, Leucopenia, Granulocytopenia and Thrombocytopenia, with Absolute
      Increase of Lymphocytes.

PMID- 19990653
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease, treated by Bran in the Diet.

PMID- 19990654
TI  - Carcinoma of the Umbilicus.

PMID- 19990655
TI  - Raynaud's Disease with Cervical Spina Bifida.

PMID- 19990656
TI  - Acroparaesthesia.

PMID- 19990657
TI  - Iron-Deficiency Anaemia responding to Liver Therapy and suggesting the co
      existence of a pernicious type of Anaemia.

PMID- 19990658
TI  - Persistent OEdema with Cyanosis. ? Nature.

PMID- 19990659
TI  - Two Cases of Raynaud's Disease.

PMID- 19990660
TI  - Acrocyanosis treated by Sympathectomy.

PMID- 19990661
TI  - Post-cricoid Carcinoma.

PMID- 19990663
TI  - Late X-ray Reaction in the Larynx.

PMID- 19990662
TI  - Atrophic Rhinitis treated by Cartilage Grafts.

PMID- 19990664
TI  - The Mechanism of the Bronchial Movements and the Naso-pulmonary Reflex: (Section
      of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990665
TI  - Rhinosporidiosis.

PMID- 19990666
TI  - The Malaria Epidemic in Ceylon 1934-1935: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine with Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology), Joint Discussion
      No. 1.

PMID- 19990667
TI  - The Routes of Infection and Paths of Transmission of Viruses: (Section of
      Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990668
TI  - The Spleen, the Liver, and the Brain: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990669
TI  - Some Observations on the Adaptation of the Cathode Ray Oscillograph to the
      Recording of Bio-Electrical Phenomena, with Special Reference to the
      Electrocardiogram: (Section of Physical Medicine).
AB  - The mechanism of the Cathode Ray Oscillograph is described and illustrated. The
      character of the cathode ray image ("spot"), produced when the ray impinges on
      the fluorescent screen, is briefly considered. Simple associated circuits are
      explained (including a "Time base" circuit). The advantages and disadvantages of
      the Cathode ray tube as a bio-electrical recording device are briefly
      examined.Some of the problems associated with the design of a suitable amplifier
      are dealt with, in conjunction with the amount of amplification to be performed
      and the time relations of the electrical transient to be examined, taking the
      electrocardiogram as an illustration. A very short account of the theory of
      amplifier distortions is given, and a practical method of examining these by
      means of an "artificial patient" is described and demonstrated.

PMID- 19990670
TI  - Studies of the Human Pituitary in Health and Disease: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990671
TI  - The Kidney Pelvis: Its Normal and Pathological Physiology (Abridged): (Section of
      Urology).

PMID- 19990672
TI  - Idiopathic Steatorrhoea with Skin Lesions and Megalocytic Anaemia.

PMID- 19990674
TI  - Ophthalmoplegia due to Aneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery.

PMID- 19990673
TI  - Idiopathic Steatorrhoea with Osteoporosis, Tetany and Megalocytic Anaemia.

PMID- 19990675
TI  - Two Cases of Peculiar Splitting of the Nails.

PMID- 19990676
TI  - Bazin's Disease Associated with Raynaud's Disease, treated by Lumbar
      Ganglionectomy.

PMID- 19990677
TI  - Bowen's Disease of the Finger.

PMID- 19990678
TI  - Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19990679
TI  - Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (Darier-Lipschutz).

PMID- 19990680
TI  - Leiomyoma Cutis.

PMID- 19990681
TI  - Anaesthesia in Thoracic Surgery, with Special Reference to Lobectomy: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990682
TI  - The Pharmacological Action and Clinical Use of Drugs with a Camphor- and Coramine
      like Action: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990683
TI  - Physiological Factors Influencing the Action of Insulin: (Section of Therapeutics
      and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990684
TI  - Agranulocytosis: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology with Section of
      Medicine), Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19990685
TI  - Radiology in Relation to Obstetrics: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with
      Section of Radiology), Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19990686
TI  - The Use of the Non-Volatile Narcotics: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990688
TI  - Fibromata with Atypical Epithelial Proliferation.

PMID- 19990687
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19990689
TI  - Poikilodermato-myositis (Petges).

PMID- 19990691
TI  - Steatocystoma Multiplex (Pringle); (2) Sebocystomatosis (Gunther).

PMID- 19990690
TI  - Poikilodermia with Polydactyly.

PMID- 19990693
TI  - Toxic Dermatitis. ? Arsenical.

PMID- 19990692
TI  - Darier-Roussy Sarcoid.

PMID- 19990694
TI  - The Morbid Conditions which Cause Progressive Hyperglycaemic Glycosuria and the
      Circumstances which Modify its Course: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990696
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Parietal Foramina.

PMID- 19990695
TI  - Jaundice and ? Hepatic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19990697
TI  - Osteo-chondro-dystrophy of Morquio Type.

PMID- 19990698
TI  - Two Cases of Syphilis Showing Ulcerative Skin Lesions.

PMID- 19990699
TI  - Amaurotic Family Idiocy (Tay-Sachs' Disease).

PMID- 19990700
TI  - Anaemia with Bone Changes in the Skull.

PMID- 19990702
TI  - Two Cases, and Specimens from a Third Case, of Punctate Epiphyseal Dysplasia.

PMID- 19990701
TI  - Recurrent Cranial Nerve and Spinal Paralyses associated with Herpes.

PMID- 19990703
TI  - Cerebellar Ataxia (Marie's Ataxy).

PMID- 19990704
TI  - Ichthyosis Congenita.

PMID- 19990705
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19990706
TI  - Purpura Haemorrhagica: Splenectomy.

PMID- 19990707
TI  - Two Brothers having the Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome.

PMID- 19990708
TI  - Eclamptic Detachment of the Retina: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990709
TI  - Vitamins in Ophthalmology: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990710
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Juvenile General Paralysis: (Section of
      Neurology).

PMID- 19990711
TI  - The Amelioration of Dental Sepsis by Physical Methods, including Ultra-Violet
      Irradiation and Ionization: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19990712
TI  - Short-Distance Low-Voltage X-Ray Therapy: (Section of Radiology).
AB  - Short distance X-ray therapy is characterized by the application of a very high
      dose to the diseased area only; the surrounding and underlying healthy tissue,
      being spared irradiation, is therefore able to assist the process of repair.
      Distribution of the dose is obtained by providing for a steep energy gradient
      within the tissue and by using metal applicators with fields of entry from 9 to
      25 sq. cm. The short focal distance required is made possible by a monopolar X
      ray tube of unusual design run at a constant potential of 60 kv., the total
      filtration amounting to 0.2 mm. of copper.Doses of 300 to 500 "r" are
      administered every day for from two to four minutes. The total dose applied to
      the patient during two to four weeks is from 5,000 to 10,000 "r". From these data
      it is apparent that the new X-ray therapy has many features in common with
      ordinary radium therapy.Up to the end of 1935 231 cases had been treated by this
      method, the time of observation extending up to four years. The statistics
      include cases of cancer of the lips, the oral cavity, the eyelids, forehead, nose
      and ear, and on the surface of the trunk and limbs.The possibilities of the
      method are, however, by no means restricted to tumours located on, or near, the
      surface of the body or in body cavities. Recently its scope has been extended to
      the treatment of deep-seated tumours, notably tumours of the rectum, made
      accessible by surgical operation. The results obtained in these cases are very
      encouraging. For instance, the first patient treated by this method two years ago
      has enjoyed perfect health and is pursuing his normal occupation.In the case of
      tumours of large size or with many metastases, or having previously undergone
      intensive X-ray or radium treatment, the method is contra-indicated.

PMID- 19990713
TI  - Horse-shoe Kidney: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990714
TI  - Impotence and its Surgical Treatment: With Reference to New Operative Procedure:
      (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990715
TI  - Steinach II Operation for Prostatic Obstruction: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990716
TI  - Retro-auricular Fistula.

PMID- 19990717
TI  - Mastoid Fistula treated by Insertion of Temporal Muscle Graft.

PMID- 19990718
TI  - Bilateral Retro-auricular Fistula.

PMID- 19990720
TI  - The Anatomy of the Middle Ear: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990719
TI  - Apparent Complete Loss of Bone Conduction in the presence of Fair Hearing by Air
      Conduction.

PMID- 19990721
TI  - Modern Methods in Agglutination: (Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19990722
TI  - Functional Nervous Disease in the Fighting Services: (United Services Section
      with Section of Psychiatry), Joint Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19990723
TI  - Sacro-coccygeal Chordoma.

PMID- 19990724
TI  - Specimen: Polyposis of the Rectum and Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19990725
TI  - Specimen: Polyposis of the Rectum and Pelvic Colon with a Double Carcinoma of the
      Rectum.

PMID- 19990726
TI  - Sarcoma of the Buttock treated with Radon Seeds.

PMID- 19990727
TI  - Recurrence after Local Excision of Adenoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19990728
TI  - Five Cases of Extensive Papillomata of Rectum and Pelvic Colon.

PMID- 19990729
TI  - Specimen illustrating Misplaced Epithelium (possibly Pancreas) within the Rectum.

PMID- 19990730
TI  - Obliterative Arterial Disease as it Affects the Limbs: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990731
TI  - Clinical and Parasitological Observations on Induced Malaria: (Section of
      Tropical Diseases and Parasitology).

PMID- 19990732
TI  - Surgical Perforation in a Mediaeval Skull with Reference to Neolithic Holing:
      (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990733
TI  - A Case of Primitive Surgical Holing of the Cranium Practised in Great Britain in
      Mediaeval Times, with a Note on the Introduction of Trepanning Instruments:
      (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990734
TI  - Non-Malignant Obstruction of the OEsophagus: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990735
TI  - Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans (Herxheimer).

PMID- 19990736
TI  - Multiple Leiomyomata.

PMID- 19990737
TI  - Fox-Fordyce Disease.

PMID- 19990738
TI  - Pustular Psoriasis.

PMID- 19990739
TI  - Dermatolysis and Fragility of the Skin.

PMID- 19990740
TI  - Epiloia (Pringle's Adenoma Sebaceum).

PMID- 19990741
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19990742
TI  - Lichen Planus simulating Pityriasis Rosea.

PMID- 19990743
TI  - Glossitis Rhombica Mediana.

PMID- 19990744
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus (Tumid Type).

PMID- 19990745
TI  - Pigmented Syphilide.

PMID- 19990746
TI  - Sub-epidermal Granuloma affecting the Skin of the Face: ? Sarcoid of Darier
      Roussy.

PMID- 19990747
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris.

PMID- 19990749
TI  - Naevus Spilus.

PMID- 19990748
TI  - Notes on a Case of Lichen Ruber of the Rectum.

PMID- 19990750
TI  - Senear-Usher Syndrome.

PMID- 19990752
TI  - Atresia of the Vagina: Operation Followed by Pregnancy and Caesarean Section.

PMID- 19990751
TI  - Intrinsic Dysmenorrhoea: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990753
TI  - Demonstration of a Number of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Models.

PMID- 19990754
TI  - Allergic Tests in External Eye Conditions: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990755
TI  - Monocular Optic Neuritis, ? Neoplasm.

PMID- 19990757
TI  - The Value of Radiology in Diseases of the Ear: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990756
TI  - Haemorrhage and Exudation into the Recessus Hyaloideo-capsulare in a Case of
      Septic Retino-choroiditis: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990758
TI  - The Inheritance of Manic-depressive Insanity : (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990759
TI  - Intestinal Strangulation: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990760
TI  - Historical Notes on Cancer from the MSS. of Louis Westenra Sambon: (Section of
      the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990761
TI  - Review of the Observations which have Accumulated with regard to the Significance
      of Diphtheria Types in the Last Four Years (1931-1935): (Section of Pathology).
AB  - 1. In a series of more than 6,000 cases of diphtheria gathered from many parts of
      the country and from Germany during the last five years, at least 95% of the
      strains have fallen within three principal types described in 1933 as Gravis,
      Intermediate, and Mitis.2. Of these the Gravis strains have been found to be
      associated with the highest case death-rate and the greatest incidence of
      paralysis. The Intermediate strains are more nearly related to Gravis than to
      Mitis in respect of their case death-rate, and at least equal to Gravis in
      tending to produce haemorrhagic phenomena. The "Mitis" strains are the most
      likely of all to produce lesions extending to the larynx and lungs, but apart
      from such complications are rarely the cause of death.3. The suggested
      nomenclature for the types is further justified by observations on the incidence
      of diphtheria in the immunized and on diphtheria mortality in areas in which
      different types predominate. Also, it is justified though not so definitely by
      observations on animal pathogenicity.4. Typical Gravis strains are so constantly
      pathogenic to animals that virulence tests with such strains are superfluous.5.
      The stability of the types both in the animal and in the human body is marked
      although a number of observations are extant suggesting fluctuation of type in
      vitro.6. It seems most probable, although open to question, that the fluctuations
      of type observed in many areas over a period of years are due to the waxing and
      waning of virulence of a number of independent races, rather than to mutations
      from one to another.7. The discrepancy between the clinical severity of Gravis
      infections and their poor capacity to produce toxin in vitro has not yet received
      any adequate explanation.8. The nasal carrier is the most important factor in the
      spread of diphtheria.9. Clauberg's suggestion that the variants from the three
      well-defined types which are met may best be explained by rough to smooth
      variation within the types, the rougher strains representing the more virulent
      forms in each type, receives a good deal of support from a wide survey of the
      accumulated observations. A considerable group of freely growing and rough-non
      starch fermenting forms which are non-pathogenic would form an exception to this
      rule as these would be classified as rough "Mitis." These may, however,
      eventually prove with further investigation to be diphtheroid strains distinct
      from "Mitis."

PMID- 19990762
TI  - Fractures in the Region of the Shoulder-Joint: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19990764
TI  - Some Recent Developments in Helminthology: (Section of Tropical Diseases and
      Parasitology).

PMID- 19990763
TI  - Crustacea as Helminth Intermediaries: (Section of Tropical Diseases and
      Parasitology).

PMID- 19990765
TI  - The Medical Aspects of the Menopause: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990766
TI  - Congenital Absence of Teeth.

PMID- 19990767
TI  - An Unerupted Supernumerary Tooth causing Death of the Pulp of a Central Incisor.

PMID- 19990769
TI  - Models showing Expansion in both Transverse and Antero-posterior Diameters of the
      Maxilla.

PMID- 19990768
TI  - Two Cases of Fracture of the Roots of Two Incisors where the Pulps have remained
      Vital.

PMID- 19990770
TI  - Bilateral Perforation of the Antrum and Nose into the Mouth, following Chronic
      Destructive Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla.

PMID- 19990771
TI  - Osteomyelitis of Mandible, complicated by Septicaemia and Secondary Abscesses of
      Elbow and Hip.

PMID- 19990772
TI  - Swelling in Palate: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19990773
TI  - Subgingival Fracture of Upper Central Incisor without Death of Pulp.

PMID- 19990775
TI  - Disturbances of Function of the Ear following Injury: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990774
TI  - Otosclerosis associated with Blue Sclerotics and Fragilitas Ossium: (Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19990776
TI  - Specimen: Sequestrum of the Mastoid Cells.

PMID- 19990777
TI  - "Stag-horn" Calculus removed from a Single Kidney.

PMID- 19990778
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism: including Renal Calculi.

PMID- 19990780
TI  - Stricture of the Ureter.

PMID- 19990779
TI  - Blind Supernumerary Ureter.

PMID- 19990782
TI  - Infected Hydronephrosis in a Horse-shoe Kidney.

PMID- 19990781
TI  - Urethral, Ureteric, and Prostatic Calculi.

PMID- 19990783
TI  - The Treatment of Addison's Disease with Salt: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990785
TI  - The Value of Radiology in Neuro-Surgery: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19990784
TI  - Vitamin B(1) in Human Diets: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - Constituents of beri-beri-producing diets, borderline diets, and protective diets
      given by Braddon and others were analysed for vitamin B(1) content by Cowgill. He
      used a long series of assays published by numerous investigators and calculated
      the various units and percentage values as milligram equivalents of a yeast
      powder. He thus obtained approximate vitamin B(1) values for these diets. He
      showed that these values, together with the incidence of beri-beri, justified the
      application to man of a formula obtained experimentally and gave an indication of
      man's minimum requirement of the vitamin.In this paper the vitamin B(1) value of
      the same diets has been obtained from direct assays against the International
      Standard of the constituent foods, raw or cooked, as usually eaten. These are in
      good agreement with the values drawn from the less direct calculation, and
      indicate that man's minimum requirement may vary according to weight and food
      intake between 200 and 500 units daily.The desirable level of B(1) intake for
      adults and children has been studied by analysing in the same way a series of
      diets recommended by public bodies or by dietitians in England and America.
      Adults on good diets consume 450 to 750 units daily. High vitamin diets may
      contain about 1,500 units.Diets recommended for children show relatively higher
      levels than those for adults, that of a child aged 4 years having nearly 400
      units and that of a child aged 11 years having about 650.

PMID- 19990786
TI  - The Selective Regional Vulnerability of the Brain and its Relation to Psychiatric
      Problems: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990788
TI  - The Prevention of Neo-Natal Death, Injury, And Disease: (Section for the Study of
      Disease in Children, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine), Joint Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19990787
TI  - The Occupational Selection of Aircraft Apprentices of the Royal Air Force:
      (United Services Section).

PMID- 19990789
TI  - The Prevention and Treatment of Atelectasis in the Newborn Child: with Particular
      Reference to the Use of a New Inclined Receiving Table: (Section for the Study of
      Disease in Children, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine), Joint Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19990790
TI  - Anaemia with Pigmentation of the Skin: Collapsed Left Lower Lobe.

PMID- 19990791
TI  - Two Cases of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis treated with Eumydrin.

PMID- 19990792
TI  - Splenomegaly with Jaundice.

PMID- 19990794
TI  - Bilateral Dilated Ureters.

PMID- 19990793
TI  - Duodenal Stenosis.

PMID- 19990795
TI  - Aplastic Anaemia.

PMID- 19990797
TI  - Diabetes Mellitus with an unusually Low Renal Threshold for Sugar.

PMID- 19990796
TI  - Collapse of the Left Lower Lobe.

PMID- 19990798
TI  - Pneumatocele of Neck.

PMID- 19990799
TI  - Encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 19990800
TI  - Childhood Obesity with Congenital Abnormalities.

PMID- 19990801
TI  - Ulcer in Connexion with Keloidal Condition on Left Leg.

PMID- 19990802
TI  - Spondylose Rhizomelique.

PMID- 19990803
TI  - Carcinoma of Bronchus treated by Morcellement Removal by Bronchoscopy and
      Subsequent Radon Treatment.

PMID- 19990805
TI  - Inflammatory Dislocation of the Atlas from the Axis.

PMID- 19990804
TI  - Ophthalmoplegia due to Aneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery.

PMID- 19990806
TI  - Bilateral Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated by: (a) Partial Artificial Pneumothorax
      for the Right Lung; (b) Thoracoplasty for the Left Lung; (c) Insulin.

PMID- 19990807
TI  - Myxoedema Resistant to Thyroid Treatment.

PMID- 19990808
TI  - Recurrent Pyrexia of over Two Years' Duration.

PMID- 19990810
TI  - Chronic Meningococcal Septicaemia ending in Meningococcal Meningitis and
      Recovery.

PMID- 19990809
TI  - A Case of Polycythaemia Vera in which Phenyl hydrazine Treatment was followed by
      Acute Platelet Reactions.

PMID- 19990811
TI  - Two Cases of Severe and Long-standing Osteo-arthritis, with Advanced Radiographic
      Changes. Pain Relieved and Function Largely Restored by X-ray Treatment.

PMID- 19990812
TI  - Posterior Interosseous Paralysis.

PMID- 19990813
TI  - Subpectoral Sarcoma: ? Lymphosarcoma ? Myosarcoma.

PMID- 19990814
TI  - Diabetes and Bilateral Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated by Artificial Pneumothorax
      and Phrenic Evulsion.

PMID- 19990815
TI  - Intermittent Claudication.

PMID- 19990816
TI  - Erythromyelosis in Fowls (Yellow Anaemia) and its Treatment by Liver Extracts:
      (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990817
TI  - Evolution and Disease: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990818
TI  - An Experimental Investigation of the Lymphatic System of the Teeth and Jaws:
      (Section of Odontology).
AB  - A review of the literature is given, followed by a consideration of the available
      methods of demonstrating the lymphatic system in the area of the teeth and jaws.A
      new method of demonstrating this system by the injection or application of lead
      acetate intra vitam, is described, and the technique is explained. The method can
      be employed to reveal macroscopic or microscopic lymph channels in any part of
      the body, and is especially of value where decalcification of the hard tissues
      has to be carried out in the preparation of the sections.The various types of
      experiments which have been performed are described, and the macroscopic and
      microscopic results dealt with separately.Among the macroscopic results, the
      lymphatic drainage of various parts the jaws is described, and the large amount
      of anastomosis and cross anastomosis between the vessels is shown. A comparison
      of the lymphatic system in this region in the guinea-pig, cat, dog, and monkey is
      given, and it is demonstrated that the guinea-pig and monkey possess submental
      and supraclavicular lymph nodes which assist in the drainage of this area in
      addition to the submaxillary and cervical groups of nodes possessed by the cat
      and the dog.Among the microscopic results, the way in which the mass makes its
      way from the gingival tissues through the bone, and is found in the pulp,
      dentine, and cementum of the tooth, even where no pressure is applied, is
      described. The communication of the lymphatic vessels of the pulp with those of
      the periodontal membrane and the path of the mass down the periodontal membrane
      from the gingival trough, and its entry into the alveolar bone from this
      situation are demonstrated, and the way in which the mass reaches the pulp,
      dentine, and cementum of the tooth from the gingival tissues is discussed.The
      significance of various concentrations of the mass in the tissues, particularly
      the dentine, is also discussed. Control experiments are described, the
      conclusions which have been reached are given, and the lines on which further
      experiments are being continued are indicated.Finally, the application of the
      results to the pathology of infection in this region, particularly paradontal
      disease, is given, and also their application to the phenomena of injection
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 19990819
TI  - Prophylaxis, Treatment and Bacteriology of Pertussis: (Section of Epidemiology
      and State Medicine).

PMID- 19990820
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris: Resolution Following Eczema.

PMID- 19990821
TI  - Hereditary Alopecia in Mother and Daughter.

PMID- 19990822
TI  - Boeck's Sarcoid.

PMID- 19990823
TI  - Microscopic Sections from two Cases of Blue Naevus (Jadassohn).

PMID- 19990824
TI  - Xanthoma with Pigmentation.

PMID- 19990825
TI  - Idiopathic Hypochromic Anaemia with Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

PMID- 19990826
TI  - Keratosis of the Nipples.

PMID- 19990827
TI  - Hypoplasia of Terminal Phalanges Associated with either Local or General
      Diphtheric Infection.

PMID- 19990828
TI  - Lymphangioma.

PMID- 19990830
TI  - Two Cases of Lichen Planus Activated by Neoarsphenamine.

PMID- 19990829
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19990831
TI  - Morphoea.

PMID- 19990832
TI  - Urology in Children: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990833
TI  - Emphysema: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19990835
TI  - Nasal Tuberculoma: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990834
TI  - Headache Associated with Disease in the Nose: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990836
TI  - Specimen: Carcinoma of Trachea.

PMID- 19990837
TI  - OEsophageal Pouch.

PMID- 19990838
TI  - Tumours in Cheek. ? Fibro-myxoma.

PMID- 19990839
TI  - Diagnostic Problems in Otogenous Intracranial Complications: (Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19990840
TI  - The Prescribing of Hearing Aids: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990841
TI  - On Urinary Calculus, with Special Reference to Stone in the Bladder: (Section of
      Urology).

PMID- 19990842
TI  - The Estimation of Histamine in Blood: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19990843
TI  - Circulatory Adjustments in Polycythaemia Rubra Vera: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990844
TI  - Massive Collapse of the Lung: "Absorption Collapse": (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990845
TI  - Some Psychiatric Observations in Arterial Hypertension: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990846
TI  - Bromide Intoxication: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990847
TI  - The Question of Visual Impairment in Constructional Apraxia: (Section of
      Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990848
TI  - The Alpha and Beta Rays in Skin Therapy: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19990849
TI  - Congenital Deformities of Mechanical Origin: (Section for the Study of Disease in
      Children).

PMID- 19990850
TI  - Persistent Acidosis in an Infant: Cause not yet ascertained.

PMID- 19990851
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Lung.

PMID- 19990852
TI  - Congenital Blindness: ? Bilateral Pseudo-glioma.

PMID- 19990853
TI  - Ethmoidal Suppuration with Orbital Involvement.

PMID- 19990854
TI  - Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (? of Traumatic Origin).

PMID- 19990855
TI  - Infantile Myxoedema.

PMID- 19990856
TI  - Pneumothorax and Bronchial Collapse following a Chest Injury.

PMID- 19990857
TI  - Myopathy.

PMID- 19990859
TI  - Herniation of the Nucleus Pulposus Producing Compression of the Spinal Cord
      (Complicated by Chronic Staphylococcal Granuloma): (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990858
TI  - The AEtiology and Treatment of Fibrous Stricture of the Rectum (including
      Lymphogranuloma Inguinale): (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19990860
TI  - Huntington's Chorea in an East African.

PMID- 19990862
TI  - Uterus with a Twelve-weeks' Gestation-Sac, and in the Right-hand Cornu a second
      Gestation-Sac.

PMID- 19990861
TI  - Cellular Fibroma growing through the Sacro-sciatic Notch, removed from a Woman
      aged 75.

PMID- 19990863
TI  - The Uterus, Tubes and Ovaries removed after Evacuation of a Hydatidiform Mole.

PMID- 19990864
TI  - On the motion: "That induction of premature labour should not play any part in
      the treatment of pelvic contraction or disproportion in primigravidae": (Section
      of Obstetrics nd Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990865
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Upper Jaw: (Section of Laryngology and Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19990867
TI  - Further Studies on the Pathology of Alastrim and their Significance in the
      Variola-Alastrim Problem (Lloyd Roberts Lecture): (Section of Tropical Diseases
      and Parasitology).

PMID- 19990866
TI  - Enuresis: (Section of Psychiatry and Section for the Study of Disease in
      Children), Joint Discussion No. 6.

PMID- 19990868
TI  - Third Molar behind the Orbit.

PMID- 19990869
TI  - Complete Caries of Erupted Permanent Dentition in a Boy aged 13 Years. Agenesia
      of the Enamel.

PMID- 19990870
TI  - Scurvy with Oral and General Manifestations.

PMID- 19990871
TI  - Some Considerations of the Pathology and Treatment of Dental Infections of the
      Antrum: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990872
TI  - Further Investigations on Bacteriological Infections of the Mouth: (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19990874
TI  - The History of Psychology in Medicine: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19990873
TI  - The Endocrine Control of the Prostate: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990876
TI  - Ultra-violet Light: Modified Technique.

PMID- 19990875
TI  - New Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Organized Growth: (Section of
      Pathology).

PMID- 19990877
TI  - Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19990878
TI  - Bullous Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19990879
TI  - Ulceration of the Leg and ? Myositis Ossificans.

PMID- 19990881
TI  - Congenital Ectodermal Defect: Hyperkeratosis of Palms; Atrophy of Nails and
      adjoining Skin over Dorsum of Terminal Phalanges; Microdontism; Cicatricial
      Alopecia.

PMID- 19990880
TI  - Pseudo-elephantiasis: Milroy's Disease.

PMID- 19990882
TI  - Congenital Developmental Malformation.

PMID- 19990883
TI  - Sarcoid.

PMID- 19990884
TI  - Parapsoriasis Varioliformis.

PMID- 19990885
TI  - Poikilodermatomyositis.

PMID- 19990886
TI  - Hydroa AEstivale.

PMID- 19990887
TI  - Acrosclerosis associated with Raynaud's Syndrome.

PMID- 19990888
TI  - Symmetrical Pigmentary Syphilide.

PMID- 19990889
TI  - Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 19990890
TI  - Lupus Miliaris Facei.

PMID- 19990891
TI  - Lichen Sclerosis.

PMID- 19990892
TI  - Technique of Lower Segment Caesarean Section, More Especially in "Suspect" and
      Infected Cases: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990893
TI  - Two Cases of Angular Pregnancy: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990895
TI  - Dyschondroplasia with Multiple Chondromata.

PMID- 19990894
TI  - Two Cases of Full-time Ectopic Pregnancy-I, Delivered by Vaginal Route: Child
      just Dead; II, Delivered Abdominally: Living Child: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990896
TI  - Fusion of Transverse Processes of Third and Fourth Lumbar Vertebrae.

PMID- 19990897
TI  - Osteochondritis of the Capitellum.

PMID- 19990898
TI  - Abnormal Ossification of the Tuberosity of the Os Calcis.

PMID- 19990899
TI  - Fatal Case of Empyema Secondary to a Tuberculous Spinal Abscess.

PMID- 19990900
TI  - Rupture of a Tuberculous Spinal Abscess into the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19990901
TI  - Tuberculous Disease of the Knee-joint: Result of Excision.

PMID- 19990903
TI  - The Comparative Results of Different Forms of Treatment for Cases of Pulmonary
      Tuberculosis (Abbreviated): (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19990902
TI  - Osteochondritis of the Lower End of the Left Femur in a Child aged 5 years.

PMID- 19990905
TI  - Intratympanic Medication, with Special Reference to Thyroxine: (Section of
      Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990904
TI  - Some Aspects of the Problem of Facial Paralysis: (Section of Laryngology and
      Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990906
TI  - A Therapeutic Trial of a Raw Vegetable Diet in Chronic Rheumatic Conditions:
      (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - Twelve cases of chronic rheumatism have been treated on a raw vegetable diet for
      periods of two weeks, followed by a modified diet for further periods.No other
      method of treatment has been used during the period of observation.Pain has been
      relieved in ten cases and those cases in which there were muscular pain and
      stiffness with simple effusions into the joints have benefited most.Cinematograph
      records of the progress have been made.The immediate results obtained appear to
      be due to the low sodium content of the diet; other factors have not been
      excluded.

PMID- 19990907
TI  - Carbon Dioxide Absorption from Anaesthetic Atmospheres : (Section of
      Anaesthetics).
AB  - A safe and practical technique for the application of carbon dioxide absorption
      from anaesthetic atmospheres is described. It has been found satisfactory in over
      20,000 administrations over a period of fifteen years. High-grade soda lime is
      utilized as the chemical absorbent. Granules are placed in a canister between
      face mask, and breathing bag. The canister is carefully checked for efficiency by
      both chemical analyses and physical experiments. Its size, shape and arrangement
      is shown to be important for safety and maximum efficiency. Detailed techniques
      are described for the use of various agents. Advantages of carbon dioxide
      absorption are set forth. The "Apnoea" suggested by Guedel is described under the
      term "Controlled Respiration" and attention is called to certain of its
      advantages.

PMID- 19990908
TI  - Purpura associated with Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19990909
TI  - Pringle's Disease (Adenoma Sebaceum) with Associated Tumours of the Nail-Beds of
      the Toes.

PMID- 19990910
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris of the Nose under treatment with Tuberculin.

PMID- 19990911
TI  - Sebocystomatosis (Gunther) in Two Brothers.

PMID- 19990912
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19990913
TI  - Molluscum Contagiosum Miliare (Whitfield).

PMID- 19990914
TI  - Arachnoiditis: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19990915
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Ophthalmoplegia Externa: A Case helped by Prisms.

PMID- 19990916
TI  - Massive Exudative Retinitis.

PMID- 19990917
TI  - Circumscribed Polypoid Sarcoma of the Cervix Uteri.

PMID- 19990918
TI  - Tubal Pregnancy Associated with (or caused by) an Ovarian Cyst.

PMID- 19990919
TI  - Metrochylorrhoea.

PMID- 19990920
TI  - A Case of Primary Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19990921
TI  - Three Cases of Tumour of the Uterus, Secondary to Cystic Ovarian Tumours.

PMID- 19990922
TI  - The Ecological Outlook on Epidemiology: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19990923
TI  - Specimens from Five Cases of Unusual Structural Abnormalities.

PMID- 19990924
TI  - Unilateral Secondary Facial Cleft with Excess Tooth and Bone Formation.

PMID- 19990925
TI  - Precocious Puberty in a Girl aged 4 Years.

PMID- 19990926
TI  - Gargoylism (Chondro-osteo-dystrophy, Hepatosplenomegaly, Deafness) in Two
      Brothers.

PMID- 19990927
TI  - Further Report on a Case Illustrating the Action of Bran in the Treatment of
      Hirschsprung's Disease, previously shown December 13, 1935.

PMID- 19990928
TI  - Collapse of Lower Lobe with Bronchial Dilatation: Apparent Resolution.

PMID- 19990929
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19990930
TI  - Diaphyseal Aclasis.

PMID- 19990931
TI  - The Search for Truth, with Special Reference to the Frequency of Gastric Ulcer
      Cancer and the Origin of Grawitz Tumours of the Kidney: (Section of Pathology).
AB  - The importance of the truth in science is emphasized and the difficulty of
      finding the truth by searching medical literature is pointed out. Two
      pathological problems are considered as illustrations. The great variation of
      opinion as to the frequency of ulcer-cancer of the stomach is noted and the lack
      of definite histological criteria for its diagnosis is suggested as the cause of
      this variation. Four points in the diagnosis of pre-existing peptic ulcer are
      mentioned and the importance of fusion between the muscularis mucosae and
      muscularis at the edge of the ulcer is insisted upon. The risk of mistaking deep
      epithelial heterotopia for carcinoma is illustrated.The problem of the origin of
      Grawitz tumours of the kidney is next considered and the literature briefly
      reviewed. The rarity of carcinoma of the suprarenal compared with Grawitz tumours
      is indicated by an examination of 5,201 autopsies at St. Mary's Hospital. The
      variation in sex incidence of the two tumours is also commented upon. The results
      of an analysis of 387 small nodules found in the kidneys in 1,172 necropsies are
      given. Adenomata were found in 7.2% and accessory suprarenals in 2.6%. An example
      of a transition between an adenoma and a Grawitz tumour is illustrated. Stress is
      laid on the essential papillary structure of the Grawitz tumour and it is
      suggested that the renal theory of its origin is more likely to be true.

PMID- 19990932
TI  - Total Cystectomy with Transplantation of the Ureters into the Pelvic Colon for
      Malignant Growth of the Urinary Bladder: (Based on an Experience of Seven
      Successful Cases): (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19990933
TI  - Paget's Disease affecting the Left Femur only.

PMID- 19990935
TI  - Gargoylism (Chondro-osteo-dystrophy, Corneal Opacities, Hepatosplenomegaly, and
      Mental Deficiency).

PMID- 19990934
TI  - Mitral Stenosis with Congestive Heart Failure treated by Complete Thyroidectomy.

PMID- 19990936
TI  - Ectopia Vesicae Treated by Implanting Ureters into the Bowel.

PMID- 19990937
TI  - Chondro-osteo-dystrophy (Brailsford-Morquio Type).

PMID- 19990938
TI  - Resection of Lower OEsophagus and Cardia.

PMID- 19990940
TI  - Nodular Rheumatism.

PMID- 19990939
TI  - Myositis Ossificans Progressiva.

PMID- 19990941
TI  - Nine Cases of Partial Amputation of the Breast for Early Carcinoma.

PMID- 19990942
TI  - Decortication of the Lung for Tuberculous Pleurisy.

PMID- 19990943
TI  - Raynaud's Phenomenon in Workmen using Vibrating Instruments: (Section of
      Neurology).

PMID- 19990944
TI  - Medicine and Science: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19990946
TI  - Industrial Influences on the Development of State Medicine: (Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19990945
TI  - Paratuberculosis of Cattle and Sheep: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990947
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19990948
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19990949
TI  - Leukaemic Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19990950
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica.

PMID- 19990951
TI  - Poikilo-dermato-myositis.

PMID- 19990952
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19990954
TI  - Haemolymphangeioma.

PMID- 19990953
TI  - A Subcutaneous Glomus Tumour (Masson) in the Little Finger. Clinical Account.

PMID- 19990955
TI  - Lichen Planus associated with Atrophy of Nail Matrix and Hair Follicles on Scalp.

PMID- 19990956
TI  - Keratosis Punctata.

PMID- 19990957
TI  - Pseudo-Xanthoma Elasticum.

PMID- 19990958
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19990959
TI  - Incomplete Fracture of Femur.

PMID- 19990960
TI  - Obscure Lesion in the Tibia.

PMID- 19990961
TI  - An Early Case of Dyschondroplasia.

PMID- 19990962
TI  - The Effect of Removal of the Patella for Simple Transverse Fractures on the
      Function of the Knee-joint: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19990963
TI  - Brockman's Operation for Talipes Varus resulting from Defective Tibial Growth.

PMID- 19990964
TI  - Degeneration of the Carpus produced by the Use of a Compressed-air Drill.

PMID- 19990965
TI  - Necrosis of the Head of the Femur following Fracture of the Neck in a Child.

PMID- 19990967
TI  - The Problem of Early Laryngeal Tuberculosis: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19990966
TI  - Short-Wave Therapy: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19990968
TI  - Comparative Medicine and its Relation to the Study of Tropical Medicine: (Section
      of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990969
TI  - An Example of the Value of Morphology in Medico-biological Investigation:
      (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19990970
TI  - Research on Gold Casting: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19990971
TI  - The Present Position of Hormones in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19990972
TI  - Retinal Haemorrhages in the Newborn: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990973
TI  - Dysostosis Cranio-Facialis: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990974
TI  - A Clinical Study of Fifty-four Cases of Occlusion of the Central Artery of the
      Retina and its Branches: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19990975
TI  - The Debatable Land in the Management of Malignant Disease : (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19990976
TI  - Modern Views on Concussion of the Labyrinth: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19990977
TI  - The Ideal Structure of an Operating Theatre from the Point of View of an
      Anaesthetist: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19990978
TI  - Fracastor as an Epidemiologist: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19990979
TI  - The Medical Management of Chronic Ulcerative Colitis: (Section of Surgery: Sub
      Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19990981
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19990980
TI  - Case of Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19990982
TI  - Parapsoriasis treated with Thorium X.

PMID- 19990984
TI  - Poikilodermia with Parapsoriatic Spots Treated with Thorium X.

PMID- 19990983
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19990985
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19990987
TI  - Superficial Ulcerating Tuberculosis of the Skin.

PMID- 19990986
TI  - Erythema Multiforme Type of Pemphigus.

PMID- 19990988
TI  - Symmetrical Follicular Naevus.

PMID- 19990989
TI  - Histological Grading of Rectal Cancer: (Section of Pathology).

PMID- 19990990
TI  - Transmissible Splenomegaly of Fowls or Reticulo-endothelial Leucosis
      ("Erythroleucosis"): (Section of Pathology).

PMID- 19990992
TI  - Megalencephaly.

PMID- 19990991
TI  - Basal Tumour.

PMID- 19990993
TI  - Fifth-Nerve Neuritis following Trauma.

PMID- 19990994
TI  - Tonic Spasm of Arm. ? Effect of Encephalitis.

PMID- 19990995
TI  - Retrobulbar Neuritis. ? Devic's Disease.

PMID- 19990996
TI  - Serous Meningitis, Secondary to Tonsillitis.

PMID- 19990997
TI  - Tumour of the Left Cerebellar Lobe (compare with previous Case).

PMID- 19990998
TI  - Medulloblastoma of the Fourth Ventricle with Repeated Spinal Recurrences.

PMID- 19991000
TI  - Three Cases illustrating Surgical Treatment of Bronchiectasis in Childhood.

PMID- 19990999
TI  - Tic-like Spasmodic Torticollis, with Occasional Upturning of the Eyes.

PMID- 19991001
TI  - Febrile Anaemia of Obscure Origin.

PMID- 19991002
TI  - Malrotation of the Intestines in a Child Aged 9 Months; Cured by Operation.

PMID- 19991003
TI  - Biliary Cirrhosis with Cyanosis and Finger-Clubbing.

PMID- 19991004
TI  - Hepato-splenomegaly: ? Idiopathic Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19991005
TI  - Streptococcal Meningitis, followed by Recovery.

PMID- 19991006
TI  - Sclerema Neonatorum: Localized Type.

PMID- 19991007
TI  - Sinography: A Method of Radiography in the Diagnosis of Sinus Thrombosis:
      (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991008
TI  - Three Cases of Mastoid Asymmetry.

PMID- 19991009
TI  - Chronic Labyrinthitis; Fracture of Mastoid Process involving Facial Canal.

PMID- 19991010
TI  - Internal Derangement of the Knee in Children and Adolescents: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991011
TI  - Arthrodesis in Young Children: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991012
TI  - Bone Shortening for Inequality of Length in the Lower Limbs: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991013
TI  - Non-malignant Tumours of the Kidney necessitating Nephrectomy: (Section of
      Urology).

PMID- 19991014
TI  - Diffuse Papillomatosis: Removal of Kidney, Ureter, and Part of Bladder. Cure.

PMID- 19991015
TI  - Two Specimens of Renal Growth.

PMID- 19991016
TI  - Primary Papillomata of Ureter, Secondary Hydronephrosis and Transplant Deposits
      in Bladder. Removal of Kidney and Ureter. Recovery.

PMID- 19991017
TI  - Three Renal Tumours successfully removed from Female Children aged 3 Months,
      4(1/4) Years, and 14 Years respectively.

PMID- 19991018
TI  - Papillomata of both Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder due to Bilharzial Infection.

PMID- 19991019
TI  - III.-Multiple Papillomata filling Pelvis of Kidney.

PMID- 19991020
TI  - I.-Large Adenoma of Kidney with Haemorrhage into Growth.

PMID- 19991021
TI  - II.-Carcinoma of Ureter with Hydronephrosis and Secondary Growths in Bladder.

PMID- 19991022
TI  - Papilloma and Intussusception of the Ureter.

PMID- 19991023
TI  - Grawitz Tumour of Unusually Low Malignancy.

PMID- 19991024
TI  - Five Cases of Adeno-carcinomata of the Kidney.

PMID- 19991025
TI  - Carcinoma of the Left Ureter.

PMID- 19991026
TI  - Specimen of Secondary Carcinoma of Ureters.

PMID- 19991027
TI  - Four Specimens of Tumour of the Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19991028
TI  - Multiple Diseases in One Kidney.

PMID- 19991029
TI  - Air Raid Precautions, with Special Reference to their Medical Aspects: (United
      Services Section).

PMID- 19991030
TI  - Bronchospirometry and its Clinical Application, with a Short Account of Bronchial
      Catheterization: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991031
TI  - Bronchoscopotherapy in Broncho-pulmonary Suppuration: its Mechanism and Results:
      (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991033
TI  - Lichen Planus involving the Mouth.

PMID- 19991032
TI  - Simplified OEsophagoscopy: OEsophagoscopy without Anaesthesia, without Head-rest,
      and without Assistance: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991035
TI  - Urinary Antiseptics (including Sodium and Ammonium Mandelate): (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology with Section of Urology), Joint Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19991034
TI  - Perforation of Aorta by swallowed Foreign Body: Two specimens.

PMID- 19991036
TI  - The Specific Treatment of Staphylococcal Infections: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19991038
TI  - Phlebectasia.

PMID- 19991037
TI  - Labio-buccal Melanosis.

PMID- 19991039
TI  - Resolving Kerion.

PMID- 19991041
TI  - Cutaneous Xanthomatosis, associated with Established Diabetes Mellitus.

PMID- 19991040
TI  - Nodular Non-diabetic Cutaneous Xanthomatosis with Hypercholesterolaemia and
      Atypical Histological Features.

PMID- 19991043
TI  - Idiopathic Trichoclasia.

PMID- 19991042
TI  - Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19991044
TI  - Papulo-necrotic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19991045
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Uncomplicated Inguinal Hernia: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991046
TI  - The AEtiology and Diagnosis of Lymphadenoma: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991047
TI  - The Relative Values of the Upper- and Lower-Segment Caesarean Operations:
      (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991048
TI  - Combined Intra-uterine and Extra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19991049
TI  - Intra- and Extra-uterine Pregnancy. Excision of Extra-uterine Pregnancy in the
      Fourth Month. together with the Rudimentary Horn of the Uterus, followed by Full
      term Delivery of the Intra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19991050
TI  - Intramural Abscess of Uterus following Criminal Abortion.

PMID- 19991051
TI  - Adenomyoma Malignum.

PMID- 19991052
TI  - Foetus Amorphus (Anideus).

PMID- 19991054
TI  - Tabes Dorsalis with Bilateral Trigeminal Neuralgia.

PMID- 19991053
TI  - An Operation for the Correction of Madelung's Deformity and Similar Conditions:
      (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991055
TI  - Spina Bifida Occulta with Nervous Symptoms: Relieved by Operation.

PMID- 19991056
TI  - Secondary Syringomyelia. ? Vertebral Aneurysm.

PMID- 19991057
TI  - Hydrocephalus with Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19991058
TI  - Acute Syphilitic Meningitis with Papilloedema.

PMID- 19991059
TI  - Cysticercosis.

PMID- 19991060
TI  - The Electro-encephalogram in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Pathology.

PMID- 19991061
TI  - The Electro-encephalogram in Cases of Cerebral Tumour: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19991062
TI  - Some Observations on the Function of the Labyrinth: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991064
TI  - A Follow-up Study of General Paralysis with Special Reference to Malarial
      Therapy: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991063
TI  - The Peripheral Circulation in Chronic Rheumatism: (Section of Physical Medicine).
AB  - A series of cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthritis, gout and fibrositis
      have been investigated by means of the sedimentation rate, Arneth count, saline
      absorption test, glucose tolerance test, and direct observation of the
      capillaries, in order to correlate any abnormality of the peripheral circulation
      with the type and activity of the disease.The sedimentation rate test, in which a
      wide bore tube was used, was of great value as an estimation of activity in the
      rheumatoid arthritic cases, but a small group showed a normal reading. In the
      gouty subjects it was usually low but was liable to vary greatly within a short
      time. In the osteo-arthritic and fibrositic groups it was normal.The Arneth count
      did not parallel the sedimentation rate; it was usually normal in the gouty
      subjects but showed abnormalities in the rheumatoid arthritics and sometimes in
      the osteo-arthritics (a shift usually to the left, but sometimes to the
      right).The saline absorption test was valueless except in cases of gross
      circulatory disturbance.The glucose tolerance test, although producing some
      abnormal curves, in both the osteo-arthritic and the rheumatoid arthritic groups
      gave normal curves, taking an average of a large number of cases.Observation of
      the capillaries-notes being taken of their number, shape, &c., with a drawing
      eyepiece and photographs-showed a wide variation in normal individuals. This was
      so remarkable that the only clear-cut findings were a slight increase in
      tortuosity in the osteo-arthritic group-probably due to the increase in the
      average age of this group-and an increase in the visibility of the full-length of
      the capillary loop and of the basal meshwork in the rheumatoid arthritics,
      probably due to trophic thinning of the epidermis.

PMID- 19991065
TI  - Mechanical Tabulation of Hospital Records: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991066
TI  - Therapeutic Methods of Arresting Haemorrhage: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology and Section of Medicine), Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19991067
TI  - Arabian Gynaecological, Obstetrical, and Genito-Urinary Practice illustrated from
      Albucasis: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991068
TI  - An Early Mention of Sleeping Sickness in Arabic Literature: (Section of the
      History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991069
TI  - Adenoma of the Bronchus : (Section of Pathology).

PMID- 19991070
TI  - Progressive Post-operative Gangrene of the Skin: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991071
TI  - Peripheral Embolectomy: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991072
TI  - Terminal Ileitis: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991074
TI  - Hemispherical Formations in Bowman's Membrane.

PMID- 19991073
TI  - The Course and Management of Congenital Heart Disease: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991075
TI  - Melanoma (? Malignant) of the Iris.

PMID- 19991076
TI  - Two Cases of "Post-influenzal Blindness".

PMID- 19991077
TI  - Retinitis Pigmentosa in a Young Airman.

PMID- 19991079
TI  - Influenzal Meningitis with Complete Recovery.

PMID- 19991078
TI  - Tuberculous or Metastatic Choroiditis.

PMID- 19991080
TI  - Chronic Sinusitis with Early Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19991082
TI  - Chronic Arthritis (for diagnosis).

PMID- 19991081
TI  - Cirsoid Aneurism involving Tongue and Floor of Mouth.

PMID- 19991083
TI  - Splenomegaly with Lipaemia.

PMID- 19991085
TI  - Purpuric Conditions in Man and Animals: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991084
TI  - Epi-tuberculosis showing also Bone Lesions.

PMID- 19991087
TI  - Specimen: Black Hairy Tongue.

PMID- 19991086
TI  - Sclerodermia (or ? Scleropanniculomyodermia).

PMID- 19991088
TI  - Nodules. ?Tuberculous.

PMID- 19991089
TI  - Two Cases of Tuberculide.

PMID- 19991090
TI  - Lichen Planus Atrophicus.

PMID- 19991091
TI  - Lichen Planus Atrophicus with Vesicular Onset.

PMID- 19991092
TI  - A Case Clinically Resembling Morphoea with a Tuberculous Background and
      Indeterminate Histology, suggestive of Necrobiosis Lipoidica.

PMID- 19991093
TI  - Keratoderma Climactericum (Haxthausen) treated with OEstrone.

PMID- 19991094
TI  - The Epidemiology of Weil's Disease: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).
AB  - Adolf Weil defined the disease as a clinical entity in 1886, and Leptospira
      ictero-haemorrhagiae was found to be the causative organism in 1915 by Inada et
      al. in Japan, and confirmed by Hubener and Reiter in Germany. The infection has
      been found in most countries, and recently there has been a great increase in the
      number of instances reported.In most parts of the world rats and other small
      rodents harbour the organism and excrete it in the urine. This is almost always
      the direct or indirect source of infection of man, but natural infection of dogs
      and foxes takes place, and is at least a potential danger to human beings.
      Infection is usually related to occupation in coal-mines, field work of all
      sorts, sewers, fish-cleaning, and to bathing in fresh water.The organism quickly
      dies in an acid medium, in strong sunlight and in salt water. These facts accord
      with the presence of the disease in certain situations.The route of infection of
      man is usually by contact of the abraded or sodden skin with infected mud or
      water, but it may be by inhalation of water and by bites of rats, dogs, and
      ferrets.Men are much more exposed to infection than women, but in fish-cleaners
      the incidence is equal in the sexes. Children are sometimes infected by bathing
      and in houses.The incubation time may be four to nineteen days, and is usually
      seven to thirteen days.By serological methods many unjaundiced and subclinical
      infections can be detected among people who are often at risk, and these correct
      the rather high fatality rates which are derived from jaundiced cases only.During
      the last three and a half years 142 authenticated instances of the disease in an
      obvious clinical form have been reported in the British Isles. Twenty-one
      occupations or circumstances were involved, and the case fatality rate was 15 per
      cent.

PMID- 19991095
TI  - Osteo-arthritis of the Right Hip, treated with an Extra-articular Bone Graft.
      Osteo-arthritis of the Right Knee, treated with Auto-fat Injection.

PMID- 19991096
TI  - Three Cases of Aortic Aneurysm.

PMID- 19991097
TI  - Diaphragmatic Hernia of Traumatic Origin in a Child.

PMID- 19991098
TI  - Four Typical Cases after Pneumonectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19991099
TI  - Angina Pectoris treated by Cardio-omentopexy.

PMID- 19991101
TI  - Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis (Pick's Syndrome): Report and Specimen.

PMID- 19991100
TI  - Two Cases of Pick's Syndrome.

PMID- 19991102
TI  - Endothelioma of Tibia (with Pathological Fracture).

PMID- 19991103
TI  - Polyserositis.

PMID- 19991104
TI  - Internal Hydrocephalus Following Cerebral Thrombosis, in an Infant.

PMID- 19991105
TI  - Myocardial Ischaemia treated by Graft of Skeletal Muscle to the Heart.

PMID- 19991106
TI  - The Management of Advanced Malignancies: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991107
TI  - The Treatment of Distant Malignant Metastases: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991108
TI  - Malignant Tumours of Bone: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991109
TI  - Protamine Insulinate: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991110
TI  - The Action of Pituitary Extracts on Gastric Secretion: (Section of Therapeutics
      and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991111
TI  - Recent Observations on the Pathology of Hydronephrosis: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991112
TI  - The Indications for the Use of Radio-active Thermal Waters in Great Britain:
      (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19991113
TI  - The Epidemiology of Animal and Human Diseases: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991114
TI  - The Treatment of Pleural Effusions: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991115
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Skull associated with a Pituitary Neoplasm.

PMID- 19991117
TI  - Colloid Cyst of Third Ventricle.

PMID- 19991116
TI  - Amentia, Familial Cerebellar Diplegia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19991118
TI  - Two Cases of Left Frontal Lobectomy.

PMID- 19991120
TI  - Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysm.

PMID- 19991119
TI  - Occipital Lobectomy.

PMID- 19991122
TI  - Mild Eunuchoid Giantism.

PMID- 19991121
TI  - Bilateral Primary Optic Atrophy from Glioma of the Nerves.

PMID- 19991123
TI  - Wilson's Disease with Kayser-Fleischer Ring.

PMID- 19991125
TI  - Injuries of Peripheral Nerves: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991124
TI  - The Scientist's Playground: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991127
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Lung.

PMID- 19991126
TI  - Megaduodenum (Specimen).

PMID- 19991128
TI  - Influenzal Meningitis with Complete Recovery.

PMID- 19991129
TI  - Cirrhosis with Jaundice: Cholecystgastrostomy.

PMID- 19991130
TI  - Undulant Fever.

PMID- 19991131
TI  - Exomphalos associated with Volvulus Neonatorum: Result six and a half years after
      Operation.

PMID- 19991132
TI  - Cleido-cranial Dysostosis.

PMID- 19991133
TI  - Complete Transposition of Viscera.

PMID- 19991134
TI  - Specimen from a Case of Staphylococcal Pneumonia.

PMID- 19991135
TI  - The Lesions Produced in the Organs of the Rabbit by Single and Repeated
      Intravenous Injections of BCG: A Preliminary Note: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991137
TI  - Observations on Heredity in Neurosis: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991136
TI  - Vinyl Ether for Dental Anaesthesia: (Section of Odontology).
AB  - Properties: Vinyl ether, CH(2):CH(2):O:CH(2):CH(2), a volatile liquid.
      Lipoidsoluble but highly inflammable.Toxicity.-Has little effect on liver
      function; overdoses produce respiratory paralysis, but not cardiac
      paralysis.Indications.-Replaces ethyl chloride for short operations, and can be
      added to gas and oxygen instead of ether or chloroform. Is a safe and portable
      anaesthetic for the general practitioner.Administration.-Open method convenient,
      but not very satisfactory, a closed method produces better anaesthesia. Special
      inhaler described and illustrated.Vinyl ether is obtainable in ampoules of 3
      c.c., a sufficient quantity for the average case.Induction is rapid; signs of
      anaesthesia described. Patient's colour remains excellent.Apparatus required when
      vinyl ether is to be added to gas-and-oxygen.

PMID- 19991138
TI  - Labyrinthine Reactions and their Relation to the Clinical Tests: (Section of
      Otology).
AB  - The rapid tilt test has shown that the vertical semicircular canals are in close
      connexion with the whole postural body musculature. Nystagmus reactions are only
      a small part of semicircular canal sphere of control.Further knowledge of the
      reaction-pattern of the body musculature resulting from the stimulation of each
      semicircular canal will help in diagnosing a lesion, not only of the individual
      semicircular canals, but also-even more important-of its intracranial connexions.
      The few reaction patterns already known, but not recognized as such, namely post
      pointing, falling, and head turning, are true compensatory reactions, more easily
      understood if so considered and grouped with the protective reactions to the tilt
      tests.Recognition of the two modes of utricular action is essential to a correct
      analysis of tilt test reactions. The slow tilt described by Grahe and others, is
      an excellent test for "first mode" utricular action, but not for "second mode"
      action or for vertical semicircular canals.The quick tilt is primarily a test of
      vertical semicircular canal action, but normally the reaction is complicated by
      reactions from "second mode" utricular stimulation. If this fact is not taken
      into account the analysis of a reaction to a quick tilt may be misleading. When
      performing a quick tilt test, in addition to watching for the absence of the
      protective reaction (due to loss of one or both labyrinths), the investigator
      should try to note whether there is a tendency for the patient to be more easily
      thrown in the direction of the tilt-owing to a lesion of the vertical canals, the
      utricles being intact ("second mode" utricular action)-or whether there is a
      tendency for the patient to over-compensate (owing to a lesion of the utricles,
      the vertical canals being intact).If, in addition to the usual equilibrial tests,
      the quick tilt test is used in this way and a careful analysis is made of the
      reactions of patients with labyrinthine or intracranial lesions, diagnosis of
      lesions of individual labyrinthine end-organs or of their intracranial connexions
      may become a routine procedure in the clinic just as it is now possible in the
      laboratory.

PMID- 19991139
TI  - Massive Involvement of Skull in Temporal and Occipital Regions by Carcinoma
      derived from a Rodent Ulcer.

PMID- 19991140
TI  - Unilateral choanal Atresia in a Woman, aged 23.

PMID- 19991141
TI  - The Effect of Deep X-ray Therapy in a Case of Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx and
      Cervical Glands: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991143
TI  - The Choice and Technique of Anaesthetics for Nose and Throat Operations: (Section
      of Laryngology and Section of Anaesthetics), Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19991142
TI  - Basal-celled Carcinoma of the Palate.

PMID- 19991144
TI  - The Neurological Sequelae of Spinal Anaesthesia: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19991145
TI  - Diffuse Sclerosis.

PMID- 19991146
TI  - Solitary Plasma-celled Myeloma of the Vertebral Body, causing Paraplegia.

PMID- 19991147
TI  - Felty's Syndrome (Chauffard-Still Syndrome).

PMID- 19991148
TI  - The Nonne-Milroy-Meige OEdema, of late onset, in Sisters.

PMID- 19991149
TI  - Seven Cases of Carcinoma showing Result of Treatment.

PMID- 19991151
TI  - Impressions of Anaesthesia in U.S.A. and Canada: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19991150
TI  - Two Cases of Tuberculosis treated with Tuberculin.

PMID- 19991153
TI  - Haemorrhage from Vascular Growth of Orbit.

PMID- 19991152
TI  - Transitory Tremulous Lens.

PMID- 19991154
TI  - Retinal Changes in a Case of Purpura.

PMID- 19991155
TI  - Congruous Field Defects due to Congenital Absence of Nerve-fibres.

PMID- 19991156
TI  - Choroidal Growth.

PMID- 19991157
TI  - Uveo-parotitis.

PMID- 19991158
TI  - Juxtapapillary Choroiditis (Jensen).

PMID- 19991159
TI  - Sarcoma of the Choroid. ? Retinitis Exudativa Externa.

PMID- 19991160
TI  - Delayed Corneal Ulceration following Mustard Gas Burns.

PMID- 19991161
TI  - Tubercle on the Free Border of the Iris.

PMID- 19991162
TI  - Milk as a Factor in the Cause of Disease: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991164
TI  - Changes in the Pilosebaceous Follicles and Sebaceous Secretion following Herpes
      Zoster.

PMID- 19991163
TI  - Medicine and Science in the Writings of Smollett: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991166
TI  - Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum.

PMID- 19991165
TI  - Sebocystomatosis (Gunther).

PMID- 19991167
TI  - Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicans (Hallopeau).

PMID- 19991169
TI  - Rhythmical Neutropenia with Recurrent Buccal Ulceration.

PMID- 19991168
TI  - Recurrent Ulceration of Mouth.

PMID- 19991170
TI  - Scleroderma.

PMID- 19991171
TI  - Scleredema Adultorum (Buschke).

PMID- 19991172
TI  - Carcinoma Erysipelatodes.

PMID- 19991173
TI  - Atrophic Areas on Insteps and Soles with ? Telangiectases: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991174
TI  - Three Cases Exhibiting the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19991175
TI  - The Prevention and Treatment of Ununited Fractures: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991176
TI  - Respiration in High Flying: (United Services Section).
AB  - Atmospheric pressure falls, as height increases, to about one-ninth of its sea
      level value at 50,000 feet. The intake of oxygen into the blood depends on the
      partial pressure of oxygen in the inspired air, which is about one-fifth of the
      atmospheric pressure. But since the gaseous content of the lungs is saturated
      with water vapour at body temperature, 47 mm. Hg. of the atmospheric pressure in
      the lungs is due to water vapour and is therefore not available for oxygen or
      other gases, while the alveolar air contains also an almost constant pressure of
      40 mm. CO(2).Mental and physical output demand an adequate partial pressure of
      O(2); they begin to be limited as soon as this falls, and at heights above 18,000
      feet are seriously reduced. Consequently in order to fly higher than about 15,000
      feet it is necessary to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the inspired
      air. Up to about 44,000 feet this can be done by merely raising the percentage of
      oxygen, usually by allowing a regulated stream of oxygen to enter a small naso
      buccal mask, but preferably by a closed system in which the negative pressure of
      inspiration opens a valve and allows oxygen to enter a bag from which it is
      inspired.Beyond 44,000 feet as a limit (and a lesser height for safety) it is
      necessary to create a local atmospheric pressure around the pilot higher than
      that of the surrounding air, by enclosing him in an airtight sit or cabin in
      which a relatively increased pressure with a maximum value of about 2(1/2) lb.
      per square inch is maintained, while he breathes pure oxygen. This device was
      used in the recent British world record high flight, when a height of 50,000 feet
      was attained. The pressure-suit used by the pilot on this occasion and the
      decompression chamber recently built at Farnborough are described in detail.

PMID- 19991177
TI  - The Effects of Asphyxiating Gases on the Respiratory System: (Section of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991178
TI  - Nutrition and its Effects on Infectious Disease: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991179
TI  - Molluscum Sebaceum.

PMID- 19991180
TI  - Granulosis Rubra Nasi.

PMID- 19991181
TI  - Tuberculoid Leprosy.

PMID- 19991182
TI  - Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19991183
TI  - Chloasma Virginum Periorale.

PMID- 19991184
TI  - Benign Lymphogranulomatosis with Ocular Symptoms.

PMID- 19991185
TI  - Addison's Disease.

PMID- 19991187
TI  - Phenolphthalein Eruption.

PMID- 19991186
TI  - Diphtheroid Ulceration.

PMID- 19991188
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19991189
TI  - Lichen Planus: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991190
TI  - Tuberose Sclerosis with Rhabdomyomata in the Heart: Pathological Specimens.

PMID- 19991192
TI  - Hepatomegaly. ? Cause.

PMID- 19991191
TI  - Chronic Sinus of Face.

PMID- 19991193
TI  - Gargoylism (Chondro-osteo-dystrophy).

PMID- 19991195
TI  - Werdnig-Hoffmann Paralysis in the Elder of Twins.

PMID- 19991194
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19991196
TI  - Acholuric Familial Jaundice in the Third (? Fourth) Generation of Manifestation
      of the Disease.

PMID- 19991197
TI  - Pick's Syndrome (Pericardial).

PMID- 19991198
TI  - Coeliac Rickets.

PMID- 19991199
TI  - Renal Pelvic Epithelioma with Massive Calculi and No Infection.

PMID- 19991200
TI  - Specimens from Three Cases of Ureterocele.

PMID- 19991202
TI  - Mental Disorder Following Head Injury: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991201
TI  - Large Ureteric Calculus.

PMID- 19991203
TI  - Localized Symmetrical Cortical Sclerosis in an Infant.

PMID- 19991205
TI  - Polioencephalitis Haemorrhagica Superior.

PMID- 19991204
TI  - Tumour of the Optic Nerve, Chiasma, and Thalamus.

PMID- 19991206
TI  - Jakob's Syndrome (Senile Dementia with Parkinsonism).

PMID- 19991207
TI  - Spontaneous Haematomyelia: a Report of Two Cases, one in Association with an
      Intramedullary Angioma, and the other in Association with Syphilis.

PMID- 19991208
TI  - A Clinical Note on Fungus Infection of the Skin of the Feet (Abbreviated):
      (United Services Section).

PMID- 19991209
TI  - Active Immunization against Diphtheria by the Combined Subcutaneous and
      Intranasal Method: (Section of Epidemiology and Stare Medicine).

PMID- 19991210
TI  - Local and Remote Sequelae of Infection in the Parodontal Sulcus: (Section of
      Odontology).
AB  - (1) It is shown in this paper that the infecting organisms in the parodontal
      sulcus are confined to the surface, but may be forced into the blood and lymph
      stream by traumatic interference.2. Local and general disturbances may therefore
      arise both as a result of the absorption of soluble toxic matter from the pocket
      into the tissues and also as a result of this traumatic introduction of organisms
      into the blood-stream.3. The effect of toxic absorption on the local tissues is
      destruction of the attachment of the tooth-pyorrhoea.4. The remote effects of
      toxic absorption may be a similar destruction of the connective tissue generally
      arthritis and fibrositis. The liver and kidney may suffer since they excrete the
      toxic matter, and other susceptible tissues may also be involved.5. Traumatic
      bacteraemia may produce local bone necrosis or "dry" socket. Acute suppurative
      lymphangitis produces the "pyorrhoetic abscess".6. The remote effect of
      bacteraemia may be to produce osteomyelitis (e.g. of the tibia) or to convert a
      simple endocarditis into the bacterial type.7. The mechanism of bone absorption
      and deposition in response to irritation is discussed.8. Methods of eliminating
      parodontal infection are referred to and the importance of complete elimination
      is stressed. It is shown to be not incompatible with the conservation of the
      teeth.

PMID- 19991211
TI  - The Toxicity of Sterile Filtrate from Parodontal Pockets: (Section of
      Odontology).
AB  - The local effect of the absorption of toxic material from pyorrhoea pockets on
      the hard and soft tissues around the teeth is well known. In this experiment an
      attempt was made to study the toxic effect on remote structures by injecting the
      sterile filtrate fresh from pyorrhoea pockets into various animals.The filtrate
      was obtained from patients with chronic pyorrhoea by removing the contents from
      parodontal pockets and passing them through a Seitz filter. The sterile filtrate
      obtained was then injected into cats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and rats, in varying
      amounts.In the group of four cats, all showed fatty degeneration of the liver and
      two showed extreme fatty degeneration of the kidney tubules.Five guinea-pigs
      receiving one injection of (1/2) c.c. of filtrate showed no pathological change
      in the liver or kidney. One out of three guinea-pigs receiving two injections of
      filtrate showed fatty degeneration of the liver, while five out of six pigs
      receiving one injection of 1 c.c.,-i.e. double the quantity-showed definite fatty
      degeneration of the liver. One out of two rabbits showed similar changes and of
      six rats injected, all died in from five to seven days.The experiment suggests
      that substances are elaborated in parodontal pockets which are highly toxic and
      tend to injure the liver and kidney of animals in the process of their
      elimination. Such toxic material proved fatal in fifteen of the twenty-five
      animals injected.

PMID- 19991212
TI  - The Value of Pre- and Post-operative Irradiation in Malignant Disease: (Section
      of Surgery and Section of Radiology), Joint Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19991213
TI  - Notes on Some Landmarks in Tropical Medicine: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991214
TI  - Tumour of the Spinal Cord in a Child aged 2(1/2) years: Specimens.

PMID- 19991215
TI  - Craniofacial Dysostosis (Crouzon's Syndrome).

PMID- 19991216
TI  - Hypochromic Anaemia, Congenital Heart Disease, and Peculiar Facies.

PMID- 19991218
TI  - Congenital Recto-sigmoid Stricture.

PMID- 19991217
TI  - Specimen of Congenital Genito-urinary Abnormalities with Suprarenal Enlargement.

PMID- 19991219
TI  - Unusual Deformity of the Genitalia.

PMID- 19991220
TI  - Two Cases of Pyloric Stenosis treated with Eumydrine.

PMID- 19991221
TI  - Mediastinal Ganglio-Neuroblastoma.

PMID- 19991222
TI  - Three Cases of Eunuchoidism: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991224
TI  - Chronic Miliary Tuberculosis: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991223
TI  - The Differential Diagnosis of Mediastinal Tumours: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991225
TI  - The Incidence and Treatment of Diseases of the Colon : (Section of Surgery: Sun
      Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19991226
TI  - Meckel's Diverticulum causing Severe Recurrent Haemorrhage from the Bowel.

PMID- 19991227
TI  - Angioma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19991228
TI  - The Harris Operation and its Modifications: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991230
TI  - Three Cases of Osteomyelitis: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991229
TI  - The Treatment of the Bladder in Spinal Injuries in War: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991231
TI  - Two Cases of Osteomyelitis of Mandible.

PMID- 19991232
TI  - I.-Multilocular Cyst.

PMID- 19991233
TI  - II.-Squamous-celled Carcinoma.

PMID- 19991235
TI  - V.-Fibrous Epulis between 2 & 1.

PMID- 19991234
TI  - III.-Extensive Osteomyelitis of the Mandible.

PMID- 19991236
TI  - IV.-Papilloma of the Palate.

PMID- 19991237
TI  - VI.-Dilated Composite Odontome.

PMID- 19991238
TI  - VII.-Dental Cyst (Right Mandible).

PMID- 19991239
TI  - VIII.-Large Dental Cyst arising in the Left Maxilla and Obstructing the Nose.

PMID- 19991240
TI  - Fibrous Hypertrophy of Maxilla.

PMID- 19991241
TI  - Cleft Palate.

PMID- 19991242
TI  - Fractures of Tibial Tuberosities.

PMID- 19991243
TI  - Fractured Os Calcis.

PMID- 19991244
TI  - Reconstruction of Thumb.

PMID- 19991245
TI  - Intractable Sciatica due to Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc: Treated by
      Laminectomy.

PMID- 19991246
TI  - Arthrogram to show Extent of Synovial Cavity After Synovectomy.

PMID- 19991247
TI  - Two Cases of Ocular Torticollis.

PMID- 19991248
TI  - Experimental Staining of the Retina in Life (Preliminary communication): (Section
      of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991249
TI  - The Epithelial Growths of the Conjunctiva and Cornea: (Section of Ophthamology).

PMID- 19991250
TI  - A New Type of Nitrous-oxide Machine for Self-induction of Analgesia during
      Labour: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991252
TI  - An Investigation into the Ocular Changes in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy:
      (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991251
TI  - Modified Mayo Operation for Procidentia: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991253
TI  - Otitis Media in Early Childhood (under 5 years): (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991255
TI  - Benign Lymphogranuloma.

PMID- 19991254
TI  - Imperfect Migration of the Testicle: The Surgical Problem: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991256
TI  - Partial Resolution of Leukoplakia Vulvae under OEstrin Therapy.

PMID- 19991257
TI  - Superficial Cicatrizing Rodent Ulcer of the Left Upper Eyelid.

PMID- 19991258
TI  - Poikilodermia with Acrosclerosis and Muscular Wasting.

PMID- 19991260
TI  - Chronic Granulomata.

PMID- 19991259
TI  - Fox-Fordyce Disease.

PMID- 19991263
TI  - Acne Conglobata.

PMID- 19991262
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris with Cutaneous Horns.

PMID- 19991261
TI  - Dermatomyositis: ? Artefact.

PMID- 19991264
TI  - Nail Dystrophy (Onychomadesis).

PMID- 19991265
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of the Cervix complicating Procidentia Uteri: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991266
TI  - Procidentia Recti Present for Twenty-three Years and Cured by Operation: (Section
      of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991268
TI  - The Prolapse Syndrome: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991267
TI  - Results of Radium Treatment in (1) Carcinoma of the Uterus; (2) Uterine
      Haemorrhage: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991269
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Innervation of the Periodontal Membrane: (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19991270
TI  - Some of the Less Common Lesions and Special Methods of Investigation of the
      Alimentary Tract and the Influence of Adjacent Organs: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991271
TI  - Laryngectomy for Carcinoma of Larynx, with Development of Secondary Gland nearly
      Five Years after Original Operation.

PMID- 19991272
TI  - Carcinoma of Tongue, followed by Cystic Adenoma of Thyroid.

PMID- 19991274
TI  - The Evidence of Comparative Anatomy on the Structure of the Human Larynx:
      (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991273
TI  - Multiple Metastasizing Melanomata.

PMID- 19991275
TI  - Orbital Cellulitis due to Sinus Infection, and its Treatment: (Section of
      Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991277
TI  - The Relation of the Ear, Nose, and Throat to the Diseases of Children: (Section
      of Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991276
TI  - The Relation of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection to Early Bronchiectasis in
      Children: (Section of Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991278
TI  - The Spa Treatment of Pelvic Disorders: (Section of Physical Medicine with Section
      of Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Joint Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19991279
TI  - Observations on Genito-urinary Tuberculosis: (Section of Urology).
AB  - Early and reliable diagnosis is obtained by cultural methods.Pyelographic
      evidence of renal destruction is necessary as a rule to supplement the positive
      laboratory findings before resorting to nephrectomy.Bilateral renal tuberculosis
      should not be diagnosed on the findings of cystoscopy alone.Nephro-ureterectomy
      is the ideal operation. It prevents the prolongation of the bladder symptoms and
      the breaking-down of the operation wound and the risk of another operation for
      the removal of the ureter, not forgetting the danger of infection of the other
      kidney.Bad results are probably due, in the case of poor patients, to economic
      and sociological factors which interfere with restoration to health after
      operation.Genito-urinary tuberculosis is to be regarded not as a localized
      disorder but as a manifestation of a generalized disease, a fact which
      necessitates a guarded prognosis and prolonged after-treatment.

PMID- 19991280
TI  - Hyperthyroidism and the Thyrotropic Hormone of the Hypophysis: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991281
TI  - A Few Remarks on Snake Venom, Its Source, Method of Collection and Uses: (Section
      of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991282
TI  - Cutaneous Streptothricosis: A Case in Great Britain: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991283
TI  - Cutaneous Streptothricosis: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991285
TI  - Carcinoma of the Vagina Complicating a Complete Procidentia: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991284
TI  - The Initiation of Respiration in Asphyxia Neonatorum. A Clinical and Experimental
      Study Incorporating Foetal Blood Analyses and a Consideration of Important
      Methods of Resuscitation: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991286
TI  - Some Problems of Aural Medicine: (Sections of Otology and Laryngology).

PMID- 19991287
TI  - Hearing and Speech in Deaf Children: (Sections of Otology and Laryngology).

PMID- 19991288
TI  - Physical Aspects of Tinnitus: (Sections of Otology and Laryngology).

PMID- 19991289
TI  - The Present Position of the Surgical Treatment of Otosclerosis: (Sections of
      Otology and Laryngology).

PMID- 19991291
TI  - Air-Conditioning: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine with Section of
      Medicine), Joint Discussions No. 7.

PMID- 19991290
TI  - The Effect of Aural Conditions on Fitness for Active Service: (Section of Otology
      and Section of United Services), Joint Discussion No. 6.

PMID- 19991292
TI  - The Epidemiology of Encephalitis Lethargica: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991293
TI  - Diaphyseal Aclasis.

PMID- 19991294
TI  - Precocious Puberty in a Female Infant.

PMID- 19991296
TI  - Osteochondritis. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991295
TI  - Splenomegaly and Meningitis. ? Nature.

PMID- 19991297
TI  - A Condition resembling Rheumatic Fever, with Arthritis, in a Man aged 48. ?
      Nature.

PMID- 19991299
TI  - Multiple Bone Tumours in a Boy aged 16. (Ewing's Tumour).

PMID- 19991298
TI  - Chronic Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19991300
TI  - The Evolution of Orthopaedic Surgery in Great Britain: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991302
TI  - Central Pain in Spinal Cord Lesions: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19991301
TI  - Neohippocratism: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991303
TI  - Physical Research in Psychiatry: With Notes on the Need for Research into
      Hereditary Factors and for a System of Pedigree-Keeping: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991304
TI  - Sarcoma.

PMID- 19991305
TI  - Suprasellar Arachnoid Cyst.

PMID- 19991307
TI  - Otogenic Encephalitis.

PMID- 19991306
TI  - Popliteal Aneurysm.

PMID- 19991308
TI  - Aural Vertigo: Effect of Injection of Adrenalin and Pituitrin.

PMID- 19991309
TI  - The Management of Tuberculous Glands in the Neck: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991310
TI  - Two Cases of Chronic OEdema of Legs with High Blood-pressure.

PMID- 19991312
TI  - Pick's Disease.

PMID- 19991311
TI  - A Patient Sixteen Years after an Operation for Acute Diverticulitis.

PMID- 19991313
TI  - Spondylitis of von Bechterew.

PMID- 19991315
TI  - Tuberculous Epididymitis in a Boy aged 9, with Pulmonary Infection of Three
      Younger Sibs.

PMID- 19991314
TI  - Cataract in a Youth, with Chronic Renal Disease.

PMID- 19991316
TI  - Total Pneumonectomy for Single Pulmonary Cyst.

PMID- 19991318
TI  - Bronchiectasis, with Repeated Haemoptysis treated by Postural Drainage followed
      by Pneumonectomy.

PMID- 19991317
TI  - Total Pneumonectomy for Bronchiectasis: Further Report on Case Previously Shown.

PMID- 19991319
TI  - Defective Movements of Left Eye.

PMID- 19991320
TI  - Defective Movements of the Left Eye.

PMID- 19991321
TI  - Melanotic Sarcoma of Limbus (Epibulbar Sarcoma)-Treated by Excision followed by
      Radium Therapy.

PMID- 19991322
TI  - Neoplasm of the Left Optic Nerve.

PMID- 19991323
TI  - Superficial Epithelial Dystrophy of the Cornea.

PMID- 19991324
TI  - Detachment of Internal Limiting (Hyaloid) Membrane of Retina.

PMID- 19991326
TI  - Plasmocytoma of the Lacrimal Gland: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991325
TI  - Filaria bancrofti in the Interior of the Eye.

PMID- 19991327
TI  - The Neurological and Psychological Effects of Hypoglycaemia: (Section of
      Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991328
TI  - The Treatment of Bacterial Diseases with Substances related to Sulphanilamide:
      (Section of Medicine with Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology), Joint
      Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19991329
TI  - Some Reflections on Virus Immunity: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991330
TI  - Familial Ectodermal Defect.

PMID- 19991332
TI  - Coeliac Disease with a Conditioned Vitamin Deficiency resembling, but not typical
      of Pellagra.

PMID- 19991331
TI  - Multiple Pyaemic Abscesses in Scarlet Fever: Operations: Recovery.

PMID- 19991333
TI  - Two Cases illustrating the use of Intravenous Glucose Curves to Test Liver
      Function.

PMID- 19991335
TI  - Pathological Specimen from a Case of Jaundice (shown February 28, 1936).

PMID- 19991334
TI  - Cretinism (untreated) with Bone Changes simulating Osteochondritis (Perthe's
      Disease of Hip).

PMID- 19991336
TI  - Linear Dermatosis.

PMID- 19991337
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Forme Fruste).

PMID- 19991338
TI  - Chronic Leukaemic Dermatosis.

PMID- 19991339
TI  - Parapsoriasis Retiformis.

PMID- 19991340
TI  - Hodgkin's Disease with Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19991341
TI  - Acne Conglobata.

PMID- 19991342
TI  - Alopecia Areata in an Infant.

PMID- 19991343
TI  - Scarring from Exposure to the Sun.

PMID- 19991344
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19991345
TI  - Darier's Sarcoid.

PMID- 19991346
TI  - Aural Vertigo: A Clinical Study: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991347
TI  - Seasickness: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991348
TI  - The Psychological Approach to Rheumatism: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19991349
TI  - Adolescent Coxa Vara due to Renal Rickets.

PMID- 19991351
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Patella.

PMID- 19991350
TI  - Pellegrini-Stieda Lesion.

PMID- 19991352
TI  - Plastic Operation for Congenital Absence of Thumb.

PMID- 19991353
TI  - The Contribution of Industry to Medicine: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991354
TI  - The East India Company and the Control of Scurvy: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991355
TI  - Recent Work on Heavy Proteins in Virus Infection and its Bearing on the Nature of
      Viruses: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991356
TI  - Progressive Muscular Atrophy associated with Paralysis Agitans.

PMID- 19991357
TI  - Bilateral Ataxy with Rhythmic Tremor of Right Upper Limb.

PMID- 19991358
TI  - Acromegaly.

PMID- 19991359
TI  - Friedreich's Ataxy.

PMID- 19991360
TI  - Two Cases of Leaking Congenital Intracranial Aneurysm. Ligature of Internal
      Carotid Artery.

PMID- 19991361
TI  - Chronic Unilateral Ulceration of the Uvula Associated with a Nodule in the Mid
      line of the Floor of the Mouth.

PMID- 19991362
TI  - Cicatricial Stenosis of the Larynx following Sarcoma of the Trachea treated by
      Radium.

PMID- 19991365
TI  - Laryngeal Carcinoma.

PMID- 19991364
TI  - Tumour of Tongue: Thyroid.

PMID- 19991363
TI  - Prolapse of Both Ventricles of Morgagni.

PMID- 19991366
TI  - Vasomotor Rhinitis: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991368
TI  - Maternity Work in L.C.C. Hospitals, 1931-1936: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991367
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Chronic Sinus Infection: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991369
TI  - Baron Alibert (1768-1837): His Life and Work: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19991370
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans.

PMID- 19991371
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19991372
TI  - Telangiectasia of the Rendu-Osler Type with Camptodactylia and Muscular Atrophy
      in the Hands.

PMID- 19991373
TI  - Chronic Granuloma; ? Artefact.

PMID- 19991374
TI  - Maxillo-Mandibular Dermoid (or Acne Indurata).

PMID- 19991375
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus of the Face, with ? Lichen Planus or Lupus Erythematosus of
      Tongue and Buccal Mucosa.

PMID- 19991376
TI  - Sclerodactylia.

PMID- 19991377
TI  - Follicular Lupoid Eruption following Electrolysis.

PMID- 19991378
TI  - Parapsoriasis: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991379
TI  - Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

PMID- 19991380
TI  - The Introduction of New Remedies into Clinical Practice: (Section of Therapeutics
      and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991381
TI  - Vesical Exclusion: (Section of Urology).
AB  - In the operation of vesical exclusion the urine stream is deviated from the
      urinary bladder into the colon, thereby forming a cloaca, or on to the surface of
      the skin, where a fistula discharging urine is created.The operation is indicated
      in all cases of complete or partial vesical exstrophy. It is successfully
      employed in treating severe cases of vesico-vaginal fistula, whether the result
      of obstetric injury or the delayed action of radium.In carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder, whether primary or secondary, it is practised, frequently preliminary to
      the operation of total cystectomy.In cases of persistent vesical systole and in
      intractable cystitis, it has also been occasionally done.The immediate operative
      mortality following transplantation of the ureters into the pelvic colon is
      largely dependent on the condition for which the operation is performed. In cases
      of malignant disease it is high: whereas in conditions that are non-malignant it
      is a relatively safe procedure.The establishment of a cloaca, particularly in the
      female, of itself produces no appreciable disability. If the operation has been
      performed for a congenital or an acquired deformity, and this has been skilfully
      and successfully carried out and the patient has become stabilized, the
      expectancy of life should not be appreciably diminished.The case of a patient,
      upon whom the operation had been performed twenty-nine years previously, is
      reviewed and particulars of others in which it was performed fourteen years ago,
      or later, are referred to.In the pre-operative preparation, in addition to the
      usual thorough clinical investigation, an examination by excretion urography is
      indicated, especially to determine the possible presence of a third ureter or a
      single functioning kidney. At this period it is also important, particularly in
      cases of obstetric injury, to be sure that the rectal sphincter is fully
      competent and that no haemorrhoids are present.The operative technique was
      carried out under twilight sleep and spinal anaesthesia. The vital importance of
      careful post-operative treatment is emphasized. By the immediate post-operative
      administration of sodium sulphate, by intravenous injection and attention to
      other details, bilateral ureteral transplantation carried out in one stage could
      be safely embarked upon without the fear of anuria developing.A detailed record
      of 60 cases, in which the operation of vesical exclusion has been carried out by
      the author is given.

PMID- 19991382
TI  - Essential Hypertension Treated by Division of the Splanchnic Nerves.

PMID- 19991383
TI  - Pseudopapilloedema.

PMID- 19991384
TI  - Cerebral Glioma treated with Deep X-rays.

PMID- 19991385
TI  - Brown-Sequard Syndrome at C 2 Level due to Vascular Lesion of Cord.

PMID- 19991386
TI  - Familial Tremor.

PMID- 19991387
TI  - Cerebroretinal Degeneration of Late Infantile Type.

PMID- 19991388
TI  - Combined Degeneration of the Cord with Polycythaemia.

PMID- 19991389
TI  - Aneurysm of the Popliteal Artery, Treated and Investigated by a New Method:
      Further Report on Case previously shown.

PMID- 19991390
TI  - Two Cases of Inhaled Foreign Body.

PMID- 19991391
TI  - Carcinomatous Mastitis.

PMID- 19991392
TI  - OEsophageal Obstruction.

PMID- 19991393
TI  - Congenital Palatal Paralysis: ? Nuclear Agenesis.

PMID- 19991394
TI  - Hilar Tuberculosis causing Pulmonary Collapse, in an Infant.

PMID- 19991395
TI  - The Effects of Physical Treatment on the Arneth Count and Sedimentation Rate in
      Rheumatic Conditions: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19991397
TI  - Four Cases of Radical Mastoid Operation followed by Gradual Improvement in
      Hearing.

PMID- 19991396
TI  - The Operative Treatment of Chronic Mastoid Disease: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991398
TI  - Bilateral Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Acute Serous Labyrinthitis of Right
      Ear. Radical Mastoid Operation in Quiescent Stage. Modified Radical Operation
      Left Ear.

PMID- 19991399
TI  - Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Modified Radical Operation.

PMID- 19991400
TI  - A Case of So-called "Synovial Lesions".

PMID- 19991401
TI  - Multiple Subcutaneous Phleboliths over the Tibiae.

PMID- 19991402
TI  - Tumour of Cheek: ? Nature.

PMID- 19991403
TI  - Morbus Recklinghausen with Glomoid Tumours.

PMID- 19991404
TI  - White Spot Disease.

PMID- 19991405
TI  - Localized Myxoedema associated with Graves' Disease.

PMID- 19991406
TI  - Poikilodermia. ? Chronic Atrophic Dermatitis: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991407
TI  - Acne Necrotica.

PMID- 19991408
TI  - Problems of Undulant Fever in Children (Abstract): (Section for the Study of
      Disease in Children).

PMID- 19991410
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19991409
TI  - Atelectatic Bronchiectasis: Recovery.

PMID- 19991411
TI  - Acute Rheumatism occurring in the course of a Staphylococcal Septicaemia.

PMID- 19991412
TI  - Dystrophia Adiposo-genitalis associated with Hydrocephalus in a Child aged 2
      Years.

PMID- 19991413
TI  - Severe Rickets with Multiple Spontaneous Fractures.

PMID- 19991414
TI  - Two Cases of Monocytic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19991415
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease.

PMID- 19991416
TI  - Pneumonia with Unusual Features in an Infant.

PMID- 19991417
TI  - Colitis associated with Stricture of the Recto-sigmoidal Junction.

PMID- 19991419
TI  - The Clinical Value of the Tomograph: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991418
TI  - Treatment of Exophthalmic Goitre by Deep X-rays: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991420
TI  - A Case of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991421
TI  - Infection of the Salivary Glands: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991422
TI  - The Value of Bronchoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment: (Section of Laryngology and
      Section of Medicine), Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19991424
TI  - The Errors of Flow-meters and the Advantages of a New Type of Constriction:
      (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19991423
TI  - The Utilization of Lethal Gases in Hygiene: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991425
TI  - The Continuous-Flow Administration of Cyclopropane: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19991426
TI  - The Trend of Modern Anaesthesia for Upper Abdominal Surgery: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19991427
TI  - Lesions of the Supraspinatus: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991429
TI  - A Method of Grafting Long Bones: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991428
TI  - The Lorenz Bifurcation Osteotomy for Irreducible Congenital Dislocation of Hip:
      (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991430
TI  - The Treatment Of Perforated Peptic Ulcer: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991432
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19991431
TI  - Hydradenome Eruptif of Darier.

PMID- 19991433
TI  - Scleroderma and Vitiligo.

PMID- 19991434
TI  - Chauffard-Still-Felty Syndrome.

PMID- 19991435
TI  - Scleroderma: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991436
TI  - Premycotic Erythema.

PMID- 19991437
TI  - Lichen Planus, with Involvement of the Tongue, and Finger- and Toe-Nails.

PMID- 19991438
TI  - Pigmented Dermatitis associated with Pernicious Anaemia.

PMID- 19991439
TI  - An Unusual Type of ? Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19991440
TI  - An Experimental Investigation into the Association of Traumatic Occlusion with
      Parodontal Disease: (Section of Odontology).
AB  - (1) The production of traumatic occlusion by inserting raised fillings in the
      teeth of monkeys is described. The fillings were inserted in three adjoining
      posterior teeth, one being left higher than the others. In one monkey an upper
      central incisor was the only tooth treated and on this was fixed a raised metal
      crown.(2) Experiments were terminated after varying periods of time, from ten to
      forty-three weeks. The jaws containing the teeth in which raised fillings were
      inserted, the opposing teeth, and the controls, were sectioned. Some sections
      were cut mediodistally and others faciolingually.(3) Results. These were judged
      from a histological examination of the sections.(a) Seven monkeys were treated.
      (b) In three monkeys very definite changes analogous to parodontal disease were
      produced. (c) In three monkeys less extreme changes were seen. (d) In one monkey
      there was no change. (e) in each animal the pathological changes were usually
      observed in only the one tooth which took the greatest stress of the three that
      were filled and the opposing one with which it articulated. (f) Of the 39 teeth
      subjected to trauma eleven showed pathological changes in the subgingival
      tissues.(4) The clinical evidence in man is considered.(5) The conclusion is
      reached that traumatic occlusion is an aetiological factor in the production of
      that variety of parodontal disease in which there is vertical pocket formation
      associated with one or a varying number of teeth.

PMID- 19991441
TI  - The Relation of the Deciduous and Permanent Molars in the Ox: (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19991442
TI  - Epizootic Adenomatosis of the Lungs of Sheep: Its Relation to Verminous Pneumonia
      and Jaagsiekte: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991443
TI  - The Lungworm Theory for the Origin of Epizootic Adenomatosis and the Question of
      the Existence of Adenomatosis in Great Britain: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991444
TI  - Otitis Externa: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991445
TI  - Chronic Labyrinthitis.

PMID- 19991447
TI  - Certain Aspects of the Asthma Problem: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991446
TI  - Psychoses in Children: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991448
TI  - Enlargement of the Thymus in Infants with Special Reference to Clinical Evidence
      of So-called Status Thymico-lymphaticus: (Section for the Study of Disease in
      Children).

PMID- 19991449
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19991450
TI  - Congenital Varicose Veins of Forearm.

PMID- 19991452
TI  - (?) Thyroid Cyst: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991451
TI  - Hepatomegaly in an Infant: ? Von Gierke's Disease.

PMID- 19991453
TI  - Hindquarter Amputation for Sarcoma.

PMID- 19991454
TI  - Extensive Squamous Carcinoma of Tongue.

PMID- 19991455
TI  - Specimen of Carcinoma of Tongue Secondary to a Primary Growth in a Bronchus.

PMID- 19991456
TI  - Secondary Metastases following Carcinoma of the Breast.

PMID- 19991458
TI  - A Member of an Acholuric (Spherocytic) Jaundice Family described in 1910.

PMID- 19991457
TI  - Subcutaneous Movable Spherules in the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19991459
TI  - Congenital Acholuric Jaundice, without Anaemia, Splenomegaly, or Fragility of Red
      Corpuscles.

PMID- 19991461
TI  - Arthritis of Lumbar Vertebral Articulations.

PMID- 19991460
TI  - Case described as Acquired Acholuric (Haemolytic) Jaundice in 1909.

PMID- 19991462
TI  - Spondylitis Ankylopoietica, with Infective Focus Round Sacro-iliac Joints.

PMID- 19991463
TI  - Coarctation of Aorta and Congenital Phlebarteriectasis of Left Arm.

PMID- 19991464
TI  - A Boy Exhibiting Nervous Symptoms ascribed to Kernicterus with Septic Neonatal
      Jaundice as Cause.

PMID- 19991465
TI  - Schizophrenia beginning at about 3 years of age: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991466
TI  - Two Cases of Infantile Myxoedema, with X-ray Findings.

PMID- 19991467
TI  - Recurrent Lobar Collapse.

PMID- 19991468
TI  - Cardiazol Convulsion Therapy in Schizophrenia: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991469
TI  - A Year's Experience of Insulin Therapy in Schizophrenia : (Section of
      Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991470
TI  - The Role of Trauma in the Pathology of Organic Nervous Disease (excluding
      Epilepsy): (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19991472
TI  - The Association of Nervous and Urinary Disease: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991471
TI  - Renal Calculi, Renal Disease, and Hyperparathyroidism: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991473
TI  - Two Cases of Torsion of the Testicle.

PMID- 19991474
TI  - Seminoma of Testis.

PMID- 19991475
TI  - Radiology and Chest Surgery: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991477
TI  - Two Enamel Miniatures of Medical Men: (1) Sir Theodore Turquet de Mayerne (by
      Petitot) and (2) Dr. Richard Mead (by Zincke): (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991476
TI  - A Hebrew Antidotary. Queens' College, Or. 5: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991478
TI  - The Use of Radium in Allergic Rhinitis with Polypi: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991479
TI  - Persistent Suppuration of Right Maxillary Antrum after a Caldwell-Luc Operation.

PMID- 19991480
TI  - Early Post-Cricoid Carcinoma.

PMID- 19991482
TI  - Web Stretching across Vocal Cords.

PMID- 19991481
TI  - Traumatic Laryngeal Stenosis treated by Skin Grafting.

PMID- 19991483
TI  - On Certain Features of Gangrene of the Legs: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991484
TI  - Cardiac Complications of Major Abdominal Surgery: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991485
TI  - Blood Transfusion at the Front (Film by Dr. Frederic Duran-Jorda, Chief of the
      Spanish Government Blood-transfusion Service): (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991486
TI  - Recurrent Lymphoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19991487
TI  - Plastic Operation for Traumatic Anal Atresia.

PMID- 19991488
TI  - Cuff resection of the rectum for a non-malignant papilloma.

PMID- 19991489
TI  - Carcinoma of the ampulla of the rectum treated by perineal conservative
      resection.

PMID- 19991490
TI  - Carcinoma of the rectum treated by perineal conservation resection with carcinoma
      of the hepatic flexure of the colon, both from the same patient.

PMID- 19991491
TI  - Carcinoma of the transverse colon.

PMID- 19991492
TI  - Malignant growth in the first part of the rectum, which occurred twenty years
      after an old-fashioned perineal excision for the same disease.

PMID- 19991493
TI  - Four Cases of Double Carcinoma of the Rectum and Colon.

PMID- 19991494
TI  - Diverticulitis of the Caecum.

PMID- 19991496
TI  - Congenital Angioma of the Rectum and Sigmoid Flexure.

PMID- 19991495
TI  - Endometrioma of the Pelvic Colon: (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of
      Proctology).

PMID- 19991497
TI  - Resection of the Sigmoid Flexure for Adenomatosis with Restoration of Bowel.

PMID- 19991499
TI  - Recurrent Carcinoma of the Rectum following Conservative Resection, treated by
      Abdomino-perineal Excision.

PMID- 19991498
TI  - Multiple Carcinomata and Familial Adenomatosis, treated by Perineo-abdominal
      Excision.

PMID- 19991500
TI  - Diverticulitis of the Sigmoid Colon with Vesico-colic Fistula, treated by
      Colectomy.

PMID- 19991502
TI  - A Variant of Epiloia. Adenoma Sebaceum, without Epilepsy, in a Woman: Epilepsy
      without Adenoma Sebaceum in her Son.

PMID- 19991501
TI  - The Skin Manifestations in Rheumatism: (Section of Physical Medicine and Section
      of Dermatology), Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19991503
TI  - Spasmodic Torticollis: Spastic Dysarthria: Tremor.

PMID- 19991504
TI  - "Rubral Tremor".

PMID- 19991505
TI  - Spasmodic Choreo-Athetosis.

PMID- 19991506
TI  - Mucocoele of Frontal Sinus.

PMID- 19991507
TI  - Painful Phantom Upper Limb.

PMID- 19991509
TI  - Unusual Coincidence of Bitemporal Hemianopia and Papilloedema, due to an
      Adamantinoma.

PMID- 19991508
TI  - The Grasp Reflex in a Hand with No Power of Voluntary Closure.

PMID- 19991510
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis: A Case in which Fatigue of the Forearm Muscles could induce
      Paralysis of the Extra-ocular Muscles.

PMID- 19991512
TI  - The Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Infections: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991511
TI  - Mineral Salts in Therapy: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991513
TI  - Coliform Bacillus Infections of the Male Urinary Tract: (United Services
      Section).

PMID- 19991515
TI  - Some Clinical Observations on a Series of Cases of Acute Gastr-enteritis; with
      Special Reference to Treatment: (Section for the Study of Disease in Children).

PMID- 19991514
TI  - Calcification of the Genito-urinary Organs: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991516
TI  - A Simple Method of Preserving Breast Milk: (Section for the Study of Disease in
      Children).

PMID- 19991517
TI  - The Survey of Maternity Work in L.C.C. Hospitals 1931-1936 [Dr. Letitia
      Fairfield] : (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991518
TI  - The Problem of Post-Maturity: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991519
TI  - Lower Segment Caesarean Section (Cinematograph Demonstration).

PMID- 19991521
TI  - Fractures of the Phalanges of the Hand and Metacarpals: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991520
TI  - Fractures of the Metatarsals: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991522
TI  - Hepatitis and Jaundice Associated with Immunization against Certain Virus
      Diseases: (Section of Comparative Medicine).
AB  - (1) Among 3,100 persons immunized against yellow fever with virus and immune
      serum over a period of five years, 89 cases of jaundice have been traced.(2) The
      symptoms are those of a hepatitis and closely resemble those produced by common
      infective hepatic jaundice, cases of which have frequently been noted as
      occurring in the same areas.(3) The average period between the time of
      inoculation and the development of hepatitis is between two and three months.(4)
      Attention is directed to the occurrence of hepatitis in horses, usually two to
      three months after immunization against the viruses of horse sickness and equine
      encephalomyelitis, and also after the injection of horse serum containing
      antitoxins against Cl. welchii toxins. Similar symptoms were observed, though to
      a lesser extent, in normal horses.(5) The only factor common to the inoculated
      horses and men was the injection of homologous proteins, either in sera or in
      tissue extracts.(6) The only theories which at present explain the observed facts
      are that either (1) a hepatotoxic virus is introduced with the virus inoculum or
      that (2) two factors combine to induce the hepatitis (a) a hepatotoxic substance
      present in the homologous sera or tissue extract injected and (b) an infective
      agent which, in the case at least of human beings, is probably the causal agent
      of common infective hepatic jaundice.

PMID- 19991523
TI  - A Historical, Epidemiological and AEtiological Study of Measles (Morbilli;
      Rubeola): (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19991524
TI  - The Serum Prophylaxis of Measles: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19991526
TI  - The Determination of Disability resulting from Industrial Injuries and Diseases
      (excluding Miner's Nystagmus): (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991525
TI  - The Significance of the Excretion of Sex Hormones in the Urine: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - Recent work on the extraction and assay of urinary sex hormones is reviewed. The
      "sex hormones" known to be excreted in the urine are not identical with the
      hormones which have been actually isolated from the organs of secretion.
      Experimentally it is found that when active substances are administered only a
      very small proportion is excreted in recognizable form, and the excreted form may
      even be inactive. This general statement applies to oestrogens, androgens,
      progestin, and gonadotropic hormone. Hormone activity in the urine is, therefore,
      an uncertain index of hormonal activities in the body. However, with increasing
      knowledge of the chemistry and metabolism of hormones, methods of urine assay
      have been devised which give results capable of correlation with known or assumed
      physiological processes, notably in pregnancy and the normal menstrual cycle, and
      obvious effects are produced by certain types of tumour.In the case of male
      hormone activity the lack of relation between urinary androgens and sexual
      condition has led to the assumption that the androgens in urine are largely
      derived from sources other than the gonads, probably from the adrenal glands.
      Work on this question is described in detail.

PMID- 19991527
TI  - Cavernous Haemangioma of the Right Orbit, Removed by Kronlein's Operation.

PMID- 19991528
TI  - Bilateral Pemphigus of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19991529
TI  - Sclerodermia with Hypertension.

PMID- 19991531
TI  - Morphoea.

PMID- 19991530
TI  - Sclerodermia.

PMID- 19991532
TI  - Pemphigus Foliaceus.

PMID- 19991533
TI  - Pemphigus of the Senear-Usher Type.

PMID- 19991534
TI  - Senear-Usher Disease. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991536
TI  - Kaposi's Disease.

PMID- 19991535
TI  - Kaposi's Disease. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991537
TI  - Kaposi's Disease.

PMID- 19991538
TI  - Miliary Lupoid.

PMID- 19991539
TI  - Ulceration of the Scalp.

PMID- 19991541
TI  - The Value of Physical Methods in the Treatment of Suppurative Conditions of the
      Nose and Throat: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991540
TI  - Hypo-ovarian Dermatosis, Responding to OEstrin.

PMID- 19991542
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991544
TI  - Scarlet Fever Complicated by Mastoiditis with Meningitis, and Sinus Thrombosis
      with Jugular Phlebitis.

PMID- 19991543
TI  - Lateral Sinus Thrombosis and Septicaemia.

PMID- 19991545
TI  - Scarlet Fever Complicated by Mastoiditis and Lateral Sinus Thrombosis.

PMID- 19991546
TI  - Nutritional Therapy during Pregnancy: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991547
TI  - Rhinophyma.

PMID- 19991548
TI  - Osteitis Deformans (Paget) with Pre-tibial Calcareous Nodules.

PMID- 19991549
TI  - Multiple Cysts of Kidney, simulating Mesenteric Cysts.

PMID- 19991550
TI  - Another Member of an Acholuric (Spherocytic) Jaundice Family described in 1910.

PMID- 19991551
TI  - Pseudo-hypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy, with Genital Dystrophy and Obesity.

PMID- 19991552
TI  - Endocrinal Obesity (Hypothyroidism) with OEdema of the Legs, Osteo-arthritis and
      Hypertension.

PMID- 19991554
TI  - Eventration of the Diaphragm.

PMID- 19991553
TI  - Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis treated by Introduction of Air into the Anterior
      Mediastinum (Artificial Pneumomediastinum).

PMID- 19991555
TI  - Congenital Parietal Foramina.

PMID- 19991556
TI  - Splenomegaly with Reversal of Wassermann Reaction from Positive to Negative.

PMID- 19991557
TI  - Shell-fish and the Public Health : (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19991558
TI  - Deformities at the Hip-joint in Children: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991560
TI  - The Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Hip in Adults: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991559
TI  - Hip Deformities in Adults: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991561
TI  - Treatment of Tuberculous Disease of the Spine in Adults: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991563
TI  - Ether Narcosis and Carbohydrate Metabolism: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19991562
TI  - The Relationship of Pre-normal Occlusion to the Early Loss of Deciduous Molars:
      (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991564
TI  - The Technique of Operation for Carcinoma Coli: A Plea for an Eclectic Attitude:
      (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19991566
TI  - Radiotherapy in Non-malignant Gynaecological Disorders: (Section of Radiology
      with Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Joint Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19991565
TI  - Post-Anal so-called "Pilonidal" Sinus: (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of
      Proctology).

PMID- 19991567
TI  - School Life and After for the Handicapped Child: (Section of Epidemiology and
      State Medicine).

PMID- 19991568
TI  - The Syndrome of Synchronous and Rhythmic Palato-Pharyngo-Laryngo-Oculo
      Diaphragmatic Myoclonus: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19991569
TI  - Modern Medical and Biological Climatology (Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture):
      (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19991570
TI  - Ruptured Spleen.

PMID- 19991572
TI  - Gaucher's Disease of the Lungs (Specimen).

PMID- 19991571
TI  - Intussusception.

PMID- 19991573
TI  - Infective Arthritis associated with Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19991574
TI  - Neuroblastoma of Sacrum: Case seen Three and a Half Years after Removal.

PMID- 19991575
TI  - Monarticular arthritis.

PMID- 19991577
TI  - Congenital Deformities.

PMID- 19991576
TI  - Rectal Polyposis associated with Clubbing, Polydactyly, Hydrocephalus,
      Hepatomegaly and Hypochromic Anaemia.

PMID- 19991578
TI  - Cystic Hygroma.

PMID- 19991579
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis of the Upper End of the Left Humerus in a Child aged 3 weeks.

PMID- 19991580
TI  - Hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 19991581
TI  - Webbing of Lower Limbs, associated with Congenital Bilateral Contractions of
      Flexor Muscles of Elbow and Wrist.

PMID- 19991582
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Vagina, treated by Means of an Indwelling Skin-Graft.

PMID- 19991583
TI  - Leukoplakic Vulvitis and the Conditions Liable to be Confused With It: (Section
      of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991585
TI  - A Case of Diabetes Insipidus and Twin Pregnancy: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991584
TI  - Hydrops Foetalis (Erythroblastosis): (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991586
TI  - Puerperal Femoral Thrombosis: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991587
TI  - Anomalous Symptoms in Some Genito-Urinary Conditions: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991588
TI  - Stricture of the Ureter.

PMID- 19991589
TI  - Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter.

PMID- 19991591
TI  - Primary Carcinoma of the Ureter.

PMID- 19991590
TI  - Primary Papilloma of the Ureter.

PMID- 19991593
TI  - Ovarian Teratoma, invading the Bladder.

PMID- 19991592
TI  - Carcinoma of both Ureters, Secondary to Carcinoma of the Bladder.

PMID- 19991594
TI  - Carcinoma of Bladder, with Obstruction at the Vesicle Orifice and Extension up
      one Ureter.

PMID- 19991596
TI  - Diverticulum of Female Urethra.

PMID- 19991595
TI  - Total Cystectomy.

PMID- 19991598
TI  - The Planning and Organization of a Radiological Department in a General Hospital:
      (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991597
TI  - Sarcoma of Bladder.

PMID- 19991599
TI  - Epithelioma of Limbus, treated by Radon.

PMID- 19991601
TI  - Hyaline Membrane in Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19991600
TI  - Familial Ptosis.

PMID- 19991602
TI  - Membrane on Posterior Surface of Cornea.

PMID- 19991603
TI  - Neuromyelitis Optica.

PMID- 19991604
TI  - Unilateral Neuro-retinitis.

PMID- 19991605
TI  - Chronic Bilateral Dacryocystitis.

PMID- 19991606
TI  - Bilateral Enlargement of Lacrimal Gland.

PMID- 19991607
TI  - Hexagonal (Polygonal) Spaces Between the Outer Portions of the Rods and Cones:
      (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991608
TI  - Can the Network Formed by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium be Seen by the
      Ophthalmoscope?: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991609
TI  - The Use of Wire Splints in Operations for Convergent Strabismus: (Section of
      Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991610
TI  - Trachoma: Showing Results of Tarsectomy in Right Upper Lid.

PMID- 19991611
TI  - Gargoylism.

PMID- 19991612
TI  - Two Cases of Cranio-Carpo-Tarsal Dystrophy of? Undescribed Type.

PMID- 19991613
TI  - Arterial Calcification and Subcutaneous Calcinosis: Case shown in January, 1936.

PMID- 19991615
TI  - Cerebral Sequelae, after Neonatal Jaundice, ascribed to Kernicterus.

PMID- 19991614
TI  - Two Cases of Total Pneumonectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19991616
TI  - Microcytic Anaemia Resistant to Iron.

PMID- 19991617
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19991618
TI  - Boeck's Sarcoid.

PMID- 19991619
TI  - Coeliac Rickets.

PMID- 19991620
TI  - Familial Infantilism Associated with Epilepsy.

PMID- 19991621
TI  - Congenital Hypertrophy of Right Side of Body and Left Side of Face.

PMID- 19991622
TI  - Pathological Specimens.

PMID- 19991623
TI  - Three Cases showing Late Results of Pedicle Bone-graft for Fractured Mandible.

PMID- 19991624
TI  - Fibrous Ankylosis of Mandible: Post-infective Arthritis and Peri-arthritis.

PMID- 19991625
TI  - Adamantinoma of Right Maxilla.

PMID- 19991626
TI  - Three Unusual Affections of the Jaws: I, Fibro-myxo-sarcoma of Mandible; II,
      Multilocular Cyst arising from a Maxillary Dental Cyst; III, Xanthomatosis or
      Lipoid Granulomatosis of Mandible. (Schuller-Christian Syndrome): (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19991628
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19991627
TI  - Focal Osteitis of the Mandible, simulating Osteogenic Sarcoma.

PMID- 19991629
TI  - Generalized Scleroderma.

PMID- 19991631
TI  - Pemphigus of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19991630
TI  - Acanthosis Nigricans.

PMID- 19991632
TI  - Ulceration of Ankle: Case Previously Shown.

PMID- 19991633
TI  - Dermatomyositis complicated by Calcinosis.

PMID- 19991634
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis in a Child aged 6 years. Thyroidectomy.

PMID- 19991635
TI  - Right Middle Lobe Collapse.

PMID- 19991636
TI  - Athetosis following Acute Specific Fevers.

PMID- 19991637
TI  - Pseudo-hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19991639
TI  - Klippel-Feil Syndrome.

PMID- 19991638
TI  - Lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 19991640
TI  - Cerebral Tuberculoma.

PMID- 19991642
TI  - Two Cases of Atrophic Lichen Planus in Women.

PMID- 19991641
TI  - A Type of Osseous Dystrophy affecting the Hands and Feet.

PMID- 19991643
TI  - Benign Lymphogranulomatosis (Schaumann).

PMID- 19991644
TI  - Cutis Verticis Gyrata (Congenital).

PMID- 19991645
TI  - Leiomyomas.

PMID- 19991646
TI  - Sarcoma of the Skin.

PMID- 19991647
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19991648
TI  - Acneiform Eruption in a Child.

PMID- 19991649
TI  - Rosaceous Tuberculide.

PMID- 19991650
TI  - Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19991651
TI  - Lipophagous Granuloma (Telford).

PMID- 19991652
TI  - Acne Agminata.

PMID- 19991653
TI  - The Action of the Larynx: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991654
TI  - Dietetic Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to High Blood
      pressure: (Section of Medicine).
AB  - The error in a diabetic is essentially a carbohydrate intolerance, and correction
      of this defect should be aimed at in treatment.Dietetic treatment of diabetes is
      more readily studied in early cases or cases in the pre-diabetic state, before
      arterial degeneration and other catastrophes have become manifest. It is
      suggested that such a condition exists in obese subjects with a carbohydrate
      intolerance.A high protein diet based on a study of these cases is brought
      forward.This diet has been shown to operate favourably in diabetic states. Many
      cases of reasonable severity can be brought to develop a normal or nearly normal
      glucose tolerance curve and retain this state over a period of years. Cases in
      this state are better able to resist concomitant infections without deterioration
      of their tolerance than cases imperfectly balanced with insulin.The high protein
      diet can be used in cases of hyperpiesia in the absence of gross kidney damage.
      These cases show a steady and lasting drop in blood-pressure without the
      necessity of employing rest.The value of the pure fruit diet in increasing
      tolerance of certain diabetics to carbohydrate is demonstrated.The indiscriminate
      use of insulin in hyperglycaemic states is deprecated on the grounds that it is
      frequently unnecessary, and though it may balance it does not necessarily rectify
      the main deficiency of carbohydrate intolerance.By the use of this simple high
      protein diet, where no weighing, &c., is required, a large number of diabetics at
      present on insulin could be readily dealt with, a return to a normal or nearly
      normal glucose tolerance curve being obtained and maintained.

PMID- 19991655
TI  - The Treatment and Prognosis of Tetanus: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991656
TI  - Bovine Tuberculosis in the Human Subject: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991657
TI  - Proferin, a New Diabetic Food: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991658
TI  - The Value of Zinc Protamine Insulin in Treatment: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991659
TI  - The Incidence of Tonsillectomy in School Children: (Section of Epidemiology and
      State Medicine).

PMID- 19991660
TI  - Massive Collapse of the Lung as a Complication of Surgical Operations: (Sections
      of Surgery, Medicine, and Anaesthetics), Joint Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19991661
TI  - The Chronic Pneumonias: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991662
TI  - Some Aspects of Post-operative Pulmonary Complications (Summary): (Section of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991663
TI  - Metatarsus Primus Elevatus.

PMID- 19991665
TI  - Pathological Fracture of the Right Humerus.

PMID- 19991664
TI  - Crush Fracture of the 12th Dorsal Vertebra with Complete Paraplegia.

PMID- 19991667
TI  - Urinary Fistulae in Relation to the Colon and Rectum: (Section of Surgery: Sub
      Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19991666
TI  - A Method of Reduction and Fixation of Os Calcis Fractures.

PMID- 19991668
TI  - Metazoal Immunity: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991669
TI  - Immunity or Tolerance in Malarial Infections: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991670
TI  - Protozoan Diseases of Stock: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991671
TI  - Experimental Investigations on the Relationship of the Anterior Hypophysis to
      Diabetes Mellitus: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991672
TI  - Observations on the Pathology of Meniere's Syndrome: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991674
TI  - Premycosic Erythrodermia.

PMID- 19991673
TI  - Spontaneous Drawings as an Approach to some Problems of Psychopathology: (Section
      of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991675
TI  - Haemochromatosis in a Woman.

PMID- 19991676
TI  - Schamberg's Progressive Pigmentary Dermatosis.

PMID- 19991677
TI  - Pustular Psoriasis.

PMID- 19991678
TI  - Yellowish Discoloration of the Finger- and Toe-nails: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991679
TI  - Colloid Milium.

PMID- 19991680
TI  - Lichen Planus Confined to One Side of the Body and in a Segmental Distribution.

PMID- 19991681
TI  - Two Cases of Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19991682
TI  - Rosaceous Tuberculide: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991683
TI  - Cutis Verticis Gyrata (Congenital).

PMID- 19991684
TI  - The Pathology of Renal Lipomatosis: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991685
TI  - Clinical Significance of Lipomatosis of the Kidney and Ureter: (Section of
      Urology).

PMID- 19991686
TI  - Posterior Urethral Obstruction in Childhood: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991688
TI  - Obstetric Shock: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991687
TI  - Remarks on Certain Neolithic Skulls: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991689
TI  - Large Mesenteric Cyst situated mainly behind the Caecum and resembling an Ovarian
      Cyst-Adenoma: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991690
TI  - Skeletal Changes in Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991691
TI  - Nasal Physiology and Its Relation to the Surgery of the Accessory Nasal Sinuses:
      (Section of Laryngology and Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991693
TI  - Auditory Nerve Tumours: (Section of Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991692
TI  - The Paranasal Sinuses in Children: (Section of Laryngology and Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19991694
TI  - The Otologist's Part in the Investigation of Suspected Brain Tumours: (Section of
      Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991695
TI  - A Fatal Case of Otitic Cerebellar Abscess with Contralateral Petrositis: (Section
      of Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991696
TI  - Notes on Dr. Thomas Goulard's "Treatise on the Effects and Various Preparations
      of Lead-particularly of the Extract of Saturn-for different Chirurgical
      Disorders": (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991698
TI  - The Presenile Dementias: Symptomatology, Pathology, and Differential Diagnosis:
      (Section of Psychiatry and Section of Neurology), Joint Discussion No. 6.

PMID- 19991697
TI  - Australian Convict Doctors: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991699
TI  - Anatomical Variations in the Female Pelvis: Their Classification and Obstetrical
      Significance: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991700
TI  - William Gilbert (1544-1603), Robert Fludd (1574-1637), and William Harvey (1578
      1657), as Medical Exponents of Baconian Doctrines: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991702
TI  - Jaw and Facial Injuries in War-time: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991701
TI  - Some Observations on Cerebral Injuries: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19991703
TI  - A Review of Some of the Recent Contributions to Disease Problems of Domesticated
      Animals: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991704
TI  - The Femoral Neck in Childhood: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991705
TI  - Stereoradiography and Radiographic Analysis: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991706
TI  - Combined Method for the Localization and Extraction of Radio opaque Objects by
      Means of the "Light Compasses": (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991708
TI  - I.-Complete Gastrectomy for Carcinoma.

PMID- 19991707
TI  - Radiology of the Mastoid Process: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991710
TI  - IV.-Sarcoma of Clavicle.

PMID- 19991709
TI  - II.-Carcinoma of Colon with Gastro-colic Fistula.

PMID- 19991712
TI  - V.-Carcinoma of Stomach.

PMID- 19991711
TI  - III.-Sarcoma of Humerus.

PMID- 19991714
TI  - VII.-Intrathoracic Goitre.

PMID- 19991713
TI  - VI.-General Osteitis Fibrosa: Parathyroidectomy.

PMID- 19991715
TI  - VIII.-Lobectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19991717
TI  - Splenomegaly:? Nature.

PMID- 19991716
TI  - Partial Blindness, with other Neurological Signs, cured by Cervico-dorsal
      Sympathectomy.

PMID- 19991719
TI  - Intermittent Metrochylorrhoea.

PMID- 19991718
TI  - Purpura and Angioneurotic OEdema in a Male, associated with Hypertrophy of the
      Breasts.

PMID- 19991720
TI  - Two Cases of Dislocation of the Cervical Spine in Children Caused by Hyperaemic
      Decalcification of the Vertebrae following Cervical Adenitis.

PMID- 19991721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19991722
TI  - Bowen's Disease simulating Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19991723
TI  - Acute Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19991724
TI  - Kaposi's Disease.

PMID- 19991725
TI  - Poikilodermia Atrophicans Vascularis (Lane's Type).

PMID- 19991726
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991727
TI  - Senile Sebaceous Adenoma.

PMID- 19991728
TI  - Unilateral Swelling and Erythema of the Face.

PMID- 19991729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19991730
TI  - Gold Dermatitis.

PMID- 19991732
TI  - Two Cases of Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19991731
TI  - Alopecia Congenita: Minor Ectodermal Defect.

PMID- 19991733
TI  - Achalasia.

PMID- 19991734
TI  - A Boy aged 4 years Weighing Ten Pounds.

PMID- 19991735
TI  - Nephritis with Albuminuric Retinitis and Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PMID- 19991736
TI  - Haemolytic Anaemia in a Newborn Infant.

PMID- 19991738
TI  - Marble Bones: Albers-Schonberg's Disease.

PMID- 19991737
TI  - An Outline of Dentistry in the British Army, 1626-1938: (Section of the History
      of Medicine).

PMID- 19991740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19991739
TI  - Symmetrical Swellings at the Angles of the Jaw: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991741
TI  - Congenital Hemiplegia with Mental Deficiency, treated by Dorsal and Lumbar
      Sympathectomy.

PMID- 19991743
TI  - Actinomycosis of the Jaw.

PMID- 19991742
TI  - Congenital Pyloric Stenosis with Cardio-stenosis in a Child aged 4 days.

PMID- 19991744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19991745
TI  - Vitamin-C Deficiency and Periostitis of Both Ulnae.? Scurvy.

PMID- 19991746
TI  - Obliterative Vascular Disease of the Lower Extremities of? Tuberculous Origin.

PMID- 19991748
TI  - Meningitis, treated with Prontosil.

PMID- 19991747
TI  - OEdema of Leg.

PMID- 19991749
TI  - Immunity in Influenza: The Bearing of Recent Research Work: (Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine).
AB  - The duration of immunity to influenza in man is difficult to assess from clinical
      data because of the difficulty of diagnosing the disease with certainty; two
      influenza-like attacks suffered by a patient within a short period may not have
      the same aetiology.Serological relationships amongst strains of influenza virus
      are complicated. It seems probable that strains cannot be rigidly classified into
      types but that several antigens are present, distributed amongst strains in
      varying proportions.The relationship of pandemic (1918-19) influenza to that of
      recent lesser epidemics is obscure. The supposed origin of swine-influenza in the
      U.S.A. in 1918 and the presence of antibodies to swine-influenza in the sera of
      most adult human beings have led to a suggestion that swine-influenza is a
      survival in the pig of 1918-'flu. The serological evidence for this view is now
      seen to be capable of other interpretations.Factors concerned in the immunity of
      experimental animals to influenza are discussed- degrees of immunity in the
      ferret; immunity of the nasal passages to big doses of virus; immunity of the
      lungs; immunity to contact infection. Active immunity runs parallel with titre of
      neutralizing antibodies so long as one is dealing with one strain of virus. Cross
      tests amongst different strains complicate the picture.In planning vaccination of
      human beings we wonder:-(1) Whether, on general epidemiological grounds, an
      attempt to vaccinate against influenza virus is likely to be profitable.(2)
      Whether the production of a rise in antibodies in man will be a good guide to the
      immunity induced by a vaccine.(3) Whether we are right in using killed virus and
      in fearing a live vaccine.(4) What strains we ought to use in making a
      vaccine.(5) When and how often we should vaccinate.

PMID- 19991750
TI  - Pre-Psychotic Anorexia: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991751
TI  - Some Interesting Features Concerning 455 Personal Cases of Urinary Calculus:
      (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19991753
TI  - Latent Nasopharyngeal Infections and Pathology of the Central and Peripheral
      Nervous Systems: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991752
TI  - Malignant Degeneration of Gastric Ulcer: (Section of Surgery).
AB  - Malignant degeneration is the most serious complication of gastric ulcer. Its
      recognition is difficult both in the early stage and in advanced cases in which
      only the evidence of a previous ulcer-cavity, and the radiating folds of the
      mucous membrane indicate progressive development of carcinoma from an original
      ulcer.It is impossible to say how often gastric ulcer becomes malignant; one can
      only state the frequency of ulcer-carcinoma, found in gastric resections.One
      hundred and forty-one personal cases of ulcer-carcinoma are recorded, and are
      divided into three groups.GROUP I: 41 which were diagnosed clinically and at
      operation as cases of ulcer, but in which histological examination showed
      incipient cancer.GROUP II: 55 diagnosed clinically as cases of ulcer, but in
      which a diagnosis of ulcer-carcinoma was made during operation and afterwards
      histologically confirmed.GROUP III: 45 diagnosed both clinically and
      macroscopically (from the typical folding of the mucous membrane) as cases of
      ulcer-cancer, in which the cancer had entirely overgrown the ulcer.Therefore in
      the series of 532 resections for gastric ulcer the frequency of ulcer-carcinoma
      was 20.9%, or 15.2% if the third group is omitted.In a series of 718 resections
      for gastric cancer, the frequency of ulcer-carcinoma was 19.6% (or 14.2% if the
      third group is omitted).The mortality in simple two-third resection of the
      stomach is low (four deaths in 99 cases = 4%). When the pancreas, liver, colon,
      or oesophagus, is involved, the resection mortality is high (14 deaths in 42
      cases = 33.3%), but even in these cases the operation is justifiable because
      permanent cures were achieved in a number of cases.The prognosis in cases of
      ulcer-cancer is very grave. In many cases, judging from the author's own
      experience, patients suffering from incipient ulcer-cancer-only histologically
      diagnosed as cancer-die from liver metastases, in spite of radical resection. It
      will thus be seen that the end-results of resection for ulcer-carcinoma are
      actually worse than those of resection for primary carcinoma.A. Ulcer-cancer: In
      Group I, 35 cases were operated on before 1933, and in 18 of these (51.4%) the
      patients have been free from symptoms for more than five years; in Group II, 27
      cases were operated on before 1933, and in four of these (14.8%) the patients are
      still symptom-free. In Group III, out of 37 cases operated on, only two patients
      (5.4%) have been symptom-free for the same period.B. Primary cancer: Out of 260
      cases of resection for primary cancer before 1933, 77 patients (29.6%) are
      permanently cured.If the ulcer-cancer is so far advanced that the diagnosis can
      be made clinically, or during operation, the prognosis is extremely bad
      (permanent cures having been only 9.3% in the series).In cases of gastric ulcer
      the best plan is to carry out resection before malignant degeneration begins. The
      result would then be that not merely 51% but at least 90% of the patients would
      be alive and well after five years.

PMID- 19991754
TI  - Infrasellar Adamantinoma: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991755
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Larynx.

PMID- 19991756
TI  - Simmonds' Disease (Pituitary Cachexia).

PMID- 19991757
TI  - Spinal Tumour with Extreme Scoliosis.

PMID- 19991758
TI  - Meningioma of Occipital Lobe.

PMID- 19991759
TI  - Hernia Cerebri treated by Thiersch Skin Grafts.

PMID- 19991761
TI  - Chronic External Hydrocephalus following Otitis Media and Ablation of Lateral
      Sinus.

PMID- 19991760
TI  - Pineal Tumour with Invasion of Quadrigeminal Plate. Unusual Type of Paresis of
      Reflex Ocular Movements. Treated by Subtemporal Decompression and Radiotherapy.

PMID- 19991762
TI  - Meningitis Serosa Circumscripta Spinalis in a Boy aged 9 Years 10 Months.

PMID- 19991764
TI  - Scalenus Anticus Syndrome in a Girl aged 11 Years.

PMID- 19991763
TI  - Toxic Hydrocephalus in a Girl at the Age of 10 Years.

PMID- 19991765
TI  - Left Trigeminal Pain, treated by Sjoqvist's Medullary Trigeminal Tractotomy
      (Harvey Jackson, F.R.C.S).

PMID- 19991766
TI  - Parasagittal Meningioma of Pre-natal Origin.

PMID- 19991767
TI  - Alzheimer's Disease.

PMID- 19991768
TI  - Infantile Hemiplegia. Cerebral Angioma. Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19991769
TI  - The Nomenclature of Diseases of the Fundus: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991770
TI  - Resistance to Experimental Cancer (Walter Earnest Dixon Memorial Lecture):
      (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991771
TI  - Sjogren's Syndrome associated with Pigmentation and Sclerodermia of the Legs.

PMID- 19991772
TI  - Two Cases of Diffuse Sclerodermia, Sclerodactylia and Myositis.

PMID- 19991773
TI  - Multiple Epitheliomatosis apparently caused by Arsenic.

PMID- 19991774
TI  - Three Cases of Melanose Circonscrite Precancereuse.

PMID- 19991775
TI  - Pachyonychia Congenita (Jadassohn and Lewandowski).

PMID- 19991776
TI  - Kast's Syndrome (Multiple Haemangiomata associated with Chondromata or Ollier's
      Dyschondroplasia).

PMID- 19991777
TI  - Lymphocytoma Miliaris Faciei.

PMID- 19991778
TI  - Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19991780
TI  - Fungating Warts of the Feet.

PMID- 19991779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19991781
TI  - Erythrocyanosis Frigida Crurum Puellarum.

PMID- 19991782
TI  - Case for Diagnosis:? Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19991783
TI  - Manipulation in Rheumatic Disorders: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19991784
TI  - Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia.

PMID- 19991785
TI  - Albers-Schonberg Disease.

PMID- 19991786
TI  - Malunion of Tibia and Fibula.

PMID- 19991787
TI  - Multiple Deformities in Two Sisters.

PMID- 19991788
TI  - Further Studies in Adult Rickets (Osteomalacia) and Foetal Rickets: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991789
TI  - Carcinoma of the Vulva: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991790
TI  - The Treatment of Carcinoma Vulvae: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991791
TI  - Epithelioma of the Vulva: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991792
TI  - Some Recent Work on Barbiturates: (Section of Anaesthetics).
AB  - Toxic effects are sometimes seen after the administration of quite small amounts
      of barbiturates. Factors concerned in their production are discussed under the
      following heads:-(1) Barbiturates can produce liver damage, even hepatitis.(2)
      Barbiturates may become toxic in the presence of liver damage, as shown by:-(a)
      Clinical and post-mortem experience.(b) Experimental evidence-the work of Pratt
      and Koppanyi in America and our own experiments showing that certain barbiturates
      may exert toxic effects not only when there is severe liver damage but also in
      the early stages of liver injury.(3) Other factors also seem to be concerned:-(a)
      Cold.(b) Haemorrhage.(c) Fasting.(d) Sepsis.(e) Tight bandage around upper
      abdomen.(f) Castration.The experimental evidence for this statement is given.

PMID- 19991793
TI  - Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia.

PMID- 19991794
TI  - Cardiomegaly in an Infant: Idiopathic.

PMID- 19991795
TI  - Congenital Air-containing Cysts of Lung.

PMID- 19991796
TI  - Congenital Steatorrhoea with Congenital Morbus Cordis.

PMID- 19991797
TI  - Albers-Schonberg Disease. An Atypical Case.

PMID- 19991798
TI  - Two Cases of Diabetes Mellitus with Gross Hepatomegaly and Jaundice.

PMID- 19991800
TI  - Developmental Umbilical Abnormality.

PMID- 19991799
TI  - Two Cases of Anaphylactoid (Henoch-Schonlein) Purpura.

PMID- 19991801
TI  - Hirschsprung's Disease, treated with Sympathectomy (Mr. T. Meyrick Thomas).

PMID- 19991803
TI  - The Dental Stigmata of Congenital Syphilis: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991802
TI  - Radiological Findings in Some Less Common Jaw Affections: (Section of
      Odontology).

PMID- 19991804
TI  - The Use of Sulphanilamide and Allied Drugs in the Treatment of Human and Animal
      Diseases: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19991806
TI  - Two Cases of Spring Catarrh treated by Radon.

PMID- 19991805
TI  - The Abiotrophies of the Retina and Choroid: (Section of Ophthalmology).
AB  - (1) Hereditary lesions fall into three groups:-(a) Malformations: Present at
      birth.(b) Abiotrophies: At birth the tissue is fully differentiated but it
      undergoes degenerative changes at some period in post-natal life.(c)
      Phakomatoses: A group possessing features of the two previous groups and some
      features of neoplasms.(2) The conception of abiotrophy draws attention to a large
      group of affections which have a hereditary character and develop in apparently
      normal tissues, making their appearance in different families at different
      periods of life. The conception is well established in neurology. Ophthalmology
      offers numorous examples. A large variety of familial fundus lesions (other than
      hereditary congenital anomalies), the corneal dystrophies (generally setting in
      at about puberty), "senile" cataract (occurring with regular frequency in certain
      families at certain ages), all illustrate the occurrence of familial groups of
      affections in tissues that show no obvious congenital anomaly, structurally or
      functionally. Whether this group is called heredo-degenerations or abiotrophies
      or by some other name is of little significance in comparison with the
      recognition of the existence of such a clinically distinct group.(3) The
      understanding of the nature of these affections is rudimentary. Studies in the
      mode of inheritance of the different abiotrophies help to explain their
      distribution, but not their nature, just as the genetics of congenital
      malformations do not explain the embryological mechanism underlying these
      defects.(4) The earlier workers of this branch of genetics were inclined to
      attribute the degenerative process in post-natal life to a failure inherent in
      the cell. Present evidence indicates that in the abiotrophies it is the
      environment of the cells rather than the cells themselves that is at fault. Work
      along these lines has already led to valuable therapeutic results in affections
      that were previously regarded as incurable (acholuric familial jaundice; Schuller
      Christian syndrome).(5) The abiotrophies of the retina and choroid are indicated.
      The solution of the problems they present lies in the study of their general
      associations. These are discussed.

PMID- 19991807
TI  - Sarcoma of Ethmoid, treated by Intra-orbital Radon.

PMID- 19991808
TI  - "Facial Hemiatrophy" with Eye Complications.

PMID- 19991809
TI  - A Light Threshold Apparatus: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991811
TI  - Convalescent Hospitals of the Future: Their Type, Function, and Use: (Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19991810
TI  - Convergence Rule: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19991812
TI  - Benzedrine: Uses and Abuses: (Section of Medicine with the Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991814
TI  - F. J. V. Broussais (1772-1838): His Life and Doctrines: (Section of the History
      of Medicine).

PMID- 19991813
TI  - Radiology in Wartime: (Sections of Radiology and United Services).

PMID- 19991816
TI  - Lichen Planus in Lines from Scratching.

PMID- 19991815
TI  - Case for Diagnosis:? Pringle's Disease.

PMID- 19991817
TI  - Pigmented Naevi on the Skin, Lips, and Buccal Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19991819
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Ulcus Neuroticum.

PMID- 19991818
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19991820
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Periadenitis Mucosa Necrotica Recurrens (Sutton).

PMID- 19991821
TI  - Senear-Usher Syndrome.

PMID- 19991822
TI  - Melanodermia? Pigmentary Morphoea.

PMID- 19991823
TI  - Verrucose Tuberculide.

PMID- 19991824
TI  - Anterior Poliomyelitis and Polio-Encephalitis: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991825
TI  - Spindle-cell Sarcoma of Scarpa's Triangle: Interinnomino-abdominal Amputation.

PMID- 19991826
TI  - Neurinoma of Branch of Nerve of Right Vagus.

PMID- 19991827
TI  - Polycystic Disease of Liver.

PMID- 19991828
TI  - Lobectomy for Bronchiectasis, with Cure of Diaphragmatic Hernia.

PMID- 19991830
TI  - Carcinoma of the Left Lobe of the Liver.

PMID- 19991829
TI  - Carcinoma in Axillary Tail of Left Breast: Multiple Secondary Bone Deposits.

PMID- 19991832
TI  - Cardio-Omentopexy.

PMID- 19991831
TI  - Obstructed Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Child with Diaphyseal Aclasia.

PMID- 19991833
TI  - Angina Pectoris treated by Cardio-Pneumonopexy.

PMID- 19991835
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. Pneumonitis:? Syphilitic.

PMID- 19991834
TI  - Malignant Hypertension.

PMID- 19991836
TI  - Paroxysmal Tachycardia in Two Children.

PMID- 19991837
TI  - Melorheostosis and Gummatous Ulcers.

PMID- 19991838
TI  - Aneurysm of the Abdominal Aorta.

PMID- 19991839
TI  - Aneurysm of the Popliteal Artery: Investigation by Arteriography. Cure by
      Hunterian Ligature.

PMID- 19991841
TI  - Acute Suppurative Pericarditis.

PMID- 19991840
TI  - Unilateral Exophthalmic Ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 19991842
TI  - Dwarfism Resulting from Chronic Regional Enteritis.

PMID- 19991843
TI  - Unilateral Exophthalmos for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991844
TI  - Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991845
TI  - Functional Disorders of the Voice: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19991846
TI  - Preventive Medicine in Relation to Aviation: (United Services Section).
AB  - Introduction-The progress of aviation.The protection of communities against
      diseases liable to be imported by aircraft.Relationship between the incubation
      period of infectious diseases and time taken by air journeys to distant
      lands.Administrative measures for the sanitary control of air-traffic:-The
      International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1993).The role of the
      Office International d'Hygiene Publique, and the Health Organization of the
      League of Nations.The Public Health (Aircraft) Regulations, 1938.Types of
      aerodromes for sanitary purposes.Practical measures for the sanitary control of
      aerodromes and aircraft especially as regards insects, passengers, and
      freight.POSSIBLE TRANSMISSION OF YELLOW FEVER BY AIRCRAFT: antimeasures,
      including vaccination.The protection of flying personnel against diseases due to
      flying.(a) Vision-glare; ocular fatigue of night and blind flying; blacking-out;
      night blindness.(b) Hearing - noise; aerial telephony; middle-ear deafness, and
      excessive vestibular stimulation.(c) Respiration-oxygen want.(d) Fatigue.(e)
      Digestion-ballooning of stomach; air-sickness; rations for long-distance flights;
      water supply.

PMID- 19991847
TI  - Radiation Therapy in Tumours of Bone: (Section of Radiology).
AB  - Radiation can be shown to produce satisfactory results in the treatment of simple
      bone cyst, chondroma, angioma, and benign giant-cell tumour. It is of particular
      value in benign giant-cell tumour where there are grounds for the opinion that it
      should largely replace surgical methods.Surgery remains the methods of choice in
      the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma but where the lesion is inaccessible growth
      restraint may be obtained by the use of X-ray therapy.Radiation, as a palliative
      measure, is of definite value in the treatment of bone metastases.Myelomata are
      uniformly responsive to X-ray therapy, which is capable of prolonging life and
      relieving pain in these cases.It is probable that radiation therapy is superior
      to surgery in treatment of Ewing's tumour if the diagnosis be made at an early
      stage of the disease.Direct invasion of the bone by tumour should not be
      considered a contra-indication to radiation therapy, particularly if the tumour
      is of a type known to be radio-sensitive.

PMID- 19991848
TI  - Internal-Ear Deafness: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991850
TI  - Enamel Protein: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991849
TI  - The Electrical Activity of a Denervated Ear : (Section of Otology).
AB  - The electrical response from the cochlea of a cat which had previously been
      denervated by intracranial crushing of the auditory nerve was submitted to a
      lengthy study, the results of which may be summarized as follows:-The responses
      to acoustical stimulation derived from electrodes placed on the round window
      margin and in the chin muscles were studied by means of an amplifier and cathode
      ray oscillograph, in the usual way. Transient stimuli whose polarity could be
      reversed were employed to demonstrate the absence of any electrical component of
      neural origin such as is invariably present in a normal ear. In all other
      respects, however, the responses were unaffected, and both threshold contours
      (the so-called "electrical audiogram") and equal response contours for
      approximately pure-tone stimuli demonstrated close comparability with those for
      normal ears. Harmonic analysis of the cochlear response yielded results departing
      from the normal only in such respects as would be expected in view of the
      complete absence of nervous component in the analysed wave.From these data, it is
      argued that this animal presented a case in which normal electrical responses
      were obtained from the peripheral organ, despite virtually complete degeneration
      of the auditory nerve, and, it follows, complete unilateral deafness. Subsequent
      histological examination confirmed these observations, and it is urged,
      therefore, that the validity of the view that the cochlear response provides an
      index of the hearing ability of an animal, as is sometimes stated, is open to
      question. Additionally, this experiment finally discredits the hypothesis that
      the cochlear response itself is, in any sense, neural in origin; it further
      indicates the necessity for caution in the interpretation of results obtained
      from normal ears, where the cochlear response, however derived, is in some degree
      adulterated by the simultaneous presence of an action potential component.

PMID- 19991852
TI  - Gastroscopy in Achlorhydria: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991851
TI  - Gastroscopy: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991853
TI  - The Practical Application of Gastroscopy: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991854
TI  - Carcinoma of Kidney.

PMID- 19991855
TI  - Solitary Suppurating Cyst of Kidney with Retrograde and Intravenous Pyelograms.

PMID- 19991856
TI  - Congenital Right Hydro-ureter.

PMID- 19991858
TI  - Advanced Urinary Tuberculosis treated by Presacral Neurectomy.

PMID- 19991857
TI  - Adenoma of Kidney with Multiple Serous Cysts at Lower Pole.

PMID- 19991859
TI  - Circumrenal Haematoma.

PMID- 19991860
TI  - Extensive Calculous Disease of the Prostate treated by Transurethral Methods Nine
      Years Ago.

PMID- 19991861
TI  - Bilateral Renal Decapsulation for Nephritic Anuria.

PMID- 19991862
TI  - Pyo-ureter of a Double Kidney.

PMID- 19991863
TI  - Squamous-cell Carcinoma of Kidney.

PMID- 19991864
TI  - Demonstration of Apparatus for Endovesical Photography.

PMID- 19991865
TI  - Sebaceous Adenomata of the Scrotum.

PMID- 19991866
TI  - Radio-active Ointment as a Method of Surface Radium Therapy: (Section of
      Dermatology).

PMID- 19991867
TI  - Superficial Ulcerated Squamous-celled Carcinoma on Bridge of Nose.

PMID- 19991868
TI  - Grouped Miliary Sarcoid of Boeck.

PMID- 19991869
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum.

PMID- 19991870
TI  - Case of Erythema Annulare Centrifugum.

PMID- 19991871
TI  - Apyrexial Ulceration, Lung Abscess and Pyaemia.

PMID- 19991872
TI  - Plaques on Glans Penis. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991873
TI  - Lichen Sclerosis.

PMID- 19991874
TI  - ? Urticaria Pigmentosa. Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991875
TI  - Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19991876
TI  - Recent Trends in Psychiatry (Abridged): (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991877
TI  - Precancerous Changes in the Cervix Uteri: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991878
TI  - Mixed-Cell Sarcoma of the Uterus: (Abstract of Case Report).

PMID- 19991879
TI  - Three Skiagrams Showing a Complication of External Version for Breech
      Presentation.

PMID- 19991880
TI  - The Neurological Complications of Pregnancy: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19991881
TI  - Osseous Dystrophy.

PMID- 19991882
TI  - Congenital Cystic Disease of the Lung.

PMID- 19991883
TI  - Myeloid Leukaemia.

PMID- 19991884
TI  - Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia.

PMID- 19991886
TI  - Streptococcal Bacteriaemia.

PMID- 19991885
TI  - Jaw-winking in an Infant.

PMID- 19991887
TI  - Dwarfism of Uncertain Causation.

PMID- 19991888
TI  - Calcified Tissue of Repair: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991890
TI  - Injuries to Both Semilunar Cartilages of the Knee-joint: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991889
TI  - The Teeth from a Case of Hypoparathyroidism: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19991891
TI  - Congenital Coxa Vara and the Short Femur: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991893
TI  - Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991892
TI  - The Operation of Intertrochanteric Osteotomy: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19991894
TI  - Physiological Aspects of Rheumatism: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19991895
TI  - Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplasms of the Testis: (Section of Surgery).
AB  - Various clinical types of the disease; mistakes in diagnosis.-Methods of
      diagnosis, clinical and biochemical.-The undescended testicle, and its
      relationship to malignant disease. Treatment.-The diminishing field of operation,
      the value of X-ray treatment, and the improvement in the results therefrom.

PMID- 19991896
TI  - Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991897
TI  - Recurrent Attacks of Acute Pancreatic Dysfunction with Spontaneous Recovery:
      (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991898
TI  - Recent Developments in the Treatment of Addison's Disease: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991899
TI  - Allusions to a "Circulation" of the Blood in MSS. Anterior to De motu cordis
      1628: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991900
TI  - Emulsifying Bases with Particular Reference to their Advantages when Modified for
      Use as a Protective in Industry.

PMID- 19991901
TI  - Multiple Punctate Telangiectasia and Purpuric Lichenoid Papules.

PMID- 19991902
TI  - White Spot Sclerodermia with Facial Hemiatrophy.

PMID- 19991904
TI  - Schaumann's Disease in Two Sisters.

PMID- 19991903
TI  - Sarcoid followed by Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19991905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19991907
TI  - Monilial Stomatitis.

PMID- 19991906
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa treated with Grenz-rays.

PMID- 19991908
TI  - Siberian Ulcer.

PMID- 19991909
TI  - The Proper Sphere of State Medicine: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19991910
TI  - Anorexia Nervosa: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19991911
TI  - Bacteriaemia and Oral Sepsis: (Section of Odontology).
AB  - Transient streptococcal bacteriaemias are a frequent sequel to dental extractions
      especially when the mouth is the seat of severe chronic gum infection. Bacteria
      may also gain admission to the blood-stream in such cases irrespective of
      operative procedures and probably as the result, in many instances, of minor
      degrees of gum injury such as is produced by biting on a loose tooth. Acute
      apical infections do not appear to be especially associated with blood infection
      of this kind, the focus of infection here apparently being effectively "walled
      off" by the associated inflammatory reaction.Of the two factors, infection and
      trauma, involved in the production of these post-operative bacteriaemias,
      infection appears to be the more important since, when it is marked, very slight
      degrees of gum injury are sufficient to produce blood-stream invasion. In the
      complete absence, however, of the type of trauma induced by the "rocking" of a
      tooth during its removal, extraction may be accomplished without producing a
      heavy bacterial shower in the blood.Usually these transient bacteriaemias produce
      no permanent ill-effect, but there is some evidence that, occurring in subjects
      with abnormal heart valves, they may lead to subacute infective endocarditis.
      Thirteen cases are reported where the valvular infection appeared to result from
      a post-operative dental bacteriaemia.Prevention of such bacteriaemias may be
      achieved by the reduction or elimination of infection and trauma. Complete
      elimination of the gum infection is difficult although preliminary treatment of
      the gum margin by some measure such as cauterization may lessen it and lead to a
      reduction of the post-operative bacterial shower. Similarly, by manipulating an
      infected tooth as little as possible during its extraction the incidence or
      degree of blood infection may be decreased.

PMID- 19991912
TI  - Subhyaloid OEdema of the Retina.

PMID- 19991913
TI  - Contact Lenses Fitted to Patients at the Moorfields Contact-Lens Clinic.

PMID- 19991914
TI  - Capsular Synechia to a Vascularized Line on Posterior Corneal Surface.

PMID- 19991916
TI  - Two Cases of Exophthalmic Ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 19991915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19991917
TI  - Retinitis Pigmentosa and Coats's Disease.

PMID- 19991918
TI  - Three Cases Fitted with Contact Lenses.

PMID- 19991919
TI  - Diagnosis of Coats's Disease (? Lindau's Disease).

PMID- 19991920
TI  - True Ocular Torticollis and Retinal Angiomatosis.

PMID- 19991922
TI  - Right Retinal Detachment:? Inflammatory,? Secondary Neoplasm.

PMID- 19991921
TI  - Paget's Disease associated with Transverse Band Degeneration of both Corneae.

PMID- 19991924
TI  - An Unusual Type of Corneal Dystrophy.

PMID- 19991923
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19991925
TI  - Exudative Retinitis:? Nature.

PMID- 19991926
TI  - Unilateral Papillitis of Obscure AEtiology.

PMID- 19991927
TI  - Myopic Detachments of the Retina associated with Senile Cataract in Both Eyes.

PMID- 19991928
TI  - Leber's Disease in Twins.

PMID- 19991929
TI  - Cyst of Right Retina.

PMID- 19991930
TI  - Unusual Type of Detached Retina.

PMID- 19991931
TI  - Two Cases of Familial Keratitis.

PMID- 19991932
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis.

PMID- 19991933
TI  - Radium Treatment of Menopausal Haemorrhage Followed by Carcinoma of the Body of
      the Uterus Three Years Later.

PMID- 19991934
TI  - Two Cases of Endometrioma of Ovary suggesting the Transplantation Theory of
      Origin.

PMID- 19991935
TI  - Granulosa-celled Tumour of Ovary in a Child of 4 Years.

PMID- 19991936
TI  - A Case of Pseudo-hermaphroditism.

PMID- 19991938
TI  - Specimen of a Bilateral and Subcutaneous Leiomyoma of the Crura of the Corpora
      Cavernosa and of the Corpus Cavernosum from a Woman aged 27.

PMID- 19991937
TI  - Report on a Case of Granulosa-cell Tumour in a Girl of 11 Years.

PMID- 19991939
TI  - Some Observations on the Surgical Treatment of Urinary Incontinence: (Section of
      Urology).
AB  - TYPES: A. Essential. B. Paradoxical. C. False. D. True.True incontinence.-A.
      Congenital: (a) Developmental abnormalities. (b) Malformations of nervous system.
      B. Acquired: (a) Local abnormalities. (b) False passages. (c) Disturbance of
      innervation.Anatomy of sphincteric mechanism in male and female. DIAGNOSIS: Need
      for careful investigation including cysto-urethroscopy, cysto-urethrography, and
      cysto-manometry. TREATMENT: A. Physiotherapy. B. Direct surgical repair. C.
      Surgical diversion of urine.TYPES OF TRUE INCONTINENCE AMENABLE TO DIRECT
      SURGICAL REPAIR: A. Epispadias. B. Aberrant ureteric ostia. C. Fistulae. D.
      Congenital or acquired defective sphincteric mechanism.Operative treatment of
      vesico-vaginal fistulae.Transvesical operation for cure of congenitally defective
      sphincteric mechanism-report of seven cases.Stress incontinence.-Value of
      urethrograms to ascertain nature of defect. Operative treatment.Incontinence
      following prostatic surgery.-Types of operation advocated.New operative procedure
      utilizing ribbon catgut with demonstrative moving picture.

PMID- 19991940
TI  - The Radiology of Acute Respiratory Disease: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19991941
TI  - The Clinical Aspects of the Vitamin-B Complex: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991942
TI  - Osteoclastoma of Ischium and Pubis Treated by Teleradium.

PMID- 19991943
TI  - Scalenus Anticus Syndrome.

PMID- 19991944
TI  - Notes on a Case of Bilateral Arthritis of the Hip-joints treated by Capsulectomy.

PMID- 19991945
TI  - Three Cases of Spontaneous Rupture of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon.

PMID- 19991946
TI  - Modern Surgery of the Labyrinth: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19991947
TI  - Two Cases of Vertigo treated by Intratympanic Injection of Alcohol.

PMID- 19991948
TI  - Three Temporal Bones to Illustrate the Anatomy of Translabyrinthine Drainage of
      the Meninges and Vestibulotomy.

PMID- 19991949
TI  - Shock Therapy: A Plea for Proportion in Psychiatry: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991950
TI  - Antral Infection of Dental Origin: (Sections of Laryngology and Odontology).

PMID- 19991952
TI  - Cerebral Aneurysm with Papilloedema.

PMID- 19991951
TI  - Vitamin E: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19991953
TI  - Subclinoid Aneurysm.

PMID- 19991955
TI  - Myopathic Weakness of Quadriceps.

PMID- 19991954
TI  - Jaw-winking Syndrome.

PMID- 19991957
TI  - Calves Disease (Osteochondritis Juvenilis).

PMID- 19991956
TI  - Communicating Hydrocephalus Simulating Cerebral Tumour.

PMID- 19991958
TI  - Epilepsy Treated with Sodium Diphenyl-Hydantoinate.

PMID- 19991959
TI  - Apraxia of the Right Upper Limb with Sensory Changes in the Same Limb and
      Dysphasia.

PMID- 19991960
TI  - An Unusual Case of Sensory Polyneuritis.

PMID- 19991961
TI  - Myopathic Wasting associated with Ptosis and External Ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 19991962
TI  - British Prisoners Released by Napoleon at Jenner's Request: (Section of the
      History of Medicine).

PMID- 19991963
TI  - Swallowed Foreign Bodies: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991964
TI  - Swallowed Foreign Bodies in Relation to Mental Hospital Practice: (Section of
      Surgery).

PMID- 19991965
TI  - The Injection Treatment of Hernia: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19991966
TI  - Prolapse of the Blind End of a Colostomy through the Perineum Five and a Half
      years after Perineal Excision.

PMID- 19991968
TI  - Lipoma of the Colon.

PMID- 19991967
TI  - Solitary Diverticulum of the Caecum.

PMID- 19991969
TI  - Extensive Ano-Rectal and Urethral Fistulae with Plastic Repair: (Section of
      Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19991971
TI  - I.-Diverticulitis of Caecum, Resembling Carcinoma.

PMID- 19991970
TI  - III.-Small Carcinoma of Pelvic Colon with Perforation of Enormous Growth into the
      Rectum.

PMID- 19991972
TI  - II.-Abdomino-Perineal Excision of Rectum and Wertheim's Operation.

PMID- 19991973
TI  - A Case of Amoebic Ulceration of the Rectum and Anus.

PMID- 19991974
TI  - IV.-Double Carcinoma of Pelvic Colon and Rectum.

PMID- 19991975
TI  - Amoebic Ulceration of the Abdominal Wall.

PMID- 19991976
TI  - Intussusception caused by Malignant Growth.

PMID- 19991978
TI  - I.-Terminal Ileitis.

PMID- 19991977
TI  - Early Carcinoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19991979
TI  - A Case of Gas Gangrene of the Rectum following a Local Removal of Polypoid
      Growth.

PMID- 19991980
TI  - III.-? Lymphoma of Ileum.

PMID- 19991981
TI  - II.-Prickle-celled Carcinoma of Rectum.

PMID- 19991982
TI  - Serum and Vaccine Therapy in Combination with Sulphanilamide or M and B 693:
      (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991983
TI  - The Effects of Injection of Pituitary Extract Immediately after Delivery:
      (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991984
TI  - On the Effects of Pituitary Extract (Posterior Lobe) in the Third Stage of
      Labour: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991985
TI  - The Effects of Injections of Pituitary Extract Immediately after Delivery:
      (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991987
TI  - The Elimination of the Breech Presentation from Private Practice: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991986
TI  - Effective Methods of Using Oxytocic Drugs in Post-Partum Haemorrhage: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19991988
TI  - The Epidemiology of Jaundice: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19991989
TI  - The Significance of Anoxaemia in Modern Psychiatric Treatment: (Section of
      Psychiatry).
AB  - Blood in its passage through the brain loses oxygen and glucose at relatively
      high rates, the amount of oxygen disappearing being approximately equivalent to
      the amount of glucose consumed, calculating on the basis that the sugar is
      completely oxidized. The respiratory quotient of brain in vivo is unity. These
      facts point to the dominance of carbohydrate oxidation in brain respiration in
      vivo and are similar to those found in studies of brain in vitro.Various factors
      influence glucose oxidation in brain, e.g. changes in the ionic environment of
      the cells, vitamin B(1), or the presence of narcotics. The latter bring about
      inhibitions of glucose oxidation in brain tissue which may in most cases be shown
      to be reversible in vitro. Glucose is not only important for the maintenance of
      respiration of brain but for enabling certain synthetic processes to occur. One
      of these is the formation of acetylcholine whose physiological significance is
      now well known and whose synthesis seems to be confined to the nervous system.
      This synthesis depends not only on the presence of glucose but on that of oxygen.
      The influence of glucose has been observed also in investigations on cortical
      potentials.An important feature of the nerve cell is its vulnerability to the
      lack of oxygen. Reversibility depends on the degree and duration of the
      anoxaemia.During insulin shock treatment studies of brain in vivo show lowered
      oxygen consumption and glucose utilization, these depending on the degree of
      hypoglycaemia. In cardiazol treatment, in vivo studies show that the oxygen
      content of the blood may fall to 42%. During the convulsion there is a greatly
      lowered arterial and venous blood-flow through the brain and cerebral anaemia
      becomes a marked feature. In narcosis treatment both in vitro and in vivo studies
      show a diminished ability of the brain to consume oxygen.It is suggested that the
      most significant facts to be taken into account are (1) the importance of glucose
      and oxygen for the metabolism and function of the nervous system, (2) the
      vulnerability and varying sensitivities of nerve cells to lack of oxygen and
      glucose, (3) the occurrence of varying degrees of cerebral anoxaemia in narcosis,
      insulin and cardiazol treatments.

PMID- 19991990
TI  - Coma Resistance and Adrenalaemia in the Insulin Treatment of Schizophrenia:
      (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19991991
TI  - The Treatment of the Incompletely Descended Testis: (Section of Urology).
AB  - (1) Under three years of age the diagnosis of the incompletely descended testis
      is uncertain.(2) The policy of awaiting spontaneous descent may be pursued until
      10 years of age but, unless the testis lies in the superior scrotal position,
      this policy should not be persisted in thereafter.(3) Hormonal therapy may be
      employed before operative treatment as a means of determining testes which will
      descend spontaneously. It should only be used in the prepuberty period.(4)
      Operative treatment may be safely carried out at any age after 3 years and should
      be completed before puberty. The optimum period is between 8 and 11 years. The
      Bevan operation may be successful when the testis is very mobile but the most
      consistent results are obtained by the septal transposition or Keetley-Torek
      operations.

PMID- 19991993
TI  - Persistent Hyaloid Artery in an Aphakic Eye.

PMID- 19991992
TI  - Jaw-winking (Marcus Gunn Phenomenon).

PMID- 19991994
TI  - Foreign Body free in the Globe.

PMID- 19991995
TI  - Effect of Hypoglosso-facial Anastomosis on Closure of Eye in a Case of Facial
      Palsy.

PMID- 19991996
TI  - Senile Macular Exudative Retinitis.

PMID- 19991998
TI  - Acute Uveitis: Second Eye affected 16 Years after the First.

PMID- 19991997
TI  - Double Congenital Cataract involving the Infantile Nucleus.

PMID- 19991999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19992000
TI  - Eales' Disease.

PMID- 19992001
TI  - An Operative Technique for Retinal Detachment: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992002
TI  - Prevention of Industrial Eye Injuries: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992003
TI  - Surgery in Diabetic Patients: (Sections of Surgery, Medicine and Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992004
TI  - Kaposi's Idiopathic Multiple Pigment Sarcoma.

PMID- 19992005
TI  - Lichen Planus Atrophicus.

PMID- 19992006
TI  - Local Diffuse Myxoedema-like Area over Shin.

PMID- 19992007
TI  - Rosacea-like Type of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 19992008
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19992009
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19992011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19992010
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19992012
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Localized Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19992013
TI  - Lichen Amyloidosus.

PMID- 19992014
TI  - Lichen Spinulosus and Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19992016
TI  - Lymphatic Leukaemia with Skin Deposits.

PMID- 19992015
TI  - Lichen Pilaris Seu Spinulosus.

PMID- 19992017
TI  - Jundi Shapur-A Sassanian University: (Section of History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992018
TI  - Naso-Palatine Cyst.

PMID- 19992019
TI  - Large Granuloma of Mandible.

PMID- 19992020
TI  - Osteoclastoma of Mandible.

PMID- 19992021
TI  - Osteitis Fibrosa of Left Superior Maxilla.

PMID- 19992022
TI  - Osteitis Fibrosa of Left Upper Jaw Involving Base of Skull. Osteitis Deformans of
      Spine.

PMID- 19992023
TI  - The Histology and Histopathology of the Dental Innervation: (Section of
      Odontology).
AB  - The presence of a perivascular neural plexus in the periodontal membrane suggests
      that the dental structures have both sensory and autonomic nerve supply. The
      fibres described by Mummery are unaffected by section of the inferior dental
      nerve although there is marked degeneration in all demonstrable nerves. Nerve
      fibres have been observed describing simple and complex looping in the
      odontogenetic zone and others which, running tangentially between the odontoblast
      layer and the dentine, form a very definite nerve plexus. Attached to these nerve
      fibres are numerous round or pear-shaped bodies which may be either nerve-cells
      or end-organs. Definite nerve-fibres have been traced into the dentine. The
      convoluted forms described by growing nerve-fibres approaching transplanted teeth
      did not resemble the nerve-loops previously reported in the periodontal membrane
      of monkey and man. Plexiform nerve-fibres have been seen in the gum of the cat
      and varicose nerve-fibres in the gum of the sheep. In man, intra-epithelial
      fibres have been observed which pass from the intra-papillary neural coils to
      terminate near the surface of the epithelium in knob-like endings. No abnormality
      of innervation has been found in supernumerary teeth and teeth from cleft
      palates, dentigerous and ovarian cysts, and in the pulps of denticles from
      compound odontomes. Since there is no difference in the innervation of
      heterogenous and autogenous tooth-germ transplants, whether of normal or abnormal
      form, it would seem that abnormalities of form are not due to abnormal
      innervation. The development and degeneration of the peripheral nerves and the
      changes produced in the dental innervation by local and general disease in man
      and experimental animals are described and discussed.

PMID- 19992025
TI  - Recent Advances in the Treatment Of Pneumonia: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992024
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Innervation of the Gum: (Section of Odontology).
AB  - In this paper we give a comparative study of the innervation of the connective
      tissues of the gum underlying the epithelium. Our material was taken from
      carnivores, rodents, insectivores and men. The fibres form superficial and deep
      plexuses and leashes, and specialized nerve-endings are also present. The types
      of specialized nerve-endings seen have been:-(1) Coils which are situated either
      in the intra-papillary zone of the deeper connective tissue.(2) Ruffini-like
      nerve-endings and convoluted fibres the presence of which in the gum has not been
      previously described.

PMID- 19992026
TI  - Results of the Treatment of 400 Cases of Lobar Pneumonia with M & B 693: (Section
      of Medicine).

PMID- 19992027
TI  - The Treatment of Malaria in a Military Population with the Synthetic
      Preparations: (United Services Section).

PMID- 19992028
TI  - Experience with Synthetic Drugs in the Treatment of Malaria: (United Services
      Section).

PMID- 19992030
TI  - Tumours of the Lateral and of the 3rd Ventricles: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992029
TI  - Malignant Disease of the Ear (excluding the Pinna): (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992031
TI  - Radiotherapy of Intracranial Tumours with Special Reference to Treatment of
      Pituitary Tumours: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992032
TI  - Megacolon: (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992034
TI  - Case of Glomerulonephritis eleven years after double Edebohl's Operation.

PMID- 19992033
TI  - Kymography: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19992036
TI  - Dictyocytic Reticulosarcoma.

PMID- 19992035
TI  - Polyuria of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19992037
TI  - Familial Hepatitis and Chronic Jaundice: (Section for the Study of Disease in
      Children).
AB  - The author reports the history of a family of six children, of whom two, the
      eldest and the fifth, are normal; three died, a boy when 6 months old and two
      girls when 9 and 10 years old, from the same familial disease that also attacked
      another boy now 7 years old. The essential features of this disease are
      hypertrophy of both liver and spleen, chronic icterus with evidence of salts and
      bile-pigments in the blood and urine, retardation of physical, mental, and sexual
      development, slight deafness in one case and clubbing of the fingers in another.
      This condition is a good example of biliary cirrhosis of the liver.After
      reviewing recent French observations, the author recalls the large contribution
      of English authors on the subject.HE THEN DISTINGUISHES THREE TYPES OF FAMILIAL
      CIRRHOSIS: Laennec's type with enlarged liver, the type of splenomegalic
      anascitic and anicteric cirrhosis, resembling Banti's syndrome, and the commonest
      type or biliary cirrhosis.The author describes particular histological lesions,
      and when dealing with differential diagnoses, excludes dyslipoidic, polycoric,
      and other acquired cirrhosis in children. He then summarizes the relationships
      between this disease and the obstructive cirrhosis to a congenital defect of the
      bile-ducts, the cirrhosis in young Indians, the syndrome of hepatic lenticular
      degeneration, and the syndrome of cirrhosis of the liver combined with
      haemangiomatosis. Finally, after recalling the close analogy of the condition
      with renal dwarfism, the author shows how the interpretation of these
      relationships may throw light on the pathogenesis of various progressive
      congenital diseases.

PMID- 19992038
TI  - Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19992039
TI  - The History of Clinical Medicine (Principally of Clinical Teaching) in the
      British Isles: (Section of History of Medicine and Clinical Section).

PMID- 19992040
TI  - Town and Country Planning: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19992041
TI  - Familial Hepatitis: (Section for the Study of Disease in Children).

PMID- 19992042
TI  - Subdural Haematoma.

PMID- 19992043
TI  - Case of Kernicterus.

PMID- 19992044
TI  - Diabetes Insipidus Treated by slowly acting Pituitary Emulsion.

PMID- 19992045
TI  - Pneumococcal Meningitis Refractory to M & B 693.

PMID- 19992047
TI  - On the Danger of Willett's Forceps in Placenta Praevia with Two Illustrative
      Cases: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992046
TI  - Gonococcal Ophthalmia and Bursitis.

PMID- 19992048
TI  - Full-time Ectopic Pregnancy: Child now Aged 11 years.

PMID- 19992049
TI  - The Diagnostic Value of Hysterography: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).
AB  - Object of paper.-Clarification of position concerning clinical value of
      procedure. Conflicting views. Review of routine examination of all cases
      investigated during the past two years.Historical.-Suggested by Cary (1914) and
      Rubin (1915), made practicable by the invention of lipiodol-applied Heuser
      (1924).Technique.-Instruments employed, anaesthesia, X-ray figures,
      screening.Material.-Uterine fibroids and carcinomas, extra-uterine tumours and
      cysts, placental remains and polypi, moles, &c. Correlation with operative
      results.Physiology.-Normal shapes, sizes, and positions. Pseudo filling-defects
      and malformations.Pathology.-Appearances in various conditions. Correlation with
      specimens and radiography of same. Fallacies and contradictions.Conclusions.
      Method of value in diagnosis of placental remains may avoid diagnostic curettage
      in carcinoma of body; by localization of fibromata may allow of prediction of
      myomectomy, &c. But fallacies numerous and much more experience required to make
      diagnosis so accurate as to be of much real routine value.

PMID- 19992050
TI  - The Birth of Quadruplets: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992051
TI  - The Factors Influencing the Attitude of the Foetus in utero: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992052
TI  - The Effects of Stilboestrol on Labour: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992054
TI  - Cardiospasm.

PMID- 19992053
TI  - Persistent Menstruation Until 71, Associated with Ovarian Tumour.

PMID- 19992055
TI  - Carcinoma of Larynx.

PMID- 19992056
TI  - Laryngitis:? Tuberculous.

PMID- 19992057
TI  - Swelling of the Palate in a Woman aged 59.

PMID- 19992058
TI  - Fracture of the Thyroid Cartilage.

PMID- 19992059
TI  - The Complications of Intranasal Surgery: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19992060
TI  - Plastic Surgery in Relation to the Eye: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992061
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Arteriovenous Communication.? Angiomatosis of the Retina.

PMID- 19992062
TI  - Congenital Abnormality of Iris.

PMID- 19992063
TI  - Retinal Freckles.

PMID- 19992064
TI  - Retinal Freckles in Left Eye with Fine Retinal Pigmentary Disturbance: Melanoma
      of Right Eye.

PMID- 19992065
TI  - Multiple Cysts of Retina.? Choroidal Sarcoma.

PMID- 19992066
TI  - The Plasma Phosphatase in Jaundice in Children: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992067
TI  - Porphyrins and Their Relation to the Metabolism of Blood Pigments: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992068
TI  - Porphyrin Excretion following Antipyretics: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992069
TI  - Methaemalbumin in Man (Pseudo-methaemoglobin): (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992070
TI  - Routine Treatment of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992071
TI  - The Otologist's Part in the Investigation of Brain Lesions: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992072
TI  - "Chronic Adhesive Process" Deafness operated on by Sourdille's Procedure.

PMID- 19992073
TI  - Leiomyoma of Urinary Bladder.

PMID- 19992074
TI  - Three Cases of Bilateral Simultaneous Transplantation of Both Ureters into the
      Large Bowel.

PMID- 19992075
TI  - Renal Purpura.

PMID- 19992076
TI  - Papillomatosis of Left Renal Pelvis and Ureter Following Left Renal Calculus.

PMID- 19992077
TI  - Two Cases of Intra-epidermal Carcinoma of the Penis.

PMID- 19992078
TI  - Retroperitoneal Tumour.

PMID- 19992079
TI  - Retroperitoneal Cyst.

PMID- 19992080
TI  - The Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Ureteric Calculi: (Section of
      Surgery).

PMID- 19992081
TI  - The Clinical and Surgical Aspects of Thoracic Neoplasms: (Clinical Section and
      Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992082
TI  - Chronic Meningococcal Septicaemia, with old Hemiplegia.

PMID- 19992083
TI  - Enlarged Abdomen.? Hepatomegaly.

PMID- 19992084
TI  - Pachymeningitis Interna Haemorrhagica.

PMID- 19992085
TI  - Multiple Tuberculous Osteitis.

PMID- 19992086
TI  - Case of Scleredema Adultorum (Buschke).

PMID- 19992087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19992088
TI  - Tuberculosis of Knee.

PMID- 19992089
TI  - Meningocele.

PMID- 19992090
TI  - Extroversion of the Bladder.

PMID- 19992091
TI  - Achalasia of Cardia with Gross OEsophagus.

PMID- 19992092
TI  - Congestive Heart Failure treated by Complete Thyroidectomy: Result after Four
      Years.

PMID- 19992093
TI  - Coronary Thrombosis: with Kymographs.

PMID- 19992094
TI  - Result of Resection of Mandible for Cyst with Immediate Bone-Graft.

PMID- 19992095
TI  - Two Cases of Complete Removal of Parotid Gland for Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19992096
TI  - Addison's Disease treated by Adrenal Grafting.

PMID- 19992097
TI  - Incontinence of Urine treated by Gracilis Graft.

PMID- 19992098
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the Hips associated with Coxa Plana.

PMID- 19992099
TI  - Osteoarthritis of Hips.

PMID- 19992101
TI  - Two Cases of Infective Arthritis of the Hips.

PMID- 19992100
TI  - Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome.

PMID- 19992102
TI  - Enormous Intrapleural Pneumatocele in an Adult: Successful Removal.

PMID- 19992104
TI  - Tumour of Abdominal Wall: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19992103
TI  - Cretinism in a Child of 6 Years.

PMID- 19992105
TI  - Telangiectatic Dysplasia of the Rendu-Osler Type and De Morgan Spots. (To
      illustrate the nature of "Dysplastic Pseudo-tumours").

PMID- 19992106
TI  - A Type of Progressive, Diffuse, more or less Symmetrical, Telangiectatic
      Dysplasia.

PMID- 19992107
TI  - Two Cases of Arborescent Telangiectasia treated by Grenz Rays.

PMID- 19992108
TI  - Macular Telangiectasia: Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19992109
TI  - Capillary Naevus treated by Grenz Rays.

PMID- 19992110
TI  - Sugar Metabolism and Insulin Therapy in Acne Vulgaris.

PMID- 19992111
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Lichen Planus of Lip.

PMID- 19992112
TI  - Pringle's Disease (with Sections).

PMID- 19992113
TI  - Granuloma Annulare.

PMID- 19992114
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis.

PMID- 19992115
TI  - Infections of Wild Animals with Tubercle Bacilli and other Acid-fast Bacilli:
      (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992116
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 19992118
TI  - Neurofibromatosis, associated with Multiple Bony Swellings.

PMID- 19992117
TI  - Chronic Tetanus.

PMID- 19992120
TI  - Polyneuritis resembling Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Cord.

PMID- 19992121
TI  - Unusual Cortical Potentials in a Case of Porencephaly.

PMID- 19992119
TI  - Acute Syphilitic Meningitis Occurring During Treatment.

PMID- 19992122
TI  - Identical Twins, one suffering from Petit Mal, both with Abnormal Electro
      encephalogram.

PMID- 19992124
TI  - Paget's Disease with Paraplegia.

PMID- 19992123
TI  - Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia with Paraplegia.

PMID- 19992125
TI  - Secondary Carcinoma of Spine treated by Deep X-rays.

PMID- 19992126
TI  - Simple Ulcer of the OEsophagus and Short OEsophagus: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992127
TI  - Autonomic Imbalance and Borderline States of Thyrotoxicosis: (Section of
      Medicine).
AB  - Primary thyrotoxicosis may be regarded as having two main components-thyroid
      overactivity or dysfunction, and instability of the autonomic nervous system.
      Clinical observation suggests that the proportion of each component varies in
      individual cases. Results of treatment show that the larger the thyroid element
      the greater is the benefit of thyroidectomy or X-ray therapy, and the fewer the
      subsequent residual signs. When nervous instability predominates less relief is
      obtained by surgery or X-rays, and symptoms may be little changed or even made
      worse by the addition of hypothyroidism.Cases in which nervous instability
      predominates, with minimal thyroid dysfunction, have been termed "autonomic
      imbalance", "neurocirculatory asthenia", or "Basedow's disease with no
      thyrotoxicosis".Thirteen such cases are described, all of which were females,
      with average age of 32 years. 9 had enlarged thyroids, 11 complained of
      palpitations, and 8 of excessive sweating.The basal metabolic rate, estimated in
      8 cases, did not exceed +10%. There was some loss of weight in 6 cases, but in
      none was the appetite increased. The average diurnal pulse-rate did not exceed 95
      and sleeping pulse was significantly lower. X-rays of heart, taken in 6 cases,
      were normal. Psychological troubles in 6 cases. Three cases treated by X-ray
      therapy and I surgically with no benefit. Remaining 10 cases treated medically
      with improvement. The group is ill-defined and requires further investigation of
      cause and treatment.The recognition of autonomic imbalance is important in order
      to avoid useless thyroidectomy or X-ray therapy, and encourage more extended use
      of psychotherapy. Investigation of its cause may yield information of value in
      the aetiological problem of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 19992129
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Frontal Bone: (Section of Laryngology and Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19992128
TI  - Leukopenic Myelosis: (Section of Medicine).
AB  - The term "leukopenic myelosis" is used to describe a type of "myeloblastic
      leukaemia" in which the leukocyte content of the peripheral blood is subnormal
      for the whole or the greater part of the course of the disease. Separation from
      the frankly leukaemic cases is made only on the grounds of clinico-haematological
      convenience.Twenty-two cases have been seen in the past four years. The age
      incidence varied from 3-73 years; 10 were in males and 12 in females. Acute,
      subacute, and chronic types may be recognized. In all the main characteristic is
      a progressive anaemia; in acute cases haemorrhagic phenomena and necrotic angina
      are common.The blood-count is characterized by orthochromic or hyperchromic
      anaemia, sometimes with reticulocytosis and erythroblastosis. Leukopenia may
      persist throughout the course, or a terminal leukaemia may occur-especially in
      the chronic cases. The features of the differential count are the presence of
      myeloblasts-although the percentage may be below 5%-and the hiatus leukaemicus.
      Thrombocytopenia usually means a rapid course.This clinico-haematological picture
      may be mimicked more or less closely by pernicious anaemia, aplastic anaemia,
      agranulocytosis, and the leuko-erythroblastic anaemias. The sternal puncture
      findings are, however, diagnostic, and show a great preponderance of primitive
      myeloid cells, most frequently with a predomincnce of myeloblasts. In two cases
      evidence was found that the erythropoietic tissues shared in the hyperplasia.

PMID- 19992130
TI  - The Pathology of Tumours of the Urinary Tract: (Section of Radiology).
AB  - Attention is called to the difference between the pathologist's and the
      radiologist's point of view. The reasons for this difference are discussed with
      special emphasis on renal tumours.Classification of renal tumours. The first main
      groups are innocent and malignant. Are these really clear-cut or do they blend
      into one another? The commoner innocent renal tumours are adenoma, fibroma,
      myoma, lipoma, and angioma. These are rarely of any clinical importance but
      adenoma is a possible source of hypernephroma. Many elaborate classifications of
      cancer of the kidney have been proposed but the following four groups are
      sufficient for most puposes: Carcinoma, hypernephroma, sarcoma, and teratoid
      tumours.Much the commonest malignant renal tumour in adults is the hypernephroma,
      thought by Grawitz and others to be derived from ectopic adrenal rests. There is
      still no agreement concerning their origin but three views are held at the
      present time: (a) All are carcinoma of renal tubules. (b) Some are derived from
      renal tubules and some from ectopic adrenal. (c) All are formed from adrenal
      tissue. These views are discussed with special reference to material in St.
      Mary's Hospital Museum, and it is suggested that the first view is the most
      probable although the second cannot be excluded.The teratoid tumours are the
      commonest in infants and swine. The differences between them and hypernephromata
      are described. The renal Pelvis, ureter, and bladder all have tumours of the same
      type and can conveniently be considered together. Connective tissue tumours, both
      innocent and malignant, are very rare. Papilloma and carcinoma are rare in the
      pelvis and ureter, but commoner in the bladder. The relation between these two
      tumours is discussed.

PMID- 19992131
TI  - The Radiological Diagnosis of Neoplasms of the Urinary Tract: (Section of
      Radiology).
AB  - THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE RADIOLOGIST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY TRACT
      NEOPLASMS ARE DISCUSSED: a strong plea is made for the routine use of pyelography
      in all cases in which renal tumour is suspected, and it is suggested that too
      much reliance is placed on the excretion method alone.FROM THE RADIOLOGICAL
      VIEWPOINT, RENAL TUMOURS MAY BE CONSIDERED IN THE FOLLOWING THREE GROUPS: (1)
      Parencymal tumours. (2) Tumours of renal pelvis. (3) Extrarenal tumours
      resembling renal tumours on clinical examination.The radiological signs which may
      be found in each group are described in detail, including the signs from plain
      radiography, instrumental pyelography, and excretion urography.The significance
      of non-excretion in small renal tumours receives attention. It is suggested that
      this is a sign of renal vein neoplastic thrombosis.The characteristics of osseous
      metastases from carcinoma of the kidney are considered with illustrative
      examples.Neoplasms of the ureter and their differential diagnosis are considered.

PMID- 19992133
TI  - Haemorrhagic Purpura (Essential Thrombocytopenia) as a Complication of Excision
      of the Rectum: (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992132
TI  - Some Problems in the Surgery of Old Age: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992134
TI  - Ossification in Rectal Cancer: (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992135
TI  - Intestinal Diverticula: (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992136
TI  - Treatment of Partial Prolapse of the Rectum by Perirectal Injections of Sylnasol:
      (Section of Surgery: Sub-Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992137
TI  - Chronic Para-Anal Ulceration (Abstract).

PMID- 19992138
TI  - Anaesthetic Problems in Urology: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992139
TI  - Radiotherapy in Urology: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992140
TI  - Ancient Pregnancy Tests in the Light of Contemporary Knowledge: (Section of
      History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992141
TI  - The Assessment of Physical Fitness: (Section of Medicine and United Services
      Section).

PMID- 19992142
TI  - Observations on an Epidemic of Cerebrospinal Meningitis in Cyprus and the Record
      of a Prophylactic Experiment: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).
AB  - After a lapse of twenty-five years cerebrospinal meningitis appeared again in
      epidemic from during 1936-37.A prophylactic inoculation experiment was undertaken
      during the autumn of 1937, a few months before the second epidemic season was due
      to begin.Season 1936-37-836 cases-284 deaths.Season 1937-38 (after inoculation)
      298 cases-81 deaths.Season 1938-39-122 cases-51 deaths (to end of May,
      1939).During the second season conditions were suitable for the continuance of
      the epidemic. We do not think that we obtained a false result by inoculating on a
      waning epidemic. Our results are inconclusive because owing to the sharp decline
      in the morbidity neither control nor inoculated groups were fully at risk. But
      our results are good enough to recommend a further trial of prophylaxis in future
      epidemics. The percentage of the population inoculated is an important factor.
      The aim should be 100%.The experiment should aim at controlling not only the
      meningococcal carrier rate but also the general catarrh rate. We suggest that the
      rapid passage of the meningoccocus in association with an epidemic of
      nasopharyngeal catarrh raises the virulence of the meningococcus.As the
      opportunity of a second experience in the prevention of cerebrospinal meningitis
      by prophylactic inoculation seldom occurs to an individual, we take this chance
      of making recommendations for guiding future experiments.

PMID- 19992143
TI  - Leukaemia with Nodules in the Skin.

PMID- 19992144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19992145
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Phenolphthalein Eruption.

PMID- 19992146
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19992147
TI  - Case or Diagnosis:? Dermatomyositis simulating Acrosclerosis.

PMID- 19992148
TI  - Case for Diagnosis:? Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19992149
TI  - Striae Atrophicae.? Dyspituitarism.

PMID- 19992150
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa of the Acquired Type.

PMID- 19992151
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19992152
TI  - Pigmentary Dermatosis.

PMID- 19992153
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19992154
TI  - Atypical Psoriasis of Axillae, with a Remarkable Family History of Psoriasis.

PMID- 19992155
TI  - Naevus Unius Lateris of the Verrucosus and Hystrix Types.

PMID- 19992156
TI  - Trichotillomania.

PMID- 19992157
TI  - "White Spot Disease".

PMID- 19992158
TI  - Xanthomata.

PMID- 19992159
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa.

PMID- 19992160
TI  - Harara (Urticaria Multiformis Endemica).

PMID- 19992162
TI  - Utero-Abdominal Fistula in a Young Woman: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992161
TI  - A Case of Mistaken Diagnosis of Malignancy in an Ovarian Cyst: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992163
TI  - Pelvic Osteo-arthropathy of Pregnancy: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).
AB  - Excessive relaxation of the pelvic joints during pregnancy has as its chief
      symptoms chronic backache and locomotor disturbances. Goldthwait and others have
      for long drawn attention to the frequent part played by softening of the sacro
      iliac joint structures in the production of the common backache of pregnancy. The
      frequency of this symptom may be gauged by the fact that 114 women out of a
      successive series of 3,030 cases at the antenatal clinic, or 3.7%, suffered in
      such a degree as to lead them to call for treatment. In 69, or 60.5%, the pain
      commenced before the 28th week, whilst in the remaining 45 or 39.5%, it commenced
      later.

PMID- 19992164
TI  - The Effect of the Inclination of the Pelvic Brim and the Shape and Inclination of
      the Upper Sacrum on the Passage of the Head through the Upper Pelvis: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).
AB  - Engagement of the Head does not depend only on the size and shape of the brim,
      but also on the angle of inclination of the brim. The methods of determining this
      inclination are considered and the angle between the plane of the brim and the
      front of the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra is found to furnish the best index
      of the inclination. Analysis of a series of cases shows that this angle varies
      considerably. Its postural range is demonstrated.When the inclination is high the
      head does not easily engage although the measurements may be normal, and a high
      inclination is one of the commonest causes of unexpected dystocia.Because these
      cases are usually selected for a "trial of labour", criteria are necessary to
      select the cases suitable. Success or failure of trial labour in these cases
      depends on the amount of room in the upper pelvis. A part from the actual size of
      the true conjugate the amount of room is shown to depend both on the sacral
      inclination, a method of measuring which is described, and the shape of the upper
      sacrum, which shows considerable vriation. A common type of pelvis causing
      dystocia is one in which the inclination of the brim is high and the upper sacrum
      is relatively vertical and convex. Pelves of this type do not always fit into any
      of the standard classifications.The uses and limitations of postural treatment of
      these cases are discussed.

PMID- 19992165
TI  - A Case of Bilateral Keratitis and Cyclitis Due to Filaria (Onchocerca volvulus)
      Infection in a European from Kenya: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992166
TI  - Ear Disease in the Child: (Section of Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19992167
TI  - The Ascertainment of Deafness and Ear Disease in children: (Section of Otology
      and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19992168
TI  - The Position of the Portmann Operation in Relation to Labyrinthine Vertigo:
      (Section of Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19992169
TI  - On the Histological Changes in the Temporal Bones of a Case of Meniere's Disease:
      (Section of Otology and Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19992170
TI  - Late Results of Conservative Treatment of Hydronephrosis: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992171
TI  - Protruded Intervertebral Disc (Fibrocartilage): (Section of Orthopaedics and
      Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992172
TI  - W. H. Gaskell and the Cambridge Medical School: (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992173
TI  - The Organization of Hospital Services for Casualties due to the Bombing of
      Cities, Based on Experience Gained in Barcelona-with Special Reference to the
      Classification of Casualties: (Section of Orthopaedics).
AB  - (1) Difference between modern "total population" war and old-fashioned war.
      Difference between bombing of (a) military objectives and (b) civilian
      population.(a) The heavy bomb, e.g. 750 lb., with large fragments, upward throw,
      great destruction of buildings.(b) The light bomb with finger nail fragments,
      horizontal throw, great velocity.There is in addition the incendiary bomb, little
      used in Barcelona because the buildings are built of stone and concrete.(2)
      Aerial bombing of a town produces injuries needing more immediate hospitalization
      than most front-line wounds. At the same time it is possible in a town to
      organize rapid collection of patients and their immediate transfer to
      hospital.(3) Experience shows that it is most desirable to make this transfer of
      patients to hospital a primary consideration. On arrival they are "sorted" and
      minor injuries are given First Aid treatment and sent home, others are fully
      examined, classified, and dispatched to the theatres on a priority list, to
      nearby wards for resuscitation, to wards for rest, or sent on to plaster rooms
      for splintage, or to a neurosurgical centre.(4) First-aid posts in a town should
      be in hospitals and treat superficial injuries, &c., after primary sorting in the
      hospital reception room.(5) First-aid posts in outlying areas should carry out
      the same function for the same type of cases; all the more seriously wounded,
      including those with tiny penetrating wounds, should be dispatched without first
      aid treatment direct to hospital.(6) Hospital arrangements, for circulation of
      ambulances, for sorting, undressing of patients, docketing of valuables, &c.(7)
      Classification must be carried out by surgeons of experience and judgment. They
      must regard not only a standard priority list but the particular clinical picture
      and prognosis in each case.(8) The surgeon will furthermore draft the cases with
      regard to the special abilities of the surgical units available, e.g. chest,
      abdomen, or limbs.(9) Review of wounds in limbs, chest, abdomen, and head, caused
      by fragments from heavy bombs or by splinters from small light bombs.(10)
      Injuries from falling masonry.(11) Standard classification by urgency of
      operation.(12) Classification re possible early evacuation.

PMID- 19992174
TI  - Yesterday and To-day in Children's Anaesthesia: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992175
TI  - The Teeth of the Australian Aborigines: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992177
TI  - The Treatment of War Fractures by the Closed Method: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992176
TI  - On Injuries to the Brain and their Sequelae: (United Services Section).

PMID- 19992178
TI  - Foot-Gear: (Section of Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19992179
TI  - Sigmund Freud: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992180
TI  - Status Lymphaticus: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992182
TI  - Syphilis as seen by the Aural Surgeon: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992181
TI  - Latent Virus Infections and Their Possible Relevance to the Cancer Problem:
      (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992183
TI  - Pharmacy and Pharmacology: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992184
TI  - Antiseptics and Chemotherapy: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992185
TI  - The Old English Medical Vocabulary: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992186
TI  - Philip Syng Physick, 1768-1837: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992187
TI  - Simplifications of Technique in Some Joint Operations: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992188
TI  - Intra-medullary Kirschner Wires in the Treatment of Fractures: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992189
TI  - Treatment of Ununited Fractures by Bone Grafting without Resection of the Bone
      Ends: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992191
TI  - Myokinetic Psychodiagnosis: A New Technique of Exploring the Conative Trends of
      Personality: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992190
TI  - Nervous Affections in Man and Animals: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992192
TI  - The Transmeatal Approach to the Mastoid: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992193
TI  - The Radiological Diagnosis of Chronic Subdural Haematoma: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992194
TI  - Gas Injuries to the Eye: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992196
TI  - Extra-abdominal Resection of the Colon: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992195
TI  - Audiometric Tests and the Capacity to Hear Speech: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992197
TI  - Electrically Induced Convulsions: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992198
TI  - The Clinical Applications of Electrically Induced Convulsions: (Section of
      Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992200
TI  - Premedication: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992199
TI  - Preliminary Observations on the Use of Convalescent Serum in the Treatment of
      Acute Rheumatism: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992202
TI  - Cholecystitis: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19992201
TI  - Nephro-Ureterectomy: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992203
TI  - The Treatment of Metastases: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19992204
TI  - Xanthoma Diabeticorum with Lipodystrophia.

PMID- 19992205
TI  - Fractured Lumber Vertebrae.

PMID- 19992206
TI  - Sclerodermia with Involvement of Muscles.

PMID- 19992207
TI  - Idiopathic Lymphoedema.

PMID- 19992208
TI  - Chronic Purpura following Rheumatic Fever.

PMID- 19992210
TI  - Acrocyanosis, Hyperpiesis, and Multiple Arthritis.

PMID- 19992209
TI  - Chronic Purpura, with Orthostatic Factor, following Trauma.

PMID- 19992211
TI  - Congenital Megacolon treated by High Spinal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19992212
TI  - Spasm of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19992213
TI  - Cyst of the Left Iliac Bone.

PMID- 19992215
TI  - The Prognosis and Treatment of Hyperpiesia: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992214
TI  - Cystic Disease of the Lung: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992216
TI  - The Indications for Removal of Tonsils and Adenoids in Children: (Section of
      Laryngology).

PMID- 19992217
TI  - Salmonella Infections: (Section of Comparative Medicine with Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19992218
TI  - Marasmus treated by Breast-Milk.

PMID- 19992219
TI  - Anaemia with Splenomegaly.

PMID- 19992220
TI  - Pfeiffer's Meningitis.

PMID- 19992221
TI  - Tetanus Secondary to a Nasal Lesion.

PMID- 19992222
TI  - The Problems of the Evacuee Child: (Section for the Study of Disease in
      Children).

PMID- 19992223
TI  - The X-ray Examination of Enamel: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992224
TI  - Evacuation: Some Epidemiological Observations on the First Four Months: (Section
      of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19992225
TI  - Recurrent Tumour in a Case of a Sarcofibroid of the Small Intestine, removed in
      1937.

PMID- 19992226
TI  - Carcinoma of the Breast.

PMID- 19992227
TI  - Steatorrhoea with Radiological Changes in Vertebrae.

PMID- 19992228
TI  - Four Cases of Familial Endocrinopathy.

PMID- 19992229
TI  - Rheumatoid Type of Arthritis (Still's Disease) Treated by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19992230
TI  - Chronic Splenomegaly of Uncertain Causation.

PMID- 19992231
TI  - Ulcer in Connexion with Congenital Keloid of Leg, treated with Abdominal Tubed
      Pedicle Graft.

PMID- 19992232
TI  - Reactions Induced by Intradermal Injection of Rheumatic Joint Fluid:
      Neutralization by Convalescent Sera: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992234
TI  - Extrasellar Extensions of Pituitary Adenomas: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992233
TI  - Prophylactic Inoculation Against Whooping-Cough: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992237
TI  - Trotula and the Ladies of Salerno: A Contribution to the Knowledge of the
      Transition between Ancient and Mediaeval Physick (Abridged): (Section of the
      History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992235
TI  - Further Clinical Observations on the Nature and Treatment of Meniere's Disease:
      (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992236
TI  - Functional Deafness: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992238
TI  - The Indications for Oxygen Therapy and Methods of Administration: (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992239
TI  - Induction of Fertility by the Injection of Gonadotrophic Preparations: (Section
      of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992240
TI  - The Effect of Antiseptics on Wounds: (Section of Pathology).

PMID- 19992241
TI  - Some Observations on a Pressor Principle in the Urine of Hyperpietics: (Section
      of Medicine).

PMID- 19992243
TI  - Bilateral Retrobulbar Neuritis.

PMID- 19992242
TI  - Stenosis of the Aqueduct of Sylvius: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992244
TI  - Tarsectomy of all four Lids for Trachoma (with slides).

PMID- 19992246
TI  - Jaw-Winking.

PMID- 19992245
TI  - ? Heerfordt's Uveoparotitis.

PMID- 19992247
TI  - Melanosis of the Sclera.

PMID- 19992248
TI  - For Diagnosis.? Malignant Melanoma of the Choroid.

PMID- 19992250
TI  - Film illustrating Gunn's Syndrome.

PMID- 19992249
TI  - Traumatic Asphyxia with Optic Atrophy.

PMID- 19992252
TI  - A Case of Congenital Abnormality of the Uterus.

PMID- 19992251
TI  - Some Investigations on the Treatment of Sterility: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992253
TI  - The Surgical Treatment of Angina Pectoris: (Section of Medicine and Section of
      Surgery).

PMID- 19992254
TI  - Malignant Change in a Case of Melanosis of the Conjunctiva: (Section of
      Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992256
TI  - Modern Methods in the Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fever: (Section of Therapeutics
      and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992257
TI  - A Critical Review of Recent Histological and Other Researches on (a) Nasmyth's
      Membrane; (b) Enamel Structure and Formation; (c) The Entrance of Nerves into the
      Dentine: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992258
TI  - Connective Tissue Naevus.

PMID- 19992255
TI  - Binocular Loupes: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992259
TI  - Congenital Atrophy with Reticular Pigmentation.

PMID- 19992260
TI  - Case for Diagnosis (Persistent Erythema).

PMID- 19992262
TI  - Angiomatosis.

PMID- 19992261
TI  - Lichen Plano-pilaris.? Bismuth Eruption.

PMID- 19992263
TI  - ? Granuloma Annulare,? Lupus Vulgaris (Case for Diagnosis).

PMID- 19992266
TI  - Civatte's Disease.

PMID- 19992265
TI  - Erythroderma with Deep Pigmentation.

PMID- 19992264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19992267
TI  - A Case of Megalo-ureter: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992268
TI  - Sterile Pyuria: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992269
TI  - Recently Introduced British Drugs and their Uses in Urology: (Section of
      Urology).

PMID- 19992270
TI  - Chemotherapy in Surgery: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992271
TI  - The Protection of the Soldier in Warfare: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992272
TI  - The Action of Adrenaline in Anxiety: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992273
TI  - Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Childhood: (Section for the Study of Disease in
      Children).

PMID- 19992274
TI  - Acute Toxic Polyneuritis.

PMID- 19992275
TI  - Severe Gastro-enteritis: Recovery after Mastoidectomy.

PMID- 19992276
TI  - Bilateral Artificial Pneumothorax for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Two Years after
      Treatment was commenced.

PMID- 19992277
TI  - Genital Dysplasia.

PMID- 19992278
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus Septicaemia with Recovery, treated with M & B 693.

PMID- 19992279
TI  - Cerebral Abscess due to Pfeiffer's Bacillus-Six Years after Pfeiffer's Bacillus
      Meningitis.

PMID- 19992280
TI  - Congenital Eventration of the Right Half of the Diaphragm (Specimen).

PMID- 19992284
TI  - Fractures and Dislocation of the Cervical Vertebrae: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992283
TI  - The Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis and its Sequelae:
      (Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992282
TI  - A Method of Administering Continuous Intravenous Anaesthesia for Abdominal
      Surgery: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992285
TI  - The Position of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Malignant Disease of the Upper
      Respiratory and Alimentary Tracts, excluding the Tongue and OEsophagus: (Section
      of Laryngology).

PMID- 19992281
TI  - Osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg Disease) in an Infant of Two Years.

PMID- 19992286
TI  - Clinical Experiences with Sulphathiazole in Therapy of Staphylococcal Infections:
      (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992287
TI  - Tumours of the Optic Nerve: (Section of Ophthalmology and Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992289
TI  - Fusion of the Kidneys: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992288
TI  - Some Considerations of the Pathology and Treatment of Suppurations around the
      Angle of the Mandible: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992292
TI  - Simultaneous Respiratory and Electro-encephalographic Recordings in Cases of
      Petit Mal (Abstract): (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992290
TI  - X-Ray Diagnosis in Chronic Arthritis: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19992293
TI  - Radio-Opaque Calcification of the Fallopian Tubes with Tubal Patency: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992294
TI  - Brain Showing Cerebral Haemorrhage in a Case of Spontaneous Labour: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992295
TI  - Chronic Nephritis in Pregnancy: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992296
TI  - The Mechanism of Acustico-Lateral Sense Organs in Fishes, with Special Reference
      to Problems in the Physiology of Semicircular Canals: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992297
TI  - The Clinical Teaching of Social Medicine: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992298
TI  - Variations of the Teeth of Preuss's Colobus: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992291
TI  - Observation Units: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992301
TI  - Two Engravings (Dated 1802) of the Drinking and Dipping Wells in Hyde Park:
      (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992302
TI  - Dr. Richard Mead's Harveian Oration: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992303
TI  - Cataract in Adult Rickets (Osteomalacia): (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992300
TI  - Engraved Portrait of a Centenarian (published in 1806): (Section of the History
      of Medicine).

PMID- 19992304
TI  - Clinical Study of 40 Consecutive Cases of Extra-Uterine Pregnancy: (Section of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992305
TI  - The Pathology of Cervicitis: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992306
TI  - Forensic Aspects of the Teeth and Jaws: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992307
TI  - The Reflexes of the Fundus Oculi: (Section of Ophthalmology).
AB  - The fundus reflexes reveal, in a manner not yet completely understood, the
      texture and contour of the reflecting surfaces and the condition of the
      underlying tissues. In this way they may play an important part in the
      biomicroscopy of the eye.The physiological reflexes are seen at their best in the
      eyes of young subjects, in well-pigmented eyes, with undilated pupils and with
      emmetropic refraction. Their absence during the first two decades, or their
      presence after the forties, their occurrence in one eye only, their appearance,
      disappearance or change of character should suggest the possibility of some
      pathological state.The investigation and interpretation of the reflexes are
      notably assisted by comparing the appearances seen with long and short wave
      lights such as those of the sodium and mercury vapour lamps, in addition to the
      usual ophthalmoscopic lights. Most of the surface reflexes disappear in the light
      of the sodium lamp, sometimes revealing important changes in the deeper layers of
      the retina and choroid.The physiological reflexes, chiefly formed on the surface
      of the internal limiting membrane, take the forms of the familiar watered silk or
      patchy reflexes, the peri-macular halo, the fan reflex in the macular depression
      and the reflex from the foveal pit. The watered silk or patchy reflexes often
      show a delicate striation which follows the pattern of the nerve-fibre layer, or
      there may be a granular or criss-cross texture. Reflexes which entirely lack
      these indications of "texture" should be considered as possibly pathological.
      This applies to the "beaten metal" reflexes and to those formed on the so-called
      hyaloid membrane.The occurrence of physiological reflexes in linear form is
      doubtful, and the only admittedly physiological punctate reflexes are the so
      called Gunn's dots.Surface reflexes which are broken up into small points or
      flakes are pathological, and are most frequently seen in the central area of the
      fundus in cases of pigmentary degeneration of the retina or after the subsidence
      of severe retinitis or retino-choroiditis.A mirror reflex from the layer of
      pigmented epithelium or from the external limiting membrane is sometimes
      recognizable in normal eyes, especially in the brunette fundus. In such, it forms
      the background to a striking picture of the fine circumfoveal
      vessels.Pathological reflexes from the level of the pigmented epithelium or of
      the external limiting membrane are also observed, and these often present a
      granular, frosted or crystalline appearance. They may indicate a senile change,
      or result from trauma or from retino-choroidal degeneraion. Somewhat similar
      reflexes may sometimes be present as small frosted patches anterior to the
      retinal vessels.Linear sinuous, whether appearing in annular form, as straight
      needles, as broader single sinuous lines, as the tapering, branched double
      reflexes of Vogt, or in association with traction or pressure folds, in the
      retina, are probably always pathological.By the use of selected light of long and
      short wave lengths, it can be shown that intraretinal or true retinal folds may
      exist with or without the surface reflexes which indicate a corresponding folding
      of the internal limiting membrane. On the other hand, superficial linear reflexes
      of various types may occur without evidence of retinal folding.Annular reflexes
      usually accompany a rounded elevation of the retina due to tumour, haemorrhage or
      exudate, but may indicate the presence of rounded depressions; traction folds
      occur where there is choroido-retinal scarring, or in association with macular
      hole or cystic degeneraion at the macula; pressure folds in cases of orbital
      cyst, abscess or neoplasm; and the other linear reflexes in association with
      papillo-retinal oedema, for example, in retrobulbar neuritis, in hypertensive
      neuro-retinitis, in contusio bulbi and in anterior uveitis.Punctate reflexes,
      other than Gunn's dots, are also pathological. They may occur as one variety of
      "fragmented" surface reflexes, or as evidence of the presence of some highly
      refractile substance, such as cholesterin or calcium carbonate, in a retinal
      exudate or other lesion.It is characteristic of the pathological reflexes that
      they come and go and change their character according to the progress of the
      pathological condition. The linear reflexes in particular may change from one
      from to another, and may be finally transformed into surface reflexes of
      physiological character.

PMID- 19992308
TI  - The Treatment of Burns: (Sections of Surgery and Therapeutics & Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992309
TI  - Injuries of the Ear: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992299
TI  - Imhotep: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992311
TI  - The Treatment of Traumatic Haemothorax: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992310
TI  - The AEtiology and Morbid Anatomy of Fowl Paralysis (Neurolymphomatosis): (Section
      of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992313
TI  - Infection of Wounds: (Section of Pathology).

PMID- 19992312
TI  - Chest Injuries: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992314
TI  - Aspects of Sinusitis: (Section of Laryngology).

PMID- 19992315
TI  - The Problem of the Air-Raid Shelter: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992316
TI  - Squamous-cell Carcinoma of the Anus and Anal Canal: An Analysis of 55 Cases:
      (Section of Proctology).
AB  - The analysis is of 55 cases admitted into St. Mark's Hospital from 1922 to
      1940.The incidence was 3.35% of all cases of cancer of the rectum, anal canal and
      anus admitted during this period.Sex distribution-27 males and 28 females.The
      average age (61.7 years) is higher than that of columnar-cell carcinoma of the
      rectum (57.4 years).Histology.-The cases have been graded into three grades of
      malignancy-low grade, medium grade, and high grade.Low grade squamous carcinoma
      is twice as frequent in men as in women, and generally originates at the anal
      margin.Medium grade squamous carcinoma is equally distributed between men and
      women; it may arise at the anus or in the anal canal.High grade squamous
      carcinoma is much more common in the female sex and is almost entirely limited to
      the anal canal.Quadrant affected-about one-third of the anal margin growths and
      one-half of the anal canal growths were situated anteriorly.Differential
      diagnosis from simple papilloma, simple ulcer, chronic inflammation, tuberculous
      ulcer, tuberculide, primary chancre, amoebic ulcer, basal-cell carcinoma,
      columnar-cell carcinoma.Biopsy and grading essential before treatment is decided
      upon.The results of treatment in the three grades of malignancy are described.
      The best results were obtained in the early low-grade cases treated by
      interstitial radium needling. In the medium and high grades only three five-year
      survivals can be reported and these followed excision of the rectum. The
      management of the inguinal glands is discussed and the importance of a very close
      post-operative supervision emphasized.Squamous carcinoma of the anal canal may
      cause lymphatic metastases in the superior haemorrhoidal glands; there have been
      four such cases in this series. Diathermy perineal excision is indicated in these
      cases.

PMID- 19992318
TI  - The Problem of Blast Injuries: (Sections of Surgery and Pathology).

PMID- 19992317
TI  - A Medico-Psychological Revision of the Story of Jehanne, la Pucelle de Domremy:
      (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992319
TI  - Some Recent Work on the Louse: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992320
TI  - The Structure of the Bones of the Face in Relationship to Fracture and other
      Aspects of Facial Injuries: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992321
TI  - Fractured Mandible-A Sign of and a Method of Treatment: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992322
TI  - The Functional Treatment of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip-joint: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992324
TI  - The Treatment of Burns: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992325
TI  - Causes of Failure in the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992323
TI  - Closed Plaster Treatment of Wounds in the Light of Recent Experience: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992326
TI  - David Hartley: Physician and Philosopher (1705-1757): (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992328
TI  - Active Immunization-Some Present-Day Problems: (Section of Therapeutics and
      Pharmacology).
AB  - Diphtheria.-Immunization is safe and effective. Compulsory measures are
      indicated, especially for the younger age-groups. The Schick test may be reserved
      for selected groups and to control modified methods. Proper spacing of doses of
      prophylactics and periodic reinoculation will ensure a high level of immunity. It
      is important to beware of "one-shot" methods. Indiscriminate swabbing is to be
      discouraged; high carrier rates are an indication for widespread diphtheria
      prophylaxis.Enteric fever.-Mass immunization is desirable in many areas, although
      there is no justification for compulsion except for people exposed to special
      risks. In deciding upon dosage of vaccine, more attention should be paid to
      physical state and body-weight. After the primary course, very small periodic
      doses (for example o.i.c.c) are worthy of trial. Vaccine can be given during an
      epidemic without increasing the chances of infection.Tetanus.-Two doses of toxoid
      spaced by six weeks give useful immunity. Women give significantly higher titres
      than men. A third dose of i.o.c.c. after a long interval-seven to nine months
      often produces a dramatic rise in circulating antitoxin, and counteracts any
      tendency to waning immunity.Smallpox.-As vaccination has not been made compulsory
      in this country, infection by virulent strains from the continent may tax the
      resources of the public health services.Whooping-cough.-The large number of
      injections of vaccine usually recommended is a deterrent to mass immunization.
      Research into the possibility of fewer doses and wider spacing is indicated.Other
      diseases are considered briefly.Combined immunization.-It may be useful to
      combine diphtheria T.A.F. and tetanus toxoid, also tetanus toxoid and T.A.B.
      vaccine. T.A.F. plus T.A.B. is probably contra-indicated for adults on account of
      severe reactions. Diphtheria A.P.T. should not be mixed with tetanus toxoid as it
      may go into solution and become ineffective.Sterilization of syringes and
      needles.-An intensive inoculation campaign is no excuse for slip-shod methods.

PMID- 19992329
TI  - The Therapeutic Value of Transfusion of Derivatives of Blood: (Section of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992327
TI  - Life and Times of Jean Nicolas Corvisart (1755-1821): (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992331
TI  - The Neurological Approach to Mental Disorder: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992330
TI  - Surgical and Dental Treatment of Fractures of the Upper and Lower Jaws in War
      Time A Review of 119 Cases: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992333
TI  - The Psychological Aspects of Deafness: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992332
TI  - The History of Endocrinology: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992335
TI  - Chemotherapy and Wound Infection: (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992334
TI  - Chronic Hyperplasia or Focal Osteitis Fibrosa of the Maxilla: (Section of
      Laryngology).

PMID- 19992336
TI  - Iridocyclitis: (Sections of Medicine and Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992338
TI  - Some Little-known Medical Practitioners in Mediaeval Persia: (Section of the
      History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992339
TI  - The Case of Augustus d'Este (1794-1848): The First Account of Disseminated
      Sclerosis: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992340
TI  - Case of Contracted Bladder (shown for Discussion on Treatment).

PMID- 19992341
TI  - Subcapsular Fibroma of the Kidney.

PMID- 19992342
TI  - Collection of Stones from Bladder.

PMID- 19992343
TI  - Tuberculosis in an Enlarged Prostate.

PMID- 19992337
TI  - The Medical Aspects of Saint-Simon's "Memoires": (Section of the History of
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992344
TI  - Two Cases of Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19992346
TI  - Parenchymatous Carcinoma of Calculous Pyonephrosis.

PMID- 19992347
TI  - Lymphadenoma of the Bladder.

PMID- 19992348
TI  - Fluorosis in Man and Animals: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992349
TI  - The Culture of Tubercle Bacilli from Laryngeal Swabs: (Section of Comparative
      Medicine).
AB  - In a considerable proportion of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis there is no
      spontaneous expectoration, especially in female patients and patients under
      collapse treatment. A simple and efficient method is described to obtain suitable
      material for bacteriological examination in these cases. A laryngeal swab, made
      up from a piece of wire with cotton-wool wrapped round its end, is passed down
      the larynx and the patient asked to cough. Two swabs are taken from each patient.
      The swabs are passed through sterile test tubes containing 10% sulphuric acid and
      2% sodium hydroxide solutions for five minutes in each and 2 Petragnani media
      inoculated with each swab. The cultures are examined after five days for
      contamination, and after twenty-eight days for macroscopical colonies of tubercle
      bacilli. The results obtained in two groups of cases of 166 and 107 patients
      were: 37.95% and 54.20% positive cultures respectively. The highest positive
      figures were obtained in female patients. Thus tubercle bacilli were demonstrated
      in a considerable proportion of cases previously regarded as sputum-negative or
      having no sputum. Apart from diagnosis the method gives valuable help in judging
      the efficiency of treatment. The finding of bacilli in early infiltrative lesions
      is of considerable practical as well as theoretical importance.

PMID- 19992350
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Royal Navy and the Use of Mass Miniature
      Radiography in its Control: (Section of Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19992351
TI  - Mass Miniature Photoradiography in the Royal Navy: (Section of Epidemiology and
      State Medicine).

PMID- 19992352
TI  - Dyspepsia in the Forces: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992345
TI  - Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Causing Varicocele.

PMID- 19992353
TI  - Benign Neoplasia of Tooth and Bone: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992354
TI  - War Injuries of the Spine: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992355
TI  - Electro-Diagnosis and Electrotherapy in Peripheral Nerve Lesions: (Section of
      Physical Medicine).

PMID- 19992356
TI  - The Future of Pharmacology (Walter Ernest Dixon Memorial Lecture): (Section of
      Therapeutics and Pharmacology).

PMID- 19992357
TI  - Anaesthesia in Chest Surgery, with Special Reference to Controlled Respiration
      and Cyclopropane: (Section of Anaesthetics).
AB  - Problems in chest surgery: Cases with prolonged toxaemia or amyloid disease
      require an anaesthetic agent of low toxicity. When sputum or blood are present in
      the tracheobronchial tree the anaesthesia should abolish reflex distrubances and
      excessive sputum be removed by suction. The technique should permit the use of a
      high oxygen atmosphere; controlled respiration with cyclopropane or ether fulfil
      these requirements. Open pneumothorax is present when a wound of the chest wall
      allows air to pass in and out of the pleural cavity. The lung on the affected
      side collapses and the mediastinum moves over and partly compresses the other
      lung.The dangers of an open pneumothorax: (1) Paradoxical respiration-the lung on
      the affected side partially inflates on expiration and collapses on inspiration.
      Part of the air entering the good lung has been shuttled back from the lung on
      the affected side and is therefore vitiated. Full expansion of the sound lung is
      handicapped by the initial displacement of the mediastinum which increases on
      inspiration. The circulation becomes embarrassed.(2) Vicious circle coughing.
      During a paroxysm of coughing dyspnoea will occur. This accentuates paradoxical
      respiration and starts a vicious circle. Death from asphyxia may result.Special
      duties of the anaesthetist: (1) To carry out or supervise continuous circulatory
      resuscitation. During a thoracotomy a drip blood transfusion maintains normal
      blood-pressure and pulse-rate.(2) To maintain effcient respiration.Positive
      pressure anaesthesia: Risk of impacting secretions in smaller bronchi with
      subsequent atelectasis; eventual risk of CO(2) poisoning without premonitory
      signs.Controlled respiration: (1) How it is produced. (2) Its uses in chest
      surgery.Controlled respiration means that the anaesthetist, having abolished the
      active respiratory efforts of the patient, maintains an efficient tidal exchange
      by rhythmic squeezing of the breathing bag. This may be done mechanically by
      Crafoord's modification of Frenkner's spiropulsator or by hand.Active respiration
      will cease (i) if the patient's CO(2) is lowered sufficiently by
      hyperventilation, (ii) if the patient's respiratory centre is depressed
      sufficiently by sedative and anaesthetic drugs, and (iii) by a combination of (i)
      and (ii) of less degree.The author uses the second method, depressing the
      respiratory centre with omnoponscopolamine, pentothal sodium, and then
      cyclopropane. The CO(2) absorption method is essential for this technique, and
      this and controlled respiration should be mastered by the anaesthetist with a
      familiar agent and used at first only in uncomplicated cases.The significance of
      cardiac arrhythmias occuring with cyclopropane is discussed.The place of the
      other available anaesthetic agents is discussed particularly on the advisability
      of using local anaesthesia for the drainage of empyema or lung abscess.Pharyngeal
      airway or endotracheal tube? Anaesthesia may be maintained with a pharyngeal
      airway in many cases but intubation must be used when tracheobronchial suction
      may be necessary and when there may be difficulty in maintaining an unobstructed
      airway.A one-lung anaesthesia is ideal for pneumonectomy. This may be obtained by
      endotracheal anaesthesia after bronchial tamponage of the affected side
      (Crafoord, v. fig. 6b) or by an endobronchial intubation of the sound side (v.
      figs. 9b and 9c). Endobronchial placing of the breathing tube may be performed
      "blind". Before deciding on blind bronchial intubation, the anaesthetist must
      examine X-ray films for any abnormality deviating the trachea or bronchi. Though
      the right bronchus may be easily intubated blindly as a rule, there is the risk
      of occluding the orifice of the upper lobe bronchus (fig. 9d) when the patient
      will become cyanosed. If the tube bevel is facing its orifice the risk of
      occlusion will be decreased (fig. 9c).Greater accuracy in placing the tube can be
      effected by inserting it under direct vision. Instruments for performing this
      manoeuvre are described.In lobectomy for bronchiectasis the anaesthetist must try
      to prevent the spread of infection to other parts. Ideally, the bronchus of the
      affected lobe should be plugged with ribbon gauze (Crafoord, v. fig. 6c) or a
      suction catheter with a baby balloon on it placed in the affected bronchus. In
      the presence of a large bronchopleural fistula controlled respiration cannot be
      established during operation. As the surgeon is rarely able to plug the fistula,
      if pneumonectomy is to be performed intubation for a one-lung anaesthesia is the
      best method. During other procedures it is essential to maintain quiet
      respiration.In war casualties it is almost always possible, with the technique
      described, to leave the lung on the affected side fully expanded and thus
      frequently to restore normal respiratory physiology. Co-operation between surgeon
      and anaesthetist is essential.

PMID- 19992358
TI  - Injuries to Peripheral Nerves: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992359
TI  - Injuries to the Peripheral Nerves: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992360
TI  - Psychiatric Aspects of Effort Syndrome: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992361
TI  - The Nature and Treatment of the Effort Syndrome: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992362
TI  - Personal Experience of Injuries to the Genito-Urinary Tract: (Section of
      Urology).

PMID- 19992363
TI  - Venous Spread in Rectal Cancer: (Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992364
TI  - Terminal Ileostomy for Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19992365
TI  - The Limitations of Operative Treatment in Traumatic Facial Paralysis: (Section of
      Otology).

PMID- 19992366
TI  - Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Trichinosis in Man: (Section of
      Epidemiology and State Medicine).

PMID- 19992367
TI  - Mass Radiography in the Early Detection of Intrathoracic Disease (With Special
      Reference to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Recruits): (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992368
TI  - Galactose Tolerance in Jaundice and Hyperthyroidism: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992369
TI  - The Electrocardiogram After Pneumonectomy: (Section of Medicine).

PMID- 19992370
TI  - Swine Influenza in the British Isles: (Section of Comparative Medicine).
AB  - An outbreak of pneumonia affecting pigs (10-14 weeks old) was investigated; the
      mortality rate was low and recovery was slow. Haemophilus influenzae was
      recovered from half the pigs examined and the presence of a virus was
      demonstrated by the intranasal instillation of a filtrate of pneumonic lung. The
      virus was subsequently established in ferrets and neutralizing antibodies were
      demonstrated in the blood of convalescent pigs to the ferret-adapted virus.Four
      further outbreaks of pneumonia in pigs revealed the presence of a virus and in
      two of these the agent was adapted to the ferret. Haemophilus influenzae was
      obtained from only a few of the pigs.The lungs of pigs at a public slaughterhouse
      were examined for pneumonia and lesions were found in some cases. Haemophilus
      influenzae was recovered from three of forty affected lungs and transmission
      experiments with material from two lungs were made. The disease was reproduced in
      pigs and one of the strains was later adapted to the ferret.

PMID- 19992371
TI  - Forty Years' Experience of Urology: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992373
TI  - The Clinical Manifestations of Oxygen Lack: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992372
TI  - The Relationship of Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia and Anoxia: (Section of
      Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992375
TI  - Casualty Anaesthesia in the E.M.S: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992374
TI  - Spinal Anaesthesia with Heavy Percaine: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992376
TI  - Fat Embolism and the Brain: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992377
TI  - A Report on Cases of Septic Arthritis: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992378
TI  - The Spread of Bacteria and Toxins from Infected Wounds; the Clinical Application
      of Laboratory Findings: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992379
TI  - The Spread of Bacteria and Toxins from Infected Wounds; the Clinical Application
      of Laboratory Findings: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992380
TI  - An Unusual Example of Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19992381
TI  - Melanoderma of Face, Neck and Forearms of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19992382
TI  - Histological Demonstration.

PMID- 19992383
TI  - Chemotherapy, Serotherapy and Haemotherapy in Otology and Laryngology: (Sections
      of Otology and Laryngology).

PMID- 19992384
TI  - The Clinical Aspect of Lymphosarcoma of the Tonsil: (Sections of Laryngology and
      Otology).

PMID- 19992386
TI  - Direct Wound of Larynx.

PMID- 19992385
TI  - Carcinoma of the OEsophagus. Results of Deep X-Ray Treatment.

PMID- 19992387
TI  - Loss of Consciousness in Different Types of Head Injury: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992389
TI  - Experimental Investigation into the Early Effects of Various Filling Materials on
      the Human Pulp: (Section of Odontology).

PMID- 19992388
TI  - Experimental Concussion: (Section of Neurology).
AB  - The various hypotheses of the mechanism of coma resulting from cerebral trauma
      are discussed. Experimental evidence shows that there are two kinds of transient
      abolition of cerebral function by trauma-acceleration concussion, and compression
      concussion. The former is a passing paralysis which occurs in all brain-stem
      mechanisms examined and is brought about at and beyond a threshold value of
      change in velocity. A lesser degree of change causes momentary depression of
      function, a greater degree prolongs the phase of paralysis before recovery
      occurs. Movement of the head is necessary for the usual kind of concussion to
      occur, as also for contre-coup injury. Compression concussion has much more
      selective incidence on the respiratory centre, and appears to require an extreme
      crushing injury or penetration of the skull by a relatively large object.
      Acceleration concussion is that accompanying closed head injury and is not
      accompanied by any significant change in C.S.F. pressure. The cerebral blood flow
      is verv greatly increased in this variety owing to stimulation of the
      vagoglossopharyngeal nerves at the foramen magnum. With more severe blows subpial
      or intramedullary lesions may occur in this situation, indicating that distortion
      at the foramen magnum occurs. No evidence of vascular spasm or paralysis is
      found. An immediate brief rise of blood-pressure is due to stimulation of the
      vasomotor centre. Vagal effects may not appear until the traumatic paralysis of
      all centres begins to pass off. A delayed fall in blood-pressure lasting many
      minutes may follow severe vagal effects, and appears comparable to acute surgical
      shock as produced by intense stimulation of any other visceral nerve. Death
      occurs from failure of blood-pressure, an intensification of shock with shallow
      respiration and intense constriction of viscera.It is concluded that sudden
      failure of what has been called the veno-pressor system is important in death
      shortly following experimental concussion. No macroscopical lesions are found,
      and histological examination shows no change with ordinary tissue stains. The
      unconsciousness of coma is believed to be related to direct traumatic paralysis
      of the cortical neurones and if their sensitivity to physical violence is similar
      to that of anaesthetics, prolonged impairment of function from this cause alone
      is possible. Clinical observations were related in support of these conclusions.

PMID- 19992390
TI  - Factors which make for Safety in the Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Treatment
      of Carcinoma of the Rectum: (Section of Proctology).

PMID- 19992391
TI  - The Thermionic Control of Electric Currents in Electro-Medical Work: (Section of
      Psysical Medicine).

PMID- 19992392
TI  - The Treatment of War Injuries of the Eye: (Section of Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992393
TI  - Metabolic Investigations in Periodic Catatonia: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992394
TI  - Amnesic Syndromes in War: (Section of Psychiatry).

PMID- 19992395
TI  - Three Cases illustrating Result of Author's Operation for Urinary Incontinence.

PMID- 19992397
TI  - Five-Year-Old Hypernephroma.

PMID- 19992396
TI  - Bladder Diverticulum and Enlarged Prostate.

PMID- 19992398
TI  - Carcinoma of the Colon Invading the Bladder Wall.

PMID- 19992399
TI  - Unusual Foreign Body in Urinary Bladder.

PMID- 19992401
TI  - Impacted Ureteric Calculi.

PMID- 19992400
TI  - Renal Tumour.

PMID- 19992402
TI  - Renal cyst.

PMID- 19992403
TI  - New Collecting Apparatus for Cutaneous Ureterostomy.

PMID- 19992404
TI  - A Form of Visual Disorientation Resulting from Lesions of the Right Cerebral
      Hemisphere: (Section of Neurology).

PMID- 19992405
TI  - The Clinical Significance of the Pattern of Cutaneous Innervation: (Section of
      Neurology).

PMID- 19992406
TI  - The Use of Vitallium in Surgery with Special Reference to Cup Arthroplasty:
      (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992407
TI  - Sulphathiazole in the Treatment of War Wounds: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992408
TI  - Mechanical Fixation of Fractures: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992410
TI  - A Case of Osteomalacia: (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992409
TI  - Orthopaedic Aspects of Plastic Surgery. The Early Replacement of Skin Losses in
      War Injuries of the Extremities: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992411
TI  - Experience with the Intravenous Use of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone of the
      Anterior Pituitary in Menstrual Disorders: (Section of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology).

PMID- 19992412
TI  - Endometrioma of the Colon Causing Stricture.

PMID- 19992414
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Knee-joint: (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19992413
TI  - The Royal College of Physicians of London, on the Occasion of its Recent Bombing:
      (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992415
TI  - Interactions of Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism-New Aspects and Therapies:
      (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology).
AB  - NO one has so far produced anything approaching a clear picture of either fat or
      carbohydrate metabolism and the interactions of the two are still more involved
      and elusive although they clearly exist. Plants and animals build up reserves of
      fat from carbohydrate, but the reverse process (fat into carbohydrate), proved in
      plant seeds, is still unproven in animals, although theoretically possible.In
      normal human metabolism fat-carbohydrate interactions are almost hidden. The
      disturbances shown in the metabolism of a diabetic seem to give us the clearest
      indications of these interactions. Either carbohydrate or fat can be used as the
      main source of body fuel, but their metabolic course is very different, both as
      regards chemistry and function. It is only whep carbohydrate is not available,
      either in starvation or severe diabetes, that fat provides the fuel of the body;
      this contrast is also manifest in the blood and internal organs, especially the
      liver. Under the commonest normal conditions of diet carbohydrate is
      predominantly and preferentially used for metabolism. The liver is rich in
      glycogen, poor in fat; the blood fat is minimal and ketone bodies, although
      perhaps present in small amount in the blood at most times, are absent on common
      tests. As soon as carbohydrate is insufficiently available for the needs of
      metabolism, depot fat flows to the liver and is there catabolized to ketone
      bodies which recent proof has shown to be burned peripherally in the muscles
      independent of carbohydrate metabolism. This is a normal process, harmful only in
      diabetes, and especially harmful when it occurs suddenly, e.g. when insulin is
      cut off from a fat diabetic dog or human patient. A diabetic supports with ease a
      prolonged severe ketosis but suffers from one of sudden onset, although of milder
      severity. Insulin in the diabetic and sugar in the starved switches metabolism
      from fat to carbohydrate usage very quickly and ketonuria usually disappears in
      three to six hours."Diabetic obesity" is very common and is often seen in the
      earliest stages and again after insulin treatment. It seems probable that
      hyperglycaemia causes this obesity and this has been clearly established by
      observations on an unusual case of lipaemia, diabetes and lipodystrophy.Lipaecmia
      may occur in two opposite phases of metabolism, one anabolic-when fat is on its
      way to storage, the other catabolic-when it is flowing from stores to the liver.
      The latter is the usual condition obvious in disease.Work has also been done
      which suggests that other lipotropic factors-choline, lipocaic, &c., exert an
      influence on carbohydrate-fat balance, more specifically the glycogen-fat balance
      in the liver.In America attention has been drawn to the frequent and persistenzt
      occurrence of fatty enlargement of the liver in diabetic children. The author has
      seen many diabetic children (usually in a state of chronic ketosis) with enlarged
      livers, but such enlargement has rapidly disappeared with better management of
      the diabetes. Only two out of some 500 diabetic children have clearly shown the
      unmistakable syndrome of "hepatomegalic dwarfism ". In these two cases choline
      and lipocaic were given over prolonged periods without any effect: the liver,
      however, of one of these cases has since become normal by the addition of zinc
      protamine insulin.

PMID- 19992416
TI  - Idiopathic Steatorrhaea with Severe Anaemia and Pyrexia.

PMID- 19992417
TI  - Exophthalmic Ophthalmoplegia (Unilateral) with Papilloedema.

PMID- 19992418
TI  - Chronic Miliary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19992419
TI  - Fracture of the Skull in an Infant Associated with Haematoma Formation and
      Followed by Development of Encephalocele.

PMID- 19992420
TI  - Arsenical Pigmentation and Hyperkeratosis. Disseminated Sclerosis with Epilepsy.

PMID- 19992421
TI  - Ophthalmoplegia as Sole Manifestation of Myasthenia Gravis over Twenty-five
      Years.

PMID- 19992422
TI  - Gross Hyperpiesia well tolerated for eleven years.

PMID- 19992423
TI  - Case for Diagnosis:? Hilar Tuberculosis,? Sarcoid.

PMID- 19992424
TI  - Quiescent Acromegaly with Insulin-Resistant Diabetes.

PMID- 19992425
TI  - Periarteritis Nodosa.

PMID- 19992426
TI  - Polycythaemia Rubra Vera.

PMID- 19992427
TI  - Ophthalmoplegia Co-existent with Active Thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 19992428
TI  - Case of Ureteric Transplantation into the Large Bowel and Total Cystectomy for
      Multiple Papillomata of the Bladder.

PMID- 19992429
TI  - Case of Impotence of Two Years' Duration in a Man of 54, Treated by Lowsley's
      Ribbon Gut Plication Operation.

PMID- 19992431
TI  - Hydronephrosis Causing OEdema of the Legs.

PMID- 19992430
TI  - After-effect of Plastic Operations in Two Cases of Hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19992433
TI  - Calcified Hypernephroma of Right Kidney of Eight Years' Known Duration.

PMID- 19992432
TI  - Hunner's Ulcer.

PMID- 19992434
TI  - Chemicals in Fabrics as Potential Skin Irritants: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992435
TI  - Acrodermatitis (Dore): (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992436
TI  - Granuloma Annulare: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992437
TI  - So-called Monilia Infections of the Nail Fold: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992439
TI  - Exfoliative Erythrodermia: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992438
TI  - Eczema of the External Auditory Meatus: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992440
TI  - The Treatment of Herpes Recurrens: (Section of Dermatology).

PMID- 19992441
TI  - Pyloric Stenosis in Infancy: (Section for the Study of Disease in Children).

PMID- 19992442
TI  - John Caius and the Revival of Learning: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992443
TI  - Paracelsus: Personality, Doctrines and His Alleged Influence in the Reform of
      Medicine: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992444
TI  - The General Principles involved in a Campaign to Control Certain Diseases of
      Cattle Inimical to Man: (Section of Comparative Medicine).

PMID- 19992445
TI  - Otitic Meningitis: (Section of Otology).

PMID- 19992446
TI  - The Foundation of the Polish Medical Faculty within the University of Edinburgh,
      Scotland: (Section of the History of Medicine).

PMID- 19992447
TI  - Some Practical Considerations in the Control of Louse-borne Typhus Fever in Great
      Britain in the Light of Experience in Russia, Poland, Rumania and China: (Section
      of Epidemiology and State Medicine).
AB  - This paper deals with some aspects of the control of louse-borne typhus fever.
      The epidemic form is associated with famine and overcrowding. In producing an
      epidemic in a hitherto endemic area malnutrition is of greater importance than
      over-crowding; another factor which brings this about is widespread movement of
      civil or military population thus bringing non-immunes into a district where
      typhus is endemic.Endemic typhus usually occurs in the early months of the year,
      whilst the epidemic form may appear at any time. Conditions under which epidemic
      typhus occurs favour the outbreak of other diseases so that an uncomplicated case
      is rarely seen.Louse-borne typhus fever lasts from twelve to sixteen days. The
      incubation period is usually twelve to fourteen days, though it may be from five
      to twenty-one days. The onset is sudden, but is often preceded by malaise and a
      rise of temperature. Two common initial symptoms are acute frontal or occipital
      headache and bronchitis. The first sign may be mental confusion or delirium.
      Acute delirium is usually present after the first week.

PMID- 19992448
TI  - Laboratory Investigations on Typhus: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992449
TI  - Some Orthopaedic Procedures Employed in the Treatment of Arthritis: (Section of
      Physical Medicine).
AB  - (1) A series of six cases of ankylosing spondylitis was shown to illustrate the
      benefit gained, even in very long-standing cases, by the following regime:(a)
      Complete rest in a plaster shell.(b) Gradual correction of kyphosis by adding
      thin layers of padding under the dorsolumbar junction, and subtracting similar
      layers of padding from under the head, to increase extension in the spine.(c)
      Deep-breathing exercises practised constantly while the patient is lying in a
      plaster shell.(d) Daily physiotherapy.(e) The fitting of a Goldthwaite spinal
      brace to maintain the position of maximum correction that has been obtained.The
      improvement was manifested in all cases by alleviation of symptoms, improvement
      in posture, and increased chest expansion.(2) A series of six cases of arthritis
      of the knee was shown, including rheumatoid arthritis, infective arthritis and
      osteo-arthritis, illustrating treatment by rest plasters, followed by:(a)
      Arthrotomy and lavage-where swelling and effusion persist, and(b) Bone drilling
      where bone changes are marked and there is constant pain at rest. Improvement was
      manifested by relief of symptoms, subsidence of signs of inflammation, and
      restoration of a considerable degree of movement.(3) A case of arthritis of the
      tarsal and metatarsal joints, illustrating relief of symptoms afforded by the
      application of a plaster boot.

PMID- 19992450
TI  - Tophaceous Gout.

PMID- 19992451
TI  - Large Cyst Formation directly associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19992453
TI  - Pathological Demonstrations.

PMID- 19992452
TI  - Still's Disease.

PMID- 19992455
TI  - The Function of the Radiologist in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chest Injuries:
      (Section of Radiology).

PMID- 19992454
TI  - Streptococcal Cross-Infection in Wards: (Section of Surgery).

PMID- 19992456
TI  - On the Need for Abandoning Much in Immunology that has been Regarded as Assured:
      (Occasional Lecture).

PMID- 19992457
TI  - Partial Thrombosis of the Right Internal Carotid at Level of Ophthalmic Artery,
      and Probably also a Thrombus in the Upper Dorsal Region of the Pons on Right
      Side.

PMID- 19992458
TI  - Hyperpiesis with Polycystic Kidneys treated by Sympathectomy and Adrenal Gland
      Reduction.

PMID- 19992459
TI  - Adie's Syndrome (Tonic Pupils).

PMID- 19992460
TI  - Ulcerative Colitis Complicated by Polyarthritis treated by Total Colectomy.

PMID- 19992461
TI  - Aneurysm of Circle of Willis.

PMID- 19992462
TI  - Constrictive Pericarditis.

PMID- 19992463
TI  - Pulmonary Hypertension with Pulmonary Regurgitation Possibly due to Interatrial
      Septal Defect.

PMID- 19992464
TI  - Sclerodermia and Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19992466
TI  - Psychological Reactions to Injury: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992465
TI  - The Foot Problem in Service Cases: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992467
TI  - Conditions of the Back Simulating Visceral Disease: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992468
TI  - Some Spinal Cases of Interest: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992469
TI  - Some Points in the Diagnosis of Osteochondritis of the Knee: (Section of
      Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992470
TI  - Lumbar Puncture Injuries: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992472
TI  - The Conservative Treatment of Osteomyelitis: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992471
TI  - The Role of Orthopaedics in Medical Education: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992473
TI  - Physiotherapy and the Soldier's Foot: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992475
TI  - The Technique of Arthroplasty: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992474
TI  - A Case of Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc Following Lumbar Puncture:
      (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992477
TI  - Treatment of Fractures of the Shaft of the Femur: (Section of Orthopaedics).

PMID- 19992476
TI  - Excision of Both Femoral Heads in a Case of Ankylosing Spondylitis.

PMID- 19992478
TI  - A New Walking Caliper.

PMID- 19992480
TI  - The Effects of Flying on the Nose and Ear: (Sections of Otology and Laryngology).

PMID- 19992479
TI  - A Study of Mustard Gas Lesions of the Eyes of Rabbits and Men: (Section of
      Ophthalmology).

PMID- 19992481
TI  - Darier's Centrifugal Migratory Erythema.

PMID- 19992482
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Seborrheid.

PMID- 19992483
TI  - Acute Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19992485
TI  - Leprosy.

PMID- 19992484
TI  - Severe Chilblains on Right Leg Weakened by Previous Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19992486
TI  - Dermatitis Herpetiformis, with Unusual Limitation of the Disease.

PMID- 19992487
TI  - Sclerodermia with Long Antecedent Pigmentation.

PMID- 19992488
TI  - Familial and Congenital Basal-celled Epithelioma in the Distribution of
      Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum, and Showing Some of the Histological Changes of
      the Latter.

PMID- 19992489
TI  - Acrosclerosis Sellei.

PMID- 19992490
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19992491
TI  - Chronic Recurrent Herpetiform Stomatitis.

PMID- 19992493
TI  - The Effects of War-Time Rationing on Child Health: (Section for the Study of
      Disease in Children).

PMID- 19992492
TI  - The Trend of Fever Hospital Practice: (Section of Epidemiology and State
      Medicine).

PMID- 19992494
TI  - The Centenary of the First Anaethetic Use of Ether: (Section of Anaesthetics).

PMID- 19992495
TI  - Rupture of the Urethra and Its Treatment: (Section of Urology).

PMID- 19992496
TI  - Rehabilitation after Injuries to the Central Nervous System: (Section of
      Neurology).

PMID- 19992498
TI  - Discussion on the Effects on the Kidney of Trauma to Parts other than the Urinary
      Tract, including Crush Syndrome.

PMID- 19992497
TI  - The Kidney and Hypertension: (Section of Therapeutics & Pharmacology with Section
      of Medicine).

PMID- 19992499
TI  - The Value of the Urinary Diastase in the Acute Abdomen.

PMID- 19992500
TI  - Tetanus in a London Sector in Two Years of War.

PMID- 19992501
TI  - The Immediate Replacement of Avulsed Soft Tissues.

PMID- 19992503
TI  - Hospital Building-Past, Present and Future.

PMID- 19992502
TI  - Angiomatosis Retinae. Account of a Case, including the Histological Results of X
      Ray Treatment.

PMID- 19992504
TI  - Progress in Obstetrics and Gynaecology During the Present Century: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19992505
TI  - Erythroplasia.

PMID- 19992506
TI  - Dermatitis Atrophicans (Atypical).

PMID- 19992507
TI  - Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis and Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19992508
TI  - Cellular Naevus Resembling Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19992509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 19992510
TI  - Myxoedema Papulosum et Annulare.

PMID- 19992511
TI  - Scleroderma Circumscriptum.

PMID- 19992512
TI  - Lichen Simplex Controlled by Stilboestrol.

PMID- 19992513
TI  - Tuberculosis Nodularis Cutis with Glandular Involvement.

PMID- 19992514
TI  - Bullous Livedo from Heat.

PMID- 19992516
TI  - Discussion on Throat and Nose Manifestations of Blood Diseases.

PMID- 19992515
TI  - Discussion on Intracranial Injuries in Childhood.

PMID- 19992517
TI  - Discussion on Vitamins and Haemorrhagic States.

PMID- 19992518
TI  - Experiences with Various Methods of Skeletal Fixation in Fractures of the Jaws.

PMID- 19992519
TI  - Man-Power-Medical Aspects in a World Army To-day: [Abridged].

PMID- 19992521
TI  - Refractory Ulcerative Cystitis.

PMID- 19992520
TI  - Experiences with Phenothiazine as a Urinary Antiseptic.

PMID- 19992522
TI  - Resuscitation.

PMID- 19992524
TI  - Psychological Aspects of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19992523
TI  - Discussion on Methods of Resuscitation in Shock.

PMID- 19992525
TI  - Discussion on Occupational Therapy.

PMID- 19992526
TI  - Trichlorethylene as a General Analgesic and Anaesthetic.

PMID- 19992527
TI  - Discussion on the Control of Diseases of Cattle Inimical to Man: Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19992528
TI  - Discussion on Primary Tuberculosis in Adolescents and Adults.

PMID- 19992529
TI  - Discussion on the Workmen's Compensation Act as a Factor in Prolonging
      Invalidism.

PMID- 19992530
TI  - Discussion on Sciatic Pain.

PMID- 19992531
TI  - Discussion on Injuries of the Nose and Throat.

PMID- 19992533
TI  - Discussion on Cerebral OEdema.

PMID- 19992532
TI  - Discussion on Skin Diseases of the Ear.

PMID- 19992534
TI  - An Investigation into the Effect of Intravenous Injections of Sucrose on the
      Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure as Measured by Lumbar Puncture.

PMID- 19992535
TI  - The Folk-Lore of the Acute Exanthemata.

PMID- 19992536
TI  - Convulsions.

PMID- 19992538
TI  - Discussion on Trinitrotoluene Poisoning.

PMID- 19992537
TI  - The Role of Mild Cerebral Commotion in War Neurosis.

PMID- 19992539
TI  - Discussion on the Place of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 19992540
TI  - Reconstruction in Psychiatry (Abridged): President's Address.

PMID- 19992541
TI  - Discussion on the Future of Public Health Nursing.

PMID- 19992543
TI  - Discussion on Growth and New Growth.

PMID- 19992542
TI  - Endothoracic Sympathectomy.

PMID- 19992544
TI  - Discussion on Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Post-Contusional States.

PMID- 19992546
TI  - Discussion on the Control of the Diseases of Cattle Inimical to Man: Mastitis and
      Streptococcal Infections.

PMID- 19992545
TI  - Discussion on Mineral and Vitamin Requirements in Relation to War-time Dietary.

PMID- 19992547
TI  - Discussion on the Control of the Diseases of Cattle Inimical to Man: Brucellosis
      and Sterility.

PMID- 19992548
TI  - Observations on Living Eggs of Mammals.

PMID- 19992549
TI  - Discussion on Maternity Services.

PMID- 19992551
TI  - Haemospermia.

PMID- 19992550
TI  - Discussion on Gonococcal Arthritis and "Rheumatism".

PMID- 19992552
TI  - Fractures of the Jaws: Should Teeth and Comminuted Bone be Removed?

PMID- 19992554
TI  - Discussion on Effects of War-time Industrial Conditions on Mental Health.

PMID- 19992553
TI  - Discussion on the Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases in Childhood.

PMID- 19992555
TI  - Clinical Photography in Private Practice.

PMID- 19992556
TI  - Industrial Dermatitis.

PMID- 19992558
TI  - Discussion on the Assessment of Criminal Responsibility in the Armed Forces.

PMID- 19992557
TI  - Discussion on the Effects of Occupational Exposure to X-Rays and Radioactive
      Substances.

PMID- 19992559
TI  - Clinical, Epidemiological and Experimental Observations on an Acute Myalgia of
      the Neck and Shoulders; Its Possible Relation to Certain Cases of Generalized
      Fibrositis.

PMID- 19992560
TI  - The Development of Hospital Services with Particular Reference to the Municipal
      Hospital System of London.

PMID- 19992561
TI  - Discussion on War Injuries in Relation to Ophthalmology and Neuro-Surgery.

PMID- 19992562
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Inoperable Carcinoma of the Rectum.

PMID- 19992563
TI  - Discussion on Traumatic Epilepsy.

PMID- 19992564
TI  - Discussion on Testing Intellectual Capacity in Adults.

PMID- 19992565
TI  - Heredity in the Psychoneuroses (Summary).

PMID- 19992566
TI  - A Study of the Activities of the Intratympanic Muscles. [Summary].

PMID- 19992567
TI  - Deafness Due to Central Lag.

PMID- 19992568
TI  - Discussion on Brain Abscess.

PMID- 19992569
TI  - Discussion on Injuries of the Frontal and Ethmoidal Sinuses.

PMID- 19992570
TI  - Thoughts on the Origin of Influenza Epidemics. [Abridged]: President's Address.

PMID- 19992571
TI  - Recurring Juvenile Vitreous Haemorrhage: President's Address.

PMID- 19992572
TI  - Chapters of Cambridge Medical History. II.-Francis Glisson and the Insurgent
      Century : President's Address.

PMID- 19992573
TI  - Observations on the Pathology of Cerebral Diplegia. [Abridged.]: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19992574
TI  - Discussion on the Control of Tuberculosis as an Infectious Disease.

PMID- 19992575
TI  - Two Cases of Generalized Vaccinia (Vacciniola).

PMID- 19992576
TI  - Steatocystoma Multiplex (Pringle).

PMID- 19992577
TI  - Naevus Flammeus Treated by Thorium X.

PMID- 19992578
TI  - Dermatitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19992580
TI  - Schaumann's Disease.

PMID- 19992579
TI  - Erythema Gyratum Perstans (Colcott Fox).

PMID- 19992581
TI  - ? Telangiectatic Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19992582
TI  - Persistent Intertrigo.? Diagnosis.

PMID- 19992583
TI  - Discussion on Painful Feet.

PMID- 19992584
TI  - Discussion on Stillbirth and Neonatal Mortality.

PMID- 19992585
TI  - Discussion on Nutritional Anaemia in Children and Women: A War-time Problem.

PMID- 19992586
TI  - The Mechanism of Swallowing: President's Address.

PMID- 19992587
TI  - Discussion on Neurological Disorders of the Mechanism of Swallowing.

PMID- 19992588
TI  - Discussion on New Developments in the Investigation and Treatment of Sterility.

PMID- 19992589
TI  - Medical Polemics from Hunter to Owen, 1772-1844.

PMID- 19992590
TI  - Psychiatric Effects of Severe Personal Experiences During Bombing.

PMID- 19992591
TI  - Neurosis in a London General Practice During the Second and Third Years of War.

PMID- 19992592
TI  - Discussion on the Prevention of Chronic Otitis and Deafness.

PMID- 19992593
TI  - Vital Staining in Brain Surgery. A Preliminary Note.

PMID- 19992594
TI  - Discussion on Myasthenia Gravis and Thymectomy.

PMID- 19992595
TI  - Discussion on Active Immunity: I.-General Considerations.

PMID- 19992596
TI  - Discussion on Active Immunity: II.-Bacterial Vaccines and Toxoids.

PMID- 19992597
TI  - Variations in the Mortality and Incidence of the Common Infections Diseases of
      Childhood over a Century.

PMID- 19992598
TI  - Discussion on the Place of Miniature Radiography in the Diagnosis of Diseases of
      the Chest.

PMID- 19992599
TI  - Retinoscopy [Abridged].

PMID- 19992600
TI  - Intraocular Neoplasm.

PMID- 19992601
TI  - Chiasmal Arachnoiditis.

PMID- 19992602
TI  - The Neurological Complications of Malnutrition: I.-Psychic Manifestations of
      Nicotinic Acid Deficiency.

PMID- 19992603
TI  - The Neurological Complications of Malnutrition: II.-Malnutrition and Peripheral
      Neuropathies.

PMID- 19992604
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Pulpless Teeth.

PMID- 19992605
TI  - Discussion on Hernia.

PMID- 19992606
TI  - Discussion on Varicose Veins.

PMID- 19992607
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of the Paralysed Bladder.

PMID- 19992608
TI  - Colon Showing Injury in Fatal Case of Acute Mercurial Poisoning Due to Absorption
      of Oxycyanide of Mercury from Urinary Tract During Per-urethral Resection of
      Prostate.

PMID- 19992609
TI  - The Oxford Vaporizer in Routine Hospital Practice.

PMID- 19992610
TI  - R.C.A.M.C. Anaesthetic Experiences: Dieppe Raid Casualties, August 19-20, 1942.

PMID- 19992611
TI  - Discussion on Painful Back in Soldiers and in Industrial Workers.

PMID- 19992612
TI  - Discussion on Water Metabolism in Sick and Healthy Infants.

PMID- 19992613
TI  - The AEtiology of Erythroblastosis Foetalis and Certain Haemolytic Transfusion
      Reactions, with Special Reference to the Rh Factor.

PMID- 19992615
TI  - Some Aspects of the Epidemiology of Smallpox in Scotland in 1942. [Abridged.].

PMID- 19992614
TI  - Tests for the Rh Factor and its Antibody.

PMID- 19992616
TI  - Discussion on the Value of Irradiation in Association with Surgery in the
      Treatment of Carcinoma of the Breast.

PMID- 19992617
TI  - Discussion on the Quality of Mental Test Performance in Intellectual
      Deterioration.

PMID- 19992618
TI  - Discussion on Functional Nervous States in Relation to Service in the Armed
      Forces.

PMID- 19992620
TI  - Discussion on the Prophylaxis of the Acute Specific Fevers.

PMID- 19992619
TI  - Discussion on the Technique of Radiotherapy.

PMID- 19992622
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Premycotic Eruption.

PMID- 19992621
TI  - Discussion: Effect of Wartime Conditions on the Health of the Factory Worker.

PMID- 19992623
TI  - Naevocarcinoma (Malignant Melanoma).

PMID- 19992624
TI  - Pseudopelade (Brocq).

PMID- 19992625
TI  - ? Schamberg's Disease.

PMID- 19992626
TI  - Elephantiasis of the Ears, in a Non-boxer.

PMID- 19992627
TI  - Discoid Purpuric Pigmented Eruption.

PMID- 19992628
TI  - Solar Dermatitis in Adults. [Abridged].

PMID- 19992630
TI  - Lichen Ruber Moniliformis (Morbus Moniliformis Lichenoides; Myxoedema
      Moniliforme.).

PMID- 19992629
TI  - Papulonecrotic Tuberculides and Old Tubercular Keratitis.

PMID- 19992632
TI  - ? Annular Tuberculide.? Cutaneous Silicosis.

PMID- 19992631
TI  - Periarteritis Nodosa.

PMID- 19992633
TI  - Circinate, Linear Eruption on Face.

PMID- 19992634
TI  - Angioid Streaks with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (Gronblad-Strandberg Syndrome).

PMID- 19992635
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa in an Adult (Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans,
      Barber and Parkes Weber Type).

PMID- 19992636
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa with Unusual Atrophy, in an Adult.

PMID- 19992637
TI  - ? Fox-Fordyce Disease.

PMID- 19992638
TI  - ? Epidermolysis Bullosa Hereditaria.

PMID- 19992639
TI  - Pyogenic Granuloma of the Chin, Associated With and Dependent Upon a Dental
      Alveolar Abscess.

PMID- 19992640
TI  - Superficial Basal-cell Carcinoma.

PMID- 19992641
TI  - Dermatolysis (Cutis Laxa).

PMID- 19992642
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans (de Quinquad).

PMID- 19992643
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Sarcoid.

PMID- 19992644
TI  - ? Parapsoriasis.

PMID- 19992645
TI  - ? Artefact.

PMID- 19992646
TI  - Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 19992647
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris of Late Onset.

PMID- 19992648
TI  - The Anatomical Basis of Physical Medicine with Special Reference to the
      Peripheral Nervous System.

PMID- 19992649
TI  - Discussion: Dentistry in Relation to State Medicine and Post-war Planning.

PMID- 19992651
TI  - Non-Specific Epididymitis.

PMID- 19992650
TI  - Discussion: Recent Experiences of Acute Encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 19992652
TI  - The Emancipation of Orthopaedic Surgery.

PMID- 19992653
TI  - Spinal Arthritis and Sciatica.

PMID- 19992654
TI  - Diastasis of the Inferior Tibio-fibular Joint.

PMID- 19992656
TI  - Some Revised Principles of Blood Transfusion.

PMID- 19992655
TI  - Modified Subtaloid Arthrodesis.

PMID- 19992657
TI  - Some Aspects of Suprapubic Cystotomy.

PMID- 19992658
TI  - A Form of Bovine Serum Suitable for a Plasma Substitute in the Treatment of
      Shock.

PMID- 19992659
TI  - Lumbar Procaine Block and Sympathectomy in Arteriosclerotic Endarteritis.

PMID- 19992660
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis Treated Conservatively.

PMID- 19992661
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus-Treated by Excision and Reconstruction of Ante-thoracic
      OEsophagus.

PMID- 19992662
TI  - Specimen of Ante-thoracic OEsophagus.

PMID- 19992663
TI  - Hypoglycaemia as an Experimental Psychosis.

PMID- 19992664
TI  - Suggestibility and Hypnosis-an Experimental Analysis.

PMID- 19992665
TI  - Meeting at the London Hospital on March 12, 1943.

PMID- 19992666
TI  - Meeting at Royal Cancer Hospital (Free), London, on April 9, 1943.

PMID- 19992667
TI  - Discussion on Radiological Diagnosis of Disproportion.

PMID- 19992668
TI  - Meeting Held at Royal Society of Medicine, on March 19, 1943-Short
      Communications.

PMID- 19992669
TI  - Discussion on Medico-Legal Pitfalls in Obstetrical and Gynaecological Practice
      excluding Abortion.

PMID- 19992670
TI  - The Surgical Anatomy and Disorders of the Perianal Space: President's Address.

PMID- 19992671
TI  - Clinical Meeting Held at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street,
      London, on February 26, 1943.

PMID- 19992672
TI  - Discussion on the Decline of Breast-Feeding.

PMID- 19992673
TI  - Discussion on Atypical Pneumonia.

PMID- 19992674
TI  - Audiogram Interpretation and the Fitting of Hearing Aids.

PMID- 19992675
TI  - Contrast Media in Lesions of the Cerebral Hemisphere.

PMID- 19992677
TI  - Tuberculosis of Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19992676
TI  - Recovery of Speech Following the Evacuation of Subcortical Haematoma-Report of
      Three Cases.

PMID- 19992678
TI  - The Control of Ocular Pain.

PMID- 19992679
TI  - The Measurement of Non-Ionizing Radiations for Medical Purposes.

PMID- 19992680
TI  - Discussion on the Application of Physical Methods in the Treatment of Skin
      Diseases.

PMID- 19992681
TI  - Discussion on Ulcerative Gingivo-Stomatitis (Trench Mouth).

PMID- 19992682
TI  - Peritoneoscopy.

PMID- 19992683
TI  - An Outline of Bronchial Anatomy.

PMID- 19992684
TI  - The Time Factor in Surgical Operations.

PMID- 19992685
TI  - Trichlorethylene Anaesthesia by the Single-Dose Method.

PMID- 19992687
TI  - A New Instrument for Visual Determination of Blood-pressure: Part I.-Physical
      Considerations.

PMID- 19992686
TI  - Further Observations on Trichlorethylene.

PMID- 19992688
TI  - A New Instrument for Visual Determination of Blood-pressure: Part II.-Clinical
      Aspects.

PMID- 19992689
TI  - A Method of Keeping Anaesthetic Records and Assessing Results.

PMID- 19992690
TI  - III.-Immunity to Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19992691
TI  - IV.-Immunity to Bacteria.

PMID- 19992692
TI  - V.-Immunity to Viruses.

PMID- 19992693
TI  - Pulp Reactions to Dental Cements.

PMID- 19992694
TI  - The Distribution of the Enamel Cuticle and Its Significance.

PMID- 19992695
TI  - The Scottish Diphtheria Immunization Campaign (1941 to 1942).

PMID- 19992697
TI  - Discussion on Immersion Injuries and Vasomotor Disorders of the Limbs in Wartime.

PMID- 19992696
TI  - Electromyography in Clinical Medicine.

PMID- 19992698
TI  - Discussion on Anaesthesia and Analgesia in Obstetrical Practice.

PMID- 19992700
TI  - Discussion on the Present Position of the Lower Segment Caesarean Operation.

PMID- 19992699
TI  - Phases of Maturation, Fertilization and Early Development in Man.

PMID- 19992702
TI  - Discussion on the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Acute Abdomen from the
      Gynaecological Point of View.

PMID- 19992701
TI  - A Case of Pregnancy Complicated by Convulsions due to Cysticercosis Cellulosae.

PMID- 19992703
TI  - Some Recent Work on the Investigation and Treatment of "Meniere's" Disease.

PMID- 19992704
TI  - Discussion on the Relationship of Hypertension to Renal Disease.

PMID- 19992705
TI  - The Chest Clinician's Viewpoint of Radiographs of the Chest.

PMID- 19992706
TI  - The AEtiology of Erythema Nodosum. Abstract.

PMID- 19992707
TI  - Discussion on the Future of Radiotherapy in Dermatology.

PMID- 19992708
TI  - Amnesia in Altered States of Consciousness.

PMID- 19992709
TI  - Clinical Tests of Memory Impairment.

PMID- 19992710
TI  - John Bulwer (fl. 1654) The "Chirosopher.": Pioneer in the Treatment of the Deaf
      and Dumb and in Psychology.

PMID- 19992711
TI  - Some Observations on the Adaptation of the Double Beam Cathode-ray Oscilloscope
      to Biology and Medicine.

PMID- 19992712
TI  - The Mechanism of Valgus Foot Strain.

PMID- 19992713
TI  - Some Observations on the X-ray Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis.

PMID- 19992714
TI  - Demonstration of Apparatus for Self-activated Exercises in the Early
      Rehabilitation of the Sick and Injured.

PMID- 19992715
TI  - Alopecia with Scarring.

PMID- 19992716
TI  - Lupus Pernio.

PMID- 19992717
TI  - Acanthosis Nigricans with Discrete Warts and Marked Mucous Membrane Changes.

PMID- 19992719
TI  - Three Cases of Exfoliative Erythroderma.

PMID- 19992718
TI  - Three Cases of Reticulosis Cutis.

PMID- 19992720
TI  - Kaposi's Disease.

PMID- 19992721
TI  - Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 19992722
TI  - Early Kraurosis Valvae in a Child.

PMID- 19992723
TI  - ? Tuberculide,? Sarcoid.

PMID- 19992724
TI  - Poikiloderma of Face and Neck (Poikilodermie Reticulaire Pigmentee Civatte).

PMID- 19992725
TI  - Poikiloderma Atrophicans Vasculare Jacobi.

PMID- 19992726
TI  - Annular Cutaneous Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19992727
TI  - Idiopathic Macular Atrophy.

PMID- 19992728
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Vitamins and Hormones on the Physiology and
      Pathology of the Ear, Nose and Throat.

PMID- 19992729
TI  - Band Keratitis.

PMID- 19992730
TI  - Bilateral Buphthalmos with Congenital Anomalies of Iris and Subluxated Lens.

PMID- 19992731
TI  - Detached Retina,? Cause.

PMID- 19992732
TI  - Chorioretinitis Associated with Toxoplasma.

PMID- 19992733
TI  - Progressive Partial Thrombosis of Central Retinal Vein.

PMID- 19992734
TI  - Discussion on Functional Diseases of the Colon and Rectum.

PMID- 19992736
TI  - The State, The Criminal and the Psychiatrist: President's Address.

PMID- 19992735
TI  - The Dental Epithelium and its Significance in Tooth Development.

PMID- 19992737
TI  - The Cancer Problem from the Point of View of the Young Gynaecologist: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19992738
TI  - Electrodiagnostic Interpretations in Nerve Lesions [Abstract]: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19992739
TI  - Discussion on Burns of the Eyelids and Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19992741
TI  - The Clinical Society of London (1868-1907): President's Address.

PMID- 19992740
TI  - Severe Retrusion of the Mandible Treated by Buccal Inlay and Dental Prosthesis.

PMID- 19992742
TI  - Carcinoma of OEsophagus: Resection and OEsophago-gastrostomy.

PMID- 19992743
TI  - Case of Partial OEsophagectomy for Carcinoma with Extrathoracic Gastro
      oesophageal Anastomosis.

PMID- 19992744
TI  - Two Cases of OEsophagectomy and Anterior OEsophagoplasty.

PMID- 19992745
TI  - Transthoracic Resection of Carcinoma of the Cardia with Involvement of the Lower
      End of the OEsophagus, and OEsophago-gastrostomy.

PMID- 19992747
TI  - Psoas Abscess Containing Gas and Faeces, Secondary to a Fistula from the Caecum.

PMID- 19992746
TI  - Haemangiectatic Hepatoma.

PMID- 19992748
TI  - Periarteritis Nodosa with Marked Eosinophilia.

PMID- 19992750
TI  - The History and Progress of Gas and Air Analgesia for Midwifery: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19992749
TI  - The Present Position with Regard to the Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19992751
TI  - Impending New Developments in Radiotherapy [Abstract]: President's Address.

PMID- 19992752
TI  - Some Chapters in Cambridge Medical History.-III. William Heberden and the Age of
      Reason : President's Address.

PMID- 19992753
TI  - Mental Health: President's Address.

PMID- 19992754
TI  - Some Recent Studies and Investigations in Sterility.

PMID- 19992755
TI  - Discussion on Penicillin.

PMID- 19992756
TI  - Discussion on the State of Nutrition in Enemy-Occupied Europe.

PMID- 19992758
TI  - Pemphigus Foliaceus.

PMID- 19992757
TI  - Circumscribed Scleroderma of the Buccal Mucous Membrane.

PMID- 19992759
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19992761
TI  - Pigmented Lesion of Neck.

PMID- 19992760
TI  - Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (Darier).

PMID- 19992763
TI  - Folliculitis Decalvans in Mother and (?) in Child.

PMID- 19992762
TI  - Poikiloderma (Civatte).

PMID- 19992764
TI  - Paralysis of the Bladder [Abridged]: President's Address.

PMID- 19992765
TI  - An Examination of the Place of the Doctor in the State from Ancient Times to the
      Present Day, together with Certain Speculations Regarding the Future. [Greatly
      Abridged]: President's Address.

PMID- 19992767
TI  - The Surgical Pathology of Rectal Cancer: President's Address.

PMID- 19992766
TI  - Discussion on the Limitation and Uses of the Comparative Method of Medicine: II.
      Animal Ecology and Genetics.

PMID- 19992769
TI  - Dermatomyositis With Sclerodermatous Onset.

PMID- 19992768
TI  - Pulmonary Complications Following Simple Herniorrhaphy.

PMID- 19992770
TI  - Lipoid Necrobiosis Without Diabetes.

PMID- 19992771
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ("Dermatolysis", Alibert).

PMID- 19992772
TI  - Circinate Sarcoid.

PMID- 19992773
TI  - Nodular Leprosy.

PMID- 19992774
TI  - Occupational Melanoderma.

PMID- 19992775
TI  - Pemphigus Foliaceus.

PMID- 19992776
TI  - Lipodystrophia Progressiva.

PMID- 19992777
TI  - Comedones in an Unusual Position.

PMID- 19992778
TI  - Case of Pili Torti.

PMID- 19992779
TI  - Bilateral Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19992780
TI  - Fragilitas Ossium.

PMID- 19992781
TI  - Bilateral Pleural Effusion. Eosinophilia and Subcutaneous Nodules: For Diagnosis.

PMID- 19992782
TI  - Intrathoracic Tumour: For Diagnosis.

PMID- 19992783
TI  - Pneumonectomy for Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19992784
TI  - Solitary Cyst of Lung. Lobectomy.

PMID- 19992786
TI  - Constrictive Pericarditis with Calcification: Partial Pericardectomy.

PMID- 19992785
TI  - Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax in an Asthmatic.

PMID- 19992787
TI  - Persistent Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19992789
TI  - Mediastinal Teratoma.

PMID- 19992788
TI  - Mediastinal Tumour (? Thymoma) with Gynaecomastia.

PMID- 19992790
TI  - Haemangio-Endothelioma of Chest Wall.

PMID- 19992791
TI  - Assmann's Focus.

PMID- 19992792
TI  - Two Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treated by Pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 19992794
TI  - Tuberculoma of Lung. Removed by Lobectomy.

PMID- 19992795
TI  - Intra-ocular Foreign Body.

PMID- 19992796
TI  - Flocculi.

PMID- 19992797
TI  - The Incidence and Treatment of Ophthalmia Neonatorum.

PMID- 19992798
TI  - Epibulbar Dermoid with Rupture of Cyst Contents into Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19992799
TI  - Rupture of Retinal Cyst Causing Retinal Detachment.

PMID- 19992800
TI  - Discussion on Infective Hepatitis: Recent Field Investigations.

PMID- 19992801
TI  - Prognosis in Orthodontics: President's Address.

PMID- 19992802
TI  - Discussion on Pain in Laryngology: President's Address.

PMID- 19992803
TI  - Discussion on the Organization of a Fluorographic Service for the Civilian
      Community.

PMID- 19992804
TI  - Discussion: Aspects of the Work of the Almoner in a National Health Service.

PMID- 19992805
TI  - The Contribution of Orthopaedic Surgery to Hospital Development: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19992806
TI  - Orthopaedic Surgery and the Future [Abridged].

PMID- 19992807
TI  - Neuropsychiatric After-Effects of Cerebrospinal Fever [Abridged].

PMID- 19992808
TI  - A New Form of Group Psychotherapy [Abridged].

PMID- 19992809
TI  - Discussion on Modern Methods of Skin Grafting.

PMID- 19992810
TI  - The Effects of Rapid Decompression of the Bladder in Chronic Retention.

PMID- 19992812
TI  - (3 and 4) Total Cystectomy for Carcinoma of the Bladder.

PMID- 19992811
TI  - A Case of Cut Flexor Tendons in a Finger Successfully Treated by Primary Suture.

PMID- 19992814
TI  - Residual Ocular Palsies Following Cure of Myasthenia Gravis by Thymectomy.

PMID- 19992813
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis Treated by Thymectomy.

PMID- 19992815
TI  - Fatigue Fracture of the Tibia.

PMID- 19992817
TI  - Congenital Elephantiasis.

PMID- 19992816
TI  - Some Observations on Casualties in a Recent Air Raid.

PMID- 19992819
TI  - Multiple Primary Carcinomata.

PMID- 19992818
TI  - Amputation Under Ice Anaesthesia [Abridged].

PMID- 19992820
TI  - Discussion on Anterior Poliomyelitis: Joint Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19992821
TI  - Discussion on the Clinical Approach to Industrial Medicine.

PMID- 19992822
TI  - Discussion on the State of Nutrition in Enemy-Occupied Europe [Addendum].

PMID- 19992823
TI  - Lavoisier and the History of Respiration.

PMID- 19992824
TI  - Audibility of the Radio Voice: President's Address.

PMID- 19992825
TI  - Some Clinical Observations on Acute Catarrhal Otitis Media.

PMID- 19992826
TI  - The Relative Importance of Periosteum and Endosteum in Bone Healing and the
      Relationship of Vitamin C to their Activities.

PMID- 19992827
TI  - Ossifying Chondroma Replacing the Infrapatellar Pad of Fat.

PMID- 19992828
TI  - Posterior Dislocations of the Hip Associated with Fracture.

PMID- 19992829
TI  - The Hypermobile Ankle.

PMID- 19992830
TI  - Cases of Chloracne (See-kay Wax).

PMID- 19992831
TI  - Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (Urbach).

PMID- 19992832
TI  - Case for Diagnosis. ? Staphylococcal Eruption.

PMID- 19992833
TI  - Lepra Maculo-anaesthetica.

PMID- 19992835
TI  - Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis.

PMID- 19992834
TI  - Neurotic Excoriations and Epithelioma.

PMID- 19992836
TI  - Discussion on The Organization of the Treatment of Lupus Vulgaris: Joint
      Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19992837
TI  - Discussion on Bronchoscopy in the Prevention and Treatment of Traumatic and Post
      Operative Pulmonary Lesions: Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19992838
TI  - The American Approach to Allergy in Childhood.

PMID- 19992840
TI  - Fibrosis of the Pancreas in Infants and Children.

PMID- 19992839
TI  - Herpetic Stomatitis in Infants and Children.

PMID- 19992841
TI  - A Nutritional Survey of School Children in Oxfordshire, London and Birmingham.

PMID- 19992843
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Carcinoma of the OEsophagus.

PMID- 19992842
TI  - Cerebral Dysrhythmia: Its Significance in Aggressive Behaviour.

PMID- 19992845
TI  - Discussion on Enuresis.

PMID- 19992844
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections of the Male Genital Organs other than
      Tuberculosis and Gonorrhoea [Abridged].

PMID- 19992846
TI  - Discussion: Treatment of Carcinoma of Prostate.

PMID- 19992847
TI  - Embolism of Right Inferior Retinal Arterial Division.

PMID- 19992848
TI  - Bilateral Ptosis and Atypical Slant Eyes Associated with Unilateral Syndactyly,
      Adactyly and Brachyphalangy. A Note on the Genetics of the Case.

PMID- 19992849
TI  - Two Cases of Central Venous Thrombosis.

PMID- 19992850
TI  - Left Corneal Foreign Body (Glass Splinter) Projecting into Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19992851
TI  - The Micro-Diagnosis of Conjunctivitis Artefacta.

PMID- 19992852
TI  - Gunshot Wounds of the Head in the Acute Stage: President's Address.

PMID- 19992853
TI  - Clinical Experiences with a R.C.A.M.C. Neuropsychiatric Division in England 1940
      to 1944.

PMID- 19992855
TI  - Some Aspects of the Treatment of Parkinsonism.

PMID- 19992854
TI  - Spinal Epidural Granuloma.

PMID- 19992856
TI  - Contrecoup Lesions in the Relatively Severe Craniocerebral Injuries.

PMID- 19992857
TI  - Venous Thrombosis in the Central Nervous System.

PMID- 19992858
TI  - Discussion on the Visual Pathways.

PMID- 19992859
TI  - Experiences as a Prisoner of War in Germany.

PMID- 19992860
TI  - The Recognition and Palliative Treatment of Early Sinus Trouble in Children.

PMID- 19992861
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Sinusitis in Children.

PMID- 19992862
TI  - Cheese Itch and "Itchy Cargoes".

PMID- 19992863
TI  - Erythematous Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19992864
TI  - Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus.

PMID- 19992865
TI  - Pustular Bacteride with Acute Relapse following Sore Throat in a Patient with
      Psoriasis of the Scalp.

PMID- 19992866
TI  - Lupoid (Boeck's Sarcoid).

PMID- 19992867
TI  - Leiomyoma. ? Fibrocellular naevus.

PMID- 19992868
TI  - Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 19992870
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum (Naevus Follicularis of Brooke).

PMID- 19992869
TI  - Two Cases of Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19992871
TI  - Darier's Disease.

PMID- 19992872
TI  - Fragilitas Crinium.

PMID- 19992873
TI  - Placental Circulation.

PMID- 19992874
TI  - Two Cases.

PMID- 19992875
TI  - Gaertner's Cyst.

PMID- 19992876
TI  - Carcinoma Corporis Uteri in Two Sisters Aged 34 and 32 Years.

PMID- 19992877
TI  - Uniovular Triplets.

PMID- 19992878
TI  - Two Granulosa-celled Tumours.

PMID- 19992879
TI  - A Case of Ovarian Dysgerminoma.

PMID- 19992880
TI  - Spontaneous Reduction of the Inverted Uterus.

PMID- 19992881
TI  - Retroverted Gravid Uterus Associated with Gross Retention of Urine.

PMID- 19992883
TI  - Spontaneous Annular Detachment of the Cervix During Labour.

PMID- 19992882
TI  - Meigs' Syndrome.

PMID- 19992884
TI  - Discussion on Chronic Vulval Skin Lesions.

PMID- 19992886
TI  - Prolapse of Urethra in a Child.

PMID- 19992885
TI  - A Solid Ovarian Teratoma.

PMID- 19992888
TI  - Inversion of Rectum Through Vagina.

PMID- 19992887
TI  - Endometriosis of the Umbilicus.

PMID- 19992889
TI  - Brief Clinical Notes on Two Cases of Retroperitoneal Schwannoma.

PMID- 19992890
TI  - Discussion on the Limitations and Uses of the Comparative Method in
      Medicine(III): III. Nutrition and Endocrinology.

PMID- 19992892
TI  - The Pathology and Treatment of the Exposed Vital Pulp.

PMID- 19992891
TI  - Discussion on Infective Hepatitis, Homologous Serum Hepatitis and Arsenotherapy
      Jaundice: Transmission Experiments in Animals and Man with Material from
      Infective Hepatitis and Homologous Serum Jaundice [A Review].

PMID- 19992893
TI  - Some Aspects of Dentistry in Relation to Aviation.

PMID- 19992895
TI  - Discussion on Parenteral Diarrhoea.

PMID- 19992894
TI  - Trilene Auto-analgesia.

PMID- 19992896
TI  - Discussion on the Organization and Administration of Epidemiological Inquiries.

PMID- 19992897
TI  - Penicillin in the Treatment of Syphilis.

PMID- 19992899
TI  - Discussion on Cases Treated by Penicillin.

PMID- 19992898
TI  - Some Aspects of Bacterial Metabolism in Relation to Chemotherapy.

PMID- 19992900
TI  - The "Breviary" and "Dyetary" of Andrew Boorde (1490-1549), Physician, Priest and
      Traveller [Synopsis].

PMID- 19992901
TI  - Health and Sickness in the Merchant Navy to 1815 [Abstract].

PMID- 19992902
TI  - Records in the Older Literature of Tissue Changes in Scurvy.

PMID- 19992904
TI  - Machines for Regional Analgesia.

PMID- 19992903
TI  - Some Early British Phthisiologists.

PMID- 19992905
TI  - Some Toxic Effects following Trilene Decomposition Products [Precis].

PMID- 19992907
TI  - Discussion on Anaesthesia and Analgesia in Abdominal Operations: Joint Discussion
      No. 4.

PMID- 19992906
TI  - Electrocardiographic Changes during Trilene Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19992908
TI  - Prognosis of Peripheral Nerve Injuries.

PMID- 19992909
TI  - The Effect of Delay on the Success of Nerve Suture.

PMID- 19992910
TI  - Personal Experience of Exploration and Re-exploration of Injured Nerves.

PMID- 19992911
TI  - Discussion on Disorders of Personality after Head Injury.

PMID- 19992912
TI  - Vincent's Ulceration: The Problem of Persistent and Recurrent Infection.

PMID- 19992913
TI  - Acute Sinusitis and Technique of the Antrum Washout.

PMID- 19992914
TI  - Tuberculosis of Right Hip, with Chronic Miliary Infection of Lungs.

PMID- 19992915
TI  - Constrictive Pericarditis: Pericardial Resection.

PMID- 19992916
TI  - The Prognosis of Bronchiectasis in Childhood [Abstract].

PMID- 19992917
TI  - Intrathoracic Cyst of Gastric Type: One-Stage Removal.

PMID- 19992918
TI  - Surgical Treatment of Bronchiectasis in Children.

PMID- 19992919
TI  - Bronchiolitis in Children.

PMID- 19992920
TI  - The Importance of Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19992921
TI  - Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children.

PMID- 19992922
TI  - Bronchial Obstructions in Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19992923
TI  - The Measurement of Morbidity.

PMID- 19992924
TI  - Dissolution of Urinary Calculi.

PMID- 19992925
TI  - Discussion on Peripheral Vascular Lesions: Joint Discussion No. 5.

PMID- 19992926
TI  - Physical Constitution, Neurosis and Psychosis.

PMID- 19992927
TI  - Lupoid "rosaceous" Tuberculide.

PMID- 19992928
TI  - Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (Darier).

PMID- 19992929
TI  - Asphyxia Reticularis Multiplex (Unna).

PMID- 19992931
TI  - Chronic Buccal Moniliasis.

PMID- 19992930
TI  - Naevus Cutis Verticis Gyratus.

PMID- 19992932
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19992933
TI  - Fox-Fordyce Disease.

PMID- 19992934
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa, Adult Type.

PMID- 19992935
TI  - Alopecia, Possibly Due to Ichthyosis.

PMID- 19992936
TI  - Glomus Tumour (Forearm).

PMID- 19992937
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19992938
TI  - Lichen Plano-Pilaris.

PMID- 19992939
TI  - Nodular Leprosy.

PMID- 19992940
TI  - Papulonecrotic Tuberculide.

PMID- 19992941
TI  - Favus.

PMID- 19992942
TI  - Necrobiosis Lipoidica (Without Diabetes).

PMID- 19992943
TI  - Occupational Argyria.

PMID- 19992944
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 19992945
TI  - Discussion on the Limitations and Uses of the Comparative Method in Medicine: IV.
      Neurology and Psychiatry.

PMID- 19992946
TI  - Discussion on the Limitations and Uses of the Comparative Method in Medicine: V.
      Comparative Psychology and Animal Behaviour.

PMID- 19992947
TI  - Some Chapters in Cambridge Medical History. IV. The Early Nineteenth Century from
      Pennington to Paget.

PMID- 19992948
TI  - Discussion on Lymphoid Diseases of Upper Respiratory Tract.

PMID- 19992949
TI  - The Metabolism and Therapeutic Use of Progesterone.

PMID- 19992950
TI  - Continuous Caudal Analgesia in Obstetrics: A Preliminary Report [Precis].

PMID- 19992951
TI  - Left Retinal Lesions.

PMID- 19992952
TI  - Retinitis Punctata Albescens.

PMID- 19992953
TI  - Left Central Retinal Lesion.

PMID- 19992954
TI  - The End-Results of Operation for Detachment of the Retina.

PMID- 19992955
TI  - Left Macular Coloboma.

PMID- 19992956
TI  - The Removal of Malignant Tumours of the Iris.

PMID- 19992957
TI  - Discussion on Thiouracil and Thiourea in the Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 19992958
TI  - The Relation of Physiotherapy to Plastic Surgery.

PMID- 19992959
TI  - The Electron Microscope: Its Application to Medicine.

PMID- 19992960
TI  - Discussion on Radiotherapy in Chronic Inflammatory Conditions with Special
      Reference to Mycotic Infections.

PMID- 19992961
TI  - Discussion on the Radiotherapy of Malignant Disease of the Ovary.

PMID- 19992963
TI  - Surgical Treatment of Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19992962
TI  - Discussion on Advanced Cases of Carcinoma of the Breast treated by Stilboestrol.

PMID- 19992965
TI  - A Half-Century of Serology: President's Address.

PMID- 19992964
TI  - Discussion on the Use and Misuse of Sulphonamides in Otitis Media.

PMID- 19992966
TI  - John Zephaniah Holwell (1711-1798) and the Black Hole of Calcutta.

PMID- 19992967
TI  - Pathology: President's Address.

PMID- 19992968
TI  - Genital Tuberculosis: President's Address.

PMID- 19992969
TI  - Notes on Glaucoma [Abstract]: President's Address.

PMID- 19992970
TI  - Hinge Flap Sclerotomy Drainage Operations, Three Cases.

PMID- 19992971
TI  - Three Sisters with Familial Corneal Dystrophy.

PMID- 19992972
TI  - Haemorrhagic Coats's Disease.

PMID- 19992973
TI  - Retinal Detachment with Raised Tension.

PMID- 19992974
TI  - Five Cases: Case I.-Loose Flocculus in Anterior Chamber. Case II.-Glass in
      Anterior Chamber. Case III.-Persistent Pupillary Membrane. Cases IV and V.
      Massive Exudative Retinopathy.

PMID- 19992975
TI  - Jacobson's Organ: President's Address.

PMID- 19992976
TI  - Edward Bancroft, M.D., F.R.S., and the War of American Independence.

PMID- 19992977
TI  - Discussion on Nutrition of the Premature Infant in the First Month of Life.

PMID- 19992978
TI  - Medical Aspects of Coal-Mining.

PMID- 19992979
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis Right Ilium.

PMID- 19992980
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis Right Tibia.

PMID- 19992981
TI  - Osteomyelitis of Tibia.

PMID- 19992983
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis of Tibia and Femur.

PMID- 19992982
TI  - Acute Osteomyelitis Left Radius.

PMID- 19992984
TI  - Staphylococcal Septicaemia. Osteomyelitis of Pelvis. Recovery.

PMID- 19992986
TI  - Staphylococcal Septicaemia. Osteomyelitis of Femur. Penicillin Therapy.

PMID- 19992985
TI  - Staphylococcal Arthritis of Left Hip Treated by Large Doses of Sulphathiazole.

PMID- 19992987
TI  - Anaerobic Infection of the Finger. Systemic Penicillin.

PMID- 19992988
TI  - Interauricular Septal Defect. Haemoptyses.

PMID- 19992989
TI  - Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia Treated by Twin Grafts.

PMID- 19992990
TI  - Excision of the Proximal Row of the Carpus.

PMID- 19992991
TI  - Certain Observations on Normandy Casualties [Abridged].

PMID- 19992992
TI  - Some Methods of Non-Skeletal Traction.

PMID- 19992994
TI  - Discussion on Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer.

PMID- 19992993
TI  - Discussion on Gastritis.

PMID- 19992995
TI  - Discussion on the Influence of Nutritional Factors in Liver Disease.

PMID- 19992996
TI  - Spinal Analgesia in the Very Young and Further Observations.

PMID- 19992997
TI  - Serial Spinal Analgesia.

PMID- 19992998
TI  - Discussion on the Principles and Relationships involved in Medical and Veterinary
      Education.

PMID- 19992999
TI  - Eosinophilic Granuloma. ? Sarcoid of Boeck.

PMID- 19993000
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica (Parapsoriasis Guttata).

PMID- 19993002
TI  - Two Cases of Multiple Arsenical Cutaneous Carcinomata.

PMID- 19993001
TI  - Multiple Rodent Ulcers.

PMID- 19993003
TI  - OEsophagectomy.

PMID- 19993005
TI  - Idiopathic Steatorrhoea: Osteomalacia.

PMID- 19993004
TI  - Spina Bifida Occulta.

PMID- 19993006
TI  - Massive Renal Calculi. Squamous-Celled Carcinoma in Lung, ? Primary. ? Secondary
      to Growth in Renal Pelvis.

PMID- 19993007
TI  - Carcinoma of the Trachea.

PMID- 19993008
TI  - Plummer-Vinson Syndrome with a Post-Cricoid Web.

PMID- 19993009
TI  - Rheumatoid Arthritis with Subcutaneous Nodules.

PMID- 19993010
TI  - Smallpox and Vaccination in British India During the Last Seventy Years.

PMID- 19993011
TI  - The Physical Preparation of Commandos.

PMID- 19993013
TI  - Calcinosis in a Case of Chronic Nephritis with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 19993012
TI  - Training in Physical Medicine-Looking Ahead: President's Address.

PMID- 19993014
TI  - Pigmented Birth-Marks Treated by Thorium-X.

PMID- 19993016
TI  - Pigmentation. ? Pellagra.

PMID- 19993015
TI  - Three Cases of Port-wine Stain Treated by Thorium-X.

PMID- 19993018
TI  - Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 19993017
TI  - Pemphigus Vulgaris, Showing Arsenical Pigmentation.

PMID- 19993019
TI  - Pigmentation of Face.

PMID- 19993020
TI  - Verrucose Dermatitis of Amputation Stump.

PMID- 19993021
TI  - After-results of Treatment of Severe Lupus with Finsen Light (8 Cases).

PMID- 19993022
TI  - Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans.

PMID- 19993023
TI  - Toxic Melanodermia.

PMID- 19993024
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum.

PMID- 19993025
TI  - Discussion on Post-War Organization for the Treatment of Cancer.

PMID- 19993026
TI  - An Instrument for Testing Dark Adaptation.

PMID- 19993027
TI  - Studies in Dark Adaptation in the Detection of Deficiency of Vitamin A.

PMID- 19993029
TI  - Retinitis Circinata of Unknown Origin in a Child.

PMID- 19993028
TI  - Left Conjunctival Epithelioma. ? Atypical Mooren's Ulcer Superimposed on Old
      Mustard-Gas Damage.

PMID- 19993030
TI  - Experimental Observations of the Use of Absorbable and Non-absorbable Plastics in
      Bone Surgery.

PMID- 19993031
TI  - Cancellous Chip Grafts for the Restoration of Bone Defects.

PMID- 19993032
TI  - Principles of Treatment of Carcinoma Cervix Uteri by Radiotherapy.

PMID- 19993034
TI  - An Unusual Case of Carcinoma of the Ovaries.

PMID- 19993033
TI  - The Effect of Deep X-rays on the Peritoneal Metastases of an Ovarian Carcinoma.

PMID- 19993035
TI  - Torsion of the Great Omentum: Report on Four Cases [Abstract].

PMID- 19993036
TI  - Appendicitis in the Newborn. Report on Case 16 Days Old.

PMID- 19993037
TI  - Discussion on Diagnosis and Treatment of B. coli Pyelitis.

PMID- 19993038
TI  - Medicine in Jungle Warfare.

PMID- 19993039
TI  - The Prosthetic Aspect of the Buccal Inlay Operation [Abstract].

PMID- 19993040
TI  - Recent Advances in the Treatment of Jaw Injuries [Abstract].

PMID- 19993041
TI  - The Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis [Abridged].

PMID- 19993043
TI  - The Causation of Mongolism and Its Prognosis [Abridged].

PMID- 19993042
TI  - The Management of Osteo-arthritis [Abridged].

PMID- 19993045
TI  - Atavistic Pigmentation.

PMID- 19993044
TI  - War Psychiatry in the Merchant Navy.

PMID- 19993046
TI  - Two Cases of Multiple Arsenical Cutaneous Carcinomata.

PMID- 19993047
TI  - Occupational Argyria.

PMID- 19993048
TI  - Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19993049
TI  - Infantile Acne.

PMID- 19993050
TI  - Atypical Erythema Annulare Centrifugum.

PMID- 19993051
TI  - Favus.

PMID- 19993053
TI  - Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

PMID- 19993052
TI  - Lupus Verrucosus.

PMID- 19993054
TI  - Discussion on Anaesthesia in the Dental Chair.

PMID- 19993055
TI  - Discussion on the Development of Health in Adolescents.

PMID- 19993056
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Infertility.

PMID- 19993057
TI  - Discussion on the Radiotherapy of Tumours of the Kidney and Bladder.

PMID- 19993058
TI  - Discussion on the Veterinary and Medical Control of the Milk Supply.

PMID- 19993059
TI  - Experimental Foetal Death: The Surviving Placenta.

PMID- 19993060
TI  - Blood Electrolytes in Clinical Medicine: President's Address.

PMID- 19993062
TI  - Causes of Failure in the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis.

PMID- 19993061
TI  - A Review of the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Ulcerative Colitis: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19993063
TI  - Tantalum Implants for Skull Defects.

PMID- 19993065
TI  - Experiments in Artificial Respiration and in Asphyxia [Abstract].

PMID- 19993064
TI  - Discussion on Extradural Spinal Block.

PMID- 19993067
TI  - (II) Bilateral Vagus Block [Abridged].

PMID- 19993066
TI  - (I) Intrasternal Anaesthesia [Abridged].

PMID- 19993068
TI  - The International Sanitary Convention of 1944.

PMID- 19993069
TI  - Subjective Psychological Responses of Patients Undergoing Physical Treatment in
      Mental Disorders [Abstract].

PMID- 19993070
TI  - Cases:-Sarcoma of Cervix. Primary Carcinoma of Fallopian Tube. Primary Sarcoma of
      Fallopian Tube. Grossesse Extramembraneuse. An Unusual Ectopic Pregnancy.
      Chocolate Cysts of the Ovary (Ovarian Endometriosis) and Pregnancy: A Report of
      Two Cases Occurring in Sisters. Acromegaly with Pregnancy. Anaemia in a Rhesus
      negative Woman during Pregnancy with a Rhesus-positive Foetus. Breech
      Presentation with Fracture of the Foetal Neck: Recovery. Ulceration of the Mouth
      Associated with Recurrent Ulceration of Vulva. Tuberculosis of the Cervix, Uterus
      and Appendages. Necrosis of the Liver and Massive Bilateral Suprarenal
      Haemorrhage in a Puerperal Woman. Torsion of the Pregnant Uterus. Rupture of the
      Symphysis Pubis. Symphyseal Osteo-arthropathy. Rupture of the Uterus Self
      produced. Hydatidiform Mole with a 16-Weeks Foetus. Papillary Cystic Carcinoma.
      Granulosa-cell Carcinoma. Papillomatous Adenoma. Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage
      Causing Death in a Woman near Term.

PMID- 19993072
TI  - Photographic Record of Follicular Keratosis.

PMID- 19993071
TI  - Multiple Minute Fibro-angiomata of Face and Ears (Pringle's Disease, Darier's
      Type). ? Morphoea with Tuberculous Histology: ? Necrobiosis Lipoidica. Mucin in
      Granuloma Annulare. Angiokeratoma. A Form of "Mamillated Tongue". Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 19993073
TI  - Vitamin A and the Skin.

PMID- 19993074
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta.

PMID- 19993075
TI  - Bone Tumours and Their Radiological Implications [Abstract]: President's Address.

PMID- 19993077
TI  - Discussion on Treatment of Carcinoma of the Larynx.

PMID- 19993076
TI  - Discussion on Rationale of Radiotherapeutic Technique in Carcinoma of the Larynx
      [Abridged].

PMID- 19993078
TI  - Discussion on Treatment of Unilateral Osteoarthritis of the Hip-Joint.

PMID- 19993080
TI  - Discussion on the School Medical Service-Present and Future.

PMID- 19993079
TI  - Discussion on Subdural Haematoma in Infancy.

PMID- 19993082
TI  - Steatorrhoea due to Lymphatic Obstruction.

PMID- 19993081
TI  - Discussion on the Pathology and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Colon: Joint
      Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19993083
TI  - Discussion: The Physiology and Treatment of Starvation.

PMID- 19993084
TI  - Discussion on the Factors concerned in Blood Coagulation and their Clinical
      Significance.

PMID- 19993085
TI  - Auenbrugger and Laennec: The Discoverers of Percussion and Auscultation.

PMID- 19993087
TI  - Discussion: Treatment of Endocranial Complications of Otitic Origin.

PMID- 19993086
TI  - Conclusions Based on Twenty-Five Years' Practice in Mastoid Surgery: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19993088
TI  - Discussion on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Abscess.

PMID- 19993089
TI  - The Force of Expiration as a Sign in Anaesthesia [Abbreviated].

PMID- 19993090
TI  - Condition of Children in France under the Occupation.

PMID- 19993092
TI  - Cysts Involving the Ramus of the Mandible.

PMID- 19993091
TI  - Child Life and Health in Belgium during and after the German Occupation
      [Abstract].

PMID- 19993093
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the Jaw.

PMID- 19993094
TI  - Four Months in Tristan da Cunha [Summary].

PMID- 19993095
TI  - Migrations of Teeth following Extractions.

PMID- 19993096
TI  - Duane's Retraction Syndrome.

PMID- 19993097
TI  - Injury to the Left Eyebrow Associated with Severe Visual Loss.

PMID- 19993098
TI  - The Corrosion of Sharp-edged Ophthalmic Instruments [Summary].

PMID- 19993099
TI  - An Artery in the Canal of Schlemm.

PMID- 19993100
TI  - The Effect of Aluminium and its Alloys on Human and Rabbit Eyes [Synopsis].

PMID- 19993101
TI  - Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Simplified Method (Film).

PMID- 19993102
TI  - Diphtheria Antigens-Their Preparation, Properties, Laboratory Testing and
      Statutory Control.

PMID- 19993103
TI  - Sudden Onset of Tachycardia and Arrhythmia. Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia with
      Atrio-Ventricular Block. ? Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19993105
TI  - Pulsating Exophthalmos.

PMID- 19993104
TI  - Aplastic Anaemia Treated by Splenectomy.

PMID- 19993106
TI  - Cyst-like Calcification in Left Ventricle.

PMID- 19993107
TI  - Cervico-Facial Actinomycosis. Penicillin Therapy.

PMID- 19993108
TI  - Aortic Regurgitation, with Evidence of Stenosis of Innominate Artery.

PMID- 19993109
TI  - Carcinoma of Lower End of OEsophagus. Radical Resection with OEsophagogastrostomy
      by a Left Transpleural Approach.

PMID- 19993110
TI  - Carcinoma of the OEsophagus. Radical Resection with OEsophago-gastrostomy for a
      Midthoracic Growth by a Right Transpleural Approach.

PMID- 19993111
TI  - Excision of the Parotid Gland with Preservation of the Facial Nerve. Three Cases.

PMID- 19993113
TI  - The Patient: A Neglected Factor in the History of Medicine.

PMID- 19993112
TI  - Robert Hooke, M.D., F.R.S., with Special Reference to His Work in Medicine and
      Biology.

PMID- 19993114
TI  - The Paget Cell: Its Structure, Occurrence and Significance.

PMID- 19993116
TI  - Cutaneous Lipoidosis (? Xanthoma Eruptivum).

PMID- 19993115
TI  - Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19993117
TI  - Psoriasis and Alopecia.

PMID- 19993118
TI  - Epithelioma Adenoides Cysticum.

PMID- 19993119
TI  - Multiple Chronic Ulcers of the Upper Arms and Trunk. (?) Cause.

PMID- 19993120
TI  - Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (Darier).

PMID- 19993122
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19993121
TI  - Plexiform Neuroma of Tongue.

PMID- 19993123
TI  - Treatment of the Retained Testis.

PMID- 19993124
TI  - The Value of Early Closure of Wounds.

PMID- 19993125
TI  - Discussion on the Control of Rickettsial Infections.

PMID- 19993126
TI  - Discussion on Modern Conceptions of Industrial Lung Diseases.

PMID- 19993127
TI  - Discussion on an Upper Respiratory Clinic for Children (The Willesden General
      Hospital London).

PMID- 19993128
TI  - Anaesthesia in Operations for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus [Abridged].

PMID- 19993129
TI  - Preparation of the Diabetic Patient for Operation.

PMID- 19993130
TI  - A Brief Account of Anaesthetics given in a Field Surgical Unit in the B.L.A.

PMID- 19993131
TI  - Radiology of the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19993132
TI  - The Significance of the Latent Period which Elapses Between Onset and
      Radiographic Appearances.

PMID- 19993133
TI  - Parenteral Infections in Gastro-Enteritis with Special Reference to Mastoiditis.

PMID- 19993134
TI  - Rickets Resistant to Vitamin D: Healing with Very Heavy Dosage of Vitamin D,
      Fluctuations in Vitamin D Requirement, Development of Toxic Symptoms, and of Non
      Rachitic Changes in Bones.

PMID- 19993135
TI  - Rickets Resistant to Vitamin D: Healing with Very Heavy Dosage of Vitamin D,
      Fluctuations in Vitamin D Requirement, Development of Hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 19993137
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Megalo-ureters with Hydronephrosis: A Remarkable Family
      History.

PMID- 19993136
TI  - Glioma of Optic Chiasma.

PMID- 19993138
TI  - Hyperplasia of Gums with Epanutin Therapy. Two Cases.

PMID- 19993139
TI  - Congenital Deformities. Two Cases.

PMID- 19993140
TI  - Discussion on Penicillin in the Treatment of Disease in Childhood.

PMID- 19993142
TI  - The Physical Basis of Radiant Heat Therapy.

PMID- 19993141
TI  - Physical Methods in the Management of Septic Conditions: (Resume of Introductory
      Remarks to a Clinical Meeting Held at St. Thomas's Hospital).

PMID- 19993143
TI  - Orbital Tumours.

PMID- 19993145
TI  - Acroparaesthesia. [A Summary].

PMID- 19993144
TI  - Orbital Tumours.

PMID- 19993146
TI  - The Anatomy of the Thoracic Outlet in Relation to "Irritation" and Compression of
      Nerve Trunks.

PMID- 19993147
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Acute Meningitis.

PMID- 19993148
TI  - The Consideration of Functional Disabilities in Orthopaedics.

PMID- 19993149
TI  - A Modified Smith-Petersen Nail for Fractures of the Neck of the Femur.

PMID- 19993150
TI  - A One Screw Technique in Oblique Fractures of Tibia.

PMID- 19993152
TI  - A Case of Pathological Dislocation of the Hip-and What Happened to an Epiphyseal
      Transplant.

PMID- 19993151
TI  - Intramuscular Vascular Patterns in Man.

PMID- 19993154
TI  - Ligature of the Internal Maxillary Artery through the Antrum for Uncontrollable
      Epistaxis (Specimens and Instruments).

PMID- 19993153
TI  - Eleven Cases Presented after Laryngectomy: Ability to Talk.

PMID- 19993155
TI  - Tumour of the Left Ethmoid.

PMID- 19993157
TI  - Carotid Body Tumour.

PMID- 19993156
TI  - Extensive Pharyngeal Ulceration.

PMID- 19993158
TI  - Bilateral Abductor Palsy Following Thyroid Operation.

PMID- 19993159
TI  - External Operation on the Nasal Sinuses.

PMID- 19993160
TI  - Anaesthesia for Surgery of Nasal Sinuses.

PMID- 19993161
TI  - Primary War Injuries Involving the Nose and Sinuses.

PMID- 19993162
TI  - Lesions of the Facial Nerve Due to War Injuries and Their Repair.

PMID- 19993163
TI  - Demonstration of R.A.F. Hearing Tests.

PMID- 19993165
TI  - The Recuperative Power of the Dental Pulp.

PMID- 19993164
TI  - Cervico-Facial Actinomycosis [Abridged].

PMID- 19993167
TI  - Visual Education in Dentistry [Abstract].

PMID- 19993166
TI  - Epithelial Inlays to the Labial Sulcus of the Mandible.

PMID- 19993168
TI  - Case of Pseudo-Hermaphroditism and Adrenalism.

PMID- 19993170
TI  - Sulphonamides in Urinary Disease.

PMID- 19993169
TI  - Penicillin in Urinary Infections.

PMID- 19993171
TI  - Discussion on Urinary Complications of Pregnancy: Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19993172
TI  - Reconstruction of a Completely Destroyed Urethra: Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19993173
TI  - Repair of Vesico-vaginal Fistula: Incontinence Controlled by Fascial Graft: Joint
      Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19993174
TI  - Two Cases Showing Unusual Intra-ocular Foreign Bodies.

PMID- 19993175
TI  - A Case of Myasthenia Gravis Showing Recurrent Monocular Paralytic Manifestations.

PMID- 19993176
TI  - Exophthalmos Following Abrupt Discontinuation of Thyroid Medication for Obesity.

PMID- 19993177
TI  - Discussion on Exophthalmos and Endocrine Disturbance.

PMID- 19993178
TI  - Discussion on Biochemistry and Psychiatry.

PMID- 19993179
TI  - Recent Civilian Experiences with Psychiatric Rehabilitation.

PMID- 19993180
TI  - The Value of Induced Dissociated States in the Therapeutic Process.

PMID- 19993181
TI  - Constructive Factors in the Personality.

PMID- 19993182
TI  - Late Results of Albee Fixation of Tuberculosis of the Spine.

PMID- 19993183
TI  - Cases of Chronic Suppurative Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19993184
TI  - Conservative Treatment of Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture.

PMID- 19993185
TI  - Excision of the Femoral Head and Neck in Cases of Ankylosis and Osteoarthritis of
      the Hips.

PMID- 19993186
TI  - Discussion on the Management of the Permanent Colostomy.

PMID- 19993187
TI  - Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (1845-1923) and the Early Development of Radiology.

PMID- 19993189
TI  - Some New Facts Concerning the Prognosis and Treatment of Carcinoma of Cervix by
      Radiation.

PMID- 19993188
TI  - Observations on Certain Rheological Properties of Human Cervical Secretion.
AB  - The object of this Communication was to demonstrate two rheological properties of
      cervical secretion, namely, flow-elasticity and Spinnbarkeit. There is evidence
      that these properties undergo cyclic variation during the menstrual cycle and
      bear relation to ovulation, to penetrability by spermatozoa and to pregnancy. By
      means of the menstroscope, designed by Scott Blair, flow-elasticity or elastic
      recoil can be measured. It is found to be most marked at the time of ovulation
      when also the mucus is thin and transparent. Spinnbarkeit-the capacity of liquids
      to be drawn into threads-is also capable of accurate measurement by drawing away
      a coverslip placed on a blob of mucus which is drawn out into a long thread. It
      is also more marked at the time of ovulation and is almost absent in pregnancy.
      Plasticity and tack, two further properties of cervical mucus, were also
      discussed. It is believed that these tests will prove to be of value in diagnosis
      of ovulation and in the study of sterility.

PMID- 19993190
TI  - Congenital Defects Following Rubella in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993191
TI  - Notes on Certain Trends in Public Health Work in the City of New York and in the
      States of New York, Massachusetts and Georgia.

PMID- 19993193
TI  - The Medical Career of Jean-Paul Marat.

PMID- 19993192
TI  - Some Surgical Aspects of Urinary Bilharziasis.

PMID- 19993194
TI  - International Biological Standards: Prospect and Retrospect.

PMID- 19993195
TI  - Abnormal Mesodermal Pigmentation.

PMID- 19993196
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris with Miliary Lymphatic Spread. Epithelioma.

PMID- 19993197
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19993198
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides with Necrotic Lesions (Habermann).

PMID- 19993199
TI  - Keratoderma Punctata.

PMID- 19993200
TI  - Hypertension.

PMID- 19993201
TI  - The Training of Clinical Teachers: President's Address.

PMID- 19993203
TI  - The Eradication of Tuberculosis in Cattle. Disease in Relation to Animal
      Husbandry.

PMID- 19993202
TI  - Tribromethyl Alcohol (Avertin, Bromethol). 1928-1945: President's Address.

PMID- 19993204
TI  - Some Chapters in Cambridge Medical History V. Clifford Allbutt and the Transition
      from the Nineteenth Century.

PMID- 19993205
TI  - Angioma Serpiginosum (Crocker).

PMID- 19993206
TI  - Poikilodermia Atrophicans Vascularis.

PMID- 19993207
TI  - Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis.

PMID- 19993208
TI  - Kaposi's Angiosarcoma.

PMID- 19993209
TI  - Benign Lymphogranuloma of Schaumann with Apparent Involvement of the Anterior
      Pituitary.

PMID- 19993210
TI  - Reticulosis.

PMID- 19993211
TI  - Favus.

PMID- 19993212
TI  - Multiple Chronic Ulcers of the Upper Trunk in a Young Woman. ? Acne Conglobata.

PMID- 19993213
TI  - Multiple Chronic Ulcers of the Arms and Trunk. ? Cause.

PMID- 19993214
TI  - Circinate Sarcoids of the Face and Limbs.

PMID- 19993215
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa.

PMID- 19993216
TI  - Non-diabetic Necrobiosis Lipoidica.

PMID- 19993217
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris Treated With Calciferol.

PMID- 19993218
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris Verrucosus of the Buttocks.

PMID- 19993219
TI  - Reflections on the Development and Present General Application of Acrylic to
      Conservative Procedures.

PMID- 19993220
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SURGERY OF THE PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS.

PMID- 19993221
TI  - Acute Rheumatism in Military History.

PMID- 19993222
TI  - Cardiac Folk-Lore.

PMID- 19993223
TI  - Non-specific Intestinal Granuloma: President's Address.

PMID- 19993224
TI  - Pulmonary Haemosiderosis.

PMID- 19993225
TI  - Refractory Anaemia.

PMID- 19993226
TI  - Nephrocalcinosis associated with Hyperchloraemia.

PMID- 19993227
TI  - Two Cases of Banti's Syndrome: Hepatomegaly with Anaemia.

PMID- 19993228
TI  - Collapsed Intervertebral Discs following Lumbar Puncture.

PMID- 19993229
TI  - Two Cases of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

PMID- 19993231
TI  - DISCUSSION: FORWARD PSYCHIATRY IN THE ARMY.

PMID- 19993230
TI  - Trigeminal Naevus and Homolateral Intracranial Angioma associated with
      Hypertelorism.

PMID- 19993233
TI  - Physical Medicine in the Army: Its Effect on Civil Practice. [Abstract.]:
      President's Address.

PMID- 19993232
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF DIET IN MENTAL ILLNESS.

PMID- 19993235
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE DISABLED PERSONS (EMPLOYMENT) ACT,
      1944.

PMID- 19993234
TI  - The Use of X-rays in the Treatment of Indurations due to Scars and Chronic
      Inflammation.

PMID- 19993236
TI  - DISCUSSION ON D.D.T.

PMID- 19993237
TI  - Neurological Experiences in the Middle East and India.

PMID- 19993238
TI  - An Unusual Form of Epidemic Food-Poisoning with Neurological Symptoms.

PMID- 19993239
TI  - Nutritional Disorders of the Nervous System in the Middle East.

PMID- 19993240
TI  - A Central Nervous Deficiency Syndrome.

PMID- 19993241
TI  - Sepsis and Asepsis in Spinal Analgesia.

PMID- 19993242
TI  - A Consideration of Uretero-Colic Union and Some Experiences in the Operation:
      President's Address.

PMID- 19993244
TI  - Double Urethra in a Male.

PMID- 19993243
TI  - True Aneurysm of Left Renal Artery.

PMID- 19993245
TI  - Spinal Anaesthesia and its Effect on a Case of Hydronephrosis and Hydro-ureter.

PMID- 19993247
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE METHODS TO BE EMPLOYED IN ERADICATING TUBERCULOSIS OF BOVINE
      ORIGIN FROM THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL POPULATIONS.

PMID- 19993246
TI  - Treatment of Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis: President's Address.

PMID- 19993248
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris with Ainhum and Syringomyelia.

PMID- 19993249
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris treated with Calciferol.

PMID- 19993250
TI  - Kaposi's Idiopathic Sarcoma (With sections).

PMID- 19993252
TI  - Black Hairy Tongue.

PMID- 19993251
TI  - Lupus Erythematosus in a Girl aged 10.

PMID- 19993253
TI  - Multiple Keloids following Varicella.

PMID- 19993254
TI  - Herpes Zoster.

PMID- 19993255
TI  - Xanthoma of Hands.

PMID- 19993256
TI  - Sense and Sensibility in the Treatment of Cancer: President's Address.

PMID- 19993257
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ABDOMINAL INCISIONS.

PMID- 19993258
TI  - Penicillin in Ophthalmology (Abstract).

PMID- 19993260
TI  - Nutritional Retrobulbar Neuritis.

PMID- 19993259
TI  - Neuro-retinitis of Unknown Origin.

PMID- 19993261
TI  - Ocular Myiasis.

PMID- 19993263
TI  - Plastic Artificial Eyes.

PMID- 19993262
TI  - Myotonic Pupils with Unilateral Myosis on Drinking Cold Water.

PMID- 19993264
TI  - Some Aspects of the Normal Histology of the Suspensory Ligament of the Lens.

PMID- 19993265
TI  - The Nervus Nasalis Complex of Charlin.

PMID- 19993266
TI  - Anaesthesia for Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery.

PMID- 19993267
TI  - Cochlear Deafness : President's Address.

PMID- 19993269
TI  - Rehabilitation in Vestibular Injuries.

PMID- 19993268
TI  - Vestibular Injuries.

PMID- 19993270
TI  - Some Temporal Bones which had been Subjected to Mastoid Operations.

PMID- 19993271
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENICILLIN IN RHINOLOGY.

PMID- 19993272
TI  - Personnel Selection: By Whom ?

PMID- 19993273
TI  - Discussion on the Toxaemia of Gas Gangrene.

PMID- 19993275
TI  - Hepatitis with Abscess Infected by Staph. pyogenes and B. coli.

PMID- 19993274
TI  - Thiouracil Agranulocytosis: Recovery on Pyridoxine.

PMID- 19993276
TI  - Primary Splenic Granulocytopenia and Lymphopenia.

PMID- 19993278
TI  - Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia Follow Up.

PMID- 19993277
TI  - Generalized Erythrodermia (? Malignant Reticulosis).

PMID- 19993279
TI  - Splenomegaly with Leucopenia.

PMID- 19993281
TI  - Splenectomy in the Treatment of the Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PMID- 19993280
TI  - Para-oesophageal Hernia as a Cause of Recurrent Gastro-intestinal Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19993282
TI  - Chronic Haemolytic Polycythaemia.

PMID- 19993283
TI  - Resection of Small Intestine for Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis.

PMID- 19993284
TI  - Suppurative Pylephlebitis with Recovery.

PMID- 19993285
TI  - OEsophagectomy for Carcinoma. Ante-thoracic Jejunal Graft.

PMID- 19993286
TI  - Malignant Hypertension.

PMID- 19993287
TI  - Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Goitre and Raised B.M.R.

PMID- 19993288
TI  - Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension.

PMID- 19993289
TI  - A Simple Technique for Capillary Microscopy.

PMID- 19993290
TI  - Dysplasia Epiphysealis Multiplex.

PMID- 19993291
TI  - Cerebral Palsy.

PMID- 19993293
TI  - An Analysis of the Failures of the Smith-Petersen Operation for Fracture of the
      Femoral Neck.

PMID- 19993292
TI  - Pillion Fractures.

PMID- 19993294
TI  - The Epidemiology of the 1945 Outbreak of Poliomyelitis in Mauritius [Summary].

PMID- 19993296
TI  - Retropubic Prostatectomy.

PMID- 19993295
TI  - Popular Health Education.

PMID- 19993297
TI  - Observations on the Value of Electromyography in Lesions Involving the Lower
      Motor Neurone in Man.

PMID- 19993299
TI  - Adolescent Deformities of the Spine.

PMID- 19993298
TI  - The Value of Electromyography in Lesions Involving the Lower Motor Neurone.

PMID- 19993300
TI  - Arterial Supply of the Mandible.

PMID- 19993302
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE STETHOSCOPE VERSUS X-RAYS.

PMID- 19993301
TI  - A Comparative Study of the Innervation of the Epithelium of the Gum.

PMID- 19993303
TI  - DISCUSSION: NUTRITIONAL NEUROPATHY IN REPATRIATED PRISONERS OF WAR FROM THE FAR
      EAST.

PMID- 19993305
TI  - Mixed Salivary Gland Tumour in Palate.

PMID- 19993304
TI  - Disorders of the Sympathetic Nervous System [Abstract].

PMID- 19993306
TI  - Squamous-celled Carcinoma of Left Cheek Treated by Operation; (2) Squamous-celled
      Carcinoma of Left Tonsil.

PMID- 19993307
TI  - Tumour of Nasal Septum (Chondrosarcoma). Operation and Recurrence.

PMID- 19993308
TI  - Boeck's Sarcoidosis with Nasal Lesion.

PMID- 19993310
TI  - Chondroma.

PMID- 19993309
TI  - Laryngeal Granuloma following Intratracheal Anaesthesia.

PMID- 19993311
TI  - DISCUSSION ON IDIOPATHIC RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE PALSIES.

PMID- 19993312
TI  - Treatment of Acute Osteomyelitis with Penicillin: Joint Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19993313
TI  - Demonstration.

PMID- 19993314
TI  - DISCUSSION ON NEONATAL INFECTIONS.

PMID- 19993315
TI  - DISCUSSION: INTESTINAL DISORDERS OF THE NEWBORN.

PMID- 19993316
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHETICS IN TROPICAL CLIMATES.

PMID- 19993317
TI  - A Milestone in Anaesthesia?: (d-Tubocurarine Chloride).

PMID- 19993319
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CORTICAL ATROPHY.

PMID- 19993318
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CARCINOMA OF LOWER OESOPHAGUS AND CARDIA.

PMID- 19993320
TI  - Unilateral Hyperplasia of the Mandibular Condyle.

PMID- 19993322
TI  - DISCUSSION: PREFRONTAL LEUCOTOMY WITH REFERENCE TO INDICATIONS AND RESULTS.

PMID- 19993321
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE VALUE OF PLAY THERAPY IN CHILD PSYCHIATRY.

PMID- 19993323
TI  - Lesion of Left Macula.

PMID- 19993324
TI  - Tuberculosis of the Conjunctiva.

PMID- 19993325
TI  - DISCUSSION: INDICATIONS FOR THE TECHNIQUE OF INTRACAPSULAR EXTRACTION OF
      CATARACT.

PMID- 19993327
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PHOTOGRAPHY IN RELATION TO DERMATOLOGY.

PMID- 19993326
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENICILLIN IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS.

PMID- 19993329
TI  - Poikiloderma Jacobi: Atrophic Lichen Planus.

PMID- 19993328
TI  - Patchy Punctate Pigmentation.

PMID- 19993330
TI  - Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans.

PMID- 19993332
TI  - Chronic Burrowing Ulcers of the Leg.

PMID- 19993331
TI  - Reticulo-endothelioma (Spiegler-Fendt Tumour).

PMID- 19993333
TI  - DISCUSSION ON VASCULAR INJURIES IN WAR.

PMID- 19993334
TI  - DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS: Joint Discussion No. 2.

PMID- 19993335
TI  - The Influence of Medical Poets on English Poetry: President's Address.

PMID- 19993336
TI  - Male Eunuchism Considered in the Light of the Historical Method.

PMID- 19993337
TI  - The Birth of Modern Endocrinology: Inaugural Address.

PMID- 19993338
TI  - Addison's Disease and Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993339
TI  - Two Brothers, with Infantilism or Eunuchoidism.

PMID- 19993340
TI  - Gynaecomastia with Bilateral Undescended Testes in a Man aged 21.

PMID- 19993341
TI  - Chronic Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 19993343
TI  - Cushing's Pituitary Basophilism treated successfully by Deep X-ray Therapy.

PMID- 19993342
TI  - Hypogonadism (Eunuchoidism) with Ununited Epiphyses.

PMID- 19993344
TI  - Male Gynaecomastia: Testicular Atrophy.

PMID- 19993345
TI  - Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Intestinal Mucosa.

PMID- 19993346
TI  - Some Observations on the AEtiology and Treatment of Sprue.

PMID- 19993347
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RHINOLOGY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND AFRICAN AREAS.

PMID- 19993348
TI  - Tomography in the Diagnosis of Lung Carcinoma.

PMID- 19993349
TI  - Some Observations on Radiology of the Pancreas.

PMID- 19993350
TI  - Experimental Study of the Vertebral Venous System: Preliminary Report.

PMID- 19993351
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF MEDICAMENTS IN DISEASES OF THE COLON AND RECTUM.

PMID- 19993353
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BACTERIAEMIA IN PUERPERAL SEPSIS.

PMID- 19993352
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PLACENTA PRAEVIA.

PMID- 19993354
TI  - DISCUSSION ON WATER METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY.

PMID- 19993355
TI  - The Problem of "Postmaturity".

PMID- 19993356
TI  - Endometriosis of the Colon.

PMID- 19993357
TI  - Full-term Abdominal Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993358
TI  - Xanthofibroma Thecocellulare, which became the Site of a Secondary Carcinoma from
      the Opposite Ovary.

PMID- 19993359
TI  - Cervical Missed Abortion.

PMID- 19993360
TI  - Melanoma of the Vulva with Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993362
TI  - Malignant Granulosa-Cell Tumour.

PMID- 19993361
TI  - Ovarian Cyst with Twisted Omental Pedicle.

PMID- 19993363
TI  - Myxosarcoma of the Broad Ligament.

PMID- 19993365
TI  - Pelvic Leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 19993364
TI  - Suprarenal Haemorrhage Complicating the Puerperium.

PMID- 19993366
TI  - Clinical Meeting Held at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London.

PMID- 19993367
TI  - Clinical Meeting Held at the National Hospital, London, April 4, 1946.

PMID- 19993368
TI  - The Influence of Wave-lengths on Certain Lesions Produced by the Irradiation of
      Mice.

PMID- 19993369
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF MENINGITIS SECONDARY TO INFECTION OF THE EAR
      AND NASAL SINUSES.

PMID- 19993370
TI  - Phthisis in the Seventeenth Century: Growth and Development of Knowledge.

PMID- 19993371
TI  - Intravenous Pentothal as the Sole Anaesthetic for Tonsillectomy.

PMID- 19993372
TI  - Personal Experience of Bronchoscopy.

PMID- 19993373
TI  - Luminous Indicators: Short Preliminary Report.

PMID- 19993374
TI  - DISCUSSION ON DENTAL STRUCTURE AND DENTAL CARIES.

PMID- 19993375
TI  - A Case of Kostecka's Operation for the Correction of the Prognathous Mandible.

PMID- 19993376
TI  - Homologous Serum Jaundice.

PMID- 19993377
TI  - Homologous Serum Hepatitis.

PMID- 19993379
TI  - Progress and Problems in Port Health Administration.

PMID- 19993378
TI  - Two Cases of Homologous Serum Jaundice.

PMID- 19993380
TI  - RADIATION TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL TUMOURS: Joint Discussion No. 3.

PMID- 19993381
TI  - Cases Shown at Meeting Held on April 18, 1946.

PMID- 19993382
TI  - Cases Shown at Meeting Held on May 16, 1946.

PMID- 19993383
TI  - Clinical Meeting at Birmingham, May 25, 1946.

PMID- 19993384
TI  - Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia in Infancy and Childhood.

PMID- 19993386
TI  - Cases Shown at Meeting Held on April 12, 1946.

PMID- 19993385
TI  - The Treatment of Coeliac Disease with Vitamin B Complex and Liver Extract.

PMID- 19993387
TI  - Cases Shown at Meeting Held on May 10, 1946.

PMID- 19993389
TI  - A Method of Treating Fractures of the Neck of the Talus.

PMID- 19993388
TI  - A Method of Treating Bennett's Fracture.

PMID- 19993390
TI  - The Treatment of Bone Tuberculosis in Relation to Multiple Tuberculous Lesions.

PMID- 19993391
TI  - The Treatment of the Uncorrected Clubfoot in Childhood.

PMID- 19993392
TI  - Sacro-iliac Arthrodesis.

PMID- 19993393
TI  - Arterial Advances of Orthopaedic Concern.

PMID- 19993394
TI  - Tendon Transplantation for Radial Paralysis.

PMID- 19993395
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SPINAL CARIES WITH PARAPLEGIA: Joint Discussion No. 4.

PMID- 19993396
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LEUKAEMIA AND LEUKOSIS IN MAN AND ANIMALS.

PMID- 19993397
TI  - The Female Urethra and its Relation to Upper Urinary Tract Infections (Abridged).

PMID- 19993398
TI  - Urological Reflections.

PMID- 19993399
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE RED BLOOD CORPUSCLE.

PMID- 19993400
TI  - Peculiarities in the Pathology of Cancer of the Ano-Rectal Region.

PMID- 19993401
TI  - A Brief Surgical Review of 201 Malignant Growths of the Ano-Rectal Region.

PMID- 19993402
TI  - The Surgical Complications of Amoebic Dysentery.

PMID- 19993403
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PLACE OF THE RADIOLOGIST IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE.

PMID- 19993404
TI  - The Depersonalization Syndrome.

PMID- 19993405
TI  - Penicillin Concentration in the Blood and Milk of Bovines.

PMID- 19993406
TI  - An Outbreak of Industrial Fluorosis in Cattle.

PMID- 19993407
TI  - The Chick-Embryo in Chemotherapeutic Research.

PMID- 19993408
TI  - Leishmaniasis in Greece.

PMID- 19993409
TI  - Evidence for a Vascular Mechanism in Meniere's Syndrome.

PMID- 19993410
TI  - Meniere's Disease-A Critical Review.

PMID- 19993411
TI  - Report on 110 Cases of Acute Infection of the Ear Treated With Penicillin.

PMID- 19993412
TI  - The Application of Electromyography to Affections of the Facial and the Intrinsic
      Laryngeal Muscles.

PMID- 19993414
TI  - Cases Shown at Clinical Meeting at Torbay Hospital, June 15, 1946.

PMID- 19993413
TI  - A New OEsophagoscope.

PMID- 19993415
TI  - The Pathological Society of London.

PMID- 19993416
TI  - Cellular Pathology.

PMID- 19993417
TI  - Chemical Pathology.

PMID- 19993418
TI  - Viruses.

PMID- 19993419
TI  - Retinal Periphlebitis.

PMID- 19993420
TI  - Bilateral Aphakic Retinal Detachment (A case showing unusual restoration of
      central vision following reposition).

PMID- 19993421
TI  - The Optical Control of Sharp Ophthalmic Instruments.

PMID- 19993422
TI  - Inverse Graphism, Mirror Writing and General Behaviour of Twins.

PMID- 19993423
TI  - Recurrent Proptosis Due to Cavernous Lymphangioma of the Orbit.

PMID- 19993424
TI  - Recent Developments in the Manufacture, Fitting and Prescription of Contact
      Lenses of Regular Shape.

PMID- 19993425
TI  - Miliary Aneurysms in Macular Region of Left Eye.

PMID- 19993426
TI  - Sudden Shifts of Body Fluids: President's Address.

PMID- 19993427
TI  - Effect of Calciferol on Lupus Vulgaris (Two Cases), Lupus Pernio and Boeck's
      Sarcoid.

PMID- 19993428
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Reticulosis.? Circumscribed Myxoedema.

PMID- 19993429
TI  - Sarcoidosis Treated with Calciferol.

PMID- 19993430
TI  - Miliary Lymphocytoma.

PMID- 19993431
TI  - Dermatitis Bullosa Striata Pratensis.

PMID- 19993432
TI  - Physiotherapy in an Accident Service.

PMID- 19993433
TI  - Injuries of the Cervical Vertebrae: President's Address.

PMID- 19993435
TI  - Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia of Rendu-Osler-Weber, with No Family History.

PMID- 19993434
TI  - Protein Metabolism in Relation to Disease: President's Address.

PMID- 19993436
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Lichen Planus Hypertrophicus.

PMID- 19993437
TI  - Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia of Rendu-Osler-Weber.

PMID- 19993438
TI  - Darier's Disease and Generalized Pruritus.

PMID- 19993439
TI  - Case for Diagnosis.? Lichen Sclerosus.

PMID- 19993440
TI  - Lichen Nitidus.

PMID- 19993441
TI  - Keratoderma Palmaris et Plantaris.

PMID- 19993442
TI  - DISCUSSION: OVERACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX.

PMID- 19993443
TI  - Bone Deformity Associated with Multiple Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19993444
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19993445
TI  - Ligation of the Inferior Vena Cava for Femoral Thrombosis with Pulmonary
      Infarction.

PMID- 19993446
TI  - Total Gastrectomy with OEsophagoduodenal Anastomosis.

PMID- 19993447
TI  - DISCUSSION ON BIRTH CONTROL; SOME MEDICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS.

PMID- 19993448
TI  - The Evolution of Preventive Medicine in England: President's Address.

PMID- 19993449
TI  - The Development of Inhalation Anaesthesia in the Second Half of the Nineteenth
      Century.

PMID- 19993450
TI  - The Measurement of Personality. [Resume].

PMID- 19993451
TI  - Tuberose Sclerosis with Intracranial Calcification and Lesions of Bone.

PMID- 19993452
TI  - Ataxic Nystagmus in Disseminated Sclerosis.

PMID- 19993453
TI  - Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia treated by Trans-Tonsillar Section of the Nerve.

PMID- 19993455
TI  - Temporal Arteritis.

PMID- 19993454
TI  - Compression Neuritis of Both Median Nerves in the Carpal Tunnel: Surgical
      Decompression. Klippel-Feil Deformity of Neck. Sprengel Shoulder.

PMID- 19993456
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Skull with Platybasia.

PMID- 19993457
TI  - Affection of the Trigeminal Nerve Nucleus and Central Grey Matter of the Spinal
      Cord following the Administration of Stilbamidine.

PMID- 19993458
TI  - Otology in School Children and Child Welfare: President's Address.

PMID- 19993459
TI  - DISCUSSION: THE X-RAY TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.

PMID- 19993460
TI  - Myelosclerosis with Leukaemoid Blood Picture.

PMID- 19993461
TI  - Xanthomatosis.

PMID- 19993462
TI  - Sarcoma of Bronchus.

PMID- 19993463
TI  - Neurofibroma of Stomach in Von Recklinghausen's Disease.

PMID- 19993464
TI  - Cirsoid Aneurysm.

PMID- 19993465
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PERITONITIS.

PMID- 19993466
TI  - Denig's Operation for Trachoma: Two Cases.

PMID- 19993467
TI  - Plastic Implant into Socket.

PMID- 19993468
TI  - (a) Diabetic Cataract; (b) Endocrine Cataract.

PMID- 19993469
TI  - Ophthalmo-neurological Symptoms in Malignant Nasopharyngeal Tumours. [Summary ].

PMID- 19993471
TI  - Ring Scotoma after Retrobulbar Neuritis.

PMID- 19993470
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumours of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19993472
TI  - Denig's Operation: Two Cases.

PMID- 19993473
TI  - Retinal Haemorrhage with Mitral Incompetence.

PMID- 19993474
TI  - DISCUSSION ON HEALTH PROBLEMS IN GERMANY.

PMID- 19993475
TI  - DISCUSSION: LEUCOTOMY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF RESEARCH.

PMID- 19993476
TI  - Chromophobe Adenoma in a Male Aged 15(1/2) Years.

PMID- 19993477
TI  - Chromophobe Adenoma in a Male Aged 67 Years.

PMID- 19993478
TI  - Pituitary Infantilism with Toxic Goitre.

PMID- 19993479
TI  - Long-standing Hypopituitarism with Recent Signs Suggesting Either Chromophilic
      Adenoma or Suprasellar Tumour.

PMID- 19993480
TI  - Pan-Hypopituitarism.

PMID- 19993481
TI  - Basophilism Treated Unsuccessfully with Massive Doses of Oestrogens and Deep X
      ray Therapy, but Cured by Radon Seeds Inserted into the Sella Turcica.

PMID- 19993482
TI  - Case for Diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetes Insipidus?

PMID- 19993483
TI  - Primary Hyperplasia of the Parathyroids in a Boy Aged 8 Years.

PMID- 19993484
TI  - Precocious Puberty of Suprarenal Origin?

PMID- 19993485
TI  - Kala-Azar in Infancy.

PMID- 19993486
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis in a Child Aged 2 Years 9 Months.

PMID- 19993488
TI  - Sclerema.

PMID- 19993487
TI  - Calcinosis Universalis.

PMID- 19993490
TI  - Congenital Syphilis.

PMID- 19993489
TI  - Tuberculous Abscess Formation following Penicillin Therapy.

PMID- 19993491
TI  - Juvenile Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19993492
TI  - Hepatosplenomegaly: For Diagnosis.

PMID- 19993493
TI  - Angioma of the Basal Ganglia.

PMID- 19993494
TI  - Intracranial Haemangioma Causing Convulsions.

PMID- 19993495
TI  - Spontaneous Bilateral Pneumothorax Occurring in a Premature Baby During the Neo
      Natal Period.

PMID- 19993496
TI  - Staphylococcal Pneumonia with Obstructive Emphysema.

PMID- 19993497
TI  - Oxycephaly.

PMID- 19993498
TI  - DISCUSSION: SHOCK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANAESTHESIA.

PMID- 19993499
TI  - Proctology Past and Present: President's Address.

PMID- 19993500
TI  - Studies on the Haematology of the Horse, Ox and Sheep.

PMID- 19993501
TI  - The Serum Proteins of the Domestic Animals.

PMID- 19993502
TI  - The Constituents of Normal Human Blood.

PMID- 19993503
TI  - Inherited Disorders of the Blood in Rodents.

PMID- 19993504
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THROMBOSIS.

PMID- 19993505
TI  - Some Problems of Renal Lithiasis: President's Address.

PMID- 19993506
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF TRAUMATIC PARAPLEGIA.

PMID- 19993507
TI  - Protrusion of Intervertebral Discs.

PMID- 19993508
TI  - The Crossed Trifin Nail and Graft in the Treatment of Fractures of the Neck of
      the Femur.

PMID- 19993509
TI  - Intertrochanteric Osteotomy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Hip.

PMID- 19993510
TI  - Some Points About the Monteggia Fracture.

PMID- 19993511
TI  - Ulcer of Vulva in Young Girl.

PMID- 19993512
TI  - Multiple Tuberculides, including the Scleroderma-like Form of Erythema Induratum.

PMID- 19993513
TI  - Exfoliative Erythrodermia with Marked Pigmentation.

PMID- 19993514
TI  - Impetigo Herpetiformis; Pemphigus Vegetans?

PMID- 19993515
TI  - Papulo-Necrotic Tuberculides.

PMID- 19993516
TI  - Leiomyoma Cutis.

PMID- 19993517
TI  - Erythrodermia in Lymphatic Leukaemia (Malignant Erythrodermia).

PMID- 19993518
TI  - Epidermodysplasia of Lewandowski and Lutz? Abortive Form of Blastomycosis or
      Chromoblastomycosis?

PMID- 19993519
TI  - A Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia, Hitherto Not Described, Including Grouped
      Comedones.

PMID- 19993520
TI  - Kaposi's Varicelliform Eruption.

PMID- 19993521
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris and Tuberculides of Face.

PMID- 19993522
TI  - Cutaneous Papillomatosis.

PMID- 19993524
TI  - Myxoedema Circumscriptum.

PMID- 19993523
TI  - Erythematous Initial Tuberculide.

PMID- 19993526
TI  - Polymorphic Light Eruption.

PMID- 19993525
TI  - Nodules in Abdominal Wall for Diagnosis. ? Fibrosarcoma (Darier and Ferrand).

PMID- 19993527
TI  - Hyperkeratosis Follicularis et Parafollicularis in Cutem Penetrans (Kyrle).

PMID- 19993528
TI  - DISCUSSION: ANAESTHESIA FOR ABDOMINO-PERINEAL OPERATIONS FOR CANCER OF THE
      RECTUM.

PMID- 19993529
TI  - Paterson-Plummer-Vinson Syndrome in a Case of Familial Acholuric Jaundice.

PMID- 19993530
TI  - Tendon Transplantation for Posterior Interosseous Nerve Paralysis.

PMID- 19993531
TI  - Leontiasis Ossea.

PMID- 19993532
TI  - Malignant Synovioma of the Left Elbow.

PMID- 19993533
TI  - Transthoracic Partial Gastrectomy for Intussuscepted Fibromyoma of Fundus of
      Stomach.

PMID- 19993534
TI  - Two Cases of Transthoracic Gastrectomy.

PMID- 19993535
TI  - Emergency Epistaxis.

PMID- 19993536
TI  - Anterior Ethmoidal Haemorrhage.

PMID- 19993537
TI  - Choanal Atresia.

PMID- 19993538
TI  - An Aid to Swallowing after Laryngo-Pharyngectomy for Post-Cricoid Carcinoma.

PMID- 19993539
TI  - Gummatous Destruction of Nasal Septum: Perforating Epithelioma of Nose.

PMID- 19993540
TI  - Pemphigus of Pharynx.

PMID- 19993541
TI  - Persistent Epiphora following Acute Dacryocystitis.

PMID- 19993542
TI  - Recurrent Chondroma of the Subglottic Region.

PMID- 19993543
TI  - Congenital Bilateral Fistula of Tear Duct. One Side Treated by Toti's Operation.

PMID- 19993544
TI  - Preliminary Model for an Indirect Laryngoscope.

PMID- 19993545
TI  - Osteoma of Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19993546
TI  - Recurrent Papillomata and Webbing of the Larynx.

PMID- 19993547
TI  - DISCUSSION: REHABILITATION IN CHEST INJURY.

PMID- 19993548
TI  - Analysis of Function.

PMID- 19993549
TI  - The Morphological Level of Personality.

PMID- 19993550
TI  - Severe Infections of the Mandible.

PMID- 19993551
TI  - Regional Osteitis Fibrosa Affecting the Facial Bones: Two Cases.

PMID- 19993552
TI  - Technique of Fenestration Operation.

PMID- 19993553
TI  - Bilateral Clinical Otosclerosis Treated By the Fenestration Operation Using the
      Cartilage Stopple and the Endaural Approach.

PMID- 19993554
TI  - An Operating Microscope for the Fenestration Operation.

PMID- 19993555
TI  - Review of Surgery of Otosclerosis.

PMID- 19993556
TI  - THE AETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC RHEUMATISM: Joint Discussion No. 1.

PMID- 19993557
TI  - Nutritional Liver Disease in West Indian Infants.

PMID- 19993558
TI  - Some Renal Effects of Experimental Dietary Deficiencies.

PMID- 19993559
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOACTIVE TRACERS.

PMID- 19993560
TI  - DISCUSSION ON STRESS INCONTINENCE IN MICTURITION.

PMID- 19993561
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NORMAL THIRD STAGE OF LABOUR AND OF
      HAEMORRHAGE THEREIN.

PMID- 19993562
TI  - The Treatment of Tuberculous Salpingitis with Special Reference to X-ray Therapy.

PMID- 19993563
TI  - Full-term Intraligamentary Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993564
TI  - Uterine Rupture.

PMID- 19993565
TI  - DISCUSSION: MODERN METHODS IN THE CONTROL OF AIRBORNE INFECTIONS (Abridged).

PMID- 19993566
TI  - Whooping Cough and Measles: An Epidemiological Concurrence and Contrast.

PMID- 19993567
TI  - Value of Tomography in Lesions of the Main Bronchi and their Larger Sub
      divisions.

PMID- 19993568
TI  - Disseminated Ossified Nodules in the Lungs Associated with Mitral Stenosis.

PMID- 19993569
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE TONGUE.

PMID- 19993570
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF PENICILLIN IN UROLOGY.

PMID- 19993571
TI  - SAMUEL HYDE MEMORIAL LECTURE: Rheumatic Diseases: A Challenge and an Opportunity.

PMID- 19993572
TI  - Clinical Science in the Light of History.

PMID- 19993573
TI  - Sclerodactylia with OEsophageal Lesion (3 Cases).

PMID- 19993574
TI  - OEsophageal Carcinoma Treated by Resection and Presternal OEsophago-Gastrostomy.

PMID- 19993575
TI  - Osteoporosis Circumscripta and Leontiasis Ossea Faciei Associated with Paget's
      Disease.

PMID- 19993576
TI  - Lymphadenoma.

PMID- 19993577
TI  - Hypothyroidism With Macular Abiotrophy and Inner Ear Deafness.

PMID- 19993578
TI  - Large Chronic Rodent Ulcer Treated by Radiotherapy.

PMID- 19993579
TI  - Arteriovenous Fistula Without a History of Trauma.

PMID- 19993580
TI  - Malignant Lympho-endothelioma of Neck.

PMID- 19993582
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19993581
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (Short P-R Intervals Associated With Disturbances
      of Intraventricular Conduction) With Attacks of Paroxysmal Tachycardia in an
      Infant Aged 8 Months Suffering From Probable Congenital Heart Disease.

PMID- 19993583
TI  - Lichen Planus in a Boy Aged 8 Years.

PMID- 19993584
TI  - Hyperkeratotic Systematized Naevus with ? Bromide Eruption.

PMID- 19993585
TI  - Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris.

PMID- 19993586
TI  - Poikiloderma ? Premycosis.

PMID- 19993587
TI  - Pili Torti.

PMID- 19993588
TI  - Dermatomyositis in a Child.

PMID- 19993589
TI  - Recurrent Ulcers of the Legs.

PMID- 19993590
TI  - Leukaemia Cutis ? Myeloid Leukaemia.

PMID- 19993591
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris with Epithelioma and Mutilations.

PMID- 19993593
TI  - Diaphyseal Aclasis.

PMID- 19993592
TI  - Cyst in the Femur.

PMID- 19993594
TI  - Osteo-arthritis of the Hip-joint treated by Intra-articular Injections.

PMID- 19993595
TI  - Typhoid Osteitis of the Long Bones.

PMID- 19993597
TI  - Treatment of Displacements of Distal Radio-ulnar Joint.

PMID- 19993596
TI  - Osteoid-Osteoma of Upper End of Ulna.

PMID- 19993598
TI  - Chondro-osteodystrophy. ? Morquio.

PMID- 19993599
TI  - Osteo-arthritis of the Trapezio-metacarpal Joint treated by Excision of the
      Trapezium.

PMID- 19993600
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PAIN IN THE UPPER LIMB, EXCLUDING SHOULDER LESIONS.

PMID- 19993601
TI  - Poikiloderma Congenitale (Thomson). Two Cases.

PMID- 19993602
TI  - Granulosis Rubra Nasi.

PMID- 19993603
TI  - Raynaud's Phenomenon, with Paroxysmal Haemoglobinuria, Caused by Cold
      Haemagglutination.

PMID- 19993604
TI  - Tropical Lichenoid Dermatitis.

PMID- 19993605
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.-Treated with Thorium X.

PMID- 19993606
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19993607
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19993608
TI  - Blue Naevus in a Mongolian Patch.

PMID- 19993609
TI  - Morphoea Guttata.

PMID- 19993610
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris.

PMID- 19993611
TI  - Leucoderma and Leucotrichia.

PMID- 19993612
TI  - Favus.

PMID- 19993613
TI  - The Sterilization of Dental Handpieces.

PMID- 19993614
TI  - The "Three-Ply" Structure in Facial Bones.

PMID- 19993615
TI  - Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx. Review of a Series of Cases.

PMID- 19993617
TI  - Lipodystrophy.

PMID- 19993616
TI  - DISCUSSION ON LOCAL ANALGESIA.

PMID- 19993618
TI  - Congenital Defect of the Scalp.

PMID- 19993619
TI  - Pneumatocoele Occurring During Pneumonia and Rupturing to Form a Pneumothorax.

PMID- 19993620
TI  - Traumatic Periostitis.

PMID- 19993621
TI  - Hyperelasticity of Skin.

PMID- 19993622
TI  - Hepatosplenomegaly.

PMID- 19993623
TI  - Cystic Disease of Bone.

PMID- 19993624
TI  - Demonstration: Diagnosis of Threadworms.

PMID- 19993625
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA IN CHILDREN.

PMID- 19993626
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ANAESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION.

PMID- 19993627
TI  - DISCUSSION ON RADIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF NON-MALIGNANT SUPERFICIAL EYE
      LESIONS.

PMID- 19993628
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ALLERGY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY.

PMID- 19993629
TI  - Disorders of Skill: An Experimental Approach to Some Problems of Neurosis
      [Abstract].

PMID- 19993630
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HOMOSEXUALITY [Summary].

PMID- 19993631
TI  - DISCUSSION ON FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH CURARE.

PMID- 19993632
TI  - Controlled Respiration by Means of Special Automatic Machines as Used in Sweden
      and Denmark [Abstract].

PMID- 19993633
TI  - Skin Temperature as a Clinical Aid During Anaesthesia [Abridged].

PMID- 19993634
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF TOXIC GOITRE.

PMID- 19993635
TI  - DISCUSSION: TREATMENT OF THE LYMPHADENOPATHIES.

PMID- 19993636
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT STATUS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL IN CONTINENTAL
      EUROPE.

PMID- 19993637
TI  - Common Cold. Interim Report on a Transmission Experiment. [Abstract].

PMID- 19993638
TI  - Teratomas and Mixed Tumours in Animals and their Bearings on Human Pathology.
      [Summary].

PMID- 19993639
TI  - Some Glandular Tumours of the Dog.

PMID- 19993640
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE SPAN OF LIFE.

PMID- 19993641
TI  - DISCUSSION ON TREATMENT OF NON-TUBERCULOUS EMPYEMA.

PMID- 19993642
TI  - The Packing of Abdominal Incisions in Peritonitis.

PMID- 19993643
TI  - The Concentration of Penicillin in Bile.

PMID- 19993644
TI  - DISCUSSION: THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF VIRUS INFECTIONS.

PMID- 19993645
TI  - Carcinoma of the Thyroid.

PMID- 19993646
TI  - DISCUSSION ON PENICILLIN IN NEUROLOGY.

PMID- 19993647
TI  - DISCUSSION ON CEREBRAL OEDEMA.

PMID- 19993649
TI  - Parapsoriasis, Retiform Variety.

PMID- 19993648
TI  - Acne Conglobata.

PMID- 19993650
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19993651
TI  - Pringle's Disease (Adenoma Sebaceum).

PMID- 19993652
TI  - Erythema Multiforme.

PMID- 19993653
TI  - Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythrodermia (Brocq).

PMID- 19993654
TI  - Myxoedema Papulosum.

PMID- 19993655
TI  - Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 19993656
TI  - Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica.

PMID- 19993657
TI  - Senear-Usher Syndrome.

PMID- 19993658
TI  - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumours of the Nasopharynx.

PMID- 19993660
TI  - Three Cysts in the Same Mandible, Not of Dental Origin. ? Solitary Cysts or
      Osteitis Fibrosa.

PMID- 19993659
TI  - The Pre-History of Midwifery. [Abridged.].

PMID- 19993661
TI  - Dental Investigations of Greenland Eskimos. [Summary.].

PMID- 19993663
TI  - Collapse of the Lower Lobes of the Lungs in Children.

PMID- 19993662
TI  - Painful Disability of the Shoulder in Coronary Disease.

PMID- 19993664
TI  - Osteomalacia. [Summary.].

PMID- 19993665
TI  - The Complex Behaviour of High-Frequency Currents in Simple Circuits.
AB  - The fact that standing wave phenomena exist along transmission lines and loops
      conducting high-frequency electrical energy is responsible for effects of which
      therapeutic use can be made.A. Power measurements are made possible because
      parallel transmission lines behave as power transformers of which the ratio
      varies with the length of these lines. In a generator designed by the G.E.C. the
      dimensions of the lines are such that after a preliminary estimation of the
      impedance of the load in the treatment field, the sensitivity of the meter can be
      adjusted so that the meter subsequently registers in watts the power absorbed in
      this load.B. When using cable electrodes, in practice, the presence of strong
      electric fields between the antinodal portions of the loop as well as strong
      oscillating magnetic fields around the nodal portion gives rise to two distinct
      phenomena (fig. 6).Search for currents resulting from the electric field on the
      one hand, and for eddy currents due to the magnetic field on the other, was
      carried out at St. Thomas's Hospital, in liquid phantoms by means of a probe
      (fig. 5a) incorporating a small lamp capable of being rotated in every direction.
      Voltage measurements were recorded by matching its light intensity with that of a
      similar lamp in circuit with a variable resistance and a voltmeter (fig. 5b).When
      a portion of a cable electrode was coiled around a cylindrical vessel containing
      an electrolyte, the effects due to the two conditions could be dissociated. The
      following observations were made (fig. 7):(a) By using the nodal portions of the
      loop only, it was shown that only eddy currents are produced and that the lower
      the resistance of the electrolyte the more easily they are produced. They are
      strongest at the periphery and rapidly fall off away from it, as shown by the
      curves of the graph in fig. 8.(b) By using only the antinodal portions of the
      loop, coiled around the same vessel, coaxial or longitudinal currents can be
      demonstrated. It is interesting to note that these exist both at the periphery
      and at the centre.(c) When the whole cable is wound around the vessel, the
      concentration of the electrolyte becomes the factor determining the way in which
      the energy will be dissipated: (1) with tap-water, it is found that no eddy
      currents can be demonstrated whereas coaxial currents exist; (2) with strong
      saline solutions the converse holds good; (3) with electrolytes of intermediate
      concentration both types of currents can be shown to coexist at the periphery
      while at the centre only coaxial currents can be demonstrated.The fact that eddy
      currents and coaxial currents could be detected simultaneously and did not, as
      might be expected, give rise to a resultant, could only be explained by assuming
      that although eddy currents and coaxial currents coexisted as far as their
      effects on the pilot lamp were concerned, these two phenomena were not coincident
      as regards their phase relations. On examining the system more closely it became
      clear that the coaxial currents must be approximately 90 degrees out of phase
      with the eddy currents.By means of another type of probe (fig. 5c) for surface
      work, consisting of two metallic buttons mounted on an insulating strip and
      bridged by a small lamp, P(3), similar to the one used throughout the
      investigations, it was possible to show that the same conditions existed in the
      body. It could be demonstrated that both coaxial and eddy currents occurred and
      that the predominance of one or the other type was dictated by conditions related
      to impedance. In the thigh just above the knee-joint, in most cases both currents
      could be demonstrated. It could also be shown that when half the cable was wound
      clockwise and the other half anticlockwise, so as to cancel the magnetic field
      between the two halves, no eddy currents existed.C. Present therapeutic
      applications of high-frequency currents involve the continuous dissipation of
      electrical energy in the load under treatment. Under these conditions the only
      detectable effect to which therapeutic value may be ascribed is the rise in
      temperature which results from heat production. This rise in temperature sets a
      limit to the power which can be used without risk of burns. Consequently effects
      other than thermal ones which might manifest themselves under higher intensities
      remain undetected.It is not possible to predict what would happen if, instead of
      treating tissues by means of sustained high-frequency electrical energy, tissues
      were subjected to intermittent radio-frequency pulses of very high intensity
      separated by silent periods of sufficient length to allow for the dissipation of
      heat. Those who have some technical knowledge of such matters will readily
      recognize an application of "Radar" technique in this.

PMID- 19993666
TI  - Hoemophilus influenzoe and its Relation to Epidemic Influenza: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19993667
TI  - Transmeatal Attico-Antrotomy in Chronic Tympanomastoid Suppuration.

PMID- 19993669
TI  - DISCUSSION: THE PRESENT POSITION IN REGARD TO THE PNEUMOCONIOSES.

PMID- 19993668
TI  - DISCUSSION: THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION.

PMID- 19993670
TI  - Some Experiences with Bone Tumours [Abridged].

PMID- 19993671
TI  - Injuries to the Bladder.

PMID- 19993672
TI  - Injuries of the Urethra [Abridged].

PMID- 19993674
TI  - Treatment of Hydronephrosis Associated with Abnormal Vessels.

PMID- 19993673
TI  - Some Observations on a Personal Series of Battle Casualties Involving the Genito
      Urinary System [Abridged].

PMID- 19993675
TI  - Survival of a Testicle Transplanted into Scarpa's Triangle.

PMID- 19993676
TI  - DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS WITH PENICILLIN.

PMID- 19993677
TI  - DISCUSSION ON ILLUMINATION.

PMID- 19993678
TI  - An Explanation of the Difference Between a Papilloma and an Adenoma of the
      Rectum.

PMID- 19993679
TI  - Right Hemicolectomy.

PMID- 19993680
TI  - A Small High-grade Carcinoma of the Rectum with Extensive Lymphatic Spread.

PMID- 19993681
TI  - Carcinoma of the Paroophoron, invading the Rectum.

PMID- 19993682
TI  - Unilateral Hypoplasia of Face and Teeth.

PMID- 19993683
TI  - A Note on Ten Romano-British Skulls from a Burial Ground at Compton, Berkshire.

PMID- 19993685
TI  - Brief Note on the Contributions of the late Sir Henry Gauvain to Orthopaedic
      Surgery.

PMID- 19993684
TI  - Malaria Control with D.D.T. on a National Scale-Greece, 1946 [Abridged].

PMID- 19993687
TI  - Cloquet's Hernia.

PMID- 19993686
TI  - Stereoscopic Pictures.

PMID- 19993688
TI  - Film Showing Organic Disorders of the Larynx.

PMID- 19993689
TI  - Bell Telephone Film of the Laryngeal Movements.

PMID- 19993690
TI  - Acromioclavicular Dislocation.

PMID- 19993692
TI  - Amputation of Toes.

PMID- 19993691
TI  - Death from Homologous Serum Jaundice following Nail-Arthrodesis of the Hip.

PMID- 19993693
TI  - Film: Curare (Intercostrin) in the Treatment of Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis.

PMID- 19993695
TI  - Film: Lesions of the Larynx.

PMID- 19993694
TI  - Cup Arthroplasty of the Hip, with Film.

PMID- 19993696
TI  - Paget's Disease Commencing at the Age of 30.

PMID- 19993697
TI  - Fracture-Dislocation of Cervical Spine.

PMID- 19993698
TI  - Charles Creighton, M.A., M.D. (1847-1927): Scholar, Historian and Epidemiologist.

PMID- 19993699
TI  - Sir William Knighton, Bart., 1776-1836.

PMID- 19993700
TI  - The Last Ten Years-Some Experiences and Reflections. [Abridged]: President's
      Address.

PMID- 19993701
TI  - Elephantiasis Nervorum.

PMID- 19993703
TI  - Antonio de Gimbernat, 1734-1816.

PMID- 19993702
TI  - Charcot's Disease Affecting Both Knees and One Hip.

PMID- 19993704
TI  - Galen as a Modern.

PMID- 19993705
TI  - Electrodiagnosis and Electrotherapy in the Royal Air Force.

PMID- 19993706
TI  - "I Remember": President's Address.

PMID- 19993707
TI  - Section of the History of Medicine with Section of Odontology, Joint Discussion
      No.2: The Contributions of King's College, London, to the Science of Dentistry.

PMID- 19993708
TI  - The Destruction of John Hunter's Papers.

PMID- 19993709
TI  - FIRST SESSION.

PMID- 19993711
TI  - THIRD SESSION.

PMID- 19993710
TI  - SECOND SESSION.

PMID- 19993713
TI  - FOREWORD.

PMID- 19993712
TI  - FOURTH SESSION.

PMID- 19993714
TI  - Observations on the Origin of the Lower Uterine Segment in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993715
TI  - The Rarer Causes of Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993716
TI  - "Slipped" Lower Femoral Epiphysis in a Case of Eunuchoid Gigantism.

PMID- 19993718
TI  - Osteochondromatosis of the Shoulder.

PMID- 19993717
TI  - Tumour of Humerus.

PMID- 19993719
TI  - Chronic Osteitis of a Lumbar Vertebra.

PMID- 19993720
TI  - Tarsomegalie.

PMID- 19993721
TI  - Curettage of Tuberculous Vertebral Disease in the Treatment of Spinal Caries.

PMID- 19993722
TI  - Recurrent Dislocation of the Left Patella Medially.

PMID- 19993724
TI  - Intracranial Suppuration: President's Address.

PMID- 19993723
TI  - Problems in the X-ray Diagnosis of Cancer of the Stomach: President's Address.

PMID- 19993725
TI  - Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey).

PMID- 19993727
TI  - Benign Pemphigus.

PMID- 19993726
TI  - Chronic Benign Familial Pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey).

PMID- 19993729
TI  - Ichthyosis Congenita.

PMID- 19993728
TI  - Familial Benign Pemphigus.

PMID- 19993730
TI  - Light-Sensitization.

PMID- 19993731
TI  - Chronic Granuloma of the Nose: For Diagnosis.

PMID- 19993732
TI  - Localized Pili Torti.

PMID- 19993733
TI  - Change and Progress in Ophthalmology: President's Address.

PMID- 19993734
TI  - Aural Cholesteatoma-or Cholesteatosis. A Review: President's Address.

PMID- 19993735
TI  - Sternal Secondary Deposit of Breast Cancer Treated by Radium Implantation.

PMID- 19993736
TI  - A Dysplastic Lymphangiectatic Condition of the Left Hand and Forearm and Right
      Foot and Leg of a Little Girl, with Enchondromata or Cysts in Phalanges of the
      Affected Extremities.

PMID- 19993738
TI  - Fibrocystic Disease of Pancreas. Bilateral Bronchiectasis. Cirrhosis of Liver.

PMID- 19993737
TI  - Diffuse Adenomatosis of the Trachea.

PMID- 19993740
TI  - Meningococcal Encephalopathy.

PMID- 19993739
TI  - Toxic Thyroid Adenoma. Generalized Osteoporosis with Collapse of Some Vertebrae.

PMID- 19993741
TI  - Torticollis and Tremor of Head of Five Years' Duration.

PMID- 19993743
TI  - Behaviour of the Uterus in Early Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993742
TI  - Theophile de Bordeu.

PMID- 19993744
TI  - Film: Perineo-abdominal Excision of the Rectum.

PMID- 19993746
TI  - Miliary Acneiform Tuberculide, with Recent Mantoux Conversion.

PMID- 19993745
TI  - Porokeratosis of Mibelli.

PMID- 19993747
TI  - Pemphigus of the Mucous Membranes with Symblepharon.

PMID- 19993748
TI  - Congenital Diverticulum of the Uterus Revealed by Uterosalpingogram.

PMID- 19993749
TI  - Adeno-fibroma of the Fallopian Tube Undergoing Malignant Change.

PMID- 19993750
TI  - Subtotal Vaginal Clamp-Hysterectomy for Chronic Inversion of the Uterus.

PMID- 19993751
TI  - Dicephalic Monster.

PMID- 19993752
TI  - Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia with Haemolytic Anaemia. Splenectomy.

PMID- 19993753
TI  - Erythromelalgia in One Lower Limb.

PMID- 19993754
TI  - A Rib "Tumour".

PMID- 19993755
TI  - An Unusual Case of Locked Jaw.

PMID- 19993756
TI  - Vitiligo with Migraine.

PMID- 19993757
TI  - Poikilodermia (Lane).

PMID- 19993758
TI  - Multiple Epitheliomata.

PMID- 19993759
TI  - Syme's Amputation Sixty-five Years Ago.

PMID- 19993760
TI  - Nodular Subcutaneous Haemangiomatosis.

PMID- 19993762
TI  - Treatment of Congenital Adactyly by Pedo-Carpal Transference.

PMID- 19993761
TI  - Polycythaemia with Myelosclerosis.

PMID- 19993763
TI  - Malignant Exophthalmos with Ophthalmoplegia and Localized Myxoedema.

PMID- 19993764
TI  - Progressive Asymmetry of the Mandible.

PMID- 19993765
TI  - Paget's Disease Associated with Acromegaly.

PMID- 19993766
TI  - Cervico-facial Actinomycosis.

PMID- 19993767
TI  - Apical Resorption.

PMID- 19993769
TI  - Mixed Salivary Tumour of Palate.

PMID- 19993768
TI  - Osteoma of Mandible.

PMID- 19993770
TI  - Types of Human Diabetes: Summary of President's Address.

PMID- 19993771
TI  - Eyelash in Anterior Chamber.

PMID- 19993772
TI  - Congenital Coloboma of the Lid.

PMID- 19993773
TI  - Visible Primary Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19993775
TI  - Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia, ? Hepatogenous.

PMID- 19993774
TI  - Primary Tuberculous Complex Left Eye.

PMID- 19993776
TI  - Chondroma of Femur with Sarcomatous Changes.

PMID- 19993777
TI  - Pre-pseudarthrosis of Tibia with Presumed Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19993778
TI  - Vanadium Pentoxide Poisoning.

PMID- 19993779
TI  - Translucent Milk Incisors.

PMID- 19993780
TI  - Coarctation of the Aorta with Congenital OEdema of the Feet.

PMID- 19993781
TI  - Ferrous Sulphate Poisoning.

PMID- 19993782
TI  - Xanthomatosis of Skin.

PMID- 19993783
TI  - DISCUSSION ON SCLERAL RESECTION AND CHEMICAL COAGULATION OPERATIONS FOR RETINAL
      DETACHMENT.

PMID- 19993784
TI  - Heredopathia Atactica Polyneuritiformis (Refsum's Syndrome).

PMID- 19993785
TI  - Multiple Angiolipomata and Hypersomnia.

PMID- 19993786
TI  - Myotonia Congenita.

PMID- 19993788
TI  - Presentation of Portrait of Sir Morell Mackenzie.

PMID- 19993787
TI  - Is Obesity an Endocrine Problem? [Abstract].

PMID- 19993789
TI  - Two Cases of Cataract Extraction with Plastic Lens Implant.

PMID- 19993790
TI  - Plastic Replacement of Femoral Head. (Six Cases) Second Report.

PMID- 19993791
TI  - Cystic Degeneration of the Medial Meniscus.

PMID- 19993792
TI  - Progress Note on Case of Xanthomatous Biliary Cirrhosis.

PMID- 19993794
TI  - February 6,1952.

PMID- 19993793
TI  - Restoration of a Popliteal Artery by a Frozen Arterial Homograft.

PMID- 19993795
TI  - "Ne Sutor Ultra Crepidam" [Abstract]: President's Address.

PMID- 19993797
TI  - Post-Partum Genital Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19993796
TI  - The Place of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Simple Skin Conditions: Part II.

PMID- 19993798
TI  - Urethral Fistulae from Surgical Trauma [Abstract].

PMID- 19993799
TI  - The Artificial Bladder - A Short Review [Abstract].

PMID- 19993800
TI  - Uterine Contractility in the Third Stage of Labour [Abstract].

PMID- 19993801
TI  - Anticomplementary Substances in Experimental Infections.

PMID- 19993802
TI  - Clinical Applications of the Functional Anatomy of the Lower Back [Summary].

PMID- 19993803
TI  - Neoplasm of Upper End of Left Femur.

PMID- 19993804
TI  - Lesion of Left Ilium.

PMID- 19993806
TI  - Progress Report on 15 Cases.

PMID- 19993805
TI  - Lupus Vulgaris Treated with Isoniazid.

PMID- 19993807
TI  - Report on 26 Cases.

PMID- 19993808
TI  - Primary Systematized Amyloidosis.

PMID- 19993809
TI  - Borst-Jadassohn Intra-epidermal Epithelioma.

PMID- 19993810
TI  - Hip Arthroplasties and Their Exact Technique [Abstract].

PMID- 19993811
TI  - Diagnosis in General Practice [Abstract].

PMID- 19993812
TI  - Erythromycin [Abstract].

PMID- 19993813
TI  - Two Reformers in the Army Medical Services: II.-Sir William Taylor.

PMID- 19993814
TI  - May 8, 1953 Cases.

PMID- 19993816
TI  - April 16, 1953 Cases.

PMID- 19993815
TI  - Neurological Sequelae in Repatriated Prisoners of War from Hong Kong: A Follow-up
      [Abstract].

PMID- 19993817
TI  - The Gland Extraction and the Bronchial "Desobstruction" in Some Tuberculous
      "Primo-infection" Complexes.

PMID- 19993818
TI  - Fracture Separation of Upper Humeral Epiphysis.

PMID- 19993819
TI  - Infected Traumatic Epidermoid Cysts, the Result of Rubbing by an Artificial Limb.

PMID- 19993820
TI  - January 21, 1954 Cases.

PMID- 19993821
TI  - Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine [Abridged].

PMID- 19993822
TI  - Addison's Disease Presenting as Psychosis.

PMID- 19993823
TI  - Bilateral Ovarian Hernia.

PMID- 19993824
TI  - Social Class Variations in Mortality [Summary].

PMID- 19993825
TI  - Discussion on Treatment of Frontal Sinusitis [Abridged].

PMID- 19993827
TI  - Pathological Meeting.

PMID- 19993826
TI  - Sarcoma of the Uterus (Two Cases).

PMID- 19993828
TI  - Meeting at the West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases: Cases.

PMID- 19993829
TI  - Combined Meeting with the Odontological Section of the Birmingham Medical
      Institute at the Mount Vernon Centre for Plastic and Jaw Surgery, Mount Vernon
      Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex: Cases.

PMID- 19993830
TI  - Discussion: Congenital Deafness [Abstract].

PMID- 19993831
TI  - Observations on the Circulation of the Cochlea [Abstract].

PMID- 19993832
TI  - Psychogenic Deafness [Abstract].

PMID- 19993833
TI  - The Pathology of Otitis Media-Experimental and Human [Abstract].

PMID- 19993834
TI  - Factors Which Influence the Hearing Result in the Surgery of Chronic Otitis Media
      [Abstract].

PMID- 19993835
TI  - Carbon Dioxide.

PMID- 19993837
TI  - Discussion on the Abo Blood Groups and disease.

PMID- 19993836
TI  - The Maintenance of Respiration in Respiratory Paralysis [Abbreviated].

PMID- 19993838
TI  - 150th Anniversary Dinner.

PMID- 19993839
TI  - A Reverie.

PMID- 19993840
TI  - Abdominal Total Hysterectomy: A New Technique: The Posterior Approach [Resume].

PMID- 19993841
TI  - Cytological Diagnosis of the Prostatic Smear [Abridged].

PMID- 19993842
TI  - An Assessment of Sodium Acetrizoate and an Experimental Basis for its Use in
      Intravenous Pyelography [Summary].

PMID- 19993843
TI  - Migraine with Sphenoiditis.

PMID- 19993844
TI  - The Complications of the Trendelenburg Position [Summary].

PMID- 19993845
TI  - The Reduction of Operative Bleeding by T-Piece Anaesthesia [Summary].

PMID- 19993846
TI  - April 21, 1955. Cases.

PMID- 19993847
TI  - Meeting at King's College Hospital, London.

PMID- 19993848
TI  - Meeting at the Victofia Hospital for Children, Tite Street, Chelsea.

PMID- 19993849
TI  - The Effect of Cerebral Palsies on Growth and Development [Summary].

PMID- 19993850
TI  - Discussion: Juvenile Rheumatism [Summary].

PMID- 19993851
TI  - James Parkinson: Practitioner, Pamphleteer, Politician and Pioneer in Neurology
      [Abstract].

PMID- 19993852
TI  - Some Aspects of the Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia [Abstract].

PMID- 19993853
TI  - Surgery in Parkinson's Disease [Abstract].

PMID- 19993854
TI  - Some Clinical Aspects of Parkinsonism [Abridged].

PMID- 19993855
TI  - The Nature and Significance of Vertebral Osteochondritis [Abridged].

PMID- 19993856
TI  - The Nucleic Acid Content of Adrenal Tissue.

PMID- 19993857
TI  - The Homes of the Odontological Society and their Associations (1856-1900)
      [Abridged].

PMID- 19993858
TI  - Spontaneous Uterine Rupture During Labour.

PMID- 19993859
TI  - Rupture of the Uterus Occurring at the Time of Removal per vaginam of a
      Pedunculated Uterine Fibroid.

PMID- 19993860
TI  - Vaginal Metastasis of Hypernephroma.

PMID- 19993861
TI  - Rupture of a Pyosalpinx Associated with an Intra-uterine Pregnancy.

PMID- 19993862
TI  - Procidentia with Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19993864
TI  - Hydrosalpinx.

PMID- 19993863
TI  - Carcinoma of the Cervix with Pulmonary Metastases.

PMID- 19993865
TI  - The Significance of Haemophilus influenzae in Chronic Bronchiectasis of Children.

PMID- 19993866
TI  - Constrictive Pericarditis in Early Childhood.

PMID- 19993867
TI  - Congenital Hypophosphatasia.

PMID- 19993868
TI  - Myotonic Dystrophy.

PMID- 19993869
TI  - Two Cases of Hypervitaminosis A.

PMID- 19993870
TI  - Haemangioma with Thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 19993871
TI  - Banti's Syndrome in Siblings Treated by Porta-caval Anastomosis (Two cases).

PMID- 19993872
TI  - Contiguous Sarcomatous and Gliomatous Tissue in Intracranial Tumours [Abstract].

PMID- 19993873
TI  - Liaison Between Two Professions with Similar Interests [Summary].

PMID- 19993874
TI  - Development in a Burnt Child of Antibodies Following Skin Homografts.

PMID- 19993876
TI  - Inversion of Uterus Due to Neoplasm.

PMID- 19993875
TI  - Criminal Abortion with Gangrene of Uterus and Fallopian Tube.

PMID- 19993877
TI  - Acquired Ichthyosis Following Parapsoriasis en Plaque.

PMID- 19993878
TI  - Scirrhous Metastasis Simulating Necrobiosis Lipoidica.

PMID- 19993879
TI  - Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Skin.

PMID- 19993880
TI  - General Paralysis of the Insane [Abstract].

PMID- 19993881
TI  - Mutism: for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19993883
TI  - Symposium on Acrylic Resin Filling Materials.

PMID- 19993882
TI  - Brain-stem Angioma.

PMID- 19993884
TI  - Discussion on the Treatment of Keratoconus [Abstract].

PMID- 19993886
TI  - Posture During Anaesthesia [Abstract].

PMID- 19993885
TI  - The Management of Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy [Abstract].

PMID- 19993887
TI  - February 24, 1956 Cases.

PMID- 19993889
TI  - Joint Summer Meeting Held at the General Hospital, Nottingham.

PMID- 19993888
TI  - "Any Questions".

PMID- 19993890
TI  - Discussion on Community Care of the Feebleminded [Abridged].

PMID- 19993891
TI  - Discussion: Obsessive Compulsive States.

PMID- 19993892
TI  - Reserpine: Problems Associated with the Use of a So-called "Tranquillizing
      Agent".

PMID- 19993893
TI  - Discussion on the Problem of Fear.

PMID- 19993894
TI  - Discussion on Clinical and Experimental Studies with Radioactive Iron.

PMID- 19993895
TI  - Assessment of Ununited Fractures of the Carpal Scaphoid.

PMID- 19993896
TI  - Blood Supply of the Epiphyseal Plates of the Rabbit's Tibia.

PMID- 19993897
TI  - Pseudarthrosis of the Hip-joint.

PMID- 19993898
TI  - Drilling of the Osteoarthritic Hip.

PMID- 19993899
TI  - Structural Deformities of the Outer Third of the Adult Tarsal Navicular.

PMID- 19993900
TI  - May 17, 1956 Cases.

PMID- 19993901
TI  - Lipid Electrophoresis Patterns in Xanthomatosis.

PMID- 19993902
TI  - Essential Hyperlipaemia and Primary Hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 19993903
TI  - Familial Xanthomatosis.

PMID- 19993905
TI  - Elephantiasis Nostras.

PMID- 19993904
TI  - Trembling in Newborn Pigs.

PMID- 19993906
TI  - Still's Disease with Recurrent Ulceration of the Legs.

PMID- 19993907
TI  - Injury as An AEtiological Factor in Tuberculosis.

PMID- 19993908
TI  - Traumatic False Aneurysm of the Posterior Tibial Artery.

PMID- 19993909
TI  - Neurofibroma of the Sacral Plexus.

PMID- 19993910
TI  - Malignant Haemangioblastoma of Liver. Total Excision of Right Lobe of Liver.

PMID- 19993911
TI  - Whither Medical History? [Abstract].

PMID- 19993912
TI  - December 20, 1956 Cases.

PMID- 19993913
TI  - Obstructive Jaundice and Sepsis Following Exchange Transfusion for Group B
      Incompatibility.

PMID- 19993914
TI  - Congenital Agranulocytosis.

PMID- 19993915
TI  - Acrogeria.

PMID- 19993916
TI  - Diastematomyelia.

PMID- 19993917
TI  - Brachial Plexus Palsy Associated with Soft Tissue Atrophy in the Scapular Region.

PMID- 19993918
TI  - Periodic Neutropenia-A Family Study.

PMID- 19993920
TI  - Peripheral Dysostosis.

PMID- 19993919
TI  - Multiple Congenital Nerve Palsies.

PMID- 19993921
TI  - Presentation of Diploma of Honorary Membership of the Section to Sir Archibald
      Gray.

PMID- 19993922
TI  - Section of Otology.

PMID- 19993923
TI  - Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

PMID- 19993924
TI  - Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

PMID- 19993925
TI  - Dermatomyositis.

PMID- 19993926
TI  - Cervical Pain as a Symptom of Hypotension During Treatment with Ganglio-plegic
      Drugs.

PMID- 19993927
TI  - Renal Phlebography.

PMID- 19993928
TI  - Tuberculides.

PMID- 19993930
TI  - Joint Summer Meeting Held at the University of Bristol (By title).

PMID- 19993929
TI  - Dermal Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 19993931
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19993932
TI  - Clinical Demonstration.

PMID- 19993933
TI  - A Historical Note on Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital and its Paediatricians.

PMID- 19993935
TI  - Introduction.

PMID- 19993934
TI  - Foreword.

PMID- 19993937
TI  - Multiple Kidney Operations for Cystine Calculi.

PMID- 19993936
TI  - Cardiospasm and Epithelioma of OEsophagus Treated by OEsophagectomy.

PMID- 19993938
TI  - Psoriasis and Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19993939
TI  - Poikilodermia (Jacobi-Lane).

PMID- 19993940
TI  - Poikilodermia Developing Mycosis Fungoides.

PMID- 19993941
TI  - Mycosis Fungoides Treated with Prednisone.

PMID- 19993942
TI  - May 16, 1957 Cases.

PMID- 19993943
TI  - June 20, 1957 Cases.

PMID- 19993945
TI  - Cine-angiocardiography in Acyanotic Heart Disease of Infancy.

PMID- 19993944
TI  - The Changing AEtiology of Erythema Nodosum in Children [Summary].

PMID- 19993946
TI  - The Association of Acute Appendicitis with Infective Diarrhoea.

PMID- 19993947
TI  - The Treatment of Juvenile Thyrotoxicosis with Potassium Perchlorate.

PMID- 19993948
TI  - Medico-legal Adventures and Misadventures in Gynaecology and Obstetrics
      [Abridged].

PMID- 19993949
TI  - The Present Role of Surgery in Carcinoma of the Breast [Precis].

PMID- 19993951
TI  - Reflections on the Undergraduate and Postgraduate Teaching of Psychiatry
      [Abstract].

PMID- 19993950
TI  - Vision, Photography and Electronics in Radiology [Precis].

PMID- 19993952
TI  - Some Aspects of Referred Pain [Abstract].

PMID- 19993953
TI  - October 17, 1957 Cases.

PMID- 19993954
TI  - November 21, 1957 Cases.

PMID- 19993955
TI  - The Calcium-containing Renal Stone.

PMID- 19993956
TI  - The Physiological Control of Aldosterone Secretion [Abridged].

PMID- 19993957
TI  - January 8, 1958 Cases.

PMID- 19993958
TI  - November 21, 1957, Continued from March Proceedings Cases.

PMID- 19993959
TI  - Urinary Colloids [Abstract].

PMID- 19993960
TI  - Preventive and Curative Medicine in Ancient Peru [Abridged].

PMID- 19993962
TI  - Discussion: Early Diagnosis and Cancer Education of the Public.

PMID- 19993961
TI  - Discussion on the Prevention of Accidents in Childhood.

PMID- 19993963
TI  - Transatlantic Discussion on Advances in Chemotherapy of Cancer.

PMID- 19993964
TI  - Observations on the Management of Idiopathic Proctitis [Abridged].

PMID- 19993965
TI  - Functional Spasm of Accommodation [Summary].

PMID- 19993966
TI  - Carcinoma of Pancreas.

PMID- 19993968
TI  - The Surgical and Prosthetic Importance of the Labial and Buccal Vestibule of the
      Maxillae [Abstract].

PMID- 19993967
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 19993969
TI  - Benign Lesions of the Pyloric Antrum Simulating Carcinoma [Summary].

PMID- 19993970
TI  - The Radiological Diagnosis of Malignant Gastric Ulcer [Summary].

PMID- 19993971
TI  - Demonstrations.

PMID- 19993972
TI  - May 15, 1958 Cases.

PMID- 19993973
TI  - June 7, 1958 Meeting at the General Infirmary, Leeds. Cases.

PMID- 19993974
TI  - The Post-operative Psychoses [Summary].

PMID- 19993975
TI  - The Causes of Death in 14 Cases of Acute Renal Failure [Summary].

PMID- 19993976
TI  - The Treatment of Phenylketonuria.

PMID- 19993977
TI  - Amendment.

PMID- 19993978
TI  - Joint Summer Meeting Held at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

PMID- 19993979
TI  - Discussion on the Management of the Deformities of the Rheumatoid Hand
      [Abridged].

PMID- 19993980
TI  - Some Aspects of Immunity in Virus Diseases [Abstract].

PMID- 19993981
TI  - Chyluria Due to Filariasis.

PMID- 19993982
TI  - Amyloid Disease following Rheumatoid Arthritis with Advanced Arterial
      Calcification.

PMID- 19993983
TI  - Recurrent Abscesses due to Necrophorus fusiformis.

PMID- 19993984
TI  - Resection of Tracheal Stricture following Tracheotomy, with Primary Anastomosis.

PMID- 19993985
TI  - Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

PMID- 19993986
TI  - Sarcoidosis of Thyroid.

PMID- 19993987
TI  - Amyloid Disease of the Thyroid.

PMID- 19993989
TI  - Leiomyoma of the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19993988
TI  - Endometrial Stricture of Small Intestine Simulating Crohn's Disease.

PMID- 19993990
TI  - Fibroma of Neck and Mediastinum. Removed by a New Surgical Approach.

PMID- 19993991
TI  - Post-cricoid Carcinoma.

PMID- 19993992
TI  - Ergotism.

PMID- 19993993
TI  - Post-partum Hypopituitarism.

PMID- 19993995
TI  - The Follow-up of Children with Tuberculous Meningitis with Special Reference to
      Psychiatric and Neurological Aspects [Abstract].

PMID- 19993994
TI  - The Effect of Hormones on Phosphate Transport Across the Renal Tubule [Summary].

PMID- 19993996
TI  - Carcinomatous Neuropathy.

PMID- 19993997
TI  - Pharyngeal Pouch.

PMID- 19993998
TI  - Painful Enteromegaly of Unknown AEtiology.

PMID- 19993999
TI  - Intracerebral Haemorrhage and Brain-stem Compression Treated Initially by
      Hypotension and Later by Evacuation of the Haematoma.

PMID- 19994000
TI  - Combined Medical and Surgical Treatment of Obesity.

PMID- 19994001
TI  - Radioactive Phosphorus Uptake as a Guide to Radiotherapy for Superficial
      Malignant Melanomata.

PMID- 19994002
TI  - The Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy.

PMID- 19994003
TI  - Arthropathia Progressiva Mutilans: Congenital Coloboma-Partially Sighted: Gross
      Dorsal Scoliosis.

PMID- 19994005
TI  - Subacute Osteomyelitis Right Tibia.

PMID- 19994004
TI  - Yaws Osteoperiostitis of Fibula.

PMID- 19994006
TI  - Multiple and Grossly Comminuted Fractures Left Tibia-Amputation on the Right.

PMID- 19994007
TI  - Bilateral Club Hands.

PMID- 19994008
TI  - Primary Tumour of the Patella.

PMID- 19994009
TI  - Hinge Arthroplasty of Left Knee.

PMID- 19994010
TI  - Hinge Arthroplasty of Right Knee.

PMID- 19994012
TI  - Two Cases of Subcapital Fractures of the Femur. Pauwels, Grade 3.

PMID- 19994011
TI  - Hyperplastic Callus in Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

PMID- 19994013
TI  - Coxa Vara.

PMID- 19994015
TI  - Congenital Webbing of the Lower Limbs, Hands and Cleft Palate.

PMID- 19994014
TI  - Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Right Ankle.

PMID- 19994016
TI  - Neonatal Ischaemic Gangrene of the Lower Leg.

PMID- 19994017
TI  - Neonatal Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis and Goitre.

PMID- 19994018
TI  - Cases.

PMID- 19994019
TI  - Richard Caton (1842-1926) Pioneer Electrophysiologist.

PMID- 19994020
TI  - Retinal Anlage Tumour [Summary].

PMID- 19994021
TI  - Discussion on the AEtiology of Mental Defect [Abridged].

PMID- 19994022
TI  - Discussion on the Surgical Management of Chronic Duodenal Ulcer.

PMID- 19994023
TI  - Creosote Melanosis with Associated Vitiligo and Depigmentation Due to Monobenzyl
      hydroquinone.

PMID- 19994024
TI  - Melanosis of Face from "Cutting" Oil.

PMID- 19994025
TI  - Angio-endothelioma.

PMID- 19994026
TI  - Leukoderma with Loss of Hair.? Due to Photographic Developer.

PMID- 19994027
TI  - Gynaecomastia Persisting after OEstrogen Therapy for Acne.

PMID- 19994029
TI  - Incontinentia Pigmenti.

PMID- 19994028
TI  - Kaposi's Sarcoma with a Lung Tumour.

PMID- 19994030
TI  - Adenoid Basal Cell Epithelioma.

PMID- 19994031
TI  - Symposium on Indications for Internal Fixation of Shaft Fractures of the Long
      Bones [Abridged].

PMID- 19994032
TI  - Some Problems in the Treatment of Disorders of the Hip-joint in Various Age
      Groups.

PMID- 19994033
TI  - The Treatment of Cervical Fractures of the Femur [Resume].

PMID- 19994034
TI  - The Treatment of Bilateral Osteoarthritis of the Hips.

PMID- 19994035
TI  - BCG Vaccine: Nine Years' Experience at a Chest Clinic [Summary].

PMID- 19994036
TI  - Symposium on the Changing Pattern of Oropharyngeal Cancer [Abstract].

PMID- 19994037
TI  - Opening Address.

PMID- 19994038
TI  - Polypi of the Colon.

PMID- 19994039
TI  - Treatment of Acute Cryptogenic Abscesses.

PMID- 19994040
TI  - Discussion on the Use and Abuse of Anti-Bacterial Drugs in Otology.

PMID- 19994041
TI  - The Development of Neurological Services Under the Ministry of Health [Abstract].

PMID- 19994042
TI  - The Neurogenic Bladder in a General Hospital.

PMID- 19994043
TI  - Management of the Bladder in Congenital Spinal Cord Lesions [Abridged].

PMID- 19994044
TI  - Comparative Studies in Periodontal Disease [Abridged].

PMID- 19994045
TI  - Pemphigus Foliaceus Complicated by Peripheral Vascular Disease.

PMID- 19994046
TI  - Pemphigus Vegetans Complicated by Peripheral Vascular Disease.

PMID- 19994047
TI  - Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

PMID- 19994048
TI  - Radiology in Surgery of the "Acute Abdomen" [Abridged].

PMID- 19994049
TI  - The Use of Contrast Media in the Acute Abdomen [Summary].

PMID- 19994051
TI  - Motor Mechanisms of Dysphagia [Summary].

PMID- 19994050
TI  - 100 Consecutive Cases of Dysphagia: Some Problems in Diagnosis [Summary].

PMID- 19994052
TI  - Urinary OEstrogen Metabolites of 19-Norethisterone and its Esters [Summary].

PMID- 19994053
TI  - Observations on the Clinical Uses of Some New Progestational Compounds
      [Abridged].

PMID- 19994055
TI  - Transatlantic Discussion on Cases of Pain or Fever [Summary].

PMID- 19994054
TI  - Some Thoughts on the Antibiotic Therapy of Orthopaedic Tuberculosis [Summary].

PMID- 19994056
TI  - The Surgical Aspects of Non-malignant Strictures of the Bile Ducts, with Special
      Reference to Post-operative Strictures [Abridged].

PMID- 19994057
TI  - Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: Pigmentation of the Nail Beds Following the
      Administration of Amodiaquine Hydrochloride.

PMID- 19994058
TI  - Neurological Investigation in Britain from 1800 to the Founding of The National
      Hospital.

PMID- 19994059
TI  - The Relative Values of Surgical Hypophysectomy and of Bilateral Adrenalectomy
      with Oophorectomy in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer.

PMID- 19994060
TI  - Localization of Radio-active Implants with Image Intensification and Television.

PMID- 19994061
TI  - Some Observations on Neuromuscular Disorders of the OEsophagus [Summary].

PMID- 19994062
TI  - Malignant Lymphoid Tumours of the Intestinal Tract [Summary].

PMID- 19994063
TI  - Post-operative Vomiting [Abridged].

PMID- 19994064
TI  - The Vacuum Extractor (Ventouse)-An Alternative To The Obstetric Forceps.

PMID- 19994065
TI  - A Prospective Study of the Leukaemia Mortality of Children Exposed to Ante-natal
      Diagnostic Radiography-A Preliminary Report [Summary].

PMID- 19994066
TI  - Geographical Variation in Leukaemia Mortality in Relation to Background Radiation
      Epidemiological Studies [Summary].

PMID- 19994067
TI  - Dose Rates from Background Gamma Radiation to Populations in Four Districts in
      Scotland [Summary].

PMID- 19994068
TI  - Tongue Swallowing.

PMID- 19994069
TI  - Congenital Absence of the Corpus Callosum.

PMID- 19994070
TI  - Diseases Associated with Abnormal Plasma Proteins.

PMID- 19994072
TI  - Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis Presenting as Infarction of Colon.

PMID- 19994071
TI  - Discussion on the Acquired Myopathies.

PMID- 19994073
TI  - Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder.

PMID- 19994075
TI  - Morbidity in Bone Donor Sites.

PMID- 19994074
TI  - Titanium in Treatment of Fractures of the Femoral Neck.

PMID- 19994076
TI  - Arthrodesis of the Wrist in Children.

PMID- 19994078
TI  - The Late Treatment of Profundus Division Within the Digital Theca.

PMID- 19994077
TI  - Tibial Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis of the Knee.

PMID- 19994079
TI  - The Constitutional Factor in Thyroid Disease [Abridged].

PMID- 19994080
TI  - An Experiment with a Psychiatric Night Hospital.

PMID- 19994081
TI  - Pulmonary and Pleural Complications of Pott's Disease.

PMID- 19994083
TI  - Indications for Renal Biopsy [Summary].

PMID- 19994082
TI  - Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Hip by Myelotomy: A Preliminary Report.

PMID- 19994084
TI  - Atypical Hypopituitarism.

PMID- 19994085
TI  - Engelmann's Disease.

PMID- 19994086
TI  - Myositis Ossificans Progressiva.

PMID- 19994087
TI  - An Adult Case of Chondro-osteodystrophy.

PMID- 19994088
TI  - Adamantinoma of Tibia.

PMID- 19994089
TI  - Anaesthesia for Emergency Surgery in Children [Summary].

PMID- 19994090
TI  - Some Triumphs and Some Problems of Middle Ear Surgery.

PMID- 19994091
TI  - A Solitary Simple Cyst of the Stomach.

PMID- 19994093
TI  - Duplication of the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19994092
TI  - Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney.

PMID- 19994094
TI  - Discussion on Normal and Abnormal Willed Movement.

PMID- 19994096
TI  - Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis.

PMID- 19994095
TI  - Discussion on the Transfer of Drugs from the Animal Laboratory to Man.

PMID- 19994097
TI  - Pemphigoid with Malignant Melanoma.

PMID- 19994098
TI  - Technical Aspects of High Speed Handpieces [Abridged].

PMID- 19994099
TI  - Clinical Aspects [Abridged].

PMID- 19994100
TI  - The Renal Action of Chlorothiazide.

PMID- 19994101
TI  - Intraosseous Venography Using Cine Radiographs [Summary].

PMID- 19994102
TI  - Secreting Intrathoracic Ganglioneuroma.

PMID- 19994103
TI  - Congenital Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula.

PMID- 19994104
TI  - The Course of Still's Disease and Results of Steroid Therapy [Summary].

PMID- 19994106
TI  - Chronic Thyrotoxic Myopathy.

PMID- 19994105
TI  - Acromegaly Hyperparathyroidism and Diabetes Mellitus.

PMID- 19994107
TI  - Longstanding Diabetes Mellitus without Complications, and Graves' Disease
      followed by Spontaneous Myxoedema.

PMID- 19994108
TI  - Trigonostomy [Abridged].

PMID- 19994109
TI  - The Neurology of Language.

PMID- 19994110
TI  - Discussion on Congenital Pyloric Stenosis [Summary].

PMID- 19994111
TI  - Pigmented Tumours of the Eye.

PMID- 19994112
TI  - Right Hepatic Lobectomy for a Solitary Metastasis.

PMID- 19994113
TI  - Chronic Ulcerative Colitis not Involving the Rectum. Carcinoma of Lower Third of
      Rectum. Rectovaginal Fistula.

PMID- 19994115
TI  - Paget's Disease of the Anal Canal.

PMID- 19994114
TI  - Multiple Primary Lymphosarcomas of the Large Intestine Complicating Chronic
      Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19994116
TI  - Basal Cell Carcinoma of Anal Canal.

PMID- 19994117
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum:Severe Melaena from the Jejunum Treated by Resection.

PMID- 19994118
TI  - The Tryptophan Load Test in the Syndrome of Infantile Spasms with Oligophrenia.

PMID- 19994119
TI  - Film: Bilateral Adrenalectomy and Oophorectomy Through a Single Incision.

PMID- 19994120
TI  - Three Early Masters of Experimental Medicine-Erasistratus, Galen and Leonardo da
      Vinci.

PMID- 19994121
TI  - Parathyroid Adenoma with Multiple Fibrocystic Changes in Bone and Renal Tubular
      Calcification.

PMID- 19994122
TI  - Syringomyelia With Multiple Neuropathic Joints.

PMID- 19994124
TI  - The Immunological Assay of Growth Hormone [Abstract].

PMID- 19994123
TI  - Growth Hormone Assays in Human Serum.

PMID- 19994125
TI  - Polymyalgia Rheumatica.

PMID- 19994126
TI  - Intralobar Sequestration of the Lung.

PMID- 19994127
TI  - Ovarian Hilar Cell Tumour.

PMID- 19994128
TI  - Pregnancy and Diabetes.

PMID- 19994130
TI  - Iodine in Medicine and Pharmacy Since its Discovery-1811-1961.

PMID- 19994129
TI  - Robert Watt, Physician and Bibliographer.

PMID- 19994131
TI  - Secondary Carcinomatous Deposits in Bones.

PMID- 19994132
TI  - Two Cases of Trophoblastic Disease.

PMID- 19994133
TI  - The Changing Pattern of Paediatrics in a Children's Hospital 1876-1961.

PMID- 19994134
TI  - The Treatment of Hypospadias.

PMID- 19994135
TI  - Histochemical Studies on the Catarrhal Rhinitis of Children.

PMID- 19994137
TI  - Granuloma of the Groins and Perineum Secondary to Chronic Proctocolitis.

PMID- 19994136
TI  - Granuloma of the Groins and Perineum Secondary to Chronic Proctocolitis.

PMID- 19994138
TI  - Trichophyton rubrum Infection with Griseofulvin Intolerance.

PMID- 19994139
TI  - Case for Diagnosis? Eruptive Melanomata.

PMID- 19994141
TI  - Lymphocytoma and Lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 19994140
TI  - Idiopathic Hyperlipaemia with Glycosuria.

PMID- 19994143
TI  - Arteriosclerosis in Wild Animals in Captivity [Abstract].

PMID- 19994142
TI  - Richard Kovacs Lecture Kovacs and After [Abridged].

PMID- 19994144
TI  - Stapling of the Spine for Scoliosis.

PMID- 19994145
TI  - The Outlook for Transplantation of the Kidney in Man.

PMID- 19994146
TI  - Dexamethasone Suppression Tests in Graves' Disease [Abridged].

PMID- 19994147
TI  - Blood ACTH in Graves' Disease [Abridged].

PMID- 19994149
TI  - Hydronephrosis: A Fourteen Years' Survey of Results [Abridged].

PMID- 19994148
TI  - The Control of Corticotrophin Secretion in Man [Abridged].

PMID- 19994150
TI  - Polyarteritis Nodosa Presenting as an Acute Abdomen.

PMID- 19994151
TI  - Late Rupture of Orlon Aortic Graft.

PMID- 19994152
TI  - Mucoviscidosis with Hepatosplenomegaly in a Boy of 17.

PMID- 19994153
TI  - Transient Dysphagia Due to Muscular Inco-ordination.

PMID- 19994154
TI  - Progeria (Hastings Gilford) Presenting as Scleroderma in Early Infancy.

PMID- 19994155
TI  - Cleft Lip and Palate.

PMID- 19994156
TI  - ? Extramedullary Plasmacytomata Case for Diagnosis.

PMID- 19994157
TI  - Newer Electrodiagnostic Methods of Assessing Retinal Function [Abridged].

PMID- 19994158
TI  - Cyst of Forearm Caused by Metallic Implant.

PMID- 19994159
TI  - Vertigo of Central Origin.

PMID- 19994160
TI  - The Law Relating to Abortion.

PMID- 19994161
TI  - A New Method of Recording Intensity-Duration Curves.

PMID- 19994162
TI  - Arteriovenous Fistula following Lumbar Disc Surgery.

PMID- 19994163
TI  - The Present Range of Value of Abdominal Decompression [Abridged].

PMID- 19994164
TI  - Favism: A Family Study [Abstract].

PMID- 19994166
TI  - Pitfalls in Dermatology [Abstract].

PMID- 19994167
TI  - The Anomalous Cystic Duct [Summary].

PMID- 19994165
TI  - Some Observations on Human Submandibular Salivary Glands.

PMID- 19994168
TI  - Myxoedema and Trauma (Two Cases).

PMID- 19994169
TI  - Epilepsy Due to Angioneurotic OEdema.

PMID- 19994170
TI  - Spontaneous Rupture of OEsophagus.

PMID- 19994171
TI  - Lung Cyst.

PMID- 19994172
TI  - Tuberculous Epididymo-orchitis.

PMID- 19994173
TI  - Gout, Megaloblastic Anaemia and Steatorrhoea.

PMID- 19994174
TI  - Fever in Hodgkin's Disease.

PMID- 19994175
TI  - Congenital Hypogammaglobulinaemia and Megaloblastic Anaemia Presenting as a Case
      of Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 19994176
TI  - An Explanation of the Principles of Ultrasonic Echo Sounding [Summary].

PMID- 19994177
TI  - Illustrative Examples of Ultrasonic Echograms.

PMID- 19994178
TI  - The Development of Occupational Hygiene Services.

PMID- 19994179
TI  - Cases.

PMID- 19994180
TI  - The Large Bowel Complications of Crohn's Disease of the Small Intestine.

PMID- 19994181
TI  - Acute Intermittent Porphyria Treated with Chlorpromazine.

PMID- 19994182
TI  - Recurrent Intractable Painful Ulcers of Legs.

PMID- 19994183
TI  - Carcinoma of the Thyroid, Hypoparathyroidism and Cushing's Syndrome.

PMID- 19994184
TI  - Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

PMID- 19994185
TI  - Presentation of Jenner Medal.

PMID- 19994186
TI  - Charles Singer Memorial Meeting.

PMID- 19994187
TI  - The Results of Surgical Treatment of Fissure-in-ano [Summary].

PMID- 19994188
TI  - A New Progeroid Syndrome, Characterized by Dwarfism, Kyphoscoliosis, Universal
      Livedo Reticularis and Generalized Telangiectasia, Early Marginal Alopecia and
      Chronic Nasal Infection.

PMID- 19994189
TI  - Assessment of the Ages of a Population of Anglo-Saxons from Their Dentitions.

PMID- 19994190
TI  - Magnesium 28 Studies in the Cirrhotic and Alcoholic.

PMID- 19994191
TI  - Observations During Hypotensive Anaesthesia [Abridged].

PMID- 19994193
TI  - Disseminated Granulomata.

PMID- 19994192
TI  - Multiple Symmetrical Moles, with Psychic and Somatic Infantilism and Genital
      Hypoplasia: First Male Case of a New Syndrome.

PMID- 19994194
TI  - The Extent and Distribution of Acid in Carious Dentine.

PMID- 19994195
TI  - Histiocytosis-X.

PMID- 19994196
TI  - Xeroderma Pigmentosa, with Keratinizing Epithelioma of Lower Lip.

PMID- 19994197
TI  - Myxoedema with Thyroid Antibodies Presenting with Ascites.

PMID- 19994198
TI  - Diabetic Retinopathy Treated by Pituitary Ablation with Radioactive Yttrium.

PMID- 19994199
TI  - Virilism with Hilus Cell Hyperplasia.

PMID- 19994200
TI  - Congenital Vertical Talus: A New Operation.

PMID- 19994201
TI  - Infective Arthritis of the Hips in Infancy (Two Cases).

PMID- 19994202
TI  - Acute Renal Failure and the Artificial Kidney in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

PMID- 19994203
TI  - Hyperglobulinaemic Purpura.

PMID- 19994204
TI  - Management of Spinal Deformities.

PMID- 19994205
TI  - Management of Spinal Deformities.

PMID- 19994206
TI  - Ring Constrictions [Summary].

PMID- 19994207
TI  - Cushing's Syndrome due to Bilateral Adrenal Adenomata.

PMID- 19994208
TI  - Congenital Intraduodenal Diverticulum.

PMID- 19994209
TI  - Management of Intractable Pain.

PMID- 19994210
TI  - Management of Intractable Pain.

PMID- 19994211
TI  - Nasal Allergy.

PMID- 19994212
TI  - Nasal Allergy.

PMID- 19994213
TI  - Transformation of Human and Animal Tissues after Virus Infection [Summary].

PMID- 19994214
TI  - Transformation of Human and Animal Tissues after Virus Infection [Summary].

PMID- 19994215
TI  - Transformation of Human and Animal Tissues after Virus Infection [Summary].

PMID- 19994217
TI  - Pulmonary Changes in Tropical Eosinophilia [Summary].

PMID- 19994216
TI  - Circadian (about Twenty-four-hour) Rhythms in Experimental Medicine [Abridged].

PMID- 19994218
TI  - Smallpox Handler's Lung.

PMID- 19994219
TI  - Abnormalities of the Foramen Magnum Area [Abridged].

PMID- 19994220
TI  - Autoimmune Thyroiditis with Raised I Uptake.

PMID- 19994222
TI  - Pre-symptomatic Ulcerative Colitis.

PMID- 19994221
TI  - Aneurysm of Abdominal Aorta with Aorto-caval Fistula.

PMID- 19994223
TI  - Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome with Vomiting of Polypi.

PMID- 19994224
TI  - Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism with Unusual Biochemical Features.

PMID- 19994225
TI  - The Medical Check-up or Pre-symptomatic Diagnosis [Abridged].

PMID- 19994226
TI  - The Medical Check-up or Pre-symptomatic Diagnosis [Abridged].

PMID- 19994227
TI  - The Medical Check-up or Pre-symptomatic Diagnosis [Abridged].

PMID- 19994228
TI  - The Medical Check-up or Pre-symptomatic Diagnosis [Abridged].

PMID- 19994229
TI  - Smallpox in England and Wales 1962.

PMID- 19994230
TI  - Smallpox in England and Wales 1962.

PMID- 19994232
TI  - Smallpox in England and Wales 1962.

PMID- 19994231
TI  - Smallpox in England and Wales 1962.

PMID- 19994233
TI  - Smallpox in England and Wales 1962.

PMID- 19994235
TI  - Cushing's Syndrome with Non-endocrine Carcinoma.

PMID- 19994234
TI  - A Sociological View of Dental Health.

PMID- 19994236
TI  - Autoimmune Thyroiditis with High I Uptake.

PMID- 19994238
TI  - Virilism - Adrenal Tumour.

PMID- 19994237
TI  - Gonadal Dysgenesis with an XY Chromosome Pattern.

PMID- 19994239
TI  - Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 19994240
TI  - Stein-Leventhal Syndrome.

PMID- 19994241
TI  - Carcinoma of the Thyroid.

PMID- 19994242
TI  - Methohexitone [Abridged].

PMID- 19994243
TI  - Methohexitone [Abridged].

PMID- 19994244
TI  - Methohexitone [Abridged].

PMID- 19994245
TI  - Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy.

PMID- 19994246
TI  - Hypophysectomy.

PMID- 19994247
TI  - Hypophysectomy.

PMID- 19994248
TI  - Hypophysectomy.

PMID- 19994249
TI  - Hypertension: Management and Results.

PMID- 19994250
TI  - Hypertension: Management and Results.

PMID- 19994251
TI  - Hypertension: Management and Results.

PMID- 19994252
TI  - Symposium on Fibrinolysis.

PMID- 19994253
TI  - Symposium: The Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

PMID- 19994254
TI  - Symposium: The Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

PMID- 19994255
TI  - The Planning of Urological Departments [Abridged].

PMID- 19994256
TI  - The Planning of Urological Departments [Abridged].

PMID- 19994258
TI  - The Planning of Urological Departments [Abridged].

PMID- 19994257
TI  - The Planning of Urological Departments [Abridged].

PMID- 19994259
TI  - Unilateral Sciatica with Neurological Signs [Summary].

PMID- 19994260
TI  - Malabsorption from the Alimentary Tract [Abridged].

PMID- 19994261
TI  - Malabsorption from the Alimentary Tract [Abridged].

PMID- 19994262
TI  - The Applications of Fluorescent Antibody Techniques in Bacteriology and Virology.

PMID- 19994263
TI  - The Applications of Fluorescent Antibody Techniques in Bacteriology and Virology.

PMID- 19994264
TI  - Strokes [Abridged].

PMID- 19994265
TI  - Strokes [Abridged].

PMID- 19994266
TI  - Strokes [Abridged].

PMID- 19994267
TI  - Strokes [Abridged].

PMID- 19994268
TI  - The Laboratory Diagnosis of Crohn's Syndrome.

PMID- 19994269
TI  - Meningomyelocele.

PMID- 19994270
TI  - A Study of Bone Changes Associated with Tooth Eruption.

PMID- 19994271
TI  - Epidemiology of Cancer in Africa.

PMID- 19994272
TI  - Encephalitis.

PMID- 19994273
TI  - The Pharmaceutical Industry: What it is and What it does.

PMID- 19994274
TI  - Some Medical Problems of Immigration into Britain.

PMID- 19994275
TI  - Assessing Post-operative Pain Relief.

PMID- 19994276
TI  - Assessing Post-operative Pain Relief.

PMID- 19994278
TI  - Recurrent Erythema Nodosum.

PMID- 19994277
TI  - Assessing Post-operative Pain Relief.

PMID- 19994279
TI  - A Survey of Dental and Gingival Conditions in School Children.

PMID- 19994280
TI  - Lymphoma presenting with Follicular Mucinosis.

PMID- 19994281
TI  - Case for Diagnosis? Reticulosis.

PMID- 19994283
TI  - The Planning of Operating Theatres [Abridged].

PMID- 19994282
TI  - The Planning of Operating Theatres [Abridged].

PMID- 19994284
TI  - The Planning of Operating Theatres [Abridged].

PMID- 19994286
TI  - Pycnodysostosis.

PMID- 19994285
TI  - X-ray Diagnosis of Diseases of the Breast [Abridged].

PMID- 19994287
TI  - Survival after Serious Injury.

PMID- 19994288
TI  - The Oral and Pharyngeal Manifestations of Skin Disease.

PMID- 19994289
TI  - Diastomyelia.

PMID- 19994290
TI  - Nail-patella Syndrome.

PMID- 19994291
TI  - Vesical Diverticula in Women and Children [Abstract].

PMID- 19994292
TI  - Unusual Renal Tumours [Summary].

PMID- 19994293
TI  - Tissue Transplantation.

PMID- 19994294
TI  - Tissue Transplantation.

PMID- 19994295
TI  - Accidental Hypothermia [Abstract].

PMID- 19994296
TI  - Conception of Schizophrenia Within the Last Fifty Years and Today [Abridged].

PMID- 19994298
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994297
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994299
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994301
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994300
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994303
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994302
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994304
TI  - Panel Discussion: Colostomies.

PMID- 19994306
TI  - Respiratory Distress in Some Diseases of Man and Animals [Abridged].

PMID- 19994305
TI  - Wound Infection in Surgery of the Colon and Rectum [Abstract].

PMID- 19994307
TI  - Some Neurological Observations on Children With Spina Bifida Cystica and
      Associated Paraplegia [Abstract].

PMID- 19994308
TI  - Carotid-cavernous Arteriovenous Fistula.

PMID- 19994309
TI  - Introduction.

PMID- 19994310
TI  - Some Distinguished Members of the Section.

PMID- 19994311
TI  - A final Word on 'Medical History'.

PMID- 19994312
TI  - Vote of thanks.

PMID- 19994313
TI  - The Use of Oral Glycerol in Glaucoma [Summary].

PMID- 19994314
TI  - Florid Apophysitis of the Os Calcis.

PMID- 19994315
TI  - Neuropathic Shoulder and Hip Joints.

PMID- 19994316
TI  - Hereditary Craniopubic Dysostosis.

PMID- 19994317
TI  - Purchase of Chandos House.

PMID- 19994318
TI  - The Thymus and Immnity [Abridged].

PMID- 19994319
TI  - Congenital Pseudarthrosis of Clavicle.

PMID- 19994320
TI  - Tennis Elbow Treated by de Goes' Operation.

PMID- 19994321
TI  - Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke.

PMID- 19994322
TI  - Delayed Primary Suture after Appendicectomy.

PMID- 19994323
TI  - Recent Advances in Maxillo-facial Surgery.

PMID- 19994324
TI  - Diabetes Survey in Bedford 1962.

PMID- 19994325
TI  - Diabetes Survey in Bedford 1962.

PMID- 19994326
TI  - Domiciliary Obstetrics.

PMID- 19994327
TI  - Domiciliary Obstetrics.

PMID- 19994328
TI  - Letter from the President.

PMID- 19994329
TI  - The Future of Medical Care Outside the Hospital [Abridged].

PMID- 19994330
TI  - The Future of Medical Care Outside the Hospital [Abridged].

PMID- 19994331
TI  - The Health of the Coloured Child in Great Britain.

PMID- 19994332
TI  - The Health of the Coloured Child in Great Britain.

PMID- 19994333
TI  - The Health of the Coloured Child in Great Britain.

PMID- 19994334
TI  - The Health of the Coloured Child in Great Britain.

PMID- 19994335
TI  - Factors Affecting Planning.

PMID- 19994336
TI  - Technical Aids.

PMID- 19994337
TI  - Planning of X-ray Departments.

PMID- 19994338
TI  - The New Hospital.

PMID- 19994339
TI  - The New Radiotherapy Department.

PMID- 19994340
TI  - Fungi in Human and Animal Disease.

PMID- 19994341
TI  - Public Persuasion in Health Matters with Particular Reference to Smoking.

PMID- 19994342
TI  - Public Persuasion in Health Matters with Particular Reference to Smoking.

PMID- 19994343
TI  - The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus.

PMID- 19994344
TI  - The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus.

PMID- 19994346
TI  - Mycobacterial Disease in Man and Animals [Abridged].

PMID- 19994345
TI  - The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus.

PMID- 19994347
TI  - Current Developments in Ophthalmology.

PMID- 19994348
TI  - Hepatectomy [Abridged].

PMID- 19994349
TI  - Hepatectomy [Abridged].

PMID- 19994350
TI  - A Case of Anal Micturition.

PMID- 19994351
TI  - Sigmoid Myotomy [Abridged].

PMID- 19994352
TI  - Observations on Villous Papillomata [Abridged].

PMID- 19994353
TI  - A Study of Healing in the Anal Canal and of the Severity of Post-operative Pain
      after Haemorrhoidectomy [Abridged].

PMID- 19994354
TI  - Intravenous Pyelography during Renal Colic [Abridged].

PMID- 19994355
TI  - Compression of Optic Chiasm by an Intracranial Carotid Aneurysm.

PMID- 19994356
TI  - Radioisotopes in the Investigation of Tumours [Abridged].

PMID- 19994357
TI  - Skeletal Cortical Overgrowth and Hyperostosis [Summary].

PMID- 19994358
TI  - Exhibit on Periodontal Diseases.

PMID- 19994359
TI  - Epidemiology of Virus Hepatitis [Abridged].

PMID- 19994360
TI  - Onchocerciasis.

PMID- 19994361
TI  - Laryngological Session: Replacement Surgery for Postcricoid Carcinomas.

PMID- 19994362
TI  - Laryngological Session: Replacement Surgery for Postcricoid Carcinomas.

PMID- 19994363
TI  - Congenital Malformations of the Middle Ear [Abstract].

PMID- 19994364
TI  - The Effect of Attentive Factors upon Bio-electric Paroxysms in Epileptic
      Children.

PMID- 19994365
TI  - The Placental Transfusion Syndrome in Monozygous Twins.

PMID- 19994366
TI  - Growth Hormone [Summary].

PMID- 19994367
TI  - The Intensive Care of the Coronary Crisis.

PMID- 19994369
TI  - Cataract in the Glaucoma Patient.

PMID- 19994368
TI  - The Intensive Care of the Coronary Crisis.

PMID- 19994370
TI  - Cataract in the Glaucoma Patient.

PMID- 19994371
TI  - Hieronymus Bosch.

PMID- 19994372
TI  - Mycoplasma Species as Agents of Disease in Animals and Man [Abridged].

PMID- 19994373
TI  - Mycoplasma Species as Agents of Disease in Animals and Man [Abridged].

PMID- 19994374
TI  - Mycoplasma Species as Agents of Disease in Animals and Man [Abridged].

PMID- 19994375
TI  - Particle Beam Therapy [Summary].

PMID- 19994376
TI  - Electron Beam Therapy.

PMID- 19994377
TI  - The Use of X-rays as a Research Instrument [Summary].

PMID- 19994378
TI  - The Use of X-rays as a Research Instrument [Summary].

PMID- 19994380
TI  - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a Girl aged 11.

PMID- 19994379
TI  - The Use of X-rays as a Research Instrument [Summary].

PMID- 19994381
TI  - Tetanus Prophylaxis.

PMID- 19994382
TI  - Tetanus Prophylaxis.

PMID- 19994383
TI  - Tetanus Prophylaxis.

PMID- 19994384
TI  - Tetanus Prophylaxis.

PMID- 19994385
TI  - Tetanus Prophylaxis.

PMID- 19994386
TI  - Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina.

PMID- 19994387
TI  - Double Uterus with Unilateral Haematocolpos and Absence of the Ipsilateral
      Kidney.

PMID- 19994388
TI  - Internal Hernia and Subsequent Volvulus of the Small Intestine during Pregnancy.

PMID- 19994389
TI  - Two Further Cases of Erythrocytosis Secondary to Fibromyomata.

PMID- 19994390
TI  - Necrotizing Enteritis Following Myomectomy.

PMID- 19994391
TI  - Diagnostic Problems in Pregnancy: Severe Laevorotation of the Uterus.

PMID- 19994392
TI  - Cinephotography of the Larynx.

PMID- 19994393
TI  - Opening Address.

PMID- 19994394
TI  - Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19994395
TI  - Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19994396
TI  - Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19994397
TI  - Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19994398
TI  - Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19994399
TI  - Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19994401
TI  - Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament by the Method of Kenneth Jones
      (1963).

PMID- 19994400
TI  - Induction of Labour.

PMID- 19994402
TI  - Arthropathy in Man and Animals.

PMID- 19994403
TI  - Community Services for the Mentally Subnormal.

PMID- 19994404
TI  - Community Services for the Mentally Subnormal.

PMID- 19994405
TI  - Recent Advances in Local Analgesia.

PMID- 19994406
TI  - Management of Pituitary Tumours.

PMID- 19994407
TI  - Management of Pituitary Tumours.

PMID- 19994409
TI  - Management of Pituitary Tumours.

PMID- 19994408
TI  - Management of Pituitary Tumours.

PMID- 19994410
TI  - Hypercalcaemia and Hypoglycaemia Associated with Tumours.

PMID- 19994411
TI  - Endocrine Dysfunction in Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19994412
TI  - Endocrine Dysfunction in Malignant Disease.

PMID- 19994413
TI  - The Thalidomide Legacy.

PMID- 19994414
TI  - Congenital Ear Abnormalities Due to Thalidomide.

PMID- 19994415
TI  - Principles of Teratogenesis: Mode of Action of Thalidomide.

PMID- 19994416
TI  - An Ultra-structural Analysis of Vestibular End-organs with Special Reference to a
      Unit Analysis of their Function [Abstract].

PMID- 19994417
TI  - The Use and Misuse of Laboratory Services in Surgical Practice.

PMID- 19994418
TI  - The Use and Misuso of Laboratory Services in Surgical Practice.

PMID- 19994419
TI  - The Use and Misuse of Laboratory Services in Surgical Practice.

PMID- 19994420
TI  - Secondary Deposit in Occipital Bone Twenty-eight Years after Removal of Thyroid
      Carcinoma.

PMID- 19994421
TI  - Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Male Breast.

PMID- 19994422
TI  - Symposium: Haemolytic Anaemias.

PMID- 19994424
TI  - Symposium: Haemolytic Anaemias.

PMID- 19994423
TI  - Symposium: Haemolytic Anaemias.

PMID- 19994425
TI  - Metabolic Function in Affective Disorders [Abridged].

PMID- 19994426
TI  - The Assessment of Methods of Psychological Treatment [Abridged].

PMID- 19994427
TI  - The Assessment of Methods of Psychological Treatment [Abridged].

PMID- 19994428
TI  - Steroid-induced Glaucoma.

PMID- 19994429
TI  - Adverse Reactions to Corticosteroid Therapy in the Eye.

PMID- 19994430
TI  - Arterial Fluorescein Studies in Diabetic Retinopathy.

PMID- 19994431
TI  - The Neuro-ophthalmological Complications of Diabetes.

PMID- 19994432
TI  - Personal Memories of William Lang.

PMID- 19994433
TI  - Moorfields and British Ophthalmology.

PMID- 19994434
TI  - Electroencephalography in Animals [Abridged].

PMID- 19994435
TI  - Electroencephalography in Animals [Abridged].

PMID- 19994437
TI  - Electroencephalography in Animals [Abridged].

PMID- 19994436
TI  - Electroencephalography in Animals [Abridged].

PMID- 19994438
TI  - The Cerebral Control of Micturition.

PMID- 19994440
TI  - The Effect of Cyclophosphamide on Some Urinary Tract Tumours [Abstract].

PMID- 19994439
TI  - Photocystoscopic Observation of Bladder Neoplasms [Abridged].

PMID- 19994441
TI  - Eunuchoid Treated with Gonadotrophins.

PMID- 19994442
TI  - The Pathology and Chemistry of Experimental OEdema in the Brain.

PMID- 19994444
TI  - Muscle Relaxant Drugs - Why? [Summary].

PMID- 19994443
TI  - The Planniing and Problems of Clinical Trials.

PMID- 19994445
TI  - Deafness.

PMID- 19994446
TI  - Deafness.

PMID- 19994447
TI  - Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Metastatic Tuberculous Abscesses of the Skin.

PMID- 19994448
TI  - Urticaria Pigmentosa with Disseminated Mastocytosis Controlled with Chlorambucil.

PMID- 19994449
TI  - Rupture of Diaphragm - Delayed Diagnosis.

PMID- 19994450
TI  - Cervical Cytology [Summary].

PMID- 19994451
TI  - Haemorrhoidectomy, a New Method [Summary].

PMID- 19994452
TI  - Surgical Advances and Techniques.

PMID- 19994453
TI  - Nicolas Stensen and the Brain [Abstract].

PMID- 19994454
TI  - Carefree Colostomies [Sunmmary].

PMID- 19994455
TI  - Plagues in Animal Populations [Abridged].

PMID- 19994456
TI  - Fallot's Tetralogy [Summary].

PMID- 19994457
TI  - The Specific Gravity of Femoral Head Biopsies [Summary].

PMID- 19994458
TI  - Symposium on Infertility [Abridged].

PMID- 19994459
TI  - Symposium on Infertility [Abridged].

PMID- 19994460
TI  - Symposium on Infertility [Abridged].

PMID- 19994461
TI  - Symposium on Infertility [Abridged].

PMID- 19994462
TI  - Acoustic Tumours.

PMID- 19994463
TI  - Holiday travel and your health.

PMID- 19994464
TI  - How accurate is colonoscopy?

PMID- 19994465
TI  - Handling the "stress" and "urge" of incontinence.

PMID- 19994466
TI  - How to avoid foodborne illness at home.

PMID- 19994467
TI  - Vaccinations: are you up-to-date?

PMID- 19994468
TI  - Vaccination checklist for adults.

PMID- 19994469
TI  - [Augmented hepatic regeneration of living donor liver graft by intraportal
      insulin administration].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of postoperative intraportally administration
      of insulin on hepatic regeneration in adult patients underwent living donor right
      lobe liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS: From July 2005 to September 2007, 15
      right lobe LDLT adult recipients voluntarily receiving posttransplant intraportal
      insulin administration, without postoperative vascular and bile duct
      complications, without immune rejection, with more than 1 month survival and
      complete clinical data were enrolled in this study as intraportal insulin-therapy
      group (Group I). Another consecutive 15 right lobe LDLT adult recipients meeting
      the upwards referred criteria were enrolled in as non-insulin-therapy control
      group (Group NI). Recipients in Group I were treated postoperatively with
      intraportal insulin infusion, as follows: a 18-gauge catheter was inserted into
      right gastro-omental vein during surgery, regular insulin was administered just
      after the operation at the rate of 2 units/hour for 7 days. Liver function and
      serum insulin level were measured at before-operative day 1, postoperative day
      (POD) 7 and 30. Graft volume (GV) were measured during operation, and at POD 7
      and 30. RESULTS: The rate defined as ratio of POD 7 GV/operation GV in Group I
      was higher than that of Group NI [(186.1 +/- 35.4)% vs. (160.6 +/- 22.1)%, P <
      0.05]. The rate defined as ratio of POD 7 GRWR/operation GRWR was also higher in
      Group I than Group NI [(179.0 +/- 35.8) % vs. (156.6 +/- 18.5%, P < 0.05],
      whereas significant differences were not appeared between two groups in terms of
      regeneration rates at POD 30. Serum levels of total bilirubin, aspartate
      aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in Group I were lower than that in
      Group NI at POD 7 (P < 0.05). Significant differences were not presented between
      two groups in terms of post-transplant serum insulin levels and total insulin
      dosage by subcutaneous administration and venous injection (P > 0.05).
      CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intraportal insulin administration could
      augment liver graft regeneration during the first postoperative week.

PMID- 19994470
TI  - Characterisation of short tandem repeats for genotyping Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Establish a typing system for Mycobacterium leprae based on
      polymorphic DNA structures known as short tandem repeats (STR). DESIGN: Assess 16
      polymorphic STR for sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility in standard
      assays using reference strains of M. leprae. RESULTS: Primers for 16 STR loci
      were selected based on PCR product size and for their ability to sequence each
      STR locus from both directions. All primer pairs produced a visible PCR amplicon
      of appropriate size from PCR reactions containing 10 M. leprae cells. DNA
      sequences for each STR locus, except (AT) 15, was correctly identified as M.
      leprae-specific in replicate samples containing 1000 M. leprae using either the
      forward or reverse PCR primers. Twelve of 13 M. leprae STR loci were stable
      during passage in heavily infected armadillo tissues over a 5 year and 7 month
      infection cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Certain M. leprae STR provide suitable targets for
      strain typing with the potential for grouping M. leprae with shared genotypes
      that may prove useful for establishing linkages between leprosy cases within
      geographical regions.

PMID- 19994471
TI  - Normal production of human chorionic gonadotropin in perimenopausal and
      menopausal women and after oophorectomy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The normal pituitary production of human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG)alongside luteinizing hormone, and its presence in women after bilateral
      oophorectomy, during perimenopause and menopause, as measured in serum and urine,
      has been known for 30 years and is described in numerous publications. Last year
      our group discussed this finding in a correspondence to the editor in the March
      15th issue of New England Journal of Medicine, yet the misinterpretation of low
      level hCG in these women seems to have increased in magnitude. METHODS: This is
      an outcomes study of 36 cases of menopausal hCG referred to the USA hCG Reference
      Service over a 1-year period, from March 2007 to March 2008. RESULTS: Eight cases
      occurred in women after oophorectomy, 28 were women in menopause/perimenopause.
      Surgery was postponed in 5 (14%) of 36 cases, and in 3 cases (8%), chemotherapy
      was unnecessarily administered. In 2 cases, computed tomography scans were
      cancelled. The average hCG detected was 10 +/- 7.2 IU/L in cases receiving an
      oophorectomy and 9.8 +/- 6.7 in perimenopause and 11 +/- 6.2 IU/L in menopause
      cases. CONCLUSIONS: Low-level hCG production in woman in physiologic
      perimenopause, in menopause, or in women with prior bilateral oophorectomy is a
      normal biologic and biochemical phenomenon. Management protocols in all fields
      need to be changed to accept pituitary hCG as normal and recognize the clinical
      maneuvers that will secure the diagnosis. Understanding this physiology will
      avoid needless delays in necessary therapies such as organ transplant procedures
      and will limit the misadventure of prescribing unnecessary cancer treatments.

PMID- 19994472
TI  - Stage IA2 cervical carcinoma: how much treatment is enough?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The current guidance for the management of women with stage IA2
      cervical carcinoma is that whatever the primary surgical intervention, pelvic
      lymphadenectomy should be included. The role of lymphadenectomy in the management
      of cervical carcinoma remains somewhat confused, as the procedure has not been
      proven to be therapeutic, although it is claimed that the information gained is
      valuable in determining the need for adjuvant therapy. For lymphadenectomy to
      have clinical utility in the care of women with stage IA2 cervical carcinoma, a
      sufficiently high incidence of node positivity would be required to justify the
      morbidity of the procedure for the whole group. The objective of this paper was
      to establish the incidence of pelvic lymph node positivity in stage IA2 cervical
      carcinoma. METHODS: A PubMed search using the words "stage IA2 cervical
      carcinoma," "microinvasive cervical carcinoma," "stage IA cervical carcinoma,"
      "stage I cervical carcinoma," and "lymphadenectomy in cervical carcinoma" was
      performed; the articles were divided into those that adhered to the International
      Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) definition of a stage IA2 tumor
      and those that did not. Sentinel node studies were not included, as this
      procedure does not form part of the FIGO guidelines. RESULTS: Studies adhering to
      the FIGO definition showed a 0.5% incidence of lymph node metastases in stage IA2
      cervical carcinomas, which is not as high as was previously believed (7.3%).
      CONCLUSIONS: The very low rate of positive lymph nodes in correctly staged IA2
      cases cannot justify the inclusion of lymphadenectomy as part of standardized
      care for these patients.

PMID- 19994473
TI  - [Hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome--the first family in Germany].
AB  - We report on a 23-year-old woman who presented with elevated serum ferritin
      values at our department. She had undergone cataract surgery at the age of 14 and
      her family pedigree showed hereditary autosomal-dominant cataract. The
      combination of isolated hyperferritinemia with autosomal-dominant hereditary
      cataract led to the diagnosis of the hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract
      syndrome (HHCS) which we now describe in a German family for the first time. HHCS
      was confirmed by detection of a causal mutation at position 32 within the iron
      responsive element (IRE) of L-ferritin leading to a guanine to adenine exchange
      and the pathognomonic star-shaped cataract. This mutation interrupts the post
      transcriptional control of L-ferritin. It prevents binding of the iron regulatory
      protein 1 (IRP1) to the 5alpha untranslated region of L-ferritin resulting in
      uncontrolled L-ferritin synthesis and high serum ferritin levels independent of
      the body iron stores. Premature cataract is eventually caused by deposition of L
      ferritin crystals in the lens of the eye. Our family shows the typical autosomal
      dominant inheritance of HHCS over four generations affecting a total of 17 family
      members. The causal mutation, star-shaped cataract and typical laboratory
      configuration were confirmed in five patients. Thus, in gastroenterological
      practice, HHCS should be added as a differential diagnosis of hyperferritinemia
      in Germany. Importantly, patients with HHCS can be spared from invasive
      diagnostics such as liver biopsy.

PMID- 19994474
TI  - [Habitual physical activity during growth].
AB  - The three objectives of the present review of the literature were to:
      characterize the evolution of habitual physical activity (HPA) during growth;
      evaluate the tracking of HPA from childhood to adulthood; and analyse the level
      of HPA in children and adolescents according to public health recommendations.
      Data indicates that HPA decreases from childhood to adulthood about 7% per year,
      with a great reduction during puberty and adolescence concurrent to changes in
      the type of physical activity. It appears that HPA is not quite steady (0.09 < r
      < 0.66) during growth, which means that behavioural changes occur. Being very
      active during childhood or adolescence does not necessarily translate into a high
      level of HPA in adulthood. The mean values of HPA of children and adolescents
      vary from 15 to 90 min.day(-1) between studies, and for most of them HPA has been
      higher or close to public health recommendations. However, these results mask a
      great number of children and adolescents who are inactive or becoming inactive
      (40 to 45% of the population).

PMID- 19994475
TI  - Fractures of the carpal navicular: analysis of ninety-one cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - The various forms of treatment for fractures of the carpal navicular have been
      briefly reviewed, and ninety-one such fractures have been analyzed in detail.
      Thirty-eight were acute, three were subacute, and fifty were old when first
      seen.From this study the following conclusions were reached: 1. Acute fractures
      of the navicular should be completely immobilized until union has occurred, even
      though this may require many months. 2. Concomitant injuries, such as dislocation
      of one or more carpal bones, should be appropriately treated. 3. Gross
      displacement of fragments should be reduced, by open surgery if necessary. 4.
      Fractures of the carpal navicular a year old or more have a good chance of
      uniting if immobilized for many months provided the fragments are not grossly
      displaced, sclerosis is not present at the fracture line, and there are no
      arthritic changes visible by roentgenogram. 5. Excision of part or all of the
      navicular often results in a painful wrist with limited function. 6.
      Styloidectomy is not recommended for general use. It was effective in relieving
      pain in only two of eleven cases of old non-union. 7. Styloidectomy combined with
      a bone graft of the Murray type was the most effective means of securing union of
      the fracture and relieving wrist pain in the surgically treated cases in this
      series. The Murray bone graft alone was not nearly so effective. 8. Wrist fusion
      relieves pain but eliminates wrist motion. It may salvage a comparatively useless
      wrist. 9. Active treatment of every non-union is not necessary. Persons who do
      not do manual work are often able to live useful happy lives with some limitation
      of wrist motion and occasional discomfort, despite an old ununited fracture.

PMID- 19994476
TI  - Reversible enzymatic synthesis of flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
AB  - An enzyme has been partially purified from brewer's yeast which catalyzes the
      reversible reaction between riboflavin phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
      on the one hand and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and inorganic pyrophosphate
      on the other in the presence of magnesium ions. ATP could not be replaced by
      adenosine diphosphate or adenosine-5-phosphate, and in the reverse reaction,
      inorganic pyrophosphate could not be replaced by ortho- or metaphosphate. With
      riboflavin and ATP a slight amount of FAD formation was observed.

PMID- 19994477
TI  - Laparoscopic diaphragm pacing for tetraplegia.
AB  - (1) The NeuRx DPS is a laparoscopically implanted device that provides
      ventilatory support. (2) This device stimulates the diaphragm muscle, rather than
      the phrenic nerve, and is intended to lead to less risk of nerve damage than
      other therapies.(3) This technology provides an alternative to mechanical
      ventilation, and allows patients to increase day-to-day freedom and minimize the
      risk of respiratory infection. (4) The NeuRx DPS safety profile is based on
      clinical testing, which began with clinical trials starting in 2000. It has the
      potential to reduce costs, but this has not been well established.

PMID- 19994478
TI  - Phonological awareness and language intervention in preschoolers from low socio
      economic backgrounds: a longitudinal investigation.
AB  - This study examines the literacy outcomes for children from socially
      disadvantaged backgrounds who had received specific whole-class phonological
      awareness (PA) and language intervention in preschool. The participants were 57
      children who had been involved in the original intervention study. Their PA
      skills, letter-sound knowledge, real word and non-word spelling and reading
      comprehension were assessed in Grade 2. The results indicated that children who
      had received intervention in preschool performed similarly to the children who
      had not received intervention. The gains made in PA and language skills post
      intervention had failed to augment further literacy development. A post hoc
      examination of individual student profiles, however, revealed that a subgroup of
      children who had received intervention had maintained their enhanced performance
      and that the intervention cohort had similar scores on tests of PA ability to
      their age-matched peers in the population. It was concluded that whole-class,
      teacher-delivered, PA and language intervention, while effective in the short
      term, does not lead to a generalized improvement in literacy skills in Grade 2.
      Possible reasons for the failure of the program to produce medium term gains are
      discussed.

PMID- 19994479
TI  - 'It's all good': children's personality attributions after repeated success and
      failure in peer and computer interactions.
AB  - The present study examined children's use of behavioural outcome information to
      make personality attributions in social and non-social contexts. One hundred and
      twenty-eight 3- to 6-year-olds were told about a story actor who engaged in
      primarily successful or primarily unsuccessful interactions with several
      different people (social context) or several different computers (non-social
      context). Subsequently, children made behavioural predictions and trait
      attributions about the actor. Findings indicated that participants were more
      likely to use past information to make behavioural predictions and trait
      attributions when hearing about primarily successful than primarily unsuccessful
      interactions, although there were age-related differences in trait attribution as
      a function of success and trait type. There was no support for differential use
      of information across contexts, as participants' predictions and attributions
      were similar regardless of hearing about interactions with computers or humans.
      Factors involved in the development of impression formation are discussed.

PMID- 19994480
TI  - Effects of peer group rejection and a new group's norms on children's intergroup
      attitudes.
AB  - This study examined the effects of peer group rejection and a new group's norms
      on 7- and 9-year old children's intergroup attitudes. Children (N = 82) were
      rejected or accepted by an initial group, then accepted by a new group that had a
      norm of inclusion versus exclusion towards others. Results showed that rejected
      compared with accepted children had a more negative attitude towards the initial
      group, that they were equally positive towards their new group, but that the
      rejected children were more negative towards an outgroup. Results also revealed
      an age x target group x group norm effect that indicated that the younger
      children's attitudes towards the three groups were more negative in the exclusion
      versus acceptance norm condition. The older children were also more negative
      towards the initial and new groups in the exclusion condition, but their more
      positive attitudes towards the outgroup were unaffected by the group norms. The
      bases of the effects of peer group rejection and group norms are discussed.

PMID- 19994481
TI  - Patterns of problem-solving in children's literacy and arithmetic.
AB  - Patterns of problem-solving among 5-to-7 year-olds' were examined on a range of
      literacy (reading and spelling) and arithmetic-based (addition and subtraction)
      problem-solving tasks using verbal self-reports to monitor strategy choice. The
      results showed higher levels of variability in the children's strategy choice
      across Years I and 2 on the arithmetic (addition and subtraction) than literacy
      based tasks (reading and spelling). However, across all four tasks, the children
      showed a tendency to move from less sophisticated procedural-based strategies,
      which included phonological strategies for reading and spelling and counting-all
      and finger modellingfor addition and subtraction, to more efficient retrieval
      methods from Years I to 2. Distinct patterns in children's problem-solving skill
      were identified on the literacy and arithmetic tasks using two separate cluster
      analyses. There was a strong association between these two profiles showing that
      those children with more advanced problem-solving skills on the arithmetic tasks
      also showed more advanced profiles on the literacy tasks. The results highlight
      how different-aged children show flexibility in their use of problem-solving
      strategies across literacy and arithmetical contexts and reinforce the importance
      of studying variations in children's problem-solving skill across different
      educational contexts.

PMID- 19994482
TI  - Who escapes or remains a victim of bullying in primary school?
AB  - The stability of both direct and relational victimization and factors that
      contribute to remaining, escaping or becoming a victim of bullying were
      investigated. 663 children at baseline aged 6-9 (years 2-4) were interviewed
      about their bullying experiences and parents completed a behaviour and health
      measure. Children's perception of the degree of social hierarchical structuring
      and social prominence in their class was determined by peer nominations. 432
      children participated in the follow-up either 2 or 4years after baseline aged 10
      11 (year 6) and completed a bullying questionnaire. Relational victims and
      children from classes with a high hierarchical structure were more likely to have
      dropped out of the study compared to neutral children, and children from classes
      with a low hierarchical structure. Relative risk analyses indicated a twofold
      increased risk of remaining a direct victim at follow-up, compared to a child not
      involved at baseline becoming a victim over the follow-up period. In contrast,
      relational victimization increased but was not found to be stable. Logistic
      regression analyses revealed that being a girl, and receiving few positive peer
      nominations predicted remaining a direct victim. Becoming a relational victim at
      follow-up was predicted by a strong class hierarchy. The implications for future
      study of early recognition of likely long term victims and early preventative
      bullying initiatives are discussed.

PMID- 19994483
TI  - Birds of a feather bully together: group processes and children's responses to
      bullying.
AB  - Recent research has shown that a group-level analysis can inform our
      understanding of school bullying. The present research drew on social identity
      theory and intergroup emotion theory. Nine- to eleven-year olds were randomly
      assigned to the same group as story characters who were described as engaging in
      bullying, as being bullied, or as neither engaging in bullying nor being bullied.
      Participants read a story in which a bully, supported by his or her group, was
      described as acting unkindly towards a child in a different group. Gender of
      protagonists and the bully's group norm (to be kind or unkind to other children)
      were varied. Identification affected responses to the bullying incident, such
      that those who identified more highly with each group favoured this group.
      Moreover, children's group membership predicted the group-based emotions they
      reported, together with the associated action tendencies. Implications for
      understanding the processes underlying bullying behaviour are discussed.

PMID- 19994484
TI  - Children's reasoning about evaluative feedback.
AB  - Children's reasoning about the willingness of peers to convey accurate positive
      and negative performance feedback to others was investigated among a total of 179
      6- to 11-year-olds from the USA and China. In Study 1, which was conducted in the
      USA only, participants responded that peers would be more likely to provide
      positive feedback than negative feedback, and this tendency was strongest among
      the younger children. In Study 2, the expectation that peers would preferentially
      disclose positive feedback was replicated among children from the USA, and was
      also seen among younger but not older children from China. Participants in all
      groups took the relationship between communication partners into account when
      predicting whether peers would express evaluative feedback. Results of open-ended
      responses suggested cross-cultural differences, including a greater emphasis by
      Chinese children on the implications of evaluative feedback for future
      performance, and reference by some older Chinese children to the possibility that
      positive feedback might make the recipient 'too proud'.

PMID- 19994485
TI  - The social behaviours of inhibited children in and out of preschool.
AB  - The goal of the present study was to explore the social behaviours of inhibited
      children in familiar social contexts, including: (1) free play with peers at
      preschool and (2) social activities at home and in the community. The initial
      participants were N = 248 preschool children between the ages of 42 and 66
      months. From this initial data, two smaller groups of inhibited (N = 12) and
      uninhibited comparison (N = 12) children were identified. These children were
      observed during free play at preschool and parents completed daily logs of
      children's social activities outside of school. Among the findings, inhibited
      children were observed to display more reticent (on looking, unoccupied) and
      anxious behaviours during free play preschool than uninhibited children. As well,
      inhibited children participated less in structured social activities outside
      school and were more likely to engage in dyadic play at home with a single friend
      as compared to their uninhibited counterparts.

PMID- 19994486
TI  - Breadth and intensity: salient, separable, and developmentally significant
      dimensions of structured youth activity involvement.
AB  - In recent years, an impressive volume of evidence has accumulated demonstrating
      that youth involvement in structured, organized activities (e.g. school sports,
      community clubs) may facilitate positive youth development. We present a theory
      based framework for studying structured activity involvement (SAI) as a context
      for positive youth development based on two key dimensions: breadth and intensity
      of involvement. Our main goal is to demonstrate the separability, salience, and
      developmental significance of these two dimensions. We review three developmental
      theoretical approaches (identity development, life-span selection-optimization
      compensation theory, and affordances) that support our conceptualization of
      breadth and intensity as salient and significant dimensions of SAI. We also
      summarize our recent program of research on SAI demonstrating the separability of
      breadth and intensity dimensions, which shows links between these dimensions and
      indicators of positive development. Finally, we discuss how the proposed breadth
      intensity approach could be used to extend research on the linkage between youth
      SAI and successful development.

PMID- 19994487
TI  - Listening comprehension in preschoolers: the role of memory.
AB  - The current study analyzed the relationship between text comprehension and memory
      skills in preschoolers. We were interested in verifying the hypothesis that
      memory is a specific contributor to listening comprehension in preschool children
      after controlling for verbal abilities. We were also interested in analyzing the
      developmental path of the relationship between memory skills and listening
      comprehension in the age range considered. Forty-four, 4-year-olds (mean age = 4
      years and 6 months, SD = 4 months) and 40, 5-year-olds (mean age = 5 years and 4
      months, SD = 5 months) participated in the study. The children were administered
      measures to evaluate listening comprehension ability (story comprehension), short
      term and working memory skills (forward and backward word span), verbal
      intelligence and receptive vocabulary. Results showed that both short-term and
      working memory predicted unique and independent variance in listening
      comprehension after controlling for verbal abilities, with working memory
      explaining additional variance over and above short-term memory. The predictive
      power of memory skills was stable in the age range considered. Results also
      confirm a strong relation between verbal abilities and listening comprehension in
      4- and 5-year-old children.

PMID- 19994488
TI  - Return of the Candy Witch: individual differences in acceptance and stability of
      belief in a novel fantastical being.
AB  - Recent research indicates that preschoolers make sophisticated choices in
      accepting testimony as a source of knowledge. Nonetheless, many children accept
      fantastical beings as real based on misleading testimony. The present study
      probes factors associated with belief in a novel fantastical figure, the Candy
      Witch, that 3- to 7-year-olds heard about at school. Short-term belief was
      predicted by an interaction of age, existing beliefs in fantastical figures, and
      whether the child was 'visited' by the Candy Witch. Stability of belief was
      assessed over the course of 3 weeks and again 1-year later. First year results
      revealed three patterns of belief: stable belief, wavering belief and stable non
      belief. First year belief status was not related to age, but older children from
      the stable belief group were more likely than younger children to disbelieve 1
      year later. The discussion presents a new proposal for the trajectory from belief
      to disbelief and an updated perspective on the role of individual differences in
      belief.

PMID- 19994489
TI  - The development of a Peer Aggression Coping Self-Efficacy Scale for adolescents.
AB  - This study presents findings regarding the reliability and validity of a newly
      developed measure designed to assess children's self-efficacy for coping with
      peer aggression. The sample consisted of 2,161 participants (1,071 females and
      1,090 males, who ranged in age from 10 to 15 years; 63% White, 17% Middle
      Eastern, 10% Asian, and 10% from other ethnic groups). Exploratory and
      confirmatory factor analyses supported the four conceptualized coping self
      efficacy domains: self-efficacy for proactive behaviour, self-efficacy for
      avoiding aggressive behaviour, self-efficacy for avoiding self-blame, and self
      efficacy for victim-role disengagement. Internal consistencies for the coping
      domains were between .87 and .90. Validity was examined by correlations between
      the coping self-efficacy domains and psychological adjustment variables. Greater
      coping self-efficacy was associated with less social anxiety, cognitive
      depression, and externalizing symptoms. The Peer Aggression Coping Self-Efficacy
      Scale provides a useful measure for examining children's self-efficacy for using
      a range of strategies to deal with peer aggression.

PMID- 19994490
TI  - Does colour preference have a role in colour term acquisition?
AB  - A developmental association exists between colour preference and emerging colour
      term acquisition in young children. Colour preference might influence colour term
      acquisition by directing attention towards or away from a particular colour,
      making it more or less memorable. To investigate the role that colour preference
      may have in the acquisition of colour terms, experimental tasks of colour
      preference, discrimination, attention, memory, and new colour term learning, were
      given to three groups of participants (preschool children; primary school
      children; and adults). Each task utilized the same colour stimuli, which were
      four computer-simulated colours, matched perceptually to four different Munsell
      chips, drawn from the same colour category. Three colours varied systematically
      from an anchor colour (10PB 4/8) only in saturation (10PB 4/4), luminance (10PB
      6/8), or hue (5P 4/8). Results showed that within-category colour preferences
      emerged with age, and that when established within individuals, most preferred
      colours were named significantly more accurately than least preferred colours,
      although this association did not appear to be mediated directly by attention or
      memory. Rather, perceptual saliency was shown to have a mediating role, to some
      extent, in determining the relationship between colour preference and the
      cognitive processing of colour.

PMID- 19994491
TI  - Point/counterpoint. Only a single implanted marker is needed for tracking lung
      cancers for IGRT.

PMID- 19994493
TI  - Optimized image acquisition for breast tomosynthesis in projection and
      reconstruction space.
AB  - Breast tomosynthesis has been an exciting new development in the field of breast
      imaging. While the diagnostic improvement via tomosynthesis is notable, the full
      potential of tomosynthesis has not yet been realized. This may be attributed to
      the dependency of the diagnostic quality of tomosynthesis on multiple variables,
      each of which needs to be optimized. Those include dose, number of angular
      projections, and the total angular span of those projections. In this study, the
      authors investigated the effects of these acquisition parameters on the overall
      diagnostic image quality of breast tomosynthesis in both the projection and
      reconstruction space. Five mastectomy specimens were imaged using a prototype
      tomosynthesis system. 25 angular projections of each specimen were acquired at
      6.2 times typical single-view clinical dose level. Images at lower dose levels
      were then simulated using a noise modification routine. Each projection image was
      supplemented with 84 simulated 3 mm 3D lesions embedded at the center of 84
      nonoverlapping ROIs. The projection images were then reconstructed using a
      filtered backprojection algorithm at different combinations of acquisition
      parameters to investigate which of the many possible combinations maximizes the
      performance. Performance was evaluated in terms of a Laguerre-Gauss channelized
      Hotelling observer model-based measure of lesion detectability. The analysis was
      also performed without reconstruction by combining the model results from
      projection images using Bayesian decision fusion algorithm. The effect of
      acquisition parameters on projection images and reconstructed slices were then
      compared to derive an optimization rule for tomosynthesis. The results indicated
      that projection images yield comparable but higher performance than reconstructed
      images. Both modes, however, offered similar trends: Performance improved with an
      increase in the total acquisition dose level and the angular span. Using a
      constant dose level and angular span, the performance rolled off beyond a certain
      number of projections, indicating that simply increasing the number of
      projections in tomosynthesis may not necessarily improve its performance. The
      best performance for both projection images and tomosynthesis slices was obtained
      for 15-17 projections spanning an angular are of approximately 45 degrees--the
      maximum tested in our study, and for an acquisition dose equal to single-view
      mammography. The optimization framework developed in this framework is applicable
      to other reconstruction techniques and other multiprojection systems.

PMID- 19994492
TI  - Accuracy of real time noninvasive temperature measurements using magnetic
      resonance thermal imaging in patients treated for high grade extremity soft
      tissue sarcomas.
AB  - PURPOSE: To establish accuracy of real time noninvasive temperature measurements
      using magnetic resonance thermal imaging in patients treated for high grade
      extremity soft tissue sarcomas. METHODS: Protocol patients with advanced
      extremity sarcomas were treated with external beam radiation therapy and
      hyperthermia. Invasive temperature measures were compared to noninvasive magnetic
      resonance thermal imaging (MRTI) at 1.5 T performed during hyperthermia.
      Volumetric temperature rise images were obtained using the proton resonance
      frequency shift (PRFS) technique during heating in a 140 MHz miniannular phased
      array applicator. MRTI temperature changes were compared to invasive measurements
      of temperature with a multisensor fiber optic probe inside a #15 g catheter in
      the tumor. Since the PRFS technique is sensitive to drifts in the primary imaging
      magnetic field, temperature change distributions were corrected automatically
      during treatment using temperature-stable reference materials to characterize
      field changes in 3D. The authors analyzed MRT images and compared, in evaluable
      treatments, MR-derived temperatures to invasive temperatures measured in
      extremity sarcomas. Small regions of interest (ROIs) were specified near each
      invasive sensor identified on MR images. Temperature changes in the interstitial
      sensors were compared to the corresponding ROI PRFS-based temperature changes
      over the entire treatment and over the steady-state period. Nonevaluable
      treatments (motion/imaging artifacts, noncorrectable drifts) were not included in
      the analysis. RESULTS: The mean difference between MRTI and interstitial probe
      measurements was 0.91 degrees C for the entire heating time and 0.85 degrees C
      for the time at steady state. These values were obtained from both tumor and
      normal tissue ROIs. When the analysis is done on just the tumor ROIs, the mean
      difference for the whole power on time was 0.74 degrees C and during the period
      of steady state was 0.62 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that for evaluable
      treatments, excellent correlation (deltaT < 1 degrees C) of MRTI-ROI and invasive
      measurements can be achieved, but that motion and other artifacts are still
      serious challenges that must be overcome in future work.

PMID- 19994495
TI  - Accelerating Monte Carlo simulations of photon transport in a voxelized geometry
      using a massively parallel graphics processing unit.
AB  - PURPOSE: It is a known fact that Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport
      are computationally intensive and may require long computing times. The authors
      introduce a new paradigm for the acceleration of Monte Carlo simulations: The use
      of a graphics processing unit (GPU) as the main computing device instead of a
      central processing unit (CPU). METHODS: A GPU-based Monte Carlo code that
      simulates photon transport in a voxelized geometry with the accurate physics
      models from PENELOPE has been developed using the CUDATM programming model
      (NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA). RESULTS: An outline of the new code and a
      sample x-ray imaging simulation with an anthropomorphic phantom are presented. A
      remarkable 27-fold speed up factor was obtained using a GPU compared to a single
      core CPU. CONCLUSIONS: The reported results show that GPUs are currently a good
      alternative to CPUs for the simulation of radiation transport. Since the
      performance of GPUs is currently increasing at a faster pace than that of CPUs,
      the advantages of GPU-based software are likely to be more pronounced in the
      future.

PMID- 19994494
TI  - A high spatial resolution in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
      technique for the human breast at 3 T.
AB  - PURPOSE: The technical challenges that have prevented routine proton magnetic
      resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) examinations of the breast include
      insufficient spatial resolution, increased difficulties in shimming compared to
      the brain, and strong lipid contamination at short echo time (TE) at 1.5 T. The
      authors investigated the feasibility of high spatial resolution 1H MRSI of human
      breast cancer in a clinical setting at 3 T. METHODS: Ten patient studies (eight
      cancers and two benign lesions) were performed in a 3 T whole-body clinical
      imager using a pulse sequence consisting of optional outer volume presaturation,
      optional CHESS pulse for lipid suppression, CHESS pulse for water suppression,
      and standard 2D/3D PRESS pulse sequence with an elliptical weighted k-space
      sampling scheme. RESULTS: All ten studies were technically successful. The
      spectral quality was acceptable for all cases even the one with a 65 Hz width of
      water peak at half height. Choline (Cho) signals were clearly visible in
      malignant lesion areas, while there was no detectable Cho in normal appearing
      breast or in benign lesions. It was also observed that the distribution of Cho
      signal can be nonuniform across MRI demonstrated lesions. CONCLUSIONS: To the
      author's knowledge, this is the first 2D/3D MRSI study of human breast cancer
      with short TE (less than 135 ms) at 3 T and the highest spatial resolution (up to
      0.25 cm3) to date. In conclusion, the authors have presented a robust technique
      for high spatial resolution in vivo 1H MRSI of human breast cancer that uses the
      combined advantages of high field, short TE, multivoxel, and high spatial
      resolution itself to overcome the major technical challenges and illustrated its
      potential for routine clinical examination as well as advantages over single
      voxel techniques in studying metabolite heterogeneity.

PMID- 19994496
TI  - The effect of angular and longitudinal tube current modulations on the estimation
      of organ and effective doses in x-ray computed tomography.
AB  - PURPOSE: Tube current modulation (TCM) is one of the recent developments in
      multislice CT that has proven to reduce the patient radiation dose without
      affecting the image quality. Presently established methods and published
      coefficients for estimating organ doses from the dose measured free in air on the
      axis of rotation or in the CT dose index (CTDI) dosimetry phantoms do not take
      into account this relatively new development in CT scanner design and technology.
      Based on these organ dose coefficients effective dose estimates can be made. The
      estimates are not strictly valid for CT scanning protocols utilizing TCM. In this
      study, the authors investigated the need to take TCM into account when estimating
      organ and effective dose values. METHODS: A whole-body adult anthropomorphic
      phantom (Alderson Rando) was scanned with a multislice CT scanner (Somatom
      Definition, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) utilizing TCM (CareDose4D). Tube voltage
      was 120 kV, beam collimation 19.2 mm, and pitch 1. A voxelized patient model was
      used to define the tissues and organs in the phantom. Tube current values as a
      function of tube angle were obtained from the raw data for each individual tube
      rotation of the scan. These values were used together with the Monte Carlo
      dosimetry tool IMPACTMC (VAMP GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) to calculate organ dose
      values both with and without account of TCM. Angular and longitudinal modulations
      were investigated separately. Finally, corresponding effective dose conversion
      coefficients were determined for both cases according to the updated 2007
      recommendations of the ICRP. RESULTS: TCM amplitude was greatest in the shoulder
      and pelvic regions. Consequently, dose distributions and organ dose values for
      particular cross sections changed considerably when taking angular modulation
      into account. The effective dose conversion coefficients were up to 11% lower for
      a single rotation in the shoulder region and 17% lower in the pelvis when taking
      angular TCM into account. In the head, neck, thorax, and upper abdominal regions,
      conversion coefficients changed similarly by only 5% or less. Conversion
      coefficients for estimating effective doses for scans of complete regions, e.g.,
      chest or abdomen, were approximately 8% lower when taking angular and
      longitudinal TCMs into account. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that for
      accurate organ and effective dose estimates in individual cross sections in the
      shoulder or pelvic regions, the angular tube current modulation should be taken
      into account. In general, using the average of the modulated tube current causes
      an overestimation of the effective dose.

PMID- 19994497
TI  - Discrete beta dose kernel matrices for nuclides applied in targeted radionuclide
      therapy (TRT) calculated with MCNP5.
AB  - PURPOSE: Radiopharmaceuticals administered in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT)
      rely to a great extent not only on beta-emitting nuclides but also on emitters of
      monoenergetic electrons. Recent advances like combined PET/CT devices, the
      consequential coregistration of both data, the concept of using beta couples for
      diagnosis and therapy, respectively, as well as the development of voxel models
      offer a great potential for developing TRT dose calculation systems similar to
      those available for external beam treatment planning. The deterministic
      algorithms in question for this task are based on the convolution of three
      dimensional matrices, one representing the activity distribution and the other
      the dose point kernel. This study aims to report on three-dimensional kernel
      matrices for various nuclides used in TRT. METHODS: The Monte Carlo code MCNP5
      was used to calculate discrete dose kernels of beta particles including the
      contributions from their respective secondary radiation in soft tissue for the
      following nuclides: 32P, 33P, 67Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 103Rh9m), 131I, 177Lu, 186Re, and
      188Re. For each nuclide a kernel cube of 10 x 10 x 10 mm3 was calculated, the
      dimensions of a voxel being 1 mm3. Additional kernels with voxel sizes of 3 x 3 x
      3 mm3 were simulated. RESULTS: Comparison with the S-value data regarding 32P,
      89Sr, 90Y, and 131I of the MIRD committee which were calculated with the EGS4
      code showed a very good agreement, the secondary particle transport of 90Y being
      the only exception. Documented analytical kernels on the other side show
      deviations very close and very far to the source. CONCLUSIONS: The good
      accordance with the only discrete dose kernels published up to date justifies the
      method chosen. Together with the additional six nuclides, this report provides a
      considerable database for three-dimensional kernel matrices with regard to beta
      radionuclides applied in TRT. In contrast to analytical dose point kernels, the
      discrete kernels elude the problem of overestimation near the source and take
      energy depositions into account, which occur beyond the range of the continuous
      slowing-down approximation (csda range). Recalculation of the 1 x 1 x 1 mm3
      kernels to other dose kernels with varying voxel dimensions, cubic or noncubic,
      is shown to be easily manageable and thereby provides a resolution-independent
      system of dose calculation.

PMID- 19994498
TI  - X-ray energy optimization in minibeam radiation therapy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to assess which energy in minibeam radiation
      therapy provides the best compromise between the deposited dose in the tumor and
      the sparing of the healthy tissues. METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations (PENELOPE
      2006) have been used as a method to calculate the ratio of the peak-to-valley
      doses (PVDR) in the healthy tissues and in the tumor for different beam energies.
      The maximization of the ratio of PVDR in the healthy tissues and in the tumor has
      been used as a criterion. RESULTS: The main result of this work is that, for the
      parameters being used in preclinical trials (minibeam sizes of 600 microm and
      1200 microm center-to-center separation), the optimum beam energy is 375 keV.
      CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion is that this is the energy of minibeams that should
      be used in the preclinical studies.

PMID- 19994499
TI  - Neurotransmission SPECT and MR registration combining mutual and gradient
      information.
AB  - PURPOSE: Image registration is important in functional image analysis. In
      neurotransmission single photon emission tomography (nSPECT), specific uptake
      sites can be accurately localized by superimposing the SPECT study onto a high
      resolution structural image such as a magnetic resonance (MR) of the subject.
      Mutual-information (MI)-based algorithms are usually employed for this purpose.
      Nevertheless, nSPECT/MR registration using MI is often limited by the low count
      rates present in nSPECT. Several works have proposed extensions of the MI
      measures to include gradient information (GI) from the images but their
      performance has not been evaluated in SPECT studies. METHODS: In this work, the
      accuracy of the MI including gradient information (MIG) was compared with the
      standard MI using data from healthy volunteers and data simulating a specific
      uptake reduction using three different radioligands: 123I-IBZM, 123I-ADAM, 123I
      R91150. RESULTS: The results showed that MIG-based registration yielded better
      accuracy than MI. The MIG-based similarity measures were less sensitive to sparse
      sampling and diminished computational time without a substantial decrease in
      registration accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of nSPECT/MR registration is
      improved when gradient information is included in the MI-based algorithm, which
      makes MIG-based registration potentially useful for clinical applications.

PMID- 19994500
TI  - Projection space denoising with bilateral filtering and CT noise modeling for
      dose reduction in CT.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate a novel locally adaptive projection space denoising
      algorithm for low-dose CT data. METHODS: The denoising algorithm is based on
      bilateral filtering, which smooths values using a weighted average in a local
      neighborhood, with weights determined according to both spatial proximity and
      intensity similarity between the center pixel and the neighboring pixels. This
      filtering is locally adaptive and can preserve important edge information in the
      sinogram, thus maintaining high spatial resolution. A CT noise model that takes
      into account the bowtie filter and patient-specific automatic exposure control
      effects is also incorporated into the denoising process. The authors evaluated
      the noise-resolution properties of bilateral filtering incorporating such a CT
      noise model in phantom studies and preliminary patient studies with contrast
      enhanced abdominal CT exams. RESULTS: On a thin wire phantom, the noise
      resolution properties were significantly improved with the denoising algorithm
      compared to commercial reconstruction kernels. The noise-resolution properties on
      low-dose (40 mA s) data after denoising approximated those of conventional
      reconstructions at twice the dose level. A separate contrast plate phantom showed
      improved depiction of low-contrast plates with the denoising algorithm over
      conventional reconstructions when noise levels were matched. Similar improvement
      in noise-resolution properties was found on CT colonography data and on five
      abdominal low-energy (80 kV) CT exams. In each abdominal case, a board-certified
      subspecialized radiologist rated the denoised 80 kV images markedly superior in
      image quality compared to the commercially available reconstructions, and
      denoising improved the image quality to the point where the 80 kV images alone
      were considered to be of diagnostic quality. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate
      that bilateral filtering incorporating a CT noise model can achieve a
      significantly better noise-resolution trade-off than a series of commercial
      reconstruction kernels. This improvement in noise-resolution properties can be
      used for improving image quality in CT and can be translated into substantial
      dose reduction.

PMID- 19994501
TI  - Enhanced imaging of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis through
      improved image-reconstruction algorithms.
AB  - PURPOSE: The authors develop a practical, iterative algorithm for image
      reconstruction in undersampled tomographic systems, such as digital breast
      tomosynthesis (DBT). METHODS: The algorithm controls image regularity by
      minimizing the image total p variation (TpV), a function that reduces to the
      total variation when p = 1.0 or the image roughness when p = 2.0. Constraints on
      the image, such as image positivity and estimated projection-data tolerance, are
      enforced by projection onto convex sets. The fact that the tomographic system is
      undersampled translates to the mathematical property that many widely varied
      resultant volumes may correspond to a given data tolerance. Thus the application
      of image regularity serves two purposes: (1) Reduction in the number of resultant
      volumes out of those allowed by fixing the data tolerance, finding the minimum
      image TpV for fixed data tolerance, and (2) traditional regularization,
      sacrificing data fidelity for higher image regularity. The present algorithm
      allows for this dual role of image regularity in undersampled tomography.
      RESULTS: The proposed image-reconstruction algorithm is applied to three clinical
      DBT data sets. The DBT cases include one with microcalcifications and two with
      masses. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that there may be a substantial advantage
      in using the present image-reconstruction algorithm for microcalcification
      imaging.

PMID- 19994502
TI  - Breast density analysis for whole breast ultrasound images.
AB  - Breast density has been established as an independent risk factor associated with
      the development of breast cancer. The terms mammographic density and breast
      density are often used interchangeably, since most breast density studies are
      performed with projection mammography. It is known that increase in mammographic
      density is associated with an increased cancer risk. A sensitive method that
      allows for the measurement of small changes in breast density may provide useful
      information for risk management. Despite the efforts to develop quantitative
      breast density measurements from projection mammograms, the measurements show
      large variability as a result of projection imaging, differing body position,
      differing levels of compression, and variation of the x-ray beam characteristics.
      This study used two separate computer-aided methods, threshold-based and
      proportion-based evaluations, to analyze breast density on whole breast
      ultrasound (US) imaging and to compare with the grading results of three
      radiologists using projection mammography. Thirty-two female subjects with 252
      images per case were included in this study. Whole breast US images were obtained
      from an Aloka SSD-5500 ultrasound machine with an ASU-1004 transducer (Aloka,
      Japan). Before analyzing breast density, an adaptive speckle reduction filter was
      used for removing speckle noise, and a robust thresholding algorithm was used to
      divide breast tissue into fatty or fibroglandular classifications. Then, the
      proposed approaches were applied for analysis. In the threshold-based method, a
      statistical model was employed to determine whether each pixel in the breast
      region belonged to fibroglandular or fatty tissue. The proportion-based method
      was based on three-dimensional information to calculate the volumetric proportion
      of fibroglandular tissue to the total breast tissue. The experimental cases were
      graded by the proposed analysis methods and compared with the ground standard
      density classification assigned by a majority voting of three experienced breast
      radiologists. For the threshold-based method, 28 of 32 US test cases and for the
      proportion-based density classifier, 27 of 32 US test cases were found to be in
      agreement with the radiologist "ground standard" mammographic interpretations,
      resulting in overall accuracies of 87.5% and 84.4%, respectively. Moreover, the
      concordance values of the proposed methods were between 0.0938 and 0.1563, which
      were less than the average interobserver concordance of 0.3958. The experiment
      result showed that the proposed methods could be a reference opinion and offer
      concordant and reliable quantification of breast density for the radiologist.

PMID- 19994503
TI  - Experimental validation of Monte Carlo (MANTIS) simulated x-ray response of
      columnar CsI scintillator screens.
AB  - PURPOSE: MANTIS is a Monte Carlo code developed for the detailed simulation of
      columnar CsI scintillator screens in x-ray imaging systems. Validation of this
      code is needed to provide a reliable and valuable tool for system optimization
      and accurate reconstructions for a variety of x-ray applications. Whereas
      previous validation efforts have focused on matching of summary statistics, in
      this work the authors examine the complete point response function (PRF) of the
      detector system in addition to relative light output values. METHODS: Relative
      light output values and high-resolution PRFs have been experimentally measured
      with a custom setup. A corresponding set of simulated light output values and
      PRFs have also been produced, where detailed knowledge of the experimental setup
      and CsI:Tl screen structures are accounted for in the simulations. Four different
      screens were investigated with different thicknesses, column tilt angles, and
      substrate types. A quantitative comparison between the experimental and simulated
      PRFs was performed for four different incidence angles (0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30
      degrees, and 45 degrees) and two different x-ray spectra (40 and 70 kVp). The
      figure of merit (FOM) used measures the normalized differences between the
      simulated and experimental data averaged over a region of interest. RESULTS:
      Experimental relative light output values ranged from 1.456 to 1.650 and were in
      approximate agreement for aluminum substrates, but poor agreement for graphite
      substrates. The FOMs for all screen types, incidence angles, and energies ranged
      from 0.1929 to 0.4775. To put these FOMs in context, the same FOM was computed
      for 2D symmetric Gaussians fit to the same experimental data. These FOMs ranged
      from 0.2068 to 0.8029. Our analysis demonstrates that MANTIS reproduces
      experimental PRFs with higher accuracy than a symmetric 2D Gaussian fit to the
      experimental data in the majority of cases. Examination of the spatial
      distribution of differences between the PRFs shows that the main reason for
      errors between MANTIS and the experimental data is that MANTIS-generated PRFs are
      sharper than the experimental PRFs. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental validation of
      MANTIS performed in this study demonstrates that MANTIS is able to reliably
      predict experimental PRFs, especially for thinner screens, and can reproduce the
      highly asymmetric shape seen in the experimental data. As a result, optimizations
      and reconstructions carried out using MANTIS should yield results indicative of
      actual detector performance. Better characterization of screen properties is
      necessary to reconcile the simulated light output values with experimental data.

PMID- 19994504
TI  - Localizing spherical fiducials in C-arm based cone-beam CT.
AB  - PURPOSE: C-arm based cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging enables the in situ acquisition
      of three dimensional images. In the context of image-guided interventions, this
      technology potentially reduces the complexity of a procedure's workflow. Instead
      of acquiring the preoperative volumetric images in a separate location and
      transferring the patient to the interventional suite, both imaging and
      intervention are carried out in the same location. A key component in image
      guided interventions is image to patient registration. The most common
      registration approach, in clinical use, is based on fiducial markers placed on
      the patient's skin which are then localized in the volumetric image and in the
      interventional environment. When using C-arm CBCT, this registration approach is
      challenging as in many cases the small size of the volumetric reconstruction
      cannot include both the skin fiducials and the organ of interest. METHODS: In
      this article the author shows that fiducial localization outside the
      reconstructed volume is possible if the projection images from which the
      reconstruction was obtained are available. By replacing direct fiducial
      localization in the volumetric images with localization in the projection images,
      the author obtains the fiducial coordinates in the volume's coordinate system
      even when the fiducials are outside the reconstructed region. RESULTS: The
      approach was evaluated using two types of spherical fiducials, clinically used 4
      mm diameter markers and a custom phantom embedded with 6 mm diameter markers that
      is part of a commercial navigation system. In all cases, the method localized all
      fiducials, including those that were outside the reconstructed volume. The
      method's mean (std) localization error as evaluated using fiducials that were
      directly localized in the CBCT reconstruction was 0.55 (0.22) mm for the 4 mm
      markers and 0.51(0.18) mm for the 6 mm markers. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the
      evaluations the author concludes that the proposed localization approach is
      sufficiently accurate to augment or replace direct volumetric fiducial
      localization for thoracic-abdominal interventions. This allows the physician to
      position fiducials in a more flexible manner, relaxing the requirement that both
      the organ of interest and skin surface be contained in the volumetric
      reconstruction.

PMID- 19994505
TI  - Impact of JPEG 2000 compression on lesion detection in MR imaging.
AB  - PURPOSE: Lossy compression algorithms enable the efficient transmission of large
      medical image datasets over bandwidth-limited digital networks or facilitate the
      long-term storage of the daily image production. Although JPEG 2000 has been
      adopted by DICOM as the standard for lossy-to-lossless compression, still a set
      of guidelines needs to be derived that allows for the usage of the lossy mode,
      potentially jeopardizing the accuracy of lesion detection and characterization,
      and so, of the resulting diagnosis task effectiveness in the medical diagnosis
      process. In this article the authors present and evaluate a generic methodology
      for the determination of the minimal bit rate that still ensures an accurate
      detection in magnetic resonance images of specific lesions. In this article, they
      demonstrate the methodology for two particular pathologies, i.e., multiple
      sclerosis and Virchow-Robin space enlargements. METHODS: Involving qualified
      personnel, the minimal bit rate is estimated from ROC experiments initially
      simulated through mathematical observers that are designed with several objective
      metrics. The mathematical observer models included three variants of the
      Hotelling observer plus the non-prewhitening matched filter with eye model, while
      the objective measures are based on distance, correlation, singular value
      decomposition, and structural similarity. RESULTS: The results indicate that the
      highest compression without seriously affecting the detection of the studied
      lesions is achieved at a bit rate of 0.125 bpp. At this value, the detection
      effectiveness exceeded 95% with less than 5% standard deviation, while only 4.4%
      of the outcomes were classified as false negatives by the experts and 11.6% as
      false positives. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal bit rate found assures that important
      information on the small investigated structures is still preserved for their
      accurate detection and their a posteriori characterization.

PMID- 19994506
TI  - Longitudinal study using a diode phantom for helical tomotherapy IMRT QA.
AB  - PURPOSE: The Caribbean Radiation Oncology Center acquired a DELTA4 diode phantom
      for helical tomotherapy IMRT QA and presents the results of their first 264
      clinical cases. METHODS: The validation consisted of several case studies
      comparing existing ionization chamber and Gafchromic film IMRT QA results to
      diode phantom results, along with a longitudinal study analyzing the IMRT QA
      results against other machine QA procedures for a complete sample of IMRT
      patients. RESULTS: The case studies resulted in a maximum observed difference of
      0.7% between the diode phantom and the ionization chamber measurements in low
      dose-gradient regions. Over the longitudinal study, every IMRT QA plan passed a
      gamma specification of a 3%/3 mm and 98% of the diodes yielded a value of less
      than 1. In addition, the mean 90% isodose absolute difference for all plans was
      0.05% with a (lsigma) standard deviation of 1.19%. CONCLUSIONS: The phantom
      measurements closely match the planned dose distributions in high and low dose
      gradient regions. In addition, a significant positive statistical correlation was
      determined between the IMRT QA, daily QA, and rotational variation output
      measurements. Together, these results signify high degree of accuracy of both the
      DELTA4 phantom as well as the TomoTherapy Hi-Art system.

PMID- 19994507
TI  - Liquid crystal display response time estimation for medical applications.
AB  - PURPOSE: Accurate characterization of diagnosis instruments is crucial in medical
      applications such as radiology and clinical neurosciences. While classical CRT
      medical displays have been replaced almost exclusively with liquid crystal
      devices (LCDs), the assessment of their temporal properties (response times) is
      still largely based on heuristic methods, which have not been evaluated
      thoroughly yet. The authors introduce a novel approach and show that it improves
      the accuracy and reliability compared to the common heuristic recommended by ISO
      9241-305 substantially for a wide range of settings. METHODS: The approach is
      based on disentangling the signal from the modulatory backlight through division
      (division approach). They evaluated this method in two different ways: First,
      they applied both methods to luminance transition measurements of different LCD
      monitors. Second, they simulated LCD luminance transitions by modeling the LCD
      optical responses according to a physical liquid crystal director orientation
      model. The simulated data were generated for four different response times, each
      with four different backlight modulation frequencies. Both the novel and the ISO
      convolution method were applied to the data. RESULTS: Application of the methods
      to the simulated data shows a bias of up to 46% for the ISO approach, while the
      novel division approach is biased at most 2%. In accordance with the simulations,
      estimates for real measurements show differences in the two approaches of more
      than 200% for some LCD panels. CONCLUSION: The division approach is robust
      against periodic backlight fluctuations and can reliably estimate even very short
      response times or small transitions. Unlike the established method, it meets the
      accuracy requirements of medical applications. In contrast, the popular
      convolution approach for estimating response times is prone to misestimations of
      time by several orders of magnitude and tend to further worsen as advances in LCD
      technology lead to shorter response times.

PMID- 19994508
TI  - Kilovoltage beam Monte Carlo dose calculations in submillimeter voxels for small
      animal radiotherapy.
AB  - PURPOSE: Small animal conformal radiotherapy (RT) is essential for preclinical
      cancer research studies and therefore various microRT systems have been recently
      designed. The aim of this paper is to efficiently calculate the dose delivered
      using our microRT system based on a microCT scanner with the Monte Carlo (MC)
      method and to compare the MC calculations to film measurements. METHODS: Doses
      from 2-30 mm diameter 120 kVp photon beams deposited in a solid water phantom
      with 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2 mm3 voxels are calculated using the latest versions of the
      EGSnrc codes BEAMNRC and DOSXYZNRC. Two dose calculation approaches are studied:
      a two-step approach using phase-space files and direct dose calculation with
      BEAMNRC simulation sources. Due to the small beam size and submillimeter voxel
      size resulting in long calculation times, variance reduction techniques are
      studied. The optimum bremsstrahlung splitting number (NBRSPL in BEAMNRC) and the
      optimum DOSXYZNRC photon splitting (Nsplit) number are examined for both
      calculation approaches and various beam sizes. The dose calculation efficiencies
      and the required number of histories to achieve 1% statistical uncertainty--with
      no particle recycling--are evaluated for 2-30 mm beams. As a final step, film
      dose measurements are compared to MC calculated dose distributions. RESULTS: The
      optimum NBRSPL is approximately 1 x 10(6) for both dose calculation approaches.
      For the dose calculations with phase-space files, Nsplit varies only slightly for
      2-30 mm beams and is established to be 300. Nsplit for the DOSXYZNRC calculation
      with the BEAMNRC source ranges from 300 for the 30 mm beam to 4000 for the 2 mm
      beam. The calculation time significantly increases for small beam sizes when the
      BEAMNRC simulation source is used compared to the simulations with phase-space
      files. For the 2 and 30 mm beams, the dose calculations with phase-space files
      are more efficient than the dose calculations with BEAMNRC sources by factors of
      54 and 1.6, respectively. The dose calculation efficiencies converge for beams
      with diameters larger than 30 mm. CONCLUSIONS: A very good agreement of MC
      calculated dose distributions to film measurements is found. The mean difference
      of percentage depth dose curves between calculated and measured data for 2, 5,
      10, and 20 mm beams is 1.8%.

PMID- 19994509
TI  - Comparing the accuracy of four-dimensional photon dose calculations with three
      dimensional calculations using moving and deforming phantoms.
AB  - PURPOSE: Four-dimensional (4D) dose calculation algorithms, which explicitly
      incorporate respiratory motion in the calculation of doses, have the potential to
      improve the accuracy of dose calculations in thoracic treatment planning;
      however, they generally require greater computing power and resources than
      currently used for three-dimensional (3D) dose calculations. The purpose of this
      work was to quantify the increase in accuracy of 4D dose calculations versus 3D
      dose calculations. METHODS: The accuracy of each dose calculation algorithm was
      assessed using measurements made with two phantoms. Specifically, the authors
      used a rigid moving anthropomorphic thoracic phantom and an anthropomorphic
      thoracic phantom with a deformable lung insert. To incorporate a clinically
      relevant range of scenarios, they programed the phantoms to move and deform with
      two motion patterns: A sinusoidal motion pattern and an irregular motion pattern
      that was extracted from an actual patient's breathing profile. For each
      combination of phantom and motion pattern, three plans were created: A single
      beam plan, a multiple-beam plan, and an intensity-modulated radiation therapy
      plan. Doses were calculated using 4D dose calculation methods as well as
      conventional 3D dose calculation methods. The rigid moving and deforming phantoms
      were irradiated according to the three treatment plans and doses were measured
      using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and radiochromic film. The accuracy of
      each dose calculation algorithm was assessed using measured-to-calculated TLD
      doses and a gamma analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed
      between the measured-to-calculated TLD ratios among 4D and 3D dose calculations.
      The gamma results revealed that 4D dose calculations had significantly greater
      percentage of pixels passing the 5%/3 mm criteria than 3D dose calculations.
      CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate no significant differences in the accuracy
      between the 4D and the 3D dose calculation methods inside the gross tumor volume.
      On the other hand, the film results demonstrated that the 4D dose calculations
      provided greater accuracy than 3D dose calculations in heterogeneous dose
      regions. The increase in accuracy of the 4D dose calculations was evident
      throughout the planning target volume.

PMID- 19994510
TI  - Skeletal dosimetry for external exposures to photons based on microCT images of
      spongiosa: consideration of voxel resolution, cluster size, and medullary bone
      surfaces.
AB  - Skeletal dosimetry based on microCT images of trabecular bone has recently been
      introduced to calculate the red bone marrow (RBM) and the bone surface cell (BSC)
      equivalent doses in human phantoms for external exposure to photons. In order to
      use the microCT images for skeletal dosimetry, spongiosa voxels in the skeletons
      were replaced at run time by so-called micromatrices, which have exactly the size
      of a spongiosa voxel and contain segmented trabecular bone and marrow micro
      voxels. A cluster (=parallelepiped) of 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 micromatrices was used
      systematically and periodically throughout the spongiosa volume during the
      radiation transport calculation. Systematic means that when a particle leaves a
      spongiosa voxel to enter into a neighboring spongiosa voxel, then the next
      micromatrix in the cluster will be used. Periodical means that if the particle
      travels through more than two spongiosa voxels in a row, then the cluster will be
      repeated. Based on the bone samples available at the time, clusters of up to 3 x
      3 x 3 = 27 micromatrices were studied. While for a given trabecular bone volume
      fraction the whole-body RBM equivalent dose showed converging results for cluster
      sizes between 8 and 27 micromatrices, this was not the case for the BSC
      equivalent dose. The BSC equivalent dose seemed to be very sensitive to the
      number, form, and thickness of the trabeculae. In addition, the cluster size
      and/or the microvoxel resolution were considered to be possible causes for the
      differences observed. In order to resolve this problem, this study used a bone
      sample large enough to extract clusters containing up to 8 x 8 x 8 = 512 micro
      matrices and which was scanned with two different voxel resolutions. Taking into
      account a recent proposal, this investigation also calculated the BSC equivalent
      dose on medullary surfaces of cortical bone in the arm and leg bones. The results
      showed (1) that different voxel resolutions have no effect on the RBM equivalent
      dose but do influence the BSC equivalent dose due to voxel effects by up to 5%
      for incident photon energies up to 200 keV, (2) that the whole-body BSC
      equivalent dose calculated with a cluster with 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 micromatrices is
      consistent with results received with clusters of up to 8 x 8 x 8 = 512
      micromatrices, and (3) that for external whole-body exposure the inclusion of the
      BSC on medullary surfaces of cortical bone has a negligible effect on the whole
      body BSC equivalent dose.

PMID- 19994511
TI  - A comparison of AAPM TG-108 PET/CT shielding recommendations to measurements in
      an oncology center.
AB  - PURPOSE: The AAPM Task Group Report 108 provides methods for calculating photon
      shielding for PET scanner suites. Calculated shielding requirements may be
      conservative in some areas when assuming a static point source and absence of
      scanner self-shielding. This study compares TG-108 shielding calculations to
      measured data from an oncology PET/CT scanner. METHODS: Optically stimulated
      luminescence dosimeters were place at eight positions at 1 m height on the walls
      surrounding a PET/CT scanner. Dosimeters were also placed at three positions in
      the ceiling along the axial length of the scanner. Each position contained three
      dosimeters covered with 0, 1.6, or 3.2 mm of lead to separate the x-ray and 511
      keV photon components. Dosimeters were switched out every month for a total
      collection period of 10 months. The dosimeter measurements were compared to TG
      108 estimates by dividing the measured dose by the TG-108 calculated dose.
      RESULTS: The PET gantry provided considerable shielding in the transaxial
      detector plane resulting in a low measured to calculated dose ratio of 0.26. The
      ratio increased to 0.48 at 45 degrees between the transaxial and axial planes
      then to 0.95 at the head of the scanner. Dose ratios at the foot of the scanner
      were near unity at the walls but as high as 2 in the ceiling. The high ceiling
      dose was attributed to unshielded radiation contributions from the dose handling
      area. CONCLUSIONS: TG-108 provides accurate dose estimates when there is no
      barrier between the patient and measurement location. Careful consideration of
      the shielding properties of the scanner can reduce the amount of shielding
      necessary to include in walls.

PMID- 19994512
TI  - Dosimetric comparison of 90Y, 32P, and 186Re radiocolloids in craniopharyngioma
      treatments.
AB  - PURPOSE: In the radionuclide treatment of some forms of brain tumors such as
      craniopharyngiomas, the selection of the appropriate radionuclide for therapy is
      a key element in treatment planning. The aim was to study the influence by
      considering the beta-emitter radionuclide dose rate in an intracranial cyst.
      METHODS: Dosimetry was performed using the MCNP4C radiation transport code.
      Analytical dosimetry was additionally performed using the Loevinger and the
      Berger formulas in the MATLAB software. Each result was compared under identical
      conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of using 90Y versus 32P and 186Re
      were investigated. RESULTS: The dose rate at the inner surface of the cyst wall
      was estimated to be 400 mGy/h for a 1 MBq/ml concentration of 90Y. Under
      identical conditions of treatment, the corresponding dose rates were 300 mGy/h
      for 32P and 160 mGy/h for 186Re. For a well-defined cyst radius and identical
      wall thickness, higher dose rates resulted for 90Y. CONCLUSIONS: To achieve the
      same radiological burden, the required amount of physical activity of injectable
      solution is lower for 32P. This is found to be a consequence of both the
      radionuclide physical half-life and the pattern of energy deposition from the
      emitted radiation. According to the half-life and dose-rate results, 90Y would be
      a good substitute for 32P.

PMID- 19994513
TI  - Dosimetric characterization of round HDR 192Ir accuboost applicators for breast
      brachytherapy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The AccuBoost brachytherapy system applies HDR 192Ir beams peripherally
      to the breast using collimating applicators. The purpose of this study was to
      benchmark Monte Carlo simulations of the HDR 192Ir source, to dosimetrically
      characterize the round applicators using established Monte Carlo simulation and
      radiation measurement techniques and to gather data for clinical use. METHODS:
      Dosimetric measurements were performed in a polystyrene phantom, while
      simulations estimated dose in air, liquid water, polystyrene and ICRU 44 breast
      tissue. Dose distribution characterization of the 4-8 cm diameter collimators was
      performed using radiochromic EBT film and air ionization chambers. RESULTS: The
      central axis dose falloff was steeper for the 4 cm diameter applicator in
      comparison to the 8 cm diameter applicator, with surface to 3 cm depth-dose
      ratios of 3.65 and 2.44, respectively. These ratios did not considerably change
      when varying the phantom composition from breast tissue to polystyrene, phantom
      thickness from 4 to 8 cm, or phantom radius from 8 to 15 cm. Dose distributions
      on the central axis were fitted to sixth-order polynomials for clinical use in a
      hand calculation spreadsheet (i.e., nomogram). Dose uniformity within the useful
      applicator apertures decreased as depth-dose increased. CONCLUSIONS: Monte Carlo
      benchmarking simulations of the HDR 192Ir source using the MCNP5 radiation
      transport code indicated agreement within 1% of the published results over the
      radial/angular region of interest. Changes in phantom size and radius did not
      cause noteworthy changes in the central axis depth-dose. Polynomial fit depth
      dose curves provide a simple and accurate basis for a nomogram.

PMID- 19994514
TI  - Time-resolved in vivo luminescence dosimetry for online error detection in pulsed
      dose-rate brachytherapy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present and evaluate a dose-verification
      protocol for pulsed dose-rate (PDR) brachytherapy based on in vivo time-resolved
      (1 s time resolution) fiber-coupled luminescence dosimetry. METHODS: Five cervix
      cancer patients undergoing PDR brachytherapy (Varian GammaMed Plus with 192Ir)
      were monitored. The treatments comprised from 10 to 50 pulses (1 pulse/h)
      delivered by intracavitary/interstitial applicators (tandem-ring systems and/or
      needles). For each patient, one or two dosimetry probes were placed directly in
      or close to the tumor region using stainless steel or titanium needles. Each
      dosimeter probe consisted of a small aluminum oxide crystal attached to an
      optical fiber cable (1 mm outer diameter) that could guide radioluminescence (RL)
      and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from the crystal to special readout
      instrumentation. Positioning uncertainty and hypothetical dose-delivery errors
      (interchanged guide tubes or applicator movements from +/-5 to +/-15 mm) were
      simulated in software in order to assess the ability of the system to detect
      errors. RESULTS: For three of the patients, the authors found no significant
      differences (P>0.01) for comparisons between in vivo measurements and calculated
      reference values at the level of dose per dwell position, dose per applicator, or
      total dose per pulse. The standard deviations of the dose per pulse were less
      than 3%, indicating a stable dose delivery and a highly stable geometry of
      applicators and dosimeter probes during the treatments. For the two other
      patients, the authors noted significant deviations for three individual pulses
      and for one dosimeter probe. These deviations could have been due to applicator
      movement during the treatment and one incorrectly positioned dosimeter probe,
      respectively. Computer simulations showed that the likelihood of detecting a pair
      of interchanged guide tubes increased by a factor of 10 or more for the
      considered patients when going from integrating to time-resolved dose
      verification. The likelihood of detecting a +/-15 mm displacement error increased
      by a factor of 1.5 or more. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo fiber-coupled RL/OSL dosimetry
      based on detectors placed in standard brachytherapy needles was demonstrated. The
      time-resolved dose-rate measurements were found to provide a good way to
      visualize the progression and stability of PDR brachytherapy dose delivery, and
      time-resolved dose-rate measurements provided an increased sensitivity for
      detection of dose-delivery errors compared with time-integrated dosimetry.

PMID- 19994515
TI  - GAFCHROMIC EBT photospectral dose response dependence on temperature and
      implications for flat bed scanning.
AB  - PURPOSE: Various forms of GAFCHROMIC film have been used for several years as
      radiographic media for measuring dose distributions. GAFCHROMIC EBT (GC-EBT) film
      is particularly useful for clinical dose ranges. This thin film dosimeter
      develops a blue color (lambdamax approximately 635 nm) when irradiated with
      ionizing radiation. METHODS: Temperature controlled photospectrometry was used to
      assess temperature related readout changes in GC-EBT type film dosimetry. For
      observing clinical impact of findings, multiple scan studies with rising flat bed
      scanner temperature were performed. RESULTS: The whole optical spectrum in the
      observed wavelength range of 450-700 nm shows a distinct spectrum shift linear
      with temperature toward lower wavelengths when readout temperature is increased.
      In addition, absorption decreases in maximum regions and increases in minimum
      regions of the absorbance spectrum. The most pronounced wavelength dependent
      readout differences occur in the slopes of the spectrum curves. Absorption
      readout differences of -1%/degree C for a 2.7 Gy irradiated film piece at a
      readout wavelength of approximately 650 nm can be found. The readout difference
      is strongly dependent on readout light spectral characteristic, irradiation dose,
      and temperature. Readout difference can be positive or negative. Characteristic
      temperature behavior patterns are present for each color channel of a flat bed
      scanner. All described effects are reversible within the measurement accuracy of
      this study. CONCLUSIONS: When using unsuitable readout light, careful control of
      the readout temperature is necessary in order to obtain consistent and accurate
      results. Adapted GC-EBT type film dosimetry guidelines are presented. Temperature
      dependent readout differences on a flat bed scanner can be avoided when using
      scanner bed temperature as a fixed dosimetry parameter.

PMID- 19994516
TI  - Treatment response assessment of breast masses on dynamic contrast-enhanced
      magnetic resonance scans using fuzzy c-means clustering and level set
      segmentation.
AB  - The goal of this study was to develop an automated method to segment breast
      masses on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) scans and to
      evaluate its potential for estimating tumor volume on pre- and postchemotherapy
      images and tumor change in response to treatment. A radiologist experienced in
      interpreting breast MR scans defined a cuboid volume of interest (VOI) enclosing
      the mass in the MR volume at one time point within the sequence of DCE-MR scans.
      The corresponding VOIs over the entire time sequence were then automatically
      extracted. A new 3D VOI representing the local pharmacokinetic activities in the
      VOI was generated from the 4D VOI sequence by summarizing the temporal intensity
      enhancement curve of each voxel with its standard deviation. The method then used
      the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm followed by morphological filtering
      for initial mass segmentation. The initial segmentation was refined by the 3D
      level set (LS) method. The velocity field of the LS method was formulated in
      terms of the mean curvature which guaranteed the smoothness of the surface, the
      Sobel edge information which attracted the zero LS to the desired mass margin,
      and the FCM membership function which improved segmentation accuracy. The method
      was evaluated on 50 DCE-MR scans of 25 patients who underwent neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy. Each patient had pre- and postchemotherapy DCE-MR scans on a 1.5 T
      magnet. The in-plane pixel size ranged from 0.546 to 0.703 mm and the slice
      thickness ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mm. The flip angle was 15 degrees, repetition
      time ranged from 5.98 to 6.7 ms, and echo time ranged from 1.2 to 1.3 ms.
      Computer segmentation was applied to the coronal T1-weighted images. For
      comparison, the same radiologist who marked the VOI also manually segmented the
      mass on each slice. The performance of the automated method was quantified using
      an overlap measure, defined as the ratio of the intersection of the computer and
      the manual segmentation volumes to the manual segmentation volume. Pre- and
      postchemotherapy masses had overlap measures of 0.81 +/- 0.13 (mean +/- s.d.) and
      0.71 +/- 0.22, respectively. The percentage volume reduction (PVR) estimated by
      computer and the radiologist were 55.5 +/- 43.0% (mean +/- s.d.) and 57.8 +/-
      51.3%, respectively. Paired Student's t test indicated that the difference
      between the mean PVRs estimated by computer and the radiologist did not reach
      statistical significance (p = 0.641). The automated mass segmentation method may
      have the potential to assist physicians in monitoring volume change in breast
      masses in response to treatment.

PMID- 19994518
TI  - A model for quantitative correction of coronary calcium scores on multidetector,
      dual source, and electron beam computed tomography for influences of linear
      motion, calcification density, and temporal resolution: a cardiac phantom study.
AB  - PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to quantify the influence of linear
      motion, calcification density, and temporal resolution on coronary calcium
      determination using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), dual source CT
      (DSCT), and electron beam tomography (EBT) and to find a quantitative method
      which corrects for the influences of these parameters using a linear moving
      cardiac phantom. METHODS: On a robotic arm with artificial arteries with four
      calcifications of increasing density, a linear movement was applied between 0 and
      120 mm/s (step of 10 mm/s). The phantom was scanned five times on 64-slice MDCT,
      DSCT, and EBT using a standard acquisition protocol. The average Agatston,
      volume, and mass scores were determined for each velocity, calcification, and
      scanner. Susceptibility to motion was quantified using a cardiac motion
      susceptibility (CMS) index. Resemblance to EBT and physical volume and mass was
      quantified using a Delta index. RESULTS: Increasing motion artifacts were
      observed at increasing velocities on all scanners, with increasing severity from
      EBT to DSCT to 64-slice MDCT. The calcium score showed a linear dependency on
      motion from which a correction factor could be derived. This correction factor
      showed a linear dependency on the mean calcification density with a good fit for
      all three scoring methods and all three scanners (0.73 < or = R2 < or = 0.95).
      The slope and offset of this correction factor showed a linear dependency on
      temporal resolution with a good fit for all three scoring methods and all three
      scanners (0.83 < or = R2 < or = 0.98). CMS was minimal for EBT and increasing
      values were observed for DSCT and highest values for 64-slice MDCT. CMS was
      minimal for mass score and increasing values were observed for volume score and
      highest values for Agatston score. For all densities and scoring methods DSCT
      showed on average the closest resemblance to EBT calcium scores. When using the
      correction factor, CMS index decreased on average by 15% and Delta index
      decreased by 35%. CONCLUSIONS: Calcium scores determined on DSCT and 64-slice
      MDCT are highly susceptible to motion as compared to EBT. The mass score is less
      susceptible to motion compared to volume and Agatston score. Calcium scores
      determined on DSCT bear a closer resemblance to EBT obtained calcium scores than
      64-slice MDCT. In addition, the calcium score is highly dependent on the average
      density of individual calcifications and the dependency of the calcium score on
      motion showed a linear behavior on calcification density. From these relations, a
      quantitative method could be derived which corrects the measured calcium score
      for the influence of linear motion, mean calcification density, and temporal
      resolution.

PMID- 19994517
TI  - The mixability of angiographic contrast with arterial blood.
AB  - PURPOSE: Angiographic contrast that is routinely injected into arteries is used
      not only to evaluate arterial geometry but also in many cases to assess
      perfusion. The authors conducted two experiments to examine the dispersion of
      angiographic contrast injected antegradely into an artery under conditions
      similar to those found in selective (carotid artery) or superselective (circle of
      Willis) angiography in order to determine the distance from the catheter tip at
      which the contrast can be considered fully mixed with the blood. A third
      experiment investigated whether the contrast once mixed with blood will separate
      from the mixture under the gravitational field due to a density mismatch.
      METHODS: Experiment I--Under high-speed angiographic acquisition, a bolus of
      contrast was injected through a catheter along the flow direction of a blood
      analog fluid flowing through a straight, long, cylindrical tube. The variation in
      grayscale intensity along the length of the tube was acquired and modeled as the
      step response to a second-order system. The distance from the catheter tip at
      which the contrast mixes with the working fluid, the mixing length, was
      determined as the length along the tube after which the step response settles to
      within 3% of the steady state value. Experiment II--A bolus of angiographic
      contrast was injected at rates varying from 0.1 to 1 cc/s through three different
      catheter sizes in the left common carotid artery of three rabbits. The average
      cross-sectional grayscale intensity over one cardiac cycle was calculated at four
      locations along the artery: Immediately distal to the catheter tip, at location
      of maximum grayscale intensity, and at 10 and 20 arterial diameters from the
      catheter tip. The status of mixing within 10 arterial diameters was assessed by
      differences between the grayscale value at this location and that at the maximum
      and 20 arterial diameter location. Experiment III--Angiographic contrast was
      premixed by agitation in three separate vials containing normal saline, canine
      blood, and glycerol/distilled-water mixture. The vials were then stationed
      vertically and angiographic images obtained every 5 min for 1 h. The average
      intensity of contrast along the vertical length of each vial was obtained for
      every time point to record any changes in the distribution of contrast over time.
      RESULTS: The first experiment shows that angiographic contrast completely mixes
      with steady flowing blood analog fluid within about eight tube diameters of the
      injection site. The second experiment shows that contrast completely mixes with
      blood within ten arterial diameters under appropriate injection parameters. The
      third experiment shows that angiographic contrast does not separate from, or
      settle out of, contrast-carrying fluid mixtures for a period of 1 h. CONCLUSIONS:
      The results demonstrate that under typical injection conditions in the clinical
      setting, contrast issuing from the catheter completely mixes with the blood
      within ten artery diameters downstream of the catheter tip. Once mixed, it does
      not separate from the blood due to gravity.

PMID- 19994519
TI  - Development and testing of texture discriminators for the analysis of trabecular
      bone in proximal femur radiographs.
AB  - PURPOSE: Texture analysis of femur radiographs may serve as a potential low cost
      technique to predict osteoporotic fracture risk and has received considerable
      attention in the past years. A further application of this technique may be the
      measurement of the quality of specific bone compartments to provide useful
      information for treatment of bone fractures. Two challenges of texture analysis
      are the selection of the best suitable texture measure and reproducible placement
      of regions of interest (ROIs). The goal of this in vitro study was to
      automatically place ROIs in radiographs of proximal femur specimens and to
      calculate correlations between various different texture analysis methods and the
      femurs' anchorage strength. METHODS: Radiographs were obtained from 14 femoral
      specimens and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the femoral neck.
      Biomechanical testing was performed to assess the anchorage strength in terms of
      failure load, breakaway torque, and number of cycles. Images were segmented using
      a framework that is based on the usage of level sets and statistical in-shape
      models. Five ROIs were automatically placed in the head, upper and lower neck,
      trochanteric, and shaft compartment in an atlas subject. All other subjects were
      registered rigidly, affinely, and nonlinearly, and the resulting transformation
      was used to map the five ROIs onto the individual femora. RESULTS: In each ROI,
      texture features were extracted using gray level co-occurence matrices (GLCM),
      third-order GLCM, morphological gradients (MGs), Minkowski dimensions (MDs),
      Minkowski functionals (MFs), Gaussian Markov random fields, and scaling index
      method (SIM). Coefficients of determination for each texture feature with
      parameters of anchorage strength were computed. In a stepwise multiregression
      analysis, the most predictive parameters were identified in different models.
      Texture features were highly correlated with anchorage strength estimated by the
      failure load of up to R2=0.61 (MF and MG features, p<0.01) and were partially
      independent of BMD. The correlations were dependent on the choice of the ROI and
      the texture measure. The best predictive multiregression model for failure load
      R2adj=0.86 (p<0.001) included a set of recently developed texture methods (MF and
      SIM) but excluded bone mineral density and commonly used texture measures.
      CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that texture information contained in trabecular
      bone structure visualized on radiographs may predict whether an implant anchorage
      can be used and may determine the local bone quality from preoperative
      radiographs.

PMID- 19994520
TI  - Three-dimensional ultrasound system for guided breast brachytherapy.
AB  - Breast-conserving surgery combined with subsequent radiation therapy is a
      standard procedure in breast cancer treatment. The disadvantage of whole-breast
      beam irradiation is that it requires 20-25 treatment days, which is inconvenient
      for patients with limited mobility or who reside far from the treatment center.
      However, interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is an irradiation method
      requiring only 5 treatment days and that delivers a lower radiation dose to the
      surrounding healthy tissue. It involves delivering radiation through 192Ir seeds
      placed inside the catheters, which are inserted into the breast. The catheters
      are attached to a HDR afterloader, which controls the seed placement within the
      catheters and irradiation times to deliver the proper radiation dose. One
      disadvantage of using HDR brachytherapy is that it requires performing at least
      one CT scan during treatment planning. The procedure at our institution involves
      the use of two CT scans. Performing CT scans requires moving the patient from the
      brachytherapy suite with catheters inserted in their breasts. One alternative is
      using three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) to image the patient. In this study,
      the authors developed a 3DUS translation scanning system for use in breast
      brachytherapy. The new system was validated using CT, the current clinical
      standard, to image catheters in a breast phantom. Once the CT and 3DUS images
      were registered, the catheter trajectories were then compared. The results showed
      that the average angular separation between catheter trajectories was 2.4
      degrees, the average maximum trajectory separation was 1.0 mm, and the average
      mean trajectory separation was found to be 0.7 mm. In this article, the authors
      present the 3DUS translation scanning system's capabilities as well as its
      potential to be used as the primary treatment planning imaging modality in breast
      brachytherapy.

PMID- 19994521
TI  - Photon counting multienergy x-ray imaging: effect of the characteristic x rays on
      detector performance.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of characteristic
      x rays on the performance of photon counting detectors for multienergy x-ray
      imaging. X-ray and CT systems with photon counting detectors have compelling
      advantages compared to energy integrating detectors, and cadmium zinc telluride
      (CZT) detector is the detector of choice. However, current CZT detectors exhibit
      several limitations that hamper their practical applications. These limitations
      include hole trapping, high leakage current, and charge sharing between detector
      pixels. Charge sharing occurs due to the diffusion of charge when it drifts
      toward the pixel electrodes. It also occurs due to nonlocal reabsorption of
      characteristic and scattered x rays created in the detector volume. Hole
      trapping, leakage current, and charge diffusion may potentially have technical
      solutions. Characteristic x-ray escape and scatter, however, are fundamental in
      nature and cannot be easily addressed. The x-ray scatter in the CZT material is
      small at photon energies used in x-ray imaging. Therefore, the remaining major
      factor is characteristic x ray. METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations were used for
      this study. An experimental photon counting multienergy x-ray imaging system was
      used to compare simulations to experimental results. An x-ray spectrum at 120 kVp
      tube voltage was used. The x-ray energy range was split into five subregions
      (energy bins) and Monte Carlo simulations were performed at average x-ray
      energies corresponding to these energy bins. The detector pixel size was changed
      within the 0.1-1 mm range, which covered all possible applications including
      radiography and CT imaging. The pixel shapes included square and strip pixels.
      For strip pixels, tilted angle irradiation of the CZT detector was also
      investigated. RESULTS: The characteristic x rays escaped the pixels in
      approximately 70% of all x-ray interactions for the smallest pixel size of 0.1
      mm. The escape fraction decreased to 20% for the largest pixel size of 1 mm. All
      escape fractions, for all pixel sizes, at five energies, for square and strip
      pixels, and at three tilt angles were calculated and presented in tables.
      Simulated and measured spectra at 120 kVp were compared. CONCLUSIONS:
      Characteristic x-ray escape deteriorates energy and spatial resolution,
      particularly for small pixel sizes. Correction methods should be developed based
      on the results of the simulations and experimental study.

PMID- 19994522
TI  - Implementation and characterization of a 320-slice volumetric CT scanner for
      simulation in radiation oncology.
AB  - PURPOSE: Effective target definition and broad employment of treatment response
      assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced CT in radiation oncology requires
      increased speed and coverage for use within a single bolus injection. To this
      end, a novel volumetric CT scanner (Aquilion One, Toshiba, Tochigi Pref., Japan)
      has been installed at the Princess Margaret Hospital for implementation into
      routine CT simulation. This technology offers great advantages for anatomical and
      functional imaging in both scan speed and coverage. The aim of this work is to
      investigate the system's imaging performance and quality as well as CT
      quantification accuracy which is important for radiotherapy dose calculations.
      METHODS: The 320-slice CT scanner uses a 160 mm wide-area (2D) solid-state
      detector design which provides the possibility to acquire a volumetric axial
      length of 160 mm without moving the CT couch. This is referred to as "volume" and
      can be scanned with a rotation speed of 0.35-3 s. The scanner can also be used as
      a 64-slice CT scanner and perform conventional (axial) and helical acquisitions
      with collimation ranges of 1-32 and 16-32 mm, respectively. Commissioning was
      performed according to AAPM Reports TG 66 and 39 for both helical and volumetric
      imaging. Defrise and other cone-beam image analysis tests were performed.
      RESULTS: Overall, the imaging spatial resolution and geometric efficiency (GE)
      were found to be very good (>10 lp/mm, <1 mm spatial integrity and GE160 mm=85%)
      and within the AAPM guidelines as well as IEC recommendations. Although there is
      evidence of some cone-beam artifacts when scanning the Defrise phantom, image
      quality was found to be good and sufficient for treatment planning (soft tissue
      noise <10 HU). Measurements of CT number stability and contrast-to-noise values
      across the volume indicate clinically acceptable scan accuracy even at the field
      edge. CONCLUSIONS: Initial experience with this exciting new technology confirms
      its accuracy for routine CT simulation within radiation oncology and allows for
      future investigations into specialized dynamic volumetric imaging applications.

PMID- 19994523
TI  - Treatment planning for volumetric modulated arc therapy.
AB  - PURPOSE: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a specific type of intensity
      modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in which the gantry speed, multileaf
      collimator (MLC) leaf position, and dose rate vary continuously during delivery.
      A treatment planning system for VMAT is presented. METHODS: Arc control points
      are created uniformly throughout one or more arcs. An iterative least-squares
      algorithm is used to generate a fluence profile at every control point. The
      control points are then grouped and all of the control points in a given group
      are used to approximate the fluence profiles. A direct-aperture optimization is
      then used to improve the solution, taking into account the allowed range of leaf
      motion of the MLC. Dose is calculated using a fast convolution algorithm and the
      motion between control points is approximated by 100 interpolated dose
      calculation points. The method has been applied to five cases, consisting of
      lung, rectum, prostate and seminal vesicles, prostate and pelvic lymph nodes, and
      head and neck. The resulting plans have been compared with segmental (step-and
      shoot) IMRT and delivered and verified on an Elekta Synergy to ensure
      practicality. RESULTS: For the lung, prostate and seminal vesicles, and rectum
      cases, VMAT provides a plan of similar quality to segmental IMRT but with faster
      delivery by up to a factor of 4. For the prostate and pelvic nodes and head-and
      neck cases, the critical structure doses are reduced with VMAT, both of these
      cases having a longer delivery time than IMRT. The plans in general verify
      successfully, although the agreement between planned and measured doses is not
      very close for the more complex cases, particularly the head-and-neck case.
      CONCLUSIONS: Depending upon the emphasis in the treatment planning, VMAT provides
      treatment plans which are higher in quality and/or faster to deliver than IMRT.
      The scheme described has been successfully introduced into clinical use.

PMID- 19994524
TI  - Physical and psychophysical characterization of a novel clinical system for
      digital mammography.
AB  - PURPOSE: In recent years, many approaches have been investigated on the
      development of full-field digital mammography detectors and implemented in
      practical clinical systems. Some of the most promising techniques are based on
      flat panel detectors, which, depending on the mechanism involved in the x-ray
      detection, can be grouped into direct and indirect flat panels. Direct detectors
      display a better spatial resolution due to the direct conversion of x rays into
      electron-hole pairs, which do not need an intermediate production of visible
      light. In these detectors the readout is usually achieved through arrays of thin
      film transistors (TFTs). However, TFT readout tends to display noise
      characteristics worse than those from indirect detectors. To address this
      problem, a novel clinical system for digital mammography has been recently
      marketed based on direct-conversion detector and optical readout. This unit,
      named AMULET and manufactured by FUJIFILM, is based on a dual layer of amorphous
      selenium that acts both as a converter of x rays (first layer) and as an optical
      switch for the readout of signals (second layer) powered by a line light source.
      The optical readout is expected to improve the noise characteristics of the
      detector. The aim is to obtain images with high resolution and low noise, thanks
      to the combination of optical switching technology and direct conversion with
      amorphous selenium. In this article, the authors present a characterization of an
      AMULET system. METHODS: The characterization was achieved in terms of physical
      figures as modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectra (NPS),
      detective quantum efficiency (DQE), and contrast-detail analysis. The clinical
      unit was tested by exposing it to two different beams: 28 kV Mo/Mo (namely, RQA
      M2) and 28 kV W/Rh (namely, W/Rh). RESULTS: MTF values of the system are slightly
      worse than those recorded from other direct-conversion flat panels but still
      within the range of those from indirect flat panels: The MTF values of the AMULET
      system are about 45% and 15% at 5 and 8 lp/mm, respectively. On the other hand,
      however, AMULET NNPS results are consistently better than those from direct
      conversion flat panels (up to two to three times lower) and flat panels based on
      scintillation phosphors. DQE results lie around 70% when RQA-M2 beams are used
      and approaches 80% in the case of W/Rh beams. Contrast-detail analysis, when
      performed by human observers on the AMULET system, results in values better than
      those published for other full-field digital mammography systems. CONCLUSIONS:
      The novel clinical unit based on direct-conversion detector and optical reading
      presents great results in terms of both physical and psychophysical
      characterizations. The good spatial resolution, combined with excellent noise
      properties, allows the achievement of very good DQE, better than those published
      for clinical FFDM systems. The psychophysical analysis confirms the excellent
      behavior of the AMULET unit.

PMID- 19994525
TI  - Compact x-ray sources for mammographic applications: Monte Carlo simulations of
      image quality.
AB  - Thomson scattering x-ray sources can provide spectral distributions that are
      ideally suited for mammography with sufficient fluence rates. In this article,
      the authors investigate the effects of different spectral distributions on the
      image quality in simulated images of a breast mammographic phantom containing
      details of different compositions and thicknesses. They simulated monochromatic,
      quasimonochromatic, and polychromatic x-ray sources in order to define the energy
      for maximum figure of merit (signal-difference-to-noise ratio squared/mean
      glandular dose), the effect of an energy spread, and the effect of the presence
      of higher-order harmonics. The advantages of these sources with respect to
      conventional polychromatic sources as a function of phantom and detail thickness
      were also investigated. The results show that the energy for the figure of merit
      peak is between 16 and 27.4 keV, depending on the phantom thickness and detail
      composition and thickness. An energy spread of about 1 keV standard deviation,
      easily achievable with compact x-ray sources, does not appreciably affect the
      image quality.

PMID- 19994527
TI  - Time dependence of energy spectra of brachytherapy sources and its impact on the
      half and the tenth value layers.
AB  - PURPOSE: Several factors including radionuclide purity influence the photon
      energy spectra from sealed brachytherapy sources. The existence of impurities and
      trace elements in radioactive materials as well as the substrate and
      encapsulation may not only alter the spectrum at a given time but also cause
      change in the spectra as a function of time. The purpose of this study is to
      utilize a semiempirical formalism, which quantitatively incorporates this time
      dependence, to calculate and evaluate the shielding requirement impacts
      introduced by this time dependence for a 103Pd source. METHODS: The formalism was
      used to calculate the NthVL thicknesses in lead for a 103Pd model 200 seed. Prior
      to 2005, the 103Pd in this source was purified to a level better than 0.006% of
      the total 103Pd activity, the key trace impurity consisting of 65Zn. Because 65Zn
      emits higher energy photons and has a much longer half-life of 244 days compared
      to 103Pd, its presence in 103Pd seeds led to a time dependence of the photon
      spectrum and other related physical quantities. This study focuses on the time
      dependence of the NthVL and the analysis of the corresponding shielding
      requirements. RESULTS: The results indicate that the first HVL and the first TVL
      in lead steadily increased with time for about 200 days and then reached a
      plateau. The increases at plateau were more than 1000 times compared to the
      corresponding values on the zeroth day. The second and third TVLs in lead reached
      their plateaus in about 100 and 60 days, respectively, and the increases were
      about 19 and 2.33 times the corresponding values on the zeroth day, respectively.
      All the TVLs demonstrated a similar time dependence pattern, with substantial
      increases and eventual approach to a plateau. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude
      that the time dependence of the emitted photon spectra from brachytherapy sources
      can introduce substantial variations in the values of the NthVL with time if
      certain impurities are present. The contribution of 65Zn to the dose rate
      constant was less than 0.03% in the earlier 103Pd seeds, and because of the use
      of new processing technologies since 2005, this impurity has been essentially
      eliminated, as demonstrated in the measured spectra of current 103Pd model 200
      seeds. This study illustrates the importance of performing photon spectroscopy of
      the manufactured radioactive sources as a quality assurance test for an
      assessment over time of both the radiation protection and the dosimetric
      properties.

PMID- 19994526
TI  - Fast Monte Carlo simulation on a voxelized human phantom deformed to a patient.
AB  - PURPOSE: A method for performing fast simulations of absorbed dose using a
      patient's computerized tomography (CT) scan without explicitly relying on a
      calibration curve is presented. METHODS: The method is based on geometrical
      deformations performed on a standard voxelized human phantom. This involves
      spatially transforming the human phantom to align it with the patient CT image.
      Since the chemical composition and density of each voxel are given in the phantom
      data, a calibration curve is not used in the proposed method. For this study, the
      Monte Carlo (MC) code PENELOPE has been used as the simulation of reference. The
      results obtained with PENELOPE simulations are compared to those obtained with
      PENFAST and with the collapsed cone convolution algorithm implemented in a
      commercial treatment planning system. RESULTS: The comparisons of the absorbed
      doses calculated with the different algorithms on two patient CTs and the
      corresponding deformed phantoms show a maximum distance to agreement of 2 mm, and
      in general, the obtained absorbed dose distributions are compatible within the
      reached statistical uncertainty. The validity of the deformation method for a
      broad range of patients is shown using MC simulations in random density phantoms.
      A PENFAST simulation of a 6 MV photon beam impinging on a patient CT reaches 2%
      statistical uncertainty in the absorbed dose, in a 0.1 cm3 voxel along the
      central axis, in 10 min running on a single core of a 2.8 GHz CPU. CONCLUSIONS:
      The proposed method of the absorbed dose calculation in a deformed voxelized
      phantom allows for dosimetric studies in the geometry of a patient CT scan. This
      is due to the fact that the chemical composition and material density of the
      phantom are known. Furthermore, simulation using the phantom geometry can provide
      dosimetric information for each organ. The method can be used for quality
      assurance procedures. In relation to PENFAST, it is shown that a purely condensed
      history algorithm (class I) can be used for absorbed dose estimation in patient
      CTs.

PMID- 19994528
TI  - Characterization of free breathing patterns with 5D lung motion model.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the quiet respiration breathing motion model parameters for
      lung cancer and nonlung cancer patients. METHODS: 49 free breathing patient 4DCT
      image datasets (25 scans, cine mode) were collected with simultaneous
      quantitative spirometry. A cross-correlation registration technique was employed
      to track the lung tissue motion between scans. The registration results were
      applied to a lung motion model: X(-->) = X(-->)0 + alpha(-->)v + beta(-->)f,
      where X(-->) is the position of a piece of tissue located at reference position
      X(-->)0 during a reference breathing phase (zero tidal volume v, zero airflow f).
      alpha(-->) is a parameter that characterizes the motion due to air filling
      (motion as a function of tidal volume v) and beta(-->) is the parameter that
      accounts for the motion due to the imbalance of dynamical stress distributions
      during inspiration and exhalation that causes lung motion hysteresis (motion as a
      function of airflow f). The parameters alpha(-->) and beta(-->) together provide
      a quantitative characterization of breathing motion that inherently includes the
      complex hysteresis interplay. The alpha(-->) and beta(-->) distributions were
      examined for each patient to determine overall general patterns and interpatient
      pattern variations. RESULTS: For 44 patients, the greatest values of /alpha(-->)/
      were observed in the inferior and posterior lungs. For the rest of the patients,
      /alpha(-->)/ reached its maximum in the anterior lung in three patients and the
      lateral lung in two patients. The hysteresis motion beta(-->) had greater
      variability, but for the majority of patients, /beta(-->)/ was largest in the
      lateral lungs. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the three-dimensional
      breathing motion model parameters for a large cohort of patients. The model has
      the potential for noninvasively predicting lung motion. The majority of patients
      exhibited similar /alpha(-->)/ maps and the /beta(-->)/ maps showed greater
      interpatient variability. The motion parameter interpatient variability will
      inform our need for custom radiation therapy motion models. The utility of this
      model depends on the parameter stability over time, which is still under
      investigation.

PMID- 19994529
TI  - Magnetic resonance microwave absorption imaging: feasibility of signal detection.
AB  - PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance (MR) technique was used to detect small displacements
      induced by localized absorption of pulsed 434 MHz microwave power as a potential
      method for tumor detection. METHODS: Phase contrast subtraction was used to
      separate the phase change due to motion from thermoelastic expansion from other
      contributions to phase variation such as the bulk temperature rise of the medium
      and phase offsets from the MR scanner itself. A simple set of experiments was
      performed where the motion was constrained to be one dimensional which provided
      controls on the data acquisition and motion extraction procedures. Specifically,
      the MR-detected motion signal was isolated by altering the direction of the
      microwave-induced motion and sampling the response with motion encoding gradients
      in all three directions when the microwave power was turned on and turned off.
      RESULTS: Successful signal detection, as evidenced by the recording of a
      systematic alternating (zigzag) phase pattern, occurred only when the motion
      encoding was in parallel with either the vertical or horizontal direction of the
      microwave-induced motion on both 10 and 4 mm spatial scales. CONCLUSIONS: These
      results demonstrate, for the first time, that motion associated with
      thermoelastic expansion from the absorption of pulsed microwave power can be
      detected with MR.

PMID- 19994530
TI  - Physical models, cross sections, and numerical approximations used in MCNP and
      GEANT4 Monte Carlo codes for photon and electron absorbed fraction calculation.
AB  - PURPOSE: Radiopharmaceutical applications in nuclear medicine require a detailed
      dosimetry estimate of the radiation energy delivered to the human tissues. Over
      the past years, several publications addressed the problem of internal dose
      estimate in volumes of several sizes considering photon and electron sources.
      Most of them used Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. Despite the widespread
      use of these codes due to the variety of resources and potentials they offered to
      carry out dose calculations, several aspects like physical models, cross
      sections, and numerical approximations used in the simulations still remain an
      object of study. Accurate dose estimate depends on the correct selection of a set
      of simulation options that should be carefully chosen. This article presents an
      analysis of several simulation options provided by two of the most used codes
      worldwide: MCNP and GEANT4. METHODS: For this purpose, comparisons of absorbed
      fraction estimates obtained with different physical models, cross sections, and
      numerical approximations are presented for spheres of several sizes and composed
      as five different biological tissues. RESULTS: Considerable discrepancies have
      been found in some cases not only between the different codes but also between
      different cross sections and algorithms in the same code. Maximum differences
      found between the two codes are 5.0% and 10%, respectively, for photons and
      electrons. CONCLUSION: Even for simple problems as spheres and uniform radiation
      sources, the set of parameters chosen by any Monte Carlo code significantly
      affects the final results of a simulation, demonstrating the importance of the
      correct choice of parameters in the simulation.

PMID- 19994532
TI  - Investigation of the dosimetric accuracy of the isocenter shifting method in
      prostate cancer patients with and without hip prostheses.
AB  - PURPOSE: The use of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) enables compensation
      for prostate movement by shifting the treatment isocenter to track the prostate
      on a daily basis. Although shifting the isocenter can alter the source to skin
      distances (SSDs) and the effective depth of the target volume, it is commonly
      assumed that these changes have a negligible dosimetric effect, and therefore,
      the number of monitor units delivered is usually not adjusted. However, it is
      unknown whether or not this assumption is valid for patient with hip prostheses,
      which frequently contain high density materials. METHODS: The authors conducted a
      retrospective study to investigate dosimetric effect of the isocenter shifting
      method for prostate patients with and without hip prostheses. For each patient,
      copies of the prostate volume were shifted by up to 1.5 cm from the original
      position to simulate prostate movement in 0.5 cm increments. Subsequently, 12
      plans were created for each patient by creating a copy of the original plan for
      each prostate position with the isocenter shifted to track the position of the
      shifted prostate. The dose to the prostate was then recalculated for each plan.
      For patients with hip prostheses, plans were created both with and without
      lateral beam angles entering through the prostheses. RESULTS: Without isocenter
      shifting to compensate for prostate motion of 1.5 cm, the dose to the 95% of the
      prostate (D-95%) changed by an average of 30% and by up to 64%. This was reduced
      to less than 3% with the isocenter shifting method. It was found that for
      patients with hip prostheses, this technique worked best for treatment plans that
      avoided beam angles passing through the prostheses. CONCLUSIONS: The results
      demonstrated that the isocenter shifting method can accurately deliver dose to
      the prostate even in patients with hip prostheses.

PMID- 19994531
TI  - A design methodology using signal-to-noise ratio for plastic scintillation
      detectors design and performance optimization.
AB  - PURPOSE: The design of novel plastic scintillation detectors (PSDs) is impeded by
      the lack of a suitable framework to simulate and predict their performance. The
      authors propose to use the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to model the performance
      of PSDs that use charge-coupled devices (CCDs) as photodetectors. METHODS: In
      PSDs using CCDs, the SNR is inversely related to the normalized standard
      deviation of the dose measurement. Thus, optimizing the SNR directly optimizes
      the system's precision. In this work, a model of SNR as a function of the system
      parameters is derived for optical fiber-based PSD systems. Furthermore, this
      proposed model is validated using experimental results. A formula for the
      efficiency of fiber coupling to CCDs is derived and used to simulate the
      performance of a PSD under varying magnifications. RESULTS: The proposed model is
      shown to simulate the experimental performance of an actual PSD to a suitable
      degree of accuracy under various conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The SNR constitutes a
      useful tool to simulate the dosimetric precision of PSDs. Using the SNR model,
      recommendations for the design and optimization of PSDs are provided. Using the
      same framework, recommendations for non-fiber-based PSDs are also provided.

PMID- 19994533
TI  - MRI of prostate brachytherapy seeds at high field: a study in phantom.
AB  - Postimplant evaluation of prostate brachytherapy using magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) at 1.5 T has met with some difficulties due to the uncertainty associated
      with seed localization despite the excellent anatomical delineation this imaging
      modality can achieve. Seeds in vascularized regions or outside the prostate,
      where signal heterogeneity or drop off can obscure their position, can be
      difficult to identify. The increase in SNR available at 3.0 T offers the
      potential to improve these issues with visualization. However, before moving
      directly to in vivo studies, it is important to investigate the effects of
      artifact size on the ability to localize multiple seeds in close proximity. These
      artifacts are of extra concern at higher field because of the increased induced
      field distortions surrounding the seeds. A single prostate brachytherapy seed
      (IMC6711, OncoSeed) and arrays of seed pairs were suspended in a porcine gel
      medium and imaged on 1.5 and 3 T MRI scanners for comparison. Two basic
      acquisition techniques utilized in a wide array of clinical sequences [spin-echo
      based and gradient-echo (GE) based] were investigated for the types of artifacts
      they produce, and their dependence on field. Analysis of the resulting voids was
      performed to determine the relative size of seeds as seen on the images, as well
      as the ability to distinguish seeds at close proximity. The seed voids at 3 T
      were only slightly larger than those obtained at 1.5 T (0.5 mm longer and wider)
      when using a spin-echo type sequence. For this work, the authors used a proton
      density fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence. These results are promising for the use of
      3 T imaging for postimplant evaluation since the SNR will increase by roughly a
      factor of 2 with only a limited corresponding increase in artifact size. The
      minimum separation of the seeds to be completely distinguished using void
      analysis increased from between 1.5 and 3 mm to between 3 and 4.5 mm when going
      from 1.5 to 3 T FSE imaging. The minimum separation of the seeds for GE at the
      demonstration TE of 11 ms was found to be between 3 and 4.5 mm for 1.5 T and
      between 4.5 and 6 mm for 3 T. These GE artifact dimensions will scale down with
      TE and, as this happens, approach the dimensions of the FSE artifacts given
      above.

PMID- 19994534
TI  - Clinical implementation of a digital tomosynthesis-based seed reconstruction
      algorithm for intraoperative postimplant dose evaluation in low dose rate
      prostate brachytherapy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The low dose rate brachytherapy procedure would benefit from an
      intraoperative postimplant dosimetry verification technique to identify possible
      suboptimal dose coverage and suggest a potential reimplantation. The main
      objective of this project is to develop an efficient, operator-free,
      intraoperative seed detection technique using the imaging modalities available in
      a low dose rate brachytherapy treatment room. METHODS: This intraoperative
      detection allows a complete dosimetry calculation that can be performed right
      after an I-125 prostate seed implantation, while the patient is still under
      anesthesia. To accomplish this, a digital tomosynthesis-based algorithm was
      developed. This automatic filtered reconstruction of the 3D volume requires seven
      projections acquired over a total angle of 60 degrees with an isocentric imaging
      system. RESULTS: A phantom study was performed to validate the technique that was
      used in a retrospective clinical study involving 23 patients. In the patient
      study, the automatic tomosynthesis-based reconstruction yielded seed detection
      rates of 96.7% and 2.6% false positives. The seed localization error obtained
      with a phantom study is 0.4 +/- 0.4 mm. The average time needed for
      reconstruction is below 1 min. The reconstruction algorithm also provides the
      seed orientation with an uncertainty of 10 degrees +/- 8 degrees. The seed
      detection algorithm presented here is reliable and was efficiently used in the
      clinic. CONCLUSIONS: When combined with an appropriate coregistration technique
      to identify the organs in the seed coordinate system, this algorithm will offer
      new possibilities for a next generation of clinical brachytherapy systems.

PMID- 19994535
TI  - Uncluttered single-image visualization of the abdominal aortic vessel tree:
      method and evaluation.
AB  - PURPOSE: The authors develop a method to visualize the abdominal aorta and its
      branches, obtained by CT or MR angiography, in a single 2D stylistic image
      without overlap among branches. METHODS: The abdominal aortic vasculature is
      modeled as an articulated object whose underlying topology is a rooted tree. The
      inputs to the algorithm are the 3D centerlines of the abdominal aorta, its
      branches, and their associated diameter information. The visualization problem is
      formulated as an optimization problem that finds a spatial configuration of the
      bounding boxes of the centerlines most similar to the projection of the input
      into a given viewing direction (e.g., anteroposterior), while not introducing
      intersections among the boxes. The optimization algorithm minimizes a score
      function regarding the overlap of the bounding boxes and the deviation from the
      input. The output of the algorithm is used to produce a stylistic visualization,
      made of the 2D centerlines modulated by the associated diameter information, on a
      plane. The authors performed a preliminary evaluation by asking three
      radiologists to label 366 arterial branches from the 30 visualizations of five
      cases produced by the method. Each of the five patients was presented in six
      different variant images, selected from ten variants with the three lowest and
      three highest scores. For each label, they assigned confidence and distortion
      ratings (low/medium/high). They studied the association between the quantitative
      metrics measured from the visualization and the subjective ratings by the
      radiologists. RESULTS: All resulting visualizations were free from branch
      overlaps. Labeling accuracies of the three readers were 93.4%, 94.5%, and 95.4%,
      respectively. For the total of 1098 samples, the distortion ratings were low:
      77.39%, medium: 10.48%, and high: 12.12%. The confidence ratings were low: 5.56%,
      medium: 16.50%, and high: 77.94%. The association study shows that the proposed
      quantitative metrics can predict a reader's subjective ratings and suggests that
      the visualization with the lowest score should be selected for readers.
      CONCLUSIONS: The method for eliminating misleading false intersections in 2D
      projections of the abdominal aortic tree conserves the overall shape and does not
      diminish accurate identifiability of the branches.

PMID- 19994536
TI  - Report of AAPM Therapy Physics Committee Task Group 74: in-air output ratio, Sc,
      for megavoltage photon beams.
AB  - The concept of in-air output ratio (Sc) was introduced to characterize how the
      incident photon fluence per monitor unit (or unit time for a Co-60 unit) varies
      with collimator settings. However, there has been much confusion regarding the
      measurement technique to be used that has prevented the accurate and consistent
      determination of Sc. The main thrust of the report is to devise a theoretical and
      measurement formalism that ensures interinstitutional consistency of Sc. The in
      air output ratio, Sc, is defined as the ratio of primary collision water kerma in
      free-space, Kp, per monitor unit between an arbitrary collimator setting and the
      reference collimator setting at the same location. Miniphantoms with sufficient
      lateral and longitudinal thicknesses to eliminate electron contamination and
      maintain transient electron equilibrium are recommended for the measurement of
      Sc. The authors present a correction formalism to extrapolate the correct Sc from
      the measured values using high-Z miniphantom. Miniphantoms made of high-Z
      material are used to measure Sc for small fields (e.g., IMRT or stereotactic
      radiosurgery). This report presents a review of the components of Sc, including
      headscatter, source-obscuring, and monitor-backscattering effects. A review of
      calculation methods (Monte Carlo and empirical) used to calculate Sc for
      arbitrary shaped fields is presented. The authors discussed the use of Sc in
      photon dose calculation algorithms, in particular, monitor unit calculation.
      Finally, a summary of Sc data (from RPC and other institutions) is included for
      QA purposes.

PMID- 19994537
TI  - Determination of output factors for stereotactic radiosurgery beams.
AB  - Accurate dosimetry of the narrow beam tends to be difficult to perform due to the
      absence of lateral electronic equilibrium and the steep dose gradient, as well as
      the finite size of detectors. Thus, although the high dose rate 6 MV beam on the
      VARIAN Trilogy accelerator is increasingly utilized for stereotactic radiosurgery
      (SRS) treatment, there is no general agreement in the SRS beam output factor
      values among the Trilogy user community. Trilogy SRS beams are confined by cone
      collimators and the available collimator sizes range from 5 and 10 to 30 mm, in
      every 2 mm increment. A range of the relative output factors are in clinic use.
      This variation may impair observations of dose response and optimizations of the
      prescribed dose. It is necessary to investigate an accurate, easily performable,
      and detector independent method for the narrow beam output factor measurement. In
      this study, a scanning beam/scanning chamber method was proposed to overcome the
      limitation/difficulty of using a relatively large detector in narrow beam output
      factor measurement. Specifically, for the scanning beam method, multiple narrow
      beams are used for the dose measurement using a finite size chamber. These
      multiple scanning beams form an equivalent large uniform field which provides
      lateral electron equilibrium condition. After the measurement, the contributions
      from neighboring beams are deconvolved and the value is used for output factor
      determinations. For a Linac that cannot move a beam laterally, the scanning
      chamber method can be used to achieve the same result. The output factors
      determined in such a method were compared to chambers (a 0.015 cc PTW PinPoint
      ion chamber and a 0.125 cc PTW ion chamber) and film measurement, as well as with
      Monte Carlo simulation. Film and Monte Carlo results are found to be in excellent
      agreement with the measurement using the scan beam method. However, the VARIAN
      recommended output factors measured directly by Wellhofer CC01 chamber and
      Scanditronix photon field diode are consistently higher for all the cones.
      Especially for the 5 mm cone, the difference is more than 10%. Overall, the
      results suggested that the new method can help overcoming the detector volume
      averaging effect and the positioning uncertainties, which constitute the major
      challenge in small radiosurgical beam output factor measurement, and provide
      reliable output factors.

PMID- 19994538
TI  - A robotic system for 18F-FMISO PET-guided intratumoral pO2 measurements.
AB  - An image-guided robotic system was used to measure the oxygen tension (pO2) in
      rodent tumor xenografts using interstitial probes guided by tumor hypoxia PET
      images. Rats with approximately 1 cm diameter tumors were anesthetized and
      immobilized in a custom-fabricated whole-body mold. Imaging was performed using a
      dedicated small-animal PET scanner (R4 or Focus 120 microPET) approximately 2 h
      after the injection of the hypoxia tracer 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). The
      coordinate systems of the robot and PET were registered based on fiducial markers
      in the rodent bed visible on the PET images. Guided by the 3D microPET image set,
      measurements were performed at various locations in the tumor and compared to the
      corresponding 18F-FMISO image intensity at the respective measurement points.
      Experiments were performed on four tumor-bearing rats with 4 (86), 3 (80), 7
      (162), and 8 (235) measurement tracks (points) for each experiment. The 18F-FMISO
      image intensities were inversely correlated with the measured pO2, with a Pearson
      coefficient ranging from -0.14 to -0.97 for the 22 measurement tracks. The
      cumulative scatterplots of pO2 versus image intensity yielded a hyperbolic
      relationship, with correlation coefficients of 0.52, 0.48, 0.64, and 0.73,
      respectively, for the four tumors. In conclusion, PET image-guided pO2
      measurement is feasible with this robot system and, more generally, this system
      will permit point-by-point comparison of physiological probe measurements and
      image voxel values as a means of validating molecularly targeted radiotracers.
      Although the overall data fitting suggested that 18F-FMISO may be an effective
      hypoxia marker, the use of static 18F-FMISO PET postinjection scans to guide
      radiotherapy might be problematic due to the observed high variation in some
      individual data pairs from the fitted curve, indicating potential temporal
      fluctuation of oxygen tension in individual voxels or possible suboptimal imaging
      time postadministration of hypoxia-related trapping of 18F-FMISO.

PMID- 19994540
TI  - Image-based iterative compensation of motion artifacts in computed tomography.
AB  - PURPOSE: This article presents an iterative method for compensation of motion
      artifacts for slowly rotating computed tomography (CT) systems. Patient's motion
      introduces inconsistencies among projections and yields severe reconstruction
      artifacts for free-breathing acquisitions. Streaks and doubling of structures can
      appear and the resolution is limited by strong blurring. METHODS: The rationale
      of the proposed motion compensation method is to iteratively correct the
      reconstructed image by first decomposing the perceived motion in projection
      space, then reconstructing the motion artifacts in image space, and finally
      subtracting the artifacts from an initial image. The initial image is
      reconstructed from the acquired data and might contain motion blur artifacts but,
      nevertheless, is considered as a reference for estimating the reconstruction
      artifacts. RESULTS: Qualitative and quantitative figures are shown for
      experiments based on numerically simulated projections of a sequence of clinical
      images resulting from a respiratory-gated helical CT acquisition. The border of
      the diaphragm becomes progressively sharper and the contrast improves for small
      structures in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: The originality of the technique stems from
      the fact that the patient motion is not explicitly estimated but the motion
      artifacts are reconstructed in image space. This approach could provide sharp
      static anatomical images on interventional C-arm systems or on slowly rotating X
      ray equipments in radiotherapy.

PMID- 19994539
TI  - AAPM recommendations on dose prescription and reporting methods for permanent
      interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer: report of Task Group 137.
AB  - During the past decade, permanent radioactive source implantation of the prostate
      has become the standard of care for selected prostate cancer patients, and the
      techniques for implantation have evolved in many different forms. Although most
      implants use 125I or 103Pd sources, clinical use of 131Cs sources has also
      recently been introduced. These sources produce different dose distributions and
      irradiate the tumors at different dose rates. Ultrasound was used originally to
      guide the planning and implantation of sources in the tumor. More recently, CT
      and/or MR are used routinely in many clinics for dose evaluation and planning.
      Several investigators reported that the tumor volumes and target volumes
      delineated from ultrasound, CT, and MR can vary substantially because of the
      inherent differences in these imaging modalities. It has also been reported that
      these volumes depend critically on the time of imaging after the implant. Many
      clinics, in particular those using intraoperative implantation, perform imaging
      only on the day of the implant. Because the effects of edema caused by surgical
      trauma can vary from one patient to another and resolve at different rates, the
      timing of imaging for dosimetry evaluation can have a profound effect on the dose
      reported (to have been delivered), i.e., for the same implant (same dose
      delivered), CT at different timing can yield different doses reported. Also, many
      different loading patterns and margins around the tumor volumes have been used,
      and these may lead to variations in the dose delivered. In this report, the
      current literature on these issues is reviewed, and the impact of these issues on
      the radiobiological response is estimated. The radiobiological models for the
      biological equivalent dose (BED) are reviewed. Starting with the BED model for
      acute single doses, the models for fractionated doses, continuous low-dose-rate
      irradiation, and both homogeneous and inhomogeneous dose distributions, as well
      as tumor cure probability models, are reviewed. Based on these developments in
      literature, the AAPM recommends guidelines for dose prescription from a physics
      perspective for routine patient treatment, clinical trials, and for treatment
      planning software developers. The authors continue to follow the current
      recommendations on using D90 and V100 as the primary quantitles, with more
      specific guidelines on the use of the imaging modalities and the timing of the
      imaging. The AAPM recommends that the postimplant evaluation should be performed
      at the optimum time for specific radionuclides. In addition, they encourage the
      use of a radiobiological model with a specific set of parameters to facilitate
      relative comparisons of treatment plans reported by different institutions using
      different loading patterns or radionuclides.

PMID- 19994541
TI  - More than 10 years experience of beam monitoring with the Gantry 1 spot scanning
      proton therapy facility at PSI.
AB  - PURPOSE: The beam monitoring equipments developed for the first PSI spot scanning
      proton therapy facility, Gantry 1, have been successfully used for more than 10
      years. The purpose of this article is to summarize the author's experience in the
      beam monitoring technique for dynamic proton scanning. METHODS: The spot dose
      delivery and verification use two independent beam monitoring and computer
      systems. In this article, the detector construction, electronic system,
      dosimetry, and quality assurance results are described in detail. The beam flux
      monitor is calibrated with a Faraday cup. The beam position monitoring is
      realized by measuring the magnetic fields of deflection magnets with Hall probes
      before applying the spot and by checking the beam position and width with an
      ionization strip chamber after the spot delivery. RESULTS: The results of thimble
      ionization chamber dosimetry measurements are reproducible (with a mean deviation
      of less than 1% and a standard deviation of 1%). The resolution in the beam
      position measurement is of the order of a tenth of a millimeter. The tolerance of
      the beam position delivery and monitoring during scanning is less than 1.5 mm.
      CONCLUSIONS: The experiences gained with the successful operation of Gantry 1
      represent a unique and solid background for the development of a new system,
      Gantry 2, in order to perform new advanced scanning techniques.

PMID- 19994542
TI  - Initial investigation on the use of MR spectroscopy and micro-MRI of GAFCHROMIC
      EBT radiotherapy film.
AB  - PURPOSE: This article presents an initial investigation of the efficacy of using
      1H MRS and micro-MRI as analysis techniques for irradiated GAFCHROMIC EBT
      radiotherapy films. METHODS: GAFCHROMIC EBT radiotherapy film was irradiated with
      6 MV x rays to known doses ranging from 5 to 1000 cGy. 24 h following irradiation
      1H MRS measurements were performed to access the degree of post-irradiation
      polymer cross-linking. 2D 1H micro-MRI experiments were also performed for film
      irradiations of 0 and 300 cGy. RESULTS: Linear response of the 1H MRS linewidth
      to dose in the range from 0 to 400 cGy (R2 = 0.98) was observed. Such linearity
      is not seen when analyzed under conventional light analysis. The sensitivity of
      the film, as measured by the slope of the curve between 0 and 400 cGy, is 0.0042
      +/- 0.0003 kHz/cGy, demonstrating the sensitivity of the 1H MRS technique used to
      analyze the film. The film saturates at a dose of approximately 900 cGy.
      Broadline 1H MRS provides a quantitative measure of the degree of polymerization
      of the film. CONCLUSIONS: A quantitative measurement of the degree of
      polymerization of GAFCHROMIC EBT film has been presented using 1H MRS. The
      saturation of the film at approximately 900 cGy is corroborated by that observed
      with light analysis. Further MR spectroscopic experiments are needed to
      investigate the response of the film to dose, allowing for a better understanding
      of the relationship between polymer cross-linking in the active layer.

PMID- 19994543
TI  - Quantitative blood flow measurements in the small animal cardiopulmonary system
      using digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - PURPOSE: The use of preclinical rodent models of disease continues to grow
      because these models help elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and provide robust test
      beds for drug development. Among the major anatomic and physiologic indicators of
      disease progression and genetic or drug modification of responses are
      measurements of blood vessel caliber and flow. Moreover, cardiopulmonary blood
      flow is a critical indicator of gas exchange. Current methods of measuring
      cardiopulmonary blood flow suffer from some or all of the following limitations-
      they produce relative values, are limited to global measurements, do not provide
      vasculature visualization, are not able to measure acute changes, are invasive,
      or require euthanasia. METHODS: In this study, high-spatial and high-temporal
      resolution x-ray digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to obtain
      vasculature visualization, quantitative blood flow in absolute metrics (ml/min
      instead of arbitrary units or velocity), and relative blood volume dynamics from
      discrete regions of interest on a pixel-by-pixel basis (100 x 100 microm2).
      RESULTS: A series of calibrations linked the DSA flow measurements to standard
      physiological measurement using thermodilution and Fick's method for cardiac
      output (CO), which in eight anesthetized Fischer-344 rats was found to be 37.0 +/
      5.1 ml/min. Phantom experiments were conducted to calibrate the radiographic
      density to vessel thickness, allowing a link of DSA cardiac output measurements
      to cardiopulmonary blood flow measurements in discrete regions of interest. The
      scaling factor linking relative DSA cardiac output measurements to the Fick's
      absolute measurements was found to be 18.90 x CODSA = COFick. CONCLUSIONS: This
      calibrated DSA approach allows repeated simultaneous visualization of vasculature
      and measurement of blood flow dynamics on a regional level in the living rat.

PMID- 19994544
TI  - IMRT commissioning: multiple institution planning and dosimetry comparisons, a
      report from AAPM Task Group 119.
AB  - AAPM Task Group 119 has produced quantitative confidence limits as baseline
      expectation values for IMRT commissioning. A set of test cases was developed to
      assess the overall accuracy of planning and delivery of IMRT treatments. Each
      test uses contours of targets and avoidance structures drawn within rectangular
      phantoms. These tests were planned, delivered, measured, and analyzed by nine
      facilities using a variety of IMRT planning and delivery systems. Each facility
      had passed the Radiological Physics Center credentialing tests for IMRT. The
      agreement between the planned and measured doses was determined using ion chamber
      dosimetry in high and low dose regions, film dosimetry on coronal planes in the
      phantom with all fields delivered, and planar dosimetry for each field measured
      perpendicular to the central axis. The planar dose distributions were assessed
      using gamma criteria of 3%/3 mm. The mean values and standard deviations were
      used to develop confidence limits for the test results using the concept
      confidence limit = /mean/ + 1.96sigma. Other facilities can use the test protocol
      and results as a basis for comparison to this group. Locally derived confidence
      limits that substantially exceed these baseline values may indicate the need for
      improved IMRT commissioning.

PMID- 19994545
TI  - [Preprosthetic surgery of the edentulous maxilla: vestibular deepening with the
      aid of the CO2 laser].
AB  - Vestibular deepening for maxillary edentulous patients is mainly indicated once
      instability cannot be reached due to important bone resorption. Vestibular
      deepening with CO2 super-pulsed laser enhance, in a bloodless environment,
      sustentation as well retention of those full dentures in good operative
      conditions as compared with conventional techniques.

PMID- 19994546
TI  - [Use of laser Doppler flowmetry in dentistry].
AB  - An early determination of pulpal vitality is crucial with respect to a correct
      differential diagnosis of revascularisation or necrosis and its treatment. The
      use of sensibility tests (cold, heat, electrical pulp test) in combination with X
      ray are commonly promoted. However these tests are arbitrary, based on sensations
      and therefore not always reliable. In such situation the registration of 'real'
      pulpal blood flow and hence pulp vitality will be more than an added value. The
      most studied and well documented method is laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) as it is
      non invasive, direct and objective. In this article we describe blood flow, LDF
      and its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of this method and the
      newest developments regarding LDF. Despite a low implementation of LDF in
      Belgium, this technique proved to belong indisputable to the basic assets of a
      dental clinic. A number of cases are described to demonstrate the efficacy and
      added value of LDF in assessing tooth vitality.

PMID- 19994547
TI  - ["Power bleaching" with the KTP laser].
AB  - The most important constituent of the bleaching process is the hydrogen peroxyde.
      The bleaching effect is the result of a change in the chemical structure of
      organic molecules in the teeth. Different bleaching techniques are described on
      the basis of the concentration of the hydrogen peroxyde used and on the basis of
      the different methods of application. It has been demonstrated that a faster
      change in colour can be obtained when bleaching is performed in combination with
      a light source i.e. power bleaching aiming for a more in depth change of colour.
      Different investigations have demonstrated that negative effects associated with
      bleaching agents are seen earlier when light sources have been used as
      accelerators. So, light activation may not lead to 'heating of the pulp'.
      Different types of laser bleaching have been described, though, not all of them
      will lead to the desired result. There is only one exception at present and this
      is the KTP-laser bleaching with the Smart Bleach gel. The specific laser-tissue
      interaction is the result of different activation processes of the hydrogen
      peroxyde in the gel: as a result of the interaction with the laser a
      photocatalytic effect is induced (i.e. the activation of the gel by means of
      light--this is also referred to as a photochemical reaction), a limited
      photothermal effect (light absorption may result in a certain heating of the
      gel). The light activated gel also has an alkaline pH, which favours the
      ionisation of the hydrogen peroxyde into perhydroxyl ions (these are the most
      reactive free radicals). It is also possible to directly cut the tetracycline
      molecules (a good absorption of light by the tetracycline molecules at 532 nm).
      This will result in better decolouration of tetracycline stained teeth. This last
      process is described as direct photobleaching. It also needs to be emphasized
      that bleaching with a laser can only be performed by a dentist who has acquired a
      substantial knowledge on laser-tissue interaction and laser physics, and who
      follows accurately the requested bleaching procedure. Furthermore, whatever the
      opinion might be, tooth bleaching is a medical dental procedure on biologic
      tissues and hence this procedure can only by dentists.

PMID- 19994548
TI  - [Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity by means of the Nd:YAG laser. Preliminary
      clinical study].
AB  - The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficiency of the Nd:YAG laser in
      association with graphite for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. 20
      patients suffering of different degrees of this affection were involved. The
      treatment protocol was: cleaning and drying of the dentinal surfaces, evaluation
      of the level of pain using a graduated scale (after use of an air spray during 3
      sec at a distance of 1 cm from the dentinal surfaces), the treated area was
      smeared with a graphite paste (graphite mixed to physiologic solution), then
      irradiated with the Nd:YAG laser until complete removal of the graphite (VSP Mode
      of 140 microsec, 0,25W, 10 Hz, 300 microm diameter fiber, fluence: 35.39 J/cm2),
      rinsing and drying followed by a second smearing with the graphite, second
      lasing, rinsing, drying and a new evaluation of the pain immediately after the
      treatment and one week later. RESULTS: The means and standard deviations of the
      level of pain were 7.34 +/- 0.86 before treatment, 3.24 +/- 1.18 immediately
      after and 2.07 +/- 0.73 one week after. No anesthetic aspect was noticed after
      treatment. To conclude, our result revealed significant and immediate pain
      reduction with respect of aesthetics and the natural aspect of the treated teeth.
      Our protocol is a promising alternative to the treatment of dentinal
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 19994549
TI  - [Inquiry into the oral follow-up of diabetic patients: knowledge and application
      of the recommendations of the Haute Autorite de Sante].
AB  - In 1999, the Haute Autorite de Sante (HAS) issued recommendations on the follow
      up in France of diabetic patients. It recommends at least an annual dental
      examination with special attention on the periodontal environment. The results of
      studies suggest that recommendations on the monitoring of oral diabetes are few
      or not implemented. In this work, we sought to evaluate the application of the
      recommendations of the HAS for patients with diabetes and in particular the
      recommendations on oral follow-up, from a cross-sectional survey using
      questionnaires to dentists (CD), general practitioners (MG) and diabetic patients
      in the region of Pays de la Loire. The results of this cross-sectional study
      shows that the requirements for monitoring oral health of these patients are
      poorly known and therefore far from being massively applied by health
      professionals. Our study revealed a lack of knowledge among health professionals,
      in monitoring oral diabetic patients. The causal association between diabetes and
      periodontal diseases are now well established; the dentist should be more
      involved in the medical team during the monitoring of diabetic patients. His role
      involves the prevention and care oral disease early. The patient information is
      the first step of prevention and care that it should be issued in any
      consultation with a dentist and relayed by the associations of diabetic's
      patients who should also be better informed.

PMID- 19994550
TI  - Are physicians in safe hands with a defence based on "error of judgment"?

PMID- 19994551
TI  - Canada proposes amendments to adverse drug reaction reporting.

PMID- 19994552
TI  - Medical battery: forgotten but not gone.

PMID- 19994553
TI  - Long awaited regulations for the Ontario Long-Term Care Homes Act, 2007 proposed.

PMID- 19994554
TI  - Promotion of drugs and devices at international conferences held in Canada.

PMID- 19994555
TI  - 2009 Ontario provincial budget--overview for the health industry.

PMID- 19994556
TI  - Residents with dementia: potential legal implications for long-term care
      facilities.

PMID- 19994557
TI  - Coroners Act being amended to add oversight and accountability.

PMID- 19994558
TI  - Significant changes to Ontario's Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991 in
      effect.

PMID- 19994559
TI  - Oral infections and their influence on medical rehabilitation in kidney
      transplant patients.
AB  - Infections seem to be the most common life-threatening complication of long-term
      immunosuppressive therapy following organ transplantation. Although sparse
      scientific evidence, potential oral infections are considered to contribute to
      these complications. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is an
      association between oral infections and rejections after kidney transplantation.
      A group of 46 kidney transplant candidates was enrolled. The patients were
      examined clinically and radiographically for dental caries, periodontal disease,
      mucosal lesions/infections, and general oral health problems. Examinations were
      conducted the day before transplantation, and one year post transplantation.
      Fifteen (32.6%) patients developed acute rejections during the first year. Six of
      these patients (40%) presented with oral opportunistic infections (candida or
      herpes infections of the oral mucosa). The number of dental infections and semi
      impacted teeth were low. When rejections were related to probing pocket depths
      (PPDs) > or = 4 mm and apical lesions together, statistical significance was not
      reached (p=0.075, OR=3.17 [0.87; 11.55]). Similar results were obtained when PPDs
      > or = 4 mm, apical lesions, semi-impacted teeth, and opportunistic mucosal
      infections were compared to rejections. The results of the present study do not
      support that opportunistic oral mucosal infections or dental-related infections
      seem to increase the risk of rejection in kidney transplanted patients.

PMID- 19994560
TI  - Full-mouth versus quadrant-wise scaling--clinical outcome, efficiency and
      treatment discomfort.
AB  - The aim of this randomized clinical study was to compare full-mouth scaling and
      root planing (FM-SRP) in two sessions within 24 hours with quadrant-wise scaling
      and root planing (Q-SRP) in four sessions within 4-6 weeks and evaluate (I)
      clinical outcome, (II) treatment efficiency, and (III) treatment discomfort of
      patients and therapists. Twenty individuals, aged 28-65 years, with severe
      chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to treatment with FM-SRP or Q-SRP.
      At baseline and after 6 months, there were no between-group differences in
      clinical findings, treatment discomfort, or post-treatment body temperature. The
      therapists, however, felt that FM-SRP was more physically and psychologically
      demanding than Q-SRP. Mean effective scaling and root planing (SRP) time was
      165.5 min during the two FM-SRP sessions and 202.1 min during the four Q-SRP
      sessions. FM-SRP's initial time savings of 36.6 min compared with Q-SRP
      diminished to 30.8 min at the 6-month follow-up due to rescaling needs. Total
      mean treatment time (comprising SRP and patient reinformation and reinstruction
      in oral hygiene) during the first 6 months post-treatment was 321.2 min for FM
      SRP and 353.0 min for Q-SRP. Thus, mean savings in total treatment time with FM
      SRP was 31.8 min compared with Q-SRP. In conclusion, this study found that both
      treatment modalities may be recommended for chronic periodontitis patients.
      Although time saving is possible with FM-SRP,the modality may compromise the
      therapist's well-being if practiced frequently due to the risk of musculoskeletal
      problems.

PMID- 19994561
TI  - Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in patients with sudden
      sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Sudden sensorineural hearingloss (SSH) usually affects one ear and leads to life
      long deafness in some cases. There are many theories about the origin of the
      condition but the etiology and pathophysiology are still unknown. However,
      tinnitus and vertigo frequently occur in patients with SSH, but are also frequent
      symptoms reported by patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). We
      hypothesized that TMD symptoms and signs are frequent in SSH patients. The
      objective of this study was therefore to investigate the presence of TMD symptoms
      and signs in SSH patients compared with healthy individuals. The groups, matched
      by gender and age, consisted each of 9 females and 6 males. Both groups answered
      a questionnaire about TMD symptoms and a clinical examination which included
      maximum voluntary mouth opening, temporomandibular joint sounds, tenderness to
      digital palpation of the TMJs and selected masticatory muscles, intermaxillary
      relations and dental occlusion was performed. The SSH patients reported
      significantly higher rates of pain in the head and face region and pain during
      mandibular movements as well as of aural symptoms compared with the control
      group. There was also a statistically significant difference between the groups
      in the number of masticatory muscles tender to digital palpation, as well as in
      some occlusal variables. In conclusion, this study shows that self-reported
      symptoms and clinical signs of TMD are more frequent in patients with SSH than in
      healthy controls.

PMID- 19994562
TI  - Oral mucoceles; extravasation cysts and retention cysts. A study of 298 cases.
AB  - Oral mucoceles can be divided in two different forms, extravasation and retention
      cysts. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of each form, sex- and
      age distribution, location, recurrences, referent and the differences between the
      two forms. A total of three-hundred-five cases were retrieved from the Department
      of Oral Pathology at the Institution of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at
      Goteborg University between 1993 and 2003. Seven referrals were disregarded
      because there was insufficient information, leaving 298 cases for this study. In
      relation to other studies, our study investigated a larger number of cases.
      Extravasation cysts were the most common type (258 cases). There was a slight
      predominance among women (55%) and the most frequent location was the lower lip
      (71%). 84% occurred between the ages of 0 and 40 years with peak incidence in the
      second decade (34%). 62% of the referrals came from specialists, 28% from general
      practitioners, and 10% from the Department of Oral Medicine. Retention cysts were
      not found as frequently as extravasation cysts (40 cases) and the occurrence in
      women was also a bit higher (58%). We found a more even distribution regarding
      age and location. The most common locations were floor of the mouth (25%), cheek
      (20%), and lower lip (18%). They occurred more often between the ages of 11 and
      30 (31%), and between 50 and 80 (50%). 75% of the referrals came from
      specialists, 15% from general practitioners,and 10% from the Department of Oral
      Medicine. Recurrences were unusual for both cyst types. 17 cases of extravasation
      cysts were reported as recurrences and one case of retention cyst.

PMID- 19994563
TI  - Periodontal health status in Swedish adolescents: an epidemiological, cross
      sectional study.
AB  - The aim of this epidemiological survey was to analyze the periodontal conditions
      of 19-year old individuals in two rural county areas, i.e. Fyrbodal and
      Skaraborg, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden, with special reference to gender and
      socioeconomic grouping. A randomized sample of 506 individuals (Fyrbodal 250 and
      Skaraborg 256 individuals, respectively) was clinically examined with regard to
      oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontal pockets and gingival recession. Bitewing
      radiographs were used for assessment of alveolar bone level (ABL) and dental
      calculus. A questionnaire-based interview regarding oral hygiene habits was
      included. A majority of the subjects (76%) claimed to brush their teeth at least
      twice a day, while interdental hygiene means were used daily by 4%. The subjects
      showed a mean plaque score of 47% and a gingivitis score of 56%. Forty-six % of
      the adolescents had a plaque score of > or = 50%, whereas the corresponding
      figure for gingivitis was 62%. The subjects had on average 5.5 teeth with facial
      gingival recession. The mean prevalence of sites with probing depth (PPD) of > or
      = 4 mm was 8, out of which 99% were located at proximal sites. A radiographic
      bone level of > 2 mm was observed at on average 0.4 teeth per subject. Logistic
      regression analyses revealed that gender (males) and county area (Fyrbodal) were
      significant factors for a high plaque and gingivitis score. There was no
      significant difference in periodontal conditions in relation to socio-economic
      grouping. In conclusion, the survey revealed higher prevalence of plaque and
      gingivitis among male than female adolescents, but no differences between
      socioeconomic groups.

PMID- 19994564
TI  - Use of radiography in public dental care for children and adolescents in northern
      Sweden.
AB  - The primary aims were to investigate the total number of radiographs and the
      reason for dental radiography in children and adolescents in the Public Dental
      Health Service. Secondary aims were to study the influence of caries experience
      and orthodontic treatment on the number of radiographs. For this retrospective
      study, 544 adolescents regularly attending three Public Dental Health clinics in
      the county of Vasterbotten, northern Sweden were selected. The number of
      radiographs exposed each year from 3 to 19 years of age was registered.
      Information on reason for the radiographic examination was extracted from dental
      records as well as the caries experience at 19 years of age. The attrition rate
      was 7% due to incomplete data. The total mean number of radiographs exposed was
      23+/-6 of which 1+/-2 were extra-oral radiographs. Bitewing radiographs for
      caries registration constituted 87% of the intra-oral radiographs with a mean
      number of 19+/-4 exposures. There was a statistically significant difference
      (p<0.01) between subjects with caries experience (20+/-4) and those with no
      caries (16+/-4). No gender-related differences were displayed. During preschool
      ages, bitewing radiographs were taken in less than 10% of the children. Children
      treated at specialist clinics in orthodontics displayed higher number of
      radiographic examinations than non-referred children (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: A mean
      of 23 radiographs were exposed and bitewings for caries detection were the most
      common radiographic examination. Fewer bitewing radiographs were exposed in
      caries-free subjects over time but its use during the preschool ages was low.
      Orthodontics treatment increased the frequency of radiography significantly.

PMID- 19994565
TI  - Fracture strength of three-unit fixed partial denture cores (Y-TZP) with
      different connector dimension and design.
AB  - True crystalline ceramic materials presently used in restorative dentistry are
      Al2O3 (alumina) and yttrium-oxide stabilised tetragonal polycrystalline zirconium
      dioxide (Y-TZP). To ensure optimal clinical performance, the dimensions of the
      Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) framework in general and of the connectors in
      particular, must be adequate. Considered recommendations for connector dimensions
      for Y-TZP FPDs vary from 2 to 4 mm in occluso-gingival height and 2 to 4 mm in
      bucco-lingual width. In order to reduce the fracture probability when designing
      all-ceramic FPDs, the shape of the connector is an important factor to consider.
      The radius of curvature at the gingival embrasure plays a significant role in the
      load-bearing capacity. FPDs with small gingival embrasure radii are subjected to
      high stress concentrations in the connector area during loading, compared to FPDs
      with large embrasure radii. The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate how
      different radii of curvature in the embrasure of the connector area and different
      connector dimensions could affect the fracture resistance of 3-unit all-ceramic
      FPDs made of Y-TZP. Forty-eight FPDs in 6 groups of 8 FPDs with different
      connector design were produced in Procera Zirconia Bridge material. The FPD cores
      were subjected to heat treatment to simulate veneering. Following cementation,
      the FPDs were firstly thermocycled for 5,000 cycles, then preloaded for 10,000
      cycles and finally loaded to fracture. All the FPDs fractured in the connector
      area. All the crack propagation which led to fracture started at the gingival
      embrasure of the connector. Within the limitations of this in-vitro study,the
      recommended minimum dimension of an anterior 3-unit all-ceramic FPD of Y-TZP is 3
      mm in incisal-cervical direction and 2 mm in buccal-lingual direction. By
      increasing the radius of the gingival embrasure from 0.6 to 0.9 mm, the fracture
      strength for a Y-TZP FPD with connector dimension 3 x 3 mm increases by 20%.

PMID- 19994566
TI  - Two routes to perspective: simulation and rule-use as approaches to mentalizing.
AB  - We review evidence relating to children's ability to acknowledge false beliefs
      within a simulation account according to which our focus is set by default to the
      world as we know it: hence, our current beliefs assume salience over beliefs that
      do not fall into this category. The model proposes that the ease with which we
      imaginatively shift from this default depends on the salience of our current
      belief, relative to the salience of the belief that is being simulated. However,
      children do use a rule-based approach for mentalizing in some contexts, which has
      the advantage of protecting them from the salience of their own belief. Rule
      based mentalizing judgements might be faster, cognitively easier and less prone
      to error, relative to simulation-based judgements that are much influenced by
      salience. We propose that although simulation is primary, rule-based approaches
      develop as a shortcut; we thus grow from individuals capable of using only
      simulation into individuals capable of both techniques.

PMID- 19994567
TI  - Alternative routes to perspective-taking: imagination and rule-use may be better
      than simulation and theorising.
AB  - This article is a commentary on 'Two routes to perspective: Simulation and rule
      use as approaches to mentalizing' (Mitchell, Currie, & Ziegler, 2009).

PMID- 19994568
TI  - Simulation (mostly) rules: a commentary.
AB  - I consider three issues: children's attribution of belief-based emotions, the
      contribution of language input to children's developing theory of mind, and the
      default settings we assume in our dealings with the world. I ask whether the
      proposals made by Mitchell, Currie and Ziegler can help throw light on each issue
      (Mitchell, Currie, & Ziegler, 2009).

PMID- 19994569
TI  - Children's understanding of counterfactual emotions: age differences, individual
      differences, and the effects of counterfactual-information salience.
AB  - The present study investigated developmental trends in the effects of the
      salience of counterfactual alternatives on judgments of others' counterfactual
      thinking-based emotions. We also examined possible correlates of individual
      differences in the understanding of these emotions. Thirty-four adults and 102
      children, 5-8 years of age, were presented scenarios in which characters would be
      expected to experience regret. In one version of each scenario, the regret
      relevant counterfactual alternative was made more salient than was the case with
      the other version. Adults consistently judged that a character for whom a
      counterfactual course of events would have resulted in a better outcome would
      feel worse than a character for whom an alternative course of events would not
      have resulted in a more positive outcome. The majority of the children's
      judgments were not affected by the counterfactual alternatives. However, the
      judgments of the oldest children (the 8-year-olds) were significantly more adult
      like in the high-salience than in the low-salience condition. Although the three
      predictors examined in the present study (verbal ability, working memory
      capacity, second-order false belief task performance) together accounted for
      significant variance in performance on the emotions judgment task, no single
      predictor alone accounted for significant unique variance in performance. The
      importance of different social cognitive abilities for understanding people's
      affective responses is discussed.

PMID- 19994570
TI  - How does Sam feel?: Children's labelling and drawing of basic emotions.
AB  - This study compares the ability of children aged from 6 to II to freely produce
      emotional labels based on detailed scenarios (labelling task), and their ability
      to depict basic emotions in their human figure drawing (subsequent drawing task).
      This comparison assesses the relevance of the use of a human figure drawing task
      in order to test children's comprehension of basic emotions. Such a comparison
      has never been undertaken up to now, the two tasks being seen as belonging to
      relatively separate fields of investigation. Results indicate corresponding
      developmental patterns for both tasks and a clear-cut gap between simple emotions
      (happiness and sadness) and complex emotions (anger, fear, and disgust) in the
      ability to label and to depict basic emotions. These results suggest that a
      drawing task can be used to assess children's understanding of basic emotions.
      Results are discussed according to the development of perceptual skills and the
      development of emotion conceptualization.

PMID- 19994571
TI  - Associations between parental control and children's overt and relational
      aggression.
AB  - The present study examined specialized associations between parental control and
      child aggression in a sample of 600 8- to 10-years old children. Parental control
      dimensions and aggression subtypes were assessed using multiple informants (i.e.
      children, mothers, fathers, peers, and teachers). In line with expectations,
      parental physical punishment was positively associated with overt aggression,
      whereas parental psychological control was positively associated with relational
      aggression in both girls and boys. In addition, this study demonstrated that if
      both parents employed similar parenting strategies, it appeared to have a
      cumulative effect on child aggressive behaviour. Associations involving overt
      aggression were more pronounced for boys than girls, whereas associations
      involving relational aggression were not moderated by gender. Overall, the
      present study contributes to an emerging research field by supporting the
      hypothesis of specialized associations between parental control and child
      aggression.

PMID- 19994572
TI  - Hyperactivity, shyness, and sex: development and socio-emotional functioning.
AB  - Based on formulations about the possible consequences for adaptation of gender
      nonnormative behaviour, we investigated predictive and concurrent relations of
      hyperactivity and shyness to various aspects of adaptation focusing on possible
      effects of sex. At ages 5-6, parents and preschool teachers rated hyperactivity
      and shyness for 151 children (50% boys). At age 9, we obtained teacher ratings of
      hyperactivity, internalizing and externalizing problems, self-ratings of trait
      anxiety, and peer nominations of shyness, social preference, and aggression.
      Several effects of sex were found. Hyperactivity ratings were more strongly
      related across time and raters for boys than for girls. In the predictive
      analyses, boys' hyperactivity was more strongly related to aggression than was
      girls' hyperactivity, and in concurrent analyses, girls' hyperactivity was more
      strongly associated with low social preference than was boys' hyperactivity.
      There was a protective effect of shyness with regard to aggression that applied
      only to boys, that is, at high hyperactivity levels, boys with high shyness
      levels were less aggressive than boys with low shyness levels. There were also
      main effects of hyperactivity and shyness. In predictive and concurrent analyses,
      hyperactivity was associated with low social preference, high levels of
      externalizing problems and with aggression, whereas shyness was associated with
      high levels of internalizing problems. Finally, there was an interactive effect
      of hyperactivity and shyness. In the concurrent analyses, an exacerbating effect
      was demonstrated insofar as high shyness was associated with low social
      preference at high, but not at low levels of hyperactivity. The different
      developmental risks of hyperactivity and shyness were discussed.

PMID- 19994573
TI  - Linking actions and emotions: evidence from 15- and 18-month-old infants.
AB  - This study investigated 15- and 18-month-olds' understanding of the link between
      actions and emotions. Infants watched a videotape in which three adult models
      performed an action on an object. Each adult expressed the same emotion
      (positive, negative, or neutral affect) on completion of the action. Infants were
      subsequently given 20 seconds to interact with the object. Infants were less
      likely to perform the target action after the models' expressed negative as
      opposed to positive or neutral affect. Although infants' imitative behaviour was
      influenced by the models' emotional displays, this social referencing effect was
      not apparent in their more general object-directed behaviour. For instance,
      infants in the negative emotion condition were just as quick to touch the object
      and spent the same amount of time touching the object as did infants in the
      neutral and positive emotion conditions. These findings suggest that infants
      understood that the models' negative affect was in response to the action, rather
      than the object itself. Infants apparently used this negative emotional
      information to appraise the action as one that was 'undesirable' or 'bad'.
      Consequently, infants were now loath to reproduce the action themselves.

PMID- 19994574
TI  - A measure of inspection time in 4-year-old children: the Benny Bee IT task.
AB  - Inspection time (IT) measures speed of information processing without the
      confounding influence of motor speed. While IT has been found to relate to
      cognitive abilities in adults and older children, no measure of IT has been
      validated for use with children younger than 6 years. This study examined the
      validity of a new measure of IT for preschool children. N = 71 4-year-old
      children completed the new IT task and standardized measures of fluid ability,
      visuospatial ability, and speed of processing. N = 50 adults completed the same
      tasks and, additionally, a standard IT task. Results showed that the new IT task
      is a stable, reliable measure of IT in 4-year-old children. The new task had
      reasonable concurrent validity with the standard IT task in adults and the
      relationships between cognitive abilities, particularly general cognitive
      ability, and IT are sufficiently similar in young children and adults to suggest
      that the new IT task may be a useful tool for research in populations where IT
      was previously not measurable.

PMID- 19994575
TI  - Associations among false belief understanding, counterfactual reasoning, and
      executive function.
AB  - The primary purposes of the present study were to clarify previous work on the
      association between counterfactual thinking and false belief performance to
      determine (1) whether these two variables are related and (2) if so, whether
      executive function skills mediate the relationship. A total of 92 3-, 4-, and 5
      year-olds completed false belief, counterfactual, working memory,
      representational flexibility, and language measures. Counterfactual reasoning
      accounted for limited unique variance in false belief. Both working memory and
      representational flexibility partially mediated the relationship between
      counterfactual and false belief. Children, like adults, also generated various
      types of counterfactual statements to differing degrees. Results demonstrated the
      importance of language and executive function for both counterfactual and false
      belief. Implications are discussed.

PMID- 19994576
TI  - Social cognitive predictors of peer acceptance at age 5 and the moderating
      effects of gender.
AB  - In this study we examined the effects of social intelligence, empathy, verbal
      ability and appearance-reality distinction on the level of peer acceptance, as
      well as the moderating role of gender. Participants were 98 five-year-old
      children (43 boys and 55 girls; mean age 5 years 3 months for boys and girls).
      Our results showed a main effect of social intelligence on peer acceptance, as
      well as several other effects that were moderated by gender: a significant and
      positive effect of verbal ability on social acceptance was found for boys;
      appearance-reality distinction was found to have a positive effect on social
      acceptance in the case of girls; and although empathy had a significant positive
      effect on social acceptance for both boys and girls, this effect was more
      pronounced among boys. Our results suggest that abilities promoting peer
      acceptance are different for boys and girls.

PMID- 19994577
TI  - How action and context priming influence categorization: A developmental study.
AB  - Embodied views of cognition propose that concepts are grounded in sensorimotor
      experience. Diverse aspects of sensorimotor experience, like action and context
      information, could play a key role in the formation and processing of manipulable
      object concepts. Specifically, contextual information could help to link specific
      actions experienced with different object exemplars. In this study, the effects
      of action and context priming on superordinate and basic-level categorization of
      manipulable objects were directly contrasted in 7- and 9-year-olds and in adults.
      Across the ages, results revealed a differential effect of hand and scene primes
      on conceptual processing at the superordinate and basic levels; the disadvantage
      of superordinate over basic-level categorization was reduced in the context
      priming condition in comparison to the action priming condition. The nature and
      role of contextual knowledge are discussed from a cognitive and a
      neurophysiological point of view. Directions for further developmental research
      on concepts are also considered.

PMID- 19994578
TI  - Children's judgments about their own self-knowledge: the role of disclosure to
      other.
AB  - Previous research has suggested that children of 5/6 years fail to understand
      that they are the authority on their own self-knowledge. That is, when asked
      questions like, 'Who knows best when you are feeling tired?', they tend to cite
      their mother rather than themselves. Here we report a study that, rather than
      asking about generalities ('Who knows best what you are thinking?'), presented 5
      , 7- 9- and 11-year-children with hypothetical vignettes about specific
      circumstances in which they were described as either disclosing or not disclosing
      a specified state to their mother. Children were subsequently asked to judge who
      would best know the state. Over all age groups children were significantly more
      likely to identify themselves as authorities on their own self-knowledge when
      states had not been disclosed to mother than when they had. However, in the case
      of disclosed states, young children (though not older ones) asserted that, 'mum
      knows best'. These findings are interpreted as suggesting not that young children
      entirely fail to understand first person authority, but instead that they make
      the relatively sophisticated assumption that mothers' interpretive competence is
      greater than their own.

PMID- 19994579
TI  - Sex differences in the structure and stability of children's playground social
      networks and their overlap with friendship relations.
AB  - Gender segregated peer networks during middle childhood have been highlighted as
      important for explaining later sex differences in behaviour, yet few studies have
      examined the structural composition of these networks and their implications.
      This short-term longitudinal study of 119 children (7-8 years) examined the size
      and internal structure of boys' and girls' social networks, their overlap with
      friendship relations, and their stability over time. Data collection at the start
      and end of the year involved systematic playground observations of pupils' play
      networks during team and non-team activities and measures of friendship from peer
      nomination interviews. Social networks were identified by aggregating play
      network data at each time point. Findings showed that the size of boy's play
      networks on the playground, but not their social networks, varied according to
      activity type. Social network cores consisted mainly of friends. Girl's social
      networks were more likely to be composed of friends and boys' networks contained
      friends and non-friends. Girls had more friends outside of the social network
      than boys. Stability of social network membership and internal network relations
      were higher for boys than girls. These patterns have implications for the nature
      of social experiences within these network contexts.

PMID- 19994580
TI  - Morphological effects in children word reading: a priming study in fourth
      graders.
AB  - A growing corpus of evidence suggests that morphology could play a role in
      reading acquisition, and that young readers could be sensitive to the morphemic
      structure of written words. In the present experiment, we examined whether and
      when morphological information is activated in word recognition. French fourth
      graders made visual lexical decisions to derived words preceded by primes sharing
      either a morphological or an orthographic relationship with the target. Results
      showed significant and equivalent facilitation priming effects in cases of
      morphologically and orthographically related primes at the shortest prime
      duration, and a significant facilitation priming effect in the case of only
      morphologically related primes at the longer prime duration. Thus, these results
      strongly suggest that a morphological level is involved in children's visual word
      recognition, although it is not distinct from the formal one at an early stage of
      word processing.

PMID- 19994581
TI  - [Progression of the treatment to diabetic retinopathy and its evaluation].

PMID- 19994582
TI  - [Mechanisms and regulation of corneal neovascularization].
AB  - The cornea is a transparent tissue and its transparency is dependent on many
      factors including avascularity. However, in response to a stimulation such as
      inflammation, neovasculature from the limbal plexus can invade the transparent
      cornea. Neovascularization in the corneal tissue induces unwanted opacification,
      which can result in significant reduction in visual function. Furthermore,
      corneal neovascularization is the main risk factor for rejection after
      keratoplasty. Although anti-angiogenic therapy is a promising approach to reduce
      corneal opacity and immune rejection secondary to keratoplasty, the exact
      mechanism driving corneal neovasuclarization has not been fully identified. In
      this review, we summarize the known mechanisms of corneal neovascularization and
      describe the involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and the tissue
      rennin angiotensin system. Regulation of these factors can have immense
      therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of corneal
      neovascularization.

PMID- 19994583
TI  - [Cultivated corneal endothelial cell sheet transplantation in a primate model].
AB  - Our new surgical treatment for corneal endothelial dysfunction involves replacing
      damaged the corneal endothelium with healthy corneal endothelial cells cultivated
      and multiplied in vitro. Monkey corneal endothelial cells (MCECs) were cultivated
      on collagen type- I carriers for four weeks. The corneal endothelium of the
      monkeys was mechanically scraped, and the cultivated MCEC sheet was inserted into
      the anterior chamber and fixed to the Descemet's membrane with air. As controls,
      a collagen sheet without MCECs was transplanted into one eye, and a suspension of
      cultivated MCECs was injected into the anterior chamber in another eye. In the
      early postoperative period MCEC sheets were attached to Descemet's membrane and
      corneal clarity recovered. This was accompanied by a decrease in corneal
      thickness. Fluorescein DiI labeled donor corneal endothelial cells were detected
      on the host cornea on postoperative day7. After transplantation, the MCEC
      transplanted corneas remained clear for up to 4 years, and hexagonal cells of a
      density more than 1,500-2,000 cells/mm2 were observed by in vivo specular
      microscopy. Control eyes showed irreversible bullous keratopathy. We established
      a model of cultivated corneal endothelial transplantation for corneal endothelial
      dysfunction in primates whose corneal endothelial cells have less proliferative
      capacity in vivo. Our results suggest that this is a useful model for long-term
      observation in advance of future clinical application of cultivated corneal
      endothelial transplantation.

PMID- 19994584
TI  - [Mechanism of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced retinal ganglion cell death].
AB  - Excitotoxicity is a major cause of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death during
      ischemic diseases such as vessel occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. However, the
      underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we found a novel
      and causative role for inflammatory leukocyte recruitment in NMDA-induced
      excitotoxicity. NMDA increased the expression of interleukin-1beta and TNF-alpha,
      and endothelial adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1, and induced leukocyte
      accumulation in the retinal vessels. Either systemic blockade of ICAM-1 in wild
      type mice or the absence of CD18 in gene deficient (CD18-/-) mice significantly
      suppressed NMDA-induced leukocyte accumulation and RGC death. Furthermore, here
      we demonstrated the novel neuroprotective effect of statins against
      excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. Both statins and other anti-inflammatory agents
      may thus have therapeutic benefits in excitotoxicity-associated neurons. In this
      article, we demonstrate our previous data on NMDA-induced retinal damage and
      summarize the field of research on retinal excitotoxicity.

PMID- 19994585
TI  - [The possibility of selective Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitors as a
      medical treatment for glaucoma].
AB  - Some of the cytokines and growth factors in the aqueous humor activate Rho, and
      the Rho/ROCK signal transduction participates in signaling pathways via
      rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton that leads to various cellular reactions. In
      a previous study, we demonstrated that a selective ROCK inhibitor significantly
      reduced intraocular pressure, the mechanism of which was attributed to improved
      outflow. ROCK inhibitors induced the actomyosin assembly, cell adhesive
      interactions, and the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in
      cultured TM cells. The inhibition of Rho also has been implicated in pathological
      wound healing by regulating neovascularization, migration, and ECM in scar
      tissue. In this study, we investigated the role of ROCK inhibitor in regulating
      human Tenon fibroblast (HTF) activity and postoperative scar formation in a
      rabbit sclerostomy model. ROCK inhibitor showed decreased aSMA expression in HTF,
      and prevented enhanced contractility, assembly of actin stress fibers, and
      myofibroblastic transdifferentiation. In vivo sclerostomy studies showed that the
      bleb survival was significantly improved in ROCK inhibitor-treated eyes. In
      another study by us, ROCK inhibitor showed neuroprotective effects against rat
      retinal ischemia reperfusion injury. Collectively, ROCK inhibitors are thus a
      potential new strategy for developing medical therapy for glaucomatous dis-

PMID- 19994586
TI  - [Alleviation of seasonal allergic symptoms with superfine beta-1,3-glucan: a
      randomized study].
AB  - Allergic response is induced by the Th2-type immune response. The intracellular
      thiol redox status of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) reportedly regulates the Th
      1/Th 2 balance via distinctive cytokine production by APCs. The beta-1,3-glucan,
      lentinan, induces reductive macrophages (RMp) with elevated intracellular
      glutathione (icGSH), essential for the secretion of the Th 1-type cytokine, IL
      12. This dou0 ble-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study shows that the
      ingestion of superfine dispersed beta-1,3-glucan alleviates ongoing symptoms of
      rhinoconjunctivitis. We postulate that the difference was due to inefficient
      lentinan uptake by the intestinal mucosa in the placebo group. Our interim
      results, obtained after only 2 months of treatment, show that the oral
      administration of beta-1,3-glucan in individuals with allergic tropism can reduce
      the spontaneous increase of both allergen-specific and total IgE titers. The
      clinical response to treatment was well correlated with both the decrease in IgE
      and the capacity of monocytes to bind to beta-1,3-glucan. Orally effective
      superfine dispersed beta-1,3-glucan may greatly contribute to the resolution of
      epidemic medical problems of seasonal cedar-pollen-induced allergy.

PMID- 19994587
TI  - [Pathogenesis of infectious conjunctivitis in Nepal].
AB  - PURPOSE: We investigated human adenovirus (HAdV) and Chlamydia trachomatis in
      patients with infectious conjunctivitis in Nepal. METHOD: We obtained swabs from
      6 patients with infectious conjunctivitis in a remote area near the Indian border
      (group A), and from 30 patients at the B. P. Koirala Eye Center of Tribhuvan
      University Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu (group B). Rapid diagnosis of HAdV was
      conducted in Nepal, using Capilia adeno eye (Capilia), a rapid adenoviral antigen
      diagnostic kit using immunochromatography. Residual swabs were brought to Japan
      and examined for HAdV and Chlamydia trachomatis using polymerase chain reaction
      (PCR). Etiological analysis of 214 patients with trachoma was also investigated
      by PCR. RESULTS: Capilia results were negative for the six samples of group A and
      positive for 13 patients (43%) in group B. PCR showed one (17%) as positive in
      group A and 30 (100%)in group B. The serotype of all HAdV positive samples was
      HAdV-8. C serovar of Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in ninety seven cases out
      of 214 patients with trachoma. CONCLUSION: HAdV-8 and Chlamydia trachomatis
      serotype C seem to be prevalent in Nepal.

PMID- 19994588
TI  - [Efficacy of treatments on vision-related quality of life in patients with
      diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the vision-related quality of life in patients
      with diabetic retinopathy with the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual
      Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). Patients were categorized into three
      groups : without treatment, receiving pan-retinal photocoagulation, and those who
      had vitrectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Altogether 327 patients (131 without
      treatment, [observation group]; 60 receiving pan-retinal photocoagulation,
      [photocoagulation group]; and 136 patients who had vitrectomy, [vitrectomy
      group]). The VFQ-25 was recorded at the time of entry and 1 year later. The VFQ
      25 score was compared between the time of entry and 1 year later for each group
      and among the three groups at both the time of entry and 1 year later. RESULTS:
      VFQ-25 scores (mean +/- standard deviations) at the time of entry and 1 year
      later were 91.3 +/- 7.8 and 92.2 +/- 7.8 in the observation group, 80.7 +/- 15.7
      and 77.6 +/-19.1 in the photocoagulation group, and 67.4 +/-17.3 and 75.4 +/-
      17.5 in the vitrectomy group. VFQ-25 scores in the observation group and in the
      photocoagulation group did not change statistically between the time of entry and
      1 year later (p = 0.113, 0.169, respectively), while the score of the vitrectomy
      group increased statistically (p < 0.001). In addition, although VFQ-25 scores
      were statistically significant among the three groups at the time of entry (p <
      0.05), the scores 1 year later were not statistically different between the
      photocoagulation group and vitrectomy group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest
      that vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy may be effective in increasing the
      quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 19994589
TI  - [Re-treatment guideline of ranibizumab (genetical recombination) in the
      maintenance phase].

PMID- 19994590
TI  - [The usefulness of COPD questionnaire for screening COPD subjects].
AB  - To evaluate the usefulness of the COPD questionnaire of the International Primary
      Care Airways Group (IPAG) for screening the subjects with COPD in a given cohort,
      the questionnaires were given to subjects aged 40 or older, regardless of smoking
      habit at a general health check-up program in 4 institutions (Miyagi, Osaka,
      Okayama and Fukuoka) of the Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association (JATA)
      prefectural branch from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2008. The questionnaires
      scores of 11,166 participants were collated with their FEV1/FVC, with their
      agreement. The prevalence of cases at high-risk of COPD receiving a score of 17
      or more was 27.5%, and airflow limitation defined as FEV1/FVC < 70% was found in
      6.5% among these cases, i.e. 2.7% among all subjects. The area under the curve of
      the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC), sensitivity, and specificity
      were 0.755, 0.666, and 0.736, respectively. Airflow limitation was observed more
      frequently in those older than 59, more than 24 pack-years, and frequent wheezes
      but not in those of cough affected by weather, sputum in the morning, and
      allergies. Among 4 institutions, sensitivities of airflow limitation varied from
      0.581 to 1.000 and these were remarkably elevated to 0.702 and more by excluding
      the subjects with P x Y0-14. This questionnaire seemed to be effective using a
      cut-off level of 17 for screening cases at high risk of COPD.

PMID- 19994591
TI  - [Effect of direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B immobilized fiber column in
      acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia and serum indicators].
AB  - Acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia (IP-AE) can occasionally occur and
      has a poor prognosis. Direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B immobilized fiber
      column (PMX-DHP) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on acute respiratory
      distress syndrome, which has similar pathological features to that of IP-AE. This
      study was aimed to investigate the effects of PMX-DHP on IP-AE and serum
      indicators for epithelial damage. Nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of
      interstitial pneumonia, who developed acute exacerbation, were included in this
      study. Five patients had been given a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
      (IPF) and 3 cases were diagnosed as collagen vascular disease-associated
      interstitial pneumonia (CVD-IP). On days 30 and 60, 6 and 4 patients were
      surviving, respectively. On day 60, all 3 patients with CVD-IP were alive, while
      4 of 5 patients with IPF had died. In 4 patients who survived for 60 days or
      longer, serum levels of LDH, CRP, and SP-D were significantly decreased after PMX
      DHP, whereas KL-6 level was unchanged. In 5 patients, who died by day 60, no
      significant changes in the serum markers were observed. These data suggest that
      serum levels of LDH, CRP, and SP-D might be predictive of successful PMX-DHP
      treatment in cases of IP-AE.

PMID- 19994592
TI  - [Short-term efficacy evaluation of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis treated with
      micafangin and maintenance therapy of itraconazole].
AB  - We evaluated both the short-and long-term efficacy of micafungin in patients with
      chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). We treated 26 patients with CPA, 19 with
      chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA) and 7 with aspergilloma, with
      micafungin between February 2003 and September 2005. On completion of treatment
      (short-term efficacy evaluation), the efficacy rates of micafungin for CNPA and
      aspergilloma were 52.6% (10/19) and 71.4% (5/7), respectively, and the overall
      efficacy rate was 57.7% (15/26). Long-term efficacy was evaluable in 25 of 26
      patients, and 15 patients, who responded favorably to micafungin, received
      maintenance therapy with itraconazole (200mg). In long-term efficacy evaluation,
      10 patients were unchanged, but in 5 patients symptoms were exacerbated after 1.8
      months (median time). This result suggests that establishing effective
      maintenance therapy, as well as acute-phase therapy, is important in the
      treatment of patients with CPA.

PMID- 19994593
TI  - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by hydrogen fluoride gas
      inhalation].
AB  - A 21-year old man was referred to our hospital with severe respiratory distress
      and diffuse infiltrative shadows on chest radiograph. He had been exposed to
      irritant gas when polishing the inside of a stainless tank using a chemical
      cleaner containing hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. He felt sick immediately
      after exposure and experienced respiratory distress within a few hours. He was
      successfully treated with intensive care including mechanical ventilation and
      administration of high dose methylprednisolone. Later, his illness was diagnosed
      as acute lung damage induced by hydrogen fluoride gas inhalation based on the
      findings of increased fluoride concentration in serum and urine specimen, and
      decreased serum calcium level.

PMID- 19994594
TI  - [Transesophageal endoscopic ultrasonography guided-fine needle aspiration for the
      diagnosis of sarcoidosis].
AB  - Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ disorder of unknown etiology characterized by
      noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas. The specimen for histopathological
      diagnosis is usually obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), but the
      diagnostic accuracy rate of TBLB is not satisfactory, especially for stage I
      patients. Since hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a common finding in
      patients with sarcoidosis, an approach to lymph nodes is expected to have a good
      diagnosis yield. We present 3 sarcoidosis patients in whom specimens obtained by
      TBLB, transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and transesophageal endoscopic
      ultrasonography guided-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). The histopathological
      appearance of specimens obtained by EUS-FNA for swollen mediastinal lymph nodes
      showed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas which are characteristic of
      sarcoidosis in all 3 patients. On the other hand, no specific findings were
      recognized in the specimens obtained by TBLB and TBNA in 2 out of 3 patients.
      These results suggest that EUS-FNA is useful to obtain diagnostic specimens in
      cases of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 19994595
TI  - [Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by isocyanate exposure during recreational
      painting].
AB  - A 36-year-old man began painting his car as a hobby every weekend in early
      February 2007 using a paint containing isocyanate. In March, 2007, he developed a
      dry cough, dyspnea and fever of 40 degrees C. These symptoms appeared repeatedly
      several hours after engaging in painting activity. His chest X-ray film showed
      diffuse small granular and reticular shadows in bilateral lung fields. His
      computed tomogram showed ground glass images in bilateral lung fields. Pulmonary
      function tests showed significantly decreased DLco. Histological findings of
      transbronchial lung biopsy revealed cellular interstitial pneumonia. These
      symptoms improved after cessation of painting and administration of prednisolone.
      Based on these results, we diagnosed this patient's illness as hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis due to isocyanate exposure.

PMID- 19994596
TI  - [Pulmonary histoplasmosis diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy].
AB  - A 34-year-old Japanese man working in Mexico City since April 2004, was referred
      to our hospital in December 2005 because of a nodule in the left lingular
      bronchus, first pointed out in September 2005. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB)
      revealed coagulation necrosis, which contained yeast-like cells stained with
      fungiflora Y stain. We diagnosed pulmonary histoplasmosis (histoplasmoma type)
      based on the shape of the fungi and on his residential history. The nodule,
      resected in January, presented histological findings in concordance with the TBLB
      specimen. We later confirmed his serum was positive for an anti-histoplasma
      antibody. The pathogen was identified as Histoplasma capsulatum by PCR using lung
      tissue. This is apparently the first report of Histoplasmosis diagnosed by TBLB.
      Since imported mycosis is increasing, we should accumulate cases to make
      guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 19994597
TI  - [Microscopic polyangiitis accompanied by interstitial pneumonia and abducens
      palsy].
AB  - A 69-year-old man was referred to our hospital with fever. Interstitial pneumonia
      and right pleural effusion were noted with elevated MPO-ANCA. Video-assisted
      thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed and UIP -like histology was obtained. His
      symptoms and chest X-ray finding improved with administration of prednisolone and
      cyclosporine, but ten months later diplopia appeared. He had right abducens palsy
      and impaired perception in the first right trigeminal branch area, and we
      diagnosed mononeuritis multiplex due to microscopic polyangiitis.

PMID- 19994598
TI  - [A surgical case of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the left main bronchus].
AB  - A 69-year-old woman complaining of cough and wheezing of 2-months duration was
      admitted for diagnosis and treatment. She had been treated for bronchial asthma.
      Chest computed tomography showed an endobronchial tumor in the left main
      bronchus. Bronchoscopic biopsy yielded a diagnosis of plasmacytoma. We confirmed
      the absence of M-protein in the serum and urine, bone lesions in bone
      scintigraphy, and other organ dysfunction. In addition bone marrow biopsy and
      revealed normal findings. We diagnosed extramedullary plasmacytoma in the left
      main bronchus. We performed a sleeve resection of the left main bronchus
      including the tumor and reconstructed the bronchus with primary end-to-end
      anastomoses. We achieved complete excision and were able to maintain lung
      function. One year after the operation, the patient remains well, with no
      evidence of recurrence, or conversion to multiple myeloma. When a patient
      complains of wheezing, a bronchial tumor should always be considered.

PMID- 19994599
TI  - [A case of scleritis as the initial clinical manifestation of limited Wegener's
      granulomatosis].
AB  - A 63-year-old man who was transferred to our hospital had noticed ocular
      hyperemia, and 2 months later headache, dry cough, nose bleeds and fever. Chest X
      ray film showed bilateral infiltrating shadows. He was given a diagnosis of
      pneumonia at the previous hospital, where antibiotics were administrated with no
      effect. High-resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) on admission revealed
      consolidations distributed predominantly in the bilateral lower lobes and
      multiple nodules. Consolidations were also mainly distributed around
      bronchovascular bundles and at subpleural areas. We suspected Wegener's
      granulomatosis because of his eye lesion and HRCT findings. Ophthalmologic
      examination after admission revealed bilateral scleritis. The proteinase 3
      antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody level was 51.4 IU/ml. Thoracoscopic lung
      biopsy (left S8) showed eccentric granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis, which was
      consistent with Wegener's granulomatosis. We finally diagnosed this case as
      limited type Wegener's granulomatosis without renal involvement. We administrated
      both 60 mg/day prednisolone and 100mg/day cyclophosphamide for initial treatment.
      After this treatment, he remarkably improved. Scleritis was the initial clinical
      presentation in this case of Wegener's granulomatosis.

PMID- 19994600
TI  - [Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy associated with cancer of unknown
      origin].
AB  - A nonsmoking, 52-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of persistent
      dry cough. Chest X-ray film on admission showed small granular shadow in
      bilateral lung fields. Bronchoscopic biopsy did not yield a diagnosis. Two months
      later, she complained of dyspnea. Physical examination showed signs of pulmonary
      hypertension. Five days after the onset of dyspnea, she died of respiratory
      failure. An autopsy showed pulmonary embolism and swollen abdominal lymph nodes
      consisting of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma. There was also marked fibrocellular intimal proliferation and
      thrombus formation causing luminal stenosis in small pulmonary arterioles.
      Thrombi were organized by recanalization and included atypical cells. We
      diagnosed pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM). In spite of various
      immunohistological staining procedure, we could not find out the primary lesion
      of this cancer. This case suggests that we should aggressively biopsy a large
      specimen of the lung to make a differential diagnosis of PTTM, because
      bronchoscopic biopsy is not enough to diagnose PTTM.

PMID- 19994601
TI  - [Successful treatment of small cell lung cancer with secondary immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura].
AB  - Chest CT on admission of a 58-year-old woman with bloody sputum showed a mass
      shadow at the hilum of the right lung suggesting invasion to the mediastinum, and
      contralateral mediastinal lymph node (#6) metastasis. Bronchial brush cytology
      yielded a diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The clinical stage was
      T4N3M0, stage IIIB, limited disease (LD). On admission, her platelet count was
      only 40 x 10(3)/microl. Blood biochemistry and bone marrow puncture revealed
      immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We speculated that she had secondary ITP
      (ITP-like syndrome) associated with cancer. Only 11 cases of lung cancer with
      secondary ITP have ever been reported, 4 cases of which attained complete
      response of cancer and complete remission of ITP by anti-cancer therapy.
      Therapeutic procedures employed were surgery in 3 cases of adenocarcinoma and a
      high dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous peripheral blood stem cell
      transplantation (APBSCT) in 1 case of SCLC. In the present case, concurrent
      chemoradiotherapy (four cycles of cisplatin/etoposide (PE) combined with 45Gy of
      thoracic radiotherapy) was performed, which resulted in a complete response of
      SCLC and a complete remission of the secondary ITP. This is apparently the first
      report of successful treatment of SCLC with secondary ITP by standard
      chemoradiotherapy. In a SCLC patient with ITP-like symptoms, treatment for SCLC
      may simultaneously resolve the ITP-like symptoms.

PMID- 19994602
TI  - [A case of miliary tuberculosis difficult to distinguish from metastatic lung
      cancer].
AB  - We report a case of the coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer
      maked a wrong diagnosis of lung cancer and metastatic lung carcinoma. The patient
      was a 80-years-old woman who had ascites and anorexia and decreased weight. Chest
      CT film showed a mass shadow in the right S, and infiltrative shadows on
      bilateral lung fields. FDG-PET revealed the tumor in the right lower lung field
      and many infiltrative shadows in all lung fields, and showed that FDG accumulated
      diffusely along the peritoneum. We made a diagnosis of lung cancer and metastatic
      lung carcinoma. However we obtained a diagnosis of coexisting of pulmonary
      tuberclosis and lung cancer autopsy. When the patient has a shadow suggestive of
      lung tumor shadow with many infiltrative shadows, we tend to make a diagnosis of
      lung cancer and metastatic lung carcinoma. We saw the importance of a postmortem
      examination in a new light.

PMID- 19994603
TI  - [Small cell lung cancer complicated by opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome].
AB  - Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, one of the paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
      involving several neurological symptoms that result from "remote effects" of
      cancer, is a rare disease characterized by opsoclonus, cerebellar ataxia and
      myoclonus of the trunk and extremities. A 53-year-old man was admitted with
      dizziness and difficulty walking. Medical examinations led to a diagnosis of
      opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome. CT scans showed mediastinal and cervical
      lymphadenopathy, and a diagnosis of small cell lung cancer was made. Steroid
      therapy and chemotherapy (carboplatin + etoposide) produced significant
      improvement in the neurological symptoms.

PMID- 19994604
TI  - [Peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified with remarkably extensive airspace
      consolidations and ground-glass opacities of bilateral lung fields].
AB  - A 53-year-old man had presented to a nearby hospital with fever, dyspnea and
      multiple lymphadenopathy. Chest X-ray film and computed tomography had shown
      expanded airspace consolidations with air broncograms and surrounding ground
      glass opacities in bilateral lung fields. Because his respiratory status had
      gradually worsened, he was transferred to our hospital and placed on the
      ventilator. Bronchoalveolar lavage were performed, showing abnormal lymphocytes
      which indicated infiltration of malignant lymphoma. Furthermore, a biopsy of the
      left inguinal lymph node revealed T-cell lymphoma. We finally diagnosed his
      pulmonary lesions as involvement of peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified in
      consideration of immunohistochemical estimation. Pulmonary involvement of
      malignant lymphoma is thought to be relatively uncommon. Therefore, this is
      considered an extremely rare case showing extensively spreading airspace
      consolidations and surrounding ground-glass opacities of bilateral lung fields
      caused by the infiltration of malignant cells along with lymphoid tissues.
      Because these radiological findings may indicate a severe status of lymphoma, it
      is necessary to diagnose and treat them immediately. From this point of view, we
      report this case with useful information concerning differential radiological
      diagnosis.

PMID- 19994605
TI  - [Sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome with vertebral bone destruction].
AB  - We report a rare case of sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome with vertebral bone
      destruction. A 63-year-old woman was previously diagnosed as sarcoidosis by
      supraclavicular lymph node biopsy, and came to our hospital complaining of back
      pain. Both serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and lysozyme level had been
      continuously elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lumbar vertebral bone
      destruction. Histopathologic examination of lumbar vertebral tumor obtained by CT
      guided biopsy revealed non-caseating epithelioid granuloma with CD 68 (+),
      AE1/AE3 (-), and no malignant cells. She was admitted to our hospital again for
      dyspnea and pancytopenia. We diagnosed active sarcoidosis and administered oral
      30mg prednisolone daily. One month later, prednisolone became ineffective. Flow
      cytometry of tumor cells obtained from the gastric ulcer floor showed CD 5 (+),
      CD 20 (+), K chain monoclonality and we diagnosed B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma.
      She was treated by eight cycles of CHOP plus rituximab chemotherapy and achieved
      complete response. FDG uptake of the entire body decreased, whereas MRI revealed
      residual mass in the vertebrae. Sarcoidosis had been diagnosed for two and half
      years before lymphoma developed. Bone destruction is very rare and sarcoidosis is
      rarely the cause. This is quite an unusual case presenting histologically proved
      epithelioid granuloma and vertebral destruction in sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome.

PMID- 19994606
TI  - Diversity of topics, methods, perspectives and disciplines.

PMID- 19994607
TI  - Chaplains and quality improvement: can we make our case by improving our care?
AB  - To date, the field of health care chaplaincy has little information about what
      constitutes "quality spiritual care. "A qualitative study of four focus groups in
      New York, Illinois, Arizona, and California was conducted to gather preliminary
      information about how health care chaplains' experience and understand "quality"
      and "quality improvement" in spiritual care. The study revealed that many
      chaplains feel a tension inherent in the task of measuring spiritual care
      services; how does one evaluate interactions that may seem ineffable? The study
      also enumerated chaplains' creative efforts, often shaped by institutional
      contexts and cultures, to address these difficulties in measuring spiritual
      services. To encourage local efforts to improve the quality of spiritual care and
      increase chaplains' contributions to improving health care quality, this article
      focuses on these context-specific projects and ideas. It also makes general
      recommendations aimed at promoting the development of promising practices for the
      field.

PMID- 19994608
TI  - Prayer as coping: a psychological analysis.
AB  - Engaging in prayer and holding positive attitudes toward religion are empirically
      associated with personal wellbeing, health, and the relief of distress. This
      paper starts with those findings and builds on the Jamesian concept of prayer as
      "inward communication or conversation with a power recognized as divine." Within
      this framework, the paper employs selected, well recognized psychological
      constructs to offer a theoretical explanation of how and why prayer contributes
      to the relief of distress, and to the health and psychological wellbeing of the
      person who engages in prayer.

PMID- 19994609
TI  - Bikkur Holim: the origins of Jewish pastoral care.
AB  - This paper surveys classical Jewish texts--from the Hebrew Bible through Medieval
      codes--regarding the concept and practice of Bikkur Holim, literally, "the sick
      visit." How does this literature understand this ethical, religious act; who are
      the practitioners; what are their objectives? Although the Hebrew Bible does not
      contain a biblical precedent or legal mandate for Bikkur Holim, various
      categories of pastoral actions are traced in midrashic and talmudic texts. Their
      nuances are examined closely and a conceptualization of Jewish pastoral care is
      identified in a work by thirteenth century rabbi, jurist and physician,
      Nahmanides. Ezekiel 34 is proposed as the source for the rabbinic term, Bikkur
      Holim, as well as the conceptual understanding of Jewish pastoral care. Finally,
      the author posits various questions regarding the implication of his findings on
      the conduct of Jewish pastoral care, the value of spiritual assessment, and the
      nature of chaplaincy work in our various religious traditions.

PMID- 19994610
TI  - Transforming chaplaincy: the emergence of a healthcare pastoral care for a post
      modern world.
AB  - This article provides a snap shot of the current position and recent developments
      in chaplaincy in health care settings particularly in England, Scotland, the
      United States of America and Australia in order to guide the emerging
      modernization agenda in the Australian context, and to assist the acceleration of
      the local adoption of best practice in pastoral care. Over all, the picture is
      one of change. As hospitals develop to meet new performance expectations services
      that work within the hospital system, such as chaplaincy and pastoral care, must
      also adapt. Rather than chaplaincy being discarded as marginal during these
      changes, recent research evidence supports the inclusion of pastoral care in
      holistic health care. Demographic changes also mean that pastoral care needs to
      have an emphasis on spiritual support if it is to respond to patients of other
      faith traditions or with secular beliefs.

PMID- 19994611
TI  - Change in pastoral skills, emotional intelligence, self-reflection, and social
      desirability across a unit of CPE.
AB  - Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) is experiential learning of the art and science
      of pastoral care. CPE students increase capacities in psychological strengths
      such as self-awareness and empathy, and improve skills in interpersonal and inter
      professional relationships. Previous research has documented different kinds of
      change and experiences for students depending on the length of the CPE unit
      (short/intensive vs. long/extended). The current study involves CPE students who
      have taken either an intensive unit or an extended unit and compares the average
      amount of change in pastoral skills, emotional intelligence, self-reflection, and
      insight while controlling for the influence of social desirability. Intensive and
      extended unit students were different from each other in terms of age and
      experience, beginning level of pastoral skill, and amount of change in the
      measured abilities. Limitations and strengths of this study and the need for
      future research are discussed.

PMID- 19994612
TI  - Spirituality's role in chronic disease self-management: sanctification of the
      body in families dealing with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Sanctifying the Body (imbuing the body and its care with spiritual significance)
      is associated with pro-healthy behaviors and may be associated with adherence in
      families with chronic diseases. Our objective was to determine this construct's
      relevance to cystic fibrosis (CF) families and test the reliability and validity
      of a shortened Sanctification measure. The "Sacred Qualities of the Body" and
      ''Manifestation of God in the Body" scales were completed by parents (N=92) and
      adolescents with CF (N=32) in a CF Clinic or by mail. Internal consistency
      reliability and factor analysis were performed on the parent sample. Parents and
      adolescents endorsed the construct. Internal consistency and validity was shown
      for adults and factor analysis showed two factors. Adolescent interest in an
      electronic spirituality chatroom correlated with increased sanctification.
      Sanctification is a relevant, measurable construct representing an under
      appreciated aspect of the web of values contributing to adherence and health and
      bears further examination.

PMID- 19994613
TI  - [Hypertension and the surgical patient].

PMID- 19994614
TI  - [Knowledge of perioperative risk associated with use of medicinal plants].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess physicians' knowledge of perioperative risk for patients
      who consume medicinal plants. To review interactions between drugs and the main
      medicinal plants with a view to justifying a plan for preoperative intervention.
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: Surgeons and anesthesiologists were sent an e-mail survey
      with questions on knowledge of and attitudes toward surgical patients'
      consumption of medicinal plants. At the same time, we performed a literature
      search on the species of plants that can interact with anesthetic and surgical
      processes. The species included were Allium sativum, Ephedra sinica, Echinacea
      purpurea, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Hypericum perforatum, Piper methysticum,
      Glycyrrhiza glabra and Valeriana officinalis. The focus of the search was on
      indications for the use of these plants and their interactions with drugs.
      RESULTS: The questionnaire was sent to 131 physicians. The response rate was
      80.5%. Twenty-two physicians had trained in Spanish hospitals and 3 in hospitals
      abroad. Medicinal plants were believed to be effective by 55%, but 78% did not
      ask patients about their use. Only 3% knew the interactions of some of the plants
      mentioned in the survey and only 7% knew that the use of some should be suspended
      before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Medicinal plants are currently being used in our
      culture. In spite of appropriate warnings from such scientific bodies as the
      American Society of Anesthesiologists on timing the withdrawal of medicinal
      plants before surgery, our results indicate that the advice is not followed. We
      also found that physicians lacked knowledge of the indications for using these
      plants and their interactions, a situation which is alarming.

PMID- 19994615
TI  - [Supreme laryngeal mask airway vs the I-gel supraglottic airway in patients under
      general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation with no neuromuscular block: a
      randomized clinical trial].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway (SLMA) and the I-gel Supraglottic
      Airway (IGSA) are recently introduced devices incorporating a gastric channel.
      This study assessed the ease of insertion of the devices and their efficacy in
      mechanical ventilation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients undergoing
      major outpatient surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to 2 groups for
      intubation using the SLMA or the IGSA. After induction of general anesthesia, the
      assigned mask was inserted and positioning was checked with a fiberoptic scope.
      Ease of insertion was evaluated. Seal pressure was measured and the following
      ventilatory parameters were recorded 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the start of
      surgery: peak pressure, mean pressure, compliance, and the ratio of tidal volume
      to respiratory frequency. Conditions at the moment of inserting the nasogastric
      tube were also noted. RESULTS: First-attempt placement of the airway was possible
      in 95.2% of patients using the SLMA and in 86% using the IGSA (P = .147). The
      mean times required for placement were 27.1 seconds for the SLMA and 32.5 seconds
      for the IGSA (P = .195). The nasogastric tube was inserted on the first attempt
      in 97.6% of patients with an SLMA and in 85.7% of patients with an IGSA. The mean
      times required for tube insertion were 9.5 seconds through the SLMA and 22.1
      seconds through the IGSA (P < .001). Seal pressure and compliance were similar in
      the 2 groups at the start of surgery and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes. The
      incidences of complications during surgery and at 90 minutes were likewise
      similar (P = .945 and P = .698, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The SLMA and the IGSA
      are easy to put into position on the first attempt. It is easier to insert the
      nasogastric tube through the gastric channel of the SLMA. Both devices provide an
      effective seal and the incidences of complications were similar for both in the
      patients we studied.

PMID- 19994616
TI  - [Validity and reliability of bladder ultrasound imaging for noninvasive
      estimation of urine volume in a major outpatient surgery department].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of bladder ultrasound imaging
      for noninvasive estimation of urine volume, residual volume after voiding, volume
      before anesthetic induction and after surgery, and volume on sensing an urge to
      void. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Study of a prospective series of 47 ASA 1-3 patients
      aged 18 to 79 years undergoing major outpatient surgical procedures under general
      anesthesia (n = 24) or regional anesthesia and sedation (n = 23). Urine volume
      was measured at baseline and on recovery (bladder volume by ultrasound and voided
      volume in a flask) and at the end of surgery (ultrasound only). The reliability
      and validity of the ultrasound estimation was calculated. RESULTS: Agreement
      (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) between 4 ultrasound-image estimations
      at baseline and the measured amount collected in a flask ranged from 0.70 to
      0.86. The inter- and intra-measurement reliability was high, with ICC values
      greater than 0.80. The median error of estimation by ultrasound, with respect to
      measurement in the flask, was 23% at baseline and 29% after recovery. The amount
      in the flask was greater. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound monitoring of urine in the
      bladder is reliable and valid, particularly for small volumes. The procedure is
      tolerated by patients.

PMID- 19994617
TI  - [Efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII for massive bleeding after cardiac
      surgery: experience with 32 patients].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa)
      to treat massive bleeding refractory to conventional treatment following cardiac
      surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 32 adults who underwent
      cardiac surgery and received rFVIIa to treat life-threatening postoperative
      bleeding after conventional means of correcting coagulopathy had failed. RESULTS:
      After administration of rFVIIa (90 microg x kg(-1), coagulation parameters soon
      became normal and blood loss decreased, with drainage going from a mean (SD) of
      463 (321) mL in the hour when rFVIIa was infused to 155 (101) mL in the next hour
      (P < .001). Blood loss decreased by between 22% and 90% (mean, 66%), and the
      reduction was over 75% in 45% of the patients. Decreases in the transfusion of
      packed red blood cells (from 7A.4 [4.1] units to 2.7 [ 2.9] units; P < .001),
      plasma (from 4.7 [2.9] units to 1.6 [2.0] units; P < .001), and platelets were
      also noted. Mortality was 25%, although only 1 patient died from hemorrhagic
      shock. One patient developed thromboembolic complications (ischemic stroke).
      CONCLUSION: rFVIIa was effective in treating refractory bleeding after cardiac
      surgery, reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements and restoring blood
      parameters to normal.

PMID- 19994618
TI  - [Hypertension and anesthesia: consensus statement of the Catalan Associations of
      Anesthesiology and Hypertension].
AB  - The prevalence of hypertension is high in the surgical population. Differing
      practices and the absence of consensus among physicians involved in caring for
      hypertensive patients has made it one of the most frequent reasons for cancelling
      scheduled surgery. The aim of this consensus statement is to outline a practical
      approach to managing the hypertensive surgical patient. Hypertension is
      associated with increased risk of perioperative complications, particularly those
      related to systemic effects and notable fluctuations in blood pressure during
      surgery. Preoperative assessment should center on a search for signs and symptoms
      of target organ damage. The anesthesiologist should seek to reduce perioperative
      fluctuations in arterial pressure, particularly guarding against sustained
      hypotension. After surgery, antihypertensive medication should be resumed as soon
      as possible.

PMID- 19994619
TI  - [Postoperative complications in a man with San Filippo syndrome anesthetized for
      multiple tooth extraction].
AB  - San Filippo syndrome is a hereditary lysosomal disorder resulting in the
      accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (mucopolysaccharidosis type II). A deficit in
      the enzyme required to break down heparan sulfate leads to its deposition in the
      connective tissue of many organs, particularly the brain, liver, heart, and
      spleen. The first symptoms-including mental deterioration, dimorphism, and
      behavioral changes such as hyperkinesis and aggressivity-present in childhood.
      Because this rare disorder has many anesthetic implications, we report the case
      of a 20-year-old man with San Filippo syndrome who underwent multiple tooth
      extraction under general combined anesthesia and a block of the second and third
      branches of the trigeminal nerve. This anesthetic combination provided
      satisfactory surgical conditions and recovery from anesthesia was rapid.
      Following surgery the patient developed a respiratory infection that led to
      severe respiratory failure and death.

PMID- 19994620
TI  - [Postoperative hyponatremia in pediatric patients].
AB  - Fluid replacement therapy for pediatric patients in the past 50 years has meant
      the infusion of hypotonic solutions in amounts calculated using the Holliday
      Segar formula. Recent studies have focused attention on the incidence of
      postoperative hyponatremia and associated morbidity and mortality rates,
      generating debate on the advisability of perioperative fluid therapy and calling
      into question both the effectiveness of this strategy and the quantities used. We
      report 3 cases of hyponatremic encephalopathy in children following different
      types of minor surgery. Free water excretion by the kidneys is known to be a
      conditioning factor in this therapy, yet the ideal way to provide pediatric fluid
      therapy is still hotly debated. The question cannot be resolved until large
      randomized clinical trials are carried out to compare the use of hypotonic and
      isotonic solutions. Some general recommendations can be offered, however, in the
      interest of lowering the incidence of electrolyte disturbances and diminishing
      their repercussions.

PMID- 19994622
TI  - [Serotonin syndrome after administration of mirtazapine in a critical care unit].

PMID- 19994621
TI  - [Efficacy of procainamide in the treatment of refractory ventricular
      fibrillation: report of 4 cases and a review of the literature].
AB  - Ventricular fibrillation is the most common malignant arrhythmia, found in up to
      55% of patients who go on to experience cardiac arrest. Only monophasic or
      biphasic defibrillation has been shown to be effective. The efficacy of
      antiarrhythmic drugs is much lower and depends on how much time has elapsed since
      the onset of symptoms. In patients with persistent ventricular fibrillation
      refractory to shocks, treatment options are limited. We report 4 cases in which
      procainamide was administered at a dosage of 17 mg/kg in 1 minute. Heart rhythm
      was restored and pulse rate recovered in less than 3 minutes in all cases.

PMID- 19994623
TI  - [Emergency cesarean section in a woman with an arteriovenous malformation].

PMID- 19994624
TI  - [Iatrogenic tracheal rupture].

PMID- 19994625
TI  - [Conversion disorder after general anesthesia].

PMID- 19994626
TI  - [Perioperative management of a pheochromocytoma in a pediatric patient: use of
      transesophageal Doppler echocardiography].

PMID- 19994627
TI  - [Continuous spinal analgesia in obstetrics: an effective alternative to epidural
      anesthesia].

PMID- 19994628
TI  - [Acute aortic dissection: utility of transesophageal echocardiography during
      surgery].

PMID- 19994629
TI  - [Fat embolism with neurologic dysfunction during hip arthroplasty in a patient
      with a patent foramen ovale].

PMID- 19994630
TI  - Social marketing: a toolkit, a profession or a political diversion?

PMID- 19994631
TI  - Better NHS healthcare during and after the recession.

PMID- 19994632
TI  - Taxing times for health care?

PMID- 19994633
TI  - Online health information.

PMID- 19994634
TI  - Prison health.

PMID- 19994635
TI  - All change please...social marketing.

PMID- 19994636
TI  - Scepticism meets Persuasion on the road to better health: an allegorical
      interlude.

PMID- 19994637
TI  - Addressing obesity through social marketing: 'Liverpool's challenge'.

PMID- 19994638
TI  - Proving the power of social marketing: the UK's growing evidence base.

PMID- 19994639
TI  - Being there: public health needs a public face.

PMID- 19994640
TI  - Time to reassert public health's core brand values.

PMID- 19994641
TI  - Can social marketing bring about long-term behaviour change?

PMID- 19994642
TI  - The nature, development and contribution of social marketing to public health
      practice since 2004 in England.
AB  - Social marketing is a highly systematic approach to health improvement that sets
      out unambiguous success criteria focused on behaviour change. This paper reviews
      the key concepts and principles of social marketing and its recent rapid
      development across government in England in the public health field. This paper
      outlines the role of the National Social Marketing Centre and concludes with a
      discussion of the probable future impact of social marketing on public health
      practice. The paper argues that there is a close ideological match between social
      marketing and liberal democratic imperatives. Social marketing's focus on
      outcome, return on investment and its emphasis on developing interventions that
      can respond to diverse needs, means it is probable that social marketing will
      increasingly be required by governments as a standard part of public health
      programmes.

PMID- 19994643
TI  - The integration of health promotion and social marketing.
AB  - The urgency and scale of contemporary health challenges are enormous. The review
      It's Our Health! published in 2006 found that social marketing had considerable
      potential to increase the effectiveness of health improvement work, with the
      intention that it should build on core health promotion principles and not
      replace them. Health promotion has, however, lost its focus and identity in
      recent years in some parts of the country, partly due to repeated organizational
      change, and it has suffered from a lack of proactive workforce development. Over
      the last year, the National Social Marketing Centre (NSMC) and the Shaping the
      Future of Health Promotion Collaboration (StFofHP), hosted by the Royal Society
      for Public Health (RSPH), have explored the relationship between social marketing
      and health promotion and led a debate with stakeholders. A Delphi consultation
      with an expert panel drawn from specialists and strategic leaders in several
      settings, and the academic community, is currently under way and will report in
      the autumn. Findings so far emphasize the wide variation in understanding and
      interpretation of the two skill sets, much confusion about definitions and what
      added value both health promotion and social marketing bring to health
      improvement. Some of the distinctive contributions of both are described in this
      paper.

PMID- 19994644
TI  - Evaluating social marketing: lessons from ShowCase.
AB  - In April 2009, the National Social Marketing Centre launched its new case study
      resource, ShowCase: a collection of 40 best practice social marketing programmes,
      predominantly from the UK. The process of collecting and researching these case
      studies has provided a unique opportunity to look at the current state of
      'evaluation' within the field of social marketing. This paper shares some of the
      observations made during the review, exploring common challenges faced when
      evaluating social marketing. It also provides recommendations for improving this
      process to guide future social marketing delivery.

PMID- 19994645
TI  - Increasing breastfeeding and reducing smoking in pregnancy: a social marketing
      success improving life chances for children.
AB  - AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate an intervention using social marketing
      principles to increase breastfeeding and reduce smoking during pregnancy in a
      population to improve life chances for children born in a town in north east
      England. METHOD: Breastfeeding and smoking cessation attendance rates were
      measured against targets set in a government-local health authority agreement.
      RESULTS: Targets were bettered in both breastfeeding and smoking cessation.
      CONCLUSION: This social marketing-based approach is successful.

PMID- 19994646
TI  - From service delivery to solution delivery: commissioning for health improvement.
AB  - The further division of responsibilities between commissioners and providers in
      England will have far-reaching consequences and opportunities for developing and
      enhancing health improvement. Commissioners will have the opportunity to craft
      local solutions to local issues. To be effective, these local responses need to
      tackle the core determinants of health and to build the social capital that is at
      the heart of all communities that enjoy high standards of health. This paper
      argues that the new arrangements mark an evolution of the Beveridge model of
      healthcare (centralized, top down and professionally prescribed) to a post
      Beveridge model characterized by it being decentralized, localized and utilizing
      professional skills in the pursuit of client and community satisfaction and
      engagement rather than a narrowly defined professional perspective. This paper
      indicates some of the key conceptual changes commissioners need to employ to take
      advantage of the emerging opportunities. It is argued that the new arrangements
      will only be fully effective if commissioners of health improvement programmes
      ensure they factor in health promotion and social marketing expertise, both in
      the strategic and operational phases of commissioning. Finally, predictions are
      made about changes in the values and characteristics of current health
      improvement organizations.

PMID- 19994647
TI  - [Patient autonomy becomes increasingly more important].

PMID- 19994648
TI  - [Open psychiatry: "Switzerland needs to catch up" (interview by Margrit Bachl)].

PMID- 19994649
TI  - ["Close up no one is normal"].

PMID- 19994650
TI  - [Living a normal life despite illness].

PMID- 19994651
TI  - [DRG--nursing diagnoses as an opportunity].

PMID- 19994652
TI  - ["Vanilla generation" must reconsider].

PMID- 19994653
TI  - [Recovery of the whole family].

PMID- 19994654
TI  - [Deepening and broadening professional competence (interview by Margrit Bachl)].

PMID- 19994655
TI  - [Because Andreas has swallowed his dagger (2)].

PMID- 19994656
TI  - [Pink, salmon, rhubarb juice].

PMID- 19994657
TI  - [Managing patients must to be learned].

PMID- 19994658
TI  - [The winds of freedom].

PMID- 19994659
TI  - [So, let us disturb now!].

PMID- 19994660
TI  - [Relaxation... in the hospital!].

PMID- 19994661
TI  - [Nadot coryphee].

PMID- 19994662
TI  - [The nightcap].

PMID- 19994663
TI  - [New flight].

PMID- 19994664
TI  - [No man is an island].

PMID- 19994665
TI  - [Alzheimer's disease: from a cantonal plan to a national plan?].

PMID- 19994666
TI  - [Interference of brain reserve on cognitive disorders].
AB  - The "Brain Reserve" hypothesis was raised after the analysis of the results of
      the first longitudinal surveys comparing in nuns the neuropsychological aging
      process and the post mortem brain pathological findings. Numerous discordances
      were discovered: a) Persons with high education, high IQ and complex working
      responsibilities could benefit of a healthy cognition until death while their
      neuro-pathological brain findings were concordant with the International
      pathological criteria of Alzheimer disease and b) Moreover the same persons with
      a high brain reserve suffering from Alzheimer Disease have late, atypical
      symptoms and signs of the disease explaining a delayed diagnosis. In these
      patients the progress of the disease is always quick and severe.

PMID- 19994667
TI  - [Falls in the elderly: think about cervical fracture!].
AB  - Cervical spine fractures are not uncommon in the geriatric population. Lower
      energy injuries could be responsible, like a simple fall. After an injury, a
      fracture should always be suspected in patients who complain of cervical
      tenderness, until proven otherwise. Simple and easily applicable guidelines, such
      as the NEXUS rules that has been validated in the elderly, could help to achieve
      a correct diagnosis. Most often, cervical immobilization by rigid collars is an
      adequate therapy and allows a satisfactory functional recovery.

PMID- 19994668
TI  - [Sarcopenia: a new geriatric hot topic].
AB  - Highly prevalent in the population older than 65 years, and leading to poor
      outcomes (functional decline and its related consequences), sarcopenia does not
      benefit yet either of a clear understanding of its patho-physiology. Its origin,
      its risk factors, its clinical presentation will be detailed. The diagnosis of
      sarcopenia imposes a clear identification of the risk factors, a specific
      muscular assessment, a pragmatic clinical approach. The treatment is based on
      nutritional supplements and/or drugs which to be active need to be associated to
      physical exercises of moderate intensity. Geriatricians are expecting new therapy
      to delay the consequences of sarcopenia, e.g. frailty and inability in daily
      living.

PMID- 19994669
TI  - [How to screen geriatric conditions in primary care?].
AB  - The ongoing aging of the population will lead to an increasing prevalence of
      chronic diseases and functional limitation. Preventative measures need to be
      promoted to prevent health care utilization and health costs explosion. Among
      these measures, those aimed at promoting early recognition of chronic conditions
      associated with functional decline, will have to be reinforced. This paper
      proposes simple, feasible, and efficient procedures to screen, in primary care
      practices, common geriatric conditions, as cognitive impairment, gait impairment,
      hearing and vision impairment or functional limitation.

PMID- 19994670
TI  - [Should we treat dyslipidemia in the elderly and the oldest old?].
AB  - Therapy of dyslipidemia in the elderly and the oldest old remains controversial.
      Several studies have shown benefits of statins on secondary prevention of
      cardiovascular disease in older adults up to 80 years, but data remain scarce
      after that age. Fewer studies have assessed the impact of statins in primary
      prevention in the elderly. Most studies have not included adults older than 75
      years, and absolute risk reduction is far lower compared to secondary prevention.
      Use of statins for primary prevention in this age group should be based on
      individual decision, taking into account patient's functional and cognitive
      status, comorbidities and other therapies to avoid drugs interactions, with the
      help of shared-decision making.

PMID- 19994671
TI  - [The TA-Swiss study on anti-aging medicine].
AB  - A comprehensive study of "anti-aging medicine" was conducted including a
      literature review and survey as well as interviews of international experts,
      practitioners and clinics in Switzerland, Japan and the United States. The
      objective of the study was: 1) to provide state of the art theoretical background
      and empirically validated anti-aging interventions; 2) to assess their impact and
      risks; 3) to provide recommendations for researchers, professionals and decision
      makers. Anti-aging medicine claims to be an individualized and futurist medicine,
      that focus on prevention, early detection and treatment of age-related
      pathologies, using latest medical technologies. Anti-aging medicine holds risks
      and opportunities, making it necessary to regulate, educate and carefully
      integrate anti-aging medicine's blooming global expansion.

PMID- 19994672
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency without anaemia].
AB  - Iron deficiency (ID) without anaemia frequently remains undiagnosed when symptoms
      are attributed to ID with anaemia. Serum ferritin is the primary diagnostic
      parameter, whereas <10 microg/l represent depleted iron stores, 10-30 microg/l
      can confirm ID without anaemia and 30-50 microg/l might indicate functional ID.
      In case of increased CRP or ALT, normal/elevated ferritin should be interpreted
      with caution. IV iron is indicated if oral iron is not effective or tolerated. At
      ferritin <10 microg/l, a cumulative dose of 1000 mg iron and at ferritin 10-30
      microg/l, a cumulative dose of 500 mg is advised. At ferritin 30-50 microg/l a
      first dose of 200 mg might be considered. Ferritin shall be reassessed not sooner
      than 2 weeks after the last oral or 8-12 weeks after the last IV iron
      administration.

PMID- 19994673
TI  - [Pediatric osteo-articular infections with negative culture results: what about
      Kingella kingae?].
AB  - Kingella kingae is an emerging pathogen that is recognized as a causative agent
      of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, primarily in infants and children. The
      bacterium is best detected by rapid inoculation in blood culture systems or by
      real-time PCR assays. Pathogenesis of the agent was linked recently to the
      production of a potent cytotoxin, known as RTX, which is toxic to a variety of
      human cell types. The locus encoding the RTX toxin is thought to be a putative
      virulence factor, and is, apparently, essential for inducing cytotoxic effects on
      respiratory epithelial, synovial and macrophage-like cells. Herein, we describe a
      novel real-time PCR assay that targets the RTX toxin gene. The assay exhibited a
      sensitivity of 30 c.f.u., which is 10-fold more sensitive than a previously
      published semi-nested broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR, and showed no
      crossreactivity with several related species and common osteoarticular pathogens.
      Its clinical impact is illustrated by three pediatric cases.

PMID- 19994674
TI  - [Where did the question mark go?].

PMID- 19994675
TI  - [Practicing medicine in an aircraft?].

PMID- 19994676
TI  - [On castration and sexual criminals (I)].

PMID- 19994677
TI  - [Soccer players with the flu, "spoiled children" and antivaccination rumors].

PMID- 19994678
TI  - [Out of body syndrome: from near-death experiences to laboratory studies].

PMID- 19994679
TI  - [The difficulties of state death].

PMID- 19994680
TI  - [Investigation on therapeutic effect and mechanism of acupuncture at Fengchi (GB
      20) and "Gongxue" for treatment of patients with vertebral-basilar
      insufficiency].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and
      western medicine on the patients with vertebral-basilar insufficiency (VBI), and
      investigate its mechanism. METHODS: According to the different velocity of blood
      flow recorded by Transcranial Doppler (TCD), sixty patients with VBI were divided
      into an acupunture group (31 cases) and a western medicine group (29 cases). In
      the acupuncture group, the patients were punctured at Fengchi (GB 20) and
      "Gongxue" (Extra). In the western medicine group, the patients were orally given
      the Flunarizine hydrochlorid capsules. Before and after two-week treatment, the
      clinical symptoms and related data of TCD were compared, analyzed and evaluated.
      RESULTS: The clinical symptoms were obviously improved in the acupuncture group,
      which was better than the western medicine group (P < 0.05). Acupuncture not only
      could up-regulate the velocity of vertebral-basilar blood flow (VBF) on the
      patients with slower VBF of peak-systolic phase (Vs), end-diastolic phase (Vd)
      and mean value (Vm), but also reduced the VBF on the patients with faster Vs, Vd
      and Vm. In comparison of the data before and after treatment, there were
      significantly differences in two groups (P < 0.05), however, there were no
      difference between the two groups (all P > 0.05). On the index of vascular
      pulsation (PI), resistance index (RI) and Vs/Vd, there were no difference in both
      groups before and after treatment (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncturing at
      Fengchi (GB 20) and "Gongxue" has bidirectional and beneficial function of
      regulation on the VBF, but no active role on the compatibility of vertebral
      basilar blood vessel.

PMID- 19994681
TI  - [Effect of catgut implantation at acupoint on gonadal hormone and beta-endorphin
      in patients of climacteric syndrome].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of catgut implantation at
      acupoint on climacteric syndrome (CS) and its mechanism. METHODS: Sixty cases
      were randomly divided into a catgut implantation group and a western medicine
      group, 30 cases in each group. The catgut implantation group was treated by
      catgut implantation at Shenshu (BL 23), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The
      western medicine group was treated by oral administration of Diethylstilbestrol
      tablet. Their therapeutic effects and changes of content of follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH), luteotrophic hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and beta-endorphin (beta
      EP) in serum were observed. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the
      catgut implantation group and 70.0% in the western medicine group with a
      significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, the
      beta-EP concentration in the catgutation implant group was significantly
      increased (P < 0.05), the FSH concentration was significantly reduced and E2
      concentration was significantly increased as compared with those in the western
      medicine group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Catgut implantation at acupoint
      has an obvious therapeutic effects on CS. It can significantly improve the
      ovaries function and has a favorable regulative action on the endogenous opioid
      peptides.

PMID- 19994682
TI  - [Observation on therapeutic effect of treatment for children with cerebral palsy
      by acupuncture].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment
      of children cerebral palsy with gaining in wisdom and activating channels method.
      METHODS: Sixty cases were randomly divided into a gaining in wisdom and
      activating channels group, a JIN's 3-needling group and a routine acupuncture
      group, 20 cases in each group. The gaining in wisdom and activating channels
      group was treated with point group of the head selected as main points combined
      with Dazhui (GV 14), Jinsuo (GV 8), Mingmen (GV 4), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Hegu (LI
      4), Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc., the JIN's 3-needling group was
      treated with Four-shen needling and Dazhui (GV 14), Shenzhu (GV 12), Fengfu (GV
      16), etc. were selected as main acupoints in the routine acupuncture group.
      Comprehensive Function Evaluation for Disabled Children was used for assessment
      of comprehensive function of disabled children. RESULTS: The total effective rate
      of 90.0% in both the gaining in wisdom and activating channels group and the
      JIN's 3-needling group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P
      > 0.05), were better than that of 60.0% in the routine acupuncture group (P <
      0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture treatment with gaining in wisdom and activating
      channels method can significantly improve the comprehensive function of disabled
      children with more obvious therapeutic effects.

PMID- 19994683
TI  - [Observation on theraputic effect of five-needle-in-nape acupuncture for
      treatment of poststroke pesudobulbar paralysis dysphagia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of five-needle-in-nape acupuncture
      treatment and the routine acupuncture treatment for poststroke pesudobulbar
      paralysis dysphagia. METHODS: Sixty cases were randomly divided into a five
      needle-in-nape (FNN) group and a routine acupuncture (RA) group (n=30 in each
      group). Ya-men (GV 15), Tianzhu (BL10), Zhiqiang acupoint (Extra) were needled
      and the training of swallowing was practiced when needling in FNN group. Lianquan
      (CV 23), Tongli (HT 5), Zhaohai (KI 6) were needled in RA group. The course of
      acupuncture treatment consisted of needling once time every day, six times a week
      for two weeks. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after two courses of
      acupuncture treatment. RESULTS: The effective rate was 93.3% in FNN group, better
      than that of 80.0% in RA group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect in
      FNN group was better than that of RA group for poststroke pesudobulbar paralysis
      dysphagia.

PMID- 19994684
TI  - [Clinical observation on therapeutic effect of combination of acupuncture and
      ginger-partition moxibustion for treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of the combined method of
      acupuncture and ginger-partition moxibustion with that of routine western
      medicine on the patients with cardiac arrhythmia. METHODS: Seventy-five patients
      with cardiac arrhythmia were randomly divided into an observation group (38
      cases) and a control group (37 cases). In the observation group, the patients
      were treated at Neiguan (PC 6) with acupuncture, and Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu (BL
      20), Gongsun (SP 4) etc. with ginger-partition moxibustion. In the control group,
      the patients were given the routine western medicine for cardiac arrhythmia, such
      as Metoprolol, Propafenone and Aspirin (enteric solubility). Through the 2-4
      courses of treatment and 1 year follow-up survey, the therapeutic effect,
      recurrence and complication on the patients were observed and compared between
      the both groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate of 97.4% in the observation
      group was better than that of 81.1% in the control group (P < 0.05). The serious
      recurrence rate and complication occurred in the observation group were lower
      than those of the control group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic
      effect of the combined method of acupuncture and ginger-partition moxibustion on
      the patients with cardiac arrhythmia is obviously better than that of routine
      western medicine.

PMID- 19994685
TI  - [Observation on therapeutic effect of dog-day acupuncture and moxibustion
      combined with pelvic floor muscle exercises for treatment of female stress
      urinary incontinence].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of dog-day acupuncture and tortoise
      shell moxibustion combined with pelvic floor muscle exercises for treatment of
      female stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: Seventy one cases were randomly
      divided into two groups. Thirty six cases in the observation group were treated
      with acupuncture on Zhongji (CV 3), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Chize (LU 5) etc. and
      tortoise-shell moxibustion on Shenque (CV 8) combined with pelvic floor muscle
      exercises; while thirty five cases in the control group were treated with only
      pelvic floor muscle exercises. The scores of the International Consultation
      Committee on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICI-Q-SF) and the Medical
      Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) were evaluated before and after treatment,
      and the scores of SF-36 were also compared with 35 cases in normal group.
      RESULTS: The total effective rate of 91.7% in the observation group was higher
      than that of 77.1% in the control group (P < 0.05). The dimensions of SF-36 of
      stress urinary incontinence patients were remarkably lower than those of normal
      group (all P < 0.05). The scores of ICI-Q-SF were decreased while the scores of
      SF-36 were increased obviously after treatment in both the observation group and
      the control group, there were pronounced improvements on physiological function,
      pain, physical activity, social function and affection function in the
      observation group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The quality of life for female
      stress urinary incontinence patients may be poor, however the dog-day acupuncture
      and tortoise-shell moxibustion combined with pelvic floor muscle exercises can
      improve the symptoms of urinary incontinence and increase the quality of life of
      patients.

PMID- 19994686
TI  - [Observation on therapeutic effect of muscular needling combined with scarring
      moxibustion on active stage of rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of muscular needling combined with
      scarring moxibustion on active stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Sixty
      cases of RA were randomly divided into a muscular needling group and a medication
      group, 30 cases in each group. The muscular needling group was treated by
      muscular needling on Quchi (LI 11), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. combined with
      scarring moxibustion on Dazhui (GV 14), Zusanli (ST 36) etc., while the
      medication group was treated by oral administration of Diclofenac sodium and
      intramuscular injection of Methotrexate. The therapeutic effects, main symptoms
      and signs, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and rheumatoid factor were
      observed in two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: The total effective
      rate of muscular needling group was 76.7%, and that of medication group was
      73.3%, there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). The
      clinical symptoms, signs, and E8R of two groups were improved obviously compared
      with those before treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), however there were no
      significant differences between the two groups after treatment (all P > 0.05).
      The adverse reactions of medication group were more eminent compared to the
      muscular needling group. CONCLUSION: Muscular needling can obviously relieve the
      symptoms and signs of active stage rheumatoid arthritis and the effect is
      equivalent to oral administration of western medicine, the incidence of adverse
      reactions in the muscular needling group is obviously lower than that of western
      medication. Muscular needling is a safe and effective method for treatment of RA.

PMID- 19994688
TI  - [Discussion on primary meaning of acupuncture manipulation].
AB  - The process of acupuncture treatment is the regulation process of gi after
      acupuncturist insert the needle in the acupoints. Regulation of qi must be
      implemented on the premise of that the conditions of channels-collaterals and
      acupoints are clearly distinguished, and only through slight changes of qi after
      the needle is inserted can we perceive their functional state such as deficiency
      and excess, cold and heat, etc. The core of these series of manipulation can be
      represented by promoting flowing of qi, arrival of gi, keeping qi,
      differentiation of qi and regulating qi. This present article systematizes the
      manipulation process, expounds afresh the significance of arrival of qi and
      method of differentiation of qi according to clinical practical application and
      provides train of thought for correct understanding of the true meaning of
      acupuncture manipulation and grasping of their core content.

PMID- 19994687
TI  - [Observation on therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2)
      combined with blood-letting and cupping on herpes zoster].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect differences between
      electroacupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) combined with blood-letting plus cupping and
      western medicine therapy. METHODS: Fifty-three cases were randomly divided into
      an observation group (n=31) and a control group (n=22). The observation group was
      treated by electroacupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) combined with blood-letting with
      a plum-blossom needle at the affected parts plus cupping, once each day. The
      control group was treated by oral administration of Valaciclovir Hydrochlordide,
      Indomethacin, Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B12. RESULTS: The cured and markedly
      effective rate of 96.8% in the observation group was better than that of 81.8% in
      the control group (P < 0.05), and improvements of pain, pruritus, burning
      sensation and sleep in the observation group were superior to those of the
      control group (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2)
      combined with blood-letting and cupping is a better therapy for herpes zoster and
      its therapeutic effect is better than that of routine western medicine therapy.

PMID- 19994689
TI  - [Biophysical characteristics of moxibustion].
AB  - In recent years, investigation focusing on biophysical characteristics of
      moxibustion results in advancement. The investigations aiming at elucidating the
      mechanism of maoxibustion from the angle of biophysics show that the
      effectiveness of moxibustion results not only from thermal effect, but also from
      the combine effects of spectral radiation, bio-thermal effect and non-thermal-bio
      effect. Currently, multi-discipline techniques are applied in research about
      biophysical characteristics of moxibustion which received broad attention. These
      researches show a good way and method to elucidating the mechanism of
      moxibustion; furthermore, they provid experimental evidence for the advancement
      in clinical practices and the research and design of imitating moxibustion
      instruments. This paper states the researches focusing on the effect of
      moxibustion on local body temperature, the infrared spectrum characteristics of
      moxibustion, bio-thermal effect and energy conversion of moxibustion, bio-heat
      transfer of moxibustion and microcirculation.

PMID- 19994690
TI  - [Clinical experiences on acupuncture for treatment of cerebellar ataxia after
      stroke].
AB  - To introduce the authors' clinical experiences on acupuncture for treatment of
      cerebellar ataxia after stroke. Through the past five years in clinical practice,
      the authors summed up and classified a series of treatment protocols based on
      personal clinical experiences. And these treatment protacols applied to treat
      cerebella ataxia after stroke are: needling in row at occipitoposterior region;
      scattered needling at forehead, vertex of head and temporal area; skillful
      application of acupoints for opening orifices or restoring resuscitation;
      combination of cervical Jiaji points (cervical paravertebral points), and body
      acupuncture according to the syndrome differentiation etc., which showed
      preferable therapeutic effect in clinic.

PMID- 19994692
TI  - [Effects of acupuncture on the luteal function of rats with dysfunctional embryo
      implantation].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of acupuncture on the luteal function of rats
      with dysfunctional embryo implantation, and investigate its mechanism. METHODS:
      The early pregnant female rats were randomly divided into a normal control group,
      a model group, an acupoint group and a non-acupoint group. The model rats with
      dysfunctional embryo implantation were established with Mifepristone. For
      acupuncture treatment, bilateral "Housanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) were
      selected in the acupoint group, while the points around the acupoint were used in
      the non-acupoint group. In this experiment, the levels of luteinizing hormone
      (LH), estrodiol (Es) and progesterone (P) in serum were tested with radioimmunity
      method, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovary was
      examined with immunohistochemical assay and Western-blot, and also, the mRNA
      expression of VEGF and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in ovary were detected
      with RT-PCR. RESULTS: The levels of LH and P in serum, as well as the expression
      of VEGF, VEGF mRNA and LHR mRNA in ovary in the acupoint group were significantly
      higher than those in the model group and the non-acupoint group (P < 0.05), but
      there was no obvious difference from that of the normal control group.
      CONCLUSION: Acupuncturing at "Housanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) can
      increase the levels of LH and P in the serum, and up-regulate the expression of
      VEGF, VEGF mRNA and LHR mRNA in ovary, which may enhance the luteal function of
      rats with dysfunctional embryo implantation and improve its embryo implantation.

PMID- 19994691
TI  - [Influence on electroacupuncture at "Qiangzhuang" acupoints for neuro-immune
      regulation of sub-acute aged rats].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture for anti
      aging. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (female and male take one half for
      each), 3-month old, were divided into a control group, a model group, a routine
      electroacupuncture group (current intensity, 1 mA) and a strong
      electroacupuncture group (current intensity, 4.5 mA), 10 rats in each group. The
      model of aged rats was established by D-galactose in the latter three groups. The
      acupoints of "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) were used for
      electroacupuncture treatment, six times per week for 4 weeks. After that, the
      level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the serum, as well as the expression of
      neuropeptide Y mRNA (NPY mRNA) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) in the periventricular
      hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) were examined and compared between each group.
      RESULTS: In comparison of the control rats, the model rats expressed with the
      lower level of NPY mRNA in PVN, higher levels of IL-6 in the serum and IL-6R in
      PVN, which is different from each other (P < 0.05). In both routine
      electroacupuncture group and strong electroacupuncture group, the level of NPY
      mRNA in PVN was up-regulated, in contrast, the levels of IL-6 in the serum and IL
      6R in PVN were cut down, which were different from those of the model group (both
      P < 0.05). Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of the strong electroacupuncture
      group is different from that of the routine electroacupuncture group (P < 0.05).
      CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture at "Qiangzhuang" acupoints plays an active role to
      slow down the aging process on the sub-acute aged rats through regulating the
      function of neuro-immune system, and the therapeutic effect of strong stimulation
      is better than that of routine stimulation.

PMID- 19994693
TI  - [Prophylactic effect of acupuncture on nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic
      operation].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the prophylactic effect of acupuncture Neiguan (PC 6) on
      nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic operation. METHODS: One hundred patients
      with laparoscopic gastrointestinal operation were randomly divided into an
      acupuncture group and a control group, 50 patients in each group. The operation
      was carried out with the combined infusion and inhalation anesthesia. The
      patients in the acupuncture group were being punctured at bilateral Neiguan (PC
      6) before anesthesia and during the operation. The needles were extracted after
      operation, and the acupoints were covered with opaque tape. In contrast, the
      patients in the control group only accepted tape covering without acupuncture.
      After operation, all patients were given the self-controlled intravenous
      analgesia, and followed up at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h for recording the incidence
      rate of the nausea, retching and vomiting, then scoring with VAS. RESULTS: At 6
      h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h after operation, in the acupuncture group, the incidence
      rates of the nausea were 12.0%, 6.0%, 6.0% and 2.0%, and the incidence rates of
      the retching were 0, 0, 2.0% and 2.0%, respectively; in the control group, the
      incidence rates of the nausea were 28.0%, 20.0%, 12.0% and 2.0%, and the
      incidence rates of the retching were 2.0%, 6.0%, 2.0% and 0, respectively. At 6
      h, 12 h after operation, the incidence rates of the nausea and retching in the
      acupuncture group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05, P <
      0.001). The vomiting was not happened in both groups. There was no difference
      between the two groups according to the scoring with VAS. CONCLUSION:
      Acupuncturing at Neiguan (PC 6) can reduce the incidence rates of the patients'
      nausea and retching after laparoscopic operation, especially in 24 h.

PMID- 19994694
TI  - [Pathogenesis of "pain due to meridian fullness" and its application in
      acupuncture treatment of pain syndrome].
AB  - "Pain due to meridian fullness" is one of the pathogenesis of pain proposed by
      Plain Questions, however there is no attention being paid to it in the later
      ages. This article arrives at a conclusion that the pathogenesis of "pain due to
      meridian fullness" is due to luxus yang and heat, blood stasis with qi stagnation
      and disturbance of qi-movement, similarly, its syndrome differentiation and
      treatment principle were studied. It is proposed that "pain due to meridian
      fullness" could be seen in acute soft tissue injury, arthritis of heat type,
      headache, qigong deviation and other diseases. It has a close relationship with
      the state of pain facilitation of nervous system. The article also shows that
      "taking away firewood from under cauldron" is the treatment principle for the
      pathogenesis of pain, and cites some clinical cases to illustrate, and enrich the
      theory of treating pain syndrome with acupuncture.

PMID- 19994695
TI  - [Editorial explanation on the state standard The Name and Location of Acupoints
      (2006, edition)].
AB  - To tie in with extension and application of The Name and Location of Acupoints
      (GB 12346-2006), the present paper introduces the difference between The Name and
      Location of Acupoints (GB 12346-2006) and Location of Points (GB 12346-90), and
      expounds the changes of standard name, body position and term of direction when
      locating the acupoint and stylistic rules, and introduces the revision of
      concrete contents which include setting of primary standard acupoints, regulation
      of bone-length measurement, regulation of the nomenclature of some meridians and
      meridian acupoints, the location of some meridian acupoints and regulation of
      some acupoints, some main problems which needed to be further studied are also
      explores.

PMID- 19994696
TI  - [Application of "Acupuncture Manipulation Information Analyzing System" in
      acupuncture manipulation education].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the application of analyzing systems and techniques in
      acupuncture manipulation education that may improve students' acupuncture
      manipulation skills. METHODS: The teacher's acupuncture manipulation (TAM) was
      recorded in wave, data and video information by the Analyzing System. Students
      practised, adjusted and corrected their manipulation skills according to the TAM.
      After finishing the training sessions, the system's grading function evaluated
      every student's performance. RESULTS: After training, the stability of the
      students' acupuncture manipulation skills and their achievement were both
      significantly improved (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Analyzing System
      benefits for imitating and learning the manipulations of specilists and can
      improve the education quality.

PMID- 19994697
TI  - [Analysis on infusing and retaining qi from eight methods of treating diseases in
      Jinzhen Fu].
AB  - Through study of Internal Classic and Yijing (The Book of Changes) combined with
      clinical experiences, the author analyzes characteristics of indications treated
      by eight methods in Jinzhen Fu ,manipulations as well as clinical applications of
      infusing and retaining qi, and believes that indications treated by eight methods
      includ coldness, heat, deficiency, excess and illness of qi, blood, body
      liquid(viscera), as well as meridians, collaterals, blood vessels. And eight
      methods have respective speciality according to their corresponding indications.
      The manipulations of eight methods, expecially infusing and retaining qi, are
      complete. Therefore, only tracing to the source in understanding and recognition
      of manipulations and keeping with the indications could show the original meaning
      of Jinzhen Fu, and then got perfect clinical therapeutic effect of eliminating
      diseases as soon as exertion of the needle.

PMID- 19994698
TI  - [Clinical observation on therapeutic effect of the pressing plantar reflex area
      with wooden needle for treatment of patients with insomnia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of wooden needle on the patients
      with insomnia. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with insomnia were
      randomly divided into a wooden needle group and a western medicine group, 60
      cases in each group. In the wooden needle group, the patients were treated with
      wooden needle to press the plantar reflex areas, such as cerebellar, throid and
      cerebral areas. In the western medicine group, Alprazolam was taken orally.
      Before and after treatment, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to
      evaluate the therapeutic effect of both groups. RESULTS: The total therapeutic
      effect was 100.0% in the wooden needle group, while it was 90.7% in the western
      medicine group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P >
      0.05). Compared with PSQI before and after treatment, there was difference in the
      both groups (All P < 0.01), but there was no difference between the two groups (P
      > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of wooden needle is similar to that
      of Alprazolam on the insomnia, indicats that wooden needle is a better therapy
      for treating insomnia.

PMID- 19994699
TI  - [Analysis on adverse effects of acupuncture in clinical practices].
AB  - Aiming at raising awareness of preventing adverse effects of acupuncture in
      clinical practices, such cases were studied from the angle of therapy methods,
      the factors of patients constitution and practitioners. The findings showed that
      adverse physical and chemical effects of acupuncture increased in modern times
      because of multifactorial reasons, for instance, the introduction of modern
      medicine, the differences of individual constitution and the practitioners. This
      suggests that to decrease adverse cases acupuncture practitioners should be an
      expert not only in traditional Chinese medicine, but also in western medicine,
      such as anatomy, and pharmacology.

PMID- 19994700
TI  - [Progresses of study on correlativity of qi-arrival of needling with clinical
      therapeutic effect and its action mechanism].
AB  - Arrival of qi, an important component of traditional theory of acupuncture and
      moxibustion, is the key factor in determining clinical therapeutic effect of
      acupuncture. The authors summarize the indication of qi-arrival, correlativity of
      qi-arrival with clinical therapeutic effect and its action mechanism through
      reviewing modern clinical research. At present, there is more subjective in the
      study on qi-arrival, so the key problem in research on qi-arrival is how the qi
      arrival state is measured by an objective quantization standard. The cerebral
      function imaging, a new technique, may be used in objectification research on qi
      arrival.

PMID- 19994701
TI  - [Maternal breast feeding, an all-around solution in crises situations].

PMID- 19994702
TI  - [Sources of violence, from childhood to adolescence].

PMID- 19994703
TI  - [Evaluation of sorrow in childhood, a challenge for nurses].

PMID- 19994704
TI  - [Perinatal psychopathology for renewing child-parent bonding].

PMID- 19994705
TI  - [Psychometrics, vitality and emotion].

PMID- 19994706
TI  - ["We have entered an era where one "constructs" intelligent medications according
      to the disease"].

PMID- 19994707
TI  - [Descriptive epidemiology of the cancers of childhood].

PMID- 19994708
TI  - [Risk factors for the cancers of childhood].

PMID- 19994709
TI  - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemias in children, care and long term prognosis].

PMID- 19994710
TI  - [Central nervous system cancers in childhood].

PMID- 19994711
TI  - [Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

PMID- 19994712
TI  - [Clinical research in pediatric oncology, what is the partnership with the
      parents?].

PMID- 19994713
TI  - [Harmonizing the practical role of nurses in the central venous channel on
      childhood oncologic hematology].

PMID- 19994714
TI  - [Easing sadness in pediatric oncology].

PMID- 19994715
TI  - [Attending to a child at the end of life, at home and in the hospital].

PMID- 19994716
TI  - [The complex work of pediatric oncology].

PMID- 19994717
TI  - [The Oasis, a respite house for pediatric palliative nursing].

PMID- 19994718
TI  - [Becoming an adult after treatment for cancer in childhood].

PMID- 19994719
TI  - [Birth of twins and other children in the family].

PMID- 19994720
TI  - [7/12. Strange bodies low aerial pathways in childhood].

PMID- 19994721
TI  - [7/7. Medically assisted reproductive techniques].

PMID- 19994722
TI  - Advanced new neurosurgical procedure using integrated system of intraoperative
      MRI and neuronavigation with multimodal neuroradiological images.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to describe the newly-established technique in the
      field of neurological surgery for fusion imaging of three-dimensional magnetic
      resonance image (3D-MRI) and/or three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) for
      brain tumor surgery. Combining neuronavigation technology and intraoperative MRI,
      this method remarkably demonstrates spatial relationships of neurovascular
      structures and/or skull base landmarks and is very useful for intraoperative
      evaluation of completed neurosurgical operations. Using the navigation system and
      intraoperative MRI during surgery, it is possible to resect the brain tumor
      maximally and preserve essential neurological functions. Furthermore, advanced
      multimodal neuroradiological images such as functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion
      tensor imaging (DTI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography
      (PET) clearly demonstrate the dominant cortex including the speech center,
      primary motor gyrus, primary sensory gyrus, and support high-quality operation
      with less invasive surgery. In conclusion, multimodal neuroradiological images
      are very useful for invasive noncircumscribed brain tumors such as glioma and, in
      combination with such highly technological analyses, advanced neurosurgical
      procedures are possible.

PMID- 19994723
TI  - A novel p53-dependent apoptosis function of TARSH in tumor development.
AB  - A target of NESH-SH3/Abi3bp (TARSH) was originally identified as an SH3 domain
      binding molecule of the NESH-SH3/Abi3 protein that is involved in Rac-dependent
      actin polymerization. In recent studies, TARSH gene expression was dramatically
      induced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) replicative senescence and
      suppressed in human lung carcinoma specimens and thyroid carcinomas. However, the
      molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of TARSH in tumorigenesis remains
      unclear. Here, we address a p53-dependent apoptosis function of the mouse TARSH
      gene using RNAi-mediated suppression of endogenous TARSH expression. Our results
      will be useful in the discovery of a novel therapeutic target in lung carcinoma.

PMID- 19994724
TI  - Changes in activities of daily living, physical fitness, and depressive symptoms
      after six-month periodic well-rounded exercise programs for older adults living
      in nursing homes or special nursing facilities.
AB  - A 6-month, twice weekly, well-rounded exercise program (47 sessions in total)
      comprised of a combination of aerobic, resistance and flexibility training was
      provided for institutionalized older adults aged 60 to 93. We analyzed the data
      of 18 older adults who could stand and had attended more than 10% of the classes
      (mean participation rate: 54%) to examine changes in activities of daily living
      (ADL), physical fitness tests and depressive moods. The mean (+/- standard
      deviation, range) age of the participants was 71.3 (+/- 15.6, 60-93) in men and
      85.9 (+/- 5.8, 72-93) in women. Significant improvement in ADL of the hand
      manipulation domain and borderline significant improvement in ADL of the mobility
      domain were observed (McNemar test p = 0.011 and 0.072, respectively). A 6-minute
      walk distance increased significantly from 151.6 m to 236.6 m (p = 0.01, paired t
      test), and the result of the Soda Pop test, which tests hand-eye coordination,
      also improved significantly from 35.2 sec to 25.3 sec (p = 0.01, paired t-test).
      These findings suggest that such a program could be effective in improving the
      ADL and physical fitness of the elderly.

PMID- 19994725
TI  - Mutated ras induced PLD1 gene expression through increased Sp1 transcription
      factor.
AB  - The underlying mechanisms of oncogene-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activation
      have not been fully elucidated. The effect of the mutated-ras on PLD mRNA was
      examined using colon cancer cell lines as well as mock- and mutated ras
      transfected NIH3T3 cells. Ras-mutation and activation were correlated, and cells
      with enhanced ras-activation showed increased PLD1 mRNA and protein. Analysis of
      the 5' PLD1 promoter using a representative cell line, DLD-1 and also mutated ras
      NIH3T3, showed one Sp1-site as the important ras-responsible motif. Spl
      inhibition with mithramycin A and Spl siRNA inhibited PLD1 protein expression and
      its promoter activity. Sp1 but not Sp3 protein level and increased Sp1-motif
      binding activity were correlated with ras activation. Furthermore, overexpression
      of Sp1 in drosophila SL2 cells lacking Sp family proteins increased PLD1 promoter
      activity. EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the importance
      of Sp1 protein binding to the Sp1-motif in ras-induced PLD1 mRNA expression.

PMID- 19994727
TI  - Autogenous bulk structural bone grafting for reconstruction of the acetabulum in
      primary total hip arthroplasty: average 12-year follow-up.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to assess the clinical and radiographic
      results of primary cemented total hip arthroplasty with acetabular bone grafting.
      Twenty patients (21 hips) were included in the current study: two males and 18
      females with a mean age at surgery of 54.5 years (range 40-66 years). The mean
      duration of follow-up was 12 years (range 8-15 years). The diagnosis for all hips
      at surgery was secondary osteoarthritis due to developmental dysplasia. The
      degree of subluxation as categorized according to the classification of Crowe et
      al. was 11 hips in group I, 6 in group II, and 4 in group III. The Harris hip
      score was used for clinical evaluation. Standard anteroposterior radiographs were
      used for radiographic evaluation. The mean Harris hip score improved from 45.0
      (range 24-60) before surgery to 90.4 (range 77-100) at the final follow-up. The
      mean proportion of the socket covered by the bone graft was 23.1% (range 9.8
      42.3%). At the final follow-up, three sockets showed radiological evidence of
      loosening. No revision surgery was undertaken during the investigation period
      since those patients had only mild pain and did not request surgery. Autogenous
      bulk structural bone grafting for reconstruction of the acetabulum yielded
      favorable results during a mean follow-up of 12 years, provided that the
      proportion of coverage of the graft was less than 50%.

PMID- 19994726
TI  - Baseline data of Shizuoka area in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative
      Cohort Study (J-MICC Study).
AB  - The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study launched in
      2005 by ten research groups throughout Japan aimed to examine gene-environment
      interactions in lifestyle-related diseases, especially cancers. This paper
      describes one component of the J-MICC Study, named Shizuoka Study, in which
      visitors aged 35 to 69 years to the Seirei Preventive Health Care Center in
      Hamamatsu were enrolled. Among 13,740 visitors matching eligibility criteria,
      5,040 persons (36.7%) were enrolled from January 2006 to December 2007. Their
      lifestyle, disease history, and family history were surveyed using a self
      administrated questionnaire. Blood and urine were collected from the
      participants. By the end of December 2008, 8 withdrawers and 1 ineligible
      participant had been removed, leaving 5,031 participants (3,419 males and 1,612
      females) as the baseline dataset. Current smokers were 23.3% among males, and
      4.4% among females, and those who drank once or more per month were 76.9% and
      38.6%, respectively. Those with a cancer history were 3.0% for males and 3.8% for
      females. Measurements out of a normal range in males and females were 11.3% and
      4.0% for diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg, 11.0% and 7.6% for systolic
      blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg, 5.9% and 1.7% for fasting blood glucose > or =
      126 mg/dl, respectively. Collected information and specimens will be
      cooperatively used to examine the associations of biomarkers with lifestyle,
      genotypes, and their combinations, as well as for a part of the J-MICC Study.

PMID- 19994728
TI  - Interleukin-8 T-251A polymorphism was associated with positive anti-p53
      antibodies in Uzbekistan population.
AB  - Interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory chemokine, has been reported to have
      angiogenic activity and to be responsible for tumor-associated angiogenesis in
      several cancers. The polymorphism IL-8 T-251A (rs4073) is known to be associated
      with the expression of IL-8 protein and is related to several cancers. A serum
      anti-p53 antibody, a new tumor marker, increases in accordance with the mutation
      of tumor suppressor gene p53. Previous studies have reported the association
      between IL-8 and p53 mutation in cancer cells or tissues. Therefore, we
      hypothesized that IL-8 polymorphism might be associated with serum anti-p53
      antibody levels. Study subjects were 197 participants (103 males and 94 females,
      aged 15 to 56 years) who were enrolled in a case-control study on peptic ulcer
      disease from January to March 2007 in the Uzbekistan Republic. Serum anti-p53
      antibody, CEA, and CA19-9 levels were measured, and IL-8 T-251A was genotyped.
      The A allele frequency in control subjects was 0.48, which is close to the
      previous reports for Caucasian populations. The proportion of subjects with
      positive anti-p53 antibodies (higher than 1.3 U/ mL) was greater for AA genotype
      carriers compared to T allele carriers (17% for AA, and 6% for TA+TT; OR 3.4, p =
      0.025 after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity and ethnicity). Such a difference
      was not observed for either CEA or CA19-9. We demonstrated that the IL-8 -251 AA
      genotype was associated with higher anti-p53 antibodies than those of the
      reference range. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether those with this
      genotype carrier are susceptible to malignant diseases.

PMID- 19994729
TI  - From economic to human capital.

PMID- 19994730
TI  - Positioning public health for future success in Canada.

PMID- 19994731
TI  - "Truly alarming": cholera in 1832.

PMID- 19994732
TI  - Pandemic influenza (H1N1): our Canadian response.
AB  - The emergence of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in spring 2009 has provided a
      real test to the pandemic preparations that Canada, other countries and the World
      Health Organization have undertaken. Although formidable challenges remain,
      Canada is as well prepared as any country to address the second wave of the
      pandemic expected in the fall.

PMID- 19994734
TI  - Predicting geographical human risk of West Nile virus--Saskatchewan, 2003 and
      2007.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To detail the use of a model to predict areas of low, medium, and
      high risk of West Nile virus (WNV) in humans in both 2003 and 2007 in the
      province of Saskatchewan. To identify consistent high-risk areas from year to
      year as well as important environmental variables within those high-risk areas.
      METHODS: The number of laboratory-confirmed WNV individuals was obtained from
      Saskatchewan Health by rural municipality. The population at risk was obtained
      from Statistics Canada by rural municipality. Climate and habitat variables were
      incorporated into a discriminant analysis model with the production of risk maps
      as an end product. RESULTS: The discriminant analysis models had testing
      classification accuracies of 67% in 2003 and 44% in 2007. Climate and habitat
      variables remained important in all models while some habitat variables were less
      important in 2007. Risk maps from historically trained 2007 model revealed a
      southwest to northeast decreasing trend of risk. CONCLUSION: The models could be
      useful for indicating areas of high risk on a year-to-year basis or based on
      historical data. High-risk regions are characterized by less rainfall in June and
      July followed by higher temperatures in July and August with less vegetation and
      water coverage than low-risk regions.

PMID- 19994733
TI  - Cost analysis of public health influenza vaccine clinics in Ontario.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Public health in Ontario delivers, promotes and provides each fall the
      universal influenza immunization program. This paper addresses the question of
      whether Ontario public health agencies are able to provide the influenza
      immunization program within the Ministry of Health fiscal funding envelope of $5
      per dose. METHODS: Actual program delivery data from the 2006 influenza season of
      Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health (WDGPH) were used to create a model
      template for influenza clinics capturing all variable costs. Promotional and
      administrative costs were separated from clinic costs. Maximum staff workloads
      were estimated. Vaccine clinics were delivered by public health staff in
      accordance with standard vaccine administration practices. RESULTS: The most
      significant economic variables for influenza clinics are labour costs and number
      of vaccines given per nurse per hour. The cost of facility rental was the only
      other significant cost driver. The ability of influenza clinics to break even
      depended on the ability to manage these cost drivers. At WDGPH, weekday flu
      clinics required the number of vaccines per nurse per hour to exceed 15, and for
      weekend flu clinics this number was greater than 21. We estimate that 20 vaccines
      per hour is at the limit of a safe workload over several hours. Managing cost
      then depends on minimizing hourly labour costs. DISCUSSION: The results of this
      analysis suggest that by managing the labour costs along with planning the volume
      of patients and avoiding expensive facilities, flu clinics can just break even.
      However, any increased costs, including negotiated wage increases or the move to
      safety needles, with a fixed revenue of $5.00 per dose will negate this
      conclusion.

PMID- 19994735
TI  - Identification of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infection in British
      Columbia from 1991 to 2007.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the chronic HBV/HCV co-infection identification rate in
      British Columbia, and examine the demographic characteristics, the order of virus
      identification, and trends of co-infection over time. METHODS: All newly
      identified cases of chronic HBV/HCV co-infection between 1991 and October 2007
      were extracted from the BC integrated Public Health Information System.
      Differences according to sex and order of hepatitis identification were evaluated
      using chi-square, t-tests, and ANOVA. RESULTS: Of 1,815 HBV/HCV co-infected
      residents, 71.6% were male and the mean age at co-infection diagnosis was 40.5
      years (95% CI, 40.0-41.0; range 3-85 years). Among all persons identified with
      HCV infection, 3.1% were identified as co-infected with HBV and 5.2% of all
      chronic HBV-infected were diagnosed with HCV. Annual co-infection identification
      rates peaked at 5.3 per 100,000 in 1996. Females were significantly younger when
      they were first diagnosed with a hepatitis virus (p=0.0005) at 35.2 years (95%
      CI, 34.0-36.5; range 3-79 years) than males at 37.9 years (95% CI, 37.0-39.7;
      range 4-85 years). The majority of co-infections consisted of concurrent
      diagnoses until 2003; since then, the number of co-infected cases identified with
      HBV first, HCV first and concurrent virus identification is similar. DISCUSSION:
      HBV/HCV co-infection identification rates have declined since the late 1990s, but
      appropriate testing and identification for both viruses are important. Some co
      infection cases may be prevented through HBV vaccination and harm reduction
      activities for those with or at risk for HCV.

PMID- 19994736
TI  - Gender and remission of mental illness.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: There is a well-established association between gender and the
      prevalence of mental illness. The objective of this study was to determine
      whether gender also influences the timing of remission from illness. The
      regression analysis undertaken considered remission in terms of all ICD-9 mental
      disorders (codes 290-314). This analysis compares males and females on average
      length of treatment for mental illness and examines whether any gender
      differences in remission are generalized or disorder specific. METHODS: The
      statistical analysis was based on longitudinal (1990-2001) administrative data on
      5,118 females and 2,470 males. The target population represented all individuals
      with an ICD-9 diagnosis of mental illness who were treated through the Medical
      Services Plan in British Columbia. The regression analysis used the generalized
      estimating equations method to model differences in length of treatment. RESULTS:
      There was a non-significant bivariate relation between gender and the timing of
      remission from mental illness. However, the multivariate findings demonstrated
      that a significant gender effect on remission emerges after controls were
      introduced for demographic and socio-economic characteristics. In particular, the
      timing of remission was somewhat longer for females. This effect was generalized
      and not restricted to specific illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of a
      significant effect after considering demographic and socio-economic
      characteristics suggests that a social disadvantage within the male sample (more
      single males) was suppressing a small negative effect of female gender on the
      timing of remission. In other words, a social disadvantage among males concealed
      an unexplained female disadvantage in remission.

PMID- 19994737
TI  - Use of vitamin and mineral supplements among Canadian adults.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and determinants of use of vitamin and
      mineral supplements among adult Canadians. METHODS: Data from adult respondents
      of the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle (CCHS) 2.2 were used. Participants
      were asked about their use of vitamin and mineral supplements in the month prior
      to being surveyed. The prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplement use was
      compared across various socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Logistic
      regression analysis was used to assess determinants of supplement use. RESULTS:
      In the month prior to the interview, 40.1% of adult Canadians took supplements.
      In the fully adjusted model, females of all ages were more likely to be users
      than males 19-30 years. Physical activity, fruit/vegetable consumption, and
      higher levels of household education and income were positively related to
      supplement use. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of adult Canadians take
      vitamin and mineral supplements. The use was more prevalent among those with
      healthier lifestyles and of socio-economically advantaged backgrounds. Further
      investigation is needed to reveal the impact of supplements on nutrient adequacy
      and health.

PMID- 19994739
TI  - Economic access to fruits and vegetables in the greater Quebec City: do
      disparities exist?
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine the cost of fruits and vegetables (FV) with respect to
      different food store types, urbanization level and material deprivation for
      various urban areas of greater Quebec City. METHODS: A sample of 85 food stores
      was selected. They represented five store types (small, conventional, and large
      grocery stores; greengrocers; convenience stores) in four geographic areas
      reflecting three different socio-economic levels. We identified three FV baskets
      (grocery, fresh FV, convenience) by drawing on data on household food spending
      and consumption, and food supply in the five store types. Four investigators were
      trained to conduct a survey of prices for the week of September 17-23, 2007.
      Analysis of variance and t tests were conducted to examine variations in food
      baskets with regard to the variables defined in this study. A chi-square test was
      used to measure the frequency distribution of stores throughout the greater
      Quebec City. RESULTS: Only food store type had a significant influence on FV
      cost: cost was much lower in large grocery stores and greengrocers. Convenience
      stores, where prices are higher, outnumbered all others in deprived urban areas,
      supporting the contention that there are inequities in economic access.
      DISCUSSION: Economic access to FV may differ by area in the greater Quebec City,
      putting rural inhabitants and less privileged urban dwellers at the greatest
      disadvantage; this may, in turn, contribute to health disparities. The results
      point to the need to improve our understanding of the way components of the food
      environment at the regional level affect social inequality.

PMID- 19994738
TI  - Building community and public health nursing capacity: a synthesis report of the
      National Community Health Nursing Study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: 1) To describe the community health nursing workforce in Canada; 2)
      To compare, across political jurisdictions and community health sectors, what
      helps and hinders community nurses to work effectively; 3) To identify
      organizational attributes that support one community subsector--public health
      nurses--to practise the full scope of their competencies. METHODS: Our study
      included an analysis of the Canadian Institute for Health Information nursing
      databases (1996-2007), a survey of over 13,000 community health nurses across
      Canada and 23 focus groups of public health policy-makers and front-line public
      health nurses. RESULTS: Over 53,000 registered and licensed practical nurses
      worked in community health in Canada in 2007, about 16% of the nursing workforce.
      Community nurses were older on average than the rest of their profession. Typical
      practice settings for community nurses included community health centres, home
      care and public health units/departments. To practise effectively, community
      nurses need professional confidence, good team relationships, supportive
      workplaces and community support. Most community nurses felt confident in their
      practice and relationships with other nurses and professionals, though less often
      with physicians. Their feelings about salary and job security were mixed, and
      most community nurses would like more learning opportunities, policy and practice
      information and chances to debrief about work. They needed their communities to
      do more to address social determinants of health and provide good quality
      resources. Public health nursing needs a combination of factors to succeed: sound
      government policy, supportive organizational culture and good management
      practices. Organizational attributes identified as supports for optimal practice
      include: flexibility in funding, program design and job descriptions; clear
      organizational vision driven by shared values and community needs; coordinated
      public health planning across jurisdictions; and strong leadership that openly
      promotes public health, values their staff's work and invests in education and
      training. CONCLUSION: The interchangeable and inconsistent use of titles used by
      community nurses and their employers makes it difficult to discern differences
      within this sector such as home care, public health, etc. Our studies also
      revealed that community nurses: thrive in workplaces where they share the vision
      and goals of their organization and work collaboratively in an atmosphere that
      supports creative, autonomous practice; work well together, but need time,
      flexible funding and management support to develop relationships with the
      community and their clients, and to build teams with other professionals; could
      sustain their competencies and confidence in their professional abilities with
      more access to continuing education, policies, evidence and debriefing sessions.

PMID- 19994740
TI  - Barriers to acceptance of self-sampling for human papillomavirus across
      ethnolinguistic groups of women.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Immigrant and low socio-economic (SES) women in North America
      underutilize Papanicolaou screening. Vaginal swab self-sampling for oncogenic
      human papillomavirus (HPV) has the potential to increase cervical cancer
      screening participation. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand
      the perceptions of lower SES and immigrant women regarding self-sampling for HPV.
      METHODS: Eleven focus-group interviews were conducted: one with Canadian-born
      English-speaking lower SES women, and two groups each with Arabic, Cantonese,
      Dari (Afghani), Somali and Spanish (Latino)-speaking women (one group conducted
      in English, the other in the native language) recently immigrated to Canada. Five
      to nine women aged 35 to 65 years and married with children participated in each
      group. RESULTS: Themes included 1) who might use self-sampling and why; 2)
      aversion to self-sampling and reasons to prefer physician; 3) ways to improve the
      appeal of self-sampling. Women generally perceived benefits of self-sampling and
      a small number felt they might use the method, but all groups had some
      reservations. Reasons included: uncertainty over performing the sampling
      correctly; fear of hurting themselves; concern about obtaining appropriate
      material; and concerns about test accuracy. Women preferred testing by a health
      care professional because they were accustomed to pelvic examinations, it was
      more convenient, or they trusted the results. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of self
      sampling for HPV were similar across cultures and pertained to issues of
      confidence in self-sampling and need for physician involvement in care. These
      findings can inform programs and studies planning to employ self-sampling as a
      screening modality for cervical cancer.

PMID- 19994741
TI  - Tobacco control interest groups and their influence on parliamentary committees
      in Canada.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine how tobacco control interest
      groups influence tobacco policy decision-making through submissions and
      presentations to parliamentary committees. METHODS: A qualitative content
      analysis was used to examine the presentations and submissions on tobacco-related
      legislation made to parliamentary committees between 1996 and 2004. The sample
      was identified from the public list of tobacco-related bills tabled in both the
      House of Commons and the Senate; the Government of Canada website and LEGISinfo
      were used to determine which committee reviewed the relevant bill. Committee
      clerks were asked to send submissions and presentations related to specific bills
      identified through LEGISinfo. Submissions and presentations were scanned and
      entered into QSR N6 software for coding. The coding instrument was adapted from
      previous studies employing qualitative content analysis. Montini and Bero's
      recommendations were used to evaluate the submissions and presentations. RESULTS:
      Tobacco control interest groups did present scientific evidence to support
      tobacco control. However, they underused credible witnesses to present
      information at meetings. The topics presented by tobacco control interests groups
      were usually relevant to the bill being discussed. DISCUSSION: Tobacco control
      interest groups employed some of the strategies suggested by Montini and Bero in
      their attempt to influence parliamentary committees through submissions and
      presentations. They did include scientific evidence in their submissions;
      however, they could improve their strategies in the area of using credible
      witnesses, such as scientists and medical experts. Incorporating Montini and
      Bero's recommendations into lobbying efforts may increase success in influencing
      committees.

PMID- 19994742
TI  - Risk factors for cessation of breastfeeding prior to six months postpartum among
      a community sample of women in Calgary, Alberta.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe the rates of breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding
      for at least six months and identify risk factors for failing to breastfeed for
      six months among a community sample of mothers in Calgary, Alberta. METHODS: A
      cohort of women (n=1737) who participated in a longitudinal study of prenatal
      support and who could be contacted when their child was three-years-old (n=1147)
      were invited to participate in a follow-up telephone questionnaire. Of these 1147
      women, 780 (69% participating rate) participated and provided breastfeeding data.
      Risk factors for early cessation of breastfeeding prior to six months were
      identified using bivariate and multivariable strategies. RESULTS: Of the 780
      women, 95.6% initiated breastfeeding and 71.6% continued to breastfeed for at
      least six months. Risk factors identified for early cessation included younger
      maternal age, obesity prior to pregnancy, lower maternal education, working full
      time or intending to within the first year, history of depression, depression or
      anxiety during pregnancy, poor social support, and smoking during pregnancy (all
      p<0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that working full-time or intending to
      within the first year, lower maternal education, obesity prior to pregnancy and
      anxiety during pregnancy most increased a woman's risk of early cessation (all
      p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Nearly all mothers initiated breastfeeding and 70% continued
      to breastfeed for six months, although subgroups of women remained at an elevated
      risk of early cessation. Research to better understand breastfeeding decisions
      among women with the risk factors identified is needed to facilitate the
      development of more effective breastfeeding promotion strategies.

PMID- 19994743
TI  - Public policy and breast-feeding: a straightforward and significant solution.
AB  - Ensuring working mothers' ability to breast-feed is crucial given that breast
      feeding substantially reduces infant morbidity and mortality while promoting
      maternal health. Working conditions, rules on the job, supervisors and co-workers
      can all raise or lower barriers to breast-feeding. Around the world, 127
      countries guarantee working women the right to breast-feed. Canada does not
      provide this assurance, despite the fact that the majority of infants are born to
      women in the labour force. This has profound implications for the health of
      infants and mothers alike. Solutions exist: extending current policies to ensure
      adequate maternity leave is available for all Canadians, legislating a right to
      breast-feed while working, and adapting workplaces to make this practical.

PMID- 19994744
TI  - Level of street involvement and health and health services use of Calgary street
      youth.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in health risks, health outcomes and health
      services use of Calgary street-involved youth by level of street involvement to
      inform services planning. METHOD: 355 street-involved youth (61% male, 26%
      Aboriginal) completed surveys at a variety of outdoor and agency locations: 46%
      currently lived on the street, 33% had lived on the street in the past, and 20%
      were street-involved but had not lived on the street. Odds Ratios (OR) adjusted
      for sex, ethnocultural group, and age group were calculated for each
      health/health risk and health service factor by level of street involvement.
      RESULTS: With the exception of condom use, significant health and health risk
      outcome differences were seen by level of street involvement. Use of hospitals
      and walk-in clinics did not differ significantly by level of street involvement;
      however, youth living on the street were less likely (OR 0.2) than those who had
      not lived on the street to use a physician during office hours, and those who had
      lived on the street were more likely (OR 10.1) to use mobile clinics, services
      that are targeted to street-involved people. CONCLUSION: Street-involved youth
      who had not lived on the street showed better health/health risk outcomes than
      those who currently or had lived on the street, and health services use showed
      some differences by level of street involvement. Public health and other service
      providers need to be cognizant of their role in providing prevention, safety or
      stabilization services for youth at different stages of street life.

PMID- 19994745
TI  - Psychometric properties of a scale focusing on perceived attributes of a health
      promoting school approach.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the psychometric
      properties of a newly-designed scale intended to measure the perceived attributes
      of a Health Promoting School initiative and its context in terms of factor
      structure, reliability and predictive validity. The scale was developed to
      explore possible predictors of the adoption of the Healthy School approach (HS)
      in Quebec. METHODS: Data were gathered from a 2007 cross-sectional study of 107
      schools and 141 participants (school principals and school health promotion
      delegates). The scale was based on 7 attributes borrowed from the theories on
      diffusion of innovation. The factor structure of the scale was tested by
      exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS: The final scale included
      14 items capturing 4 factors: school contextual barriers, collective efficacy,
      anticipated benefits and relative advantages. Reliability, in terms of internal
      consistency of the factors, ranged from a high of 0.85 to a low of 0.60. Three of
      the 4 factors significantly predicted HS adoption. CONCLUSION: Overall, the scale
      showed good psychometric properties and may be useful to assess the attributes
      that could influence the adoption of this type of initiative.

PMID- 19994746
TI  - Changes in the rates of alcohol- and drug-related hospital separations for
      Canadian provinces: 1996 to 2005.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to present the rates of drug-related hospital
      separations for amphetamines, alcohol, cocaine, cannabis and opioids for each
      province from fiscal years 1996 to 2005. METHOD: Data were drawn from Canada's
      Hospital Morbidity Database, a national electronic archive of all inpatient
      hospital admission records. All inpatient medical records with an alcohol- or
      drug-related diagnosis were abstracted for this study. RESULTS: Canadian rates
      increased during the 10-year period for all drugs; however, alcohol separations
      declined somewhat. The highest rates of drug and alcohol separations were most
      often found in BC, Alberta and the North. Nova Scotia and Newfoundland generally
      had the lowest rates of separations. CONCLUSION: The study provides a detailed
      provincial and national account of alcohol- and drug-related morbidity related to
      inpatient hospital admissions. The rates of alcohol-related admissions across all
      provinces were, by far, much greater than those associated with drug-related
      episodes. The data provide an important measure of the harms related to substance
      use in Canada.

PMID- 19994747
TI  - Response to "Apartheid in Canada".

PMID- 19994748
TI  - Influenza vaccine use in Nunavut: a brief overview of the uptake rates across the
      regions.

PMID- 19994749
TI  - Social inequalities in female mortality by region and by selected causes of
      death, England and Wales, 2001-03.
AB  - This article reports on social inequalities in female mortality by region and
      cause of death for women aged 25-59 years in England and Wales in the period 2001
      03. It is the first official compilation of detailed mortality statistics for
      women based on the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC). It
      is part of a series of articles measuring inequalities in adult mortality. The
      results demonstrate a strong socio-economic effect on the mortality of women in
      all regions. This pattern remained consistent between regions. There were marked
      differences in the socio-economic gradient by cause. Mortality rates for women in
      the least and most advantaged NS-SEC classes were similar for breast cancer. In
      contrast, compared to women in the most advantaged class, mortality rates were
      three times as high for the least advantaged women for lung cancer and
      cerebrovascular disease, around five times as high for ischaemic heart disease
      and all digestive diseases, and six times as high for respiratory diseases.

PMID- 19994750
TI  - Demographic, behavioural and socio-economic influences on the survival of retired
      people--evidence from a ten year follow up study of the General Household Survey,
      1994.
AB  - This article reports on a longitudinal analysis of a sample of residents who were
      aged 65 or over when interviewed for the 1994 General Household Survey. It
      investigates the associations between various personal characteristics as
      established at the interview and the probability of survival during a ten year
      follow-up period. Smoking was the most important factor of those measured in
      determining the likelihood of survival. Smokers at the time of the interview had
      a mortality risk, on average, 78 per cent greater than non-smokers. Non-drinkers
      and those who had less than one unit of alcohol per week at the time of the
      interview appeared to have a higher mortality risk than those who drank between
      one unit and the recommended government maximum per week. However, further
      analysis suggested that this result might be a product of the health status of
      individuals at the time of the interview. Type of housing tenure and region of
      residence were better predictors of mortality risk than occupation-based social
      class.

PMID- 19994751
TI  - Life expectancy at birth and at age 65 by local areas in the United Kingdom, 2006
      08.

PMID- 19994752
TI  - Excess winter mortality in England and Wales, 2008/09 (provisional) and 2007/08
      (final).

PMID- 19994753
TI  - Infant and perinatal mortality in England and Wales by social and biological
      factors, 2008.

PMID- 19994755
TI  - Struggling to find post-acute care for undocumented and uninsured immigrants.

PMID- 19994754
TI  - Infant and perinatal mortality by health areas in England and Wales, 2008.

PMID- 19994756
TI  - Finding discharge options for uninsured immigrants.

PMID- 19994757
TI  - Preceptors, mentors help CMs learn the way around.

PMID- 19994758
TI  - Interdisciplinary initiative reduces LOS by 2%.

PMID- 19994759
TI  - Multidisciplinary meetings lower LOS, excess days.

PMID- 19994760
TI  - Revamp process for sudden surges in registrations.

PMID- 19994761
TI  - [Endometriosis].

PMID- 19994762
TI  - [Endometriosis].
AB  - Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease of unknown aetiology which
      affects an estimated 10% to 15% of all premenopausal women. It is defined as the
      presence of endometrial tissue, consisting of both glandular epithelium and
      stroma, outside the uterine cavity. Three different clinical entities of
      endometriosis can be distinguished: peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian
      endometriosis and deep invasive endometriosis. There are several theories to
      explain their pathogenesis: metaplasia of the mesothelium, in situ development of
      Mullerian remnants in the rectovaginal area (deep-invasive lesions) or retrograde
      transplantation of shed menstrual effluent (peritoneal implants). The most widely
      accepted hypothesis for the development of endometriosis is retrograde
      menstruation. However, some other factor renders certain women susceptible to the
      implantation and growth of this ectopic endometrium.

PMID- 19994763
TI  - [Angiogenesis and endometriosis].
AB  - Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease of unknown aetiology.
      Angiogenesis appears to be one of the processes involved in its pathogenesis.
      Angiogenic factors are increased in the peritoneal fluid of patients with
      endometriosis (McLaren 1996 et al; Taylor et al, 2002), in peritoneal implants
      (Ferriani et al, 1993) and in ovarian endometriomas. On the other hand, some
      researchers have found that angiogenesis is related to pelvic pain. We speculated
      that ovarian endometriomas in patients presenting with pelvic pain would be more
      angiogenic than those in asymptomatic women and that their vascular features
      would therefore be different.

PMID- 19994764
TI  - [Proposal for a new microsurgical model for the study of induced endometriosis in
      Wistar rats. Preliminary results].
AB  - The current knowledge status on the patogenesis of endometriosis as well as
      devastating consequences of disease evolution in women's reproductive health,
      have promoted researchers advances in a great manner during last years. The
      immunologic and neangiogenesis systems implication have opened new ways of
      knowledge over classic theories from the beginning of the xx century. The
      experimental resesearch, using animal induction models. Below we explain the
      first steps a new induction model ("PGR1-HotDog"), based on Wistar rats using a
      new disease autogeneration system, created for te study of the early stages of
      the endometriosis.

PMID- 19994765
TI  - [Medicine and religion].

PMID- 19994766
TI  - Ultrasound study of the myoendometrial border.
AB  - Abnormal thickening of the Endometrial Subendometrial Myometrium Unit (ESEMy
      Unit, including basal endometrium and inner myometrium) has been detected on
      imaging and referred to as "diffuse adenomyosis" in infertile patients with
      proven endometriosis. However, no robust relationship exists between enlargement
      of the ESEMy Unit and adenomyosis proven on hysterectomy specimen examination;
      moreover, if any correlation exists, it lacks histological validation in women
      wishing to preserve fertility. While adenomyosis effects on fertility, if any,
      remain elusive, thickening of the ESEMy Unit have been consistently linked to
      fertility impairment in both experimental and clinical models. The hypothesis
      tested herein is that a novel condition exists, called "ESEMy Unit disruption
      disease"; it is epidemiologically different from adenomyosis, diagnosable on
      imaging and bears a clear impact on human fertility through various mechanisms. A
      new wave of good quality studies may be elicited by a clear distinction between
      adenomyosis and the "ESEMy Unit disruption disease".

PMID- 19994767
TI  - [Diagnosis of endometriosis].
AB  - There are no sufficiently sensitive and specific signs and symptoms or diagnostic
      tests for the clinical diagnosis of endometriosis, and no diagnostic strategy is
      supported by evidence of effectiveness. Pelvic and rectal examinations should be
      performed, although the yield of the physical examination is low. Laboratory
      tests and radiological examinations are usually not warranted. Measurement of CA
      125 levels may be useful for monitoring disease progress, and MRI has a high
      sensitivity in detecting endometrial cysts but poor diagnostic accuracy for
      endometriosis in general. Patients with persistent symptoms after empirical
      treatment should be referred for laparoscopy, the preferred method for diagnosis
      of endometriosis.

PMID- 19994768
TI  - [Basic research into endometriosis. Are we going in the right direction?].
AB  - Endometriosis is a common gynaecological syndrome of unknown aetiology. The most
      widely accepted hypothesis for the development of endometriosis is retrograde
      menstruation. However, some other factor renders certain women susceptible to the
      implantation and growth of ectopic endometrium. Angiogenesis appears to be one of
      the process involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Angiogenic factors are
      increased in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis in peritoneal
      implants and in ovarian endometriomas. We believe that the optimal serum marker
      should be used to monitor the response of new antiangiogenic agents in
      endometriosis treatment.

PMID- 19994769
TI  - [Treatment for endometriosis].
AB  - Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the
      uterus, which induced a chronic inflammatory reaction. Endometriosis is
      associated with severe dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain,
      ovulation pain, cyclical, or perimenstrual symptoms, with or without abnormal
      bleeding, infertility, and chronic fatigue. Therapies can be useful to relieve
      and sometimes solve the symptoms, encourage fertility, eliminate endometrial
      lesions, and restore the anatomy of the pelvis. For medical therapy, several
      different preparations (oral contraceptives, progestogenics, gestrinone, danazol,
      and GnRHa) and new options (GnRH antagonists, aromatase inhibitors, estrogen
      receptor beta agoinist, progesterone receptor modulators, angiogenesis
      inhibitors, and COX-2 selective inhibitors) are available.

PMID- 19994770
TI  - [Treatment to conserve fertility in a patient diagnosed with deep pelvic
      endometriosis].

PMID- 19994771
TI  - [The interests of the medical class].

PMID- 19994772
TI  - Modulating effect of microflora metabolites of the human and animals on lymphoid
      tissue culture.

PMID- 19994773
TI  - Protective properties of chlorocresacine against adverse impact of
      electromagnetic radiation.

PMID- 19994774
TI  - Chronic stress induces nonapoptotic neuronal death in the rat hippocampus.

PMID- 19994775
TI  - The role of the key enzymes of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway in the
      effect of oxidized glutathione and glutoxim on intracellular Ca2+ concentration
      in macrophages.

PMID- 19994776
TI  - Cataleptogenic effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice.

PMID- 19994777
TI  - Morphofunctional study of injured spinal cord of rats after activation of
      serotonergic receptors and motor load.

PMID- 19994778
TI  - Involvement of phosphatidylinositol kinases in the effect of oxidized glutathione
      and drug glutoxim on Na+ transport in frog skin.

PMID- 19994779
TI  - Postischemic administration of HLDF-6 peptide ameliorates cognitive dysfunction
      and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.

PMID- 19994780
TI  - Endo- and exocytosis of vesicles in the intramural nerve fibers of the rat right
      atrium.

PMID- 19994781
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase and NADPH-diaphorase activity in the nervous system and
      receptor organs of nemerteans.

PMID- 19994782
TI  - Changes in the specific density of leaves of Eurasian plants along the aridity
      gradient.

PMID- 19994783
TI  - The most northeastern find of the zygodont mastodon (Mammut, Proboscidea) in
      Asia.

PMID- 19994784
TI  - Zones of contact and joint occurrence of three chromosomal races of the common
      shrew Sorex araneus L. (Mammalia) in the southern Valdai Hills.

PMID- 19994785
TI  - The role of hyobranchial skeletal elements in the Rhipidistian intracranial
      kinetism mechanism.

PMID- 19994786
TI  - Decreasing the measurable concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the water of
      the experimental systems containing Ceratophyllum demersum: the phytoremediation
      potential.

PMID- 19994788
TI  - Summer production of copepods in the Barents Sea.

PMID- 19994787
TI  - Jasmonic acid and tomato resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne
      incognita.

PMID- 19994789
TI  - Relationship between the abundance of small pelagic fishes and the phytoplankton
      biomass as an indicator of the state of the pelagic ecosystem of the Black Sea.

PMID- 19994790
TI  - Radiation events in the subfamily Arvicolinae (Rodentia): evidence from nuclear
      genes.

PMID- 19994791
TI  - Initial data on the level of thyroid hormones (thyroxin, triiodthyronine) and
      thyrotropic hormone of the hypophysis in the hemolymph of king crabs from the
      Barents Sea.

PMID- 19994792
TI  - Effect of the flow turbulence on the movement pattern of the caudal fin in fish.

PMID- 19994793
TI  - Mathematical model of seasonal agrophytocenosis productivity based on terrestrial
      and satellite monitoring.

PMID- 19994794
TI  - Influence of beta-endorphin on preimplantation development of mouse embryos in
      vitro.

PMID- 19994795
TI  - The use of laser for obtaining recipient cytoplasts for mammalian nuclear
      transfer.

PMID- 19994796
TI  - O-aminoazotoluene suppresses hepatocyte proliferation in inbred mice susceptible
      to hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 19994798
TI  - Analysis of the evidence behind the ESVS guidelines for the invasive treatment of
      carotid stenosis.
AB  - The European Society for Vascular Surgery has recently published updated
      guidelines for the invasive treatment of carotid disease. The recommendations
      were rated according to the level of evidence (A: randomized controlled trials,
      B: well-conducted clinical studies, C: expert opinion). The following document
      summarizes the evidence on which these recommendations were based, in order to
      keep physicians from various disciplines updated on the advances in the field of
      the invasive management of carotid disease.

PMID- 19994797
TI  - Involvement of NF-kappaB transcription factor in the antiinflammatory activity of
      thymic peptides.

PMID- 19994799
TI  - Assessment of high intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of prostate
      cancer.
AB  - The optimal treatment for localized prostate tumours remains unknown. The
      standard curative options (radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy) are not free
      of significant complications and risks. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)
      appears to be an alternative. It is currently used as primary treatment for
      patients with localized prostate cancer T(1-2) N(0-x) M0, mostly low and
      intermediate risk, not suitable for surgery and as salvage treatment for locally
      proven recurrence of prostate cancer after curative therapy. In Belgium, it is
      estimated that about 730 patients (0.8% of all new prostate cancer patients) were
      treated with this new technology at 4 hospitals in the years 2000 to 2008. Given
      the increasing use of HIFU, this study was conducted to assess the current
      evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of HIFU and to examine its role
      in the management of prostate cancer. A standard literature review showed that
      there is currently not sufficient evidence to support routine use of this new
      treatment modality. In order to obtain FDA approval, two multicentric non
      randomized controlled trials comparing HIFU with cryotherapy and brachytherapy
      have been started in the U.S. and are now recruiting patients. Until more
      evidence becomes available, KCE recommends to limit the use of HIFU treatment to
      study setting. Future research is recommended in the form of comparative studies,
      preferably randomized controlled trials.

PMID- 19994800
TI  - Diabetes and peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - The risk of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is increased in diabetic patients,
      occurs earlier and is often more severe and diffuse. Endothelial dysfunction,
      vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, inflammation and hypercoagubility are
      the key factors in diabetic arteriopathy. The presence of PVD, apart from its
      increased risk of claudication, ischemic ulcers, gangrene and possible
      amputation, is also a marker for generalized atherosclerosis and a strong
      predictor for cardiovascular ischemic events. However, despite the recognition
      that PVD is associated with increased ischemic event rates and death,
      particularly in diabetic patients, this specific manifestation of systemic
      atherosclerosis is largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. In type-1 diabetes,
      early intensive insulin treatment reduces both microvascular (nephropathy,
      retinopathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications of diabetes
      (DCCT/EDIC study). In type-2 diabetes, UKPDS showed that tight glucose control
      reduces micro- and macrovascular complications, when therapy is started early
      after diagnosis and that early intervention has long lasting protective effects.
      However recently published trials (ADVANCE, ACCORD and VADT) pointed out that
      lowering glycemic targets to nearly normal glycaemia does not further reduce
      cardiovascular events in individuals with longstanding type 2 diabetes and that
      hypoglycaemia is to be avoided in individuals with ischemic heart disease.
      Finally, the small but important Steno-2 trial demonstrated that to significantly
      reduce peripheral vascular disease, ischemic events and mortality in type-2
      diabetes, intensified multifactorial treatment of all modifiable risk factors is
      needed. Therefore, to prevent micro- and macrovascular complications, like PVD,
      in type-1 and type-2 diabetes, intensive therapy, targeting glycemia and all
      other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, should be initiated as soon after
      diagnosis as possible and maintained in a safe way throughout life.

PMID- 19994801
TI  - A retrospective study of 74 laparoscopic repairs of abdominal incisional hernias.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: A laparoscopic procedure is used more and more frequently to treat
      incisional hernia with the potential benefits of shorter hospitalisation and a
      decrease in postoperative pain. The purpose of this retrospective study was to
      analyse the results of the laparoscopic treatment of incisional hernia at our
      institution and to identify potential risk factors for recurrence. METHODS: The
      medical data (pre-operative, peri-operative, and postoperative) of patients who
      received a laparoscopic repair of their incisional hernia between January 2003
      and February 2007 were recorded. The follow-up was based on a retrospective
      analysis of the information found in the patients' medical records. RESULTS:
      Seventy-four laparoscopic interventions were performed on 71 patients. Polyester
      implants with an average size of 412.16 cm2 were used to cover the hernia. The
      mean operative time was 76.8 +/- 55.6 min (range, 20 to 295 min) and the mean
      duration of post-operative hospitalisation was 3.75 +/- 2.3 days (range, 2 to 12
      days). One breach in the small intestine (1.4%) (sutured with 3/0 silk thread)
      and 1 conversion to laparotomy (1.4%) for a voluminous incisional hernia occurred
      during surgery. The post-operative morbidity was 8.2%, the rate of long-term
      complications was 27%, and 13 recurrences (including 3 with complications) were
      noted (17.6%) during a mean follow-up of 13 months. There was no postoperative
      mortality. Recurrences were linked to the use of large meshes corresponding to
      large incisional hernia diameter (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the
      morbidity/mortality rates are acceptable, technical improvements must be found to
      reduce the recurrence rate, in particular for large incisional hernias.

PMID- 19994802
TI  - Early thoracoscopy for the management of empyema in children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Empyema is a significant cause of morbidity in children. Treatment is
      still a matter of controversy between surgical and non-surgical options. We
      reviewed our experience with the use of video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) in the
      treatment of empyema and proposed an algorithm. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We
      retrospectively reviewed all the pediatric patients recorded at our institution
      from January 2003 to December 2007 who were diagnosed with empyema and treated by
      surgery. RESULTS: 23 children with empyema were treated with VATS during the
      review period. Mean age was 58.9 months and the duration of symptoms before
      admission was 6.1 days. All patients had a parapneumonic empyema treated by
      preoperative antibiotics (17/23 by parenteral antibiotics and 6/23 by oral
      antibiotics). Pre-operative imaging included chest X-ray in all cases and
      ultrasonography in all cases but one and computed tomography in 3 (13%). Our 23
      patients underwent VATS within 5.3 days of hospitalisation, the most recent
      patients within 2 days. Chest tubes were removed after 2.7 days (range 2 to 4)
      resulting in a postoperative length of stay (LOS) of 10.3 days (range 6 to 28).
      Total LOS was 13.3 days (range 8 to 30). One patient required a conversion to
      thoracotomy. One patient required prolonged mechanical ventilation due to a
      severe myopathy during the post operative course, but there were no complications
      or deaths. Followup was available for all patients who all remained symptom-free
      and suffered no recurrence (clinical and radiological). CONCLUSION: Early
      thoracoscopy for empyema in children is safe and efficient in the short and mid
      term outcome. We describe an algorithm based on our initial experience and review
      the literature for the management of empyema in children.

PMID- 19994803
TI  - Prognostic significance of p53 and Ki67 proteins expression in Greek gastric
      cancer patients.
AB  - AIM: The variability of prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) within a pathological
      stage necessitates the identification of subgroups of patients with a more
      aggressive disease. The role of p53 and Ki67 expression in gastric carcinoma is
      far from being fully established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate
      the expression of p53 and Ki67 in gastric cancer and correlate the findings with
      several clinicopathological features and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue
      samples from 93 patients treated by gastric resection for gastric carcinoma
      between 1996 and 2001 were used. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors were
      studied by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies to p53 and Ki67. The
      results were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. RESULTS:
      Stronger expression of p53 was related with tumor size greater than 5 cm and
      advanced stage. Stronger expression of Ki67 correlated with higher ratio of the
      number of metastatic lymph nodes to the total number of dissected lymph nodes
      (metastatic lymph node [MLN] ratio) and advanced stage. Moreover, p53 and Ki67
      overexpression, tumor size greater than 5 cm, MLN ratio, depth of invasion, lymph
      node metastasis, stage III and IV and infiltrative macroscopic appearance were
      adverse prognostic factors. The levels of p53 and Ki67, the MLN ratio, the tumor
      size (above 5 cm) and the stage of the disease were identified as independent
      prognostic factors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: In gastric cancer, the expression of
      p53 and Ki67 provides significant information about prognosis. The routine
      evaluation of p53 and Ki67 levels could be a useful tool in identification of
      patient with more aggressive disease and contribute to a better therapeutic
      approach.

PMID- 19994804
TI  - A surgical approach to anogenital Buschke Loewenstein tumours (giant condyloma
      acuminata).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Condyloma acuminata are anogenital warts caused by human
      papillomavirus (HPV). Neglected giant peri-anal condyloma acuminata (Buschke
      Loewenstein Tumours) require major surgical procedures. This report reflects our
      experience concerning the aggressive surgical approach to this rarely presented
      type of condyloma acuminata. METHODS: The medical records of five patients, who
      had been surgically treated following the diagnosis of giant perianal condyloma
      acuminata between April, 1996 and September, 2003 were reviewed and evaluated
      retrospectively. Full thickness tumour and skin excisions were performed followed
      by delayed split thickness skin graftings in all patients. RESULTS: Five patients
      (3 men, 2 women) who suffered from giant condyloma acuminata lesions obliterating
      the anal canal were evaluated. The mean age was 36.5 years (range: 24-52). All
      patients underwent total surgical excisions. The wounds were left open for
      secondary healing, and following a mean time period of 35 days, split thickness
      skin graftings were performed. The histopathologic examinations of the specimens
      of these five patients did not reveal any malignant transformations. No
      recurrences were detected at the end of a mean follow-up period of 22 months and
      all patients were considered to be disease-free at the end of their long-term 5
      year follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS: Peri-anal condyloma acuminatum is usually a
      benign disease, but may grow locally to an excessive extent, developing into a
      Buschke Loewenstein Tumour, and may cause serious peri-anal hygiene problems.
      Even though the incidence of malignant transformation is rare, there is always a
      risk of this complication occurring. Transmission of the disease to other sexual
      partners is another point of concern. Therefore, this disease must be treated
      aggressively with total surgical excision. The results of our surgical treatment
      methods are satisfactory.

PMID- 19994805
TI  - Purulent thyroiditis--a clinical study of 5 cases.
AB  - Between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2006, 13,279 patients were operated on due
      to various forms of goitre, of which five cases were diagnosed with purulent
      thyroiditis--one child aged 8, three women and one man all between 35 and 81
      years of age. The course of the disease was unusual. In three of the patients
      cancer was suspected. In all of the patients hard nodules were discovered within
      the thyroid gland, ultrasonographically heterogeneous and hypo-echogenic,
      although scintigraphic examination showed "cold" nodules. The child presented
      regional lymph node enlargement. Except in one case, all patients were apyretic.
      The rapid growth of the thyroid gland and symptoms of compression were observed
      in 2 cases. In one of them, tracheostomy was required. Fine needle aspiration
      biopsy of the thyroid gland revealed the presence of profuse purulent
      infiltration in one case. Neither thyroid dysfunction nor autoimmune changes were
      detected. A subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in all patients. In the
      paediatric case, the enlarged lymph nodes were also resected. In 3 cases, thyroid
      abscess was diagnosed and drained and staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus
      epidermidis and streptococcus pyogenes were found. Microscopic examination proved
      the presence of aspergillus fumigatus in one case. Antibiotic therapy was applied
      postoperatively and all the patients recovered. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The clinical
      course of purulent thyroiditis leads to a diagnostic challenge. The surgical
      treatment of purulent thyroiditis allows for a faster recovery for the patient.

PMID- 19994806
TI  - Giant congenital mesenteric hernia in the adult.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Internal hernia is a visceral protrusion through a defect or
      aperture, either mesenteric or peritoneal and is an uncommon cause of intestinal
      obstruction. Within this group, the congenital mesenteric (transmesenteric)
      hernia is extremely rare, being more common in the pediatric population.
      OBJECTIVE: To present the case of a 38-year-old woman with intestinal obstruction
      and acute abdomen who underwent surgery. A giant mesenteric (transmesenteric)
      hernia was found. The hernia was reduced and the defect closed. Discharge was
      made without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital mesenteric hernias are an
      infrequent pathology that may cause intestinal obstruction, predominantly in the
      pediatric population. Occurrence in adults is extremely rare.

PMID- 19994807
TI  - Transection of the common bile duct with partial avulsion of the gall-bladder due
      to blunt trauma.
AB  - A case of transection of the common bile duct with avulsion of the gall-bladder
      from its hepatic bed due to blunt trauma is presented. The patient was diagnosed
      incidentally intra-operatively and managed with cholecystectomy and choledocho
      duodenostomy. On the 10" postoperative day the patient developed bilioma in the
      subhepatic region, which was drained percutaneously. A few days later the patient
      was discharged from the hospital in good health.

PMID- 19994808
TI  - Primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst of the pancreas is rare, accounting for less than 1% of
      the various sites of hydatid disease, even in countries where echinococcosis is
      endemic. We report a case of pancreatic hydatid cyst to increase awareness for
      this important condition. CASE REPORT: We describe a 33-year-old male with
      abdominal discomfort of one-year duration. On abdominal examination, there was
      mild tenderness with fullness in the right upper quadrant. Laboratory
      investigations revealed no abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a
      cystic mass over the head of the pancreas. Abdominal CT scan confirmed the
      presence of a solitary cyst in the pancreatic head, with no enhancement on
      contrast CT. Indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid disease was negative. A
      pre-operative diagnosis of cystic neoplasm of the pancreas was made and
      laparotomy was done; on exploration there was a cystic mass arising from the head
      of the pancreas. A pericystectomy was carried out and the diagnosis of hydatid
      cyst of the pancreas was confirmed by histopathology. The postoperative period
      was uneventful and no recurrence was seen after 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION:
      Pancreatic hydatidosis, though very rare, should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions in the appropriate
      epidaemiological setting.

PMID- 19994809
TI  - Co-existence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with malign epithelial tumors: a
      report of two cases.
AB  - AIM: To emphasize the importance of a detailed observation for incidental
      simultaneous tumoral masses during surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumors
      (GISTs) at any location in the gastrointestinal system. CASE PRESENTATIONS: Case
      1: a 39-year-old female patient with an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and a
      synchronous small intestinal GIST discovered incidentally during esophagectomy.
      Case 2: a 73-year-old female patient with a gastric GIST and a synchronous
      colorectal cancer detected incidentally during gastrectomy. In both cases,
      immunohistochemical examinations of the resected specimens confirmed the
      coexistences of GISTs and epithelial malignancies. CONCLUSION: The coexistences
      of GISTs with epithelial tumors have been increasing in recent years. In any case
      of a GIST or gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, the surgeon should be alert to
      recognize a possible coexistent tumor with different histological origin.

PMID- 19994810
TI  - Abdominal metastasis of a parosteal osteosarcoma of the femur: an unusual cause
      of large-bowel obstruction.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Parosteal osteosarcoma is a rare, well-differentiated, predominantly
      fibro-osseous variant of osteosarcoma. It is regarded as a distinct form of
      osteosarcoma with better prognosis than conventional osteosarcoma. AIM: We report
      an unusual case of abdominal mass recurrence of parosteal osteosarcoma of the
      left distal femur treated eight years previously with wide resection, hip
      disarticulation and chemotherapy, which presented as an acute abdomen: we discuss
      the clinical outcomes of this rare entity. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 54
      year-old patient with low-grade parosteal osteosarcoma of the left distal femur.
      Left total hip disarticulation was indicated after several local relapses of the
      tumour following extensive resection and chemotherapy. Eight years later, he
      presented with an acute large bowel obstruction secondary to a compression of the
      large bowel by an abdominal mass. Abdominal computed tomography showed a large
      abdominal calcified mass with dilated large bowel loops. During laparotomy, the
      mass was unresectable. So, the patient underwent emergent colostomy of diversion.
      Biopsy of the lesion yielded grade III parosteal osteosarcoma material. The
      patient received adjuvant chemotherapy, but the response was poor: six months
      later, the patient presented with a peristomal mass and two pulmonary metastases.
      CONCLUSION: Abdominal recurrence of parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal femur
      eight years after definitive surgery is rare. This case emphasises the importance
      of the long-term follow-up of patients with parosteal osteosarcoma.

PMID- 19994811
TI  - Total occlusion of the superior vena cava due to bronchogenic cyst.
AB  - Bronchogenic cysts are the most common form of congenital cystic lesions in the
      mediastinum. Of all cases with bronchogenic cysts, 1/3 are symptomatic. The
      symptoms vary depending on the location and compression of the adjacent
      structures of the cyst. Some mediastinal bronchogenic cysts can cause severe
      respiratory distress due to airway and vascular compression. We herein present a
      case with a bronchogenic cyst that required venoplasty to the superior vena cava
      (SVC) due to total occlusion of the SVC.

PMID- 19994812
TI  - Ergotism caused by concurrent use of ritonavir and ergot alkaloids: a case
      report.

PMID- 19994813
TI  - Streptococcus pneumoniae meningo-encephalitis after trans-sphenoidal surgery: a
      case report.
AB  - Although meningismus or meningitis are known to occur after pituitary surgery;
      meningo-encephalitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae following a trans
      sphenoidal approach has not been previously reported. A 56-year-old man presented
      with blurred vision. Two days after uneventful surgery, the patient became
      hyperpyrexic which progressed to confusion and lethargy within 48 hours. Spinal
      fluid cultures revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae. The patient was treated
      appropriately and made an uneventful recovery. MR images showed persistent
      changes within both frontal lobes. This case further suggests that peri-operative
      antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis may not save the patient from serious surgical
      infections.

PMID- 19994814
TI  - Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint caused by salmonella in a healthy
      person.
AB  - The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is an unusual site for septic arthritis in
      healthy people. It is mostly described as affecting intravenous drug abusers. We
      report a rare case of sternoclavicular osteo-arthritis caused by non-typhoid
      salmonella in an immunocompetent person. The patient presented with general
      weakness, dizziness, epigastric and anterior chest pain that had persisted for
      one week. Peptic ulcer disease was diagnosed by gastro-intestinal endoscopy.
      Computed tomography (CT) revealed fluid accumulation around the left
      sternoclavicular joint. Surgical exploration revealed pus, which was drained. The
      pus culture grew salmonella enterica serotype D. After repeated debridement and
      appropriate antibiotic treatment, the patient was discharged home four weeks
      later.

PMID- 19994815
TI  - Bilateral capitellum humeri fracture; a case report.
AB  - This is the report of a 33-year-old female patient who was admitted to the
      Emergency Department with bilateral capitellum humerus fracture after a fall from
      a height. The patient was surgically treated with open reduction and internal
      fixation for both elbows, with 3 Kirschner wires on the right elbow and one mini
      fragment screw on the left. Surgical intervention was carried out in emergency
      conditions. Following an early physical rehabilitation programme at the end of
      the 1st week, the roentgenograms in the 9th week showed acceptable bone union.
      However, in the 2nd year of follow-up the patient had consistent pain and 35
      degrees of flexion loss in her right elbow due to degenerative change. The
      literature reveals only two reports of such cases. Thus, this rare case of
      bilateral capitellum humerus showed that early mobilisation after anatomic
      reduction and stable fixation with a mini-screw provided the optimal outcome.

PMID- 19994816
TI  - A man with chyloperitoneum: a case report.
AB  - Diagnostic image. A 60-year-old man with an adenocarcinoma of the stomach and
      kidney-cell carcinoma, developed chyloperitoneum after surgery.

PMID- 19994817
TI  - How to insert a perfect chest drain.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Not many juniors get several opportunities to perform chest drains.
      It can be difficult to insert a chest drain perfectly in distressed patients with
      pneumothorax or pleural effusion under local anaesthesia. METHOD: This article
      provides various practical tips for junior trainees for inserting chest drains
      perfectly, based upon the experience of the authors and published literature.
      DISCUSSION: Correct positioning, enough local anaesthetic into the right space,
      the use of a needle to locate both anaesthetised skin and the intercostal space
      and knowing the depth of the pleural cavity and the purpose of insertion all may
      help to insert a chest drain perfectly.

PMID- 19994818
TI  - A simple modified scissor for combined dissection, cut and ligation.

PMID- 19994819
TI  - G. Dupuytren's contracture: an inaccurate denomination.
AB  - The question of priority in describing 'Dupuytren's disease' as a result of
      permanent retraction of the palmar aponeurosis has been debated for a long time.
      This article tries to identify the pioneers who were involved in the research of
      the origin of permanent contracture of fingers and palm of the hand, and to find
      out to whom the priority of this affection should be attributed. Selected
      passages of several authors, as well as of Dupuytren's writings (mainly in
      italics and translated into English) are used to try and find the truth
      concerning the primary description of the disease.

PMID- 19994820
TI  - Addressing clinical management and integration aspects of care.

PMID- 19994821
TI  - The key to outstanding patient care.
AB  - Vince Lombardi said, "Individual commitment to a group effort--that is what makes
      a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work." Patients see
      and appreciate when the office works together. A cohesive dental team is the link
      that will generate worlds of difference in outstanding patient care and
      comprehensive rewards to the practice.

PMID- 19994822
TI  - Achieving excellence using an advanced biomaterial: part 2.

PMID- 19994823
TI  - Endodontic advancements: game-changing technologies.

PMID- 19994824
TI  - Modern endodontic access and dentin conservation, part 2.

PMID- 19994825
TI  - Upgradeable dentistry, part 3.

PMID- 19994826
TI  - Improving impressions: go digital!

PMID- 19994827
TI  - Creating precision restorations using a hand-dispensed polyether.

PMID- 19994828
TI  - Bur dimensions used to gauge porcelain veneer preparations.

PMID- 19994829
TI  - Aesthetic management of the cleft palate patient.

PMID- 19994830
TI  - Success with composites in the "new economy".

PMID- 19994831
TI  - Fabricating fully functional dentures.

PMID- 19994832
TI  - Antimicrobial aspects of inflammatory suppression.

PMID- 19994833
TI  - Are your patient no-show strategies robbing you blind?

PMID- 19994834
TI  - QM/MM study of the monomeric red fluorescent protein DsRed.M1.
AB  - We report a combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) study of the
      DsRed.M1 protein using as QM component the self-consistent charge density
      functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
      and hybrid density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP functional) in QM/MM geometry
      optimizations. We consider different variants of the chromophore (including the
      cis- and trans-acylimine and peptide forms) as well as different protonation
      states of environmental residues. The QM/MM calculations provide insight into the
      role of nearby residues concerning their interactions with the chromophore and
      their influence on structural and spectroscopic properties. QM/MM optimizations
      yield a single conformer for the anionic acylimine chromophore, whereas there are
      distinct cis- and trans-conformers in the anionic peptide chromophore, the latter
      being more stable. The calculated vertical excitation energies (DFT/MRCI) for the
      anionic chromophores agree well with experiment. The published crystal structure
      of DsRed.M1 with an anionic acylimine chromophore indicates a quinoid structure,
      while the QM/MM calculations predict the phenolate form to be more stable.

PMID- 19994835
TI  - Charge transfer dynamics in polymer-fullerene blends for efficient solar cells.
AB  - Blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the bis-adduct of [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)
      butyric acid methyl ester (bisPCBM) show enhanced performances in bulk
      heterojunction solar cells compared to P3HT:PCBM thin films due to their higher
      open-circuit voltage. However, it is not clear whether the decrease of the short
      circuit current observed in P3HT-bisPCBM blends originates from the 100 mV
      reduction of the offset between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the
      donor and the acceptor or from a change in the morphology. The analysis of the
      photoluminescence dynamics of the various bulk heterojunctions provides
      information on the dependence of the electron transfer process on their
      microstructure. We find that in solution, where the donor-acceptor distribution
      is homogeneous, the photoluminescence dynamics is the same for the bis- and PCBM
      based blends, while in thin films the first shows a slower dynamics than the
      second. This result indicates that the reduction of the LUMO offset of
      approximately 100 meV does not influence the electron transfer efficiency but
      that the diversity between the photoluminescence dynamics in thin films should be
      ascribed to the different microstructure of the bulk heterojunctions fabricated
      with the two acceptors.

PMID- 19994836
TI  - Can salting-in/salting-out ions be classified as chaotropes/kosmotropes?
AB  - Attempts to understand the Hofmeister Series at the molecular level has yielded
      numerous hypotheses, many of which refer to the way different salts modify the
      structural and dynamical properties of water. The most famous, and at the same
      time the most controversial, is the classification of cosolutes and ions as
      structure-breakers (chaotropes) or structure-makers (kosmotropes), and their
      identification as salting-in and salting-out agents, respectively. In this paper,
      we present results from molecular dynamics simulations correlating the ion
      induced changes of the structural and dynamical properties of water and the
      ability of these ions to alter the magnitude of the hydrophobic interaction.
      Although most of the properties of water in the salt solutions change
      monotonically with the ability of the salt to increase/decrease the hydrophobic
      interaction, none of them is able to predict the transition from salting-in to
      salting-out, a prediction that was observed by the preferential binding/exclusion
      analysis. In addition, we find that the use of the terms, kosmotropes and
      chaotropes, is very misleading since the so-called kosmotropes can actually
      reduce the structure of water, whereas, the so-called chaotropes can increase the
      structure of water. Specifically, we find that the ability of the ions to reduce
      the hydrophobic interaction (a property attributed to chaotropes), correlates
      with their ability to increase the structure between the water molecules,
      including the number and strength of hydrogen bonds, and as a consequence, the
      water-water interaction energy (features attributed to kosmotropes).
      Nevertheless, the viscosity (as well as the rotational decay rate) of the water
      molecules decreases (increases) due to weaker binding to the ions. Thus, it is
      not the ion-induced structural ordering between the water molecules that affect
      the dynamical properties of water, but the strength of the ion-water interaction.
      Our results indicate that attempts to understand and predict salt-induced
      modulation of hydrophobic interactions only through the binary, salt-water,
      system is not possible.

PMID- 19994837
TI  - Photophysics and binding constant determination of the homodimeric dye BOBO-3 and
      DNA oligonucleotides.
AB  - The interactions between single- and double-stranded DNA and the trimethine
      cyanine homodimer dye, BOBO-3 (1,1'-(4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,7
      diazaundecamethylene)-bis-4-[3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-(benzo-1,3-thiazole)-2
      methylidene]pyridinium tetraiodide), have been investigated in detail using
      absorption and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The dye
      interacts with both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, under a variety of
      conditions, with changes in its spectral characteristics. Our results indicated
      that the complex formed between BOBO-3 dye and DNA oligonucleotides could not be
      explained with a simple, single intercalation mechanism; therefore, different
      modes of interaction were proposed. By using time-resolved fluorescence
      methodology and in-depth analysis of the fluorescence decay traces, we obtained
      the contribution of the different forms of BOBO-3: free in solution, a low
      affinity, electrostatically driven interaction with DNA, and a full bis
      intercalation mechanism within the DNA double helix. With this information, we
      applied the McGhee-Von Hippel theory for two overlapping, noncooperative binding
      modes to obtain equilibrium binding constants and the number of sites occupied
      for each binding mode. Binding constants for dye/dsDNA complexes in complete bis
      intercalation and externally bound were (8.8 +/- 1.1) x 10(5) and (2.6 +/- 0.3) x
      10(5) M(-1), respectively. The corresponding recovered number of base pairs
      covered were 5.9 +/- 0.2 and 3.5 +/- 0.5 sites for each mode.

PMID- 19994838
TI  - Influence of molecular oxide cages on metal carbonyls.
AB  - A series of DFT calculations have been performed on mononuclear d(6) metal
      tricarbonyls supported on molecular oxide cages. The molecular cages were chosen
      both as models for phosphate, silicate, and aluminosilicate surfaces and because
      experimental data is available for a few of these molecular complexes. By
      systematically varying the nature of the oxide surface, qualitative estimates of
      metal carbonyl geometry, relative metal-CO bond strengths, and predictions of the
      shifts in C identical withO stretching frequencies upon changes in oxide basicity
      have been determined for a range of transition metals. Although most of the
      calculated trends correlate with expectations, additional insights into some of
      the bonding characteristics of these systems were obtained.

PMID- 19994839
TI  - Comparative theoretical studies of energetic substituted carbon- and nitrogen
      bridged difurazans.
AB  - Density functional theory method was used to study the heats of formation (HOFs),
      electronic structure, energetic properties, and thermal stability for a series of
      bridged difurazan derivatives with different linkages and substituent groups. The
      results show that the -N(3) group and azo bridge (-N=N-) play a very important
      role in increasing the HOF values of the difurazan derivatives. The effects of
      the substituents on the HOMO-LUMO gap are combined with those of the bridge
      groups. The calculated energetic properties indicate that the -ONO(2), -NO(2), 
      NF(2), -N=N-, or -N(O) =N- group is an effective structural unit for enhancing
      the detonation performance for the derivatives. An analysis of the bond
      dissociation energies for several relatively weak bonds suggests that the N-O
      bond in the ring is the weakest one and the ring cleavage is possible to happen
      in thermal decomposition. On the whole, the -NH-NH-, -N=N-, or -N(O)=N- group is
      an effective bridge for enhancing the thermal stability of the derivatives.
      Considered the detonation performance and thermal stability, five compounds may
      be considered as the potential candidates of high-energy density materials
      (HEDMs).

PMID- 19994841
TI  - Visible light-driven water oxidation by a molecular ruthenium catalyst in
      homogeneous system.
AB  - Discovery of an efficient catalyst bearing low overpotential toward water
      oxidation is a key step for light-driven water splitting into dioxygen and
      dihydrogen. A mononuclear ruthenium complex, Ru(II)L(pic)(2) (1) (H(2)L = 2,2'
      bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid; pic = 4-picoline), was found capable of
      oxidizing water eletrochemically at a relatively low potential and promoting
      light-driven water oxidation using a three-component system composed of a
      photosensitizer, sacrificial electron acceptor, and complex 1. The detailed
      electrochemical properties of 1 were studied, and the onset potentials of the
      electrochemically catalytic curves in pH 7.0 and pH 1.0 solutions are 1.0 and 1.5
      V, respectively. The low catalytic potential of 1 under neutral conditions allows
      the use of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and even [Ru(dmbpy)(3)](2+) as a photosensitizer for
      photochemical water oxidation. Two different sacrificial electron acceptors,
      [Co(NH(3))(5)Cl]Cl(2) and Na(2)S(2)O(8), were used to generate the oxidized state
      of ruthenium tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) photosensitizers. In addition, a two-hour
      photolysis of 1 in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer did not lead to obvious degradation,
      indicating the good photostability of our catalyst. However, under conditions of
      light-driven water oxidation, the catalyst deactivates quickly. In both solution
      and the solid state under aerobic conditions, complex 1 gradually decomposed via
      oxidative degradation of its ligands, and two of the decomposed products, sp(3) C
      H bond oxidized Ru complexes, were identified. The capability of oxidizing the
      sp(3) C-H bond implies the presence of a highly oxidizing Ru species, which might
      also cause the final degradation of the catalyst.

PMID- 19994840
TI  - Reactivity and applications of new amine reactive cross-linkers for mass
      spectrometric detection of protein-protein complexes.
AB  - Chemical cross-linking of proteins permits the stabilization of noncovalent
      complexes through introduction of covalent bonds. A crucial challenge is to find
      the fastest and most efficient cross-linkers in order to minimize reaction times
      and to handle delicate complexes. New cross-linkers were synthesized by
      introducing N-hydroxyphthalimide, hydroxybenzotriazole, and 1-hydroxy-7
      azabenzotriazole as leaving groups instead of the commonly used N
      hydroxysuccimidyl moiety. With the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption
      ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, these new cross-linkers were then compared
      with the commercially available disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) for covalent
      stabilization of the gluthatione-S-transferase (GST) dimer and of an antibody
      antigen complex. They showed a better efficiency, generated about 30% more cross
      linked complex, and reacted about 10 times faster than DSS. The reaction with the
      GST dimer was utilized to get information about their reaction efficiency and
      kinetics. Their ability to stabilize only specific protein complexes was verified
      by incubating them with a mixture of the proteins GST and ubiquitin. Finally, the
      cross-linkers were incubated with synthetic peptides to study the selectivity of
      the binding with various amino acid side chains. Not only lysine but also
      tyrosine was found to react with the newly synthesized cross-linker containing 1
      hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole as the reactive group.

PMID- 19994842
TI  - Preferential adsorption of poly(ethylene glycol) on hectorite clay and effects on
      poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/hectorite nanocomposite hydrogels.
AB  - Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Laponite nanocomposite hydrogel (NC gel) was
      synthesized via in situ polymerization in the Laponite suspension containing PEG.
      The adsorption of PEG on Laponite platelets was characterized by zeta-potential,
      which decreased with the PEG adsorption. The tensile strength decreased and
      elongation at break increased with increasing PEG concentration. The effective
      network chain density of PNIPAm/Laponite NC gels determined from the equilibrium
      modulus G(e) decreased upon adsorption of PEG on the Laponite. All of these
      results revealed the preferential adsorption of PEG on the Laponite platelets
      occupying the active sites for the PNIPAm chain anchoring, which hindered their
      cross-linking effect in the NC gels. However, the temperature sensitive swelling
      behavior still remained in the PNIPAm/Laponite NC gels containing PEG with higher
      swelling volume below the LCST due to the lower cross-linker density. By
      adjusting the amount of added PEG, we can easily control the properties of the
      PNIPAm/Laponite NC gels.

PMID- 19994843
TI  - Molecular docking of carbohydrate ligands to antibodies: structural validation
      against crystal structures.
AB  - Cell surface glycoproteins play vital roles in cellular homeostasis and disease.
      Antibody recognition of glycosylation on different cells and pathogens is
      critically important for immune surveillance. Conversely, adverse immune
      reactions resulting from antibody-carbohydrate interactions have been implicated
      in the development of autoimmune diseases and impact areas such as
      xenotransplantation and cancer treatment. Understanding the nature of antibody
      carbohydrate interactions and the method by which saccharides fit into antibody
      binding sites is important in understanding the recognition process. In silico
      techniques offer attractive alternatives to experimental methods (X-ray
      crystallography and NMR) for the study of antibody-carbohydrate complexes. In
      particular, molecular docking provides information about protein-ligand
      interactions in systems that are difficult to study with experimental techniques.
      Before molecular docking can be used to investigate antibody-carbohydrate
      complexes, validation of an appropriate docking method is required. In this
      study, four popular docking programs, Glide, AutoDock, GOLD, and FlexX, were
      assessed for their ability to accurately dock carbohydrates to antibodies.
      Comparison of top ranking poses with crystal structures highlighted the strengths
      and weaknesses of these programs. Rigid docking, in which the protein
      conformation remains static, and flexible docking, where both the protein and
      ligand are treated as flexible, were compared. This study has revealed that
      generally molecular docking of carbohydrates to antibodies has been performed
      best by Glide.

PMID- 19994844
TI  - Carbon nanotube Schottky diode via selective electrochemical metal deposition.
AB  - A single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) Schottky diode was fabricated via
      selective electrochemical metal deposition on a prefabricated SWNT field effect
      transistor device. By electrochemically depositing Pd on only one of the
      prepatterned Ti electrodes, asymmetric Ohmic (at Pd-SWNT) and Schottky (at SWNT
      Ti) contacts were resolved, resulting in efficient current rectification. The
      selective electrochemical deposition was performed by electrically isolating two
      Ti electrodes connected through a SWNT by depleting hole carriers in the SWNT
      upon the simultaneous application of high positive gate voltage during the
      deposition process. The successful selective deposition of Pd metals was
      confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID- 19994845
TI  - Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 7-azaindirubin-3'-oxime, a 7-aza
      isostere of the natural indirubin pharmacophore.
AB  - The bis-indole alkaloid indirubin and its analogues bear a very interesting
      natural pharmacophore. They are recognized mainly as kinase inhibitors, but
      several other activities make them possible candidates for preclinical studies.
      Based on the previously reported activity of 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime and its
      derivatives, the synthesis of indirubins bearing a heterocyclic nitrogen atom at
      position 7 was carried out. Herein, we report the first synthesis of 7
      azaindirubin-3'-oxime (12) as well as its antiproliferative activity against 57
      cancer cell lines and its inhibitory activity against a series of kinases. 7
      Azaindirubin (10) and its 3'-oxime derivative (12) showed reduced activity as
      kinase inhibitors in comparison with other known indirubin derivatives, but
      antiproliferative activity with a best GI(50) value of 0.77 microM.

PMID- 19994846
TI  - Polyacetylenes from Bupleurum longiradiatum.
AB  - Eight new polyacetylenes (1-8) and six known polyacetylenes were isolated from
      the entire parts of Bupleurum longiradiatum, a poisonous plant. The structures of
      the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation. The
      absolute configuration of the known compound bupleurotoxin (9) was established by
      the modified Mosher's method. All isolates were also tested for their
      cytotoxicity against a human leukemia cell line (HL-60).

PMID- 19994847
TI  - Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions using
      combined ligand and target score normalization.
AB  - Docking experiments of multiple compounds typically focus on a single protein.
      However, other targets provide information about relative binding efficiencies
      that is otherwise lacking. We developed a docking strategy that normalized
      results in both the ligand and target dimensions. This was applied to dock 287
      approved small drugs with 35 peptide-binding proteins, including 15 true
      positives. The combined docking score was normalized by drug and protein and by
      incorporating information on contact similarity to the template protein-peptide
      contacts. The 20 top ranking hits included 6 true positives, and three matches
      with suggestive evidence in the literature: the cardiac glycoside digitoxin may
      inhibit WW domain interactions, the 14-3-3 zeta protein may bind negatively
      charged ligands, and the nuclear receptor coactivator site may bind nuclear
      receptor agonists. Additionally, the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein is predicted to
      bind pargyline, and the antiapoptic p53 interacting protein MDM2 is suggested to
      bind clofazimine. These predictions represent starting points for the
      experimental development of PPI inhibitors based on an existing database of
      approved drugs and demonstrate that two-dimensional normalization improves
      docking efficiency.

PMID- 19994848
TI  - Time-resolved EPR spectra of spin-correlated radical pairs: spectral and kinetic
      modulation resulting from electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions.
AB  - This paper expands the established four-state model of spin-correlated radical
      pairs (SCRPs) to include local nuclear spins which are ubiquitous in real-world
      systems and essential for the radical pair intersystem crossing (RP-ISC)
      mechanism. These nuclei are coupled to the unpaired electron spins by hyperfine
      interaction and split their electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) lines. Rather
      than enumerating all possible nuclear states, an algorithm is devised to sort out
      the net hyperfine offset 2Q, which, along with the electron spin-spin coupling
      2J, characterizes the behavior of SCRPs. Using this algorithm, the EPR spectra of
      SCRPs coupled to arbitrary nuclear spins can be efficiently simulated with only
      2J and the EPR spectra of individual radicals as the inputs. Particularly
      illustrative is the case of a SCRP resulting from photoinduced electron transfer
      comprised of a spectrally narrow anion radical signal having small hyperfine
      splittings and a broad cation radical signal having many large hyperfine
      splittings and a Gaussian width sigma, where the EPR peak of the anion radical
      exhibits an effective splitting of 2(1/2)J(2)/sigma. For SCRPs having singlet and
      triplet pathways for charge recombination, their kinetic behavior is obtained
      concisely by considering the decay rate constants k(S) and k(T) as imaginary
      energies, while adhering to the existing derivation of the four-state model.
      These models are employed to interpret the diverse array of spectral and kinetic
      modulation patterns observed in the experimental EPR spectra of photogenerated
      SCRPs and to extract the 2J value, which reflects the donor-acceptor electronic
      coupling. During the first several hundred nanoseconds following photoexcitation,
      the spectral and time domain characteristics of the measured time-resolved EPR
      spectra manifest the consequences of the Uncertainty Principle, and the
      modulation patterns in either domain result from hyperfine splittings between the
      unpaired electron and the nuclear spins.

PMID- 19994849
TI  - Ozone and TFA impacts in North America from degradation of 2,3,3,3
      Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), a potential greenhouse gas replacement.
AB  - We use a regional-scale, three-dimensional atmospheric model to evaluate U.S. air
      quality effects that would result from replacing HFC-134a in automobile air
      conditioners in the U.S. with HFO-1234yf. Although HFO-1234yf produces
      tropospheric ozone, the incremental amount is small, averaging less than 0.01% of
      total ozone formed during the simulation. We show that this production of ozone
      could be compensated for by a modest improvement in air conditioner efficiency.
      Atmospheric decomposition of HFO-1234yf produces trifluoroacetic acid (TFA),
      which is subject to wet and dry deposition. Deposition and concentrations of TFA
      are spatially variable due to HFO-1234yf's short atmospheric lifetime, with more
      localized peaks and less global transport when compared to HFC-134a. Over the 2.5
      month simulation, deposition of TFA in the continental U.S. from mobile air
      conditioners averages 0.24 kg km(-2), substantially higher than previous
      estimates from all sources of current hydrofluorocarbons. Automobile air
      conditioning HFO-1234yf emissions are predicted to produce concentrations of TFA
      in Eastern U.S. rainfall at least double the values currently observed from all
      sources, natural and man-made. Our model predicts peak concentrations in rainfall
      of 1264 ng L(-1), a level that is 80x lower than the lowest level considered safe
      for the most sensitive aquatic organisms.

PMID- 19994850
TI  - Structuring a TiO2-based photonic crystal photocatalyst with Schottky junction
      for efficient photocatalysis.
AB  - Facile and effective approaches were developed to fabricate the inverse TiO2/Pt
      opals Schottky structures on the Ti substrate. The as-prepared samples were
      characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra
      (DRS), respectively. The results indicate that these samples were of ordered
      network, which was built by the Pt skeleton frame and the outer TiO2 layer. The
      TiO2 layer was identified as anatase with the preferential orientation of (101)
      plane. The experiments of short-circuit photocurrent (SCPC) and photocatalytic
      degradation of phenol were also conducted under the UV irradiation in order to
      evaluate the photoactivity of the samples. By tuning the red edge of photonic
      stop-band overlapping the absorption maximum of anatase (at 360 nm), both the UV
      absorption and the carrier separation of the samples were improved. The kinetic
      constant using the optimal inverse TiO2/Pt opals (0.992 h(-1)) was about 1.5
      times as great as that of the disordered inverse TiO2/Pt opals (TiO2/Pt-mix) and
      was 3.3 times as great as that of pristine TiO2 nanocrystalline film (TiO2-nc) on
      Ti substrate.

PMID- 19994851
TI  - Asymmetric hollow nanorod formation through a partial galvanic replacement
      reaction.
AB  - An asymmetric single hollow structure was generated from Ag-Au-Ag heterometal
      nanorods by a partial galvanic replacement reaction for the first time. The C(2)
      symmetry breaking took place because of the random generation of a single pit on
      only one end of the silver domain at an early stage of the reaction. Careful
      control of the reaction kinetics could also yield a double-hollow structure on
      both ends of the silver domain. The resulting single- and double-hollow nanorods
      exhibited characteristic extinctions in the near-IR range.

PMID- 19994852
TI  - CD44-targeted microparticles for delivery of cisplatin to peritoneal metastases.
AB  - Intraperitoneal (ip) chemotherapy increases the survival of optimally debulked
      patients with ovarian cancer due to direct access of the drug to tumor nodules
      growing on the peritoneal surface. CD44 is overexpressed in many ovarian cancers.
      To further improve efficacy, we sought to develop a cisplatin-loaded
      microparticle that would target to CD44 on cancer cells when injected ip. Hyplat
      microparticles were produced by cross-linking hyaluronan via its carboxylate
      groups with cisplatin at a high temperature. Hyplat particles had an average
      diameter of 580 nm, and cisplatin was incorporated with an efficiency of
      approximately 50%. Drug release varied with chloride concentration but not pH.
      Flow cytometric analysis and confocal microscopy confirmed that CD44 positive
      cells (OV2008, A2780) internalized Hyplat more efficiently than CD44 negative
      cells (UCI101); uptake was compromised by knocking down CD44 expression.
      Clearance of Hyplat from the mouse peritoneum was reduced by 7-fold and tumor
      uptake was increased by 2- to 3-fold in CD44-positive but not CD44-negative tumor
      models compared to that attained with free cisplatin. Hyplat was more effective
      than cisplatin at slowing the growth of intraperitoneally inoculated A2780
      ovarian cancer cells and improving survival thus demonstrating the potential of
      Hyplat to enhance the efficacy of ip chemotherapy.

PMID- 19994853
TI  - Development of protein A functionalized microcantilever immunosensors for the
      analyses of small molecules at parts per trillion levels.
AB  - Development of microcantilever biosensors for small molecules was exemplified
      with the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol and the antibiotic chloramphenicol.
      In this paper, antibody sulfhydrylation and protein A were used to modify the
      microcantilever Au surface, and the antibody activities on the microcantilever
      were evaluated with direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (dcELISA). The activity of the antibodies immobilized on the microcantilever via
      protein A was 1.7-fold of that via the sulfhydrylation reagent 2-iminothiolane
      hydrochloride. A microcantilever immunosensor method with protein A as the
      functionalization reagent was established to detect the residues of clenbuterol
      and chloramphenicol at limits of detection (LOD) of approximately 0.1 and 0.2
      ng/mL, respectively. Such LODs were better than that of the corresponding
      dcELISAs. The concentration of clenbuterol in a fortified feed sample detected
      with the microcantilever immunosensor after thorough extraction and purification
      agreed well with that detected with the dcELISA. Protein A showed to be simple
      and reproducible for functionalization of the antibodies on the Au surface and,
      thus, has common application values in microcantilever immunosensor development.
      The results suggest that microcantilever immunosensors be suitable for detection
      of small molecules, and the assay sensitivity is mainly related to the quality
      and activities of the antibodies.

PMID- 19994854
TI  - Enantioselective C-C bond formation by rhodium-catalyzed tandem ylide
      formation/[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement between donor/acceptor carbenoids and
      allylic alcohols.
AB  - The rhodium-catalyzed reaction of racemic allyl alcohols with methyl
      phenyldiazoacetate or methyl styryldiazoacetate results in a two-step process, an
      initial oxonium ylide formation followed by a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
      This process competes favorably with the more conventional O-H insertion
      chemistry as long as donor/acceptor carbenoids and highly substituted allyl
      alcohols are used as substrates. When the reactions are catalyzed by Rh(2)(S
      DOSP)(4), tertiary alpha-hydroxycarboxylate derivatives with two adjacent
      quaternary centers are produced with high enantioselectivity (85-98% ee).

PMID- 19994855
TI  - Clarification properties of trash and stalk tissues from sugar cane.
AB  - The effect of the U.S. and worldwide change from burnt to unburnt (green) sugar
      cane harvesting on processing and the use of sugar cane leaves and tops as a
      biomass source has not been fully characterized. Sugar cane whole-stalks were
      harvested from the first ratoon (repeat) crop of five commercial, Louisiana sugar
      cane varieties (LCP 85-384, HoCP 96-540, L 97-128, L 99-226, and L 99-233).
      Replicated sample tissues of brown, dry leaves (BL), green leaves (GL), growing
      point region (GPR), and stalk (S) were separated. Composite juice from each
      tissue type was clarified following a hot lime clarification process operated by
      most U.S. factories. Only GPR and GL juices foamed on heating and followed the
      normal settling behavior of factory sugar cane juice, although GL was markedly
      slower than GPR. GPR juice aided settling. S juice tended to thin out rather than
      follow normal settling and exhibited the most unwanted upward motion of flocs.
      Most varietal variation in settling, mud, and clarified juice (CJ)
      characteristics occurred for GL. The quality rather than the quantity of
      impurities in the different tissues mostly affected the volume of mud produced:
      After 30 min of settling, mud volume per unit tissue juice degrees Brix (%
      dissolved solids) varied markedly among the tissues (S 1.09, BL 11.3, GPR 3.0,
      and GL 3.1 mL/degrees Brix). Heat transfer properties of tissue juices and CJs
      are described. Clarification was unable to remove all BL cellulosic particles. GL
      and BL increased color, turbidity, and suspended particles in CJs with BL worse
      than GL. This will make the future attainment of very high pol (VHP) raw sugar in
      the U.S. more difficult. Although optimization of factory unit processes will
      alleviate extra trash problems, economical strategies to reduce the amount of
      green and brown leaves processed need to be identified and implemented.

PMID- 19994857
TI  - Antihypertensive effect of peptide-enriched soy sauce-like seasoning and
      identification of its angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory substances.
AB  - We have developed a peptide-enriched soy sauce-like seasoning termed Fermented
      Soybean Seasoning (FSS), by modifying the process of soy sauce brewing. The FSS
      has a 2.7-fold higher concentration of total peptides than regular soy sauce. The
      angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of FSS (IC(50) = 454
      microg/mL) was greater than that of regular soy sauce (IC(50) = 1620 microg/mL).
      The FSS demonstrated antihypertensive effects both in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats and in Dahl salt-sensitive rats during continuous feeding. The ACE
      inhibitory substances were purified from FSS by reversed-phase chromatography.
      Ala-Trp IC(50) = 10 microM; Gly-Trp IC(50) = 30 microM; Ala-Tyr IC(50) = 48
      microM; Ser-Tyr, IC(50) = (67 microM; Gly-Tyr, IC(50) = 97 microM; Ala-Phe,
      IC(50) = 190 microM; Val-Pro, IC(50) = (480 microM; Ala-Ile, IC(50) = 690 microM;
      Val-Gly, IC(50) = 1100 microM; and a nicotianamine, IC(50) = 0.26 microM.
      [corrected] The concentrations of these substances in the FSS were revealed to be
      higher than that of regular soy sauce through quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis.

PMID- 19994858
TI  - Single gold microshell tailored to sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering
      probe.
AB  - We finely tuned the Au shell on a polystyrene microsphere of 2 microm in diameter
      to achieve a strong surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS)-active platform so
      that the molecules on a single microspherical shell surface produce their own
      fingerprint SERS spectra. The proposed microshells can be easily and individually
      manipulated under a conventional optical microscope using a micropipet and act as
      a sensitive probe to obtain the SERS spectra of the monolayer of molecules on Pt
      as well as Au surfaces without any requirement of special surface morphology or
      modification for inducing SERS activity. Well-defined SERS spectra can be
      obtained at a very short acquisition time of milliseconds, suggesting useful
      applications of the present system based on the decoding of the SERS-active
      barcodes on individually functionalized microshells.

PMID- 19994859
TI  - Enrichment, resolution, and identification of nickel porphyrins in petroleum
      asphaltene by cyclograph separation and atmospheric pressure photoionization
      Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
AB  - We report here the first high resolution mass spectrometric evidence of nickel
      porphyrins in petroleum. A petroleum asphaltene sample is fractionated by a
      silica-gel cyclograph. Nickel content is enriched by approximately 3 fold in one
      of the cyclograph fractions. The fraction is subsequently analyzed by atmospheric
      pressure photoionization (APPI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass
      spectrometry (FTICR MS) with an average mass resolving power of over 500 K
      (M/DeltaM(fwhm)). Similar to vanadyl porphyrins, monocylcoalkano-type (presumed
      to be deocophylerythro-etioporphyrin DPEP) Ni porphyrins are found to be the most
      abundant family followed by etio, bicycloalkano-type, and rhodo-monocylcoalkano
      type Ni porphyrins. A Z number ranging from -28 to -44 and a carbon number
      ranging from 26 to 41 were observed. A significant amount of nickel and vanadyl
      geoporphyrins are in more condensed tetrapyrrolic cores than just chlorophyll
      derived DPEP- and etioporphyrins. Ni has a higher etio/DPEP ratio and rhodo
      etio/rhodo-DPEP ratio than does VO.

PMID- 19994860
TI  - Characterization of peroxides formed by riboflavin and light exposure of milk.
      Detection of urate hydroperoxide as a novel oxidation product.
AB  - Characterization of peroxides by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of milk
      following exposure to riboflavin and light showed that hydrogen peroxide was the
      most abundant peroxide formed since it could be removed by catalase. Formation of
      peroxides after separation by SEC showed that hydrogen peroxide formation was
      primarily increased in the presence of caseins and ascorbate, although whey
      proteins also were found to contribute. Caseins and beta-lactoglobulin also
      formed catalase-resistant peroxides, presumably protein hydroperoxides. A
      catalase-resistant and unstable peroxide was observed in fractions containing
      urate. Experiments performed with pure urate suggested that urate radicals
      reacted further with superoxide leading to a urate hydroperoxide. Electron
      paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using spin-traps showed that the presence of
      oxygen was required for urate radical formation, which could be assigned as
      nitrogen-centered radicals. These results suggest a new route during light
      induced oxidation sensitized by flavins, in effect making urate pro-oxidative.

PMID- 19994861
TI  - Metabolomics analysis reveals the compositional differences of shade grown tea
      (Camellia sinensis L.).
AB  - The different cultivation methods affect tea quality by altering the basic
      metabolite profiles. In this study, the metabolome changes were investigated in
      green tea and shade cultured green tea (tencha) by liquid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled
      with a multivariate data set. The principal component analysis (PCA) and
      orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) of
      green tea clearly showed higher levels of galloylquinic acid, epigallocatechin,
      epicatechin, succinic acid, and fructose, together with lower levels of
      gallocatechin, strictinin, apigenin glucosyl arabinoside, quercetin p
      coumaroylglucosyl-rhamnosylgalactoside, kaempferol p
      coumaroylglucosylrhamnosylgalactoside, malic acid, and pyroglutamic acid than
      tencha. The effects of some seasonal variations were also observed in the primary
      metabolite concentrations such as amino acids and organic acids. In addition,
      green tea showed stronger antioxidant activity than tencha in both April and
      July. The antioxidant activity of green tea samples were significantly correlated
      with their total phenol and total flavonoid contents. This present study
      delineates the possibility to get high umami and less astringent green teas in
      shade culture. It highlights the metabolomic approaches to find out the effect of
      cultivation methods on chemical composition in plants and the relationship with
      antioxidant activity.

PMID- 19994862
TI  - Direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions of thioamides: toward a
      stereocontrolled synthesis of 1,3-polyols.
AB  - A direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of thioamides with a soft Lewis
      acid/hard Bronsted base cooperative catalytic system comprising (R,R)-Ph
      BPE/[Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]PF(6)/LiOAr is described. Highly chemoselective deprotonative
      activation of thioamides allows for a direct aldol reaction of alpha-nonbranched
      aliphatic aldehydes, which are susceptible to self-condensation. Facile reduction
      of the thioamide functionality and a catalyst-controlled second aldol reaction
      provides 1,3-diols in a highly stereoselective manner.

PMID- 19994863
TI  - Triazolophanes: a new class of halide-selective ionophores for potentiometric
      sensors.
AB  - Triazolophanes, cyclic compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole units, are a new class
      of host molecules that demonstrate strong interactions with halides. These
      molecules are designed with a preorganized cavity that interacts through hydrogen
      bonding with spherical anions, such as chloride and bromide. We have explored the
      use of one such triazolophane as a halide-selective ionophore in poly(vinyl
      chloride) (PVC) membrane electrodes. Different membrane compositions were
      evaluated to identify concentrations of the ionophore, plasticizer, and
      lipophilic additive that give rise to the best chloride and bromide selectivity.
      The lipophilicity of the plasticizer was found to have a great impact on the
      electrode response. Additionally, the concentration of the lipophilic additive
      was found to be critical for optimal response. The utility of a triazolophane
      based electrode was demonstrated by quantification of bromide in horse serum
      samples.

PMID- 19994864
TI  - 4-Pyridylanilinothiazoles that selectively target von Hippel-Lindau deficient
      renal cell carcinoma cells by inducing autophagic cell death.
AB  - Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are refractory to standard therapy with advanced RCC
      having a poor prognosis; consequently treatment of advanced RCC represents an
      unmet clinical need. The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is mutated
      or inactivated in a majority of RCCs. We recently identified a 4-pyridyl-2
      anilinothiazole (PAT) with selective cytotoxicity against VHL-deficient renal
      cells mediated by induction of autophagy and increased acidification of
      autolysosomes. We report exploration of structure-activity relationships (SAR)
      around this PAT lead. Analogues with substituents on each of the three rings, and
      various linkers between rings, were synthesized and tested in vitro using paired
      RCC4 cell lines. A contour map describing the relative spatial contributions of
      different chemical features to potency illustrates a region, adjacent to the
      pyridyl ring, with potential for further development. Examples probing this
      domain validated this approach and may provide the opportunity to develop this
      novel chemotype as a targeted approach to the treatment of RCC.

PMID- 19994865
TI  - Direct C-H arylation and alkenylation of 1-substituted tetrazoles: phosphine as
      stabilizing factor.
AB  - Direct arylation and alkenylation of 1-substituted tetrazoles was achieved via Pd
      catalysis in the presence of CuI and Cs(2)CO(3). Unlike the related reactions of
      imidazoles and purines, phosphine ligand was necessary to prevent the
      intermediate tetrazolyl-Pd(II) species from fragmentation into the corresponding
      cyanamide. Various 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles were prepared with good to
      excellent isolated yields.

PMID- 19994866
TI  - Selective fusion, solvent dissolution, and local symmetry effects in inversion of
      colloidal crystals to ordered porous films.
AB  - Polystyrene-methacrylic core-shell nanospheres, self-assembled into face-centered
      cube-like colloidal crystals with their (001) planes parallel to the substrate,
      have been transformed into ordered pore structures by a toluene treatment.
      Detailed analysis by transmission electron microscopy reveals that the
      morphological transformation is preceded by an internal neck formation due to
      selective fusion of the polystyrene-rich core material, at the contacts between
      the nanoparticles, followed by the selective dissolution of the polystyrene-rich
      cores. We have demonstrated the importance of local symmetry and compactness of
      the nanospheres assembly in determining the nature of the neck formation and the
      existence of multiscale ordered pore structures in the square facing colloidal
      crystals. The pseudo layer-by-layer nature of the selective dissolution of square
      arranged nanosphere multilayers is responsible for the observed three-dimensional
      pore structures.

PMID- 19994867
TI  - Heats of formation of XeF(3)(+), XeF(3)(-), XeF(5)(+), XeF(7)(+), XeF(7)(-), and
      XeF(8) from high level electronic structure calculations.
AB  - Atomization energies at 0 K and heats of formation at 0 and 298 K are predicted
      for XeF(3)(+), XeF(3)(-), XeF(5)(+), XeF(7)(+), XeF(7)(-), and XeF(8) from
      coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) calculations with effective core potential
      correlation-consistent basis sets for Xe and including correlation of the nearest
      core electrons. Additional corrections are included to achieve near chemical
      accuracy of +/-1 kcal/mol. Vibrational zero point energies were computed at the
      MP2 level of theory. Unlike the other neutral xenon fluorides, XeF(8) is
      predicted to be thermodynamically unstable with respect to loss of F(2) with the
      reaction calculated to be exothermic by 22.3 kcal/mol at 0 K. XeF(7)(+) is also
      predicted to be thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of F(2) by
      24.1 kcal/mol at 0 K. For XeF(3)(+), XeF(5)(+), XeF(3)(-), XeF(5)(-), and XeF(7)(
      ), the reactions for loss of F(2) are endothermic by 14.8, 37.8, 38.2, 59.6, and
      31.9 kcal/mol at 0 K, respectively. The F(+) affinities of Xe, XeF(2), XeF(4),
      and XeF(6) are predicted to be 165.1, 155.3, 172.7, and 132.5 kcal/mol, and the
      corresponding F(-) affinities are 6.3, 19.9, 59.1, and 75.0 kcal/mol at 0 K,
      respectively.

PMID- 19994868
TI  - Hydrophobic-electrostatic balance driving the LCST offset aggregation
      redissolution behavior of N-alkylacrylamide-based ionic terpolymers.
AB  - A series of random terpolymers composed of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 2
      acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and N-tert-butylacrylamide
      (NTBAAm) monomers were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The molar
      fraction of the negatively charged monomer (AMPS) was maintained constant (0.05)
      for all studied terpolymer compositions. Turbidity measurements were used to
      evaluate the influence of the relative amount of NIPAAm and NTBAAm, polymer
      concentration, and solution ionic strength on the cloud point and redissolution
      temperatures (macroscopic phase separation). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was
      employed to elucidate some aspects regarding the molecular scale mechanism of the
      temperature-induced phase separation and to determine the low critical solution
      temperature (LCST). The aqueous solutions of terpolymers remained clear at all
      studied temperatures; turbidity was only observed in the presence of NaCl. The
      cloud point temperature (CPT) determined by turbidimetry was found to be
      systematically much higher than the LCST determined by DLS; nanosized aggregates
      were observed at temperatures between the LCST and the CPT. Both CPT and LCST
      decreased when increasing the molar ratio of NTBAAm (increased hydrophobicity).
      It was found that above a critical molar fraction of NTBAAm (0.25-0.30) the
      aggregation rate suddenly decreased. Polymers with NTBAAm content lower than 0.25
      showed a fast macroscopic phase separation, but the formed large aggregates are
      disaggregating during the cooling ramp at temperatures still higher than the
      LCST. On the contrary, polymers with NTBAAm contents above 0.30 showed a slow
      macroscopic phase separation, and the formed large aggregates only redissolved
      when LCST was reached. These differences were explained on the basis of a
      delicate balance between the electrostatic repulsion and the hydrophobic
      attractive forces, which contribute cooperatively to the formation of metastable
      nanosized aggregates.

PMID- 19994869
TI  - Phagocytosis independent extracellular nanoparticle clearance by human immune
      cells.
AB  - It has recently been discovered that human immune cells, especially neutrophil
      granulocytes, form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that abolish pathogens.
      Our study provides evidence that extracellular traps formed by neutrophils,
      monocytes and macrophages act as physical barriers for nanoparticles, thus
      presenting a new nanomaterial clearance mechanism of the human immune system.
      While particle shape is of minor importance, positive charges significantly
      enhance particle trapping.

PMID- 19994870
TI  - Periodic array of polyelectrolyte-gated organic transistors from electrospun
      poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibers.
AB  - High-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on
      polyelectrolyte gate dielectric and electrospun poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)
      nanofibers were fabricated on a flexible polymer substrate. The use of UV
      crosslinked hydrogel including ionic liquids for the insulating layer enabled
      fast and large-area fabrication of transistor arrays. The P3HT nanofibers were
      directly deposited on the methacrylated polymer substrate. During UV irradiation
      through a patterned mask, the methacrylate groups formed covalent bonds with the
      patterned polyelectrolyte dielectric layer, which provides mechanical stability
      to the devices. The OFETs operate at voltages of less than 2 V. The average field
      effect mobility and on/off ratio were approximately 2 cm(2)/(Vs) and 10(5),
      respectively.

PMID- 19994871
TI  - Highly efficient access to iminoisocoumarins and alpha-iminopyrones via AgOTf
      catalyzed intramolecular enyne-amide cyclization.
AB  - Iminoisocoumarins and alpha-iminopyrones are prepared via Sonogashira coupling
      and AgOTf-catalyzed 6-endo-dig O-cyclization of the enyne-amide system in
      dichloroethane, in one pot or stepwise, respectively.

PMID- 19994872
TI  - Efficient synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-c] [1,3]benzothiazin-6-imines and related
      tricyclic heterocycles by S(N)Ar-type C-S, C-N, or C-O bond formation with
      heterocumulenes.
AB  - A simple and practical synthetic method of pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6
      imines and related tricyclic heterocycles has been developed. Treatment of 2-(2
      haloaryl)tetrahydropyrimidines with NaH and a heterocumulene such as carbon
      disulfide, isothiocyanates, and isocyanates in DMF provides the desired
      cyclization products through a regioselective S(N)Ar-type reaction. This method
      provides direct access to PD 404182 and related compounds.

PMID- 19994873
TI  - Electronic structure of an iron-porphyrin-nitrene complex.
AB  - Middle and late transition metal imido complexes (which may also be viewed as
      metal-nitrene adducts) are rather rare, especially for square-pyramidal and
      octahedral coordination geometries. However, an iron(II) porphyrin aminonitrene
      adduct, denoted here as Fe(Por)(NN), has been known for almost a quarter of a
      century. Unlike the corresponding S = 1 oxene and S = 0 carbene adducts,
      Fe(Por)(NN) exhibits an S = 2 ground state. DFT calculations reported herein
      provide a molecular orbital description of this unusual species as well as a
      rationale for its S = 2 ground state. The electronic configuration of Fe(Por)(NN)
      may be described as d(pi)(2)d(xy)(1)d(z(2))(1)d(x(2)-y(2))(1)d(pi')(1), where the
      z direction corresponds to the Fe-NN axis. The stability and double occupancy of
      one of the d(pi) orbitals may be attributed to a pi-backbonding interaction with
      the N-N pi* orbital. The weak sigma-donor ability of the aminonitrene ligand
      results in a relatively low-energy d(z(2)) orbital and an overall d orbital
      splitting pattern that engenders a high-spin ground state.

PMID- 19994874
TI  - On the mechanism of the directed ortho and remote metalation reactions of N,N
      dialkylbiphenyl 2-carboxamides.
AB  - A study concerning the mechanism of the LDA-mediated ortho and remote metalation
      of N,N-dialkyl-2-biphenyl carboxamides (e.g., 4a) is reported. On the basis of
      site-selective lithiation/electrophile quench experiments, including deuteration,
      the LDA metalation of 4 is proposed to involve initial amide-base complexation
      (CIPE) and equilibrium formation of 5, whose fast reaction with an in situ
      electrophile (TMSCl) to afford 6 prevents its equilibration with 7. In the
      absence of an electrophile, 5 undergoes equilibration via 4a with 7, whose fate
      is instantaneous cyclization to a stable tetrahedral carbinolamine oxide 8 which,
      only upon hydrolysis, affords fluorenone (3).

PMID- 19994875
TI  - Domino ring-opening/carboxamidation reactions of N-tosyl aziridines and 2
      halophenols/pyridinol: efficient synthesis of 1,4-benzo- and pyrido-oxazepinones.
AB  - A domino process is described for the synthesis of 1,4-benzo- and pyrido
      oxazepinones by one-pot sequential ring-opening/carboxamidation reactions of
      various N-tosylaziridines with a range of 2-halophenols/pyridinol under phase
      transfer catalysis.

PMID- 19994876
TI  - Theoretical and NMR studies of deuterium isotopic perturbation of hydrogen
      bonding in symmetrical dihydroxy compounds.
AB  - Deuterium equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs) for a cage diol and 2,6
      dihydroxyacylaromatics and complexes thereof containing intra- or intermolecular
      hydrogen bonds have been calculated using harmonic and anharmonic vibrational
      frequencies using Gaussian '03 and the HF, B3LYP, and MP2 levels of theory. The
      predicted isotope effects have been compared with experimental NMR data, and the
      origins of the isotope effects have been characterized in terms of zero-point
      vibrational energy differences and enthalpic and entropic contributions to the
      free energy difference between labeled species. Reliable free energy predictions
      based upon harmonic frequencies were found for systems whose isotope effects are
      governed by bond stretching effects and for systems whose isotope effects are
      determined by low-frequency vibrational modes. In contrast, thermochemical
      predictions based upon anharmonic frequencies were found to be far less
      consistent. Vibrational entropy is predicted to play an important role in
      modulating and, in some cases, governing isotopic site preferences in hydroxyl
      derived intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

PMID- 19994877
TI  - B-->A Allomorphic transition in native starch and amylose spherocrystals
      monitored by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
AB  - The B-->A phase transition in native starch granules and spherocrystals prepared
      from DP 20-40 synthetic amylose chains was investigated in situ at intermediate
      moisture content (20-30%) by wide-angle synchrotron X-ray scattering, using a
      temperature-controlled pressure cell. The transition in native starch was
      monitored at hydrostatic pressures of 1.6-11.0 MPa and occurred in a temperature
      range of 90-110 degrees C. The transition temperature increased with increasing
      amylose content and the transition was incomplete in amylose-rich starch. The B-
      >A transition in highly crystalline amylose spherocrystals was monitored at
      pressures between 2.0 and 28.5 MPa. The transition temperature was higher than in
      native starch, ranging from 125 to 135 degrees C. At 2.0 MPa, after conversion,
      the hydrated spherocrystals melted at 185 degrees C. Surprisingly, at the same
      pressure, in excess water, the spherocrystals did not solubilize but converted to
      allomorph A at 100 degrees C and melted at 160 degrees C. For all samples, the
      transition occurred in a matter of minutes and a higher pressure decreased the
      transition temperature. For the first time, thermal expansion coefficients were
      estimated for A- and B-amylose at intermediate moisture. A strong thermal
      anisotropy was observed for A-amylose, the expansion being higher along the b
      axis than along the a-axis of the monoclinic unit cell. This anisotropy was
      attributed to the fact that, in the b-direction, amylose double helices lie at
      the same height along the chain axis while, in the a-direction, they are more
      closely packed in a zigzag fashion.

PMID- 19994878
TI  - Functional star polymers with a cholic acid core and their thermosensitive
      properties.
AB  - Star polymers derived from cholic acid with poly(allyl glycidyl ether) arms have
      been prepared via anionic polymerization, yielding polymers with well-defined
      molecular weight and low polydispersity. The double bonds of the allyl groups on
      the polymer are used to introduce either amine or carboxylic acid groups to
      obtain amphiphilic polymers with cationic and anionic groups, respectively. The
      polymers can aggregate in water above a certain critical concentration, which was
      found to vary with the arm length of the star polymers. The star polymers bearing
      amino groups showed interesting thermosensitivity, which also depends on the pH
      of the media. A simple acetylation of the amine groups can sharpen the transition
      and vary the cloud point from 15 to 48 degrees C, depending on the degree of
      acetylation. Such polymers offer useful alternatives to the existing
      thermosensitive polymers.

PMID- 19994880
TI  - Temperature-dependent raman spectroscopy of lithium triflate-PEO complexes: phase
      equilibrium and component interactions.
AB  - Poly(ethylene oxide) and complexes of lithium trifluorosulfonate-poly(ethylene
      oxide) (LiTf-PEO) with 4 <or= O/Li <or= 18 have been studied by Raman
      spectroscopy from room temperature up to 160 degrees C. The Raman spectrum of the
      (PEO)(3)LiTf defined compound has been deduced from the experimental data.
      Subtraction of the Raman spectrum due to (PEO)(3)LiTf in each sample allowed us
      to determine for the first time the composition and the Li(+)-Tf(-) and Li(+)-PEO
      interactions in the part of the polymer not crystallized as (PEO)(3)LiTf. It is
      shown that the local interactions between cation and anion or between cation and
      PEO chain persist even in the melted state, up to near the liquidus temperature.
      In particular, the Li(+)-PEO interactions decrease significantly just below the
      liquidus temperature with a simultaneous strong increase in the ion pair
      concentration.

PMID- 19994879
TI  - Two bathointermediates of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle, from time-resolved
      nanosecond spectra in the visible.
AB  - Time-resolved measurements were performed on wild-type bacteriorhodopsin with an
      optical multichannel analyzer in the spectral range 350-735 nm, from 100 ns to
      the photocycle completion, at four temperatures in the 5-30 degrees C range. The
      intent was to examine the possibility of two K-like bathochromic intermediates
      and to obtain their spectra and kinetics in the visible. The existence of a
      second K-like intermediate, termed KL, had been postulated (Shichida et al.,
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1983, 723, 240-246) to reconcile inconsistencies in data
      in the pico- and microsecond time domains. However, introduction of KL led to a
      controversy, since neither its visible spectrum nor its kinetics could be
      confirmed. Infrared data (Dioumaev and Braiman, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 1655
      1662) revealed a state which might have been considered a homologue to KL, but it
      had a kinetic pattern different from that of the earlier proposed KL. Here, we
      characterize two distinct K-like intermediates, K(E) ("early") and K(L) ("late"),
      by their spectra and kinetics in the visible as revealed by global kinetic
      analysis. The K(E)-to-K(L) transition has a time constant of approximately 250 ns
      at 20 degrees C, and describes a shift from K(E) with lambda(max) at
      approximately 600 nm and extinction of approximately 56,000 M(-1) x cm(-1) to
      K(L) with lambda(max) at approximately 590 nm and extinction of approximately
      50,000 M(-1) x cm(-1). The temperature dependence of this transition is
      characterized by an enthalpy of activation of DeltaH(++) approximately 40 kJ/mol
      and a positive entropy of activation of DeltaS(++)/R approximately 4. The
      consequences of multiple K-like states for interpreting the spectral evolution in
      the early stages of the photocycle are discussed.

PMID- 19994882
TI  - Hydrophobization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan and paper-based packaging
      material.
AB  - This study reports the elaboration of water-resistant, antimicrobial, chitosan
      and paper-based materials as environmentally friendly food packaging materials.
      Two types of papers were coated with chitosan-palmitic acid emulsions or with a
      blend of chitosan and O,O'-dipalmitoylchitosan (DPCT). Micromorphology studies
      showed that inclusion of hydrophobic compounds into the chitosan matrix was
      enhanced by grafting them onto chitosan and that this led to their penetration of
      the paper's core. Compared to chitosan-coated papers, the coating of chitosan
      palmitic emulsion kept vapor-barrier properties unchanged (239 and 170 g.m(-2).d(
      1) versus 241 and 161 g.m(-2).d(-1)), while the coating of chitosan-DPCT emulsion
      dramatically deteriorated them (441 and 442 g.m(-2).d(-1)). However, contact
      angle measurements (110-120 degrees after 1 min) and penetration dynamics
      analysis showed that both strategies improved liquid-water resistance of the
      materials. Kit-test showed that all hydrophobized chitosan-coated papers kept
      good grease barrier properties (degree of resistance 6-8/12). Finally, all
      chitosan-coated materials exhibited over 98% inhibition on Salmonella Typhimurium
      and Listeria monocytogenes .

PMID- 19994881
TI  - Theoretical and experimental studies of the isomeric protonation in solution for
      a prototype aliphatic ring containing two nitrogens.
AB  - Theoretical calculations were carried out for studying the tautomeric protonation
      of N-methylpiperazine as a prototype six-member aliphatic ring containing a
      secondary and a tertiary nitrogen atom. The protonation was investigated in three
      solvents, water, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane. Calculations were performed
      up to the B3LYP/aug-cc-pvtz and QCISD(T)/CBS levels by applying the IEF-PCM
      polarizable continuum dielectric solvent model. Relative solvation free energies
      also were calculated upon explicit solvent models by utilizing the free-energy
      perturbation theory as implemented in Monte Carlo simulations. The relative free
      energy for the N-methylpiperazine tautomer protonated at the secondary (NMps)
      rather than at the tertiary (NMpt) nitrogen was calculated at a ratio of 47/53 in
      infinitely dilute aqueous solution. The ratio further decreased in lower-polarity
      solvents. In contrast, NMR experiments suggested that the protonation takes place
      primarily at the secondary nitrogen in 0.37 molar aqueous solution with NMps/NMpt
      = 80/20. The NMps tautomer was exclusive in dichloromethane at the same
      concentration. The discrepancy between theory and experiment was resolved by
      considering association equilibria in parallel with the protonation for the
      solute. As a result, the theoretically predicted tautomer ratios were obtained in
      close agreement with the experimental values. The NMps tautomer could form a
      preferable dimeric structure, where one or two chloride anion(s) was/were in
      hydrogen bonds with protons of the associating monomers. The calculations suggest
      that the proton relocation may take place by solvent assistance in water or along
      an intramolecular proton jump in the twist-boat conformation. The predicted
      activation free energy was about 10 kcal/mol on the basis of variable-temperature
      NMR experiments in DCM.

PMID- 19994883
TI  - Nitration processes of acetaminophen in nitrifying activated sludge.
AB  - This work is an attempt to elucidate the quantitative significance of
      acetaminophen (APAP) nitration in nitrifying activated sludge and to propose a
      reaction mechanism for this process. The link between nitrification and nitration
      of APAP was investigated at different scales. Results from field studies showed
      the occurrence of 3-nitro-APAP and to a lesser extent 3-chloro-5-nitro-APAP at
      concentration levels in the 50-300 ng/L range in effluents of a full scale
      wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operated with nitrogen removal, whereas 3
      hydroxy-APAP was eliminated after the nitrification step. Batch experiments with
      nitrifying activated sludge confirmed APAP transformation by nitration and
      suggested that nitrifying bacteria may play a role in this transformation process
      through the release of reactive nitrogen species. In vitro assays provided
      evidence that nitration through the production of nitrous acid is a very unlikely
      pathway. In contrast, nitric oxide (*NO) produced by nitrifying bacteria is
      probably involved in APAP nitration through the formation of peroxynitrite in
      presence of superoxide anion. The production of 3-nitro-APAP would only account
      for a few percents of the total transformation rate of APAP in WWTPs. The
      production of nitrated derivatives is highly relevant because of the potential
      ecotoxicological risks of these compounds.

PMID- 19994884
TI  - Rust-dissolving bugs may chow down with variety of utensils.
AB  - S. oneidensis mutant impaired in adhering to an iron oxide can still reduce it.

PMID- 19994885
TI  - Design of liquid crystals with "de Vries-like" properties: frustration between
      SmA- and SmC-promoting elements.
AB  - According to a new design strategy for "de Vries-like" liquid crystal materials,
      which are characterized by a maximum layer contraction of < or = 1% upon
      transition from the SmA phase to the SmC phase, we report the synthesis and
      characterization of two homologous series of organosiloxane mesogens. The design
      of these new materials is based on a frustration between one structural element
      that promotes the formation of a SmC phase (a trisiloxane-terminated side-chain)
      and one that promotes the formation of a SmA phase (either a chloro-terminated
      side-chain or a 5-phenylpyrimidine core). Measurements of smectic layer spacing d
      as a function of temperature by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with
      optical tilt angle measurements revealed that the mesogens 5-(4-(11
      (1,1,1,3,3,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxanyl)-undecyloxy)phenyl)-2-(1
      alkyloxy)pyrimidine (3(n)) undergo SmA-SmC phase transitions with maximum layer
      contractions ranging from 0.5% to 1.4%. A comparison of reduction factors R and f
      suggests that this behavior is due in part to a pronounced negative thermal
      expansion in the SmC phase that counterbalances the layer contraction caused by
      increasing tilt. SAXS measurements also revealed that compounds 3(n) are
      characterized by low orientational and high translational order, which is
      consistent with theoretical predictions that such materials should exhibit de
      Vries-like properties. The R values for series 3(n) are comparable to, and even
      lower than, those reported for established de Vries-like materials such as the
      perfluorinated 2-phenylpyrimidine material 3M 8422.

PMID- 19994886
TI  - Kinetic resolution of 2,3-dihydro-2-substituted 4-quinolones by palladium
      catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation.
AB  - The kinetic resolution of a carbon nucleophile is realized for the first time via
      Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation with "unstabilized" ketone enolates as
      the nucleophile, providing both allylated 2,3-disubstituted 2,3-dihydro-4
      quinolones and recovered substrates in high yields and high ee (S-factor is 40
      145). The application of the methodology in organic synthesis is demonstrated by
      the ready transformation of an allylated adduct into pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline,
      which features a core structure of biologically active Martinella alkaloids.

PMID- 19994887
TI  - Broadening the scope of group 4 hydroamination catalysis using a tethered ureate
      ligand.
AB  - A broadly applicable group-4-based precatalyst for the hydroamination of primary
      and secondary amines was developed. Screening experiments involving a series of
      amide and urea proligands led to the discovery of a tethered bis(ureate)
      zirconium complex with unprecedented reactivity in the intermolecular
      hydroamination of alkynes and the intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes. This
      catalyst system is effective with primary and secondary amines, 1,2-disubstituted
      alkenes, and heteroatom-containing functional groups, including ethers, silanes,
      amines, and heteroaromatics. The gem-disubstituent effect is not required for
      cyclization. The catalyst is generally regioselective for the anti-Markovnikov
      product of intermolecular alkyne hydroamination, and chemoselective for
      hydroamination over alpha-alkylation when forming 6- and 7-membered rings from
      aminoalkenes.

PMID- 19994888
TI  - Size exclusion chromatography for the quantitative profiling of the enzyme
      catalyzed hydrolysis of Xylo-oligosaccharides.
AB  - High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) is a widely used method
      for the qualitative profiling of oligosaccharide mixtures, including, for
      example, enzymatic hydrolysates of plant biomass materials. A novel method
      employing HPSEC for the quantitative analytical profiling of the progress of
      enzymatic hydrolysis of different xylan substrates was developed. The method
      relies on dividing the HPSEC elution profiles into fixed time intervals and
      utilizing the linear refractive index response (area under the curve) of defined
      standard compounds. To obtain optimal HPSEC profiles, the method was designed
      using 0.1 M CH(3)COONa both in the mobile phase and as the sample solution
      matrix, after systematic evaluation of the influence of the mobile phase,
      including the type, ionic strength, and pH, on the refractive index detector
      response. A time study of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of birchwood xylan and
      wheat bran by a Bacillus subtilis XynA xylanase (GH 11) was used as an example to
      demonstrate the workability of the HPSEC method for obtaining progress curves
      describing the evolution in the product profile during enzyme catalysis.

PMID- 19994889
TI  - Tailored electrochemical synthesis of 2D-hexagonal, lamellar, and cage-type
      mesostructured Pt thin films with extralarge periodicity.
AB  - We report the synthesis of mesostructured Pt films with extralarge periodicity
      from lyotropic liquid crystals consisting of block copolymers (polystyrene-b
      polyethylene oxide, PS-b-PEO) on Au substrates by electrochemical deposition. The
      Pt films with three types of (two-dimensional (2D)-hexagonal, lamellar, and cage
      type) mesostructures are successfully synthesized by controlling the
      compositional ratio between block copolymers and Pt species in precursor
      solutions. The mesostructured Pt films have high electrochemically active surface
      areas. The bumpy mesopore surfaces, which reflect the mesopore walls consisting
      of connected nanoparticles, greatly contribute to the enhancement of the surface
      areas. The mesopore walls have single crystal domains over 400 nm(2) region
      proved by the lattice fringes of Pt extending over several nanoparticles.

PMID- 19994890
TI  - Anticancer effects of flavonoid derivatives isolated from Millettia reticulata
      Benth in SK-Hep-1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
AB  - Millettia reticulata Benth is cultivated in Asian countries. M. reticulata Benth
      has multiple biological functions and is one of the oldest tonic herbs in
      traditional Chinese medicine. It has been elevated to one of the most commonly
      used herbs in modern Chinese medicine. The aims of this work were to study the in
      vitro anticancer activity of flavonoid derivatives isolated from the stems of M.
      reticulata Benth. Six flavonoid derivatives including (-)-epicatechin (1),
      naringenin (2), 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (3), formononetin (4),
      isoliquiritigenin (5), and genistein (6) were isolated from the stems of M.
      reticulata Benth. The structures of 1-6 were determined by spectroscopic methods.
      The effects of flavonoid derivatives (1-6) on the viability of human cancer cells
      (including HepG2, SK-Hep-1, Huh7, PLC5, COLO 205, HT-29, and SW 872 cells) were
      investigated. The results indicated that genistein (6) had the strongest
      inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 16.23 microM in SK-Hep-1 human
      hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Treatment of SK-Hep-1 cells with genistein (6)
      caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot data revealed that
      genistein (6) stimulated an increase in the protein expression of Fas, FasL, and
      p53. Additionally, treatment with genistein (6) changed the ratio of expression
      levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and subsequently induced
      the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which was followed by cleavage of
      poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results demonstrate that genistein (6)
      induces apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells via both Fas- and mitochondria-mediated
      pathways.

PMID- 19994891
TI  - Development of a stable isotope dilution analysis for the quantification of the
      Bacillus cereus toxin cereulide in foods.
AB  - An increasing number of severe food borne intoxications are caused by a highly
      stable depsipeptide, named cereulide, which is produced by emetic Bacillus cereus
      strains. As cereulide poses a health risk to humans, the development of an
      appropriate method for the analysis of this toxin is mandatory. Therefore, the
      reference material of cereulide as well as its (13)C(6)-isotopologue was prepared
      by means of a biosynthetic approach using a B. cereus culture, followed by a
      rapid but efficient downstream purification. After structure confirmation by
      means of liquid chromatography (LC)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, LC-tandem
      mass spectrometry, and one-/two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, a stable isotope
      dilution analysis (SIDA) was developed for the quantification of cereulide in
      foods using the (13)C(6)-cereulide as the internal standard. Validation
      experiments were performed, and the data were compared to the quantitative
      analysis using the structurally related valinomycin instead of the (13)C(6)
      cereulide as an internal standard. Trueness, repeatability, and reproducibility
      expressed as relative standard deviation showed values <10 or <8% for valinomycin
      or <8% for (13)C(6)-cereulide, respectively. Furthermore, the MS response of the
      valinomycin was found to be significantly influenced by the food matrix, thus
      leading to rather low recovery rates of 91% from boiled rice and 80% from boiled
      rice supplemented with 10% sunflower oil. In comparison, the use of (13)C(6)
      cereulide as an internal standard gave good recovery rates of 104 and 111% from
      both matrices, thus demonstrating the robustness and accuracy of the developed
      SIDA.

PMID- 19994892
TI  - Local indices for similarity analysis (LISA)-a 3D-QSAR formalism based on local
      molecular similarity.
AB  - A simple quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) approach termed
      local indices for similarity analysis (LISA) has been developed. In this
      technique, the global molecular similarity is broken up as local similarity at
      each grid point surrounding the molecules and is used as a QSAR descriptor. In
      this way, a view of the molecular sites permitting favorable and rational changes
      to enhance activity is obtained. The local similarity index, calculated on the
      basis of Petke's formula, segregates the regions into "equivalent", "favored
      similar", and "disfavored similar" (alternatively "favored dissimilar")
      potentials with respect to a reference molecule in the data set. The method has
      been tested on three large and diverse data sets-thrombin, glycogen phosphorylase
      b, and thermolysin inhibitors. The QSAR models derived using genetic algorithm
      incorporated partial least square analysis statistics are found to be comparable
      to the ones obtained by the standard three-dimensional (3D)-QSAR methods, such as
      comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices
      analysis. The graphical interpretation of the LISA models is straightforward, and
      the outcome of the models corroborates well with literature data. The LISA models
      give insight into the binding mechanisms of the ligand with the enzyme and allow
      fine-tuning of the molecules at the local level to improve their activity.

PMID- 19994893
TI  - Photocytotoxic trans-diam(m)ine platinum(IV) diazido complexes more potent than
      their cis isomers.
AB  - The photocytotoxicity of a series of anticancer trans-dihydroxido
      [Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(X)] (X = alkyl or aryl amine) platinum(IV) diazido
      complexes has been examined, and the influence of cis-trans isomerism has been
      investigated. A series of photoactivatable Pt(IV)-azido complexes has been
      synthesized: The synthesis, characterization, and photocytotoxicity of six mixed
      ligand ammine/amine Pt(IV) diazido complexes, cis,trans,cis
      [Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(X)] where X = propylamine (4c), butylamine (5c), or
      pentylamine (6c) and aromatic complexes where X = pyridine (7c), 2-methylpyridine
      (8c), or 3-methylpyridine (9c) are reported. Six all-trans isomers have also been
      studied where X = methylamine (2t), ethylamine (3t), 2-methylpyridine (8t), 4
      methylpyridine (10t), 3-methylpyridine (9t), and 2-bromo-3-methylpyridine (11t).
      All of the complexes exhibit intense azide-to-Pt(IV) LMCT bands (ca. 290 nm for
      trans and ca. 260 nm for cis). When irradiated with UVA light (365 nm), the
      Pt(IV) complexes undergo photoreduction to Pt(II) species, as monitored by UV-vis
      spectroscopy. The trans isomers of complexes containing aliphatic or aromatic
      amines were more photocytotoxic than their cis isomers. One of the cis complexes
      (9c) was nonphotocytotoxic despite undergoing photoreduction. Substitution of
      NH(3) ligands by MeNH(2) or EtNH(2) results in more potent photocytotoxicity for
      the all-trans complexes. The complexes were all nontoxic toward human
      keratinocytes (HaCaT) and A2780 human ovarian cancer cells in the dark, apart
      from the 3-methylpyridine (9t), 2-bromo-3-methylpyridine (11t), and 4
      methylpyridine (10t) derivatives.

PMID- 19994894
TI  - Pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides in composite diet samples from
      Atlanta, USA adults.
AB  - Four pyrethroid (permethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin) and 3
      organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion) pesticides were measured in
      4 days of 24 h duplicate diet samples collected from 12 Atlanta adults over two
      cycles (2005-2006). Samples were composited into 9 categories, by food type, to
      evaluate their contribution to daily intakes. The resulting 437 samples were
      analyzed using a multiresidue method using liquid-liquid and solid-phase
      extraction followed by quantification via gas chromatograph with electron-capture
      detection. Total daily intakes (mg/kg-d) were calculated by summing the mass of a
      pesticide in all composites collected that day and dividing by body weight.
      Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and cypermethrin in were detected in a range of composite
      types at frequencies > or =30%, whereas other pesticides were detected at lower
      frequencies. Concentrations ranged from the detection limits (0.38-0.88 ng/g) to
      several hundred ng/g, exceeding U.S. tolerances in a few cases. We also detected
      pesticides in some foods labeled organic. Total daily intakes were below the U.S.
      Environmental Protection Agency's oral reference doses, except in 6% of cases
      when the organophosphorus concentrations were summed. Results show frequent
      dietary exposure of our participants to the target pesticides from a range of
      food types.

PMID- 19994895
TI  - Isomer-specific bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of Dechlorane Plus in the
      freshwater food web from a highly contaminated site, South China.
AB  - Dechlorane Plus (DP), a highly chlorinated flame retardant, has been detected in
      water, sediment, and aquatic organisms in a reservoir in the vicinity of
      electronic waste recycling workshops in South China. The biomagnification
      potential of DP in the food web was assessed and compared with that of
      polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). DP
      was detected in all of the aquatic species, with concentrations of 19.1-9630 ng/g
      lipid wt. A depletion of anti-DP was observed in organisms compared with abiotic
      samples and the fraction of anti-DP was found to be further decreased upon moving
      up the trophic levels. This result suggested a stereospecific metabolism of anti
      DP and/or isomer-selective uptake of syn-DP was occurring in organisms. Both syn-
      and anti-DP were significantly biomagnified in the present food web, with trophic
      magnification factors (TMFs) of 11.3 and 6.6, respectively. The trophic
      magnification potentials of the DP isomers were generally comparable to or lower
      than those of the highly recalcitrant PCB congeners in the same food web, but
      were 2-3 times greater than those of PBDE congeners.

PMID- 19994896
TI  - Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed as analyzed by a multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS
      method.
AB  - Crops used for animal feed can be easily contaminated by fungi during growth,
      harvest, or storage, resulting in the occurrence of mycotoxins. Because animal
      feed plays an important role in the food safety chain, the European Commission
      has set maximum levels for aflatoxin B1 and recommended maximum levels for
      deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and the sum of fumonisin B1 and B2. A
      multimycotoxin LC-MS/MS method was developed, validated according to Commission
      Decision 2002/657/EC and EN ISO 17025 accredited for the simultaneous detection
      of 23 mycotoxins (aflatoxin-B1, aflatoxin-B2, aflatoxin-G1, aflatoxin-G2,
      ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin
      B3, T2-toxin, HT2-toxin, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15
      acetyldeoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, neosolaniol, altenuene,
      alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, roquefortine-C, and sterigmatocystin) in
      feed. The decision limits of the multimycotoxin method varied from 0.7 to 60.6
      microg/kg. The apparent recovery and the results of the precision study fulfilled
      the performance criteria as set in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The analysis
      of three different feed matrices (sow feed, wheat, and maize) provided a good
      basis for the evaluation of the toxin exposure in animal production. In total, 67
      samples out of 82 (82%) were contaminated; type B-trichothecenes and fumonisins
      occurred most often. The majority of the infected feed samples (75%) were
      contaminated with more than one type of mycotoxin.

PMID- 19994897
TI  - Gold, copper, and platinum nanoparticles dispersed on CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110)
      surfaces: high water-gas shift activity and the nature of the mixed-metal oxide
      at the nanometer level.
AB  - At small coverages of ceria on TiO(2)(110), the CeO(x) nanoparticles have an
      unusual coordination mode. Scanning tunneling microscopy and density-functional
      calculations point to the presence of Ce(2)O(3) dimers, which form diagonal
      arrays that have specific orientations of 0, 24, and 42 degrees with respect to
      the [1 -1 0] direction of the titania substrate. At high coverages of ceria on
      TiO(2)(110), the surface exhibits two types of terraces. In one type, the
      morphology is not very different from that observed at low ceria coverage.
      However, in the second type of terrace, there is a compact array of ceria
      particles with structures that do not match the structures of CeO(2)(111) or
      CeO(2)(110). The titania substrate imposes on the ceria nanoparticles nontypical
      coordination modes, enhancing their chemical reactivity. This phenomenon leads to
      a larger dispersion of supported metal nanoparticles (M = Au, Cu, Pt) and makes
      possible the direct participation of the oxide in catalytic reactions. The
      M/CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110) surfaces display an extremely high catalytic activity for
      the water-gas shift reaction that follows the sequence Au/CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110) <
      Cu/CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110) < Pt/CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110). For low coverages of Cu and
      CeO(x), Cu/CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110) is 8-12 times more active than Cu(111) or Cu/ZnO
      industrial catalysts. In the M/CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110) systems, there is a strong
      coupling of the chemical properties of the admetal and the mixed-metal oxide: The
      adsorption and dissociation of water probably take place on the oxide, CO adsorbs
      on the admetal nanoparticles, and all subsequent reaction steps occur at the
      oxide-admetal interface. The high catalytic activity of the M/CeO(x)/TiO(2)(110)
      surfaces reflects the unique properties of the mixed-metal oxide at the nanometer
      level.

PMID- 19994898
TI  - Purification of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) by ultrafiltration: effect of pH,
      ionic strength, and membrane properties.
AB  - Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) was purified from hen egg yolk water-soluble protein
      fraction by ultrafiltration-diafiltration with different membranes. The effect of
      changing solution properties (pH and ionic strength) on purification factor (P),
      process selectivity (Psi), and IgY recovery (RIgY) was studied. Salt presence
      (150 and 1500 mM) decreased the selectivity and purity factor. This effect was
      more evident at pH values closer to or higher than the IgY's isoelectric point.
      The best results were obtained in the absence of salt at pH values of 5.7 and 6.7
      using poliethersulfone (PES) and modified PES (MPES), respectively. Process
      selectivity was doubled, and IgY's purification factors were increased in more
      than 1 order of magnitude when diafiltration was used. Results from this work
      show the potential of membrane technology for the purification of IgY from hen's
      egg yolk.

PMID- 19994899
TI  - Competitive adsorption and assembly of block copolymer blends on nanopatterned
      surfaces.
AB  - By employing off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations, the competitive adsorption and
      assembly of block copolymer blends on a nanopatterned surface were investigated.
      The segment distributions and polymer configurations are examined by varying the
      chemical structures of polymers, the interactions between segments and adsorbing
      stripe domains of the nanopatterned surface, and the width of stripe domains in
      the nanopatterned surface. The simulation results show that by modulating the
      affinities between a copolymer and the adsorbing stripe domain, one can adjust
      the density distributions and adsorption properties of block copolymer blends.
      With decorating the chemical structure of a surface, the targeted molecules would
      be actively recognized and separated. This offers a versatile way for novel
      separation materials and for the fabrication of nanomaterials.

PMID- 19994900
TI  - Adsorption induced enzyme denaturation: the role of polymer hydrophobicity in
      adsorption and denaturation of alpha-chymotrypsin on allyl glycidyl ether (AGE)
      ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) copolymers.
AB  - Effects of changes in hydrophobicity of polymeric support on structure and
      activity of alpha-chymotrypsin (E.C. 3.4.21.1) have been studied with copolymers
      of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) with
      increasing molar ratio of EGDM to AGE (cross-link density 0.05 to 1.5). The
      enzyme is readily adsorbed from aqueous buffer at room temperature following
      Langmuir adsorption isotherms in unexpectedly large amounts (25% w/w). Relative
      hydrophobicity of the copolymers has been assessed by studying adsorption of
      naphthalene and Fmoc-methionine by the series of copolymers from aqueous
      solutions. Polymer hydrophobicity appears to increase linearly on increasing
      cross-link density from 0.05 to 0.25. Further increase in cross-link density
      causes a decrease in naphthalene binding but has little effect on binding of Fmoc
      Met. Binding of alpha-chymotrypsin to these copolymers follow the trend for Fmoc
      methionine binding, rather than naphthalene binding, indicating involvement of
      polar interactions along with hydrophobic interactions during binding of protein
      to the polymer. The adsorbed enzyme undergoes extensive denaturation (ca. 80%)
      with loss of both tertiary and secondary structure on contact with the copolymers
      as revealed by fluorescence, CD and Raman spectra of the adsorbed protein.
      Comparison of enzyme adsorption behavior with Eupergit C, macroporous Amberlite
      XAD-2, and XAD-7 suggests that polar interactions of the EGDM ester functional
      groups with the protein play a significant role in enzyme denaturation.

PMID- 19994901
TI  - Intermediate rate atomic trajectories of RNA by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Many RNAs undergo large conformational changes in response to the binding of
      proteins and small molecules. However, when RNA functional dynamics occur in the
      nanosecond-microsecond time scale, they become invisible to traditional solution
      NMR relaxation methods. Residual dipolar coupling methods have revealed the
      presence of extensive nanosecond-microsecond domain motions in HIV-1 TAR RNA, but
      this technique lacks information on the rates of motions. We have used solid
      state deuterium NMR to quantitatively describe trajectories of key residues in
      TAR by exploiting the sensitivity of this technique to motions that occur in the
      nanosecond-microsecond regime. Deuterium line shape and relaxation data were used
      to model motions of residues within the TAR binding interface. The resulting
      motional models indicate two functionally essential bases within the single
      stranded bulge sample both the free and Tat-bound conformations on the
      microsecond time scale in the complete absence of the protein. Thus, our results
      strongly support a conformational capture mechanism for recognition: the protein
      does not induce a new RNA structure, but instead captures an already-populated
      conformation.

PMID- 19994903
TI  - Particle emissions, volatility, and toxicity from an ethanol fumigated
      compression ignition engine.
AB  - Particle emissions, volatility, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species
      (ROS) were investigated for a pre-Euro I compression ignition engine to study the
      potential health impacts of employing ethanol fumigation technology. Engine
      testing was performed in two separate experimental campaigns with most testing
      performed at intermediate speed with four different load settings and various
      ethanol substitutions. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to
      determine particle size distributions, a volatilization tandem differential
      mobility analyzer (V-TDMA) was used to explore particle volatility, and a new
      profluorescent nitroxide probe, BPEAnit, was used to investigate the potential
      toxicity of particles. The greatest particulate mass reduction was achieved with
      ethanol fumigation at full load, which contributed to the formation of a
      nucleation mode. Ethanol fumigation increased the volatility of particles by
      coating the particles with organic material or by making extra organic material
      available as an external mixture. In addition, the particle-related ROS
      concentrations increased with ethanol fumigation and were associated with the
      formation of a nucleation mode. The smaller particles, the increased volatility,
      and the increase in potential particle toxicity with ethanol fumigation may
      provide a substantial barrier for the uptake of fumigation technology using
      ethanol as a supplementary fuel.

PMID- 19994902
TI  - Chromium(VI) stimulates Fyn to initiate innate immune gene induction in human
      airway epithelial cells.
AB  - Mechanisms for pathogenic metal signaling in airway injury or disease promotion
      are poorly understood. It is widely believed that one mechanism for pathogenic
      and possible carcinogenic effects of inhaled chromium (Cr(VI)) is inhibition of
      inducible gene transactivation. However, we recently reported that Cr(VI)
      inhibition of Sp1-dependent transactivation required signal transducer and
      activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-dependent expression of an inhibitory
      protein in airway epithelium. Thus, Cr(VI) exposures can induce genes, and we
      hypothesized that this induction resulted from Cr(VI) signaling through an innate
      immune-like STAT1-dependent pathway initiated by Fyn. Exposure of human airway
      epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells to Cr(VI) selectively transactivated the STAT
      responsive interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and induced ISRE-driven
      transactivation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), without affecting the
      gamma interferon-activated site (GAS)-driven IRF1 expression. Cr(VI)-induced IRF7
      was absent or greatly reduced in cells that lacked STAT1, were treated with the
      Src family kinase inhibitor, PP2, or lacked Fyn. Expressing Fyn, but not Src, in
      mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells null for Src, Yes, and Fyn restored Cr(VI)
      stimulated STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation and IRF7 expression. Finally, shRNA
      knockdown of Fyn in BEAS-2B cells prevented Cr(VI)-activated STAT1
      transactivation of IRF7. These data support a novel mechanism through which
      Cr(VI) stimulates Fyn to initiate interferon-like signaling for STAT1-dependent
      gene transactivation.

PMID- 19994904
TI  - Combustion parametric optimization for all gas-phase iodine laser driven by
      D(2)/NF(3)/DCl combustion and self-pooling of NCl(a) catalyzed by NF(a)/NF(b).
AB  - Combustion parametric optimization for all gas-phase iodine laser driven by
      D(2)/NF(3)/DCl combustion was performed, and an energy transfer channel called
      self-pooling of NCl(a) catalyzed by NF(a)/NF(b) was presented. The results show
      that a flow rate ratio of NF(3) and D(2) of 0.8 to 1.5 and DCl and D(2) of >1.5
      is necessary for high efficiency of Cl atoms generation. The results also show
      that NF(a) and NF(b) from the reaction of HN(3) and residual F atoms or from the
      D(2)/NF(3) combustion have a serious effect on the generation and transport of
      NCl(a) via the NF(a) direct quenching of NCl(a) or via the catalysis of
      NF(a)/NF(b) on NCl(a) self-pooling. The generation of NF can be avoided if
      sufficient DCl was used and the NF(3)/D(2) flow rate ratio was properly
      controlled.

PMID- 19994905
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of small beta-peptidomimetics based on the pharmacophore
      model of short cationic antimicrobial peptides.
AB  - We have synthesized a series of small beta-peptidomimetics (M(w) <650) that were
      based on the minimal pharmacophore model for anti-Staphylococcal activity of
      short cationic antimicrobial peptides. All beta-peptidomimetics had a net charge
      of +2 and formed an amphipathic scaffold consisting of an achiral lipophilic
      beta(2,2)-amino acid coupled to a C-terminal l-arginine amide residue. By varying
      the lipophilic side-chains of the beta(2,2)-amino acids, we obtained a series of
      highly potent beta-peptidomimetics with high enzymatic stability against alpha
      chymotrypsin and a general low toxicity against human erythrocytes. The most
      potent beta-peptidomimetics displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2.1
      7.2 muM against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus (MRSA), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and
      Escherichia coli. Small amphipathic beta-peptidomimetics may be a promising class
      of antimicrobial agents by means of having a similar range of potency and
      selectivity as larger cationic antimicrobial peptides in addition to improved
      enzymatic stability and lower costs of production.

PMID- 19994906
TI  - Ring-rearrangement metathesis of cyclopropenes: synthesis of heterocycles.
AB  - Cyclopropenes substituted by an unsaturated side chain have been successfully
      involved in ring-rearrangement metatheses leading to heterocyclic compounds,
      thereby expanding the synthetic potential of metathesis reactions with this class
      of highly strained cycloalkenes.

PMID- 19994908
TI  - Singlet oxygen in the environmental sciences, VIII. Production of O2(1 delta g)
      by Energy Transfer from Excited Benzaldehyde under Simulated Atmospheric
      Conditions.

PMID- 19994907
TI  - Selective inhibition of DNA replicase assembly by a non-natural nucleotide:
      exploiting the structural diversity of ATP-binding sites.
AB  - DNA synthesis is catalyzed by an ensemble of proteins designated the replicase.
      The efficient assembly of this multiprotein complex is essential for the
      continuity of DNA replication and is mediated by clamp-loading accessory proteins
      that use ATP binding and hydrolysis to coordinate these events. As a consequence,
      the ability to selectively inhibit the activity of these accessory proteins
      provides a rational approach to regulate DNA synthesis. Toward this goal, we
      tested the ability of several non-natural nucleotides to inhibit ATP-dependent
      enzymes associated with DNA replicase assembly. Kinetic and biophysical studies
      identified 5-nitro-indolyl-2'-deoxyribose-5'-triphosphate as a unique non-natural
      nucleotide capable of selectively inhibiting the bacteriophage T4 clamp loader
      versus the homologous enzyme from Escherichia coli. Modeling studies highlight
      the structural diversity between the ATP-binding site of each enzyme and provide
      a mechanism accounting for the differences in potencies for various substituted
      indolyl-2'-deoxyribose-5'-triphosphates. An in vivo assay measuring plaque
      formation demonstrates the efficacy and selectivity of 5-nitro-indolyl-2'
      deoxyribose as a cytostatic agent against T4 bacteriophage while leaving
      viability of the E. coli host unaffected. This strategy provides a novel approach
      to develop agents that selectively inhibit ATP-dependent enzymes that are
      required for efficient DNA replication.

PMID- 19994909
TI  - Kolmogorov-Smirnov scores and intrinsic mass tolerances for peptide mass
      fingerprinting.
AB  - Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) uses proteolytic peptide masses and a
      prespecified search database to identify proteins. At the core of a PMF database
      search algorithm lies a quality statistic that gauges the level to which an
      experimentally obtained peak list agrees with a list of theoretically observable
      mass-to-charge ratios for a protein in a database. In this paper, we propose,
      implement and evaluate using a statistical (Kolmogorov-Smirnov-based) test
      computed for a large mass error threshold to avoid the choice of appropriate mass
      tolerance by the user. We use the mass tolerance identified by the Kolmogorov
      Smirnov test for computing other quality measures. The results from our careful
      and extensive benchmarks using publicly available gold-standard data sets suggest
      that the new method of computing the quality statistics without requiring the end
      user to select a mass tolerance is competitive. We investigate the similarity
      measures in terms of their information content and conclude that the similarity
      measures are complementary and can be combined into a scoring function to
      possibly improve upon the over all accuracy of PMF based identification methods.

PMID- 19994910
TI  - Reactions of O2.DELTA.g with olefins and their significance in air pollution.

PMID- 19994911
TI  - Multivariate modeling and prediction of breast cancer prognostic factors using MR
      metabolomics.
AB  - Axillary lymph node status together with estrogen and progesterone receptor
      status are important prognostic factors in breast cancer. In this study, the
      potential of using MR metabolomics for prediction of these prognostic factors was
      evaluated. Biopsies from breast cancer patients (n = 160) were excised during
      surgery and analyzed by high resolution magic angle spinning MR spectroscopy (HR
      MAS MRS). The spectral data were preprocessed and variable stability (VAST)
      scaled, and training and test sets were generated using the Kennard-Stone and
      SPXY sample selection algorithms. The data were analyzed by partial least-squares
      discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) and Bayesian
      belief networks (BBNs), and blind samples (n = 50) were predicted for
      verification. Estrogen and progesterone receptor status was successfully
      predicted from the MR spectra, and were best predicted by PLS-DA with a correct
      classification of 44 of 50 and 39 of 50 samples, respectively. Lymph node status
      was best predicted by BBN with 34 of 50 samples correctly classified, indicating
      a relationship between metabolic profile and lymph node status. Thus, MR profiles
      contain prognostic information that may be of benefit in treatment planning, and
      MR metabolomics may become an important tool for diagnosis of breast cancer
      patients.

PMID- 19994912
TI  - Association of immunosuppressant-induced protein changes in the rat kidney with
      changes in urine metabolite patterns: a proteo-metabonomic study.
AB  - The basic mechanisms underlying calcineurin inhibitor (CI) nephrotoxicity and its
      enhancement by sirolimus are still largely unknown. We investigated the effects
      of CIs alone and in combination with sirolimus on the renal proteome and
      correlated these effects with urine metabolite pattern changes. Thirty-six male
      Wistar rats were assigned to six treatment groups (n = 4/group for proteome
      analysis and n = 6/group for urine (1)H NMR metabolite pattern analysis): vehicle
      controls, sirolimus 1 mg/kg/day, cyclosporine 10 mg/kg/day, cyclosporine 10
      mg/kg/day + sirolimus 1 mg/kg/day, tacrolimus 1 mg/kg/day, tacrolimus 1 mg/kg/day
      + sirolimus 1 mg/kg/day. After 28 days, 24 h-urine was collected for (1)H NMR
      based metabolic analysis and kidneys were harvested for 2D-gel electrophoresis
      and histology. Cyclosporine affected the following groups of proteins: calcium
      homeostasis (regucalcin, calbindin), cytoskeleton (vimentin, caldesmon), response
      to hypoxia and mitochondrial function (prolyl 4-hydroxylase, proteasome, NADH
      dehydrogenase), and cell metabolism (kidney aminoacylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase,
      fructose-1,6-bis phosphate). Several of the changes in protein expression,
      confirmed by Western blot, were associated with and explained changes in
      metabolite concentrations in urine. Representative examples are an increase in
      kidney aminoacylase expression (decrease of hippurate concentrations in urine),
      up regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase,
      (increased glucose metabolism), and down regulation of arginine/glycine-amidino
      transferase (most likely due to an increase in creatinine concentrations).
      Protein changes explained and qualified immunosuppressant-induced metabolite
      pattern changes in urine.

PMID- 19994914
TI  - ES&T Letters Correction.

PMID- 19994913
TI  - The structure of the proline utilization a proline dehydrogenase domain
      inactivated by N-propargylglycine provides insight into conformational changes
      induced by substrate binding and flavin reduction.
AB  - Proline utilization A (PutA) from Escherichia coli is a flavoprotein that has
      mutually exclusive roles as a transcriptional repressor of the put regulon and a
      membrane-associated enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of proline to glutamate.
      Previous studies have shown that the binding of proline in the proline
      dehydrogenase (PRODH) active site and subsequent reduction of the FAD trigger
      global conformational changes that enhance PutA-membrane affinity. These events
      cause PutA to switch from its repressor to its enzymatic role, but the mechanism
      by which this signal is propagated from the active site to the distal membrane
      binding domain is largely unknown. Here, it is shown that N-propargylglycine
      irreversibly inactivates PutA by covalently linking the flavin N(5) atom to the
      epsilon-amino of Lys329. Furthermore, inactivation locks PutA into a conformation
      that may mimic the proline-reduced, membrane-associated form. The 2.15 A
      resolution structure of the inactivated PRODH domain suggests that the initial
      events involved in broadcasting the reduced flavin state to the distal membrane
      binding domain include major reorganization of the flavin ribityl chain, severe
      (35 degrees ) butterfly bending of the isoalloxazine ring, and disruption of an
      electrostatic network involving the flavin N(5) atom, Arg431, and Asp370. The
      structure also provides information about conformational changes associated with
      substrate binding. This analysis suggests that the active site is incompletely
      assembled in the absence of the substrate, and the binding of proline draws
      together conserved residues in helix 8 and the beta1-alphal loop to complete the
      active site.

PMID- 19994915
TI  - Communication. Sludge dewatering by high-rate freezing at small temperature
      differences.

PMID- 19994916
TI  - Correspondence: hartley photolyis of ozone as a source of singlet oxygen in
      polluted atmospheres.

PMID- 19994917
TI  - Correspondence: Hartley photolysis of ozone as a source of singlet oxygen in
      polluted atmospheres.

PMID- 19994918
TI  - Correction. Spectrophotometric determination of atmospheric fluorides.

PMID- 19994920
TI  - ES&T Letters: Risk Assessments.

PMID- 19994919
TI  - Editorial: Global experiment.

PMID- 19994922
TI  - Victim compensation.

PMID- 19994921
TI  - Currents.

PMID- 19994923
TI  - Education for environmental engineering.

PMID- 19994924
TI  - Proposed amendments to FIFRA.

PMID- 19994925
TI  - Reducing Acid rain.

PMID- 19994926
TI  - Detecting chloroorganics in groundwater.

PMID- 19994928
TI  - Distribution of chlorophenolics in a marine environment.

PMID- 19994927
TI  - Cycling of manganese and iron in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin.

PMID- 19994929
TI  - Adsorption and desorption of phenol on anion-exchange resin and activated carbon.

PMID- 19994930
TI  - Classification of estuarine particles using automated electron microprobe
      analysis and multivariate techniques.

PMID- 19994931
TI  - Source discrimination of short-term hydrocarbon samples measured aloft.

PMID- 19994932
TI  - Adsorption of actinides by marine sediments: effect of the sediment/seawater
      ratio on the measured distribution ratio.

PMID- 19994933
TI  - Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: rates of volatilization and photolysis in the
      environment.

PMID- 19994935
TI  - Water solubility enhancement of some organic pollutants and pesticides by
      dissolved humic and fulvic acids.

PMID- 19994934
TI  - Wood smoke: measurement of the mutagenic activities of its gas- and particulate
      phase photooxidation products.

PMID- 19994936
TI  - Depth profiles for hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
      beneath waste disposal pits from natural gas production.

PMID- 19994938
TI  - Measurement of total reduced sulfur compounds in ambient air.

PMID- 19994937
TI  - Continuous flow method for simultaneous determination of nitrate and ammonia in
      water.

PMID- 19994939
TI  - Foliar washoff of pesticides by rainfall.

PMID- 19994940
TI  - Membrane-based flow injection system for determination of sulfur(IV) in
      atmospheric water.

PMID- 19994941
TI  - Comment on "Henry's law constants for the polychlorinated biphenyls".

PMID- 19994942
TI  - Henry's law constants for the polychlorinated biphenyls. Reply to comments.

PMID- 19994943
TI  - Editorial: Update on feature articles.

PMID- 19994944
TI  - ES&T Letters: Acid Deposition.

PMID- 19994945
TI  - Currents.

PMID- 19994946
TI  - Organic pollutant transport.

PMID- 19994948
TI  - Regulatory Focus: Fiscal year 1987 budget.

PMID- 19994947
TI  - Data acquisition. Cost-effective methods for obtaining data on water quality.

PMID- 19994949
TI  - ES Views: Environmental protection.

PMID- 19994951
TI  - Indoor and outdoor air pollution in the Himalayas.

PMID- 19994950
TI  - ES Research: Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research.

PMID- 19994952
TI  - Conversion of chloroform to hydrochloric acid by reaction with hydrogen and water
      vapor.

PMID- 19994953
TI  - Behavior of aliphatic hydrocarbons in coastal seawater: experiments with
      [14C]octadecane and [14C]-decane.

PMID- 19994954
TI  - Characteristics of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon particle
      concentrations in Los Angeles.

PMID- 19994955
TI  - Occurrence of tri- and dialkyllead species in environmental water.

PMID- 19994956
TI  - Interferences in environmental analysis of nitric oxide by nitric oxide pulse
      ozone detectors: a rapid screening technique.

PMID- 19994957
TI  - Assessment of the contamination of a multibuilding facility by polychlorinated
      biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans.

PMID- 19994958
TI  - Elemental composition of suspended particulate matter from the combustion of coal
      and coal/refuse mixtures.

PMID- 19994959
TI  - Comprehensive method for determination of aquatic butyltin and butylmethyltin
      species at ultratrace levels using simultaneous hydridization extraction with gas
      chromatography-flame photometric detection.

PMID- 19994960
TI  - Comparative study of aluminum and copper transport and toxicity in an acid
      tolerant freshwater green alga.

PMID- 19994961
TI  - Quinoline sorption to subsurface materials: role of pH and retention of the
      organic cation.

PMID- 19994962
TI  - Interaction of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes with algal biomass.

PMID- 19994964
TI  - Solubility of gaseous formaldehyde in liquid water and generation of trace
      standard gaseous formaldehyde.

PMID- 19994963
TI  - Pollutant sampler for measurements of atmospheric acidic dry deposition.

PMID- 19994965
TI  - Editorial: Bad news, good news.

PMID- 19994966
TI  - Currents.

PMID- 19994967
TI  - Beyond acid rain. Do soluble oxidants and organic toxinsinteract with SO2 and NOx
      to increase ecosystem effects ?

PMID- 19994968
TI  - EPA's Risk Assessment Culture.

PMID- 19994969
TI  - ES Views: Hazardous Waste: Prevention or Cleanup?

PMID- 19994970
TI  - Regulatory focus: pollution in the home.

PMID- 19994971
TI  - ES Meetings.

PMID- 19994972
TI  - Laser flash photolysis of dissolved aquatic humic material and the sensitized
      production of singlet oxygen.

PMID- 19994973
TI  - Adsorptive displacement analysis of many-component priority pollutants on
      activated carbon.

PMID- 19994974
TI  - Procedures used to measure the amount of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in
      the ambient air near a Superfund site cleanup operation.

PMID- 19994975
TI  - Measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the air along the Niagara
      River.

PMID- 19994976
TI  - Sorption of water-soluble oligomers on sediments.

PMID- 19994977
TI  - Allyl chloride: the mutagenic activity of its photooxidation products.

PMID- 19994978
TI  - Evaluating the cost and performance of field-scale granular activated carbon
      systems.

PMID- 19994979
TI  - Fast fluorometric flow injection analysis of formaldehyde in atmospheric water.

PMID- 19994980
TI  - Chromate adsorption on amorphous iron oxyhydroxide in the presence of major
      groundwater ions.

PMID- 19994981
TI  - Kinetics of aluminum-fulvic acid complexation in acidic waters.

PMID- 19994983
TI  - Coating of zooplankton with calcium in Onondaga Lake, New York.

PMID- 19994982
TI  - Reduction of organochlorine emissions from municipal and hazardous waste
      incinerators.

PMID- 19994984
TI  - Comments on "Regional tree growth reductions due to ambient ozone: evidence from
      field experiments".

PMID- 19994985
TI  - Rebuttal to "Comments on regional tree growth reductions due to ambient ozone:
      evidence from field experiments".

PMID- 19994987
TI  - Currents.

PMID- 19994986
TI  - Editorial. Environmental cancer and prevention.

PMID- 19994988
TI  - Personal computers and environmental engineering Part II - Applications.

PMID- 19994989
TI  - ES Series: Cancer Risk Assessment. 2. Physiological pharmacokinetic modeling.

PMID- 19994990
TI  - ES Views: Environmental service laboratories.

PMID- 19994991
TI  - Regulatory Focus: Improving our regulatory tools.

PMID- 19994993
TI  - Sensitized photooxidation of phenols by fulvic Acid and in natural waters.

PMID- 19994994
TI  - Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dibenzo-p -dioxins and other Chlorinated
      Contaminants in Cow Milk from Various Locations in Switzerland.

PMID- 19994995
TI  - Isomer-Specific Determination of polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dixins and
      Dibenzofurans in Incinerator-Related Environmental Samples.

PMID- 19994996
TI  - Reductive Dissolution of Manganese(III/Iv) Oxides by Substituted Phenols.

PMID- 19994997
TI  - Comparison of terrestrial and hypolimnetic sediment generation of Acid
      neutralizing capacity for an acidic adirondack lake.

PMID- 19994998
TI  - Estimation of Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Air Quality within
      Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft.

PMID- 19994999
TI  - Oligomerization of 4-chloroaniline by oxidoreductases.

PMID- 19995000
TI  - Mixed-substrate utilization by acclimated activated sludge in batch and
      continuous-flow stirred tank reactors.

PMID- 19995001
TI  - Prediction of algal bioaccumulation and uptake rate of nine organic compounds by
      ten physicochemical properties.

PMID- 19995002
TI  - Kinetics and Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH Radicals and N(2)O(5) with
      Naphthalene and Biphenyl.

PMID- 19995003
TI  - Soli-gas measurement for detection of groundwater contamination by volatile
      organic compounds.

PMID- 19995004
TI  - Editorial. Needed: a speedier time to publication.

PMID- 19995006
TI  - Currents.

PMID- 19995005
TI  - Guest Editorial: On reviewing environmental models.

PMID- 19995007
TI  - Wildlife monitoring, modeling, and fugacity. Indicators of chemical
      contamination.

PMID- 19995008
TI  - Eastern lake survey, regional estimates of lake chemistry.

PMID- 19995009
TI  - Hazardous organic compound analysis.

PMID- 19995010
TI  - Health effects from radiation.

PMID- 19995011
TI  - Numerical data for scientists.

PMID- 19995012
TI  - Causation in forest decline.

PMID- 19995013
TI  - EPA's new pesticide-groundwater strategy.

PMID- 19995014
TI  - ES Books -"Toxic Air Pollution: A Comprehensive Study of Non-Criteria Air".

PMID- 19995015
TI  - Chemical and physical characteristics of lakes in the northeastern United States.

PMID- 19995016
TI  - Chemical and physical characteristics of lakes in the upper Midwest, United
      States.

PMID- 19995018
TI  - Acidification of lakes in the eastern United States and southern Norway: a
      comparison.

PMID- 19995017
TI  - Chemical and physical characteristics of lakes in the southeastern United States.

PMID- 19995019
TI  - Estimation of non-carbonato protolytes for selected lakes in the Eastern Lakes
      Survey.

PMID- 19995020
TI  - Evaluation of the role of sea salt inputs in the long-term acidification of
      coastal New England lakes.

PMID- 19995021
TI  - Reactions that modify chemistry in lakes of the National Surface Water Survey.

PMID- 19995022
TI  - Parametric distributions of regional lake chemistry: fitted and derived.

PMID- 19995023
TI  - Long-term fate of organic micropollutants in sewage-contaminated groundwater.

PMID- 19995024
TI  - Source resolution of the fine carbonaceous aerosol by principal component
      stepwise regression analysis.

PMID- 19995025
TI  - Alkaline precipitation in Bahia Blanca, Argentina.

PMID- 19995026
TI  - A ferrous cysteine-based recyclable process for the combined removal of NOx and
      sulfur dioxide from flue gas.

PMID- 19995027
TI  - Isolation and detection of genotoxic components in a Black River sediment.

PMID- 19995028
TI  - Comment on "Estimation of the atmospheric and nonatmospheric contributions and
      losses of polychlorinated biphenyls for Lake Michigan on the basis of sediment
      records of remote lakes".

PMID- 19995029
TI  - Reply to comment on "Estimation of the atmospheric and nonatmospheric
      contributions and losses of polychlorinated biphenyls for Lake Michigan on the
      basis of sediment records of remote lakes.

PMID- 19995030
TI  - Reaction products and rates of disappearance of simple bromoalkanes, 1,2
      dibromopropane, and 1,2-dibromoethane in water. Comments.

PMID- 19995031
TI  - Reaction products and rates of disappearance of simple bromoalkanes, 1,2
      dibromopropane, and 1,2-dibromoethane in water. Reply to comments.

PMID- 19995032
TI  - Editorial: Chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 19995033
TI  - ES&T Letters Airborne Chemicals.

PMID- 19995034
TI  - Currents.

PMID- 19995035
TI  - ES Feature: Animal extrapolation. A look inside the toxicologist's black box.

PMID- 19995036
TI  - ES Views: Nuclear Safety After Chernobyl.

PMID- 19995037
TI  - Regulatory Focus: SARA's Toxicological Profile Requirements.

PMID- 19995038
TI  - Formaldehyde sorption and desorption characteristics of gypsum wallboard.

PMID- 19995039
TI  - Fading of alizarin and related artists' pigments by atmospheric ozone: reaction
      products and mechanisms.

PMID- 19995041
TI  - Persistence of benz[a]anthracene degradation products in an enclosed marine
      ecosystem.

PMID- 19995040
TI  - Photooxidation of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pyrenequinones
      coated on glass surfaces.

PMID- 19995042
TI  - Field intercomparison of five types of fog water collectors.

PMID- 19995043
TI  - Reactivation of solids from furnace injection of limestone for sulfur dioxide
      control.

PMID- 19995044
TI  - An experimental study of incremental hydrocarbon reactivity.

PMID- 19995045
TI  - Acid rain and atmospheric chemistry at Allegheny Mountain.

PMID- 19995047
TI  - Persistent organic chemicals in sewage effluents. 3. Determinations of
      nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 19995046
TI  - Indoor air pollution due to emissions from wood-burning stoves.

PMID- 19995048
TI  - Behavior of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, and lead during the
      pyrolysis of sewage sludge.

PMID- 19995049
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation in tree bark and wood growth rings.

PMID- 19995051
TI  - Currents.

PMID- 19995050
TI  - Editorial: sunscreen.

PMID- 19995052
TI  - ES Critical Reviews: Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds.

PMID- 19995054
TI  - ES Views: Structure-activity relationships.

PMID- 19995053
TI  - ES Feature: Pollution from Nonpoint Sources.

PMID- 19995055
TI  - Regulatory focus: sludge disposal studies.

PMID- 19995056
TI  - A method for the collection, handling, and analysis of trace metals in
      precipitation.

PMID- 19995057
TI  - An abundant chlorinated furanone in the spent chlorination liquor from pulp
      bleaching.

PMID- 19995058
TI  - Characterization of mutagenic subfractions of diesel exhaust modified by ceramic
      particulate traps.

PMID- 19995060
TI  - Movement and neutralization of alkaline leachate at coal ash disposal sites.

PMID- 19995059
TI  - Toxic chemicals, including aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and their
      derivatives, and liver lesions in white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from the
      vicinity of Los Angeles.

PMID- 19995061
TI  - Aqueous ozonolysis products of methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes.

PMID- 19995062
TI  - Biouptake of chlorinated hydrocarbons from laboratory-spiked and field sediments
      by oligochaete worms.

PMID- 19995063
TI  - Structural characterization of aquatic humic material. 2. Phenolic content and
      its relationship to chlorination mechanism in an isolated aquatic fulvic acid.

PMID- 19995064
TI  - Field comparison of polyurethane foam and XAD-2 resin for air sampling for
      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 19995065
TI  - Reaction kinetics of hydrogen peroxide with copper and iron in seawater.

PMID- 19995066
TI  - Quantitation of the losses of gaseous sulfur compounds to enclosure walls.

PMID- 19995067
TI  - Mutagenic activity associated with cooling tower waters treated with a biocide
      containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

PMID- 19995068
TI  - Correlation of octanol/water partition coefficients and total molecular surface
      area for highly hydrophobic aromatic compounds.

PMID- 19995069
TI  - Sumoylation of p68 and p72 RNA helicases affects protein stability and
      transactivation potential.
AB  - The p68 (DDX5) and p72 (DDX17) proteins are members of the DEAD-box (DDX) family
      of RNA helicases. We show that both p68 and p72 are overexpressed in breast
      tumors. Bioinformatical analysis revealed that the SUMO pathway is upregulated in
      breast tumors and that both p68 and p72 contain one consensus sumoylation site,
      implicating that sumoylation of p68 and p72 increases during breast tumorigenesis
      and potentially contributes to their overexpression. We determined that p68 and
      p72 are indeed sumoylated at a single, homologous site. Importantly, sumoylation
      significantly increased the stability of p68 and p72. In contrast to p72 and
      consistent with an approximately 3-fold lesser half-life, p68 was found to be
      polyubiquitylated, and mutation of the sumoylation site increased
      polyubiquitylation, suggesting that sumoylation increases p68 half-life by
      reducing proteasomal degradation. Moreover, whereas p68 robustly coactivated
      transcription from an estrogen response element, its sumoylation mutant showed a
      drastically reduced coactivation potential. In contrast, the p68 sumoylation
      status did not affect the ability to enhance p53-mediated MDM2 transcription. On
      the contrary, preventing sumoylation of p72 caused an increase in its ability to
      transactivate both estrogen receptor and p53. Furthermore, sumoylation promoted
      the interaction of p68 and p72 with histone deacetylase 1 but had no effect on
      binding to histone deacetylases 2 and 3, the coactivator p300, or estrogen
      receptor and also did not affect homo/heterodimerization of p68/p72. In
      conclusion, sumoylation exerts pleiotropic effects on p68/p72, which may have
      important implications in breast cancer by modulating estrogen receptor and p53
      activity.

PMID- 19995070
TI  - "Bicontinuous cubic" liquid crystalline materials from discotic molecules: a
      special effect of paraffinic side chains with ionic liquid pendants.
AB  - Triphenylene (TP) derivatives bearing appropriate paraffinic side chains with
      imidazolium ion-based ionic liquid (IL) pendants were unveiled to display a phase
      diagram with liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases of bicontinuous cubic (Cub(bi))
      and hexagonal columnar (Col(h)) geometries. While their phase transition
      behaviors are highly dependent on the length of the side chains and the size of
      the ionic liquid pendants, TPs with hexadecyl side chains exclusively form a
      Cub(bi) LC assembly over an extremely wide temperature range of approximately 200
      degrees C from room temperature when the anions of the IL pendants are relatively
      small. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that the Cub(bi) LC
      mesophase contains pi-stacked columnar TP arrays with a plane-to-plane separation
      of approximately 3.5 A. Consistently, upon laser flash photolysis, it showed a
      transient microwave conductivity comparable to that of a Col(h) LC reference.

PMID- 19995071
TI  - Spectroscopic STM studies of single gold(III) porphyrin molecules.
AB  - Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, a well-established technique for
      single-molecule investigations in an ultrahigh vacuum environment, has been used
      to study the electronic properties of Au(III) 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin
      (AuTPP) molecules on Au(111) at the submolecular scale. AuTPP serves as a model
      system for chemotherapeutically relevant Au(III) porphyrins. For the first time,
      real-space images and local scanning tunneling spectroscopy data of the frontier
      molecular orbitals of AuTPP are presented. A comparison with results from density
      functional theory reveals significant deviations from gas-phase behavior due to a
      non-negligible molecule/substrate interaction. We identify the oxidation state of
      the central metal ion in the adsorbed AuTPP as Au(3+).

PMID- 19995072
TI  - Controlled encapsulation of multiple proteins in virus capsids.
AB  - Multiple proteins can be bound within the Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus capsid
      shell in an efficient and controlled manner by using heterodimeric coiled-coil
      peptide oligomers. Through genetic modification, these oligomers can be attached
      to the capsid protein and an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). In this
      way, the capsid proteins can be noncovalently bound to EGFP prior to the
      induction of the capsid assembly. Up to 15 EGFP proteins can be encapsulated per
      capsid in a controlled and efficient manner.

PMID- 19995073
TI  - Preferential encapsulation and stability of La(3)N cluster in 80 atom cages:
      experimental synthesis and computational investigation of La(3)N@C(79)N.
AB  - We report the synthesis and electronic stabilization of La(3)N@C(79)N.
      Unsuccessful efforts to encapsulate bulky La(3)N clusters in small C(80) cages
      have been attributed to large ionic radii. The preferred species for La(3)N
      clusters in all-carbon cages is La(3)N@C(96). A surprising finding is the
      synthesis of La(3)N@C(79)N, a new metallofullerene present in higher abundance
      than La(3)N@C(96). This reduction in cage size from 96 to 80 atoms reflects the
      significance and role of electronic effects. To understand the geometric and
      electronic properties of this first metallic nitride azafullerene (M(3)N@C(79)N,
      M = La), density functional theory (DFT) investigations were performed on a
      number of isomers. Results indicate a preferred N-substitution at the 665
      junction site on the cage in lieu of a 666 substitution. The relative stabilities
      of different isomers can be well reproduced by using the minimum distance between
      the metal atom and the nitrogen atom of the cage (R(N'M)(min)). Long R(N'M)(min)
      values indicate distant contacts between six atoms that bear significantly large
      positive charges: the three metal atoms and the three carbon atoms bonded with
      the nitrogen atom in the cage, which are favored. These results suggest a
      dominant electronic effect on the stabilities of metalloazafullerenes.
      Interestingly, spin densities of the 665 substitution isomers of La(3)N@C(79)N
      are located predominantly in the metal cluster, while spin densities of the 666
      substitution isomers are primarily on the cage.

PMID- 19995074
TI  - Role of self-organization, nanostructuring, and lattice strain on phonon
      transport in NaPb(18-x)Sn(x)BiTe(20) thermoelectric materials.
AB  - The composition and microstructure of five thermoelectric materials, PbTe, SnTe,
      Pb(0.65)Sn(0.35)Te and NaPb(18-x)Sn(x)BiTe(20) (x = 5, 9), were investigated by
      advanced transmission electron microcopy. We confirm that the pure PbTe, SnTe,
      and Pb(0.65)Sn(0.35)Te have a uniform crystalline structure and homogeneous
      compositions without any nanoscale inclusions. On the other hand, the nominal
      NaPb(9)Sn(9)BiTe(20) phase contains extensive inhomogeneities and nanostructures
      with size distribution of 3-7 nm. We find that the chemical architecture of the
      NaPb(13)Sn(5)BiTe(20) member of the series to be more complex; besides nanoscale
      precipitates, self-organized lamellar structures are present which were
      identified as PbTe and SnTe by composition analysis and transmission electron
      microscopy image simulations. Density functional theory calculations suggest that
      the arrangement of the lamellar structures conforms to the lowest total energy
      configuration. Geometric-phase analyses revealed large distributed elastic strain
      around the nanoscale inclusions and lamellar structures. We propose that
      interface-induced elastic perturbations in the matrix play a decisive role in
      affecting the phonon-propagation pathways. The interfaces further enhance phonon
      scattering which, in turn, reduces the lattice thermal conductivity in these
      systems that directly results directly in improvement in the thermoelectric
      figure of merit.

PMID- 19995075
TI  - Structures of beta-amyloid peptide 1-40, 1-42, and 1-55-the 672-726 fragment of
      APP-in a membrane environment with implications for interactions with gamma
      secretase.
AB  - Aggregation of Amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide has been linked to the
      neurodegenerative Alzheimer's Disease and implicated in other amyloid diseases
      including cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Abeta peptide is generated by cleavage of
      the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by transmembrane proteases. It is crucial to
      determine the structures of beta-amyloid peptides in a membrane to provide a
      molecular basis for the cleavage mechanism. We report the structures of amyloid
      beta peptide (Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42)) as well as the 672-726 fragment of APP
      (referred to as Abeta(1-55)) in a membrane environment determined by replica
      exchange molecular dynamics simulation. Abeta(1-40) is found to have two helical
      domains A (13-22) and B(30-35) and a type I beta-turn at 23-27. The peptide is
      localized at the interface between membrane and solvent. Substantial fluctuations
      in domain A are observed. The dominant simulated tertiary structure of Abeta(1
      40) is observed to be similar to the simulated Abeta(1-42) structure. However,
      there are differences observed in the overall conformational ensemble, as
      characterized by the two-dimensional free energy surfaces. The fragment of APP
      (Abeta(1-55)) is observed to have a long transmembrane helix. The position of the
      transmembrane region and ensemble of membrane structures are elucidated. The
      conformational transition between the transmembrane Abeta(1-55) structure, prior
      to cleavage, and the Abeta(1-40) structure, following cleavage, is proposed.

PMID- 19995076
TI  - Energetics of allosteric negative coupling in the zinc sensor S. aureus CzrA.
AB  - The linked equilibria of an allosterically regulated protein are defined by the
      structures, residue-specific dynamics and global energetics of interconversion
      among all relevant allosteric states. Here, we use isothermal titration
      calorimetry (ITC) to probe the global thermodynamics of allosteric negative
      regulation of the binding of the paradigm ArsR-family zinc sensing repressor
      Staphylococcus aureus CzrA to the czr DNA operator (CzrO) by Zn(2+). Zn(2+) binds
      to the two identical binding sites on the free CzrA homodimer in two discernible
      steps. A larger entropic driving force Delta(-TDeltaS) of -4.7 kcal mol(-1) and a
      more negative DeltaC(p) characterize the binding of the first Zn(2+) relative to
      the second. These features suggest a modest structural transition in forming the
      Zn(1) state followed by a quenching of the internal dynamics on filling the
      second zinc site, which collectively drive homotropic negative cooperativity of
      Zn(2+) binding (Delta(DeltaG) = 1.8 kcal mol(-1)). Negative homotropic
      cooperativity also characterizes Zn(2+) binding to the CzrA*CzrO complex
      (Delta(DeltaG) = 1.3 kcal mol(-1)), although the underlying energetics are vastly
      different, with homotropic Delta(DeltaH) and Delta(-TDeltaS) values both small
      and slightly positive. In short, Zn(2+) binding to the complex fails to induce a
      large structural or dynamical change in the CzrA bound to the operator. The
      strong heterotropic negative linkage in this system (DeltaG(c)(t) = 6.3 kcal mol(
      1)) therefore derives from the vastly different structures of the apo-CzrA and
      CzrA*CzrO reference states (DeltaH(c)(t) = 9.4 kcal mol(-1)) in a way that is
      reinforced by a global rigidification of the allosterically inhibited Zn(2) state
      off the DNA (TDeltaS(c)(t) = -3.1 kcal mol(-1), i.e., DeltaS(c)(t) > 0). The
      implications of these findings for other metalloregulatory proteins are
      discussed.

PMID- 19995077
TI  - Fluoro derivatives of retinal illuminate the decisive role of the C(12)-H element
      in photoisomerization and rhodopsin activation.
AB  - Rhodopsin, the visual pigment of the vertebrate rod cell, is among the best
      investigated members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. Within this family
      a unique characteristic of visual pigments is their covalently bound chromophore,
      11-cis retinal, which acts as an inverse agonist. Upon illumination it can be
      transformed into the all-trans isomer that acts as a full agonist. This
      photoisomerization process is extremely efficient: 2 out of 3 photons are
      effective, full stereoselectivity is achieved, and stereoinversion occurs within
      200 fs. The mechanism behind this process is still not really understood,
      although the available evidence points at the twisted C(9)-C(13) segment of the
      11-cis ligand as the quintessence. To further dissect the role of this segment,
      we have generated the 10-fluoro, 12-fluoro, and 14-fluoro analogues of rhodopsin.
      A fluoro substituent brings in only little more volume than hydrogen, but
      considerably more mass and polarizability. The analogue pigments were compared to
      rhodopsin with respect to their photosensitivity (quantum yield), light-induced
      structural transitions (UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy), and signaling activity (G
      protein activation rate). We find that 14-F substitution is quite neutral, while
      10-F and 12-F substitutions exert significant but distinct effects. The 10-F
      pigment exhibits a quantum yield similar to that of rhodopsin (0.65) but strongly
      perturbed thermodynamics of the structural transitions following photoactivation
      and only 20% of the native signaling activity. The 12-F pigment exhibits a
      significantly decreased quantum yield (0.47) and signaling activity (30%) but
      mixed effects on the structural transitions. These properties are compared to
      those of the corresponding methyl derivatives. We conclude that rotation of the
      C(12)-H bond of the rhodopsin chromophore is a major rate-limiting factor in the
      photoisomerization process, while the C(10)-H moiety plays a dominant role in
      ligand relaxation and further rearrangements following photoactivation.

PMID- 19995078
TI  - NMR structure in a membrane environment reveals putative amyloidogenic regions of
      the SEVI precursor peptide PAP(248-286).
AB  - Semen is the main vector for HIV transmission worldwide. Recently, a peptide
      fragment (PAP(248-286)) has been isolated from seminal fluid that dramatically
      enhances HIV infectivity by up to 4-5 orders of magnitude. PAP(248-286) appears
      to enhance HIV infection by forming amyloid fibers known as SEVI, which are
      believed to enhance the attachment of the virus by bridging interactions between
      virion and host-cell membranes. We have solved the atomic-level resolution
      structure of the SEVI precursor PAP(248-286) using NMR spectroscopy in SDS
      micelles, which serve as a model membrane system. PAP(248-286), which does not
      disrupt membranes like most amyloid proteins, binds superficially to the surface
      of the micelle, in contrast to other membrane-disruptive amyloid peptides that
      generally penetrate into the core of the membrane. The structure of PAP(248-286)
      is unlike most amyloid peptides in that PAP(248-286) is mostly disordered when
      bound to the surface of the micelle, as opposed to the alpha-helical structures
      typically found of most amyloid proteins. The highly disordered nature of the
      SEVI peptide may explain the unique ability of SEVI amyloid fibers to enhance HIV
      infection as partially disordered amyloid fibers will have a greater capture
      radius for the virus than compact amyloid fibers. Two regions of nascent
      structure (an alpha-helix from V262-H270 and a dynamic alpha/3(10) helix from
      S279-L283) match the prediction of highly amyloidogenic sequences and may serve
      as nuclei for aggregation and amyloid fibril formation. The structure presented
      here can be used for the rational design of mutagenesis studies on SEVI amyloid
      formation and viral infection enhancement.

PMID- 19995079
TI  - Growth of semiconducting graphene on palladium.
AB  - We report in situ scanning tunneling microscopy studies of graphene growth on
      Pd(111) during ethylene deposition at temperatures between 723 and 1023 K. We
      observe the formation of monolayer graphene islands, 200-2000 A in size, bounded
      by Pd surface steps. Surprisingly, the topographic image contrast from graphene
      islands reverses with tunneling bias, suggesting a semiconducting behavior.
      Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements confirm that the graphene islands
      are semiconducting, with a band gap of 0.3 +/- 0.1 eV. On the basis of density
      functional theory calculations, we suggest that the opening of a band gap is due
      to the strong interaction between graphene and the Pd substrate. Our findings
      point to the possibility of preparing semiconducting graphene layers for future
      carbon-based nanoelectronic devices via direct deposition onto strongly
      interacting substrates.

PMID- 19995080
TI  - Porous graphene as the ultimate membrane for gas separation.
AB  - We investigate the permeability and selectivity of graphene sheets with designed
      subnanometer pores using first principles density functional theory calculations.
      We find high selectivity on the order of 10(8) for H(2)/CH(4) with a high H(2)
      permeance for a nitrogen-functionalized pore. We find extremely high selectivity
      on the order of 10(23) for H(2)/CH(4) for an all-hydrogen passivated pore whose
      small width (at 2.5 A) presents a formidable barrier (1.6 eV) for CH(4) but
      easily surmountable for H(2) (0.22 eV). These results suggest that these pores
      are far superior to traditional polymer and silica membranes, where bulk
      solubility and diffusivity dominate the transport of gas molecules through the
      material. Recent experimental investigations, using either electron beams or
      bottom-up synthesis to create pores in graphene, suggest that it may be possible
      to employ such techniques to engineer variable-sized, graphene nanopores to tune
      selectivity and molecular diffusivity. Hence, we propose using porous graphene
      sheets as one-atom-thin, highly efficient, and highly selective membranes for gas
      separation. Such a pore could have widespread impact on numerous energy and
      technological applications; including carbon sequestration, fuel cells, and gas
      sensors.

PMID- 19995081
TI  - "Narrow" graphene nanoribbons made easier by partial hydrogenation.
AB  - It is highly desirable to produce narrow-width graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with
      smooth edges in large scale. In an attempt to solve this difficult problem, we
      examined the hydrogenation of GNRs on the basis of first principles density
      functional calculations. Our study shows that narrow GNRs can be readily obtained
      from wide GNRs by partial hydrogenation. The hydrogenation of GNRs starts from
      the edges of GNRs and proceeds gradually toward the middle of the GNRs so as to
      maximize the number of carbon-carbon pi-pi bonds, hence effectively leading to
      narrower GNRs. Furthermore, the partially hydrogenated wide GNRs have similar
      electronic and magnetic properties as those of the narrow GNRs representing their
      graphene parts. Therefore, partial hydrogenation of wide GNRs should be a
      practical and reliable method to produce narrow GNRs in large scale.

PMID- 19995082
TI  - Full three-dimensional subwavelength high-Q surface-plasmon-polariton cavity.
AB  - We propose a full three-dimensional subwavelength surface-plasmon-polariton
      cavity based on a metal-coated dielectric nanowire with an axial heterostructure.
      Surface plasmon-polaritons are strongly confined at the nanowire-metal interface
      sandwiched by an effective plasmonic mirror that consists of lower-index nanowire
      core and metal shell. Numerical simulations show for a cavity <50 x 50 x 40 nm(3)
      (mode volume, V approximately 10(-5) microm(3)) that a quality factor, Q, >36000
      is achieved at 20 K. This ultrasmall plasmonic cavity can be used as a plasmonic
      emitter or laser device coupled to a plasmonic waveguide with a high coupling
      efficiency in deep-subwavelength photonic systems.

PMID- 19995083
TI  - Controlling nanoparticles with atomic precision: the case of Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60.
AB  - We report a facile, two-step synthetic method for preparing truly monodiserse
      Au(144)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(60) nanoparticles with their formula determined by
      electrospray mass spectrometry in conjunction with other characterization. A
      remarkable advantage of our synthetic approach lies in that it solely produces
      Au(144)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(60) nanoparticles, hence, eliminating nontrivial,
      postsynthetic steps of size separation, which has proven to be very difficult.
      This advantage makes the approach and the type of nanoparticles generated by it
      of broad utility for practical applications. Unlike their larger counterparts, Au
      nanocrystals (typically >2 nm) that are crystalline and show a prominent surface
      plasmon resonance band at approximately 520 nm (for spherical particles), the
      Au(144)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(60) nanoparticles instead exhibit a stepwise, multiple
      band absorption spectrum, indicating quantum confinement of electrons in the
      particle. In addition, these ultrasmall nanoparticles do not adopt face-centered
      cubic structure as in Au nanocrystals or bulk gold.

PMID- 19995084
TI  - Experimental investigation of heat conduction mechanisms in nanofluids. Clue on
      clustering.
AB  - Heat conduction mechanisms in nanofluids, fluids seeded with nanoparticles, have
      been extensively scrutinized in the past decades to explain some experimental
      observations of their enhanced thermal conductivity beyond the effective medium
      theory. Although many mechanisms such as Brownian motion, clustering, ballistic
      transport, and internanoparticle potential are speculated, experimental proof of
      any of the mechanisms has been difficult. Here, we investigate the mechanisms
      experimentally by thermal conductivity measurements and structural analysis for
      the same materials in both liquid and solid states. These studies strongly
      suggest that clustering holds the key to the thermal conductivity enhancement of
      nanofluids.

PMID- 19995085
TI  - Y-contacted high-performance n-type single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect
      transistors: scaling and comparison with Sc-contacted devices.
AB  - While it has been shown that scandium (Sc) can be used for making high-quality
      Ohmic contact to the conduction band of a carbon nanotube (CNT) and thus for
      fabricating high-performance n-type CNT field effect transistors (FETs), the cost
      for metal Sc is currently five times more expensive than that for gold and one
      thousand times more expensive than for yttrium (Y) which in many ways resembles
      Sc. In this Letter we show that near perfect contacts can be fabricated on single
      walled CNTs (SWCNTs) using Y, and the Y-contacted CNT FETs outperform the Sc
      contacted CNT FETs in many important aspects. Low-temperature measurements on Y
      contacted devices reveal that linear output characteristics persist down to 4.3
      K, suggesting that Y makes a perfect Ohmic contact with the conduction band of
      the CNT. Self-aligned top-gate devices have been fabricated, showing high
      performance approaching the theoretical limit of CNT-based devices. In particular
      a room temperature conductance of about 0.55G(0) (with G(0) = 4e(2)/h being the
      quantum conductance limit of the SWCNT), threshold swing of 73 mV/decade,
      electron mobility of 5100 cm(2)/V.s, and mean free length of up to 0.639 mum have
      been achieved. Gate length scaling behavior of the Y-contacted CNT FETs is also
      investigated, revealing a more favorable energy consumption and faster intrinsic
      speed scaling than that of the Si-based devices.

PMID- 19995086
TI  - Polymerase chain reaction based scaffold preparation for the production of thin,
      branched DNA origami nanostructures of arbitrary sizes.
AB  - Designs for DNA origami have previously been limited by the size of the available
      single-stranded genomes for scaffolds. Here we present a straightforward method
      for the production of scaffold strands having various lengths, using polymerase
      chain reaction amplification followed by strand separation via streptavidin
      coated magnetic beads. We have applied this approach in assembling several
      distinct DNA nanostructures that have thin ( approximately 10 nm) features and
      branching points, making them potentially useful templates for nanowires in
      complex electronic circuitry.

PMID- 19995087
TI  - Thermal conductance of InAs nanowire composites.
AB  - The ability to measure and understand heat flow in nanowire composites is crucial
      for applications ranging from high-speed electronics to thermoelectrics. Here we
      demonstrate the measurement of the thermal conductance of nanowire composites
      consisting of regular arrays of InAs nanowires embedded in PMMA using time-domain
      thermoreflectance (TDTR). On the basis of a proposed model for heat flow in the
      composite, we can, as a consistency check, extract the thermal conductivity
      Lambda of the InAs nanowires and find Lambda(NW) = 5.3 +/- 1.5 W m(-1) K(-1), in
      good agreement with theory and previous measurements of individual nanowires.

PMID- 19995088
TI  - Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic
      components and circuits.
AB  - We report direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires using ultracompact
      near-field interaction. Photon-plasmon coupling efficiency up to 80% with
      coupling length down to the 200 nm level is achieved between individual Ag and
      ZnO nanowires. Hybrid nanophotonic components, including polarization splitters,
      Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and microring cavities, are fabricated out of
      coupled Ag and ZnO nanowires. These components offer relatively low loss with
      subwavelength confinement; a hybrid nanowire microcavity exhibits a Q-factor of
      520.

PMID- 19995089
TI  - Protein nanocapsule weaved with enzymatically degradable polymeric network.
AB  - Target proteins can be functionally encapsulated using a cocoon-like polymeric
      nanocapsule formed by interfacial polymerization. The nanocapsule is cross-linked
      by peptides that can be proteolyzed by proteases upon which the protein cargo is
      released. The protease-mediated degradation process can be controlled in a
      spatiotemporal fashion through modification of the peptide cross-linker with
      photolabile moieties. We demonstrate the utility of this approach through the
      cytoplasmic delivery of the apoptosis inducing caspase-3 to cancer cells.

PMID- 19995090
TI  - TiO2 nanowire bundle microelectrode based impedance immunosensor for rapid and
      sensitive detection of Listeria monocytogenes.

PMID- 19995091
TI  - Anthropogenic forcings on the surficial osmium cycle.
AB  - Osmium is among the least abundant elements in the Earth's continental crust.
      Recent anthropogenic Os contamination of the environment from mining and smelting
      activities, automotive catalytic converter use, and hospital discharges has been
      documented. Here we present evidence for anthropogenic overprinting of the
      natural Os cycle using a ca. 7000-year record of atmospheric Os deposition and
      isotopic composition from an ombrotrophic peat bog in NW Spain. Preanthropogenic
      Os accumulation in this area is 0.10 +/- 0.04 ng m(-2) y(-1). The oldest strata
      showing human influence correspond to early metal mining and processing on the
      Iberian Peninsula (ca. 4700-2500 cal. BP). Elevated Os accumulation rates are
      found thereafter with a local maximum of 1.1 ng m(-2) y(-1) during the Roman
      occupation of the Iberian Peninsula (ca. 1930 cal. BP) and a further increase
      starting in 1750 AD with Os accumulation reaching 30 ng m(-2) y(-1) in the most
      recent samples. Osmium isotopic composition ((187)Os/(188)Os) indicates that
      recent elevated Os accumulation results from increased input of unradiogenic Os
      from industrial and automotive sources as well as from enhanced deposition of
      radiogenic Os through increased fossil fuel combustion and soil erosion. We posit
      that the rapid increase in catalyst-equipped vehicles, increased fossil fuel
      combustion, and changes in land-use make the changes observed in NW Spain
      globally relevant.

PMID- 19995092
TI  - Conformational analyses and MO studies of f152A1 and its analogues as potent
      protein kinase inhibitors.
AB  - f152A1 was isolated from a fermentation broth of Curvularia verruculosa and
      characterized as a potent inhibitor of TNFalpha transcription, with anti
      inflammatory activity. f152A1 and several analogues displayed inhibitory activity
      against the MAP kinases ERK2 and MEK1 in in vitro kinase assays. Through SAR
      studies on f152A1 and analogues prepared via total synthesis, we have identified
      structural features that contribute to inhibitory activity. To rationalize these
      results and to aid in the discovery process, a combination of high temperature
      molecular dynamics and MOPAC AM1 semiempirical molecular orbital method studies
      was used in studies that yielded a postulated active conformation, M1(8). This
      active conformation M1(8) reflects a high degree of conformational similarity
      among f152A1 and its more potent analogues. In view of the highly reactive cis
      enone moiety in the flexible 14-membered resorcylic acid lactone ring of f152A1,
      the chemical reactivities of the enone moieties in various analogues were
      assessed by molecular orbital calculations. The enone reactivity analyses
      suggested that these inhibitors were prone to Michael addition at the alpha,beta
      unsaturated ketone moiety and might chemically react with cysteine residues in
      the ATP-binding site of MAP kinases. Reactivity of the cis-enone moiety and the
      M1(8) conformation make important contributions to the inhibitory activity of MAP
      kinases.

PMID- 19995093
TI  - Does the prulifloxacin ECG study prove cardiac safety of the drug?

PMID- 19995094
TI  - Effects of prulifloxacin on cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects: a
      randomized, crossover, double-blind versus placebo, moxifloxacin-controlled
      study.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prulifloxacin, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, is
      quantitatively transformed after oral administration into ulifloxacin, the active
      metabolite. On the basis of preclinical data suggesting that prulifloxacin is not
      likely to prolong the QT interval, a trial to assess the potential effects of
      prulifloxacin on QT and corrected QT (QTc) interval in humans was performed.
      METHODS: Fifty-two healthy subjects were randomized into three groups to receive
      prulifloxacin 600 mg, moxifloxacin 400mg and placebo once daily for 5 days, using
      a crossover, double-blind versus placebo, moxifloxacin-controlled study. At
      baseline and days 1 and 5, three 12-lead digital ECGs were recorded before and up
      to 24 hours after dosing at nine predefined timepoints. Blood samples were also
      collected at each treatment timepoint. ECG data were analysed in a blinded manner
      by a centralized laboratory using skilled readers. QT values were corrected for
      heart rate using an individual correction method (QTcI) as the primary variable,
      and Fridericia's method as reference. RESULTS: In forty-eight subjects who
      completed the study, compared with placebo, prulifloxacin had no relevant effect
      on cardiac repolarization, with the largest mean QTcI increase being 3.97 ms (one
      sided 95% CI 0.01, 7.93), whereas moxifloxacin demonstrated the expected positive
      effect (maximum mean QTcI increase of 12.0 ms, one-sided 95% CI 8.66, 15.34),
      thus demonstrating the good sensitivity of the study. A statistically significant
      correlation between QTcI changes and plasma concentrations was found for
      moxifloxacin but not for ulifloxacin. CONCLUSION: Prulifloxacin at steady state
      after therapeutic doses has no significant effects on the QTc interval and thus
      should prove to have no cardiac liability.

PMID- 19995095
TI  - Evaluation of treatment satisfaction in children with allergic disease treated
      with an antihistamine: an international, non-interventional, retrospective study.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Histamine H(1)-receptor antagonists (antihistamines)
      have been shown to be efficacious and safe in children and are recommended as
      first-line treatment for the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. No
      published study to date has directly compared satisfaction with the different
      antihistamines in children in a real-life clinical setting. This study aimed to
      investigate parent and physician satisfaction with the efficacy and tolerability
      of oral antihistamine treatment in children and to compare satisfaction between
      levocetirizine and the other antihistamines used by children in this cohort.
      METHODS: This was an international Observational Survey in Children with Allergic
      Rhinitis (OSCAR). Children aged 2-12 years, with a history of an allergic
      condition leading to a consultation, were enrolled from 424 primary
      care/specialist allergy clinics across Bulgaria, India, Portugal, Romania,
      Russia, South Korea and Spain. At the consultation, parents and physicians of
      eligible children completed questionnaires evaluating their satisfaction with
      specific antihistamines currently employed for management of the child's allergic
      condition, as well as their intention for future use of that treatment. Parents'
      satisfaction scores for efficacy, tolerability and global satisfaction with the
      antihistamine used were primary study outcomes, while physicians' satisfaction
      scores for the same measures were secondary outcomes. Other secondary outcomes
      were parents' rating of the impact of the antihistamine treatment on their
      child's sleep and school performance, and parents' and physicians' willingness to
      use/recommend the same antihistamine in the future. RESULTS: A total of 4581
      patients were enrolled; 3048 (66.5%) had allergic rhinitis (55.9% persistent
      allergic rhinitis and 44.1% intermittent allergic rhinitis), and 663 (14.5%) had
      urticaria as primary conditions. Additionally, 2465 patients (53.8%) suffered
      from other allergic diseases, including allergic asthma (33.3%), atopic
      dermatitis (17.6%), food allergy (5.3%), other allergies (5.0%) and drug
      hypersensitivity (2.0%). Parents' and physicians' satisfaction scores were
      closely concordant and demonstrated significantly greater global satisfaction for
      the second-generation antihistamines than for the first-generation
      antihistamines. Levocetirizine (n = 2339) and fexofenadine (n = 42) generally
      scored highest for efficacy, tolerability and global satisfaction, as well as for
      impact on the child's ability to function at school, quality of school activities
      and quality of sleep. Furthermore, >97% of parents and physicians indicated their
      desire to continue or recommend the use of levocetirizine in the future.
      Somnolence, the most commonly reported adverse event in this survey, was observed
      predominantly in patients treated with first-generation antihistamines. Among
      second-generation antihistamines, reports of somnolence were most frequent in the
      cetirizine group. CONCLUSION: Second-generation antihistamines have a better
      risk:benefit ratio than first-generation antihistamines, indicating that the
      latter should be avoided or their use limited in children whenever possible.
      Levocetirizine and fexofenadine were perceived by parents and physicians to
      produce significantly higher treatment satisfaction than the majority of the
      other antihistamines with respect to overall efficacy and tolerability, and
      impact on the child's sleep and school activities. The newer antihistamine
      levocetirizine seems to be a preferred and appropriate future treatment choice
      for children with allergic diseases.

PMID- 19995096
TI  - Influence of BMI, Age and duration of diabetes mellitus on glycaemic control with
      twice-daily injections of biphasic insulin aspart 30 versus multiple daily
      injections of insulin aspart (JDDM 18): retrospective reanalysis of a 6-month,
      randomized, open-label, multicentre trial in Japan.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Good glycaemic control in patients with diabetes
      mellitus often requires insulin supplementation therapy. Recent developments of
      analogue insulin and premixed formulations have increased the therapeutic options
      for patients who need such therapy. This study aimed to retrospectively clarify
      appropriate treatment regimens according to age, body mass index (BMI) and
      duration of diabetes in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes previously entered
      in an open-label, randomized trial that compared convenience-oriented biphasic
      insulin aspart 30 versus multiple injections of insulin aspart with or without
      NPH insulin. METHODS: Japanese insulin-naive patients were randomized to receive
      either biphasic insulin aspart 30 twice daily or insulin aspart three times daily
      with or without multiple injections of NPH insulin for a treatment period lasting
      6 months. RESULTS: Reduction of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) at the end of
      6 months was not different in the two treatment groups irrespective of BMI, age
      and duration of diabetes. However, the achievement rate of HbA(1c) <7.0% was
      significantly higher in patients with a BMI <25 kg/m2 in the multiple-injection
      group and tended to be higher in patients with a diabetes duration <10 years in
      the twice-daily injection group. CONCLUSION: Twice-daily injections of biphasic
      insulin aspart 30 may be more suitable for obese patients whereas multiple
      injections of insulin aspart with or without NPH insulin may be preferable for
      those with a longer duration of diabetes.

PMID- 19995097
TI  - Rivastigmine transdermal patch skin tolerability: results of a 1-year clinical
      trial in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transdermal patches provide non-invasive, continuous
      drug delivery, and offer significant potential advantages over oral treatments.
      With all transdermal treatments a proportion of patients will experience some
      form of skin reaction. The rivastigmine patch has been approved for the treatment
      of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) since July 2007 in the US. The aim
      of the component of the trial reported here was to evaluate the skin tolerability
      of the rivastigmine transdermal patch in patients with mild-to-moderate AD.
      METHODS: The pivotal IDEAL trial was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo
      controlled, multicentre trial of the efficacy and tolerability of the
      rivastigmine transdermal patch in 1195 patients with mild-to-moderate AD. This
      was followed by a 28-week open-label extension. Although not prospectively
      defined as a secondary assessment, during both phases of the study the condition
      of the patients' skin at the application site was evaluated. These data are
      reviewed in this article. RESULTS: During the 24-week, double-blind phase of the
      study, 89.6% of patients in the target 9.5 mg/24 h patch treatment group had
      recorded 'no, slight or mild' signs or symptoms for their most severe application
      site reaction. Erythema and pruritus were the most commonly reported reactions.
      No patient in any patch treatment group experienced a skin reaction that was
      reported as a serious adverse event. In the 9.5 mg/24 h treatment group, 2.4% of
      patients discontinued treatment due to an application-site reaction. During the
      28-week open-label extension, the skin tolerability profile was similar to that
      seen in the double-blind phase. Overall, 3.7% of patients discontinued treatment
      due to application-site skin reactions. There was no indication that the severity
      of the skin reactions increased over time. CONCLUSION: Overall, the data support
      a favourable skin tolerability profile for the rivastigmine transdermal patch,
      and provide reassurance that the benefits of rivastigmine patch therapy for
      patients with AD are not confounded by significant skin irritation problems.
      Nevertheless, care should be taken to follow manufacturer's advice about patch
      application, such as daily rotation of the application site, to minimize the risk
      of skin reactions.

PMID- 19995098
TI  - Year two assessment of fenofibric acid and moderate-dose statin combination: a
      phase 3, open-label, extension study.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Long-term (>1 year) safety and efficacy studies of
      combination lipid therapy are lacking. This year 2 study evaluated fenofibric
      acid 135 mg in combination with moderate-dose statin (rosuvastatin 20 mg,
      simvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 40 mg) in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia.
      METHODS: This was a phase 3, open-label, year 2 extension study in patients who
      had completed one of three double-blind, 12-week, controlled studies and the
      subsequent open-label, year 1 extension study. Patients in this study had mixed
      dyslipidaemia (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] <40 mg/dL [<1.02
      mmol/L] for men or <50 mg/dL [<1.28 mmol/L] for women, triglycerides [TG] > or
      =150 mg/dL [> or =1.69 mmol/L], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] >
      or =130 mg/dL [> or =3.37 mmol/L]) at the start of the controlled study, and had
      completed the year 1 extension study. Treatment was once-daily oral
      coadministration of fenofibric acid 135 mg and moderate-dose statin (rosuvastatin
      20 mg, simvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 40 mg), and was identical to the
      treatment received in the year 1 study. The year 2 population safety data were
      summarized for the entire duration of fenofibric acid + statin therapy. Efficacy
      data were summarized by combination therapy group, as well as pooled across
      combination therapies, and summarized across the controlled and open-label
      studies. RESULTS: Of the 310 patients enrolled into the year 2 study, 287 (93%)
      completed therapy. The mean cumulative exposure to combination therapy was 743
      days across the studies. Adverse event rates were similar for all three
      combination therapy groups. No deaths or treatment-related serious adverse events
      occurred. The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse events was 2.9%
      overall. Rhabdomyolysis was not reported in any group. Overall, fenofibric acid +
      moderate-dose statin for > or =2 years resulted in sustained improvements in HDL
      C (+17.4%), TG (-46.4%) and LDL-C (-40.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This long-term study
      demonstrated that fenofibric acid + moderate-dose statin was generally well
      tolerated with no new or unexpected safety concerns, and resulted in
      comprehensive and sustained lipid improvements in patients with mixed
      dyslipidaemia.

PMID- 19995100
TI  - The lean factor.

PMID- 19995101
TI  - Why certification you ask?

PMID- 19995099
TI  - Sedative load among long-term care facility residents with and without dementia:
      a cross-sectional study.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: People with cognitive impairment are particularly
      susceptible to adverse drug events linked to sedative and psychotropic drugs. A
      model to calculate sedative load has been developed to quantify the cumulative
      effect of taking multiple drugs with sedative properties. The objective of this
      study was to describe the sedative load and use of sedative and psychotropic
      drugs among long-term care facility residents with and without dementia. METHODS:
      Cross-sectional data were collected from all 53 long-term care wards in Helsinki,
      Finland, in September 2003. Of the 1444 eligible residents, consent to
      participate was obtained for 1087 (75%) residents. Medication and diagnostic data
      were available for 1052 residents. All drugs were classified using the Anatomical
      Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Sedative load was calculated
      for each resident using a previously published four-group model. RESULTS: Of the
      1052 residents, 781 (74.2%) were determined to have dementia. Residents with and
      without dementia had a similar sedative load (mean 3.0 vs 2.7, p = 0.267), but
      residents with dementia were taking fewer drugs than residents without dementia
      (mean 6.7 vs 7.4, p = 0.011). Residents with dementia were more frequent users of
      antipsychotics (42.8% vs 32.8%, p = 0.004), but less frequent users of
      antidepressants (35.6% vs 46.1%, p = 0.002) and sedative-hypnotics (22.8% vs
      27.7%, p = 0.003) than residents without dementia. The most frequently used
      primary sedatives among people with dementia were temazepam (n = 122, 15.6%),
      oxazepam (n = 98, 12.5%) and lorazepam (n = 95, 12.2%). The most frequently used
      drugs with sedation as a prominent adverse effect or preparations with a sedating
      component among people with dementia were citalopram (n = 183, 23.4%),
      risperidone (n = 155, 19.8%) and olanzapine (n = 73, 9.3%). CONCLUSIONS:
      Residents with dementia were less frequent users of sedative-hypnotic drugs than
      residents without dementia. However, residents with and without dementia had a
      similar sedative load. Clinicians should be aware of the extent to which all
      individual drugs, not only those prescribed for intentional sedation, contribute
      to a resident's sedative load. The very high rates of sedative and psychotropic
      use observed in long-term care facility residents highlight the need for new
      strategies to optimize drug use.

PMID- 19995102
TI  - New challenges increase emphasis on cutting costs, demonstrating value.

PMID- 19995104
TI  - AAMI president challenges biomeds to prepare for change.

PMID- 19995109
TI  - Percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: a prospective evaluation of
      safety, efficiency, and risk factors.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of totally percutaneous endovascular aortic
      aneurysm repair in a large cohort of patients and to define risk factors for
      failure with a 10-F vascular closure system. METHODS: A prospective study
      examined the feasibility and safety of percutaneous femoral artery closure with a
      single Prostar XL 10-F vascular closure device applied in conjunction with the
      preclose technique. Between January 2004 and December 2005, 535 consecutive
      patients were treated for aortic aneurysmal disease. Thirty-five patients were
      excluded, leaving 500 patients (417 men; mean age 72+/-6.6 years) treated for
      aortic aneurysms using the Talent or Zenith stent-graft delivered through sheaths
      measuring 14-F (191, 21.2%), 16-F (33, 3.7%), 18-F (179, 19.8%), 20-F (2, 0.2%),
      22-F (228, 25.2%), and 24-F (271, 29.9%). Primary clinical success was defined as
      the freedom from additional early or late procedures to treat any complication at
      the access site. Data were analyzed to reveal any correlation of access site
      complications or early/late repairs to operator experience or risk factors
      (obesity, extensive femoral artery calcification, and previous
      interventions/scars in the groin). RESULTS: Primary success was achieved in 96.1%
      of all percutaneous approaches. Twenty-three patients developed early (n = 16) or
      late (n = 7) complications at the access vessel; in 12 cases, hemostasis was
      achieved using pledgets with the Prostar sutures. No wound complications were
      recorded. The need for early conversion to an open access correlated with CFA
      calcification (OR 74.5, 95% CI 17.8 to 310.7; p<0.001) and operator experience
      (OR 43.2, 95% CI 9.8 to 189.0; p<0.001). The risk of late access site repairs was
      significantly higher in the presence of a groin scar (OR 48.8, 95% CI 9.2 to
      259.0; p<0.001). Correlation of sheath size with early conversion to open access
      was weaker compared to all the other factors (OR 1.2, CI 95% 1.0 to 1.4; p<0.05).
      Obesity was not a risk factor for any complication. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous EVAR
      using the Prostar XL is safe, with minimal early and late complications. Operator
      experience is one of the most significant predictors of success. Anterior wall
      calcification and severe fibrosis of the access vessel are also predictors of
      primary failure, whereas obesity and sheath size are not.

PMID- 19995110
TI  - Size of the proximal neck in AAAs treated with balloon-expandable stent-grafts:
      CTA findings in mid- to long-term follow-up.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the evolution of the proximal aortic neck diameter in mid-
      to long-term follow-up after endovascular aneurysm repair of abdominal aortic
      aneurysm (AAA) with a balloon-expandable stent-graft. METHODS: Thirty patients
      (27 men; average age 71 years, range 56-87) with infrarenal AAAs were treated
      with the SETA-Latecba balloon-expandable stent-graft (6 aortomonoiliac and 24
      bifurcated configurations). Follow-up ranged from 4 to 8 years (mean 73.4
      months). Computed tomography was done systematically before the procedure, after
      implantation (1-3 months), at 1 year, and annually thereafter. The last follow-up
      scan was utilized to measure the proximal neck for purposes of comparison with
      baseline and the initial post-implant scans. RESULTS: Five patients died during
      follow-up of causes unrelated to the procedure. No endoleaks or graft migrations
      were observed. The pre-deployment proximal neck diameter (a) averaged 23.4 mm
      (range 18-32), the diameter after deployment of the stent-graft (b) averaged 24.9
      mm (range 18-34), and the most recent follow-up proximal neck measurement (c)
      averaged 23.8 mm (range 18-31). Comparing the last follow-up to the post-implant
      measurements (c-b), the neck diameter decreased in 15 (50%) patients [7 with
      short necks (i.e., <15 mm)] and remained unchanged (no variation) in 15 (50%)
      patients (4 with short necks). All patients treated with the SETA-Latecba balloon
      expandable stent-graft showed stability of the proximal aortic neck diameter in
      mid- to long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the diameter
      reached at initial deployment did not increase further in the long term, which
      supports the safety and reliability of this modular balloon-expandable stent
      graft and illustrates that this device does not produce dilatation of the
      proximal neck after deployment. Future dilatation of the aortic neck is unlikely,
      and consequently, migration or delayed type I endoleak are also unlikely.

PMID- 19995112
TI  - Taking femoropopliteal excimer laser photoablation therapy to the next level:
      defining the role of the TURBO-Booster guiding catheter in the CELLO registry.

PMID- 19995111
TI  - Excimer laser recanalization of femoropopliteal lesions and 1-year patency:
      results of the CELLO registry.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a modified laser catheter
      designed for the endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD)
      affecting the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and proximal popliteal artery.
      METHODS: The CliRpath Excimer Laser System to Enlarge Lumen Openings (CELLO)
      study was a single-arm, prospective registry conducted at 17 investigational
      sites in the United States. The primary endpoint was the reduction in index
      lesion percent diameter stenosis (% DS) measured by Doppler ultrasound following
      laser ablation prior to any adjunctive therapy. The primary safety endpoint was
      major adverse events at 6 months. Sixty-five patients (39 men; mean age 68.3+/
      10.1 years) with intermittent claudication, stenotic lesions >70% by visual
      assessment, a reference vessel diameter >or=4.0 and <or=7.0 mm, and a total
      lesion length >or=1.0 and <or=15.0 cm underwent laser-assisted recanalization
      with optional balloon angioplasty (BA) or BA + stenting. Sixty-five de novo
      lesions (5.6+/-4.7 cm) in 13 occluded and 52 stenotic arteries were treated.
      RESULTS: Laser ablation reduced the % DS from 77%+/-15% at baseline to 34.7%+/
      17.8%, which was reduced to 21%+/-14.5% after adjunctive therapy with BA (n = 42,
      64.6%) or BA + stenting (n = 15, 23.3%). Eight (12.3%) patients did not receive
      post laser adjunctive therapy. Patency rates (% DS <50%) were 59% and 54% at 6
      and 12 months, respectively. Target lesion revascularization was not required in
      76.9% of CELLO participants within the 1-year follow-up. There were no major
      adverse events. The study cohort demonstrated a statistically significant
      improvement in the walking impairment and functional status assessments during
      follow-up. CONCLUSION: The data validate the safety and efficacy of the
      investigational device, with a high clinical success rate and 12-month data
      indicating freedom from reintervention in the majority of patients treated.

PMID- 19995113
TI  - Stent-graft repair of aortobronchial fistula: a review.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of aortic stent-graft implantation in managing
      aortobronchial fistula (ABF). METHODS: A search of the Medline, EMBASE, and
      Cochrane databases for studies reporting on ABF treated with stent-grafts from
      1996 to 2008 retrieved 44 articles with data on 82 ABFs. Most (57 ABFs) were
      published in 30 case reports; the others were retrieved from 14 acute aortic
      series. RESULTS: In the perioperative period, 4 (4.9%) deaths (3 from hemorrhage)
      were reported, but no paraplegia/stroke. Local graft-related complications were
      more common, including arm ischemia (n = 4) and iliac ruptures (n = 3). Long-term
      data were available for only a few studies. Recurrent hemorrhage (14%) occurred
      from 2 weeks to 9 years after repair. Reinterventions to manage recurrences were
      generally based on redo endografting. CONCLUSION: A contaminated field and the
      emergency setting make stent-graft repair of ABFs challenging. After successful
      stent-graft deployment, the risks of recurrence and mortality are concerning. One
      can infer from the data that endografting might be a reasonable temporary bridge
      solution, but potentially unstable in the long term. Open repair likely will
      remain indicated once the patient has been stabilized physiologically with
      emergent stent-graft repair.

PMID- 19995114
TI  - Stent-graft repair of aortobronchial fistula: who are we kidding?

PMID- 19995115
TI  - Remote ischemic preconditioning for renal and cardiac protection during
      endovascular aneurysm repair: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report a randomized clinical trial designed to determine if remote
      ischemic preconditioning (IP) has the ability to reduce renal and cardiac damage
      following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). METHODS: Forty patients (all men;
      mean age 76+/-7 years) with abdominal aortic aneurysms averaging 6.3+/-0.8 cm in
      diameter were enrolled in the trial from November 2006 to January 2008. Eighteen
      patients (mean age 74 years, range 72-81) were randomized to preconditioning and
      completed the full remote IP protocol; there were no withdrawals. Twenty-two
      patients (mean age 76 years, range 66-80) were assigned to the control group.
      Remote IP was induced using sequential lower limb ischemia. Serum and urinary
      markers of renal and cardiac injury were compared between the groups. RESULTS:
      Urinary retinol binding protein (RBP) levels increased 10-fold from a median of
      235 micromol/L to 2356 micromol/L at 24 hours (p = 0.0001). There was a lower
      increase in the preconditioned group, from 167 micromol/L to 413 micromol/L at 24
      hours (p = 0.04). The median urinary albumin:creatinine ratio was significantly
      lower in the preconditioned group at 24 hours (5 versus 8.8, p = 0.06). There
      were no differences in the rates of renal impairment or major adverse cardiac
      events. CONCLUSION: Remote preconditioning reduces urinary biomarkers of renal
      injury in patients undergoing elective EVAR. This small pilot trial was unable to
      detect an effect on clinical endpoints; further trials are warranted.

PMID- 19995116
TI  - Remote ischemic preconditioning in vascular surgery patients: the additional
      value to medical treatment.

PMID- 19995117
TI  - Remote ischemic preconditioning: myth or reality?

PMID- 19995118
TI  - One-year outcome of percutaneous rotational atherectomy with aspiration in
      infrainguinal peripheral arterial occlusive disease: the multicenter pathway PVD
      trial.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report a safety and efficacy study of a novel rotational atherectomy
      system with aspiration capabilities for the treatment of infrainguinal arterial
      lesions. METHODS: From February 2006 to January 2007, 172 patients (88 women;
      mean age 72 years, range 51-93; 47% diabetics) with Rutherford class 1-5 lower
      limb ischemia were enrolled at 9 study sites. Inclusion criteria were
      atherosclerotic stenoses >70% and up to 10 cm long in the femoropopliteal segment
      or up to 3 cm long in the infrapopliteal vessels (reference vessel diameter 3.0
      5.0 mm). In the study, 210 lesions (mean length 2.7 cm) were treated with the
      Pathway PV System, including total occlusions (31%), lesions with a moderate to
      high calcium score (51%), and post-angioplasty (non-stent) restenotic lesions
      (15%). The primary study endpoint was the 30-day major adverse event (MAE) rate.
      RESULTS: Device success was 99% (208/210 lesions). MAE at 30 days was 1% (2
      preplanned amputations). Clinically driven target lesion revascularization rates
      at 6 and 12 months were 15% (25/172) and 26% (42/162), respectively. The 1-year
      restenosis rate was 38.2% based on duplex imaging. The ankle-brachial index
      increased significantly from 0.59+/-0.21 at baseline to 0.82+/-0.27 (p<0.05) at
      12 months. Mean Rutherford class improved from 3.0+/-0.9 at baseline to 1.5+/-1.3
      at 1 year (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of the Pathway PV System in
      atherosclerotic lesions appears to be safe and effective in improving stenosis
      severity, even in the presence of challenging lesion conditions. Vessel patency
      following intervention appears to be good up to 12 months, and these results
      translate into clinical benefit.

PMID- 19995119
TI  - Coming around for another pass: atherectomy devices may regain lost ground in
      lower extremity revascularization.

PMID- 19995120
TI  - The inside-out endograft: a proposed method to decrease the profile of aortic
      stent-grafts.
AB  - PURPOSE: To test the novel hypotheses that (1) endograft profile can be reduced
      if the components do not overlap in the carrier catheter and (2) the inside-out
      deployment technique can produce a device with overlapping layers. TECHNIQUE:
      This study evaluated an endograft in which the graft and stents were connected to
      each other in an end-to-end fashion without overlap. The endograft was released
      into a water flow model to become overlapping layers of graft and stents. Then, a
      Zenith endograft was modified and deployed using this technique, which reduced
      the Zenith endograft introducer from 20 to 14 French. CONCLUSION: Inside-out
      endograft deployment combined with the end-to-end connection of components
      without overlap may be an effective method to decrease the entry profile of
      aortic endografts.

PMID- 19995121
TI  - Flow reversal for proximal neuroprotection during endovascular management of
      critical symptomatic carotid artery stenosis coexisting with ipsilateral external
      carotid artery occlusion.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report the utility of proximal brain protection by flow reversal in
      endovascular management of critical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis
      coexisting with ipsilateral external carotid artery (iECA) occlusion. CASE
      REPORT: Four patients with a symptomatic, critical ICA stenosis (in-stent
      restenosis in one) and iECA occlusion were admitted for carotid artery stenting
      (CAS). In all cases, the stenosis severity and high-risk lesion morphology
      precluded the use of filter protection. The "tailored" CAS algorithm indicated
      that a proximal anti-embolism system should be used to maximize the potential for
      effective neuroprotection. The flow reversal system, which consists of an
      independent guiding sheath balloon positioned in the common carotid artery (CCA)
      and an iECA balloon-wire, was employed, using the CCA balloon only. The system
      was well-tolerated, and the CAS procedures were uneventful. CONCLUSION: Due to a
      unique design with separate CCA and iECA balloons, the flow reversal system can
      be used for proximal neuroprotection during CAS in severe, symptomatic ICA
      lesions coexisting with iECA occlusion.

PMID- 19995122
TI  - In vitro performance assessment of distal protection filters: pulsatile flow
      conditions.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro the capture efficiency of a distal protection
      filter (DPF) used during carotid artery stenting and examine the longitudinal
      vascular impedance in the presence of a DPF. METHODS: Four approved DPFs (Spider
      RX, FilterWire EZ, RX Accunet, and FiberNet) were evaluated in a physiologically
      realistic in vitro setup. A pulsatile programmable piston pump circulated a blood
      analog at a time-varying flow rate representative of the human common carotid
      artery. A silicone carotid bifurcation having average human dimensions was used
      for the carotid flow model. Microspheres ranging from 40 to 900 microm were
      injected to simulate embolization. The longitudinal vascular impedance was
      calculated as the ratio of the time-varying pressure gradient across the DPF to
      the time-varying flow rate in the internal carotid artery. RESULTS: RX Accunet
      had the highest capture efficiency (99.4%) and Spider RX the lowest (78.1%).
      Spider RX increased the longitudinal vascular impedance the least after
      deployment (+23%), while FilterWire EZ increased the longitudinal vascular
      impedance the least after particles were injected (+29%). FiberNet increased
      longitudinal vascular impedance the most (+84%). CONCLUSION: This investigation,
      unique for examining the effects of physiologically realistic pulsatile flow on
      DPF performance, can aid in the development of future generations of novel DPFs.

PMID- 19995123
TI  - Abdominal stent-graft collapse due to progression of a Stanford type B
      dissection.

PMID- 19995124
TI  - Re: Carotid Revascularization Using Endarterectomy or Stenting Systems (CaRESS):
      4-year outcomes.

PMID- 19995126
TI  - Concurrent versus two-stage hybrid procedures in the treatment of
      thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 19995129
TI  - Vitamin A deficiency and behavioral and motor deficits in the human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 transgenic rat.
AB  - The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transgenic (Tg) rat model
      incorporates a noninfectious viral genome that is under similar regulatory
      control mechanisms in vivo as those that exist with natural infection in humans.
      Vitamin A (VA) deficiency in humans has been associated with progressive systemic
      HIV disease and with impaired cognition in rodent models. The effects on of VA
      deficiency on the development of behavioral abnormalities with HIV infection have
      not been previously described. In these studies, wild-type (Wt) and Tg rats
      maintained on either a normal (VA+) or a VA-deficient (VA-) diet were examined
      for activity in an open field (horizontal activity, total distance, vertical
      activity, and rearing) and on rotarod testing. On both open field and rotarod
      testing, the Tg rats performed worse than the Wt rats, with the most severe
      deficits noted in the TgVA- animals. Analysis of the specific effects of the
      presence of the HIV transgene and the diet on the performance on the open field
      tests showed a dominant effect from the transgene on all of the tests, with an
      effect from the diet on only the number of rearings. On rotarod testing, effects
      form both the diet and the transgene were observed at lower speeds, at the
      highest speeds, and on the accelerating rotarod. These studies therefore
      demonstrate that behavioral and motor abnormalities can be detected in this model
      and are likely due to similar mechanisms by which humans infected with HIV might
      develop cognitive-motor impairment in association with VA deficiency.

PMID- 19995130
TI  - GCP II inhibition rescues neurons from gp120IIIB-induced neurotoxicity.
AB  - Excessive glutamate neurotransmission has been implicated in neuronal injury in
      many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), including human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia. Gp120IIIB is a strain of a HIV
      glycoprotein with specificity for the CXCR4 receptor that induces neuronal
      apoptosis in in vitro models of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-induced
      neurodegeneration. Since the catabolism of the neuropeptide N
      acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) by glutamate carboxypeptidase (GCP) II increases
      cellular glutamate, an event associated with excitotoxicity, we hypothesized that
      inhibition of GCP II may prevent gp120IIIB-induced cell death. Furthermore,
      through GCP II inhibition, increased NAAG may be neuroprotective via its agonist
      effects at the mGlu(3) receptor. To ascertain the therapeutic potential of GCP II
      inhibitors, embryonic day 17 hippocampal cultures were exposed to gp120IIIB in
      the presence of a potent and highly selective GCP II inhibitor, 2
      (phosphonomethyl)-pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA). 2-PMPA was found to abrogate
      gp120IIIB-induced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, 2-PMPA was
      neuroprotective when applied up to 2 h after the application of gp120IIIB. The
      abrogation of apoptosis by 2-PMPA was reversed with administration of mGlu(3)
      receptor antagonists and with antibodies to transforming growth factor (TGF)
      beta. Further, consistent with the localization of GCP II, 2-PMPA failed to
      provide neuroprotection in the absence of glia. GCP II activity and its
      inhibition by 2-PMPA were confirmed in the hippocampal cultures using
      radiolabeled NAAG and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
      Taken together, these data suggest that GCP II is involved in mediating gp120
      induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and GCP II inhibitors may have potential
      in the treatment of neuronal injury related to AIDS.

PMID- 19995131
TI  - Absorption of calcium from milk and tempeh consumed by postmenopausal Malay women
      using the dual stable isotope technique.
AB  - Assessment of calcium bioavailability from non-dairy foods containing moderate
      amounts of calcium is especially important in populations that have habitually
      low dairy consumption. Absorption of calcium from milk and tempeh (a traditional
      fermented soy product) was compared in a sample of Malay subjects. A randomized,
      crossover design was utilized to assess calcium absorption in 20 postmenopausal
      women from either a glass of milk (114 g) or from a meal of tempeh (206 g); each
      containing 130 mg calcium. At each study of Phase 1 (mid-July) and Phase 2 (mid
      August), intravenous (42)Ca and oral (44)Ca were administered and calcium
      absorption was measured in 24-h urine collections post-dosing; with a 1-month
      washout period between phases. Absorption of calcium from tempeh did not differ
      significantly from milk (36.9 +/- 10.6% vs. 34.3 +/- 8.6%, respectively). Due to
      differences in the calcium content of tempeh, four servings of this product would
      be needed to get the same amount of absorbed calcium as that obtained from a 4
      ounce glass of milk. Tempeh may provide readily available calcium for this
      population of women at risk for low bone mass.

PMID- 19995133
TI  - Inhaled corticosteroids should be initiated before discharge from the emergency
      department in patients with persistent asthma.
AB  - National and International Guidelines concur that inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
      are the preferred long-term maintenance drug therapy for mild persistent asthma
      for all ages. For moderate and severe persistent asthma, ICS are essential to
      optimal management, often concurrent with other key therapies. Despite strong
      evidence and consensus guidelines, ICS are still underused. While some patients
      who are treated in the emergency department (ED) have intermittent asthma, most
      have persistent asthma and need ICS for optimum outcomes. Failure to initiate ICS
      at this critical juncture often results in subsequent lack of ICS therapy. Along
      with a short course of oral corticosteroids, ICS should be initiated before
      discharge from the ED in patients with persistent asthma. Although the NIH/NAEPP
      Expert Panel Report 3 suggests considering the prescription of ICS on discharge
      from the ED, The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2008 guidelines recommend
      initiation or continuation of ICS before patients are discharged from the ED. The
      initiation of ICS therapy by ED physicians is also encouraged in the emergency
      medicine literature over the past decade. Misdiagnosis of intermittent asthma is
      common; therefore, ICS therapy should be considered for ED patients with this
      diagnosis with reassessment in follow-up office visits. To help ensure adherence
      to ICS therapy, patient education regarding both airway inflammation (show airway
      models/colored pictures) and the strong evidence of efficacy is vital. Teaching
      ICS inhaler technique, environmental control, and giving a written action plan
      are essential. Lack of initiation of ICS with appropriate patient education
      before discharge from the ED in patients with persistent asthma is common but
      unfortunately associated with continued poor patient outcomes.

PMID- 19995134
TI  - Measuring patient knowledge of asthma: a systematic review of outcome measures.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Asthma self-management education is a key component of international
      guidelines. No gold standard patient centred outcome measure exists for asthma
      knowledge. Our aim was to identify high-quality, validated, and reliable outcome
      measures suitable for use in either the research or clinical setting. METHODS: A
      systematic review was performed to identify outcome measures able to assess
      asthma knowledge in people with asthma. An electronic database search was made of
      MEDLINE, BNI, CINAHL, CDSR, DARE, Health Technology Assessment, NHS Economic
      Evaluation Database, EMBASE, AMED, PsychInfo and ISI. A review of grey literature
      was also performed. Articles were included if they described the development and
      psychometric testing of an asthma knowledge measure. The quality of each outcome
      measure was assessed according to published guidance. Content validity, construct
      validity, criterion validity, internal consistency, responsiveness, floor and
      ceiling effects, reproducibility, and interpretability were evaluated and given a
      rating of either "positive," "intermediate," or "negative." RESULTS: Eighteen
      outcome measures met the inclusion criteria. None of these had a positive rating
      for all eight psychometric properties. Three outcome measures achieved either a
      positive or intermediate rating for content validity, construct validity,
      internal consistency, and reproducibility. As none of the articles had sufficient
      data regarding floor and ceiling effects, responsiveness, or interpretability,
      these properties could not be assessed. CONCLUSION: We have been unable to
      identify any high-quality patient-centered asthma knowledge outcome measures. Any
      conclusions drawn from trials using such measures should therefore be interpreted
      with caution.

PMID- 19995135
TI  - Gender-related interactive effect of smoking and rural/urban living on asthma
      prevalence: a longitudinal Canadian NPHS study.
AB  - The effects of passive smoking on asthma are well documented, however there is
      limited research conducted to study the relationship of asthma and smoking among
      adult populations. This article aims to investigate the gender differences when
      studying the relationship of asthma prevalence and smoking and further explore if
      rural/urban living affects the relationship over time. The longitudinal National
      Population Health Survey (NPHS) dataset was used. For analytic purposes five time
      periods were used. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used to
      obtain the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 11,223
      participants ranging in age from 18 to 64; 5,382 men and 5,841 women, were
      included in the baseline time point (1994-1995). Rural/urban living for the
      present analysis was an effect modifier for the relationship of asthma prevalence
      and smoking, and this was true only for women. The results showed that female
      smokers and ex-smokers residing in rural locations were 1.4 times (95% CI: Rural
      Smokers = 1.02-1.94, and Rural Ex-smokers = 1.02-2.02) more likely to be
      diagnosed with asthma compared to non-smoking urban women. Results indicate that
      the combination of living in a rural area and smoking increases the risk of
      asthma prevalence among women but not among men.

PMID- 19995136
TI  - Modifiable risk factors for asthma morbidity in Bronx versus other inner-city
      children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bronx children have higher asthma prevalence and asthma morbidity
      than other US children. OBJECTIVE: To compare risk factors for asthma morbidity
      present in Bronx children with those of children from other US inner-city areas.
      METHODS: Cross-sectional, multi-state study of 1772 children ages 5-11 yrs. old
      with persistent asthma. Parental responses to the Child Asthma Risk Assessment
      Tool for 265 Bronx children are compared with those of 1507 children from 7 other
      sites (1 Northeast, 2 South, 2 Midwest, 2 West). RESULTS: Bronx children were
      significantly more likely to be sensitized to reported aeroallergens in their
      homes than were children from the other sites (86% vs. 58%; p < .001). More Bronx
      parents reported household cockroaches (65% v 20%; p < .001), mice (42% v 11%; p
      < .001), and rats (7% v 3%; p < .001); using a gas stove to heat the home (20% v
      9%; p < .001); and visible mold (48% v 25%; p < .001). Bronx parents were more
      likely to report pessimistic beliefs about controlling asthma (63% v 26%; p <
      .001) and high parental stress (48% v 37%; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with
      other inner-city children with asthma, Bronx children are more likely to be
      exposed to household aeroallergens to which they are sensitized and have poor
      housing conditions. Their parents are more likely to report low expectations for
      asthma control and high levels of psychological stress. Interventions that
      address these identified needs may help to reduce the disproportionate burden of
      asthma morbidity experienced by Bronx children.

PMID- 19995137
TI  - Loss of asthma control in inner city children with asthma after withdraw of
      asthma controller medication.
AB  - To determine what percentage of inner-city children with asthma would lose asthma
      control when taken off asthma controllers, a retrospective analysis was performed
      on inner-city asthmatic children who achieved asthma control in an asthma
      specific disease management program. Once disease control was achieved patients
      had stepwise reduction of asthma controllers based on the National Asthma
      Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) Expert Review Panel (EPR) 2 guidelines.
      In patients who were taken off all controllers, probability of maintaining asthma
      control at the first visit after cessation of these medications was significantly
      lower compared to patients kept on inhaled corticosteroids. We conclude that
      cessation of asthma controllers in previously well controlled inner-city
      asthmatic children results in loss of asthma control in a significant number of
      these patients. Data support recommendations from national asthma guidelines to
      step down controller therapy, but clinical monitoring is important to reduce
      impairment due to loss of control.

PMID- 19995138
TI  - Can patients with asthma feel inhaler therapy working right away? Two clinical
      trials testing the effect of timing of assessment on patient perception.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Feeling a maintenance therapy work right away may provide positive
      reinforcement and may offer one way to improve adherence in patients with asthma.
      Precise measurement is required to accurately compare the presence of this effect
      across clinical trial treatment groups. METHODS: Two randomized, controlled
      studies tested whether timing of assessment (daily vs weekly, study 1; and
      predose vs postdose, study 2) influenced patients' reports of whether they can
      feel a medication working right away (perception), and their satisfaction with
      this perception (satisfaction). These 2-week US-based multicenter double-blind,
      parallel-group studies included patients > or = 18 years of age with mild to
      moderate persistent asthma. In each, patients were randomized to one of two drugs
      with different onset profiles: budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose
      inhaler (pMDI) 80/4.5 microg x 2 inhalations (160/9 microg) twice daily or
      budesonide pMDI 80 microg x 2 inhalations (160 microg) twice daily. Patients were
      further randomized to complete previously validated perception and satisfaction
      questions in a cross-over fashion, either daily and weekly (N = 123) or predose
      and postdose (N = 134). Patient surveys also assessed perceptions of the onset of
      effect of medication and their value of these perceptions. RESULTS: No
      significant differences were observed in patients' reports of perception, either
      daily versus weekly or predose versus postdose. A statistically significant
      difference in satisfaction was found in study 1 only, favoring weekly recall (p <
      0.05), with sensitivity analysis showing no difference by treatment group (p =
      0.162). Across both studies, most patients (87%) who perceived their inhaler
      working right away (136 of 157 patients) identified positive airway sensations.
      Most patients reported that feeling their medication work right away is
      reassuring and would help them manage their asthma. CONCLUSION: Assessment timing
      has no effect on patient response to the perception of feeling a medication
      working right away. Differences found in satisfaction levels reported with weekly
      versus daily recall were consistent across treatment groups, indicating that no
      bias was introduced in favor of either treatment group. Patients characterized
      the perception of feeling a maintenance therapy working right away as easier
      breathing and reported this perception as beneficial to patient self-care.

PMID- 19995139
TI  - Asthma research performance in Asia-Pacific: a bibliometric analysis by searching
      PubMed database.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Countries in the Asia-Pacific region have experienced
      an increase in the prevalence of asthma, and they have been actively involved in
      asthma research recently. This study aimed to analyze asthma research from Asia
      Pacific in the last decade by bibliometric method. METHOD: Asthma articles from
      Asia-Pacific countries published between 1998 and 2007 were retrieved from PubMed
      by searching MeSH for "asthma." RESULTS: Most of published asthma articles in
      Asia-Pacific are from affluent countries in northeast Asia and Oceania. Australia
      and Japan have been the regional powerhouses since they contributed more than
      half of regional articles on asthma. Asthma publications from emerging economies
      in Asia such as South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, have dramatically
      increased in the last decade in terms of quantity and quality aspects and were
      considerable sources of basic and translational research in the region. Mainland
      China and India have significantly increased their research capacity as well, but
      quality needs to be improved. Asthma publications from New Zealand and Australia,
      countries with the highest asthma prevalence rates in the world, yielded highest
      citation counts per articles and were published in journals with high impact
      factor. Asthma research parameters per million population correlate well with
      gross domestic product per capita. Almost half (41%) of total articles were
      produced from only 25 institutions in the region and almost half of them (47%)
      were published in 20 journals. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma research in Asia-Pacific were
      mainly conducted in countries in Oceania and Northeast Asia and research
      performance strongly correlated with the nation's wealth. Interesting asthma
      research projects in the region were recommended.

PMID- 19995140
TI  - The added burden of comorbidity in patients with asthma.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Compare the prevalence of comorbidities in adults with and without
      asthma in Canada and investigate the association between comorbidities in
      patients with asthma and the occurrence of asthma symptoms or attacks. METHODS:
      Survey data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were analyzed.
      A total of 132,221 Canadians participated in the national survey; 10,089 adult
      respondents from 10 Canadian provinces and 3 territories reported having asthma.
      Analyses focused on 11 major chronic comorbidities. RESULTS: Respondents with
      asthma were more likely to have comorbidities except cancer; 31% of respondents
      with asthma and comorbidities reported their health status to be fair or poor.
      For respondents with asthma, non-asthma chronic respiratory disease, mental
      illness, and allergy were significantly associated with having asthma symptoms or
      attacks. CONCLUSIONS: Many Canadians with asthma report a high comorbidity
      burden. These patients will likely require more health services and more complex
      health management strategies. Comorbid conditions should be clearly identified
      with particular emphasis on management of mood disorders and anxiety because
      these conditions are likely to increase asthma symptomatology and may be
      unrecognized by clinicians.

PMID- 19995141
TI  - Patient compliance with assessing and monitoring of asthma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The current asthma guidelines encourage use of a diary for assessing
      and monitoring symptoms and airway function. However, patient compliance and
      acceptability are usually poor owing to the burden of frequent and prolonged
      assessment. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether better patient compliance could be
      ensured if a study was more relevant to patient convenience and had less impact
      on their daily life. METHODS: A total of 106 patients with symptomatic asthma
      underwent a fixed-time thrice-daily assessment schedule for a period lasting 2
      weeks, and they were assigned to a doctor visit after the assessment. Symptoms
      and medication use were recorded in a booklet (paper diary) and airway function
      measured by a portable spirometer (electronic diary). RESULTS: Of 4,452 expected
      entries, the paper diary yielded 3,186 compliant entries and the electronic diary
      yielded 3,557 compliant entries; 71% of patients completed at least 30 compliant
      entries in the paper diary and 79% in the electronic diary. Use of an electronic
      device was associated with better compliance compared with paper technique (80.0%
      vs. 71.7%, p < 0.0001). Patient compliance decreased in the second week compared
      with the first week of diary keeping for both types of diaries (paper diary:
      68.6% vs. 74.8%, p < 0.0001; electronic diary: 76.7% vs. 83.4%, p < 0.0001). The
      morning compliance was the least good, the afternoon better, and the evening best
      (paper diary: 68.2% vs. 71.0% vs. 75.9%, p < 0.0001; electronic diary: 77.2% vs.
      79.0% vs. 83.9%, p < 0.0001). Among demographics and clinical factors, higher
      anxiety levels were linked to lower patient compliance. CONCLUSION: Good patient
      compliance and acceptability can be achieved when a study takes into account
      patient convenience, uses user friendly electronic devices, and is less
      disruptive to patients' daily life.

PMID- 19995142
TI  - Effect of ciclesonide on bronchial asthma in athletes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although it is well established that the incidence of bronchial
      asthma is higher in the athlete population than in the general population, little
      information exists about the efficacy of treatment of bronchial asthma in the
      athlete population. OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study with the objective of
      determining the efficacy of treatment of bronchial asthma in an athlete
      population living in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. METHODS: We conducted a
      retrospective study of bronchial asthma in an athlete population. Athletes
      diagnosed as having asthma, based on the Global Initiatives for Asthma (GINA)
      guidelines, who visited the Niigata Institute for Health and Sports Medicine
      between January 2007 and June 2008 were enrolled in this study. We compared two
      groups of patients, a group treated with ciclesonide (CIC) alone and another
      treated with montelukast alone, with the treatment duration lasting at least 3
      months in both groups. The CIC or montelukast groups were compared in terms of
      the clinical symptoms, pulmonary function parameters, and fraction of exhaled
      nitric oxide (FENO). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the sex
      distribution, age, frequency of symptoms, pulmonary function parameters, or other
      examination data before treatment between the CIC and montelukast groups. The CIC
      group tended to show better symptom control and to need fewer changes of
      treatment than the montelukast group. While improvements of the pulmonary
      function parameters and FENO values were observed in the CIC group, no
      significant changes of these parameters were observed in the montelukast group.
      CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that CIC offers greater promise for the control
      of asthma than montelukast in the athlete population, although further
      investigation is required.

PMID- 19995143
TI  - Methotrexate: can it be a choice for nasal polyposis in aspirin exacerbated
      respiratory disease?
AB  - Nasal polyposis (NP) is considered a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis and is
      commonly associated with asthma, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis. A certain
      subgroup of nasal polyposis is known as Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
      (AERD), previously called Samter's Triad or aspirin triad, comprising polyposis,
      asthma, and aspirin hypersensitivity and makes up almost 10% of cases of NP.
      Therapy of NP involves a combination of medical and surgical treatments. However,
      recurrences are common, particularly in patients with asthma and aspirin
      hypersensitivity. Both topical and systemic corticosteroids form the mainstay of
      conservative therapy for NP as well as a primary treatment and prevention for
      recurrences. They have been shown to improve nasal breathing, rhinitis symptoms,
      and reduce the size of NP, along with the rate of recurrence. There is great
      concern about the adverse effects of systemic steroids, especially when long-term
      usage is necessary to maintain improvement. So far, no knowledge exists about the
      effects of methotrexate (MTX) on NP of the patients with asthma. We report two
      patients whose NP dramatically reduced in size after a course of MTX therapy
      administered as an additional treatment for their steroid- dependent asthma.

PMID- 19995144
TI  - Asthma control test and peak expiratory flow rate: independent pediatric asthma
      management tools.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Management of asthma reflects the complexity of the pathogenesis.
      According to current National Heart Lung Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines,
      asthma control can be assessed using the validated asthma control test, measures
      of airway function, and overall assessment of risk and quality of life. We
      hypothesized that the asthma control test and measures of airway function are
      independent tools in asthma management. We also studied whether the presence of
      nasal symptoms is correlated to these measures. METHODS: Serial visits (n = 45)
      to a pediatric respiratory clinic in an underserved area of San Diego County with
      a predominantly Hispanic population were reviewed. Patients were included if they
      were able to perform airway function tests and had more than one provider visit.
      Patients with other major diseases were excluded. We determined whether
      uncontrolled asthmatics, defined as an Asthma Control test (ACT) score of 19 or
      less, had lower % predicted peak expiratory flow Measurements as a group compared
      to those with higher scores. In addition, the individual ACT and airway function
      results were analyzed. Patients with and without nasal symptoms at the time of
      presentation were sub-analyzed to determine differences in ACT and peak flow
      measurements. RESULTS: Based on n = 45 physician visits, the mean ACT score was
      21 +/- 3.3 (range 12-25) and the mean peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was 87.4%
      +/- 11 (range 65-109%). Patients with ACT scores < or = to 19 or lower (< or =
      90%) PEFRs were determined not to have more nasal symptoms. The measures of ACT
      and peak expiratory flow were independent and not correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Our
      study indicates that ACT and PEFR are distinct parameters used to manage patients
      in a pediatric outreach asthma clinic.

PMID- 19995146
TI  - Relation between central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in Punjabi
      population.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The motive of this study was to determine the variation of central
      corneal thickness (CCT) in the Punjabi population and to examine its relationship
      with intraocular pressure (IOP) using a non-contact tonometer. The study and
      results emphasize the effects of age, sex and refraction on this relationship,
      which is important for the diagnosis and prevention of glaucoma in adequate time.
      METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional, population-based survey. The
      participants were 279 females and 253 males of Punjab Province, India, in the age
      group of 21-70 years. The CCT was measured using an ultrasonic pachymeter, and
      the IOP was measured using an air-puff tonometer in all subjects. RESULTS: The
      mean values of CCT and IOP were observed to vary imprecisely with age. The
      measurement of both parameters was also affected by sex and refraction. The
      linear regression analysis suggests that the mean value of CCT grows
      progressively with increasing value of mean IOP. A significant positive
      correlation was identified between CCT and IOP in the age group of 21-70 years.
      The authors inferred that this correlation value varies prominently with age for
      both sexes, which needs to be investigated further. CONCLUSIONS: The authors
      suggest that CCT is a noteworthy source of variation in IOP measurements for
      males as well as females belonging to different age groups, when assessing IOP as
      a risk for glaucoma in the Punjabi population.

PMID- 19995145
TI  - Mediators in exhaled breath condensate after hypertonic saline challenge.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Airway narrowing after hypertonic saline challenge (HSC) is
      postulated to be mediated by bronchoconstrictors and inflammatory mediators.
      OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of this challenge by using exhaled breath
      condensate (EBC). METHODS: Fifty-six subjects (9 to 72 years of age) performed an
      HSC, with EBC collection and exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurements before and
      after the challenge. Bronchial hyper-reactivity (BHR) was defined if forced
      expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decreased by 10% compared with baseline
      (PD10). EBC volume was recorded and was analyzed for mucin, histamine,
      nitrite/nitrate, and pH. RESULTS: Those with BHR had a significant rise in EBC
      volume/5-minute collection period after challenge (286.3 +/- 25.6 microl vs 402.2
      +/- 31.3 microl, p = 0.0002), while BHR(-) subjects did not show this change
      (387.6 +/- 29.7 microl vs 364.1 +/- 30.1 microl, p = 0.55). FENO showed a
      significant decrease in both BHR(+) and BHR(-) groups after challenge (p = <
      0.0001). In BHR(+) subjects histamine increased significantly (1.3 +/- 0.1 microM
      vs 1.5 +/- 0.1 microM, p = 0.006) compared with baseline, while EBC pH and mucin
      increased significantly after HSC in both groups. EBC nitrite did not change in
      either group. CONCLUSION: EBC analysis suggests that HSC causes an increase in pH
      and mucin in both groups, but EBC volume and histamine only increased in the
      BHR(+) group. This suggests that mast cells are activated and fluid flux is
      associated with the positive response, while mucin release is independent of BHR
      in HSC.

PMID- 19995147
TI  - Design of a novel polymeric heart valve.
AB  - Polymeric heart valves could offer an optimum alternative to current prostheses,
      by joining the advantages of mechanical and bioprosthetic valves. Though a number
      of materials suitable for this application have recently become available,
      significant improvements in the valve design are still needed. In this paper, a
      novel polymeric heart valve design is proposed and its optimization procedure,
      based on the use of finite elements, is described. The design strategy was aimed
      at reducing the energy absorbed during the operating cycle, resulting in high
      hydrodynamic performances and reduced stress levels. The efficacy of the design
      strategy was assessed by comparing the valve dynamics and stress levels predicted
      numerically during the cycle with those of an existing and well qualified
      polymeric valve design. The improved hydrodynamic performance of the proposed
      design was confirmed experimentally, by in vitro testing in a pulse duplicator.

PMID- 19995148
TI  - Vibrational bone characteristics versus bone density for the assessment of
      osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Our previous research findings suggested this integrated study in order to
      monitor changes of bone properties and assess bone integrity using vibrational
      characteristics in osteoporosis. The method is based on measurement of the bone
      dynamic characteristic modal damping factor (MDF). The experimental animal model
      is ovariectomized rat followed by alendronate treatment. According to the
      experimental design, adult female Wistar rats are ovariectomized and 60 days
      later, with confirmed osteoporosis, the population is divided into two groups.
      One is administered alendronate and the second is given no treatment.
      Furthermore, established techniques such as pQCT and histomorphometry are applied
      at all time points, in order to compare and correlate to MDF. The results
      indicate induction of osteoporosis due to ovariectomy and render MDF capable of
      monitoring changes in bone material properties and architecture, with high
      sensitivity and repeatability.

PMID- 19995151
TI  - Tibolone reduces osteoporotic fracture risk and breast cancer risk, but increases
      the risk of stroke.

PMID- 19995150
TI  - Chondrogenic transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts stimulated with
      cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1.
AB  - This study aimed to investigate the chondrogenic transdifferentiation potential
      of human dermal fibroblasts (DFs) by stimulation with cartilage-derived
      morphogenetic protein 1 (CDMP1). Using CDMP1 (100 ng/mL) we induced human DFs at
      passage 5 in both monolayer and micromass culture. Chondrogenic-specific markers
      were detected via immunochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain
      reaction, and Western blot analysis in the collected specimens. The expression
      profile of adhesion molecules including integrin alpha5, beta1, and N-cadherin of
      DFs accompanying with chondrogenesis was further investigated. After 7 days of
      induction in monolayer culture, DFs acquired the polygonal chondrocyte-like shape
      with positive expression of chondrogenic-specific markers. Such a phenotypic
      transition of DFs was lost at 14 days. However, in micromass culture the
      chondrogenic transdifferentiation of DFs can be maintained even at 14 days. No
      chondrogenesis was detected in DFs without CDMP1 treatment under both culture
      conditions. By neutralization assay with blocking antibodies, it was further
      revealed that integrin alpha5 expression was in direct proportion to the degree
      of chondrogenic differentiation. Based on our findings, it can be ascertained
      that DFs are capable of transdifferentiating into a chondrogenic lineage by
      stimulation with CDMP1 in vitro. The integrin alpha5 mediating cell-cell and cell
      matrix interactions is required for maintaining the chondrogenic phenotype of
      DFs.

PMID- 19995152
TI  - Natural hormone therapy for menopause.
AB  - Menopausal women are deficient in estrogen, progesterone, and frequently in
      testosterone and DHEA. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the United States has
      generally consisted of one or two agents, typically equine estrogen and
      medroxyprogesterone, with increased risk of heart attack, stroke, dementia, and
      breast cancer [WHI trials]. Bio-identical hormones [chemically endogenous
      hormones] have gained popularity and can be mixed according to physician's orders
      by compounding pharmacists in the United States. However, there is little
      published information about the use of such hormones. This paper reports a 12
      plus months follow up on 189 patients who were administered natural estrogen plus
      progesterone with or without DHEA or testosterone according to a rationalized
      protocol described later. Ninety-seven percent of the patients experienced
      varying degrees of symptom control, whereas three had minimal or questionable
      benefit. Mental symptoms experienced upon presentation improved in 90% of the
      patients. Sixty percent of the patients, who had gained weight during menopause,
      lost an average of 14.8 lbs [SD 11.98 lbs]. Complications described with
      traditional HRT did not develop in this group of patients. These findings point
      out a need for larger controlled trials of similar protocols in the management of
      menopause.

PMID- 19995153
TI  - Recurrent hypersplenism caused by giant accessory spleen due to portal
      hypertension after splenectomia.
AB  - Splenectomy is one of the primary choices of treatment in immune thrombocytopenic
      purpura. However, the disease may relapse despite splenectomy. One of the leading
      causes of relapse is the presence of accessory spleen, which may become enlarged
      significantly with underlying pathologies such as presence of portal
      hypertension. The accessory spleen, which will inevitably enlarge in time, may
      grow significantly within a short period of time in the presence of portal
      hypertension and may thus be misdiagnosed as a tumoral mass. Presence of ectopic
      spleen should be borne in mind in patients diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic
      purpura with relapsing hypersplenism following splenectomy. This article
      discusses a patient developing portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver
      disease and presenting with a significantly enlarged accessory spleen as well as
      hypersplenism findings.

PMID- 19995154
TI  - Periapical follicle stem cell: a promising candidate for cementum/periodontal
      ligament regeneration and bio-root engineering.
AB  - Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated tissue regeneration offers opportunities to
      regenerate a bio-root and its associated periodontal tissues to restore tooth
      loss. Previously, we proved that the apical end of developing root was acting as
      a promising candidate cell source for root/periodontal tissue (R/PT)
      regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the properties of periapical
      follicle stem cells (PAFSCs) isolated from the apical end of developing root of
      human third molars at the root-developing stage and evaluated the potential
      application of these cells for cementum/periodontal ligament (PDL) regeneration
      and bio-root engineering. Putative PAFSCs were isolated and subcultured until
      20th passage. Cell characteristics of PAFSCs at early or late passage were
      evaluated and compared with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) via a series
      of histological, cellular, and molecular analyses. PAFSCs at early passage
      presented crucial stem cell properties and showed a higher proliferation rate
      than PDLSCs in vitro. Meanwhile, PAFSCs also showed the tissue-regenerative
      capacity to produce a typical cementum/PDL-like complex in vivo. During long-term
      passage, both cell populations changed in morphology and gradually lost their
      stem cell properties. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of
      mineralization-related genes markedly declined as more passages were carried out,
      which might lead to the loss of tissue-regenerative capacity of these 2 groups of
      cells in vivo. Our findings suggest that developing tissue-derived PAFSCs are a
      distinctive cell population from PDLSCs and might be a promising candidate for
      bio-root engineering.

PMID- 19995155
TI  - Personality testing may improve resident selection in anesthesiology programs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Current methods of selecting future residents for anesthesiology
      training programs do not adequately distinguish those who will succeed from the
      pool of seemingly well-qualified applicants. Some residents, despite high exam
      scores, may struggle in the operating room (OR) in stressful situations. AIMS:
      This study examined whether specific neuropsychological and personality measures
      can distinguish high competency residents from low-competency residents to aid in
      resident selection. METHODS: Twenty-five residents enrolled in an anesthesiology
      program at a major academic institution were identified for participation.
      Thirteen were evaluated as "high competency" residents and 12 as "low competency"
      by the department's clinical competency committee. Groups were evaluated on
      measures of fine motor dexterity, executive functioning, processing speed,
      attention, and personality. RESULTS: There were no significant differences
      between groups on measures of fine-motor dexterity, executive functioning,
      processing speed, or attention. High competency residents scored significantly
      higher than low-competency residents on measures of cooperation, self-efficacy,
      and adventurousness, and lower on measures of neuroticism, anxiety, anger, and
      vulnerability. CONCLUSION: Although measures of fine-motor dexterity, executive
      functioning, processing speed, and attention do not appear to distinguish between
      high- and low-competency residents in anesthesiology, specific personality
      characteristics may be associated with success in an anesthesiology training
      program.

PMID- 19995156
TI  - A theory-based curriculum design for remediation of residents' communication
      skills.
AB  - PROBLEM: Residents requiring remediation are often deficient in communication
      skills, namely clinical interviewing skills. Residents have to digest large
      amounts of knowledge, and then apply it in a clinical interview. The patient
      centered approach, as demonstrated in the Calgary-Cambridge model and Martin's
      Map, can be difficult to teach. Before implementing a remediation curriculum, the
      theoretical educational underpinnings must be sound; curriculum evaluation is
      often expensive. Before establishing metrics for curriculum evaluation, a
      starting point is to perform a mental experiment to test theoretical adherence.
      METHODS: This article describes an experiential remedial curriculum for
      communication skills. Educational theories of Kolb, Knowles, Bandura, and Bloom
      are used to design the curriculum into theory-based design components.
      CONCLUSIONS: Kolb's experiential cycle models the natural sequence of
      experiencing, teaching, and learning interviewing skills. A curriculum structured
      around this cycle has multiple intercalations with the above educational
      theories. The design is strengthened by appropriately timed use of education
      strategies such as learning contracts, taped interviews, simulations, structured
      reflection, and teacher role modeling. Importantly, it also models the form of
      the clinical interview format desired. Through understanding and application of
      contemporary educational theories, a program to remediate interviewing skills can
      increase its potential for success.

PMID- 19995157
TI  - Motivation, study habits, and expectations of medical students in Singapore.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the motivation and incentives in education, learning
      experience and teaching techniques, and expectations about future careers among
      medical students from a multi-ethnic Asian country. METHODS: Pre-validated
      questionnaire-based survey with stratified random sampling among medical
      students. The questionnaire combined qualitative responses with semi-quantitative
      measures of available alternatives. RESULTS: The response rate was 83.1%. The
      most important factor for pursuing university study was 'prospect of finding an
      interesting challenging job' (rank 1-75%). Family made a significant contribution
      in decision making. Given the chance, a majority (67.2%) of respondents would
      prefer to study overseas. The main deterring factors were cost (67.7%), distance
      from home (28%), and local opportunity for post-graduation (23.4%). Despite their
      inclination of study overseas, the majority (73.9%) of the respondents indicated
      they were either very satisfied or satisfied with their current choice of
      university study. Only 20% of students were comfortable in asking questions in
      classroom as asking questions was deemed 'too risky' and 'unnecessary to get
      better grades'. Students adopted strategies related to assessment and competition
      to monitor their study. Senior students reported university education as less
      relevant to their future careers as compared to junior students (p = 0.002).
      CONCLUSIONS: Students' learning behaviour is determined by complex factors such
      as educational incentives, learning support, assessment and competition. Among
      several external factors, family, job prospects and expectations about the future
      play a critical role in education.

PMID- 19995158
TI  - Effect of using an audience response system on learning environment, motivation
      and long-term retention, during case-discussions in a large group of
      undergraduate veterinary clinical pharmacology students.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Teaching methods that provide an opportunity for individual
      engagement and focussed feedback are required to create an active learning
      environment for case-based teaching in large groups. AIMS: A prospective
      observational controlled study was conducted to evaluate whether the use of an
      audience response system (ARS) would promote an active learning environment
      during case-based discussions in large groups, have an impact on student
      motivation and improve long-term retention. METHODS: Group A (N = 83)
      participated in large group case discussions where student participation was
      voluntary, while for group B (N = 86) an ARS was used. Data collection methods
      included student and teacher surveys, student focus group interviews, independent
      observations and 1-year post-course testing. RESULTS: Results indicated that the
      use of an ARS provided an active learning environment during case-based
      discussions in large groups by favouring engagement, observation and critical
      reflection and by increasing student and teacher motivation. Although final exam
      results were significantly improved in group B, long-term retention was not
      significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that ARS
      use significantly improved the learning experience associated with case-based
      discussions in a large group of undergraduate students.

PMID- 19995159
TI  - What influences student experience of Graduate Entry Medicine? Qualitative
      findings from Swansea School of Medicine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Graduate Entry Programme (GEP) in Medicine delivered by Swansea
      University (currently in collaboration with Cardiff University) accepts students
      from a diverse range of academic backgrounds with no restriction in relation to
      the field of first degree. There is a growing body of literature, predominantly
      quantitative in nature, regarding the influence of academic background on student
      achievement but little published information on students' views. AIM: To examine
      students' views regarding the extent to which previous higher education and wider
      life experience influence their student experience on the GEP course. METHOD:
      Recruitment from three student cohorts and group interview data followed by
      descriptive thematic analysis of anonymized data. RESULTS: Data themes were: (1)
      previous study experience and its impact on present student experience; (2) the
      impact of life experience; (3) the impact of the present study on life
      experience; (4) skills, status and difference; (5) characteristics and
      expectations of the course; (6) finances and (7) next steps. Previous study
      experience had little impact on present student experience. However, previous
      life experience, with time between first degree and GEP, clearly enhances the
      learning experience. Added maturity and early clinical contact enables students
      to manage the challenges of the course and the NHS environment despite financial
      strain and heavy coursework. CONCLUSIONS: Analysing students' views is
      informative and provides richer insight into experience and expectations than
      that accessible from quantitative data alone.

PMID- 19995160
TI  - Using a structured clinical coaching program to improve clinical skills training
      and assessment, as well as teachers' and students' satisfaction.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The ability to deliver the traditional apprenticeship method of
      teaching clinical skills is becoming increasingly more difficult as a result of
      greater demands in health care delivery, increasing student numbers and changing
      medical curricula. Serious consequences globally include: students not covering
      all elements of clinical skills curricula; insufficient opportunity to practise
      clinical skills; and increasing reports of graduates' incompetence in some
      clinical skills. METHODS: A systematic Structured Clinical Coaching Program
      (SCCP) for a large cohort of Year 1 students was developed, providing explicit
      learning objectives for both students and paid generalist clinical tutors. It
      incorporated ongoing multi-source formative assessment and was evaluated using a
      case-study methodology, a control-group design, and comparison of formative
      assessment scores with summative Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
      scores. RESULTS: Students demonstrated a higher level of competence and
      confidence, and the formative assessment scores correlated with the Research
      students' summative OSCE scores. SCCP tutors reported greater satisfaction and
      confidence through knowing what they were meant to teach. At-risk students were
      identified early and remediated. DISCUSSION: The SCCP ensures consistent quality
      in the teaching and assessment of all relevant clinical skills of all students,
      despite large numbers. It improves student and teacher confidence and
      satisfaction, ensures clinical skills competence, and could replace costly OSCEs.

PMID- 19995161
TI  - Perceptions by medical students of their educational environment for obstetrics
      and gynaecology in metropolitan and rural teaching sites.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Medical student education in Western Australia is expanding to
      secondary level metropolitan hospitals and rural sites to accommodate workforce
      demands and increasing medical student numbers. AIMS: To determine if students'
      perceptions of the teaching environment for obstetrics and gynaecology differ
      between tertiary, secondary level metropolitan hospitals and rural sites, and to
      determine if students' perceptions of their learning environment are associated
      with improved academic performance. METHOD: An evaluation was conducted of
      medical students' perceptions of their learning environment during an obstetrics
      and gynaecology program at a variety of sites across metropolitan and rural
      Western Australia. The evaluation was based on the Dundee Ready Education
      Environmental Measure (DREEM) questionnaire. RESULTS: There were no significant
      differences in students' perceptions of their learning environment between the
      tertiary hospital, combined programs involving a tertiary and secondary
      metropolitan hospital, rural sites with a population of more than 25,000 and
      rural sites with a population less than 25,000 people. Perceptions were similar
      in male and female students. The overall mean score for all perceptions of the
      learning environment in obstetrics and gynaecology were in the range considered
      to be favorable. Higher scores of perceptions of the learning environment were
      associated positively with the measures of academic achievement in the clinical,
      but not written, examination. CONCLUSION: Medical students' perceptions of their
      learning environment in obstetrics and gynaecology were not influenced by the
      geographical site of delivery or their gender but were positively related to
      higher academic achievement. Providing appropriate academic and clinical support
      systems have been put in place the education of medical students can be extended
      outside major hospitals and into outer metropolitan and rural communities without
      any apparent reduction in perceptions of the quality of their learning
      environment.

PMID- 19995162
TI  - The development and evaluation of a Professional Self Identity Questionnaire to
      measure evolving professional self-identity in health and social care students.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Professional self-identity is a 'state of mind' -- identifying one's
      self as a member of a professional group. Delayed professional self-identity is a
      barrier to successful transition from student to professional. Current trends in
      medical education limit student doctors' legitimate peripheral participation and
      may retard their developing professional self-identity compared with other health
      and social care students. AIMS: Develop a tool to monitor the development of
      professional self-identity to operate across the different health and social care
      professions and evaluate the tool with student doctors before wider data
      collection. METHOD: Content analysis of relevant curricula, mapped to
      professional standards documents, defined initial content. Field tests across 10
      professional groups refined questionnaire items. A cross-sectional study on 496
      student doctors evaluated validity on the basis of internal structure and
      relationships with external variables. RESULTS: The 9-item questionnaire
      indicates a three-factor structure reflecting 'interpersonal tasks', 'generic
      attributes' and 'profession-specific elements'. Students with greater previous
      experience of health or social care roles, and students with a more positive
      attitude to qualification had significantly more advanced scores than their
      peers. Scores advanced through the curriculum showing step changes after the
      start of clinical attachments. CONCLUSIONS: The data provides sufficient evidence
      of validity with student doctors to justify wider data collection.

PMID- 19995163
TI  - Mapping the work-based learning of novice teachers: charting some rich terrain.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Work-based non-formal learning plays a key role in faculty
      development yet these processes are yet to be described in detail in medical
      education. AIM: This study sets out to illuminate these processes so that
      potential benefits for new and inexperienced medical educators and their mentors
      can be realised. METHOD: The non-formal learning processes of 12 novice teachers
      were investigated across hospital, general practice and medical school settings.
      The research sought to describe 'what' and 'how' non-formal learning takes place,
      and whether these processes differ across teaching sites. Both clinical and non
      clinical teachers of medical undergraduates from one inner city medical school
      were recruited for the study. Through semi-structured interviews and a 'concept
      map', participants were asked to identify the people and tasks which they
      considered central to helping them become more expert as educators. RESULTS:
      Results identified non-formal learning across a number of key dimensions,
      including personal development, task and role performance, and optimising
      clinical teaching. This learning takes place as an outcome of experience,
      observation, reflection and student feedback. CONCLUSION: Non-formal learning is
      a significant aspect of the development of novice teachers and as such it needs
      to be placed more firmly upon the agenda of faculty development.

PMID- 19995164
TI  - Peer coaching as an approach to faculty development.

PMID- 19995165
TI  - Personality testing in the context of selecting health professionals.

PMID- 19995166
TI  - The challenge of reform: 10 years of curricula change in Italian medical schools.
AB  - Italy has a long history of versatility in medical training in which the tension
      between 'knowing' and 'doing' is a recurrent theme dating from the origins of the
      first European medical faculties in Bologna in the eleventh century. Italian
      medical schools are currently undergoing widespread reforms building on two
      decades of concerted efforts by medical educators to move from traditional
      teacher and subject-centred degree programmes to integrated student-centred
      curricula. European higher education policies have helped drive this process. A
      challenge in these developments is that the adoption of integrated and outcomes
      based curricula in medicine requires a discursive shift in teaching practices.
      While investment in teacher training is essential, it is also important for
      educational leaders in medicine to communicate a compelling vision of the type of
      health professional medical schools are aiming to produce. Systematic educational
      research should accompany this transition to evaluate the process and gauge
      sustainability. Investigation should also examine how external influences and
      pressures are calibrated and adapted to the national context and epistemology.
      The adoption of a common international vocabulary to describe educational
      processes means Italy will be able to participate more fully in the European
      medical education debate in future.

PMID- 19995167
TI  - Twelve tips for presenting a clinical problem solving exercise.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lectures are moderately effective for teaching medical knowledge but
      generally fail at promoting clinical reasoning. In a clinical problem solving
      (CPS) conference, a clinician is presented an unknown medical case in a stepwise
      fashion. These popular conferences highlight clinical reasoning and foster active
      learning to a greater degree than lecture-based education. AIM: In the absence of
      literature which addresses the organization of these conferences, we present a
      guide for the teacher (case presenter) to maximize the session's educational
      value. METHODS: Practical issues for case selection, preparation, and
      presentation are addressed. The predominant theme is to retain an emphasis on
      real-time reasoning and to minimize the artificial nature of solving an unknown
      case from presented material rather than a live patient. CONCLUSIONS: The
      successful execution of the CPS engages both the audience and the discussant in
      real-time problem solving and relies upon the tenants of experiential learning
      and clinical reasoning rather than the traditional structure of the medical case
      presentation.

PMID- 19995168
TI  - The Colleague Development Program: a multidisciplinary program of peer
      observation partnerships.
AB  - BACKGROUND: As an introduction to peer observation of teaching, a multi
      disciplinary program of peer observation partnerships was implemented across
      Faculty of Health Sciences. The 'Colleague Development Program' focussed on
      formative feedback and on promoting collegiality within and across traditional
      discipline boundaries. AIMS: To describe the development, implementation, and
      evaluation of the Colleague Development Program. METHODS: Participants asked a
      trusted colleague to observe their teaching. Feedback on good practice and
      suggestions for improvement were sought. Colleague observations were guided by
      specific learning objectives articulated by participants. Following the teaching
      observation/s, the colleague observer and the participant discussed the extent to
      which the participant's learning objectives had been achieved. A written summary
      of mutually agreed outcomes was prepared. Program evaluation included anonymous
      participant questionnaire and focus group discussions. RESULTS: Forty-two staff
      enrolled in the program with 23 completing all elements and participating in the
      evaluation. Participants reported increased confidence in teaching, confirmation
      of good practice, exposure to new ideas, and a greater sense of institutional
      support and collegiality. CONCLUSIONS: Situating peer evaluation within a
      collegial partnership overcame participants' concerns about being the subject of
      'evaluation' and 'criticism' by emphasising existing collegiality and trust
      amongst peers.

PMID- 19995169
TI  - A comprehensive model for the selection of medical students.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Medical schools have a need to select their students from an excess
      of applicants. Selection procedures have evolved piecemeal: Academic thresholds
      have risen, written tests have been incorporated and interview protocols are
      developed. AIM: To develop and offer for critical review and, ultimately, present
      for adoption by medical schools, an evidence-based and defensible model for
      medical student selection. METHODS: We have described here a comprehensive model
      for selecting medical students which is grounded on the theoretical and empirical
      selection and assessment literature, and has been shaped by our own research and
      experience. RESULTS: The model includes the following selection criteria:
      Informed self-selection, academic achievement, general cognitive ability (GCA)
      and aspects of personality and interpersonal skills. A psychometrically robust
      procedure by which cognitive and non-cognitive test scores can be used to make
      selection decisions is described. Using de-identified data (n = 1000) from actual
      selection procedures, we demonstrate how the model and the procedure can be used
      in practice. CONCLUSION: The model presented is based on a currently best
      practice approach and uses measures and methods that maximise the probability of
      making accurate, fair and defensible selection decisions.

PMID- 19995170
TI  - Using the 360 degrees multisource feedback model to evaluate teaching and
      professionalism.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Student ratings have dominated as the primary and, frequently, only
      measure of teaching performance at colleges and universities for the past 50
      years. Recently, there has been a trend toward augmenting those ratings with
      other data sources to broaden and deepen the evidence base. The 360 degrees
      multisource feedback (MSF) model used in management and industry for half a
      century and in clinical medicine for the last decade seemed like a best fit to
      evaluate teaching performance and professionalism. AIM: To adapt the 360 degrees
      MSF model to the assessment of teaching performance and professionalism of
      medical school faculty. METHODS: The salient characteristics of the MSF models in
      industry and medicine were extracted from the literature. These characteristics
      along with 14 sources of evidence from eight possible raters, including students,
      self, peers, outside experts, mentors, alumni, employers, and administrators,
      based on the research in higher education were adapted to formative and summative
      decisions. RESULTS: Three 360 degrees MSF models were generated for three
      different decisions: (1) formative decisions and feedback about teaching
      improvement; (2) summative decisions and feedback for merit pay and contract
      renewal; and (3) formative decisions and feedback about professional behaviors in
      the academic setting. The characteristics of each model were listed. Finally, a
      top-10 list of the most persistent and, perhaps, intractable psychometric issues
      in executing these models was suggested to guide future research. CONCLUSIONS:
      The 360 degrees MSF model appears to be a useful framework for implementing a
      multisource evaluation of faculty teaching performance and professionalism in
      medical schools. This model can provide more accurate, reliable, fair, and
      equitable decisions than the one based on just a single source.

PMID- 19995171
TI  - Aligning clinical resources to curriculum needs: the utility of a group of
      teaching hospitals.
AB  - This article describes a study in two acute NHS Trusts of the availability and
      curriculum relevance of inpatients for undergraduate medical student learning.
      The study was conducted to assist a new medical school plan on how best to
      utilise the clinical learning resources of adjacent hospitals, at a time when
      basic medical education is expanding, large academic hospitals are becoming more
      specialised and medical care provision is shifting to smaller hospital and
      ambulatory settings. We found that all three hospitals showed similar
      proportions, mean ages and gender ratios of available patients, and provided a
      wide range of clinical learning opportunities. The larger academic hospital
      appeared to offer a narrower, more specialised, range of patient problems that
      were necessary to meet curriculum objectives, while the smaller hospitals
      provided a broader range of common problems. Opportunities to participate in
      clinical skills were limited in all three hospitals. None of the hospitals
      appeared to provide sufficient clinical material to meet all curriculum learning
      objectives. As acute health care delivery models change, medical schools may have
      to be quite deliberate in their utilisation of academic hospitals, community
      hospitals and primary care, matching student allocations carefully to sources of
      relevant learning opportunities.

PMID- 19995172
TI  - Influences on specialty choice for students entering person-oriented and
      technique-oriented specialties.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Given changing trends in specialty choices among medical students
      coupled with continued challenges associated with medical specialty decision
      making, it is important for medical educators to understand how students make
      decisions about their medical career. Medical educators should be aware of how
      medical school-based experiences and interactions such as faculty, courses, and
      services impact students' specialty choices and decisions. AIM: The study
      determined if differences in influences on specialty decision-making exist for
      students entering person-oriented specialties versus technique-oriented
      specialties. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-six fourth-year medical students
      completed a questionnaire about how the faculty, curriculum, student services,
      mentoring and professional development programs, lifestyle considerations,
      family/friends, and other factors influenced their choice of specialty. RESULTS:
      Chi-square analyses indicated that students pursuing person-oriented specialties
      compared to technique-oriented specialties were moderately more likely to be
      influenced by their personal physician, by school faculty, and by medical school
      activities; slightly more likely to be influenced by medical school offices and
      services; and slightly less likely to be influenced by income expectations.
      CONCLUSIONS: Students interested in person-oriented specialties versus technique
      oriented specialties indicate differences in what influences their specialty
      choice. This study may be helpful to medical educators and advisors who work with
      students on specialty decision-making.

PMID- 19995173
TI  - Evaluation of teaching -- paper versus electronic methods.

PMID- 19995174
TI  - eMedical Teacher: internal simulation, internal interactivity.

PMID- 19995177
TI  - Changes in binocular alignment after surgery for concomitant and pattern
      intermittent exotropia.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Although early post-surgical over-correction for intermittent
      exotropia is widely advised, post-operative drift has not been well quantified in
      concomitant intermittent exotropia, and has not been described specifically with
      A and V patterns. While such patterns have been proposed to result from abnormal
      locations of the rectus muscle pulleys, others have suggested that A and V
      patterns may result from the disruption of fusion arising from exotropia itself.
      METHODS: We prospectively performed Hess screen analysis in 20 exotropic patients
      (mean age 42 +/- 16 yrs) before and two to six times after strabismus surgery,
      with a post-operative follow-up of 2-108 weeks. Primary surgery cases included
      medial rectus resection (2) and lateral rectus recession (10), combined
      resection/recession (6), and superior oblique tenectomy (2). Alignment trends in
      primary and secondary gazes were analyzed for concomitant, pattern, and re
      operated subgroups. Results were also analyzed by type of surgery performed.
      RESULTS: Mean pre-operative central gaze exotropia was 8.6 +/- 7.1 degrees .
      Twelve cases were concomitant, while 8 exhibited A or V patterns. Twelve cases
      were re-operations. In initial surgery for concomitant exotropia, there was a
      well-defined exotropic drift approaching 5 degrees by 30 weeks post-operatively
      (linear regression, r = 0.43, p = 0.01). There was similar exo drift in re
      operations. However, in pattern exotropia, post-operative drift was more
      variable, with mean esotropic drift of approximately 5 degrees (r = 0.18, p =
      0.43). For all patients, final post-operative central gaze exotropia was 1.9 +/-
      5.8 degrees , with significant pattern collapse (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: Post
      operative exo-shift of about 5 degrees occurs in initial and re-operated
      concomitant exotropia. However, in A and V patterns, there is no definitive
      direction of post-operative drift, suggesting that pattern strabismus may be more
      likely due to mechanical factors in the orbit than to neural factors associated
      with fusion disruption. CONCLUSIONS: Alignment following strabismus surgery
      differs in concomitant vs. pattern exotropia. Initial over-correction of about 5
      degrees is advisable for concomitant exotropia, but should be avoided in A and V
      patterns.

PMID- 19995178
TI  - Application of traceability concepts to analytical quality control may reconcile
      total error with uncertainty of measurement.

PMID- 19995179
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV): useful or hype?

PMID- 19995180
TI  - Diagnostic performance of rapid influenza antigen assays in patients infected
      with the new influenza A (H1N1) virus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The new swine influenza (H1N1) requires fast and accurate diagnosis.
      Currently, there are few reports about the diagnostic performance of influenza
      antigen tests with regard to the H1N1 virus infection. We evaluated the
      reactivity of eight commercially available rapid antigen tests in samples from
      confirmed infected patients. METHODS: From 23 patients tested positive by
      polymerase chain reaction (PCR), parallel testing with the antigen tests QuickVue
      Influenza A+B (Quidel Corporation), Binax NOW Flu A and B (Binax), Clearview
      Exact Influenza A and B (Inverness medical), TRUFLU (Meridian Bioscience),
      Directigen EZ Flu A+B (Becton Dickinson), Influenza A and B (Diagnostik Nord),
      Xpect Flu A and B (remel) and Influenza Antigen Quick (Generic Assays) was
      performed. RESULTS: Only few antigen tests showed positive reactivity in six of
      the 23 samples. The virus load of the reactive samples as indicated by the PCR
      cycle threshold was high. Negative results of rapid influenza tests do not rule
      out infection with the new influenza A (H1N1) virus. Their analytical sensitivity
      with reference to the virus load is low and not reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: As
      reliable laboratory results during a pandemic are essential, the diagnostic use
      of rapid influenza tests seems to be questionable.

PMID- 19995181
TI  - Impact of rotavirus vaccination: the importance of monitoring strains.

PMID- 19995182
TI  - Candida albicans biofilm formation and its clinical consequences.

PMID- 19995184
TI  - Antibiotics: derivative drugs, novel compounds and the need for effective
      resistance strategies.
AB  - The 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
      (ICAAC), traditionally one of the scientific highlights of the anti-infective
      professional year, was held in San Francisco in early September 2009. This
      comprehensive conference covered all important aspects of infectious diseases and
      anti-infective therapy. Of particular note, the release of information at ICAAC
      regarding the research and development of new antibacterial agents is highly
      anticipated by industry as well as the scientific and medical communities. As in
      the past, new compounds were revealed for the first time at the ICAAC and poster
      sessions were well attended, providing opportunities for animated discussions.
      This year's presentations and poster sessions reflected the challenging anti
      infective drug development situation, yet they also provided deep insights and
      increased clarity regarding trends and future availability of new antibiotics.
      This report focuses on ICAAC presentations of new antibacterial drugs in research
      and development and future trends.

PMID- 19995185
TI  - Progress in the functional analysis of rickettsial genes through directed
      mutagenesis of Rickettsia prowazekii phospholipase D.

PMID- 19995186
TI  - The role of furin in papillomavirus infection.
AB  - Papillomaviruses represent a medically important virus family. Infection with a
      high-risk human papillomavirus type is a prerequisite for cervical carcinoma
      development. Infection by low-risk types may result in the generation of benign
      skin warts. It was recently found that infectious entry of these viruses is
      dependent upon a specific proteolytic event that occurs prior to viral
      endocytosis. Specifically, a proprotein convertase, furin or proprotein
      convertase 5/6, must cleave the minor capsid protein for infection to proceed.
      Here, an overview of what is currently known about this process is presented, and
      what we have learned about the papillomavirus lifecycle from these studies
      discussed. This work also has implications for further advances in papillomavirus
      vaccine development.

PMID- 19995187
TI  - The Ras/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and virulence in Candida albicans.
AB  - Candidiasis is the most common cause of fungal infections, and the majority of
      these are caused by Candida albicans. The protean pathogenic potential of C.
      albicans includes the capacity to infect diverse mucosal and epidermal surfaces
      as well as to disseminate via the bloodstream to internal organs, potentially
      causing system failure in cases of severe immunosuppression. Many environmental
      niches in the host may be invaded by C. albicans through modulation of gene
      expression patterns while changing morphology between yeast and hyphal growth
      forms. The Ras/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway has attracted particular attention for
      its role in promoting hyphal growth and because of its importance in virulence.
      Here, we present an overview of the components of the pathway and their
      functions, how the pathway may be activated in human hosts and recent updates
      regarding the role of Ras/cAMP/PKA signaling in virulence.

PMID- 19995188
TI  - Diagnostic challenges of sexually transmitted infections in resource-limited
      settings.
AB  - The global burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is highest in the
      developing world where access to laboratory services is limited. Sophisticated
      laboratory diagnostic tests using noninvasive specimens have enabled developed
      countries to screen and diagnose curable STIs in a variety of settings, but
      control programs in resource-limited settings continue to struggle to find simple
      rapid tests that can provide adequate performance in the absence of laboratory
      services. While recent technological advances and investments in research and
      development may soon yield improved STI tests that can make an impact, these
      tests will need to be deployed within a health system that includes: regulatory
      oversight, quality assurance, good supply-chain management, effective training,
      information systems and a sound surveillance system to monitor disease trends,
      inform policy decisions and assess the impact of interventions.

PMID- 19995189
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma: prevalence and molecular pathogenesis of Helicobacter
      spp.
AB  - Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial
      infections in humans. The association of other Helicobacter spp. with
      extragastric diseases in animals is well established, and a role of these
      bacteria in human liver disease is becoming clearer. Several case-control studies
      have reported possible associations of Helicobacter spp. with various liver
      diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the fifth most common type
      of carcinoma among men worldwide, and the eighth most common among women. Thus,
      it is important to understand molecular mechanisms that may lead to
      hepatotoxicity or hepatocellular dysfunction in which Helicobacter spp. may play
      a role in inducing malignant transformation of liver cells.

PMID- 19995190
TI  - Rotavirus disease and vaccination: impact on genotype diversity.
AB  - Temporal and spatial fluctuations in the genotype distribution of human
      rotaviruses are continuously observed in surveillance studies. New genotypes,
      such as G9 and G12, have emerged and spread worldwide in a very short time span.
      In addition, reassortment events have the potential to contribute substantially
      to genetic diversity among human and animal rotaviruses. With the recent
      introduction of the two rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq and Rotarix, in many
      countries, it appears that the total number of hospitalizations due to rotavirus
      infections is being reduced, at least in developed countries that implemented a
      universal immunization program. However, continued surveillance is warranted,
      especially regarding the long-term effects of the vaccines. No data analyses are
      available to clarify whether rotavirus vaccine introduction would allow other
      rotavirus P and G genotypes, which are not covered by the current vaccines, to
      emerge into the human population and fill the apparent gap. This kind of data
      analysis is essential, but its interpretation is hampered by natural and cyclical
      genotype fluctuations.

PMID- 19995191
TI  - Adjusting to a new home: Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expression in response
      to an intracellular lifestyle.
AB  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the most significant single species of
      bacteria causing disease in mankind. The ability of M. tuberculosis to survive
      and replicate within host macrophages is a pivotal step in its pathogenesis.
      Understanding the microenvironments that M. tuberculosis encounters within the
      macrophage and the adaptations that the bacterium undergoes to facilitate its
      survival will lead to insights into possible therapeutic targets for improved
      treatment of tuberculosis. This is urgently needed with the emergence of multi-
      and extensively drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Significant advances
      have been made in understanding the macrophage response on encountering M.
      tuberculosis. Complementary information is also accumulating regarding the
      counter responses of M. tuberculosis during the various stages of its
      interactions with the host. As such, a picture is emerging delineating the gene
      expression of intracellular M. tuberculosis at different stages of the
      interaction with macrophages.

PMID- 19995192
TI  - Structural and functional role of Staphylococcus aureus surface components
      recognizing adhesive matrix molecules of the host.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile and harmful human pathogen in both hospital-
      and community-acquired infections. S. aureus can initiate host infection by
      adhering to components of the extracellular matrix. Adherence is mediated by a
      variety of protein adhesins of the microbial surface component recognizing
      adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) family. In this article, we describe these
      MSCRAMMs in terms of structural organization and ligand-binding capacity and
      discuss their role as a possible target for immunotherapy.

PMID- 19995193
TI  - Cellular interactions of farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule produced by Candida
      albicans.
AB  - Farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule produced by Candida albicans that has many
      effects, including filament inhibition of this polymorphic fungus. In the past 9
      years, the effect of farnesol on C. albicans has been reported in nearly 160
      publications, with early work examining its influence on morphology. This article
      presents an update on the literature published since 2006, focusing on points
      that still need to be resolved as well as identifying possible artifacts that
      might interfere with this goal. In addition, the regulation of C. albicans
      farnesol production, C. albicans' resistance/sensitivity to farnesol and the
      influence of farnesol on other species as well as the host are discussed. It is
      intriguing that we still do not know precisely how farnesol works, but
      interference with the Ras1-cAMP pathway is part of the story.

PMID- 19995194
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii infection and cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients.
AB  - Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV
      infected patients, particularly from developing countries. This article
      summarizes current literature on cerebral toxoplasmosis. It focuses on:
      Toxoplasma gondii genetic diversity and its possible relationship with disease
      presentation; host responses to the parasite antigens; host immunosupression in
      HIV and cerebral toxoplasmosis as well as different diagnostic methods; clinical
      and radiological features; treatment; and the direction that studies on cerebral
      toxoplasmosis will likely take in the future.

PMID- 19995196
TI  - Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2009.

PMID- 19995197
TI  - Methodology of the Singapore Indian Chinese Cohort (SICC) eye study: quantifying
      ethnic variations in the epidemiology of eye diseases in Asians.
AB  - PURPOSE: Current knowledge of ethnic variability in the epidemiology of major eye
      diseases in Asia is limited. This report summarizes the rationale and study
      design of the Singapore Indian Chinese Cohort (SICC) Eye Study, a population
      based study of ethnic South Asian (Indians) and East Asian (Chinese) older adults
      in Singapore. METHODS: The SICC examined a population-based cross-sectional
      sample of 3,300 ethnic Indians and 3,300 ethnic Chinese aged 40-80+ years
      residing in the South-Western part of Singapore. RESULTS: From two lists of
      12,000 names of each ethnic group provided by the Ministry of Home Affairs, age
      stratified random sampling was used to select 6,350 names in each group, with a
      target sample size of 3,300. Invitations were sent to attend a central clinic
      using letters, telephone calls and home visits. Examination procedures included
      interviews, measurement of blood pressure, anthropometry, presenting and best
      corrected visual acuity, subjective refraction, ocular biometry, Goldmann
      applanation tonometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, optic disc imaging and digital
      photography of the lens and retina, using a standardized protocol. Selected
      participants underwent gonioscopic examination, visual field testing, and
      anterior and posterior segment optical coherence tomography. Blood, tear, and
      urine samples were collected for biochemical analyses, and stored for genetic and
      proteomic studies. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with the Singapore Malay Eye
      Study, the SICC study will permit an in-depth evaluation of the prevalence, risk
      factors, and impact of major eye diseases in Chinese, Indians and Malays, three
      distinct Asian ethnic groups, whose combined numbers represent half the world's
      population.

PMID- 19995198
TI  - Risk factors for neonatal conjunctivitis in babies of HIV-1 infected mothers.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and correlates of neonatal conjunctivitis in
      infants born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected mothers.
      METHODS: This was a nested case-control study within a perinatal HIV-1 cohort.
      HIV-1 seropositive mothers were enrolled during pregnancy and mother-infant pairs
      followed after delivery with assessment for neonatal conjunctivitis at 48 hours
      and up to 4 weeks after birth. Genital infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea,
      syphilis, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, and candida) were screened for at 32
      weeks gestation. Mothers received treatment for genital infections diagnosed
      during pregnancy and short-course zidovudine. Newborns did not receive ocular
      prophylaxis at hospital deliveries. Multivariate logistic regression models were
      used to determine cofactors for neonatal conjunctivitis overall and stratified
      for infant HIV-1 status. RESULTS: Four hundred and fifty-two infants were
      assessed and 101 (22.3%) had neonatal conjunctivitis during the first month
      postpartum. In multivariate analyses using odds ratios (OR) and confidence
      intervals (CI), neonatal conjunctivitis was associated with neonatal sepsis
      (adjusted OR 21.95, 95% CI 1.76, 274.61), birth before arrival to hospital
      (adjusted OR 13.91, 95% CI 1.39, 138.78) and birth weight (median 3.4 versus 3.3
      kilograms, p=0.016, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01, 3.15). Infant HIV-1 infection was not
      associated with conjunctivitis. CONCLUSIONS: Despite detection and treatment of
      genital infections during pregnancy, neonatal conjunctivitis was frequently
      diagnosed in infants born to HIV-1 infected mothers suggesting a need for
      increased vigilance and prophylaxis for conjunctivitis in these infants. Neonatal
      sepsis, birth before arrival to hospital, and higher birthweight are factors that
      may predict higher risk of neonatal conjunctivitis in this population.

PMID- 19995199
TI  - Multiple sensory impairment and quality of life.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the independent impact of vision, hearing, and olfactory
      impairment on quality of life. METHODS: Subjects (n = 1854, mean age = 67 years)
      were participants in the 1998-2000 and 2003-05 examinations of the Epidemiology
      of Hearing Loss Study and Beaver Dam Eye Study, population-based, prospective
      studies set in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Sensory capacities were measured in 1998
      2000 and quality of life was measured in 2003-05. Vision impairment was assessed
      using current binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Hearing
      impairment was defined by the pure tone threshold average and word recognition
      scores in competing message and olfaction was measured with the San Diego Odor
      Identification Test. The Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess
      quality of life. RESULTS: Significant independent effects of vision impairment
      and hearing impairment on the SF-36 social functioning domain score were observed
      (P < 0.01). The adjusted mean social functioning score for participants with
      vision and hearing impairment was 5.9 units lower than the mean score in
      participants with no vision and hearing impairment. A significant independent
      effect of vision impairment was also observed for the physical functioning and
      mental health domains (P < 0.01). Olfaction impairment was not significantly
      associated with the SF-36 indices. CONCLUSIONS: Impairments in vision and hearing
      demonstrated independent effects on quality of life. The impact was observed for
      physical and emotional health (vision) and social functioning (vision and
      hearing). Evaluation and rehabilitation of sensory deficits may contribute to an
      improvement in functioning and well-being in the later years of life.

PMID- 19995200
TI  - Geographical distribution of eye health professionals and cataract surgery in Lao
      People's Democratic Republic.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the geographical distribution of eye health professionals and
      cataract surgery procedures in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) over the
      last decade. METHODS: The number of ophthalmologists (defined as physicians who
      have completed full education and training in ophthalmology), eye doctors
      (defined as physicians who have completed education and training in only cataract
      surgery), ophthalmic nurses, and cataract surgery procedures across 16 provinces
      and Vientiane municipal for the middle/late 1990s, the year 2000, and the most
      recent year (2005-2006) were obtained from the registration system of eye health
      professionals and the track record in cataract surgeries in the Ophthalmology
      Center, Ministry of Health. The number of cataract surgeons (total number of
      ophthalmologists and eye doctors) per million population, the number of
      ophthalmic nurses per million population, and the cataract surgical rate were
      calculated for various geographical units using available population data from
      the census in 1995, 2000, and 2005. The Gini coefficients, measures of inequality
      that range from 0 (total equality) to 1 (total inequality), were computed at
      three time points. RESULTS: The number of ophthalmologists, ophthalmic nurses,
      and cataract surgery procedures increased in this country as a whole, although
      the number of eye doctors did not change after 2000. The Gini coefficients for
      them also improved (Cataract surgeons: 0.792, 0.415, and 0.361; Ophthalmic
      nurses: 0.448, 0.354, and 0.259 and; Cataract surgery: 0.366, 0.309, and 0.248 in
      the 1990s, 2000, and 2005-6, respectively). CONCLUSION: Imbalances in the
      geographical distribution of eye health professionals and cataract surgery
      decreased over the last decade.

PMID- 19995201
TI  - Blindness and low vision in The Netherlands from 2000 to 2020-modeling as a tool
      for focused intervention.
AB  - PURPOSE: To estimate the magnitude and causes of blindness and low vision in The
      Netherlands from 2000 to 2020. METHODS: Recent population-based blindness surveys
      in established market economies were reviewed. Age and gender specific prevalence
      and causes of blindness and low vision were extracted and calculated for six
      population subgroups in The Netherlands. A mathematical model was developed to
      relate the epidemiologic data with demographic data for each subgroup for each
      year between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS: In 2008 an estimated 311,000 people are
      visually impaired in The Netherlands: 77,000 are blind and 234,000 have low
      vision. With the current intervention the number may increase by 18% to 367,000
      in 2020. Visual impairment is most prevalent among residents of nursing homes and
      care institutions for the elderly, intellectually disabled persons and people
      aged 50+ living independently. Of all people with visual impairment 31% is male
      (97,000) and 69% female (214,000). More than half of all visual impairment (56%;
      174,000 persons) is avoidable. A variation of around 20% might be applied to the
      numbers in these estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The aim of VISION 2020: The Right to
      Sight to reduce avoidable visual impairment is also relevant for developed
      countries like The Netherlands. Vision screening and awareness campaigns focusing
      on the identified risk groups can reduce avoidable blindness considerably.
      Regular updates of the model will ensure that the prognoses remain valid and
      relevant. With appropriate demographic data, the model can also be used in other
      established market economies.

PMID- 19995202
TI  - A survey of visual impairment and blindness in children attending seven schools
      for the blind in Myanmar.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the causes of visual impairment and blindness amongst
      children in schools for the blind in Myanmar; to identify the avoidable causes of
      visual impairment and blindness; and to provide spectacles, low vision aids,
      orientation and mobility training and ophthalmic treatment where indicated.
      METHODS: Two hundred and eight children under 16 years of age from all 7 schools
      for the blind in Myanmar were examined and the data entered into the World Health
      Organization Prevention of Blindness Examination Record for Childhood Blindness
      (WHO/PBL ERCB). RESULTS: One hundred and ninety nine children (95.7%) were blind
      (BL = Visual Acuity [VA] < 3/60 in the better eye) and 3 had severe visual
      impairment (SVI = VA < 6/60 to 3/60 in the better eye). Most children had corneal
      abnormalities as the major anatomical site of SVI/BL (100, 49.5%), however the
      cause of SVI/BL was unknown in the majority (88, 43.6%). Measles keratitis was
      the commonest identifiable cause (17.4%) and 88 children had avoidable causes of
      SVI/BL (43.6%). Nearly 16% of children required an optical device and 24.2%
      required medical attention, with a potential for visual improvement through
      intervention in 15.8%. CONCLUSION: Nearly half of the children in schools for the
      blind in Myanmar had potentially avoidable causes of SVI/BL. With measles being
      both the commonest identifiable and commonest avoidable cause, the data supports
      the need for a measles immunization campaign. There is also a need for a
      dedicated pediatric eye care center with regular ophthalmology visits to the
      schools, and improved optometric, low vision and orientation and mobility
      services in Myanmar.

PMID- 19995203
TI  - Screening for refractive error and fitting with spectacles in rural and urban
      India: cost-effectiveness.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost-effectiveness of screening for refractive error
      and fitting with glasses in India. METHODS: We populated a decision tree with the
      costs of screening and spectacles, prevalence of varying levels of presenting and
      best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from two studies, and sensitivity and
      specificity of screening. We calculated dollars spent per disability adjusted
      life year (DALY) averted separately in urban and rural areas for school-based
      screening (SBS) and primary eye care (PEC) programs that fit spectacles to
      individuals presenting for care. We conducted a series of univariate and
      probabilistic sensitivity analyses. An intervention was inferred to be highly
      cost-effective if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was less than
      the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and moderately cost-effective if the
      ICER was less than three times this level. RESULTS: Compared with no screening,
      urban SBS was highly cost-effective; rural SBS was moderately cost-effective for
      ages 5-15 and highly cost-effective for ages 7-15. Both urban and rural PEC were
      moderately cost-effective in comparison to SBS. Probabilistic sensitivity
      analysis suggested that SBS is likely the most cost-effective solution for
      refractive error in India if the 5-15 year old age group is targeted; primary eye
      care is the best choice if a high value is placed on DALYs and the 7-15 year old
      age group is targeted. CONCLUSION: Both SBS and PEC Interventions for refractive
      error can be considered cost-effective in India. Which is the more cost-effective
      depends on the choice of targeted age group and area of the intervention.

PMID- 19995204
TI  - Refractive error among the elderly in rural Southern Harbin, China.
AB  - PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of refractive errors
      among the elderly in a rural area of Southern Harbin, China. METHODS: Five
      thousand and fifty seven subjects (age > or = 50 years) were enumerated for a
      population-based study. All participants underwent complete ophthalmic
      evaluation. Refraction was performed by ophthalmic personnel trained in the study
      procedures. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent worse than -0.50 diopters
      (D) and hyperopia as spherical equivalent worse than +0.50 D. Astigmatism was
      defined as a cylindrical error worse than 0.75D. Association of refractive errors
      with age, sex, and education were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 5,057 responders
      (91.0%), 4,979 were eligible. The mean age was 60.5 (range 50-96) years old. The
      prevalence of myopia was 9.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5-10.1) and of
      hyperopia was 8.9% (95% CI, 7.9-9.5). Astigmatism was evident in 7.6% of the
      subjects. Myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism increased with increasing age
      (p<0.001, respectively). Myopia and astigmatism were more common in males,
      whereas hyperopia was more common in females. We also found that prevalence of
      refractive error weas associated with education. Myopia was more common in those
      with higher degrees of education, whereas hyperopia and astigmatism were more
      common in those with no formal education. CONCLUSIONS: This report has provided
      details of the refractive status in a rural population of Harbin. The prevalence
      of refractive errors in this population is lower than those reported in other
      regions of the world.

PMID- 19995205
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and senile cataract in a
      Sardinian male population, Italy.
AB  - PURPOSE: There is still no general agreement on the role of G6PD deficiency in
      the pathogenesis of cataract. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      prevalence of G6PD deficiency in men with senile cataract from Northern Sardinia,
      Italy, and to compare it with the prevalence rate of G6PD deficiency in the
      general population of the same area. METHODS: G6PD activity was determined by
      using a quantitative method. G6PD blood levels were measured in 1,620 men with
      cataract. The control group consisted of 1,646 apparently healthy male subjects
      from the same area. All patients were of Sardinian origin. The Z or Student's t
      test was used, when appropriate, to determine differences between groups. The
      odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval was used to evaluate the association
      between age-related cataract and G6PD deficiency. RESULTS: G6PD deficiency was
      found in 133 (8.2%) out of 1,620 patients with cataract and in 120 (7%) out of
      1,646 control subjects. Differences in G6PD prevalence between cataract patients
      and controls were not statistically significant (P=0.64). There was no age
      related statistical difference between G6PD deficient and normal patients with
      cataract. No statistically significant association between age-related cataract
      and G6PD deficiency was found (OR=1.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.88-1.47).
      CONCLUSIONS: The results of this large study suggest that male patients with G6PD
      deficiency in the Sardinian population do not have a higher risk of developing
      presenile cataract. G6PD deficiency does not represent a pathogenetic factor for
      early cataract formation, at least not in the Northern part of Sardinia.

PMID- 19995207
TI  - Dysprosody and stimulus effects in Cantonese speakers with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dysprosody is a common feature in speakers with hypokinetic
      dysarthria. However, speech prosody varies across different types of speech
      materials. This raises the question of what is the most appropriate speech
      material for the evaluation of dysprosody. AIMS: To characterize the prosodic
      impairment in Cantonese speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria associated with
      Parkinson's disease, and to determine the effect of different types of speech
      stimuli on the perceptual rating of prosody. METHODS & PROCEDURES: Speech data in
      the form of sentence reading, passage reading, and monologue were collected from
      ten Cantonese speakers with Parkinson's disease. Perceptual analysis was
      conducted on ten prosodic parameters to evaluate five dimensions of prosody,
      based on a theoretical framework: pitch, loudness, duration, voice quality, and
      degree of reduction. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: The results showed that the most
      severely affected prosodic parameters were monopitch, harsh voice, and
      monoloudness, followed by breathy voice and prolonged interval. Differences were
      noted between speakers with mild and moderate dysprosody. No statistically
      significant differences were found between the three types of stimuli. However,
      qualitative analysis revealed noticeable differences between the three stimuli in
      two speakers. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: The prosodic profile of Cantonese
      speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria is similar to those of other languages (for
      example, English). The involvement of two new dimensions in the definition of
      prosody (voice quality and degree of reduction) provides additional insight in
      differentiating patients with mild and moderate dysarthria. Further investigation
      on the use of speech materials in the clinical evaluation of speech prosody in
      speakers with dysarthria is needed, as no single task was found to represent a
      patient's performance under all circumstances.

PMID- 19995208
TI  - Pragmatic communication deficits in children with epilepsy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Various psychiatric and neurological disorders including epilepsy
      have been associated with language deficits. Pragmatic language deficits,
      however, have seldom been the focus of earlier studies in children with epilepsy.
      Moreover, it is unknown whether these pragmatic deficits are related to general
      intellectual functioning. Both issues will be addressed in this study. AIMS: 1)
      Explore pragmatic language deficits in children with epilepsy while controlling
      for having a neurological illness and having to visit a tertiary paediatric
      hospital regularly, and 2) Determine whether pragmatic difficulties, if present,
      are discrete or associated with general intellectual functioning. METHODS &
      PROCEDURES: The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC), a pragmatic language
      questionnaire, created by D. V. M. Bishop in 1998, was filled out by parents of
      30 children with epilepsy (mean age = 10 years), 30 age-matched children with
      various neurological disorders other than epilepsy, and 30 age-matched typically
      developing controls. The full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was individually
      measured to estimate the children's level of overall intelligence. The clinical
      groups were assessed in a tertiary paediatric hospital. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: The
      pragmatic composite score distinguished between the two neurologically impaired
      groups, even after controlling for FSIQ. Of children with epilepsy, 23% had
      pragmatic deficits, whereas only 3% of the children with various other
      neurological disorders and none of the typically developing children had these
      deficits. When compared scale by scale with typically developing children,
      children in both clinical groups showed more structural language problems and
      problems of language use, but these differences disappeared when FSIQ was
      controlled for. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Pragmatic deficits in communication
      are present in children treated for various neurological impairments, but more so
      in children whose seizures necessitate referral to a tertiary hospital.
      Clinicians should be sensitive to and inquire after pragmatic aspects of
      communication. Additional research is needed to elucidate mechanisms underlying
      these deficits.

PMID- 19995206
TI  - Prevalence and vision-related outcomes of cataract surgery in Gujarat, India.
AB  - PURPOSE: Investigate the prevalence and vision-related outcomes of cataract
      surgery in an area of high cataract surgical rate. METHODS: Cluster sampling was
      used in randomly selecting individuals > or = 50 years of age in 2007.
      Participants were queried regarding year and place of previous cataract surgery.
      Cataract surgical procedures and evidence of surgical complications were
      recorded. The principal cause was identified for eyes presenting with visual
      acuity (VA) < or = 20/40. RESULTS: A total of 4,738 persons were examined and 834
      (17.6%) had cataract surgery. Intra-ocular lenses (IOLs) were used in 84.1% of
      the 1,299 cataract-operated eyes, with more than half of these having manual
      small incision surgery. Surgical coverage among the cataract blind (visual acuity
      [VA] < 20/200) was estimated as 72.2%. Coverage was associated with older age,
      literacy, and urban residence; gender was not significant. Among cataract
      operated eyes, 18.7% presented with VA > or = 20/32 and 18.0% were < 20/200. With
      best-corrected acuity, the corresponding percentages were 55.7% and 11.0%.
      Presenting and best-corrected VA > or = 20/63 were associated with young age,
      literacy, and IOL surgery; urban residence and surgery in non-governmental
      organizations (NGO)/private facilities were also significant for presenting VA;
      and recent surgery was significant for best-corrected VA. Refractive error was
      the main cause of vision impairment/blindness in cataract-operated eyes.
      CONCLUSIONS: Refractive error and posterior capsule opacification, easily
      treatable causes of visual impairment, are common among the operated. A greater
      emphasis on the quality of visual acuity outcomes along with sustained efforts to
      provide access to affordable surgery is needed.

PMID- 19995209
TI  - Congenital intra-abdominal bilateral juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the testis
      associated with constitutional loss of material from chromosome 4.
AB  - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) is an uncommon gonadal stromal tumor that
      occurs rarely in the testis. We report a newborn boy with bilateral intra
      abdominal JGCT presenting with abdominal distention and respiratory distress at
      birth. He was taken to the operating room emergently, and 2 large masses
      connected by gubernacula to the inguinal canals were resected. Associated
      abnormalities included a constitutional chromosome 4 abnormality, polymicrogyria,
      and renal cysts. This report describes a rare presentation of JGCT with abdominal
      compression and expands the literature to include bilateral testicular
      involvement. Additionally, it is the 1st report of JGCT associated with a
      chromosome 4 abnormality, highlighting a genetic region that may be important in
      JGCT development.

PMID- 19995211
TI  - Verbal working memory and functional outcome in patients with unipolar major
      depressive disorder.
AB  - In this naturalistic cross-sectional study, the author tested the hypothesis that
      verbal working memory (WM) in major depressive disorder (MDD) would predict
      functional outcome. The subjects consisted of 54 clinic adult out-patients. The
      author found that, in the patients with current episode of MDD, functional
      outcome was significantly correlated with depressive scores, but not with Digit
      Sequencing Task scores. Meanwhile, in a sample of full remitted or partial
      remitted (mildly depressed) patients, functional outcome was significantly
      correlated with both Digit Sequencing Task scores and depressive scores.
      Moreover, in a sample of full remitted or partial remitted (mildly depressed)
      patients, the Digit Sequencing Task score significantly contributed to the
      prediction of the functional outcome, but the depressive score did not. The
      findings in this study suggested that enhancement of verbal WM function may be
      useful to achieve normalization of functioning as an important component of
      remission in addition to symptomatic remission.

PMID- 19995212
TI  - Case-control study of association between the functional candidate gene ERBB3 and
      schizophrenia in Caucasian population.
AB  - Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder with a complex genetic aetiology.
      Evidence shows that the oligodendrocyte and myelin-related genes including ERBB3
      are closely related to schizophrenia. Two recent studies (Kanazawa et al. (Am J
      Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007;144:113)) and Watanabe et al. (Neurosci Res
      2007;57:574) reported there was no association between ERBB3 and schizophrenia in
      Japanese population. We investigated the ERBB3 gene given the putative functional
      nature of the gene and population heterogeneity between Asian and Caucasian.
      Scottish case and control samples were sequenced with four SNPs (rs705708 at
      intron 15, rs2271189, rs773123, rs2271188 at exon 27). We detected rs773123,
      which is a nonsynonymous Ser/Cys polymorphism located seven bases downstream of
      rs2271189, with P=0.034. The subgroups of male patients and patients with age at
      onset <45 showed evidence of significant association with P values of 0.0046 and
      0.0055, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first association study
      between ERBB3 and schizophrenia in the Caucasian population. Further
      investigation with large sample size should be helpful to clarify the nature of
      the gene.

PMID- 19995213
TI  - Transcranial direct current stimulation in a patient with therapy-resistant major
      depression.
AB  - Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has
      been reported to exert significant antidepressant effects in patients with major
      depression. Several recent studies found an improvement of depressive symptoms in
      drug-free patients. Here we report the case of a 66-year-old female patient
      suffering from recurrent major depressive episodes who underwent anodal tDCS of
      the left dorsolateral PFC over 4 weeks as an add-on treatment to a stable
      antidepressant medication. Only a modest improvement of depressive symptoms was
      observed after tDCS, i.e. reduction of the baseline scores in the Hamilton
      Depression Rating Scale from 23 to 19 and in the Beck Depression Inventory from
      27 to 20. However, there was an increase from 52 to 90% in the Regensburg Verbal
      Fluency Test. In addition, EEG was used to assess the acute effects of tDCS. Low
      resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) showed a left unilateral
      focal effect (25-40% reduced power) in the delta, theta and alpha frequency
      bands. The same effect appeared in the surface analysis of the EEG. The absolute,
      as well as the relative power decreased significantly in the delta, theta and
      alpha bands after a comparison of the spectral analysis. Though tDCS over 4 weeks
      did not exert clinically meaningful antidepressant effects in this case of
      therapy-resistant depression, the findings for cognitive measures and EEG suggest
      that beneficial effects may occur in depressed subjects and future studies need
      to further explore this approach also in therapy-resistant major depression.

PMID- 19995214
TI  - Failure of rabies postexposure prophylaxis in patients presenting with unusual
      manifestations.
AB  - We report an atypical case of paralytic rabies presenting with trismus followed
      by limb weakness, areflexia, ophthalmoparesis, and bilateral ptosis. Atypical
      presentations and history of rabies postexposure prophylaxis led to delayed
      diagnosis. Nucleocapsid and glycoprotein genes of rabies viruses from the
      patient's and biting dog's brains were of identical sequences.

PMID- 19995215
TI  - Community-onset bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
      Escherichia coli: risk factors and prognosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is little clinical information about community-onset
      bloodstream infections (COBSIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)
      producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC). We investigated the prevalence and risk
      factors for COBSI due to ESBLEC, and described their clinical features and the
      impact of COBSI caused by ESBLEC on 14-day mortality. METHODS: Risk factors were
      assessed using a multicenter case-control-control study. Influence of ESBL
      production on mortality was studied in all patients with COBSI due to E. coli.
      Isolates and ESBLs were microbiologically characterized. Statistical analysis was
      performed using multivariate logistic regression. Thirteen tertiary care Spanish
      hospitals participated in the study. RESULTS: We included 95 case patients with
      COBSI due to ESBLEC, which accounted for 7.3% of all COBSI due to E. coli. The
      ESBL in 83 of these (87%) belonged to the CTX-M family of ESBL, and most were
      clonally unrelated. Comparison with both control groups disclosed association
      with health care (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.8),
      urinary catheter use (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5-6.5), and previous antimicrobial use
      (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-4.9) as independent risk factors for COBSI due to ESBLEC.
      Mortality among patients with COBSI due to ESBLEC was lower among patients who
      received empirical therapy with beta-lactam/beta-lactam inhibitor combinations or
      carbapenems (8%-12%) than among those receiving cephalosporins or
      fluoroquinolones (24% and 29%, respectively). Mortality among patients with COBSI
      due to E. coli was associated with inappropriate empirical therapy irrespective
      of ESBL production. CONCLUSIONS: ESBLEC is an important cause of COBSI due to E.
      coli. Clinicians should consider adequate empirical therapy with coverage of
      these pathogens for patients with risk factors.

PMID- 19995216
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin targets muscle tissues in a
      child with myositis and necrotizing fasciitis.
AB  - The incidence of myositis has been increasing since the advent of the epidemic of
      community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, and
      Panton-Valentine leukocidin has been implicated as a factor contributing to more
      severe muscle injury. We report a case of severe myositis accompanying septic
      osteomyelitis and necrotizing fasciitis caused by a Panton-Valentine leukocidin
      positive S. aureus strain. Immunostaining showed strong binding of the Panton
      Valentine leukocidin toxin to necrotic muscle tissues.

PMID- 19995217
TI  - Postexposure rabies prophylaxis completed in 1 week: preliminary study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients exposed to a rabid animal often travel long distances to
      receive postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), which requires 4 or 5 visits. Reducing
      the number of clinic visits would not only reduce costs for the patient but may
      also help increase compliance to receive complete PEP. We made an effort to
      develop PEP completed in 1 week. METHODS: We administered the 4-site intradermal
      injections of 0.1 mL of purified Vero cell rabies vaccine to the deltoids and
      thighs on days 0, 3, and 7, with and without equine rabies immunoglobulin (40
      IU/kg). A control group received the World Health Organization-approved and
      widely used Thai Red Cross regimen (2-site intradermal injections on days 0, 3,
      and 7 and 1 injection on days 28 and 90) with equine rabies immunoglobulin. We
      then determined rabies neutralizing antibody (NAb) up to day 360. RESULTS:
      Geometric mean titers for subjects receiving the 4-site intradermal regimen, with
      or without equine rabies immunoglobulin, had significantly higher NAb values than
      did the control group on day 14 and 28 (P<.001). All subjects in all groups had a
      NAb value > or =0.5 IU/mL on days 14 and 28. The percentages of subjects who had
      a NAb value > or =0.5 IU/mL from days 0 through 360 were not significantly
      different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: After any PEP regimen, World Health
      Organization recommendations require a NAb value > or =0.5 IU/mL on days 14 and
      28. The 1-week PEP regimen, therefore, appears promising. It increased
      immunogenicity over the 2-site intradermal schedule, and it is convenient and can
      be used in small clinics, because it consumes almost the entire supplied vaccine
      ampoule volume.

PMID- 19995218
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis in patients with HIV-1 infection in the era of potent
      antiretroviral therapy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Coccidioidomycosis is a common opportunistic infection in human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals living in regions
      where coccidioidomycosis is endemic. However, there have been no studies on its
      incidence or clinical expression during the era of potent antiretroviral therapy.
      METHODS: Clinical data were abstracted from the records of all HIV-1-infected
      patients attending a single clinic in a region where coccidioidomycosis is
      endemic from January 2003 through May 2008. Additional follow-up was performed
      through May 2009 for individuals with active coccidioidomycosis. A case-control
      study was performed that compared all individuals who attended the clinic with
      individuals who received a diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. RESULTS: Among 257
      HIV-1-infected patients seen over a 64-month period, 29 cases (11.3%) of
      coccidioidomycosis were identified. Twelve patients (4.7%) received a diagnosis
      of coccidioidomycosis during the study period (annual incidence, 0.9%). Patients
      with less severe coccidioidomycosis were significantly more likely to have an
      undetectable HIV RNA level and to be receiving potent antiretroviral therapy than
      were those with more severe disease (for both, P< .01). Five patients with
      coccidioidomycosis received no antifungal therapy, and 11 others had antifungal
      therapy discontinued. All were healthy during follow-up. Patients with
      coccidioidomycosis had significantly lower CD4 T lymphocyte counts than did
      control subjects (mean +/- standard deviation, 285 +/- 42 cells/microL vs 477 +/-
      21 cells/microL; P= .003). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of symptomatic
      coccidioidomycosis in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy has decreased, and
      its clinical expression is less severe than it was before the potent
      antiretroviral therapy era. Severity of coccidioidomycosis was inversely
      associated with control of HIV-1 infection.

PMID- 19995219
TI  - Cognition in hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon.
AB  - Neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequently reported by patients with chronic
      hepatitis C during treatment with interferon (IFN)-alpha and may lead to
      treatment discontinuation. In order to assess the objective neuropsychiatric
      impairments we prospectively administered standardized neuropsychological testing
      before and 3 months after the initiation of antiviral treatment with pegylated
      IFN-alpha in 17 patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C. In addition
      depression and anxiety scores, social functioning and hepatological parameters
      were obtained. While depressive and anxiety symptoms increased significantly
      during treatment only subtle worsening in neurocognitive performance could be
      detected, indicating slight impairment in cognitive flexibility and psychomotor
      speed (Trail Making Test B; 69.6+/-23 s before vs. 80.7+/-31 s during therapy,
      P=0.011, not remaining significant after Bonferroni correction). We found no
      association between reduced neurocognitive performance and the severity of
      depression. Better neurocognitive performance in single domains was associated
      with better response to antiviral treatment measured as the decline of elevated
      liver enzymes (AST). We conclude that neurocognitive performance was influenced
      by antiviral IFN-alpha-based combination treatment only in single domains and not
      to a clinically relevant extent in contrast to the significant worsening of
      depression.

PMID- 19995220
TI  - Frequency of and rationales for the combined use of electroconvulsive therapy and
      antiepileptic drugs in Austria and the literature.
AB  - Our aim was to observe the frequency of combination therapy using antiepileptic
      drugs (AEDs) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Austria and the literature,
      and to provide rationales and recommendations based on clinical and molecular
      properties. The responsible ECT leaders of eight Austrian departments were
      contacted for information about combination therapy. A computerized PubMed
      database search was performed and supplemented by cross-referencing from papers,
      review articles and psychiatric manuals. The frequency of combination therapy in
      Austrian departments ranges between 0 and 85.7%. In 17 studies enrolling a total
      of 189 patients, 87 (46.0%) patients received combination therapy. Of these 87
      patients, nine (10.3%) reported adverse effects. ECT and AEDs show overlapping
      clinical and molecular properties. Combination therapy is an observed reality
      and, according to the currently available literature, feasible. A comparison of
      clinical and molecular properties indicates possible augmentative effects, making
      combination therapy a promising alternative in treatment-resistant cases. But
      there is still a clear need for prospective case controlled data concerning side
      effects, safety profiles and effectiveness until it can be recommended.

PMID- 19995221
TI  - Response of sodium pump to ouabain challenge in human glioblastoma cells in
      culture.
AB  - Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric condition that manifests with
      abnormalities in ion regulation. Previous studies have suggested that glia may be
      specifically involved in the pathophysiology of this condition. Since the potent
      sodium pump inhibitor, ouabain, has been used previously to model the ionic
      changes of bipolar illness, we investigated its effect of on sodium pump
      expression and activity in a human glioblastoma cell line. LN229 cells were grown
      with or without ouabain 10(-7) M for 3 days, and the effect of a therapeutic
      concentration of lithium was also examined. The mRNA transcription of sodium pump
      isoforms was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT
      PCR), and the protein expression of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated pump
      isoforms was semi-quantified utilizing Western blot. Ouabain treatment caused an
      increase of some 6-fold in alpha1 protein expression and a doubling of alpha1
      mRNA. alpha3 protein and alpha2 and alpha3 mRNA more than doubled. Lithium
      treatment alone had no effect, but lithium co-administered with ouabain
      normalized Na pump protein and mRNA expression for alpha1 and 2, but not alpha3.
      These results suggest that disturbance of ion regulation induces changes in glial
      cell sodium regulatory systems which are normalized by lithium treatment.

PMID- 19995222
TI  - Clozapine-induced tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients taking clozapine
      as a first-line antipsychotic drug.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Clozapine causes few extrapyramidal symptoms and is recommended as a
      treatment drug for severe tardive dyskinesia (TD). However, several case reports
      have suggested that clozapine could also cause TD. We investigated whether
      clozapine used as a first-line antipsychotic drug can cause TD. METHOD: We
      identified 101 patients at Yanbian Socio-Mental Hospital and Yanbian Brain
      Hospital in China who had received clozapine as a primary antipsychotic drug
      since their first episode of illness and evaluated the prevalence rate, type, and
      severity of TD using the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS). The
      criterion for TD was a score of > or = 3 on one item or 2 on two or more items of
      the ESRS. RESULTS: The mean age and duration of illness of the patients were
      38.93+/-8.36 and 12.88+/-6.90 years, respectively. The mean duration of clozapine
      treatment was 12.10+/-6.26 years. The prevalence of TD was 3.96% (4/101).
      Compared to patients without TD, patients with TD had a long duration of illness
      and clozapine treatment; all had the orolingual type of TD. TD was relatively
      mild, with a mean score of 4.75, and tended to accentuate with an activation
      procedure of rapid pronation and supination of the hands. CONCLUSIONS: These
      results suggest that clozapine may cause TD; however, the prevalence is low and
      the severity is relatively mild, with no or mild self-reported discomfort.
      Therefore, we recommend that regular examination for TD using the activation
      procedure should be performed in patients who use clozapine on a long-term basis.

PMID- 19995223
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive disorder associated with parietal white matter multiple
      sclerosis plaques.
AB  - We report the case of a patient who developed obsessive-compulsive symptoms after
      being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. In this patient, obsessive-compulsive
      symptoms deteriorated with the emergence of a right parietal white matter
      multiple sclerosis plaque. The involvement of parietal white matter abnormalities
      in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder remains largely
      unexplored. Our case report raises the possibility that parietal lobe white
      matter microstructure plays a role in mediating obsessions and compulsions
      through disruptions of the functional connectivity between cortical-cortical
      and/or cortical-subcortical brain regions implicated in the pathophysiology of
      obsessive-compulsive disorder.

PMID- 19995224
TI  - Frequent allelic loss of Dkk-1 locus (10q11.2) is related with low distant
      metastasis and better prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
AB  - Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently occurring cancer
      worldwide. Dickkopf (Dkk)-1 gene is suggested to function as tumor suppressor
      gene (TSG) in several kinds of malignancies. In this study, we performed loss of
      heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of Dkk-1 and examined the correlation between LOH
      status and clinicopathological parameters for the first time. A pretty high LOH
      ratio (50%) was detected. Interestingly, in the cases with Dkk-1 retention group
      showed less distant metastasis and a tendency of longer disease free survival.
      These results indicate that Dkk-1 can play a role in HNSCC carcinogenesis and it
      may also be related to distant metastasis.

PMID- 19995225
TI  - Analysis of FLT3-ITD and FLT3-Asp835 mutations in de novo acute myeloid leukemia:
      evaluation of incidence, distribution pattern, correlation with cytogenetics and
      characterization of internal tandem duplication from Indian population.
AB  - Mutation of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene in Indian population
      remains unclear till date. Here, we found FLT3-ITD mutations in 19.1%, FLT3
      Asp835 mutations in 4.7%, and dual mutations in 4.2%, accounting for overall
      mutation in 28% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. FLT3 mutation was more
      prevalent in APL than non-APL patients (32.2% vs 26.3%), adults tend to show
      higher incidence than children (30.6% vs 18.2%, p = .1), and were significantly
      associated with normal karyotype, high WBCs, with no specific distribution in FAB
      subtypes. Notably, FLT3 mutation was present in 50% of patients with NPM1-Mt,
      when compared to only 22.6% of patients with NPM1-wt (p < .001). Sequence
      analyses of internal tandem duplications (ITDs) revealed that duplications were
      mostly restricted to JM domain (3 to 165 nucleotides). Interestingly, 92.3% cases
      showed duplication of at least one amino acid (AA) within the stretch Y589 to
      K602 that includes the two SH2-binding motifs. Analysis of frequency of single AA
      in the duplicated region revealed that E598 was the most frequently duplicated
      single AA in 72%, followed by R595 (69.2%), and Y599 (66.7%). Finally, three
      types of point mutations were identified, including D835Y, D835H, and D835A.

PMID- 19995226
TI  - MS-MLPA reveals progressive age-dependent promoter methylation of tumor
      suppressor genes and possible role of IGSF4 gene in colorectal carcinogenesis of
      microsatellite instable tumors.
AB  - In 43 MSI-H colorectal cancers we searched for new targets of promoter
      methylation, inspected the nature of methylation process, and the influence of
      methylation at specific CpG site on gene expression. CpG methylation was detected
      in 12 tumor suppressor genes. Our findings suggest a potential role of IGSF4 gene
      in the development of colorectal tumors. According to the detected methylation
      pattern, two groups of tumors, significantly differing in age, exist in MSI-H
      colorectal cancers. Our study also suggests that methylation at a specific CpG
      island in the promoter could be the representative for gene silencing and
      therefore serve as a biomarker.

PMID- 19995227
TI  - Immunotherapy in the initial treatment of newly diagnosed cancer patients:
      utilization trend and cost projections for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, metastatic
      breast cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer.
AB  - We analyzed the utilization trend for immunotherapy as initial treatment in the
      United States and estimated the cost impact of three cancers for which the
      majority of newly approved immunotherapies were indicated: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      (NHL), metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC).
      Utilization was highly concentrated, with four cancers accounting for 70-80% of
      use. On the basis of the pattern in 2004 (22.9% NHL, 3.2% MCRC, and 3.3% MBC),
      immunotherapy was associated with $285, $73, and $12 million cost increase for
      NHL, MCRC, and MBC, respectively. Costs for these cancers would have exceeded
      $1.82 billion had 50% of eligible patients received immunotherapy.

PMID- 19995228
TI  - Cytogenetic characterization and cell cycle analysis of three human colon
      adenocarcinoma cell lines: comparison between two- and three-dimensional cell
      culture systems.
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate whether changes in the pattern of gene
      copy number and cell cycle were present passing from the two- to the three
      dimensional cell culture system. We used three human colon adenocarcinoma cell
      lines grown two- and three-dimensionally. We analyzed morphology, karyotype,
      chromosomal gain and losses, and cell cycle. In three-dimensional cell cultures
      the growth is delayed and arrested in G1 phase without specific rearrangements in
      the three-dimensional cultures compared to the two-dimensional cultures. These
      data suggest that the differences between the two- and three-dimensional cell
      culture systems do not involve chromosomal rearrangements.

PMID- 19995229
TI  - Bevacizumab plus irinotecan-based therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer
      patients previously treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC)
      previously exposed to oxaliplatin-based regimen is challenging. Efficacy and
      toxicity of bevacizumab plus irinotecan-based regimens were assessed in the
      second-line treatment of MCRC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients with
      a median age of 53 years (range, 31-75) were retrospectively evaluated. Patients
      progressing or relapsing after treatment with oxaliplatin-based regimens were
      given bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks in combination with irinotecan-based
      regimens. All patients had previously received oxaliplatin either in the adjuvant
      setting (n = 8) or for metastatic disease (n = 32). RESULTS: Three patients
      achieved a complete response (7.5%), 5 partial responses (12.5%) and 14 (35%)
      stable disease resulting in an overall response rate of 20%. Median progression
      free survival was 6 months (95% CI, 4.0-8.0) with a median overall survival of 14
      months (95% CI, 10.2-17.8). One-year survival rate was 55.9%. Grade 3-4
      toxicities were as follows: neutropenia (n = 15, 37.5%), febrile neutropenia (n =
      2, 5%), diarrhea (n = 11, 27.5%), nausea and vomiting (n = 3, 7.5%),
      gastrointestinal perforation (n = 2, 5%), and thromboembolism (n = 2, 5%).
      CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan-based combination chemotherapy is an
      active and safe treatment option in patients failing oxaliplatin-based therapy.

PMID- 19995230
TI  - Laser photobiomodulation of wound healing: a review of experimental studies in
      mouse and rat animal models.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This investigation reviewed experimental studies of laser irradiation
      of wound healing in mice and rats published from 2003 to August 2008,
      respectively, to assess putative stimulatory effects of this treatment.
      BACKGROUND: Animal models, including rodents, attempt to reflect human wound
      healing and associated problems such as dehiscence, ischemia, ulceration,
      infection, and scarring. They have played a key role in furthering understanding
      of underlying mechanisms involved in impaired wound healing, and in testing new
      therapeutic strategies including laser irradiation. METHOD: Original research
      papers investigating effects of laser or monochromatic light therapy on wound
      healing in mice and rats and published from January 2003 to August 2008 were
      retrieved from library sources, PubMed and Medline databases, reference lists
      from retrieved papers, and hand searches of relevant journals. Papers were
      selected for this review with regard to specific inclusion and exclusion
      criteria. Studies were critically reviewed in terms of study design, methodology,
      and appropriateness of laser irradiation parameters. RESULTS: The literature
      search identified eight studies in mice and 39 in rats. A variety of wound models
      were investigated, including acute-wound, impaired-healing, and chronic-wound
      models. Considerable variation was observed in research design, methodology, and
      irradiation parameters employed, limiting comparison of research findings between
      studies. Inadequate reporting of key experimental details, or errors in
      specification and/or calculation of key irradiation parameters was also found.
      Evidence from the studies reviewed suggested that use of red or infrared
      wavelength at a range of dosage parameters (median 4.2 J cm(-2)) results in
      significant benefits in measured parameters of wound healing. Interestingly,
      coherence does not seem essential to the photobiomodulatory effects of 'laser'
      phototherapy. CONCLUSION: Studies reviewed consistently demonstrated the ability
      of laser or monochromatic light to photobiomodulate wound healing processes in
      experimental wounds in rats and mice, and strongly support the case for further
      controlled research in humans.

PMID- 19995232
TI  - Associations between perceptions of environmental barriers and participation in
      persons with late effects of polio.
AB  - The aim of this pilot study was to assess the association between perceived
      environmental barriers and perceived participation in everyday life situations
      encountered by people with late effects of polio. A sample of 45 persons with
      clinically verified late effects of polio answered the Swedish versions of the
      Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPA-S) and the Craig Hospital
      Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF-S). The relationships between the
      perceived occurrence of a broad range of environmental barriers and perception of
      participation in life situations and problems with participation were explored.
      The majority of the respondents perceived that they encountered environmental
      barriers, but their occurrence was generally infrequent and their magnitude
      tended to be low. The barriers identified in the physical/structural subscale
      were generally most strongly related to problems with participation, compared
      with the four other environmental subscales. A high frequency of never
      encountering environmental barriers in the three subscales physical/structural,
      work and education, and policies in CHIEF-S were significantly related to more
      reports of good participation in IPA-S. These associations indicate that the
      participation of those with late effects of polio is influenced by their
      perception of the barriers they encounter. Further studies of these concepts can
      provide a greater understanding of disabilities and help us to promote
      participation in life situations for people with late effects of polio.

PMID- 19995233
TI  - Cellular radiosensitivity: how much better do we understand it?
AB  - PURPOSE: Ionising radiation exposure gives rise to a variety of lesions in DNA
      that result in genetic instability and potentially tumourigenesis or cell death.
      Radiation extends its effects on DNA by direct interaction or by radiolysis of
      H(2)O that generates free radicals or aqueous electrons capable of interacting
      with and causing indirect damage to DNA. While the various lesions arising in DNA
      after radiation exposure can contribute to the mutagenising effects of this
      agent, the potentially most damaging lesion is the DNA double strand break (DSB)
      that contributes to genome instability and/or cell death. Thus in many cases
      failure to recognise and/or repair this lesion determines the radiosensitivity
      status of the cell. DNA repair mechanisms including homologous recombination (HR)
      and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) have evolved to protect cells against DNA
      DSB. Mutations in proteins that constitute these repair pathways are
      characterised by radiosensitivity and genome instability. Defects in a number of
      these proteins also give rise to genetic disorders that feature not only genetic
      instability but also immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, neurodegeneration
      and other pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: In the past 50 years our understanding of the
      cellular response to radiation damage has advanced enormously with insight being
      gained from a wide range of approaches extending from more basic early studies to
      the sophisticated approaches used today. In this review we discuss our current
      understanding of the impact of radiation on the cell and the organism gained from
      the array of past and present studies and attempt to provide an explanation for
      what it is that determines the response to radiation.

PMID- 19995234
TI  - A comparison of the mutagenic and apoptotic effects of tritiated water and acute
      or chronic caesium-137 gamma exposure on spleen T lymphocytes on normal and p53
      deficient mice.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study was carried out to compare the mutagenic effects on spleen T
      lymphocytes of mice exposed to tritiated water (HTO) and chronic or acute (137)Cs
      gamma irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: p53 wild type (p53(+/+)) and p53 null
      type (p53(-/-)) mice were exposed to a total dose of 3 Gy of HTO, chronic (137)Cs
      and acute (137)Cs. RESULTS: In spontaneous T-cell receptor (TCR) variant
      fractions and fractions following exposure to HTO, chronic (137)Cs and acute
      (137)Cs, TCR variant fractions in p53(+/+) mice were 5.9 x 10(-4), 9.8 x 10(-4),
      6.4 x 10(-4) and 20.1 x 10(-4), respectively. In contrast, those fractions were
      increased in p53(-/-) mice to 11.2 x 10(-4), 18.8 x 10(-4), 15.7 x 10(-4) and
      31.3 x 10(-4), respectively. The frequency of apoptotic cells of the spleen 12 h
      after HTO injection increased to 5.0% in p53(+/+) mice, but did not increase at
      all in p53(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS: When compared on the basis of induced TCR
      variant fractions in p53(-/-) mice, HTO (7.6 x 10(-4)) was 1.7 times more
      mutagenic than chronic (137)Cs (4.5 x 10(-4)), but 2.6 times less mutagenic than
      acute (137)Cs gamma irradiation (20.1 x 10(-4)).

PMID- 19995235
TI  - 10 Gy total body irradiation increases risk of coronary sclerosis, degeneration
      of heart structure and function in a rat model.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the impact of 10 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) or local
      thorax irradiation, a dose relevant to a radiological terrorist threat, on lipid
      and liver profile, coronary microvasculature and ventricular function. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: WAG/RijCmcr rats received 10 Gy TBI followed by bone marrow
      transplantation, or 10 Gy local thorax irradiation. Age-matched, non-irradiated
      rats served as controls. The lipid profile and liver enzymes, coronary vessel
      morphology, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, protease activated receptor
      (PAR)-1 expression and fibrinogen levels were compared. Two-dimensional strain
      echocardiography assessed global radial and circumferential strain on the heart.
      RESULTS: TBI resulted in a sustained increase in total and low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (190 +/- 8 vs. 58 +/- 6; 82 +/- 8 vs. 13 +/- 3
      mg/dl, respectively). The density of small coronary arterioles was decreased by
      32%. Histology revealed complete blockage of some vessels while cardiomyocytes
      remained normal. TBI resulted in cellular peri-arterial fibrosis whereas control
      hearts had symmetrical penetrating vessels with less collagen and fibroblasts.
      TBI resulted in a 32 +/- 4% and 28 +/- 3% decrease in endothelial NOS and
      inducible NOS protein, respectively, and a 21 +/- 4% and 35 +/- 5% increase in
      fibrinogen and PAR-1 protein respectively, after 120 days. TBI reduced radial
      strain (19 +/- 8 vs. 46 +/- 7%) and circumferential strain (-8 +/- 3 vs. -15 +/-
      3%) compared to controls. Thorax-only irradiation produced no changes over the
      same time frame. CONCLUSIONS: TBI with 10 Gy, a dose relevant to radiological
      terrorist threats, worsened lipid profile, injured coronary microvasculature,
      altered endothelial physiology and myocardial mechanics. These changes were not
      manifest with local thorax irradiation. Non-thoracic circulating factors may be
      promoting radiation-induced injury to the heart.

PMID- 19995236
TI  - Track structure effects in a study of cell killing in normal human skin
      fibroblasts.
AB  - PURPOSE: To study track structure effects in cells irradiated by heavy ions, we
      have performed a model analysis of an extensive recently published data set of
      over 40 survival curves of normal human skin fibroblast cells irradiated in vitro
      by energetic carbon, neon, silicon and iron ions measured in track-segment
      conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Having derived the required track-segment
      descriptions of the ion bombardments from the published data, we fitted four
      parameters of the cellular track structure theory (Katz model) to the whole data
      set. RESULTS: Using track structure calculations with the best-fitted parameters,
      we demonstrate a systematic interpretation of this data set, highlighting effects
      specific to track structure. In particular, we model the dependence of relative
      biological effectiveness (RBE) and 'single-particle' and 'extrapolated' cross
      section on linear energy transfer (LET) or Z*(2)/beta(2) (where Z* is the
      effective charge and beta is the relative velocity of the ion) and demonstrate
      the predictive capability of the model. CONCLUSIONS: Our interpretation of the
      data differs from that of Tsuruoka et al. We suggest that the biological effects
      of charged secondary particles generated in this experiment by degrading the
      energy of the primary ion beams using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) absorbers
      cannot be ignored.

PMID- 19995237
TI  - Regenerative capacity of normal and irradiated liver following partial
      hepatectomy in rats.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate the regenerative capacity and proliferation related to
      cell cycle modulators in irradiated livers after partial hepatectomy (PH) in
      rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two experimental groups were given a single dose of
      either 4-Gy or 8-Gy photon radiation to the whole liver following PH. The control
      group underwent only PH, without irradiation. The liver specimens were analysed
      for apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle related genes between 0.5 and 12
      days. RESULTS: Mean change in weight of the remnant liver in the 8-Gy group was
      significantly lower than in the control and 4-Gy groups. The apex of
      proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation
      index in two irradiated groups were also apparently lower than that in control
      group. After PH, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1), and the type II
      receptor of TGFbeta (TGFbetaR-II), anti-tumour protein 53(p53) and anti-tumour
      protein21(p21) protein expression in the irradiated livers was higher than in
      unirradiated ones. Significant apoptosis was noted in 8-Gy group. However, the
      maximal value of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA and protein expression in
      the irradiated group was suppressed and restoration of liver function was
      delayed. CONCLUSION: Whole liver lower dose irradiation can attenuate
      regenerative capacity following partial hepatectomy in rats.

PMID- 19995238
TI  - Radiation induces an antitumour immune response to mouse melanoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: Irradiation of cancer cells can cause immunogenic death. We used mouse
      models to determine whether irradiation of melanoma can enhance the host
      antitumour immune response and function as an effective vaccination strategy, and
      investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in this radiation-induced
      response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For in vivo studies, C57BL6/J mice and the B16F0
      melanoma cell line were used in a lung metastasis model, intratumoural host
      immune activation assays, and tumour growth delay studies. In vitro studies
      included a dendritic cell (DC) phagocytosis assay, detection of cell surface
      exposure of the protein calreticulin (CRT), and small interfering RNA (siRNA)
      mediated depletion of CRT cellular levels. RESULTS: Irradiation of cutaneous
      melanomas prior to their resection resulted in more than 20-fold reduction in
      lung metastases after systemic challenge with untreated melanoma cells. A
      syngeneic vaccine derived from irradiated melanoma cells also induced adaptive
      immune response markers in irradiated melanoma implants. Our data indicate a
      trend for radiation-induced increase in melanoma cell surface exposure of CRT,
      which is involved in the enhanced phagocytic activity of DC against irradiated
      melanoma cells (VIACUC). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that neoadjuvant
      irradiation of cutaneous melanoma tumours prior to surgical resection can
      stimulate an endogenous anti-melanoma host immune response.

PMID- 19995240
TI  - V-79 Chinese hamster cells irradiated with antiprotons, a study of peripheral
      damage due to medium and long range components of the annihilation radiation.
AB  - PURPOSE: Radiotherapy of cancer carries a perceived risk of inducing secondary
      cancer and other damage due to dose delivered to normal tissue. While expectedly
      small, this risk must be carefully analysed for all modalities. Especially in the
      use of exotic particles like pions and antiprotons, which annihilate and produce
      a mixed radiation field when interacting with normal matter nuclei, the
      biological effective dose far out of field needs to be considered in evaluating
      this approach. We describe first biological measurements to address the concern
      that medium and long range annihilation products may produce a significant
      background dose and reverse any benefits of higher biological dose in the target
      area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN
      (Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire) we irradiated V-79 Chinese Hamster
      cells embedded in gelatine using an antiproton beam with fluence ranging from 4.5
      x 10(8) to 4.5 x 10(9) particles, and evaluated the biological effect on cells
      located distal to the Bragg peak using clonogenic survival and the COMET assay.
      RESULTS: Both methods show a substantial biological effect on the cells in the
      entrance channel and the Bragg Peak area, but any damage is reduced to levels
      well below the effect in the entrance channel 15 mm distal to the Bragg peak for
      even the highest particle fluence used. CONCLUSIONS: The annihilation radiation
      generated by antiprotons stopping in biological targets causes an increase of the
      penumbra of the beam but the effect rapidly decreases with distance from the
      target volume. No major increase in the biological effect is found in the far
      field outside of the primary beam.

PMID- 19995239
TI  - The radiation response of cells from 9L gliosarcoma tumours is correlated with
      [F18]-EF5 uptake.
AB  - PURPOSE: Tumour hypoxia affects cancer biology and therapy-resistance in both
      animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EF5 ([2-(2
      nitro-1-H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)-acetamide]) binding
      and/or radioactive drug uptake correlated with single-dose radiation response in
      9L gliosarcoma tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two 9L tumours were grown
      in male Fischer rats. Rats were administered low specific activity (18)F-EF5 and
      their tumours irradiated and assessed for cell survival and hypoxia. Hypoxia
      assays included EF5 binding measured by antibodies against bound-drug adducts and
      gamma counts of (18)F-EF5 tumour uptake compared with uptake by normal muscle and
      blood. These assays were compared with cellular radiation response (in vivo to in
      vitro assay). In six cases, uptake of tumour versus muscle was also assayed using
      images from a PET (positron emission tomography) camera (PENN G-PET). RESULTS:
      The intertumoural variation in radiation response of 9L tumour-cells was
      significantly correlated with uptake of (18)F-labelled EF5 (i.e., including both
      bound and non-bound drug) using either tumour to muscle or tumour to blood gamma
      count ratios. In the tumours where imaging was performed, there was a significant
      correlation between the image analysis and gamma count analysis. Intertumoural
      variation in cellular radiation response of the same 22 tumours was also
      correlated with mean flow cytometry signal due to EF5 binding. CONCLUSION: To our
      knowledge, this is the first animal model/drug combination demonstrating a
      correlation of radioresponse for tumour-cells from individual tumours with drug
      metabolism using either immunohistochemical or non-invasive techniques.

PMID- 19995241
TI  - Mechanisms of the elimination of low dose hyper-radiosensitivity in T-47D cells
      by low dose-rate priming.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanisms of elimination of low-dose hyper
      radiosensitivity (HRS) in T-47D cells induced by 0.3 Gy low dose-rate (LDR)
      priming. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mitotic ratio was measured using mitotic
      marker histone H3 phosphorylation in LDR primed as well as untreated T-47D cells.
      The HRS response in unprimed cells receiving medium which was irradiated after
      being harvested from unprimed cells was measured with or without serum present
      during cell conditioning. 4,6-benzylidene-D-glucose (BG) was used to inhibit
      protein synthesis during LDR priming. RESULTS: LDR primed T-47D cells were HRS
      deficient and showed a decrease in mitotic ratio with increasing dose while
      unprimed, i.e., HRS-competent T-47D cells, showed no decrease in mitotic ratio
      for doses in the HRS-range. HRS was eliminated in LDR primed cells, in cells
      receiving medium transfer from LDR primed cells, and in cells receiving LDR
      irradiated medium harvested from unprimed cells. The efficacy of the transferred
      medium depended on the presence of serum during cell conditioning. LDR priming
      eliminated HRS even in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitor BG.
      CONCLUSIONS: LDR priming of T-47D cells as well as LDR priming of medium
      conditioned on T-47D cells induce a factor in the medium which cause the early
      G(2)-checkpoint to be activated in recipient cells by doses normally in the HRS
      dose-range.

PMID- 19995243
TI  - Effect of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) on leukocyte levels before and during healing
      from gastric ulcer or skin injury.
AB  - Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) has been widely used as an anti-inflammatory and wound
      healing commercial product. As white blood cell (WBC)/leukocyte counts have been
      used as an indicator by clinicians to monitor progress of healing in patients,
      the purpose of this study was to examine effects of myrrh supplementation on
      blood WBC numbers before an injury and during healing. Male rats (7-8-wk-of-age)
      were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 (SIM) served as "skin injury
      treated + myrrh treatment (500 mg/kg/day)," Group 2 (SI) as "skin injury alone",
      Group 3 (GUM) as "gastric ulcer treated + myrrh treatment", and Group 4 (GU) as
      gastric ulcer only. Myrrh treatments (via drinking water) began 4 wk before
      induction of injury and continued for a 2 wk period post-injury. Baseline values
      for each WBC type were recorded before start of the myrrh treatments. Counts were
      performed again on Day 1 of the 5th wk (1-2 hr before injury) and post-injury on
      Days 4 and 7 of the 5th wk, and a final time on Day 4 of the 6th wk. Results
      showed that levels of all WBC types were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated before
      either injury in myrrh-treated rats (Groups 1 and 3) as compared with levels in
      rats in Groups 2 and 4. At all timepoints, there were neither significant
      differences between the values seen with rats in Groups 1 and 3, nor between
      those in Groups 2 and 4. Treatment with myrrh also induced an initial increase in
      WBC levels that persisted through the post-injury healing period. Levels of most
      cell types only increased in the Group 2 and 4 rats once the injury was induced,
      but then declined over the healing period. Since myrrh enhanced WBC levels before
      injury, we conclude that myrrh likely contains substances that could induce an
      apparent antigen-driven response. As the myrrh also helped maintain elevated WBC
      levels throughout the healing period, this implied it was also able to induce
      maturation/differentiation/activation of both myeloid and lymphoid cell types
      during the effector phase of the immune responses involved in wound healing.

PMID- 19995244
TI  - Herpesvirus infections of laboratory macaques.
AB  - Non-human primates (NHPs), primarily macaques, are commonly used as non-rodent
      species in pre-clinical safety assessment studies. The use of macaques in such
      studies is increasing largely due to the development of biopharmaceutical and
      immunomodulatory therapies that necessitates extensive safety testing. Macaques,
      commonly available for use in such studies, are infected by a rich flora of
      herpesviruses that cause persistent, latent, life-long infections. Primary
      infection of immune competent macaques is typically subclinical with very little
      associated morbidity and mortality only in very rare cases. A life-long
      consequence of herpesvirus infection is periodic stochastic and frequently
      asymptomatic recurrences from latency throughout an infected macaque's lifetime.
      With immune modulation or suppression, however, immune control of herpesvirus
      infections can be lost, resulting in significant disease and even death of the
      affected animals. Since macaques undergo primary infection with herpesviruses
      starting around 4-6 months-of-age when maternally-derived antibody begins to
      wane, it is difficult and costly to derive animals that are herpesvirus-free.
      Further, the herpesvirus flora and prevalence of infection in laboratory macaques
      mirrors that of the adult human population making the herpesvirus-infected
      macaque a reasonable model of the general human population. This review is
      intended to familiarize toxicologists performing preclinical drug safety studies
      with the basic biology, disease pathogenesis and consequences of immune
      suppression in herpesvirus-infected laboratory macaques.

PMID- 19995245
TI  - Reduction of percutaneous absorption of toxic chemicals by dendrimers.
AB  - Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, a reactive nanoparticle, was investigated as a
      potential protectant against percutaneous absorption of chemicals. Permeation of
      furfural (model toxicant) through rat skin from a 1-mg/mL solution was studied in
      the absence and presence of PAMAM dendrimer, which was applied either as 1, 4,
      and 6 mg/mL in furfural solution (cotreatment) or 2.2 mg/cm(2) deposited on skin
      surface before furfural application (pretreatment). Furfural flux, about 70
      microg/cm(2)/h in untreated samples, was decreased by PAMAM dendrimer in a
      concentration-dependent manner up to 12 times with the cotreatment methods and
      2.3 times with the pretreatment method, indicating PAMAM's protective ability
      against cutaneous toxicants.

PMID- 19995246
TI  - Repair of peripheral nerve defect by direct gradual lengthening of the distal
      nerve stump in rats: cellular reaction.
AB  - We investigated the effects of direct gradual lengthening of the distal stump of
      a peripheral nerve and subsequent nerve regeneration in rats. A segment 10 mm
      long was resected from rat sciatic nerve. The distal nerve stump was fixed to a
      ring and pulled directly at a rate of 1 mm/day using an original external nerve
      distraction device. After distraction for 10, 15, and 20 days, the lengthened
      nerves were evaluated macroscopically and immunocytochemically. At day 20, the
      mean (SD) distances from the ring to the 3 mm and 6 mm distal part, which were
      marked with sutures on the epineurium, were 7 (0.5) mm and 12.1 (0.5) mm,
      respectively, and the number of Schwann cells in the lengthening group had
      increased to twice that of control group. The distal stump of a peripheral nerve
      including the epineurium, endoneurium, and proliferation of Schwann cells can be
      lengthened directly. This method also made it possible to lengthen the nerve
      stump longitudinally and to control both the rate and distance. We think that
      this method may be used in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

PMID- 19995247
TI  - Repair of peripheral nerve defect by direct gradual lengthening of the distal
      nerve stump in rats: effect on nerve regeneration.
AB  - We investigated the use of direct lengthening of the distal stump of a peripheral
      nerve to compare the results of nerve regeneration using the direct lengthening
      method with simple end-to-end suture and autografting in rats. A segment 10 mm
      long was resected from the rat sciatic nerve (n=18 in each group). The distal
      nerve stump was fixed to a ring and pulled at a rate of 1 mm/day for 20 days
      using an original external nerve distraction device. The results showed that the
      degree of nerve regeneration in the lengthened group was superior to that of the
      grafted group electrophysiologically and histologically, but there were no
      significant differences between the lengthened and end-to-end suture groups. We
      conclude that direct lengthening of the distal stump of a peripheral nerve can
      promote nerve regeneration similar to that observed in a Wallerian degenerated
      nerve. We think that this technique may be used for the treatment of peripheral
      nerve injuries.

PMID- 19995248
TI  - Venous drainage system of the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap.
AB  - The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap has been widely used
      for reconstruction of the breast. Partial loss of the flap is still a problem,
      however, and venous congestion may cause partial necrosis of the flap. There are
      few studies of the venous anatomy of the TRAM flap that compares with that of the
      arterial system, so the aim of this study was to investigate the venous anatomy
      of the TRAM flap and assess its drainage pathway using venography. A mixture of
      barium and gelatin were injected through the cutaneous veins such as the
      superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV), the superficial circumflex iliac
      vein (SCIV), or the perforating branch of the deep inferior epigastric vein
      (DIEV) in 11 hemiTRAM flaps. Venograms of TRAM flaps were taken, and the venous
      anatomy evaluated. The study showed that it consisted of the dominant superficial
      venous system, the SIEV and SCIV, and the secondary deep venous system, and the
      perforating vein of DIEV (DIEV perforator). In addition, we saw the large
      communicating veins between the SIEV and DIEV perforator near the umbilicus. We
      think that these communicating veins, which are considered as the DIEV
      perforators between the superficial and deep venous system, are an important
      venous drainage pathway after the TRAM flap has been raised.

PMID- 19995249
TI  - Placebo-controlled trial of local anaesthesia for treatment of pain after breast
      reconstruction.
AB  - Breast reconstruction with submuscular tissue implants is associated with
      substantial postoperative pain. High pain scores despite large doses of opioids
      were described in earlier studies, which indicated that opioids alone or together
      with paracetamol are insufficient. In the present placebo-controlled study we
      aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of local anaesthesia as a supplement.
      Forty-three women who had previously been operated on for breast cancer and were
      listed for unilateral secondary breast reconstruction were assigned at random to
      one of two groups. The patients received 2.5 mg/ml levobupivacaine (Chirocaine)
      15 ml or placebo in a double-blind manner through an indwelling catheter in the
      operation site every three hours for 45 hours. All patients were given oral
      paracetamol 1 g x 4 orally and morphine intravenously as patient-controlled
      analgesia. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of the
      postoperative pain. Amount of morphine used was recorded. The women in the
      levobupivacaine group (n=21) reported significantly less pain at rest during the
      first 15 hours postoperatively (p<0.05). During mobilisation the intensity of
      pain was lower for the first six hours (p=0.01) and for the interval 18-24 hours
      (p=0.045) in the same group. Total mean (SD) consumption of opioids in the
      levobupivacaine and placebo groups was 24.6 mg (22.88) and 33.8 mg (30.82),
      respectively (p=0.28). After reconstruction, levobupivacaine injected locally
      every third hour as a supplement to paracetamol orally and morphine given by PCA
      resulted in improved pain relief at rest and during mobilisation. Morphine
      consumption was reduced, but this was not significant (p=0.28).

PMID- 19995250
TI  - Breast reduction alleviates depression and anxiety and restores self-esteem: a
      prospective randomised clinical trial.
AB  - Of women who seek reduction mammaplasty, up to a third have pathological degrees
      of anxiety or depression, or both. The psychological aspect of reduction
      mammaplasty is therefore an important consideration. We did a prospective
      randomised clinical trial to see how reduction mammaplasty affected macromastia
      patients' depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Eighty-two patients were
      randomised, 40 to have the operation, and 42 patients to conservative treatment.
      Both groups were followed for six months. The patients completed the RBDI
      questionnaire (Raitasalo's modification of the short form of the Beck Depression
      Inventory). Twenty-nine patients in the operated group and 35 patients in the
      conservative group completed the study. At the second examination, the patients
      who had been operated on, had significantly less depression (p<0.01) and better
      self-esteem (p=0.03) than the conservative group. The proportions of depressed
      (p<0.01) and anxious (p=0.04) patients were also smaller in the group who were
      operated on. There is significantly less depression and anxiety after reduction
      mammaplasty, and patients' self-esteem is restored.

PMID- 19995251
TI  - Extended orbital exenteration in the treatment of advanced periocular skin cancer
      with primary reconstruction with a galeacutaneous flap.
AB  - Extended orbital exenteration includes the removal of orbital contents together
      with the surrounding orbital wall(s). Skin cancers (basal cell cancer and
      squamous cell skin cancer) arising in the periorbital region could present as
      invasive tumours infiltrating the orbit and orbital walls. We describe the
      treatment of advanced invasive skin cancers of the periorbital region by extended
      orbital exenteration. A retrospective consecutive series over a nine-year period,
      included 21 extended orbital exenterations treated in a tertiary referral centre.
      The margins of excision were clear in 18. Twenty postoperative defects were
      reconstructed using galea-skin flaps, and one defect was left to heal by
      secondary intention. Two patients died of their disease during the three-year
      follow up. The reconstruction with frontal or frontoparietal galea-skin flap is a
      suitable option. The technique is versatile and simple, and gives acceptable
      aesthetic results. The operating time is shorter than that required for
      microvascular reconstructions, and the complication rate is low. The secondary
      defect can be closed primarily or by skin grafting. Extended orbital exenteration
      offers the best chances of cure in the treatment of non-melanotic skin cancers
      that have infiltrated the orbit and orbital walls.

PMID- 19995252
TI  - Prolapsed orbital fat: 15 consecutive cases.
AB  - Prolapsed orbital fat has rarely been described and is often confused with other
      conjunctival tumours, such as dermolipoma. We describe the clinical features and
      treatment of 15 patients with prolapsed orbital fat. We report here our
      experience in 15 consecutive patients who presented to the Vision Institute of
      Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between July 2004 and December 2007.
      Age, sex, presenting complaint, physical findings, associated local and systemic
      diseases, type of treatment, and complications were recorded. Ten patients were
      men, and ages ranged from 44-86 (mean 68). Eleven patients presented with
      unilateral disease. Thirteen had superotemporal prolapse, and two atypical
      superonasal prolapse. Two gave a history of trauma. All patients had the
      prolapsed fat excised for cosmetic reasons. There were no complications. Orbital
      fat prolapse is usually superotemporal, mainly in men, and is easily
      differentiated from other lesions, such as prolapsed lacrimal gland. Excision is
      always indicated, usually for cosmetic reasons.

PMID- 19995253
TI  - Randomised controlled study of two different techniques of skin suture in
      endoscopic release of carpal tunnel.
AB  - In a prospective, randomised trial of 54 hands in 47 patients incisions were
      randomised to be closed by either absorbable subcuticular (polyglytone 6211,
      Caprosyn), or non-absorbable interrupted (polybutester, Novafil), sutures after
      single-portal endoscopic release of the carpal tunnel. There was a significant
      reduction in pain scores on days 1 and 2 in the patients treated with an
      absorbable continuous subcuticular suture, and no difference in inflammation or
      infection. There was no difference in the cosmetic appearance between the two
      groups after three months.

PMID- 19995254
TI  - Familial congenital symmastia: ultrastructurally abnormal breast tissue.
AB  - Reports about congenital symmastia and its surgical treatment are few. We report
      two patients - a mother and daughter - with congenital symmastia in whom breast
      and fatty tissue was found to be mobile adhering poorly to the chest wall.
      Although histological examination showed no abnormality of the tissue bridge
      between the breasts, ultrastructural investigation of breast tissue (including
      Cooper's ligaments) showed an abnormal arrangement of collagen fibres. Satisfying
      aesthetic results were achieved by resection of excess soft tissue in the
      cleavage area through a submammary incision and fixation of the skin with
      subcutaneous interrupted sutures to the sternal periosteum.

PMID- 19995255
TI  - Closure of the defect resulting from caudal regression syndrome with duplicated
      rectum.
AB  - Caudal regression syndrome covers a range of congenital malformations that range
      from simple anal atresia to absence of sacral, lumbar, and possibly lower
      thoracic, vertebrae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of
      caudal regression syndrome combined with rectal duplication. We present a case
      and describe our technique of reconstruction.

PMID- 19995256
TI  - Whether to excise a lipofibroma of the median nerve.
AB  - A 28-year-old man presented with a lipofibroma of the median nerve of the left
      hand. We released the carpal tunnel, did a neurolysis, and biopsied of the median
      nerve together with a distal fasciotomy of the forearm. Two years after the
      operation, the paraesthesiae of the middle finger had improved but was still
      present to a lesser degree. Initial considerations about treatment should be
      directed toward biopsy and alleviation of the compression neuropathy, rather than
      total excision.

PMID- 19995259
TI  - Time, Time, Time, see what's become of me; while I looked around for my
      possibilities; I was so hard to please. (from Simon and Garfunkel's hazy shade of
      winter).

PMID- 19995260
TI  - Percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolysis: for whom and when?
AB  - Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the treatment of choice for
      patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the attempt
      to reduce the unfavourable effects of time delays before PPCI, the administration
      of thrombolysis has been advocated (facilitated-PCI), but this treatment was
      shown to be ineffective and harmful, and should be avoided in patients who can
      receive PPCI promptly. Fibrinolysis is still indicated when PPCI is not available
      within 90-120 min but 1/3 of STEMI patients undergoing fibrinolysis does not show
      signs of reperfusion and even when reperfusion is achieved they have a
      considerable risk of death and recurrent MI. Thus invasive management with early
      PCI could be complementary to fibrinolysis both to obtain coronary reperfusion in
      those patients with failed thrombolysis (rescue-PCI) and to decrease the risk of
      further ischaemic events in patients with successful thrombolysis. In this
      article we show that this synergy has been supported by modern randomized control
      trials and meta-analysis. It is advisable that organization model of territorial
      network for the treatment of STEMI patients should be expanded to provide a
      timely access to hospital with interventional facilities also to patients treated
      with fibrinolysis that need rescue-PPCI or an urgent/early invasive management.

PMID- 19995262
TI  - Diastolic heart sounds as an adjunctive diagnostic tool with ST criteria for
      acute myocardial ischemia.
AB  - AIMS/METHODS: To investigate whether diastolic third or fourth heart sounds (S3
      or S4) detect myocardial ischemia independently or in combination with the 12
      lead electrocardiogram (ECG), a prospective comparison study was conducted in a
      group with ischemia induced by percutaneous coronary intervention (n=19) and a
      non-ischemia group (n=18) without coronary artery disease or ischemic ECG
      evidence. Diastolic heart sounds were detected by computerized acoustic
      cardiography. RESULTS: Of 37 patients, the mean age was 59.4+/-11.8 years. An S4
      was more sensitive (74%) in detecting ischemia than an S3 (47%) or standard ST-T
      criteria (53%). All subjects with standard ST-T wave criteria for PCI-induced
      ischemia had an S3 or S4. All subjects without an S3 or S4 did not have ST-T wave
      criteria for ischemia. Using logistic regression, both an S3 and S4 were shown to
      detect ischemia (P<0.05), independent of ST-T criteria. The detection of ischemia
      was improved by 32% when the presence of an S3 or S4 was added to ST-T wave
      criteria. The absence of an S3 and S4 was helpful to rule out myocardial
      ischemia. CONCLUSION: The use of computerized acoustic cardiography to detect an
      S3 or S4 may augment the ECG detection of ischemia.

PMID- 19995261
TI  - Prescription at discharge of recommended treatments for secondary prevention in
      patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction according to reperfusion
      strategies. Results from the IN-ACS outcome study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To analyse discharge prescription of recommended treatments in patients
      with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to reperfusion
      strategies. METHODS: IN-ACS (Italian Network on Acute Coronary Syndromes)
      Outcome, an observational, multicenter study, enrolled 6045 ACS patients admitted
      within 48 h. In the present study we compared the discharge prescription rates of
      secondary prevention drugs among the 2144 patients with STEMI (72.5% men, age
      65+/-13 years) who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI)
      1044 (48.7%) or thrombolytic therapy (TT) 575 (26.8%) or no reperfusion treatment
      (NR) 525 (24.5%). RESULTS: Despite the higher risk profile, NR patients respect
      to pPCI and TT were less frequently receiving antiplatelet (93.0% versus 99.7%
      versus 96.4%), dual antiplatelet (57.9% versus 93.9% versus 62.8%), beta-blockers
      (71.2% versus 82.9 versus 75.0%) and statins (68.4% versus 78.6% versus 76.9%) (P
      <0.0001) at discharge. After multivariable analysis, NR respect to pPCI was an
      independent predictor of not receiving antiplatelet (OR: 19.6; 95% CI: 6.0-62.5),
      dual antiplatelet (OR: 10.2; 95% CI: 7.6-13.5), beta-blocker (OR: 1.6; 95% CI:
      1.3-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results NR patients with STEMI, despite
      their higher risk profile, were less likely to receive the recommended drugs at
      discharge compared to patients treated with pPCI.

PMID- 19995263
TI  - Do patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Killip class I
      need intensive cardiac care after a successful primary percutaneous intervention?
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are limited data regarding the need for intensive
      care or the appropriate length of hospital stay for patients with ST elevation
      acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). In order to optimize resources, we tried to
      determine the need of coronary care unit (CCU) admission for patients with STEMI
      who remained in Killip class I after a successful primary percutaneous coronary
      intervention (PPCI). METHODS: From August of 2006 till June of 2008, we analyzed
      data from all patients admitted in our CCU who met these criteria, a total of
      278. We prospectively recorded all in-hospital adverse events and event-free
      survival at 30 and 90 days (all cause death, stroke, new acute coronary syndrome
      or re-hospitalization due to heart failure). Medical treatment was optimized
      according to the current guidelines. RESULTS: A coronary stent was implanted in
      96% of the patients. None of the patients had any adverse event that could not be
      resolved in a step-down unit. Survival at 30 and at 90 days was 99.6% and 98.3%
      respectively. Event-free survival was 97.3% at 30 days and 94.3% at 90 days. The
      median length of stay was three days in the CCU and five days in the hospital.
      CONCLUSION: Patients with STEMI treated with PPCI who remained in Killip class I
      after the procedure and receive optimal pharmacological treatment have an
      excellent prognosis. All of them can probably be admitted safely to a step-down
      unit. Wide application of this management strategy may result in substantial cost
      savings.

PMID- 19995264
TI  - Repeated plaque prolapse after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in the
      treatment of chronic total occlusion lesion.

PMID- 19995265
TI  - Evidence of bias in studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly
      patients.
AB  - Although studies have shown influenza vaccines to be effective in preventing
      death in the elderly population, these findings may be the result of selection
      bias. We examined the relationship between vaccination, age, underlying
      morbidity, and probability of death in the upcoming year. Vaccination coverage
      varied in a curvilinear fashion with age, morbidity, and risk of death. Forgoing
      vaccination predicted death in those who had received vaccinations in the
      previous 5 years, but it predicted survival in patients who had never before
      received a vaccination. We conclude that bias is inherent in studies of influenza
      vaccination and death among elderly patients.

PMID- 19995266
TI  - Toll-like receptor 2 ligand-induced protection against bacterial endophthalmitis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Activation of innate immunity plays a key role in determining the
      outcome of an infection. Here, we investigated whether Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
      are involved in retinal innate response and explored the prophylactic use of TLR2
      ligand in preventing bacterial endophthalmitis. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were given
      intravitreal injections of Pam3Cys, a synthetic ligand of TLR2, or vehicle
      (phosphate-buffered saline) 24 h prior to Staphylococcus aureus inoculation. The
      severity of endophthalmitis was graded by slit lamp, electroretinography,
      histological examinations, and determination of bacterial load in the retina. The
      expression of cytokines/chemokines and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide
      was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot, respectively.
      RESULTS: Intravitreal injections of Pam3Cys up-regulated TLR2 expression in the
      retina of C57BL/6 mice, and Pam3Cys pretreatment significantly improved the
      outcome of S. aureus endophthalmitis, preserved retinal structural integrity, and
      maintained visual function as assessed by electroretinography in C57BL/6 mice.
      Furthermore, Pam3Cys pretreatment activated retinal microglia cells, induced the
      expression of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide, and remarkably reduced
      the bacterial load. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that highlights the
      existence and role of TLR2 in retinal innate immune response to S. aureus
      infection and suggests that modulation of TLR activation provides a novel
      prophylactic approach to prevent bacterial endophthalmitis.

PMID- 19995267
TI  - Leaf extracts from Moricandia arvensis promote antiproliferation of human cancer
      cells, induce apoptosis, and enhance antioxidant activity.
AB  - The in vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antioxidant activities from leaf
      extracts of Moricandia arvensis, which are used in traditional cooking and
      medicines, were investigated. The MTT assay revealed that only TOF (total
      oligomer flavonoids), ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (Chl), and petroleum ether
      (PE) extracts inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. Apoptosis plays a very
      important role in the treatment of cancer by promoting the apoptosis of cancer
      cells and limiting the concurrent death of normal cells. Thus, the possible
      effects of M. arvensis extracts on the induction of apoptosis in human leukemic
      cells (K562 cells) were investigated. The electrophoretic analysis of DNA
      fragmentation confirms that TOF, Chl, PE, and EA extracts provoke DNA
      fragmentation. Using the lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay, the antioxidant
      capacity of M. arvensis extracts was evaluated by the ability of each extract to
      inhibit malondialdehyde formation. It was revealed that EA and TOF extracts are
      the most active in scavenging the hydroxyl radicals.

PMID- 19995268
TI  - Achieving teamwork in stroke units: the contribution of opportunistic dialogue.
AB  - Collaborative interdisciplinary working is central to contemporary health policy.
      The specialized and co-ordinated multidisciplinary care provided in stroke units
      is considered to contribute to improved patient outcomes in such units. However,
      how stroke unit teams co-ordinate their work is not clearly understood. This
      paper reports on a grounded theory study which explains how health professionals
      in two stroke units in northern England achieved teamwork. Data were generated
      through 220 hours of participant observation and 34 semi-structured interviews.
      Interviews were undertaken during and following participant observations. A basic
      social process common to teamworking in both units was identified; this was
      termed "opportunistic dialogue". The division of labour in respect of
      rehabilitation activities was negotiated through this interactional process. Co
      location of most team members led to repeated engagement in sharing patient
      information and in exploring different perspectives. Opportunistic dialoguing
      contributed to mutual learning and explained the shift in thinking and team
      culture as team members moved from concern with discrete disciplinary actions to
      dialogue and negotiations focused on meeting patients' needs. The findings
      indicate that routinely incorporating periods of joint working in which team
      members articulate the reasoning for their decisions and interventions,
      contributes to achieving interdisciplinary teamworking in rehabilitation
      settings.

PMID- 19995269
TI  - Evaluation of an interprofessional collaboration workshop for post-graduate
      residents, nursing and allied health professionals.

PMID- 19995270
TI  - Interprofessional palliative care problem-based learning: evaluation of a pilot
      module as a teaching and learning method.

PMID- 19995271
TI  - Interdisciplinary collaboration in hospice team meetings.
AB  - Hospice and palliative care teams provide interdisciplinary care to seriously-ill
      and terminally-ill patients and their families. Care teams are comprised of
      medical and non-medical disciplines and include volunteers and lay workers in
      healthcare. The authors explored the perception of collaboration among hospice
      team members and actual collaborative communication practices in team meetings.
      The data set consisted of videotaped team meetings, some of which included
      caregiver participation, and team member completion of a survey. Findings
      revealed that the team's reflection on process was most likely to occur in team
      meetings, however least likely to occur when caregivers were present. Although
      team members had a high perception of interdependence and flexibility of roles,
      this was less likely to be enacted in team meetings with and without the presence
      of caregivers. Caregiver participation in team meetings had a positive impact on
      collaborative communication and the potential benefit of caregiver inclusion in
      team meetings is explored.

PMID- 19995272
TI  - Medical students' attitudes toward collaboration between doctors and nurses - a
      comparison between two Swedish universities.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate differences in attitudes towards
      collaboration between doctors and nurses among medical students in two medical
      schools: Gothenburg University (GU), which did not offer interprofessional
      education, and Linkoping University (LiU), with a curriculum containing an
      interprofessional education programme; between male and female students; and
      between those with previous working experience in medical care and those without.
      A questionnaire, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse
      Collaboration, was distributed to 314 first year and final year students at GU
      and LiU: 261 (82%) answers were received. There was no significant difference in
      attitudes toward collaboration, between first students at GU and LiU, between
      final year students at the two universities; and between those who had or did not
      have earlier experience of working in health care. There was a significant
      difference between male and female students (p = 0.0017) implying a more positive
      attitude among female students. Females were in majority among final year
      students (females 80 and males 46) final year, yet, students at both universities
      did not show a more positive attitude towards collaboration, than did first year
      students. It was concluded that students who had an interprofessional thread
      within their medical curriculum did not show different attitudes towards
      collaboration. The impact of the interprofessional teaching and training
      programme is discussed and further, especially longitudinal, studies are
      advocated.

PMID- 19995273
TI  - Complexity, collective learning and the education of interprofessional health
      teams: insights from a university-level course.
AB  - This paper describes a collaborative action research project carried out by the
      author and the instructors of a large university-level interprofessional health
      team course. The research focused on introducing new complexity science-based
      ideas about collective learning to the course's pedagogy and curriculum, and
      tracking resultant changes in both thinking and practice. A number of insights
      emerged from the research, including a deeper understanding of collective
      learning in interprofessional contexts, a questioning of the meaning of consensus
      within teams, and the identification of a special role for trust in
      interprofessional relationships. One significant practical change in the course
      curriculum, which related to these insights, is also described.

PMID- 19995274
TI  - A collaborative approach to home care delivery for older clients: perspectives of
      home care providers.

PMID- 19995275
TI  - Il13 promoter (-1055) polymorphisms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease in Taiwanese.
AB  - Interleukin-13 (IL13) -1055 polymorphism has been implicated in the development
      of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in various studies with
      conflicting results. The aims of this study are to investigate whether IL13 -1055
      polymorphism is associated with the development of COPD in Taiwanese smokers; and
      to determine if IL13 -1055 polymorphism is associated with the severity of COPD.
      A case-control study was conducted on COPD patients (n = 85) and healthy smoker
      (n = 72). Genomic DNA was extracted for genotyping of IL13 sequencing and serum
      IL-13 was measured using by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After
      adjusting smoking index and age confounding, the T-allelic frequencies of the
      IL13 -1055 gene polymorphisms in COPD group are significantly higher than those
      in control group (18.8% versus 1.4%; P < .001; odds ratio [OR] = 29.3; 95%
      confidence interval [CI]: 5.9-145.3); and the frequencies of CT/TT genotypes in
      COPD group are significantly higher than those in control group (27.1% versus
      2.8%; P < .001; OR = 20.0; 95% CI: 3.9-100.8). In COPD patients, stepwise linear
      regression shows IL13 -1055 T allele is the independent factor associated with
      forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P = .007), but not associated with serum IL
      13. In conclusion, IL13 -1055 T allele is associated with the development and
      severity of COPD in Taiwanese smokers.

PMID- 19995276
TI  - Effects of elastase inhibitor on the epithelial cell apoptosis in bleomycin
      induced pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - Alveolar epithelial cell injury and apoptosis is consistent findings in human
      idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Epithelial cell apoptosis is known to be
      induced by leukocyte elastase in vitro. The authors hypothesized that synthetic
      neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat (ONO-5046), can inhibit the bleomycin
      induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats by blocking the apoptotic pathways in
      epithelial cells. Adult rats were injected with intratracheal bleomycin.
      Sivelestat was given for 13 days intraperitoneally after bleomycin treatments.
      Similar experiments were carried out in which A549 cells, a human alveolar type
      II epithelial cell line, were treated with bleomycin or neutrophil elastase. In
      rats, sivelestat decreased neutrophil counts and the cytokine-induced neutrophil
      chemoattractant (CINC)-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of bleomycin
      treated rats. Sivelestat also decreased the bleomycin-induced lung inflammatory
      cell apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3 and -9 activities. In A549 cells,
      sivelestat decreased the elastase-induced epithelial cell apoptosis but not the
      bleomycin-induced epithelial cell apoptosis. Similarly, sivelestat inhibited the
      elastase-induced cell death but not the bleomycin-induced cell death in MTT
      assays. Sivelestat also inhibited the elastase-induced caspase-3 and -9
      activities and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria but did not inhibit the
      bleomycin-induced caspase activities in A549 cells. In conclusion, bleomycin
      caused the lung inflammatory cell apoptosis through the caspase-9 and -3 pathways
      in rats. Sivelestat inhibited pulmonary fibrosis by blocking these mitochondria
      mediated apoptotic pathways in bleomycin-treated rats and in elastase-treated
      A549 cells. These findings suggest that sivelestat can suppress the bleomycin
      induced pulmonary fibrosis by blocking neutrophil chemotaxis and by inhibiting
      the neutrophil elastase-induced lung cell apoptosis in rats.

PMID- 19995277
TI  - The macrolide clarithromycin inhibits experimental post-transplant bronchiolitis
      obliterans.
AB  - Chronic allograft dysfunction in form of bronchiolitis obliterans is the most
      important hurdle to improved longterm survival after clinical lung
      transplantation to date. Recently, it was observed that the progression of
      bronchiolitis obliterans in lung transplant recipients might be inhibited by
      macrolide antibiotics. The authors therefore tested whether macrolide therapy can
      attenuate fibrous obliteration of airways in an animal model of bronchiolitis
      obliterans. Rats with heterotopic tracheal allografts were treated
      intraperitoneally with clarithromycin and compared to untreated transplanted
      animals with respect to allograft histology and expression of selected cytokines.
      At day 21 after transplantation, the tracheal allografts of treated animals were
      free of fibrous material or partially occluded dependent of clarithromycin
      dosage. Untreated animals had completely obliterated allografts. In treated
      animals, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was down-regulated early (5
      days) and late (21 days) post transplant, whereas interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)
      expression was decreased only early after transplantation. Transforming growth
      factor beta (TGF-beta) expression was not affected. Therapy with low-dose
      macrolides in post-transplant obliterative bronchiolitis is based on their
      immunomodulatory rather than antimicrobial properties. In the setting of lung
      transplantation, macrolides primarily act as modulators of the early inflammatory
      response to stressed, damaged, or infected cells.

PMID- 19995278
TI  - The effects of hemodilution on acute inflammatory responses in a bleomycin
      induced lung injury model.
AB  - Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) can be used in acute lung injury (ALI)
      patients who refuse blood transfusions. To investigate the effects of
      hemodilution on the acute inflammatory response in lung injury, the authors
      studied the effects of ANH in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury.
      Bleomycin (10 mg/kg) was used to induce lung injury in 2 groups of rats. The
      treatment groups included a lung injury group with hemodilution (HI), a lung
      injury group without hemodilution (NHI), and a control group. Hemodilution was
      performed by removing blood and substituting the same amount of hydroxyethyl
      starch solution targeted to 7.0 g/dL via the right and left internal jugular
      veins. At day 3 after bleomycin instillation, systemic hemoglobin concentration
      was 9.5 +/- 1.1 g/dL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and
      interleukin-6 levels measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood,
      and lung tissue were not significantly different between the HI and NHI groups 3
      days after lung injury. Microscopic findings showed fibrosis and inflammation in
      the HI and NHI groups 28 days after lung injury, but no significant differences
      were found between the 2 groups. Hemodilution after bleomycin administration did
      not further affect the acute inflammatory response or lung injury.

PMID- 19995279
TI  - Pleural effects of indium phosphide in B6C3F1 mice: nonfibrous particulate
      induced pleural fibrosis.
AB  - The mechanism(s) by which chronic inhalation of indium phosphide (InP) particles
      causes pleural fibrosis is not known. Few studies of InP pleural toxicity have
      been conducted because of the challenges in conducting particulate inhalation
      exposures, and because the pleural lesions developed slowly over the 2-year
      inhalation study. The authors investigated whether InP (1 mg/kg) administered by
      a single oropharyngeal aspiration would cause pleural fibrosis in male B6C3F1
      mice. By 28 days after treatment, protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were
      significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but were
      unchanged in pleural lavage fluid (PLF). A pronounced pleural effusion
      characterized by significant increases in cytokines and a 3.7-fold increase in
      cell number was detected 28 days after InP treatment. Aspiration of soluble
      InCl(3) caused a similar delayed pleural effusion; however, other soluble metals,
      insoluble particles, and fibers did not. The effusion caused by InP was
      accompanied by areas of pleural thickening and inflammation at day 28, and by
      pleural fibrosis at day 98. Aspiration of InP produced pleural fibrosis that was
      histologically similar to lesions caused by chronic inhalation exposure, and in a
      shorter time period. This oropharyngeal aspiration model was used to provide an
      initial characterization of the progression of pleural lesions caused by InP.

PMID- 19995280
TI  - Nuclear factor kappa B induction in airway epithelium increases lung inflammation
      in allergen-challenged mice.
AB  - Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a critical transcription factor for the
      production of many inflammatory cytokines. It is activated in the airway
      epithelium of human asthmatics and in mice after allergic stimulation. To examine
      the role of NF-kappa B activation in allergic inflammation, the authors generated
      transgenic mouse lines that allowed for the inducible stimulation of NF-kappa B
      in airway epithelial cells. After allergic sensitization with ovalbumin and alum,
      mice were challenged daily with ovalbumin aerosols and NF-kappa B was activated
      in airway epithelium by administration of doxycycline. Enhancement of airway
      epithelial NF-kappa B expression alone did not lead to increased airway
      responsiveness to methacholine. However, induction of epithelial NF-kappa B
      during allergic inflammation caused airway hyperresponsiveness, increased airway
      neutrophilic and lymphocytic inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia.
      Accompanying the exaggerated inflammation was an increase in the cytokines
      granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-15, and KC.
      Interestingly, the counter regulatory interleukin, IL-10, was suppressed by NF
      kappa B activation. The epithelial NF-kappa B dependent modulation of these
      cytokines provides a plausible explanation for the increased inflammation seen
      with overexpression of NF-kappa B. Modulation of airway epithelial NF-kappa B
      activation enhances the airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion found in
      the mouse lung during allergic inflammation. NF-kappa B represents a potential
      target for pharmacologic intervention in human asthma.

PMID- 19995286
TI  - The good news about bad news and oncologists.

PMID- 19995287
TI  - Is it reliable to use cellular phones for symptom assessment in palliative care?
      Report on a study in patients with advanced cancer.

PMID- 19995283
TI  - Sequence-specific correction of genomic hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase mutations in lymphoblasts by small fragment homologous replacement.
AB  - Oligo/polynucleotide-based gene targeting strategies provide new options for
      achieving sequence-specific modification of genomic DNA and have implications for
      the development of new therapies and transgenic animal models. One such gene
      modification strategy, small fragment homologous replacement (SFHR), was
      evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in human lymphoblasts that contain a
      single base substitution in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
      (HPRT1) gene. Because HPRT1 mutant cells are readily discernable from those
      expressing the wild type (wt) gene through growth in selective media, it was
      possible to identify and isolate cells that have been corrected by SFHR.
      Transfection of HPRT1 mutant cells with polynucleotide small DNA fragments (SDFs)
      comprising wild type HPRT1 (wtHPRT1) sequences resulted in clones of cells that
      grew in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) medium. Initial studies
      quantifying the efficiency of correction in 3 separate experiments indicate
      frequencies ranging from 0.1% to 2%. Sequence analysis of DNA and RNA showed
      correction of the HPRT1 mutation. Random integration was not indicated after
      transfection of the mutant cells with an SDF comprised of green fluorescent
      protein (GFP) sequences that are not found in human genomic DNA. Random
      integration was also not detected following Southern blot hybridization analysis
      of an individual corrected cell clone.

PMID- 19995288
TI  - Is the principle of equal access for all applied in practice to palliative care
      for the elderly?

PMID- 19995289
TI  - Culture of death denial: relevant or rhetoric in medical education?

PMID- 19995290
TI  - Long hours, luck, and a cast of thousands.

PMID- 19995291
TI  - Associations between United States acculturation and the end-of-life experience
      of caregivers of patients with advanced cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cultural beliefs and values influence treatment preferences for and
      experiences with end-of-life (EOL) care among racial and ethnic groups. Within
      group variations, however, may exist based on level of acculturation. OBJECTIVES:
      To examine the extent to which EOL treatment factors (EOL treatment preferences
      and physician-caregiver communication) and select psychosocial factors (mental
      health, complementary therapies, and internal and external social support) differ
      based on the level of acculturation of caregivers of patients with advanced
      cancer. METHODS: One hundred sixty-seven primary caregivers of patients with
      advanced cancer were interviewed as part of the multisite, prospective Coping
      with Cancer Study. RESULTS: Caregivers who were less acculturated were more
      positively predisposed to use of a feeding tube at EOL (odds ratio [OR] 0.99 [p =
      0.05]), were more likely to perceive that they received too much information from
      their doctors (OR 0.95 [p = 0.05]), were less likely to use mental health
      services (OR 1.03 [p = 0.003] and OR 1.02 [p = 0.02]), and desire additional
      services (OR 1.03 [p = 0.10] to 1.05 [p = 0.009]) than their more acculturated
      counterparts. Additionally, caregivers who were less acculturated cared for
      patients who were less likely to report having a living will (OR 1.03 [p =
      0.0003]) or durable power of attorney for health care (OR 1.02 [p = 0.007]) than
      more acculturated caregivers. Caregivers who were less acculturated felt their
      religious and spiritual needs were supported by both the community (beta -0.28 [p
      = 0.0003]) and medical system (beta -0.38 [p < 0.0001]), had higher degrees of
      self-efficacy (beta -0.22 [p = 0.005]), and had stronger family relationships and
      support (beta -0.27 [p = 0.0004]). CONCLUSIONS: The level of acculturation of
      caregivers of patients with advanced cancer does contribute to differences in EOL
      preferences and EOL medical decision-making.

PMID- 19995292
TI  - Medical management of bowel obstructions, 2nd edition #45.

PMID- 19995293
TI  - Invasive treatment options for malignant bowel obstruction #119.

PMID- 19995296
TI  - Patient-physician boundaries in palliative care training: a case study and
      discussion.
AB  - Abstract The subject of patient-physician boundaries has been most extensively
      explored in the psychiatric literature, but to date, little has been published
      about this concept within the realm of palliative care. Some palliative care
      physicians may be particularly susceptible to boundary crossings due to the
      intensity and intimacy of the bonds that form with patients at the end-of-life.
      We illustrate the concept of boundary crossings and violations in palliative care
      using the case of a palliative care trainee who experiences difficulties in
      maintaining boundaries with a dying patient. We discuss the nature of the patient
      physician relationship using role theory and discuss how the formation of dual
      roles can be detrimental to the patient-physician relationship. Finally, we
      explore why palliative care practitioners and trainees are particularly
      vulnerable to crossing boundaries and how to recognize and manage these crossings
      when they occur.

PMID- 19995304
TI  - A study of femoral neck fracture repair using a recombinant human bone
      morphogenetic protein-2 directional release system.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Significant difficulties are caused by the delayed union of femoral
      neck fractures. To address this issue, we designed a new device that applies
      recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to promote fracture
      union. METHODS: A cannulated screw with holes was used to deliver rhBMP-2 to the
      fracture site. Fibrin glue was used as an adhesive agent to hold rhBMP-2 in the
      vicinity of fracture. RhBMP-2 was protected with polylactide-glycolide acid
      microspheres. RhBMP-2 release was evaluated to determine the effect of the
      improved screws. RESULT: When polylactide-glycolide acid microspheres were used,
      3.65% of the rhBMP-2 was released in the first 2 h, 5.17% was released within 8
      h, and 8.95% was released within 24 h. In the microsphere + fibrin glue group,
      1.15% of the rhBMP-2 was released in the first 2 h, 1.75% was released within 8
      h, and 6.68% was released within 24 h. Over 42 days, about 76.75% of the rhBMP-2
      was released when using fibrin glue, which was lower than the amount released
      using microspheres alone (91.75%). In dog, a faster repair rate was observed on
      the side with the improved screw than on the side with traditional screw.
      CONCLUSION: The directional release system described here can improve the process
      of fracture healing and is a promising technique for repairing femoral neck
      fracture.

PMID- 19995305
TI  - A common feature-based 3D-pharmacophore model generation and virtual screening:
      identification of potential PfDHFR inhibitors.
AB  - A four-feature 3D-pharmacophore model was built from a set of 24 compounds whose
      activities were reported against the V1/S strain of the Plasmodium falciparum
      dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) enzyme. This is an enzyme harboring Asn51Ile +
      Cys59Arg + Ser108Asn + Ile164Leu mutations. The HipHop module of the Catalyst
      program was used to generate the model. Selection of the best model among the 10
      hypotheses generated by HipHop was carried out based on rank and best-fit values
      or alignments of the training set compounds onto a particular hypothesis. The
      best model (hypo1) consisted of two H-bond donors, one hydrophobic aromatic, and
      one hydrophobic aliphatic features. Hypo1 was used as a query to virtually screen
      Maybridge2004 and NCI2000 databases. The hits obtained from the search were
      subsequently subjected to FlexX and Glide docking studies. Based on the binding
      scores and interactions in the active site of quadruple-mutant PfDHFR, a set of
      nine hits were identified as potential inhibitors.

PMID- 19995306
TI  - Pivotal role of curcuminoids on the antimutagenic activity of Curcuma zedoaria
      extracts.
AB  - In an investigation of the mutagenic activity of two extracts from rhizomes of
      Curcuma zedoaria (the mathanolic, CME, and the aqueous, CAE) and antimutagenic
      activity against mutagens, either 2-amino-3-methylimidazo (4,5-f) quinoline (IQ)
      or 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO), in dosages of 1-50 microg/plate was assayed
      by using Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains. We found
      that the two extracts showed no mutagenicity when tested with all the tester
      strains either with or without the S9 mix. Moreover, the two extracts,
      particularly CME, presented a greater antimutagenicity than CAE did either in IQ
      or 4-NQO mutagens. However, the inhibition effect on lipid peroxidation was
      similar with both extracts. The amount of major antioxidants beta-carotene,
      ascorbic acid, and total polyphenols present in both CME and CAE were similar
      between each other. In contrast, the content of cucuminoids (44.3 mg/g extract)
      in CME were only found in small amounts in CAE (0.09 mg/g extract). Consequently,
      although both of the extracts showed similar antioxidant effects, the
      curcuminoids, which seem to be the main active principles from this plant, were
      suggested to play a pivotal role in antimutagenic activity.

PMID- 19995307
TI  - A subchronic murine intravenous pharmacokinetic and toxicity study of HematideTM,
      a PEGylated peptidic erythropoiesis-stimulating agent.
AB  - The subchronic toxicity of HematideTM, a synthetic PEGylated peptidic
      erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), was evaluated in CD-1 mice at intravenous
      doses of 0, 1, 5, 25, and 125 mg/kg administered once every 3 weeks for 3 months.
      Hematide displayed sustained plasma levels with reduced clearance and prolonged
      half-lives up to 59.4 hours that translated into sustained, pronounced
      polycythemia, bone marrow hyperplasia, and splenic and liver extramedullary
      hematopoiesis. Toxicological findings were considered to be secondary to
      exaggerated pharmacology, rather than a direct drug effect, and included
      mortality at >=25 mg/kg/dose. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level was determined
      to be 5 mg/kg.

PMID- 19995308
TI  - A 90-day intravenous administration toxicity study of CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 glass
      ceramics (BGS-7) in rat.
AB  - CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)-B(2)O(3) glass ceramics directly bond to bone and have
      potential use as a bone substitute material. The present study evaluated the
      toxicity from subchronic intravenous administration of CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)
      B(2)O(3) glass ceramics to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were
      divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 male and 10 female rats, and
      administered different amounts of CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)-B(2)O(3) glass ceramics
      (aqueous extract 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mL/kg body weight/day and saline) 7 days per
      week for 90 consecutive days. During the experiment, no deaths were observed in
      any groups, and there were no remarkable changes in clinical signs, body weight,
      food and water intake, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ
      weight, and histopathological findings between the control and treated groups.
      The results show no adverse toxic effects of CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)-B(2)O(3) glass
      ceramics (aqueous extract 5 mL/kg body weight/day) to rats of either sex.

PMID- 19995309
TI  - Comparison of influence of carmustine and new proline analog of nitrosourea on
      antioxidant system in breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7).
AB  - The high toxicity and low selectivity of carmustine restrict its application in
      anticancer therapy. Therefore, proline analogs of nitrosourea have been
      synthesized to obtain compounds whose action on neoplastic cells is characterized
      by higher selectivity. The present studies have aimed at examining the influence
      of carmustine and a new proline analog of nitrosourea on the redox system of
      fibroblasts and breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Carmustine and the proline analog of
      nitrosourea caused an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration both in
      fibroblasts and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, administration of carmustine and the new
      analog of nitrosourea caused a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
      Observed changes in the antioxidant system correlated with an increase in
      concentration of dityrosine, as well as a decrease in tryptophan concentration.
      Changes in the antioxidant system were also accompanied by intensification of the
      lipid peroxidation process. In conclusion, carmustine and proline analog of
      nitrosourea produce similar changes in the antioxidant system in normal and
      cancer cells and are responsible for oxidative stress.

PMID- 19995310
TI  - Ischaemia-modified albumin in pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be associated with subendocardial
      ischaemia. We investigated whether ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA), an
      established marker of ischaemia, is elevated in stable patients with PH. METHODS:
      We studied 32 patients with PH and an equal number of age-matched normal
      volunteers. We assessed serum IMA levels with the albumin cobalt-binding test.
      RESULTS: Patients' mean +/- SD (range) pulmonary arterial pressure was 56 +/- 12
      (33-73) mmHg and their exercise capacity was 394 +/- 145 (121-688) m in the 6-min
      walk test. IMA was 92 +/- 14 (69-115) U ml(-1) in the patient group and 93 +/-
      9.4 (76-122) U ml(-1) in the control group with no significant difference between
      the two (p = 0.85), although almost one-third of the patients had detectable
      troponin-I. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that IMA, a marker of ischaemia, does not
      differ in patients with advanced clinically stable PH compared with normal
      subjects.

PMID- 19995311
TI  - Joint prosthetic infections: a success story or a continuous concern?

PMID- 19995312
TI  - Inadequate timing of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopedic surgery. We can do
      better.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are rising concerns about the frequency of
      infection after arthroplasty surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics are an important
      part of the preventive measures. As their effect is related to the timing of
      administration, it is important to follow how the routines with preoperative
      prophylactic antibiotics are working. METHODS: In 114 consecutive cases treated
      at our own university clinic in Lund during 2008, the time of administration of
      preoperative prophylactic antibiotic in relation to the start of surgery was
      recorded from a computerized operation report. In 291 other cases of primary
      total knee arthroplasty (TKA), randomly selected from the Swedish Knee
      Arthroplasty Register (SKAR), the type and dose of prophylactic antibiotic as
      well as the time of administration in relation to the inflation of a tourniquet
      and to the start of surgery was recorded from anesthetic records. RESULTS: 45%
      (95% CI: 36-54) of the patients operated in Lund and 57% (CI: 50-64) of the TKAs
      randomly selected from the SKAR received the preoperative antibiotic 15-45 min
      before the start of surgery. 53% (CI: 46-61) received antibiotics 15-45 min
      before inflation of a tourniquet. INTERPRETATION: The inadequate timing of
      prophylactic antibiotics indicates that the standards of strict antiseptic and
      aseptic routines in arthroplasty surgery are falling. The use of a simple
      checklist to ensure the surgical safety may be one way of reducing infections in
      arthroplasty surgery.

PMID- 19995313
TI  - Increasing risk of revision due to deep infection after hip arthroplasty.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Over the decades, improvements in surgery and
      perioperative routines have reduced the incidence of deep infections after total
      hip arthroplasty (THA). There is, however, some evidence to suggest that the
      incidence of infection is increasing again. We assessed the risk of revision due
      to deep infection for primary THAs reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty
      Register (NAR) over the period 1987-2007. METHOD: We included all primary
      cemented and uncemented THAs reported to the NAR from September 15, 1987 to
      January 1, 2008 and performed adjusted Cox regression analyses with the first
      revision due to deep infection as endpoint. Changes in revision rate as a
      function of the year of operation were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 97,344
      primary THAs that met the inclusion criteria, 614 THAs had been revised due to
      deep infection (5-year survival 99.46%). Risk of revision due to deep infection
      increased throughout the period studied. Compared to the THAs implanted in 1987
      1992, the risk of revision due to infection was 1.3 times higher (95%CI: 1.0-1.7)
      for those implanted in 1993-1997, 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.2-2.0) for those implanted
      in 1998-2002, and 3.0 times (95% CI: 2.2-4.0) for those implanted in 2003-2007.
      The most pronounced increase in risk of being revised due to deep infection was
      for the subgroup of uncemented THAs from 2003-2007, which had an increase of 5
      times (95% CI: 2.6-11) compared to uncemented THAs from 1987-1992.
      INTERPRETATION: The incidence of deep infection after THA increased during the
      period 1987-2007. Concomitant changes in confounding factors, however, complicate
      the interpretation of the results.

PMID- 19995314
TI  - The association between metal allergy, total hip arthroplasty, and revision.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been speculated that the prevalence of metal
      allergy may be higher in patients with implant failure. We compared the
      prevalence and cause of revisions following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in
      dermatitis patients suspected to have contact allergy and in patients in general
      with THA. Furthermore, we compared the prevalence of metal allergy in dermatitis
      patients with and without THA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Danish Hip Arthroplasty
      Registry (DHAR) contained detailed information on 90,697 operations. The Gentofte
      patch-test database contained test results for patients suspected of having
      allergic contact dermatitis (n = 18,794). Cases (n = 356) were defined as patch
      tested dermatitis patients who also had primary THA performed. Two age- and sex
      matched controls (n = 712) from the patch-test database were sought for each
      case. RESULTS: The prevalence of revision was similar in cases (12%) and in
      patients from the DHAR (13%). The prevalence of metal allergy was similar in
      cases and controls. However, the prevalence of metal allergy was lower in cases
      who were patch-tested after operation (6%) than in those who were patch-tested
      before operation (16%) (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1-8). INTERPRETATION: We found that
      the risk of surgical revision was not increased in patients with metal allergies
      and that the risk of metal allergy was not increased in cases who were operated,
      in comparison to controls. Despite some important study limitations, our
      observations add to the evidence that the risk of complications in metal allergic
      patients seems limited.

PMID- 19995315
TI  - Necrotic and inflammatory changes in metal-on-metal resurfacing hip
      arthroplasties.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Necrosis and inflammation in peri-implant soft tissues have been
      described in failed second-generation metal-on-metal (MoM) resurfacing hip
      arthroplasties and in the pseudotumors associated with these implants. The
      precise frequency and significance of these tissue changes is unknown. METHOD: We
      analyzed morphological and immunophenotypic changes in the periprosthetic soft
      tissues and femoral heads of 52 revised MoM arthroplasties (fracture in 21,
      pseudotumor in 13, component loosening in 9, and other causes in 9 cases).
      RESULTS: Substantial necrosis was observed in the periprosthetic connective
      tissue in 28 of the cases, including all pseudotumors, and 5 cases of component
      loosening. A heavy, diffuse inflammatory cell infiltrate composed mainly of HLA
      DR+/CD14+/CD68+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells was seen in 45 of the cases.
      Perivascular lymphoid aggregates composed of CD3+ cells and CD20+ B cells were
      noted in 27 of the cases, but they were not seen in all cases of component
      loosening or pseudotumors. Plasma cells were noted in 30 cases. Macrophage
      granulomas were noted in 6 cases of component loosening. In the bone marrow of
      the femoral head, a macrophage and T cell response was seen in 31 of the cases;
      lymphoid aggregates were noted in 19 of the cases and discrete granulomas in 1
      case. INTERPRETATION: Our findings indicate that there is a spectrum of necrotic
      and inflammatory changes in response to the deposition of cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr)
      wear particles in periprosthetic tissues. Areas of extensive coagulative necrosis
      and a macrophage and T lymphocyte response occur in implant failure and
      pseudotumors, in which there is also granuloma formation. The pathogenesis of
      these changes is uncertain but it may involve both a cytotoxic response and a
      delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) response to Co-Cr particles.

PMID- 19995316
TI  - Bone density of the femoral neck following Birmingham hip resurfacing.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Resurfacing is a popular alternative to a standard hip replacement in
      young arthritic patients. Despite bone preservation around the femoral component,
      there is little information regarding the bone quality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 32
      patients underwent consecutive Birmingham hip resurfacing. The bone density of
      the femoral neck was measured preoperatively and then at 6 weeks, 3 months, 1
      year, and 2 years. The femoral neck was divided into regions of interest. Results
      were available for 27 hips in 26 patients. RESULTS: The overall femoral neck bone
      density showed a trend towards a decrease at 6 weeks and 3 months but returned to
      the preoperative level at 1 year, and was maintained at 2 years. The combined
      superior regions of the neck showed a statistically significant decrease in bone
      density at 6 weeks and 3 months. This returned to preoperative levels at 1 year
      and was maintained at 2 years. INTERPRETATION: Bone density appears to decrease
      at 6 weeks and 3 months, suggesting that care is necessary until bone density
      begins to recover.

PMID- 19995317
TI  - Osteonecrosis following resurfacing arthroplasty.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: One of the main concerns regarding resurfacing
      arthroplasty is the viability of the remaining part of the femoral head, and the
      postoperative risk of a femoral neck fracture or collapse. In contrast to
      radiographic methods, positron emission tomography using the radiotracer [18F]
      fluoride (Fluoride-PET) enables us to visualize the viability of bone in the
      remaining part of the head, despite the presence of the covering metal component.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is preliminary prospective study of 14 patients who
      underwent an ASR resurfacing arthroplasty. Apart from clinical and radiographic
      analyses, all patients were analyzed by PET scan 1 week, 4 months, and 1 year
      after surgery. RESULTS: 1 patient had a minor region of osteonecrosis on PET scan
      at 1 week and at 4 months. After 1 year, the necrosis had increased to include
      most of the head. 2 other patients, normal at 4 months, had developed equally
      large osteonecrosis at 1 year. A fourth patient had a minor osteonecrosis at 1
      year. None of the patients had clinical symptoms, and the necrotic areas were not
      visible on plain radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: We found Fluoride PET to be a
      sensitive and useful method for evaluation of bone metabolism at resurfacing
      arthroplasty. 3 of the 14 patients had developed osteonecrosis, involving most of
      the head at 1 year. The late onset of the phenomenon does not support the
      hypothesis of surgically damaged vascularity. The presence of this complication
      together with the lack of visibility on plain radiographs gives reason for
      concern.

PMID- 19995318
TI  - Analysis of polyethylene wear in plain radiographs.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Two-dimensional computerized radiographic techniques are
      frequently used to measure in vivo polyethylene (PE) wear after total hip
      arthroplasty (THA), and several variables in the clinical set-up may influence
      the amount of wear that is measured. We compared the repeatability and concurrent
      validity of linear PE wear on plain radiographs using the same software but a
      different number of radiographs. METHODS: We used either 1, 2, or 6
      anteroposterior (AP) hip radiographs of 11 patients from a clinical THA series
      with 12 years of follow-up, and measured the PE wear with the software PolyWare
      3D Pro. Repeatability within and concurrent validity between the different
      numbers of radiograph strategies were assessed using limits of agreement (LOAs)
      and bias. RESULTS: Observed median wear (range) in mm was 3.4 (1.6-4.6), 2.3 (0.7
      4.9), and 4.0 (2.6-6.2) for the 1-, 2-, and 6-radiograph strategies. For
      repeatability, no bias (p > 0.41) was observed. LOAs around the bias were + or -
      0.6, + or - 0.4, and + or - 1.2 mm for the 1-, 2-, and 6-radiograph strategies.
      For concurrent validity, a bias (+ or - LOA) between all pairwise comparisons was
      observed (p < 0.02) with 0.8 mm (+ or - 2.5) between the 1- and 2-radiograph
      strategies, 1.0 mm (+ or - 2.2) between the 1- and 6-radiograph strategies, and
      1.8 mm (+ or - 1.2) between the 2- and 6-radiograph strategies. INTERPRETATION:
      The number of radiographs used for wear measurement with a shadow-casting
      analysis method on plain AP radiographs influences the amount of linear wear
      measured. Results of PE wear obtained with PolyWare in studies using a different
      number of radiographs are not comparable.

PMID- 19995319
TI  - Delayed hospitalization increases mortality in displaced femoral neck fracture
      patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reports regarding the relationship between delayed
      surgery and mortality in femoral neck fracture patients are contradictory. We
      could not find any study in the literature investigating delayed arrival to
      hospital and delayed surgery as separate factors affecting mortality in femoral
      neck fracture patients, which was the purpose of our study. PATIENTS AND METHODS:
      We analyzed 265 consecutive patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. We
      recorded the time period from trauma to admission, and to surgery, and correlated
      it to mortality during the first postoperative year. RESULTS: We found that
      arrival within 6 hours had 0.4 times (CI 0.2-0.8) reduction of the risk of death
      within 1 year compared to those who arrived later, whereas delayed surgery after
      admission did not have a statistically significant effect on mortality.
      INTERPRETATION: Femoral neck fracture patients who arrived at hospital 6 hours or
      later after the trauma had increased mortality.

PMID- 19995320
TI  - Long-term psychosocial functioning after Ilizarov limb lengthening during
      childhood.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few studies have been concerned with the patient's
      perception of the outcome of limb lengthening. We describe the psychological and
      social functioning after at least 2 years of follow-up in patients who had had a
      leg length discrepancy and who had undergone an Ilizarov limb lengthening
      procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Self-esteem and perceived competence were
      measured in 37 patients (aged 17-30 years) both preoperatively and at a mean
      follow-up of 7 (2-14) years. At follow-up, health-related quality of life,
      functioning at school, daily activities, and treatment-related experiences were
      measured, and also retrospectively for the preoperative period. RESULTS:
      Preoperative and follow-up scores for self-esteem were similar. Overall perceived
      competence scores at follow-up were comparable to that of a healthy normal
      population. Patients' perceived athletic competence was lower and their perceived
      level of behavioral conduct was higher. At follow-up, patients had more positive
      appraisal of their physical appearance. Most health-related quality of life
      scores were not significantly different to those of the healthy normal
      population, apart from a reduced gross motor function, less vitality, and more
      pain. Patients with a remaining leg length inequality (LLI) of more than 2 cm had
      lower quality of life scores for gross motor function, sleep, pain, vitality, and
      depressive feelings. INTERPRETATION: At an average of 7 years after an Ilizarov
      limb lengthening procedure, patients still have physical restraints, but they
      appear to have normal psychosocial functioning, self-esteem, and perceived
      competence. These patients have quality of life scores comparable to those of
      norm groups, apart from a reduced gross motor function, less vitality and more
      pain. Residual LLI of more than 2 cm remains important even after long-term
      follow-up; these patients report lower quality of life.

PMID- 19995321
TI  - Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a common genetically and
      clinically heterogeneous skeletal dysplasia characterized by early-onset
      osteoarthritis, mainly in the hip and knee, and mild-to-moderate short stature.
      Here we report on a 6-generation MED family with 17 affected members. METHOD: The
      clinical and radiographic data on the 12 affected members still living were
      scrutinized. A structured inquiry comprising state of health and MED-related
      symptoms since birth up to the present time and the osteoarthritis outcome (KOOS)
      questionnaire were sent to all living family members with MED. The 5 known gene
      loci for autosomal dominant MED were analyzed for linkage, using fluorescence
      labeled microsatellite markers. Linkage was ascertained with markers close to the
      COL9A2 gene, which was analyzed for mutations by sequencing. RESULTS: We
      identified an exon 3 donor splice mutation in the COL9A2 gene in all affected
      family members. Clinical, radiographic, and questionnaire data from affected
      family members suggested that MED caused by COL9A2 mutations starts in early
      childhood with knee pain accompanied by delayed ossification of femoral
      epiphyses. The disease then either stabilizes during puberty or progresses with
      additional joints becoming affected; joint surgery might be necessary. The
      progression of the disease also affects muscles, with increasing atrophy,
      resulting in muscle fatigue and pain. Muscular atrophy has not been reported
      earlier in cases with COL9A2 mutations. INTERPRETATION: In a patient with
      clinically suspected or verified MED, it is important to perform DNA-based
      analysis to identify a possible disease-causing mutation. This information can be
      used to carry out genetic risk assessment of other family members and to achieve
      an early and correct diagnosis in the children.

PMID- 19995322
TI  - Parathyroid hormone PTH(1-34) increases the volume, mineral content, and
      mechanical properties of regenerated mineralizing tissue after distraction
      osteogenesis in rabbits.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has attracted considerable
      interest as a bone anabolic agent. Recently, it has been suggested that PTH can
      also enhance bone repair after fracture and distraction osteogenesis. We analyzed
      bone density and strength of the newly regenerated mineralized tissue after
      intermittent treatment with PTH in rabbits, which undergo Haversian bone
      remodeling similar to that in humans. METHODS: 72 New Zealand White rabbits
      underwent tibial mid-diaphyseal osteotomy and the callus was distracted 1 mm/day
      for 10 days. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups, which received injections of
      PTH 25 microg/kg/day for 30 days, saline for 10 days and PTH 25 microg/kg/day for
      20 days, or saline for 30 days. At the end of the study, the rabbits were killed
      and the bone density was evaluated with DEXA. The mechanical bone strength was
      determined by use of a 3-point bending test. RESULTS: In the 2 PTH-treated groups
      the regenerate callus ultimate load was 33% and 30% higher, absorbed energy was
      100% and 65% higher, BMC was 61% and 60% higher, and callus tissue volume was
      179% and 197% higher than for the control group. INTERPRETATION: We found that
      treatment with PTH during distraction osteogenesis resulted in substantially
      higher mineralized tissue volume, mineral content, and bending strength. This
      suggests that treatment with PTH may benefit new bone formation during
      distraction osteogenesis and could form a basis for clinical application of this
      therapy in humans.

PMID- 19995323
TI  - High systemic gentamicin levels and ototoxicity after implantation of gentamicin
      beads in a 70-year-old man--a case report.

PMID- 19995324
TI  - PET scanning for evaluation of bone metabolism.

PMID- 19995325
TI  - Hospital visits and costs following outpatient treatment of CAP with levofloxacin
      or moxifloxacin.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hospital admissions (inpatient and emergency room) are a major source
      of medical costs for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) initially treated in the
      outpatient setting. Current CAP treatment guidelines do not differentiate between
      outpatient treatment with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. OBJECTIVE: Compare
      health care resource use and medical costs to payers for CAP outpatients
      initiating treatment with levofloxacin or moxifloxacin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
      METHODS: CAP episodes were identified in the PharMetrics database between 2Q04
      and 2Q07 based on: pneumonia diagnosis, chest X-ray and treatment with
      levofloxacin or moxifloxacin. Subsequent 30-day risk of pneumonia-related
      hospital visits and 30-day health care costs to payers for levofloxacin vs.
      moxifloxacin treatment were estimated after adjusting for pre-treatment
      demographics, health care resource use and pneumonia-specific risk factors using
      propensity score and exact factor matching. RESULTS: A total of 15,472
      levofloxacin- and 6474 moxifloxacin-initiated CAP patients were identified. Among
      6352 matched pairs, levofloxacin treatment was associated with a 35% reduction in
      the odds of pneumonia-related hospital visits (odds ratio = 0.65, P = 0.004),
      lower per-patient costs for pneumonia-related hospital visits (102 dollars vs.
      210 dollars, P = 0.001), lower pneumonia-related total costs (medical services
      and prescription drugs, 363 dollars vs. 491 dollars, P < 0.001) and lower total
      costs (1308 dollars vs. 1446 dollars, P < 0.001) vs. moxifloxacin over the 30-day
      observation period. LIMITATIONS: Although observational analyses of claims data
      provide large sample sizes and reflect routine care, they do have several
      inherent limitations. Since randomization of subjects is not possible, adequate
      statistical techniques must be used to ensure that patient characteristics are
      well-balanced between treatment groups. In addition, data may be missing or
      miscoded. CONCLUSIONS: CAP outpatients initiated with levofloxacin generated
      substantially lower costs to payers compared to matched patients initiated with
      moxifloxacin. The cost savings for patients initiated with levofloxacin were
      largely attributable to reduced rates of pneumonia-related hospitalization or ER
      visits.

PMID- 19995326
TI  - Prediction of cardiovascular event risk reduction from lipid changes associated
      with high potency dyslipidemia therapy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data suggests for every 1% reduction in LDL-C there
      is a corresponding 1-1.5% reduction in cardiovascular events (CVEs).
      Additionally, for every 2-3% increase in HDL-C there is a reduction in CVEs by 2
      4% that is independent of LDL-C. With numerous treatment options for managing
      dyslipidemia, it is important to evaluate agents that result in the greatest
      reduction of CVEs. OBJECTIVE: To compare current high-potency dyslipidemia
      pharmacotherapy with respect to changes in LDL-C and HDL-C and estimate risk
      reductions for CVEs. METHODS: This study is an analysis of existing published
      studies for dyslipidemia products marketed in the US. Literature searches were
      conducted using Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Embase, and
      CINAH to identify trials for niacin extended-release and lovastatin (NER/L);
      niacin extended-release and simvastatin (NER/S); rosuvastatin (R); and,
      ezetimibe/simvastatin (E/S) from database inception to 1 May 2009. Demographics
      and changes from baseline in LDL-C and HDL-C were abstracted and HDL-C to LDL-C
      change (%Delta-lipids) was created for each therapy. Using a previously validated
      model the percent reduction in CVEs was estimated for each treatment strategy.
      RESULTS: Data for 177 treatment arms (120 unique reports), accounting for drug
      and dose were abstracted. The range in mean +/- SD %Delta-lipids depending on
      drug dose was: E/S, 58 +/- 6 to 67 +/- 3; R, 51 +/- 5 to 65 +/- 5; NER/L, 33 +/-
      7 to 75 +/- 7; and NER/S, 48 to 77 +/- 4. Risk reductions were greatest for
      NER/statin combinations, with percent risk reductions greater than 77% for NER/S,
      2000 mg/10 mg and 83% NER/S, 2000 mg/40 mg. Ignoring medication strengths,
      reductions in CVEs ranged from 58% for R, 60% for E/S, 61% for NER/L, and 72% for
      NER/S. LIMITATIONS: There are several potential limitations associated with this
      study including: publication bias, English only search, limited published studies
      with NER in combination with L or S, adherent populations, and aggregation of
      multiple populations. CONCLUSION: The results of the analysis suggest that
      greater risk reductions in CVEs occur with combination therapies, especially
      those including niacin extended-release (NER). Up to an 83% risk reduction was
      estimated for the highest doses of NER and simvastatin (NER/S).

PMID- 19995327
TI  - The amnesiac gene is involved in the regulation of thermal nociception in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Nociception is a mechanism fundamental to the ability of animals to avoid noxious
      stimuli capable of causing serious tissue damage. It has been established that in
      the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the transient receptor potential (TRP)
      channel encoded by the painless gene (pain) is required for detecting thermal and
      mechanical noxious stimuli. Little is known, however, about other genetic
      components that control nociceptive behaviors in Drosophila. The amnesiac gene
      (amn), which encodes a putative neuropeptide precursor, is important for
      stabilizing olfactory memory, and is involved in various aspects of other
      associative and nonassociative learning. Previous studies have indicated that amn
      also regulates ethanol sensitivity and sleep. Here the authors show that amn
      plays an additional critical role in nociception. Their data show that amn mutant
      larvae and adults are significantly less responsive to noxious heat stimuli
      (greater than approximately 40 degrees C) than their wild-type counterparts. The
      phenotype of amn mutants in thermal nociception, which closely resembles that of
      pain mutants, was phenocopied in flies expressing amn RNAi, and this phenotype
      was rescued by the expression of a wild-type amn transgene. These results provide
      compelling evidence that amn is a novel genetic component of the mechanism that
      regulates thermal nociception in Drosophila.

PMID- 19995328
TI  - The fusion peptide domain is the primary membrane-inserted region and enhances
      membrane interaction of the ectodomain of HIV-1 gp41.
AB  - To execute the membrane fusion function, it is necessary for the fusion protein
      of the virus to penetrate into the hydrophobic milieu of membrane bilayer. Hence
      identification of the region(s) of the ectodomain of viral fusion proteins
      involved in the membrane insertion and their interaction with the rest of the
      fusion protein in the membrane would be important for the mechanistic study of
      membrane fusion. To this end, we examined membrane activity of the fusion
      peptide, and the ectodomain protein with or without the fusion peptide domain of
      HIV-1 gp41 by several biophysical measurements. The results revealed that the
      ectodomain protein containing the fusion peptide domain had higher membrane
      perturbing activity and deeper membrane insertion, while the construct lacking
      the fusion peptide domain had much lower membrane activity. Strikingly, the N
      terminal heptad repeat region was found to be induced deeper into the membrane by
      the fusion peptide, consistent with the role of the latter in the membrane
      penetration. We concluded that the fusion peptide is the only stretch of gp41
      ectodomain that embeds deeply in the membrane interior in the prefusion stage.
      The function of fusion peptide in terms of membrane interaction and the
      implications of its interplay with other domains of gp41 on the membrane fusion
      cascade were discussed.

PMID- 19995330
TI  - The role of P-glycoprotein in the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a
      hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor.
AB  - S5, a hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor, displays partially saturable efflux
      in the Caco-2 system. In addition, the efflux can be reversed by cyclosporine,
      indicating that S5 may be a human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. S5 can also
      activate the ATPase activity in vesicle membranes containing mouse P-gp 1a and
      1b, suggesting that S5 may be a substrate for mouse P-gp. The pharmacokinetics
      and tissue distribution of S5 were evaluated after intravenous and oral
      administration to wild-type and 1a/1b knockout mice. Plasma and kidney levels of
      this compound in knockout mice were transiently higher than those in wild-type
      mice only after oral dosing, indicating effective P-gp efflux occurs in wild-type
      mice. The levels of S5 in brain samples from knockout mice were higher than those
      from wild-type mice after both intravenous and oral administration, but much more
      significantly after intravenous administration. The levels in liver were four
      time higher in knockout mice than in wild-type mice after oral administration,
      but were not different between knockout and wild-type mice after intravenous
      administration. These results suggest that P-gp efflux limits exposure to S5 in
      the brain and liver, and that the effect is dependent on the route of
      administration.

PMID- 19995331
TI  - Interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors: hypothesis to explain
      multifactorial CYP2C19 inhibition.
AB  - Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug that requires bioactivation to its active
      metabolite to demonstrate its antiplatelet effect. Formation of the active
      metabolite involves multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes, with CYP2C19 playing an
      important role. Clopidogrel is often co-administered with proton pump inhibitors
      (PPIs) to decrease GI-tract bleeding, and decreased antiplatelet effect has been
      observed in these patients. This observation cannot be explained by the weak
      inhibitory effect of PPIs on CYP2C19. A hypothesis is proposed to interpret the
      phenomenon of PPI inhibition based in part on the finding that clopidogrel is
      itself an inhibitor of CYP2C19.

PMID- 19995332
TI  - Difference in desipramine metabolic profile between wild-type and CYP2D6
      humanized mice.
AB  - Desipramine (DMI), a CYP2D6 probe, was used as a model drug to test whether
      CYP2D6-humanized (Tg-CYP2D6) and wild-type control mice could be used as
      preclinical animal models to identify the effects of CYP2D6 genotype/phenotype on
      drug metabolic profiles. After the analyses by liquid chromatography coupled with
      tandem mass spectrometry, DMI biotransformations were compared in Tg-CYP2D6 and
      wild-type mouse liver microsomes (MLM), and in human CYP2D6 extensive and poor
      metabolizer liver microsomes. Furthermore, urinary DMI metabolic profiles in Tg
      CYP2D6 and wild-type mice were evaluated. Three metabolites, 2-hydroxyl-, 10
      hydroxyl, and N-desmethyl-desipramine were identified in the incubations of DMI
      with both wild-type and Tg-CYP2D6 MLM, as well as in human CYP2D6 extensive
      metabolizer liver microsomes. Three additional metabolites were found in mouse
      urine samples, and their chemical structures were elucidated. Although the ratio
      of individual metabolites produced in Tg-CYP2D6 MLM was closer to that in human
      CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer liver microsomes, the urinary DMI metabolic profiles
      did not show much difference between wild-type and Tg-CYP2D6 mice. The results
      suggest that other mouse enzymes have significant contribution to DMI metabolism.

PMID- 19995333
TI  - A novel hydroxysteroid-sulfating cytosolic sulfotransferase, SULT3 ST3, from
      zebrafish: identification, characterization, and ontogenic study.
AB  - To establish the zebrafish as a model for investigating the drug metabolism
      through sulfation, we had embarked on establishing a complete repertoire of the
      zebrafish Phase II cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs). By searching the
      expressed sequence tag database, a zebrafish cDNA encoding a putative cytosolic
      sulfotransferase (SULT) was identified. Based on the sequence analysis, this
      zebrafish SULT was found to belong to the SULT3 gene family. The recombinant
      protein of the zebrafish SULT, designated SULT3 ST3, was expressed in and
      purified from BL21 (DE3) Escherichia coli cells transformed with the pGEX-2TK
      expression vector harboring SULT3 ST3 cDNA. Upon enzymatic characterization,
      purified SULT3 ST3 displayed sulfating activity toward hydroxysteroids,
      particularly pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), as well as several
      drugs among various endogenous and xenobiotic compounds tested as substrates. The
      pH-dependence and kinetic constants of this enzyme with DHEA were determined. The
      regulatory effects of various divalent metal cations on the DHEA-sulfating
      activity of SULT3 ST3 were quantitatively evaluated. A reverse transcription
      polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed developmental stage
      dependent expression of SULT3 ST3 during embryonic development and throughout the
      larval stage onto maturity. Collectively, these results suggest a possible
      involvement of the newly discovered SULT3 ST3 in the metabolism of
      hydroxysteroids and xenobiotics including drugs in zebrafish.

PMID- 19995334
TI  - Characterization of an mDock5-specific antibody and tissue-specific expression
      and subcellular localization of mDock5.
AB  - Rho GTPase controls multiple signal-transduction pathways involving the actin
      cytoskeleton and the microtubule cytoskeleton in processes such as the cell
      cycle, morphogenesis, and cell migration. The activity of Rho GTPases, such as
      Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, is regulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), guanine
      nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor
      (GDI). The GEFs activate Rho GTPases through exchange of GDP for GTP. A group of
      the GEF family, CDM-GEF, containing the Dock180 Homology Region 2 (DHR2) domain
      is subdivided into four groups based on amino acid sequences. One of these
      subgroups, DOCK-A, includes DOCK1, DOCK2, and DOCK5, and activates Rac1 Rho
      GTPase. Mouse Dock5 (mDock5) is structurally similar to DOCK1 and composed of
      1868 amino acids containing Src homology 3 (SH3), DHR1, DHR2, and a proline-rich
      (PR) motif. We generated an mDock5-specific antibody, which detected denatured
      and nascent forms of mDock5. We determined tissue-specific expression patterns
      and subcellular localization of mDock5 using this antibody. This antibody
      provides a way to delineate the biological functions of mDock5 in vivo.

PMID- 19995335
TI  - Effects of Cisplatin binding to DNA on the dynamics of the E. Coli MutS dimer.
AB  - MSH proteins are capable of recognizing damage in DNA due to a common
      chemotheraputic, cisplatin, and consequently participate in the initiation of
      cell death pathways. While previous studies have used computational modeling and
      cell biology to demonstrate that there are specific structural responses to
      cisplatin damage that are critical to the initiation of apoptosis, this study
      demonstrates that there are also specific dynamical changes that are also
      associated with cisplatin binding. These changes further distinguish the
      undamaged MutS/DNA complex from the damaged MutS/DNA complex and suggest that
      there are dynamical aspects to the response of MSH proteins to the binding of DNA
      damaged by therapeutics; consideration of these responses may influence further
      drug design and development.

PMID- 19995336
TI  - Predicting protein subcellular locations with feature selection and analysis.
AB  - In this paper, we propose a strategy to predict the subcellular locations of
      proteins by combining various feature selection methods. Firstly, proteins are
      coded by amino-acid composition and physicochemical properties, then these
      features are arranged by Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance method and further
      filtered by feature selection procedure. Nearest Neighbor Algorithm is used as a
      prediction model to predict the protein subcellular locations, and gains a
      correct prediction rate of 70.63%, evaluated by Jackknife cross-validation.
      Results of feature selection also enable us to identify the most important
      protein properties. The prediction software is available for public access on the
      website http://chemdata.shu.edu.cn/sub22/, which may play a important
      complementary role to a series of web-server predictors summarized recently in a
      review by Chou and Shen (Chou, K.C., Shen, H.B. Natural Science, 2009, 2, 63-92,
      http://www.scirp.org/journal/NS/).

PMID- 19995337
TI  - Isothermal calorimetry study of the interactions of type I antifreeze proteins
      with a lipid model membrane.
AB  - In this paper, we report our study of thermodynamic parameters of the
      interactions of antifreeze proteins (AFP) type I and it short segments with DMPC
      unilamellar vesicles as model for cell membrane. The heat of interactions between
      AFP's and the model cell membrane were studied by Isothermal Titration
      Calorimetry (ITC) at temperatures above and below phase transition temperatures
      of the membrane. It is shown that heat of interactions is linearly dependent on
      the temperatures below the phase transition of the membrane and constant at
      temperatures above phase. The heat of interaction above phase transition is
      assigned to the interaction of the AFP with the membrane, while below phase
      transition the ordering effect of the AFP influence the heat of interaction.

PMID- 19995338
TI  - Homology modeling studies of yeast Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKS):
      structural motifs as a basis for specificity.
AB  - Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key components of cellular signal
      transduction. It is the objective of this communication to demonstrate that
      insight into protein-protein interactions in the Common Docking motif of yeast
      mitogen-activated protein kinases can be obtained based on homology models.
      Homology models for four yeast MAPKs, FUS3, KSS1, HOG1 and MPK1 were built based
      on the X-ray structures of active and inactive rat ERK2. The structural motifs
      required for the basis of specificity were rationalized based on these
      structures.

PMID- 19995339
TI  - GO(vis), a gene ontology visualization tool based on multi-dimensional values.
AB  - Most of gene product similarity measurements concentrate on the information
      content of Gene Ontology (GO) terms or use a path-based similarity between GO
      terms, which may ignore other important information contained in the structure of
      the ontology. In our study, we integrate different GO similarity measure
      approaches to analyze the functional relationship of genes and gene products with
      a new triangle-based visualization tool called GO(Vis). The purpose of this tool
      is to demonstrate the effect of three important information factors when
      measuring the similarity between gene products. One advantage of this tool is
      that its important ratio can be adjusted to meet different measuring requirements
      according to the biological knowledge of each factor. The experimental results
      demonstrate that GO(Vis) can display diagrams of the functional relationship for
      gene products effectively.

PMID- 19995340
TI  - Gene ontology-based protein function prediction by using sequence composition
      information.
AB  - The prediction of protein function is a difficult and important problem in
      computational biology. In this study, an efficient method is presented to predict
      protein function with sequence composition information. Four kinds of basic
      building blocks of protein sequences are investigated, including N-grams, binary
      profiles, PFAM domains and InterPro domains. The protein sequences are mapped
      into high-dimensional vectors by using the occurrence frequencies of each kind of
      building blocks. The resulting vectors are then taken as input to support vector
      machine to predict their function based on gene ontology. Experiments are
      conducted over the subset of GOA database. The experimental results show that the
      protein function can be predicted from primary sequence information. The method
      based on InterPro domains outperforms the other building blocks, and gets an
      overall accuracy of 0.87 and ROC score is 0.93. We also demonstrate that the use
      of feature extraction algorithms such as latent semantic analysis and nonnegative
      matrix factorization, can efficiently remove noise and improve the prediction
      efficiency without significantly degrading the performance. The results obtained
      here are helpful for the prediction of protein function by using only sequence
      information.

PMID- 19995341
TI  - Stabilization of folding intermediate States from alkaline induced unfolded state
      of bovine serum fetuin in trifluoroethanol and acetonitrile.
AB  - The conformation of bovine serum fetuin (BSF) was examined over the pH 7.0-12.9
      regions by circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence and ANS binding. We
      observed that at higher pH, BSF exists in alkaline unfolded state. Our results
      provided evidence that correlates simultaneous formation of secondary structure
      followed by accumulation of hydrophobic clusters.

PMID- 19995342
TI  - Kinetics of interaction of HLA-B2705 with natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like
      receptor 3DS1.
AB  - The recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules by specific receptors
      is a crucial step in the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell function. Killer
      cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 3DS1 is one of the activating receptors
      of NK cell and is implicated in slowing disease progression in HIV infection.
      KIR3DS1 play an important role in the outcome of multiple diseases associated
      with viral infections. In contrast to the inhibitory receptor, much less is known
      about the ligands of KIR3DS1. In order to achieve a better understanding of the
      biology of KIR3DS1 and its ligand systems, it is necessary to identify the
      ligands of KIR3DS1. In this work, we utilized recombinant HLA-B2705 molecules and
      DsbA-KIR3DS1 fusion protein to monitor the interaction between HLA-B2705
      complexes and DsbA-KIR3DS1 using BIAcore 3000 SPR sensor and found that the
      specific binding between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B2705 existed and the affinity was
      6.95x10(-6) mol//L. So we concluded that HLA-B2705 is a possible ligand of
      KIR3DS1.

PMID- 19995343
TI  - Fluorescent analogues of the insect neuropeptide helicokinin I: synthesis,
      photophysical characterization and biological activity.
AB  - In insects numerous physiological processes are regulated by neuropeptides. Two
      fluorescent analogues of the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine were synthesized
      and incorporated in the diuretic neuropeptide helicokinin I from the moth
      Heliothis zea. By fluorescence emission measurements it was shown that both
      fluorescent helicokinin I analogues react sensitive on the dielectricity of their
      microenvironment. A helicokinin I analogue containing the fluorescent tryptophan
      mimic beta-[6'-(N,N-dimethyl)-amino-2'-naphthoyl]alanine (Ald) was shown to bind
      to dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by the Ald residue. A membrane binding
      model for helicokinin I is proposed based on data from related mammalian and
      insect-neuropeptides.

PMID- 19995344
TI  - Herbivore response in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) plants: induction of
      lipoxygenase activity in leaf tissue in response to generalist and specialist
      insect attack.
AB  - Lipoxygenases (LOXs, EC 1.13.11.12) are a class of non-heme iron containing
      dioxygenases which catalyze the regiospecific and stereospecific
      hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with 1,4-pentadiene system such
      as linoleic acid and linolenic acid in plants. In this work we studied the LOX
      activity in damaged as well as in distal leaves in response to specialist
      (Agraulis vanillae vanillae) or generalist (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect attack.
      Enzymatic assays showed that induction of LOX activity occurred locally and
      systemically in response to both insects' attacks. Northern blot analysis
      revealed that LOX expression is also insect-inducible in agreement with enzymatic
      assay results. In addition, northern analysis corroborated previous reports that
      LOX activity is wound- and methyl jasmonate-inducible. These results suggest that
      the herbivore-response in passion fruit is mediated by jasmonates, since a key
      enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway of jasmonic acid is induced upon lepidopteran
      insects' attacks.

PMID- 19995346
TI  - HIV-1 Tat is unconventionally secreted through the plasma membrane.
AB  - The Tat protein is required for efficient HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus
      type 1) transcription. Moreover, Tat is secreted by infected cells, and
      circulating Tat can affect several cell types, thereby contributing to HIV-1
      pathogenesis. We monitored Tat secretion by transfected CD4+ T-cells. A Tat
      chimaera carrying an N-glycosylation site did not become glycosylated when
      expressed in cells, while the chimaera was glycosylated when mechanically
      introduced into purified microsomes. These data indicate that secreted Tat does
      not transit through the endoplasmic reticulum. The use of pharmacological
      inhibitors indicated that the Tat secretion pathway is unusual compared with
      previously identified unconventional secretion routes and does not involve
      intracellular organelles. Moreover, cell incubation at 16 degrees C inhibited Tat
      secretion and caused its accumulation at the plasma membrane, suggesting that
      secretion takes place at this level.

PMID- 19995345
TI  - The Arabidopsis thaliana NAC transcription factor family: structure-function
      relationships and determinants of ANAC019 stress signalling.
AB  - TFs (transcription factors) are modular proteins minimally containing a DBD (DNA
      binding domain) and a TRD (transcription regulatory domain). NAC [for NAM (no
      apical meristem), ATAF, CUC (cup-shaped cotyledon)] proteins comprise one of the
      largest plant TF families. They are key regulators of stress perception and
      developmental programmes, and most share an N-terminal NAC domain. On the basis
      of analyses of gene expression data and the phylogeny of Arabidopsis thaliana NAC
      TFs we systematically decipher structural and functional specificities of the
      conserved NAC domains and the divergent C-termini. Nine of the ten NAC domains
      analysed bind a previously identified conserved DNA target sequence with a
      CGT[GA] core, although with different affinities. Likewise, all but one of the
      NAC proteins analysed is dependent on the C-terminal region for transactivational
      activity. In silico analyses show that the NAC TRDs contain group-specific
      sequence motifs and are characterized by a high degree of intrinsic disorder.
      Furthermore, ANAC019 was identified as a new positive regulator of ABA (abscisic
      acid) signalling, conferring ABA hypersensitivity when ectopically expressed in
      plants. Interestingly, ectopic expression of the ANAC019 DBD or TRD alone also
      resulted in ABA hypersensitivity. Expression of stress-responsive marker genes
      [COR47 (cold-responsive 47), RD29b (responsive-to-desiccation 29b) and ERD11
      (early-responsive-to-dehydration 11)] were also induced by full-length and
      truncated ANAC019. Domain-swapping experiments were used to analyse the
      specificity of this function. Chimaeric proteins, where the NAC domain of ANAC019
      was replaced with the analogous regions from other NAC TFs, also have the ability
      to positively regulate ABA signalling. In contrast, replacing the ANAC019 TRD
      with other TRDs abolished ANAC019-mediated ABA hypersensitivity. In conclusion,
      our results demonstrate that the biochemical and functional specificity of NAC
      TFs is associated with both the DBDs and the TRDs.

PMID- 19995347
TI  - NFKB1-94ins/del polymorphism is not associated with lung injury after
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (NFKB1)-94ins/del is an important polymorphism that
      affects promoter activity of the NFKB1 gene and is potentially associated with
      several inflammatory diseases. We investigated the association of this
      polymorphism with lung injury after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass in
      a prospective cohort study of 283 patients. Genotyping was performed by high
      resolution melting analysis; analysis indicated no association of NFKB1 with
      postoperative lung injury (p = 0.064). Relative risks of the del allele and the
      del/del genotype were 1.34 (95% CI 1.02-1.75) and 1.74 (95% CI 1.00-3.05)
      respectively. Logistic regression analysis (with factors including age,
      peripheral vascular disease and surgical duration as risk factors of lung injury
      after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass) also failed to confirm that
      the NFKB1 genotype is influential for lung injury (p = 0.113). We conclude that,
      contrary to some other evidence, the NFKB1-94ins/del polymorphism is not
      associated with lung injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 19995348
TI  - Inter-hospital transfers of acutely ill adults in Scotland.
AB  - The transfer of acutely ill adults who were transported between hospitals by the
      Scottish Ambulance Service was audited in order to determine the number of
      transfers and to quantify the incidence of adverse events. Patients over 16 years
      of age requiring intervention/vital signs monitoring during transfer or a
      nursing/medical escort from the outset were defined as acutely ill adults. Three
      thousand and forty-eight audit forms were received, of which 2396 were suitable
      for inclusion in the audit. Transfers primarily occurred for specialist
      management (1580; 66%) or specialist investigation (550; 23%). Clinicians
      escorted 825 (34%) patients and were away from their hospital a median (IQR
      [range]) of 2 h (01:24-3:30 [00:05-17:33]) h:min Clinical intervention was
      required in 84 transfers (4%). The median (IQR [range]) time for 248 transfers
      (10.3%) requiring assisted ventilation was 28 min (00:17-00:50 [00:04-02:55]).
      The incidence of unsecured medical equipment (in escorted transfers only) was
      significantly lower in dedicated transport teams (2/205, 1%) vs non-dedicated
      (113/620, 18%; p = 0.004). Medical equipment failures were less common in the
      transfer of patients requiring assisted ventilation (1/156, 0.6% vs 9/97, 9%; p =
      0.001).

PMID- 19995349
TI  - Use of rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to achieve successful treatment of
      polytrauma with fibrinogen concentrate and prothrombin complex concentrate.
AB  - Goal-directed coagulation therapy is essential in the management of trauma
      patients with severe bleeding. Due to the complex nature of coagulation disorders
      in trauma, a quick and reliable diagnostic tool is essential. We report a
      severely injured multiple trauma patient who received haemostatic therapy with
      coagulation factor concentrates, guided by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).
      Initial therapy consisted of fibrinogen concentrate (Haemocomplettan P), as
      maximum clot firmness in the ROTEM analyses was low, whereas clotting time was
      normal. Later on, prothrombin complex concentrate was given to optimise thrombin
      generation. This approach enabled extended emergency hemihepatectomy to be
      performed without using fresh frozen plasma. As the EXTEM maximum clot firmness
      showed good clot quality, no platelets were transfused despite low platelet
      counts. This case shows the potential success of treatment using both fibrinogen
      concentrate and prothrombin complex concentrate, not only in restoring
      haemostasis but also in minimising requirement for transfusion of allogeneic
      blood products.

PMID- 19995351
TI  - The accelerated failure time model under biased sampling.
AB  - Chen (2009, Biometrics) studies the semi-parametric accelerated failure time
      model for data that are size biased. Chen considers only the uncensored case and
      uses hazard-based estimation methods originally developed for censored
      observations. However, for uncensored data, a simple linear regression on the log
      scale is more natural and provides better estimators.

PMID- 19995352
TI  - Nonignorable models for intermittently missing categorical longitudinal
      responses.
AB  - A class of nonignorable models is presented for handling nonmonotone missingness
      in categorical longitudinal responses. This class of models includes the
      traditional selection models and shared parameter models. This allows us to
      perform a broader than usual sensitivity analysis. In particular, instead of
      considering variations to a chosen nonignorable model, we study sensitivity
      between different missing data frameworks. An appealing feature of the developed
      class is that parameters with a marginal interpretation are obtained, while
      algebraically simple models are considered. Specifically, marginalized mixed
      effects models (Heagerty, 1999, Biometrics 55, 688-698) are used for the
      longitudinal process that model separately the marginal mean and the correlation
      structure. For the correlation structure, random effects are introduced and their
      distribution is modeled either parametrically or non-parametrically to avoid
      potential misspecifications.

PMID- 19995353
TI  - Propensity score matching in randomized clinical trials.
AB  - Cluster randomization trials with relatively few clusters have been widely used
      in recent years for evaluation of health-care strategies. On average, randomized
      treatment assignment achieves balance in both known and unknown confounding
      factors between treatment groups, however, in practice investigators can only
      introduce a small amount of stratification and cannot balance on all the
      important variables simultaneously. The limitation arises especially when there
      are many confounding variables in small studies. Such is the case in the INSTINCT
      trial designed to investigate the effectiveness of an education program in
      enhancing the tPA use in stroke patients. In this article, we introduce a new
      randomization design, the balance match weighted (BMW) design, which applies the
      optimal matching with constraints technique to a prospective randomized design
      and aims to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) of the treatment effect
      estimator. A simulation study shows that, under various confounding scenarios,
      the BMW design can yield substantial reductions in the MSE for the treatment
      effect estimator compared to a completely randomized or matched-pair design. The
      BMW design is also compared with a model-based approach adjusting for the
      estimated propensity score and Robins-Mark-Newey E-estimation procedure in terms
      of efficiency and robustness of the treatment effect estimator. These
      investigations suggest that the BMW design is more robust and usually, although
      not always, more efficient than either of the approaches. The design is also seen
      to be robust against heterogeneous error. We illustrate these methods in
      proposing a design for the INSTINCT trial.

PMID- 19995354
TI  - A hierarchical Bayesian design for phase I trials of novel combinations of cancer
      therapeutic agents.
AB  - We propose a hierarchical model for the probability of dose-limiting toxicity
      (DLT) for combinations of doses of two therapeutic agents. We apply this model to
      an adaptive Bayesian trial algorithm whose goal is to identify combinations with
      DLT rates close to a prespecified target rate. We describe methods for generating
      prior distributions for the parameters in our model from a basic set of
      information elicited from clinical investigators. We survey the performance of
      our algorithm in a series of simulations of a hypothetical trial that examines
      combinations of four doses of two agents. We also compare the performance of our
      approach to two existing methods and assess the sensitivity of our approach to
      the chosen prior distribution.

PMID- 19995355
TI  - Heterogeneity in DNA multiple alignments: modeling, inference, and applications
      in motif finding.
AB  - Transcription factors bind sequence-specific sites in DNA to regulate gene
      transcription. Identifying transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is an
      important step for understanding gene regulation. Although sophisticated in
      modeling TFBSs and their combinatorial patterns, computational methods for TFBS
      detection and motif finding often make oversimplified homogeneous model
      assumptions for background sequences. Since nucleotide base composition varies
      across genomic regions, it is expected to be helpful for motif finding to
      incorporate the heterogeneity into background modeling. When sequences from
      multiple species are utilized, variation in evolutionary conservation violates
      the common assumption of an identical conservation level in multiple alignments.
      To handle both types of heterogeneity, we propose a generative model in which a
      segmented Markov chain is used to partition a multiple alignment into regions of
      homogeneous nucleotide base composition and a hidden Markov model (HMM) is
      employed to account for different conservation levels. Bayesian inference on the
      model is developed via Gibbs sampling with dynamic programming recursions.
      Simulation studies and empirical evidence from biological data sets reveal the
      dramatic effect of background modeling on motif finding, and demonstrate that the
      proposed approach is able to achieve substantial improvements over commonly used
      background models.

PMID- 19995356
TI  - Endothelin attenuates endothelium-dependent platelet inhibition in man.
AB  - AIM: The vascular endothelium produces several substances, including nitric oxide
      (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), which participate in the regulation of vascular
      tone in humans. Both these substances may exert other actions of importance for
      cardiovascular disease, e.g. effects on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
      and inflammation, and NO inhibits platelet function. Experiments were designed to
      investigate the effect of ET-1 on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and
      attenuation of platelet activation. METHODS: In 25 healthy male subjects (25 +/-
      1 years), forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography,
      and platelet activity was assessed by whole blood flow cytometry (platelet
      fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression) in unstimulated and adenosine
      diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated samples during administration of ET-1, the
      endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine and the NO synthase inhibitor l
      NMMA. RESULTS: Acetylcholine increased forearm blood flow and significantly
      inhibited platelet activation in both unstimulated and ADP-stimulated samples. In
      samples stimulated with 0.3 microm ADP, fibrinogen binding decreased from 41 +/-
      4% to 31 +/- 3% (P < 0.01, n = 11) after acetylcholine administration. The
      vasodilator response to acetylcholine was significantly impaired during infusions
      of ET-1 and l-NMMA. ET-1 did not affect platelet activity per se, whereas l-NMMA
      increased platelet P-selectin expression. Both ET-1 and l-NMMA attenuated the
      acetylcholine-induced inhibition of platelet activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our study
      indicates that, further to inhibiting endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, ET-1
      may also attenuate endothelium-dependent inhibition of platelet activation
      induced by acetylcholine. An enhanced ET-1 activity, as suggested in endothelial
      dysfunction, may affect endothelium-dependent platelet modulation and thereby
      have pathophysiological implications.

PMID- 19995357
TI  - Protein kinase C mRNA and protein expressions in hypobaric hypoxia-induced
      cardiac hypertrophy in rats.
AB  - AIM: Protein kinase C (PKC), cloned as a serine/threonine kinase, plays key roles
      in diverse intracellular signalling processes and in cardiovascular remodelling
      during pressure overload or volume overload. We looked for correlations between
      changes in PKC isoforms (levels and/or subcellular distributions) and cardiac
      remodelling during experimental hypobaric hypoxic environment (HHE)-induced
      pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: To study the PKC system in the heart during HHE,
      148 male Wistar rats were housed for up to 21 days in a chamber at the equivalent
      of 5500 m altitude level (10% O(2)). RESULTS: At 14 or more days of exposure to
      HHE, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was significantly increased. In the right
      ventricle (RV): (1) the expression of PKC-alpha protein in the cytosolic and
      membrane fractions was increased at 3-14 days and at 5-7 days of exposure
      respectively; (ii) the cytosolic expression of PKC-delta protein was increased at
      1-5, 14 and 21 days of exposure; (3) the membrane expressions of the proteins
      were decreased at 14-21 (PKC-betaII), 14-21 (PKC-gamma), and 0.5-5 and 21 (PKC
      epsilon) days of exposure; (4) the expression of the active form of PKC-alpha
      protein on the plasma membrane was increased at 3 days of exposure (based on
      semiquantitative analysis of the immunohistochemistry). In the left ventricle,
      the expressions of the PKC mRNAs, and of their cytosolic and membrane proteins,
      were almost unchanged. The above changes in PKC-alpha, which were strongly
      evident in the RV, occurred alongside the increase in PAP. CONCLUSION: PKC-alpha
      may help to modulate the right ventricular hypertrophy caused by pulmonary
      hypertension in HHE.

PMID- 19995358
TI  - Novel imaging analysis system to measure the spatial dimension of engineered
      tissue construct.
AB  - The measurement of the spatial dimensions of tissue-engineered constructs is very
      important for their clinical applications. In this study, a novel method to
      measure the volume of tissue-engineered constructs was developed using iterative
      mathematical computations. The method measures and analyzes three-dimensional
      (3D) parameters of a construct to estimate its actual volume using a sequence of
      software-based mathematical algorithms. The mathematical algorithm is composed of
      two stages: the shape extraction and the determination of volume. The shape
      extraction utilized 3D images of a construct: length, width, and thickness,
      captured by a high-quality camera with charge coupled device. The surface of the
      3D images was then divided into fine sections. The area of each section was
      measured and combined to obtain the total surface area. The 3D volume of the
      target construct was then mathematically obtained using its total surface area
      and thickness. The accuracy of the measurement method was verified by comparing
      the results with those obtained from the hydrostatic weighing method (Korea
      Research Institute of Standards and Science [KRISS], Korea). The mean difference
      in volume between two methods was 0.0313 +/- 0.0003% (n = 5, P = 0.523) with no
      significant statistical difference. In conclusion, our image-based spatial
      measurement system is a reliable and easy method to obtain an accurate 3D volume
      of a tissue-engineered construct.

PMID- 19995359
TI  - Hydrodynamics of aortic cannulae during extracorporeal circulation in a mock
      aortic arch aneurysm model.
AB  - This study was designed to analyze flow pattern, velocity, and strain on the
      aortic wall of a glass aortic arch aneurysm model during the extracorporeal
      circulation, and to elucidate the characteristics of flow pattern in three
      different aortic cannulae. Different patterns of large vortices and helical flow
      were made by each cannula. With the curved end-hole cannula, the high velocity
      flow (approximately 0.6-0.8 m/s) was blowing to the aneurismal wall without
      attenuating the strain rate tensor (approximately 0.2-0.25/s). With the
      dispersion cannula and the Soft-Flow cannula, cannular jet was attenuated in the
      ascending aorta creating a large vortex at a velocity less than 0.5 m/s, and the
      strain rate tensor on the aneurismal wall was small (less than 0.15/s). In
      conclusion, end-hole cannula should not be used in the operation of aortic arch
      aneurysm. Dispersion-type aortic cannulae were less invasive on the aortic arch
      aneurismal wall, but particular attention to alternative cannulation sites should
      be paid in cases with severe atherosclerosis on the ascending aortic wall.

PMID- 19995360
TI  - LDL apheresis: a novel technique (LIPOCOLLECT 200).
AB  - Therapeutic means to lower Lp(a) are limited. The most effective method to reduce
      plasma Lp(a) concentration significantly is therapeutic apheresis, namely, low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) apheresis. A novel technique
      based on reusable LDL adsorber called Lipocollect 200 (Medicollect, Rimbach,
      Germany) allows the removal of both LDL and Lp(a) from plasma. Two male patients
      with hyperLp(a)lipoproteinemia and angiographically established progressive
      coronary heart disease, without rough elevation of LDL-cholesterol, who did not
      respond to diet and medication were submitted to 50 LDL Lp(a) aphereses with
      Lipocollect 200 LDL Lp(a)-adsorber at weekly and biweekly intervals. Total
      cholesterol and LDL cholesterol plasma levels fell significantly by 48.3% (+/
      6.7) to 61.6% (+/-12.7) (first patient), and 42.5% (+/-6.3) to 60.6% (+/-14.3)
      (second patient), respectively (all differences: P < or = 0.001). High-density
      lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration in plasma did not show statistically
      significant change. Plasma triglycerides were also significantly reduced by 43.6%
      (+/-24.4) (first patient) and 42.3% (+/-13) (second patient) (both differences: P
      < or = 0.001). Plasma Lp(a) showed a statistically significant percent reduction
      in plasma as expected: 64.7 +/- 9.5 (first patient), and 59.1 +/- 6.7 (second
      patient) (both differences: P < or = 0.001). Plasma fibrinogen concentration was
      decreased by 35.9% (+/-18.7) (P < or = 0.05) (first patient) and 41.8% (+/-11.5)
      (second patient) (P < or = 0.005). Considering the reduction rate between the
      first and the last procedures, we have compared the mean percent reduction of the
      first five treatments (from session #1 to #5) with the last five treatments (from
      session #21 to #25). We have observed an increasing reduction of all activity
      parameters on both patients apart from HDL-cholesterol (first patient) and
      triglyceride (second patient) that showed a decreasing reduction rate. Both
      patients followed the prescribed schedule and completed the study. Clinically,
      all sessions were well tolerated and undesired reactions were not reported. The
      Lipocollect 200 adsorber proved to have a good biocompatibility. In this study,
      the adsorber reusability for several sessions was confirmed.

PMID- 19995361
TI  - New pulsatile hydrostatic pressure bioreactor for vascular tissue-engineered
      constructs.
AB  - Mechanical conditioning represents a potential means to enhance the biochemical
      and biomechanical properties of tissue-engineered cell constructs. Bioreactors
      that can simulate physiologic conditions can play an important role in the
      preparation of tissue-engineered constructs. Although various forms of bioreactor
      systems are currently available, these have certain limitations, particularly
      when these are used for the creation of vascular constructs. The aim of the
      present report is to describe and validate a novel pressure bioreactor system for
      the creation of vascular tissue. Here, we present and discuss the design
      concepts, criteria, as well as the development of a novel pressure bioreactor.
      The system is compact and easily housed in an incubator to maintain sterility of
      the construct. Moreover, the proposed bioreactor, in addition to mimicking in
      vivo pressure conditions, is flexible, allowing different types of constructs to
      be exposed to various physiologic pressure conditions. The core bioreactor
      elements can be easily sterilized and have good ergonomic assembly
      characteristics. This system is a fundamental tool, which may enable us to make
      further advances in bioreactor technology and tissue engineering. The novel
      system allows for the application of pressure that may facilitate the growth and
      development of constructs needed to produce a tissue-engineered vascular graft.

PMID- 19995362
TI  - Effects of screw eccentricity on the initial stability of the acetabular cup in
      artificial foam bone of different qualities.
AB  - Acetabular cup loosening is one of the major failure models of total hip
      replacement (THR), which is mostly due to insufficient initial stability of the
      cup. Previous studies have demonstrated that cup stability is affected by the
      quality of the host bone and the surgical skill when inserting screws. The
      purpose of this study was to determine the effects on the initial stability of
      the acetabular cup of eccentric screws in bone of different qualities. In this
      study, hemispherical cups were fixed into bone specimens constructed from
      artificial foam with three elastic moduli using one to three screws. The effects
      of two types of screw eccentricity (offset and angular) on the stability of the
      acetabular cup were also evaluated. The experimental results indicate that in the
      presence of ideal screwing, the cup was stable in bone specimens constructed from
      foam with the highest elastic modulus. In addition, increasing the number of
      ideal screws enhanced the cup stability, especially in bone specimens constructed
      from soft foam. Moreover, the cup stability was most affected by offset eccentric
      screw(s) in the hard-foam bone specimens and by angular eccentric screw(s) in the
      soft-foam bone specimens. The reported results indicate that the presence of
      screw eccentricity affects the initial stability of the acetabular cup. Surgeons
      should keep this in mind when performing screw insertions in THR. However, care
      is necessary when translating these results to the intraoperative situation due
      to the experiments being conducted under laboratory conditions, and hence, future
      studies should attempt to replicate the results reported here in vivo.

PMID- 19995363
TI  - Destination therapy: one-year outcomes in patients with a body mass index greater
      than 30.
AB  - Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are slowly gaining acceptance as the
      treatment of choice in appropriately selected patients with end-stage heart
      failure who are not transplant candidates. Obesity is a well-known risk factor
      for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and frequently can be the
      reason some patients are turned down for heart transplantation. Because of this
      experience in transplant patients, many centers have also been reluctant to offer
      these patients an LVAD for destination therapy (DT). Subsequently, the 1-year
      outcomes of obese patients receiving LVADs for DT at our center were reviewed.
      Fifty-eight consecutive patients (83% men) were implanted with HeartMate XVE (n =
      22) or HeartMate II (n = 36) LVAD. Patients were divided into normal (body mass
      index [BMI] <or= 30 kg/m(2), n = 38) and obese (BMI >or= 30 kg/m(2), n = 20)
      groups according to their BMI. Preoperatively, there were statistically
      significant differences (P < 0.05) between normal and obese groups in age (65.9
      years vs. 54.7 years), weight (72.9 kg vs. 107.5 kg), BMI (24.1 kg/m(2) vs. 35.2
      kg/m(2)), and incidence of diabetes (37% vs. 60%). At 1-year follow-up, there
      were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.5) between normal and obese
      groups: creatinine levels (1.4 vs. 1.5), New York Heart Association
      classification (1.2 vs. 1.6), and survival (63% vs. 65%). Our initial results
      demonstrate that morbidly obese patients with end-stage heart failure with a
      contraindication for transplant may successfully undergo implantation of an LVAD
      for DT.

PMID- 19995364
TI  - Androgen receptor and 5alpha-reductase immunohistochemical profiles in
      extramammary Paget disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Extramammary Paget disease is an uncommon skin tumour occurring
      mostly in the genitoperineal region. Previous reports have shown frequent
      expression of androgen receptor, suggesting a tumour-proliferative effect of
      androgens on Paget cells. Androgen-converting enzymes such as 5alpha-reductase,
      which locally produces a bioactive androgen, have recently gained attention in
      studies of the intratumoral actions of androgens. OBJECTIVES: We investigated
      correlations between the androgenic microenvironment and invasiveness in
      extramammary Paget disease, particularly in terms of sex differences. METHODS: We
      examined 58 cases of extramammary Paget disease (32 men, 26 women; 42
      noninvasive, 16 invasive) using immunohistochemistry for androgen receptor and
      5alpha-reductase. RESULTS: In all 58 cases, expression rates were 57% for
      androgen receptor and 55% for 5alpha-reductase, with 38% double-positivity for
      androgen receptor and 5alpha-reductase. Only 5alpha-reductase expression rate was
      significantly higher in invasive cases (81%) than in noninvasive cases (45%; P =
      0.042). For invasive cases, numbers of double-positive results for androgen
      receptor and 5alpha-reductase were significantly higher in men (70%) than in
      women (17%; P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Double positivity for androgen receptor and
      5alpha-reductase in Paget cells suggests autocrine synthesis of androgens in
      extramammary Paget disease. The different hormonal microenvironments in male and
      female cases and intratumoral androgen levels affect the invasiveness of
      extramammary Paget disease.

PMID- 19995365
TI  - Dirt-binding particles consisting of hydrogenated castor oil beads constitute a
      nonirritating alternative for abrasive cleaning of recalcitrant oily skin
      contamination in a three-step programme of occupational skin protection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In occupational fields with exposure to grease, oil, metal particles,
      coal, black lead or soot, cleansing formulations containing abrasive bodies (e.g.
      refined walnut shell, corn, wood, plastic or pumice) are used. These may
      constitute an irritant per se. As an alternative, hydrogenated castor oil (also
      known as castor wax) beads have been developed as dirt-binding particles. A polar
      surface contributes to their mechanical cleaning effects in removal of oily
      grime. OBJECTIVES: Standardized examination of the in vivo effects upon the skin
      barrier of castor wax beads in comparison with abrasive bodies and pure
      detergent. METHODS: Three cleansing preparations - (i) detergent, (ii) detergent
      containing castor wax beads, (iii) detergent containing walnut shell powder -
      were each repetitively applied in vivo (four times daily for 3 weeks), mimicking
      workplace conditions, in 30 healthy volunteers (15 with and 15 without an atopic
      skin diathesis) and compared vs. (iv) no treatment. The treatment effects upon
      the skin barrier were monitored by repeated measurements of functional parameters
      [transepidermal water loss (TEWL), redness] and surface topography. RESULTS:
      After a 3-week treatment, a significant global treatment effect (P < 0.0001) was
      found in the atopic group concerning TEWL as indicator for barrier function. A
      significantly higher TEWL and increasing erythema in the area treated with
      detergent containing walnut shell powder reflected its irritant effect compared
      with castor wax beads dispensed in the identical detergent. Cleaning properties
      of the two formulas were comparably superior to detergent alone. CONCLUSIONS:
      Castor wax beads constitute a novel nonirritating alternative for abrasive
      cleaning of recalcitrant oily skin contamination appropriate for individuals with
      an atopic skin diathesis in a three-step programme of occupational skin
      protection. As the skin barrier may additionally be influenced by the composition
      of dirt and use of skin protection and skin care measures under real workplace
      conditions, this component may now be used and examined further in different
      occupations.

PMID- 19995366
TI  - Intralesional vincristine as first-line therapy for nodular lesions in classic
      Kaposi sarcoma: a prospective study in 151 patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Classic Kaposi sarcoma is a rare angioproliferative neoplasm with
      varying biological behaviour. Depending on the clinical stage, local or systemic
      therapy can be used. Vincristine has proven to be effective as systemic
      chemotherapy and in very few reports as intralesional treatment. OBJECTIVES: Our
      aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of intralesional vincristine in the
      treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma nodular lesions. METHODS: We conducted a
      prospective, open-label, single-centre clinical trial in 151 patients with stage
      IB classic Kaposi sarcoma. Vincristine was injected in a single nodule (0.3-0.8
      mm) on the lower limb. Another similar lesion on the same limb, at a distance of
      >or= 10 cm, or on the contralateral limb, was kept under clinical observation as
      control. Adverse effects were evaluated after 1 week, and efficacy after 4 and 12
      weeks. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one patients were enrolled. At final
      evaluation, 115 patients presented complete response (76.1%), 28 had partial
      response (18.5%), six had improvement (4%), one had stable disease (0.7%) and
      only one patient had tumour progression (0.7%). Therefore the total response rate
      was 98.7% (149 patients). Therapy was generally well tolerated. The most
      frequently registered adverse events, observed in 21 patients (13.9%), were
      erythema and itching. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional vincristine is an effective and
      safe treatment for nodular lesions in classic Kaposi sarcoma and can be
      recommended as first-line therapy in initial stages and as support therapy in
      advanced stages.

PMID- 19995367
TI  - The 5-D itch scale: a new measure of pruritus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Itching is a subjective and multidimensional experience which is
      difficult to quantify. Most methodologies to assess itching suffer from being
      unidimensional, for example only measuring intensity without impact on quality of
      life, or only measuring scratching activity. None has actually been demonstrated
      to be able to detect change over time, which is essential to using them as an
      outcome measure of response to an intervention. The 5-D itch scale was developed
      as a brief but multidimensional questionnaire designed to be useful as an outcome
      measure in clinical trials. The five dimensions are degree, duration, direction,
      disability and distribution. OBJECTIVES: To study the 5-D with respect to
      validity, reliability and response to change. METHODS: The 5-D was administered
      to 234 individuals with chronic pruritus due to liver disease (n = 63), kidney
      disease (n = 36), dermatological disorders (n = 56), HIV/AIDS (n = 28) and burn
      injuries (n = 51). The 5-D was administered at baseline and after a 6-week follow
      up period. A subset of 50 untreated patients was retested after 3 days to assess
      test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The 5-D score correlated strongly with a visual
      analogue score: r = 0.727 at baseline (P < 0.0001), r = 0.868 at the 3-day repeat
      (P < 0.0001), and r = 0.892 at the 6-week follow-up (P < 0.0001). There was no
      change in mean 5-D score between day 1 and day 3 in untreated individuals
      (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96, P < 0.0001). The 5-D did, however,
      detect significant changes in pruritus over the 6-week follow-up period (P <
      0.0001). Subanalysis of the different patient groups revealed similar response
      patterns and scores, with the exception of lower total scores for the burn
      victims due to lower scores on the distribution domain because they itched only
      at the site of their burn. CONCLUSIONS: The 5-D, therefore, is a reliable,
      multidimensional measure of itching that has been validated in patients with
      chronic pruritus to able to detect changes over time. The 5-D should be useful as
      an outcome measure in clinical trials.

PMID- 19995368
TI  - Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates the proliferation of human dermal
      fibroblasts via the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) has been described as a
      multipotent cytokine that regulates cell growth as well as differentiation,
      matrix composition, chemotaxis, cell adhesion and migration in numerous cell
      types. It is known that bFGF stimulates proliferation of cultured fibroblasts.
      However, the detailed mechanism of fibroblast proliferation induced by bFGF in
      vitro still remains to be elucidated. Objectives We investigated the precise
      effects of bFGF on fibroblast proliferation and the signalling pathways
      responsible for bFGF-induced proliferation in cultured human dermal fibroblasts
      (HDFs). METHODS: HDFs were cultured with bFGF in the presence or absence of
      specific inhibitors against MAPK signalling pathways including ERK, JNK and p38.
      The number of cells was counted and immunoblotting findings were examined for the
      activation of ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of ERK1, ERK2
      and JNK1 were proven by the transfection of siRNA. RESULTS: bFGF increased the
      number of HDFs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The bFGF-induced
      proliferation was suppressed by the MEK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126, and the JNK
      inhibitor SP600125. bFGF increased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1.
      Treatment with ERK1, ERK2 or JNK1 siRNA significantly inhibited bFGF-induced
      proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that ERK1/2 and JNK pathways
      play an important role in the bFGF-mediated effect in HDFs. This study also
      suggests that controlling ERK1/2 and/or JNK signalling may therefore be a new
      therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic and untreatable skin ulcers.

PMID- 19995370
TI  - Photodynamic therapy: parameters predictive of pain.

PMID- 19995369
TI  - T-plastin (PLS3) gene expression differentiates Sezary syndrome from mycosis
      fungoides and inflammatory skin diseases and can serve as a biomarker to monitor
      disease progression.

PMID- 19995371
TI  - Three-base deletion mutation c.120_122delGTT in ATP2A2 leads to the unique
      phenotype of comedonal Darier disease.

PMID- 19995372
TI  - Melanoma susceptibility variants on chromosome 20q11.22 are associated with
      pigmentary traits and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

PMID- 19995373
TI  - Secreted subtilisin Sub3 from Microsporum canis is required for adherence to but
      not for invasion of the epidermis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Microsporum canis is a pathogenic dermatophyte that causes a
      superficial cutaneous mycosis, mainly in cats and humans. Proteolytic enzymes,
      including subtilisins, have been postulated to be key factors involved in
      adherence and invasion of the stratum corneum and keratinized epidermal
      structures. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the importance of Sub3 as a M. canis
      virulence factor using a SUB3 RNA-silenced strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The
      stability of a previously constructed RNA-silenced strain IHEM 22957 was tested
      in three different ways. The involvement of Sub3 in the adherence process was
      evaluated using a new ex vivo adherence model of M. canis arthroconidia to feline
      epidermis. In order to investigate the contribution of Sub3 in epidermal
      invasion, the pathogenicity of the SUB3 silenced strain was compared with that of
      the control strain in a guinea pig model of experimental M. canis
      dermatophytosis. RESULTS: The silenced strain was shown to be stable after four
      in vitro transfers and after the in vivo experimental infection. This strain has
      dramatic loss of adherence capacity to feline corneocytes when compared with the
      parental strain. In contrast, no significant differences were observed at any
      time during the infection between the control strain and the SUB3 silenced
      strain, indicating that Sub3 secretion is not required for invasion of epidermal
      structures. CONCLUSIONS: RNA interference is a useful tool to evaluate pathogenic
      mechanisms of M. canis. For the first time, a role in pathogenicity could be
      attributed to a protease of a dermatophyte, namely Sub3 from M. canis, which is
      required for adherence to but not for invasion of the epidermis.

PMID- 19995374
TI  - Serum concentration of L-kynurenine predicts the clinical outcome of patients
      with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP.
AB  - PURPOSE: Introduction of rituximab has largely improved the prognosis of patients
      with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL). Such change in therapeutic outcome
      necessitates the identification of additional prognostic factors to conventional
      indexes that have been validated for CHOP without rituximab. Indoleamine 2,3
      dioxygenase (IDO) exerts intense immunomodulatory effects because of enzymatic
      activities that catalyze the breakdown of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan.
      The activity of IDO can be estimated by measuring the serum concentration of L
      kynurenine. Here, we investigated the role of L-kynurenine as a prognostic marker
      in R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone)
      therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Data from 73 consecutive patients treated with
      eight cycles of R-CHOP or R-THP (tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin)-COP between
      December 2002 and March 2007 were analyzed. L-kynurenine concentrations in serum
      samples obtained at admission were measured by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. RESULTS: The median serum L-kynurenine level was 1.575 microm
      (range 0.537-9.588). The complete response (CR) rates of patients with L
      kynurenine <1.5 and > or =1.5 microm were 83% and 61%, respectively (P < 0.05).
      The three-yr overall survival (OS) rates for patients with L-kynurenine <1.5 and
      > or =1.5 microm were 89% and 58%, respectively (P < 0.005). In addition, higher
      age, poor performance status, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, and
      unfavorable as well as revised International Prognosis Index were significantly
      worse factors for CR rate and OS. Multivariate analyses revealed only L
      kynurenine as an independent prognostic factor for OS. CONCLUSIONS: Serum L
      kynurenine might be a novel prognostic factor to determine the treatment outcome
      of DLBCL with the R-CHOP regimen.

PMID- 19995375
TI  - Fifteen-year quest for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor target
      genes.
AB  - Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was initially shown to play
      a key role in melanocyte differentiation through the direct transcriptional
      control of TYROSINASE, TYRP1 and DCT genes, encoding the three enzymes involved
      in melanin synthesis or melanogenesis. Sixteen years after the first description
      of MITF, more than 40 direct MITF target genes have been described. They play a
      key role in melanocyte, osteoclast and mast cell specific functions. Furthermore,
      several MITF target genes, e.g. BCL2, CDK2, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, MET and HIF1A, link
      MITF to general cellular processes such as growth or survival. In this review, we
      provide an overview of the MITF-regulated genes. We pay special attention to the
      MITF target genes in melanocytes and raise questions about target specificity.

PMID- 19995376
TI  - Ensuring optimal interdisciplinary breast care in the United States.

PMID- 19995377
TI  - The Yale University experience of early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)
      and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) treated with breast conservation treatment
      (BCT): analysis of clinical-pathologic features, long-term outcomes, and
      molecular expression of COX-2, Bcl-2, and p53 as a function of histology.
AB  - To evaluate our experience of the clinical-pathologic features and outcomes of
      early-stage Invasive Lobular (ILC) versus Invasive Ductal (IDC) carcinoma treated
      with breast conservation treatment (BCT). 142 ILC and 1,760 IDC patients were
      treated with BCT at our institution. All patients underwent breast conserving
      surgery and radiation therapy (median total dose: 64 Gy). Clinical-pathologic and
      outcome parameters were analyzed to detect differences between the two cohorts.
      In addition, COX-2, Bcl-2, and p-53 expression was analyzed from our existing
      tissue micro-array database. Median follow-up was 6.8 years. A higher percentage
      of ILC patients presented at >40 years of age (94% ILC versus 89% IDC, p =
      0.0353) and had more mammographically occult tumors (p < 0.002). There were no
      significant differences in T stage, nodal status, family history, final margin,
      ER/PR/HER-2 status or triple negative tumors (all p-values >0.05). From the
      immuno-histochemical analysis, expression of p53, COX-2, and Bcl-2 did not differ
      significantly (all p-values >0.05) between the two cohorts. At 10 years, there
      was no difference in breast relapse (20% versus 13%, p = 0.25), distant relapse
      (26% versus 20%, p = 0.28), cause-specific survival (72% versus 84%, p = 0.09)
      and OS (68% versus 78%, p = 0.08). Patients with ILC had higher contralateral
      breast relapses (26% versus 12%, p = 0.0006). Patients with early-stage ILC have
      comparable outcomes to IDC when treated with BCT. Because of the higher risk of
      contralateral breast cancers for ILC patients, careful evaluation of the
      contralateral breast will be important in the follow-up of these patients. Future
      investigations of chemo-preventive strategies to decrease contralateral breast
      cancers are warranted.

PMID- 19995378
TI  - Quantification of radio-tracer uptake in axillary lymph nodes using breast
      specific gamma imaging (BSGI): benign radio-tracer extravasation versus uptake
      secondary to breast cancer.
AB  - To develop a means of quantifying axillary radio-tracer uptake in patients
      undergoing breast specific gamma imaging. This may help differentiate uptake
      secondary to extravasation of the radio-tracer at the injection from increased
      uptake as a result of breast cancer metastatic to lymph nodes. A retrospective
      analysis of patients who had undergone breast specific gamma imaging was
      performed. Scans from 26 patients showing increased axillary uptake of radio
      tracer were identified from 939 patients reviewed. Eighteen of these patients had
      increased axillary uptake ipsilateral to the side of tracer injection in the
      absence of breast cancer on that side. Of these 18 cases, eight patients had
      pathologic proven axillary metastatic disease with increased axillary uptake
      contralateral to the side of tracer injection. The maximum signal intensity for
      each region of increased radio-tracer uptake was measured using the net maximum
      uptake per region of interest and the two groups of patients were compared.
      Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed p-value and 95%
      confidence intervals were considered statistically significant. The calculated
      means of the "net maximum uptake per region of interest" in the subjects with
      increased radio-tracer uptake secondary to radio-tracer extravasation and
      metastatic breast cancer were 177.89 and 117.25, respectively. Comparison of the
      means yielded a two-tailed p-value of 0.0498, which is statistically significant.
      There is a statistically significant greater intensity of axillary radio-tracer
      uptake when the uptake occurs secondary to extravasation when compared with
      metastases to axillary lymph nodes.

PMID- 19995379
TI  - Accelerated partial breast irradiation via the mammosite catheter: preliminary
      reports of a single-institution experience.
AB  - Several studies have shown that the majority of in-breast recurrences following
      lumpectomy are at or near the original tumor site while ipsilateral breast
      recurrences further a field occur rarely. This suggests that the radiation dose
      could be delivered exclusively to the tumor bed, allowing larger fractions to be
      used without increasing toxicity and shortening the total treatment time. We
      investigated the use of the MammoSite irradiation system with a view to analyzing
      complications, cosmesis and patient comfort. Between 2004 and 2007 intracavity
      brachytherapy was given to 30 patients using the MammoSite device. The reference
      isodose was prescribed to the lumpectomy cavity with a 1 cm margin. Geometric
      parameters and anatomic position of the applicator after implantation were
      checked via CT, x-ray and ultrasound. Analysis was done for patient quality of
      life, cosmesis, early and late complications. Forty-nine patients received a
      proposal for MammoSite brachytherapy. Nine declined, 40 enrolled while 10 were
      excluded for various reasons (Table 5). A total of 30 patients were actually
      treated to 34 Gy (2 x 3.4 Gy) in 5 days. We observed 3 cases (10%) of infection
      within 3 months of implantation. Symptomatic seroma was seen in five patients
      (16.6%) at 6 months, in three (10%) at 12 months, and in just one patient (3.3%)
      at 18 months. Good to excellent cosmetic results were achieved in 75% by patient
      and physician ratings. Accelerated partial breast irradiation using the MammoSite
      catheter produces favorable short-term outcomes, limited toxic effects on skin,
      and optimal cosmetic results. Patient tolerance for the treatment is very high.
      Critical issues may regard the importance of good cavity conformance and adequate
      balloon-skin distance in avoiding possible dose excesses to the skin. For a
      selected patient group, this could be a valid alternative to conventional whole
      breast irradiation.

PMID- 19995380
TI  - Outcomes after breast conservation treatment with radiation in women with ductal
      carcinoma in situ and prior nonbreast malignancy.
AB  - Management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is controversial, as
      not all patients progress to invasive carcinoma. This report analyzes the
      outcomes after breast conservation treatment (BCT) with radiation in patients
      with DCIS following prior malignancy at another anatomic site. The study cohort
      was comprised of 14 women with DCIS who were treated between 1978 and 2003. The
      median age at diagnosis of DCIS was 54 years (mean 56; range 37-78) and for the
      prior nonbreast malignancy was 44 years (mean 47; range 27-76). All patients
      underwent breast conservation surgery followed by whole breast radiation and
      tumor bed boost. The median and mean follow-up times after treatment of DCIS were
      8.0 and 9.1 years, respectively (range 2-18). The median and mean interval period
      between the prior malignancy and DCIS was 6.0 and 8.2 years, respectively (range
      1-30). There was one (7%) local failure, two (14%) contralateral breast cancers,
      and one (7%) death from breast cancer that occurred 7 years after BCT following
      contralateral invasive breast cancer. In this cohort of 14 patients treated for
      DCIS of the breast after a prior nonbreast malignancy, treatment for DCIS
      resulted in a high rate of local control and should be considered for curative
      intent.

PMID- 19995381
TI  - Palisaded and verocay bodies in fibroadenoma of the breast.

PMID- 19995382
TI  - Prognostic and predictive factors, treatment and clinical behavior of palpable
      versus nonpalpable breast cancer.

PMID- 19995383
TI  - Age distribution of breast cancer in the middle East, implications for screening.

PMID- 19995385
TI  - Anthrax lethal toxin promotes dephosphorylation of TTP and formation of
      processing bodies.
AB  - Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) is composed of protective antigen (PA) and lethal
      factor (LF) - PA is the receptor-binding moiety and LF is a protease that cleaves
      mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs). LeTx subverts the immune
      response to Bacillus anthracis in several ways, such as downregulating
      interleukin-8 (IL-8) by increasing the rate of IL-8 mRNA degradation. Many
      transcripts are regulated through cis-acting elements that bind proteins that
      either impede or promote degradation. Some of these RNA-binding proteins are
      regulated by MAPKs and previous work has demonstrated that interfering with MAPK
      signalling decreases the half-life of IL-8 mRNA. Here, we have localized a
      segment within the IL-8 3' untranslated region responsible for LeTx-induced
      transcript destabilization and show that this is caused by inhibition of the p38,
      ERK and JNK pathways. TTP, an RNA-binding protein involved in IL-8 mRNA decay,
      became hypophosphorylated in LeTx-treated cells and knock-down of TTP prevented
      LeTx from destabilizing the IL-8 transcript. Cells that were treated with LeTx
      exhibited increased localization of TTP to Processing bodies, which are
      structures that accumulate transcripts targeted for degradation. We furthermore
      observed that LeTx promoted the formation of Processing bodies, revealing a link
      between the toxin and a major mRNA decay pathway.

PMID- 19995386
TI  - Modelling parasite dissemination: host cell subversion and immune evasion by
      Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Protozoan parasites belong to the most widespread and devastating human
      pathogens. Their ability to manipulate host responses and establish infection in
      their hosts continues to puzzle researchers. Recent developments of experimental
      model systems are contributing to the discovery of new aspects of the biology of
      parasite dissemination. Here, we review current knowledge on strategies utilized
      by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii to disseminate and establish
      infection in its host. Recent findings have revealed intricate mechanisms by
      which this obligate intracellular protozoan sequesters cellular functions of the
      immune system to assure propagation. These mechanisms include the hijacking of
      migratory leucocytes, modulation of migratory properties of infected cells and
      rapid transfer of parasites between different leucocyte populations by
      cytotoxicity-induced parasite egress. Collectively, Toxoplasma strikes a delicate
      balance, assuring efficient dissemination and establishment of asymptomatic
      lifelong infection in its host while protecting its intracellular entity and
      limiting host pathology.

PMID- 19995387
TI  - Von Willebrand disease, angiodysplasia and atorvastatin.

PMID- 19995388
TI  - CD20-positive multiple myeloma - differential expression of cyclins D1 and D2
      suggests a heterogeneous disease.

PMID- 19995389
TI  - Alemtuzumab is safe and effective as immunosuppressive treatment for aplastic
      anaemia and single-lineage marrow failure: a pilot study and a survey from the
      EBMT WPSAA.
AB  - An alemtuzumab-based experimental immunosuppressive treatment (IST) regimen was
      investigated in 35 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA), pure red cell
      (PRCA) or pure white cell aplasia (PWCA). Alemtuzumab total dose was 73-103 mg
      s.c., followed by cyclosporine. No serious toxicity due to the regimen was
      observed. Adverse events were clinically irrelevant; infectious events were rare.
      The total response rate was 58%, 84% and 100% in SAA, PRCA and PWCA,
      respectively, with corresponding 6 months cumulative response probabilities of
      84%, 84% and 100%. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab is a feasible and sufficiently safe
      IST regimen for patients suffering from immune-mediated marrow failures.

PMID- 19995390
TI  - 188Re anti-CD66 radioimmunotherapy combined with reduced-intensity conditioning
      and in-vivo T cell depletion in elderly patients undergoing allogeneic
      haematopoietic cell transplantation.
AB  - The addition of radioimmunotherapy to conventional and reduced-intensity
      conditioning has been shown to be feasible and effective. Within an ongoing
      prospective phase II trial, 22 patients with advanced myeloid malignancies and a
      median age of 65 years (range 54-76) received anti-CD66 Rhenium
      radioimmunotherapy followed by fludarabine (150 mg/m(2)), busulfan (8 mg/kg) and
      alemtuzumab (75 mg) before allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
      from matched sibling (n = 7) and unrelated donors (n = 15). The extramedullary
      toxicity in the first 100 d post-transplantation was limited and all patients
      engrafted with complete donor chimaerism. The incidence of non-relapse mortality
      at day 100 and after 2 years was 4.5% and 23%, respectively. The probability of
      overall survival at 2 years was 40%. A comparison with a younger historical
      cohort (median age 57 years) having received the same dose of fludarabine and
      busulfan but neither radioimmunotherapy nor alemtuzumab showed no difference in
      outcome. Although the use of alemtuzumab reduced the incidence of acute graft
      versus-host-disease, it was associated with a relapse incidence of 40% despite
      the incorporation of radioimmmunotherapy. In summary, we confirmed the
      feasibility of combined radioimmunotherapy and reduced-intensity conditioning in
      elderly patients. Further optimisation, probably involving less T cell depletion,
      is necessary before a randomized comparison with standard conditioning can be
      planned.

PMID- 19995391
TI  - Prognostic relevance of in vitro response to cell stimulation via surface IgD in
      binet stage a CLL.

PMID- 19995392
TI  - Induction of complete remission of acute myeloid leukaemia by pegylated
      interferon-alpha-2a in a patient with transformed primary myelofibrosis.

PMID- 19995393
TI  - The oestrogen receptor GPER is expressed in human haematopoietic stem cells but
      not in mature megakaryocytes.

PMID- 19995394
TI  - Temporal trends in the proportion cured among adults diagnosed with acute myeloid
      leukaemia in Sweden 1973-2001, a population-based study.
AB  - Large age-dependent differences in temporal trends in 1- and 5-year relative
      survival have been observed in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in
      Sweden. This investigation used an alternative approach to studying patient
      survival that simultaneously estimated the proportion of patients cured from
      their cancer and the survival of the 'uncured'. We conducted a population-based
      study including 6439 AML patients aged 19-80 years in Sweden between 1973 and
      2001. Mixture cure models were estimated, with age at diagnosis categorised (19
      40, 41-60, 61-70 and 71-80) and year of diagnosis modelled using splines. In 1975
      the cure proportion was < or =6% in all age groups and the median survival time
      for 'uncured' patients was <0.5 years. In 2000 the cure proportion was 68% (95%
      confidence interval 56-77%) in the youngest group, and 32% (25-39%), 8% (3-21%),
      and 4% (2-8%) in the other groups, respectively. The median survival times for
      'uncured' were 0.74 (0.43-1.26), 0.71 (0.53-0.97), 0.69 (0.51-0.95) and 0.37
      (0.31-0.44) years, respectively. A dramatic improvement in the cure proportion
      was seen in younger patients, whereas improvement in older ages was mainly within
      the survival of the 'uncured'. This novel approach of analysing survival data
      could be a valuable tool for physicians, patients, health care planners and
      health economists.

PMID- 19995395
TI  - NOTCH2 links protein kinase C delta to the expression of CD23 in chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells.
AB  - One characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes is high
      expression of CD23, which has previously been identified as a downstream target
      for NOTCH2 signalling. The mechanisms regulating NOTCH2-dependent CD23
      expression, however, are largely unknown. This study showed that peripheral CLL
      cells overexpressed transcriptionally active NOTCH2 (N2(IC)), irrespective of
      their prognostic marker profile. When placed in culture, NOTCH2 activity was
      spontaneously decreased in 25 out of 31 CLL cases (81%) within 24 h. DNA-bound
      N2(IC) complexes could be maintained by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator
      phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or by gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), two CLL
      characteristic inducers of CD23 expression. Inhibition of PKC-delta by RNA
      interference or by rottlerin antagonised PMA-induced NOTCH2 activation and also
      suppressed NOTCH2 activity in CLL cases with constitutively activated NOTCH2
      signalling. In 23 out of 29 CLL cases tested (79%), DNA-bound N2(IC) complexes
      were found to be resistant to the gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) DAPT,
      suggesting that GSIs will be only effective in a subset of CLL cases. These data
      suggest that deregulation of NOTCH2 signalling is critically involved in
      maintaining the malignant phenotype of CLL lymphocytes and point to a link
      between PKC-delta and NOTCH2 signalling in the leukemic cells.

PMID- 19995396
TI  - Haemostasis and thrombosis in liver disease.
AB  - Liver disease impacts on both primary and secondary haemostatic mechanisms and
      historically these changes were thought to underpin the bleeding diathesis.
      However, bleeding complications in patients with liver disease are unpredictable,
      with the majority of haemorrhagic episodes occurring as a result of porto
      systemic varices. Thrombosis is an increasingly recognised complication and
      systemic hypercoagulability may contribute to the development of parenchymal
      extinction and accelerated hepatic fibrosis. Routine laboratory tests do not
      reliably predict the risk of haemorrhage and the optimal management strategy to
      avert potential bleeding complications is yet to be established. There may be a
      future role for global coagulation assays, such as thrombelastography and
      thrombin generation, in both stratifying the risk of bleeding and guiding
      management of these patients.

PMID- 19995397
TI  - Activated protein C action in inflammation.
AB  - Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant that plays an important role
      in coagulation homeostasis by inactivating the procoagulation factor Va and
      VIIIa. In addition to its anticoagulation functions, APC also has cytoprotective
      effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and endothelial barrier
      protection. Recently, a recombinant form of human APC (rhAPC or drotrecogin alfa
      activated; known commercially as 'Xigris') was approved by the US Federal Drug
      Administration for treatment of severe sepsis associated with a high risk of
      mortality. Sepsis, also known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
      resulting from infection, is a serious medical condition in critical care
      patients. In sepsis, hyperactive and dysregulated inflammatory responses lead to
      secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, activation and migration of
      leucocytes, activation of coagulation, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and increased
      apoptosis. Although initial hypotheses focused on antithrombotic and
      profibrinolytic functions of APC in sepsis, other agents with more potent
      anticoagulation functions were not effective in treating severe sepsis.
      Furthermore, APC therapy is also associated with the risk of severe bleeding in
      treated patients. Therefore, the cytoprotective effects, rather than the
      anticoagulant effect of APC are postulated to be responsible for the therapeutic
      benefit of APC in the treatment of severe sepsis.

PMID- 19995398
TI  - Increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein at baseline are
      associated with childhood sickle cell vasocclusive crises.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated
      with a chronic inflammatory state. In this study of 70 children with SCD at
      steady state evaluated by a broad panel of biomarkers representing previously
      examined mechanisms of pathogenicity in SCD, high sensitivity C-reactive protein
      (hs-CRP), a marker of low-grade, systemic inflammation, emerged as the most
      significant laboratory correlate of hospitalizations for pain or vaso-occlusive
      (VOC) events. While markers of increased haemolytic status, endothelial
      activation and coagulation activation all correlated positively with VOC events
      by univariate analysis, baseline hs-CRP levels provided the most significant
      contribution to the association in multiple regression models (22%), and, hs-CRP,
      along with age, provided the best fit in negative binomial models. These data
      highlight the clinical relevance of the role of inflammation in paediatric VOC,
      providing both a rationale for future therapeutic strategies targeting
      inflammation in microvessel occlusive complications of SCD, and the potential
      clinical use of hs-CRP as a biomarker in childhood SCD.

PMID- 19995399
TI  - Salvage treatment for children with refractory first or second relapse of acute
      myeloid leukaemia with gemtuzumab ozogamicin: results of a phase II study.
AB  - The prognosis of children with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
      is poor, and new therapies are needed. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an anti-CD33
      antibody linked to the antitumor antibiotic calicheamicin. We conducted an
      investigator-initiated phase II study with GO to assess its efficacy and safety,
      administering two dosages of 7.5 mg/m(2) with a 14 d-interval. Thirty children
      who were refractory to re-induction at first relapse or suffered from second
      relapse of AML received a total of 64 infusions of GO. The response rate
      [complete remission (CR) and CR with insufficient platelet recovery] was 37%.
      Nine patients were subsequently transplanted (median time to transplant, 4 weeks,
      range 3-21 weeks), and three of these patients are currently in continuous CR
      with a median follow-up of >3 years, and can considered to be cured. This
      resulted in a statistically significant survival advantage for children who
      responded to GO versus those who did not [27% (standard error 13%) vs. 0%,
      respectively, P = 0.001]. All other children died, mainly from progressive
      disease. The treatment was generally well tolerated by most patients. The
      frequency of transient transaminatis was low. All but one patient received
      defibrotide prophylaxis during the transplant procedure, and no cases of veno
      occlusive disease were noted. This study showed a favourable safety/efficacy
      profile of single-agent GO in children with refractory first or second relapse of
      AML.

PMID- 19995400
TI  - Platelets release novel thiol isomerase enzymes which are recruited to the cell
      surface following activation.
AB  - The thiol isomerase enzymes protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic
      reticulum protein 5 (ERp5) are released by resting and activated platelets. These
      re-associate with the cell surface where they modulate a range of platelet
      responses including adhesion, secretion and aggregation. Recent studies suggest
      the existence of yet uncharacterised platelet thiol isomerase proteins. This
      study aimed to identify which other thiol isomerase enzymes are present in human
      platelets. Through the use of immunoblotting, flow cytometry, cell-surface
      biotinylation and gene array analysis, we report the presence of five additional
      thiol isomerases in human and mouse platelets and megakaryocytes, namely; ERp57,
      ERp72, ERp44, ERp29 and TMX3. ERp72, ERp57, ERp44 and ERp29 are released by
      platelets and relocate to the cell surface following platelet activation. The
      transmembrane thiol isomerase TMX3 was also detected on the platelet surface but
      does not increase following activation. Extracellular PDI is also implicated in
      the regulation of coagulation by the modulation of tissue factor activity. ERp57
      was identified within platelet-derived microparticle fractions, suggesting that
      ERp57 may also be involved in the regulation of coagulation as well as platelet
      function. These data collectively implicate the expanding family of platelet
      surface thiol isomerases in the regulation of haemostasis.

PMID- 19995401
TI  - Role of 5-HT2A, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptors in the antigen-induced airway
      hyperresponsiveness in guinea-pigs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A possible role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the origin of
      antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AI-AHR) has been scarcely
      investigated. OBJECTIVE: To explore the participation of different 5-HT receptors
      in the development of AI-AHR in guinea-pigs. METHODS: Lung resistance was
      measured in anaesthetized guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA). Dose
      response curves to intravenous (i.v.) acetylcholine (ACh) were performed before
      and 1 h after antigenic challenge and expressed as the 200% provocative dose
      (PD(200)). Organ bath experiments, confocal microscopy and RT-PCR were
      additionally used. The 5-HT content in lung homogenates was measured by HPLC.
      RESULTS: Antigenic challenge significantly decreased PD(200), indicating the
      development of AI-AHR. This hyperresponsiveness was abolished by a combination of
      methiothepin (5-HT(1)/5-HT(2)/5-HT(5)/5-HT(6)/5-HT(7) receptors antagonist) and
      tropisetron (5-HT(3)/5-HT(4) antagonist). Other 5-HT receptor antagonists showed
      three different patterns of response. Firstly, WAY100135 (5-HT(1A) antagonist)
      and ondansetron (5-HT(3) antagonist) did not modify the AI-AHR. Secondly,
      SB269970 (5-HT(7) antagonist), GR113808 (5-HT(4) antagonist), tropisetron or
      methiothepin abolished the AI-AHR. Thirdly, ketanserin (5-HT(2A) antagonist)
      produced airway hyporresponsiveness. Animals with bilateral vagotomy did not
      develop AI-AHR. Experiments in tracheal rings showed that pre-incubation with
      LP44 or cisapride (agonists of 5-HT(7) and 5-HT(4) receptors, respectively)
      induced a significant increase of the cholinergic contractile response to the
      electrical field stimulation. In sensitized lung parenchyma strips, ketanserin
      diminished the contractile responses to ACh. Sensitization was associated with a
      ninefold increase in the 5-HT content of lung homogenates. Confocal microscopy
      showed that sensitization enhanced the immunolabelling and co-localization of
      nicotinic receptor and 5-HT in airway epithelium, probably located in pulmonary
      neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). RT-PCR demonstrated that neither sensitization nor
      antigen challenge modified the 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our
      results suggested that 5-HT was involved in the development of AI-AHR to ACh in
      guinea-pigs. Specifically, 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(4) and 5-HT(7) receptors seem to be
      particularly involved in this phenomenon. Participation of 5-HT might probably be
      favoured by the enhancement of the PNECs 5-HT content observed after
      sensitization.

PMID- 19995402
TI  - A systematic review of implant-supported maxillary overdentures after a mean
      observation period of at least 1 year.
AB  - AIM: The aim of the present systematic review of implant-supported maxillary
      overdentures was to assess the survival of implants, survival of maxillary
      overdentures and the condition of surrounding hard and soft tissues after a mean
      observation period of at least 1 year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MEDLINE (1950-August
      2009), EMBASE (1966-August 2009) and CENTRAL (1800-August 2009) were searched to
      identify eligible studies. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles.
      RESULTS: Out of 147 primarily selected articles, 31 studies fulfilled the
      inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis showed an implant survival rate (SR) of 98.2%
      per year in case of six implants and a bar anchorage. In case of four implants
      and a bar anchorage, the implant SR was 96.3% per person. In case of four
      implants and a ball anchorage, the implant SR was 95.2% per year. CONCLUSION: In
      all three treatment options, the SR of the implants is more than 95%. The studies
      included reveal that a maxillary overdenture supported by six dental implants,
      which are connected with a bar, is the most successful treatment regarding
      survival of both the implants and overdenture. Second in line is the treatment
      option with four implants and a bar. The treatment option with four or less
      implants and a ball attachment system is the least successful.

PMID- 19995403
TI  - Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and MPO decrease after
      periodontal therapy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study aimed at comparing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase
      (MMP)-8, tissue Inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and
      MMP-9 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP)
      patients and controls at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical therapy.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: GCF was collected from one site of 15 control subjects and
      27 CP patients. MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were determined by Enzyme-linked
      immunoabsorbent assay; different forms of MMP-9, by gelatin zymography; and MPO,
      colorimetrically. RESULTS: At baseline, higher levels of MMP-8, TIMP-2, MPO, and
      the 87 kDa-MMP-9 were found in patients compared with controls (p<0.001), and
      these molecules decreased after therapy (p<0.03). There were no differences
      between the groups with respect to the higher molecular forms of MMP-9 (180, 130,
      92 kDa) or total MMP-9 at baseline. No differences were observed in TIMP-1
      levels. In controls, decreased levels of TIMP-2 and the higher molecular forms of
      MMP-9 (180, 130, 92 kDa) were found 3 months after therapy compared with baseline
      (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of MMP-8, TIMP-2, MPO, and 87 kDa MMP-9 were
      found in the GCF of patients compared with controls, and these markers decreased
      3 months after periodontal therapy.

PMID- 19995404
TI  - Local and systemic biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid increase odds of
      periodontitis.
AB  - AIM: To determine the independent and combined associations of interleukin-1beta
      (IL-1beta) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on
      periodontitis case status in the Australian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      GCF was collected from 939 subjects selected from the 2004-2006 Australian
      National Survey of Adult Oral Health: 430 cases had examiner-diagnosed
      periodontitis, and 509 controls did not. IL-1beta and CRP in GCF were detected by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals
      (CIs) were calculated in bivariate and stratified analysis and fully adjusted ORs
      were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Greater odds of
      having periodontitis was associated with higher amounts of IL-1beta (OR=2.4, 95%
      CI=1.7-3.4 for highest tertile of IL-1beta relative to lowest tertile) and CRP
      (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.5-2.5 for detectable CRP relative to undetectable CRP). In
      stratified analysis, there was no significant interaction between biomarkers
      (p=0.68). In the multivariate analyses that controlled for conventional
      periodontal risk factors, these relationships remained (IL-1beta OR=1.8, 95%
      CI=1.1-2.6; CRP OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3-2.3). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated odds of clinical
      periodontitis was associated independently with each biomarker. This suggests
      that people with elevated biomarkers indicative of either local (IL-1beta) or
      systemic (CRP) inflammation are more likely to suffer from periodontal disease.

PMID- 19995405
TI  - Reduction of platelet thromboxane A2 production ex vivo and in vivo by
      clopidogrel therapy.

PMID- 19995406
TI  - Tumor expression of alternatively spliced tissue factor is a prognostic marker in
      non-small cell lung cancer.

PMID- 19995407
TI  - Factor VII activating protease (FSAP): caught in the cross-fire between
      polycations and polyanions.

PMID- 19995408
TI  - Mild hemophilia A.
AB  - Mild hemophilia A (HA), defined by clinical features and factor VIII coagulant
      activity (FVIII:C) between 0.05 and 0.40 IU mL(-1), is characteristically
      distinct from severe HA. Indeed, although the molecular characterization of mild
      HA has permitted the identification of specific underlying mutations, its
      clinical phenotype is strikingly different from that of patients with a severe
      FVIII defect, where spontaneous hemorrhages or recurrent joint bleeding are usual
      manifestations. With aging, mild HA patients may develop complications (i.e.
      cancers and cardiovascular disorders), the management of which may prove
      challenging due to the concomitant bleeding tendency. Furthermore, the
      development of inhibitors provides an additional major complication in these
      patients, because it increases the severity of the bleeding phenotype and
      complicates their management. Standard management of mild HA includes the use of
      desmopressin and antifibrinolytic agents for minor bleeding episodes or surgical
      procedures, whilst major bleeding or surgery requires replacement therapy with
      FVIII concentrates. As regards treatment of patients with inhibitors, bypassing
      agents (i.e. activated prothrombin complex concentrates and recombinant activated
      FVII) have proven effective in the treatment of bleeding episodes, but as there
      are insufficient data to determine the optimal approach to immune tolerance
      induction in this group of patients, their optimal management remains
      controversial. Rituximab is a newer, promising therapeutic option for inhibitor
      eradication in such patients. Many aspects concerning mild HA remain to be
      clarified, including the molecular basis, the natural history and the optimal
      diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Only large prospective studies will shed
      light on this condition.

PMID- 19995409
TI  - Expression of EMMPRIN (CD147) on circulating platelets in vivo.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: EMMPRIN (CD147) is a matrix metalloproteinase inducer
      present on leukocytes and recently identified on platelets in vitro. We examined
      platelet CD147 expression in vivo and in correlation with markers of platelet
      activation and coronary artery disease (CAD). PATIENTS/METHODS: This prospective
      observational study involved 70 subjects (55 patients with CAD and 15 controls).
      Platelet CD62P expression, PAC-1 expression, platelet-leukocyte aggregates and
      CD147 (both platelet and leukocyte) expression were assessed by flow cytometry,
      and soluble CD62P expression was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A
      full blood count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein test were performed.
      RESULTS: CD147 was expressed on 20.45% +/- 1.63% (mean +/- standard error of the
      mean) of circulating platelets, whereas CD62P and PAC-1 were expressed on 0.87%
      +/- 0.12% and 0.90% +/- 0.27% of platelets, respectively. Platelet CD147
      expression correlated with CD62P expression (r = 0.359, P = 0.002), PAC-1
      expression (r = 0.428, P < 0.001), leukocyte CD147 expression (monocyte, r =
      0.416, P = 0.001; granulocyte, r = 0.434, P < 0.001), C-reactive protein level
      and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). CAD patients had significantly higher
      CD147 mean fluorescence intensity than controls on circulating platelets (2.41 +/
      0.14 vs. 2.87 +/- 0.09, P = 0.014), monocytes (8.57 +/- 1.20 vs. 12.3 +/- 0.57,
      P = 0.006) and granulocytes (4.30 +/- 0.65 vs. 6.50 +/- 0.34, P = 0.005). Age
      adjustment eliminated the association between platelet CD147 expression and CAD,
      but the association between leukocyte CD147 expression and CAD persisted.
      According to multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of platelet CD147
      expression were monocyte CD147 expression, NLR and age. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet
      CD147 expression is evident in vivo and correlates moderately with traditional
      platelet activation markers and leukocyte CD147 expression. Platelet CD147
      expression shows a stronger association with age, and leukocyte CD147 expression
      a stronger association with clinical CAD, suggesting differences in the
      regulation of platelet and leukocyte CD147 expression in vivo.

PMID- 19995410
TI  - Hypofibrinolysis as a risk factor for recurrent venous thrombosis; results of the
      LETS follow-up study.

PMID- 19995411
TI  - Structural and functional map of a bacterial nucleoid.
AB  - Genome-wide mapping of transcription factor-DNA interactions in bacterial
      chromosomes in vivo has begun to reveal global zones occupied by these factors
      that serve two purposes: compacting the bacterial DNA and influencing global
      programs of gene transcription.

PMID- 19995412
TI  - The working mechanisms of an environmentally tailored physical activity
      intervention for older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the working mechanisms of a
      computer tailored physical activity intervention for older adults with
      environmental information compared to a basic tailored intervention without
      environmental information. METHOD: A clustered randomized controlled trial with
      two computer tailored interventions and a no-intervention control group was
      conducted among 1971 adults aged >/= 50. The two tailored interventions were
      developed using Intervention Mapping and consisted of three tailored letters
      delivered over a four-month period. The basic tailored intervention targeted
      psychosocial determinants alone, while the environmentally tailored intervention
      additionally targeted environmental determinants, by providing tailored
      environmental information. Study outcomes were collected with questionnaires at
      baseline, three and six months and comprised total physical activity (days/week),
      walking (min/week), cycling (min/week), sports (min/week), environmental
      perceptions and use and appreciation of the interventions. RESULTS: Mediation
      analyses showed that changes in cycling, sports and total physical activity
      behaviour induced by the environmentally tailored intervention were mediated by
      changes in environmental perceptions. Changes in environmental perceptions did
      not mediate the effect of the basic tailored intervention on behaviour. Compared
      with the basic tailored intervention, the environmentally tailored intervention
      significantly improved cycling behaviour (tau = 30.2). Additionally, the tailored
      letters of the environmentally tailored intervention were better appreciated and
      used, although these differences did not mediate the intervention effect.
      DISCUSSION: This study gave some first indications of the relevance of
      environmental perceptions as a determinant of changing physical activity
      behaviours and the potential effectiveness of providing environmental information
      as an intervention strategy aimed at enhancing physical activity behaviour among
      older adults.

PMID- 19995413
TI  - In silico analysis of chimeric espA, eae and tir fragments of Escherichia coli
      O157:H7 for oral immunogenic applications.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In silico techniques are highly suited for both the discovery of new
      and development of existing vaccines. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7
      (EHEC) exhibits a pattern of localized adherence to host cells, with the
      formation of microcolonies, and induces a specific histopathological lesion
      (attaching/effacing). The genes encoding the products responsible for this
      phenotype are clustered on a 35-kb pathogenicity island. Among these proteins,
      Intimin, Tir, and EspA, which are expressed by attaching-effacing genes, are
      responsible for the attachment to epithelial cell that leads to lesions. RESULTS:
      We designed synthetic genes encoding the carboxy-terminal fragment of Intimin,
      the middle region of Tir and the carboxy-terminal part of EspA. These multi genes
      were synthesized with codon optimization for a plant host and were fused together
      by the application of four repeats of five hydrophobic amino acids as linkers.
      The structure of the synthetic construct gene, its mRNA and deduced protein and
      their stabilities were analyzed by bioinformatic software. Furthermore, the
      immunogenicity of this multimeric recombinant protein consisting of three
      different domains was predicted. CONCLUSION: a structural model for a chimeric
      gene from LEE antigenic determinants of EHEC is presented. It may define
      accessibility, solubility and immunogenecity.

PMID- 19995414
TI  - Evaluation of early coronary graft patency after coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery using multislice computed tomography angiography.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the standard of care
      in the treatment of advanced coronary artery disease, and its long-term results
      are affected by the failure of bypass grafts. The aim of the present study was to
      evaluate the early patency rate in coronary bypass grafts. METHODS: A total of
      107 consecutive patients who underwent CABG were included in this study. Early
      graft patency was evaluated via computed tomography (CT) angiography in the first
      week after surgery. RESULTS: There were a total of 366 grafts, comprised of 250
      venous grafts and 116 arterial grafts. Multi-slice CT detected acute graft
      occlusions in 32 (8.7%) of all the grafts, including 26 (10%) of the 250 venous
      grafts and 6 (5%) of the 116 arterial grafts. The patency rates obtained were
      97.3% for the left internal mammary (IMA) grafts, 50% for the radial artery
      grafts, and 50% for the right IMA grafts. Additionally, 107 (96.4%) grafts to the
      left anterior descending artery (LAD) were classified as patent, whereas 1 (30%)
      of the 3 grafts in the left circumflex (LCX) region and 1 (50%) of the 2 grafts
      in the right coronary artery (RCA) territory were found to be occluded. In the
      venous category, 8 (13.7%) of the 58 grafts to LAD were found to be occluded. In
      the LCX region, 9 (8.5%) of the 106 grafts were classified as occluded, while the
      remaining 97 (91.5%) grafts were patent. The venous grafts to RCA were occluded
      in 9 (10.4%) of the 86 grafts. Amongst the multiple preoperative, intraoperative,
      and postoperative factors, pump time was significantly longer in the patients
      with occluded grafts than in those with patent grafts (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: The
      IMA grafts had the highest early patency rate amongst the coronary bypass grafts.
      However, the other arterial grafts were associated with a high rate of acute
      occlusions.

PMID- 19995416
TI  - Depauperate genetic variability detected in the American and European bison using
      genomic techniques.
AB  - A total of 929 polymorphic SNPs in EB (out of 54, 000 SNPs screened using a
      BovineSNP50 Illumina Genotyping BeadChip), and 1, 524 and 1, 403 polymorphic SNPs
      in WB and PB, respectively, were analysed. EB, WB and PB have all undergone
      recent drastic reductions in population size. Accordingly, they exhibited
      extremely depauperate genomes, deviations from genetic equilibrium and a genome
      organization consisting of a mosaic of haplotype blocks: regions with low
      haplotype diversity and high levels of linkage disequilibrium. No evidence for
      positive or stabilizing selection was found in EB, WB and PB, likely reflecting
      drift overwhelming selection. We suggest that utilization of genome-wide
      screening technologies, followed by utilization of less expensive techniques
      (e.g. VeraCode and Fluidigm EP1), holds large potential for genetic monitoring of
      populations. Additionally, these techniques will allow radical improvements of
      breeding practices in captive or managed populations, otherwise hampered by the
      limited availability of polymorphic markers. This result in improved
      possibilities for 1) estimating genetic relationships among individuals and 2)
      designing breeding strategies which attempt to preserve or reduce polymorphism in
      ecologically relevant genes and/or entire blocks.

PMID- 19995417
TI  - A fruit quality gene map of Prunus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Prunus fruit development, growth, ripening, and senescence includes
      major biochemical and sensory changes in texture, color, and flavor. The genetic
      dissection of these complex processes has important applications in crop
      improvement, to facilitate maximizing and maintaining stone fruit quality from
      production and processing through to marketing and consumption. Here we present
      an integrated fruit quality gene map of Prunus containing 133 genes putatively
      involved in the determination of fruit texture, pigmentation, flavor, and
      chilling injury resistance. RESULTS: A genetic linkage map of 211 markers was
      constructed for an intraspecific peach (Prunus persica) progeny population, Pop
      DG, derived from a canning peach cultivar 'Dr. Davis' and a fresh market cultivar
      'Georgia Belle'. The Pop-DG map covered 818 cM of the peach genome and included
      three morphological markers, 11 ripening candidate genes, 13 cold-responsive
      genes, 21 novel EST-SSRs from the ChillPeach database, 58 previously reported
      SSRs, 40 RAFs, 23 SRAPs, 14 IMAs, and 28 accessory markers from candidate gene
      amplification. The Pop-DG map was co-linear with the Prunus reference T x E map,
      with 39 SSR markers in common to align the maps. A further 158 markers were bin
      mapped to the reference map: 59 ripening candidate genes, 50 cold-responsive
      genes, and 50 novel EST-SSRs from ChillPeach, with deduced locations in Pop-DG
      via comparative mapping. Several candidate genes and EST-SSRs co-located with
      previously reported major trait loci and quantitative trait loci for chilling
      injury symptoms in Pop-DG. CONCLUSION: The candidate gene approach combined with
      bin-mapping and availability of a community-recognized reference genetic map
      provides an efficient means of locating genes of interest in a target genome. We
      highlight the co-localization of fruit quality candidate genes with previously
      reported fruit quality QTLs. The fruit quality gene map developed here is a
      valuable tool for dissecting the genetic architecture of fruit quality traits in
      Prunus crops.

PMID- 19995418
TI  - Cardiovascular risk factor assessment after pre-eclampsia in primary care.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia is associated with an increased risk of development of
      cardiovascular disease later in life. It is not known how general practitioners
      in the Netherlands care for these women after delivery with respect to
      cardiovascular risk factor management. METHODS: Review of medical records of 1196
      women in four primary health care centres, who were registered from January 2000
      until July 2007 with an International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) code
      indicating pregnancy. Records were searched for indicators of pre-eclampsia. Of
      those who experienced pre-eclampsia and of a random sample of 150 women who did
      not, the following information on cardiovascular risk factor management after
      pregnancy was extracted from the records: frequency and timing of blood pressure,
      cholesterol and glucose measurements--and vascular diagnoses. Additionally the
      sensitivity and specificity of ICPC coding for pre-eclampsia were determined.
      RESULTS: 35 women experienced pre-eclampsia. Blood pressure was more often
      checked after pregnancy in these women than in controls (57.1% vs. 12.0%,
      p<0.001). In 50% of the cases blood pressure was measured within 3 months after
      delivery with no further follow-up visit. A check for glucose and cholesterol
      levels was rare, and equally frequent in PE and control women. 20% of the
      previously normotensive women in the PE group had hypertension at one or more
      occasions after three months post partum versus none in the control group. The
      ICPC coding for pre-eclampsia showed a sensitivity of 51.4% and a specificity of
      100.0%. CONCLUSION: Despite the evidence of increased risk of future
      cardiovascular disease in women with a history of pre-eclampsia, follow-up of
      these women is insufficient and undeveloped in primary care in the Netherlands.

PMID- 19995419
TI  - Down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta-2 expression is associated
      with the reduction of cyclosporin induced gingival overgrowth in rats treated
      with roxithromycin: an experimental study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of the chronic use
      of cyclosporine (CsA), an immunosuppressant widely used to prevent rejection in
      transplant patients. Recent studies have reported elevated levels of specific
      cytokines in gingival overgrowth tissue, particularly TGF-beta, suggesting that
      this growth factor plays a role in the accumulation of extracellular matrix
      materials. The effectiveness of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, in the
      regression of this undesirable side effect has also been demonstrated. METHODS:
      In this study, we created an experimental model for assessing the therapeutic
      effect of roxithromycin in GO and the expression of transforming growth factor
      beta (TGF-beta2) through immunohistochemistry. We used four groups of rats
      totaling 32 individuals. GO was induced during five weeks and drug treatment was
      given on the 6th week as follows: group 1 received saline; group 2 received CsA
      and was treated with saline on the 6th week; group 3 received CsA and, on the 6th
      week, ampicilin; and group 4 received CsA during 5 weeks and, on the 6th week,
      was treated with roxithromycin. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that
      roxithromycin treatment was effective in reducing cyclosporine-induced GO in
      rats. Both epithelial and connective tissue showed a decrease in thickness and a
      significant reduction in TGF-beta2 expression, with a lower number of
      fibroblasts, reduction in fibrotic areas and decrease in inflammatory infiltrate.
      CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that the down-regulation of TGF-beta2
      expression may be an important mechanism of action by which roxithromycin
      inhibits GO.

PMID- 19995420
TI  - Capnometry in suspected pulmonary embolism with positive D-dimer in the field.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the greatest diagnostic
      challenges in prehospital emergency setting. Most patients with suspected PE have
      a positive D-dimer and undergo diagnostic testing. Excluding PE with additional
      non-invasive tests would reduce the need for further imaging tests. We aimed to
      determine the effectiveness of combination of clinical probability and end-tidal
      carbon dioxide (PetCO2) for evaluation of suspected PE with abnormal
      concentrations of D-dimer in prehospital emergency setting. METHODS: We assessed
      clinical probability of PE and PetCO2 measurement in 100 consecutive patients
      with suspected PE and positive D-dimer in the field. PetCO2 > 28 mmHg was
      considered as the best cut-off point. PE was excluded or confirmed by hospital
      physicians in the University Clinical Center Maribor by computer tomography (CT),
      ventilation/perfusion scan echocardiography and pulmonary angiography. RESULTS:
      PE was confirmed in 41 patients. PetCO2 had a sensitivity of 92.6% (95% CI, 79 to
      98%), a negative predictive value of 94.2% (95% CI, 83 to 99%), a specificity of
      83% (95% CI, 71 to 91%) and a positive predictive value of 79.2% (95% CI, 65 to
      89%). Thirty-five patients (35%) had both a low (PE unlikely) clinical
      probability and a normal PetCO2 (sensitivity: 100%, 95% CI: 89 to 100%) and
      twenty-eight patients (28%) had both a high clinical probability (PE likely) and
      abnormal PetCO2 (specificity: 93.2%, 95% CI: 83 to 98%). CONCLUSIONS: The
      combination of clinical probability and PetCO2 may safely rule out PE in patients
      with suspected PE and positive D-dimer in the prehospital setting.

PMID- 19995415
TI  - Identification of expressed genes during compatible interaction between stripe
      rust (Puccinia striiformis) and wheat using a cDNA library.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
      (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. To establish
      compatibility with the host, Pst forms special infection structures to invade the
      plant with minimal damage to host cells. Although compatible interaction between
      wheat and Pst has been studied using various approaches, research on molecular
      mechanisms of the interaction is limited. The aim of this study was to develop an
      EST database of wheat infected by Pst in order to determine transcription
      profiles of genes involved in compatible wheat-Pst interaction. RESULTS: Total
      RNA, extracted from susceptible infected wheat leaves harvested at 3, 5 and 8
      days post inoculation (dpi), was used to create a cDNA library, from which 5,793
      ESTs with high quality were obtained and clustered into 583 contigs and 2,160
      singletons to give a set of 2,743 unisequences (GenBank accessions: GR302385 to
      GR305127). The BLASTx program was used to search for homologous genes of the
      unisequences in the GenBank non-redundant protein database. Of the 2,743
      unisequences, 52.8% (the largest category) were highly homologous to plant genes;
      16.3% to fungal genes and 30% of no-hit. The functional classification of all
      ESTs was established based on the database entry giving the best E-value using
      the Bevan's classification categories. About 50% of the ESTs were significantly
      homologous to genes encoding proteins with known functions; 20% were similar to
      genes encoding proteins with unknown functions and 30% did not have significant
      homology to any sequence in the database. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT
      PCR) analysis determined the transcription profiles and their involvement in the
      wheat-Pst interaction for seven of the gene. CONCLUSION: The cDNA library is
      useful for identifying the functional genes involved in the wheat-Pst compatible
      interaction, and established a new database for studying Pst pathogenesis genes
      and wheat defense genes. The transcription patterns of seven genes were confirmed
      by the qRT-PCR assay to be differentially expressed in wheat-Pst compatible and
      incompatible interaction.

PMID- 19995421
TI  - Keratometry device for surgical support.
AB  - BACKGROUND: High astigmatisms are usually induced during corneal suturing
      subsequent to tissue transplantation or any other surgery which involves corneal
      suturing. One of the reasons is that the procedure is intimately dependent on the
      surgeon's skill for suturing identical stitches. In order to evaluate the
      influence of the irregularity on suturing for the residual astigmatism, a
      prototype for ophthalmic surgical support has been developed. The final intention
      of this prototype is to be an evaluation tool for guided suture and as an outcome
      diminish the postoperative astigmatism. METHODS: The system consists of hand held
      ring with 36 infrared LEDs, that is to be projected onto the lachrymal film of
      the cornea. The image is reflected back through the optics of the ocular
      microscope and its distortion from the original circular shape is evaluated by
      developed software. It provides keratometric and circularity measurements during
      surgery in order to guide the surgeon for uniformity in suturing. RESULTS: The
      system is able to provide up to 23D of astigmatism (32D - 55D range) and is +/-
      0.25D accurate. It has been tested in 14 volunteer patients intraoperative and
      has been compared to a commercial keratometer Nidek Oculus Hand-held corneal
      topographer. The correlation factors are 0.92 for the astigmatism and 0.97 for
      the associated axis. CONCLUSION: The system is potentially efficient for guiding
      the surgeon on uniformity of suturing, presenting preliminary data indicating an
      important decrease on the residual astigmatism, from an average of 8D - for
      patients not submitted to the prototype guidance - to 1.4D - for patients who
      have actually been submitted to the prototype guidance - after the first 24 hours
      post-surgery and in the subsequent weeks. It also indicates that the surgeon
      should achieve circularity greater or equal to 98% in order to avoid
      postoperative astigmatisms over 1D. TRIAL REGISTRATION:  TRIAL REGISTRATION
      NUMBER: CAAE - 0212.0.004.000-09.

PMID- 19995422
TI  - The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons among commensal
      Escherichia coli isolates from infants and elderly persons.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to compare the presence of the intI1 gene
      and its associations with the antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli
      strains in children with/without previous antibiotic treatments and elderly
      hospitalized/healthy individuals. METHODS: One-hundred-and-fifteen intestinal E.
      coli strains were analyzed: 30 strains from 10 antibiotic-naive infants; 27 from
      9 antibiotic-treated outpatient infants; 30 from 9 healthy elderly volunteers;
      and 28 from 9 hospitalized elderly patients. The MIC values of ampicillin,
      cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were
      measured by E-test and IntI1 was detected by PCR. RESULTS: Out of the 115
      strains, 56 (49%) carried class 1 integron genes. Comparing persons without
      medical interventions, we found in antibiotic-naive children a significantly
      higher frequency of integron-bearing strains and MIC values than in healthy
      elderly persons (53% versus 17%; p < 0.01). Evaluating medical interventions, we
      found a higher resistance and frequency of integrons in strains from hospitalized
      elderly persons compared with non-hospitalized ones. Children treated with
      antibiotics had strains with higher MIC values (when compared with antibiotic
      naive ones), but the integron-bearing in strains was similar. In most cases, the
      differences in resistance between the groups (integron-positive and negative
      strains separately) were higher than the differences between integron-positive
      and negative strains within the groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of integrons
      in commensal E. coli strains in persons without previous medical intervention
      depended on age. The resistance of integron-carrying and non-carrying strains is
      more dependent on influencing factors (hospitalization and antibiotic
      administration) in particular groups than merely the presence or absence of
      integrons.

PMID- 19995423
TI  - The pitfalls of platform comparison: DNA copy number array technologies assessed.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The accurate and high resolution mapping of DNA copy number
      aberrations has become an important tool by which to gain insight into the
      mechanisms of tumourigenesis. There are various commercially available platforms
      for such studies, but there remains no general consensus as to the optimal
      platform. There have been several previous platform comparison studies, but they
      have either described older technologies, used less-complex samples, or have not
      addressed the issue of the inherent biases in such comparisons. Here we describe
      a systematic comparison of data from four leading microarray technologies (the
      Affymetrix Genome-wide SNP 5.0 array, Agilent High-Density CGH Human 244A array,
      Illumina HumanCNV370-Duo DNA Analysis BeadChip, and the Nimblegen 385 K
      oligonucleotide array). We compare samples derived from primary breast tumours
      and their corresponding matched normals, well-established cancer cell lines, and
      HapMap individuals. By careful consideration and avoidance of potential sources
      of bias, we aim to provide a fair assessment of platform performance. RESULTS: By
      performing a theoretical assessment of the reproducibility, noise, and
      sensitivity of each platform, notable differences were revealed. Nimblegen
      exhibited between-replicate array variances an order of magnitude greater than
      the other three platforms, with Agilent slightly outperforming the others, and a
      comparison of self-self hybridizations revealed similar patterns. An assessment
      of the single probe power revealed that Agilent exhibits the highest sensitivity.
      Additionally, we performed an in-depth visual assessment of the ability of each
      platform to detect aberrations of varying sizes. As expected, all platforms were
      able to identify large aberrations in a robust manner. However, some focal
      amplifications and deletions were only detected in a subset of the platforms.
      CONCLUSION: Although there are substantial differences in the design, density,
      and number of replicate probes, the comparison indicates a generally high level
      of concordance between platforms, despite differences in the reproducibility,
      noise, and sensitivity. In general, Agilent tended to be the best aCGH platform
      and Affymetrix, the superior SNP-CGH platform, but for specific decisions the
      results described herein provide a guide for platform selection and study design,
      and the dataset a resource for more tailored comparisons.

PMID- 19995424
TI  - Long-term particulate matter exposure and mortality: a review of European
      epidemiological studies.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several studies considered the relation between long-term exposure to
      particulate matter (PM) and total mortality, as well as mortality from
      cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive
      review of European epidemiological studies on the issue. METHODS: We searched the
      Medline database for epidemiological studies on air pollution and health outcomes
      published between January 2002 and December 2007. We also examined the reference
      lists of individual papers and reviews. Two independent reviewers classified the
      studies according to type of air pollutant, duration of exposure and health
      outcome considered. Among European investigations that examined long-term PM
      exposure we found 4 cohort studies (considering total and cardiopulmonary
      mortality), 1 case-control study (considering mortality from myocardial
      infarction), and 4 ecologic studies (2 studies considering total and
      cardiopulmonary mortality and 2 studies focused on cardiovascular mortality).
      RESULTS: Measurement indicators of PM exposure used in European studies,
      including PM10, PM2.5, total suspended particulate and black smoke, were
      heterogeneous. This notwithstanding, in all analytic studies total mortality was
      directly associated with long-term exposure to PM. The excesses in mortality were
      mainly due to cardiovascular and respiratory causes. Three out of 4 ecologic
      studies found significant direct associations between PM indexes and mortality.
      CONCLUSION: European studies on long-term exposure to PM indicate a direct
      association with mortality, particularly from cardiovascular and respiratory
      diseases.

PMID- 19995425
TI  - Association between knee alignment and knee pain in patients surgically treated
      for medial knee osteoarthritis by high tibial osteotomy. A one year follow-up
      study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The association between knee alignment and knee pain in knee
      osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. High tibial osteotomy, a treatment option in knee
      OA, alters load from the affected to the unaffected compartment of the knee by
      correcting malalignment. This surgical procedure thus offers the possibility to
      study the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of alignment to pain. The
      aims were to study 1) the preoperative association of knee alignment to
      preoperative knee pain and 2) the association of change in knee alignment with
      surgery to change in knee pain over time in patients operated on for knee OA by
      high tibial osteotomy. METHODS: 182 patients (68% men) mean age 53 years (34 -
      69) with varus alignment having tibial osteotomy by the hemicallotasis technique
      for medial knee OA were consecutively included. Knee alignment was assessed by
      the Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle from radiographs including the hip and ankle
      joints. Knee pain was measured by the subscale pain (0 - 100, worst to best
      scale) of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperatively
      and at one year follow-up. To estimate the association between knee alignment and
      knee pain multivariate regression analyses were used. RESULTS: Mean preoperative
      varus alignment was 170 degrees (153 - 178) and mean preoperative KOOS pain was
      42 points (3 - 86). There was no association between preoperative varus alignment
      and preoperative KOOS pain, crude analysis 0.02 points (95% CI -0.6 - 0.7) change
      in pain with every degree of HKA angle, adjusted analysis 0.3 points (95% CI -1.3
      - 0.6).The mean postoperative knee alignment was 184 degrees (171 - 185). The
      mean change in knee alignment was 13 degrees (0 - 30). The mean change in KOOS
      pain was 32 (-16 - 83). There was neither any association between change in knee
      alignment and change in KOOS pain over time, crude analysis 0.3 point (95% CI 
      0.6 - 1.2), adjusted analysis 0.4 points (95% CI 0.6 - 1.4). CONCLUSION: We found
      no association between knee alignment and knee pain in patients with knee OA
      indicating that alignment and pain are separate entities, and that the degree of
      preoperative malalignment is not a predictor of knee pain after high tibial
      osteotomy.

PMID- 19995426
TI  - Reliability of the Luganda version of the Child Behaviour Checklist in measuring
      behavioural problems after cerebral malaria.
AB  - BACKGROUND: No measure of childhood behaviour has been validated in Uganda
      despite the documented risks to behaviour. Cerebral malaria in children poses a
      great risk to their behaviour, however behavioural outcomes after cerebral
      malaria have not been described in children. This study examined the reliability
      of the Luganda version of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and described the
      behavioural outcomes of cerebral malaria in Ugandan children. METHODS: The CBCL
      was administered to parents of 64 children aged 7 to 16 years participating in a
      trial to improve cognitive functioning after cerebral malaria. These children
      were assigned to the treatment or control group. The CBCL parent ratings were
      completed for the children at baseline and nine weeks later. The CBCL was
      translated into Luganda, a local language, prior to its use. Baseline scores were
      used to calculate internal consistency using Cronbach Alpha. Correlations between
      the first and second scores of the control group were used to determine test
      retest reliability. Multicultural norms for the CBCL were used to identify
      children with behavioural problems of clinical significance. RESULTS: The test
      retest reliability and internal consistency of the Internalising scales were 0.64
      and 0.66 respectively; 0.74 and 0.78 for the Externalising scale and 0.67 and
      0.83 for Total Problems. Withdrawn/Depressed (15.6%), Thought Problems (12.5%),
      Aggressive Behaviour (9.4%) and Oppositional Defiant Behaviour (9.4%) were the
      commonly reported problems. CONCLUSION: The Luganda version of the CBCL is a
      fairly reliable measure of behavioural problems in Ugandan children. Depressive
      and thought problems are likely behavioural outcomes of cerebral malaria in
      children. Further work in children with psychiatric diagnoses is required to test
      its validity in a clinical setting.

PMID- 19995427
TI  - Expression of HIWI in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is significantly
      associated with poorer prognosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: HIWI, the human homologue of Piwi family, is present in CD34+
      hematopoietic stem cells and germ cells, but not in well-differentiated cell
      populations, indicating that HIWI may play an impotent role in determining or
      maintaining stemness of these cells. That HIWI expression has been detected in
      several type tumours may suggest its association with clinical outcome in cancer
      patients. METHODS: With the methods of real-time PCR, western blot,
      immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry, the expression of HIWI in three
      esophageal squamous cancer cell lines KYSE70, KYSE140 and KYSE450 has been
      characterized. Then, we investigated HIWI expression in a series of 153
      esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using immunohistochemistry and explored its
      association with clinicopathological features. RESULTS: The expression of HIWI
      was observed in tumour cell nuclei or/and cytoplasm in 137 (89.5%) cases, 16
      (10.5%) cases were negative in both nuclei and cytoplasm. 86 (56.2%) were
      strongly positive in cytoplasm, while 49 (32.0%) were strongly positive in
      nuclei. The expression level of HIWI in cytoplasm of esophageal cancer cells was
      significantly associated with histological grade (P = 0.011), T stage (P =
      0.035), and clinic outcome (P < 0.001), while there was no correlation between
      the nuclear HIWI expression and clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION: The
      expression of HIWI in the cytoplasm of esophageal cancer cells is significantly
      associated with higher histological grade, clinical stage and poorer clinical
      outcome, indicating its possible involvement in cancer development.

PMID- 19995429
TI  - Melav2, an elav-like gene, is essential for spermatid differentiation in the
      flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Failure of sperm differentiation is one of the major causes of male
      sterility. During spermiogenesis, spermatids undergo a complex metamorphosis,
      including chromatin condensation and cell elongation. Although the resulting
      sperm morphology and property can vary depending on the species, these processes
      are fundamental in many organisms. Studying genes involved in such processes can
      thus provide important information for a better understanding of spermatogenesis,
      which might be universally applied to many other organisms. RESULTS: In a screen
      for genes that have gonad-specific expression we isolated an elav-like gene,
      melav2, from Macrostomum lignano, containing the three RNA recognition motifs
      characteristic of elav-like genes. We found that melav2 mRNA was expressed
      exclusively in the testis, as opposed to the known elav genes, which are
      expressed in the nervous system. The RNAi phenotype of melav2 was characterized
      by an aberrant spermatid morphology, where sperm elongation often failed, and an
      empty seminal vesicle. Melav2 RNAi treated worms were thus male-sterile. Further
      analysis revealed that in melav2 RNAi treated worms precocious chromatin
      condensation occurred during spermatid differentiation, resulting in an
      abnormally tightly condensed chromatin and large vacuoles in round spermatids. In
      addition, immunostaining using an early-spermatid specific antibody revealed that
      melav2 RNAi treated worms had a larger amount of signal positive cells,
      suggesting that many cells failed the transition from early spermatid stage.
      CONCLUSION: We characterize a new function for elav-like genes, showing that
      melav2 plays a crucial role during spermatid differentiation, especially in the
      regulation of chromatin condensation and/or cell elongation.

PMID- 19995430
TI  - Comprehensive characterization of the DNA amplification at 13q34 in human breast
      cancer reveals TFDP1 and CUL4A as likely candidate target genes.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer subtypes exhibit different genomic aberration
      patterns with a tendency for high-level amplifications in distinct chromosomal
      regions. These genomic aberrations may drive carcinogenesis through the
      upregulation of proto-oncogenes. We have characterized DNA amplification at the
      human chromosomal region 13q34 in breast cancer. METHODS: A set of 414 familial
      and sporadic breast cancer cases was studied for amplification at region 13q34 by
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on tissue microarrays.
      Defining the minimal common region of amplification in those cases with
      amplification at 13q34 was carried out using an array-based comparative genomic
      hybridization platform. We performed a quantitative real-time - polymerase chain
      reaction (qRT-PCR) gene expression analysis of 11 candidate genes located within
      the minimal common region of amplification. Protein expression levels of two of
      these genes (TFDP1 and CUL4A) were assessed by immunohistochemical assays on the
      same tissue microarrays used for FISH studies, and correlated with the expression
      of a panel of 33 antibodies previously analyzed. RESULTS: We have found 13q34
      amplification in 4.5% of breast cancer samples, but the frequency increased to
      8.1% in BRCA1-associated tumors and to 20% in basal-like tumors. Tumors with
      13q34 amplification were associated with high grade, estrogen receptor
      negativity, and expression of EGFR, CCNE, CK5, and P-Cadherin, among other basal
      cell markers. We have defined a 1.83 megabases minimal common region of genomic
      amplification and carried out mRNA expression analyses of candidate genes located
      therein, identifying CUL4A and TFDP1 as the most likely target genes. Moreover,
      we have confirmed that tumors with 13q34 amplification significantly overexpress
      CUL4A and TFDP1 proteins. Tumors overexpressing either CUL4A or TFDP1 were
      associated with tumor proliferation and cell cycle progression markers.
      CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 13q34 amplification may be of relevance in tumor
      progression of basal-like breast cancers by inducing overexpression of CUL4A and
      TFDP1, which are both important in cell cycle regulation. Alternatively, as these
      genes were also overexpressed in non-basal-like tumor samples, they could play a
      wider role in cancer development by inducing tumor proliferation.

PMID- 19995431
TI  - Codon usage is associated with the evolutionary age of genes in metazoan genomes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Codon usage may vary significantly between different organisms and
      between genes within the same organism. Several evolutionary processes have been
      postulated to be the predominant determinants of codon usage: selection,
      mutation, and genetic drift. However, the relative contribution of each of these
      factors in different species remains debatable. The availability of complete
      genomes for tens of multicellular organisms provides an opportunity to inspect
      the relationship between codon usage and the evolutionary age of genes. RESULTS:
      We assign an evolutionary age to a gene based on the relative positions of its
      identified homologues in a standard phylogenetic tree. This yields a
      classification of all genes in a genome to several evolutionary age classes. The
      present study starts from the observation that each age class of genes has a
      unique codon usage and proceeds to provide a quantitative analysis of the codon
      usage in these classes. This observation is made for the genomes of Homo sapiens,
      Mus musculus, and Drosophila melanogaster. It is even more remarkable that the
      differences between codon usages in different age groups exhibit similar and
      consistent behavior in various organisms. While we find that GC content and gene
      length are also associated with the evolutionary age of genes, they can provide
      only a partial explanation for the observed codon usage. CONCLUSION: While
      factors such as GC content, mutational bias, and selection shape the codon usage
      in a genome, the evolutionary history of an organism over hundreds of millions of
      years is an overlooked property that is strongly linked to GC content, protein
      length, and, even more significantly, to the codon usage of metazoan genomes.

PMID- 19995432
TI  - Prospective study on the mismatch concept in acute stroke patients within the
      first 24 h after symptom onset - 1000Plus study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The mismatch between diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion and
      perfusion imaging (PI) deficit volumes has been used as a surrogate of ischemic
      penumbra. This pathophysiology-orientated patient selection criterion for acute
      stroke treatment may have the potential to replace a fixed time window. Two
      recent trials - DEFUSE and EPITHET - investigated the mismatch concept in a
      multicenter prospective approach. Both studies randomized highly selected
      patients (n = 74/n = 100) and therefore confirmation in a large consecutive
      cohort is desirable. We here present a single-center approach with a 3T MR
      tomograph next door to the stroke unit, serving as a bridge from the ER to the
      stroke unit to screen all TIA and stroke patients. Our primary hypothesis is that
      the prognostic value of the mismatch concept is depending on the vessel status.
      Primary endpoint of the study is infarct growth determined by imaging, secondary
      endpoints are neurological deficit on day 5-7 and functional outcome after 3
      months. METHODS AND DESIGN: 1000Plus is a prospective, single centre
      observational study with 1200 patients to be recruited. All patients admitted to
      the ER with the clinical diagnosis of an acute cerebrovascular event within 24
      hours after symptom onset are screened. Examinations are performed on day 1, 2
      and 5-7 with neurological examination including National Institute of Health
      Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scoring and stroke MRI including T2*, DWI, TOF-MRA, FLAIR
      and PI. PI is conducted as dynamic susceptibility-enhanced contrast imaging with
      a fixed dosage of 5 ml 1 M Gadobutrol. For post-processing of PI, mean transit
      time (MTT) parametric images are determined by deconvolution of the arterial
      input function (AIF) which is automatically identified. Lesion volumes and
      mismatch are measured and calculated by using the perfusion mismatch analyzer
      (PMA) software from ASIST-Japan. Primary endpoint is the change of infarct size
      between baseline examination and day 5-7 follow up. DISCUSSIONS: The aim of this
      study is to describe the incidence of mismatch and the predictive value of PI for
      final lesion size and functional outcome depending on delay of imaging and
      vascular recanalization. It is crucial to standardize PI for future randomized
      clinical trials as for individual therapeutic decisions and we expect to
      contribute to this challenging task. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov
      NCT00715533.

PMID- 19995433
TI  - Genomic microsatellites identify shared Jewish ancestry intermediate between
      Middle Eastern and European populations.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Genetic studies have often produced conflicting results on the
      question of whether distant Jewish populations in different geographic locations
      share greater genetic similarity to each other or instead, to nearby non-Jewish
      populations. We perform a genome-wide population-genetic study of Jewish
      populations, analyzing 678 autosomal microsatellite loci in 78 individuals from
      four Jewish groups together with similar data on 321 individuals from 12 non
      Jewish Middle Eastern and European populations. RESULTS: We find that the Jewish
      populations show a high level of genetic similarity to each other, clustering
      together in several types of analysis of population structure. Further, Bayesian
      clustering, neighbor-joining trees, and multidimensional scaling place the Jewish
      populations as intermediate between the non-Jewish Middle Eastern and European
      populations. CONCLUSION: These results support the view that the Jewish
      populations largely share a common Middle Eastern ancestry and that over their
      history they have undergone varying degrees of admixture with non-Jewish
      populations of European descent.

PMID- 19995434
TI  - RNRdb, a curated database of the universal enzyme family ribonucleotide
      reductase, reveals a high level of misannotation in sequences deposited to
      Genbank.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyse the only known de novo
      pathway for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, and are therefore essential to DNA
      based life. While ribonucleotide reduction has a single evolutionary origin,
      significant differences between RNRs nevertheless exist, notably in cofactor
      requirements, subunit composition and allosteric regulation. These differences
      result in distinct operational constraints (anaerobicity, iron/oxygen dependence
      and cobalamin dependence), and form the basis for the classification of RNRs into
      three classes. DESCRIPTION: In RNRdb (Ribonucleotide Reductase database), we have
      collated and curated all known RNR protein sequences with the aim of providing a
      resource for exploration of RNR diversity and distribution. By comparing expert
      manual annotations with annotations stored in Genbank, we find that significant
      inaccuracies exist in larger databases. To our surprise, only 23% of protein
      sequences included in RNRdb are correctly annotated across the key attributes of
      class, role and function, with 17% being incorrectly annotated across all three
      categories. This illustrates the utility of specialist databases for applications
      where a high degree of annotation accuracy may be important. The database houses
      information on annotation, distribution and diversity of RNRs, and links to
      solved RNR structures, and can be searched through a BLAST interface. RNRdb is
      accessible through a public web interface at http://rnrdb.molbio.su.se.
      CONCLUSION: RNRdb is a specialist database that provides a reliable annotation
      and classification resource for RNR proteins, as well as a tool to explore
      distribution patterns of RNR classes. The recent expansion in available genome
      sequence data have provided us with a picture of RNR distribution that is more
      complex than believed only a few years ago; our database indicates that RNRs of
      all three classes are found across all three cellular domains. Moreover, we find
      a number of organisms that encode all three classes.

PMID- 19995435
TI  - Expression of RECK and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in ameloblastoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a frequent odontogenic benign tumor characterized by
      local invasiveness, high risk of recurrence and occasional metastasis and
      malignant transformation. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) promotes tumor
      invasion and progression by destroying the extracellular matrix (ECM) and
      basement membrane. For this proteolytic activity, the endogenous inhibitor is
      reversion-inducing cysteine rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK). The aim of
      this study was to characterize the relationship between RECK and MMP-2 expression
      and the clinical manifestation of ameloblastoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry
      and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to
      detect the protein and mRNA expression of RECK and MMP-2 in keratocystic
      odontogenic tumor (KCOT), ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. RESULTS: RECK
      protein expression was significantly reduced in KCOT (87.5%), ameloblastoma
      (56.5%) and ameloblastic carcinoma (0%) (P < 0.01), and was significantly lower
      in recurrent ameloblastoma compared with primary ameloblastoma (P < 0.01), but
      did not differ by histological type of ameloblastoma. MMP-2 protein expression
      was significantly higher in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma compared
      with KCOT (P < 0.01). RECK mRNA expression was significantly lower in
      ameloblastoma than in KCOT (P < 0.01), lower in recurrent ameloblastoma than in
      primary ameloblastoma, and was negative in ameloblastic carcinoma. MMP-2 mRNA
      expression was significantly higher in ameloblastoma compared with KCOT (P <
      0.01), but was no different in recurrent ameloblastoma versus primary
      ameloblastoma. RECK protein expression was negatively associated with MMP-2
      protein expression in ameloblastoma (r = -0.431, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Low or no
      RECK expression and increased MMP-2 expression may be associated with negative
      clinical findings in ameloblastoma. RECK may participate in the invasion,
      recurrence and malignant transformation of ameloblastoma by regulating MMP-2 at
      the post-transcriptional level.

PMID- 19995437
TI  - Hidden burden of malaria in Indian women.
AB  - Malaria is endemic in India with an estimated 70-100 million cases each year (1.6
      1.8 million reported by NVBDCP); of this 50-55% are Plasmodium vivax and 45-50%
      Plasmodium falciparum. A recent study on malaria in pregnancy reported from
      undivided Madhya Pradesh state (includes Chhattisgarh state), that an estimated
      over 220,000 pregnant women contract malaria infection each year. Malaria in
      pregnancy caused- abortions 34.5%; stillbirths 9%; and maternal deaths 0.45%.
      Bulk of this tragic outcome can be averted by following the Roll Back Malaria/WHO
      recommendations of the use of malaria prevention i.e. indoor residual spraying
      (IRS)/insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) preferably long-lasting treated bed nets
      (LLIN); intermittent preventive therapy (IPT); early diagnosis, prompt and
      complete treatment using microscopic/malaria rapid diagnostics test (RDT) and
      case management. High incidence in pregnancy has arisen because of malaria
      surveillance lacking coverage, lack of age and sex wise data, staff shortages,
      and intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) applicable in high transmission
      states/pockets is not included in the national drug policy- an essential
      component of fighting malaria in pregnancy in African settings. Inadequate
      surveillance and gross under-reporting has been highlighted time and again for
      over three decades. As a result the huge problem of malaria in pregnancy reported
      occasionally by researchers has remained hidden. Malaria in pregnancy may quicken
      severity in patients with drug resistant parasites, anaemia, endemic poverty, and
      malnutrition. There is, therefore, urgent need to streamline malaria control
      strategies to make a difference in tackling this grim scenario in human health.

PMID- 19995436
TI  - Cytosolic N-terminal arginine-based signals together with a luminal signal target
      a type II membrane protein to the plant ER.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In eukaryotic cells, the membrane compartments that constitute the
      exocytic pathway are traversed by a constant flow of lipids and proteins. This is
      particularly true for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the main "gateway of the
      secretory pathway", where biosynthesis of sterols, lipids, membrane-bound and
      soluble proteins, and glycoproteins occurs. Maintenance of the resident proteins
      in this compartment implies they have to be distinguished from the secretory
      cargo. To this end, they must possess specific ER localization determinants to
      prevent their exit from the ER, and/or to interact with receptors responsible for
      their retrieval from the Golgi apparatus. Very few information is available about
      the signal(s) involved in the retention of membrane type II protein in the ER but
      it is generally accepted that sorting of ER type II cargo membrane proteins
      depends on motifs mainly located in their cytosolic tails. RESULTS: Here, using
      Arabidopsis glucosidase I as a model, we have identified two types of signals
      sufficient for the location of a type II membrane protein in the ER. A first
      signal is located in the luminal domain, while a second signal corresponds to a
      short amino acid sequence located in the cytosolic tail of the membrane protein.
      The cytosolic tail contains at its N-terminal end four arginine residues
      constitutive of three di-arginine motifs (RR, RXR or RXXR) independently
      sufficient to confer ER localization. Interestingly, when only one di-arginine
      motif is present, fusion proteins are located both in the ER and in mobile
      punctate structures, distinct but close to Golgi bodies. Soluble and membrane ER
      protein markers are excluded from these punctate structures, which also do not
      colocalize with an ER-exit-site marker. It is hypothesized they correspond to
      sites involved in Golgi to ER retrotransport. CONCLUSION: Altogether, these
      results clearly show that cytosolic and luminal signals responsible for ER
      retention could coexist in a same type II membrane protein. These data also
      suggest that both retrieval and retention mechanisms govern protein residency in
      the ER membrane. We hypothesized that mobile punctate structures not yet
      described at the ER/Golgi interface and tentatively named GERES, could be
      involved in retrieval mechanisms from the Golgi to the ER.

PMID- 19995438
TI  - Mixed integer programming model for optimizing the layout of an ICU vehicle.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This paper presents a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model for
      designing the layout of the Intensive Care Units' (ICUs) patient care space. In
      particular, this MIP model was developed for optimizing the layout for materials
      to be used in interventions. This work was developed within the framework of a
      joint project between the Madrid Technical Unverstity and the Medical Emergency
      Services of the Madrid Regional Government (SUMMA 112). METHODS: The first task
      was to identify the relevant information to define the characteristics of the new
      vehicles and, in particular, to obtain a satisfactory interior layout to locate
      all the necessary materials. This information was gathered from health workers
      related to ICUs. With that information an optimization model was developed in
      order to obtain a solution. From the MIP model, a first solution was obtained,
      consisting of a grid to locate the different materials needed for the ICUs. The
      outcome from the MIP model was discussed with health workers to tune the
      solution, and after slightly altering that solution to meet some requirements
      that had not been included in the mathematical model, the eventual solution was
      approved by the persons responsible for specifying the characteristics of the new
      vehicles. According to the opinion stated by the SUMMA 112's medical group
      responsible for improving the ambulances (the so-called "coaching group"), the
      outcome was highly satisfactory. Indeed, the final design served as a basis to
      draw up the requirements of a public tender. RESULTS: As a result from solving
      the Optimization model, a grid was obtained to locate the different necessary
      materials for the ICUs. This grid had to be slightly altered to meet some
      requirements that had not been included in the mathematical model. The results
      were discussed with the persons responsible for specifying the characteristics of
      the new vehicles. CONCLUSION: The outcome was highly satisfactory. Indeed, the
      final design served as a basis to draw up the requirements of a public tender.
      The authors advocate this approach to address similar problems within the field
      of Health Services to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the
      processes involved. Problems such as those in operation rooms or emergency rooms,
      where the availability of a large amount of material is critical are eligible to
      be dealt with in a simmilar manner.

PMID- 19995439
TI  - A close examination of double filtering with fold change and T test in microarray
      analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many researchers use the double filtering procedure with fold change
      and t test to identify differentially expressed genes, in the hope that the
      double filtering will provide extra confidence in the results. Due to its
      simplicity, the double filtering procedure has been popular with applied
      researchers despite the development of more sophisticated methods. RESULTS: This
      paper, for the first time to our knowledge, provides theoretical insight on the
      drawback of the double filtering procedure. We show that fold change assumes all
      genes to have a common variance while t statistic assumes gene-specific
      variances. The two statistics are based on contradicting assumptions. Under the
      assumption that gene variances arise from a mixture of a common variance and gene
      specific variances, we develop the theoretically most powerful likelihood ratio
      test statistic. We further demonstrate that the posterior inference based on a
      Bayesian mixture model and the widely used significance analysis of microarrays
      (SAM) statistic are better approximations to the likelihood ratio test than the
      double filtering procedure. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate through hypothesis testing
      theory, simulation studies and real data examples, that well constructed
      shrinkage testing methods, which can be united under the mixture gene variance
      assumption, can considerably outperform the double filtering procedure.

PMID- 19995441
TI  - Management of dyslipidemia in children.
AB  - Dyslipidemia is an important etiologic factor in the development of
      cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a leading cause of death worldwide. As CVD
      begins in childhood, and as dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for CVD,
      screening and treatment of dyslipidemia in adolescents and children becomes an
      important health matter. This review deals with issues related to screening,
      diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.

PMID- 19995440
TI  - Variability in childhood allergy and asthma across ethnicity, language, and
      residency duration in El Paso, Texas: a cross-sectional study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We evaluated the impact of migration to the USA-Mexico border city of
      El Paso, Texas (USA), parental language preference, and Hispanic ethnicity on
      childhood asthma to differentiate between its social and environmental
      determinants. METHODS: Allergy and asthma prevalence was surveyed among 9797
      fourth and fifth grade children enrolled in the El Paso Independent School
      District. Parents completed a respiratory health questionnaire, in either English
      or Spanish, and a sub-sample of children received spirometry testing at their
      school. Here we report asthma and allergy outcomes across ethnicity and El Paso
      residency duration. RESULTS: Asthma and allergy prevalence increased with longer
      duration of El Paso residency independent of ethnicity and preferred language.
      Compared with immigrants who arrived in El Paso after entering first grade (18%),
      lifelong El Paso residents (68%) had more prevalent allergy (OR, 1.72; 95% CI,
      1.32 - 2.24), prevalent asthma (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.24 - 2.46), and current
      asthma (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.37 - 2.95). Spirometric measurements (FEV1/FVC and
      FEF25-75) also declined with increasing duration of El Paso residency (0.16% and
      0.35% annual reduction, respectively). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a
      community-wide environmental exposure in El Paso, delayed pulmonary development,
      or increased health of immigrants may be associated with allergy and asthma
      development in children raised there.

PMID- 19995442
TI  - DYRK1A genetic variants are not linked to Alzheimer's disease in a Spanish case
      control cohort.
AB  - BACKGROUND: As dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A
      (DYRK1A) has been implicated in the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in
      Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, and the development of neurofibrillary tangles,
      we examined the contribution of this gene to the susceptibility for AD. METHODS:
      We examined genetic variations of DYRK1A by genotyping haplotype tagging SNPs
      (htSNPs) (rs11701483, rs2835740, rs1137600, rs2835761, rs2835762, rs2154545 and
      rs8132976) in a group of 634 Spanish AD cases and 733 controls. RESULTS: There
      were no differences in the genotypic, allelic or haplotypic distributions between
      cases and controls in the overall analysis or after stratification by APOE
      epsilon4 allele. CONCLUSION: Our negative findings in the Spanish population
      argue against the hypothesis that DYRK1A genetic variations are causally related
      to AD risk. Still, additional studies using different sets of patients and
      control subjects deserve further attention, since supporting evidence for
      association between DYRK1A gene and AD risk in the Japanese population exists.

PMID- 19995443
TI  - Three synchronous primary carcinomas in a patient with HNPCC associated with a
      novel germline mutation in MLH1: Case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: MLH1 is one of six known genes responsible for DNA mismatch repair
      (MMR), whose inactivation leads to HNPCC. It is important to develop genotype
      phenotype correlations for HNPCC, as is being done for other hereditary cancer
      syndromes, in order to guide surveillance and treatment strategies in the future.
      CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 47 year-old male with hereditary nonpolyposis
      colorectal cancer (HNPCC) associated with a novel germline mutation in MLH1. This
      patient expressed a rare and severe phenotype characterized by three synchronous
      primary carcinomas: ascending and splenic flexure colon adenocarcinomas, and
      ureteral carcinoma. Ureteral neoplasms in HNPCC are most often associated with
      mutations in MSH2 and rarely with mutations in MLH1. The reported mutation is a
      two base pair insertion into exon 10 (c.866_867insCA), which results in a
      premature stop codon. CONCLUSION: Our case demonstrates that HNPCC patients with
      MLH1 mutations are also at risk for ureteral neoplasms, and therefore urological
      surveillance is essential. This case adds to the growing list of disease-causing
      MMR mutations, and contributes to the development of genotype-phenotype
      correlations essential for assessing individual cancer risk and tailoring of
      optimal surveillance strategies. Additionally, our case draws attention to
      limitations of the Amsterdam Criteria and the need to maintain a high index of
      suspicion when newly diagnosed colorectal cancer meets the Bethesda Criteria.
      Establishment of the diagnosis is the crucial first step in initiating
      appropriate surveillance for colorectal cancer and other HNPCC-associated tumors
      in at-risk individuals.

PMID- 19995444
TI  - Psychological benefits 2 and 4 weeks after a single treatment with near infrared
      light to the forehead: a pilot study of 10 patients with major depression and
      anxiety.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported beneficial effects from the application of
      near-infrared (NIR) light photobiomodulation (PBM) to the body, and one group has
      reported beneficial effects applying it to the brain in stroke patients. We have
      reported that the measurement of a patient's left and right hemispheric emotional
      valence (HEV) may clarify data and guide lateralized treatments. We sought to
      test whether a NIR treatment could 1. improve the psychological status of
      patients, 2. show a relationship between immediate psychological improvements
      when HEV was taken into account, and 3. show an increase in frontal pole regional
      cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and 4. be applied without side effects. METHODS: We
      gave 10 patients, (5 M/5 F) with major depression, including 9 with anxiety, 7
      with a past history of substance abuse (6 with an opiate abuse and 1 with an
      alcohol abuse history), and 3 with post traumatic stress disorder, a baseline
      standard diagnostic interview, a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), a
      Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and a Positive and Negative Affect Scale
      (PANAS). We then gave four 4-minute treatments in a random order: NIR to left
      forehead at F3, to right forehead at F4, and placebo treatments (light off) at
      the same sites. Immediately following each treatment we repeated the PANAS, and
      at 2-weeks and at 4-weeks post treatment we repeated all 3 rating scales. During
      all treatments we recorded total hemoglobin (cHb), as a measure of rCBF with a
      commercial NIR spectroscopy device over the left and the right frontal poles of
      the brain. RESULTS: At 2-weeks post treatment 6 of 10 patients had a remission (a
      score </= 10) on the HAM-D and 7 of 10 achieved this on the HAM-A. Patients
      experienced highly significant reductions in both HAM-D and HAM-A scores
      following treatment, with the greatest reductions occurring at 2 weeks. Mean rCBF
      across hemispheres increased from 0.011 units in the off condition to 0.043 units
      in the on condition, for a difference of 0.032 (95% CI: -0.016, 0.080) units,
      though this result did not reach statistical significance. Immediately after
      treatment the PANAS improved to a significantly greater extent with NIR "on"
      relative to NIR "off" when a hemisphere with more positive HEV was treated than
      when one with more negative HEV was treated. We observed no side effects.
      CONCLUSION: This small feasibility study suggests that NIR-PBM may have utility
      for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders and that double
      blind randomized placebo-controlled trials are indicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION:
      ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00961454.

PMID- 19995445
TI  - Cardiac rehabilitation in Austria: long term health-related quality of life
      outcomes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The goal of cardiac rehabilitation programs is not only to prolong
      life but also to improve physical functioning, symptoms, well-being, and health
      related quality of life (HRQL). The aim of this study was to document the long
      term effect of a 1-month inpatient cardiac rehabilitation intervention on HRQL in
      Austria. METHODS: Patients (N = 487, 64.7% male, age 60.9 +/- 12.5 SD years)
      after myocardial infarction, with or without percutaneous interventions, coronary
      artery bypass grafting or valve surgery underwent inpatient cardiac
      rehabilitation and were included in this long-term observational study (two years
      follow-up). HRQL was measured with both the MacNew Heart Disease Quality of Life
      Instrument [MacNew] and EuroQoL-5D [EQ-5D]. RESULTS: All MacNew scale scores
      improved significantly (p < 0.001) and exceeded the minimal important difference
      (0.5 MacNew points) by the end of rehabilitation. Although all MacNew scale
      scores deteriorated significantly over the two year follow-up period (p < .001),
      all MacNew scale scores still remained significantly higher than the pre
      rehabilitation values. The mean improvement after two years in the MacNew social
      scale exceeded the minimal important difference while MacNew scale scores greater
      than the minimal important difference were reported by 40-49% of the patients.Two
      years after rehabilitation the mean improvement in the EQ-5D Visual Analogue
      Scale score was not significant with no significant change in the proportion of
      patients reporting problems at this time. CONCLUSION: These findings provide a
      first indication that two years following inpatient cardiac rehabilitation in
      Austria, the long-term improvements in HRQL are statistically significant and
      clinically relevant for almost 50% of the patients. Future controlled randomized
      trials comparing different cardiac rehabilitation programs are needed.

PMID- 19995446
TI  - The Libyan doctors' brain drain: an exploratory study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Medical emigration from developing to developed countries is a well
      established phenomenon of substantial importance. Though Libya is classified as
      an upper-middle income country, it has been affected by this trend. This study
      was undertaken to identify some of the possible reasons behind the emigration of
      Libyan doctors and factors that might motivate them to return. FINDINGS: Seventy
      four completed questionnaires were analysed. Median age of the respondents was 43
      years (33-60) and median duration of stay outside Libya was 15 years (6-29). Most
      of the participants were resident in Europe (66%). The desire to further their
      education and research was the main reason given by 88% of the respondents for
      leaving Libya, while 50% of them gave that as the main reason for staying abroad.
      One-third of the respondents (31%) cited economic factors as the main reason for
      not returning. None of the respondents ruled out returning to Libya, and about
      half of them stated that they definitely or probably will return to Libya. 58%
      ranked reform of the Libyan health system as the most important reason that could
      induce them to return to Libya. CONCLUSION: The study shows that reforming the
      health care system in Libya might induce some of the physicians who moved abroad
      mainly for educational and economic reasons to return to Libya to practice
      medicine.

PMID- 19995447
TI  - Fecal bile acid excretion and messenger RNA expression levels of ileal
      transporters in high risk gallstone patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cholesterol gallstone disease (GS) is highly prevalent among
      Hispanics and American Indians. In GS, the pool of bile acids (BA) is decreased,
      suggesting that BA absorption is impaired. In Caucasian GS patients, mRNA levels
      for ileal BA transporters are decreased. We aimed to determine fecal BA excretion
      rates, mRNA levels for ileal BA transporter genes and of regulatory genes of BA
      synthesis in Hispanic GS patients. RESULTS: Excretion of fecal BA was measured in
      seven GS females and in ten GS-free individuals, all with a body mass index < 29.
      Participants ingested the stool marker Cr2O3 (300 mg/day) for 10 days, and fecal
      specimens were collected on the last 3 days. Chromium was measured by a
      colorimetric method, and BA was quantitated by gas chromatography/mass
      spectroscopy. Intake of calories, nutrients, fiber and cholesterol were similar
      in the GS and GS-free subjects. Mean BA excretion levels were 520 +/- 80 mg/day
      for the GS-free group, and 461 +/- 105 mg/day for the GS group. Messenger RNA
      expression levels were determined by RT-PCR on biopsy samples obtained from ileum
      during diagnostic colonoscopy (14 GS-free controls and 16 GS patients) and from
      liver during surgery performed at 8 and 10 AM (12 GS and 10 GS-free patients
      operated on for gastrointestinal malignancies), all with a body mass index < 29.
      Messenger RNA level of the BA transporter genes for ileal lipid binding protein,
      multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, organic solute transporter alpha, and
      organic solute transporter beta were similar in GS and GS-free subjects.
      Messenger RNA level of Cyp27A1, encoding the enzyme 27alpha-hydroxylase, the
      short heterodimer partner and farnesoid X receptor remained unchanged, whereas
      the mRNA level of Cyp7A1, the rate limiting step of BA synthesis, was increased
      more than 400% (p < 0.01) in the liver of GS compared to GS-free subjects.
      CONCLUSION: Hispanics with GS have fecal BA excretion rates and mRNA levels of
      genes for ileal BA transporters that are similar to GS-free subjects. However,
      mRNA expression levels of Cyp7A1 are increased in GS, indicating that regulation
      of BA synthesis is abnormal in Hispanics with GS.

PMID- 19995448
TI  - What impact do posters have on academic knowledge transfer? A pilot survey on
      author attitudes and experiences.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Research knowledge is commonly facilitated at conferences via oral
      presentations, poster presentations and workshops. Current literature exploring
      the efficacy of academic posters is however limited. The purpose of this initial
      study was to explore the perceptions of academic poster presentation, together
      with its benefits and limitations as an effective mechanism for academic
      knowledge transfer and contribute to the available academic data. METHODS: A
      survey was distributed to 88 delegates who presented academic posters at two
      Releasing Research and Enterprise Potential conferences in June 2007 and June
      2008 at Bournemouth University. This survey addressed attitude and opinion items,
      together with their general experiences of poster presentations. Descriptive
      statistics were performed on the responses. RESULTS: A 39% return was achieved
      with the majority of respondents believing that posters are a good medium for
      transferring knowledge and a valid form of academic publication. Visual appeal
      was cited as more influential than subject content, with 94% agreeing that poster
      imagery is most likely to draw viewer's attention. Respondents also believed that
      posters must be accompanied by their author in order to effectively communicate
      the academic content. CONCLUSION: This pilot study is the first to explore
      perceptions of the academic poster as a medium for knowledge transfer. Given that
      academic posters rely heavily on visual appeal and direct author interaction, the
      medium requires greater flexibility in their design to promote effective
      knowledge transfer. This paper introduces the concept of the IT-based
      'MediaPoster' so as to address the issues raised within published literature and
      subsequently enhance knowledge-transfer within the field of academic medicine.

PMID- 19995449
TI  - Geographical classifications to guide rural health policy in Australia.
AB  - The Australian Government's recent decision to replace the Rural Remote and
      Metropolitan Area (RRMA) classification with the Australian Standard Geographical
      Classification - Remoteness Areas (ASGC-RA) system highlights the ongoing
      significance of geographical classifications for rural health policy,
      particularly in relation to improving the rural health workforce supply. None of
      the existing classifications, including the government's preferred choice, were
      designed specifically to guide health resource allocation, and all exhibit strong
      weaknesses when applied as such. Continuing reliance on these classifications as
      policy tools will continue to result in inappropriate health program resource
      distribution. Purely 'geographical' classifications alone cannot capture all
      relevant aspects of rural health service provision within a single measure.
      Moreover, because many subjective decisions (such as the choice of algorithm and
      breakdown of groupings) influence a classification's impact and acceptance from
      its users, policy-makers need to specify explicitly the purpose and role of their
      different programs as the basis for developing and implementing appropriate
      decision tools such as 'rural-urban' classifications. Failure to do so will
      continue to limit the effectiveness that current rural health support and
      incentive programs can have in achieving their objective of improving the
      provision of health care services to rural populations though affirmative action
      programs.

PMID- 19995450
TI  - Examining the dimensions and correlates of workplace stress among Australian
      veterinarians.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although stress is known to be a common occupational health issue in
      the veterinary profession, few studies have investigated its broad domains or the
      internal validity of the survey instrument used for assessment. METHODS: We
      analysed data from over 500 veterinarians in Queensland, Australia, who were
      surveyed during 2006-07. RESULTS: The most common causes of stress were reported
      to be long hours worked per day, not having enough holidays per year, not having
      enough rest breaks per day, the attitude of customers, lack of recognition from
      the public and not having enough time per patient. Age, gender and practice type
      were statistically associated with various aspects of work-related stress. Strong
      correlations were found between having too many patients per day and not having
      enough time per patient; between not having enough holidays and long working
      hours; and also between not enough rest breaks per day and long working hours.
      Factor analysis revealed four dimensions of stress comprising a mixture of
      career, professional and practice-related items. The internal validity of our
      stress questionnaire was shown to be high during statistical analysis.
      CONCLUSION: Overall, this study suggests that workplace stress is fairly common
      among Australian veterinarians and represents an issue that occupies several
      distinct areas within their professional life.

PMID- 19995451
TI  - Jellyfish mucin may have potential disease-modifying effects on osteoarthritis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the effects of intra-articular injection of
      jellyfish mucin (qniumucin) on articular cartilage degeneration in a model of
      osteoarthritis (OA) created in rabbit knees by resection of the anterior cruciate
      ligament. Qniumucin was extracted from Aurelia aurita (moon jellyfish) and
      Stomolophus nomurai (Nomura's jellyfish) and purified by ion exchange
      chromatography. The OA model used 36 knees in 18 Japanese white rabbits. Purified
      qniumucin extracts from S. nomurai or A. aurita were used at 1 mg/ml. Rabbits
      were divided into four groups: a control (C) group injected with saline; a
      hyaluronic acid (HA)-only group (H group); two qniumucin-only groups (M groups);
      and two qniumucin + HA groups (MH groups). One milligram of each solution was
      injected intra-articularly once a week for 5 consecutive weeks, starting from 4
      weeks after surgery. Ten weeks after surgery, the articular cartilage was
      evaluated macroscopically and histologically. RESULTS: In the C and M groups,
      macroscopic cartilage defects extended to the subchondral bone medially and
      laterally. When the H and both MH groups were compared, only minor cartilage
      degeneration was observed in groups treated with qniumucin in contrast to the
      group without qniumucin. Histologically, densely safranin-O-stained cartilage
      layers were observed in the H and two MH groups, but cartilage was strongly
      maintained in both MH groups. CONCLUSION: At the concentrations of qniumucin used
      in this study, injection together with HA inhibited articular cartilage
      degeneration in this model of OA.

PMID- 19995452
TI  - Human mammary cancer progression model recapitulates methylation events
      associated with breast premalignancy.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: We have previously identified a rare subpopulation of variant human
      mammary epithelial cells (vHMEC) with repressed p16INK4A that exist in disease
      free women yet display premalignant properties, suggesting that they have engaged
      the process of malignant transformation. In order to gain insight into the
      molecular alterations required for vHMEC to progress to malignancy, and to
      characterize the epigenetic events associated with early progression, we examined
      the effect of oncogenic stress on the behavior of these cells. METHODS: HMEC that
      express p16INK4A and vHMEC that do not, were transduced with constitutively
      active Ha-rasV12 and subsequently exposed to serum to determine whether signals
      from the cellular microenvironment could cooperate with ras to promote the
      malignant transformation of vHMEC. Epigenetic alterations were assessed using
      methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: vHMEC expressing
      Ha-rasV12 (vHMEC-ras) bypassed the classic proliferative arrest that has been
      previously documented in normal fibroblasts following oncogenic stress, and that
      we also observe here in normal HMEC. Moreover, vHMEC-ras cells exhibited many
      additional alterations that are observed during progression to malignancy such as
      the generation of chromosomal abnormalities, upregulation of telomerase activity,
      immortalization following exposure to serum, and anchorage-independent growth,
      but they did not form tumors following orthotopic injection in vivo. Associated
      with their early progression to malignancy was an increase in the number of genes
      methylated, two of which (RASSF1A and SFRP1) were also methylated in other
      immortalized mammary cell lines as well as in breast cancer cells and tissues.
      CONCLUSIONS: We have characterized a mammary progression model that recapitulates
      molecular and methylation alterations observed in many breast cancers. Our data
      suggest that concomitant methylation of RASSF1A and SFRP1 marks an early event in
      mammary transformation and may thus have prognostic potential.

PMID- 19995453
TI  - Comparative study of paediatric prescription drug utilization between the Spanish
      and immigrant population.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The immigrant population has increased greatly in Spain in recent
      years to the point where immigrants made up 12% of the infant population in 2008.
      There is little information available on the profile of this group with regard to
      prescription drug utilization in universal public health care systems such as
      that operating in Spain. This work studies the overall and specific differences
      in prescription drug utilization between the immigrant and Spanish population.
      METHODS: Use was made of the Aragonese Health Service databases for 2006. The
      studied population comprises 159,908 children aged 0-14 years, 13.6% of whom are
      foreign nationals. Different utilization variables were calculated for each
      group. Prescription-drug consumption is measured in Defined Daily Doses (DDD) and
      DDD/1000 persons/day/(DID). RESULTS: A total of 833,223 prescriptions were
      studied. Utilization is lower for immigrant children than in Spanish children for
      both DID (66.27 v. 113.67) and average annual expense (euro21.55 v. euro41.14).
      Immigrant children consume fewer prescription drugs than Spanish children in all
      of the therapy groups, with the most prescribed (in DID) being: respiratory
      system, anti-infectives for systemic use, nervous system, sensory organs.
      Significant differences were observed in relation to the type of drugs and the
      geographical background of immigrants. CONCLUSION: Prescription drug utilization
      is much greater in Spanish children than in immigrant children, particularly with
      reference to bronchodilators (montelukast and terbutaline) and attention-disorder
      hyperactivity drugs such as methylphenidate. There are important differences
      regarding drug type and depending on immigrants' geographical backgrounds that
      suggest there are social, cultural and access factors underlying these
      disparities.

PMID- 19995455
TI  - ParticipACTION: Overview and introduction of baseline research on the "new"
      ParticipACTION.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This paper provides a brief overview of the Canadian physical
      activity communications and social marketing organization "ParticipACTION";
      introduces the "new" ParticipACTION; describes the research process leading to
      the collection of baseline data on the new ParticipACTION; and outlines the
      accompanying series of papers in the supplement presenting the detailed baseline
      data. METHODS: Information on ParticipACTION was gathered from close personal
      involvement with the organization, from interviews and meetings with key leaders
      of the organization, from published literature and from ParticipACTION archives.
      In 2001, after nearly 30 years of operation, ParticipACTION ceased operations
      because of inadequate funding. In February 2007 the organization was officially
      resurrected and the launch of the first mass media campaign of the "new"
      ParticipACTION occurred in October 2007. The six-year absence of ParticipACTION,
      or any equivalent substitute, provided a unique opportunity to examine the impact
      of a national physical activity social marketing organization on important
      individual and organizational level indicators of success. A rapid response
      research team was established in January 2007 to exploit this natural
      intervention research opportunity. RESULTS: The research team was successful in
      obtaining funding through the new Canadian Institutes of Health Research
      Intervention Research (Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention) Funding
      Program. Data were collected on individuals and organizations prior to the
      complete implementation of the first mass media campaign of the new
      ParticipACTION. CONCLUSION: Rapid response research and funding mechanisms
      facilitated the collection of baseline information on the new ParticipACTION.
      These data will allow for comprehensive assessments of future initiatives of
      ParticipACTION.

PMID- 19995454
TI  - Ascorbate metabolism and the developmental demand for tartaric and oxalic acids
      in ripening grape berries.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fresh fruits are well accepted as a good source of the dietary
      antioxidant ascorbic acid (Asc, Vitamin C). However, fruits such as grapes do not
      accumulate exceptionally high quantities of Asc. Grapes, unlike most other
      cultivated fruits do however use Asc as a precursor for the synthesis of both
      oxalic (OA) and tartaric acids (TA). TA is a commercially important product in
      the wine industry and due to its acidifying effect on crushed juice it can
      influence the organoleptic properties of the wine. Despite the interest in Asc
      accumulation in fruits, little is known about the mechanisms whereby Asc
      concentration is regulated. The purpose of this study was to gain insights into
      Asc metabolism in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera c.v. Shiraz.) and thus ascertain
      whether the developmental demand for TA and OA synthesis influences Asc
      accumulation in the berry. RESULTS: We provide evidence for developmentally
      differentiated up-regulation of Asc biosynthetic pathways and subsequent
      fluctuations in Asc, TA and OA accumulation. Rapid accumulation of Asc and a low
      Asc to dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio in young berries was co-ordinated with up
      regulation of three of the primary Asc biosynthetic (Smirnoff-Wheeler) pathway
      genes. Immature berries synthesised Asc in-situ from the primary pathway
      precursors D-mannose and L-galactose. Immature berries also accumulated TA in
      early berry development in co-ordination with up-regulation of a TA biosynthetic
      gene. In contrast, ripe berries have up-regulated expression of the alternative
      Asc biosynthetic pathway gene D-galacturonic acid reductase with only residual
      expression of Smirnoff-Wheeler Asc biosynthetic pathway genes and of the TA
      biosynthetic gene. The ripening phase was further associated with up-regulation
      of Asc recycling genes, a secondary phase of increased accumulation of Asc and an
      increase in the Asc to DHA ratio. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate strong developmental
      regulation of Asc biosynthetic, recycling and catabolic genes in grape berries.
      Integration of the transcript, radiotracer and metabolite data demonstrates that
      Asc and TA metabolism are developmentally regulated in grapevines; resulting in
      low accumulated levels of the biosynthetic intermediate Asc, and high accumulated
      levels of the metabolic end-product TA.

PMID- 19995456
TI  - ParticipACTION: awareness of the participACTION campaign among Canadian adults-
      examining the knowledge gap hypothesis and a hierarchy-of-effects model.
AB  - BACKGROUND: ParticipACTION was a pervasive communication campaign that promoted
      physical activity in the Canadian population for three decades. According to
      McGuire's hierarchy-of-effects model (HOEM), this campaign should influence
      physical activity through intermediate mediators such as beliefs and intention.
      Also, when such media campaigns occur, knowledge gaps often develop within the
      population about the messages being conveyed. The purposes of this study were to
      (a) determine the current awareness of ParticipACTION campaigns among Canadians;
      (b) confirm if awareness of the ParticipACTION initiative varied as a function of
      levels of education and household income; and, (c) to examine whether awareness
      of ParticipACTION was associated with physical activity related beliefs,
      intentions, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as suggested by the HOEM.
      Specifically, we tested a model including awareness of ParticipACTION
      (unprompted, prompted), outcome expectations, self-efficacy, intention, and
      physical activity status. METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted on
      4,650 Canadians over a period of 6 months from August, 2007 to February, 2008
      (response rate = 49%). The survey consisted of a set of additional questions on
      the 2007 Physical Activity Monitor (PAM). Our module on the PAM included
      questions related to awareness and knowledge of ParticipACTION. Weighted logistic
      models were constructed to test the knowledge gap hypotheses and to examine
      whether awareness was associated with physical activity related beliefs (i.e.,
      outcome expectations, self-efficacy), intention, and LTPA. All analyses included
      those respondents who were 20 years of age and older in 2007/2008 (N = 4424).
      RESULTS: Approximately 8% of Canadians were still aware of ParticipACTION
      unprompted and 82% were aware when prompted. Both education and income were
      significant correlates of awareness among Canadians. The odds of people being
      aware of ParticipACTION were greater if they were more educated and reported
      higher income. Awareness of ParticipACTION was also associated with outcome
      expectations, self-efficacy, intention, and LTPA status. CONCLUSION: Awareness of
      ParticipACTION is associated with LTPA. Knowledge gaps in awareness are
      associated with level of education and household income. Thus, future promotion
      campaigns should include specific strategies to target different segments of the
      population, especially people who are living in deprived conditions with lower
      levels of education.

PMID- 19995457
TI  - ParticipACTION: Baseline assessment of the 'new ParticipACTION': A quantitative
      survey of Canadian organizational awareness and capacity.
AB  - BACKGROUND: ParticipACTION is a Canadian physical activity (PA) communications
      and social marketing organization that was relaunched in 2007 after a six-year
      hiatus. This study assesses the baseline awareness and capacity of Canadian
      organizations that promote physical activity, to adopt, implement and promote
      ParticipACTION's physical activity campaign. The three objectives were: (1) to
      determine organizational awareness of both the 'original' and 'new'
      ParticipACTION; (2) to report baseline levels of three organizational capacity
      domains (i.e., to adopt, implement and externally promote physical activity
      initiatives); and, (3) to explore potential differences in those domains based on
      organizational size, sector and primary mandate. METHODS: Organizations at local,
      provincial/territorial, and national levels were sent an invitation via email
      prior to the official launch of ParticipACTION to complete an on-line survey. The
      survey assessed their organization's capacity to adopt, implement and externally
      promote a new physical activity campaign within their organizational mandates.
      Descriptive statistics were employed to address the first two study objectives. A
      series of one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the third
      objective. RESULTS: The response rate was 29.7% (268/902). The majority of
      responding organizations had over 40 employees and had operated for over 10
      years. Education was the most common primary mandate, followed by sport and
      recreation. Organizations were evenly distributed between government and not-for
      profits. Approximately 96% of respondents had heard of the 'original'
      ParticipACTION while 54.6% had heard of the 'new' ParticipACTION (Objective 1).
      Findings indicate good organizational capacity in Canada to promote physical
      activity (Objective 2) based on reported means of approximately 4.0 (on 5-point
      scales) for capacity to adopt, implement, and externally promote new physical
      activity campaigns. Capacity to adopt new physical activity campaigns differed by
      organizational sector and mandate, and capacity to implement differed by
      organizational mandate (Objective 3). CONCLUSION: At baseline, and without
      specific details of the campaign, respondents believe they have good capacity to
      work with ParticipACTION. ParticipACTION may do well to capitalize on the
      existing strong organizational capacity components of leadership, infrastructure
      and 'will' of national organizations to facilitate the success of its future
      campaigns.

PMID- 19995458
TI  - ParticipACTION: Baseline assessment of the capacity available to the 'New
      ParticipACTION': A qualitative study of Canadian organizations.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the original ParticipACTION campaign effects focused on
      individual awareness, recall, and understanding. Less studied has been the impact
      such campaigns have had on the broader organizational capacity to mobilize and
      advocate for physical activity. With the relaunch of ParticipACTION, the purpose
      of this study was to qualitatively explore baseline organizational capacity to
      promote physical activity messages, programs, and services within the Canadian
      context. METHODS: Using a purposeful sampling strategy, we conducted semi
      structured telephone interviews with 49 key informants representing a range of
      national, provincial, and local organizations with a mandate to promote physical
      activity. Interview data were analysed using a thematic analytic approach.
      RESULTS: Key informants painted a generally positive picture of current
      organizational capacity to promote physical activity messages, programs, and
      services in Canada. Will and leadership were clear strengths while infrastructure
      limitations remained the greatest concern. Some specific challenges included: 1)
      funding issues: the absence of core funding in a climate of shifting funding
      priorities; 2) the difficulty of working without a national physical activity
      policy (lack of leadership); 3) inconsistent provincial and educational sector
      level policies; and 4) a persistent focus on obesity rather than physical
      inactivity. CONCLUSION: The data generated here can be utilized to monitor the
      future impact of ParticipACTION on enhancing and utilizing this organizational
      capacity. A range of indicators are suggested that could be used to illustrate
      ParticipACTION's impact on the broad field of physical activity promotion in the
      future.

PMID- 19995459
TI  - ParticipACTION: A mass media campaign targeting parents of inactive children;
      knowledge, saliency, and trialing behaviours.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In late 2007, Canada's ParticipACTION national physical activity mass
      media campaign was re-launched, with an initial campaign targeting parents of
      elementary school-aged children. The campaign informed them about the risks of
      physical inactivity for children and youth. The purpose of this study was to
      assess campaign awareness and understanding following the campaign, and to
      identify whether exposure to this campaign was likely associated with behaviour
      change. METHODS: A convenience sample of 1,500 adults was recruited though an
      existing panel (n = 60,000) of Canadian adults to participate in online surveys.
      Initial campaign exposure included "prompted" and "unprompted" recall of specific
      physical activity messages from the 2007 ParticipACTION campaign, knowledge of
      the benefits of PA, saliency, and initial trial behaviours to help their children
      become more active. RESULTS: One quarter of respondents showed unprompted recall
      of specific message content from the ParticipACTION campaign, and prompted recall
      was 57%. Message recall and understanding was associated with knowledge about
      physical activity, and that in turn was related to high saliency. Saliency was
      associated with each of the physical activity-related trial behaviours asked.
      CONCLUSION: Campaign awareness and understanding was high following this
      ParticipACTION campaign, and was associated with intermediate campaign outcomes,
      including saliency and trial behaviours. This is relevant to campaign
      evaluations, as it suggests that an initial focus on influencing awareness and
      understanding is likely to lead to more substantial change in campaign endpoints.

PMID- 19995460
TI  - ParticipACTION: the future challenges for physical activity promotion in Canada.
AB  - This commentary is the concluding piece of a series of papers about the Canadian
      ParticipACTION initiative. It describes the resurgence of the new ParticipACTION
      as a national communications initiative in Canada, and sets this in an
      international context. The set of ParticipACTION papers in this issue establish
      benchmarks and provide baseline and initial impact data for the evaluation and
      monitoring of ParticipACTION, using qualitative and quantiative research methods.
      As a set, they describe a comprehensive approach to setting up evaluations of
      national social marketing efforts to promote physical activity.

PMID- 19995461
TI  - Interaction of influenza virus NS1 protein with growth arrest-specific protein 8.
AB  - NS1 protein is the only non-structural protein encoded by the influenza A virus,
      and it contributes significantly to disease pathogenesis by modulating many virus
      and host cell processes. A two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with NS1
      from influenza A yielded growth arrest-specific protein 8. Gas8 associated with
      NS1 in vitro and in vivo. Deletion analysis revealed that the N-terminal 260
      amino acids of Gas8 were able to interact with NS1, and neither the RNA-binding
      domain nor the effector domain of NS1 was sufficient for the NS1 interaction. We
      also found that actin, myosin, and drebrin interact with Gas8. NS1 and beta-actin
      proteins could be co-immunoprecipitated from extracts of transfected cells.
      Furthermore, actin and Gas8 co-localized at the plasma membrane. These results
      are discussed in relation to the possible functions of Gas8 protein and their
      relevance in influenza virus release.

PMID- 19995463
TI  - Investigating heterogeneous protein annotations toward cross-corpora utilization.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The number of corpora, collections of structured texts, has been
      increasing, as a result of the growing interest in the application of natural
      language processing methods to biological texts. Many named entity recognition
      (NER) systems have been developed based on these corpora. However, in the
      biomedical community, there is yet no general consensus regarding named entity
      annotation; thus, the resources are largely incompatible, and it is difficult to
      compare the performance of systems developed on resources that were divergently
      annotated. On the other hand, from a practical application perspective, it is
      desirable to utilize as many existing annotated resources as possible, because
      annotation is costly. Thus, it becomes a task of interest to integrate the
      heterogeneous annotations in these resources. RESULTS: We explore the potential
      sources of incompatibility among gene and protein annotations that were made for
      three common corpora: GENIA, GENETAG and AIMed. To show the inconsistency in the
      corpora annotations, we first tackle the incompatibility problem caused by corpus
      integration, and we quantitatively measure the effect of this incompatibility on
      protein mention recognition. We find that the F-score performance declines
      tremendously when training with integrated data, instead of training with pure
      data; in some cases, the performance drops nearly 12%. This degradation may be
      caused by the newly added heterogeneous annotations, and cannot be fixed without
      an understanding of the heterogeneities that exist among the corpora. Motivated
      by the result of this preliminary experiment, we further qualitatively analyze a
      number of possible sources for these differences, and investigate the factors
      that would explain the inconsistencies, by performing a series of well-designed
      experiments. Our analyses indicate that incompatibilities in the gene/protein
      annotations exist mainly in the following four areas: the boundary annotation
      conventions, the scope of the entities of interest, the distribution of annotated
      entities, and the ratio of overlap between annotated entities. We further suggest
      that almost all of the incompatibilities can be prevented by properly considering
      the four aspects aforementioned. CONCLUSION: Our analysis covers the key
      similarities and dissimilarities that exist among the diverse gene/protein
      corpora. This paper serves to improve our understanding of the differences in the
      three studied corpora, which can then lead to a better understanding of the
      performance of protein recognizers that are based on the corpora.

PMID- 19995462
TI  - Statistical tests for natural selection on regulatory regions based on the
      strength of transcription factor binding sites.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although cis-regulatory changes play an important role in evolution,
      it remains difficult to establish the contribution of natural selection to
      regulatory differences between species. For protein coding regions, powerful
      tests of natural selection have been developed based on comparisons of synonymous
      and non-synonymous substitutions, and analogous tests for regulatory regions
      would be of great utility. RESULTS: Here, tests for natural selection on
      regulatory regions are proposed based on nucleotide substitutions that occur in
      characterized transcription factor binding sites (an important type functional
      element within regulatory regions). In the absence of selection, these
      substitutions will tend to reduce the strength of existing binding sites. On the
      other hand, purifying selection will act to preserve the binding sites in
      regulatory regions, while positive selection can act to create or destroy binding
      sites, as well as change their strength. Using standard models of binding site
      strength and molecular evolution in the absence of selection, this intuition can
      be used to develop statistical tests for natural selection. Application of these
      tests to two well-characterized regulatory regions in Drosophila provides
      evidence for purifying selection. CONCLUSION: This demonstrates that it is
      possible to develop tests for selection on regulatory regions based on the
      specific functional constrains on these sequences.

PMID- 19995465
TI  - How does Cognitive Bias Modification affect anxiety? Mediation analyses and
      experimental data.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is overwhelming evidence that anxiety is associated with the
      tendency to interpret information negatively. The causal relationship between
      this interpretive bias and anxiety has been examined by modifying interpretive
      bias and examining effects on anxiety. A crucial assumption is that the effect of
      the procedure on anxiety is mediated by change in interpretive bias rather than
      being a direct effect of the procedure. Surprisingly, this had not previously
      been tested. AIM: The aim is to test whether altered interpretive bias, following
      Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I), affected anxiety. METHOD:
      Mediational path analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that changes in
      anxiety are due to changes in interpretive bias. A separate experiment was
      conducted to test which elements of the procedure could be responsible for a
      direct mood effect. RESULTS: Results from mediation analyses suggested that
      changes in trait anxiety, after performing CBM-I, were indeed caused by an
      altered interpretive bias, whilst changes in state anxiety appear to be caused by
      the procedure itself. The subsequent experiment showed that state anxiety effects
      could be due to exposure to valenced materials. CONCLUSIONS: Changed state
      anxiety observed after CBM-I is not a valid indicator of a causal relationship.
      The finding that CBM-I affected interpretive bias, which in turn affected trait
      anxiety, supports the assumption of a causal relationship between interpretive
      bias and trait anxiety. This is promising in light of possible clinical
      implications.

PMID- 19995464
TI  - Predictive factors of adherence to frequency and duration components in home
      exercise programs for neck and low back pain: an observational study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that to facilitate physical activity sedentary
      people may adhere to one component of exercise prescriptions (intensity, duration
      or frequency) without adhering to other components. Some experts have provided
      evidence for determinants of adherence to different components among healthy
      people. However, our understanding remains scarce in this area for patients with
      neck or low back pain. The aims of this study are to determine whether patients
      with neck or low back pain have different rates of adherence to exercise
      components of frequency per week and duration per session when prescribed with a
      home exercise program, and to identify if adherence to both exercise components
      have distinct predictive factors. METHODS: A cohort of one hundred eighty-four
      patients with chronic neck or low back pain who attended physiotherapy in eight
      primary care centers were studied prospectively one month after intervention. The
      study had three measurement periods: at baseline (measuring characteristics of
      patients and pain), at the end of physiotherapy intervention (measuring
      characteristics of the home exercise program) and a month later (measuring
      professional behaviors during clinical encounters, environmental factors and self
      efficacy, and adherence behavior). RESULTS: Adherence to duration per session
      (70.9% +/- 7.1) was more probable than adherence to frequency per week (60.7% +/-
      7.0). Self-efficacy was a relevant factor for both exercise components (p <
      0.05). The total number of exercises prescribed was predictive of frequency
      adherence (p < 0.05). Professional behaviors have a distinct influence on
      exercise components. Frequency adherence is more probable if patients received
      clarification of their doubts (adjusted OR: 4.1; p < 0.05), and duration
      adherence is more probable if they are supervised during the learning of
      exercises (adjusted OR: 3.3; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We have shown in a clinic
      based study that adherence to exercise prescription frequency and duration
      components have distinct levels and predictive factors. We recommend additional
      study, and advise that differential attention be given in clinical practice to
      each exercise component for improving adherence.

PMID- 19995466
TI  - Self-help books for people with depression: the role of the therapeutic
      relationship.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the UK, bibliotherapy schemes have become a widespread source of
      support for people with common mental health disorders such as depression.
      However, the current evidence suggests that bibliotherapy schemes that are
      offered without guidance are not effective. It may be possible to improve the
      effectiveness of self-help books by incorporating into them some of the "common
      factors" that operate in personal therapeutic encounters, for example therapist
      responsiveness. AIM: The aim was to test whether and to what extent authors have
      incorporated common factors into self-help books. METHOD: A model of how common
      factors might be incorporated into CBT-based self-help books was developed and a
      sample of three books were examined against the model criteria. RESULTS: The
      sampled self-help books were found to have common factors to a greater or lesser
      extent, but some types of common factors were more prevalent than others. Factors
      addressing the development and maintenance of the therapeutic alliance were less
      often apparent. CONCLUSIONS: Self-help books have the potential to provide a
      valuable service to people with depression, but further work is necessary to
      develop them. It is suggested that future generations of self-help books should
      pay explicit attention to the use of common factors, in particular developing and
      investigating how factors such as flexibility, responsiveness and alliance
      rupture repair can be woven into the text.

PMID- 19995467
TI  - Detecting effects of the indicated prevention Programme for Externalizing Problem
      behaviour (PEP) on child symptoms, parenting, and parental quality of life in a
      randomized controlled trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Behavioural parent training is effective in improving child
      disruptive behavioural problems in preschool children by increasing parenting
      competence. The indicated Prevention Programme for Externalizing Problem
      behaviour (PEP) is a group training programme for parents and kindergarten
      teachers of children aged 3-6 years with externalizing behavioural problems.
      AIMS: To evaluate the effects of PEP on child problem behaviour, parenting
      practices, parent-child interactions, and parental quality of life. METHOD:
      Parents and kindergarten teachers of 155 children were randomly assigned to an
      intervention group (n = 91) and a nontreated control group (n = 64). They rated
      children's problem behaviour before and after PEP training; parents also reported
      on their parenting practices and quality of life. Standardized play situations
      were video-taped and rated for parent-child interactions, e.g. parental warmth.
      RESULTS: In the intention to treat analysis, mothers of the intervention group
      described less disruptive child behaviour and better parenting strategies, and
      showed more parental warmth during a standardized parent-child interaction.
      Dosage analyses confirmed these results for parents who attended at least five
      training sessions. Children were also rated to show less behaviour problems by
      their kindergarten teachers. CONCLUSIONS: Training effects were especially
      positive for parents who attended at least half of the training sessions.
      ABBREVIATIONS: CBCL: Child Behaviour Checklist; CII: Coder Impressions Inventory;
      DASS: Depression anxiety Stress Scale; HSQ: Home-situation Questionnaire; LSS:
      Life Satisfaction Scale; OBDT: observed behaviour during the test; PCL: Problem
      Checklist; PEP: prevention programme for externalizing problem behaviour; PPC:
      Parent Problem Checklist; PPS: Parent Practices Scale; PS: Parenting Scale; PSBC:
      Problem Setting and Behaviour checklist; QJPS: Questionnaire on Judging Parental
      Strains; SEFS: Self-Efficacy Scale; SSC: Social Support Scale; TRF: Caregiver
      Teacher Report Form.

PMID- 19995469
TI  - The ecology and evolution of microsporidian parasites.
AB  - The phylum Microspora is ancient and diverse and affects a wide range of hosts.
      There is unusually high use of vertical transmission and this has significant
      consequences for transmission and pathogenicity. Vertical transmission is
      associated with low pathogenesis but nevertheless can have significant impact
      through associated traits such as sex ratio distortion. The majority of
      microsporidia have mixed transmission cycles and it is not clear whether they are
      able to modify their phenotype according to environmental circumstances. There is
      a great need to understand the mechanisms controlling transmission and one of the
      first challenges for the genomics era is to find genes associated with life cycle
      stages. Similarly we cannot currently predict the ease with which these parasites
      might switch between host groups. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that there are
      strong relationships between Microsporidia and their hosts. However closer typing
      of parasite isolates, in relation to host range and disease phenotype, is
      required to assess future environmental risk from these pathogens.

PMID- 19995468
TI  - Ovine toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Congenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii is an important cause of abortion in
      sheep worldwide. The cat is the definitive host of the parasite, and infected
      cats may shed millions of oocysts in their faeces resulting in extensive
      environmental contamination and an important source of infection for grazing
      herbivorous animals. Studies looking at development of specific antibodies in
      sheep, as an indicator of exposure to T. gondii, have shown that there is an
      increase in seroprevalence associated with age indicating that most infections in
      sheep occur following birth. The stage of gestation when transplacental
      transmission of T. gondii to the developing foetus occurs is critical in
      determining the clinical outcome. The importance of endogenous transplacental
      transmission in persistently infected ewes and its clinical importance is a
      subject of current debate. Ewes infected prior to mating develop immune responses
      that help protect against disease in a subsequent pregnancy and also against
      experimental challenge administered during pregnancy. Both innate and adaptive
      immune responses are activated following T. gondii infection and experiments
      involving the chronic cannulation of peripheral lymph nodes in sheep have allowed
      the dynamics of the immune responses to be analysed in real time. A live vaccine,
      Toxovax is the only commercially available vaccine worldwide to protect against
      congenital toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 19995470
TI  - The fatty acid compositions of erythrocyte and plasma polar lipids in children
      with autism, developmental delay or typically developing controls and the effect
      of fish oil intake.
AB  - The erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid compositions of children with autism were
      compared in a case-control study with typically developing (TD) children and with
      children showing developmental delay (DD). Forty-five autism subjects were age
      matched with TD controls and thirty-eight with DD controls. Fatty acid data were
      compared using paired t tests. In addition, blood fatty acids from treatment
      naive autism subjects were compared with autism subjects who had consumed fish
      oil supplements by two-sample t tests. Relatively few differences were seen
      between erythrocyte fatty acids in autism and TD subjects although the former had
      an increased arachidonic acid (ARA):EPA ratio. This ratio was also increased in
      plasma samples from the same children. No changes in n-3 fatty acids or ARA:EPA
      ratio were seen when comparing autism with DD subjects but some SFA and MUFA were
      decreased in the DD subjects, most notably 24 : 0 and 24 : 1, which are essential
      components of axonal myelin sheaths. However, if multiple comparisons are taken
      into account, and a stricter level of significance applied, most of these values
      would not be significant. Autism subjects consuming fish oil showed reduced
      erythrocyte ARA, 22 : 4n-6, 22 : 5n-6 and total n-6 fatty acids and increased
      EPA, 22 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3 and total n-3 fatty acids along with reduced n-6:n-3
      and ARA:EPA ratios. Collectively, the autism subjects did not have an underlying
      phospholipid disorder, based on erythrocyte fatty acid compositions, although the
      increased ARA:EPA ratio observed suggested that an imbalance of essential highly
      unsaturated fatty acids may be present in a cohort of autism subjects.

PMID- 19995471
TI  - Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in sheep-fed mixed diets containing tree and shrub
      foliages.
AB  - Data on N utilisation by sheep-fed diets containing foliages were analysed to
      develop prediction equations for N excretion in faeces (FN) and urine (UN), and
      to determine endogenous N excretion. Overall, 218 dietary treatments from forty
      four publications were compiled in the database. This database was split into
      three subsets: without foliage in the diets (FL-0); foliage levels (FL) in
      between 0 and 310 g/kg (FL-L); FL in between 310 and 800 g/kg diets (FL-H) to
      study the effects of foliages on metabolic faecal N (MFN) and endogenous urinary
      N (EUN). Nitrogen intake (NI) as single independent factor was the best predictor
      of FN (R2 0.75), UN (R2 0.81) and total N excretion (R2 0.86). Addition of
      dietary N concentration and FL for FN (R2 0.82), dietary N concentration and
      foliage NI for UN (R2 0.85), and FL and foliage NI for total N excretion (R2
      0.92) as supporting predictors to this relationship slightly increased R2 values.
      The monomolecular and exponential models slightly improved the prediction of N
      excretion with NI as a predictor compared with the linear model. The excretion of
      MFN was greater for FL-H compared with FL-0, but was similar between FL-0 and FL
      L, and FL-L and FL-H. However, EUN decreased in FL-H compared with FL-0 and FL-L,
      but was similar between FL-0 and FL-L. In conclusion, using NI as the primary
      predictor produced an accurate prediction of N excretion. Inclusion of foliages
      in the diets may shift N excretion from urine to faeces and increase the
      excretion of MFN and EUN.

PMID- 19995472
TI  - Dietary patterns and risk of asthma: results from three countries in European
      Community Respiratory Health Survey-II.
AB  - Dietary patterns offer an alternative to the analysis of individual foods or
      nutrients in nutritional epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study
      was to identify dietary patterns common to different European countries and
      examine their associations with asthma. In five study centres (two in Germany,
      two in the UK and one in Norway), 1174 adults aged 29-55 years completed a FFQ
      and respiratory symptoms questionnaire. A meta-analytic approach was used to
      identify the dietary patterns and analyse them in relation to current asthma,
      asthma symptoms and bronchial responsiveness (BHR). Two patterns emerged,
      generally correlating with the same foods at different centres: one associated
      with intake of meats and potatoes; the other with fish, fruits and vegetables.
      There was no evidence that the fish, fruits and vegetables pattern was associated
      with asthma (OR 1.11 (95 % CI 0.93, 1.33)), symptom score (ratio of means 1.07
      (0.98, 1.17)) or BHR (regression coefficient - 0.01 ( - 0.12, 0.10)), though
      these CI appeared to rule out large protective effects of consuming these foods.
      There was no overall evidence that the meat and potato pattern was associated
      with asthma (OR 1.02 (0.79, 1.31)), symptom score (ratio of means 1.07 (0.84,
      1.36)) or BHR (regression coefficient - 0.08 ( - 0.27, 0.10)), but there was
      heterogeneity between centres in the association with symptom score: a negative
      association at the two German centres; a positive association at the others.
      Heterogeneity in a multi-centre observational study of diet could suggest
      alternative explanations for apparent effects of diet, such as uncontrolled
      confounding.

PMID- 19995473
TI  - Variations in compliance with starchy food recommendations and consumption of
      types of starchy foods according to sociodemographic and socioeconomic
      characteristics.
AB  - Nutritional recommendations call for balanced, diversified consumption of starchy
      foods and increased whole-grain food intake. Their efficiency may depend on
      sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, for which little information is
      available. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship
      between sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and starchy food
      consumption in a large general population of French adults. Dietary intake was
      assessed using at least six 24-h dietary records collected, during a 2-year
      period, from 4574 men and women aged 45-60 years who participated in the
      Supplementation en VItamines Mineraux et AntioXydants cohort study in 1995-7.
      Compliance with the recommendation ( > or = 3 and < 6 servings/d), non
      consumption of whole-grain products, variety and daily cost were compared across
      sociodemographic and socioeconomic categories using logistic regression and
      covariance analyses. About 55 % of subjects complied with the starchy food
      recommendation, with little variation across sociodemographic characteristics.
      Consumption of whole-grain products was less likely in men (P = 0.001), in
      subjects with a lower education level (P-trend = 0.01) and in those belonging to
      intermediate occupational categories (P = 0.02). The variety of starchy food
      intake increased with education level (P-trend = 0.0002) and was lowest for
      manual workers (P = 0.03). The proportion of daily food cost spent on starchy
      foods decreased with occupational category (P < 0.0001), and was higher in rural
      areas (P = 0.0004). The starchy food budget spent on potatoes decreased with the
      educational level (P-trend = 0.007), whereas it increased for rice and
      unsweetened breakfast cereals (P-trend = 0.001 for both). Public recommendations
      concerning starchy food variety and whole-grain intake should specifically target
      subjects with a lower education level and/or occupational category.

PMID- 19995474
TI  - Editors' conflicts of interest.

PMID- 19995475
TI  - Subanesthetic dose of ketamine decreases prefrontal theta cordance in healthy
      volunteers: implications for antidepressant effect.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Theta cordance is a novel quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG)
      measure that correlates with cerebral perfusion. A series of clinical studies has
      demonstrated that the prefrontal theta cordance value decreases after 1 week of
      treatment in responders to antidepressants and that this effect precedes clinical
      improvement. Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate
      (NMDA) receptors, has a unique rapid antidepressant effect but its influence on
      theta cordance is unknown. METHOD: In a double-blind, cross-over, placebo
      controlled experiment we studied the acute effect of ketamine (0.54 mg/kg within
      30 min) on theta cordance in a group of 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Ketamine
      infusion induced a decrease in prefrontal theta cordance and an increase in the
      central region theta cordance after 10 and 30 min. The change in prefrontal theta
      cordance correlated with ketamine and norketamine blood levels after 10 min of
      ketamine infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that ketamine infusion
      immediately induces changes similar to those that monoamineric-based
      antidepressants induce gradually. The reduction in theta cordance could be a
      marker and a predictor of the fast-acting antidepressant effect of ketamine, a
      hypothesis that could be tested in depressive patients treated with ketamine.

PMID- 19995476
TI  - Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of
      psychotic symptoms in adolescence.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Adolescent cannabis use has been shown in many studies to increase
      the risk of later psychosis. Childhood trauma is associated with both substance
      misuse and risk for psychosis. In this study our aim was to investigate whether
      there is a significant interaction between cannabis use and childhood trauma in
      increasing the risk for experiencing psychotic symptoms during adolescence.
      METHOD: Psychiatric interviews using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and
      Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) semi-structured instrument were
      carried out with 211 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years and their parents
      as part of a population-based study. The interview enquired about early traumatic
      events, cannabis use and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence. RESULTS: In
      separate analyses both cannabis use and childhood trauma were significantly
      associated with risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms. However, the presence of
      both childhood trauma and early cannabis use significantly increased the risk for
      psychotic symptoms beyond the risk posed by either risk factor alone, indicating
      that there was a greater than additive interaction between childhood trauma and
      cannabis use. CONCLUSION: Our finding of a greater than additive interaction
      between childhood trauma and cannabis use may have implications for the
      identification of individuals at high risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms.
      For example, measures to actively discourage or intensively treat cannabis use in
      children and adolescents who have experienced abuse may help to prevent the
      development of psychosis in this vulnerable group. Our findings require
      replication in larger samples to confirm this interaction effect.

PMID- 19995477
TI  - Parental practices predict psychological well-being in midlife: life-course
      associations among women in the 1946 British birth cohort.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Certain parenting styles are influential in the emergence of later
      mental health problems, but less is known about the relationship between
      parenting style and later psychological well-being. Our aim was to examine the
      association between well-being in midlife and parental behaviour during childhood
      and adolescence, and the role of personality as a possible mediator of this
      relationship. METHOD: Data from 984 women in the 1946 British birth cohort study
      were analysed using structural equation modelling. Psychological well-being was
      assessed at age 52 years using Ryff's scales of psychological well-being.
      Parenting practices were recollected at age 43 years using the Parental Bonding
      Instrument. Extraversion and neuroticism were assessed at age 26 years using the
      Maudsley Personality Inventory. RESULTS: In this sample, three parenting style
      factors were identified: care; non-engagement; control. Higher levels of parental
      care were associated with higher psychological well-being, while higher parental
      non-engagement or control were associated with lower levels of psychological well
      being. The effects of care and non-engagement were largely mediated by the
      offspring's personality, whereas control had direct effects on psychological well
      being. The psychological well-being of adult women was at least as strongly
      linked to the parenting style of their fathers as to that of their mothers,
      particularly in relation to the adverse effects of non-engagement and control.
      CONCLUSIONS: This study used a prospective longitudinal design to examine the
      effects of parenting practices on psychological well-being in midlife. The
      effects of parenting, both positive and negative, persisted well into mid
      adulthood.

PMID- 19995478
TI  - Neural correlates of error-related learning deficits in individuals with
      psychopathy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Psychopathy (PP) is associated with a performance deficit in a
      variety of stimulus-response and stimulus-reinforcement learning paradigms. We
      tested the hypothesis that failures in error monitoring underlie these learning
      deficits. METHOD: We measured electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring
      [error-related negativity (ERN)] during a probabilistic learning task in
      individuals with PP (n=13) and healthy matched control subjects (n=18). The task
      consisted of three graded learning conditions in which the amount of learning was
      manipulated by varying the degree to which the response was predictive of the
      value of the feedback (50, 80 and 100%). RESULTS: Behaviourally, we found
      impaired learning and diminished accuracy in the group of individuals with PP.
      Amplitudes of the response ERN (rERN) were reduced. No differences in the
      feedback ERN (fERN) were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results are interpreted in terms
      of a deficit in initial rule learning and subsequent generalization of these
      rules to new stimuli. Negative feedback is adequately processed at a neural level
      but this information is not used to improve behaviour on subsequent trials. As
      learning is degraded, the process of error detection at the moment of the actual
      response is diminished. Therefore, the current study demonstrates that disturbed
      error-monitoring processes play a central role in the often reported learning
      deficits in individuals with PP.

PMID- 19995480
TI  - Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker for affective
      disorders?

PMID- 19995479
TI  - High neuroticism and low conscientiousness are associated with interleukin-6.
AB  - BACKGROUND: High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness are frequently implicated
      in health-risk behaviors, such as smoking and overeating, as well as health
      outcomes, including mortality. Their associations with physiological markers of
      morbidity and mortality, such as inflammation, are less well documented. The
      present research examines the association between the five major dimensions of
      personality and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated
      in patients with chronic morbidity and frailty. METHOD: A population-based sample
      (n=4923) from four towns in Sardinia, Italy, had their levels of IL-6 measured
      and completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire, the NEO-PI-R. Analyses
      controlled for factors known to have an effect on IL-6: age; sex; smoking;
      weight; aspirin use; disease burden. RESULTS: High Neuroticism and low
      Conscientiousness were both associated with higher levels of IL-6. The findings
      remained significant after controlling for the relevant covariates. Similar
      results were found for C-reactive protein, a related marker of chronic
      inflammation. Further, smoking and weight partially mediated the association
      between impulsivity-related traits and higher IL-6 levels. Finally, logistic
      regressions revealed that participants either in the top 10% of the distribution
      of Neuroticism or the bottom 10% of conscientiousness had an approximately 40%
      greater risk of exceeding clinically relevant thresholds of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS:
      Consistent with the literature on personality and self-reported health,
      individuals high on Neuroticism or low on Conscientiousness show elevated levels
      of this inflammatory cytokine. Identifying critical medical biomarkers associated
      with personality may help to elucidate the physiological mechanisms responsible
      for the observed connections between personality traits and physical health.

PMID- 19995481
TI  - The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB 277011-A, but not the partial
      agonist BP 897, blocks cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.
AB  - The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) has been suggested to be involved in the
      mechanisms underlying stimulus-controlled drug-seeking behaviour. Ligands acting
      as DRD3 antagonists (SB 277011-A) or DRD3 partial agonists (BP 897) have shown
      some promise for reducing the influence of drug-associated cues on motivational
      behaviour. Here, effects of SB 277011-A and BP 897 were evaluated on cue-induced
      reinstatement of nicotine-seeking in rats. The effects of BP 897 on nicotine self
      administration under a fixed-ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement were also
      evaluated. SB 277011-A (1-10 mg/kg) was able to block cue-induced reinstatement
      of nicotine-seeking, indicating that DRD3 selective antagonism may be an
      effective approach to prevent relapse for nicotine. In contrast, BP 897 did not
      block the cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking or nicotine-taking under
      the FR5 schedule. In a control study, rats did not respond to the light stimuli
      without nicotine delivery, indicating that the responding for the drug-associated
      cues was induced by the previous pairing of light stimuli with nicotine's
      effects. These findings validate the role of DRD3 on reactivity to drug
      associated stimuli and suggest that the DRD3 antagonist, but perhaps not the DRD3
      partial agonist, could be used to prevent relapse in tobacco smokers.

PMID- 19995482
TI  - Isolation, characterization, and differentiation potential of canine adipose
      derived stem cells.
AB  - Adipose tissue may represent a potential source of adult stem cells for tissue
      engineering applications in veterinary medicine. It can be obtained in large
      quantities, under local anesthesia, and with minimal discomfort. In this study,
      canine adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy from subcutaneous adipose tissue or
      by suction-assisted lipectomy (i.e., liposuction). Adipose tissue was processed
      to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells similar to human adipose-derived
      stem cells (hASCs). These canine adipose-derived stem cells (cASCs) can be
      maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling and low
      levels of senescence. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry show that the
      majority of cASCs are of mesodermal or mesenchymal origin. cASCs are able to
      differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic
      cells in the presence of lineage-specific induction factors. In conclusion, like
      human lipoaspirate, canine adipose tissue may also contain multipotent cells and
      represent an important stem cell source both for veterinary cell therapy as well
      as preclinical studies.

PMID- 19995483
TI  - Seven consecutive successful clinical islet isolations with pancreatic ductal
      injection.
AB  - Inconsistent islet isolation is one of the issues of clinical islet
      transplantation. In the current study, we applied ductal injection to improve the
      consistency of islet isolation. Seven islet isolations were performed with the
      ductal injection of ET-Kyoto solution (DI group) and eight islet isolations were
      performed without the ductal injection (standard group) using brain-dead donor
      pancreata. Isolated islets were evaluated based on the Edmonton protocol for
      transplantation. The DI group had significantly higher islet yields (588,566 +/-
      64,319 vs. 354,836 +/- 89,649 IE, p < 0.01) and viability (97.3 +/- 1.2% vs. 92.6
      +/- 1.2%, p < 0.02) compared with the standard group. All seven isolated islet
      preparations in the DI group (100%), versus only three out of eight isolated
      islet preparations (38%) in the standard group met transplantation criteria. The
      islets from the DI group were transplanted into three type 1 diabetic patients
      and all three patients became insulin independent. Ductal injection significantly
      improved quantity and quality of isolated islets and resulted in high success
      rate of clinical islet transplantation. This simple modification will reduce the
      risk of failure of clinical islet isolation.

PMID- 19995484
TI  - Continuous delivery of stromal cell-derived factor-1 from alginate scaffolds
      accelerates wound healing.
AB  - Proper wound diagnosis and management is an increasingly important clinical
      challenge and is a large and growing unmet need. Pressure ulcers, hard-to-heal
      wounds, and problematic surgical incisions are emerging at increasing
      frequencies. At present, the wound-healing industry is experiencing a paradigm
      shift towards innovative treatments that exploit nanotechnology, biomaterials,
      and biologics. Our study utilized an alginate hydrogel patch to deliver stromal
      cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a naturally occurring chemokine that is rapidly
      overexpressed in response to tissue injury, to assess the potential effects SDF-1
      therapy on wound closure rates and scar formation. Alginate patches were loaded
      with either purified recombinant human SDF-1 protein or plasmid expressing SDF-1
      and the kinetics of SDF-1 release were measured both in vitro and in vivo in
      mice. Our studies demonstrate that although SDF-1 plasmid- and protein-loaded
      patches were able to release therapeutic product over hours to days, SDF-1
      protein was released faster (in vivo K(d) 0.55 days) than SDF-1 plasmid (in vivo
      K(d) 3.67 days). We hypothesized that chronic SDF-1 delivery would be more
      effective in accelerating the rate of dermal wound closure in Yorkshire pigs with
      acute surgical wounds, a model that closely mimics human wound healing. Wounds
      treated with SDF-1 protein (n = 10) and plasmid (n = 6) loaded patches healed
      faster than sham (n = 4) or control (n = 4). At day 9, SDF-1-treated wounds
      significantly accelerated wound closure (55.0 +/- 14.3% healed) compared to
      nontreated controls (8.2 +/- 6.0%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, 38% of SDF-1-treated
      wounds were fully healed at day 9 (vs. none in controls) with very little
      evidence of scarring. These data suggest that patch-mediated SDF-1 delivery may
      ultimately provide a novel therapy for accelerating healing and reducing scarring
      in clinical wounds.

PMID- 19995485
TI  - Training in the practical application of damage control and early total care
      operative philosophy--perceptions of UK orthopaedic specialist trainees.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Despite improvements in the outcome of individuals sustaining
      significant injury, the optimum management of fractures in traumatised patients
      remains an area of debate and publication. There is, however, a paucity of
      studies regarding the specifics of acquired experience and training of junior
      orthopaedic surgeons in the practical application of these skills. Our null
      hypothesis is that, despite alteration in surgical training, the perceived
      confidence and adequacy of training of UK orthopaedic specialist trainees in the
      application of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) and early total care (ETC)
      philosophy is unaffected. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A web-based survey was sent to a
      sample of orthopaedic trainees. From 888 trainees, 222 responses were required to
      achieve a 5% error rate with 90% confidence. RESULTS: A total of 232 responses
      were received. Trainees reported a high level of perceived confidence with both
      external fixation and intramedullary devices. Exposure to cases was sporadic
      although perceived training adequacy was high. A similar pattern was seen in
      perceived operative role with the majority of trainees expecting to be performing
      such operations, albeit under varying levels of supervision. In a more
      complicated case of spanning external fixation for a 'floating knee, trainees
      reported a decreased level of perceived confidence and limited exposure. One
      third of trainees reported never having been involved in such a case. In contrast
      to nationally collated logbook data, exposure to and perceived confidence in
      managing cases involving ETC and DCO were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Despite changes
      in the training of junior orthopaedic surgeons, trainee-reported confidence and
      adequacy of training in the practical application of DCO and ETC was high.
      Exposure to cases overall was, however, seen to be limited and there was a
      suggestion of disparity between current operative experiences of trainees and
      that recorded in the national trainee logbook.

PMID- 19995486
TI  - Vertebral compression fractures--new clinical signs to aid diagnosis.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are common and
      usually managed conservatively. However, a significant number will remain
      symptomatic, causing significant pain with considerable associated morbidity and
      mortality. These fractures can be effectively treated with cement augmentation.
      However, it is impossible to distinguish between an acute and a chronic healed
      fracture on plain radiographs. The definitive investigation is a magnetic
      resonance scan. The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate two new
      clinical signs to help in the diagnosis of symptomatic fractures. A prospective
      study of 83 patients with suspected acute osteoporotic vertebral compression
      fractures was carried out. All patients had a full clinical assessment, which
      included closed-fist percussion of their spine and asking the patient to lie
      supine on the examination couch. All patients had a MRI scan. RESULTS: The closed
      fist percussion sign had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 90%. The
      supine sign had a sensitivity of 81.25% and a specificity of 93.33%. CONCLUSIONS:
      These tests will enable the practitioner to predict more accurately which
      patients have an acute fracture, guiding referral for further imaging.

PMID- 19995487
TI  - Anatomical failure following laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS): does it
      really matter?
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Failure rates of laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) vary from 2
      30%. A degree of anatomical failure is common, and the most common failure is
      intrathoracic wrap herniation. We have assessed anatomical integrity of the
      crural repair and wrap using marking Liga clips placed at the time of surgery and
      compared this with symptomatic outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study
      was undertaken on 50 patients who underwent LARS in a single centre over a 3-year
      period. Each had an X-ray on the first postoperative day and a barium swallow at
      6 months at which the distance was measured between the marking Liga clips. An
      increase in interclip distance of > 25-49% was deemed 'mild separation', and an
      increase of > 50% 'moderate separation'. Patients completed a standardised
      symptom questionnaire at 6 months. RESULTS: At 6 months' postoperatively, 22% had
      mild separation of the crural repair with a mean Visick score of 1.18, and 54%
      had moderate separation with a mean Visick score of 1.26. Mild separation of the
      wrap occurred in 28% with a mean Visick score of 1.21 and 22% moderate separation
      with a mean Visick score of 1.18. Three percent had mild separation of both the
      crural repair and wrap with a mean Visick score of 1.0, and 16% moderate
      separation with a mean Visick score of 1.13. Of patients, 14% had evidence of
      some degree of failure on barium swallow but only one of these was significant
      intrathoracic migration of the wrap which was symptomatic and required re-do
      surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of some form of anatomical failure, as
      determined by an increase in the interclip distance, is high at 6 months'
      postoperatively following LARS. However, this does not seem to correlate with a
      subjective recurrence of symptoms.

PMID- 19995489
TI  - The incidence and outcome of incidental breast lesions detected by computed
      tomography.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: In the UK, the majority of breast cancers are diagnosed through
      symptomatic breast clinics and the breast screening programmes. With increased
      use of computed tomography (CT) to assess various pathologies, breast lesions are
      picked up incidentally. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence
      and outcomes of breast lesions detected incidentally on CT scans. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to assess the incidence and outcome
      of incidentally found breast lesions, which were detected on chest CT scans that
      were conducted for other pathologies during the period from February 2007 to
      October 2008. RESULTS: A total of 432 chest CT scans were performed over 18
      months. Thirty-three (7.63%) patients were found to have an incidental breast
      lesion. The mean age was 73 years (range, 50-86 years). Of these, 17 (52%) were
      benign, eight (24%) were primary breast cancer and the remaining eight (24%) had
      no definite pathology. The detection rate of breast cancer was 1.85%.
      CONCLUSIONS: CT is emerging as an important contributor to the detection of
      occult breast lesions. Radiological awareness of incidental breast lesions is
      important so that appropriate referral to a specialised breast unit is made.

PMID- 19995488
TI  - A retrospective analysis of ambulatory burn patients: focus on wound dressings
      and healing times.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: In this study, we retrospectively analysed healing times of
      ambulatory burn patients after silver-based dressings were introduced in late
      December 2005, and compared the results with those obtained before. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: Data were collected in November-December 2005 and in January-February
      2006. We excluded from the study: (i) admitted patients; (ii) patients with mixed
      superficial partial thickness and deep partial thickness burns; (iii) patients
      with full-thickness burns; and (iv) operated patients that came for follow-up. We
      recorded the age, sex, cause (flame vs scald), burn depth, dressings used and
      healing times. RESULTS: We selected 347 patients corresponding to 455 burned
      areas (64.4% superficial and 35.6% deep; 47.7% treated in 2005 and 52.3% in
      2006). During the years 2005 and 2006, there was an increase in the use of silver
      based dressings (2005, 9.7%; 2006, 38.7%; chi-squared test, P < 0.001) and a
      decrease in the use of paraffin gauzes (2005, 66.4%; 2006, 40.3%; chi-squared
      test, P < 0.001). The healing time of overall burns and of superficial burns
      showed no significant differences between 2005 and 2006. However, in deep partial
      thickness burns, a significant reduction was present (2006, 19; 2005, 29 days;
      Student's t-test, P < 0.01). Among all dressings, paraffin gauzes had the
      shortest healing times in superficial burns (5 days); with silver-based dressings
      in deep burns, the healing times were nanocrystalline silver (16 days) and silver
      carboxymethylcellulose (21 days). CONCLUSIONS: Results of our retrospective study
      would suggest that paraffin gauzes are a valuable option in superficial burns,
      while silver-based dressings are preferable in deep burns.

PMID- 19995490
TI  - One-stage tubeless antegrade ureteric stenting: a safe and cost-effective option?
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Antegrade insertion of ureteric stent has become an established
      mode of management of upper tract obstruction secondary to ureteric pathology. It
      is conventionally performed as a two-stage procedure for various reasons but,
      more recently, a one-stage approach has been adopted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We
      discuss our experience of primary one-stage insertion of antegrade ureteric stent
      as a safe and cost-effective option for the management of these difficult cases
      in this retrospective observational case cohort study of patients referred to a
      radiology department for decompression of obstructed upper tracts. Data were
      retrieved from case notes and a radiology database for patients undergoing one
      stage and two-stage antegrade stenting. It was followed by telephone survey of
      regional centres about the prevalent local practice for antegrade stenting.
      Outcome measures like hospital stay, procedural costs, requirement of
      analgesia/antimicrobials and complication rates were compared for the two
      approaches. RESULTS: a one-stage approach was found to be suitable in most cases
      with many advantages over the two-stage approach with comparable or better
      outcomes at lower costs. Some of the limitations of the study were retrospective
      data collection, more than one radiologist performing stenting procedures and non
      availability of interventional radiologist falsely raising the incidence of two
      stage procedures. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of any clinical contra-indications
      and subject to availability of an interventional radiologist's support, one-stage
      antegrade stenting could easily be adopted as a routine approach for the
      management of benign or malignant ureteric obstruction.

PMID- 19995491
TI  - Improving the quality of procedure-specific operation reports in orthopaedic
      surgery.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess whether
      handwritten operation reports for hip hemi-arthroplasties adhere to The Royal
      College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) guidelines on surgical documentation; (ii)
      improve adherence to these guidelines with procedure-specific computerised
      operation reports; and (iii) improve the quality of documentation in surgery.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three parameters based on RCSE guidelines were used
      to score hip hemi-arthroplasty operation reports. The first audit cycle was
      performed retrospectively to assess 50 handwritten operation reports, and the
      second cycle prospectively to assess 30 new computerised procedure-specific
      operation reports produced for hip hemi-arthroplasties. Eighty patients
      undergoing hip hemi-arthroplasty in a department of orthopaedic surgery within a
      UK hospital between September 2007 and August 2008 formed the study cohort.
      RESULTS: The main outcome measure was the average scores attained by handwritten
      versus computerised operation reports. Handwritten reports scored an average of
      58.7%, rising significantly (P < 0.01) to 92.8% following the introduction of
      detailed, computerised proformas for the operation note. Adherence to each RCSE
      parameter was improved. CONCLUSIONS: Computerised proformas reduce variability
      between different operation reports for the same procedure and increase their
      content in line with RCSE recommendations. The proformas also constitute a more
      robust means of operative documentation.

PMID- 19995492
TI  - Over a thousand ambulatory hernia repairs in a primary care setting.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: This paper outlines the development and feasibility of a dedicated
      ambulatory primary care hernia service and examines the outcomes achieved during
      the period 1 March 2005 to 31 December 2008. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective
      analysis of 1164 patients who underwent abdominal wall hernia repair at Probus
      Surgical Centre during the study period. The operations were carried out by two
      GPs with a special interest (GPwSI) and one retired surgeon. The techniques used
      were a Lichtenstein mesh repair or modified Shouldice repair for inguinal hernias
      and a primary sutured repair for ventral hernias. All procedures were performed
      as day-cases under local anaesthesia without sedation. All patients were reviewed
      routinely at 6 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were recurrence and
      patient satisfaction levels, and complications such as infection, haematoma and
      chronic pain. RESULTS: No patient required conversion to general anaesthesia.
      There were three (0.3%) recurrences. Complication rates were low and similar to
      those obtained in other specialist hernia units. More than 90% of patients were
      satisfied with the service and would recommend it to a friend. CONCLUSIONS:
      Routine elective abdominal wall hernia repairs can be performed in a primary care
      setting, safely and with excellent outcomes.

PMID- 19995493
TI  - Effectiveness of shared pharmaceutical care for older patients: RESPECT trial
      findings.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The pharmaceutical care approach serves as a model for medication
      review, involving collaboration between GPs, pharmacists, patients, and carers.
      Its use is advocated with older patients who are typically prescribed several
      drugs. However, it has yet to be thoroughly evaluated. AIM: To estimate the
      effectiveness of pharmaceutical care for older people, shared between GPs and
      community pharmacists in the UK, relative to usual care. DESIGN OF STUDY:
      Multiple interrupted time-series design in five primary care trusts which
      implemented pharmaceutical care at 2-month intervals in random order. Patients
      acted as their own controls, and were followed over 3 years including their 12
      months' participation in pharmaceutical care. SETTING: In 2002, 760 patients,
      aged > or =75 years, were recruited from 24 general practices in East and North
      Yorkshire. Sixty-two community pharmacies also took part. A total of 551
      participants completed the study. METHOD: Pharmaceutical care was undertaken by
      community pharmacists who interviewed patients, developed and implemented
      pharmaceutical care plans together with patients' GPs, and thereafter undertook
      monthly medication reviews. Pharmacists and GPs attended training before the
      intervention. Outcome measures were the UK Medication Appropriateness Index, the
      Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), and serious adverse events. RESULTS: The
      intervention did not lead to any statistically significant change in the
      appropriateness of prescribing or health outcomes. Although the mental component
      of the SF-36 decreased as study participants become older, this trend was not
      affected by pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSION: The RESPECT model of pharmaceutical
      care (Randomised Evaluation of Shared Prescribing for Elderly people in the
      Community over Time) shared between community pharmacists and GPs did not
      significantly change the appropriateness of prescribing or quality of life in
      older patients.

PMID- 19995494
TI  - Conventional plate fixation of periarticular fractures.
AB  - Over the last few years, locking plates have become increasingly popular for the
      treatment of a variety of periarticular fractures. Despite the popularity of
      these new implants, older implants have a long track record of success and are
      still appropriate for a variety of periarticular fractures. This article reviews
      some of the current literature on locking plates and compares results for general
      fracture types to conventional plate fixation. The question of whether a locking
      plate or conventional plate is best for the patient, easier for the surgeon to
      use, and cost-effective is discussed.

PMID- 19995495
TI  - Neck and shoulder pain: differentiating cervical spine pathology from shoulder
      pathology.
AB  - Problems of the cervical spine and shoulder frequently have very similar
      presentations and can be difficult to differentiate. However, with a careful
      history, physical exam, imaging studies, and judicious use of diagnostic
      injections, the true source of a patient's symptoms can be deciphered and
      treated. Cervical spondylosis not only causes pain in the neck and shoulder area,
      but can also cause radiating pain in the arm and forearm that can be confused
      with rotator cuff pathology, nerve compression in the shoulder area, or brachial
      neuritis.

PMID- 19995496
TI  - Biomechanical testing of unstable humeral shaft fracture plating.
AB  - This study compared the biomechanical performance of 4.5-mm limited-contact
      dynamic compression plates (DCPs) and 3.5-mm locking compression plates (LCPs)
      for the fixation of unstable humeral shaft fractures. Composite humeri were
      divided into two groups: 3.5-mm LCPs and 4.5-mm DCPs. Osteotomy gaps of 5 mm,
      simulating diaphyseal comminution, were created. Stiffness tests were performed
      in anterior-posterior (AP) bending, medial-lateral (ML) bending, torsion, and
      axial compression. Results showed that while construct stiffnesses in ML bending
      and torsional loading are significantly higher for the 4.5 DCP group (p < .05),
      no statistically significant differences were observed in AP bending or axial
      compression. Fatigue characteristics under cyclic AP bending conditions were also
      evaluated, although no failures occurred. Data from the literature suggest that
      stiffness results for the LCP constructs perhaps afford sufficient fixation
      strength capable of supporting the physiologic loads most commonly applied during
      postoperative rehabilitation. However, results indicate that the DCP construct is
      mechanically advantageous for stabilizing diaphyseal comminuted fractures.

PMID- 19995497
TI  - Biomechanical comparison of two headless compression screws for scaphoid
      fixation.
AB  - This study compared compression generation between two headless compression
      screws: the Synthes 3.0-mm and the Acutrak standard. Twenty scaphoids were
      harvested from 10 pairs of fresh cadaveric forearms. A washer-shaped load cell
      was inserted between the halves of each scaphoid created by a simulated fracture
      via osteotomy. One scaphoid of each pair was tested with the Synthes and the
      other with the Acutrak. Parameters of interest were peak screw torque and
      fracture site compression. Differences in parameters of interest were checked for
      significance (p < .05) with paired t tests. No significant differences were shown
      in mean (+/- standard deviation) peak torque (57 +/- 28 Ncm vs. 55 +/- 32 Ncm; p
      < .84), compression immediately after insertion (119 +/- 54 N vs. 91 +/- 37 N; p
      < .15), or compression 5 min after insertion (32 +/- 30 N vs. 38 +/- 24 N; p <
      .61) between the Synthes and Acutrak screw fixations, respectively. The choice
      between these two screws to stabilize scaphoid waist fractures should be based on
      parameters other than compression generation, such as size, availability, cost,
      and ease of use of the implant.

PMID- 19995498
TI  - Copeland EAS hemi-resurfacing arthroplasty for rotator cuff tear arthropathy:
      preliminary results.
AB  - Hemiarthroplasty is a common form of treatment for rotator cuff tear arthropathy.
      Clinical outcomes of the bone-sparing Copeland Extended Articular Surface (EAS)
      hemi-resurfacing arthroplasty for rotator cuff tear arthropathy have not been
      reported in the literature. This article presents the authors' preliminary
      results in this study. Six patients treated with this prosthesis were
      retrospectively reviewed and the preoperative and postoperative scores for range
      of motion and outcomes as assessed by the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and
      hand (DASH) questionnaire and visual analog scale for pain were compared.
      Significant improvements were found in function, with DASH scores decreasing from
      an average of 55 to 22, pain improving from 8.83 to 4.5, and external rotation
      improving from 49; to 67;. Five of the six patients were satisfied with the
      outcome of the procedure. This level IV therapeutic study concluded that the bone
      sparing Copeland EAS hemi-resurfacing arthroplasty is a viable alternative to
      stemmed hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of rotator cuff tear arthropathy in
      younger, more active patients in whom future revision is a likely possibility.

PMID- 19995499
TI  - Volume and length of stay in a total joint replacement program.
AB  - To determine the impact of the new Joint Academy on volume and length of stay
      (LOS), the authors undertook a retrospective record review for January-March of
      2006 and 2007. A total of 413 primary and revision total joint replacements
      performed by two surgeons were reviewed, with 10.7% more procedures in 2007 than
      in 2006. The weighted average LOS in 2006 was 3.44 days; in 2007 it was 3.36
      days. Significantly, the authors also compared volumes and LOS by weekday of
      admission and found no statistical variance in average length of stay (ALOS) by
      weekday of admission. Revisions negatively affected ALOS but added volume. It was
      concluded that the Joint Academy had a positive impact on volume and LOS, with
      most patients successfully discharged on postoperative day 3 due to the program's
      standardized order sets and appropriate resource allocation.

PMID- 19995500
TI  - Salvage procedures for pseudarthrosis after transforaminal lumbar interbody
      fusion (TLIF)-anterior-only versus anterior-posterior surgery: a clinical and
      radiological outcome study.
AB  - A retrospective review was performed to analyze the radiographic and functional
      outcomes of two different surgeries to repair a pseudarthrosis following a
      transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure. Although there are
      several published reports on the results of the TLIF procedure, there are no
      reports on how to salvage a failed TLIF. A total of 38 consecutive patients with
      failed TLIF procedures (at 50 levels) were repaired by either a direct anterior
      approach only (21 patients) or by a combined direct anterior approach coupled
      with a posterior exploration and pseudarthrosis repair (17 patients). The minimum
      follow-up after revision was 24 months. Clinical outcome was measured by Oswestry
      Disability Index, Roland Morris Questionnaire, SF-36, and the authors' own
      centers' satisfaction questionnaire in 17 of the 38 patients. The fusion rate for
      the anterior-alone group was 81% (17/21) and 88% (15/17) for the anterior
      posterior group, not a statistically significant difference. The Oswestry scores
      averaged 56.4 for the anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) group and 51.4 for
      the anterior-posterior fusion (APF) group. The Roland-Morris scores averaged 18.9
      for the ALIF group and 20.0 for the APF group. The SF-36 showed similar outcomes
      in both groups. The authors' center's satisfaction questionnaire also showed
      similar results. The outcomes, both radiologic and functional, were equal in both
      groups. There was very little improvement in functional outcomes comparing
      prerepair to postrepair based on the authors' questionnaire.

PMID- 19995501
TI  - Popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to osteochondroma in children and
      adolescents: a case report and literature review.
AB  - Osteochondroma is the most frequent bone tumor and can rarely cause vascular
      complications. False aneurysms of the popliteal artery due to an osteochondroma
      are not common in the pediatric population. The case of an 11-year-old boy who
      presented with a painful mass on the posterior aspect of his distal thigh is
      described. Radiologic studies revealed an osteochondroma of the distal femur and
      a pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal fossa. A combined orthopaedic and vascular
      surgery was undertaken. The exostosis was excised and the popliteal artery was
      repaired by performing a venous patch angioplasty technique. A review of the
      literature regarding this vascular complication in young patients is also
      reported.

PMID- 19995502
TI  - Use of universal split leg accessories for operating table setup in placement of
      circular external fixators.
AB  - This article describes a technique for the operating table setup for application
      of circular external fixation devices. This technique uses Universal Split Leg
      Accessories for the operating room table, which facilitates intraoperative
      fluoroscopy and makes the application of circular external fixation devices less
      cumbersome and more efficient.

PMID- 19995503
TI  - Treatment strategies for ankylosed primary molars.
AB  - AIM: The purpose of this article is to focus on aetiology and appropriate
      treatment techniques concerning anklyosis of primary molars. LITERATURE: The
      dental literature is reviewed in detail concerning aetiology, frequency of
      occurrence, diagnosis and longevity of ankylosed primary molars without
      successors. Treatment concepts are discussed. Long term implications of treatment
      decisions made in the mixed dentition are emphasised. Areas of treatment that are
      unsupported by evidence are identified as potential research topics. CONCLUSION:
      When the underlying premolar is present and the infra-occlusion is not
      progressive, then observation is appropriate. Only when there is severe
      disruption to the occlusion and/or the underlying premolar, extraction and space
      management may be appropriate. When the ankylosed primary molar has no underlying
      premolar, orthodontic input is needed to determine if extraction and space
      closure, extraction and transplantation or extraction and prosthetic replacement
      is the best plan.

PMID- 19995504
TI  - Fissure sealant retention and caries development after resealing on first
      permanent molars of children with low, moderate and high caries risk.
AB  - AIM: This was to evaluate the retention of fissure sealants (FS) and their
      effectiveness after resealing on caries reduction applied to first permanent
      molars, in a sample of children stratified according to their caries risk status
      in a private practice setting. METHODS: The sample was 1,274 FS applied on first
      permanent molars (FPM) of 380 children (6 to 8 years old). Follow-up and
      monitoring for resealing was 3 years after FS placement, having at least one
      recall visit per year. Caries risk was based on baseline dmft index: low
      (dmft=0), moderate (dmft=1-4), high (dmft >4), with almost half of the teeth
      belonging to the high-risk group. All sealed teeth were evaluated and recorded
      for FS failure and resealing in case of partial/total loss, as well as caries
      development. Survival analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazards regression
      model was used for data evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 1,274 sealed surfaces, 927
      (72.8%) needed no intervention 185 (14.5%) needed only resealing and 162 (12.7%)
      developed caries during the study. Of 162 carious surfaces, 107/ 675 (15.9%) were
      from the high caries risk children, compared with 17/144 (11.8%) and 38/455
      (8.3%) from the moderate and low caries risk group respectively. The highest
      number of failures, 4.9% and resealing were found at first recall, declining to
      1.4% at the end of the study. Development of caries followed a steady rate of 6
      8% per year. Cox proportional hazards model indicated, regardless if resealing or
      caries development was considered a failure or resealing was a success and caries
      development a failure, only the high dmft index appeared in both cases to
      significantly increase the chance (158% and 173% respectively) of FS failure and
      caries development compared with moderate and low dmft index. Other variables
      when inserted into the hazard model, such as age, sex and number of visits,
      either did not show a significant effect or only marginally affected FS
      retention, without modifying the association between caries risk and sealant
      failure. CONCLUSIONS: Children of a high baseline caries risk status showed lower
      FS retention rates and higher occlusal caries prevalence following FS loss
      compared with those of moderate and low risk status. Resealing does not seem to
      dramatically change the final outcome of the higher risk group to develop more
      caries, necessitating other more effective measures to increase the retention of
      FS on these highly vulnerable areas.

PMID- 19995505
TI  - A comparative study of fissure sealants Helioseal Clear Chroma and Delton FS(+):
      3 year results.
AB  - AIM: To evaluate the retention rates of a resin based colour changing fissure
      sealant (Helioseal Clear Chroma; Ivoclar Vivadent AG Schaan, Liechtenstein)
      compared with a coloured resin based fluoride fissure sealant (Delton FS(+);
      Dentsply De Trey GmbH,Konstanz,Germany). METHODS: The fissure sealants (FS) were
      placed on all 4 caries-free first permanent molars of 31 children aged 6-9 years,
      using a half mouth experimental design by a paediatric dentist according to the
      manufacturers' instructions. A total of 121 FS were placed at baseline. Teeth
      were evaluated at 3 month intervals for 36 months where a preventive program
      including topical fluoride application was applied. RESULTS: Retention rates for
      36 months showed a differences between Delton FS(+) and Helioseal Clear Chroma
      that were statistically significant (p<0.05). Delton FS(+) had total retention
      rate of 30.4% for 36 months compared with Helioseal Clear Chroma at 10.8% for the
      same evaluation period. Although Delton FS(+) showed significantly better results
      than Helioseal Clear Chroma for the evaluation periods, there were no
      statistically significant differences between Delton FS(+) (90.7%) and Helioseal
      Clear Chroma (80.4%) with respect to caries incidence at 36 months(p>0.05).
      CONCLUSION: Delton FS(+) showed a better complete retention rate for occlusal FS
      at one year. Both FS were aesthetically acceptable and easy to see during
      application and follow-up periods and gave significant protection from occlusal
      decay.

PMID- 19995506
TI  - Retention of fissure sealants using two different methods of application in teeth
      with hypomineralised molars (MIH): a 4 year clinical study.
AB  - AIM: This was to evaluate the retention rate of fissure sealants applied to MIH
      molars with occlusal enamel opacities, using two different application methods
      after 4 years. METHODS: 54 children exhibiting molars with MIH aged 6-7 years,
      participated in the study. SELECTION CRITERIA: presence of at least 2 fully
      erupted caries-free maxillary or mandibular first permanent molars in the
      opposite sides of the mouth, both with occlusal enamel opacities without
      breakdown. Following parental consent, sealants were applied using a half-mouth
      experimental design. Group A: On a randomly assigned first molar on one side of
      the mouth sealants Fissurit were placed using a single bottle adhesive system
      (One-step prior to sealant application. Group B: Sealants were applied on the
      contra-lateral molar using the conventional etch and seal technique. Children
      were seen biannually when a preventive program was applied, without replacing any
      lost sealant. RESULTS: After 4 years, 47 sets of molars (94 teeth) were available
      for blind evaluation. Teeth in Group A presented a better retention rate; 70.2%
      were fully sealed, 29.7% partly sealed and none unsealed (lost sealant). Group B
      revealed 25.5% fully sealed, 44.6% partly sealed and 29.7% unsealed teeth.
      STATISTICS: Differences between groups A and B were statistically significant
      (p<0.001). Also both groups revealed a decreasing retention rate over the 4-year
      period (p<0.001). There was no difference in dental caries increment rate and
      enamel breakdowns at the end of the study (p>0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In
      hypomineralised molars with occlusal opacities sealants appear to have greater
      retention when applied using 5th generation adhesive systems prior to sealant.

PMID- 19995507
TI  - Influence of the experience of operator and assistant on the survival rate of
      proximal ART restorations: two-year results.
AB  - AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the influence of the experience
      of the operator and the assistant on the survival rate of proximal ART-
      restorations after 2 years when placed using two methods of tooth-isolation and
      three glass ionomer cement-brands. STUDY DESIGN: A clinical intervention study.
      METHODS: Each of 804 children aged 6-8 years received one proximal restoration in
      their primary molars. The restorations were placed by 'experienced/inexperienced'
      operators randomly paired with 'experienced/ inexperienced' assistants. The
      atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach was used with 3 brands of glass
      ionomer cements (GIC) and 2 tooth-isolation methods (rubber dam vs cotton rolls).
      Trained and calibrated evaluators evaluated the restorations, soon after
      placement and after 2 years. STATISTICS: The data collected were analyzed using
      SPSS 14.0, to determine and relate the survival rate of the restorations to the
      operator and assistant with respect to the other factors such as the restorative
      material used and the isolation method applied. RESULTS: After 2 years, the
      survival rate of the restorations was 30.8%. In general, there were no
      statistical significant differences in the survival rate of the restorations made
      by the 'experienced' vs 'inexperienced' operators, but individually, the operator
      with more experience was associated with a significantly higher survival rate of
      the restorations. The experienced assistants were associated with significantly
      higher survival rates of the restorations. The most 'experienced' operator paired
      with any 'experienced' assistant and using rubber dam tooth-isolation method, was
      associated with a significantly higher survival rate of the restorations.
      CONCLUSION: The combination of the 'experienced' operator and assistant using
      rubber dam tooth-isolation method had the best chance of survival for proximal
      ART restorations, irrespective of the material-brand used.

PMID- 19995509
TI  - Children's and parents' attitudes towards dentists' attire.
AB  - AIM: To assess children and parental attitudes towards dental attire. METHODS: A
      convenience sample of paediatric dental patients and their parents attending the
      Paediatric Dentistry Dept. (Leeds, UK). Data was collected using a questionnaire
      accompanied by a series of photographs of female and male dental students in
      different modes of attire. RESULTS: 100 parents with a mean age of 40.4 years
      (SD+/-8.8) and range 23-60 years, and 100 children with a mean age of 9.8 years
      (SD+/-3.5) and range 4-16 years responded. Participants preferred females in
      white coat and mask (15.5%) and white coat (10.5%); males in white coat and mask
      (11.0%), white coat and glasses (9.0%) and formal shirt (8.5%). Parents
      significantly preferred formal attire and children informal attire (x2=25.417,
      p<0.022). Comparing white coat vs paediatric coats, both parents and children
      ranked white coats in favour of paediatric coats (x2= 1.476, p=0.347). A highly
      significant difference was found between the male participants who favoured the
      male dental student and female participants the female dental student (x2=
      30.600, p<0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Parents favoured traditional dress as it gives an
      air of professionalism. Children preferred dental students in casual attire, both
      children and parents ranked formal white in favour of a paediatric coat. There
      was a highly significant difference in preference of the participants towards the
      sex of their dental health care provider, male participants favoured male student
      and females female students.

PMID- 19995508
TI  - Recruiting rural dentally-avoidant adolescents into an intervention study.
AB  - AIM: To carry out a study designed to test an intervention to increase dental
      attendance in rural dentally-avoidant adolescents, to identify and recruit
      eligible adolescents. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional
      design to identify eligible adolescents. A total of 2,762 adolescents (60% of the
      enrolled students) from junior high and senior high schools in a rural county in
      Washington State (USA) were given a dental examination with a light and mirror by
      calibrated dental examiners using WHO criteria. Parents of children with serious
      dental needs were urged to seek dental care for their adolescent children. They
      were offered the chance to enroll their child in a study comparing two programs
      designed to help the adolescent decide whether to seek out dental care. A second
      group of emancipated adolescents and young adults (aged < 26 years) receiving
      services at the local college and health department was also screened, and
      eligible individuals were also offered the chance to enroll. RESULTS AND
      STATISTICS: Only 23 (6%) of 357 eligible junior and senior high school
      adolescents enrolled, compared with 24 (67%) of the 36 eligible emancipated
      adolescents and young adults. A second follow-up letter was sent to the 85
      parents of un-enrolled adolescents with the most severe caries, offering direct
      assistance in obtaining dental care for their children; only 3 families
      responded. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the difficulty in engaging
      adolescents in their oral health and utilization of oral health interventions.
      The results also suggest that slightly older rural individuals are more
      interested in and/or able to overcome barriers to seeking out dental care.
      Alternative strategies are suggested for recruiting avoidant adolescents.

PMID- 19995510
TI  - Effect of bevelling on marginal microleakage of buccal-surface fissure sealants
      in permanent teeth.
AB  - AIM: This was to assess the effect of bevelling the margins of fissures on buccal
      surfaces in permanent molars on marginal microleakage of fissure sealants.
      METHODS: The in vitro study was performed on buccal surfaces of 20 extracted
      permanent third molars, randomly divided into two groups of 10 teeth. Group I:
      performing enameloplasty (opening the fissures using fissurotomy bur),
      conditioning with phosphoric acid (37% phosphoric acid for 20 s), placing bonding
      (enamel bonding agent), and then fissure sealant. Group II: all stages were
      similar to group I, except for bevelling the margins of buccal fissures (0.5 mm
      bevel) after enameloplasty. Teeth were then thermocycled, stained with 0.5% basic
      fuchsin, sectioned and examined for marginal microleakage. The Mann-Whitney test
      was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No dye penetration was seen in Group
      II (with bevel), but there was a 60% microleakage in Group I (without bevel)
      (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In permanent molar teeth, bevelling the margins of
      fissures on the buccal surfaces appears to reduce the marginal microleakage of
      fissure sealants.

PMID- 19995511
TI  - Case report: Unclassified syndrome involving dental enamel, dentine and lack of
      tooth eruption.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Regional odontodysplasia, also described as ghost teeth, has been
      described on a number of occasions, in some cases generalized odontodysplasia
      affecting both the primary and the permanent dentition. However, generalised
      odontodysplasia is a very rare finding, involving large pulps and short roots of
      the whole dentition and in the cases previously reported the teeth finally erupt.
      In the case reported on herein this has not happened. CASE REPORT: A female
      patient, now aged 22-years-old, cared for in the TAKO-centre (Oslo) since she was
      5 years old, presented with a continuing problem of absence of permanent teeth
      due to total lack of eruption. All her permanent teeth were either retained intra
      alveolar or had been extracted following previous periods of pain and infections.
      There was no enamel on any of the permanent teeth and the dentine was softer than
      normal. In addition, there appeared to be very little potential for eruption.
      Hence, tooth development was affected in all aspects. Her skeletal height was
      much shorter than expected taking her tall parents into consideration. After all
      possible assessments, no specific diagnosis for the condition of this young woman
      has been determined. TREATMENT: Before the present series of dental care the
      patient was wearing full dentures in both jaws. In the autumn of 2007, implants
      were placed in her maxilla and an implant supported fixed prosthesis in porcelain
      was installed the following spring. Similarly, implants were placed in her
      mandible, partly in retained teeth, in the autumn of 2008, and an implant
      supported fixed prosthesis was inserted during the spring of 2009. FOLLOW-UP:
      after prosthetic treatment a dental hygienist has seen the patient regularly. No
      problems or signs of infections have occurred to date. CONCLUSION: This case
      report concerns a rare and apparently un-named syndrome affecting both primary
      and permanent teeth. This paper has been written with an aim of gathering the
      views as to the aetiology of her problem, hopefully finally to provide a
      definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 19995512
TI  - Virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters of Haemophilus parasuis are
      antigenic proteins expressed in vivo.
AB  - Glasser's disease is a re-emerging swine disease characterized by a severe
      septicaemia. Vaccination has been widely used to control the disease, although
      there is a lack of extended cross-protection. Trimeric autotransporters, a family
      of surface exposed proteins implicated in host-pathogen interactions, are good
      vaccine candidates. Members of this family have been described in Haemophilus
      parasuis and designated as virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (VtaA).
      In this work, we produced 15 recombinant VtaA passenger domains and looked for
      the presence of antibodies directed against them in immune sera by
      immunoblotting. After infection with a subclinical dose of H. parasuis Nagasaki,
      an IgG mediated antibody response against 6 (VtaA1, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10) of the 13
      VtaA of the Nagasaki strain was detected, indicating that they are expressed in
      vivo. IgA production against VtaA was detected in only one animal. VtaA were more
      likely to be late antigens when compared to early (Omp P5 and Omp P6) and late
      (YaeT) defined antigens. Antibody cross-reaction with two orthologs of Nagasaki's
      VtaA5 and 6, VtaA15 and 16 of strain HP1319, was also detected. No antibodies
      against VtaA were detected in the sera of animals immunized with a bacterin of
      the Nagasaki strain, suggesting poor expression in the in vitro conditions used.
      Taken together, these results indicate that VtaA are good candidate immunogens
      that could be used to improve H. parasuis vaccines. However, their capacity to
      confer protective immunity needs to be further studied.

PMID- 19995515
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Value of serum antisperm antibodies in diagnosing
      obstructive azoospermia. Lee R, Goldstein M, Ullery BW, et al. J Urol
      2009;181:264-9.

PMID- 19995516
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Alfuzosin and symptoms of chronic prostatitis-chronic pelvic
      pain syndrome. Nickel JC, Krieger JN, McNaughton-Collins M, et al; Chronic
      Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2663-73.

PMID- 19995513
TI  - Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen
      years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family.
AB  - Chlamydophila pecorum found in the intestine and vaginal mucus of asymptomatic
      ruminants has also been associated with different pathological conditions in
      ruminants, swine and koalas. Some endangered species such as water buffalos and
      bandicoots have also been found to be infected by C. pecorum. The persistence of
      C. pecorum strains in the intestine and vaginal mucus of ruminants could cause
      long-term sub-clinical infection affecting the animal's health. C. pecorum
      strains present many genetic and antigenic variations, but coding tandem repeats
      have recently been found in some C. pecorum genes, allowing C. pecorum strains
      isolated from sick animals to be differentiated from those isolated from
      asymptomatic animals. This review provides an update on C. pecorum infections in
      different animal hosts and the implications for animal health. The taxonomy,
      typing and genetic aspects of C. pecorum are also reviewed.

PMID- 19995517
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Impact of risk factors on the performance of the nuclear
      matrix protein 22 point-of-care test for bladder cancer detection. Lotan Y,
      Shariat SF; NMP22 Study Group. BJU Int 2008;101:1362-7.

PMID- 19995518
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: PCA3 score before radical prostatectomy predicts
      extracapsular extension and tumor volume. Whitman EJ, Groskopf J, Ali A, et al. J
      Urol 2008;180:1975-8; discussion 1978-9.

PMID- 19995519
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Surveillance and deferred treatment for localized prostate
      cancer. Population based study in the National Prostate Cancer Register of
      Sweden. Stattin P, Holmberg E, Bratt O, Adolfsson J, Johansson J-E, Hugosson J;
      National Prostate Cancer Register. J Urol 2008;180:2423-30.

PMID- 19995520
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Phase I clinical trial of a selective inhibitor of CYP17,
      abiraterone acetate, confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly
      remains hormone driven. Attard G, Reid AH, Yap TA, et al. J Clin Oncol
      2008;26:4563-71.

PMID- 19995522
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy in patients
      with small renal tumors--is there a difference in mortality and cardiovascular
      outcomes?

PMID- 19995523
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Surgical treatments for men with benign prostatic
      enlargement: cost effectiveness study.

PMID- 19995524
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for posttraumatic
      urethral stricture with or without previous urethral manipulations: a review of
      61 cases with long-term followup.

PMID- 19995525
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer
      screening trial.

PMID- 19995526
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: Selective inhibition of CYP17 with abiraterone acetate is
      highly active in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

PMID- 19995527
TI  - Words of wisdom. Re: D2 lymphadenectomy alone or with para-aortic nodal
      dissection for gastric cancer.

PMID- 19995528
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of stents: quantitative in vitro examination at 3
      Tesla].
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively study MR
      artifacts of various stents on the basis of in vitro experiments. We were
      particularly interested whether sequence type and orientation of the stent with
      respect to the static magnetic field influences the artifact. MATERIAL AND
      METHODS: We examined 18 stents of different material (nitinol, stainless steel,
      cobalt alloy), different design of the stent meshes (AccuLink, OmniLink,
      DynaLink, Xact, Protoge, Wallstent Monorail), different diameter (5-10mm) and
      different length (18-58 mm) with a turbo spin echo (TSE), a 2D-fast low angle
      shot (FLASH) and a 3D-FLASH sequence. The MR images were examined qualitatively
      with respect to possible artifacts. Furthermore we examined the MR data
      quantitatively: The contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) was determined both within the
      stent and outside (within the tube); based on these values we calculated the
      transparency factor P, furthermore we calculated the apparent vascular lumen
      within the tube and within the stent. RESULTS: The stents made of stainless steel
      and cobalt alloy displayed severe susceptibility artifacts. Therefore the vessel
      lumen within the stent could not be assessed. The nitinol stents showed different
      artifact patterns: The AccuLink and DynaLink stents showed less artifacts
      compared to the Xact and Protoge stents. Besides the susceptibility artifacts we
      found artifacts due to RF shielding by the stent mesh, particularly in TSE
      sequences. CONCLUSION: A MR control of patients after stenting is possible and
      may yield diagnostic information when using the AccuLink or DynaLink stents.
      However, it is important to make sure that the stent is MR safe for the field
      strength used for the examination.

PMID- 19995529
TI  - [Practical dosimetry and constancy check at introduction of intraoperative
      radiotherapy with Intrabeam (Zeiss)].
AB  - The check of dosimetry of the intraoperative radiotherapy system Intrabeam is
      predefined by the manufacture (Zeiss). The purpose of the study was to develop
      and implement a method to verify the internal dosimetry of Intrabeam (Zeiss).
      Additionally the long-term stability of Intrabeam was checked for dose and
      isotropy. For dose to water measurements an Unidos was combined with a soft jet
      chamber (TM 23342) which was calibrated in water absorbed dose and as a phantom
      the type 2962 (PTW Freiburg) was used. RW1 plates were inserted as build up
      material. The applicators were placed in a bag filled with water to consider the
      side-scattering. At the surface of the applicator there was a mean difference of
      3 percent between the dose to water measurement and the internal dosimetry. The
      constancy of the dose rate showed a mean deviation of 0.3% at the reference
      point. The analysis of the dose distribution perpendicular to the applicator axis
      z (reference z-axis) resulted in a mean deviation of -2.7% (x-direction) and 
      7,1% (-x-direction) for the x-axis and, respectively -4.1% (y-direction) and 
      5.3% (-y-direction) for the y-axis. The proposed method is suitable to verify the
      absolute dose of Intrabeam. The dose values measured by this method were
      congruent to the dosimetry of the manufacture (Zeiss). From our point of view it
      is sufficient to verify the absolute dosimetry only at time of commissioning of
      the system or in the case of changing the applicator. For the daily routine the
      check of constancy specified by the manufacture is adequate, because the dose
      rate is checked on a daily basis. Additionally the test of constancy showed a
      high long-term stability in terms of dose rate and symmetry.

PMID- 19995532
TI  - Global structure of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody IgG1 b12 is asymmetric.
AB  - Human antibody IgG1 b12 is one of the four antibodies known to neutralize a broad
      range of human immunodeficiency virus-1. The crystal structure of this antibody
      displayed an asymmetric disposition of the Fab arms relative to its Fc portion.
      Comparison of structures solved for other IgG1 antibodies led to a notion that
      crystal packing forces entrapped a "snap-shot" of different conformations
      accessible to this antibody. To elucidate global structure of this unique
      antibody, we acquired small-angle X-ray scattering data from its dilute solution.
      Data analysis indicated that b12 adopts a bilobal globular structure in solution
      with a radius of gyration and a maximum linear dimension of approximately 54 and
      approximately 180A, respectively. Extreme similarity between its solution and
      crystal structure concludes that non-flexible, asymmetric shape is an inherent
      property of this rare antibody.

PMID- 19995531
TI  - Evidence for opioid involvement in the motivation to sing.
AB  - Songbirds produce high rates of song within multiple social contexts, suggesting
      that they are highly motivated to sing and that song production itself may be
      rewarding. Progress has been made in understanding the neural basis of song
      learning and sensorimotor processing, however little is known about
      neurobiological mechanisms regulating the motivation to sing. Neural systems
      involved in motivation and reward have been conserved across species and in
      songbirds are neuroanatomically well-positioned to influence the song control
      system. Opioid neuropeptides within these systems play a primary role in hedonic
      reward, at least in mammals. In songbirds, opioid neuropeptides and receptors are
      found throughout the song control system and within several brain regions
      implicated in both motivation and reward, including the medial preoptic nucleus
      (POM) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Growing research shows these regions to
      play a role in birdsong that differs depending upon whether song is sexually
      motivated in response to a female, used for territorial defense or sung as part
      of a flock but not directed towards an individual (undirected song). Opioid
      pharmacological manipulations and immunocytochemical data demonstrate a role for
      opioid activity possibly within VTA and POM in the regulation of song production.
      Although future research is needed, data suggest that opioids may be most
      critically involved in reinforcing song that does not result in any obvious form
      of immediate externally mediated reinforcement, such as undirected song produced
      in large flocks or during song learning. Data are reviewed supporting the idea
      that dopamine activity underlies the motivation or drive to sing, but that opioid
      release is what makes song production rewarding.

PMID- 19995533
TI  - [Indication for bone scans in early breast cancer staging].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the indication for bone scanning during staging of early
      breast cancer in the light of scientific evidence to assess the need to modify
      practices with scant effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The bone scans carried
      out in our Nuclear Medicine Department in 2007 on patients with primary breast
      cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Results were analyzed in relation to the
      clinical and histopathologic findings for each tumor. Bone scan results of tumors
      >2 cm y <or=5 cm (T2) were analyzed in two groups stratified by tumor size, <or=3
      cm or >3 cm, and pre-treatment clinical stage. RESULTS: Out of 245 bone scans of
      patients with breast cancer, 237 (97%) were negative for metastatic disease and 8
      (3%) were positive. Lesions <2 cm (Tis and T1) were diagnosed in 131 patients
      (53.5%), none of which had bone metastasis at time of diagnosis. Lesions >2 cm
      and <or=5 cm (T2) were diagnosed in 84 patients (34%), of which 3.6% had bone
      metastasis. There were no differences in the rate of bone metastases in patients
      with stage T2 disease and lesions <or=3 cm vs. >3 cm. The bone scan findings did
      not modify staging in any of the 66 patients with T2 tumors stage IIA, but it did
      modify staging in 2 of 12 patients with stage IIB tumors. Twenty percent of 15
      patients with T3 tumors and 13% of patients with T4 tumors had bone metastasis at
      time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Ineffective practices should be modified and bone
      scanning should not be indicated in patients with early breast cancer Tis, T1 and
      T2 with tumor <or=2 cm, clinical stage IIA. Pre-treatment bone scanning is still
      indicated in T2 IIB, T3 and T4 disease.

PMID- 19995534
TI  - [Agreement between observers with different experience in the interpretation of
      the stress myocardial perfusion electrocardiogram in SPECT].
AB  - Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in many countries.
      Stress electrocardiogram (ECG) is able to detect myocardial ischemia and also has
      prognostic value, which may be impaired in presence of electrical baseline
      abnormalities. Stress myocardial single photon emission tomography (SPECT) has
      recognized utility yield in assessment of CAD, requiring independent
      interpretation of ECG and myocardial images. PURPOSE: To analyze stress ECG
      interpretation reproducibility among observers with different training level,
      including pre- and post-graduate medical students, compared to an experienced
      cardiologist and also with SPECT. METHOD: We studied 95 patients under CAD
      evaluation, mean age 61+/-9.3 years (range: 42-85), 56% male. Interobserver
      correlation kappa (k) between perfusion gated (99m)Tc-Sestamibi SPECT and
      exercise ECG were calculated as normal/abnormal, presence of necrosis, ischemia
      or mixed pattern. Interobserver kappa (k) analysis was made. RESULTS: 49.5%
      stress ECG and 45% SPECT studies were abnormal at the initial report with 62.1%
      concordance (k: 0.24) for normal/abnormal and 58.9% for ischemia (k: 0.14).
      Agreement between stress ECG initial report and independent cardiologist was
      89.5% (k: 0.78). The correlation between independent observers and the initial
      report ranged between 62.1% and 48.4%, for baseline ECG between 41.1% and 90.5%
      considering normal/abnormal, and between 80% and 93.7% (k: 0.59-0.87) for the
      presence of ischemia. CONCLUSION: Stress ECG interpretation presented adequate
      interobserver reproducibility with greater agreement in the most experienced
      observers, confirming the importance of training.

PMID- 19995535
TI  - [Utility of SPECT-CT in the characterization of rib injuries].

PMID- 19995536
TI  - [Casual finding of adenocarcinoma of the colon on performing PET-CT with 18F
      FDG].

PMID- 19995537
TI  - [Bone SPECT-CT with 99mTc-labelled bisphosphonates].

PMID- 19995538
TI  - Multiple innate signaling pathways cooperate with CD40 to induce potent, CD70
      dependent cellular immunity.
AB  - We have previously shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists cooperate with
      CD40 to generate CD8 T cell responses exponentially larger than the responses
      generated with traditional vaccine formulations. We have also shown that combined
      TLR agonist/anti-CD40 immunization uniquely induces the upregulation of CD70 on
      antigen bearing dendritic cells (DCs). In contrast, immunization with either a
      TLR agonist or a CD40 stimulus alone does not significantly increase CD70
      expression on DCs. Furthermore, the CD8(+) T cell response generated by combined
      TLR agonist/anti-CD40 immunization is dependent on the expression of CD70 by DCs,
      as CD70 blockade following immunization dramatically decreases the CD8 T cell
      response. Here we show that other innate pathways, independent of the TLRs, can
      also cooperate with CD40 to induce potent, CD70 dependent, CD8 T cell responses.
      These innate stimuli include Type I IFN (IFN) and alpha-galactosylceramide
      (alphaGalCer) or aC-GalCer, glycolipids that are presented by a nonclassical
      class I MHC molecule, CD1d, and are able to activate NKT cells. Furthermore, this
      combined IFN/anti-CD40 immunization generates protective memory against bacterial
      challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Together these data indicate the
      importance of assessing CD70 expression on DCs as a marker for the capacity of a
      given vaccine formulation to potently activate cellular immunity. Our data
      indicate that optimal induction of CD70 expression requires a coordinated
      stimulation of both innate (TLR, IFN, alphaGalCer) and adaptive (CD40) signaling
      pathways.

PMID- 19995540
TI  - High rates of serological response to a modified hepatitis B vaccination schedule
      in HIV-infected adults subjects.
AB  - We evaluated a modified HBV regimen in a cohort of HIV-infected subjects in Rio
      de Janeiro, Brazil. HIV-infected subjects with no serologic evidences of previous
      hepatitis B infection were immunized with 4 doses (40 microg each) of recombinant
      hepatitis B vaccine given at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months. Blood samples were collected 1
      month after the last dose and anti-HBs titers were measured. A protective
      antibody response was defined as an anti-HBs titer >or=10 mIU/mL. Forty-seven
      subjects (30 women, 17 men; mean age was 36 years, ranging from 21 to 58 years)
      were included in the final analysis. Median baseline CD4+ lymphocyte count was
      402 cells/mm(3) and 33 subjects (70%) had an HIV viral load below 80 copies/mL. A
      protective antibody response was observed in 42 (89%) subjects. Thirty-seven
      (78%) and 28 (60%) patients developed anti-HBs titers higher than 100 mIU/mL and
      1000 mIU/mL, respectively. 1 out of 5 non-responders (20%) had an HIV viral load
      below the detection limit, in contrast with 32 (76%) of those with an adequate
      serologic response (p=0.02). These findings suggest that 4-double dose
      alternative schedule may be considered to overcome the lower seroconversion rates
      observed with the standard regimens in HIV-infected subjects.

PMID- 19995541
TI  - Effect of genetic adjuvants on immune respondance, growth and hormone levels in
      somatostatin DNA vaccination-induced Hu lambs.
AB  - The aim of current study was to evaluate the prospects of adjuvants against DNA
      vaccination (pES/2SS) encoding somatostatin (SS) and hepatitis B surface antigen
      fusion gene. A total of 60 female Hu lambs were divided into 6 groups and
      vaccinated in the context of various adjuvants (and controls): pE-CpG,
      Escherichia coli DH5alpha DNA, crude liposomes or GM-CSF in combination with the
      pES/2SS plasmid. Controls included pES/2SS only vaccinated and physiological
      saline groups. The antibody against SS level in the E. coli DH5alpha DNA group
      was significantly increased compared to that in the pES/2SS vaccine alone.
      Vaccination with pES/2SS/pE-CpG or pES/2SS/E. coli DH5alpha resulted in elevated
      weight gains that were 33.0 and 31.6% higher, respectively, than in saline group
      and pES/2SS only vaccinated controls. The concentrations of GH and IGF-I in the
      DNA vaccine groups were remarkably higher than those in the saline group, and
      those with positive antibody higher than negative antibody. These results
      suggested that different adjuvant/pES/2SS combinations can enhance the immune
      effect and had significant positive effects on growth.

PMID- 19995539
TI  - Immunogenicity of viral vector, prime-boost SIV vaccine regimens in infant rhesus
      macaques: attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and modified vaccinia
      Ankara (MVA) recombinant SIV vaccines compared to live-attenuated SIV.
AB  - In a previously developed infant macaque model mimicking HIV infection by breast
      feeding, we demonstrated that intramuscular immunization with recombinant
      poxvirus vaccines expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) structural
      proteins provided partial protection against infection following oral inoculation
      with virulent SIV. In an attempt to further increase systemic but also local
      antiviral immune responses at the site of viral entry, we tested the
      immunogenicity of different orally administered, replicating vaccines. One group
      of newborn macaques received an oral prime immunization with a recombinant
      vesicular stomatitis virus expressing SIVmac239 gag, pol and env (VSV-SIVgpe),
      followed 2 weeks later by an intramuscular boost immunization with MVA-SIV.
      Another group received two immunizations with live-attenuated SIVmac1A11,
      administered each time both orally and intravenously. Control animals received
      mock immunizations or non-SIV VSV and MVA control vectors. Analysis of SIV
      specific immune responses in blood and lymphoid tissues at 4 weeks of age
      demonstrated that both vaccine regimens induced systemic antibody responses and
      both systemic and local cell-mediated immune responses. The safety and
      immunogenicity of the VSV-SIVgpe+MVA-SIV immunization regimen described in this
      report provide the scientific incentive to explore the efficacy of this vaccine
      regimen against virulent SIV exposure in the infant macaque model.

PMID- 19995542
TI  - Murine neutralizing antibody response and toxicity to synthetic peptides derived
      from E1 and E2 proteins of hepatitis C virus.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The highest estimated prevalence of HCV infection has been reported
      in Egypt, nearly 12% mostly type 4. Currently, a commercial vaccine to protect
      this high risk population as well as global HCV infected patients is not
      available. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we aim at: (1) examining the viral
      binding capacities of purified monospecific polyclonal murine antibodies raised
      against genetically conserved viral protein sequences, i.e. synthetic peptides
      derived from those sequences located within envelope proteins and (2) assessment
      of immunogenic properties and safety parameters of those peptides individually
      and in a vaccine format in mice. METHODS: Purified IgG Abs from immunized mice
      were used in immunocapture RT-PCR experiments to test viral neutralization by Abs
      raised against each of 4 peptides termed p35 (E1), p36 (E2), p37 (E2) and p38
      (E2). Swiss mice were immunized with each of the 3 peptides (p35, p37 and p38)
      which generated neutralizing antibodies in immunocapture experiments. Antibody
      responses to corresponding peptides were determined using different routes of
      administration, different adjuvants, different doses and at different time points
      post-injection. To explore the dose range for future pharmacological studies,
      three doses namely 50 ng, 10 MUg and 50 MUg/25 gm mouse body weight were tested
      for biochemical and histopathological changes in several organs. RESULTS: Murine
      Abs against p35, p37 and p38 but not p36 showed HCV neutralization in
      immunocapture experiments. Subcutaneous injection of peptides elicited higher
      responses than i.m. and i.p. Immunization with Multiple Antigenic Peptide (MAP)
      form or coupled to Al PO4 elicited the highest Ab responses. Peptide doses of 50
      ng/25 gm body weight or less were effective and safe, however dose assessment
      still requires further study. Histopathological changes were observed in animals
      that received doses ~1000 times higher than the potential therapeutic dose.
      CONCLUSION: Exploration of humoral immunogenicity, neutralization capacity and
      safety suggested that the peptides presented herein are candidate vaccine
      components for further preclinical assessment.

PMID- 19995543
TI  - High-throughput dynamic light scattering method for measuring viscosity of
      concentrated protein solutions.
AB  - We propose a new method to measure the viscosity of concentrated protein
      solutions in a high-throughput format. This method measures the apparent
      hydrodynamic radius of polystyrene beads with known sizes using a dynamic light
      scattering (DLS) system with a microplate reader. Glycerol solution viscosities
      obtained by the DLS method were in good agreement with those reported in the
      literature. Viscosity of the solutions of two monoclonal antibody molecules was
      acquired using both DLS and cone-and-plate techniques, and the results were
      comparable. The DLS method described here has the potential to be used in many
      aspects of protein characterization.

PMID- 19995544
TI  - A novel core fractionation process of human plasma by expanded bed adsorption
      chromatography.
AB  - Current plasma fractionation technology combines ethanol precipitation with
      packed bed chromatography. We have developed a novel core fractionation process
      comprising five expanded bed adsorption (EBA) chromatographic steps on high
      density modified agarose/tungsten carbide beads. Plasma was first chromatographed
      on two diethyl amino-ethyl (DEAE)-tungsten carbide agarose adsorbents (respective
      mean particle diameters of d(v)(0.5)=190 and 37 microm) to isolate at 50 to 80%
      recovery a fraction containing 4 to 7 IU/ml factor II (FII), factor IX (FIX), and
      factor X (FX) (specific activity >1 IU/mg) and another enriched in FVIII and von
      Willebrand factor (vWF) (approximately 1 IU/ml and 0.6 IU/mg, respectively). The
      flow-through was adsorbed on 4% agarose-10% tungsten carbide beads coupled with
      an acidic mixed-mode ligand to isolate an 80% pure immunoglobulin G (IgG) at a
      93% step recovery. A highly purified alpha1-antitrypsin was isolated at 95% step
      recovery by adsorbing the flow-through on 4% epoxy-crosslinked agarose-10%
      tungsten carbide adsorbent material coupled with a cationic ligand. Isolation of
      98% pure albumin was achieved at a 99% step recovery by pH 4.5 adsorption of the
      flow-through on 6% agarose-10% tungsten carbide beads coupled with an acidic
      mixed-mode ligand. EBA may represent a feasible alternative core plasma
      fractionation tool.

PMID- 19995545
TI  - A bioluminescent method for measuring thymidylate kinase activity suitable for
      high-throughput screening of inhibitor.
AB  - Blocking human thymidylate kinase (TMPK) function has a chemosensitization effect
      in anticancer treatment. However, a rapid and sensitive TMPK activity assay
      method suitable for inhibitor screening has been lacking. We have designed a
      luciferase-coupled TMPK assay in which luminescence emission is proportional to
      the magnitude of TMPK inhibition. The advantages of using this new method over
      the conventional nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form, NADH)-coupling
      method in screening inhibitor include low cost, low limit in detecting inhibitory
      signal, more accurate, and devoid of interference due to compound absorbance at
      340 nm.

PMID- 19995546
TI  - Role of ERp57 in the signaling and transcriptional activity of STAT3 in a
      melanoma cell line.
AB  - Chromatin immunoprecipitation in M14 melanoma cells showed that the protein ERp57
      (endoplasmic reticulum protein 57) binds to DNA in the proximity of STAT3 in a
      subset of STAT3-regulated genes. In the same cells, IL-6 induced a significant
      increase of the expression of one of these genes, i.e. CRP. Upon depletion of
      ERp57 by RNA interference, the phosphorylation of STAT3 on tyrosine 705 was
      decreased, and the IL-6-induced activation of CRP expression was completely
      suppressed. In vitro experiments showed that ERp57 is also required for the
      binding of STAT3 to its consensus sequence on DNA. Thus ERp57, previously shown
      to associate with STAT3 in the cytosol and in the nuclear STAT3-containing
      enhanceosome, is a necessary cofactor for the regulation of at least a subset of
      STAT3-dependent genes, probably intervening both at the site of STAT3
      phosphorylation and at the nuclear level.

PMID- 19995547
TI  - Geldanamycin inhibits TGF-beta signaling through induction of Hsp70.
AB  - Dysregulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling has been
      implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including cancer;
      therefore, pharmacological inhibitors that target the TGF-beta signaling pathway
      might be promising drugs for disease therapy. In this study, we investigated the
      mechanism of inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin
      (GA). Treatment with GA suppressed TGF-beta signaling, as evidenced by inhibition
      of TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of Smad3 and
      decreased induction of target genes. Western blot analysis revealed that GA
      induced degradation of TGF-beta type I and type II receptors through a proteasome
      dependent pathway. Notably, induction of Hsp70 by GA correlated with inhibition
      of TGF-beta signaling. Suppression of Hsp70 expression by Hsp70 siRNA or KNK437,
      an inhibitor of Hsp70 synthesis, blocked the inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by
      GA. Furthermore, Hsp70 interacted directly with TGF-beta receptors following GA
      treatment. Our results suggest that GA-mediated induction of Hsp70 and its
      subsequent interaction with TGF-beta receptors plays a crucial role in inhibition
      of TGF-beta signaling.

PMID- 19995548
TI  - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the phosphate carrier is a component of the
      mitochondrial unselective channel.
AB  - The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) involves the opening of a
      mitochondrial unselective channel (MUC) resulting in membrane depolarization and
      increased permeability to ions. PT has been observed in many, but not all
      eukaryotic species. In some species, PT has been linked to cell death, although
      other functions, such as matrix ion detoxification or regulation of the rate of
      oxygen consumption have been considered. The identification of the proteins
      constituting MUC would help understand the biochemistry and physiology of this
      channel. It has been suggested that the mitochondrial phosphate carrier is a
      structural component of MUC and we decided to test this in yeast mitochondria.
      Mersalyl inhibits the phosphate carrier and it has been reported that it also
      triggers PT. Mersalyl induced opening of the decavanadate-sensitive Yeast
      Mitochondrial Unselective Channel (YMUC). In isolated yeast mitochondria from a
      phosphate carrier-null strain the sensitivity to both phosphate and mersalyl was
      lost, although the permeability transition was still evoked by ATP in a
      decavanadate-sensitive fashion. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced mitochondrial
      contraction results indicated that in mitochondria lacking the phosphate carrier
      the YMUC is smaller: complete contraction for mitochondria from the wild type and
      the mutant strains was achieved with 1.45 and 1.1 kDa PEGs, respectively. Also,
      as expected for a smaller channel titration with 1.1 kDa PEG evidenced a higher
      sensitivity in mitochondria from the mutant strain. The above data suggest that
      the phosphate carrier is the phosphate sensor in YMUC and contributes to the
      structure of this channel.

PMID- 19995549
TI  - Probing the amyloid-beta(1-40) fibril environment with substituted tryptophan
      residues.
AB  - A signature feature of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of plaques,
      composed of fibrillar amyloid-beta protein (Abeta), in the brain parenchyma.
      Structural models of Abeta fibrils reveal an extensive beta-sheet network with a
      hydrophobic core extending throughout the fibril axis. In this study,
      phenylalanines in the Abeta(1-40) sequence were substituted with tryptophan
      residues at either position 4 (F4W) or 19 (F19W) to probe the fibril environment.
      The F4W substitution did not alter self-assembly kinetics, while the F19W change
      slightly lengthened the lag phase without hindering fibril formation. The
      tryptophan fluorescence of Abeta(1-40) F19W, but not Abeta(1-40) F4W, underwent a
      marked blue shift during fibril formation and this shift was temporally
      correlated with thioflavin T binding. Isolated Abeta(1-40) F19W fibrils exhibited
      the largest fluorescence blue shifts consistent with W19 insertion into the
      Abeta(1-40) fibril inner core and direct probing of the substantially hydrophobic
      environment therein.

PMID- 19995550
TI  - X-ray structures of NS1 effector domain mutants.
AB  - The influenza A virus nonstructural protein NS1 is a multifunctional dimeric
      protein that acts as a potent inhibitor of the host cellular antiviral state. The
      C-terminal effector domain of NS1 binds host proteins, including CPSF30, and is a
      target for the development of new antiviral drugs. Here we present
      crystallographic structures of two mutant effector domains, W187Y and W187A, of
      influenza A/Udorn/72 virus. Unlike wild-type, the mutants behave exclusively as
      monomers in solution based on gel filtration data and light scattering. The W187Y
      mutant is able to bind CPSF30 with a binding affinity close to the wild-type
      protein; that is, it retains a receptor site for aromatic ligands nearly
      identical to the wild-type. Therefore, this monomeric mutant protein could serve
      as a drug target for a high throughput inhibitor screening assays, since its
      binding pocket is unoccupied in solution and potentially more accessible to small
      molecule ligands.

PMID- 19995551
TI  - Hsp104 is essential for the selective degradation in yeast of polyglutamine
      expanded ataxin-1 but not most misfolded proteins generally.
AB  - Molecular chaperones of the Hsp70/40 family protect against the accumulation of
      mutated or misfolded proteins in part by facilitating their degradation. In the
      polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, mutant proteins containing expanded polyQ repeats
      accumulate in intracellular inclusions and cause neurodegeneration. Although the
      ubiquitin-proteasome system and chaperones all help protect against accumulation
      of such toxic proteins, their precise roles are still unclear. Here we observed
      that the polyQ-expanded mutant ataxin-1 [82Q] was rapidly and selectively
      degraded in yeast while the wild-type protein [30Q] was stable. The selective
      degradation of the mutant ataxin-1 required proteasomes, but did not require
      Ydj1p, an Hsp40 homolog, which is involved in the disaggregation and/or breakdown
      of a number of misfolded proteins. However, another chaperone Hsp104 promoted
      degradation of mutant ataxin-1 without influencing the solubility or breakdown of
      short-lived cell proteins generally. Thus Hsp104-dependent degradation of mutant
      ataxin-1 may account for the ability of this chaperone to reduce toxicity caused
      by polyQ-repeat proteins.

PMID- 19995552
TI  - Phafin2 modulates the structure and function of endosomes by a Rab5-dependent
      mechanism.
AB  - By regulating the amount of protein receptors on the cell membrane and the
      metabolisms of receptor-bound ligands, endocytosis represents one of the
      fundamental biological activities that regulate how cells respond to the
      environment. We report here that a Fab1-YotB-Vac1p-EEA1 (FYVE) domain-containing
      lipid associated protein, called Phafin2, is preferentially expressed in the
      human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is involved in the biogenesis of
      endosomes. Over-expression of Phafin2 or its FYVE domain results in the formation
      of enlarged endosomes that are still functional for endocytosis; the biogenesis
      of such abnormal organelles is mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and
      Rab5 signaling. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer measured by
      fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM-FRET), we further demonstrate in
      live cells that Phafin2 can directly activate Rab5. By modulating the receptor
      internalization/recycling and Rab5 activation, Phafin2 affects the density of
      membranous insulin receptors, and regulates the transcriptional activity of AP-1
      that is downstream of the insulin signaling pathway. These results provide a
      vivid example that an endosome modulator, such as Phafin2, may control the cells'
      responses to the extracellular cues.

PMID- 19995553
TI  - DNA methylation-dependent suppression of HIF1A in an immature hematopoietic cell
      line HMC-1.
AB  - The HMC-1 cell line represents the phenotype of immature mast cells. The HIF1A
      gene product HIF-1alpha plays key roles in maintaining oxygen homeostasis in
      eukaryotic organisms and is involved in many processes, including immune response
      and hematopoiesis. In this study we investigated HIF1A expression in HMC-1
      immature hematopoietic cells and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. HMC-1 cells
      exhibited exceptionally low levels of HIF1A expression compared to other cell
      lines as determined by real-time PCR, and multipotent CD34+ hematopoietic
      progenitors in bone marrow exhibited significantly lower levels of HIF1A mRNA
      compared to mature blood cells in peripheral blood. We searched for the
      mechanisms responsible for suppression of HIF1A expression in HMC-1 cells and
      obtained evidence for a DNA methylation-dependent process. In vitro methylation
      of the HIF1A promoter resulted in a decrease in its transcriptional activity and
      the level of DNA methylation in the HIF1A promoter region in analyzed cell lines
      was negatively correlated with HIF1A expression. Furthermore, the DNA
      demethylating agent 5'-azacytidine increased HIF1A expression, and MeCP2 protein
      was preferentially associated with the HIF1A promoter in vivo. In conclusion, we
      report that the HIF1A gene in HMC-1 immature hematopoietic cells is suppressed by
      a process dependent on DNA methylation, and we present evidence indicating
      downregulation of HIF1A expression in multipotent CD34+ hematopoietic
      progenitors.

PMID- 19995554
TI  - SPRED: A machine learning approach for the identification of classical and non
      classical secretory proteins in mammalian genomes.
AB  - Eukaryotic protein secretion generally occurs via the classical secretory pathway
      that traverses the ER and Golgi apparatus. Secreted proteins usually contain a
      signal sequence with all the essential information required to target them for
      secretion. However, some proteins like fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1, FGF-2),
      interleukins (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta), galectins and thioredoxin are exported by
      an alternative pathway. This is known as leaderless or non-classical secretion
      and works without a signal sequence. Most computational methods for the
      identification of secretory proteins use the signal peptide as indicator and are
      therefore not able to identify substrates of non-classical secretion. In this
      work, we report a random forest method, SPRED, to identify secretory proteins
      from protein sequences irrespective of N-terminal signal peptides, thus allowing
      also correct classification of non-classical secretory proteins. Training was
      performed on a dataset containing 600 extracellular proteins and 600 cytoplasmic
      and/or nuclear proteins. The algorithm was tested on 180 extracellular proteins
      and 1380 cytoplasmic and/or nuclear proteins. We obtained 85.92% accuracy from
      training and 82.18% accuracy from testing. Since SPRED does not use N-terminal
      signals, it can detect non-classical secreted proteins by filtering those
      secreted proteins with an N-terminal signal by using SignalP. SPRED predicted 15
      out of 19 experimentally verified non-classical secretory proteins. By scanning
      the entire human proteome we identified 566 protein sequences potentially
      undergoing non-classical secretion. The dataset and standalone version of the
      SPRED software is available at http://www.inb.uni-luebeck.de/tools
      demos/spred/spred.

PMID- 19995555
TI  - The novel function of nesfatin-1: anti-hyperglycemia.
AB  - Nesfatin-1 is recently reported as a satiety molecule to suppress food intake via
      the melanocortin signaling in hypothalamus when injected centrally and
      peripherally. Here we report that nesfatin-1 is also anti-hyperglycemic. It was
      found that the intravenous injection of nesfatin-1 significantly reduced blood
      glucose in hyperglycemic db/db mice. This anti-hyperglycemic effect of nesfatin-1
      was time-, dose-, insulin-dependent and peripheral.

PMID- 19995557
TI  - Increase of RhoB in gamma-radiation-induced apoptosis is regulated by c-Jun N
      terminal kinase in Jurkat T cells.
AB  - The Ras-related small GTP-binding protein RhoB is known to be a pro-apoptotic
      protein and immediate-early inducible by genotoxic stresses. In addition, JNK
      activation is known to function in gamma-radiation-induced apoptosis. However, it
      is unclear how JNK activation and gamma-radiation-dependent RhoB induction are
      related. Here we verified the relationship between JNK activation and RhoB
      induction. RhoB induction by gamma-radiation occurred at the transcriptional
      level and transcriptional activation of RhoB was concomitant with an increase in
      RhoB protein. gamma-Radiation-induced RhoB expression was markedly attenuated by
      pretreatment with a JNK-specific inhibitor, SP600125, but not by a p38 MAPK
      inhibitor, SB203580. Inhibition of JNK caused a decrease in early apoptotic cell
      death that correlated with RhoB expression. However, PI3K inhibition had no
      significant effects, indicating that the AKT survival pathway was not involved.
      The siRNA knockdown of JNK resulted in a decrease in RhoB expression and the
      siRNA knockdown of RhoB restored cell growth even in the gamma-irradiated cells.
      These results suggest that RhoB regulation involves the JNK pathway and
      contributes to the early apoptotic response of Jurkat T cells to gamma-radiation.

PMID- 19995556
TI  - Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates PAX3-FKHR-mediated cell proliferation in
      human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
AB  - Patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) have poorer response to
      conventional chemotherapy and lower survival rates than those with embryonal RMS
      (ERMS). To identify compounds that preferentially block the growth of ARMS, we
      conducted a small-scale screen of 160 kinase inhibitors against the ARMS cell
      line Rh30 and ERMS cell line RD and identified inhibitors of glycogen synthase
      kinase 3 (GSK3), including TWS119 as ARMS-selective inhibitors. GSK3 inhibitors
      inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis more effectively in Rh30 than
      RD cells. Ectopic expression of fusion protein PAX3-FKHR in RD cells
      significantly increased their sensitivity to TWS119. Down-regulation of GSK3 by
      GSK3 inhibitors or siRNA significantly reduced the transcriptional activity of
      PAX3-FKHR. These results suggest that GSK3 is directly involved in regulating the
      transcriptional activity of PAX3-FKHR. Also, GSK3 phosphorylated PAX3-FKHR in
      vitro, suggesting that GSK3 might regulate PAX3-FKHR activity via
      phosphorylation. These findings support a novel mechanism of PAX3-FKHR regulation
      by GSK3 and provide a novel strategy to develop GSK inhibitors as anti-ARMS
      therapies.

PMID- 19995558
TI  - LMO3 interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional activity.
AB  - High expression of LMO3 contributes to the development and aggressiveness of
      neuroblastoma. LMO3 belongs to the LIM-only protein family, in which de
      regulation of its members is implicated in human carcinogenesis. However, the
      molecular mechanism of LMO3 activity in oncogenesis remained poorly
      characterized. We found that LMO3 is a direct interacting partner of p53 both in
      vitro and in vivo. The DNA-binding domain of p53 is required for this
      interaction. Furthermore, expression of LMO3 repressed p53-dependent mRNA
      expression of its target genes by suppressing promoter activation. Interestingly,
      chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that LMO3 facilitated p53 binding to
      its response elements. This suggests that LMO3 acts as a co-repressor of p53,
      suppressing p53-dependent transcriptional regulation without inhibition of its
      DNA-binding activity.

PMID- 19995559
TI  - Correlation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress and NFkappaB
      signaling with histological grade and menopausal status in patients with
      adenocarcinoma of the breast.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma of the breast is the most common cancer worldwide and
      accounts for the highest morbidity and mortality. The increasing global incidence
      of breast cancer emphasizes the need to understand the molecular mechanisms of
      breast tumorigenesis. The present study was designed to correlate changes in
      xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME), oxidative stress and NFkappaB signaling
      with histological grading and menopausal status in breast cancer patients.
      METHOD: Sixty breast cancer patients histologically categorized as grades I, II
      and III, and as pre- and postmenopausal were chosen for the study. We analyzed
      phase I and phase II XME activities as well as the expression of the CYP isoforms
      CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, oxidative stress markers, and the expression of NFkappaB
      family members in tumor and adjacent tissues by immunohistochemical localization
      and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: The breast tumors analyzed in the present
      study were characterized by increased activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing
      enzymes and enhanced oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA associated
      with variations in the expression of NFkappaB family members. The magnitude of
      the changes was however more pronounced in premenopausal patients and in grade
      III breast tumors. CONCLUSION: The present study delineates the correlation
      between XME-mediated oxidative stress and NFkappaB signaling that leads to the
      development of breast cancer.

PMID- 19995560
TI  - Acanthamoeba spp. in domestic tap water in houses of contact lens wearers in the
      metropolitan area of Mexico City.
AB  - A survey was carried out in the metropolitan area of Mexico City to determine the
      presence of Acanthamoeba in the tap water of houses of contact lens wearers.
      Water samples were taken from the mains water entry, bathroom sinks and storage
      containers (roof tanks, cisterns) of 27 houses; and from the solution contained
      in the contact lens cases. Samples were filtered and cultured onto NNE medium.
      The isolates were identified based on their morphological features and
      pathogenicity. Total and fecal coliforms, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen
      and residual free-chlorine were measured by standard methods. Forty five isolates
      of Acanthamoeba from 200 water samples were obtained. The highest number of
      amoebae was isolated from cisterns and roof tanks. Most Acanthamoeba isolates
      were non-pathogenic, however, their presence in tap water is a potential hazard
      since some species can cause Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic
      encephalitis.

PMID- 19995561
TI  - Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQR1 selectively protects MDR (Pgp 170)
      negative cells against oxidative stress.
AB  - A conjugate of plastoquinone with decylrhodamine 19 (SkQR1) selectively
      accumulates in mitochondria of normal and tumor cells. SkQR1 protected the
      cellular pool of reduced glutathione under oxidative stress. Overexpression of P
      glycoprotein (Pgp 170) multidrug resistance pump strongly suppresses accumulation
      of SkQR1. The inhibitors of Pgp 170 stimulate accumulation of SkQR1 in various
      cell lines indicating that SkQR1 is a substrate of Pgp 170. The protective effect
      of SkQR1 against oxidative stress is diminished in the cells overexpressing Pgp
      170. It is suggested that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants could selectively
      protect normal (Pgp 170-negative) cells against the toxic effect of anti-cancer
      treatments related to oxidative stress.

PMID- 19995562
TI  - Lactobacillus strains induce TRAIL production and facilitate natural killer
      activity against cancer cells.
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an endogenous
      cytokine that induces apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. Here, we show for the
      first time that lactobacilli induce TRAIL production in human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMC). Treatment with lactobacilli induced TRAIL on the cell
      surface of PBMC and in culture medium. The TRAIL production induced by
      lactobacilli partially depends on IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma. Lactobacilli treatment
      facilitated NK activity of PBMC against prostate cancer cells. Moreover, TRAIL
      neutralization antibody efficiently prevented the NK activity. Our results
      indicate that lactobacilli facilitate NK activity through TRAIL production, and
      raise the possibility of a new TRAIL-based strategy against malignant tumors.

PMID- 19995563
TI  - Natively unfolded nucleic acid binding P8 domain of SeMV polyprotein 2a affects
      the novel ATPase activity of the preceding P10 domain.
AB  - Open reading frame (ORF) 2a of Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV) codes for polyprotein
      2a (Membrane anchor-protease-VPg-P10-P8). The C-terminal domain of SeMV
      polyprotein 2a was cloned, expressed and purified in order to functionally
      characterize it. The protein of size 8kDa (P8) domain, like viral protein genome
      linked (VPg), was found to be natively unfolded and could bind to nucleic acids.
      Interestingly, P10-P8 but not P8 showed a novel Mg(2+) dependent ATPase activity
      that was inhibited in the presence of poly A. In the absence of P8, the ATPase
      activity of the protein of size 10kDa (P10) domain was reduced suggesting that
      the natively unfolded P8 domain influenced the P10 ATPase.

PMID- 19995564
TI  - Fixation probabilities of random mutants under frequency dependent selection.
AB  - Evolutionary game dynamics describes frequency dependent selection in asexual,
      haploid populations. It typically considers predefined strategies and fixed
      payoff matrices. Mutations occur between these known types only. Here, we
      consider a situation in which a mutation has produced an entirely new type which
      is characterized by a random payoff matrix that does not change during the
      fixation or extinction of the mutant. Based on the probability distribution
      underlying the payoff values, we address the fixation probability of the new
      mutant. It turns out that for weak selection, only the first moments of the
      distribution matter. For strong selection, the probability that a new payoff
      entry is larger than the wild type's payoff against itself is the crucial
      quantity.

PMID- 19995565
TI  - Fluvoxamine and sigma-1 receptor agonists dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-sulfate
      induces the Ser473-phosphorylation of Akt-1 in PC12 cells.
AB  - AIMS: The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a
      downstream target of a variety of antidepressant treatments, and selective
      serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used clinically for the treatment of
      depression. BDNF binds to and activates tyrosine kinases receptor (TrkB) to exert
      its effects. TrkB, after activation by ligands, stimulates phosphoinositide 3
      kinase (PI3K). The downstream target of PI3K is Akt-1, a serine-threonine kinase.
      BDNF has signaling through the PLC-IP(3)/Ca(2+) pathway. Furthermore, the PLC
      gamma/IP(3)/Ca(2+) pathway is regulated by the sigma-1 receptors. Here, we
      examined whether fluvoxamine (FLV) activated Akt-1 and increased phosphorylation
      of Akt-1 via sigma-1 receptor in PC12 cells. MAIN METHODS: We examined the effect
      of the SSRI, FLV and BDNF on the phosphorylation levels of serine-threonine
      kinase Akt-1 in PC12 cells using immunoblotting techniques. KEY FINDINGS:
      Treatment with 10 microM and 100 microM FLV of PC12 cells stimulated a 2.4- and
      3.8-fold maximal increase in Ser(473)-phosphorylated Akt-1 levels at 40 min,
      respectively. Treatment with 50 ng/ml BDNF also stimulated Ser(473) 
      phosphorylated Akt-1 by 2.6-fold with a maximal increase at 5 min. In addition,
      the phosphorylation induced by FLV and BDNF was blocked by LY294002, a selective
      inhibitor of PI3K. The sigma-1 receptor agonists dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
      sulfate also stimulated a 2.1-fold increase in the level of Ser473-phosphorylated
      Akt-1. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that fluvoxamine treatment rapidly
      increased phosphorylation of Akt-1. And BDNF activated Akt-1 phosphorylation by
      the TrkB/PI3K/Akt-1 pathway. We conclude that the phosphorylation of Akt-1,
      downstream of PI3K, was the key to their antidepressant effects.

PMID- 19995566
TI  - Differential effect of glutamate receptor blockade on dendritic outgrowth in
      chicken lumbar motoneurons.
AB  - Glutamate receptor-mediated changes in intracellular Ca(2+) may have important
      implications for activity-dependent regulation of early embryonic development.
      NMDA receptors were originally considered to be the sole source of glutamate
      mediated Ca(2+) influx. However, AMPA receptors lacking the GluR2 subunit also
      allow a significant influx of Ca(2+) ions. Although Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA
      receptors are a familiar feature in developing neurons, the developmental
      function of these receptors during the formation of the nervous system remains to
      be established. Previously, we have demonstrated that chicken lumbar motoneurons
      express Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors at embryonic day (E) 6. The Ca(2+)
      permeability of AMPA receptors decreases three-fold by E11. In this study we
      explored the role of transiently expressed Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors in
      regulating the dendritic morphology of developing motoneurons in ovo. The AMPA
      receptor blocker CNQX (1 mg/day), when applied between E5 and E8, causes a
      significant increase in dendritic outgrowth and branching as compared with
      vehicle-treated embryos. Inhibition of NMDA receptor activity with MK-801 (100
      microg/day) during this period has no effect on dendritic morphology. Treatment
      of chicken embryos with CNQX between E8 and E11 (when most receptors become
      Ca(2+)-impermeable) has no significant effect on dendritic morphology. However,
      MK-801 application between E8 and E11 causes a significant reduction in dendritic
      length and branching. These findings indicate that AMPA receptor activation
      between E5 and E8 limits dendritic outgrowth in developing motoneurons, whereas
      NMDA receptor activation is involved in dendritic remodeling after the
      establishment of synaptic contacts with sensory afferents.

PMID- 19995567
TI  - The effect of antiparkinsonian drugs on oxidative stress induced pathological
      [3H]dopamine efflux after in vitro rotenone exposure in rat striatal slices.
AB  - An in vitro model of mitochondrial dysfunction with subsequent oxidative stress
      was elaborated and utilized to study the effect of drugs, currently used for the
      treatment of Parkinson's disease, on pathological H(2)O(2)-evoked [(3)H]dopamine
      efflux and the formation of toxic dopamine metabolites in rat striatal slices. 60
      min rotenone (0.1-10 muM) pretreatment decreased dopamine content and
      [(3)H]dopamine uptake, as well as ATP level and energy charge of the slices. In
      addition, a robust potentiation of H(2)O(2)-evoked [(3)H]dopamine efflux and the
      formation of dopamine quinone in the effluent was detected. l-DOPA (200 muM)
      markedly elevated resting but not 100 muM H(2)O(2)-evoked and electrically
      induced [(3)H]dopamine efflux. Furthermore, l-DOPA promoted the formation of
      dopamine quinone. Ropinirole (100 nM) did not affect resting and H(2)O(2)-evoked
      [(3)H]dopamine efflux and inhibited the electrically evoked release only in
      untreated slices. l-deprenyl, at concentration of 0.01 muM potentiated, whilst
      between 1 and 50 muM diminished H(2)O(2)-evoked [(3)H]dopamine efflux. Rasagiline
      (0.01-50 muM) slightly inhibited H(2)O(2)-evoked [(3)H]dopamine efflux, and it
      was able to prevent the generation of dopamine quinone. Neither of the drugs was
      able to suppress both the pathological H(2)O(2)-evoked [(3)H]dopamine efflux and
      the formation of dopamine quinone with simultaneous augmentation of electrically
      evoked [(3)H]dopamine release what should be a future concept of antiparkinsonian
      drug-design.

PMID- 19995568
TI  - Effects of a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5 ADX47273 on conditioned
      avoidance response and PCP-induced hyperlocomotion in the rat as models for
      schizophrenia.
AB  - Metabotropic glutamate receptors of the subtype 5 (mGluR(5)) are located in brain
      regions implicated in schizophrenia such as the cerebral cortex or the nucleus
      accumbens. They may therefore provide an interesting target for the treatment of
      psychoses. Currently available agonists of mGluR(5) are not selective, do not
      penetrate the brain and induce a tonic activation resulting in a rapid
      desensitization. Therefore, the research focus was shifted to positive allosteric
      modulators (PAMs). Subsequently several mGluR(5) PAMs have been discovered, e.g.
      ADX47273 (S-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-{3-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]
      piperidin-1-yl}-methanone). In the present study, effects of ADX47273 (1
      100mg/kg) were evaluated in rat models used for detecting antipsychotic-like
      activity: the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) and the phencyclidine (PCP)
      induced hyperlocomotion models. Furthermore, the cataleptogenic potential of
      ADX47273 was compared to that of haloperidol. ADX47273 (100mg/kg) and various
      clinically used neuroleptics (haloperidol, olanzapine, and aripiprazole)
      attenuated CAR behaviour in rats. However, ADX47273 and aripiprazole failed to
      reduce the PCP-induced hyperlocomotion, whereas olanzapine and haloperidol
      diminished it. In contrast to haloperidol, ADX47273 (100mg/kg) failed to induce
      consistent catalepsy in rats. In conclusion, ADX47273 shows promising
      antipsychotic activity in some tests which require future investigation.

PMID- 19995569
TI  - Tumor cell redox state and mitochondria at the center of the non-canonical
      activity of telomerase reverse transcriptase.
AB  - Telomerase (hTERT) activation in cancer cells is an invariable finding resulting
      in the maintenance of telomere lengths and enhanced replicative capacity.
      Therefore a variety of therapeutic approaches are being investigated to target
      hTERT, such as hTERT-promoter driven expression of apoptosis inducing genes,
      inhibiting telomeric RNA (hTR), and anti-sense or siRNA mediated gene silencing.
      Whereas, the conventional oncogenic role of hTERT has been linked to its ability
      to induce replicative senescence and immortalization, evidence is accumulating to
      support non-canonical activity of hTERT in cancer cells. To that end, hTERT has
      been implicated in redox-mediated events and its expression has been shown to
      impact cellular redox status via the recruitment of the mitochondria, a critical
      intracellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further evidence in
      support of the role of mitochondria in hTERT biology comes from findings
      demonstrating localization of hTERT to the mitochondria, and the ability of hTERT
      inhibitors to induce mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in target cells. Here we
      review the emerging evidence to support the involvement of the mitochondria and
      intracellular ROS as critical mediators of the non-canonical functions/activity
      of hTERT with potential implications for its therapeutic targeting in cancer
      cells.

PMID- 19995570
TI  - Mitochondria as targets in angiogenesis inhibition.
AB  - Angiogenesis is integral to the growth and metastatic spread of tumours, and its
      targeting is an effective anti-tumour strategy. Currently hundreds of anti
      angiogenic therapeutics exist in varying stages of development, a number of which
      have recently gained US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the
      treatment of various human cancers. One class of anti-angiogenic agents directly
      inhibit endothelial cell function and induce endothelial cell death so as to
      prevent their integration into new blood vessels. The mitochondria are the focal
      point for a variety of pro-apoptotic signals, and this review highlights those
      anti-angiogenic agents that involve the mitochondria in the execution of
      endothelial cell death. A brief overview of angiogenesis and the mitochondrial
      apoptotic pathway is also given.

PMID- 19995571
TI  - TRAILing death in cancer.
AB  - The observation that certain types of cancer express death receptors on their
      cell surface has triggered heightened interest in exploring the potential of
      receptor ligation as a novel anti-cancer modality, and since the expression is
      somewhat restricted to cancer cells the therapeutic implications are very
      promising. One such death receptor ligand belonging to the tumor necrosis
      receptor (TNF) superfamily, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), has
      been in the limelight as a tumor selective molecule that transmits death signal
      via ligation to its receptors (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 or death receptors 4 and 5;
      DR4 and DR5). Interestingly, TRAIL-induced apoptosis exhibits hallmarks of
      extrinsic as well as intrinsic death pathways, and, therefore, is subject to
      regulation both at the cell surface receptor level as well as more downstream at
      the post-mitochondrial level. Despite the remarkable selectivity of DR expression
      on cancer cell surface, development of resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis
      remains a major challenge. Therefore, unraveling the cellular and molecular
      mechanisms of TRAIL resistance as well as identifying strategies to overcome this
      problem for an effective therapeutic response remains the cornerstone of many
      research endeavors. This review aims at presenting an overview of the biology,
      function and translational relevance of TRAIL with a specific view to discussing
      the various regulatory mechanisms and the current trends in reverting TRAIL
      resistance of cancer cells with the obvious implication of an improved clinical
      outcome.

PMID- 19995572
TI  - The Warburg effect and mitochondrial stability in cancer cells.
AB  - The last decade has witnessed a renaissance of Otto Warburg's fundamental
      hypothesis, which he put forward more than 80 years ago, that mitochondrial
      malfunction and subsequent stimulation of cellular glucose utilization lead to
      the development of cancer. Since most tumor cells demonstrate a remarkable
      resistance to drugs that kill non-malignant cells, the question has arisen
      whether such resistance might be a consequence of the abnormalities in tumor
      mitochondria predicted by Warburg. The present review discusses potential
      mechanisms underlying the upregulation of glycolysis and silencing of
      mitochondrial activity in cancer cells, and how pharmaceutical intervention in
      cellular energy metabolism might make tumor cells more susceptible to anti-cancer
      treatment.

PMID- 19995574
TI  - Structure and function of invertebrate Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors.
AB  - Proteinases and proteinase inhibitors are involved in several biological and
      physiological processes in all multicellular organisms. The proteinase inhibitors
      function as modulators for controlling the extent of deleterious proteinase
      activity. The Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors (KPIs) in family I1 are among the
      well-known families of proteinase inhibitors, widely found in mammals, avian and
      a variety of invertebrates. Like those classical KPIs, the invertebrate KPIs can
      be single or multiple domain proteins containing one or more Kazal inhibitory
      domains linked together by peptide spacers of variable length. All invertebrate
      Kazal domains of about 40-60 amino acids in length share a common structure which
      is dictated by six conserved cysteine residues forming three intra-domain
      disulfide cross-links despite the variability of amino acid sequences between the
      half-cystines. Invertebrate KPIs are strong inhibitors as shown by their
      extremely high association constant of 10(7)-10(13)M(-1). The inhibitory
      specificity of a Kazal domain varies widely with a different reactive P(1) amino
      acid. Different invertebrate KPI domains may arise from gene duplication but
      several KPI proteins can also be derived from alternative splicing. The
      invertebrate KPIs function as anticoagulants in blood-sucking animals such as
      leech, mosquitoes and ticks. Several KPIs are likely involved in protecting host
      from microbial proteinases while some from the parasitic protozoa help protecting
      the parasites from the host digestive proteinase enzymes. Silk moths produce KPIs
      to protect their cocoon from predators and microbial destruction.

PMID- 19995575
TI  - Identification and characterization of multiple beta-glucan binding proteins in
      the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.
AB  - The present study reports on the characterization of two cDNAs coding beta-glucan
      binding proteins (betaGBPs), designated as Cg-betaGBP-1 and Cg-betaGBP-2, from
      the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Cg-betaGBP-1 consists of 555 amino acid
      residues and possesses two possible integrin recognition sites. The other
      protein, Cg-betaGBP-2, is composed of 447 amino acid residues without integrin
      recognition sites. Domain structures of both Cg-betaGBPs are similar to other
      invertebrate betaGBPs, but phylogenetic positions and major expression tissues
      for these proteins are different. Cg-betaGBP-1 is expressed in circulatory
      hemocytes and Cg-betaGBP-2 in digestive glands. Functional assays using
      recombinant proteins revealed that Cg-betaGBP-2 enhanced the phenoloxidase (PO)
      activity of hemocyte suspensions under the presence of laminarin, but Cg-betaGBP
      1 did not show this enhancement. It is suggested that Cg-betaGBPs in the Pacific
      oyster have evolved to obtain different immunological functions. Cg-betaGBP-1
      possibly evolved for hemocyte-related functions through integrin, and Cg-betaGBP
      2 for the PO activation system.

PMID- 19995573
TI  - Small mitochondria-targeting molecules as anti-cancer agents.
AB  - Alterations in mitochondrial structure and functions have long been observed in
      cancer cells. Targeting mitochondria as a cancer therapeutic strategy has gained
      momentum in the recent years. The signaling pathways that govern mitochondrial
      function, apoptosis and molecules that affect mitochondrial integrity and cell
      viability have been important topics of the recent review in the literature. In
      this article, we first briefly summarize the rationale and biological basis for
      developing mitochondrial-targeted compounds as potential anti-cancer agents, and
      then provide key examples of small molecules that either directly impact
      mitochondria or functionally affect the metabolic alterations in cancer cells
      with mitochondrial dysfunction. The main focus is on the small molecular weight
      compounds with potential applications in cancer treatment. We also summarize
      information on the drug developmental stages of the key mitochondria-targeted
      compounds and their clinical trial status. The advantages and potential
      shortcomings of targeting the mitochondria for cancer treatment are also
      discussed.

PMID- 19995577
TI  - Induction of interleukin-4 production in neonatal IgE+ cells after crosslinking
      of maternal IgE.
AB  - Transfer of maternal IgE antibodies to the neonate with the colostrum has been
      described in different mammalian species. Previous work in horses has shown that
      IgE bound to the surface of neonatal basophils is solely of maternal origin.
      However, the functional role of the maternal IgE transfer remained unclear. We
      hypothesized that maternal IgE mediates the onset of innate IL-4 production in
      equine neonatal basophils. Intracellular IL-4 production was measured in PBMC of
      newborn and older foals by flow cytometric analysis. A small population of IL
      4(+) cells was observed in the peripheral blood at days 3-5 after birth.
      Phenotyping of the IL-4(+) cells showed that they were IgE(+)/MHCII(low)/CD4(-)
      cells. Magnetic cells sorting of the IgE(+)/MHCII(low) cells identified them as
      basophils. Anti-IgE stimulation in vitro induced IL-4 in IgE(+)/MHCII(low)
      basophils, but not in MHCII(+) cells or cells collected before colostrum
      ingestion. In conclusion, stimulation via maternal IgE antibodies mediated innate
      IL-4 production in neonatal basophils which might provide a paragenetic mechanism
      to promote the development of adaptive T-cell responses in the neonate after
      birth.

PMID- 19995576
TI  - Identification of protein components of egg masses indicates parental investment
      in immunoprotection of offspring by Biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda, mollusca).
AB  - The macromolecules contributed by the freshwater gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata,
      intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, to developing offspring inside egg
      masses are poorly known. SDS-PAGE fractionated egg mass fluids (EMF) of M line
      and BB02 B. glabrata were analyzed by MALDI-TOF (MS and tandem MS). A MASCOT
      database was assembled with EST data from B. glabrata and other molluscs to aid
      in sequence characterization. Of approximately 20 major EMF polypeptides, 16 were
      identified as defense-related, including protease inhibitors, a hemocyanin-like
      factor and tyrosinase (each with possible phenoloxidase activity), extracellular
      Cu-Zn SOD, two categories of C-type lectins, Gram-negative bacteria-binding
      protein (GNBP), aplysianin/achacin-like protein, as well as versions of
      lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bacterial permeability-increasing proteins
      (LBP/BPI) that differed from those previously described from hemocytes. Along
      with two sequences that were encoded by "unknown" ESTs, EMF also yielded a
      compound containing a vWF domain that is likely involved in defense and a
      polypeptide with homology to the Aplysia pheromone temptin. Further study of B.
      glabrata pheromones is warranted as these could be useful in efforts to control
      these schistosome-transmitting snails. Several of the EMF polypeptides were
      contained in the albumen gland, the organ that produces most EMF. Thus, parental
      investment of B. glabrata in immunoprotection of its offspring is indicated to be
      considerable.

PMID- 19995578
TI  - TACE antagonists blocking ACE2 shedding caused by the spike protein of SARS-CoV
      are candidate antiviral compounds.
AB  - Because outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
      might reemerge, identifying antiviral compounds is of key importance. Previously,
      we showed that the cellular factor TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), activated
      by the spike protein of SARS-CoV (SARS-S protein), was positively involved in
      viral entry, implying that TACE is a possible target for developing antiviral
      compounds. To demonstrate this possibility, we here tested the effects of TACE
      inhibitors on viral entry. In vitro and in vivo data revealed that the TACE
      inhibitor TAPI-2 attenuated entry of both pseudotyped virus expressing the SARS-S
      protein in a lentiviral vector backbone and infectious SARS-CoV. TAPI-2 blocked
      both the SARS-S protein-induced shedding of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
      (ACE2), a receptor of SARS-CoV, and TNF-alpha production in lung tissues. Since
      the downregulation of ACE2 by SARS-S protein was proposed as an etiological event
      in the severe clinical manifestations, our data suggest that TACE antagonists
      block SARS-CoV infection and also attenuate its severe clinical outcome.

PMID- 19995579
TI  - Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Guignardia citricarpa.
AB  - Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of Citrus Black Spot, was successfully
      transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with cassettes for gfp and bar
      expression. Transformation is essential to understand the role of genes during
      interaction between plants and its pathogens. Using a binary plasmid vector based
      in the pPZP201BK, both germinated conidia and physically fragmented hyphae of G.
      citricarpa were transformed. Eight independent transformants of G. citricarpa
      resistant to ammonium glifosinate displayed GFP fluorescence. The majority
      (93.75%) of the G. citricarpa transformants was mitotically stable and contained
      a single T-DNA copy ectopically integrated to the chromosome. This is the first
      report of G. citricarpa transformation and will allow future work on virulence
      determinants of the fungus and possibly its control.

PMID- 19995580
TI  - Improved detection of microbial DNA after bead-beating before DNA isolation.
AB  - Detection of microbial DNA in clinical samples by real-time PCR requires a
      universal extraction method with equally efficient lysis of cell walls of all
      possible microorganisms. We demonstrated that physical disruption by bead-beating
      with 0.1mm beads in combination with MagNA Pure DNA III extraction enhances
      microbial lysis of diverse Gram-positive microorganisms and may be used to
      optimize DNA extraction protocols in routine clinical diagnostics.

PMID- 19995581
TI  - The effect of short-term training on cardinal and oblique orientation
      discrimination: an ERP study.
AB  - The adult brain shows remarkable plasticity, as demonstrated by the improvement
      in most visual discrimination tasks after intensive practice. However, previous
      studies have demonstrated that practice improved the discrimination only around
      oblique orientations, while performance around cardinal orientations (vertical or
      horizontal orientations) remained stable despite extensive training. The two
      experiments described here used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate
      the neural substrates underlying different training effects in the two kinds of
      orientation. Event-related potentials were recorded from subjects when they were
      trained with a grating orientation discrimination task. Psychophysical threshold
      measurements were performed before and after the training. For oblique gratings,
      psychophysical thresholds decreased significantly across training sessions. ERPs
      showed larger P2 and P3 amplitudes and smaller N1 amplitudes over the
      parietal/occipital areas with more practice. In line with the psychophysical
      thresholds, the training effect on the P2 and P3 was specific to stimulus
      orientation. However, the N1 effect was generalized over differently oriented
      gratings stimuli. For cardinally oriented gratings, no significant changes were
      found in the psychophysical thresholds during the training. ERPs still showed
      similar generalized N1 effect as the oblique gratings. However, the amplitudes of
      P2 and P3 were unchanged during the whole training. Compared with cardinal
      orientations, more visual processing stages and later ERP components were
      involved in the training of oblique orientation discrimination. These results
      contribute to understanding the neural basis of the asymmetry between cardinal
      and oblique orientation training effects.

PMID- 19995582
TI  - Automatic semantic priming abnormalities in schizophrenia.
AB  - Abnormal activation of semantic networks characterizes schizophrenia and can be
      studied using the N400 event-related potential (ERP). N400 is elicited by words
      that are not primed by the preceding context and provides a direct measure of the
      neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming. Semantic priming refers to
      facilitated semantic processing gained through pre-exposure to semantic context,
      which can happen automatically if the interval between the prime and target is
      very short. We predicted that (1) schizophrenia patients have overly inclusive
      semantic networks, reflected in a less negative than expected N400 to relatively
      unprimed words, and (2) schizophrenia patients are deficient in their use of
      semantic context, responding to primed words as if they were unprimed, reflected
      in a more negative than expected N400 to primed words. N400s were acquired from
      patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (n=26) and age-matched healthy comparison
      subjects (n=29) performing a picture-word verification (match vs. non-match)
      task. Word targets were presented 325ms after a picture prime, which either
      matched (CAMEL-->"camel"), or did not match (In Category: CAMEL-->"cow"; Out
      Category: CAMEL-->"candle") the prime. N400 data suggest that both patients and
      controls are sensitive to the difference between primed and unprimed words, but
      patients are less sensitive than controls. Similarly, N400 data suggest that both
      groups were sensitive to the subtler difference between classes of unprimed words
      (In Category versus Out Category picture-word non-matches), but patients are less
      sensitive, especially those with prominent negative symptoms.

PMID- 19995584
TI  - Heat-stable oral alga-based vaccine protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus
      infection.
AB  - While 15 million deaths per year are caused by communicable pathogens worldwide,
      health care authorities emphasize the considerable impact of poverty on the
      incidence of infectious diseases. The emergence of antigen-expressing plant
      tissues (e.g. rice, tomato, potato) has indicated the potential of land plants
      for low-cost vaccines in oral immunization programs. In this study, we engineered
      the chloroplasts of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the
      stable expression of the D2 fibronectin-binding domain of Staphylococcus aureus
      fused with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), under the control of rbcL UTRs.
      Analysis of sera and faeces of mice, fed for 5 weeks with transgenic algae grown
      in confined Wave Bioreactor, revealed the induction of specific mucosal and
      systemic immune responses. Algae-based vaccination significantly reduced the
      pathogen load in the spleen and the intestine of treated mice and protected 80%
      of them against lethal doses of S. aureus. Importantly, the alga vaccine was
      stable for more than 1.5 years at room temperature. These results indicate that
      C. reinhardtii may play an important role in molecular pharming, as it combines
      the beneficial features of land plant vaccines, while offering unmatched ease of
      growth compared to other members of the plant kingdom.

PMID- 19995585
TI  - Limited evidence of trans-hemispheric movement of avian influenza viruses among
      contemporary North American shorebird isolates.
AB  - Migratory routes of gulls, terns, and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are known to
      cross hemispheric boundaries and intersect with outbreak areas of highly
      pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Prior assessments of low pathogenic avian
      influenza (LPAI) among species of this taxonomic order found some evidence for
      trans-hemispheric movement of virus genes. To specifically clarify the role of
      shorebird species in the trans-hemispheric movement of influenza viruses, assess
      the temporal variation of Eurasian lineages observed previously among North
      American shorebirds, and evaluate the necessity for continued sampling of these
      birds for HPAI in North America, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of >700
      contemporary sequences isolated between 2000 and 2008. Evidence for trans
      hemispheric reassortment among North American shorebird LPAI gene segments was
      lower (0.88%) than previous assessments and occurred only among eastern North
      American isolates. Furthermore, half of the reassortment events occurred in just
      two isolates. Unique phylogenetic placement of these samples suggests secondary
      infection and or involvement of other migratory species, such as gulls. Eurasian
      lineages observed in North American shorebirds before 2000 were not detected
      among contemporary samples, suggesting temporal variation of LPAI lineages.
      Results suggest that additional bird migration ecology and virus phylogenetics
      research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms by which shorebirds in
      eastern North America become infected with LPAI that contain Eurasian lineage
      genes. Because of the low prevalence of avian influenza in non-eastern North
      America sites, thousands more shorebirds will need to be sampled to sufficiently
      examine genetic diversity and trans-hemispheric exchange of LPAI viruses in these
      areas. Alternatively, other avian taxa with higher virus prevalence could serve
      as surrogates to shorebirds for optimizing regional surveillance programs for
      HPAI through the LPAI phylogenetic approach.

PMID- 19995583
TI  - Current source density (CSD) old/new effects during recognition memory for words
      and faces in schizophrenia and in healthy adults.
AB  - We previously reported a preserved 'old-new effect' (enhanced parietal positivity
      300-800 ms following correctly-recognized repeated words) in schizophrenia over
      mid-parietal sites using 31-channel nose-referenced event-related potentials
      (ERP) and reference-free current source densities (CSD). However, patients showed
      poorer word recognition memory and reduced left lateral-parietal P3 sources. The
      present study investigated whether these abnormalities are specific to words.
      High-density ERPs (67 channels) were recorded from 57 schizophrenic (24 females)
      and 44 healthy (26 females) right-handed adults during parallel visual continuous
      recognition memory tasks using common words or unknown faces. To identify and
      measure neuronal generator patterns underlying ERPs, unrestricted Varimax-PCA was
      performed using CSD estimates (spherical spline surface Laplacian). Two late
      source factors peaking at 442 ms (lateral parietal maximum) and 723 ms
      (centroparietal maximum) accounted for most of the variance between 250 and 850
      ms. Poorer (76.6+/-20.0% vs. 85.7+/-12.4% correct) and slower (824+/-170 vs.
      755+/-147 ms) performance in patients was accompanied by reduced stimulus-locked
      parietal sources. However, both controls and patients showed mid-frontal (442 ms)
      and left parietal (723 ms) old/new effects in both tasks. Whereas mid-frontal
      old/new effects were comparable across groups and tasks, later left parietal
      old/new effects were markedly reduced in patients over lateral temporoparietal
      but not mid-parietal sites, particularly for words, implicating impaired
      phonological processing. In agreement with prior results, ERP correlates of
      recognition memory deficits in schizophrenia suggest functional impairments of
      lateral posterior cortex (stimulus representation) associated with conscious
      recollection. This deficit was more pronounced for common words despite a greater
      difficulty to recall unknown faces, indicating that it is not due to a
      generalized cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.

PMID- 19995586
TI  - Controlled in situ preparation of A beta(1-42) oligomers from the isopeptide "iso
      A beta(1-42)", physicochemical and biological characterization.
AB  - Beta-amyloid (A beta) peptides play a crucial role in the pathology of the
      neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological experiments (both in
      vitro and animal model studies of AD) require synthetic A beta peptides of
      standard quality, aggregation grade, neurotoxicity and water solubility. The
      synthesis of A beta peptides has been difficult, owing to their hydrophobic
      character, poor solubility and high tendency for aggregation. Recently an
      isopeptide precursor (iso-A beta(1-42)) was synthesized by Fmoc-chemistry and
      transformed at neutral pH to A beta(1-42) by O-->N acyl migration in a short
      period of time. We prepared the same precursor peptide using Boc-chemistry and
      studied the transformation to A beta(1-42) by acyl migration. The peptide
      conformation and aggregation processes were studied by several methods (circular
      dichroism, atomic force and transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light
      scattering). The biological activity of the synthetic A beta(1-42) was measured
      by ex vivo (long-term potentiation studies in rat hippocampal slices) and in vivo
      experiments (spatial learning of rats). It was proven that O-->N acyl migration
      of the precursor isopeptide results in a water soluble oligomeric mixture of
      neurotoxic A beta(1-42). These oligomers are formed in situ just before the
      biological experiments and their aggregation grade could be standardized.

PMID- 19995587
TI  - Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic endomorphin-2 analogs.
AB  - In our previous paper we reported synthesis and biological activity of two cyclic
      analogs of endomorphin-2 (EM-2): Tyr-c(Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp)-NH(2) and Tyr-c(Asp-Phe
      Phe-Lys)-NH(2), achieved by making an amid bond between Lys and Asp side-chains.
      The first analog did not bind to the mu-opioid receptor, the affinity of the
      second one was very low. In the present study, we describe the synthesis of four
      novel cyclic analogs of similar structure, but with d-amino acids in position 2
      (D-Lys or D-Asp). All new analogs displayed high affinity for the mu-opioid
      receptor, were much more stable than EM-2 in rat brain homogenate and showed
      remarkable antinociceptive activity after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)
      administration. Analgesic effect of the most potent cyclic analog, Tyr-c(D-Lys
      Phe-Phe-Asp)NH(2) was much stronger and longer lasting than that of EM-2. This
      analog elicited analgesia also after peripheral administration and this effect
      was reversed by concomitant i.c.v. injection of the mu-opioid antagonist, beta
      funaltrexamine, which indicated that antinociception was mediated by the mu
      opioid receptor in the brain. Central action of the cyclic analog gives evidence
      that it was able to cross the blood-brain barrier, most likely due to the
      increased lipophilicity. Our results demonstrate that cyclization might be a
      promising strategy to enhance bioavailability of peptides and may serve a role in
      the development of novel endomorphin analogs with increased therapeutic
      potential.

PMID- 19995588
TI  - Paliperidone overdose in a patient with schizophrenia.

PMID- 19995589
TI  - Six-month evaluation of adhesives interface created by a hydrophobic adhesive to
      acid-etched ethanol-wet bonded dentine with simplified dehydration protocols.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of simplified dehydration protocols, in the
      absence of tubular occlusion, on bond strength and interfacial nanoleakage of a
      hydrophobic experimental adhesive blend to acid-etched, ethanol-dehydrated
      dentine immediately and after 6 months. METHODS: Molars were randomly assigned to
      6 treatment groups (n=5). Under pulpal pressure simulation, dentine crowns were
      acid-etched with 35% H(3)PO(4) and rinsed with water. Adper Scotchbond Multi
      Purpose was used for the control group. The remaining groups had their dentine
      surface dehydrated with ethanol solutions: group 1=50%, 70%, 80%, 95% and 3x100%,
      30s for each application; group 2 the same ethanol sequence with 15s for each
      solution; groups 3, 4 and 5 used 100% ethanol only, applied in seven, three or
      one 30s step, respectively. After dehydration, a primer (50% BisGMA+TEGDMA, 50%
      ethanol) was used, followed by the neat comonomer adhesive application. Resin
      composite build-ups were then prepared using an incremental technique. Specimens
      were stored for 24h, sectioned into beams and stressed to failure after 24h or
      after 6 months of artificial ageing. Interfacial silver leakage evaluation was
      performed for both storage periods (n=5 per subgroup). RESULTS: Group 1 showed
      higher bond strengths at 24h or after 6 months of ageing (45.6+/-5.9(a)/43.1+/
      3.2(a)MPa) and lower silver impregnation. Bond strength results were
      statistically similar to control group (41.2+/-3.3(ab)/38.3+/-4.0(ab)MPa), group
      2 (40.0+/-3.1(ab)/38.6+/-3.2(ab)MPa), and group 3 at 24h (35.5+/-4.3(ab)MPa).
      Groups 4 (34.6+/-5.7(bc)/25.9+/-4.1(c)MPa) and 5 (24.7+/-4.9(c)/18.2+/-4.2(c)MPa)
      resulted in lower bond strengths, extensive interfacial nanoleakage and more
      prominent reductions (up to 25%) in bond strengths after 6 months of ageing.
      CONCLUSIONS: Simplified dehydration protocols using one or three 100% ethanol
      applications should be avoided for the ethanol-wet bonding technique in the
      absence of tubular occlusion, as they showed decreased bond strength, more severe
      nanoleakage and reduced bond stability over time.

PMID- 19995590
TI  - African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects
      on sleep and synaptic functions.
AB  - The extracellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei causes human African
      trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness. Trypanosomes are
      transmitted by tsetse flies and HAT occurs in foci in sub-Saharan Africa. The
      disease, which is invariably lethal if untreated, evolves in a first hemo
      lymphatic stage, progressing to a second meningo-encephalitic stage when the
      parasites cross the blood-brain barrier. At first, trypanosomes are restricted to
      circumventricular organs and choroid plexus in the brain outside the blood-brain
      barrier, and to dorsal root ganglia. Later, parasites cross the blood-brain
      barrier at post-capillary venules, through a multi-step process similar to that
      of lymphocytes. Accumulation of parasites in the brain is regulated by cytokines
      and chemokines. Trypanosomes can alter neuronal function and the most prominent
      manifestation is represented by sleep alterations. These are characterized, in
      HAT and experimental rodent infections, by disruption of the sleep-wake 24h cycle
      and internal sleep structure. Trypanosome infections alter also some, but not
      all, other endogenous biological rhythms. A number of neural pathways and
      molecules may be involved in such effects. Trypanosomes secrete prostaglandins
      including the somnogenic PGD2, and they interact with the host's immune system to
      cause release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. From the sites of early localization
      of parasites in the brain and meninges, such molecules could affect adjacent
      brain areas implicated in sleep-wakefulness regulation, including the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus and its downstream targets, to cause the changes
      characteristic of the disease. This raises challenging issues on the effects of
      cytokines on synaptic functions potentially involved in sleep-wakefulness
      alterations.

PMID- 19995591
TI  - Rich dynamics in a predator-prey model with both noise and periodic force.
AB  - A spatial version of the predator-prey model with Holling III functional
      response, which includes some important factors such as external periodic forces,
      noise, and diffusion processes is investigated. For the model only with
      diffusion, it exhibits spiral waves in the two-dimensional space. However,
      combined with noise, it has the feature of chaotic patterns. Moreover, the
      oscillations become more obvious when the noise intensity is increased.
      Furthermore, the spatially extended system with external periodic forces and
      noise exhibits a resonant pattern and frequency-locking phenomena. These results
      may help us to understand the effects arising from the undeniable susceptibility
      to random fluctuations in the real ecosystems.

PMID- 19995592
TI  - In vitro molecular pattern classification via DNA-based weighted-sum operation.
AB  - Recent progress in molecular computation suggests the possibility of pattern
      classification in vitro. Weighted sum is a primitive operation required by many
      pattern classification problems. Here we present a DNA-based molecular
      computation method for implementing the weighted-sum operation and its use for
      molecular pattern classification in a test tube. The weights of the classifier
      are encoded as the mixing ratios of the differentially labeled probe DNA
      molecules, which are competitively hybridized with the input-encoding target
      molecules to compute the decision boundary of classification. The computation
      result is detected by fluorescence signals. We experimentally verify the
      underlying weight encoding scheme and demonstrate successful discrimination of
      two-group labels of synthetic DNA mixture patterns. The method can be used for
      direct computation on biomolecular data in a liquid state.

PMID- 19995593
TI  - Differential expression of glycine receptor subunits in the rat basolateral and
      central amygdala.
AB  - The amygdalar complex is a limbic structure that plays a key role in emotional
      processing and fear conditioning. Although inhibitory transmission in the
      amygdala is predominately GABA-ergic, neurons of the amygdala are also known to
      express glycine receptors. The subtype and function of these glycine receptors
      within the synaptic circuits of the amygdala are unknown. In this study, we have
      investigated the relative expression of the four major glycine receptor subunits
      (alpha1-3 and beta) in the rat basolateral (BLA) and central amygdala (CeA),
      using real-time PCR and protein biochemistry. We demonstrate that alpha1, alpha2,
      alpha 3, and beta subunits are all expressed in the BLA and CeA with alpha2 being
      the predominant alpha-subunit in both nuclei. Electrophysiological recordings
      from BLA and CeA neurons in acute brain slices indicated that differences in
      relative expression of these subunits were correlated with the pharmacological
      properties of native glycine receptors expressed on these neurons. We conclude
      that glycine receptors assembled in BLA neurons are largely alpha 1 beta
      containing heteromultimers whereas receptors assembled in neurons of the central
      amygdala are primarily alpha 2 beta-, alpha 3 beta- or alpha 1 beta-containing
      heteromultimers, with a minor component of alpha2 or alpha 3 homomeric receptors
      also expressed.

PMID- 19995594
TI  - Are poor mathematics skills associated with visual deficits in temporal
      processing?
AB  - Developmental learning disabilities such as dyslexia and dyscalculia have a high
      rate of co-occurrence in pediatric populations, suggesting that they share
      underlying cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms. Dyslexia and other
      developmental disorders with a strong heritable component have been associated
      with reduced sensitivity to coherent motion stimuli, an index of visual temporal
      processing on a millisecond time-scale. Here we examined whether deficits in
      sensitivity to visual motion are evident in children who have poor mathematics
      skills relative to other children of the same age. We obtained psychophysical
      thresholds for visual coherent motion and a control task from two groups of
      children who differed in their performance on a test of mathematics achievement.
      Children with math skills in the lowest 10% in their cohort were less sensitive
      than age-matched controls to coherent motion, but they had statistically
      equivalent thresholds to controls on a coherent form control measure. Children
      with mathematics difficulties therefore tend to present a similar pattern of
      visual processing deficit to those that have been reported previously in other
      developmental disorders. We speculate that reduced sensitivity to temporally
      defined stimuli such as coherent motion represents a common processing deficit
      apparent across a range of commonly co-occurring developmental disorders.

PMID- 19995595
TI  - Elution characteristics of teicoplanin-loaded biodegradable borate glass/chitosan
      composite.
AB  - Local antibiotic delivery system has an advantage over systemic antibiotic for
      osteomyelitis treatment due to the delivery of high local antibiotic
      concentration while avoiding potential systemic toxicity. Composite biomaterials
      with multifunctional roles, consisting of a controlled antibiotic release, a
      mechanical (load-bearing) function, and the ability to promote bone regeneration,
      gradually become the most active area of investigation and development of local
      antibiotic delivery vehicles. In the present study, a composite of borate glass
      and chitosan (designated BG/C) was developed as teicoplanin delivery vehicle. The
      in vitro elution kinetics and antibacterial activity of teicoplanin released from
      BG/C composite as a function of immersion time were determined. Moreover, the pH
      changes of eluents and the bioactivity of the composite were characterized using
      scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X
      ray diffraction analysis.

PMID- 19995596
TI  - Partitioning and phase equilibria of PEGylated excipients in fluorinated liquids.
AB  - Mixtures of common polymeric excipients and hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) liquids show
      rich and complex phase behaviour. Phase diagrams and phase compositions are
      reported for poly(ethylene glycol)s with varying levels of end-group methylation
      in mixed solvent systems consisting of the model propellant 2H,3H
      perfluoropentane (HPFP) and the fully fluorinated analogue perfluoropentane
      (PFP). Studies have been performed as a function of molecular weight as well as
      end group chemistry (monomethyl, MM; dimethyl, DM; and dihydroxyl, DH), and for
      binary polymer mixtures in HPFP/PFP solvent systems. The solvent composition
      required to induce phase separation by addition of the non-hydrogen bonding PFP
      is strongly dependent on end-group concentrations. It shows a linear increase
      with increasing methylation, whilst remaining insensitive to OH group
      concentration in dihydroxylated PEG systems. For single polymer systems it is
      observed that strong partitioning of the polymer is observed, and changes in
      polymer concentration occurring across the phase diagram are a result of changing
      solvent partitioning between upper and lower phases. These solvent effects are
      dependent on the composition (wt% PFP) in the solvent mixture. The linear
      dependence of solvent composition required to induce phase separation at fixed
      polymer concentration on end group concentrations can be used to predict the
      phase behaviour for mixtures of monomethylated PEG with either dimethyl or
      dihydroxyl PEGs, whereas mixtures of dihydroxyl with dimethyl end-capped PEGs
      show a deviation from linear behaviour with dominance of the dihydroxyl end
      groups, which is reflected in the obtained phase diagrams. This study hence
      progresses understanding of factors that influence solubility of PEG-type
      polymers in HFAs and will facilitate the identification of predictive
      methodologies for formulation.

PMID- 19995597
TI  - Post exposure administration of A(1) adenosine receptor agonists attenuates noise
      induced hearing loss.
AB  - Adenosine is a constitutive cell metabolite with a putative role in protection
      and regeneration in many tissues. This study was undertaken to determine if
      adenosine signalling pathways are involved in protection against noise injury.
      A(1) adenosine receptor expression levels were altered in the cochlea exposed to
      loud sound, suggesting their involvement in the development of noise injury.
      Adenosine and selective adenosine receptor agonists (CCPA, CGS-21680 and Cl-IB
      MECA) were applied to the round window membrane of the cochlea 6h after noise
      exposure. Auditory brainstem responses measured 48h after drug administration
      demonstrated partial recovery of hearing thresholds (up to 20dB) in the cochleae
      treated with adenosine (non-selective adenosine receptor agonist) or CCPA
      (selective A(1) adenosine receptor agonist). In contrast, the selective A(2A)
      adenosine receptor agonist CGS-21680 and A(3) adenosine receptor agonist Cl-IB
      MECA did not protect the cochlea from hearing loss. Sound-evoked cochlear
      potentials in control rats exposed to ambient noise were minimally altered by
      local administration of the adenosine receptor agonists used in the noise study.
      Free radical generation in the cochlea exposed to noise was reduced by
      administration of adenosine and CCPA. This study pinpoints A(1) adenosine
      receptors as attractive targets for pharmacological interventions to reduce noise
      induced cochlear injury after exposure.

PMID- 19995598
TI  - Apoptotic effects of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fraction of
      Antrodia camphorata mycelia are mediated by down-regulation of the expressions of
      four tumor-related genes in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell.
AB  - AIM OF THE STUDY: Antrodia camphorata (niu-chang-chih) is a fungus native to
      Taiwan which is believed to be effective in preventing diseases. Recent reports
      demonstrate that Antrodia camphorata products induce the apoptosis of various
      kinds of tumor cells. In this study we determined the inhibitory effects of
      alcohol extract and individual fractions of alcohol extract on the proliferation
      of human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell and clarified the mechanism
      underlying the anti-cancer activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Alcohol extracts of
      Antrodia camphorata mycelia were prepared by the serial extraction with the
      solvents with increasing polarity and fractionated using HPLC. Cell viability was
      determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis detection was carried out by subG(1) analysis
      and annexin V/propidium iodide staining using flow cytometry. The impacts of HPLC
      fractions on the expression levels of apoptosis- and cancer-related proteins were
      evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS: Three HPLC fractions, fractions 5-7, had
      robust inhibition of human A549 cells and among them fraction 6 (Fr-6) possessed
      the most potent effectiveness. Apoptotic assay showed that Fr-6-induced human
      A549 cell apoptosis by triggering the mitochondrial pathway and endothelium
      reticulum (ER) stress. Immunoblotting results demonstrated that Fr-6 possibly
      activated ER stress by lowering the expression level of calpain 1/2 small subunit
      and Fr-6-mediated decrease in cell proliferation might attribute to the
      suppressive effect on the Erk 1/2 pathway, which arose from Fr-6-derived low
      galectin-1 expression. Furthermore Fr-6 could diminish Rho GDP dissociation
      inhibitor alpha (RhoGDI-alpha) expression and subsequently activated c-Jun NH(2)
      terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which is linked to cell apoptosis. Fr-6 also could
      decrease the production level of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A,
      which is a potential cancer intervention target. CONCLUSION: These results
      suggested that the anti-cancer activity of Antrodia camphorata might be due to
      multiple active metabolites, which work together to induce cell apoptosis via
      various pathways.

PMID- 19995599
TI  - Uncaria tomentosa acts as a potent TNF-alpha inhibitor through NF-kappaB.
AB  - AIM OF THE STUDY: Uncaria tomentosa, commonly known as Cat's Claw or Una de gato,
      is a medicinal plant that has been shown to have effective anti-inflammatory
      activities. We have previously shown that treatment of monocyte-like THP-1 cells
      with Uncaria tomentosa inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine
      TNF-alpha while augmenting the production of IL-1beta. Since TNF-alpha and IL
      1beta are usually regulated similarly and share a number of common promoter
      elements, including NF-kappaB and AP-1, the ability of Uncaria tomentosa to
      differentially regulate these inflammatory cytokines is of particular interest.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the mechanism of action of Uncaria tomentosa,
      we investigated the effects of specific inhibitors of NF-kappaB on cellular
      responses including transcription factor activation using TransAM assays, the
      expression of cytokines as measured by ELISA, and cell survival as measured by
      changes in cell number following treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with Uncaria
      tomentosa inhibited the LPS-dependent activation of specific NF-kappaB and AP-1
      components. In addition, treatment with Uncaria tomentosa enhanced cell death
      when NF-kappaB was inhibited. The ability of Uncaria tomentosa to inhibit TNF
      alpha production was diminished when NF-kappaB activation was prevented by drugs
      that mask NF-kappaB subunit nuclear localization signals, while IL-1beta
      expression was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Uncaria
      tomentosa is able to elicit a response via an NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism.
      Further studies to characterize the mechanism by which Uncaria tomentosa can
      affect this pathway could provide a means to develop anti-TNF-alpha therapies.

PMID- 19995600
TI  - Transcriptomic biomarkers of human ageing in peripheral blood mononuclear cell
      total RNA.
AB  - Age-related changes of gene expression contribute to the physiological alteration
      observed with human ageing. Herein, the abundance of a selection of 148
      transcripts involved in immunosenescence and stress response was compared in
      total RNA of PBMC of healthy young to middle-age probands (35.0 +/- 6.5 year old)
      and healthy old probands (82.5 +/- 6.8 year old). This study provides a list of
      16 differentially abundant transcripts species in the healthy old probands. Thus,
      these changes of abundance can be considered as easily accessible biomarkers of
      ageing. Some of these differential abundances like CD28, CD69, LCK (decreased
      abundance in old subjects), CD86, Cathepsin D, H and S (increased abundance in
      old subjects) might explain biochemical and cytochemical changes observed at the
      protein level in the immune system and thus might correspond to regulatory
      processes affecting the ageing process. Indeed these changes reflect the low
      grade pro-inflammatory status observed in old persons and suggest a hypo
      responsiveness of T-cells together with an increase in antigen presentation
      potential. In addition, among the differentially abundant transcripts were
      transcripts involved in the oxidative stress response HMOX1 and HSPA6 mRNAs were
      found as more abundant in PBMC from elderly subjects.

PMID- 19995601
TI  - The role of apoptosis in shaping the tracheal system in the Drosophila embryo.
AB  - The tubular network of the tracheal system in the Drosophila embryo is created
      from a set of epithelial placodes by cell migration, rearrangements, fusions and
      shape changes. A designated number of cells is initially allocated to each branch
      of the system. We show here that the final cell number in the dorsal branches is
      not only determined by early patterning events and subsequent cell rearrangements
      but also by elimination of cells from the developing branch. Extruded cells die
      and are engulfed by macrophages. Our results suggest that the pattern of cell
      extrusion and death is not hard-wired, but is determined by environmental cues.

PMID- 19995602
TI  - Foreword. The Montevideo Neural Coding Workshop.

PMID- 19995603
TI  - Engineering a pharmacologically superior form of granulocyte-colony-stimulating
      factor by fusion with gelatin-like-protein polymer.
AB  - The plasma half-life of therapeutic proteins is a critical factor in many
      clinical applications. Therefore, new strategies to prolong plasma half-life of
      long-acting peptides and protein drugs are in high demand. Here, we designed an
      artificial gelatin-like protein (GLK) and fused this hydrophilic GLK polymer to
      granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to generate a chimeric GLK/G-CSF
      fusion protein. The genetically engineered recombinant GLK/G-CSF (rGLK/G-CSF)
      fusion protein was purified from Pichia pastoris. In vitro studies demonstrated
      that rGLK/G-CSF possessed an enlarged hydrodynamic radius, improved thermal
      stability and retained full bioactivity compared to unfused G-CSF. Following a
      single subcutaneous administration to rats, the rGLK/G-CSF fusion protein
      displayed a slower plasma clearance rate and stimulated greater and longer
      lasting increases in circulating white blood cells than G-CSF. Our findings
      indicate that fusion with this artificial, hydrophilic, GLK polymer provides many
      advantages in the construction of a potent hematopoietic factor with extended
      plasma half-life. This approach could be easily applied to other therapeutic
      proteins and have important clinical applications.

PMID- 19995604
TI  - The influence of heterogeneous nucleation on the surface crystallization of
      guaifenesin from melt extrudates containing Eudragit L10055 or Acryl-EZE.
AB  - The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of talc and humidity
      conditions during storage on the crystal growth of guaifenesin on the surface of
      melt-extruded matrix tablets. Tablets consisted of the model drug guaifenesin in
      a matrix of either Acryl-EZE(R) or Eudragit(R) L10055 and either no talc, 25% or
      50% talc. After processing, the hot-melt-extruded matrix tablets were
      supersaturated with amorphous guaifenesin, which resulted in the development of
      guaifenesin drug crystals on exposed surfaces of the tablet during storage (all
      tablets were stored at 24 degrees C). A previously developed, quantitative test
      was used to assay for surface guaifenesin. In tablets with a drug-to-polymer
      ratio of 19:81, talc-containing tablets exhibited an earlier onset of crystal
      growth (storage at 17% relative humidity). The presence of talc also increased
      the amount of surface crystallization and was independent of the talc
      concentration, since the talc levels used in this study exceeded the critical
      nucleant concentration. Additional non-melting components did not have an
      additive effect on surface crystal growth. High humidity during storage (78%)
      increased guaifenesin crystallization, but moisture uptake of tablets did not
      correlate with increased drug recrystallization. When storage at 17% relative
      humidity was interrupted for 3days by storage at 78% relative humidity before the
      tablets were returned to their previous low RH storage conditions, crystal growth
      quickly increased during the high RH interval and remained at an elevated level
      throughout the remaining storage period. A similar intermediate period of low,
      17% relative humidity in tablets stored before and after that time at 78% RH did
      not affect surface crystallization levels. The effects of humidity and talc on
      the crystallization of guaifenesin from melt-extruded dosage forms supersaturated
      with amorphous drug were ascribed to heterogeneous nucleation.

PMID- 19995605
TI  - Structure and expression of the silk adhesive protein Ser2 in Bombyx mori.
AB  - Sericins are soluble silk components encoded in Bombyx mori by three genes, of
      which Ser1 and Ser3 have been characterized. The Ser1 and Ser3 proteins were
      shown to appear later in the last larval instar as the major sericins of cocoon
      silk. These proteins are, however, virtually absent in the highly adhesive silk
      spun prior to cocoon spinning, when the larvae construct a loose scaffold for
      cocoon attachment. We show here that the silk-gland lumen of the feeding last
      instar larvae contains two abundant adhesive proteins of 230 kDa and 120 kDa that
      were identified as products of the Ser2 gene. We also describe the sequence, exon
      intron structure, alternative splicing and deduced translation products of this
      gene in the Daizo p50 strain of B. mori. Two mRNAs of 5.7 and 3.1 kb are
      generated by alternative splicing of the largest exon. The predicted mature
      proteins contain 1740 and 882 amino acid residues. The repetitive amino acid
      sequence encoded by exons 9a and 9b is apparently responsible for the
      adhesiveness of Ser2 products. It has a similar periodic arrangement of motifs
      containing lysine and proline as a highly adhesive protein of the mussel Mytilus
      edulis.

PMID- 19995606
TI  - Observing Xenopus laevis oocyte plasma membrane by Atomic Force Microscopy.
AB  - This paper describes the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to investigate the
      plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocyte. Different protocols of sample
      preparation to perform an AFM investigation of both external and intracellular
      sides of the oocyte plasma membrane are presented and discussed. Reproducible AFM
      images allowed visualization and dimensional characterization of protein
      complexes differently arranged on both sides of the oocyte plasma membrane. In
      particular, two different arrangements were visualized: (1) a heterogeneous and
      irregular distribution of the protein complexes and (2) in some cases a
      distribution of nanometer-sized membrane domains where protein complexes are
      densely packed and spatially arranged in an ordered hexagonal motif. In addition,
      a methodological approach based on the purification of oocyte plasma membrane by
      ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradient is also described in this work. The
      potential of AFM as a useful tool for the structural characterization of proteins
      in a native eukaryotic membrane was established and its relevance for describing
      the organization of protein complexes in native biological membranes was
      explored.

PMID- 19995607
TI  - Purification and characterization of recombinant CH3 domain fragment of the CREB
      binding protein.
AB  - CREB-binding protein (CBP) is an important coactivator of basal transcription
      machinery and a critical regulator of cellular proliferation, differentiation,
      and apoptosis. It is hypothesized that CBP function is regulated by post
      translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and methylation. Specific
      kinase-mediated phosphorylation of CBP has been shown to affect not only
      intrinsic histone acetyl transferase activity, but also transcriptional activity
      of various target promoters and interaction with binding partners. While most of
      the identified CBP phosphorylation sites have been mapped to the N-terminus of
      the protein, based on previous studies of the CBP homolog (p300), protein kinase
      B/Akt is predicted to phosphorylate the C-terminus of CBP. However, there is no
      direct evidence of Akt-mediated phosphorylation of CBP. Here we report the first
      purification procedure of recombinant fragment of CBP, encompassing the
      cysteine/histidine-rich domain 3 (CH3) and glutamine-rich (Q) domain of the
      protein, which is suitable for structural and interaction studies. We provide the
      first evidence of protein-protein interaction between the full-length Akt1 and
      the C-terminus of CBP by fluorescence spectroscopy and the subsequent
      phosphorylation of CBP by in vitro phosphorylation assay. Our results suggest
      that Akt signaling may have important implications on the in vivo molecular
      interaction of CBP with various transcription factors and modulation of cellular
      responses.

PMID- 19995608
TI  - Expression, purification and primary crystallographic study of human androgen
      receptor in complex with DNA and coactivator motifs.
AB  - The androgen receptor (AR) is a DNA-binding and hormone-activated transcription
      factor that plays critical roles in the development and progression of prostate
      cancer. The transcriptional function of AR is modulated by intermolecular
      interactions with DNA elements and coactivator proteins, as well as
      intramolecular interactions between AR domains; thus, the structural information
      from the full-length AR or a multi-domain fragment is essential for understanding
      the molecular basis of AR functions. Here we report the expression and
      purification of full-length AR protein and of a fragment containing its DNA
      binding and ligand-binding domains connected by the hinge region in the presence
      of its natural ligand, dihydrotestosterone. Crystals of ligand-bound full-length
      AR and of the AR fragment in complex with DNA elements and coactivator motifs
      have been obtained and diffracted to low resolutions. These results help
      establish a foundation for pursuing further crystallographic studies of an AR/DNA
      complex.

PMID- 19995609
TI  - Streamlined, automated protocols for the production of milligram quantities of
      untagged recombinant human cyclophilin-A (hCypA) and untagged human proliferating
      cell nuclear antigen (hPCNA) using AKTAxpress.
AB  - We developed streamlined, automated purification protocols for the production of
      milligram quantities of untagged recombinant human cyclophilin-A (hCypA) and
      untagged human proliferating cell nuclear antigen (hPCNA) from Escherichia coli,
      using the AKTAxpress chromatography system. The automated 2-step (cation exchange
      and size exclusion) purification protocol for untagged hCypA results in final
      purity and yields of 93% and approximately 5 mg L(-1) of original cell culture,
      respectively, in under 12h, including all primary sample processing and column
      equilibration steps. The novel automated 4-step (anion exchange, desalt, heparin
      affinity and size exclusion, in linear sequence) purification protocol for
      untagged hPCNA results in final purity and yields of 87% and approximately 4 mg
      L(-1) of original cell culture, respectively, in under 24h, including all primary
      sample processing and column equilibration steps. This saves in excess of four
      full working days when compared to the traditional protocol, producing protein
      with similar final yield, purity and activity. Furthermore, it limits a time
      dependent protein aggregation, a problem with the traditional protocol that
      results in a loss of final yield. Both automated protocols were developed to use
      generic commercially available pre-packed columns and automatically prepared
      minimal buffers, designed to eliminate user and system variations, maximize run
      reproducibility, standardize yield and purity between batches, increase
      throughput and reduce user input to a minimum. Both protocols represent robust
      generic methods for the automated production of untagged hCypA and hPCNA.

PMID- 19995610
TI  - Historical biogeography of Tyrrhenian land snails: the Marmorana-Tyrrheniberus
      radiation (Pulmonata, Helicidae).
AB  - The few studies available on Tyrrhenian land snails support high diversification
      in the Italian Peninsula and groups structured mainly by vicariant events. Here
      we investigated the phylogeny of a conchologically diversified group of
      Tyrrhenian land snails assigned to the genera Marmorana and Tyrrheniberus. We
      constructed a molecular phylogeny by sequencing two commonly used mtDNA genes
      (cytochrome oxidase I and the large ribosomal subunit). We also carried out
      conchological and anatomical analysis. Morphological (shell and genitalia) and
      genetic data (mitochondrial genes) showed paraphyly of Marmorana. Plio
      Pleistocene events in the Tyrrhenian area may have structured relationships
      between species at regional scale while isolation by distance probably played a
      role in diversification between populations on a local scale. Continental
      populations experienced dispersal during interglacial periods and fragmentation
      and reduction during the dry cold climatic phases. Areas inhabited by Apennine
      Marmorana could represent relict and/or glacial refugia, with extinction in some
      areas along the Apennines and survival in the south. The results support a
      reassessment of taxonomy both at genus and species level and call for further
      analysis.

PMID- 19995611
TI  - Origin and diversification of Philippine bulbuls.
AB  - We examine the origin and diversification of Philippine bulbuls using a
      phylogenetic framework. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods are used to
      construct trees from DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes
      obtained from 11 Philippine bulbul species as well as 32 other Asian and African
      taxa. The study finds eight independent colonization events of bulbuls to the
      Philippines, including one clade comprising Philippine members of the genus Ixos
      that underwent extensive diversification within the archipelago. Each Philippine
      clade of bulbuls invaded either the Palawan region or the oceanic islands of the
      Philippines, but not both. Genetic data reveal at least five lineages that
      warrant recognition as full species. This study underscores how Philippine avian
      diversity is currently underestimated and highlights the need for further
      phylogenetic studies in other Philippine bird groups.

PMID- 19995612
TI  - Out of Antarctica?--new insights into the phylogeny and biogeography of the
      Pleurobranchomorpha (Mollusca, Gastropoda).
AB  - The aim of the current study was to gain new insights into the phylogeny,
      biogeography and evolution of the opisthobranch clade Pleurobranchomorpha. We
      focused on testing the hypothesis of an Antarctic origin of this clade. The
      combination of four gene markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and CO1) was used
      to infer a phylogenetic hypothesis of the Pleurobranchomorpha employing Maximum
      likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Four methodologically distinct
      approaches were applied to reconstruct the historical biogeography and dating of
      the tree was performed via relaxed molecular clock analysis. Phylogenetic
      analyses supported the monophyly of the Pleurobranchomorpha and their sister
      group relationship to the Nudibranchia. Monophyly of the main subgroups
      Pleurobranchaeinae and Pleurobranchinae could not be revealed. Reconstruction of
      the ancestral area of the Pleurobranchomorpha yielded different possibilities in
      the diverse analyses. However, the Pleurobranchinae most probably derived from an
      Antarctic origin. Estimation of divergence times revealed a long credible
      interval for the Pleurobranchomorpha, whereas the Pleurobranchinae diverged in
      Early Oligocene and underwent rapid radiation during Oligocene and Early Miocene.
      Divergence of the Pleurobranchinae into the Antarctic Tomthompsonia and the
      remaining species in Early Oligocene coincides with two major geological events;
      namely the onset of glaciation in Antarctica and the opening of the Drake Passage
      with following formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). These sudden
      and dramatic changes in climate probably led to subsequent migration of the last
      common ancestor of the remaining Pleurobranchinae into warmer regions, while the
      ACC may have accounted for larval dispersal to the Eastern Atlantic.

PMID- 19995613
TI  - Diversity of Loxosceles spiders in Northwestern Africa and molecular support for
      cryptic species in the Loxosceles rufescens lineage.
AB  - Until recently, Loxosceles rufescens was the only species known from a geographic
      range including Northern Africa, Mediterranean Europe and the Middle East. Rich
      Loxosceles diversity in the New World suggests either that L. rufescens is a
      young lineage or that its diversity is underappreciated. We use a molecular
      phylogenetic and morphological approach to examine diversity in L. rufescens and
      other Loxosceles lineages in Northwestern Africa. Molecular analyses of one
      nuclear and two mitochondrial genes strongly support a monophyletic clade
      including L. rufescens, the Northern Brazilian L. amazonica and three other
      divergent Northwestern African lineages, though relationships among them remain
      unresolved. A genetically divergent Moroccan individual morphologically
      consistent with L. rufescens was strongly supported as sister to all other
      putative L. rufescens, consistent with the presence of at least 2 species in this
      lineage. COI p-distances and population structuring among remaining putative L.
      rufescens clades further suggest the absence of gene flow between clades and the
      possibility that they represent multiple species. Morphological characters of
      preserved Loxosceles collected in a range of African countries provide additional
      indication that Loxosceles are more diverse and have a deeper history in Africa
      than has been previously understood.

PMID- 19995614
TI  - Late expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the amygdala is required
      for persistence of fear memory.
AB  - In many instances, increase in neuronal activity can induce biphasic secretion of
      a modulator. The initial release of the modulator triggers the induction of
      synaptic plasticity, whereas the second-phase release reinforces the efficacy of
      synaptic transmission and growth of dendrites and axons. In this study, we showed
      that fear conditioning not only induced the first but also a second peak of brain
      derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Fluorescent immunohistostaining
      confirmed that BDNF expression increased at 1 and 12 h after conditioning and
      returned to baseline at 30 h after conditioning. Mature BDNF expression increased
      in a similar manner. TrkB-IgG or K252a infusion before training impaired fear
      memory on days 1 and 7 after training. In contrast, TrkB-IgG or K252a infusion 9
      h after fear conditioning did not affect memory retention on day 1 after training
      but impaired fear memory on day 7 after training. Fear conditioning significantly
      enhanced Zif268 expression in the amygdala at 12 h after training; this enhanced
      expression was completely inhibited by TrkB-IgG infusion 9 h after training. The
      level of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), a marker of newly formed
      synapses, in the amygdala increased 7 days after fear conditioning. Moreover,
      conditioned rats had higher AMPA/NMDA ratio than unpaired rats. These results
      suggest that consolidated memory could be continuously modulated by previous
      molecular changes produced during memory acquisition.

PMID- 19995615
TI  - Cardioacceleratory and myostimulatory activity of allatotropin in Triatoma
      infestans.
AB  - Haematophagous insects incorporate a large quantity of blood with each meal,
      producing a big quantity of urine in a few hours. The activity of the Malpighian
      tubules (MTs) is facilitated by the increase of the circulation of the haemolymph
      produced by the increase of the aorta contractions as well as, of the peristaltic
      waves of the anterior midgut. MTs of Triatoma infestans secrete an allatotropin
      like peptide, which has a myostimulatory effect on the hindgut, inducing the
      mixing and voiding of the content during post-prandial diuresis. We are reporting
      now the activity of allatotropin (AT) as a cardioacceleratory and a
      myostimulatory peptide at the level of the anterior midgut. The peptide induced
      the increase of the rate of contractions of the anterior midgut and the aorta in
      a wide range of concentrations. The cardioacceleratory effect of AT was dependent
      on the feeding state of the insects and on the presence of serotonin. The
      response showed the existence of a differential behavior between sexes, inducing
      a higher increase on the frequency of contractions, as well as, the width of the
      aorta in males than in females. Finally, our results suggest that AT interacts
      with serotonin to facilitate the circulation of haemolymph during post-prandial
      diuresis.

PMID- 19995616
TI  - Data visualization speeds review of potential adverse drug events in patients on
      multiple medications.
AB  - Patients on multiple medications are at increased risk for adverse drug events.
      While physicians can reduce this risk by regularly reviewing the side-effect
      profiles of their patients' medications, this process can be time-consuming. We
      created a decision support system designed to expedite reviewing potential
      adverse reactions through information visualization. The system includes a
      database containing 16,340 unique drug and side-effect pairs, representing 250
      common medications. A numeric score is assigned to each pair reflecting the
      strength of association between drug and effect. Based on these scores, the
      system generates graphical adverse reaction maps for any user-selected
      combination of drugs. A study comparing speed and accuracy of retrieving side
      effect data using this tool versus UpToDate demonstrated a 60% reduction in time
      to complete a query (61 s vs. 155 s, p < 0.0001) with no decrease in accuracy.
      These findings suggest that information visualization can significantly expedite
      review of potential adverse drug events.

PMID- 19995617
TI  - Showing Your Work: Impact of annotating electronic prescriptions with decision
      support results.
AB  - e-Prescribing systems with decision support do not routinely communicate an
      adequate amount of information regarding the prescribers' decision to
      pharmacists. To address this communication gap in the e-prescribing process, we
      implemented a system called Show Your Work (SYW) that appends alerts and override
      comments to e-prescriptions generated by an e-prescribing system. To assess the
      quantitative impact of this system, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded,
      controlled study to assess pharmacy callback rates and types, and to uncover any
      unintended consequences of the annotations. Each day, SYW output across the
      enterprise was turned "on" or "off" randomly for all e-prescriptions. A
      convenience sample of three pharmacies, blinded to SYW status, submitted callback
      logs each day. These logs were used to calculate the rate of and reason for
      callbacks. At the conclusion of the study, we surveyed the 50 most frequently
      used pharmacies in our area to assess the impact of SYW on satisfaction and
      communication. A total of 202 callbacks had occurred yielding a callback rate of
      45 callbacks/1000 prescriptions for SYW "on" days and 40 callbacks/1000
      prescriptions for "off" days (p=0.4). We received 38 surveys (76% response rate)
      with 33 respondents commenting about SYW. Most respondents agreed (69%) that SYW
      favorably impacted callbacks--especially with pediatric prescriptions (82%).
      Comments suggested that SYW increased callbacks where necessary and decreased
      them in other situations, but did not contribute to unnecessary callbacks. These
      findings support the continued and potentially expanded use of SYW by e
      prescribing systems to enhance communication with pharmacists.

PMID- 19995618
TI  - The orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) in the rostral medullary raphe contributes to the
      hypercapnic chemoreflex in wakefulness, during the active period of the diurnal
      cycle.
AB  - It has been shown that orexin plays an important role in the hypercapnic
      chemoreflex during wakefulness, and OX(1)Rs in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN)
      participate in this mechanism. We hypothesized that OX(1)R in the rostral
      medullary raphe (MR) also contributes to the hypercapnic chemoreflex. We studied
      the effects on ventilation in air and in 7% CO(2) of focal antagonism of OX(1)R
      in the rostral MR by microdialysis of SB-334867 in rats during wakefulness and
      NREM sleep, under dark and light periods. During wakefulness in the dark period,
      but not in the light period, SB-334867 caused a 16% reduction of the
      hyperventilation induced by 7% CO(2) compared with vehicle. There was no
      significant effect in sleep. The basal ventilation, body temperature and V(O2)
      were not affected. No effect was observed in a separate group of animals which
      had the microdialysis probe misplaced (peri-raphe). We conclude that OX(1)R in
      the rostral medullary raphe contribute to the hypercapnic chemoreflex in
      wakefulness, during the dark period in rats.

PMID- 19995619
TI  - Calcium entry is regulated by Zn2+ in relation to extracellular ionic environment
      in human airway epithelial cells.
AB  - The extracellular pH, sodium and divalent cation concentrations influence the ATP
      induced changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). This elevation
      of [Ca(2+)](i) and activation of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels represent a
      possible therapeutic approach in cystic fibrosis (CF). We investigated the
      changes of [Ca(2+)](i) in different external ionic environment, and P2X
      purinergic receptors (P2XRs) expression in the control and CF airway epithelial
      cells. The parallel removal of Na(+) and alkalinization of the extracellular
      solution increased the amplitude of sustained ATP-induced Ca(2+) signals
      independent of wild-type or mutant CFTR expression. The ATP-induced Ca(2+) entry
      was either inhibited or stimulated by Zn(2+) depending on the extracellular Na(+)
      concentration. In Na(+)-free environment, Zn(2+) and other divalent cations
      elicited a biphasic Ca(2+) signal. Immunohistochemical data suggest that,
      multiple subtypes of P2XRs are expressed in these airway epithelial cells. In
      conclusion, Ca(2+) entry is finely regulated by external ionic environment.
      Therefore, we speculate that properly compiled aerosols could influence efficacy
      of zinc-based therapy in CF.

PMID- 19995621
TI  - Analysis of protein expression in pure cell nuclei populations isolated from
      human breast cancer tissue by DNA flow cytometric sorting.
AB  - In this study, cell nuclei from aneuploid breast cancer samples were sorted with
      respect to DNA content into pure diploid and aneuploid fractions using flow
      cytometry. The nuclear proteins were then separated by one-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis (1D-PAGE) and differences in protein expression patterns, between
      diploid and aneuploid nuclei from the same tumours, were compared. Using a
      combination of peptide finger printing and peptide identification by MALDI-TOF
      mass spectrometry, we identified proteins and confirmed that the proteins were of
      nuclear origins. The results in this study add further information to the
      knowledge about the breast cancer disease complexity and heterogeneity at
      molecular level. For some of the tumours studied different nuclei protein
      patterns were obtained, in the diploid respective aneuploid nuclei populations,
      whilst other tumours did not show these differences.

PMID- 19995622
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker discovery strategies for autoimmune
      disorders.
AB  - Current clinical, laboratory or radiological parameters cannot accurately
      diagnose or predict disease outcomes in a range of autoimmune disorders.
      Biomarkers which can diagnose at an earlier time point, predict outcome or help
      guide therapeutic strategies in autoimmune diseases could improve clinical
      management of this broad group of debilitating disorders. Additionally, there is
      a growing need for a deeper understanding of multi-factorial autoimmune
      disorders. Proteomic platforms offering a multiplex approach are more likely to
      reflect the complexity of autoimmune disease processes. Findings from proteomic
      based studies of three distinct autoimmune diseases are presented and strategies
      compared. It is the authors' view that such approaches are likely to be fruitful
      in the movement of autoimmune disease treatment away from reactive decisions and
      towards a preventative stand point.

PMID- 19995620
TI  - Material properties and osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells on
      fiber-reinforced laminated hydrogel nanocomposites.
AB  - The fibrils in the bone matrix are glued together by extracellular matrix
      proteins to form laminated structures (osteons) to provide elasticity and a
      supportive substrate for osteogenesis. The objective of this work was to
      investigate material properties and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow
      stromal (BMS) cells seeded on osteon-mimetic fiber-reinforced hydrogel/apatite
      composites. Layers of electrospun poly(l-lactide) fiber mesh coated with a
      poly(lactide-co-ethylene oxide fumarate) (PLEOF) hydrogel precursor solution were
      stacked and pressed together, and crosslinked to produce a laminated fiber
      reinforced composite. Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals were added to the
      precursor solution to produce an osteoconductive matrix for BMS cells. Acrylamide
      terminated Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide (Ac-GRGD) was conjugated to the PLEOF/HA
      hydrogel phase to promote focal point adhesion of BMS cells. Laminates were
      characterized with respect to the Young's modulus, degradation kinetics and
      osteogenic differentiation of BMS cells. The moduli of the laminates under dry
      and wet conditions were significantly higher than those of the fiber mesh and
      PLEOF/HA hydrogel, and within the range of values reported for wet human
      cancellous bone. At days 14 and 21, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity of the
      laminates was significantly higher than those of the fiber mesh and hydrogel.
      Lamination significantly increased the extent of mineralization of BMS cells and
      laminates with HA and conjugated with RGD (Lam-RGD-HA) had 2.7-, 3.5- and 2.8
      fold higher calcium content (compared to laminates without HA or RGD) after 7, 14
      and 21days, respectively. The Lam-RGD-HA group had significantly higher
      expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin compared to the hydrogel or laminates
      without HA or RGD, consistent with the higher ALPase activity and calcium content
      of Lam-RGD-HA. Laminated osteon-mimetic structures have the potential to provide
      mechanical strength to the regenerating region as well as supporting the
      differentiation of progenitor cells to the osteogenic lineage.

PMID- 19995624
TI  - Osteomyelitis.

PMID- 19995625
TI  - Thoracic multidetector CT comes of age. Preface.

PMID- 19995626
TI  - The Beatles, the Nobel Prize, and CT scanning of the chest.
AB  - From its first test scan on a mouse, in 1967, to current medical practice, the CT
      scanner has become a core imaging tool in thoracic diagnosis. Initially financed
      by money from Beatles' record sales, the first patient scan was performed in
      1971. Only 8 years later, a Nobel Prize in Physics and Medicine was awarded to
      Hounsfield and Cormack for their discovery. This article traces the history of CT
      scanner development and how each technical advance expanded chest diagnostic
      frontiers. Chest imaging now accounts for 30% of all CT scanning.

PMID- 19995627
TI  - Optimization of contrast enhancement in thoracic MDCT.
AB  - Many clinical applications of thoracic computed tomography (CT) require contrast
      medium to enhance and delineate vascular, mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac
      structures, and differentiate normal and pathologic vascular or tumoral
      conditions. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is superior to single
      detector row CT (SDCT) because MDCT permits more efficient and flexible use of
      intravenous contrast medium to achieve enhancement. However, to fully reap the
      benefits of MDCT contrast enhancement, the technical challenges associated with
      optimizing enhancement and scan timing in MDCT need to be solved. This article
      reviews the basic principles of CT contrast enhancement and discusses common
      clinical considerations and the protocol design modifications that are necessary
      to achieve optimal contrast enhancement in thoracic MDCT.

PMID- 19995628
TI  - Acute pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Evolving MDCT technology and high accuracy for pulmonary embolism detection has
      led to CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) becoming a first-line imaging test. Rapid
      and accurate assessment for DVT and PE can be performed with a single test.
      Concerns remain regarding the radiation exposure incurred with CTPA and CT
      venography, especially in young patients. There are concerns also regarding
      radiation exposure in pregnancy and search for the best diagnostic test for PE in
      pregnancy. The increased detection of subsegmental emboli raises the question as
      to which emboli are significant and should be treated and which should be left
      alone. We review the current role of CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 19995629
TI  - Multidetector computed tomographic pulmonary angiography: beyond acute pulmonary
      embolism.
AB  - Although multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) pulmonary angiography has
      found widespread use in the evaluation of acute pulmonary embolism, advances in
      technology have allowed for its application in realms that were previously
      exclusive to conventional pulmonary angiography. In this article, the authors
      address the use of MDCT in the evaluation of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary
      hypertension and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. These examples
      demonstrate the potential for MDCT to expand the use of computed tomographic
      angiography in the evaluation of the pulmonary arteries. Technical parameters,
      diagnostic findings at MDCT, and therapeutic implications of such findings are
      discussed for each condition.

PMID- 19995630
TI  - MDCT evaluation of acute aortic syndrome.
AB  - This article provides a summary of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), focusing
      especially on the multidetector CT technique and findings of AAS, as well as
      recent concepts regarding the subtypes of AAS, consisting of aortic dissection,
      intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and unstable aortic
      aneurysm.

PMID- 19995631
TI  - Congenital thoracic vascular anomalies.
AB  - Congenital vascular anomalies of the thorax represent an important group of
      entities that can occur either in isolation or in association with different
      forms of congenital heart disease. It is extremely important that radiologists
      have a clear understanding of these entities, their imaging characteristics, and
      their clinical relevance. The imaging armamentarium available to diagnose these
      diverse conditions is ample, and has evolved from such traditional methods as
      chest radiography, barium esophagography, and angiography to new modalities that
      include echocardiography, multidetector row CT (MDCT), and MR imaging. These
      imaging modalities have added safety, speed, and superb resolution in diagnosis
      and, as in the case of MDCT, provide additional information about the airway and
      lung parenchyma, resulting in a more comprehensive examination with greater
      anatomic coverage. This article reviews the most important congenital thoracic
      vascular anomalies, their embryologic foundation, clinical presentation, and
      imaging characteristics, especially those of MDCT.

PMID- 19995632
TI  - Multidetector computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of cardiac
      surgery patients.
AB  - The expanding imaging capabilities of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)
      have made it an important part of the preoperative assessment of the cardiac
      surgery patient. Ever decreasing imaging times, superior spatial resolution, and
      the 3-dimensional capabilities of MDCT improve diagnosis and enhance surgical
      planning. Understanding the imaging advantages of MDCT enable improved outcomes
      in this important patient population.

PMID- 19995633
TI  - Multidetector CT of solitary pulmonary nodules.
AB  - With the increasing use of multidetector CT, small nodules are being detected
      more often. Although most incidentally discovered nodules are benign, usually the
      sequelae of pulmonary infection and malignancy, either primary or secondary,
      remains an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of solitary
      pulmonary nodules. This article reviews the role of imaging in the detection and
      characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules. Strategies for evaluating and
      managing solitary pulmonary nodules are also discussed.

PMID- 19995634
TI  - MDCT of trachea and main bronchi.
AB  - Tracheobronchial imaging has undergone a major revolution. The improved spatial
      and temporal resolution has introduced newer techniques such as dynamic
      expiratory imaging to evaluate for tracheomalacia. This article describes these
      techniques.

PMID- 19995635
TI  - Volumetric expiratory HRCT of the lung: clinical applications.
AB  - Expiratory high-resolution CT (HRCT) of the chest offers a powerful adjunct to
      inspiratory HRCT in the detection of lung diseases involving the small airways.
      In 2003 a clinical HRCT scan protocol was developed. It has since been used for
      evaluation of diffuse lung disease with suspected airway abnormalities. It
      provides volumetric assessment of the entire thorax at end-inspiration and at end
      expiration, and allows for detailed analysis of the airway and parenchyma. It
      offers a powerful adjunct to inspiratory HRCT in the detection of lung diseases
      involving the small airways. This article explores its clinical applications for
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and sarcoidosis. It
      concludes that standardization of image acquisition and post-processing in CT
      examinations will be necessary for the real application of quantitative data
      derived from volumetric expiratory HRCT to daily clinical medical practice.

PMID- 19995636
TI  - Multidetector CT scan in the evaluation of chest pain of nontraumatic
      musculoskeletal origin.
AB  - Acute nontraumatic chest pain is a common presenting symptom to the emergency
      department. Often, it is evaluated by thin-collimation multidetector computed
      tomography scan (MDCT) using pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, or coronary
      artery protocols. The parameters used for these protocols are very similar to
      those used in protocols for dedicated imaging of the musculoskeletal system. In
      essence, every MDCT of the chest is also a musculoskeletal examination of the
      chest. Familiarity with the MDCT-imaging appearance of common musculoskeletal
      causes of acute nontraumatic chest pain aids in interpretation of the images.
      This article discusses the MDCT appearance of a number of musculoskeletal causes
      of chest pain, including those of infectious, rheumatologic, and systemic causes.

PMID- 19995637
TI  - Thoracic applications of dual energy.
AB  - Recent technological advances in multidetector computed tomography (CT) have led
      to the introduction of dual-source CT, which allows acquisition of CT data at the
      same energy or at 2 distinct tube voltage settings during a single acquisition.
      The advantage of the former is improvement of temporal resolution, whereas the
      latter offers new options for CT imaging, allowing tissue characterization and
      functional analysis with morphologic evaluation. The most investigated
      application has been iodine mapping at pulmonary CT angiography. The material
      decomposition achievable opens up new options for recognizing substances poorly
      characterized by single-energy CT. Although it is too early to draw definitive
      conclusions on dual-energy CT applications, this article reviews the results
      already reported with the first generation of dual-source CT systems.

PMID- 19995638
TI  - The business of oncology 2010: an electronic view.

PMID- 19995639
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: treat with how many modalities?

PMID- 19995640
TI  - Completely regressed cutaneous melanocytic lesion revisited.

PMID- 19995641
TI  - Introduction: women and lung cancer.

PMID- 19995643
TI  - Sex differences in susceptibility to carcinogens.
AB  - Lung cancer has reached epidemic proportions in women, and is now the most common
      cause of cancer death among both men and women in the United States. While
      smoking rates have declined marginally in women, the rising impact of lung cancer
      in women may imply that women are at higher risk from carcinogens secondary to
      underlying factors related to sex. These factors include differences in female
      physiology such as bronchial responsiveness and airway size, sex-based
      differences in nicotine metabolism via the cytochrome p450 system driven by
      hormones, and differences in DNA repair capacity, as well as the evolution of
      cigarettes. These hypotheses will be explored in depth in this article.

PMID- 19995642
TI  - Population-based trends in lung cancer incidence in women.
AB  - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Although
      the rise and growing epidemic status of lung cancer are overwhelmingly attributed
      to tobacco use, its rank in nonsmokers as the seventh most common cause of cancer
      worldwide suggests that other factors contribute to this disease. The majority of
      lung cancers among nonsmokers occur in women. Aside from geographic, cultural,
      and genetic differences, hormonal and possibly infectious factors also may play
      etiologic roles. This review aims to discuss the epidemiology of lung cancer in
      women, as well as the incidence of second primaries, and presents current
      opinions on the myriad of causes.

PMID- 19995645
TI  - Lung cancer outcomes in women.
AB  - Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. Since the
      1970s, there has been evidence for improved survival of women with lung cancer
      compared to men. Multiple analyses have demonstrated a survival advantage in
      women regardless of stage, histology, or treatment. The etiology for the improved
      prognosis is not yet fully elucidated, but is likely related to underlying
      biologic differences, including hormonal interactions. More recently, gender
      differences in response to newer agents such as epidermal growth factor receptor
      inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis agents have been identified. Further exploration
      of tumor molecular, biologic, hormonal, and pharmacogenomic interactions may
      provide additional insight into the observed survival benefit for women and,
      ultimately, permit exploitation of these differences in our treatment selection
      for both women and men.

PMID- 19995644
TI  - Estrogen receptor signaling in lung cancer.
AB  - Lung cancer has long been thought of as a cancer that mainly affects men, but
      over the past several decades, because of the high increase in tobacco use by
      women, there has been a corresponding dramatic increase in lung cancer among
      women. Since 1998, lung cancer deaths in women have surpassed those caused by
      breast cancer in the United States. Annual lung cancer deaths among US women
      currently surpass those caused by breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers combined.
      Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and small cell
      carcinoma of the lung compared to squamous cell carcinoma, and never-smokers
      diagnosed with lung cancer are almost three times more likely to be female than
      male. These observations in the population, coupled to the findings that both
      estrogen receptors (ERs) and aromatase, the enzyme that synthesizes 17beta
      estradiol, are expressed by lung tumors, suggest a role for female steroid
      hormones in control of lung cancer growth. Preclinical data and clinical data are
      increasingly emerging to support this concept, and to suggest that a local
      production of estrogen and expression of ERs occurs in lung tumors that arise in
      men as well as in women. An additional protein that recognizes 17beta-estradiol
      with high affinity, GPR30, also is expressed in lung tumors at high levels and
      may be responsible for some of the proliferation signals induced by estrogen.

PMID- 19995646
TI  - Human papilloma virus and female lung adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women worldwide, and
      adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype among non-smoking women.
      Previous studies showed that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may relate to
      the tumorigenesis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Women with anogenital malignancy
      have a higher risk of lung cancer, which raises the possibility of HPV
      transmission from the cervix to the lung. Two postulated pathways are discussed
      in this work. First, HPV may infect the female cervix and then move to the lung
      by blood circulation. The second transmission route is the HPV infection of oral
      cavity resulting from dangerous sexual contacts, and subsequently transmitted to
      the lung. This chapter also reviews the techniques for detecting the existence,
      subtypes, and viral load of HPV. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the
      causal inference between HPV infection and the risk of female lung
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 19995647
TI  - Differential expression of biomarkers in men and women.
AB  - Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. While historically,
      more men than women have died from lung cancer as a result of higher numbers of
      male smokers, the sex mortality ratio is now showing signs of narrowing. Tumors
      in women with lung cancer may be slightly different to those in men with lung
      cancer. This review focuses on biomarkers differentially expressed between female
      and male patients with lung cancer. There is variation in gene expression between
      men and women in some genes that encode carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1,
      GSTM). Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a bombesin-like peptide, is present in
      two actively transcribed alleles in women compared with men. Higher prevalence of
      infection with oncogenic variants human papilloma viruses (HPVs) HPV16 and HPV18
      has been suggested in women. A higher frequency of G to T transversion was found
      in the p53 gene in lung tumors of women. KRAS mutation was found to be more
      frequent in women with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than in men
      with resected NSCLC. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is more
      frequently found in lung tumors from women, but the confounding effect of tobacco
      exposure may explain this difference. Lower levels of ERCC1 and BRCA1 have been
      reported in women with NSCLC. Lung tumors from women are more likely to express
      estrogen receptors than those from men. An in silico analysis of transcriptome
      datasets from lung cancer patients demonstrated that only seven genes (in at
      least two studies) had significantly different expression patterns in male versus
      female patients. All of these genes are localized on the sex chromosomes: one on
      chromosome X and six on chromosome Y. Many areas remain under debate and there
      are still significant gaps in our understanding, particularly how sex-linked
      factors relate to lung cancer risk, and to biological and clinical behaviors.
      Future research into lung cancer needs to address these gender differences more
      specifically.

PMID- 19995648
TI  - Menopausal hormone therapy, hormone receptor status, and lung cancer in women.
AB  - Gender differences in lung cancer incidence and outcome suggest a potential role
      for reproductive hormones. However, observational studies regarding menopausal
      hormone therapy use and lung cancer have given mixed results. Some have
      associated hormone therapy use with increased lung cancer risk, while others have
      shown no effect or found lower lung cancer risk in hormone therapy users. Against
      this background the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized controlled trial
      evaluating conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)
      in postmenopausal women identified an increase in malignancies in the hormone
      therapy group during the post intervention period. Post hoc analyses identified a
      statistically significant increase in deaths from lung cancer for women in the
      hormone group largely related to effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
      The NSCLCs were more commonly poorly differentiated and were diagnosed at a
      metastatic stage, suggesting a hormone effect on already established lung cancer
      growth. Ongoing preclinical and clinical analyses have identified estrogen
      receptors in the nucleus and cytoplasm of lung tissue and lung cancers. More
      recently, intriguing associations among estrogen receptor expression, lung cancer
      histology, clinical prognosis, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
      mutations have been reported. The WHI clinical findings should be integrated into
      risk-benefit discussion with women considering combined hormone therapy use. In
      addition, the findings, together with ongoing studies evaluating estrogen
      receptor status and function, support further efforts to develop lung cancer
      intervention strategies targeting estrogen receptor expression.

PMID- 19995649
TI  - Gender-associated differences in lung cancer: clinical characteristics and
      treatment outcomes in women.
AB  - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. In recent
      years the incidence of lung cancer in men has been declining, while in women it
      has been increasing. A number of population-based studies have demonstrated
      gender-based differences in clinical and pathologic factors, as well as in
      survival related to lung cancer. Disparities in age, smoking practices, and
      histological subtypes are among the differences that have been identified. Gender
      disparity also has been observed in outcomes, with improved survival observed for
      women in a number of clinical trials. This article reviews the gender-related
      differences in clinical and pathologic factors and outcomes of patients with lung
      cancer observed in population-based studies and clinical trials.

PMID- 19995650
TI  - [Humoral and cellular autoimmunity: from physiology to pathology].
AB  - The recognition of self is a normal function of the immune system. A
      dysregulation of the tight control of auto-reactive lymphocytes in physiological
      conditions sometimes leads to the development of auto-immune diseases. Several
      recent elements bring new insights in the functioning of the immune system. Thus,
      the discovery of BAFF and APRIL and their receptors allow us to better understand
      the homeostasis and activation of B lymphocytes. The description of a new helper
      lineage, characterized by the secretion of IL-17 modifies the etiologic scheme of
      auto-immune diseases. Lastly, regulatory T lymphocytes play a major role in
      controlling auto-reactive lymphocytes and may participate in the genesis of auto
      immune diseases. The emergence of these new data enables us to better understand
      the pathological mechanisms of complex auto-immunes diseases. However, further
      studies are necessary in order to specify the role of each one of these factors.
      This will enable a better targeting of treatments in order to improve the
      management of patients.

PMID- 19995651
TI  - [Indications and mechanisms of action of the intravenous immunoglobulines in the
      systemic autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies].
AB  - Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are therapeutic preparations of normal human
      IgG obtained from pools of more than 1000 healthy blood donors. Initially used
      for the treatment of immunodeficiencies, IVIg have increasingly been used as
      immunomodulatory agent in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Several
      mechanisms of action have been described during the last 25 years, including :
      (i) modulation of Fcgamma receptors expression on leukocytes and endothelial
      cells ; (ii) interaction with complement proteins ; (iii) modulation of cytokines
      and chemiokines synthesis and release ; (iv) modulation of cell proliferation and
      apoptosis ; (v) remyelinisation ; (vi) neutralisation of circulating antibodies ;
      (vii) selection of immune repertoires and (viii) interaction with other cell
      surface molecules on lymphocytes and monocytes. We here discuss the recent
      advances in the understanding of immunoregulatory effects of IVIg, and we point
      out the need of new strategies to overcome the predicted increasing worldwide
      shortage of IVIg.

PMID- 19995652
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus: from pathophysiology to treatment].
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with
      multiorgan involvement characterized by an immune response against nuclear
      components. SLE patients experience a waxing and waning disease course and
      exhibit a wide array of clinical manifestations, reflecting the systemic nature
      of the disease. Environmental triggers such as viruses are likely to act in the
      context of susceptibility genes, including genes involved in antigen/immune
      complex clearance, lymphoid signalling, or apoptosis, among several others,
      explaining why the pathogenesis of this disease remains largely uncovered. The
      abnormal activation of the innate immunity is central to SLE physiopathology.
      Dendritic cells activation and unabated secretion of IFN-alpha are the key
      features of the disease through their involvement in the capture and the
      presentation of nuclear material to the autoreactive adaptive arm (T and B
      lymphocytes) leading to the subsequent production of anti-nuclear autoantibodies.
      In this line, numerous studies have demonstrated the prominent role of immune
      complexes deposition throughout the body which directly can induce inflammation
      and tissue damage. However, animal models and recent human studies support the
      concept that other effector pathways including cytotoxic T-lymphocytes could be
      involved in SLE pathogenesis through their ability to migrate and/or target
      specifically different tissues. The aim of this review is not to provide a
      comprehensive review of the SLE pathophysiology but rather to give an overview of
      the immunological abnormalities associated to SLE. The treatments that are
      currently used or that are in development to fight against abnormal immune
      response in SLE will be detailed. The genetics of SLE is not the scope of this
      review.

PMID- 19995653
TI  - [Cystic pulmonary malformations: clinical and radiological polymorphism. A report
      on 30 cases].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This report describes different clinical pictures of cystic pulmonary
      malformation (CPM) and problems in diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cases of CPM
      between 01 January 1994 and 31 December 2004 diagnosed in our institution were
      reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases of CPM were diagnosed in 30 children. They
      consisted of 17 boys and 13 girls ranging from 20 days to 16 years of age at the
      time of the diagnosis. The CPM included: 17 cases of congenital lobar emphysema
      (CLE), seven bronchogenic cysts (BC), five cystic adenomatoid malformations (CAM)
      and four pulmonary sequestrations (PS). Three patients presented two associated
      lung malformations. The mean ages at the time of diagnosis varied from 2 to 88
      months. The symptoms consisted of respiratory distress (n=14, 46.6%); recurrent
      attacks of respiratory embarrassment (n=6, 20%); pulmonary infection (n=8, 26.6%)
      associated with haemoptysis in two cases; haemothorax (n=1) and a chance
      discovery (n=1). Radiological investigations led to the diagnosis in all cases of
      CLE and CAM although it contributed less to the diagnosis of BC and PS. Twenty
      nine patients required chirurgical treatment involving lobectomy (n=22),
      pneumonectomy (n=2) and cystectomy (n=8). The histopathological examinations
      confirmed the diagnosis in all cases and rectified the preoperative diagnosis in
      four cases. Except for one patient with CLE, who died a few days after a
      lobectomy due to acute nosocomial pneumonia, the postoperative period was
      uneventful in 26 children with a mean of follow-up of 24 months (4 months to 7
      years). Three patients developed transient and episodic attacks of dyspnoea.
      CONCLUSION: CPM may be responsible for many clinical and radiological pictures
      that present difficulties in their diagnosis. Polymorphism is related to the type
      of malformation, its topography and the evolutive complications.

PMID- 19995654
TI  - [Comparison between PET(-FDG) and computed tomography in the staging of lung
      cancer. Consequences for operability in 94 patients].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer, a major application of FDG/PET-CT, has recently been
      introduced in daily practice in France. The authors retrospectively studied its
      impact on the management of this disease. METHODS: The results of PET-CT and
      conventional assessment (brain imaging, chest and abdominal CT and possibly bone
      scintigraphy) were compared in 94 patients, referred for the staging of non-small
      cell lung cancer, or the assessment of a solitary lung lesion. The impact of
      thoracic lymph node involvement on the operability of patients was studied in 44
      patients. RESULTS: PET-CT revealed metastases in 20% of the patients without
      metastases found by conventional imaging and modified the stage of the disease in
      28% of the cases. It changed the indication of surgical treatment in 19% of the
      cases and led to induction chemotherapy in two patients. In addition, two
      synchronous cancers were discovered. Regarding lymph node involvement, PET-CT
      remains of diagnostic value regardless of the scanner results. CONCLUSION: The
      impact of PET-CT in assessing non-small cell lung cancer was confirmed in the
      authors' practice. Its interest and the consequences in some patients
      misclassified with conventional assessment have been demonstrated.

PMID- 19995655
TI  - [A new case of pleural small cell carcinoma].
AB  - Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is commonly of pulmonary origin. Pleural small cell
      carcinoma is a very uncommon feature. We report here a case of small cell
      carcinoma of the pleura in a 36 year old man. The diagnosis of primary disease
      SCC of the pleura was established by transparietal pleural biopsy in absence of
      any mediastino-pulmonary or extrathoracic other lesions that could be the primary
      tumor. The treatment was based on chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. The
      patient died four months in spite of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Extrapulmonary small
      cell carcinoma is a rare entity. Immunohistochemistry study is very useful for
      the diagnosis. The prognosis seems to be worse than the small cell lung cancer.

PMID- 19995656
TI  - [Interstitial pneumonia complicating amyopathic dermatomyositis: a case report].
AB  - Amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM) is a clinical subtype of dermatomyositis,
      characterized by the absence of motor weakness and the presence of normal muscle
      enzyme levels. ADM is sometimes accompanied by neoplasm or interstitial pneumonia
      that shows a rapid progressive course both of them are associated with a poor
      prognosis. A 56-year-old woman with no medical history was referred to the
      department of medicine because of arthralgia with a remarkable weight loss. She
      also complained of rapidly progressive dyspnea, cough and photosensitivity.
      Physical examination on admission showed scaly erythema on the dorsum of the
      hands (Gottron sign) and periorbital edema with a purplish appearance
      (heliotropic rash), arthritis, but no muscle weakness. Auscultation of the chest
      identified audible fine crackles on the lower aspects of both lungs. Results of
      laboratory findings on admission revealed a lymphopenia. The serum creatine
      kinase and serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration were normal. IRM muscle and
      electromyography were normal. Antinuclear antibody was positive 1:80 and anti-Jo
      1 antibody and other autoantibodies to specific antigens were all negative. High
      resolution computed tomographic chest scans also revealed diffuse ground-glass
      opacities in both lungs with basilar predominance. Arterial blood gas analysis
      revealed hypoxia and hypocapnia. LBA was not performed because of the
      deterioration of respiratory symptoms. There was no neoplasm associated. The
      diagnosis of ADM complicated with ADM rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia
      was made. Despite of IV methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1g*day-1 for 3 days)
      and cyclophosphamide, she died by respiratory failure.

PMID- 19995657
TI  - [Hydatid cyst of the chest wall mimicking metastatic colon cancer].
AB  - Chest wall hydatidosis, rare even in the endemic countries, represents 0.09 to
      0.3 % of all cases of thoracic echinococcosis. The authors report the case of a
      76 year-old man presenting a chest wall mass 4 years after surgery for colic
      carcinoma. The mass presented both hypoechoic and hyperechoic structures in the
      ultrasound chest echography. Therefore, metastastic colon cancer was suspected.
      The pathological study of the mass revealed hydatid membranes. Thoracic
      tomodensitometry supported the diagnosis of costovertebral and soft tissue
      hydatid cysts. The patient underwent the surgical resection of two rib arches, a
      transverse apophysis and the neighbouring soft tissue associated with pre- and
      post-surgical albendazole. No clinical manifestations were noted in the follow-up
      after 1 year.

PMID- 19995658
TI  - [Severe systemic lupus erythematosus induced by isoniazide].
AB  - The authors report a rare case of low register systemic lupus erythematosus with
      renal attack and neurological armature by isoniazid. The patient was a 23-year
      old woman presenting a lupus induced by isoniazid 1 month after the treatment of
      pleural tuberculosis. Antinuclear antibodies, anti-native DNA, anti-ENA, anti-Sm,
      anti-SSa, anti-SSb and antihistone were present. The symptoms included
      arthralgia, fever, anaemia, pleural effusion, pericarditis and anasarca. She
      presented a renal and neurological attack, accounting for the gravity of the
      disease. The treatment consisted of the interruption of the isoniazid and a bolus
      of methyl-prednisolone during 3 days relayed by an oral corticosteroid. The
      evolution was favourable after 8 months of corticosteroids.

PMID- 19995659
TI  - [Acute dyspnoea and rare endobronchial tumour].

PMID- 19995660
TI  - [The narghile and its effects on health. Part I: the narghile, general
      description and properties].
AB  - A narghile is a water-pipe used to smoke a tobacco preparation. As the smoker
      inhales, the tobacco smoke is sucked down from the bowl and then bubbles up
      through the water into the air of the smoke chamber and then through the hose to
      the smoker. Its origins are mysterious and controversial. Nevertheless it
      remains, under different names, an object used regularly by more than one hundred
      million people in the world. Since the eighties and especially nineties, its
      consumption has grown significantly and is now considered to be a worldwide
      epidemic. However, the knowledge about the effects of narghile smoke on health is
      partial and sometimes contradictory. Indeed, we are witnessing increasing
      confusion in biomedical studies and scientific debate about its health impact is
      unresolved. Given this situation, revealing a serious and profound lack of
      information about the real nature and toxicity of hookah smoke, the authors
      conducted this two-part study. The first part presents epidemiological data,
      describes the narghile and the different types of narghile tobacco and exposes
      the composition of narghile smoke. The second part highlights the lack of
      reliable data about the detrimental effects of the narghile pipe on health and
      especially on the cardiopulmonary function.

PMID- 19995661
TI  - [Biostatistics with Excel software or similar].
AB  - Many practitioners, especially young ones, find biostatistical analysis
      fastidious. However, there is a very usual tool for most basic calculations:
      Excel((c)) and similar software. This article proposes to help the reader, step
      by step, carry out many statistical functions. Although this paper does not avoid
      the advice of a specialist, it lets the reader become familiar with the rules of
      basic statistics and calculus.

PMID- 19995662
TI  - [Project for an international teaching programme for physical rehabilitation
      medicine trainees, coordinated by the French Association of Academic Physiatrists
      (Cofemer), in cooperation with the other French national PRM associations
      (Sofemer, Syfmer and Fedmer) and the journal annals of PRM].

PMID- 19995663
TI  - Both epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived chondrocytes contribute
      to the survival of tissue-engineered airway transplants in pigs.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the relative contributions of epithelial cells
      and mesenchymal stem cell-derived chondrocytes to the survival of tissue
      engineered airway transplants in pigs. METHODS: Nonimmunogenic tracheal matrices
      were obtained by using a detergent-enzymatic method. Major histocompatibility
      complex-unmatched animals (weighing 65 +/- 4 kg) were divided into 4 groups (each
      n = 5), and 6 cm of their tracheas were orthotopically replaced with
      decellularized matrix only (group I), decellularized matrix with autologous
      mesenchymal stem cell-derived chondrocytes externally (group II), decellularized
      matrix with autologous epithelial cells internally (group III), or decellularized
      matrix with both cell types (group IV). Autologous cells were recovered,
      cultured, and expanded. Mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into
      chondrocytes by using growth factors. Both cell types were seeded simultaneously
      with a dual-chamber bioreactor. Animals were not immunosuppressed during the
      entire study. Biopsy specimens and blood samples were taken from recipients
      continuously, and animals were observed for a maximum of 60 days. RESULTS:
      Matrices were completely covered with both cell types within 72 hours. Survival
      of the pigs was significantly affected by group (P < .05; group I, 11 +/- 2 days;
      group II, 29 +/- 4 days; group III, 34 +/- 4 days; and group IV, 60 +/- 1 days).
      Cause of death was a combination of airway obstruction and infection (group I),
      mainly infection (group II), or primarily stenosis (group III). However, pigs in
      group IV were alive, with no signs of airway collapse or ischemia and healthy
      epithelium. There were no clinical, immunologic, or histologic signs of rejection
      despite the lack of immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the clinical
      potential of autologous cell- and tissue-engineered tracheal grafts, and suggest
      that the seeding of both epithelial and mesenchymal stem cell-derived
      chondrocytes is necessary for optimal graft survival.

PMID- 19995665
TI  - Optimal preparation and purification of PRD1-like bacteriophages for use in
      environmental fate and transport studies.
AB  - Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses with unique characteristics that make them
      excellent surrogates for mammalian pathogenic viruses in environmental studies.
      Simple and reliable methodologies for isolation, detection, characterization and
      enumeration of somatic and F-specific bacteriophage are available in the
      literature. Limited information or methods are available for producing high-titer
      purified phage suspensions for studying microbial transport and survival in
      natural and engineered environments. This deficiency arises because most research
      on the production of high-titer phage suspensions was completed over half a
      century ago and more recent advances on these methods have not been compiled in a
      single publication. We present a review of the available methods and new data on
      the propagation, concentration and purification of two bacteriophage host systems
      (somatic PRD1/Salmonella thyphimurium and F-specific PR772/Escherichia coli) that
      are commonly utilized in laboratory and field-scale assessments of subsurface
      microbial transport and survival. The focus of the present study is to recommend
      the approach(es) that will ensure maximum bacteriophage yields while optimizing
      suspension purification (i.e. avoiding modification of surface charge of the
      phage capsids and/or inadvertent introduction of dissolved organic matter to the
      study system).

PMID- 19995666
TI  - Biomarker responses and contamination levels in crabs (Carcinus aestuarii) from
      the Lagoon of Venice: An integrated approach in biomonitoring estuarine
      environments.
AB  - An integrated biological-chemical approach is necessary to evaluate correctly the
      environmental status of bodies of water, as suggested by the EU Water Framework
      Directive. The shore crab Carcinus aestuarii, sampled in the Lagoon of Venice (NE
      Italy), was used as a biomonitor species, and the chemical concentrations of 42
      organic pollutants (HCHs, PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs), biological responses related
      to neurotoxicity (AChE inhibition), detoxification mechanisms (CYP450 induction)
      and endocrine alterations (vitellogenin-like protein induction) were measured at
      the same time. The responsiveness of biomarkers as predictors (or descriptors) of
      chemical contamination was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis,
      revealing good predictor potential for the selected biomarkers. Biomonitoring in
      the Lagoon of Venice revealed a predominance of DDT and PCB compounds, especially
      near industrial sites or large cities. Endocrine alterations, not always
      correlated with the presence of measured compounds, were also detected in many
      areas, suggesting exposure to compounds able to interfere with the crab endocrine
      system.

PMID- 19995667
TI  - Enhanced removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from alfalfa rhizosphere soil in a
      field study: the impact of a rhizobial inoculum.
AB  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent pollutants in soil environments
      where they continue to present considerable human health risks. Successful
      strategies to remediate contaminated soils are needed that are effective and of
      low cost. Bioremediation approaches that include the use of plants and microbial
      communities to promote degradation of PCB have significant potential but need
      further assessment under field conditions. The effects of growth of alfalfa
      (Medicago sativa L.) and inoculation with a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium
      (Rhizobium meliloti) on the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from
      rhizosphere soil were evaluated in a field experiment. The initial PCB content of
      the soil ranged from 414 to 498 microg kg(-)(1). PCB removal for the rhizosphere
      soil was enhanced in the planted treatments, an average of 36% decrease in PCB
      levels compared to a 5.4% decrease in the unplanted soil, and further enhanced
      when plants were inoculated with the symbiotic Rhizobium (an average of 43%
      decrease) when evaluated at 90 days after planting. Plant biomass production was
      higher in the inoculated treatment. The total PCB content was increased from 3.30
      microg kg(-)(1) to 26.72 microg kg(-)(1) in plant shoots, and from 115.07 microg
      kg(-)(1) to 142.23 microg kg(-)(1) in roots in the inoculated treatment compared
      to the planted treatment. Increased colony forming units (cfu) of total
      heterotrophic bacteria, biphenyl-degrading bacteria and fungi were observed in
      the rhizosphere of inoculated plants. PCB removal from the rhizosphere soil was
      not significantly correlated with the direct PCB uptake by the plants in any of
      the treatments but was significantly correlated with the stimulation of
      rhizosphere microflora. Changes in the soil microbial community structure in the
      planted and inoculated treatment were observed by profiling of bacterial
      ribosomal sequences. Some bacteria, such as Flavobacterium sp., may have
      contributed to the effective degradation of PCB and deserve further
      investigation.

PMID- 19995668
TI  - Deep magnetic capture of magnetically loaded cells for spatially targeted
      therapeutics.
AB  - Magnetic targeting has recently demonstrated potential in promoting magnetically
      loaded cell delivery to target lesion, but its application is limited by magnetic
      attenuation. For deep magnetic capture of cells for spatial targeting
      therapeutics, we designed a magnetic pole, in which the magnetic field density
      can be focused at a distance from the pole. As flowing through a tube served as a
      model of blood vessels, the magnetically loaded mesenchymal stem cells (MagMSCs)
      were highly enriched at the site distance from the magnetic pole. The cell
      capture efficiency was positively influenced by the magnetic flux density, and
      inversely influenced by the flow velocity, and well-fitted with the deductive
      value by theoretical considerations. It appeared to us that the spatially-focused
      property of the magnetic apparatus promises a new deep targeting strategy to
      promote homing and engraftment for cellular therapy.

PMID- 19995669
TI  - The regulation of tendon stem cell differentiation by the alignment of
      nanofibers.
AB  - Tendon is a specific connective tissue composed of parallel collagen fibers. The
      effect of this tissue-specific matrix orientation on stem cell differentiation
      has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine the effects of
      nanotopography on the differentiation of human tendon stem/progenitor cells
      (hTSPCs) and develop a biomimetic scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. The
      immuno-phenotype of fetal hTSPCs was identified by flow cytometry. The
      multipotency of hTSPCs toward osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis was
      confirmed. Then, the hTSPCs were seeded onto aligned or randomly-oriented poly (l
      lactic acid) nanofibers. Scanning electron micrographs showed that hTSPCs were
      spindle-shaped and well orientated on the aligned nanofibers. The expression of
      tendon-specific genes was significantly higher in hTSPCs growing on aligned
      nanofibers than those on randomly-oriented nanofibers in both normal and
      osteogenic media. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red
      staining showed that the randomly-oriented fibrous scaffold induced osteogenesis,
      while the aligned scaffold hindered the process. Moreover, aligned cells
      expressed significantly higher levels of integrin alpha1, alpha5 and beta1
      subunits, and myosin II B. In in vivo experiments, the aligned nanofibers induced
      the formation of spindle-shaped cells and tendon-like tissue. In conclusion, the
      aligned electrospun nanofiber structure provides an instructive microenvironment
      for hTSPC differentiation and may lead to the development of desirable engineered
      tendons.

PMID- 19995670
TI  - Preliminary effects of bupropion and the promoter region (HTTLPR) serotonin
      transporter (SLC6A4) polymorphism on smoking behavior in schizophrenia.
AB  - In the current study, we investigated how individual variants in the serotonin
      promoter gene, previously associated with smoking cessation and linked to anxiety
      related personality traits, were associated with individual differences in
      responsiveness to bupropion and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a clinical
      population. We hypothesize that subjects with the long allele may be less
      responsive to treatment. Altogether 61 schizophrenic patients (46 M, 15 F) on
      stable neuroleptic medication were initially enrolled in a smoking reduction
      program (prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled) including cognitive
      behavioral therapy plus placebo or CBT plus bupropion. Additionally, subjects
      were genotyped for a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4). Thirty
      two subjects (23 M, 9 F) completed a 14-week course of treatment. While both
      groups of subjects demonstrated significant reductions in smoking behavior due to
      CBT, subjects receiving bupropion did not show significant differences in smoking
      behavior when compared to placebo. In addition, analysis by SPSS repeated
      measures multivariate showed a significant sex by SLC6A4 genotype interaction on
      the number of cigarettes smoked. Only male subjects with at least one short
      promoter region allele (short/short and short/long combined) showed a reduction
      in cigarette consumption as a result of treatment. This study provides
      preliminary evidence of how polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter can be
      informative in predicting individual responses to smoking reduction therapy.

PMID- 19995671
TI  - Are GRIK3 (T928G) gene variants in schizophrenia patients different from those in
      their first-degree relatives?
AB  - We examined whether the GRIK3 (T928G) polymorphic variants in patients with
      schizophrenia are different from those of their first-degree relatives and
      healthy controls. The study population was composed of 256 patients with
      schizophrenia, 305 first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and 242
      healthy control subjects. The GRIK3 (T928G) polymorphism was determined by
      restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequency of the TT genotype was
      predominant, whereas the GG genotype was rare among all groups. The frequencies
      of GRIK3 (T928G) genotype distributions in the patients with schizophrenia were
      similar to those of their relatives. The frequency of the GG genotype was
      significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls. Similarly, GG genotype
      distribution in relatives was elevated compared with that in controls, but this
      value did not reach statistical significance. On the other hand, the subgroups of
      schizophrenia patients did not show a significant association with the GRIK3
      (T928G) gene. It appears that the patients share the same (GRIK3) T928G gene
      variants with their relatives. One interpretation of our findings is that the
      relatives are at risk for the development of schizophrenia in the future.

PMID- 19995672
TI  - Red cell distribution width and acute coronary syndromes.
AB  - It is well known that red cell distribution width (RDW) levels are affected by
      various clinical manifestations such as iron deficiency, thrombocytopenia, and
      inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the authors investigated to examine
      the prognostic significance of various plasma biomarkers in patients with known
      or suspected coronary artery disease. However, they only measured hemoglobin
      levels. They did not measure other factors including iron, vitamin B12, folate,
      and platelet count. In this study, because of all these causes, high RDW levels
      are unavailable as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with acute
      coronary syndromes.

PMID- 19995673
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of derivatives of the marine quinone avarone.
AB  - Nine alkyl(aryl)thio derivatives of the marine sesquiterpene quinone avarone were
      synthesized by nucleophilic addition of thiols or thiophenol to avarone. In most
      cases only one regioisomer was obtained. Their cytotoxic activities, brine shrimp
      lethality and antibacterial activity were evaluated, as well as those of some
      previously synthesized avarone derivatives. Anti-HIV activity of two derivatives
      was tested. Electrochemical properties were determined for all the derivatives in
      order to obtain more accurate information on structure-activity relationships.
      Most derivatives showed cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines, with IC(50)
      values less than 10 microM for some of them, in particular those with electron
      donating substituents. The most active compound was 4'-(methylamino)avarone, with
      IC(50) value of 2.4 microM to melanoma Fem-X cells, and no cytotoxicity to normal
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 19995674
TI  - P2'-truncated BACE-1 inhibitors with a novel hydroxethylene-like core.
AB  - Highly potent BACE-1 protease inhibitors derived from a novel hydroxyethylene
      like core structure were recently developed by our group using X-ray crystal
      structure data and molecular modelling. In a continuation of this work guided by
      molecular modelling we have explored a truncated core motif where the P2' amide
      group is replaced by an ether linkage resulting in a set of alkoxy, aryloxy and
      alkylaryl groups, with the overall aim to reduce molecular weight and the number
      of amide bonds to increase permeability and bestow the inhibitors with drug-like
      features. The most potent of these inhibitors displayed a BACE-1 IC(50) value of
      140 nM. The synthesis of these BACE-1 inhibitors utilizes readily available
      starting materials, furnishing the target compounds in good overall yields.

PMID- 19995675
TI  - Fatigue in gynecological cancer patients during and after anticancer treatment.
AB  - CONTEXT: Research has indicated that individuals with gynecological cancer
      experience severe fatigue. OBJECTIVES: This longitudinal survey aimed to analyze
      the fatigue experienced over the course of one year by a gynecological cancer
      population, to determine if the fatigue was more severe than that reported by
      females without cancer, and to identify variables associated with cancer-related
      fatigue (CRF). METHODS: Data were collected over a 12-month period before,
      during, and after anticancer treatment. Fatigue was assessed using the
      Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form. Participants with cancer
      also completed the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist. RESULTS: Sixty-five cancer
      patients (mean age = 57.4 years, standard deviation [SD] = 13.9) and 60 control
      subjects (mean age = 55.4 years, SD = 13.6) participated. Descriptive analysis
      and repeated measurements modeling indicated that the cancer participants
      reported worse fatigue than the noncancer individuals before, during, and after
      anticancer treatment (P < 0.001) and that the level of fatigue in persons with
      cancer changed with time (P = 0.02). A forward stepwise regression demonstrated
      that psychological distress level was the only independent predictor of CRF
      during anticancer treatment (P < 0.00), explaining 44% of the variance in
      fatigue. After treatment, both psychological distress level (P < 0.00) and
      physical symptom distress (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of fatigue,
      accounting for 81% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Psychological distress level is
      an important indicator of CRF in gynecological cancer. Interventions focused on
      the reduction of psychological distress may help alleviate CRF.

PMID- 19995676
TI  - Expectations, validity, and reality in pharmacogenetics.
AB  - In this review, we discuss the potential expectations, validity, predictive
      ability, and reality of pharmacogenetics in (1) titration of medication dose, (2)
      prediction of intended (efficacy) drug response, and (3) dose prediction of
      unintended (adverse) drug response. We expound on what these potential genetic
      predictors tell us and, more importantly, what they cannot tell us. Although
      pharmacogenetic markers have been hailed as promising tools, these proclamations
      are based mainly on associations rather than their evaluation as predictors. To
      put the expectations of the promise of pharmacogenetics in a realistic
      perspective, we review three examples. First, warfarin pharmacogenetics, wherein
      although the validity of the genetic variant dose is established and there is a
      validity of genetic variant-hemorrhage association, the clinical utility of
      testing is not clear. Second, the strong and clinically relevant HLA-Stevens
      Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis association highlights the role of
      ethnicity. Third, the influence of CYP2D6 on tamoxifen efficacy, a model
      candidate with potential clinical utility but unclear validity. These examples
      highlight both the challenges and opportunities of pharmacogenomics. First,
      establishing a valid association between a genetic variation and drug response;
      second, doing so for a clinically meaningful outcome; and third, providing solid
      evidence or rationale for improvement in patient outcomes compared with current
      standard of care.

PMID- 19995678
TI  - The immune effects of naturally occurring and synthetic nanoparticles.
AB  - Ultrafine particles and engineered nanoparticles have unique aerodynamic and
      biochemical properties that affect the immune system and human health in ways
      that are different from or exceed those seen with gases or larger particulates.
      These effects result from a unique set of physical characteristics and surface
      moieties, which generate an ability of UFPs to enter tissues and cells, interact
      with proteins and DNA at a molecular level and directly and indirectly modulate
      the immune system by novel mechanisms. In recent years, a new field known as
      nanotechnology has impacted multiple industries by taking advantage of the
      special qualities of these small "atomic-sized" particles. Nanomedicine has
      already opened up a new avenue of research in cancer therapy, drug delivery and
      immune regulation. While the benefits of this new science to human civilization
      are seemingly immeasurable, it is also important to appreciate that these
      particles can also lead to harmful effects on human health. In vitro and animal
      studies are showing that nanoparticles and UFPs are capable of activating
      proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, with recruitment of
      inflammatory cells including basophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells,
      neutrophils and eosinophils. These changes may have an impact on immune defense,
      but also on the Th1/Th2 balance, and even on non-immunologic function. Resulting
      immune system derangement can lead to increases in incidence of autoimmune,
      allergic and even neoplastic diseases. Cardiorespiratory effects have been
      observed to occur in humans. Much further research is needed to establish safe
      exposure levels for this important new class of particulates.

PMID- 19995679
TI  - Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in wound healing: force generation and
      measurement.
AB  - Fibroblasts are one of the most abundant cell types in connective tissues. These
      cells are responsible for tissue homeostasis under normal physiological
      conditions. When tissues are injured, fibroblasts become activated and
      differentiate into myofibroblasts, which generate large contractions and actively
      produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to facilitate wound closure. Both
      fibroblasts and myofibroblasts play a critical role in wound healing by
      generating traction and contractile forces, respectively, to enhance wound
      contraction. This review focuses on the mechanisms of force generation in
      fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and techniques for measuring such cellular forces.
      Such a topic was chosen specifically because of the dual effects that
      fibroblasts/myofibroblasts have in wound healing process- a suitable amount of
      force generation and matrix deposition is beneficial for wound healing; excessive
      force and matrix production, however, result in tissue scarring and even
      malfunction of repaired tissues. Therefore, understanding how forces are
      generated in these cells and knowing exactly how much force they produce may
      guide the development of optimal protocols for more effective treatment of tissue
      wounds in clinical settings.

PMID- 19995680
TI  - Treatment of whole blood (WB) and red blood cells (RBC) with S-303 inactivates
      pathogens and retains in vitro quality of stored RBC.
AB  - A pathogen inactivation (PI) process has been developed using the frangible
      anchor linker effector (FRALE) compound S-303. A series of experiments were
      performed in whole blood (WB) to measure the level of viral and bacterial
      inactivation. The results showed that 0.2mM S-303 and 2mM glutathione (GSH)
      inactivated >6.5 logs of HIV, >5.7 logs of Bluetongue virus, >7.0 logs of
      Yersinia enterocolitica, 4.2 logs of Serratia marcescens, and 7.5 logs of
      Staphylococcus epidermidis. Recent development for S-303 is focused on
      optimization of the PI process for red blood cell concentrates (RBC). A series of
      studies in RBC showed that 0.2mM S-303 and 20mM GSH inactivated approximately 5
      logs or greater of Y. enterocolitica, E. coli, S. marcescens, S. aureus, HIV,
      bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bluetongue virus and human adenovirus 5. In both
      applications of the S-303 process, in vitro parameters of RBC function and
      physiology were retained compared to conventional RBC. Results from these studies
      indicate that S-303 can be applicable for PI of RBC and WB.

PMID- 19995681
TI  - Different scapular kinematics in healthy subjects during arm elevation and
      lowering: glenohumeral and scapulothoracic patterns.
AB  - HYPOTHESIS: The scapulothoracic (ST) joint affects glenohumeral (GH) joint
      function. We observed 3-dimensional scapular motions during arm elevation and
      lowering to identify the scapulohumeral rhythm in healthy subjects and to compare
      it between the dominant and nondominant arms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one
      healthy subjects participated in this study. Participants randomly elevated and
      lowered the arms in the scapular plane, and data were recorded by a computerized
      3-dimensional motion analyzer at each 10 degrees increment. RESULTS: Of the 42
      shoulders, 21 showed a greater ratio of GH motion relative to ST motion whereas
      the other 21 showed a smaller ratio of GH motion relative to ST motion. The angle
      of upward rotation of the scapula showed a statistically significant difference
      between both types. The mean maximum angles of upward rotation, posterior
      tilting, and internal rotation were 36.2 degrees +/- 7.0 degrees , 38.7 degrees
      +/- 5.7 degrees , and 36.8 degrees +/- 12.2 degrees , respectively. No
      significant difference was found in angles of 3 scapular rotations between the
      dominant and nondominant arms. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that there are
      2 distinctly different scapulohumeral rhythms in healthy subjects but without a
      significant difference between dominant and nondominant arms. These findings
      should be referred to when one is interpreting kinematics in a variety of
      shoulder disorders.

PMID- 19995682
TI  - In vitro biomechanical comparison of three different types of single- and double
      row arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs: analysis of continuous bone-tendon contact
      pressure and surface during different simulated joint positions.
AB  - HYPOTHESIS: We assessed bone-tendon contact surface and pressure with a
      continuous and reversible measurement system comparing 3 different double- and
      single-row techniques of cuff repair with simulation of different joint
      positions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reproduced a medium supraspinatus tear in 24
      human cadaveric shoulders. For the 12 right shoulders, single-row suture (SRS)
      and then double-row bridge suture (DRBS) were used. For the 12 left shoulders,
      DRBS and then double-row cross suture (DRCS) were used. Measurements were
      performed before, during, and after knot tying and then with different joint
      positions. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in contact surface with the
      DRBS technique compared with the SRS technique and with the DRCS technique
      compared with the SRS or DRBS technique. There was a significant increase in
      contact pressure with the DRBS technique and DRCS technique compared with the SRS
      technique but no difference between the DRBS technique and DRCS technique.
      CONCLUSIONS: The DRCS technique seems to be superior to the DRBS and SRS
      techniques in terms of bone-tendon contact surface and pressure.

PMID- 19995683
TI  - Pitfalls and complications with locking plate for proximal humerus fracture.
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify specific complications of locking
      plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-three
      adult patients with a displaced 3- (24%) or 4-part (76%) fracture of the proximal
      humerus were treated over a period of 2 years under the supervision of a trauma
      surgeon. Fourty-four patients came back for a clinical and radiographic
      examinations at least 18 months after the trauma; the others were evaluated at 6
      weeks and 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Out of the 73 patients (64.4% females, mean
      age of 65), 11 patients needed a second surgery and 18 were lost for follow-up
      after 6 months. Mean final constant score was 62.3 points. The incidence of
      secondary displacement was 8.2%. Nonunion rate was 5.5%, affecting the constant
      score (P = .018). 16.4% of the patients developed a partial necrosis of the
      humeral head at the latest follow-up, which influenced on the constant score (P =
      .029). Quality of the reduction of the greater tuberosity influenced final
      results (P = .037). Screw cutout rate was 13.7%, with an influence to the
      constant score (P = .001). A too high plate positioning influenced the constant
      score (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Locked screw-plates provide more secure fixation of
      fractures, especially in weak bone. Complications rate remains high. Two
      complications are to be distinguished: 1) technical complications in plate
      positioning, length of the screws or secondary screw cutout strongly influence
      the final clinical result; and 2) specific complications related to this
      technology such as pseudarthrosis or plate fracture.

PMID- 19995684
TI  - Excelsior!

PMID- 19995685
TI  - Retroperitoneal approach for laparoscopic nephrectomy is feasible in a child with
      difficult access due to severe scoliosis.
AB  - Retroperitoneal minimal access surgery has been widely described and practiced in
      many paediatric urology units. However, retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy
      performed in the presence of severe scoliosis has not been described in the
      literature before. We report a challenging case of a 13-year-old girl with severe
      scoliosis requiring a nephrectomy. The feasibility of performing a
      retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in paediatric patients with severe
      scoliosis is discussed.

PMID- 19995686
TI  - Genetic pathway of external genitalia formation and molecular etiology of
      hypospadias.
AB  - Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital disorders in males. Impaired
      fetal androgen action interferes with masculinization, including external
      genitalia formation, and can result in this anomaly; however, the molecular
      etiology remains unknown. Recent molecular approaches, including gene-targeting
      approaches in mice and single nucleotide polymorphisms analyses in humans, might
      provide an opportunity to identify the causative and risk factors of this
      anomaly. Several genes, such as sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factors, bone
      morphogenetic proteins, homeobox genes, and the Wnt family regulate external
      genitalia formation. Mastermind-like domain containing 1/chromosome X open
      reading frame 6 mutation and activating transcription factor 3 variants have been
      shown to be associated with the incidence of isolated hypospadias. In addition,
      this anomaly may be associated with a specific haplotype of the gene for estrogen
      receptor alpha, which mediates the estrogenic effects of environmental endocrine
      disruptors, and the effects of these disruptors on external genitalia formation
      might depend on individual genetic susceptibility. These molecular studies will
      refine our knowledge of the genetic mechanism involved in external genitalia
      formation, and lead to new strategies for the clinical management of hypospadias.

PMID- 19995687
TI  - Reanimation of reversible facial paralysis by the double innervation technique
      using an intraneural-dissected sural nerve graft.
AB  - In treating reversible facial paralysis, cross-facial nerve grafting offers
      voluntary and emotional reanimation. In contrast, rapid re-innervation and strong
      neural stimulation can be obtained with hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover. In
      this article, we describe the method of a combination of these techniques as a
      one-stage procedure. A 39-year-old man presented with facial paralysis due to
      nerve avulsion within the stylomastoid foramen. The sural nerve was harvested and
      two branches were created at its distal end by intraneural dissection. One branch
      was anastomosed to the contralateral facial nerve, and the other branch was used
      for hypoglossal-facial nerve crossover, followed by connecting the proximal stump
      of the graft to the trunk of the paralysed facial nerve in an end-to-end fashion.
      At 9 months postoperatively, almost complete facial symmetry and co-ordinated
      movements of the mimetic muscles were obtained with no obvious tongue atrophy.
      Since our method can efficiently gather neural inputs from the contralateral
      facial nerve and the ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve, it may become a good
      alternative for reanimation of reversible facial paralysis when the ipsilateral
      facial nerve is not available.

PMID- 19995688
TI  - [Cancer epidemiology in France in 2010, comparison with the USA].
AB  - In 2007, a total number of 149,000 cancer deaths were observed in France, 89,100
      in the male population and 60,600 in the female population, and in 2009, the
      number of new diagnoses of cancer is estimated to be 346,500, 197,500 among men
      and 149,000 among women. The most frequent cancers are prostate, lung and
      colorectal cancers in men, and breast, colorectal and lung cancers in women.
      Cancer mortality is higher in France than in the USA for men and lower for women.
      The largest differences between the two countries are observed for lung cancer
      and for head and neck (mouth, pharynx, larynx and oesophagus) cancers in men.
      Lung cancer mortality is higher in the USA than in France for men and much higher
      for women. These differences are explained by the difference in past tobacco
      consumption. For head and neck cancers in men, despite a very large decrease in
      France due mostly to the reduction in alcohol consumption, mortality remains
      today higher in France than in the USA.

PMID- 19995689
TI  - [Management of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in advanced epithelial ovarian
      cancer].
AB  - The standard management for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is optimum
      cytoreductive surgery followed by aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy. However
      retroperitoneal remains controversial. The multiple directions of the lymph
      drainage pathway in ovarian cancer have been recognized. The incidence and
      pattern of lymph node involvement depends on the extent of disease progression
      and the histological type. Thus, it is difficult to specify a single node as the
      sentinel node. In this chapter, we review and discuss the actual benefits of
      lymph node dissection in patients with ovarian cancer, analysing previously
      reported and ongoing trials. A recent large randomized trial in patients with
      advanced ovarian cancer revealed that systemic lymphadenectomy had no impact on
      survival compared with removing only macroscopic lymph nodes but improves
      progression-free survival significantly. Further studies are needed to balance
      risks and benefits of systematic lymphadenectomy in advanced-stage disease.

PMID- 19995690
TI  - Acetaminophen toxicity with concomitant use of carbamazepine.
AB  - Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic that can cause acute liver failure when
      consumed above a maximum daily dose. Certain patients may be at increased risk of
      hepatocellular damage even at conventional therapeutic doses. We report a case of
      a 34-year-old man on carbamazepine for complex partial seizures who developed
      acute liver and renal failure on less than 2.5 grams a day of acetaminophen. This
      raises caution that patients on carbamazepine should avoid chronic use of
      acetaminophen, and if required use at lower doses with vigilant monitoring for
      signs of liver damage.

PMID- 19995691
TI  - Hypothalamic hamartoma causing gelastic seizures treated with stereotactic
      radiofrequency thermocoagulation.
AB  - PURPOSE: To present a case of small hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) causing gelastic
      seizures and treated with stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation. CASE
      REPORT: A 22-year-old man presented with intractable gelastic seizures and focal
      seizures refractory to medical treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 6
      mm x 6 mm x 7 mm sessile intraventricular HH. Under local anesthesia, four intra
      hamartoma lesions were made via stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation
      using a depth electrode for recording and stimulation. RESULTS: Transient central
      hyperthermia, hypertension, and tachycardia were observed during the coagulation
      procedure. Intra-hamartoma spikes and slow waves were identified on depth
      electrode recordings. No gelastic seizure was induced by deep stimulation. The
      patient was seizure-free during the 12-month follow up and no permanent surgical
      complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation
      may be an effective and safe treatment option in selected cases of hypothalamic
      hamartoma with gelastic seizures.

PMID- 19995692
TI  - [Surgical treatment of breast cancer--2009].
AB  - The oncological surgery of the breast has changed in several aspects in the last
      two decades. The reasons are, first of all, the so-called biological approach to
      curing, cancer screening, the development of surgical technique and the daily use
      of quality assurance principles. We witness a paradigm-change again, and the
      essence of it is that the maximally radical treatment is replaced by the
      conception of a minimal but sufficient surgical treatment. Instead of being down
      graded, surgery as a profession is more and more appreciated and remains still
      determinant in the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 19995693
TI  - [Liver support systems today].
AB  - Liver failure carries a high mortality, both the acute type with no pre-existing
      liver disease (acute liver failure) and the acute decompensation superimposed on
      a chronic liver disorder (acute on chronic liver failure). Today, liver
      transplantation still represents the only curative treatment for liver failure
      due to end-stage liver diseases. Donor organ shortage is still the major
      limitation and many patients die while awaiting transplantation. Due to the
      scarcity of donor organs, liver support technologies are being developed to
      support patients with severe liver failure until either an organ becomes
      available for transplantation or their livers recover from injury. Early devices
      including hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, exchange transfusion, cross-hemodialysis,
      cross-circulation and plasmapheresis appeared inefficient. In the present day,
      liver support systems' designs fall into two main categories: cell-based, so
      called bioartificial and non-cell-based, also known as artificial systems.
      Bioartificial liver support systems use either porcine hepatocytes or human
      hepatoma cell lines housed within a hollow-fiber bioreactor. The system perfuses
      the patient's whole blood or separated plasma through the luminal space in the
      bioreactor. Theoretically, these methods should optimally resemble normal hepatic
      tissue structure and function. However, the existing bioartificial systems are
      far from ideal solution in terms of immunological, infectological, oncological
      and financial problems and must still be thought of as experimental. The
      artificial systems are already available for the clinicians in limited
      quantities. These non-cell-based devices are intended to remove protein-bound and
      water-soluble toxins without providing synthetic function, which can be partially
      replaced with substitution of the failing substances (plasma proteins,
      coagulation factors). These systems include the hemodiabsorption (Liver Dialysis
      Unit) which is commercially available in the United States, the albumin dialysis
      which is available in Europe and the newly developed fractionated plasma
      separation and adsorption (FPSA) system. The simple method of albumin dialysis is
      "single pass albumin dialysis" (SPAD), which evolved into the so-called
      "molecular adsorbent recirculating system"(MARS). Prometheus system combines the
      FPSA method with high-flux hemodialysis. Although the results of many
      experimental and clinical trials prove the efficacy of the above mentioned
      methods, large randomized controlled trials are mandatory to establish the impact
      on survival benefit of artificial and bioartificial support systems versus
      standard therapy.

PMID- 19995694
TI  - [The role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in cell division processes and in
      malignancy].
AB  - Extensive research is being carried out to identify the role of insulin-like
      growth factor (IGF) in cellular development and tumorigenesis. There is
      substantial experimental and clinical evidence now that IGF and the related
      signalling pathways have important roles in regulating cellular proliferation,
      promoting cellular differentiation and anti-apoptotic effect. Significant amount
      of IGF is produced locally by neoplastic tissue, which gets into the circulation
      and adds to the naturally liver-generated and circulating amount. The IGF binding
      proteins (IGFBP) modulate the bioavailability of IGFs. Upon ligand binding to the
      receptor, the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity initiates the
      phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase
      (MAPK) pathway; these have a summon effect on cell cycle. The ligand and the
      receptor biosynthesis are reviewed, as well as the signal transduction system and
      the IGF' role in neoplasm. Finally, the therapeutic modalities are surveyed with
      the preclinical drug's main features.

PMID- 19995695
TI  - [Endoscopic management of postoperative biliary injuries].
AB  - The postoperative complications of the biliary tract, such as leakages and
      strictures, traditionally had been managed surgically, but from the 90s they are
      usually treated via endoscopic route. These complications occur most frequently
      after laparoscopic surgeries. Whenever biliary leakage is suspected, close
      collaboration between endoscopists and surgeons is needed. Immediate
      visualization of the biliary tract by ERCP is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis
      and to locate the exact site of the lesion. Various endoscopic techniques have
      been proved effective in treating post-cholecystectomy biliary leaks. The crucial
      point is to equalize the duodenal and the biliary pressures, allowing flow of the
      bile into the duodenum, advancing the healing of the lesion. This can be achieved
      with a simple endoscopic sphincterotomy or endoscopic sphincterotomy with
      subsequent insertion of a plastic stent. These methods seem to be equally
      suitable; however, for greater lesions stent placement is advisable. For
      strictures multiple stenting is the effective method, and the long standing
      effects also seem to be good.

PMID- 19995696
TI  - [Treatment of surface thrombophlebitis].

PMID- 19995697
TI  - [Interview with Dr. Peter Lakatos by Gyorgyi B.Kiraly].

PMID- 19995698
TI  - BAC-FISH assays delineate complex chromosomal rearrangements in a case of post
      Chernobyl childhood thyroid cancer.
AB  - Structural chromosome aberrations are known hallmarks of many solid tumors. In
      the papillary form of thyroid cancer (PTC), for example, activation of the
      receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes, RET and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase
      receptor type I (NTRK1) by intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements has been
      suggested as a cause of the disease. However, many phenotypically similar tumors
      do not carry an activated RET or NTRK-1 gene or express abnormal ret or NTRK-1
      transcripts. Thus, we hypothesize that other cellular RTK-type genes are
      aberrantly expressed in these tumors. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization
      based methods, we are studying karyotype changes in a relatively rare subgroup of
      PTCs, i.e., tumors that arose in children following the 1986 nuclear accident in
      Chernobyl, Ukraine. Here, we report our technical developments and progress in
      deciphering complex chromosome aberrations in case S48TK, an aggressively growing
      PTC cell line, which shows an unusual high number of unbalanced translocations.

PMID- 19995699
TI  - Histochemical and immunohistological approach to comparative neuromuscular
      diseases.
AB  - The broad category of neuromuscular diseases covers conditions that involve the
      weakness or wasting of the body muscles. These problems may occur in the spinal
      cord, the peripheral nerves or the muscle fibers. Some may be hereditary, while
      others are acquired. Commonly recognized conditions fall into the categories of
      myopathies, which are diseases of the muscle like muscular dystrophy, disorders
      of the junction where the nerve impulses are transmitted to the muscle like
      myasthenia gravis, and neuropathies, which are diseases of the peripheral nervous
      system. The diagnosis of most neuromuscular diseases rest on careful clinical
      evaluation of the patient, electromyography, the muscle biopsy, and in some
      instances, molecular genetic studies. Muscle biopsy, associated to histochemical
      and immunohistological techniques, plays a key role in diagnosis of many
      neuromuscular disorders. A number of morphological abnormalities of muscle can be
      recognized on histological stains such as haematoxylin and eosin and Engel
      trichrome. Histochemical techniques are essential for the study of muscle
      biopsies for four main reasons. First, they demonstrate the non-uniform nature of
      the muscle highlighting the different biochemical properties of specific fibre
      type and their selective involvement in certain disease processes. Second, they
      may show an absences of a particular enzyme. Third, an excess of a particular
      substrate can be demonstrated. Fourth, they may show structural changes in the
      muscle which would not be apparent with routine histological stains, such as the
      enzyme-deficient cores in central core disease "mouth-eaten" fibers, and
      abnormalities in the distribution of mitochondria. In some neuromuscular
      disorders there could be only non-specific myopathological features. However, a
      number of proteins, including sarcolemmal, sarcomeric, and nuclear proteins as
      well as enzymes with defects responsible for neuromuscular disorders, have been
      identified during the past two decades, allowing a more specific and firm
      diagnosis of muscle diseases. Identification of protein defects relies
      predominantly on immunohistochemical preparations and on Western blot analysis.
      While immunohistochemistry is very useful in identifying abnormal expression of
      primary protein abnormalities in recessive conditions, it is less helpful in
      detecting primary defects in dominantly inherited disorders. Abnormal
      immunohistochemical expression patterns can be confirmed by Western blot analysis
      which may also be informative in dominant disorders. Besides identification of
      specific protein defects, immunohistochemistry is also helpful in the
      differentiation of inflammatory myopathies by subtyping cellular infiltrates and
      demonstrating up-regulation of subtle immunological parameters. This review will
      summarize and describe the impact that histochemistry and immunohistochemistry
      has had and the possibilities it has opened up in the diagnosis of neuromuscular
      disorders in human as well as in veterinary myology.

PMID- 19995700
TI  - Quantitative determination and localization of cathepsin D and its inhibitors.
AB  - A literature survey was performed of the methods of quantitative assessment of
      the activity and concentration of cathepsin D and its inhibitors. Usefulness of
      non-modified and modified proteins and synthetic peptides as measurement
      substrates was evaluated. The survey includes also chemical and immunochemical
      methods used to determine the distribution of cathepsin D and its inhibitors in
      cells and tissues.

PMID- 19995701
TI  - An organism arises from every nucleus.
AB  - The fact that, cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method has been
      performed, opened new horizons for cloning, and changed the way of our
      understanding and approach to cell and nucleus. The progress in cloning
      technology, brought the anticipation of the ability to clone an organism from
      each somatic cell nucleus. Therefore, the 'Cell Theory' is about to take the
      additional statement as "An organism arises from every nucleus". The development
      of gene targeting procedures which can be applied with SCNT, showed us that it
      may be possible to obtain different versions of the original genetic constitution
      of a cell. Because of this opportunity which is provided by SCNT, in reproductive
      cloning, it would be possible to clone enhanced organisms which can adapt to
      different environmental conditions and survive. Furthermore, regaining the
      genetic characteristics of ancestors or reverse herediter variations would be
      possible. On the other hand, in therapeutic cloning, more precise and easily
      obtainable alternatives for cell replacement therapy could be presented. However,
      while producing healthier or different organisms from a nucleus, it is hard to
      foresee the side effects influencing natural processes in long term is rather
      difficult.

PMID- 19995702
TI  - The inflammatory reaction during chronic venous disease of lower limbs.
AB  - Chronic venous disease (CVD) is an insufficiency of distal veins caused by their
      partial or total obstruction, endothelial distension and functional disorders.
      Chronic venous disease of lower limbs is common problem and affects millions of
      people. In this article we suggest that inflammatory process is involved in the
      structural remodeling in venous valves and in the venous wall, leading to
      valvular incompetence and the development of varicose veins.

PMID- 19995703
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: historical aspects.
AB  - This study aims to present the origins and the historical evolution of fine
      needle aspiration biopsy and to also underline its importance in the history of
      modern cytology. The article focuses on the advances made in the 20th century
      that have led to the modern techniques associated with the procedure. The authors
      conducted a thorough review of early reports on needle biopsy, particularly those
      published during 19th and 20th century, examining in brief also the origins of
      the needle biopsy. The first report on the use of needle puncture is referred in
      early writings of Arab medicine. In the early 20th century, Martin and Ellis are
      considered to be the founders of modern needle aspiration techniques. The German
      doctor Mannheim was the first to publish reports suggesting the use of fine
      needles with a small gauge. The establishment and world-wide expansion of FNA
      should be attributed to the representatives of the Swedish School of
      Cytopathology. The school embraced FNA in the second half of the 20th century
      while serving as a training ground for doctors around the world. The history of
      needle biopsy spans ten centuries. However, the development and establishment of
      the technique in its modern form took place primarily during the twentieth
      century. Today, FNA is considered an important cytologic technique with
      sufficient diagnostic accuracy, especially when applied in cases of lung and
      prostate cancer.

PMID- 19995704
TI  - OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling system and its significance in nephrology.
AB  - Recent years brought the discovery of new members of TNF receptor superfamily -
      osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB and its ligand
      (OPG/RANK/RANKL) system as regulator of bone remodeling. Further studies showed
      its involvement in control of vascular and immune system. Animal studies' results
      confirm the OPG/RANK/RANKL role in pathogenesis of vascular calcifications and
      osteoporosis. Human studies, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease
      (CKD), have brought many conflicting data. Understanding of exact contribution of
      each molecule creating this axis may be crucial for diagnosis and treatment of
      CKD complications involving renal osteodystrophy and vascular calcification. In
      this review we try to summarize recent knowledge and OPG/RANK/RANKL role in
      patient with chronic kidney diseases.

PMID- 19995705
TI  - Serum cathepsin K and cystatin C concentration in patients with advanced non
      small-cell lung cancer during chemotherapy.
AB  - A pathogenic implication of cathepsin K (Cath K) and its inhibitor - cystatin C
      (Cyst C) occur to be of growing importance in the mechanisms of tumor
      invasiveness in lung cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the
      prognostic role and the effects of chemotherapy on serum Cath K and Cyst C
      (ELISA) in patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The
      study entered 40 patients (32 men) and 15 healthy volunteers (control group).
      Peripheral blood samples were taken before and after four cycles of chemotherapy.
      The mean serum Cyst C levels were significantly higher in patients with advanced
      NSCLC than in controls (p=0.003). The levels of Cath K in serum of NSCLC are
      comparable to those in controls. No correlation was found between Cath K and Cyst
      C concentrations and the histological type and staging of lung cancer. Patients
      with T4-stage had a lower level of Cyst C, than those with T2 (p=0.033). No
      correlation was found between the concentrations of Cath K, Cyst C and the effect
      of chemotherapy. However, Cyst C level positively correlated with serum
      creatinine concentration (R=0.535; p=0.005) in patients who responded to
      chemotherapy and with patient's age (R=0.456; p=0.018) in whole group. When the
      cut-off values of serum Cath K and Cyst C (23.35 pmol/l, 1.29 mg/l, respectively)
      were used, the prognoses of high and low groups were not different. Concluding,
      patients with lung cancer have a higher serum concentration of Cyst C compared to
      healthy people. In our opinion, determination of Cath K and Cyst C concentrations
      has no clinical significance in the prognosis of the survival time in lung
      cancer.

PMID- 19995706
TI  - Changes in ambient temperature and oxygenation during the proestrus do not affect
      duration, regularity and repeatability of the estrus cycle in female rats.
AB  - There are a lot of factors affecting the release of hormones from the anterior
      part of pituitary gland and their interactions with other parts of the endocrine,
      nervous and immune systems. The special significance of the proestrus phase of
      the estrous cycle of the rat, during which LH and FSH levels increase, followed
      by ovulation is known. The short length of the estrous cycle and the well
      recognized sequence of vaginal lavage cytology make it useful for investigating
      the influence of a stressful environment on the reproductive function. Short
      duration and mild changes in environmental conditions is considered as a factor
      analogous to psychological stress. The study was undertaken to determine the
      effects of a short duration change in the ambient temperature and oxygenation (30
      minutes) on the proestrus phase of reproductive cycle and on the repeatability
      and regularity of phases of the reproductive cycle of Wistar strain rats. The
      animals were kept under standard conditions and had food and water available ad
      libitum. The climatic chamber with automatically adjustable and monitored
      internal parameters (temperature, oxygenation, humidity) was used to develop
      stress conditions. An estimation of the vaginal lavage using the microscope was
      done to determine the estrous cycle. The animals were divided into 6 groups. On
      the day of experiment: the control group (CG) stayed in the climatic chamber for
      30 minutes (ambient temperature 21 degrees C, normoxia - 21% O(2)), the five test
      groups (TG - I - V) remained in the climatic chamber for 30 minutes, in the
      established environmental conditions (I - 21 degrees C, 10% O(2); II - 10 degrees
      C, 21% O(2); III - 10 degrees C, 10% O(2); IV - 35 degrees C, 21% O(2); V - 35
      degrees C, 10% O(2)). During the following days after the experiment, a
      microscopic estimation of vaginal lavage was collected over again. There were no
      changes of duration and sequence of the present estrous cycle and repeatability
      of the next cycles. Our results indicate that short duration change in the
      ambient conditions do not cause a disturbance in the hypothalamo - pituitary -
      gonadal axis, although it can activate adaptation mechanisms of the organism.

PMID- 19995707
TI  - Mutations in the KRAS gene in ovarian tumors.
AB  - RAS genes are the most frequently mutated oncogenes detected in human cancer. In
      this study we analyzed the presence of mutations at codon 12 of the KRAS gene in
      78 women with ovarian tumor, including 64 invasive ovarian cancers and 14
      borderline ovarian tumors, using an RFLP-PCR technique and we evaluated whether
      such alterations were associated with the selected clinicopathological parameters
      of the patients. KRAS codon 12 gene mutations were found in 6,2% of ovarian
      cancer tissue and in 14,3% of the borderline ovarian tumor. KRAS mutations were
      found with a significantly higher frequency in mucinous and borderline tumors
      compared to serous tumors (p<0,01). Mutation frequency was correlated with the
      histological type of tumor, but not with stage, grade or patients age.

PMID- 19995708
TI  - Concentration of surfactant protein D, Clara cell protein CC-16 and IL-10 in
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with sarcoidosis, hypersensivity
      pneumonitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - The process of interstitial inflammation, often chronic, goes fluently from
      alveolitis through granuloma formation to irreversible fibrosis and lung
      remodeling. Eventually, the loss of functional alveolar units leads to chronic
      respiratory failure. The pneumoproteins (e.g. SP-D, CC-16) are considered to be
      markers of interstitial inflammation. We measured BAL concentration of SP-D, CC
      16 and IL-10 in patients with sarcoidosis (27), IPF (7) and HP (9). The level of
      each marker was determined by ELISA specific kit. We found the highest SP-D and
      CC-16 BAL concentration in patients with the III stage of sarcoidosis (96,67
      ng/ml and 31,78 ng/ml, respectively). The lowest SP-D concentration was observed
      in patients with IPF (76,49 ng/ml), and the lowest CC-16 concentration in
      patients with HP (21,39 ng/ml). The differences were not statistically
      significant. In the group of the III stage of sarcoidosis higher SP-D levels were
      related to higher BAL cytosis and higher percentage of BAL neutrophils, just the
      opposite as in the IPF and HP group. In the III stage of sarcoidosis and HP, the
      lower SP-D levels, the lower FEV1 and VC values. The results show, that in acute
      interstitial inflammation with larger parenchyma engagement (III stage of
      sarcoidosis) the levels of SP-D were higher then in chronic interstitial
      inflammation (IPF).

PMID- 19995709
TI  - Combined perioperative plasma endoglin and VEGF--a assessment in colorectal
      cancer patients.
AB  - Colorectal cancer growth and spread is absolutely dependent on angiogenesis with
      vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) being the most important cytokine
      involved in the process. Endoglin, a membrane co-receptor for TGF-beta, has
      recently emerged as a sensitive index of cancer stage. There is now sufficient
      evidence indicating that microvessel density assessed by endoglin-immunostaining
      can correlate with stage of colorectal cancer and patient survival. An
      association of a soluble form of endoglin with lymph node and distant metastases
      has recently been reported in two studies. Both of them used local elaborated
      immunoassays for endoglin assessment. The aim of our study was to determine the
      efficacy of plasma endoglin, assessed using a commercial kit, as a marker of
      tumor spread and distant metastases in colorectal cancer patients. We studied 48
      colorectal cancer patients, compared with 22 healthy subjects, using ELISA. We
      observed that colorectal cancer patients had increased plasma VEGF-A, but not
      endoglin levels. However, we found an association of plasma endoglin with the
      stage of malignancy. Endoglin levels were increased in metastasis-positive
      patients when compared to both metastasis-negative patients and healthy
      volunteers. Plasma endoglin correlated with VEGF-A, CEA and CA19.9. Endoglin
      assessment in plasma does not seem useful as a maker of colorectal cancer. Our
      observations indicate however that it might be helpful in selecting patients with
      metastatic disease.

PMID- 19995710
TI  - Dexamethasone effects on Bax expression in the mouse testicular germ cells.
AB  - Exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) leads to numerous changes in various biological
      systems including the reproductive system. The aim of the present study was to
      find out whether dexamethasone (Dex), a widely used GC, would influence the
      apoptosis and expression of Bax, an important proapoptotic protein, in the mouse
      testicular germ cells. Experimental groups of 8 male NMRI mice received one of
      the following treatments daily for 7 days: 4, 7 and 10 mg/kg Dex. Control groups
      were treated with equivalent volumes of saline. Experimental and control animals
      were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection. Immunohistochemical procedure was
      used to evaluation of Bax expression and the deoxyuridine nick-end labeling
      (TUNEL) was applied to assessment of the apoptotic germ cells. Bax expression was
      upregulated mainly at stages VII-VIII of spermatogenic cycle (p<0.05) in
      experimental groups. Apoptotic index was significantly increased in 7 and 10
      mg/kg Dex treated mice (p<0.05). It appears that GCs such as Dex could induce
      apoptosis through the expression of proapoptotic proteins.

PMID- 19995711
TI  - Percentage of LFA-1+ and ICAM-1+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children
      and adolescents with type 1 diabetes does not distinguish patients with vascular
      complications.
AB  - There are only few studies evaluating lymphocytes activation in the diabetic
      vascular complications. ICAM-1/LFA-1 adhesion molecules not only participate in
      the lymphocyte T proliferation but also mediate leukocyte migration to the site
      of inflammation. We assess a relationship between the percentage of ICAM-1 and
      LFA-1 expressing PBMCs and the evolution of vascular complications in T1D in
      children and adolescents. The study was carried out on 60 children and
      adolescents with T1D (aged 9-20): (a) T1D lasting <5 years (n=20), (b) T1D
      lasting >5 years (n=20), without complications c) T1D lasting >5 years
      complicated with microalbuminuria, arterial hypertension, diabetic retinopathy
      (20 n). 20 healthy volunteers, age and sex matched constituted the control group.
      The expression of adhesion molecules was evaluated by using three-color flow
      cytometry. In children and adolescents with T1D <5 years, the percentage of ICAM
      1+ and LFA-1+ PBMCs was decreased vs. controls (p<0.05 and p<0.001,
      respectively). Both in patients with T1D>5 years without vascular complications
      and in T1D with vascular disease the percentage of LFA-1+ T lymphocytes was
      significantly reduced in the peripheral blood (p<0.001 vs. healthy controls). In
      conclusion the percentage of LFA-1+ and ICAM-1+ PBMCs does not distinguish
      patients with vascular complications however decreased percentage of LFA-1+ PMBCs
      could serve as a nonspecific marker of the development of local inflammatory
      process in Type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 19995712
TI  - NBL1 and anillin (ANLN) genes over-expression in pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - The aim of the study was to analyze the gene expression profile of pancreatic
      cancer to derive novel molecular markers of this malignancy. The snap-frozen or
      RNA-later preserved samples of 18 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 5 chronic
      pancreatitis cases and 6 specimens of grossly normal pancreas were used for
      microarray analysis by HG-U133 Plus 2.0 oligonucleotide Affymetrix arrays.
      Validation was carried out by real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) in the set of 66
      samples: 31 of pancreatic cancer, 14 of chronic pancreatitis and 21 of
      macroscopically unchanged pancreas. By Principal Component Analysis of the
      microarray data we found a very consistent expression pattern of normal samples
      and a less homogenous one in chronic pancreatitis. By supervised comparison
      (corrected p-value 0.001) we observed 11094 probesets differentiating between
      cancer and normal samples, while only seventy six probesets were significant for
      difference between cancer and chronic pancreatitis. The only gene occurring
      within the best 10 genes in both comparisons was S100 calcium binding protein P
      (S100P), already indicated for its utility as pancreatic cancer marker by earlier
      microarray-based studies. For validation we selected two genes which appeared as
      valuable candidates for molecular markers of pancreatic cancer: neuroblastoma,
      suppression of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1) and anillin (ANLN). By Q-PCR, we confirmed
      statistically significant differences in these genes with a 9.5 fold-change
      difference between NBL1 expression in cancer/normal comparison and a relatively
      modest difference between cancer and pancreatitis. For ANLN even more distinct
      differences were observed (cancer/normal 19.8-fold, cancer/pancreatitis 4.0
      fold). NBL1 and anillin are promising markers for pancreatic carcinoma molecular
      diagnostics.

PMID- 19995713
TI  - Expression of steroidogenic enzymes in porcine polycystic ovaries.
AB  - In the present study the expression pattern of the cholesterol side-chain
      cleavage cytochrome (P450(scc)), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD)
      and aromatase (P450(arom)) was analyzed in the health and polycystic ovaries of
      gilts by means of the Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The polycystic
      status of ovaries was induced by i.m. dexamethasone (DXM) injections on days 7-21
      of the estrous cycle. Macroscopic observation of ovaries of DXM-treated gilts
      revealed the presence of cysts (1-2 cm in diameter, with a mean number of 7.0+/
      1.2 per ovary), a decrease (P<0.05) in number of small follicles (1-3 mm in
      diameter), as well as the lack of medium-sized follicles (4-6 mm in diameter) and
      corpora lutea, as compared to the control animals. The expression of P450(scc)
      (P<0.01), 3beta-HSD (P<0.05) and P450(arom) (P<0.001) proteins in the cysts was
      higher than in the medium-sized follicles of the control gilts. Moreover, DXM
      injections resulted also in an enhancement (P<0.05) in the level of P450(scc)
      protein in the walls of small follicles as compared to the control gilts.
      Following DXM administration the immunoreactivity (IR) of P450(scc) in the
      primordial follicles was lower than in the control group. Comparing to the
      control gilts, the reaction for this enzyme in DXM-treated animals was observed
      in secondary follicles, while for 3beta-HSD, in primordial, primary, as well as
      secondary follicles. The immunostaining for P450(scc) (theca cells) and
      P450(arom) (granulosa cells) in the small follicles of the DXM-treated gilts were
      more prominent than those found in the gonads of control animals. However, IR for
      P450(scc) was not found in the granulosa cells of small follicles in the gilts
      receiving DXM. The intensity of P450(scc) and P450(arom) labelling was distinctly
      enhanced in the cysts as compared to the medium follicles of the control animals.
      Furthermore, in contrary to the medium follicles of the control animals, faint IR
      for 3beta-HSD was found in the granulosa cell layer of cysts. Our data revealed
      that both the expression of P450(scc), 3beta-HSD and P450(arom) and localization
      of these enzymes in polycystic ovaries were different from those, found under
      physiological conditions. These results suggested that above-mentioned enzymes
      may, by influencing the ovarian steroid synthesis, play an essential role in the
      creation and/or course of cystic ovarian disease.

PMID- 19995714
TI  - Transcriptional activity of telomerase complex in CD34- stem cells of cord blood
      in dependence of preparation time.
AB  - The aim of the study was to determine whether the expression of telomerase
      subunits encoding genes changes during the process of cord blood preparation. It
      should establish if the commonly accepted 24 hours time interval in stem cells
      kriopreservation procedure significantly influences their immortalization and so
      decreases the "quality" of cord blood stem cells. Investigation includes 69
      women. Spontaneous labour was the inclusion condition. The material was collected
      at birth after clamping of umbilical cord by direct vasopuncture. CD34- cells
      were extracted from cord blood (MACS, Miltenyi Biotec; Bisley, Surrey, UK). The
      expression profile of telomerase activators and inhibitors encoding genes was
      determined using HG_U133A oligonucleotide microarray (Affymetrix). We used a real
      time quantitative RT-PCR assay to quantify the telomerase TERT, hTR and TP1
      subunits mRNA copy numbers in CD34- cells in 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after cord
      blood collection. We observed significant decrease of numbers of copies of
      TERTA+B mRNA within the successive hours of observation. Significant decrease of
      numbers of TERTA mRNA copies was confirmed after 24 hours. However, we observed
      significant increase of numbers of copies of TERTB mRNA after 6 hours of
      observation. Similar level was maintained during another 6h. The significantly
      lower number of copies of TERTB mRNA was observed after 24h. We also observed
      significant increase of number of copies of TERT mRNA after 6 hours. Number of
      copies of TERT mRNA significantly decreased after another 6h, remaining, however,
      on a higher then initial one. The significant lower number of copies of TERT mRNA
      was observed 24h after delivery. The possible explanation of those results is
      discussed in the paper.

PMID- 19995715
TI  - Age-related changes in the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type
      2 in rat Leydig cells.
AB  - Previous studies in rats have shown that the ability of Leydig cells (LCs) to
      produce testosterone significantly declines with age. To address the possible
      mechanisms by which aging LCs lose their steroidogenic function, we determined
      the effect of aging on the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (11beta-HSD) type 2. The enzyme plays a protective role in blunting the
      suppressive effects of glucocorticoids on LCs steroidogenesis. Our
      immunohistochemical analysis revealed progressive decline in 11beta-HDS type 2
      expression in LCs of the 18 months of age rats and the most significant reduction
      in 11beta-HSD2 immunoreactivity was evident in the testicular interstitium of 24-
      month-old rats. The decrease in the 11beta-HDS type 2 immunostaining in LCs
      during aging coincided with decline in insulin-like 3/relaxin-like factor
      (INSL3/RLF) expression, an independent marker for LCs differentiation status.
      Concomitant with the age-related decrease of 11beta-HDS type 2 immunoreactivity
      in the LCs population, the immunoexpression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (3beta-HSD), marker for LCs steroidogenic activity, was greatly reduced at 24
      months compared to 3-month-old control. Similar pattern of expression exhibited
      also androgen receptor (AR) which is localized in the nuclei of Sertoli cells
      (SCs), LCs, and peritubular cells. During ages we observed progressive decrease
      in the immunoreactivity for AR in the testicular types and there was a loss of
      stage specificity in SCs at age of 24 months. It now seems evident that a variety
      of factors are likely to be involved in age-related decreases in LCs
      steroidogenesis, including 11beta-HSD type 2. The observed reduction in 11beta
      HSD type 2 expression in aging LCs reflects the decline in their protection
      ability, opposing the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids on testosterone
      production.

PMID- 19995716
TI  - Immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67, PCNA and MCM2 proteins proliferation
      index (PI) in advanced gastric cancer.
AB  - The current study objective was to assess the proliferation indices (PI) of Ki
      67, PCNA and MCM2 proteins in advanced gastric cancer and in metastatic lymph
      node in correlation with certain clinicopathological features and with
      postoperative survival of patients. The study was conducted in a group of 100
      patients with advanced gastric cancers. Involvement of local lymph nodes was
      present in 36 cases. Immunohistochemical investigations were carried out using
      monoclonal antibodies against Ki-67 (DAKO), PCNA (DAKO) and polyclonal antibody
      to MCM2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Visualization of the antigen/antibody complex
      was performed using LSAB technique (biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase) followed by
      application of chromogene DAB (DAKO). Statistical analysis revealed no
      correlations of Ki-67, PCNA and MCM2 PI in tumour tissue or metastatic lymph node
      with patients' age and gender, tumour location, histological grade, macroscopic
      type according to Bormann's classification and histological grading by Lauren's
      and Goseki's classifications. Moreover, no correlation was observed of Ki-67 and
      MCM2 PI in tumour tissue with histological grading. No correlation was also noted
      between the proliferation indices of all the three proteins in the affected lymph
      node and grade of histological differentiation. Such clinicopathological
      parameters as patients' age and gender, histological grading by Lauren's and
      Goseki's classifications and lymph node involvement did not correlate with
      survival time of patients. Furthermore, no statistically significant correlation
      was shown of postoperative survival time with Ki-67 and MCM2 PI in tumour tissue
      and metastatic lymph nodes and with PCNA PI in the affected lymph nodes. However,
      a statistically significant correlation was found of Ki-67, PCNA and MCM2 PI in
      tumour tissue and metastatic lymph nodes with depth of wall invasion and local
      lymph node involvement. A statistically significant correlation was also noted
      between PCNA PI in the main mass of tumour and histological grading. The
      postoperative survival time of patients exhibited a statistically significant
      correlation with tumour location and macroscopic type according to Bormann's
      classification. Correlations on statistical borderline were noted between
      survival time and depth of gastric wall invasion and PCNA PI in the main mass of
      tumour.

PMID- 19995717
TI  - Histological evaluation of esophageal mucosa in children with acid
      gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - AIM: histological evaluation of esophageal mucosa in children, with regard to the
      duration of primary acid gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and acid GER secondary to
      cow's milk allergy and/or other food allergy (CMA/FA) (prospective study).
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: 264 children of both sexes suspected of GER were enrolled
      in the study. The age of examined children was 1.5-102 months, mean age 20.78+/
      17.23 months. Pathological acid GER was confirmed with pH-monitoring in 138
      children (52.3%). Taking into consideration complex differential diagnosis,
      including oral food challenge test with potentially noxious nutrient (open or
      blind study), children were assigned into study groups 1 and 2 (primary and
      secondary GER). Group 1: 76 patients (28.8%) aged 4-102 months (x=25.2+/-27.28
      months) with primary GER. Group 2: 62 patients (23.5%) aged 4-74 months
      (x=21.53+/-17.79 months) with GER secondary to CMA/FA. Children with GERD
      underwent preliminary and control (after 1 year and 2 years of GERD diagnosis)
      endoscopic examination of the upper gastroinestinal tract. RESULTS: Intensity of
      esophagitis was assessed initially in 25 children from group 1 (32.9%), in 29
      children from group 2 (46.8%), and in 9 children from group 3 - reference group
      (28.1%). Histological evaluation revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells,
      mainly neutrophils and intraepithelial lymphocytes, and also eosinophils in 10
      children (13.2%) with primary GER. Infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes
      was found in 5 children (8.1%) with secondary GER. In 8 children (25.0%) with
      food allergy there were only lymphocytes. Infiltration of neutrophils and
      lymphocytes and basal zone hyperplasia or infiltration of eosinophils and
      lymphocytes with elongation of lamina propria papillae was found in 10 children
      (13.1%) with primary GER and in 20 children (32.2%) with secondary GER.
      Differentiation of particular types of inflammatory cells in mucosal infiltration
      characterized histological picture in the following way: neutrophils in 21
      children (27.6%) with primary GER, eosinophils in 22 children (35.5%) with
      secondary GER, lymphocytes in 15 children (19.7%) in children with primary GER
      and in 15 children (24.2%) with secondary GER. Histological examination of
      esophageal mucosa after 1 and 2 years of clinical observation and periodical
      conservative treatment in children with primary and secondary GER revealed
      significant alleviation of inflammatory abnormalities (with regard to the type of
      abnormalities and the number of particular types of inflammatory cells).
      CONCLUSIONS: The value of histological findings obtained in own studies comprises
      the role of food allergy in pathogenesis of GER and is related to GER's
      contribution, both direct (primary reflux) and indirect (secondary reflux), to
      triggering off morphological results and clinical outcomes of esophagitis.

PMID- 19995718
TI  - The activity of gastric ghrelin positive cells in obese patients treated
      surgically.
AB  - Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide hormone regulating food intake and stimulating
      releasement of growth hormone. It is produced in a distinct endocrine call known
      as X/A - like cells. The most abundant source of this very important factor in
      energy homeostasis is gastric fundus. Regulatory mechanisms of ghrelin synthesis
      and secretion in physiological and pathological states are not discovered
      completely. The aim of our study was evaluation of the activity of gastric X/A
      like cells in obese patients before and after the most popular surgical bariatric
      procedures - Roux - Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric
      Banding (LAGB). Obese patients in number 18 took part in the study. LAGB was
      performed in 7 patients and RYGB in 11 patients. Peripheral blood was taken from
      each patient before operation and first day, seventh day, one month and three
      months after surgery. Ghrelin level was determined by RIA technique. The specimen
      of stomach was taken from circular stapler after gastrojejunostomy during RYGB
      and immunohistochemical study of gastric mucosa, using the EnVision method and
      specific monoclonal antybodies against ghrelin was performed. The intensity of
      ghrelin-immunoreactivity in X/A-like cells was analyzed using Olympus Cell D
      image analysis system. Efficiency of bariatric procedures was estimated by EWL-
      excess weight loss. We observed very strong immunohistochemical reactions of
      gastric X/A-like cells, accompanied by lower ghrelin plasma concentration, in
      comparison to the control group. LAGB procedure induced increase of ghrelin
      plasma level while RYGB procedure induced decrease of this hormone. The main
      finding of the present study is the hypoactivity of gastric X/A-like cells in
      obese patients in comparison to the control group.

PMID- 19995719
TI  - Expression of galectin-3 in nephrotic syndrome glomerulopaties in children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Galectins are a family of ancient animal carbohydrate binding
      proteins; the name is from their description as beta-galactoside-specific
      lectins. They have been strongly implicated in inflammation and cancer. Studies
      of the association of galectins with various aspects of kidney disease in humans
      are still at an early stage. In line with the above, the aim of the present
      report was to analyse the immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 (the only
      chimera galectin currently identified) in renal biopsy specimens of children with
      idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen children with
      minimal change disease (MCD), 30 with diffuse mesangial proliferation (DMP) and
      11 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) treated between 2003 and 2006
      in the Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of
      Medical Sciences. An indirect immunohistochemical protocol using a polyclonal
      rabbit antibody against human galectin-3 was employed. RESULTS: In the control,
      MCD and DMP children who responded to steroid therapy anti-galectin-3 reactivity
      was present both in renal cortex and medulla. It was the strongest within
      cortical collecting ducts and subjectively less expressed in distal tubules. The
      total number of galectin-3 positive cortical and medullary segments of collecting
      ducts was significantly higher in the subjects who did not respond to steroid
      therapy These patients revealed also immunohistochemical reactivity of galectin-3
      within nuclei of individual glomerular mesangial cells (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: A
      suggested galectin-3 authority in mature human glomeruli during proteinuric
      glomerulopathies may indicate, on the one hand, its anti-inflammatory effect, but
      on the other can prognosticate a further glomerular reconstruction leading to
      FSGS. Taken together, both glomerular and extraglomerular galectin-3
      immunoreactivity in certain DMP individuals could be regarded as the factor of
      unfavourable prognosis.

PMID- 19995720
TI  - Leptin concentrations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after
      met-formin treatment depending on insulin resistance, body mass index and
      androgen con-centrations--introductory report.
AB  - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinological and metabolic disorder
      which may concern about 3-8% of women. Some PCOS women have the increased leptin
      concentration in blood serum. Leptin concentration is higher in patients with
      high body mass index (BMI) and impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin. The aim of
      this study was to determine leptin concentrations in PCOS patients before and
      after metformin treatment depending on BMI, insulin resistance calculated on the
      basis of the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index, as well as concentrations
      of androgens: testosterone and androstendion. Such values as BMI, insulin
      resistance according to the HOMA index, and concentrations of androstendion,
      testosterone and leptin were determined in 35 patients with PCOS before and after
      3-month metformin treatment administered in daily doses of 2 x 850 mg. Increased
      leptin levels before the therapy were observed in 91.3% (21 out of 23) of obese
      patients, in 75% (9 out of 12) non-obese patients, in 100% (8 patients) insulin
      resistance women, in 81.5% (22 out of 27) insulin sensitive patients, in 94.7%
      (18 out of 19) women with elevated androstendion concentration and in 75% (12 out
      of 16) with normal androstendion concentration, in 93.7% (15 out of 16) patients
      with increased testosterone concentration and in 78.9% (15 out of 19) patients
      with testosterone concentrations within the normal range. After treatment
      statistically significant decrease in leptin concentration was obtained in the
      patients with BMI<or=25, insulin-sensitive patients (HOMA<3.8) and patients whose
      testosterone and androstendion concentrations stayed within normal limits.
      Increased leptin concentrations may be one of the elements of PCOS clinical
      picture. Metformin treatment considerably reduces leptin concentration, if it is
      employed in non-obese PCOS patients, patients with normal an-drogen
      concentrations and those who not have an impaired glucose tolerance.

PMID- 19995721
TI  - Activation-tagged suppressors of a weak brassinosteroid receptor mutant.
AB  - Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant hormones that act synergistically with
      auxin to regulate a variety of plant developmental and physiological processes.
      In the past decade, genetic and biochemical studies have revealed a linear
      signaling pathway that relies on protein phosphorylation to transmit the BR
      signal into the nucleus, altering expression of hundreds of genes to promote
      plant growth. We conducted an activation-tagging based suppressor screen to look
      for Arabidopsis genes that, when overexpressed by inserted 35S enhancer elements,
      could suppress the dwarf phenotype of a weak BR receptor mutant bri1-301. This
      screen identified a total of six dominant activation-tagged bri1 suppressors
      (atbs-Ds). Using a plasmid rescue approach, we discovered that the bri1-301
      suppression effect in four atbs-D mutants (atbs3-D to atbs6-D) was caused by
      overexpression of a YUCCA gene thought to be involved in tryptophan-dependent
      auxin biosynthesis. Interestingly, the three activation-tagged YUCCA genes belong
      to the YUCCA IIA subfamily that includes two other members out of 11 known
      Arabidopsis YUCCA genes. In addition, our molecular studies revealed a T-DNA
      insertion near a basic helix-loop-helix gene in atbs1-D and a T-DNA insertion in
      a region carrying a BR biosynthetic gene in atbs2-D. Further studies of these
      atbs-D mutants could lead to better understanding of the BR signaling process and
      the BR-auxin interaction.

PMID- 19995722
TI  - Towards characterization of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex.
AB  - The NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex in chloroplast thylakoid membranes
      functions in cyclic electron transfer, and in chlororespiration. NDH is composed
      of at least 15 subunits, including both chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded
      proteins. During the past few years, extensive proteomic and genetic research on
      the higher plant NDH complex has been carried out, resulting in identification of
      several novel nuclear-encoded subunits. In addition, a number of auxiliary
      proteins, which mainly regulate the expression of chloroplast-encoded ndh genes
      as well as the assembly and stabilization of the NDH complex, have been
      discovered and characterized. In the absence of detailed crystallographic data,
      the structure of the NDH complex has remained obscure, and therefore the role of
      several NDH-associated nuclear-encoded proteins either as auxiliary proteins or
      structural subunits remains uncertain. In this review, we summarize the current
      knowledge on the subunit composition and assembly process of the chloroplast NDH
      complex. In addition, a novel oligomeric structure of NDH, the PSI/NDH
      supercomplex, is discussed.

PMID- 19995723
TI  - The chloroplast kinase network: new insights from large-scale phosphoproteome
      profiling.
AB  - Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational
      modifications in eukaryotic cells and affects almost all basic cellular
      processes. The chloroplast as plant-specific cell organelle with important
      metabolic functions is integrated into the cellular signaling and phosphorylation
      network. Recent large-scale chloroplast phosphoproteome analyses in Arabidopsis
      have provided new information about phosphorylation targets and expanded the list
      of chloroplast metabolic and regulatory functions that are potentially controlled
      by protein phosphorylation. Phosphorylated peptides identified from chloroplast
      proteins provide new insights into phosphorylation motifs, protein kinase
      activities, and substrate utilization. Phosphorylation sites in protein kinases
      can reveal chloroplast phosphorylation cascades that may network different
      functions by integrating signaling chains. Our review provides a meta-analysis of
      currently available chloroplast phosphoproteome information and discusses
      biological insights from large-scale chloroplast phosphoprotein profiling as well
      as technological constraints of kinase network analysis.

PMID- 19995724
TI  - Preprotein import into chloroplasts via the Toc and Tic complexes is regulated by
      redox signals in Pisum sativum.
AB  - The import of nuclear-encoded preproteins is necessary to maintain chloroplast
      function. The recognition and transfer of most precursor proteins across the
      chloroplast envelopes are facilitated by two membrane-inserted protein complexes,
      the translocons of the chloroplast outer and inner envelope (Toc and Tic
      complexes, respectively). Several signals have been invoked to regulate the
      import of preproteins. In our study, we were interested in redox-based import
      regulation mediated by two signals: regulation based on thiols and on the
      metabolic NADP+/NADPH ratio. We sought to identify the proteins participating in
      the regulation of these transport pathways and to characterize the preprotein
      subgroups whose import is redox-dependent. Our results provide evidence that the
      formation and reduction of disulfide bridges in the Toc receptors and Toc
      translocation channel have a strong influence on import yield of all tested
      preproteins that depend on the Toc complex for translocation. Furthermore, the
      metabolic NADP+/NADPH ratio influences not only the composition of the Tic
      complex, but also the import efficiency of most, but not all, preproteins tested.
      Thus, several Tic subcomplexes appear to participate in the translocation of
      different preprotein subgroups, and the redox-active components of these
      complexes likely play a role in regulating transport.

PMID- 19995725
TI  - GUN4 is required for posttranslational control of plant tetrapyrrole
      biosynthesis.
AB  - In aerobic photosynthetic organisms, GUN4 binds the chlorophyll intermediates
      protoporphyrin and Mg protoporphyrin, stimulates Mg chelatase activity, and is
      implicated in plastidic retrograde signaling. GUN4 expression is most abundant in
      young and greening tissues and parallels the activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid
      (ALA) ALA and Mg porphyrin biosynthesis during photoperiodic growth. We explored
      function and mode of action of GUN4 using GUN4-deficient and overexpressing
      plants. GUN4 overexpression leads to a general activation of the enzymes of
      chlorophyll biosynthesis. During photoperiodic growth GUN4 deficiency prevents
      ALA synthesis and chlorophyll accumulation. All these metabolic changes do not
      correlate with altered gene expression or changes of protein abundance in
      tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. While ALA feeding fails to compensate GUN4 deficiency
      during light-dark growth, this approach results in chlorophyll accumulation under
      continuous dim light. A new model defines the involvement of GUN4 in
      posttranslational regulation of ALA and Mg porphyrin synthesis, to sustain
      chlorophyll synthesis, namely under varying environmental conditions.

PMID- 19995726
TI  - Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant, but FtsZ-based
      plastid division is not essential for chloroplast partitioning or plant growth
      and development.
AB  - FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct families of FtsZ in plants that co
      localize to mid-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants,
      altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in
      chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZ
      genes require careful manipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the
      functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana,
      FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null mutant, and vice
      versa, and determined whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in
      plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when
      either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approximated total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type
      (WT). Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2-1.
      These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for
      chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirement of
      each FtsZ family for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo,
      and vice versa, while maintaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal
      to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued,
      demonstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for maintenance
      of WT chloroplast numbers. Finally, we generated ftsZ triple null mutants and
      show that plants completely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As
      plastids are presumably essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ
      independent mode of plastid partitioning may occur in higher plants.

PMID- 19995727
TI  - The Chlamydomonas chloroplast HLP protein is required for nucleoid organization
      and genome maintenance.
AB  - The chloroplasts genome (plastome) occurs at high copy numbers per cell. Several
      chloroplast genome copies are densely packed into nucleoprotein particles called
      nucleoids. How genome packaging occurs and which proteins organize chloroplast
      nucleoids are largely unknown. Here, we have analyzed the Chlamydomonas
      reinhardtii homolog of the bacterial architectural DNA-binding protein HU, the
      histone-like protein HLP. We show that the Chlamydomonas HLP protein is targeted
      to chloroplasts and associates with nucleoids. Knockdown of HLP gene expression
      by RNA interference (RNAi) alters the structure of chloroplast nucleoids and
      appears to reduce the level of compaction of chloroplast DNA. Unexpectedly, also
      chloroplast genome copy numbers are significantly decreased in the RNAi strains,
      suggesting that, in addition to its architectural role in nucleoid formation, the
      HLP protein is also involved in chloroplast genome maintenance.

PMID- 19995728
TI  - Proteomic analysis of the proplastid envelope membrane provides novel insights
      into small molecule and protein transport across proplastid membranes.
AB  - Proplastids are undifferentiated plastids of meristematic tissues that synthesize
      amino acids for protein synthesis, fatty acids for membrane lipid production, and
      purines and pyrimidines for DNA and RNA synthesis. Unlike chloroplasts,
      proplastids depend on supply, with reducing power, energy, and precursor
      metabolites from the remainder of the cell. Comparing proplastid and chloroplast
      envelope proteomes and the corresponding transcriptomes of leaves and shoot apex
      revealed a clearly distinct composition of the proplastid envelope. It is geared
      towards import of metabolic precursors and export of product metabolites for the
      rapidly dividing cell. The analysis also suggested a new role for the
      triosephosphate translocator in meristematic tissues, identified the route of
      organic nitrogen import into proplastids, and detected an adenine nucleotide
      exporter. The protein import complex contains the import receptors Toc120 and
      Toc132 and lacks the redox sensing complex subunits of Tic32, Tic55, and Tic62,
      which mirrors the expression patterns of the corresponding genes in leaves and
      the shoot apex. We further show that the protein composition of the internal
      membrane system is similar to etioplasts, as it is dominated by the ATP synthase
      complex and thus remarkably differs from that of chloroplast thylakoids.

PMID- 19995729
TI  - Myosin XI is required for actin-associated movement of plastid stromules.
AB  - Stromules are highly dynamic stroma-filled tubules extending from the surface of
      plastids and occasionally interconnecting individual plastids, allowing the
      movement of complex biological molecules between the interconnected plastids.
      Experiments with inhibitors of cytoskeleton assembly have indicated the
      involvement of an actin-based system in stromule movement. However, the motor
      protein associated with the system had not been identified. Here, we present
      direct evidence that myosin XI is involved in the formation and movement of
      stromules in tobacco leaves. Application of 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime, an
      inhibitor of myosin ATPase activity, resulted in the loss of stromules from
      tobacco leaf epidermal cells. Transient RNA interference of myosin XI in leaves
      of Nicotiana benthamiana also resulted in the loss of stromules from epidermal
      cells, without any effect on transcripts for actin or myosin VIII. Transient
      expression of a GFP-tagged myosin XI tail domain in tobacco leaf epidermal cells
      showed that the fusion protein localized to the chloroplast envelope, as well as
      to mitochondria and other organelles. Our findings identify myosin XI as a key
      protein involved in the formation and movement of stromules.

PMID- 19995730
TI  - Multiple redox and non-redox interactions define 2-Cys peroxiredoxin as a
      regulatory hub in the chloroplast.
AB  - In plants, the highly abundant 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-CysPrx) is associated
      with the chloroplast and involved in protecting photosynthesis. This work
      addresses the multiple interactions of the 2-CysPrx in the chloroplast, which
      depend on its redox state. Transcript co-regulation analysis showed a strong
      linkage to the peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans isomerase Cyclophilin 20-3 (Cyp20-3) and
      other components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Co-expression in protoplasts
      and quantification of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency in
      vivo confirmed protein interactions of 2-CysPrx with Cyp20-3 as well as NADPH
      dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), while thioredoxin x (Trx-x) did not
      form complexes that could enable FRET. Likewise, changes in FRET of fluorescently
      labeled 2-CysPrx in vitro and in vivo proved redox dependent dynamics of 2
      CysPrx. Addition of Cyp20-3 to an in vitro peroxidase assay with 2-CysPrx had no
      significant effect on peroxide reduction. Also, in the presence of NTRC, addition
      of Cyp20-3 did not further enhance peroxide reduction. In addition, 2-CysPrx
      functioned as chaperone and inhibited aggregation of citrate synthase during heat
      treatment. This activity was partly inhibited by Cyp20-3. As a new interaction
      partner of decameric 2-CysPrx, photosystem II could be identified after
      chloroplast fractionation and in pull-down assays after reconstitution. In
      summary, the data indicate a dynamic function of plant 2-CysPrx as redox sensor,
      chaperone, and regulator in the chloroplast with diverse functions beyond its
      role as thiol peroxidase.

PMID- 19995731
TI  - Dual targeting to mitochondria and chloroplasts: characterization of Thr-tRNA
      synthetase targeting peptide.
AB  - There is a group of proteins that are encoded by a single gene, expressed as a
      single precursor protein and dually targeted to both mitochondria and
      chloroplasts using an ambiguous targeting peptide. Sequence analysis of 43 dual
      targeted proteins in comparison with 385 mitochondrial proteins and 567
      chloroplast proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed an overall significant
      increase in phenylalanines, leucines, and serines and a decrease in acidic amino
      acids and glycine in dual targeting peptides (dTPs). The N-terminal portion of
      dTPs has significantly more serines than mTPs. The number of arginines is similar
      to those in mTPs, but almost twice as high as those in cTPs. We have investigated
      targeting determinants of the dual targeting peptide of Thr-tRNA synthetase
      (ThrRS-dTP) studying organellar import of N- and C-terminal deletion constructs
      of ThrRS-dTP coupled to GFP. These results show that the 23 amino acid long N
      terminal portion of ThrRS-dTP is crucial but not sufficient for the organellar
      import. The C-terminal deletions revealed that the shortest peptide that was
      capable of conferring dual targeting was 60 amino acids long. We have purified
      the ThrRS-dTP(2-60) to homogeneity after its expression as a fusion construct
      with GST followed by CNBr cleavage and ion exchange chromatography. The purified
      ThrRS-dTP(2-60) inhibited import of pF1beta into mitochondria and of pSSU into
      chloroplasts at microM concentrations showing that dual and organelle-specific
      proteins use the same organellar import pathways. Furthermore, the CD spectra of
      ThrRS-dTP(2-60) indicated that the peptide has the propensity for forming alpha
      helical structure in membrane mimetic environments; however, the membrane charge
      was not important for the amount of induced helical structure. This is the first
      study in which a dual targeting peptide has been purified and investigated by
      biochemical and biophysical means.

PMID- 19995732
TI  - Defining the mitochondrial stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - To obtain a global overview of how mitochondria respond to stress, we aimed to
      define the plant mitochondrial stress response (MSR). By combining a set of 1196
      Arabidopsis thaliana genes that putatively encode mitochondrial proteins with 16
      microarray experiments on stress-related conditions, 45 nuclear encoded genes
      were defined as widely stress-responsive. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP)
      fusion assays, the mitochondrial targeting of a large number of these proteins
      was tested, confirming in total 26 proteins as mitochondrially targeted. Several
      of these proteins were observed to be dual targeted to mitochondria and plastids,
      including the small heat shock proteins sHSP23.5 and sHSP23.6. In addition to the
      well defined stress components of mitochondria, such as alternative oxidases,
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) dehydrogenases, and heat shock
      proteins, a variety of other proteins, many with unknown function, were
      identified. The mitochondrial carrier protein family was over-represented in the
      stress-responsive genes, suggesting that stress induces altered needs for
      metabolite transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Although the genes
      encoding many of these proteins contain common cis-acting regulatory elements, it
      was apparent that a number of distinct regulatory processes or signals likely
      triggered the MSR. Therefore, these genes provide new model systems to study
      mitochondrial retrograde regulation, in addition to the widely used alternative
      oxidase model. Additionally, as changes in proteins responsive to stress did not
      correlate well with changes at a transcript level, it suggests that post
      transcriptional mechanisms also play an important role in defining the MSR.

PMID- 19995733
TI  - Chloroplast proteins without cleavable transit peptides: rare exceptions or a
      major constituent of the chloroplast proteome?
AB  - Most chloroplast proteins (cp proteins) are nucleus-encoded, synthesized on
      cytosolic ribosomes as precursor proteins containing a presequence (cTP), and
      post-translationally imported via the Tic/Toc complex into the organelle, where
      the cTP is removed. Only a few unambiguous instances of cp proteins that do not
      require cTPs (non-canonical cp proteins) have been reported so far. However, the
      survey of data from large-scale proteomic studies presented here suggests that
      the fraction of such proteins in the total cp proteome might be as large as
      approximately 30%. To explore this discrepancy, we chose a representative set of
      28 putative non-canonical cp proteins, and used in vitro import and Red
      Fluorescent Protein (RFP)-fusion assays to determine their sub-cellular
      destinations. Four proteins, including embryo defective 1211, glycolate oxidase
      2, protein disulfide isomerase-like protein (PDII), and a putative glutathione S
      transferase, could be unambiguously assigned to the chloroplast. Several others
      ('potential cp proteins') were found to be imported into chloroplasts in vitro,
      but failed to localize to the organelle when RFP was fused to their C-terminal
      ends. Extrapolations suggest that the fraction of cp proteins that enter the
      inner compartments of the organelle, although they lack a cTP, might be as large
      as 11.4% of the total cp proteome. Our data also support the idea that cytosolic
      proteins that associate with the cp outer membrane might account for false
      positive cp proteins obtained in earlier studies.

PMID- 19995734
TI  - A myosin XI tail domain homologous to the yeast myosin vacuole-binding domain
      interacts with plastids and stromules in Nicotiana benthamiana.
AB  - The actin cytoskeleton plays a role in mobility of many different organelles in
      plant cells, including chloroplasts, mitochondria, Golgi, and peroxisomes. While
      progress has been made in identifying the myosin motors involved in trafficking
      of various plant organelles, not all of the cargoes mobilized by different
      members of the myosin XI family have yet been identified. The involvement of
      myosins in chloroplast positioning and mitochondrial movement was demonstrated by
      expression of a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) construct in tobacco. When
      VIGS with two different conserved sequences from a myosin XI motor was performed
      in plants with either GFP-labeled plastids or mitochondria, chloroplast
      positioning in the dark was abnormal, and mitochondrial movement ceased. Because
      these and prior observations have implicated a role for myosins and the actin
      cytoskeleton in plastid and stromule movement, we searched for myosin tail
      domains that could associate with plastids and stromules. While a yellow
      fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion with the entire tail region of myosin XI-F was
      usually found only in the cytoplasm, we observed that an Arabidopsis or Nicotiana
      benthamiana YFP::myosin XI-F tail domain homologous to the yeast myo2p vacuole
      binding domain associated with plastids and stromules after transient expression
      in N. benthamiana. Taken together, these observations implicate myosin motor
      proteins in dynamics of plastids and stromules.

PMID- 19995735
TI  - Arabidopsis OBG-like GTPase (AtOBGL) is localized in chloroplasts and has an
      essential function in embryo development.
AB  - OBG-like GTPases, a subfamily of P-loop GTPases, have divers and important
      functions in bacteria, including initiation of sporulation, DNA replication, and
      protein translation. Homologs of the Bacillus subtilis spo0B GTP-binding protein
      (OBG) can be found in plants and algae but their specific function in these
      organisms has not yet been elucidated. Here, it is shown that AT5G18570 encodes
      an Arabidopsis thaliana OBG-like protein (AtOBGL) that is localized in
      chloroplasts. In contrast to the bacterial members of this protein family, AtOBGL
      and other OBG-like proteins from green algae and plants possess an additional N
      terminal domain, indicating functional adaptation. Disruption of the gene locus
      of ATOBGL by TDNA insertion resulted in an embryo-lethal phenotype and light
      microscopy using Normarski optics revealed that embryo maturation in the atobgl
      mutant is arrested at the late globular stage before development of a green
      embryo. Expression of 35S::ATOBGL within the atobgl mutant background could
      rescue the mutant phenotype, confirming that embryo-lethality is caused by the
      loss of AtOBGL. Together, the data show that the bacterial-derived OBG-like
      GTPases have retained an essential role in chloroplasts of plants and algae. They
      furthermore corroborate the significance of chloroplast functions for embryo
      development - an important stage within the Arabidopsis lifecycle.

PMID- 19995736
TI  - Molecular characterization of the Calvin cycle enzyme phosphoribulokinase in the
      stramenopile alga Vaucheria litorea and the plastid hosting mollusc Elysia
      chlorotica.
AB  - Phosphoribulokinase (PRK), a nuclear-encoded plastid-localized enzyme unique to
      the photosynthetic carbon reduction (Calvin) cycle, was cloned and characterized
      from the stramenopile alga Vaucheria litorea. This alga is the source of plastids
      for the mollusc (sea slug) Elysia chlorotica which enable the animal to survive
      for months solely by photoautotrophic CO2 fixation. The 1633-bp V. litorea prk
      gene was cloned and the coding region, found to be interrupted by four introns,
      encodes a 405-amino acid protein. This protein contains the typical bipartite
      target sequence expected of nuclear-encoded proteins that are directed to complex
      (i.e. four membrane-bound) algal plastids. De novo synthesis of PRK and enzyme
      activity were detected in E. chlorotica in spite of having been starved of V.
      litorea for several months. Unlike the algal enzyme, PRK in the sea slug did not
      exhibit redox regulation. Two copies of partial PRK-encoding genes were isolated
      from both sea slug and aposymbiotic sea slug egg DNA using PCR. Each copy
      contains the nucleotide region spanning exon 1 and part of exon 2 of V. litorea
      prk, including the bipartite targeting peptide. However, the larger prk fragment
      also includes intron 1. The exon and intron sequences of prk in E. chlorotica and
      V. litorea are nearly identical. These data suggest that PRK is differentially
      regulated in V. litorea and E. chlorotica and at least a portion of the V.
      litorea nuclear PRK gene is present in sea slugs that have been starved for
      several months.

PMID- 19995738
TI  - Alb4 of Arabidopsis promotes assembly and stabilization of a non chlorophyll
      binding photosynthetic complex, the CF1CF0-ATP synthase.
AB  - All members of the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 protein family are evolutionarily conserved and
      appear to function in membrane protein integration and protein complex
      stabilization. Here, we report on a second thylakoidal isoform of Alb3, named
      Alb4. Analysis of Arabidopsis knockout mutant lines shows that Alb4 is required
      in assembly and/or stability of the CF1CF0-ATP synthase (ATPase). alb4 mutant
      lines not only have reduced steady-state levels of ATPase subunits, but also
      their assembly into high-molecular-mass complexes is altered, leading to a
      reduction of ATP synthesis in the mutants. Moreover, we show that Alb4 but not
      Alb3 physically interacts with the subunits CF1beta and CF0II. Summarizing, the
      data indicate that Alb4 functions to stabilize or promote assembly of CF1 during
      its attachment to the membrane-embedded CF0 part.

PMID- 19995737
TI  - In vivo studies on the roles of Tic55-related proteins in chloroplast protein
      import in Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - The Tic55 (Translocon at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts, 55 kDa)
      protein was identified in pea as a putative regulator, possibly linking
      chloroplast protein import to the redox state of the photosynthetic machinery.
      Two Tic55 homologs have been proposed to exist in Arabidopsis: atTic55-II and
      AtPTC52 (Protochlorophyllide-dependent Translocon Component, 52 kDa; has also
      been called atTic55-IV). Our phylogenetic analysis shows that atTic55-II is an
      ortholog of psTic55 from pea (Pisum sativum), and that AtPTC52 is a more distant
      homolog of the two. AtPTC52 was included in this study to rule out possible
      functional links between the proteins in Arabidopsis. No detectable mutant
      phenotypes were found in two independent T-DNA knockout mutant plant lines for
      each Arabidopsis protein, when compared with wild-type: visible appearance,
      chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance, and chloroplast protein import,
      for example, were all normal. Both wild-type and tic55-II mutant chloroplasts
      exhibited deficient protein import when treated with diethylpyrocarbonate,
      indicating that Tic55 is not the sole target of this reagent in relation to
      protein import. Furthermore, ptc52 mutant chloroplasts were not defective with
      respect to pPORA import, which was previously reported to involve PTC52 in
      barley. Thus, we conclude that atTic55-II and AtPTC52 are not strictly required
      for functional protein import in Arabidopsis.

PMID- 19995739
TI  - Advances in targeted therapies XI.

PMID- 19995740
TI  - Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic
      diseases, 2009.

PMID- 19995741
TI  - Evidence for microRNA-mediated regulation in rheumatic diseases.
AB  - MicroRNA (miRNA), a group of short non-coding RNA of approximately 20-22
      nucleotides modulating the stability and translational efficiency of target
      messenger RNA, present an important new layer controlling gene expression.
      Hundreds to a thousand miRNA have been identified and are predicted to regulate
      at least one-third of protein-coding transcripts in the mammalian genome. This
      study reviews the recent advances reinforcing the awareness that miRNA are key
      players in rheumatic diseases by regulating major pathogenic molecules, such as
      tumour necrosis factor, central signal pathways, such as type I interferon
      pathway and critical immunoregulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells. In
      animals, blockade of miRNA maturation by the deletion of Dicer or Drasha,
      interference with miRNA function by the mutation of Roquin and the altered
      expression of individual miRNA (miR-146a) or miRNA cluster (miR-17-92) all lead
      to the development of autoimmune diseases. Growing evidence also reveals the
      differential expression of certain immunity-regulating miRNA in rheumatoid
      patients. The features of miRNA-mediated regulation, the direction of future
      miRNA study in rheumatic diseases and the application of miRNA in diagnosis,
      therapy and prognosis will also be briefly discussed.

PMID- 19995742
TI  - Does gene expression analysis inform us in rheumatoid arthritis?
AB  - Transcription profiling has become a standard technology in research. It is
      mainly applied in the search for biomarkers to improve diagnostic and prognostic
      classification, to quantify disease activity and to predict or indicate response
      to therapy. This review will focus on rheumatoid arthritis and discuss
      considerations for sample selection, prerequisites for functional interpretation
      of data and the current status of information deduced in the field of biomarkers
      for the various clinical questions. In the next few years, prediction of response
      to treatment is the most important aim of biomarker research. With the growing
      number of new biological agents, there is increasing pressure to identify
      molecular parameters that will not only guide the therapeutic decision but also
      help to define the most important targets for which new biological agents should
      be tested in clinical studies.

PMID- 19995743
TI  - Role of interleukin 33 in human immunopathology.
AB  - Interleukin 33 (IL33) is a recently described member of the IL1 superfamily of
      cytokines. Originally defined on the basis of T-cell subset differentiation, IL33
      is now recognised to mediate a wider role in regulating components of the innate
      immune response also, particularly via mast cell activation. In this paper the
      basic biology of IL33 is described together with that of its cognate receptor,
      ST2L, and the existing knowledge base for its potential role in mediating human
      pathology across a range of diseases is defined.

PMID- 19995744
TI  - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of fibrotic diseases such as
      systemic sclerosis: towards molecular targeted therapies.
AB  - Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrosing connective tissue disease with
      significantly increased mortality. Therapeutic options to treat fibrosis are
      limited. The small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib and related drugs
      such as dasatinib and nilotinib target simultaneously two of the major
      profibrotic pathways, TGFbeta- and PDGF- signaling. Imatinib, dasatinib and
      nilotinib inhibit collagen synthesis in cultured fibroblasts and have potent anti
      fibrotic effects in animal models of different fibrotic diseases. Moreover,
      several case reports, case series and uncontrolled studies on patients with SSc,
      mixed connective tissue disease, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and in particular
      sclerodermatous graft versus host disease (cGvHD) report regression of fibrosis
      and good tolerability. However, the results of larger controlled trials, which
      are currently ongoing, are needed before any conclusions on efficacy and
      tolerability can be drawn. Until the results of these trials are available, we
      discourage off-label use of Imatinib in single patients.

PMID- 19995745
TI  - What are the new milestones in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis?
AB  - Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving
      the connective tissue of the skin and various internal organs. In recent years
      research on SSc has evolved to provide a better understanding of the
      interdependence of the three major systems involved--namely, the vascular system,
      the immune system and the connective tissue. Hypoxia is increasingly recognised
      as a decisive factor in modulating the inflammatory process in SSc, activating
      fibroblasts and changing their phenotype. In addition, several mediators
      synthesised by immune cells, including cytokines such as transforming growth
      factor beta (TGFbeta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), cooperate in
      inducing the activation of fibroblasts and their differentiation into
      myofibroblasts. Therefore, a variety of intracellular and extracellular
      strategies to inhibit the activity of TGFbeta and PDGF are currently receiving
      intense investigation. To further improve our therapeutic strategies for this
      paradigmatic fibrotic disease, an improved understanding of connective tissue
      remodelling as it takes place in the different stages of SSc will be imperative.

PMID- 19995746
TI  - Inflammation, vascular injury and repair in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The systemic pro-inflammatory state present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis through chronic endothelial
      activation. Uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase plays a central role
      in the amplification of oxidative signalling pathways that chronically activate
      and, ultimately, injure the endothelium. Recent studies indicate that the
      resultant loss of endothelial integrity in patients with RA may also involve
      defects in the vascular regenerative potential provided by circulating
      endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). This is most likely the consequence of
      endothelial cell dysfunction in the bone marrow stroma, which hampers the
      mobilisation of these EPC to the circulation. In addition, mediators of systemic
      inflammation in RA can affect a second pathway of vascular regeneration. Under
      normal circumstances, myeloid CD14+ cells can adopt a pro-angiogenic phenotype
      that plays a key role in vascular remodelling and collateral formation. However,
      the chronic systemic inflammation observed in patients with RA may skew the
      differentiation of bone marrow and circulating CD14+ cells in such a way that
      these cells lose their capacity to support collateral formation, increasing the
      risk of cardiovascular disease. Taken together, in patients with RA, the impaired
      capacity of circulating cells to support vascular regeneration may comprise a
      novel pathway in the development of premature atherosclerosis.

PMID- 19995747
TI  - Heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis: understanding the risks.
AB  - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of mortality
      compared with the general population. Evidence suggests that this increased
      mortality can largely be attributed to increased cardiovascular death. In a
      retrospective study of an inception cohort of RA patients in Rochester, MN, the
      contribution of traditional and RA-specific risk factors was investigated to this
      increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several traditional
      cardiovascular risk factors were found to behave differently in RA patients. In
      addition, their associations with cardiovascular disease are weaker in RA
      patients as increased inflammation associated with RA also appears to contribute
      substantially to the increased cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, the impact
      of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologicals on cardiovascular
      disease in RA patients is unclear. Cardiovascular risk scores for the general
      population may underestimate the risk for RA patients. Together with other
      studies that have demonstrated similar associations between RA and cardiovascular
      mortality, these data suggest that optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors
      is important, but not sufficient in RA patients. RA-specific cardiovascular risk
      prediction tools are needed, as well as clinical trials to assess the impact of
      therapies and tight control of inflammation in RA patients on cardiovascular
      outcomes and mortality.

PMID- 19995748
TI  - Treg and lupus.
AB  - Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythemathodes (SLE) display
      quantitative and/or qualitative deficiencies of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
      (Treg). This might contribute to the immune dysregulation and break-down of
      peripheral tolerance mechanisms. In addition novel subsets of Treg might arise
      under specific autoimmune conditions as an effort to counteract autoimmunity.
      Advances in our understanding of how to characterise and manipulate Treg in
      patients with autoimmune diseases are required in order to develop new
      therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 19995749
TI  - XBP1: the last two decades.
AB  - The transcription factor X box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) was isolated two decades
      ago in a search for regulators of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II
      gene expression. Many years of research finally revealed a protein with many
      functions, none of them related to the MHC. This paper provided an overview of
      what this multifunctional transcription factor actually does.

PMID- 19995750
TI  - Can we prevent immunogenicity of human protein drugs?
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have proved to be extremely valuable additions to
      conventional treatment for rheumatic diseases. However, despite the general trend
      towards "humanisation", these drugs remain immunogenic in clinical settings,
      baffling drug developers. In principle, humanised and fully human monoclonal
      antibodies are "self" immunoglobulins and should be tolerated. In this overview,
      the factors that may influence this process, the nature of immunogenicity and
      methods to analyse and modify potential immunogenicity are discussed. Finally,
      novel approaches to "re-induce" immunological tolerance to these proteins,
      including gene therapy and the recognition of unique regulatory epitopes, are
      outlined.

PMID- 19995751
TI  - "Go upstream, young man": lessons learned from the p38 saga.
AB  - Despite the success of biological therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), orally
      active small-molecule drugs are desirable. Signal transduction inhibitors have
      been the focus of intense efforts, with some recent notable successes and
      failures. p38alpha is a signalling molecule that regulates proinflammatory
      cytokines, which makes it a logical target for RA. Unfortunately, selective
      p38alpha inhibitors have limited efficacy. An attempt is made here to put these
      studies into perspective and offer possible explanations for the failure of
      p38alpha blockers. Alternative strategies, such as targeting kinases higher in
      the signalling cascade or using less selective compounds, might be more
      successful as suggested by the efficacy seen with Syk and JAK inhibitors.

PMID- 19995752
TI  - The role of cell-substrate interaction in regulating osteoclast activation:
      potential implications in targeting bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Analysis of tissues retrieved from the bone-pannus interface from patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and studies in animal models of inflammatory arthritis
      provide strong evidence that osteoclasts, the cells that are essential for
      physiological bone resorption, are responsible for articular bone destruction in
      RA. However, current treatments that specifically target osteoclast-mediated bone
      resorption in RA have not been successful in preventing bone erosions, and new
      therapeutic strategies are needed. It has been noted that, although osteoclast
      precursors are present within the bone microenvironment at sites of pathological
      bone resorption, cells expressing the full morphological and functional
      properties of mature osteoclasts are restricted to the immediate bone surface and
      adjacent calcified cartilage. These findings provide evidence that, in addition
      to requirements for specific cytokines, interaction of osteoclast precursors with
      these mineralised matrices results in activation of specific signal pathways and
      the induction of unique gene products that are essential for terminal osteoclast
      differentiation and activation. These studies are designed to define the gene
      products and signalling pathways regulated by bone and calcified cartilage, to
      identify new molecular targets and novel therapeutic approaches for preventing
      osteoclast-mediated joint destruction in RA and related forms of pathological
      bone loss.

PMID- 19995753
TI  - Bone development and inflammatory disease is regulated by AP-1 (Fos/Jun).
AB  - The Fos and Jun proteins are members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex,
      which is a central regulator for many cellular functions. This paper summarises
      the important functions of Fos proteins in bone development, with special
      emphasis on the Fos-related proteins Fra-1 and Fra-2. These factors determine the
      functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and regulate cytokine signalling during
      bone development. Likewise, the Jun proteins control the expression of cytokines
      and chemokines and are probably causally involved in inflammatory skin diseases
      such as psoriasis. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms responsible for
      skin inflammation have revealed that Jun proteins control cytokine expression,
      such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor
      alpha by transcriptional and posttranscriptional pathways. Finally, the paper
      discusses the relevance of the Jun-dependent mouse model for psoriasis for
      preclinical studies in the field of anti-angiogenic therapies.

PMID- 19995754
TI  - The value of productivity: human-capital versus friction-cost method.
AB  - Many cost-of-illness studies have investigated the impact of rheumatoid arthritis
      on productivity, invariably concluding that productivity costs are high.
      Different methods exist to value productivity. The human-capital method takes the
      patient's perspective and counts any hour not worked as an hour lost. By
      contrast, the friction-cost method takes the employer's perspective, and only
      counts as lost those hours not worked until another employee takes over the
      patient's work. Both methods can produce widely different results. Productivity
      costs have the potential to compensate for the costs of expensive biological
      agents, but only in early-onset disease when patients still have jobs and if
      productivity is given full weight by using the human-capital method. If
      productivity is given less weight by excluding productivity costs or by using the
      friction-cost method, then currently, biological agents are probably too
      expensive.

PMID- 19995755
TI  - The pro and anti-inflammatory activities of immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules are a family of glycoproteins essential for
      defending the body against invading pathogens. The antibody constant domain is
      very potent in initiating proinflammatory pathways such as the activation of
      innate immune effector cells via cellular receptors specific for the antibody
      constant region (Fc receptors) and the activation of the complement pathway.
      During autoimmune disease the normally protective antimicrobial function of these
      molecules is targeted to healthy tissues often with disastrous consequences.
      Interestingly, one successful anti-inflammatory therapy for many autoimmune
      diseases is the infusion of high doses of IgG molecules, the so-called
      intravenous IgG therapy. How one class of molecules can have such opposing
      functions will be the major focus of this review.

PMID- 19995756
TI  - What have we learnt from targeted anti-TNF therapy?
AB  - Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis dates back to 1992, when the first proof-of-principle trials were
      performed in London by Maini and Feldmann. Considerable studies of the mechanism
      of action were performed, and insights into the way in which anti-TNF therapy
      delivers its benefit were obtained. In this brief review, certain aspects of
      knowledge acquired and the many gaps will be reviewed. Focus will be on the TNF
      dependent cytokine cascade and what it means, and potential new approaches to
      treatment. Finally, an entertaining challenge: might many or even all unmet
      clinical needs be dealt with through cytokine analysis?

PMID- 19995757
TI  - A video says more than a thousand words.

PMID- 19995758
TI  - Thinning bone and inhaled corticosteroid in COPD: what to do until there is
      definitive proof?

PMID- 19995759
TI  - The ICU "golden hour" vs morning admissions: do they compete?

PMID- 19995760
TI  - Balancing thromboembolism and bleeding risks: insights from anticoagulation for
      prosthetic heart valves.

PMID- 19995761
TI  - Physician leadership for high-quality care.

PMID- 19995763
TI  - Rapid diagnostic testing for community-acquired pneumonia: can innovative
      technology for clinical microbiology be exploited?
AB  - Two nonsynchronous events have affected the management of community-acquired
      pneumonia (CAP): spiraling empiricism for CAP and the "golden era" of clinical
      microbiology. The development of broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to widespread
      empiric use without ascertaining the etiology of the infecting microbe.
      Unfortunately, this approach clashes with the second event, which is the advent
      of molecular-based microbiology that can identify the causative pathogen rapidly
      at the point of care. The urinary antigen is a most effective rapid test that has
      allowed targeted therapy for Legionnaire disease at the point of care. The high
      specificity (> 90%) allows the clinician to administer appropriate anti
      Legionella therapy based on a single rapid test; however, its low sensitivity
      (76%) means that a notable number of cases of Legionnaire disease will go
      undiagnosed if other tests, especially culture, are not performed. Further,
      culture for Legionella is not readily available. If a culture is not performed,
      epidemiologic identification of the source of the bacterium cannot be ascertained
      by molecular fingerprinting of the patient and the putative source strain. We
      recommend resurrection of the basic principles of infectious disease, which are
      to identify the microbial etiology of the infection and to use narrow, targeted
      antimicrobial therapy. To reduce antimicrobial overuse with subsequent
      antimicrobial resistance, these basic principles must be applied in concert with
      traditional and newer tests in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

PMID- 19995764
TI  - Coagulopathy in critically ill patients: part 1: platelet disorders.
AB  - Abnormalities of platelet number and function are the most common coagulation
      disorders seen among ICU patients. This article reviews the most frequent causes
      of thrombocytopenia by providing an overview of the following most common
      mechanisms: impaired production; sequestration; dilution; and destruction.
      Guidelines for treating thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction are also
      provided.

PMID- 19995765
TI  - The Medicare Physician Quality Reporting Initiative: what do chest physicians
      need to know?
AB  - Health-care consumers, payers, and regulatory agencies have become increasingly
      concerned about the rising cost and perceived deficiencies in the quality of
      health care in the United States. Pay-for-performance initiatives, otherwise
      known as value-based purchasing, are gathering political and public support as a
      method to address these problems. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
      is moving rapidly toward a system in which reimbursement is linked to quality of
      care. Serving as a first step, the Medicare Physician Quality Reporting
      Initiative (PQRI) is a program that rewards providers for reporting their
      performance on certain quality measures. Participating providers receive a bonus
      equal to 2% of their entire Medicare reimbursement for the calendar year if they
      successfully report on at least three measures for 80% of relevant patients seen
      during that year. The performance data are submitted via specifically designated
      Current Procedural Terminology II codes that are added to the usual codes
      submitted on the billing claim. Physicians should strongly consider participating
      in PQRI because it is likely to form the framework for future pay for
      performance, in which the dollars at stake may be much higher.

PMID- 19995766
TI  - Tracheal and endobronchial involvement in disseminated histoplasmosis: a case
      report.
AB  - Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection that can involve any organ when
      disseminated. Although oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and endobronchial involvement
      have been described, direct tracheal involvement has not been reported. We
      describe the first case of disseminated histoplasmosis with direct involvement of
      the trachea. The endobronchial manifestations of histoplasmosis are reviewed.

PMID- 19995767
TI  - Massive transfusion: new insights.
AB  - Massive transfusion (MT) is used for the treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhage.
      Earlier definitive control of life-threatening hemorrhage has significantly
      improved patient outcomes, but MT is still required. A number of recent advances
      in the area of MT have emerged, including the use of "hypotensive" or "delayed"
      resuscitation for victims of penetrating trauma before hemorrhage is controlled
      and "hemostatic resuscitation" with increased use of plasma and platelet
      transfusions in an attempt to maintain coagulation. These advances include the
      earlier use of hemostatic blood products (plasma, platelets, and
      cryoprecipitate), recombinant factor VIIa as an adjunct to the treatment of
      dilutional and consumptive coagulopathy, and a reduction in the use of isotonic
      crystalloid resuscitation. MT protocols have been developed to simplify and
      standardize transfusion practices. The authors of recent studies have advocated a
      1:1:1 ratio of packed RBCs to fresh frozen plasma to platelet transfusions in
      patients requiring MT to avoid dilutional and consumptive coagulopathy and
      thrombocytopenia, and this has been associated with decreased mortality in recent
      reports from combat and civilian trauma. Earlier assessment of the exact nature
      of abnormalities in hemostasis has also been advocated to direct specific
      component and pharmacologic therapy to restore hemostasis, particularly in the
      determination of ongoing fibrinolysis.

PMID- 19995768
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea and stroke.
AB  - Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and stroke are frequent, multifactorial entities
      that share risk factors, and for which case-control and cross-sectional studies
      have shown a strong association. Stroke of respiratory centers can lead to apnea.
      Snoring preceding stroke, documentation of apneas immediately prior to transient
      ischemic attacks, the results of autonomic studies, and the circadian pattern of
      stroke, suggest that untreated OSA can contribute to stroke. Although cohort
      studies indicate that OSA is a stroke risk factor, controversy surrounds the cost
      effectiveness of the screening for and treatment of OSA once stroke has occurred.

PMID- 19995769
TI  - Whole-lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a disease characterized by the deposition
      of amorphous lipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli secondary to abnormal
      processing of surfactant by macrophages. Whole-lung lavage often is performed as
      the first line of treatment for this disease because it is a means to wash out
      the proteinaceous material from the alveoli and reestablish effective oxygenation
      and ventilation. Whole-lung lavage is a large-volume BAL that is performed mainly
      in the treatment of PAP. In brief, it involves the induction of general
      anesthesia followed by isolation of the two lungs with a double-lumen
      endotracheal tube and performance of single-lung ventilation while large-volume
      lavages are performed on the nonventilated lung. Warmed normal saline solution in
      1-L aliquots (total volumes up to 20 L) is instilled into the lung, chest
      physiotherapy is performed, then the proteinaceous effluent is drained with the
      aid of postural positioning. The sequence of events is repeated until such time
      as the effluent, which is initially milky and opaque, becomes clear. This
      procedure results in significant clinical and radiographic improvement secondary
      to the washing out of the proteinaceous material from the alveoli. The whole-lung
      lavage video details all aspects of the procedure, including case selection,
      patient preparation and equipment, a step-by-step review of the procedure, and
      postoperative considerations.

PMID- 19995770
TI  - A lung mass causing cardiovascular impairment.

PMID- 19995771
TI  - A 76-year-old woman with acute CNS symptoms and pulmonary nodules.

PMID- 19995772
TI  - A 46-year-old man with dyspnea and left diaphragm paralysis.

PMID- 19995773
TI  - A 47-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and dyspnea on exertion.

PMID- 19995776
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis.

PMID- 19995779
TI  - FEV1/FEV6 for detection of airflow obstruction: better forget it.

PMID- 19995780
TI  - Health-care-associated pneumonia is primarily due to aspiration pneumonia.

PMID- 19995781
TI  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 19995785
TI  - The flood and ebb of septic shock.

PMID- 19995787
TI  - Relevance of subpleural consolidations in chest ultrasound.

PMID- 19995788
TI  - Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the liver: a case report.
AB  - Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a rare tumor of soft tissues of
      thoraco-pulmonary regions, pelvis and lower extremities. Involvement of visceral
      organs by primitive neuroectodermal tumor is even rarer, with the kidney being
      the most commonly involved organ. Involvement of the liver has been reported in
      the form of metastasis from other primary sources presenting as liver abscess. We
      report a 20-year-old lady presenting with massive hepatomegaly, with computed
      tomography scan evidence of diffuse hepatomegaly and a normal porta and
      intrahepatic biliary radicles. She subsequently underwent ultrasonography-guided
      true-cut needle biopsy of the liver. Histopathology of the liver revealed nests
      of small round blue tumor cells in the background of hepatocytes infiltrating the
      liver, which expressed Mic-2 and Fli-1, and were negative for cytokeratin,
      desmin, hepatocyte-specific antigen (OCHIE5), synaptophysin, chromogranin A and
      CD-20. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD-99-positive. Extensive search regarding
      any possible different site of involvement by the tumor was negative. The patient
      responded to a combination therapy of vincristine, adriamycin and
      cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide 3 weekly over 43 weeks
      and has been doing well even after 1 year of diagnosis. The clinical
      presentation, the macroscopic aspect, together with the histological pattern, the
      cytological characteristic and the cellular immunophenotype lead to the diagnosis
      of primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the liver which responded well to
      combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 19995789
TI  - Tumor multiplicity is an independent prognostic factor of non-muscle-invasive
      high-grade (T1G3) bladder cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Non-muscle-invasive high-grade (T1G3) bladder cancers have high
      potential for progression. The objective of this study is to clarify the
      clinicopathological factors affecting the outcome of T1G3 bladder cancer.
      METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 60 cases of T1G3 bladder cancer between 1994
      and 2006. The correlations of both intravesical recurrence and progression with
      prognostic factors, such as T stage, history of bladder cancer, multiplicity,
      concomitant carcinoma in situ, tumor size, intravesical instillation of bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin and intravesical chemotherapy, were evaluated by multivariate
      analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Median follow-up
      period was 52 months (4-105 months). Thirty-seven cases of intravesical
      recurrence (61.7%) were observed during follow-up. Two- and 5-year recurrence
      free survival rates were 44.1% and 36.1%, respectively. Tumor multiplicity and
      instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin were significantly correlated with
      intravesical recurrence on multivariate analysis. Ten cases of progression
      (16.7%) were observed during the follow-up period. Two- and 5-year progression
      free survival rates were 87.7% and 83.4%, respectively. Only tumor multiplicity
      was significantly correlated with progression on multivariate analysis.
      CONCLUSIONS: T1G3 cancers with multiple lesions showed high risks of intravesical
      recurrence and progression. Although bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation
      reduced the risk of intravesical recurrence, no effect was observed on disease
      progression.

PMID- 19995790
TI  - Duplication of Glu37 in the switch I region of HRAS impairs effector/GAP binding
      and underlies Costello syndrome by promoting enhanced growth factor-dependent
      MAPK and AKT activation.
AB  - Costello syndrome (CS) is a developmental disorder characterized by postnatal
      reduced growth, facial dysmorphism, cardiac defects, mental retardation and skin
      and musculo-skeletal defects. CS is caused by HRAS germline mutations. In the
      majority of cases, mutations affect Gly(12) and Gly(13) and are associated with a
      relatively homogeneous phenotype. The same amino acid substitutions are well
      known as somatic mutations in human tumors and promote constitutive HRAS
      activation by impairing its GTPase activity. In a small number of cases with mild
      phenotype, a second class of substitutions involving codons 117 and 146 and
      affecting GTP/GDP binding has been described. Here, we report on the
      identification and functional characterization of two different three-nucleotide
      duplications resulting in a duplication of glutamate 37 (p.E37dup) associated
      with a homogeneous phenotype reminiscent of CS. Ectopic expression of
      HRAS(E37dup) in COS-7 cells resulted in enhanced growth factor-dependent
      stimulation of the MEK-ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling
      pathways. Recombinant HRAS(E37dup) was characterized by slightly increased
      GTP/GDP dissociation, lower intrinsic GTPase activity and complete resistance to
      neurofibromin 1 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) stimulation due to dramatically
      reduced binding. Co-precipitation of GTP-bound HRAS(E37dup) by various effector
      proteins, however, was inefficient because of drastically diminished binding
      affinities. Thus, although HRAS(E37dup) is predominantly present in the active,
      GTP-bound state, it promotes only a weak hyperactivation of downstream signaling
      pathways. These findings provide evidence that the mildly enhanced signal flux
      through the MAPK and PI3K-AKT cascades promoted by these disease-causing germline
      HRAS alleles results from a balancing effect between a profound GAP insensitivity
      and inefficient binding to effector proteins.

PMID- 19995792
TI  - Gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery - improved risk
      stratification using a new scoring model.
AB  - Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are serious consequences of cardiac surgery.
      The aim of this study was to develop, evaluate and validate a new risk score
      model for GI complications after cardiac surgery. The risk score model, named
      gastrointestinal complication score (GICS), was developed using prospectively
      collected data from 5593 patients who underwent 5636 cardiac surgical procedures
      between 1996 and 2001. The model was validated on 1031 cardiac surgery patients
      between 2005 and 2006. The scoring system's ability to predict GI complications
      was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-curves and Hosmer
      Lemeshow test. Fifty GI complications were identified in 47 patients (0.8%) in
      the developmental data set and eight (0.8%) in the validation data set. The ROC
      area in the developmental data set was 0.81 with a good calibration estimated by
      Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P=0.89). In the validation data set, the area under the
      curve was 0.83. The estimated probability for the patient to develop a GI
      complication after cardiac surgery at a GICS >or=15 is >20% and at a GICS <or=5
      is <0.4%. Risk stratification according to GICS, specifically developed to
      predict GI complications after cardiac surgery, showed a good predictive ability.

PMID- 19995791
TI  - Upstream transcription factor 1 influences plasma lipid and metabolic traits in
      mice.
AB  - Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) has been associated with familial combined
      hyperlipidemia, the metabolic syndrome, and related conditions, but the
      mechanisms involved are unknown. In this study, we report validation of Usf1 as a
      causal gene of cholesterol homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and body composition
      in mouse models using several complementary approaches and identify associated
      pathways and gene expression network modules. Over-expression of human USF1 in
      both transgenic mice and mice with transient liver-specific over-expression
      influenced metabolic trait phenotypes, including obesity, total cholesterol
      level, LDL/VLDL cholesterol and glucose/insulin ratio. Additional analyses of
      trait and hepatic gene expression data from an F2 population derived from
      C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ strains in which there is a naturally occurring variation in
      Usf1 expression supported a causal role for Usf1 for relevant metabolic traits.
      Gene network and pathway analyses of the liver gene expression signatures in the
      F2 population and the hepatic over-expression model suggested the involvement of
      Usf1 in immune responses and metabolism, including an Igfbp2-centered module. In
      all three mouse model settings, notable sex specificity was observed, consistent
      with human studies showing differences in association with USF1 gene
      polymorphisms between sexes.

PMID- 19995793
TI  - Systematic evaluation of quality of care provided to patients undergoing
      pulmonary surgery helps to identify areas for improvement.
AB  - Systematic assessment of care pathways may identify areas of potential
      improvement beyond that generated by traditional outcome measures alone. This
      approach was used to audit a single-surgeon's practice of pulmonary resection
      [182 patients over 21 months, median age of 69 (range 18-86) years] by choosing
      10 gold standards in three areas of care. Preoperative: 1) Percentage cancer
      patients undergoing PET scan prior to surgery, 2) Percentage of patients with
      predicted postoperative FEV(1) (ppoFEV(1)) <40% who had gas transfer (DLCO)
      measured. Perioperative: 3) Percentage of operations postponed, 4-5) Percentage
      of cancer patients undergoing anatomical resections and systematic lymph node
      excision, 6) Rate of exploratory thoracotomies. Postoperative: 7-8) Risk-adjusted
      mortality according to thoracoscore and ESOS.01, 9) Percentage patients admitted
      to intensive care unit (ICU), and 10) Percentage patients discharged directly
      home from our unit. Postoperative mortality (2.2%), ICU admission (4%),
      exploratory thoracotomy (2.7%), and home discharge (98%) fared within standards.
      Only 57% of patients with a ppoFEV(1)<40% had DLCO tested, and eight cases (4.4%)
      were postponed on the day of surgery. Analysis of the processes of care
      identified areas for improvement (preoperative preparation of patients, theatre
      cancellations and intraoperative lymph node management) even in a practice with
      satisfactory risk-adjusted results.

PMID- 19995794
TI  - Five years follow-up after Y-graft arterial revascularization: on pump versus off
      pump; prospective clinical trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We report our comparative experience of on-pump and off-pump full
      arterial coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using both internal mammary
      arteries (IMAs) anastomosed as a Y-graft. METHODS: A single-center clinical study
      was conducted prospectively between January 2003 and May 2008. It compared the
      short- and mid-term clinical outcomes of on- and off-pump arterial
      revascularization where the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was anastomosed
      to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery while the free right internal
      mammary artery (RIMA) graft taking off from the LIMA was used to bypass different
      coronary targets. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-two patients were divided into
      77 on-pump and 115 off-pump procedures based on the intention to treat. The mean
      age in both groups was 60.2+/-11.7 and 68.1+/-10.6 years, respectively (P<0.05).
      Mean predictive logistic EuroSCORE was 3.5+/-6.7% for the on-pump group and 7.3+/
      8.6% for the off-pump group (P<0.0001). Mean number of distal anastomoses were
      2.7+/-0.6 (group ON) and 2.5+/-0.6 (group OFF) (P=NS). Postoperative mortality
      was two patients (2.6%) in the on-pump group and four patients (3.4%) in the off
      pump group (P=0.63). No major adverse cardiac event, no stroke and no late death
      were reported during the follow-up that averaged 36.5+/-18.6 months. Angina
      recurrence was three patients (2.6%) in off-pump and two patients (3.5%) in on
      pump group (P=NS). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a free RIMA as Y-graft from the LIMA
      performed off pump eradicates aortic manipulations and provides complete
      revascularization to high-risk patients with mortality similar to the one of a
      lower risk population operated on pump. The morbidity and cost was lower in the
      off-pump group. This advocates for the widespread usage of the technique in high
      risk patients.

PMID- 19995795
TI  - Loss of Blm enhances basal cell carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis in
      Ptch1+/- mice.
AB  - Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have relative genomic stability and relatively
      benign clinical behavior but whether these two are related causally is unknown.
      To investigate the effects of introducing genomic instability into murine BCCs,
      we have compared ionizing radiation-induced tumorigenesis in Ptch1(+/-) mice
      versus that in Ptch1(+/-) mice carrying mutant Blm alleles. We found that BCCs in
      Ptch1(+/-) Blm(tm3Brd/tm3Brd) mice had a trend toward greater genomic instability
      as measured by array comprehensive genomic hybridization and that these mice
      developed significantly more microscopic BCCs than did Ptch1(+/-) Blm(+/tm3Brd)
      or Ptch1(+/-) Blm(+/+) mice. The mutant Blm alleles also markedly enhanced the
      formation of rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs), another cancer to which Ptch1(+/)(-) mice
      and PTCH1(+/)(-) (basal cell nevus syndrome) patients are susceptible. Highly
      recurrent but different copy number changes were associated with the two tumor
      types and included losses of chromosomes 4 and 10 in all BCCs and gain of
      chromosome 10 in 80% of RMSs. Loss of chromosome 11 and 13, including the Trp53
      and Ptch1 loci, respectively, occurred frequently in BCCs, suggesting tissue
      specific selection for genes or pathways that collaborate with Ptch deficiency in
      tumorigenesis. Despite the quantitative differences, there was no dramatic
      qualititative difference in the BCC or RMS tumors associated with the mutant Blm
      genotype.

PMID- 19995797
TI  - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with multiple coronary artery-left
      ventricular fistulae: a report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - We present a rare case of multiple coronary artery-left ventricular (LV)
      fistulae, associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an 83-year-old
      woman with electrocardiographic abnormalities and a history of arterial
      hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In order to evaluate the
      clinical significance and obtain further insights into this unusual disease, the
      patient has undergone coronary angiography, left ventriculography, and magnetic
      resonance imaging which better substantiated the structural abnormalities of the
      LV and the coronary network.

PMID- 19995796
TI  - Inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase suppresses estrogen receptor signaling.
AB  - Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) mediates estrogen-dependent gene transcription,
      which plays a critical role in mammary gland development, reproduction and
      homeostasis. Histone acetyltransferases and class I and class II histone
      deacetylases (HDACs) cause posttranscriptional modification of histone proteins
      that participate in ERalpha signaling. Here, we report that human SIRT1, a class
      III HDAC, regulates ERalpha expression. Inhibition of SIRT1 activity by sirtinol
      suppresses ERalpha expression through disruption of basal transcriptional
      complexes at the ERalpha promoter. This effect leads to inhibition of estrogen
      responsive gene expression. Our in vitro observations were further extended that
      SIRT1 knockout reduces ERalpha protein in mouse mammary gland. Finally, ERalpha
      mediated estrogen response genes are also decreased in mouse embryonic
      fibroblasts derived from SIRT1-knockout mice. These results suggest that
      inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase activity by either pharmacological inhibitors or
      genetic depletion impairs ERalpha-mediated signaling pathways.

PMID- 19995798
TI  - An unusual location of a papillary fibroelastoma.
AB  - A 72-year-old woman was hospitalized with recurrent acute coronary syndrome after
      initial successful treatment of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with
      percutaneous coronary intervention. Echocardiography demonstrated unexpectedly a
      9 x 8 mm pendulating structure attached to the anterior, proximal
      interventricular septum in the left ventricular outflow tract 6 mm beneath the
      aortic valve annulus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart yielded the same
      findings. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and tumour
      excision. The histopathological findings were typical for papillary fibroelastoma
      (PFE) with a central zone of connective tissue and some elastic fibres without
      blood vessels and covered by endocardium. PFE is the third most common type of
      primary cardiac tumours, second to myxoma and lipoma. PFEs are avascular
      papillomas that predominantly occur on the aortic and mitral valves (90%).
      However, the present case demonstrates that PFE occasionally can be attached to
      the ventricular wall endocardium.

PMID- 19995799
TI  - Pseudoaneurysm of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa: two case reports and
      review of literature.
AB  - The aim of this study was to identify the echocardiographic characteristics of
      pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa, which is a rare and
      life-threatening complication of infective endocarditis. We have demonstrated the
      difference in clinical presentation and management of acute and chronic types of
      this pseudoaneurysm, together with a review of literature of the topic. We
      present two cases, one acute and the other an example of a chronic pseudoaneurysm
      of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa. The abscess may enlarge rapidly and
      rupture, resulting in haemorrhage with a catastrophic outcome. Rarely, the
      pseudoaneurysm will undergo a subclinical course, thicken and organize into a
      chronic aneurysm. Transoesophageal echocardiogram demonstrates a false lumen
      below the aortic valve annulus at the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa with
      marked pulsatility with systolic expansion and diastolic collapse. The successful
      management of acute pseudoaneurysm necessitates extensive resection and
      replacement of the infected areas around the pseudoaneurysm. In chronic
      pseudoaneurysm, there is structural integrity around the calcified
      pseudoaneurysm, potentially minimizing the need for an extirpative surgery.
      Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa is a rare complication
      of infective endocarditis, but delay in diagnosis can lead to devastating
      outcome.

PMID- 19995800
TI  - Prognostic significance of contractile reserve assessed by dobutamine-induced
      changes of Tei index in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - AIMS: To determine prognostic significance of global left ventricular (LV)
      contractile reserve, defined by dobutamine-induced changes of Tei index (Delta
      Tei), in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty
      eight patients with idiopathic DCM underwent high-dose (up to 40 microg/kg/min)
      dobutamine stress echocardiography. Prognostic value of different indices of LV
      contractile reserve, including Delta Tei, as well as changes of ejection fraction
      (Delta EF) and wall motion score index (Delta WMSi), was analysed. Patients were
      followed up for 5 years for cardiac mortality. Patients with preserved
      contractile reserve, defined by Delta Tei > -0.35, had significantly lower
      cardiac mortality when compared with those without it (38 vs. 77%, P = 0.02).
      Also, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with contractile
      reserve had better 5-year survival when compared with those without contractile
      reserve (log-rank = 6.01, P = 0.014). However, of all examined indices of
      contractile reserve, Cox's regression analysis identified Delta WMSi as the only
      independent predictor of 5-year mortality. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the
      presence of contractile reserve assessed by Delta Tei may identify patients with
      favourable long-term prognosis. Prognostic value of Delta Tei appears to be
      similar to Delta EF, but less powerful than Delta WMSi.

PMID- 19995801
TI  - Long-term prognostic significance of three-dimensional echocardiographic
      parameters of the left ventricle and left atrium.
AB  - AIMS: We sought to investigate the long-term prognostic significance of two- and
      three-dimensional echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and seventy
      eight consecutive outpatients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography and
      three-dimensional echocardiography for the assessment of LV volumes, mass,
      ejection fraction, and LA maximum and minimum volumes. After 45 months of follow
      up, 31 patients (17%) had major cardiovascular events (death, myocardial
      infarctions, or stroke). From the two-dimensional echocardiography data, a
      significant time relationship to cardiovascular events was achieved only by LV
      end-systolic volume [hazard ratio (HR): 1.047; 95% confidence interval (CI):
      0.994-1.083; P = 0.031] and mass (HR: 1.038; CI: 0.993-1.082; P = 0.019), whereas
      from three-dimensional echocardiography, all the examined variables: LV end
      diastolic (HR: 1.014; CI: 1.003-1.025; P = 0.014) and end-systolic volume
      (HR:1.018; CI: 1.006-1.029; P = 0.003), ejection fraction (HR: 0.032; CI: 0.002
      0.565; P = 0.019), mass (HR: 1.030; CI: 1.016-1.045; P < 0.001), LA maximum (HR:
      1.055; CI: 1.031-1.080; P < 0.001) and minimum (HR: 1.049; CI: 1.028-1.070; P <
      0.001) volumes, were found to bear a significant relationship to cardiovascular
      events. By multivariate analysis, three-dimensional echocardiography derived LA
      minimum volume was identified as the best independent predictor of adverse
      cardiovascular events (HR: 1.217; CI: 1.075-1.378; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Owing
      to a superior accuracy, three-dimensional echocardiography derived parameters and
      most notably LA minimum volume provide more relevant information on outpatient
      prognosis.

PMID- 19995802
TI  - Breathless female patient claiming to be 8 months pregnant: what to expect.
AB  - The authors present a 45-year-old female patient with symptoms of chronic right
      ventricular failure, which were interpreted by the patient as signs of pregnancy.
      Sudden deterioration of clinical status, which occurred after 8 months, prompted
      the patient to consult a physician. Transthoracic echocardiographic examination
      disclosed a massive saddle pulmonary embolism with severe right ventricular
      dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. The patient did not consent to proposed
      surgical treatment. Because of clinical and hemodynamic instability the
      thrombolytic therapy was introduced. The control echocardiographic examination
      showed only minimal reduction of thrombus size. The patient died 2 days later.

PMID- 19995803
TI  - Gendered and social hierarchies in problem representation and policy processes:
      "domestic violence" in Finland and Scotland.
AB  - This article identifies and critiques presumptions about gender and violence that
      continue to frame and inform the processes of policy formation and implementation
      on domestic violence. It also deconstructs the agendered nature of policy as
      gendered, multilevel individual and collective action. Drawing on comparative
      illustrative material from Finland and Scotland, we discuss how national policies
      and discourses emphasize physical forms of violence, place the onus on the agency
      of women, and encourage a narrow conceptualization of violence in relationships.
      The two countries do this in somewhat comparable, though different ways operating
      within distinct national gender contexts.The complex interweaving of
      masculinities, violence, and cultures, although recognized in many debates, is
      seemingly marginalized from dominant discourses, policy, and legal processes.
      Despite growth in critical studies on men, there is little attempt made to
      problematize the gendered nature of violence. Rather, policy and service outcomes
      reflect processes through which individualized and masculine discourses frame
      ideas, discourses, and policy work. Women experiencing violence are constructed
      as victims and potential survivors of violence, although the social and gendered
      hierarchies evident in policies and services result in longer-term inequities and
      suffering for women and their dependents.

PMID- 19995804
TI  - A genetic analysis of the Virginia opossum mating system: evidence of multiple
      paternity in a highly fragmented landscape.
AB  - Using molecular techniques, we examined patterns of paternity in Virginia
      opossums occupying a highly fragmented agricultural landscape in northern
      Indiana. During 2008, we collected tissue from 64 females and their pouch young
      in 34 forest patches distributed over a 1100-km(2) region. Using genotypes from
      10 microsatellite loci, we determined the minimum number of fathers contributing
      to each litter using GERUD 1.0. Genotyped offspring with known mothers were then
      analyzed using CERVUS 3.0, incorporating genotypes from 317 males sampled from
      2007-2008 to identify potential fathers. Our analyses revealed that promiscuity
      was common among females, with 26 (41%) litters having > or = 2 sires. Despite
      the fact that we intensively sampled forest patches for potential fathers, we
      only were able to identify 13 fathers contributing to 14 litters, with an average
      Euclidean distance of 18.7 km between father-offspring pairs found in disparate
      patches (N = 6). Our inability to identify most (85%) fathers of sampled litters,
      coupled with the extensive distances observed between putative father-offspring
      pairs, suggests that opossums may not maintain explicit home ranges in highly
      fragmented landscapes.

PMID- 19995805
TI  - The alpha glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster VI. structure and
      evolution of enzyme paralogs in the genus Drosophila.
AB  - The genome sequences of 12 Drosophila species contain 3 paralogs for alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and for the mitochondrial alpha
      glycerophosphate oxidase (GPO). These 2 enzymes participate in the alpha
      glycerophosphate cycle in the adult thoracic flight muscles. The flight muscle
      enzymes are encoded by gpdh-1 at 26A2 and gpo-1 at 52C8. In this paper, we show
      that the GPDH paralogs share the same evolutionarily conserved functional domains
      and most intron positions, whereas the GPO paralogs share only some of the
      functional domains of mitochondrial oxidoreductases. The GPO paralogs not
      expressed in the flight muscles essentially lack introns. GPDH paralogs encoded
      by gpdh-2 and gpdh-3 and the GPO paralogs encoded by gpo-2 and gpo-3 are
      expressed only in the testes. Gene trees for the GPDH and GPO paralogs indicate
      that the genes expressed in the flight muscles are evolving very slowly
      presumably under strong purifying selection whereas the paralogs expressed in the
      testes are evolving more rapidly. The concordance between species and gene trees,
      d(N)/d(S) ratios, phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood-based tests, and
      analyses of radical and conservative substitutions all indicate that the
      additional GPDH and GPO paralogs are also evolving under purifying selection.

PMID- 19995806
TI  - The alpha glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster V. molecular analysis
      of alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and alpha glycerophosphate oxidase
      mutants.
AB  - Two enzymes, alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH-1) in the cytoplasm and
      alpha glycerophosphate oxidase (GPO-1) in the mitochondrion cooperate in
      Drosophila flight muscles to generate the ATP needed for muscle contraction. Null
      mutants for either enzyme cannot fly. Here, we characterize 15 ethyl methane
      sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutants in GPDH-1 at the molecular level and assess their
      effects on structural and evolutionarily conserved domains of this enzyme. In
      addition, we molecularly characterize 3 EMS-induced GPO-1 mutants and excisions
      of a P element insertion in the GPO-1 gene. The latter represent the best
      candidate for null or amorphic mutants in this gene.

PMID- 19995807
TI  - Somatostatin-receptor-based imaging and therapy of gastroenteropancreatic
      neuroendocrine tumors.
AB  - Somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) with [(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreotide has proven
      its role in the diagnosis and staging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine
      tumors (GEPNETs). Newer radiolabeled somatostatin analogs which can be used in
      positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and which have a higher affinity for
      the somatostatin receptor, especially receptor subtype-2, have been developed. It
      would be desirable, however, if one radiolabeled analog became the new standard
      for PET imaging, because the current application of a multitude of analogs
      implies a fragmented knowledge on the interpretation of the images that are
      obtained in clinical practice. In our view, the most likely candidates for such a
      universal PET tracer for SRI are [(68)Ga-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate or [(68)Ga
      DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide. Treatment with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs is a
      promising new tool in the management of patients with inoperable or metastasized
      neuroendocrine tumors. Symptomatic improvement may occur with all (111)In-, (90)Y
      , or (177)Lu-labeled somatostatin analogs that have been used for peptide
      receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The results that were obtained with [(90)Y
      DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide and [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate are very
      encouraging in terms of tumor regression. Also, if kidney protective agents are
      used, the side effects of this therapy are few and mild, and the median duration
      of the therapy response for these radiopharmaceuticals is 30 and 40 months
      respectively. The patients' self-assessed quality of life increases significantly
      after treatment with [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate. Lastly, compared to
      historical controls, there is a benefit in overall survival of several years from
      the time of diagnosis in patients treated with [(177)Lu
      DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate. These data compare favorably with the limited number
      of alternative treatment approaches. If more widespread use of PRRT can be
      guaranteed, such therapy may well become the therapy of first choice in patients
      with metastasized or inoperable GEPNETs.

PMID- 19995809
TI  - Mechanosensing of stem bending and its interspecific variability in five
      neotropical rainforest species.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In rain forests, sapling survival is highly dependent on the
      regulation of trunk slenderness (height/diameter ratio): shade-intolerant species
      have to grow in height as fast as possible to reach the canopy but also have to
      withstand mechanical loadings (wind and their own weight) to avoid buckling.
      Recent studies suggest that mechanosensing is essential to control tree
      dimensions and stability-related morphogenesis. Differences in species
      slenderness have been observed among rainforest trees; the present study thus
      investigates whether species with different slenderness and growth habits exhibit
      differences in mechanosensitivity. METHODS: Recent studies have led to a model of
      mechanosensing (sum-of-strains model) that predicts a quantitative relationship
      between the applied sum of longitudinal strains and the plant's responses in the
      case of a single bending. Saplings of five different neotropical species (Eperua
      falcata, E. grandiflora, Tachigali melinonii, Symphonia globulifera and Bauhinia
      guianensis) were subjected to a regimen of controlled mechanical loading phases
      (bending) alternating with still phases over a period of 2 months. Mechanical
      loading was controlled in terms of strains and the five species were subjected to
      the same range of sum of strains. The application of the sum-of-strain model led
      to a dose-response curve for each species. Dose-response curves were then
      compared between tested species. KEY RESULTS: The model of mechanosensing (sum-of
      strain model) applied in the case of multiple bending as long as the bending
      frequency was low. A comparison of dose-response curves for each species
      demonstrated differences in the stimulus threshold, suggesting two groups of
      responses among the species. Interestingly, the liana species B. guianensis
      exhibited a higher threshold than other Leguminosae species tested. CONCLUSIONS:
      This study provides a conceptual framework to study variability in plant
      mechanosensing and demonstrated interspecific variability in mechanosensing.

PMID- 19995808
TI  - PhosSNP for systematic analysis of genetic polymorphisms that influence protein
      phosphorylation.
AB  - We are entering the era of personalized genomics as breakthroughs in sequencing
      technology have made it possible to sequence or genotype an individual person in
      an efficient and accurate manner. Preliminary results from HapMap and other
      similar projects have revealed the existence of tremendous genetic variations
      among world populations and among individuals. It is important to delineate the
      functional implication of such variations, i.e. whether they affect the stability
      and biochemical properties of proteins. It is also generally believed that the
      genetic variation is the main cause for different susceptibility to certain
      diseases or different response to therapeutic treatments. Understanding genetic
      variation in the context of human diseases thus holds the promise for
      "personalized medicine." In this work, we carried out a genome-wide analysis of
      single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could potentially influence protein
      phosphorylation characteristics in human. Here, we defined a phosphorylation
      related SNP (phosSNP) as a non-synonymous SNP (nsSNP) that affects the protein
      phosphorylation status. Using an in-house developed kinase-specific
      phosphorylation site predictor (GPS 2.0), we computationally detected that
      approximately 70% of the reported nsSNPs are potential phosSNPs. More
      interestingly, approximately 74.6% of these potential phosSNPs might also induce
      changes in protein kinase types in adjacent phosphorylation sites rather than
      creating or removing phosphorylation sites directly. Taken together, we proposed
      that a large proportion of the nsSNPs might affect protein phosphorylation
      characteristics and play important roles in rewiring biological pathways.
      Finally, all phosSNPs were integrated into the PhosSNP 1.0 database, which was
      implemented in JAVA 1.5 (J2SE 5.0). The PhosSNP 1.0 database is freely available
      for academic researchers.

PMID- 19995810
TI  - A stomatal optimization theory to describe the effects of atmospheric CO2 on leaf
      photosynthesis and transpiration.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Global climate models predict decreases in leaf stomatal
      conductance and transpiration due to increases in atmospheric CO2. The
      consequences of these reductions are increases in soil moisture availability and
      continental scale run-off at decadal time-scales. Thus, a theory explaining the
      differential sensitivity of stomata to changing atmospheric CO2 and other
      environmental conditions must be identified. Here, these responses are
      investigated using optimality theory applied to stomatal conductance. METHODS: An
      analytical model for stomatal conductance is proposed based on: (a) Fickian mass
      transfer of CO2 and H2O through stomata; (b) a biochemical photosynthesis model
      that relates intercellular CO2 to net photosynthesis; and (c) a stomatal model
      based on optimization for maximizing carbon gains when water losses represent a
      cost. Comparisons between the optimization-based model and empirical
      relationships widely used in climate models were made using an extensive gas
      exchange dataset collected in a maturing pine (Pinus taeda) forest under ambient
      and enriched atmospheric CO2. Key Results and Conclusion In this interpretation,
      it is proposed that an individual leaf optimally and autonomously regulates
      stomatal opening on short-term (approx. 10-min time-scale) rather than on daily
      or longer time-scales. The derived equations are analytical with explicit
      expressions for conductance, photosynthesis and intercellular CO2, thereby making
      the approach useful for climate models. Using a gas exchange dataset collected in
      a pine forest, it is shown that (a) the cost of unit water loss lambda (a measure
      of marginal water-use efficiency) increases with atmospheric CO2; (b) the new
      formulation correctly predicts the condition under which CO2-enriched atmosphere
      will cause increasing assimilation and decreasing stomatal conductance.

PMID- 19995811
TI  - Decentralization and district health services in Nepal: understanding the views
      of service users and service providers.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Within the decentralization framework of Government, the Ministry of
      Health (MoH) Nepal initiated the decentralization of primary care services closer
      to citizens. This paper aims to examine and understand the effect of
      decentralization at the district health service from the perspectives of service
      users and providers. METHODS: Using non-probability purposive sampling, we
      conducted a series of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in four
      primary health care institutions with service users, providers and other
      stakeholders. QSRNVivo7 software was used to analyse and categorize the data
      under emerging themes. RESULTS: Decentralization was positively associated with
      increased service access and utilization and improved service delivery. The study
      also revealed areas of concern and possible improvement and identified the
      barriers to implementing these improvements. Problems described included three
      main areas: functions, functionaries and funding. CONCLUSION: Both service users
      and providers convey a generally positive message about the health sector
      decentralization. The active involvement of service users, providers, policy
      makers in the process of decentralization and clear national and local policy
      agendas may bring positive changes in district health services.

PMID- 19995813
TI  - Neuraminidase inhibitors--the story behind the Cochrane review.

PMID- 19995812
TI  - Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults:
      systematic review and meta-analysis.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To update a 2005 Cochrane review that assessed the effects of
      neuraminidase inhibitors in preventing or ameliorating the symptoms of influenza,
      the transmission of influenza, and complications from influenza in healthy
      adults, and to estimate the frequency of adverse effects. Search strategy An
      updated search of the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (Cochrane
      Library 2009, issue 2), which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's
      specialised register, Medline (1950-Aug 2009), Embase (1980-Aug 2009), and post
      marketing pharmacovigilance data and comparative safety cohorts. Selection
      criteria Randomised placebo controlled studies of neuraminidase inhibitors in
      otherwise healthy adults exposed to naturally occurring influenza. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Duration and incidence of symptoms; incidence of lower respiratory
      tract infections, or their proxies; and adverse events. DATA EXTRACTION: Two
      reviewers applied inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality, and extracted data.
      Data analysis Comparisons were structured into prophylaxis, treatment, and
      adverse events, with further subdivision by outcome and dose. RESULTS: 20 trials
      were included: four on prophylaxis, 12 on treatment, and four on postexposure
      prophylaxis. For prophylaxis, neuraminidase inhibitors had no effect against
      influenza-like illness or asymptomatic influenza. The efficacy of oral
      oseltamivir against symptomatic laboratory confirmed influenza was 61% (risk
      ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.85) at 75 mg daily and 73% (0.27,
      0.11 to 0.67) at 150 mg daily. Inhaled zanamivir 10 mg daily was 62% efficacious
      (0.38, 0.17 to 0.85). Oseltamivir for postexposure prophylaxis had an efficacy of
      58% (95% confidence interval 15% to 79%) and 84% (49% to 95%) in two trials of
      households. Zanamivir performed similarly. The hazard ratios for time to
      alleviation of influenza-like illness symptoms were in favour of treatment: 1.20
      (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.35) for oseltamivir and 1.24 (1.13 to 1.36)
      for zanamivir. Eight unpublished studies on complications were ineligible and
      therefore excluded. The remaining evidence suggests oseltamivir did not reduce
      influenza related lower respiratory tract complications (risk ratio 0.55, 95%
      confidence interval 0.22 to 1.35). From trial evidence, oseltamivir induced
      nausea (odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.93). Evidence of rarer
      adverse events from pharmacovigilance was of poor quality or possibly under
      reported. CONCLUSION: Neuraminidase inhibitors have modest effectiveness against
      the symptoms of influenza in otherwise healthy adults. The drugs are effective
      postexposure against laboratory confirmed influenza, but this is a small
      component of influenza-like illness, so for this outcome neuraminidase inhibitors
      are not effective. Neuraminidase inhibitors might be regarded as optional for
      reducing the symptoms of seasonal influenza. Paucity of good data has undermined
      previous findings for oseltamivir's prevention of complications from influenza.
      Independent randomised trials to resolve these uncertainties are needed.

PMID- 19995814
TI  - What can we learn from observational studies of oseltamivir to treat influenza in
      healthy adults?

PMID- 19995815
TI  - Why don't we have all the evidence on oseltamivir?

PMID- 19995818
TI  - Complications: tracking down the data on oseltamivir.

PMID- 19995819
TI  - Retrospective analysis of attitudes to ageing in the Economist: apocalyptic
      demography for opinion formers.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the description of older people and ageing in a major
      weekly newspaper, influential in political and financial circles, to see whether
      it reflected ageing in a balanced manner, and to what extent it indulged in
      apocalyptic demography-the portrayal of population ageing as a financial burden
      rather than a scientific advance. DESIGN: Electronic search of the digital
      archive of the Economist of articles published between January 1997 and April
      2008. Main outcomes measures Categorisation of articles as portraying population
      ageing as a burden or a benefit or with a balanced view. RESULTS: Of 6306
      identified articles, 262 were relevant. Most featured pensions, demography, and
      politics. Of these 262, 64% portrayed population ageing as a burden and 12% as a
      benefit; 24% had a balanced view. Most articles therefore showed a predominantly
      ageist view of older people as a burden on society, often portraying them as
      frail non-contributors. Recurrent themes included pension and demographic "time
      bombs" and future unsustainable costs of health care for older people.
      CONCLUSION: This negative view of older people might be influential in shaping
      the attitudes of readers, who include opinion formers in political and economic
      circles. Gerontologists (including geriatricians) need to engage with influential
      media, as well as helping to promote a professional development of journalists
      that is informed and knowledgeable about the negative impact of ageism on the
      wellbeing of older people.

PMID- 19995820
TI  - Subclinical hypothyroidism after pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 19995821
TI  - Women's groups protest against antiabortion rules in US healthcare bill.

PMID- 19995823
TI  - Measles deaths fell by more than 90% worldwide from 2000 to 2008, except in
      southern Asia.

PMID- 19995824
TI  - Functional-structural plant modelling: a new versatile tool in crop science.
AB  - Plants react to their environment and to management interventions by adjusting
      physiological functions and structure. Functional-structural plant models (FSPM),
      combine the representation of three-dimensional (3D) plant structure with
      selected physiological functions. An FSPM consists of an architectural part
      (plant structure) and a process part (plant functioning). The first deals with
      (i) the types of organs that are initiated and the way these are connected
      (topology), (ii) co-ordination in organ expansion dynamics, and (iii) geometrical
      variables (e.g. leaf angles, leaf curvature). The process part may include any
      physiological or physical process that affects plant growth and development (e.g.
      photosynthesis, carbon allocation). This paper addresses the following questions:
      (i) how are FSPM constructed, and (ii) for what purposes are they useful? Static,
      architectural models are distinguished from dynamic models. Static models are
      useful in order to study the significance of plant structure, such as light
      distribution in the canopy, gas exchange, remote sensing, pesticide spraying
      studies, and interactions between plants and biotic agents. Dynamic models serve
      quantitatively to integrate knowledge on plant functions and morphology as
      modulated by environment. Applications are in the domain of plant sciences, for
      example the study of plant plasticity as related to changes in the red:far red
      ratio of light in the canopy. With increasing availability of genetic
      information, FSPM will play a role in the assessment of the significance towards
      plant performance of variation in genetic traits across environments. In many
      crops, growers actively manipulate plant structure. FSPM is a promising tool to
      explore divergent management strategies.

PMID- 19995825
TI  - Salinity induces carbohydrate accumulation and sugar-regulated starch
      biosynthetic genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Micro-Tom') fruits in
      an ABA- and osmotic stress-independent manner.
AB  - Salinity stress enhances sugar accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
      fruits. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, the transport of
      carbohydrates into tomato fruits and the regulation of starch synthesis during
      fruit development in tomato plants cv. 'Micro-Tom' exposed to high levels of
      salinity stress were examined. Growth with 160 mM NaCl doubled starch
      accumulation in tomato fruits compared to control plants during the early stages
      of development, and soluble sugars increased as the fruit matured. Tracer
      analysis with (13)C confirmed that elevated carbohydrate accumulation in fruits
      exposed to salinity stress was confined to the early development stages and did
      not occur after ripening. Salinity stress also up-regulated sucrose transporter
      expression in source leaves and increased activity of ADP-glucose
      pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in fruits during the early development stages. The
      results indicate that salinity stress enhanced carbohydrate accumulation as
      starch during the early development stages and it is responsible for the increase
      in soluble sugars in ripe fruit. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses of salinity
      stressed plants showed that the AGPase-encoding genes, AgpL1 and AgpS1 were up
      regulated in developing fruits, and AgpL1 was obviously up-regulated by sugar at
      the transcriptional level but not by abscisic acid and osmotic stress. These
      results indicate AgpL1 and AgpS1 are involved in the promotion of starch
      biosynthesis under the salinity stress in ABA- and osmotic stress-independent
      manners. These two genes are differentially regulated at the transcriptional
      level, and AgpL1 is suggested to play a regulatory role in this event.

PMID- 19995826
TI  - Heteroplasmy and stoichiometric complexity of plant mitochondrial genomes--though
      this be madness, yet there's method in't.
AB  - Mitochondrial heteroplasmy is defined as the coexistence of divergent
      mitochondrial genotypes in a cell. The ratio of the alternative genomes may be
      variable, but in plants, the usually prevalent main genome is accompanied by
      sublimons--substoichiometric mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules. Plant
      mitochondrial heteroplasmy was originally viewed as being associated with
      pathological mutations or was found in non-natural plant populations. Currently,
      it is considered to be a common situation in plants. Recent years have changed
      the previous view on the role of homologous recombination, small-scale mutations,
      and paternal leakage of mtDNA in the generation of heteroplasmy. Newly developed
      sensitive techniques have allowed the precise estimation of mtDNA stoichiometry.
      Mechanisms of maintenance and transmission of heteroplasmic genomes, including
      DNA recombination and replication, as well as mitochondrial fusion and fission,
      have been studied. This review describes the high level of plant mitochondrial
      genome complication--the 'madness' resulting from the heteroplasmic state and
      explains the method hidden in this madness. Heteroplasmy is described as the
      evolutionary strategy of uniparentally inherited plant mitochondrial genomes
      which do not undergo sexual recombination. In order to compensate for this
      deficiency, alternative types of mtDNA are substoichiometrically accumulated as a
      reservoir of genetic variability and may undergo accelerated evolution.
      Occasionally, sublimons are selected and amplified in the process called
      substoichiometric shifting, to take over the role of the main genome. Alternative
      mitochondrial genomes may recombine, yielding new mtDNA variants, or segregate
      during plant growth resulting in plants with mosaic phenotypes. Two opposite
      roles of mitochondrial heteroplasmy with respect to acceleration or counteracting
      of mutation accumulation are also discussed. Finally, nuclear control of
      heteroplasmy and substoichiometric shifting is described.

PMID- 19995827
TI  - An Arabidopsis flavonoid transporter is required for anther dehiscence and pollen
      development.
AB  - FLOWER FLAVONOID TRANSPORTER (FFT) encodes a multidrug and toxin efflux family
      transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana. FFT (AtDTX35) is highly transcribed in
      floral tissues, the transcript being localized to epidermal guard cells,
      including those of the anthers, stigma, siliques and nectaries. Mutant analysis
      demonstrates that the absence of FFT transcript affects flavonoid levels in the
      plant and that the altered flavonoid metabolism has wide-ranging consequences.
      Root growth, seed development and germination, and pollen development, release
      and viability are all affected. Spectrometry of mutant versus wild-type flowers
      shows altered levels of a glycosylated flavonol whereas anthocyanin seems
      unlikely to be the substrate as previously speculated. Thus, as well as adding
      FFT to the incompletely described flavonoid transport network, it is found that
      correct reproductive development in Arabidopsis is perturbed when this particular
      transporter is missing.

PMID- 19995828
TI  - Accelerated mutation accumulation in asexual lineages of a freshwater snail.
AB  - Sexual reproduction is both extremely costly and widespread relative to asexual
      reproduction, meaning that it must also confer profound advantages in order to
      persist. One theorized benefit of sex is that it facilitates the clearance of
      harmful mutations, which would accumulate more rapidly in the absence of
      recombination. The extent to which ineffective purifying selection and mutation
      accumulation are direct consequences of asexuality and whether the accelerated
      buildup of harmful mutations in asexuals can occur rapidly enough to maintain sex
      within natural populations, however, remain as open questions. We addressed key
      components of these questions by estimating the rate of mutation accumulation in
      the mitochondrial genomes of multiple sexual and asexual representatives of
      Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand snail characterized by mixed
      sexual/asexual populations. We found that increased mutation accumulation is
      associated with asexuality and occurs rapidly enough to be detected in recently
      derived asexual lineages of P. antipodarum. Our results demonstrate that
      increased mutation accumulation in asexuals can differentially affect coexisting
      and ecologically similar sexual and asexual lineages. The accelerated rate of
      mutation accumulation observed in asexual P. antipodarum provides some of the
      most direct evidence to date for a link between asexuality and mutation
      accumulation and implies that mutational buildup could be rapid enough to
      contribute to the short-term evolutionary mechanisms that favor sexual
      reproduction.

PMID- 19995829
TI  - RE: "Mortality rates among trichlorophenol workers with exposure to 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin".

PMID- 19995830
TI  - Community environmental factors are associated with disability in older adults
      with functional limitations: the MOST study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence supporting the hypothesized environment
      disability link. The objectives of this study were to (a) identify the prevalence
      of community mobility barriers and transportation facilitators and (b) examine
      whether barriers and facilitators were associated with disability among older
      adults with functional limitations. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-five
      participants aged 65+ years old with functional limitations were recruited from
      the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, a prospective study of community-dwelling
      adults with or at risk of developing symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Presence of
      community barriers and facilitators was ascertained by the Home and Community
      Environment survey. Two domains of disability, (a) daily activity limitation
      (DAL) and (b) daily activity frequency (DAF), were assessed with the Late-Life
      Disability Instrument. Covariates included age, gender, education, race,
      comorbidity, body mass index, knee pain, and functional limitation. Multivariable
      logistic regression was used to examine adjusted associations of community
      factors with presence of DAL and DAF. RESULTS: Approximately one third of the
      participants lived in a community with high mobility barriers and low
      transportation facilitators. High mobility barriers was associated with greater
      odds of DAL (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.1) after
      adjusting for covariates, and high transportation facilitators was associated
      with lower odds of DAL (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8) but not with DAF in adjusted
      models. CONCLUSION: People with functional limitations who live in communities
      that were more restrictive felt more limited in doing daily activities but did
      not perform these daily activities any less frequently.

PMID- 19995832
TI  - Immunoprotective sertoli cells: making allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation
      feasible.
AB  - The testis as an immune-privileged site allows long-term survival of allogeneic
      and xenogeneic transplants. Testicular Sertoli cells (SCs) play a major role in
      this immunoprotection and have been used to create an ectopic immune-privileged
      environment that prolongs survival of co-transplanted allogeneic and xenogeneic
      cells, including pancreatic islets and neurons. Extended survival of such grafts
      testifies to the immunoprotective properties of SCs. However, there is still
      variability in the survival rates of the co-grafted cells and rarely are 100% of
      the grafts protected. This emphasizes the need to learn more about what is
      involved in creating the optimal immunoprotective milieu. Several parameters
      including organization of the SCs into tubule-like structures and the production
      of immunomodulatory factors by SCs, specifically complement inhibitors,
      cytokines, and cytotoxic lymphocyte inhibitors, are likely important. In
      addition, an intricate interplay between several of these factors may be
      responsible for providing the most ideal environment for protection of the co
      transplants by SCs. In this review, we will also briefly describe a novel use for
      the immune-privileged abilities of SCs; engineering them to deliver therapeutic
      proteins for the treatment of diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's disease. In
      conclusion, further studies and more detailed analysis of the mechanisms involved
      in creating the immune-protective environment by SCs may make their application
      in co-transplantation and as engineered cells clinically feasible.

PMID- 19995831
TI  - Continuity of care with a primary care physician and mortality in older adults.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We examined whether older adults who had continuity of care with a
      primary care physician (PCP) had lower mortality. METHODS: Secondary analyses
      were conducted using baseline interview data (1993-1994) from the nationally
      representative Survey on Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD).
      The analytic sample included 5,457 self-respondents 70 years old or more who were
      not enrolled in managed care plans. AHEAD data were linked to Medicare claims for
      1991-2005, providing up to 12 years of follow-up. Two time-dependent measures of
      continuity addressed whether there was more than an 8-month interval between any
      two visits to the same PCP during the prior 2-year period. The "present exposure"
      measure calculated this criterion on a daily basis and could switch "on" or "off"
      daily, whereas the "cumulative exposure" measure reflected the percentage of
      follow-up days, also on a daily basis allowing it to switch on or off daily, for
      which the criterion was met. RESULTS: Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-four
      (54%) participants died during the follow-up period. Using the cumulative
      exposure measure, 27% never had continuity of care, whereas 31%, 20%, 14%, and
      8%, respectively, had continuity for 1%-33%, 34%-67%, 68%-99%, and 100% of their
      follow-up days. Adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, social support,
      health lifestyle, and morbidity, both measures of continuity were associated (p <
      .001) with lower mortality (adjusted hazard ratios of 0.84 for the present
      exposure measure and 0.31, 0.39, 0.46, and 0.62, respectively, for the 1%-33%,
      34%-67%, 68%-99%, and 100% categories of the cumulative exposure measure).
      CONCLUSION: Continuity of care with a PCP, as assessed by two distinct measures,
      was associated with substantial reductions in long-term mortality.

PMID- 19995833
TI  - Recurrent neuromyelitis optica in Brazilian patients: clinical, immunological,
      and neuroimaging characteristics.
AB  - Neuromyelitis optica has not been thoroughly studied in Brazilian patients
      following the discovery of NMO-IgG and its specific antigen aquaporin-4. In this
      study we aimed to describe the clinical NMO-IgG immunological status and
      neuroimaging characteristics of recurrent neuromyelitis optica in a series
      Brazilian patients. We undertook a retrospective study of 28 patients with
      recurrent neuromyelitis optica, according to 1999 Wingerchuk's diagnostic
      criteria. Data on NMO-IgG status, clinical features, and MRI findings were
      analyzed. Three men and 25 women were evaluated. Median age at onset of disease
      was 26 years (range 7-55); median time of follow-up was 7 years (range 2-14). The
      mean time elapsed between the first and the second attack was 17 months (median
      8.5; range 2-88). NMO-IgG was detected in 18 patients (64.3%). Four patients died
      due to respiratory failure. Most patients presented with cervical (36%) and
      cervical-thoracic myelitis (46.4%). Holocord lesion was the most common pattern
      of involvement (50%) on the axial plane. We did not find a statistical
      association between myelitis extension and NMO-IgG result. Our series of
      Brazilian patients showed a younger age of onset than previously reported. In our
      series, in contrast to previous reports, there was no correlation between the
      extension of myelitis and NMO-IgG positivity.

PMID- 19995835
TI  - Objective adherence monitoring in multiple sclerosis: initial validation and
      association with self-report.
AB  - Poor adherence to medication is commonplace and contributes to poor health
      outcomes among numerous patient populations. Studies that have examined treatment
      adherence in multiple sclerosis focus exclusively on retrospective self-reports
      and/or imprecise measures of treatment discontinuation. To help address these
      methodological limitations, the present longitudinal study compared adherence
      outcomes for patients with multiple sclerosis using retrospective self-reports,
      adherence diaries, and a novel electronic monitoring device. Sixty-seven patients
      with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were followed for a period of eight
      weeks during which they used a medication diary and a sharps container that
      captured electronically the time and date of each needle disposal. The patients
      also reported at the outset and conclusion of the study how frequently they
      missed doses. All measures of adherence were highly correlated. Patients reported
      better adherence than was indicated by medication diaries and electronic
      monitoring of needle disposals. Nearly one-fifth of the sample exhibited poor
      adherence, missing more than 20% of their prescribed medication. The results
      support the validity of electronic monitoring of needle disposal as an effective
      means of measuring adherence to disease modifying therapies in multiple
      sclerosis. In contrast, studies employing only self-report may underestimate poor
      adherence. Larger scale studies that employ prospective objective methods are
      necessary to gain a better understanding of adherence patterns in multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 19995834
TI  - The Multiple Sclerosis Knowledge Questionnaire: a self-administered instrument
      for recently diagnosed patients.
AB  - There are few studies on patient knowledge in multiple sclerosis (MS), and only
      two published questionnaires. The objective of this article was to develop and
      validate the MS Knowledge Questionnaire (MSKQ), a self-assessed instrument for
      newly diagnosed MS patients. Thirty multiple-choice statements, conceived to test
      MS knowledge, were produced by a multidisciplinary panel and pre-tested on three
      MS patients, resulting in an intermediate 26-item version. This was tested on 54
      MS patients for internal consistency, content and construct validity (validation
      sample I). The final (25-item) MSKQ was a primary outcome measure in the SIMS
      Trial on an information aid to newly diagnosed MS patients. Postal responses of
      SIMS-Trial participants to the MSKQ a month after intervention (validation sample
      II) were analysed. Median MSKQ scores in validation samples I and II were,
      respectively, 18 (range 9-23) and 17 (range 3-24). Acceptability, internal
      consistency (Kuder-Richardson-20 formula 0.76) and content validity were good.
      Educational attainment and receiving the information aid were the main
      independent predictors of MS knowledge. Other predictors were female sex
      (positive association) and disease duration (negative association). In
      conclusion, the MSKQ has good clinimetric properties and is sensitive to an
      educational intervention. We propose the MSKQ as a brief instrument for clinical
      practice and research.

PMID- 19995836
TI  - Neutralizing antibodies to 500 microg interferon beta-1b: 28-month results of the
      IDEAS extension trial.
AB  - The Interferon Dose Escalation Assessment of Safety extension trial monitored
      neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-1b in patients who currently or had
      previously received the double dose (500 microg) for up to 28 months. Fifteen
      patients entered the extension trial; five patients were neutralizing antibody
      positive at the start of the trial. The present study demonstrates that when
      neutralizing antibodies develop in patients receiving higher doses of interferon
      beta-1b they tend to persist for a prolonged period, although neutralizing
      antibody titers tend to decrease over time and some patients may revert to
      neutralizing antibody-negative status.

PMID- 19995837
TI  - Cognitive impairment predicts conversion to multiple sclerosis in clinically
      isolated syndromes.
AB  - Significant cognitive impairment has been found in 20-30% of patients with
      clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. In this study we
      aimed to assess the prognostic value of the presence of cognitive impairment for
      the conversion to multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated
      syndromes. All patients with clinically isolated syndromes consecutively referred
      to our centre since 2002 and who had been followed-up for at least one year
      underwent cognitive assessment through the Rao's Battery and the Stroop test.
      Possible predictors of conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis were
      evaluated through the Kaplan Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. A total of
      56 patients (41 women; age 33.2 +/- 8.5 years; expanded disability scale score
      1.2 +/- 0.7) were recruited. At baseline, 32 patients (57%) fulfilled McDonald's
      criteria for dissemination in space. During the follow-up (3.5 +/- 2.3 years), 26
      patients (46%) converted to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. In particular, 64%
      of patients failing >or= 2 tests and 88% of patients failing >or= 3 tests
      converted to multiple sclerosis. In the Cox regression model, the failure of at
      least three tests (HR 3.3; 95% CI 1.4-8.1; p = 0.003) and the presence of
      McDonald's dissemination in space at baseline (HR 3.8; 95% CI 1.5-9.7; p =
      0.005), were found to be predictors for conversion to multiple sclerosis. We
      conclude that cognitive impairment is detectable in a sizable proportion of
      patients with clinically isolated syndromes. In these subjects cognitive
      impairment has a prognostic value in predicting conversion to multiple sclerosis
      and may therefore play a role in therapeutic decision making.

PMID- 19995838
TI  - Do multimodal evoked potentials add information to MRI in clinically isolated
      syndromes?
AB  - The role of multimodal evoked potentials (MMEPs) in establishing multiple
      sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis has diminished nowadays. The objective of
      this article is to evaluate whether MMEPs add information to MRI in identifying
      patients with higher risk of relapse or development of disability after a
      clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Patients who underwent visual, somato-sensory
      and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (EPs) were identified from a cohort of
      consecutive CIS. Patients also underwent brain MRI within 3 months of first
      attack. We analysed time to second attack and to Expanded Disability Status Scale
      (EDSS) score of 3.0 according to number of Barkhof criteria and number of
      abnormal MMEPs. A complete study was performed in 245 patients who were followed
      for a mean of 76.4 months (interquartile range: 61 to 96). Seventy-one patients
      (29%) had the three EPs normal, 115 patients (47%) had one abnormal EP; 40
      patients (16%) had two; and 19 patients (8%) had three abnormal EPs. Baseline MRI
      determined the risk for converting to clinically definite MS and correlated with
      disability according to previous studies. EPs individually did not modify the
      risk of conversion or disability. However, the presence of three abnormal EPs
      increased the risk of reaching moderate disability (hazard ratio 7.0; 1.4-34.9)
      independently of baseline MRI. In conclusion, in the presence of three abnormal
      EPs could help identify CIS patients with a higher risk of developing disability,
      independently of MRI findings. However, the utility of MMEPs is limited by the
      low percentage of CIS patients having the three abnormal at baseline.

PMID- 19995840
TI  - The Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC): validation of a new
      instrument to assess multiple sclerosis-related fatigue.
AB  - Fatigue symptoms are reported by a majority of patients with multiple sclerosis
      (MS). Reliable assessment, however, is a demanding issue as the symptoms are
      experienced subjectively and as objective assessment strategies are missing. The
      objective of this study was to develop and validate a new tool, the Fatigue Scale
      for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), for the assessment of MS-related
      cognitive and motor fatigue. A total of 309 MS patients and 147 healthy controls
      were included into the validation study. The FSMC was tested against several
      external criteria (e.g. cognition, motivation, personality and other fatigue
      scales). The item-analysis and validation procedure showed that the FSMC is
      highly sensitive and specific in detecting fatigued MS patients, that both
      subscales significantly differentiated between patients and controls (p < 0.01),
      and that internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha alpha > 0.91) as well as test
      retest reliability (r > 0.80) were high. Cut-off values were determined to
      classify patients as mildly, moderately or severely fatigued. In conclusion, the
      FSMC is a new scale that has undergone validation based on a large sample of
      patients and that provides differential quantification and graduation of
      cognitive and motor fatigue.

PMID- 19995841
TI  - Assessing visual pathway function in multiple sclerosis patients with multifocal
      visual evoked potentials.
AB  - Multifocal visual evoked potentials provide a topographic measure of visual
      response amplitude and latency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
      sensitivity and specificity of the multifocal visual evoked potential technique
      in detecting visual abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multifocal
      visual evoked potentials were recorded from 74 patients with multiple sclerosis
      with history of optic neuritis (MS-ON, n = 74 eyes) or without (MS-no-ON, n = 71
      eyes), and 50 normal subjects (controls, n = 100 eyes) using a 60-sector pattern
      reversal dartboard stimulus (VERIS). Amplitude and latency for each sector were
      compared with normative data and assigned probabilities. Size and location of
      clusters of adjacent abnormal sectors (p < 0.05) were examined. Mean response
      amplitudes were (+/- SE) 0.39 +/- 0.02, 0.53 +/- 0.02, and 0.60 +/- 0.01 for MS
      ON, MS-no-ON, and control groups, respectively, with significant differences
      between all groups (p < 0.0001). Mean latencies (ms; +/-SE relative to normative
      data) were 12.7 +/- 1.3 (MS-ON), 4.3 +/- 1.1 (MS-no-ON), and 0.3 +/- 0.4
      (controls); group differences again significant (p < 0.0001). Half the MS-ON eyes
      had clusters larger than five sectors compared with 13% in MS-no-ON and 2% in
      controls. Abnormal sectors were distributed diffusely, although the largest
      cluster was smaller than 15 sectors in two-thirds of MS-ON eyes. Cluster criteria
      combining amplitude and latency showed an area of 0.96 under the receiver
      operating characteristic curve, yielding a criterion with 91% sensitivity and 95%
      specificity. We conclude that the multifocal visual evoked potential provides
      high sensitivity and specificity in detecting abnormalities in visual function in
      multiple sclerosis patients.

PMID- 19995842
TI  - Attention Network Test reveals alerting network dysfunction in multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Attention is one of the cognitive domains typically affected in multiple
      sclerosis. The Attention Network Test was developed to measure the function of
      the three distinct attentional networks, alerting, orienting, and executive
      control. The Attention Network Test has been performed in various
      neuropsychiatric conditions, but not in multiple sclerosis. Our objective was to
      investigate functions of attentional networks in multiple sclerosis by means of
      the Attention Network Test. Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
      (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 57) matched for age, sex, and education
      performed the Attention Network Test. Significant differences between patients
      and controls were detected in the alerting network (p = 0.003), in contrast to
      the orienting (p = 0.696) and the conflict (p = 0.114) network of visual
      attention. Mean reaction time in the Attention Network Test was significantly
      longer in multiple sclerosis patients than in controls (p = 0.032), Multiple
      sclerosis patients benefited less from alerting cues for conflict resolution
      compared with healthy controls. The Attention Network Test revealed specific
      alterations of the attention network in multiple sclerosis patients which were
      not explained by an overall cognitive slowing.

PMID- 19995843
TI  - Primary progressive multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria: a reappraisal.
AB  - The diagnostic criteria used in primary progressive (PP) and relapsing-remitting
      (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) show substantial differences. This introduces
      complexity in the diagnosis of MS which could be resolved if these criteria could
      be unified in terms of the requirements for dissemination in space (DIS). The aim
      of this study was to assess whether a single algorithm may be used to demonstrate
      DIS in all forms of MS. Five sets of RRMS criteria for DIS were applied to a
      cohort of 145 patients with established PPMS (mean disease duration: 11 years -
      PPMS-1): C1: Barkhof-Tintore (as in 2005 McDonald's criteria); C2: Swanton et al.
      (as in JNNP 2006); C3: presence of oligoclonal bands plus two lesions (as in
      McDonald's criteria); C4 and C5: a two-step approach was also followed (patients
      not fulfilling C1 or C2 were then assessed for C3). Two sets of PPMS criteria for
      DIS were applied: C6: Thompson et al. (as in 2001 McDonald's criteria); C7: 2005
      McDonald criteria. A second sample of 55 patients with less than 5 years of
      disease duration (PPMS-2) was also analysed using an identical approach. For PPMS
      1/PPMS-2, fulfilment was: C1:73.8%/66.7%; C2:72.1%/59.3%; C3:89%/79.2%;
      C4:96%/92.3%; C5:96%/85.7%; C6:85.8%/78.7%; C7:91%/80.4%. Levels of fulfilment
      suggest that the use of a single set of criteria for DIS in RRMS and PPMS might
      be feasible, and reinforce the added value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings
      to increase fulfilment in PPMS. Unification of the DIS criteria for both RRMS and
      PPMS could be considered in further revisions of the MS diagnostic criteria.

PMID- 19995844
TI  - Paediatric and adult multiple sclerosis: age-related differences and time course
      of the neuroimmunological response in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - We investigate common pathophysiology in paediatric and adult multiple sclerosis
      (MS) by comparison of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data. We compared cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) data from eight patient groups with onset of MS at 7 to 29 years (n =
      184). A new statistics program allows sensitive detection, quantifies the mean
      amount of intrathecal Ig synthesis in groups based on the 96% reference range of
      4100 non-inflammatory controls, corrects for age-related increase of blood
      derived albumin and immunoglobulins in CSF, and presents graphical data
      interpretation in Reibergrams. Already at onset of MS before puberty (< or =10
      years) the frequency of intrathecal IgG synthesis (oligoclonal IgG) was 100% like
      in adults with 98%, but the amount of intrathecal IgG increases twofold during
      puberty. Intrathecal IgM synthesis is most frequent before and during puberty (in
      57-67% of patients) compared with 41% in adults. The amount of intrathecal IgM
      synthesis before puberty is only 30% of that in adults. IgG and IgM Index are
      biased evaluations not suitable for characterizing age-related dynamics. A
      twofold age-related increase of the albumin quotient, Q(Alb), as a measure of the
      blood-CSF barrier function, represents normal physiological growth. Cell counts
      in CSF are low. The pre-puberty gender ratio is about 1:1. Intrathecal antibodies
      against measles, rubella and/or varicella zoster virus are detected in 73% of
      patients before puberty compared with 89% of adults. Individual paediatric
      patients (n = 17), with sequential punctures over 2-5 years, show constant
      quantities of intrathecal IgM and specific antibodies. In conclusion, paediatric
      MS already at first clinical manifestation shows the complete, neuroimmunological
      data pattern in CSF, i.e. inflammatory signs are not gradually evolving.
      Paediatric and adult MS differ quantitatively but not qualitatively in
      neuroimmunological patterns which does not allow for discrimination between
      'early' and 'late' onset MS. CSF analysis may help to discriminate between acute
      and mono-symptomatic chronic inflammatory disease already at earliest clinical
      manifestation.

PMID- 19995845
TI  - HLA-DRB association in neuromyelitis optica is different from that observed in
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Until recently, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) was considered to be a sub-type of
      multiple sclerosis (MS), which has a strong predilection for Caucasian
      populations, whereas NMO is more frequent in non-Caucasian individuals. The
      objective of this study was to compare the HLA-DRB profile in Brazilian Mulatto
      patients with NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) with that observed for Mulatto MS
      patients and healthy Mulatto controls. Twenty seven NMOSD patients (20 women),
      all seropositive for NMO-IgG, 29 MS patients and 28 Mulatto healthy blood donors
      were evaluated for HLA-DRB allele groups. HLA-DRB1*03 allele group was
      overrepresented in NMO patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0401; OR =
      3.23, 95%CI: 1.07-9.82). In contrast, the HLA-DRB1*15 allele group was
      overrepresented in Brazilian MS patients (OR = 15.89, 95%CI: 3.51-71.85; p <
      0.0001). DRB3 was overrepresented in NMO (p = 0.0064), and DRB5 overrepresented
      in MS patients (p = 0.0001). The low frequency of HLA-DRB1*15 alleles was
      associated with the presence of long and central cord lesions at magnetic
      resonance. In addition, DRB1*15 alleles were associated with the fulfillment of
      the Barkhof criteria. In conclusion, these results indicate that the DRB profile
      of NMO patients is different from that observed for MS patients, further
      corroborating the distinction between NMO and MS.

PMID- 19995847
TI  - Hypothalamic involvement assessed by T1 relaxation time in patients with
      relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Recent work in multiple sclerosis, focusing on neuropathological abnormalities,
      found a frequent and severe hypothalamic involvement. The possible clinical
      implications are disturbances in sleep and sexual activity, depression, memory
      impairment and fatigue. Despite this there are no magnetic resonance imaging
      studies focusing on in vivo hypothalamic pathology in multiple sclerosis. Our
      objective was to investigate magnetic resonance imaging-detectable abnormalities
      related to pathological changes in the hypothalamus of patients with multiple
      sclerosis, and to subsequently explore the relationship with fatigue. We used T1
      relaxation time as a sensitive measure of pathology. Using region of interest
      analysis, median T1 values in the hypothalamus were measured in 44 relapsing
      remitting multiple sclerosis patients and in 13 healthy controls. Fatigue was
      assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale, and patients were divided in two
      subgroups, fatigued and non-fatigued, according to Fatigue Severity Scale scores.
      We found a significantly higher T1 relaxation time in the hypothalamus of
      multiple sclerosis patients compared with controls (p = 0.027). There was a
      significant correlation between T1 values and fatigue severity (rho 0.437, p =
      0.008), and median T1 values were different among the study groups. Our results
      show that pathological involvement of the hypothalamus in relapsing-remitting
      multiple sclerosis is detectable using magnetic resonance imaging, and that the
      pathology measured by quantitative T1 might reflect fatigue.

PMID- 19995846
TI  - Effects of immunomodulatory treatment with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a on
      cognitive decline in mildly disabled patients with relapsing-remitting multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - The objective of this study was to assess the effects of subcutaneous (sc)
      interferon beta-1a (IFNbeta-1a) on cognition in mildly disabled patients with
      relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Patients aged 18-50 years with
      RRMS (McDonald criteria; Expanded Disability Status Scale score <or=4.0) were
      assigned IFNbeta therapy at the physician's discretion and underwent standardized
      magnetic resonance imaging, neurological examination and neuropsychological
      testing at the baseline and regular intervals for up to three years. This
      analysis included 459 patients who received sc IFNbeta-1a (44 mcg: n = 236; 22
      mcg: n = 223; three-year follow up was available for 318 patients). The hazard
      ratio for cognitive impairment over three years (44 mcg versus 22 mcg) was 0.68
      (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.480-0.972), suggesting a 32% lower risk with the
      higher dose treatment. At year 3, the proportion of patients who were cognitively
      impaired increased slightly from 23.5% at the baseline to 24.8% in the IFNbeta-1a
      22 mcg treatment group, but remained stable at 15.2% in the IFNbeta-1a 44 mcg
      treatment group. The proportion of patients with cognitive impairment at year 3
      was significantly higher in the 22 mcg group than in the 44 mcg group (P = 0.03),
      although a trend was also seen at the baseline (P = 0.058). Multivariate logistic
      regression (corrected for baseline cognitive deficits) indicated that treatment
      with the higher dose of IFNbeta-1a was predictive of lower cognitive impairment
      at three years (odds ratio: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26-0.99) compared with the lower dose
      of IFNbeta-1a. These findings suggest that sc IFNbeta-1a may have dose-dependent
      cognitive benefits in mildly disabled patients with RRMS, and may support early
      initiation of high-dose IFNbeta-1a treatment.

PMID- 19995848
TI  - Discontinuing disease-modifying therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: can we
      stop what we have started?
AB  - Disease-modifying therapy is ineffective in disabled patients (Expanded
      Disability Status Scale [EDSS] > 6.5) with secondary progressive multiple
      sclerosis (MS) without relapses, or in primary progressive MS. Many patients with
      secondary progressive MS who initially had relapsing MS continue to use disease
      modifying therapies. The enormous associated costs are a burden to health
      services. Regular assessment is recommended to guide discontinuation of disease
      modifying therapies when no longer beneficial, but this is unavailable to many
      patients, particularly in rural areas. The objectives of this study are as
      follows: 1. To observe use of disease-modifying therapies in patients with
      progressive multiple sclerosis and EDSS > 6.5. 2. To examine approaches used by a
      group of international MS experts to stopping-disease modifying therapies in
      patients with secondary progressive MS without relapses. During an
      epidemiological study in three regions of Ireland (southeast Dublin city, and
      Wexford and Donegal Counties), we recorded details of disease-modifying therapies
      in patients with progressive MS and EDSS > 6.5. An e-questionnaire was sent to 26
      neurologists with expert knowledge of MS, asking them to share their approach to
      stopping disease-modifying therapies in patients with secondary progressive MS.
      Three hundred and thirty-six patients were studied: 88 from southeast Dublin, 99
      from Wexford and 149 from Donegal. Forty-four had EDSS > 6.5: 12 were still using
      disease-modifying therapies. Of the surveyed neurologists, 15 made efforts to
      stop disease-modifying therapies in progressive multiple sclerosis, but most did
      not insist. A significant proportion (12 of 44 patients with progressive MS and
      EDSS > 6.5) was considered to be receiving therapy without benefit. Eleven of the
      12 were from rural counties, reflecting poorer access to neurology services. The
      costs of disease-modifying therapies in this group (>170,000 euro yearly) could
      be re-directed towards development of neurology services to optimize their
      management.

PMID- 19995849
TI  - Modifying effects of HLA-DRB1 allele interactions on age at onset of multiple
      sclerosis in Western Australia.
AB  - The contribution of genetic factors to the age at onset in multiple sclerosis is
      poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the disease modifying effects
      of HLA-DRB1 alleles and allele interactions on age at onset of multiple
      sclerosis. High-resolution four-digit HLA-DRB1 genotyping was performed in a
      cohort of 461 multiple sclerosis patients from the Perth Demyelinating Diseases
      Database. Carriage of the HLA-DRB1*1501 risk allele was not significantly
      associated with age at onset but HLA-DRB1*0801 was associated with a later onset
      of the disease. The HLA-DRB1*0401 allele was associated with a reduced age at
      onset when combined with DRB1*1501 but may delay age at onset when combined with
      DRB1*0801. These findings indicate that epistatic interactions at the HLA-DRB1
      locus have significant modifying effects on age at onset of multiple sclerosis
      and demonstrate the value of high-resolution genotyping in detecting such
      associations.

PMID- 19995850
TI  - Metabolic hormones regulate basal and growth hormone-dependent igf2 mRNA level in
      primary cultured coho salmon hepatocytes: effects of insulin, glucagon,
      dexamethasone, and triiodothyronine.
AB  - Igf1 and Igf2 stimulate growth and development of vertebrates. Circulating Igfs
      are produced by the liver. In mammals, Igf1 mediates the postnatal growth
      promoting effects of growth hormone (Gh), whereas Igf2 stimulates fetal and
      placental growth. Hepatic Igf2 production is not regulated by Gh in mammals.
      Little is known about the regulation of hepatic Igf2 production in nonmammalian
      vertebrates. We examined the regulation of igf2 mRNA level by metabolic hormones
      in primary cultured coho salmon hepatocytes. Gh, insulin, the glucocorticoid
      agonist dexamethasone (Dex), and glucagon increased igf2 mRNA levels, whereas
      triiodothyronine (T(3)) decreased igf2 mRNA levels. Gh stimulated igf2 mRNA at
      physiological concentrations (0.25x10(-9) M and above). Insulin strongly enhanced
      Gh stimulation of igf2 at low physiological concentrations (10(-11) M and above),
      and increased basal igf2 (10(-8) M and above). Dex stimulated basal igf2 at
      concentrations comparable to those of stressed circulating cortisol (10(-8) M and
      above). Glucagon stimulated basal and Gh-stimulated igf2 at supraphysiological
      concentrations (10(-7) M and above), whereas T(3) suppressed basal and Gh
      stimulated igf2 at the single concentration tested (10(-7) M). These results show
      that igf2 mRNA level is highly regulated in salmon hepatocytes, suggesting that
      liver-derived Igf2 plays a significant role in salmon growth physiology. The
      synergistic regulation of igf2 by insulin and Gh in salmon hepatocytes is similar
      to the regulation of hepatic Igf1 production in mammals.

PMID- 19995851
TI  - In pursuit of the high-resolution structure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
AB  - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been studied extensively for
      well over four decades because of its important physiological roles and medical
      relevance. A large body of data from biochemical and biophysical studies are now
      available. The structural information, which is needed to integrate existing data
      to address the mechanism and function of nAChRs, started to emerge in recent
      years. Structural studies of acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBPs) have greatly
      facilitated the study of nAChRs. The recently determined crystal structures of
      the prokaryotic homologues of nAChRs will probably have similar impact over time.
      However, a direct structural model of nAChRs at high resolution will be important
      for mechanistic studies and drug development. Here we will review some of the
      recent efforts in this area and use the high-resolution structure of the
      extracellular domains of nAChR alpha1 to illustrate the potential insights one
      may gain at higher resolution.

PMID- 19995852
TI  - Atomic structure and dynamics of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels: new
      insight from bacterial homologues.
AB  - Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are widely expressed in the animal
      kingdom and are key players of neurotransmission by acetylcholine (ACh), gamma
      amminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine and serotonin. It is now established that this
      family has a prokaryotic origin, since more than 20 homologues have been
      discovered in bacteria. In particular, the GLIC homologue displays a ligand-gated
      ion channel function and is activated by protons. The prokaryotic origin of these
      membrane proteins facilitated the X-ray structural resolution of the first
      members of this family. ELIC was solved at 3.3 A in a closed-pore conformation,
      and GLIC at up to 2.9 A in an apparently open-pore conformation. These data
      reveal many structural features, notably the architecture of the pore, including
      its gate and its selectivity filter, and the interactions between the protein and
      lipids. In addition, comparison of the structures of GLIC and ELIC hints at a
      mechanism of channel opening, which consists of both a quaternary twist and a
      tertiary deformation. This mechanism couples opening-closing motions of the
      channel with a global reorganization of the protein, including the subunit
      interface that holds the neurotransmitter binding sites in eukaryotic pLGICs.

PMID- 19995853
TI  - A systematic review of continuous performance task research in children
      prenatally exposed to alcohol.
AB  - AIMS: The aim of this study was to review systematically, research investigating
      an association between the continuous performance task (CPT) in children and
      exposure to alcohol in utero, in order to identify any evidence of a specific
      deficit in performance. METHODS: Seven electronic databases and three websites
      were searched. Papers were selected in accordance with specific inclusion
      criteria and scored in terms of the methodological quality using the Newcastle
      Ottawa score. Marked methodological heterogeneity limited the validity of any
      statistical meta-analysis and a descriptive synthesis was performed instead.
      RESULTS: A total of 14 papers were identified for inclusion. There was no
      consistent evidence of any association between prenatal alcohol exposure and
      correct responses, reaction time, commission or omission errors during CPT
      testing. Apparent trends in the reported results, however, suggest that a
      potential effect might have been missed. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying a specific
      profile of CPT performance may assist in the detection and management of
      attention deficits amongst children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Future
      research with more consistent measures of exposure and outcome is, however,
      required before any valid generalizations about CPT performance can be made.

PMID- 19995855
TI  - Highly sensitive ELISA for determining serum keratan sulphate levels in the
      diagnosis of OA.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: There have been a large number of reports on alterations in the serum
      level of keratan sulphate (KS), a potential marker of articular cartilage
      degeneration in patients with arthropathy. Such studies have commonly employed
      ELISA using the anti-KS monoclonal antibody 1/20/5D4 (5D4-ELISA) to determine KS
      levels. Recently, a highly sensitive KS ELISA (HS-ELISA) kit has been developed,
      allowing determination of serum KS levels even in small animals, which were
      formerly undetectable with 5D4-ELISA. However, the effectiveness of this kit in
      humans has not been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to assess the
      usefulness of the HS-ELISA for the analysis of human serum samples. METHODS:
      Serum samples were collected from 28 patients with knee OA and 23 healthy
      volunteers. KS was determined by 5D4-ELISA and HS-ELISA, and measurements were
      compared with those obtained by HPLC. KS levels in serum samples with protease
      pretreatment were also determined by HS-ELISA. RESULTS: KS levels determined by
      HS-ELISA exhibited a better correlation with those determined by HPLC, and a
      higher diagnostic sensitivity for OA compared with 5D4-ELISA. Protease
      pretreatment of serum further improved the correlation between the values
      obtained by HS-ELISA and HPLC, as well as the diagnostic sensitivity of HS-ELISA
      for OA. CONCLUSIONS: HS-ELISA proved useful for determining KS level in serum and
      the diagnosis of OA. Pretreatment of serum samples with a protease further
      improved the performance of HS-ELISA.

PMID- 19995856
TI  - Accumulation of VEGFR-2+/CD133+ cells and decreased number and impaired
      functionality of CD34+/VEGFR-2+ cells in patients with SLE.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Inflammation and atherosclerosis are the major causes of
      cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SLE. Both traditional and disease-specific risk
      factors contribute to the formation of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial
      progenitor cells (EPCs) have the ability to restore endothelial integrity. The
      aim of this study was to determine whether the number and function of EPCs are
      altered in SLE. METHODS: Nineteen patients with SLE and 19 controls were
      analysed. VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)(+)/CD133(+) and CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+) cells were
      quantified by flow cytometry. EPC differentiation was measured by DiI
      acLDL/Lectin I staining. Furthermore, apoptosis, proliferation capacity,
      migration capacity and clonogenic ability of EPCs were determined. RESULTS: VEGFR
      2(+)/CD133(+) cells were enhanced in SLE [215 (37) vs 122 (11) cells/1 x 10(6)
      lymphocytes; P = 0.029], whereas the number [106 (13) vs 215 (27) cells/1 x 10(6)
      lymphocytes; P = 0.002] and the proliferation rate [96% (6%) vs 143% (19%); P =
      0.008] of CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+) cells were decreased compared with controls.
      Additionally, EPCs in SLE showed an increased apoptosis [7% (1.4%) vs 3% (0.4%);
      P = 0.004], an impaired differentiation [36 (5) vs 121 (20) cells/mm(2); P <
      0.001] and a reduced migratory capacity [116% (4%) vs 139% (4%); P = 0.001].
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the mobilization of progenitor cells is
      unaffected in SLE, but the diminished number and the altered functionality of
      circulating CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+) cells reduce the ability to repair vascular damage
      and thus may trigger the development of atherosclerosis in SLE.

PMID- 19995857
TI  - Maintenance of physical activity after Internet-based physical activity
      interventions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the maintenance of physical activity 12 months after
      two 1-year Internet-based physical activity interventions in patients with RA.
      METHODS: This follow-up study was a randomized comparison of an Internet-based
      individualized training (IT) and a general training (GT) programme in sedentary
      RA patients. Outcome measures included physical activity (meeting public health
      recommendations for moderate physical activity, i.e. 30 min for at least 5
      days/week; or vigorous physical activity, i.e. 20 min for at least 3 days/week),
      functional ability and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: Of the 152 RA patients who
      completed the initial study, 110 (72%) were available at follow-up. At 24 months,
      the proportions of patients meeting public health recommendations for moderate
      intensity physical activity were significantly higher compared with baseline in
      both the IT and GT groups (19 and 24%, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas the
      proportions of patients meeting the recommendation for vigorous activity was only
      significantly higher compared with baseline in the IT group (P < 0.05) but not in
      the GT group. There were no differences between the IT and GT groups concerning
      proportions of patients meeting moderate or vigorous physical activity
      recommendations at 24 months. Apart from a significantly higher RAQoL score in
      the IT group at 24 months compared with baseline, there were no significant
      differences within or between the programmes regarding functional ability or QoL.
      CONCLUSION: In RA patients, the effectiveness of both an individualized and a
      general 1-year Internet-based physical activity programme is sustained with
      respect to moderate intensity physical activity up to 12 months after the
      interventions.

PMID- 19995858
TI  - Prognosis of Behcet's syndrome among men with mucocutaneous involvement at
      disease onset: long-term outcome of patients enrolled in a controlled trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of being free of major organ involvement
      during the early years of the disease on the prognosis of men with Behcet's
      syndrome (BS). METHODS: Ninety-six men with BS, who had only active mucocutaneous
      manifestations when entering a controlled trial of thalidomide mean (s.d.) 11.7
      (0.8) years ago, were re-evaluated for the use of immunosuppressives as an
      indication of major organ involvement during the post-trial period. RESULTS:
      Outcome information was obtained in 91 (95%) patients. Thirty-nine (43%) patients
      had to use immunosuppressives during the post-trial period. Immunosuppressive use
      was significantly more frequent among patients developing BS at younger age (76%;
      <or=24 years) than older age (30%; >or=25 years). Developing BS at young age (OR
      = 6.3; 95% CI 2.09, 19.04) and not using colchicine during the post-trial period
      (OR = 3.860; 95% CI 1.484, 10.034) were risk factors for immunosuppressive use.
      However, 82% of the patients using colchicine had onset during old age.
      Colchicine showed a significant effect in decreasing the use of
      immunosuppressives only among patients of old age at onset (Fisher's exact test =
      5.026; P = 0.031) in the subgroup analysis. Eye disease (18 patients) and
      vascular involvement (14 patients) were the most frequent indications for
      immunosuppressive use. CONCLUSIONS: Being free of major organ involvement during
      the early years of BS does not indicate a mild prognosis for men developing BS at
      young age. Whether colchicine will reduce the need for immunosuppressive use
      among men developing BS at old age awaits formal studies.

PMID- 19995859
TI  - Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of disease
      activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the capability and reliability of dynamic contrast
      enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the assessment of disease activity in juvenile
      idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS: DCE-MRI of the clinically more affected
      wrist or hip joints was undertaken in 21 patients, coupled with standard clinical
      assessment and biochemical analysis. Synovial inflammation was assessed by
      computing the maximum level of synovial enhancement (ME), the maximum rate of
      enhancement (MV) and the rate of early enhancement (REE) from the enhancement
      curves generated from region of interest independently delineated by two readers
      in the area of the ME. Correlations between dynamic parameters and clinical
      measures of disease activity, and static MRI synovitis score were investigated.
      RESULTS: In patients with wrist arthritis, REE correlated with the wrist swelling
      score (r(s) = 0.72), ESR (r(s) = 0.69), pain assessment scale (r(s) = 0.63) and
      childhood HAQ (r(s) = 0.60). In patients with hip arthritis, ME correlated with
      the hip limitation of motion (r(s) = 0.69). Static MRI synovitis score based on
      post-gadolinium enhancement correlated with MV (r(s) = 0.63) in patients with
      wrist arthritis and with ME (r = 0.68) in those with hip arthritis. The inter
      reader agreement assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for ME, MV
      and REE (ICC = 0.98, 0.97 and 0.84, respectively) was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: DCE
      MRI represents a promising method for the assessment of disease activity in JIA,
      especially in patients with wrist arthritis. As far as we know, this study is the
      first to demonstrate the feasibility, reliability and construct validity of DCE
      MRI in JIA. These results should be confirmed in large-scale longitudinal studies
      in view of its further application in therapeutic decision making and in clinical
      trials.

PMID- 19995860
TI  - An evaluation of the impact of a large reduction in alcohol prices on alcohol
      related and all-cause mortality: time series analysis of a population-based
      natural experiment.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We examined the effect of a large reduction in the price of alcohol
      that occurred in Finland in 2004 on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality, and
      mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from which alcohol-attributable
      cases were excluded. METHODS: Time series intervention analysis modelling was
      applied to the monthly aggregations of deaths in Finland for the period 1996-2006
      to assess the impact of the reduction in alcohol prices. Alcohol-related
      mortality was defined using information on both underlying and contributory
      causes of death. Analyses were carried out for men and women aged 15-39, 40-49,
      50-69 and >69 years. RESULTS: Alcohol-related deaths increased in men aged 40-49
      years, and in men and women aged 50-69 years, after the price reduction when
      trends and seasonal variation were taken into account: the mean rate of alcohol
      related mortality increased by 17% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 33.7], 14%
      (95% CI 1.1, 28.0) and 40% (95% CI) 7.1, 81.7), respectively, which implies 2.5,
      2.9 and 1.6 additional monthly deaths per 100,000 person-years following the
      price reduction. In contrast to alcohol-related mortality, CVD and all-cause
      mortality decreased: among men and women aged >69 years a decrease of 7 and 10%,
      respectively, in CVD mortality implied 19 and 25 fewer monthly deaths per 100,000
      person-years, and a decrease of 7 and 14%, respectively, in all-cause mortality
      similarly implied 42 and 69 fewer monthly deaths. CONCLUSION: These results
      obtained from the time series analyses suggest that the reduction in alcohol
      prices led to an increase in alcohol-related mortality, except in persons <40
      years of age. However, it appears that beneficial effects in older age, when CVD
      deaths are prevalent, counter-balance these adverse effects, at least to some
      extent.

PMID- 19995861
TI  - Devising a female sex work typology using data from Karnataka, India.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We examine the extent to which an existing sex work typology captures
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk in Karnataka and propose a systematic
      approach for devising evidence-based typologies. METHODS: The proposed approach
      has four stages: (i) identifying main places of solicitation and places of sex;
      (ii) constructing possible typologies based on either or both of these criteria;
      (iii) analysing variations in indicators of risk, such as HIV/sexually
      transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and client volume, across the categories
      of the typologies; and (iv) identifying the simplest typology that captures the
      risk variation experienced by female sex workers (FSWs) across different
      settings. Analysis is based on data from 2312 participants in integrated
      biological and behavioural assessments of FSWs conducted in Karnataka, India.
      Logistic regression was used to predict HIV/STI status (high-titre syphilis,
      gonorrhea or chlamydia) and linear regression to predict client volume. RESULTS:
      Our analysis suggests that the most appropriate typology in Karnataka consists of
      the following categories: brothel to brothel (i.e. solicit and have sex in
      brothels) (11% of sampled FSWs); home to home (32%), street to home (11%), street
      to rented room (9%), street to lodge (22%), street to street (9%) and other FSWs
      (8%). Street to lodge FSWs had high HIV (30%) and STI prevalence (27%), followed
      by brothel to brothel FSWs (34 and 13%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed
      typology identifies street to lodge FSWs as being at particularly high risk,
      which was obscured by the existing typology that distinguishes between FSWs based
      on place of solicitation alone.

PMID- 19995862
TI  - Cohort profile: The Mauritius Child Health Project.

PMID- 19995863
TI  - Full blown picture of Wernicke's encephalopathy.

PMID- 19995864
TI  - Brief report: Deficits in health care management skills among adolescent and
      young adult liver transplant recipients transitioning to adult care settings.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to describe and compare mastery
      of health care management in adolescent (aged 14-17 years) and young adult
      recipients of a liver transplant (age >= 18 years) expected to transfer from
      pediatric to adult care settings. METHODS: Fifty-two liver transplant recipients
      completed the Developmentally Based Skills Checklist, which asks how often
      patients independently engage in specific health care management skills. RESULTS:
      Overall, young adult patients reported greater health care management than
      adolescents. However, less than half of the young adults surveyed reported
      consistently managing their liver disease independently, making their own
      appointments, and understanding insurance issues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results
      suggest that liver transplant recipients display inconsistency with regards to
      how frequently they engage in health management behaviors. Future work will
      address intervention development to remedy this first aspect of transition to
      adulthood such that patients are better prepared before moving to adult care
      centers.

PMID- 19995865
TI  - Does early age at brain insult predict worse outcome? Neuropsychological
      implications.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Traditionally early brain insult (EBI) has been argued to have better
      outcome than later injury, consistent with the notion that the young brain is
      flexible and able to reorganize. This view was investigated by comparing
      neurobehavioral outcomes of children sustaining EBI at different developmental
      stages (gestation to late childhood). METHODS: One hundred and sixty four
      children who had sustained focal brain insult (confirmed by MRI) formed six
      groups, based on age at EBI, (a) Congenital; (b) Peri-natal; (c) Infancy; (d)
      Preschool; (e) Middle Childhood; (f) Late Childhood, and were compared on a range
      of standardized neurobehavioral measures. Groups were matched for lesion
      characteristics and demographics. RESULTS: Children sustaining EBI before age 2
      recorded global deficits, while children with later EBI performed closer to
      average. CONCLUSION: These results question the advantages of early brain
      plasticity, demonstrating poorer outcome from very early insults, and
      increasingly better function with lesions later in childhood.

PMID- 19995867
TI  - Assessing family-based feeding strategies, strengths, and mealtime structure with
      the Feeding Strategies Questionnaire.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Develop a questionnaire to assess family-based feeding strategies,
      strengths, and mealtime structure for use with children with feeding problems;
      validate this new instrument with caregivers of young children from the community
      and a specialty feeding-clinic; and examine preliminary evidence for reliability
      and validity. METHODS: Community caregivers (n = 702) and caregivers seeking
      services at a pediatric feeding specialty clinic (n = 288) completed the Feeding
      Strategies Questionnaire (FSQ). A smaller portion of these families also
      completed an established feeding measure. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory
      factor analyses were conducted to develop and validate the FSQ factor structure
      that resulted in six scales: Mealtime Structure, Consistent Mealtime Schedule,
      Child Control of Intake, Parent Control of Intake, Between Meal Grazing and
      Encourages Clean Plate. Evidence of reliability and validity was obtained.
      CONCLUSION: It appears the FSQ can aid the assessment of feeding strategies
      relevant to the prevention or treatment of pediatric feeding difficulties.

PMID- 19995866
TI  - Skin conductance reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia among maltreated and
      comparison youth: relations with aggressive behavior.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine respiratory sinus arrhythmia
      (RSA), an indicator of parasympathetic nervous system-linked cardiac activity,
      and skin conductance level (SCL), a sympathetic indicator, as moderators of the
      link between child maltreatment and adolescent aggression. METHOD: Participants
      were 234 maltreated (48.3% male) and 128 (57.8% male) comparison youth aged 9-16
      years participating in wave 2 of a longitudinal study. RESULTS: Regression
      analyses suggest that among boys, high RSA may be protective against the effects
      of maltreatment on aggressive behavior. Among girls, the moderating effect of RSA
      was further moderated by SCL reactivity such that low levels of both baseline RSA
      and SCL reactivity, or conversely high levels of both baseline RSA and SCL
      reactivity, exacerbated the link between maltreatment and aggression.
      CONCLUSIONS: High RSA may protect against the effects of maltreatment on
      aggressive behavior, though this effect may be moderated by SCL reactivity among
      girls.

PMID- 19995868
TI  - Reduced hippocampal activity in youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms: an FMRI
      study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Youth who experience interpersonal trauma and have posttraumatic
      stress symptoms (PTSS) develop cognitive deficits that impact their development.
      Our goal is to investigate the function of the hippocampus in adolescents with
      PTSS during a memory processing task. METHODS: Twenty-seven adolescents between
      the ages of 10-17 years (16 with PTSS and 11 healthy controls) encoded and
      retrieved visually presented nouns (Verbal Declarative Memory Task) while
      undergoing fMRI scanning. RESULTS: The PTSS group demonstrated reduced activation
      of the right hippocampus during the retrieval component of the task. Further,
      severity of symptoms of avoidance and numbing correlated with reduced left
      hippocampal activation during retrieval. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased activity of the
      hippocampus during a verbal memory task may be a neurofunctional marker of PTSS
      in youth with history of interpersonal trauma. The results of this study may
      facilitate the development of focused treatments and may be of utility when
      assessing treatment outcome for PTSS.

PMID- 19995869
TI  - Child maltreatment and adult cigarette smoking: a long-term developmental model.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine: (a) child maltreatment's association with young adult
      daily cigarette smoking, (b) variations in this association by gender, and (c)
      mediators of this association. METHODS: For all study participants (N = 1,125,
      94% African American), data from multiple sources (e.g., child welfare records)
      were collected prospectively at child, adolescent, and young adult time points.
      Authors enlisted multivariate probit regression for objectives a and b versus
      exploratory and confirmatory mediation strategies for objective c. RESULTS:
      Maltreatment was significantly associated with daily cigarette smoking. Although
      not moderated by gender, this relation was fully mediated by adolescent
      indicators of family support/stability, social adjustment, and cognitive/school
      performance along with young adult indicators of educational attainment, life
      satisfaction, substance abuse, and criminality. CONCLUSIONS: Maltreatment places
      low-income, minority children at risk for daily cigarette smoking and other
      deleterious young adult health outcomes. Recommended treatment targets include
      family support/stability, emotion regulation, social skills, and
      cognitive/academic functioning.

PMID- 19995870
TI  - Misattributions of agency in schizophrenia are based on imprecise predictions
      about the sensory consequences of one's actions.
AB  - The experience of being the initiator of one's own actions seems to be infallible
      at first glance. Misattributions of agency of one's actions in certain
      neurological or psychiatric patients reveal, however, that the central mechanisms
      underlying this experience can go astray. In particular, delusions of influence
      in schizophrenia might result from deficits in an inferential mechanism that
      allows distinguishing whether or not a sensory event has been self-produced. This
      distinction is made by comparing the actual sensory information with the
      consequences of one's action as predicted on the basis of internal action-related
      signals such as efference copies. If this internal prediction matches the actual
      sensory event, an action is registered as self-caused; in case of a mismatch, the
      difference is interpreted as externally produced. We tested the hypothesis that
      delusions of influence are based on deficits in this comparator mechanism. In
      particular, we tested whether patients' impairments in action attribution tasks
      are caused by imprecise predictions about the sensory consequences of self
      action. Schizophrenia patients and matched controls performed pointing movements
      in a virtual-reality setup in which the visual consequences of movements could be
      rotated with respect to the actual movement. Experiment 1 revealed higher
      thresholds for detecting experimental feedback rotations in the patient group.
      The size of these thresholds correlated positively with patients' delusions of
      influence. Experiment 2 required subjects to estimate their direction of pointing
      visually in the presence of constantly rotated visual feedback. When compared to
      controls, patients' estimates were significantly better adapted to the feedback
      rotation and exhibited an increased variability. In interleaved trials without
      visual feedback, i.e. when pointing estimates relied solely on internal action
      related signals, this variability was likewise increased and correlated with both
      delusions of influence and the size of patients' detection thresholds as assessed
      in the first experiment. These findings support the notion that delusions of
      influence are based on imprecise internal predictions about the sensory
      consequences of one's actions. Moreover, we suggest that such imprecise
      predictions prompt patients to rely more strongly on (and thus adapt to) external
      agency cues, in this case vision. Such context-dependent weighted integration of
      imprecise internal predictions and alternative agency cues might thus reflect the
      common basis for the various misattributions of agency in schizophrenia patients.

PMID- 19995871
TI  - Enhanced frontal function in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - We investigated the role of dopamine in working memory by examining effects of
      withdrawing dopaminergic medication in patients with Parkinson's disease.
      Resistance to distraction during a delayed response task was abnormally enhanced
      in Parkinson's disease patients OFF medication relative to controls. Conversely,
      performance on a backward digit span test was impaired in these same Parkinson's
      disease patients OFF medication. Dopaminergic medication reinstated
      susceptibility to distraction and backward digit span performance, so that
      performance of Parkinson's disease patients ON medication did not differ from
      that of controls. We hypothesize that the enhanced distractor resistance and
      impaired backward digit span in Parkinson's disease reflects low dopamine levels
      in the striatum, and perhaps upregulated frontal dopamine levels. Dopaminergic
      medication may reinstate distractibility by normalizing the balance between
      striatal and prefrontal dopamine transmission.

PMID- 19995872
TI  - Embryonic stem cell-derived L1 overexpressing neural aggregates enhance recovery
      in Parkinsonian mice.
AB  - Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after
      Alzheimer's disease, and the most common movement disorder. Drug treatment and
      deep brain stimulation can ameliorate symptoms, but the progressive degeneration
      of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra eventually leads to severe motor
      dysfunction. The transplantation of stem cells has emerged as a promising
      approach to replace lost neurons in order to restore dopamine levels in the
      striatum and reactivate functional circuits. We have generated substrate-adherent
      embryonic stem cell-derived neural aggregates overexpressing the neural cell
      adhesion molecule L1, because it has shown beneficial functions after central
      nervous system injury. L1 enhances neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration,
      differentiation and survival as well as myelination. In a previous study, L1 was
      shown to enhance functional recovery in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. In
      another study, a new differentiation protocol for murine embryonic stem cells was
      established allowing the transplantation of stem cell-derived neural aggregates
      consisting of differentiated neurons and radial glial cells into the lesioned
      brain. In the present study, this embryonic stem cell line was engineered to
      overexpress L1 constitutively at all stages of differentiation and used to
      generate stem cell-derived neural aggregates. These were monitored in their
      effects on stem cell survival and differentiation, rescue of endogenous
      dopaminergic neurons and ability to influence functional recovery after
      transplantation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Female C57BL/6J mice
      (2 months old) were treated with the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intraperitoneally to deplete dopaminergic neurons
      selectively, followed by unilateral transplantation of stem cell-derived neural
      aggregates into the striatum. Mice grafted with L1 overexpressing stem cell
      derived neural aggregates showed better functional recovery when compared to mice
      transplanted with wild-type stem cell-derived neural aggregates and vehicle
      injected mice. Morphological analysis revealed increased numbers and migration of
      surviving transplanted cells, as well as increased numbers of dopaminergic
      neurons, leading to enhanced levels of dopamine in the striatum ipsilateral to
      the grafted side in L1 overexpressing stem cell-derived neural aggregates, when
      compared to wild-type stem cell-derived neural aggregates. The striatal levels of
      gamma-aminobutyric acid were not affected by L1 overexpressing stem cell-derived
      neural aggregates. Furthermore, L1 overexpressing, but not wild-type stem cell
      derived neural aggregates, enhanced survival of endogenous host dopaminergic
      neurons after transplantation adjacent to the substantia nigra pars compacta.
      Thus, L1 overexpressing stem cell-derived neural aggregates enhance survival and
      migration of transplanted cells, differentiation into dopaminergic neurons,
      survival of endogenous dopaminergic neurons, and functional recovery after
      syngeneic transplantation in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
      mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 19995873
TI  - Incidence and characteristics of newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease in urban
      African adults: insights from the heart of Soweto study.
AB  - AIMS: Little is known on the incidence and clinical characteristics of newly
      diagnosed rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in adulthood from urban African
      communities in epidemiologic transition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chris Hani
      Baragwanath Hospital services the black African community of 1.1 million people
      in Soweto, South Africa. A prospective, clinical registry captured data from all
      de novo cases of structural and functional valvular heart disease (VHD)
      presenting to the Cardiology Unit during 2006/07. We describe in detail all cases
      with newly diagnosed RHD. There were 4005 de novo presentations in 2006/07 and
      960 (24%) had a valvular abnormality. Of these, 344 cases (36%) were diagnosed
      with RHD. Estimated incidence of new cases of RHD for those aged >14 years in the
      region was 23.5 cases/100 000 per annum. Most were black African females (n = 234
      68%) with a similar age profile to males [median 41 (interquartile range 30-55)
      years vs. 42 (interquartile range 31-55) years]. The predominant valvular lesion
      (n = 204, 59%) was mitral regurgitation (MR), with 48 (14%) and 43 (13%) cases,
      respectively, having combination lesions of aortic plus MR and mixed mitral VHD.
      Impaired systolic function was found in 28/204 cases (14%) of predominant MR and
      in 23/126 cases (18%) with predominant aortic regurgitation. Elevated right
      ventricular systolic pressure >35 mmHg (62 cases), atrial fibrillation (34
      cases), and anaemia (27 cases) were found in 18, 10, and 8% of 344 RHD cases,
      respectively. Subsequent valve replacement/repair was performed in 75 patients
      (22%). A total of 90 cases (26%) were admitted within 30 months of initial
      diagnosis for suspected bacterial endocarditis. CONCLUSION: These data reveal a
      high incidence of newly diagnosed RHD within an adult urban African community.
      These data argue strongly for the first episode of RHD to be made a notifiable
      condition in high burden countries in order to ensure control of the disease
      through register-based secondary prophylaxis programmes.

PMID- 19995874
TI  - Three dimensional evaluation of the aortic annulus using multislice computer
      tomography: are manufacturer's guidelines for sizing for percutaneous aortic
      valve replacement helpful?
AB  - AIMS: To evaluate the effects of applying current sizing guidelines to different
      multislice computer tomography (MSCT) aortic annulus measurements on Corevalve
      (CRS) size selection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Multislice computer tomography annulus
      diameters [minimum: D(min); maximum: D(max); mean: D(mean) = (D(min) + D(max))/2;
      mean from circumference: D(circ); mean from surface area: D(CSA)] were measured
      in 75 patients referred for percutaneous valve replacement. Fifty patients
      subsequently received a CRS (26 mm: n = 22; 29 mm: n = 28). D(min) and D(max)
      differed substantially [mean difference (95% CI) = 6.5 mm (5.7-7.2), P < 0.001].
      If D(min) were used for sizing 26% of 75 patients would be ineligible (annulus
      too small in 23%, too large in 3%), 48% would receive a 26 mm and 12% a 29 mm
      CRS. If D(max) were used, 39% would be ineligible (all annuli too large), 4%
      would receive a 26 mm, and 52% a 29 mm CRS. Using D(mean), D(circ), or D(CSA)
      most patients would receive a 29 mm CRS and 11, 16, and 9% would be ineligible.
      In 50 patients who received a CRS operator choice corresponded best with sizing
      based on D(CSA) and D(mean) (76%, 74%), but undersizing occurred in 20 and 22% of
      which half were ineligible (annulus too large). CONCLUSION: Eligibility varied
      substantially depending on the sizing criterion. In clinical practice both under-
      and oversizing were common. Industry guidelines should recognize the oval shape
      of the aortic annulus.

PMID- 19995875
TI  - Moxa in nineteenth-century medical practice.
AB  - While we may think of moxa as a therapeutic technique that has been introduced to
      the United States in the last few decades of the twentieth century, this oriental
      healing procedure that applies the heat of burning herbs to acupuncture points
      was first employed in the United States by American physicians nearly two hundred
      years ago. Conceptualized as a counter-irritation method, moxa was used to treat
      a range of conditions, including inflammation, organ dysfunction, pain, and
      paralysis. Moxa's presence in nineteenth-century medicine was neither widespread
      nor of long duration, however, and notes of its use appear in medical records and
      doctors' daybooks only from the 1820s to the 1840s. Ultimately, moxa would be
      replaced by new procedures such as galvanism and the electro-magnetic machine.
      The tale of how doctors acquired and used moxa in the early nineteenth century is
      interesting in its own right. But the story of why this treatment was abandoned
      ties moxa to the larger saga of medicine's paradigm shift to bio-medical science
      and technology.

PMID- 19995880
TI  - Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in inflammation-induced preterm delivery.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of Toll-like
      receptor 4 (TLR4) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preterm delivery.
      Intraperitoneal injection of LPS in the presence or absence of previous TLR4
      blockade was performed to establish a murine model of preterm delivery. The
      incidences of preterm delivery and fetal death were calculated. Flow cytometry
      was performed to examine the percentages of blood CD45(+)CD86(+), CD3(+)CD69(+),
      CD19(+)CD69(+) and CD49b(+)CD69(+) cell subsets, and the percentages of placenta
      CD45(+)CD86(+), CD45(+)CD49b(+) and CD49b(+)CD69(+) cell subpopulations. In our
      study, an inflammation-induced preterm delivery model was established by
      intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Blocking TLR4 significantly decreased LPS
      induced preterm delivery and fetal death. LPS treatment markedly up-regulated the
      percentages of blood CD45(+)CD86(+), CD3(+)CD69(+) and CD49b(+)CD69(+) cells, and
      of placenta CD45(+)CD86(+), CD45(+)CD49b(+) and CD49b(+)CD69(+) cells. TLR4
      blockade almost completely abrogated LPS-induced elevated cell proportions. These
      data demonstrate that TLR4 plays a critical role in inflammation-induced preterm
      delivery.

PMID- 19995881
TI  - Updated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter
      ablation for human atrial fibrillation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to provide an updated worldwide report
      on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
      (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: A questionnaire with 46 questions was sent to 521
      centers from 24 countries in 4 continents. Complete interviews were collected
      from 182 centers, of which 85 reported to have performed 20,825 catheter ablation
      procedures on 16,309 patients with AF between 2003 and 2006. The median number of
      procedures per center was 245 (range, 2 to 2715). All centers included paroxysmal
      AF, 85.9% also included persistent and 47.1% also included long-lasting AF. Carto
      guided left atrial circumferential ablation (48.2% of patients) and Lasso-guided
      ostial electric disconnection (27.4%) were the most commonly used techniques.
      Efficacy data were analyzed with centers representing the unit of analysis. Of
      16,309 patients with full disclosure of outcome data, 10 488 (median, 70.0%;
      interquartile range, 57.7% to 75.4%) became asymptomatic without antiarrhythmic
      drugs and another 2047 (10.0%; 0.5% to 17.1%) became asymptomatic in the presence
      of previously ineffective antiarrhythmic drugs over 18 (range, 3 to 24) months of
      follow-up. Success rates free of antiarrhythmic drugs and overall success rates
      were significantly larger in 9590 patients with paroxysmal AF (74.9% and 83.2%)
      than in 2800 patients with persistent AF (64.8% and 75.0%) and 1108 patients with
      long-lasting AF (63.1% and 72.3%) (P<0.0001). Major complications were reported
      in 741 patients (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: When analyzed in a large number of
      electrophysiology laboratories worldwide, catheter ablation of AF shows to be
      effective in approximately 80% of patients after 1.3 procedures per patient, with
      approximately 70% of them not requiring further antiarrhythmic drugs during
      intermediate follow-up.

PMID- 19995882
TI  - Caffeine consumption and cognitive function at age 70: the Lothian Birth Cohort
      1936 study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between caffeine consumption and
      cognitive outcomes in later life. METHODS: Participants were 923 healthy adults
      from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study, on whom there were intelligence
      quotient (IQ) data from age 11 years. Cognitive function at age 70 years was
      assessed, using tests measuring general cognitive ability, speed of information
      processing, and memory. Current caffeine consumption (using multiple measures of
      tea, coffee, and total dietary caffeine) was obtained by self-report
      questionnaire, and demographic and health information was collected in a
      standardized interview. RESULTS: In age- and sex-adjusted models, there were
      significant positive associations between total caffeine intake and general
      cognitive ability and memory. After adjustment for age 11 IQ and social class,
      both individually and together, most of these associations became nonsignificant.
      A robust positive association, however, was found between drinking ground coffee
      (e.g., filter and espresso) and performance on the National Adult Reading Test
      (NART, p = .007), and the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR, p = .02). No
      gender effects were observed, contrary to previous studies. Generally, higher
      cognitive scores were associated with coffee consumption, and lower cognitive
      scores with tea consumption, but these effects were not significant in the fully
      adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is rare in having childhood IQ in
      a large sample of older people. The results suggest that the significant caffeine
      intake-cognitive ability associations are bidirectional-because childhood IQ and
      estimated prior IQ are associated with the type of caffeine intake in old age-and
      partly confounded by social class.

PMID- 19995883
TI  - Impact of early parental child-rearing behavior on young adults' cardiometabolic
      risk profile: a prospective study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively whether early parental child-rearing behavior
      is a predictor of cardiometabolic outcome in young adulthood when other potential
      risk factors are controlled. Metabolic factors associated with increased risk for
      cardiovascular disease have been found to vary, depending on lifestyle as well as
      genetic predisposition. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that environmental
      conditions, such as stress in pre- and postnatal life, may have a sustained
      impact on an individual's metabolic risk profile. METHODS: Participants were
      drawn from a prospective, epidemiological, cohort study followed up from birth
      into young adulthood. Parent interviews and behavioral observations at the age of
      3 months were conducted to assess child-rearing practices and mother-infant
      interaction in the home setting and in the laboratory. In 279 participants,
      anthropometric characteristics, low-density lipoprotein and high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides were recorded at age
      19 years. In addition, structured interviews were administered to the young
      adults to assess indicators of current lifestyle and education. RESULTS: Adverse
      early-life interaction experiences were significantly associated with lower
      levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 in young
      adulthood. Current lifestyle variables and level of education did not account for
      this effect, although habitual smoking and alcohol consumption also contributed
      significantly to cardiometabolic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest
      that early parental child-rearing behavior may predict health outcome in later
      life through its impact on metabolic parameters in adulthood.

PMID- 19995884
TI  - Protecting sleep, promoting health in later life: a randomized clinical trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine in healthy people aged > or = 75 years 1) if restricting
      time in bed and education in health sleep practices are superior to an attention
      only control condition (i.e., education in healthy dietary practices) for
      maintaining or enhancing sleep continuity and depth over 2.5 years; and 2) if
      maintenance or enhancement of sleep continuity and depth promotes the maintenance
      or enhancement of health-related quality of life. METHODS: Single-blind,
      randomized, clinical trial in a university-based sleep center, enrolling 64
      adults (n = 30 women, 34 men; mean age = 79 years) without sleep/wake complaints
      (e.g., insomnia or daytime sleepiness), followed by randomized assignment to
      either: 1) restriction of time in bed by delaying bedtime 30 minutes nightly for
      18 months, together with education in healthy sleep practices (SLEEP); or 2)
      attention-only control condition with education in health dietary practices
      (NUTRITION). RESULTS: SLEEP did not enhance sleep continuity or depth; however,
      compared with NUTRITION, SLEEP was associated with decreased time spent asleep
      (about 30 minutes nightly over 18 months). Contrary to hypothesis, participants
      in SLEEP reported a decrement in physical health-related quality of life and an
      increase in medical burden (cardiovascular illness), relative to NUTRITION.
      Neither markers of inflammation, body mass index, or exercise explained treatment
      related changes in medical burden. CONCLUSIONS: Although we cannot exclude a
      positive effect of education in healthy nutrition, for healthy elderly >75 years
      of age without sleep complaints, reducing sleep time may be detrimental, whereas
      allowing more time to sleep (about 7.5 hours nightly) is associated with better
      maintenance of physical health-related quality of life and stability of medical
      illness burden over 30 months.

PMID- 19995885
TI  - Measures of social position and cortisol secretion in an aging population:
      findings from the Whitehall II study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine whether dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
      (HPA) axis associated with disadvantaged social position in working populations
      also occurs in older age groups. METHODS: This study examines the association of
      several indicators of social position with two measures of cortisol secretion, a
      product of the HPA axis. We examined the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and
      slope of the decline in cortisol secretion across the day. We examine whether the
      association is mediated by behavioral, psychosocial, and biological factors in
      3992 participants of phase 7 (2002-2004) of the Whitehall II study, who provided
      six salivary cortisol samples across the day. RESULTS: In this older cohort (mean
      age = 61 years; range = 50-74 years), lowest social position (assessed by current
      or previous occupational grade and wealth) was associated with a flatter slope in
      the decline in cortisol secretion. For example, over the course of the day, men
      in the lowest employment grades had a reduction in their cortisol by 0.125
      (nmol/L/h), which was a shallower slope than those in the high grades (-0.129
      nmol/L/h). The difference in slopes by employment grade among men, but not women,
      was statistically significant (p = .003). The difference in slopes was explained
      primarily by poor health and sleep behaviors, although financial insecurity also
      played a role. No effects were apparent with the CAR or other measures of social
      position. CONCLUSIONS: In men, poorer health and sleep behaviors (primarily
      smoking and short sleep duration), and financial insecurity mediate the impact of
      occupational status and wealth on cortisol secretion.

PMID- 19995886
TI  - Emotional theory of mind and emotional awareness in recovered anorexia nervosa
      patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine whether an impaired ability to infer emotion in people
      with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and difficulty with emotional theory of mind
      (eToM) are limited to the ill state or if this condition is a stable deficit that
      persists with recovery in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). This is in keeping
      with observations of similarities between the disorders. METHODS: Twenty-four
      participants fully recovered from AN were compared against a sample of currently
      ill AN patients (n = 40) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 47) on forced-choice
      tasks assessing emotion recognition, basic or advanced eToM in other people,
      using sensory stimuli and on a written task measuring eToM ability for the self
      as well as for others. RESULTS: Recovered participants performed well on eToM
      tasks and were significantly better than currently ill patients at inferring
      emotions in the self and in others. However, participants recovered from AN had
      some slight impairment in emotion recognition relative to HCs, particularly when
      recognizing positive emotions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate almost
      complete normalization of emotion recognition ability as well as the restoration
      of eToM in recovered patients, despite the observation of difficulties in both
      domains in currently ill patients. Findings suggest that similarities between AN
      and ASD in poor eToM are restricted to the currently ill AN state and such
      difficulties in AN may be a factor of starvation.

PMID- 19995887
TI  - Role of cardiac disease severity in the predictive value of anxiety for all-cause
      mortality.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify moderators that influence the relationship of anxiety and
      long-term prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). It has been an
      ongoing source of controversy what the long-term effects of anxiety are on
      mortality in patients with CHD, suggesting heterogeneity in prognostic
      parameters. METHODS: The prognostic role of anxiety was examined in a large
      sample of patients (n = 4864), who completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression
      Scale (HADS) before routine exercise testing. At 5-year follow-up, survival data
      were obtained and mortality was assessed by means of Cox proportional hazard
      models. RESULTS: In the whole sample, higher anxiety scores were associated with
      reduced mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval
      (CI) = 0.67-0.88; p < .001). Similar findings were obtained in the subgroup of
      patients without clinical evidence of CHD (n = 2514; HR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.59
      0.93; p = .01). In patients with CHD but without a history of myocardial
      infarction (MI), anxiety remained a significant predictor of better survival (HR
      = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.51-0.97; p = .031). In post-MI patients, no beneficial effect
      of anxiety was observed. In the subgroup of post-MI patients with reduced
      ejection fraction, anxiety was associated with increased mortality (n = 536; HR =
      1.32; CI = 1.07-1.65; p = .011). CONCLUSION: Anxiety exhibits opposite effects on
      survival in patients with stable cardiac conditions versus post-MI patients with
      reduced systolic left ventricular (LV) function. We found that a noninvasive
      physical risk index and the degree of LV dysfunction seem to modulate the
      prognostic significance of anxiety. These data suggest that the combined
      screening for anxiety symptoms and LV dysfunction may improve risk stratification
      in patients with CHD.

PMID- 19995888
TI  - In silico prediction of biliary excretion of drugs in rats based on
      physicochemical properties.
AB  - Evaluating biliary excretion, a major elimination pathway for many compounds, is
      important in drug discovery. The bile duct-cannulated (BDC) rat model is commonly
      used to determine the percentage of dose excreted as intact parent into bile.
      However, a study using BDC rats is time-consuming and cost-ineffective. The
      present report describes a computational model that has been established to
      predict biliary excretion of intact parent in rats as a percentage of dose. The
      model was based on biliary excretion data of 50 Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
      compounds with diverse chemical structures. The compounds were given
      intravenously at <10 mg/kg to BDC rats, and bile was collected for at least 8 h
      after dosing. Recoveries of intact parents in bile were determined by liquid
      chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Biliary excretion was found to have
      a fairly good correlation with polar surface area (r = 0.76) and with free energy
      of aqueous solvation (DeltaG(solv aq)) (r = -0.67). In addition, biliary
      excretion was also highly corrected with the presence of a carboxylic acid moiety
      in the test compounds (r = 0.87). An equation to calculate biliary excretion in
      rats was then established based on physiochemical properties via a multiple
      linear regression. This model successfully predicted rat biliary excretion for 50
      BMS compounds (r = 0.94) and for 25 previously reported compounds (r = 0.86)
      whose structures are markedly different from those of the 50 BMS compounds.
      Additional calculations were conducted to verify the reliability of this
      computation model.

PMID- 19995889
TI  - New insights into the regulation of CYP2C9 gene expression: the role of the
      transcription factor GATA-4.
AB  - CYP2C9 is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme that metabolizes, e.g., warfarin,
      antidiabetics, and antiphlogistics. However, the endogenous regulation of this
      enzyme is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the role of GATA
      transcription factors in the gene expression of CYP2C9. We investigated four
      putative GATA binding sites within the first 200 base pairs of CYP2C9 promoter at
      the positions I: -173/-170, II: -167/-164, III: -118/-115, and IV: -106/-103.
      Luciferase activity driven by a wild-type CYP2C9 promoter construct was strongly
      up-regulated in Huh-7 cells upon cotransfection with expression plasmids for GATA
      2 and GATA-4, whereas mutations introduced into GATA binding site III or I and II
      reduced this induction to a significant extent. Electrophoretic mobility shift
      assays revealed specific binding of GATA-4 and GATA-6 to the oligonucleotides
      containing GATA binding sites I and II. Furthermore, the association of GATA-4
      with CYP2C9 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in
      HepG2 cells. Taken together, these data strongly suggest an involvement of liver
      specific transcription factor GATA-4 in the transcriptional regulation of CYP2C9.

PMID- 19995890
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of the alpha1-beta complex in the skeletal muscle
      dihydropyridine receptor by single-particle electron microscopy.
AB  - The dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) is a protein complex that consists of five
      distinct subunits of alpha(1), alpha(2), beta, gamma and delta and functions as a
      voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channel. Here we purified the alpha(1)-beta
      complex (approximately 250 kDa) from the rabbit skeletal muscle DHPR and
      reconstructed its three-dimensional (3D) structure to 38 A resolution by single
      particle analysis of negative staining electron microscopy. The alpha(1)-beta
      structure exhibited two unique regions: a pseudo-4-fold petaloid region and an
      elongated region. X-ray crystallographic models of a homologous voltage-dependent
      K(+) channel and the beta subunit fit well into the individual regions of the
      alpha(1)-beta structure, revealing that the two regions correspond to the
      transmembrane alpha(1) and the cytoplasmic beta subunits, respectively. In
      addition, 3D reconstruction and immuno-electron microscopic analysis performed on
      the independently purified DHPR demonstrated that the alpha(1)-beta complex was
      located in the large globular portion of the DHPR, and the N-terminal region of
      the beta subunit was extended to the leg-shaped protrusion of the DHPR, which
      includes the alpha(2)delta subunits. Our results propose a model in which the
      beta subunit may regulate ion channel function by acting as a hinge between
      alpha(1) and alpha(2)delta subunits of the DHPR.

PMID- 19995891
TI  - The Fontan circulation: who controls cardiac output?
AB  - In a Fontan circuit the mechanisms involved in control of cardiac output at rest
      and during exercise differ significantly from normal. The classical model
      presumes an unlimited preload which is not available in the Fontan circuit. This
      review critically analyses the role of contractility, heart rate, and afterload
      and highlights the importance of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in
      determining adequate preload and, therefore, cardiac output in these patients. A
      conceptual model of the determinants of cardiac output in Fontan patients is
      presented.

PMID- 19995892
TI  - Evaluation of flagella and flagellin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as vaccines.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious pathogen in hospitalized, immunocompromised,
      and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. P. aeruginosa is motile via a single polar
      flagellum made of polymerized flagellin proteins differentiated into two major
      serotypes: a and b. Antibodies to flagella delay onset of infection in CF
      patients, but whether immunity to polymeric flagella and that to monomeric
      flagellin are comparable has not been addressed, nor has the question of whether
      such antibodies might negatively impact Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) activation,
      an important component of innate immunity to P. aeruginosa. We compared
      immunization with flagella and that with flagellin for in vitro effects on
      motility, opsonic killing, and protective efficacy using a mouse pneumonia model.
      Antibodies to flagella were superior to antibodies to flagellin at inhibiting
      motility, promoting opsonic killing, and mediating protection against P.
      aeruginosa pneumonia in mice. Protection against the flagellar type strains PAK
      and PA01 was maximal, but it was only marginal against motile clinical isolates
      from flagellum-immunized CF patients who nonetheless became colonized with P.
      aeruginosa. Purified flagellin was a more potent activator of TLR5 than were
      flagella and also elicited higher TLR5-neutralizing antibodies than did
      immunization with flagella. Antibody to type a but not type b flagella or
      flagellin inhibited TLR5 activation by whole bacterial cells. Overall, intact
      flagella appear to be superior for generating immunity to P. aeruginosa, and
      flagellin monomers might induce antibodies capable of neutralizing innate
      immunity due to TLR5 activation, but solid immunity to P. aeruginosa based on
      flagellar antigens may require additional components beyond type a and type b
      proteins from prototype strains.

PMID- 19995893
TI  - Treponema denticola suppresses expression of human {beta}-defensin-3 in gingival
      epithelial cells through inhibition of the toll-like receptor 2 axis.
AB  - We reported previously that Treponema denticola, one of the periodontal
      pathogens, suppresses the expression of human beta-defensins (HBDs) in human
      gingival epithelial cells. To identify the mechanisms involved in this
      suppression, immortalized and normal human gingival epithelial cells were
      infected with live or heat-killed T. denticola for 24 h, and then the expression
      of HBDs was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Live T. denticola suppressed the
      expression of HBD-3 substantially and also suppressed the expression of HBD-1 and
      HBD-2. However, heat-killed bacteria did not produce a suppressive effect but
      instead slightly upregulated the levels of HBD-2 and HBD-3. In contrast to live
      T. denticola, which reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
      (MAPK) and NF-kappaB within an hour of infection, heat-killed bacteria did not
      show any inhibitory effect on the MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.
      Knockdown of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) via RNA interference abolished the
      suppressive effect of T. denticola on the expression of HBD-3. Heat-killed T.
      denticola but not live bacteria could activate TLR2 in CHO/CD14/TLR2 reporter
      cells, suggesting that T. denticola contains a heat-labile inhibitor(s) of TLR2
      in addition to ligands recognized by TLR2. Indeed, live T. denticola was able to
      inhibit TLR2 activation by Pam(3)CSK. In conclusion, T. denticola suppressed the
      expression of HBD-3 by inhibiting the TLR2 axis in gingival epithelial cells.
      These results may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of periodontitis
      caused by T. denticola.

PMID- 19995894
TI  - Cytolethal distending toxin from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces
      DNA damage, S/G2 cell cycle arrest, and caspase- independent death in a
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae model.
AB  - Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a bacterial toxin that induces G(2)/M cell
      cycle arrest, cell distension, and/or apoptosis in mammalian cells. It is
      produced by several Gram-negative species and may contribute to their
      pathogenicity. The catalytic subunit CdtB has homology with DNase I and may act
      as a genotoxin. However, the mechanism by which CdtB leads to cell death is not
      yet clearly understood. Here, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to
      study the molecular pathways involved in the function of CdtB from
      Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a cause of aggressive periodontitis. We
      show that A. actinomycetemcomitans CdtB (AaCdtB) expression induces S/G(2) arrest
      and death in a DNase-catalytic residue and nuclear localization-dependent manner
      in haploid yeasts. Yeast strains defective in homologous recombination (HR)
      repair, but not other DNA repair pathways, are hypersensitive to AaCdtB,
      suggesting that HR is required for survival upon CdtB expression. In addition,
      yeast does not harbor the substrate for the other activity proposed for CdtB
      function, which is phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate phosphatase. Thus,
      these results suggest that direct DNA-damaging activity alone is sufficient for
      CdtB toxicity. To investigate how CdtB induces cell death, we examined the effect
      of CdtB in yeast strains with mutations in apoptotic regulators. Our results
      suggest that yeast death occurs independently of the yeast metacaspase gene YCA1
      and the apoptosis-inducing factor AIF1 but is partially dependent on histone H2B
      serine 10 phosphorylation. Therefore, we report here the evidence that AaCdtB
      causes DNA damage that leads to nonapoptotic death in yeast and the first
      mutation that confers resistance to CdtB.

PMID- 19995895
TI  - Protection against lethal Neospora caninum infection in mice induced by
      heterologous vaccination with a mic1 mic3 knockout Toxoplasma gondii strain.
AB  - Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are closely related, obligate
      intracellular parasites infecting a wide range of vertebrate hosts and causing
      abortion and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Several lines of evidence suggest
      that cross immunity between these two pathogens could be exploited in the design
      of strategies for heterologous vaccination. We assessed the ability of an
      attenuated strain of T. gondii ("mic1-3KO strain") conferring strong protection
      against chronic and congenital toxoplasmosis to protect mice against lethal N.
      caninum infection. Mice immunized with mic1-3KO tachyzoites by the oral and
      intraperitoneal routes developed a strong cellular Th1 response and displayed
      significant protection against lethal heterologous N. caninum infection, with
      survival rates of 70% and 80%, respectively, whereas only 30% of the nonimmunized
      mice survived. We report here the acquisition of heterologous protective immunity
      against N. caninum following immunization with a live attenuated mic1-3KO strain
      of T. gondii.

PMID- 19995896
TI  - Morphine disrupts interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17-mediated pulmonary mucosal host
      defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
AB  - Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen that causes serious respiratory disease
      and meningitis in the immunocompromised drug abuse population. However, the
      precise mechanisms by which drug abuse compromises the host immune defense to
      pulmonary S. pneumoniae infection is not fully understood. Using a well
      established murine model of opiate abuse and S. pneumoniae lung infection, we
      explored the influence of morphine treatment on the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17
      axis and related innate immunity. Impairment of early IL-23/IL-17 production
      caused by morphine treatment was associated with delayed neutrophil migration and
      decreased pneumococcal clearance. Furthermore, morphine treatment impaired MyD88
      dependent IL-23 production in alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells in
      response to in vitro S. pneumoniae cell infection. Moreover, morphine treatment
      significantly inhibited the S. pneumoniae-induced phosphorylation of interferon
      response factor 3 (IRF3), ATF2, and NF-kappaBp65. T-cell receptor delta
      (TCRdelta)-deficient mice showed a decrease in IL-17 production and a severely
      weakened capacity to clear lung S. pneumoniae infection. Finally, morphine
      treatment resulted in diminished secretion of antimicrobial proteins S100A9 and
      S100A8/A9 during early stages of S. pneumoniae infection. In conclusion, morphine
      treatment causes a dysfunction in IL-23-producing dendritic cells and macrophages
      and IL-17-producing gammadeltaT lymphocytes in response to S. pneumoniae lung
      infection. This leads to diminished release of antimicrobial S100A8/A9 proteins,
      compromised neutrophil recruitment, and more-severe infection.

PMID- 19995897
TI  - Mycoplasma genitalium rapidly disseminates to the upper reproductive tracts and
      knees of female mice following vaginal inoculation.
AB  - Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted infection and in women
      is associated with notable reproductive tract syndromes such as cervicitis,
      pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. Investigations into the causal
      relationships of M. genitalium infections and clinical disease have been hindered
      largely by the lack of a well-established small-animal model of genital tract
      infection. To establish a murine model, female Swiss Webster mice were
      conditioned with either progesterone or estradiol and then inoculated
      intravaginally with M. genitalium type strain G37 or a contemporary Danish
      strain, M2300. Persistent lower tract infection was observed at up to 77 days
      postinoculation (d.p.i.). Upper reproductive tract colonization was observed as
      early as 3 d.p.i., with long-term infection observed in estradiol-treated (65%)
      and progesterone-treated (18%) animals. In the upper tract, more than 90% of M.
      genitalium PCR-positive samples were from the uterus and oviducts. Ultimately,
      gross hydrosalpinx was observed 21 days to 10 weeks p.i. in approximately 60% of
      infected animals, suggesting the presence of tubal occlusion. In addition,
      dissemination of M. genitalium to the knee tissues was observed as early as 7
      d.p.i., with persistent infection detected at up to 28 d.p.i. Mice infected with
      M. genitalium also developed specific antibodies to the major antigenic outer
      membrane protein MgPa, elongation factor Tu, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha, and
      DnaK (Hsp70), indicating persistent infection despite robust humoral responses to
      infection. These findings provide strong experimental evidence that M. genitalium
      can establish long-term infection of reproductive tract and joint tissues, with
      preliminary evidence of pathological reproductive tract outcomes.

PMID- 19995898
TI  - Genetic control of the innate immune response to Borrelia hermsii influences the
      course of relapsing fever in inbred strains of mice.
AB  - Host susceptibility to infection is controlled in large measure by the genetic
      makeup of the host. Spirochetes of the genus Borrelia include nearly 40 species
      of vector-borne spirochetes that are capable of infecting a wide range of
      mammalian hosts, causing Lyme disease and relapsing fever. Relapsing fever is
      associated with high-level bacteremia, as well as hematologic manifestations,
      such as thrombocytopenia (i.e., low platelet numbers) and anemia. To facilitate
      studies of genetic control of susceptibility to Borrelia hermsii infection, we
      performed a systematic analysis of the course of infection using immunocompetent
      and immunocompromised inbred strains of mice. Our analysis revealed that
      sensitivity to B. hermsii infections is genetically controlled. In addition,
      whereas the role of adaptive immunity to relapsing fever-causing spirochetes is
      well documented, we found that innate immunity contributes significantly to the
      reduction of bacterial burden. Similar to human infection, the progression of the
      disease in mice was associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia. Histological and
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of infected tissues indicated
      that red blood cells (RBCs) were removed by tissue-resident macrophages, a
      process that could lead to anemia. Spirochetes in the spleen and liver were often
      visualized associated with RBCs, lending support to the hypothesis that direct
      interaction of B. hermsii spirochetes with RBCs leads to clearance of bacteria
      from the bloodstream by tissue phagocytes.

PMID- 19995899
TI  - STAT3 signaling in CD4+ T cells is critical for the pathogenesis of chronic
      sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease in a murine model.
AB  - Donor CD4+ T cells are thought to be essential for inducing delayed host tissue
      injury in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, the relative
      contributions of distinct effector CD4+ T cell subpopulations and the molecular
      pathways influencing their generation are not known. We investigated the role of
      the STAT3 pathway in a murine model of chronic sclerodermatous GVHD. This pathway
      integrates multiple signaling events during the differentiation of naive CD4+ T
      cells and impacts their homeostasis. We report that chimeras receiving an
      allograft containing STAT3-ablated donor CD4+ T cells do not develop classic
      clinical and pathological manifestations of alloimmune tissue injury. Analysis of
      chimeras showed that abrogation of STAT3 signaling reduced the in vivo expansion
      of donor-derived CD4+ T cells and their accumulation in GVHD target tissues
      without abolishing antihost alloreactivity. STAT3 ablation did not significantly
      affect Th1 differentiation while enhancing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell reconstitution
      through thymus-dependent and -independent pathways. Transient depletion of CD25+
      T cells in chimeras receiving STAT3-deficient T cells resulted in delayed
      development of alloimmune gut and liver injury. This delayed de novo GVHD was
      associated with the emergence of donor hematopoietic stem cell-derived Th1 and
      Th17 cells. These results suggest that STAT3 signaling in graft CD4+ T cells
      links the alloimmune tissue injury of donor graft T cells and the emergence of
      donor hematopoietic stem cell-derived pathogenic effector cells and that both
      populations contribute, albeit in different ways, to the genesis of chronic GVHD
      after allogenic bone marrow transplantation in a murine model.

PMID- 19995900
TI  - Predominant expression of CCL2 at the tumor site of prostate cancer patients
      directs a selective loss of immunological tolerance to CCL2 that could be
      amplified in a beneficial manner.
AB  - We have previously shown that, during inflammatory autoimmune diseases in humans,
      the immune system develops a neutralizing auto-Ab-based response to a very
      limited number of inflammatory mediators, and that amplification of each response
      could be beneficial for the host. Our working hypothesis has been that this
      selective breakdown of immunological tolerance is due to a predominant expression
      of an inflammatory mediator at an immune-restricted site undergoing a destructive
      process. All three conditions also take place in cancer diseases. In this study,
      we delineate this hypothesis for the first time in a human cancer disease and
      then explore its clinical implications. We show that in primary tumor sections of
      prostate cancer subjects, CCL2 is predominantly expressed at the tumor site over
      other chemokines that have been associated with tumor development, including:
      CXCL12, CXCL10, CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL5. Subsequently, the immune response
      selectivity mounts an Ab-based response to CCL2. These Abs are neutralizing Abs.
      These findings hold diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The current
      diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on prostate-specific Ag measurements that
      do not distinguish benign hypertrophy from malignancy. We show in this study that
      development of anti-CCL2 Abs is selective to the malignant stage. From a
      clinically oriented perspective, we show, in an experimental model of the
      disease, that DNA-based amplification of this response suppresses disease, which
      has implications for a novel way of therapy in humans.

PMID- 19995901
TI  - Targeting antigen to diverse APCs inactivates memory CD8+ T cells without
      eliciting tissue-destructive effector function.
AB  - Memory T cells develop early during the preclinical stages of autoimmune diseases
      and have traditionally been considered resistant to tolerance induction. As such,
      they may represent a potent barrier to the successful immunotherapy of
      established autoimmune diseases. It was recently shown that memory CD8+ T cell
      responses are terminated when Ag is genetically targeted to steady-state
      dendritic cells. However, under these conditions, inactivation of memory CD8+ T
      cells is slow, allowing transiently expanded memory CD8+ T cells to exert tissue
      destructive effector function. In this study, we compared different Ag-targeting
      strategies and show, using an MHC class II promoter to drive Ag expression in a
      diverse range of APCs, that CD8+ memory T cells can be rapidly inactivated by MHC
      class II+ hematopoietic APCs through a mechanism that involves a rapid and
      sustained downregulation of TCR, in which the effector response of CD8+ memory
      cells is rapidly truncated and Ag-expressing target tissue destruction is
      prevented. Our data provide the first demonstration that genetically targeting Ag
      to a broad range of MHC class II+ APC types is a highly efficient way to
      terminate memory CD8+ T cell responses to prevent tissue-destructive effector
      function and potentially established autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 19995902
TI  - Antigen aggregation decides the fate of the allergic immune response.
AB  - Previously, defined naturally occurring isoforms of allergenic proteins were
      classified as hypoallergens and therefore suggested as an agent for immunotherapy
      in the future. In this paper, we report for the first time the molecular
      background of hypoallergenicity by comparing the immunological behavior of
      hyperallergenic Betula verrucosa major Ag 1a (Bet v 1a) and hypoallergenic Bet v
      1d, two isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen Betula verrucosa 1. Despite
      their cross-reactivity, Bet v 1a and Bet v 1d differ in their capacity to induce
      protective Ab responses in BALB/c mice. Both isoforms induced similar specific
      IgE levels, but only Bet v 1d expressed relevant titers of serum IgGs and IgAs.
      Interestingly, hypoallergenic Bet v 1d activated dendritic cells more
      efficiently, followed by the production of increased amounts of Th1- as well as
      Th2-type cytokines. Surprisingly, compared with Bet v 1a, Bet v 1d-immunized mice
      showed a decreased proliferation of regulatory T cells. Crystallographic studies
      and dynamic light scattering revealed that Bet v 1d demonstrated a high tendency
      to form disulfide-linked aggregates due to a serine to cysteine exchange at
      residue 113. We conclude that aggregation of Bet v 1d triggers the establishment
      of a protective Ab titer and supports a rationale for Bet v 1d being a promising
      candidate for specific immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.

PMID- 19995903
TI  - Peptide-specific, TCR-alpha-driven, coreceptor-independent negative selection in
      TCR alpha-chain transgenic mice.
AB  - As thymocytes differentiate, Ag sensitivity declines, with immature CD4-CD8-
      double-negative (DN) cells being most susceptible to TCR signaling events. We
      show that expression of alphabetaTCR from the DN3 stage lowers the threshold for
      activation, allowing recognition of MHC peptides independently of the TCR beta
      chain and without either T cell coreceptor. The MHC class I-restricted C6 TCR
      recognizes the Y-chromosome-derived Ag HYK(k)Smcy. Positive selection in C6
      alphabetaTCR females is skewed to the CD8 compartment, whereas transgenic male
      mice exhibit early clonal deletion of thymocytes. We investigated the effect of
      the HYK(k)Smcy complex on developing thymocytes expressing the C6 TCR alpha-chain
      on a TCR-alpha(-/-) background. On the original selecting haplotype, the skew to
      the CD8 lineage is preserved. This is MHC dependent, as the normal bias to the
      CD4 subset is seen on an H2b background. In male H2k C6 alpha-only mice, the
      presence of the HYK(k)Smcy complex leads to a substantial deletion of thymocytes
      from the DN subset. This phenotype is replicated in H2k C6 alpha-only female mice
      expressing an Smcy transgene. Deletion is not dependent on the beta variable
      segment of the C6 TCR or on a restricted TCR-beta repertoire. In contrast,
      binding of HYK(k)Smcy and Ag-specific activation of mature CD8+ T cells is
      strictly dependent on the original C6 beta-chain. These data demonstrate that, in
      comparison with mature T cells, alphabetaTCR+ immature thymocytes can recognize
      and transduce signals in response to specific MHC-peptide complexes with relaxed
      binding requirements.

PMID- 19995904
TI  - DNA polymerase POLN participates in cross-link repair and homologous
      recombination.
AB  - All cells rely on DNA polymerases to duplicate their genetic material and to
      repair or bypass DNA lesions. In humans, 16 polymerases have been identified, and
      each bears specific functions in genome maintenance. We identified here the
      recently discovered polymerase POLN to be involved in repair of DNA cross-links.
      Such DNA lesions are highly toxic and are believed to be repaired by the
      sequential activity of nucleotide excision repair, translesion synthesis, and
      homologous recombination mechanisms. By functionally assaying its role in these
      processes, we unraveled an unexpected involvement of POLN in homologous
      recombination. Moreover, we obtained evidence for physical and functional
      interaction of POLN with factors belonging to the Fanconi anemia pathway, a
      master regulator of cross-link repair. Finally, we show that POLN interacts and
      cooperates in DNA repair with the helicase HEL308, which shares a common origin
      with POLN in the Drosophila mus308 gene. Our data indicate that this novel
      polymerase-helicase complex participates in homologous recombination repair and
      is essential for cellular protection against DNA cross-links.

PMID- 19995905
TI  - Telomere protection by TPP1 is mediated by POT1a and POT1b.
AB  - Mammalian telomeres are protected by the shelterin complex, which contains single
      stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins (POT1a and POT1b in rodents, POT1 in
      other mammals). Mouse POT1a prevents the activation of the ATR kinase and
      contributes to the repression of the nonhomologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) at
      newly replicated telomeres. POT1b represses unscheduled resection of the 5'-ended
      telomeric DNA strand, resulting in long 3' overhangs in POT1b KO cells. Both POT1
      proteins bind TPP1, forming heterodimers that bind to other proteins in
      shelterin. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion had previously
      demonstrated that TPP1 contributes to the normal function of POT1a and POT1b.
      However, these experiments did not establish whether TPP1 has additional
      functions in shelterin. Here we report on the phenotypes of the conditional
      deletion of TPP1 from mouse embryo fibroblasts. TPP1 deletion resulted in the
      release of POT1a and POT1b from chromatin and loss of these proteins from
      telomeres, indicating that TPP1 is required for the telomere association of POT1a
      and POT1b but not for their stability. The telomere dysfunction phenotypes
      associated with deletion of TPP1 were identical to those of POT1a/POT1b DKO
      cells. No additional telomere dysfunction phenotypes were observed, establishing
      that the main role of TPP1 is to allow POT1a and POT1b to protect chromosome
      ends.

PMID- 19995906
TI  - Modulation of chromatin boundary activities by nucleosome-remodeling activities
      in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Chromatin boundaries facilitate independent gene regulation by insulating genes
      from the effects of enhancers or organized chromatin. However, the mechanisms of
      boundary action are not well understood. To investigate whether boundary function
      depends on a higher order of chromatin organization, we examined the function of
      several Drosophila melanogaster insulators in cells with reduced chromatin
      remodeling activities. We found that knockdown of NURF301 and ISWI, key
      components of the nucleosome-remodeling factor (NURF), synergistically disrupted
      the enhancer-blocking function of Fab7 and SF1 and augmented the function of
      Fab8. Mutations in Nurf301/Ebx and Iswi also affected the function of these
      boundaries in vivo. We further show that ISWI was localized on the endogenous
      Fab7 and Fab8 insulators and that NURF knockdown resulted in a marked increase in
      the nucleosome occupancy at these insulator sites. In contrast to the effect of
      NURF knockdown, reduction in dMi-2, the ATPase component of the Drosophila
      nucleosome-remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex, augmented Fab7 and
      suppressed Fab8. Our results provide the first evidence that higher-order
      chromatin organization influences the enhancer-blocking activity of chromatin
      boundaries. In particular, the NURF and NuRD nucleosome-remodeling complexes may
      regulate Hox expression by modulating the function of boundaries in these
      complexes. The unique responses by different classes of boundaries to changes in
      the chromatin environment may be indicative of their distinct mechanisms of
      action, which may influence their placement in the genome and selection during
      evolution.

PMID- 19995907
TI  - Structure-specific recognition protein 1 facilitates microtubule growth and
      bundling required for mitosis.
AB  - Tight regulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics is essential for proper chromosome
      movement during mitosis. Here we show, using mammalian cells, that structure
      specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) is a novel regulator of MT dynamics. SSRP1
      colocalizes with the spindle and midbody MTs, and associates with MTs both in
      vitro and in vivo. Purified SSRP1 facilitates tubulin polymerization and MT
      bundling in vitro. Knockdown of SSRP1 inhibits the growth of MTs and leads to
      disorganized spindle structures, reduction of K-fibers and midbody fibers,
      disrupted chromosome movement, and attenuated cytokinesis in vivo. These results
      demonstrate that SSRP1 is crucial for MT growth and spindle assembly during
      mitosis.

PMID- 19995908
TI  - Ephrin B1 regulates bone marrow stromal cell differentiation and bone formation
      by influencing TAZ transactivation via complex formation with NHERF1.
AB  - Mutations of ephrin B1 in humans result in craniofrontonasal syndrome. Because
      little is known of the role and mechanism of action of ephrin B1 in bone, we
      examined the function of osteoblast-produced ephrin B1 in vivo and identified the
      molecular mechanism by which ephrin B1 reverse signaling regulates bone
      formation. Targeted deletion of the ephrin B1 gene in type 1alpha2 collagen
      producing cells resulted in severe calvarial defects, decreased bone size, bone
      mineral density, and trabecular bone volume, caused by impairment in osterix
      expression and osteoblast differentiation. Coimmunoprecipitation of the TAZ
      complex with TAZ-specific antibody revealed a protein complex containing ephrin
      B1, PTPN13, NHERF1, and TAZ in bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells. Activation of
      ephrin B1 reverse signaling with soluble EphB2-Fc led to a time-dependent
      increase in TAZ dephosphorylation and shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus.
      Treatment of BMS cells with exogenous EphB2-Fc resulted in a 4-fold increase in
      osterix expression as determined by Western blotting. Disruption of TAZ
      expression using specific lentivirus small hairpin RNA (shRNA) decreased TAZ mRNA
      by 80% and ephrin B1 reverse signaling-mediated increases in osterix mRNA by 75%.
      Knockdown of NHERF1 expression reduced basal levels of osterix expression by 90%
      and abolished ephrin B1-mediated induction of osterix expression. We conclude
      that locally produced ephrin B1 mediates its effects on osteoblast
      differentiation by a novel molecular mechanism in which activation of reverse
      signaling leads to dephosphorylation of TAZ and subsequent release of TAZ from
      the ephrin B1/NHERF1/TAZ complex to translocate to the nucleus to induce
      expression of the osterix gene and perhaps other osteoblast differentiation
      genes. Our findings provide strong evidence that ephrin B1 reverse signaling in
      osteoblasts is critical for BMS cell differentiation and bone formation.

PMID- 19995909
TI  - Pin1 facilitates the phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of SF-1 to regulate
      gonadotropin beta-subunit gene transcription.
AB  - Pin1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase which catalyzes the isomerization
      of phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds. Pin1 knockout mice have marked
      abnormalities in their reproductive development and function. However, the
      molecular mechanisms underlying their reproductive defects are poorly understood.
      Herein, we demonstrate that Pin1 is required for both basal and GnRH-induced
      gonadotropin beta-subunit gene transcription, through interactions with the
      transcription factors SF-1, Pitx1, and Egr-1. Pin1 activates transcription of the
      gonadotropin beta-subunit genes synergistically with these transcription factors,
      either by modulating their stability or by increasing their protein-protein
      interactions. Notably, we provide evidence that Pin1 is required for the Ser203
      phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of SF-1, which facilitates SF-1-Pitx1
      interactions and therefore results in an enhancement of SF-1 transcriptional
      activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in gonadotrope cells, sufficient
      levels of activated Pin1 are maintained through transcriptional and
      posttranslational regulation by GnRH-induced signaling cascades. Our results
      suggest that Pin1 functions as a novel player in GnRH-induced signal pathways and
      is involved in gonadotropin beta-subunit gene transcription by modulating the
      activity of various specific transcription factors.

PMID- 19995910
TI  - Nuclear function of Smad7 promotes myogenesis.
AB  - In the "canonical" view of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling,
      Smad7 plays an inhibitory role. While Smad7 represses Smad3 activation by TGF
      beta, it does not reverse the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on myogenesis,
      suggesting a different function in myogenic cells. We previously reported a
      promyogenic role of Smad7 mediated by an interaction with MyoD. Based on this
      association, we hypothesized a possible nuclear function of Smad7 independent of
      its role at the level of the receptor. We therefore engineered a chimera of Smad7
      with a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which serves to prevent and therefore
      bypass binding to the TGF-beta receptor while concomitantly constitutively
      localizing Smad7 to the nucleus. This Smad7-NLS did not repress Smad3 activation
      by TGF-beta but did retain its ability to enhance myogenic gene activation and
      phenotypic myogenesis, indicating that the nuclear, receptor-independent function
      of Smad7 is sufficient to promote myogenesis. Furthermore, Smad7 physically
      interacts with MyoD and antagonizes the repressive effects of active MEK on MyoD.
      Reporter and myogenic conversion assays indicate a pivotal regulation of MyoD
      transcriptional properties by the balance between Smad7 and active MEK. Thus,
      Smad7 has a nuclear coactivator function that is independent of TGF-beta
      signaling and necessary to promote myogenic differentiation.

PMID- 19995911
TI  - Tor directly controls the Atg1 kinase complex to regulate autophagy.
AB  - Autophagy is a bulk proteolytic process that is indispensable for cell survival
      during starvation. Autophagy is induced by nutrient deprivation via inactivation
      of the rapamycin-sensitive Tor complex1 (TORC1), a protein kinase complex
      regulating cell growth in response to nutrient conditions. However, the mechanism
      by which TORC1 controls autophagy and the direct target of TORC1 activity remain
      unclear. Atg13 is an essential regulatory component of autophagy upstream of the
      Atg1 kinase complex, and here we show that yeast TORC1 directly phosphorylates
      Atg13 at multiple Ser residues. Additionally, expression of an unphosphorylatable
      Atg13 mutant bypasses the TORC1 pathway to induce autophagy through activation of
      Atg1 in cells growing under nutrient-rich conditions. Our findings suggest that
      the direct control of the Atg1 complex by TORC1 induces autophagy.

PMID- 19995912
TI  - Selective signaling by Akt2 promotes bone morphogenetic protein 2-mediated
      osteoblast differentiation.
AB  - Mesenchymal stem cells are essential for repair of bone and other supporting
      tissues. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote commitment of these
      progenitors toward an osteoblast fate via functional interactions with osteogenic
      transcription factors, including Dlx3, Dlx5, and Runx2, and also can direct their
      differentiation into bone-forming cells. BMP-2-stimulated osteoblast
      differentiation additionally requires continual signaling from insulin-like
      growth factor (IGF)-activated pathways. Here we identify Akt2 as a critical
      mediator of IGF-regulated osteogenesis. Targeted knockdown of Akt2 in mouse
      primary bone marrow stromal cells or in a mesenchymal stem cell line, or genetic
      knockout of Akt2, did not interfere with BMP-2-mediated signaling but resulted in
      inhibition of osteoblast differentiation at an early step that preceded
      production of Runx2. In contrast, Akt1-deficient cells differentiated normally.
      Complete biochemical and morphological osteoblast differentiation was restored in
      cells lacking Akt2 by adenoviral delivery of Runx2 or by a recombinant lentivirus
      encoding wild-type Akt2. In contrast, lentiviral Akt1 was ineffective. Taken
      together, these observations define a specific role for Akt2 as a gatekeeper of
      osteogenic differentiation through regulation of Runx2 gene expression and
      indicate that the closely related Akt1 and Akt2 exert distinct effects on the
      differentiation of mesenchymal precursors.

PMID- 19995913
TI  - Structural insights into Nox4 and Nox2: motifs involved in function and cellular
      localization.
AB  - Regulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is primarily accomplished
      by NADPH oxidases (Nox). Nox1 to Nox4 form a membrane-associated heterodimer with
      p22(phox), creating the docking site for assembly of the activated oxidase.
      Signaling specificity is achieved by interaction with a complex network of
      cytosolic components. Nox4, an oxidase linked to cardiovascular disease,
      carcinogenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis, deviates from this model by displaying
      constitutive H(2)O(2) production without requiring known regulators. Extensive
      Nox4/Nox2 chimera screening was initiated to pinpoint structural motifs essential
      for ROS generation and Nox subcellular localization. In summary, a matching B
      loop was crucial for catalytic activity of both Nox enzymes. Substitution of the
      carboxyl terminus was sufficient for converting Nox4 into a phorbol myristate
      acetate (PMA)-inducible phenotype, while Nox2-based chimeras never gained
      constitutive activity. Changing the Nox2 but not the Nox4 amino terminus
      abolished ROS generation. The unique heterodimerization of a functional
      Nox4/p22(phox) Y121H complex was dependent on the D loop. Nox4, Nox2, and
      functional Nox chimeras translocated to the plasma membrane. Cell surface
      localization of Nox4 or PMA-inducible Nox4 did not correlate with O(2)(-)
      generation. In contrast, Nox4 released H(2)O(2) and promoted cell migration. Our
      work provides insights into Nox structure, regulation, and ROS output that will
      aid inhibitor design.

PMID- 19995914
TI  - Formation of the redox cofactor centers during Cox1 maturation in yeast
      cytochrome oxidase.
AB  - The biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase initiates with synthesis and maturation of
      the mitochondrion-encoded Cox1 subunit prior to the addition of other subunits.
      Cox1 contains redox cofactors, including the low-spin heme a center and the
      heterobimetallic heme a(3):Cu(B) center. We sought to identify the step in the
      maturation of Cox1 in which the redox cofactor centers are assembled. Newly
      synthesized Cox1 is incorporated within one early assembly intermediate
      containing Mss51 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subsequent Cox1 maturation involves
      the progression to downstream assembly intermediates involving Coa1 and Shy1. We
      show that the two heme a cofactor sites in Cox1 form downstream of Mss51- and
      Coa1-containing Cox1 intermediates. These Cox1 intermediates form normally in
      cells defective in heme a biosynthesis or in cox1 mutant strains with heme a
      axial His mutations. In contrast, the Shy1-containing Cox1 assembly intermediate
      is perturbed in the absence of heme a. Heme a(3) center formation in Cox1 appears
      to be chaperoned by Shy1. Cu(B) site formation occurs near or at the Shy1
      containing Cox1 assembly intermediate also. The Cu(B) metallochaperone Cox11
      transiently interacts with Shy1 by coimmunoprecipitation. The Shy1-containing
      Cox1 complex is markedly attenuated in cells lacking Cox11 but is partially
      restored with a nonfunctional Cox11 mutant. Thus, formation of the
      heterobimetallic Cu(B):heme a(3) site likely occurs in the Shy1-containing Cox1
      complex.

PMID- 19995915
TI  - mTORC1-activated S6K1 phosphorylates Rictor on threonine 1135 and regulates
      mTORC2 signaling.
AB  - The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that forms
      two functionally distinct complexes important for nutrient and growth factor
      signaling. While mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates mRNA translation and ribosome
      biogenesis, mTORC2 plays an important role in the phosphorylation and subsequent
      activation of Akt. Interestingly, mTORC1 negatively regulates Akt activation, but
      whether mTORC1 signaling directly targets mTORC2 remains unknown. Here we show
      that growth factors promote the phosphorylation of Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive
      companion of mTOR), an essential subunit of mTORC2. We found that Rictor
      phosphorylation requires mTORC1 activity and, more specifically, the p70
      ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). We identified several phosphorylation sites in
      Rictor and found that Thr1135 is directly phosphorylated by S6K1 in vitro and in
      vivo, in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. Phosphorylation of Rictor on Thr1135 did
      not affect mTORC2 assembly, kinase activity, or cellular localization. However,
      cells expressing a Rictor T1135A mutant were found to have increased mTORC2
      dependent phosphorylation of Akt. In addition, phosphorylation of the Akt
      substrates FoxO1/3a and glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (GSK3 alpha/beta)
      was found to be increased in these cells, indicating that S6K1-mediated
      phosphorylation of Rictor inhibits mTORC2 and Akt signaling. Together, our
      results uncover a new regulatory link between the two mTOR complexes, whereby
      Rictor integrates mTORC1-dependent signaling.

PMID- 19995917
TI  - Biosynthetic enzyme GMP synthetase cooperates with ubiquitin-specific protease 7
      in transcriptional regulation of ecdysteroid target genes.
AB  - Drosophila GMP synthetase binds ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) and is
      required for its ability to deubiquitylate histone H2B. Previously, we showed
      that the GMPS/USP7 complex cooperates with the Polycomb silencing system through
      removal of the active ubiquitin mark from histone H2B (H2Bub). Here, we explored
      the interplay between GMPS and USP7 further and assessed their role in hormone
      regulated gene expression. Genetic analysis established a strong cooperation
      between GMPS and USP7, which is counteracted by the histone H2B ubiquitin ligase
      BRE1. Loss of either GMPS or USP7 led to increased levels of histone H2Bub in
      mutant animals. These in vivo analyses complement our earlier biochemical
      results, establishing that GMPS/USP7 mediates histone H2B deubiquitylation. We
      found that GMPS/USP7 binds ecdysone-regulated loci and that mutants display
      severe misregulation of ecdysone target genes. Ecdysone receptor (EcR) interacts
      biochemically and genetically with GMPS/USP7. Genetic and gene expression
      analyses suggested that GMPS/USP7 acts as a transcriptional corepressor. These
      results revealed the cooperation between a biosynthetic enzyme and a ubiquitin
      protease in developmental gene control by hormone receptors.

PMID- 19995916
TI  - Notch and the skeleton.
AB  - Notch receptors are transmembrane receptors that regulate cell fate decisions.
      There are four Notch receptors in mammals. Upon binding to members of the Delta
      and Jagged family of transmembrane proteins, Notch is cleaved and the Notch
      intracellular domain (NICD) is released. NICD then translocates to the nucleus,
      where it associates with the CBF-1, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-2 (CSL) and
      Mastermind-Like (MAML) proteins. This complex activates the transcription of
      Notch target genes, such as Hairy Enhancer of Split (Hes) and Hes-related with
      YRPF motif (Hey). Notch signaling is critical for the regulation of mesenchymal
      stem cell differentiation. Misexpression of Notch in skeletal tissue indicates a
      role as an inhibitor of skeletal development and postnatal bone formation.
      Overexpression of Notch inhibits endochondral bone formation and osteoblastic
      differentiation, causing severe osteopenia. Conditional inactivation of Notch in
      the skeleton causes an increase in cancellous bone volume and enhanced
      osteoblastic differentiation. Notch ligands are expressed in the hematopoietic
      stem cell niche and are critical for the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell
      self-renewal. Dysregulation of Notch signaling is the underlying cause of
      diseases affecting the skeletal tissue, including Alagille syndrome,
      spondylocostal dysostosis, and possibly, osteosarcoma.

PMID- 19995918
TI  - SRC-mediated phosphorylation of dynamin and cortactin regulates the
      "constitutive" endocytosis of transferrin.
AB  - The mechanisms by which epithelial cells regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis
      (CME) of transferrin are poorly defined and generally viewed as a constitutive
      process that occurs continuously without regulatory constraints. In this study,
      we demonstrate for the first time that endocytosis of the transferrin receptor is
      a regulated process that requires activated Src kinase and, subsequently,
      phosphorylation of two important components of the endocytic machinery, namely,
      the large GTPase dynamin 2 (Dyn2) and its associated actin-binding protein,
      cortactin (Cort). To our knowledge these findings are among the first to
      implicate an Src-mediated endocytic cascade in what was previously presumed to be
      a nonregulated internalization process.

PMID- 19995919
TI  - Ineffectiveness of tigecycline against persistent Borrelia burgdorferi.
AB  - The effectiveness of a new first-in-class antibiotic, tigecycline
      (glycylcycline), was evaluated during the early dissemination (1 week), early
      immune (3 weeks), or late persistent (4 months) phases of Borrelia burgdorferi
      infection in C3H mice. Mice were treated with high or low doses of tigecycline,
      saline (negative-effect controls), or a previously published regimen of
      ceftriaxone (positive-effect controls). Infection status was assessed at 3 months
      after treatment by culture, quantitative ospA real-time PCR, and subcutaneous
      transplantation of joint and heart tissue into SCID mice. Tissues from all saline
      treated mice were culture and ospA PCR positive, tissues from all antibiotic
      treated mice were culture negative, and some of the tissues from most of the mice
      treated with antibiotics were ospA PCR positive, although the DNA marker load was
      markedly decreased compared to that in saline-treated mice. Antibiotic treatment
      during the early stage of infection appeared to be more effective than treatment
      that began during later stages of infection. The viability of noncultivable
      spirochetes in antibiotic-treated mice (demonstrable by PCR) was confirmed by
      transplantation of tissue allografts from treated mice into SCID mice, with
      dissemination of spirochetal DNA to multiple recipient tissues, and by
      xenodiagnosis, including acquisition by ticks, transmission by ticks to SCID
      mice, and survival through molting into nymphs and then into adults. Furthermore,
      PCR-positive heart base tissue from antibiotic-treated mice revealed RNA
      transcription of several B. burgdorferi genes. These results extended previous
      studies with ceftriaxone, indicating that antibiotic treatment is unable to clear
      persisting spirochetes, which remain viable and infectious, but are nondividing
      or slowly dividing.

PMID- 19995920
TI  - Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases.
AB  - Two classification schemes for beta-lactamases are currently in use. The
      molecular classification is based on the amino acid sequence and divides beta
      lactamases into class A, C, and D enzymes which utilize serine for beta-lactam
      hydrolysis and class B metalloenzymes which require divalent zinc ions for
      substrate hydrolysis. The functional classification scheme updated herein is
      based on the 1995 proposal by Bush et al. (K. Bush, G. A. Jacoby, and A. A.
      Medeiros, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1211-1233, 1995). It takes into
      account substrate and inhibitor profiles in an attempt to group the enzymes in
      ways that can be correlated with their phenotype in clinical isolates. Major
      groupings generally correlate with the more broadly based molecular
      classification. The updated system includes group 1 (class C) cephalosporinases;
      group 2 (classes A and D) broad-spectrum, inhibitor-resistant, and extended
      spectrum beta-lactamases and serine carbapenemases; and group 3 metallo-beta
      lactamases. Several new subgroups of each of the major groups are described,
      based on specific attributes of individual enzymes. A list of attributes is also
      suggested for the description of a new beta-lactamase, including the requisite
      microbiological properties, substrate and inhibitor profiles, and molecular
      sequence data that provide an adequate characterization for a new beta-lactam
      hydrolyzing enzyme.

PMID- 19995921
TI  - Development of an allele-specific PCR for detection of the K65R resistance
      mutation in patients infected with subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
AB  - The selection of drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
      (HIV-1) is an impediment to the efficiency of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. We
      have developed an allele-specific real-time PCR assay to explore the presence of
      K65R minority species among treated HIV-1 subtype B and C infections. Thirty HIV
      1 subtype C- and 26 subtype B-infected patients lacking K65R as determined by
      conventional sequencing methods were studied, and viral minority species were
      found in four HIV-1 subtype C samples.

PMID- 19995922
TI  - Miltefosine efficiently eliminates Leishmania major amastigotes from infected
      murine dendritic cells without altering their immune functions.
AB  - As a treatment for leishmaniasis, miltefosine exerts direct toxic effects on the
      parasites. Miltefosine also modulates immune cells such as macrophages, leading
      to parasite elimination via oxidative radicals. Dendritic cells (DC) are critical
      for initiation of protective immunity against Leishmania through induction of Th1
      immunity via interleukin 12 (IL-12). Here, we investigated the effects of
      miltefosine on DC in Leishmania major infections. When cocultured with
      miltefosine for 4 days, the majority of in vitro-infected DC were free of
      parasites. Miltefosine treatment did not influence DC maturation (upregulation of
      major histocompatibility complex II [MHC II] or costimulatory molecules, e.g.,
      CD40, CD54, and CD86) or significantly alter cytokine release (IL-12, tumor
      necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], or IL-10). Further, miltefosine DC treatment
      did not alter antigen presentation, since unrestricted antigen-specific
      proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed upon stimulation with
      miltefosine-treated, infected DC. In addition, miltefosine application in vivo
      did not lead to maturation/emigration of skin DC. DC NO- production, a mechanism
      used by phagocytes to rid themselves of intracellular parasites, was also
      unaltered upon miltefosine treatment. Our data confirm prior studies indicating
      that in contrast to, e.g., pentavalent antimonials, miltefosine functions
      independently of the immune system, mostly through direct toxicity against the
      Leishmania parasite.

PMID- 19995923
TI  - Epitope switching as a novel escape mechanism of HIV to CCR5 monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - In passaging experiments, we isolated HIV strains resistant to MAb3952, a
      chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) monoclonal antibody (MAb) that binds to
      the second extracellular domain (extracellular loop 2 [ECL-2]) of CCR5. MAb3952
      resistant viruses remain CCR5-tropic and are cross-resistant to a second ECL-2
      specific antibody. Surprisingly, MAb3952-resistant viruses were more susceptible
      to RoAb13, a CCR5 antibody binding to the N terminus of CCR5. Using CCR5 receptor
      mutants, we show that MAb3952-resistant virus strains preferentially use the N
      terminus of CCR5, while the wild-type viruses preferentially use ECL-2. We
      propose this switch in the CCR5 binding site as a novel mechanism of HIV
      resistance.

PMID- 19995924
TI  - Antiviral efficacy of the novel compound BIT225 against HIV-1 release from human
      macrophages.
AB  - Building on previous findings that amiloride analogues inhibit HIV-1 replication
      in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), Biotron Limited has generated a library of
      over 300 small-molecule compounds with significant improvements in anti-HIV-1
      activity. Our lead compound, BIT225, blocks Vpu ion channel activity and also
      shows anti-HIV-1 activity, with a 50% effective concentration of 2.25+/-0.23
      microM (mean+/-the standard error) and minimal in vitro toxicity (50% toxic
      concentration, 284 microM) in infected MDM, resulting in a selectivity index of
      126. In this study, we define the antiretroviral efficacy of BIT225 activity in
      macrophages, which are important drug targets because cells of the monocyte
      lineage are key reservoirs of HIV-1, disseminating virus to the peripheral
      tissues as they differentiate into macrophages. In assays with acutely and
      chronically HIV-1Ba-L-infected MDM, BIT225 resulted in significant reductions in
      viral integration and virus release as measured by real-time PCR and a reverse
      transcriptase (RT) activity assay at various stages of monocyte-to-macrophage
      differentiation. Further, the TZM-bl assay showed that the de novo virus produced
      at low levels in the presence of BIT225 was less infectious than virus produced
      in the absence of the compound. No antiviral activity was observed in MDM
      chronically infected with HIV-2, which lacks Vpu, confirming our initial
      targeting of and screening against this viral protein. The activity of BIT225 is
      post-virus integration, with no direct effects on the HIV-1 enzymes RT and
      protease. The findings of this study suggest that BIT225 is a late-phase
      inhibitor of the viral life cycle, targeting Vpu, and is a drug capable of
      significantly inhibiting HIV-1 release from both acute and chronically infected
      macrophages.

PMID- 19995926
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole in diabetic rats.
AB  - After intravenous or oral administration of 10 mg/kg itraconazole to rats with
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and to control rats, the total area
      under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) for
      itraconazole and that for its metabolite, 7-hydroxyitraconazole, were similar
      between the two groups of rats. This may be explained by the comparable hepatic
      and intestinal intrinsic clearance rates for the disappearance of itraconazole
      and the formation of 7-hydroxyitraconazole in both groups of rats.

PMID- 19995925
TI  - High concentration of raltegravir in semen of HIV-infected men: results from a
      substudy of the EASIER-ANRS 138 trial.
AB  - Raltegravir concentrations and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA
      levels in semen samples from 10 treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients
      were measured after 24 weeks of raltegravir-based highly active antiretroviral
      therapy (HAART). Semen and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were below 100 copies/ml and
      50 copies/ml, respectively, in all samples. The median raltegravir concentrations
      in semen samples (n=10) and in plasma samples (n=9) drawn simultaneously were 345
      (range, 83 to 707) ng/ml and 206 (range, 106 to 986) ng/ml, respectively. The
      median semen-to-plasma ratio of raltegravir concentration was 1.42 (range, 0.52
      to 6.66), indicating good although variable levels of drug penetration of
      raltegravir in the seminal compartment.

PMID- 19995927
TI  - Comparison of the activity of a human simulated, high-dose, prolonged infusion of
      meropenem against Klebsiella pneumoniae producing the KPC carbapenemase versus
      that against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that a high-dose, prolonged-infusion meropenem
      regimen (2 g every 8 h [q8h]; 3-hour infusion) can achieve 40% free drug
      concentration above the MIC against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MICs of <or=16
      microg/ml. The objective of this experiment was to compare the efficacy of this
      high-dose, prolonged-infusion regimen against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella
      pneumoniae isolates with the efficacy against P. aeruginosa isolates having
      similar meropenem MICs. An in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to simulate
      human serum concentrations. Eleven genotypically confirmed K. pneumoniae
      carbapenemase (KPC)-producing isolates and six clinical P. aeruginosa isolates
      were tested for 24 h, and time-kill curves were constructed. High-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to verify meropenem concentrations in each
      experiment. Meropenem achieved a rapid >or=3 log CFU reduction against all KPC
      isolates within 6 h, followed by regrowth in all but two isolates. The targeted
      %fT>MIC (percent time that free drug concentrations remain above the MIC)
      exposure was achieved against both of these KPC isolates (100% fT>MIC versus
      MIC=2 microg/ml, 75% fT>MIC versus MIC=8 microg/ml). Against KPC isolates with
      MICs of 8 and 16 microg/ml that did regrow, actual meropenem exposures were
      significantly lower than targeted due to rapid in vitro hydrolysis, whereby
      targeted %fT>MIC was reduced with each subsequent dosing. In contrast, a >or=3
      log CFU reduction was maintained over 24 h for all Pseudomonas isolates with
      meropenem MICs of 8 and 16 microg/ml. Although KPC and P. aeruginosa isolates may
      share similar meropenem MICs, the differing resistance mechanisms produce
      discordant responses to a high-dose, prolonged infusion of meropenem. Thus,
      predicting the efficacy of an antimicrobial regimen based on MIC may not be a
      valid assumption for KPC-producing organisms.

PMID- 19995928
TI  - Defining fractional inhibitory concentration index cutoffs for additive
      interactions based on self-drug additive combinations, Monte Carlo simulation
      analysis, and in vitro-in vivo correlation data for antifungal drug combinations
      against Aspergillus fumigatus.
AB  - The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index range of 0.5 to 4 that is
      commonly used to define additivity results in no interactions in most combination
      studies of antifungal agents. These results may differ from those of in vivo
      studies, where positive and negative interactions may be observed. We reassessed
      this in vitro FIC index range based on (i) the experimental variation of the
      checkerboard technique using multiple replicates, (ii) the ability to correctly
      determine purely additive self-drug and two-drug antagonistic combinations of
      amphotericin B (AMB) and voriconazole (VRC), (iii) Monte Carlo simulation
      analysis, and (iv) in vitro-in vivo correlation using experimental models of
      invasive pulmonary aspergillosis against the same Aspergillus fumigatus isolate
      based on visual, spectrophotometric, and colorimetric determinations of FICs
      after 24 and 48 h of incubation. FICs obtained after 24 h of incubation ranged
      from 0.5 to 1.25 for the self-drug additive combinations of AMB plus AMB and VRC
      plus VRC and from 2.25 to 4.25 for the antagonistic combination of AMB plus VRC.
      Monte Carlo simulation analysis showed that self-drug combinations were correctly
      classified as additive and that the combination of AMB plus VRC was correctly
      classified as antagonistic for >85% of the simulated FICs when deviation of the
      95% confidence interval (CI) of replicate FICs from the additivity range of 1 to
      1.25 was used to assess interactions after 24 h. In vitro-in vivo correlation
      analysis showed that the 95% CIs of the FICs of the in vivo synergistic
      combination anidulafungin plus VRC determined after 24 h were lower than 1 and
      the 95% CIs of the FICs of the in vivo antagonistic combination AMB plus
      ravuconazole were higher than 1.25. Adequate insight into weak pharmacodynamic
      interactions with in vivo relevance may be obtained by demonstrating that
      triplicate FICs at 24 h are outside an inclusive additivity range of 1 to 1.25.

PMID- 19995929
TI  - Effects of immunomodulatory and organism-associated molecules on the permeability
      of an in vitro blood-brain barrier model to amphotericin B and fluconazole.
AB  - Amphotericin B (AMB) is used to treat fungal infections of the central nervous
      system (CNS). However, AMB shows poor penetration into the CNS and little is
      known about the factors affecting its permeation through the blood-brain barrier
      (BBB). Therefore, we studied immunomodulatory and organism-associated molecules
      affecting the permeability of an in vitro BBB model to AMB. We examined the
      effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF
      alpha), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), zymosan (ZYM),
      dexamethasone (DEX), cyclosporine, and tacrolimus on transendothelial electrical
      resistance (TEER); endothelial tight junctions; filamentous actin; and
      permeability to deoxycholate AMB (DAMB), liposomal AMB (LAMB), and fluconazole.
      Proinflammatory cytokines and organism-associated molecules significantly
      decreased the mean TEER by 40.7 to 100% (P < or = 0.004). DEX increased the mean
      TEER by 18.2 to 26.4% (P < or = 0.04). TNF-alpha and LPS increased the
      permeability to AMB by 8.2 to 14.5% compared to that for the controls (1.1 to
      2.4%) (P < or = 0.04). None of the other molecules affected the model's
      permeability to AMB. By comparison, the BBB model's permeability to fluconazole
      was >78% under all conditions studied, without significant differences between
      the controls and the experimental groups. LPS and TNF-alpha decreased tight
      junction protein zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) between endothelial cells. In
      conclusion, IL-1beta, ZYM, and LTA increased the permeability of the BBB to small
      ions but not to AMB, whereas TNF-alpha and LPS, which disrupted the endothelial
      layer integrity, increased the permeability to AMB.

PMID- 19995930
TI  - International spread and persistence of TEM-24 is caused by the confluence of
      highly penetrating enterobacteriaceae clones and an IncA/C2 plasmid containing
      Tn1696::Tn1 and IS5075-Tn21.
AB  - TEM-24 remains one of the most widespread TEM-type extended-spectrum beta
      lactamases (ESBLs) among Enterobacteriaceae. To analyze the reasons influencing
      its spread and persistence, a multilevel population genetics study was carried
      out on 28 representative TEM-24 producers from Belgium, France, Portugal, and
      Spain (13 Enterobacter aerogenes isolates, 6 Escherichia coli isolates, 6
      Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 2 Proteus mirabilis isolates, and 1 Klebsiella
      oxytoca isolate, from 1998 to 2004). Clonal relatedness (XbaI pulsed-field gel
      electrophoresis [PFGE] and E. coli phylogroups) and antibiotic susceptibility
      were determined by standard procedures. Plasmid analysis included determination
      of the incompatibility group (by PCR, hybridization, and/or sequencing) and
      comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns.
      Characterization of genetic elements conferring antibiotic resistance included
      integrons (classes 1, 2, and 3) and transposons (Tn3, Tn21, and Tn402). Similar
      PFGE patterns were identified among E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis
      isolates, while E. coli strains were diverse (phylogenetic groups A, B2, and D).
      Highly related 180-kb IncA/C2 plasmids conferring resistance to kanamycin,
      tobramycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides were identified. Each
      plasmid contained defective In0-Tn402 (dfrA1-aadA1, aacA4, or aacA4-aacC1-orfE
      aadA2-cmlA1) and In4-Tn402 (aacA4 or dfrA1-aadA1) variants. These integrons were
      located within Tn21, Tn1696, or hybrids of these transposons, with IS5075
      interrupting their IRtnp and IRmer. In all cases, blaTEM-24 was part of an IS5075
      DeltaTn1 transposon within tnp1696, mimicking other genetic elements containing
      blaTEM-2 and blaTEM-3 variants. The international dissemination of TEM-24 is
      fuelled by an IncA/C2 plasmid acquired by different enterobacterial clones which
      seem to evolve by gaining diverse genetic elements. This work highlights the
      risks of a confluence between highly penetrating clones and highly promiscuous
      plasmids in the spread of antibiotic resistance, and it contributes to the
      elucidation of the origin and evolution of TEM-2 ESBL derivatives.

PMID- 19995931
TI  - Recombination between ccrC genes in a type V (5C2&5) staphylococcal cassette
      chromosome mec (SCCmec) of Staphylococcus aureus ST398 leads to conversion from
      methicillin resistance to methicillin susceptibility in vivo.
AB  - Various types of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) are known to
      confer methicillin resistance on the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Such
      cassettes are not always stably maintained. The present studies were aimed at
      identifying the mechanism underlying the in vivo conversion of methicillin
      resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)
      derivatives as encountered in two patients suffering from pneumonia and an
      umbilicus infection, respectively. All MRSA and MSSA isolates identified belong
      to multilocus sequence type (MLST) 398, have spa type t034, and are Panton
      Valentine leukocidin positive. Sequencing of 27,616 nucleotides from the
      chromosomal SCCmec insertion site in orfX to the hsdR gene for a restriction
      enzyme revealed a type V (5C2&5) SCCmec. Sequence comparisons show that parts of
      the cassette are highly similar to sequences within SCCmec elements from
      coagulase-negative staphylococci, indicating a possible common origin. The
      cassette investigated contains ccrC-carrying units on either side of its class
      C2b mec gene complex. In vivo loss of the mec gene complex was caused by
      recombination between the recombinase genes ccrC1 allele 8 and ccrC1 allele 10.
      In vitro, the SCCmec was very stable, and low-frequency MRSA-to-MSSA conversion
      was only observed when MRSA isolates were cultivated at 41 degrees C for
      prolonged periods of time. In this case also, loss of the mec complex was due to
      ccrC gene recombination. Interestingly, the MRSA and MSSA isolates studied
      displayed no detectable differences in competitive growth and virulence,
      suggesting that the presence of the intact type V (5C2&5) SCCmec has no negative
      bearing on staphylococcal fitness under the conditions used.

PMID- 19995932
TI  - Influence of alpha-1 glycoprotein acid concentrations and variants on atazanavir
      pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients included in the ANRS 107 trial.
AB  - Atazanavir is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor with high protein binding in human
      plasma. The objectives were first to determine the in vitro binding
      characteristics of atazanavir and second to evaluate whether plasma protein
      binding to albumin and alpha-1 glycoprotein acid (AAG) influences the
      pharmacokinetics of atazanavir in HIV-infected patients. For the in vitro study,
      atazanavir protein binding characteristics were determined in AAG- and albumin
      containing purified solutions. Atazanavir was found to bind AAG on a high
      affinity saturable site (association constant, 4.61x10(5) liters/mol) and albumin
      on a low-affinity nonsaturable site. For the in vivo study, blood samples from 51
      patients included in trial ANRS 107--Puzzle 2 were drawn prior to drug intake at
      week 6. For 10 patients included in the pharmacokinetic substudy, five additional
      blood samples were collected during one dosing interval at week 6. Atazanavir
      concentrations were assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC
      MS/MS). Albumin concentrations, AAG concentrations, and phenotypes were also
      measured in these patients. Concentrations of atazanavir were modeled using a
      population approach. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and
      elimination best described atazanavir pharmacokinetics. Atazanavir
      pharmacokinetic parameters and their interindividual variabilities were as
      follows: absorption rate constant (ka), 0.73 h(-1) (139.3%); apparent clearance
      (CL/F), 13.3 liters/h (26.7%); and apparent volume of distribution (V/F), 79.7
      liters (27.0%). Atazanavir CL/F decreased significantly when alanine
      aminotransferase and/or AAG levels increased (P<0.01). The ORM1*S phenotype also
      significantly increased atazanavir V/F (P<0.05). These in vivo results indicate
      that atazanavir pharmacokinetics is moderately influenced by its protein binding,
      especially to AAG, without expected clinical consequences.

PMID- 19995933
TI  - Randomized, double-blind study of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of
      tafenoquine versus mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis in nonimmune subjects.
AB  - This study represents the first phase III trial of the safety, tolerability, and
      effectiveness of tafenoquine for malaria prophylaxis. In a randomized (3:1),
      double-blinded study, Australian soldiers received weekly malaria prophylaxis
      with 200 mg tafenoquine (492 subjects) or 250 mg mefloquine (162 subjects) for 6
      months on a peacekeeping deployment to East Timor. After returning to Australia,
      tafenoquine-receiving subjects received a placebo and mefloquine-receiving
      subjects received 30 mg primaquine daily for 14 days. There were no clinically
      significant differences between hematological and biochemical parameters of the
      treatment groups. Treatment-related adverse events for the two groups were
      similar (tafenoquine, 13.4%; mefloquine, 11.7%). Three subjects on tafenoquine
      (0.6%) and none on mefloquine discontinued prophylaxis because of possible drug
      related adverse events. No diagnoses of malaria occurred for either group during
      deployment, but 4 cases (0.9%) and 1 case (0.7%) of Plasmodium vivax infection
      occurred among the tafenoquine and mefloquine groups, respectively, up to 20
      weeks after discontinuation of medication. In a subset of subjects recruited for
      detailed safety assessments, treatment-related mild vortex keratopathy was
      detected in 93% (69 of 74) of tafenoquine subjects but none of the 21 mefloquine
      subjects. The vortex keratopathy was not associated with any effect on visual
      acuity and was fully resolved in all subjects by 1 year. Tafenoquine appears to
      be safe and well tolerated as malaria prophylaxis. Although the volunteers'
      precise exposure to malaria could not be proven in this study, tafenoquine
      appears to be a highly efficacious drug for malaria prophylaxis.

PMID- 19995934
TI  - Overall Cdk activity modulates the DNA damage response in mammalian cells.
AB  - In response to DNA damage, cells activate a phosphorylation-based signaling
      cascade known as the DNA damage response (DDR). One of the main outcomes of DDR
      activation is inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity to restrain
      cell cycle progression until lesions are healed. Recent studies have revealed a
      reverse connection by which Cdk activity modulates processing of DNA break ends
      and DDR activation. However, the specific contribution of individual Cdks to this
      process remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we have examined the
      DDR in murine cells carrying a defined set of Cdks. Our results reveal that
      genome maintenance programs of postreplicative cells, including DDR, are
      regulated by the overall level of Cdk activity and not by specific Cdks.

PMID- 19995935
TI  - Dual roles for the Drosophila PI 4-kinase four wheel drive in localizing Rab11
      during cytokinesis.
AB  - Successful completion of cytokinesis relies on addition of new membrane, and
      requires the recycling endosome regulator Rab11, which localizes to the midzone.
      Despite the critical role of Rab11 in this process, little is known about the
      formation and composition of Rab11-containing organelles. Here, we identify the
      phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase III beta four wheel drive (Fwd) as a key
      regulator of Rab11 during cytokinesis in Drosophila melanogaster spermatocytes.
      We show Fwd is required for synthesis of PI 4-phosphate (PI4P) on Golgi membranes
      and for formation of PI4P-containing secretory organelles that localize to the
      midzone. Fwd binds and colocalizes with Rab11 on Golgi membranes, and is required
      for localization of Rab11 in dividing cells. A kinase-dead version of Fwd also
      binds Rab11 and partially restores cytokinesis to fwd mutant flies. Moreover,
      activated Rab11 partially suppresses loss of fwd. Our data suggest Fwd plays
      catalytic and noncatalytic roles in regulating Rab11 during cytokinesis.

PMID- 19995936
TI  - Visualizing histone modifications in living cells: spatiotemporal dynamics of H3
      phosphorylation during interphase.
AB  - Posttranslational histone modifications regulate both gene expression and genome
      integrity. Despite the dynamic nature of these modifications, appropriate real
      time monitoring systems are lacking. In this study, we developed a method to
      visualize histone modifications in living somatic cells and preimplantation
      embryos by loading fluorescently labeled specific Fab antibody fragments. The
      technique was used to study histone H3 Ser10 (H3S10) phosphorylation, which
      occurs during chromosome condensation in mitosis mediated by the aurora B kinase.
      In aneuploid cancer cells that frequently missegregate chromosomes, H3S10 is
      phosphorylated just before the chromosomes condense, whereas aurora B already
      accumulates in nuclei during S phase. In contrast, in nontransformed cells,
      phosphorylated H3S10 foci appear for a few hours during interphase, and transient
      exposure to an aurora B-selective inhibitor during this period induces chromosome
      missegregation. These results suggest that, during interphase, moderate aurora B
      activity or H3S10 phosphorylation is required for accurate chromosome
      segregation. Visualizing histone modifications in living cells will facilitate
      future epigenetic and cell regulation studies.

PMID- 19995937
TI  - The Cul3-KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets aurora B to midzone microtubules in
      anaphase and is required for cytokinesis.
AB  - Cul3 (Cullin3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligases recently emerged as critical regulators
      of mitosis. In this study, we identify two mammalian BTB (Bric-a-brac-Tramtrack
      Broad complex)-Kelch proteins, KLHL21 and KLHL22, that interact with Cul3 and are
      required for efficient chromosome alignment. Interestingly, KLHL21 but not KLHL22
      is necessary for cytokinesis and regulates translocation of the chromosomal
      passenger complex (CPC) from chromosomes to the spindle midzone in anaphase,
      similar to the previously described BTB-Kelch proteins KLHL9 and KLHL13. KLHL21
      directly binds to aurora B and mediates ubiquitination of aurora B in vitro. In
      contrast to KLHL9 and KLHL13, KLHL21 localizes to midzone microtubules in
      anaphase and recruits aurora B and Cul3 to this region. Together, our results
      suggest that different Cul3 adaptors nonredundantly regulate aurora B during
      mitosis, possibly by ubiquitinating different pools of aurora B at distinct
      subcellular localizations.

PMID- 19995938
TI  - Disease-specific gene repositioning in breast cancer.
AB  - Genomes are nonrandomly organized within the three-dimensional space of the cell
      nucleus. Here, we have identified several genes whose nuclear positions are
      altered in human invasive breast cancer compared with normal breast tissue. The
      changes in positioning are gene specific and are not a reflection of genomic
      instability within the cancer tissue. Repositioning events are specific to cancer
      and do not generally occur in noncancerous breast disease. Moreover, we show that
      the spatial positions of genes are highly consistent between individuals. Our
      data indicate that cancer cells have disease-specific gene distributions. These
      interphase gene positioning patterns may be used to identify cancer tissues.

PMID- 19995939
TI  - Cardiovascular interactions between losartan and fructose in mice.
AB  - AIM: To determine whether pharmacological blockade of angiotensin (Ang) AT1
      receptors alters the cardiovascular, metabolic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme
      (ACE and ACE2) responses to a fructose diet in mice. METHODS: C57BL male mice
      were fed with a 60% fructose diet for 8 weeks in combination with losartan
      treatment on week 9 (30 mg/kg per day). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and
      autonomic balance were monitored using radiotelemetry with spectral analysis.
      Renal ACE and ACE2 activity and protein levels as well as Ang II and Ang 1-7 were
      measured. RESULTS: Fructose impaired glucose tolerance and increased plasma
      cholesterol and insulin. These effects were not corrected by losartan treatment.
      Fructose increased BP and HR but only during the dark period. Short-term losartan
      treatment decreased BP by 16% in the fructose group but had no effect in
      controls. This was accompanied by a decrease in BP variance and its low-frequency
      component. Fructose increased Ang II (plasma and kidney) and ACE 2 (renal
      activity and protein expression). Losartan alone increased plasma Ang II in
      plasma and ACE2 in kidney. There were no changes in renal Ang 1-7 levels.
      CONCLUSIONS: Losartan reversed the pressor effect of a high fructose diet,
      demonstrating that there are prominent interactions between a dietary regimen
      that produces glucose intolerance and an antihypertensive drug that antagonizes
      Ang signaling. The mechanism of change may be via renal Ang II rather than the
      ACE2/Ang 1-7 pathway because the fructose losartan combination resulted in
      lowered renal Ang II without changes in Ang 1-7.

PMID- 19995940
TI  - Long-term fluoxetine treatment modulates cannabinoid type 1 receptor-mediated
      inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in the rat prefrontal cortex through 5
      hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor-dependent mechanisms.
AB  - Increasing data indicate that brain endocannabinoid system plays a role in the
      effects of antidepressant medications. Here we examined the effect of in vivo
      exposure to the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor fluoxetine on cannabinoid
      type 1 (CB(1)) receptor density and functionality in the rat prefrontal cortex
      (PFC) and cerebellum. Long-term treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) enhanced
      CB(1) receptor inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the PFC and reduced it in
      the cerebellum without altering receptor density and agonist stimulation of
      guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio) triphosphate ([(35)S]GTP gamma S) in either area.
      Analysis of [(35)S]GTP gamma S-labeled G alpha subunits allowed for the detection
      of up-regulated CB(1) receptor coupling to G alpha(i2), G alpha(i3) in the PFC,
      and reduced coupling to G alpha(i3) in the cerebellum of fluoxetine-treated rats.
      Concomitant administration of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist N-[2-[4- (2
      methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexanecarboxamide maleate
      (WAY100635; 0.1 mg/kg/day) reduced fluoxetine-induced modulation of CB(1)
      receptor coupling to G alpha subunits and AC in the PFC but not in the
      cerebellum. These results indicate that increased CB(1) receptor signaling at the
      G alpha(i)-AC transduction level is a long-term adaptation induced by fluoxetine
      in the PFC and point to a role for 5-HT(1A) receptors in this effect. Basal AC
      activity, protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit expression, and phospho-cAMP
      response element-binding protein (pCREB)/CREB ratio were also up-regulated in the
      PFC of fluoxetine-treated animals, whereas no differences were detected in the
      cerebellum. It is interesting that long-term Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol
      treatment did not elicit antidepressant-like effects or modulated behavioral
      responses of fluoxetine in an animal model of depression (olfactory bulbectomy).
      These data suggest that altered signal transduction through CB(1) receptors in
      the PFC may participate in the regulation of the AC-PKA-CREB cascade induced by
      fluoxetine in this brain area.

PMID- 19995941
TI  - Integrin-mediated inhibition of interleukin-8 secretion from human neutrophils by
      collagen type I.
AB  - The function of neutrophils in the inflammatory response is modulated by contact
      with ECM proteins. We have now investigated the effect of collagen type I on
      secretion of the cytokine IL-8 by human neutrophils in vitro. Collagen type I
      inhibited the secretion of IL-8 from neutrophils maintained under basal
      conditions or stimulated with fMLF. This effect was accompanied by down
      regulation of IL-8 mRNA, and it appeared to be specific to collagen type I among
      ECM proteins, in that it was not observed with fibronectin or laminin. The
      inhibitory effect of collagen type I on IL-8 secretion was dependent on collagen
      concentration and cell density. It was also abolished in the presence of
      antibodies to integrin alpha2beta1 but was not affected by antibodies to integrin
      alpha5beta1 or beta4. Our results thus suggest that collagen type I inhibits the
      secretion of IL-8 by human neutrophils in a selective manner and that this effect
      is mediated by the interaction of collagen with integrin alpha2beta1.

PMID- 19995942
TI  - Innate immunity in the therapeutic actions of endothelial progenitor cells in
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Direct injection of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into the circulation has
      shown therapeutic benefit in both experimental models and clinical studies of
      pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Using the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat
      model of PAH, we investigated the role of innate immunity in the therapeutic
      activity of two types of putative EPCs derived from human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells: an early population of endothelial-like, culture-modified
      monocytes (E-CMMs) and late-outgrowth EPCs (L-EPCs), which exhibit a strong
      endothelial phenotype. In the athymic nude rat, E-CMMs prevented MCT-induced
      increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (P < 0.001) and right
      ventricular hypertrophy (P < 0.01) when administered 3 days after MCT challenge,
      whereas L-EPCs were ineffective. However, in both cases, there was a lack of cell
      persistence within the lungs at 24 hours after injection, likely due to residual
      natural killer (NK) cell activity in the model. Although ablation of NK and NK-T
      cells with anti-asialo-GM-1 antiserum enhanced the retention of both E-CMMs and L
      EPCs, still no benefit was seen with L-EPCs, and the efficacy of E-CMMs was lost.
      In vitro characterization revealed that E-CMMs resemble a regulatory subtype of
      dendritic cells, producing IL-10, but not IL-12, in response to inflammatory
      stimuli. Coculture studies demonstrated the capacity of E-EPCs to stimulate
      autologous human and nude rat NK cells in vitro. These data support a novel mode
      of action for human E-CMMs in the prevention of PAH, whereby they act through an
      immune-dependent mechanism, potentially involving the stimulation of NK cells.

PMID- 19995943
TI  - Absence or inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-8 decreases ventilator-induced
      lung injury.
AB  - Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving therapy that can also damage the lungs.
      Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) promotes inflammation and up-regulates
      matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among these enzymes, MMP-8 is involved in the
      onset of inflammation by processing different immune mediators. To clarify the
      role of MMP-8 in a model of VILI and their relevance as a therapeutic target, we
      ventilated wild-type and MMP-8-deficient mice with low or high pressures for 2
      hours. There were no significant differences after low-pressure ventilation
      between wild-type and knockout animals. However, lack of MMP-8 results in better
      gas exchange, decreased lung edema and permeability, and diminished histological
      injury after high-pressure ventilation. Mmp8(-/-) mice had a different immune
      response to injurious ventilation, with decreased neutrophilic infiltration,
      lower levels of IFN-gamma and chemokines (LPS-induced CXC chemokine, macrophage
      inflammatory protein-2), and significant increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines
      (IL-4, IL-10) in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There were no
      differences in MMP-2, MMP-9, or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 between
      wild-type and knockout mice. These results were confirmed by showing a similar
      protective effect in wild-type mice treated with a selective MMP-8 inhibitor. We
      conclude that MMP-8 promotes acute inflammation after ventilation with high
      pressures, and its short-term inhibition could be a therapeutic goal to limit
      VILI.

PMID- 19995944
TI  - Histopharmacology.

PMID- 19995945
TI  - Quantitative caveats of standard immunohistochemical procedures: implications for
      optical disector-based designs.
AB  - Immunohistochemistry is a ubiquitous technique in histology. Often, the goal of
      such studies is the quantification of some parameter associated with a particular
      antigen. When used correctly, the optical disector offers a statistically
      relevant approach to achieve this goal without bias from cell size, shape, or
      orientation. This three-dimensional counting probe is virtually embedded within
      the depth of the tissue section, thus avoiding sampling near the cut surfaces of
      the section, where cells are often lost during the cutting and subsequent
      processing steps. It follows that the probability that a cell could be
      immunolabeled should be equal throughout the section depth to correctly employ
      the optical disector. In this report, we demonstrate that parameters commonly
      used in immunohistochemistry often leave the middle of the section unlabeled.
      Furthermore, the degree of incomplete penetration varies among antibodies but can
      be overcome in some cases by extending the incubation time of the secondary
      antibody. The detection of this phenomenon in immunofluorescence preparations and
      the implications of these findings for quantitative stereology using the optical
      disector are discussed.

PMID- 19995946
TI  - Proteomics out of the archive: Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass
      spectrometry using HOPE-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
AB  - Proteome analyses provide diagnostic information which can be essential for
      therapeutic predictions. The application of such techniques for analyzing
      paraffin-embedded tissue samples is widely hampered by the use of formalin
      fixation requiring antigen retrieval procedures in molecular pathology. In prior
      studies, the HEPES-glutamic acid buffer-mediated organic solvent protection
      effect (HOPE) technique of tissue fixation has been shown to provide a broad
      array of biochemical investigations with excellent preservation of morphological
      structures, DNA, RNA, and proteins, thus supporting the multimethod analysis of
      archived specimens. Here we show that HOPE fixation is also useful in proteomic
      investigations by allowing two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass
      spectrometry, using lung cancer tissues. Two-dimensional gels of two-protein
      extraction protocols derived from HOPE-fixed material displayed characteristic
      spot patterns with high reproducibility. For comparison, 2DE analysis of ethanol
      fixed, formalin-fixed, and frozen samples from the same tissues was performed.
      Western blotting confirmed immunoreactivity of 2DE-separated proteins from HOPE
      fixed tissue samples. Additionally, distinct spots were excised from HOPE-derived
      2D gels and successfully subjected to peptide mass fingerprinting. In conclusion,
      paraffin archives containing HOPE-fixed tissues are applicable to a wide spectrum
      of molecular investigations including common biochemical methods for proteome
      analyses and therefore represent a unique source for molecular investigations in
      the rapidly growing field of molecular pathology. This manuscript contains online
      supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to
      view these materials.

PMID- 19995948
TI  - Langerhans cell (LC) proliferation mediates neonatal development, homeostasis,
      and inflammation-associated expansion of the epidermal LC network.
AB  - Most tissues develop from stem cells and precursors that undergo differentiation
      as their proliferative potential decreases. Mature differentiated cells rarely
      proliferate and are replaced at the end of their life by new cells derived from
      precursors. Langerhans cells (LCs) of the epidermis, although of myeloid origin,
      were shown to renew in tissues independently from the bone marrow, suggesting the
      existence of a dermal or epidermal progenitor. We investigated the mechanisms
      involved in LC development and homeostasis. We observed that a single wave of LC
      precursors was recruited in the epidermis of mice around embryonic day 18 and
      acquired a dendritic morphology, major histocompatibility complex II, CD11c, and
      langerin expression immediately after birth. Langerin(+) cells then undergo a
      massive burst of proliferation between postnatal day 2 (P2) and P7, expanding
      their numbers by 10-20-fold. After the first week of life, we observed low-level
      proliferation of langerin(+) cells within the epidermis. However, in a mouse
      model of atopic dermatitis (AD), a keratinocyte signal triggered increased
      epidermal LC proliferation. Similar findings were observed in epidermis from
      human patients with AD. Therefore, proliferation of differentiated resident cells
      represents an alternative pathway for development in the newborn, homeostasis,
      and expansion in adults of selected myeloid cell populations such as LCs. This
      mechanism may be relevant in locations where leukocyte trafficking is limited.

PMID- 19995949
TI  - Preformed portals facilitate dendritic cell entry into afferent lymphatic
      vessels.
AB  - Although both processes occur at similar rates, leukocyte extravasation from the
      blood circulation is well investigated, whereas intravasation into lymphatic
      vessels has hardly been studied. In contrast to a common assumption-that intra-
      and extravasation follow similar molecular principles-we previously showed that
      lymphatic entry of dendritic cells (DCs) does not require integrin-mediated
      adhesive interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that DC-entry is also
      independent of pericellular proteolysis, raising the question of whether
      lymphatic vessels offer preexisting entry routes. We find that the perilymphatic
      basement membrane of initial lymphatic vessels is discontinuous and therefore
      leaves gaps for entering cells. Using a newly developed in situ live cell imaging
      approach that allows us to dynamically visualize the cells and their
      extracellular environment, we demonstrate that DCs enter through these
      discontinuities, which are transiently mechanically dilated by the passaging
      cells. We further show that penetration of the underlying lymphatic endothelial
      layer occurs through flap valves lacking continuous intercellular junctions.
      Together, we demonstrate free cellular communication between interstitium and
      lymphatic lumen.

PMID- 19995950
TI  - c-Rel is required for the development of thymic Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells.
AB  - During thymopoiesis, a unique program of gene expression promotes the development
      of CD4 regulatory T (T reg) cells. Although Foxp3 maintains a pattern of gene
      expression necessary for T reg cell function, other transcription factors are
      emerging as important determinants of T reg cell development. We show that the NF
      kappaB transcription factor c-Rel is highly expressed in thymic T reg cells and
      that in c-rel(-/-) mice, thymic T reg cell numbers are markedly reduced as a
      result of a T cell-intrinsic defect that is manifest during thymocyte
      development. Although c-Rel is not essential for TGF-beta conversion of
      peripheral CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells into CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells, it is required for
      optimal homeostatic expansion of peripheral T reg cells. Despite a lower number
      of peripheral T reg cells in c-rel(-/-) mice, the residual peripheral c-rel(-/-)
      T reg cells express normal levels of Foxp3, display a pattern of cell surface
      markers and gene expression similar to those of wild-type T reg cells, and
      effectively suppress effector T cell function in culture and in vivo.
      Collectively, our results indicate that c-Rel is important for both the thymic
      development and peripheral homeostatic proliferation of T reg cells.

PMID- 19995951
TI  - External antigen uptake by Langerhans cells with reorganization of epidermal
      tight junction barriers.
AB  - Outermost barriers are critical for terrestrial animals to avoid desiccation and
      to protect their bodies from foreign insults. Mammalian skin consists of two sets
      of barriers: stratum corneum (SC) and tight junctions (TJs). How acquisition of
      external antigens (Ags) by epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) occur despite these
      barriers has remained unknown. We show that activation-induced LCs elongate their
      dendrites to penetrate keratinocyte (KC) TJs and survey the extra-TJ environment
      located outside of the TJ barrier, just beneath the SC. Penetrated dendrites
      uptake Ags from the tip where Ags colocalize with langerin/Birbeck granules. TJs
      at KC-KC contacts allow penetration of LC dendrites by dynamically forming new
      claudin-dependent bicellular- and tricellulin-dependent tricellular TJs at LC-KC
      contacts, thereby maintaining TJ integrity during Ag uptake. Thus, covertly under
      keratinized SC barriers, LCs and KCs demonstrate remarkable cooperation that
      enables LCs to gain access to external Ags that have violated the SC barrier
      while concomitantly retaining TJ barriers to protect intra-TJ environment.

PMID- 19995952
TI  - Maternal TLR signaling is required for prenatal asthma protection by the
      nonpathogenic microbe Acinetobacter lwoffii F78.
AB  - The pre- and postnatal environment may represent a window of opportunity for
      allergy and asthma prevention, and the hygiene hypothesis implies that microbial
      agents may play an important role in this regard. Using the cowshed-derived
      bacterium Acinetobacter lwoffii F78 together with a mouse model of experimental
      allergic airway inflammation, this study investigated the hygiene hypothesis,
      maternal (prenatal) microbial exposure, and the involvement of Toll-like receptor
      (TLR) signaling in prenatal protection from asthma. Maternal intranasal exposure
      to A. lwoffii F78 protected against the development of experimental asthma in the
      progeny. Maternally, A. lwoffii F78 exposure resulted in a transient increase in
      lung and serum proinflammatory cytokine production and up-regulation of lung TLR
      messenger RNA. Conversely, suppression of TLRs was observed in placental tissue.
      To investigate further, the functional relevance of maternal TLR signaling was
      tested in TLR2/3/4/7/9(-/-) knockout mice. The asthma-preventive effect was
      completely abolished in heterozygous offspring from A. lwoffii F78-treated
      TLR2/3/4/7/9(-/-) homozygous mother mice. Furthermore, the mild local and
      systemic inflammatory response was also absent in these A. lwoffii F78-exposed
      mothers. These data establish a direct relationship between maternal bacterial
      exposures, functional maternal TLR signaling, and asthma protection in the
      progeny.

PMID- 19995953
TI  - Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from infants with MLL-AF4+ acute leukemia
      harbor and express the MLL-AF4 fusion gene.
AB  - MLL-AF4 fusion is a hallmark genetic abnormality in infant B-acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (B-ALL) known to arise in utero. The cellular origin of leukemic fusion
      genes during human development is difficult to ascertain. The bone marrow (BM)
      microenvironment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several
      hematological malignances. BM mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) from 38 children
      diagnosed with cytogenetically different acute leukemias were screened for
      leukemic fusion genes. Fusion genes were absent in BM-MSCs of childhood leukemias
      carrying TEL-AML1, BCR-ABL, AML1-ETO, MLL-AF9, MLL-AF10, MLL-ENL or
      hyperdiploidy. However, MLL-AF4 was detected and expressed in BM-MSCs from all
      cases of MLL-AF4(+) B-ALL. Unlike leukemic blasts, MLL-AF4(+) BM-MSCs did not
      display monoclonal Ig gene rearrangements. Endogenous or ectopic expression of
      MLL-AF4 exerted no effect on MSC culture homeostasis. These findings suggest that
      MSCs may be in part tumor-related, highlighting an unrecognized role of the BM
      milieu on the pathogenesis of MLL-AF4(+) B-ALL. MLL-AF4 itself is not sufficient
      for MSC transformation and the expression of MLL-AF4 in MSCs is compatible with a
      mesenchymal phenotype, suggesting a differential impact in the hematopoietic
      system and mesenchyme. The absence of monoclonal rearrangements in MLL-AF4(+) BM
      MSCs precludes the possibility of cellular plasticity or de-differentiation of B
      ALL blasts and suggests that MLL-AF4 might arise in a population of
      prehematopoietic precursors.

PMID- 19995954
TI  - Soothing signals: transplacental transmission of resistance to asthma and
      allergy.
AB  - The progressive rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases since the 1970s is
      widely attributed to diminished exposure to microbial stimuli, resulting in
      dysregulated immune functions during early life. Most studies investigating the
      mechanism behind this phenomenon have focused on postnatal microbial exposure.
      But emerging evidence suggests that such programming may also occur in the
      developing fetus as a result of microbial stimulation of the pregnant mother.

PMID- 19995955
TI  - Nfil3/E4bp4 is required for the development and maturation of NK cells in vivo.
AB  - Nuclear factor interleukin-3 (Nfil3; also known as E4-binding protein 4) is a
      basic region leucine zipper transcription factor that has antiapoptotic activity
      in vitro under conditions of growth factor withdrawal. To study the role of Nfil3
      in vivo, we generated gene-targeted Nfil3-deficient (Nfil3(-/-)) mice. Nfil3(-/-)
      mice were born at normal Mendelian frequency and were grossly normal and fertile.
      Although numbers of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) T cells were normal
      in Nfil3(-/-) mice, a specific disruption in NK cell development resulted in
      severely reduced numbers of mature NK cells in the periphery. This defect was NK
      cell intrinsic in nature, leading to a failure to reject MHC class I-deficient
      cells in vivo and reductions in both interferon gamma production and cytolytic
      activity in vitro. Our results confirm the specific and essential requirement of
      Nfil3 for the development of cells of the NK lineage.

PMID- 19995956
TI  - MGL1 promotes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance by regulating
      7/4hi monocytes in obesity.
AB  - Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play a critical role in obesity-induced
      inflammation and insulin resistance. Distinct subtypes of ATMs have been
      identified that differentially express macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin 1
      (MGL1/CD301), a marker of alternatively activated macrophages. To evaluate if
      MGL1 is required for the anti-inflammatory function of resident (type 2) MGL1(+)
      ATMs, we examined the effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on inflammation and
      metabolism in Mgl1(-/-) mice. We found that Mgl1 is not required for the
      trafficking of type 2 ATMs to adipose tissue. Surprisingly, obese Mgl1(-/-) mice
      were protected from glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and steatosis
      despite having more visceral fat. This protection was caused by a significant
      decrease in inflammatory (type 1) CD11c(+) ATMs in the visceral adipose tissue of
      Mgl1(-/-) mice. MGL1 was expressed specifically in 7/4(hi) inflammatory monocytes
      in the blood and obese Mgl1(-/-) mice had lower levels of 7/4(hi) monocytes.
      Mgl1(-/-) monocytes had decreased half-life after adoptive transfer and
      demonstrated decreased adhesion to adipocytes indicating a role for MGL1 in the
      regulation of monocyte function. This study identifies MGL1 as a novel regulator
      of inflammatory monocyte trafficking to adipose tissue in response to DIO.

PMID- 19995957
TI  - Intestinal epithelial cell secretion of RELM-beta protects against
      gastrointestinal worm infection.
AB  - Th2 cells drive protective immunity against most parasitic helminths, but few
      mechanisms have been demonstrated that facilitate pathogen clearance. We show
      that IL-4 and IL-13 protect against intestinal lumen-dwelling worms primarily by
      inducing intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to differentiate into goblet cells
      that secrete resistin-like molecule (RELM) beta. RELM-beta is essential for
      normal spontaneous expulsion and IL-4-induced expulsion of Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which both live in the intestinal
      lumen, but it does not contribute to immunity against Trichinella spiralis, which
      lives within IEC. RELM-beta is nontoxic for H. polygyrus in vitro but directly
      inhibits the ability of worms to feed on host tissues during infection. This
      decreases H. polygyrus adenosine triphosphate content and fecundity. Importantly,
      RELM-beta-driven immunity does not require T or B cells, alternative macrophage
      activation, or increased gut permeability. Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanism
      for host protection at the mucosal interface that explains how stimulation of
      epithelial cells by IL-4 and IL-13 contributes to protection against parasitic
      helminthes that dwell in the intestinal lumen.

PMID- 19995958
TI  - Interleukin (IL)-23 mediates Toxoplasma gondii-induced immunopathology in the gut
      via matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and IL-22 but independent of IL-17.
AB  - Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small
      intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in
      ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23-mediated gelatinase A
      (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected mice.
      MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase
      blockage protected mice from the development of T. gondii-induced
      immunopathology. Moreover, IL-23-dependent up-regulation of IL-22 was essential
      for the development of ileitis, whereas IL-17 was down-regulated and dispensable.
      CD4(+) T cells were the main source of IL-22 in the small intestinal lamina
      propria. Thus, IL-23 regulates small intestinal inflammation via IL-22 but
      independent of IL-17. Gelatinases may be useful targets for treatment of
      intestinal inflammation.

PMID- 19995959
TI  - Distinct and complementary functions of MDA5 and TLR3 in poly(I:C)-mediated
      activation of mouse NK cells.
AB  - The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analogue poly(I:C) is a promising adjuvant for
      cancer vaccines because it activates both dendritic cells (DCs) and natural
      killer (NK) cells, concurrently promoting adaptive and innate anticancer
      responses. Poly(I:C) acts through two dsRNA sensors, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)
      and melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA5). Here, we investigated
      the relative contributions of MDA5 and TLR3 to poly(I:C)-mediated NK cell
      activation using MDA5(-/-), TLR3(-/-), and MDA5(-/-)TLR3(-/-) mice. MDA5 was
      crucial for NK cell activation, whereas TLR3 had a minor impact most evident in
      the absence of MDA5. MDA5 and TLR3 activated NK cells indirectly through
      accessory cells and induced the distinct stimulatory cytokines interferon-alpha
      and interleukin-12, respectively. To identify the relevant accessory cells in
      vivo, we generated bone marrow chimeras between either wild-type (WT) and MDA5(-/
      ) or WT and TLR3(-/-) mice. Interestingly, multiple accessory cells were
      implicated, with MDA5 acting primarily in stromal cells and TLR3 predominantly in
      hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, poly(I:C)-mediated NK cell activation was not
      notably impaired in mice lacking CD8alpha DCs, providing further evidence that
      poly(I:C) acts through diverse accessory cells rather than solely through DCs.
      These results demonstrate distinct yet complementary roles for MDA5 and TLR3 in
      poly(I:C)-mediated NK cell activation.

PMID- 19995960
TI  - Dietary branched chain amino acids ameliorate injury-induced cognitive
      impairment.
AB  - Neurological dysfunction caused by traumatic brain injury results in profound
      changes in net synaptic efficacy, leading to impaired cognition. Because
      excitability is directly controlled by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory
      activity, underlying mechanisms causing these changes were investigated using
      lateral fluid percussion brain injury in mice. Although injury-induced shifts in
      net synaptic efficacy were not accompanied by changes in hippocampal glutamate
      and GABA levels, significant reductions were seen in the concentration of
      branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are key precursors to de novo glutamate
      synthesis. Dietary consumption of BCAAs restored hippocampal BCAA concentrations
      to normal, reversed injury-induced shifts in net synaptic efficacy, and led to
      reinstatement of cognitive performance after concussive brain injury. All brain
      injured mice that consumed BCAAs demonstrated cognitive improvement with a
      simultaneous restoration in net synaptic efficacy. Posttraumatic changes in the
      expression of cytosolic branched chain aminotransferase, branched chain ketoacid
      dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and glutamic acid decarboxylase support a
      perturbation of BCAA and neurotransmitter metabolism. Ex vivo application of
      BCAAs to hippocampal slices from injured animals restored posttraumatic regional
      shifts in net synaptic efficacy as measured by field excitatory postsynaptic
      potentials. These results suggest that dietary BCAA intervention could promote
      cognitive improvement by restoring hippocampal function after a traumatic brain
      injury.

PMID- 19995962
TI  - Nickel-inducible lysis system in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
AB  - We designed and constructed a controllable inducing lysis system in Synechocystis
      sp. PCC 6803 to facilitate extracting lipids for biofuel production. Several
      bacteriophage-derived lysis genes were integrated into the genome and placed
      downstream of a nickel-inducible signal transduction system. We applied 3
      strategies: (i) directly using the phage lysis cassette, (ii) constitutively
      expressing endolysin genes while restricting holin genes, and (iii) combining
      lysis genes from different phages. Significant autolysis was induced in the
      Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells with this system by the addition of NiSO(4). Our
      inducible cyanobacterial lysing system eliminates the need for mechanical or
      chemical cell breakage and could facilitate recovery of biofuel from
      cyanobacteria.

PMID- 19995961
TI  - Unbiased probing of the entire hepatitis C virus life cycle identifies clinical
      compounds that target multiple aspects of the infection.
AB  - Over 170 million people are chronically infected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV)
      and at risk for dying from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current
      therapy is expensive, associated with significant side effects, and often
      ineffective. Discovery of antiviral compounds against HCV traditionally involves
      a priori target identification followed by biochemical screening and confirmation
      in cell-based replicon assays. Typically, this results in the discovery of
      compounds that address a few predetermined targets and are prone to select for
      escape variants. To attempt to identify antiviral compounds with broad target
      specificity, we developed an unbiased cell-based screening system involving
      multiple rounds of infection in a 96-well format. Analysis of a publicly
      available library of 446 clinically approved drugs identified 33 compounds that
      targeted both known and previously unexplored aspects of HCV infection, including
      entry, replication, and assembly. Discovery of novel viral and cellular targets
      in this manner will broaden the therapeutic armamentarium against this virus,
      allowing for the development of drug mixtures that should reduce the likelihood
      of mutational escape.

PMID- 19995963
TI  - Quantum entanglement beyond Gaussian criteria.
AB  - Most of the attention given to continuous variable systems for quantum
      information processing has traditionally been focused on Gaussian states.
      However, non-Gaussianity is an essential requirement for universal quantum
      computation and entanglement distillation, and can improve the efficiency of
      other quantum information tasks. Here we report the experimental observation of
      genuine non-Gaussian entanglement using spatially entangled photon pairs. The
      quantum correlations are invisible to all second-order tests, which identify only
      Gaussian entanglement, and are revealed only under application of a higher-order
      entanglement criterion. Thus, the photons exhibit a variety of entanglement that
      cannot be reproduced by Gaussian states.

PMID- 19995964
TI  - Oil sands development contributes polycyclic aromatic compounds to the Athabasca
      River and its tributaries.
AB  - For over a decade, the contribution of oil sands mining and processing to the
      pollution of the Athabasca River has been controversial. We show that the oil
      sands development is a greater source of contamination than previously realized.
      In 2008, within 50 km of oil sands upgrading facilities, the loading to the
      snowpack of airborne particulates was 11,400 T over 4 months and included 391 kg
      of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), equivalent to 600 T of bitumen, while 168
      kg of dissolved PAC was also deposited. Dissolved PAC concentrations in
      tributaries to the Athabasca increased from 0.009 microg/L upstream of oil sands
      development to 0.023 microg/L in winter and to 0.202 microg/L in summer
      downstream. In the Athabasca, dissolved PAC concentrations were mostly <0.025
      microg/L in winter and 0.030 microg/L in summer, except near oil sands upgrading
      facilities and tailings ponds in winter (0.031-0.083 microg/L) and downstream of
      new development in summer (0.063-0.135 microg/L). In the Athabasca and its
      tributaries, development within the past 2 years was related to elevated
      dissolved PAC concentrations that were likely toxic to fish embryos. In melted
      snow, dissolved PAC concentrations were up to 4.8 microg/L, thus, spring snowmelt
      and washout during rain events are important unknowns. These results indicate
      that major changes are needed to the way that environmental impacts of oil sands
      development are monitored and managed.

PMID- 19995965
TI  - Highly conductive paper for energy-storage devices.
AB  - Paper, invented more than 2,000 years ago and widely used today in our everyday
      lives, is explored in this study as a platform for energy-storage devices by
      integration with 1D nanomaterials. Here, we show that commercially available
      paper can be made highly conductive with a sheet resistance as low as 1 ohm per
      square (Omega/sq) by using simple solution processes to achieve conformal coating
      of single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) and silver nanowire films. Compared with
      plastics, paper substrates can dramatically improve film adhesion, greatly
      simplify the coating process, and significantly lower the cost. Supercapacitors
      based on CNT-conductive paper show excellent performance. When only CNT mass is
      considered, a specific capacitance of 200 F/g, a specific energy of 30-47 Watt
      hour/kilogram (Wh/kg), a specific power of 200,000 W/kg, and a stable cycling
      life over 40,000 cycles are achieved. These values are much better than those of
      devices on other flat substrates, such as plastics. Even in a case in which the
      weight of all of the dead components is considered, a specific energy of 7.5
      Wh/kg is achieved. In addition, this conductive paper can be used as an excellent
      lightweight current collector in lithium-ion batteries to replace the existing
      metallic counterparts. This work suggests that our conductive paper can be a
      highly scalable and low-cost solution for high-performance energy storage
      devices.

PMID- 19995966
TI  - Interplay between the Smc5/6 complex and the Mph1 helicase in recombinational
      repair.
AB  - The evolutionarily conserved Smc5/6 complex is implicated in recombinational
      repair, but its function in this process has been elusive. Here we report that
      the budding yeast Smc5/6 complex directly binds to the DNA helicase Mph1. Mph1
      and its helicase activity define a replication-associated recombination
      subpathway. We show that this pathway is toxic when the Smc5/6 complex is
      defective, because mph1Delta and its helicase mutations suppress multiple defects
      in mutants of the Smc5/6 complex, including their sensitivity to replication
      blocking agents, growth defects, and inefficient chromatid separation, whereas
      MPH1 overexpression exacerbates some of these defects. We further demonstrate
      that Mph1 and its helicase activity are largely responsible for the accumulation
      of potentially deleterious recombination intermediates in mutants of the Smc5/6
      complex. We also present evidence that mph1Delta does not alleviate sensitivity
      to DNA damage or the accumulation of recombination intermediates in cells lacking
      Sgs1, which is thought to function together with the Smc5/6 complex. Thus, our
      results reveal a function of the Smc5/6 complex in the Mph1-dependent
      recombinational subpathway that is distinct from Sgs1. We suggest that the Smc5/6
      complex can counteract/modulate a pro-recombinogenic function of Mph1 or
      facilitate the resolution of recombination structures generated by Mph1.

PMID- 19995967
TI  - Mitosomes in Entamoeba histolytica contain a sulfate activation pathway.
AB  - Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes are mitochondrion-related organelles in
      anaerobic/microaerophilic eukaryotes with highly reduced and divergent functions.
      The full diversity of their content and function, however, has not been fully
      determined. To understand the central role of mitosomes in Entamoeba histolytica,
      a parasitic protozoon that causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses, we
      examined the proteomic profile of purified mitosomes. Using 2 discontinuous
      Percoll gradient centrifugation and MS analysis, we identified 95 putative
      mitosomal proteins. Immunofluorescence assay showed that 3 proteins involved in
      sulfate activation, ATP sulfurylase, APS kinase, and inorganic pyrophosphatase,
      as well as sodium/sulfate symporter, involved in sulfate uptake, were
      compartmentalized to mitosomes. We have also provided biochemical evidence that
      activated sulfate derivatives, adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate and 3'
      phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, were produced in mitosomes. Phylogenetic
      analysis showed that the aforementioned proteins and chaperones have distinct
      origins, suggesting the mosaic character of mitosomes in E. histolytica
      consisting of proteins derived from alpha-proteobacterial, delta-proteobacterial,
      and ancestral eukaryotic origins. These results suggest that sulfate activation
      is the major function of mitosomes in E. histolytica and that E. histolytica
      mitosomes represent a unique mitochondrion-related organelle with remarkable
      diversity.

PMID- 19995968
TI  - Adaptive strategies of the influenza virus polymerase for replication in humans.
AB  - Transmission of influenza viruses into the human population requires surmounting
      barriers to cross-species infection. Changes in the influenza polymerase overcome
      one such barrier. Viruses isolated from birds generally contain polymerases with
      the avian-signature glutamic acid at amino acid 627 in the PB2 subunit. These
      polymerases display restricted activity in human cells. An adaptive change in
      this residue from glutamic acid to the human-signature lysine confers high levels
      of polymerase activity in human cells. This mutation permits escape from a
      species-specific restriction factor that targets polymerases from avian viruses.
      A 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus recently established a pandemic
      infection in humans, even though the virus encodes a PB2 with the restrictive
      glutamic acid at amino acid 627. We show here that the 2009 H1N1 virus has
      acquired second-site suppressor mutations in its PB2 polymerase subunit that
      convey enhanced polymerase activity in human cells. Introduction of this
      polymorphism into the PB2 subunit of a primary avian isolate also increased
      polymerase activity and viral replication in human and porcine cells. An
      alternate adaptive strategy has also been identified, whereby introduction of a
      human PA subunit into an avian polymerase overcomes restriction in human cells.
      These data reveal a strategy used by the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus and identify
      other pathways by which avian and swine-origin viruses may evolve to enhance
      replication, and potentially pathogenesis, in humans.

PMID- 19995969
TI  - Inhalation exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer
      risk of Chinese population.
AB  - An Euler atmospheric transport model (Canadian Model for Environmental Transport
      of Organochlorine Pesticides, CanMETOP) was applied and validated to estimate
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) ambient air concentrations at ground level
      in China based on a high-resolution emission inventory. The results were used to
      evaluate lung cancer risk for the Chinese population caused by inhalation
      exposure to PAHs. The uncertainties of the transport model, exposure, and risk
      analysis were assessed by using Monte Carlo simulation, taking into consideration
      the variation in PAH emission, aerosol and OH radical concentrations, dry
      deposition, respiration rate, and genetic susceptibility. The average
      benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (B[a]P(eq)) was 2.43 [ approximately 1.29
      4.50 as interquartile range (IR)] ng/m(3). The population-weighted B[a]P(eq) was
      7.64 (IR, approximately 4.05-14.1) ng/m(3) because of the spatial overlap of the
      emissions and population density. It was estimated that 5.8% (IR, approximately
      2.0-11%) of China's land area, where 30% (IR, approximately 17-43%) of the
      population lives, exceeded the national ambient B[a]P(eq) standard of 10 ng/m(3).
      Taking into consideration the variation in exposure concentration, respiration
      rate, and susceptibility, the overall population attributable fraction (PAF) for
      lung cancer caused by inhalation exposure to PAHs was 1.6% (IR, approximately
      0.91-2.6%), corresponding to an excess annual lung cancer incidence rate of 0.65
      x 10(-5). Although the spatial variability was high, the lung cancer risk in
      eastern China was higher than in western China, and populations in major cities
      had a higher risk of lung cancer than rural areas. An extremely high PAF of >44%
      was estimated in isolated locations near small-scale coke oven operations.

PMID- 19995970
TI  - Systemic anti-VEGF treatment strongly reduces skin inflammation in a mouse model
      of psoriasis.
AB  - Although(,) vascular remodeling is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory
      disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and
      psoriasis, anti-vascular strategies to treat these conditions have received
      little attention to date. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of
      systemic blockade of VEGF-A by the inhibitory monoclonal antibody G6-31,
      employing a therapeutic trial in a mouse model of psoriasis. Simultaneous
      deletion of JunB and c-Jun (DKO*) in the epidermis of adult mice leads to a
      psoriasis-like phenotype with hyper- and parakeratosis and increased subepidermal
      vascularization. Moreover, an inflammatory infiltrate and elevated levels of
      cytokines/chemokines including TNFalpha, IL-1alpha/beta, IL-6, and the innate
      immune mediators IL-22, IL-23, IL-23R, and IL-12p40 are detected. Here we show
      that anti-VEGF antibody treatment of mice already displaying disease symptoms
      resulted in an overall improvement of the psoriatic lesions leading to a
      reduction in the number of blood vessels and a significant decrease in the size
      of dermal blood and lymphatic vessels. Importantly, anti-VEGF-treated mice showed
      a pronounced reduction of inflammatory cells within the dermis and a
      normalization of epidermal differentiation. These results demonstrate that
      systemic blockade of VEGF by an inhibitory antibody might be used to treat
      patients who have inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis.

PMID- 19995971
TI  - The evolutionary significance of costly punishment is still to be demonstrated.

PMID- 19995972
TI  - Global sea level linked to global temperature.
AB  - We propose a simple relationship linking global sea-level variations on time
      scales of decades to centuries to global mean temperature. This relationship is
      tested on synthetic data from a global climate model for the past millennium and
      the next century. When applied to observed data of sea level and temperature for
      1880-2000, and taking into account known anthropogenic hydrologic contributions
      to sea level, the correlation is >0.99, explaining 98% of the variance. For
      future global temperature scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
      Change's Fourth Assessment Report, the relationship projects a sea-level rise
      ranging from 75 to 190 cm for the period 1990-2100.

PMID- 19995973
TI  - Rapid beta-lactam-induced lysis requires successful assembly of the cell division
      machinery.
AB  - Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) involved in
      peptidoglycan synthesis. Although inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis is
      generally thought to induce cell lysis, the pattern and mechanism of cell lysis
      can vary substantially. Beta-lactams that inhibit FtsI, the only division
      specific PBP, block cell division and result in growth as filaments. These
      filaments ultimately lyse through a poorly understood mechanism. Here we find
      that one such beta-lactam, cephalexin, can, under certain conditions, lead
      instead to rapid lysis at nascent division sites through a process that requires
      the complete and ordered assembly of the divisome, the essential machinery
      involved in cell division. We propose that this assembly process (in which the
      localization of cell wall hydrolases depends on properly targeted FtsN, which in
      turn depends on the presence of FtsI) ensures that the biosynthetic machinery to
      form new septa is in place before the machinery to degrade septated daughter
      cells is enabled. Beta-lactams that target FtsI subvert this mechanism by
      inhibiting FtsI without perturbing the normal assembly of the cell division
      machinery and the consequent activation of cell wall hydrolases. One seemingly
      paradoxical implication of our results is that beta-lactam therapy may be
      improved by promoting active cell division.

PMID- 19995974
TI  - Imprint of denitrifying bacteria on the global terrestrial biosphere.
AB  - Loss of nitrogen (N) from land limits the uptake and storage of atmospheric CO(2)
      by the biosphere, influencing Earth's climate system and myriads of the global
      ecological functions and services on which humans rely. Nitrogen can be lost in
      both dissolved and gaseous phases; however, the partitioning of these vectors
      remains controversial. Particularly uncertain is whether the bacterial conversion
      of plant available N to gaseous forms (denitrification) plays a major role in
      structuring global N supplies in the nonagrarian centers of Earth. Here, we use
      the isotope composition of N ((15)N/(14)N) to constrain the transfer of this
      nutrient from the land to the water and atmosphere. We report that the integrated
      (15)N/(14)N of the natural terrestrial biosphere is elevated with respect to that
      of atmospheric N inputs. This cannot be explained by preferential loss of (14)N
      to waterways; rather, it reflects a history of low (15)N/(14)N gaseous N
      emissions to the atmosphere owing to denitrifying bacteria in the soil.
      Parameterizing a simple model with global N isotope data, we estimate that soil
      denitrification (including N(2)) accounts for approximately 1/3 of the total N
      lost from the unmanaged terrestrial biosphere. Applying this fraction to
      estimates of N inputs, N(2)O and NO(x) fluxes, we calculate that approximately 28
      Tg of N are lost annually via N(2) efflux from the natural soil. These results
      place isotopic constraints on the widely held belief that denitrifying bacteria
      account for a significant fraction of the missing N in the global N cycle.

PMID- 19995975
TI  - Label-free cellular manipulation and sorting via biocompatible ferrofluids.
AB  - We present a simple microfluidic platform that uses biocompatible ferrofluids for
      the controlled manipulation and rapid separation of both microparticles and live
      cells. This low-cost platform exploits differences in particle size, shape, and
      elasticity to achieve rapid and efficient separation. Using microspheres, we
      demonstrate size-based separation with 99% separation efficiency and sub-10
      microm resolution in <45 s. We also show continuous manipulation and shape-based
      separation of live red blood cells from sickle cells and bacteria. These initial
      demonstrations reveal the potential of ferromicrofluidics in significantly
      reducing incubation times and increasing diagnostic sensitivity in cellular
      assays through rapid separation and delivery of target cells to sensor arrays.

PMID- 19995976
TI  - Site-directed spin labeling of a genetically encoded unnatural amino acid.
AB  - The traditional site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) method, which utilizes
      cysteine residues and sulfhydryl-reactive nitroxide reagents, can be challenging
      for proteins that contain functionally important native cysteine residues or
      disulfide bonds. To make SDSL amenable to any protein, we introduce an orthogonal
      labeling strategy, i.e., one that does not rely on any of the functional groups
      found in the common 20 amino acids. In this method, the genetically encoded
      unnatural amino acid p-acetyl-L-phenylalanine (p-AcPhe) is reacted with a
      hydroxylamine reagent to generate a nitroxide side chain (K1). The utility of
      this scheme was demonstrated with seven mutants of T4 lysozyme, each containing a
      single p-AcPhe at a solvent-exposed helix site; the mutants were expressed in
      amounts qualitatively similar to the wild-type protein. In general, the EPR
      spectra of the resulting K1 mutants reflect higher nitroxide mobilities than the
      spectra of analogous mutants containing the more constrained disulfide-linked
      side chain (R1) commonly used in SDSL. Despite this increased flexibility, site
      dependence of the EPR spectra suggests that K1 will be a useful sensor of local
      structure and of conformational changes in solution. Distance measurements
      between pairs of K1 residues using double electron electron resonance (DEER)
      spectroscopy indicate that K1 will also be useful for distance mapping.

PMID- 19995977
TI  - 17-Beta-estradiol increases neuronal excitability through MAP kinase-induced
      calpain activation.
AB  - 17-Beta-estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone involved in numerous brain functions.
      E2 regulates synaptic plasticity in part by enhancing NMDA receptor function and
      spine density in the hippocampus, resulting in increased long-term potentiation
      and facilitation of learning and memory. As the calcium-dependent neutral
      protease, calpain, is also involved in these processes, we tested whether E2
      could activate calpain and examined the functional consequences of E2-mediated
      calpain activation in hippocampus. Calpain activity was analyzed by a
      fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay that allows both
      quantitative determination and spatial resolution. E2 rapidly activated calpain
      in cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons, prominently in dendrites and
      dendritic spines. E2-induced calpain activation was mediated through mitogen
      activated protein kinase (MAPK), as it was completely blocked by MEK inhibitors.
      It was also calcium-independent, as it was still evident in presence of the
      calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM. Activation of ERalpha and ERbeta receptors by
      specific agonists stimulated calpain activity. Finally, the rapid E2-mediated
      increase in excitability in acute hippocampal slices was prevented by a membrane
      permeable calpain inhibitor. Furthermore, E2 treatment of acute hippocampal
      slices resulted in increased actin polymerization and membrane levels of GluR1
      but not GluR2/3 subunits of AMPA receptors; both effects were also blocked by a
      calpain inhibitor. Our results indicate that E2 rapidly stimulates calpain
      activity through MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation, resulting in increased
      membrane levels of AMPA receptors. These effects could be responsible for E2
      mediated increase in neuronal excitability and facilitation of cognitive
      processes.

PMID- 19995978
TI  - Targeted lipidomics reveals mPGES-1-PGE2 as a therapeutic target for multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - The arachidonic acid (AA) cascade produces eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins
      (PGs), that regulate physiological and pathological functions. Although various
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed, blocking upstream
      components (cyclooxygenase-1 and -2) of the AA cascade leads to severe side
      effects, including gastrointestinal ulcers and cardiovascular events,
      respectively, due to the complexity of the AA cascade. Here, using an AA cascade
      targeted lipidomics approach, we report that microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES-1)
      plays a key role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Eicosanoids
      (mainly PGD(2)) are produced constitutively in the spinal cord of naive mice.
      However, in EAE lesions, the PGE(2) pathway is favored and the PGD(2), PGI(2),
      and 5-lipoxygenase pathways are attenuated. Furthermore, mPGES-1(-/-) mice showed
      less severe symptoms of EAE and lower production of IL-17 and IFN-gamma than
      mPGES-1(+/+) mice. Expression of PGE(2) receptors (EP1, EP2, and EP4) was
      elevated in EAE lesions and correlated with clinical symptoms.
      Immunohistochemistry on central nervous systems of EAE mice and multiple
      sclerosis (MS) patients revealed overt expression of mPGES-1 protein in
      microglia/macrophages. Thus, the mPGES-1-PGE(2)-EPs axis of the AA cascade may
      exacerbate EAE pathology. Our findings have important implications for the design
      of therapies for MS.

PMID- 19995979
TI  - Tipping elements in the Earth System.

PMID- 19995980
TI  - Deciding fate in adverse times: sporulation and competence in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Bacteria serve as the central arena for understanding how gene networks and
      proteins process information and control cellular behaviors. Recently, much
      effort has been devoted to the investigation of specific bacteria gene circuits
      as functioning modules. The next challenge is the integrative modeling of complex
      cellular networks composed of many such modules. A tractable integrative model of
      the sophisticated decision-making signal transduction system that determines the
      fate between sporulation and competence is presented. This model provides an
      understanding of how information is sensed and processed to reach an
      "informative" decision in the context of cell state and signals from other cells.
      The competence module (ComK dynamics) is modeled as a stochastic switch whose
      transition rate is controlled by a quorum-sensing unit. The sporulation module
      (Spo0A dynamics) is modeled as a timer whose clock rate is adjusted by a stress
      sensing unit. The interplay between these modules is mediated via the Rap
      assessment system, which gates the sensing units, and the AbrB-Rok decision
      module, which creates an opportunity for competence within a specific window of
      the sporulation timer. The timer is regulated via a special repressilator-like
      inhibition of Spo0A* by Spo0E, which is itself inhibited by AbrB. For some stress
      and input signals, this repressilator can generate a frustration state with large
      variations (fluctuations or oscillations) in Spo0A* and AbrB concentrations,
      which might serve an important role in generating cell variability. This
      integrative framework is a starting point that can be extended to include
      transition into cannibalism and the role of colony organization.

PMID- 19995981
TI  - Sensitivities of marine carbon fluxes to ocean change.
AB  - Throughout Earth's history, the oceans have played a dominant role in the climate
      system through the storage and transport of heat and the exchange of water and
      climate-relevant gases with the atmosphere. The ocean's heat capacity is
      approximately 1,000 times larger than that of the atmosphere, its content of
      reactive carbon more than 60 times larger. Through a variety of physical,
      chemical, and biological processes, the ocean acts as a driver of climate
      variability on time scales ranging from seasonal to interannual to decadal to
      glacial-interglacial. The same processes will also be involved in future
      responses of the ocean to global change. Here we assess the responses of the
      seawater carbonate system and of the ocean's physical and biological carbon pumps
      to (i) ocean warming and the associated changes in vertical mixing and
      overturning circulation, and (ii) ocean acidification and carbonation. Our
      analysis underscores that many of these responses have the potential for
      significant feedback to the climate system. Because several of the underlying
      processes are interlinked and nonlinear, the sign and magnitude of the ocean's
      carbon cycle feedback to climate change is yet unknown. Understanding these
      processes and their sensitivities to global change will be crucial to our ability
      to project future climate change.

PMID- 19995982
TI  - Mutation patterns in cancer genomes.
AB  - Recent large-scale cancer sequencing studies have focused primarily on
      identifying cancer-associated genes, but as an important byproduct provide
      "passenger mutation" data that can potentially illuminate the mutational
      mechanisms at work in cancer cells. Here, we explore patterns of nucleotide
      substitution in several cancer types using published data. We first show that
      selection (negative or positive) has affected only a small fraction of mutations,
      allowing us to attribute observed trends to underlying mutational processes
      rather than selection. We then show that the increased CpG mutation frequency
      observed in some cancers primarily occurs outside of CpG islands and CpG island
      shores, thus rejecting the hypothesis that the increase is a byproduct of island
      or shore methylation followed by deamination. We observe an A-->G vs. T-->C
      mutational asymmetry in some cancers similar to one that has been observed in
      germline mutations in transcribed regions, suggesting that the mutation process
      may be influenced by gene expression. We also demonstrate that the relative
      frequency of mutations at dinucleotide "hotspots" can be used as a tool to detect
      likely technical artifacts in large-scale studies.

PMID- 19995983
TI  - Target identification using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS).
AB  - Identifying the molecular targets for the beneficial or detrimental effects of
      small-molecule drugs is an important and currently unmet challenge. We have
      developed a method, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), which
      takes advantage of a reduction in the protease susceptibility of the target
      protein upon drug binding. DARTS is universally applicable because it requires no
      modification of the drug and is independent of the mechanism of drug action. We
      demonstrate use of DARTS to identify known small-molecule-protein interactions
      and to reveal the eukaryotic translation initiation machinery as a molecular
      target for the longevity-enhancing plant natural product resveratrol. We envisage
      that DARTS will also be useful in global mapping of protein-metabolite
      interaction networks and in label-free screening of unlimited varieties of
      compounds for development as molecular imaging agents.

PMID- 19995984
TI  - ChIP-Seq of transcription factors predicts absolute and differential gene
      expression in embryonic stem cells.
AB  - Next-generation sequencing has greatly increased the scope and the resolution of
      transcriptional regulation study. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and ChIP-Seq
      experiments are now generating comprehensive data on transcript abundance and on
      regulator-DNA interactions. We propose an approach for an integrated analysis of
      these data based on feature extraction of ChIP-Seq signals, principal component
      analysis, and regression-based component selection. Compared with traditional
      methods, our approach not only offers higher power in predicting gene expression
      from ChIP-Seq data but also provides a way to capture cooperation among
      regulators. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we find that a remarkably high
      proportion of variation in gene expression (65%) can be explained by the binding
      signals of 12 transcription factors (TFs). Two groups of TFs are identified.
      Whereas the first group (E2f1, Myc, Mycn, and Zfx) act as activators in general,
      the second group (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Smad1, Stat3, Tcfcp2l1, and Esrrb) may serve
      as either activator or repressor depending on the target. The two groups of TFs
      cooperate tightly to activate genes that are differentially up-regulated in ESCs.
      In the absence of binding by the first group, the binding of the second group is
      associated with genes that are repressed in ESCs and derepressed upon early
      differentiation.

PMID- 19995985
TI  - The diffusion of maize to the southwestern United States and its impact.
AB  - Our understanding of the initial period of agriculture in the southwestern United
      States has been transformed by recent discoveries that establish the presence of
      maize there by 2100 cal. B.C. (calibrated calendrical years before the Christian
      era) and document the processes by which it was integrated into local foraging
      economies. Here we review archaeological, paleoecological, linguistic, and
      genetic data to evaluate the hypothesis that Proto-Uto-Aztecan (PUA) farmers
      migrating from a homeland in Mesoamerica introduced maize agriculture to the
      region. We conclude that this hypothesis is untenable and that the available data
      indicate instead a Great Basin homeland for the PUA, the breakup of this speech
      community into northern and southern divisions approximately 6900 cal. B.C. and
      the dispersal of maize agriculture from Mesoamerica to the US Southwest via group
      to-group diffusion across a Southern Uto-Aztecan linguistic continuum.

PMID- 19995986
TI  - The glucose-responsive transcription factor ChREBP contributes to glucose
      dependent anabolic synthesis and cell proliferation.
AB  - Tumor cells are metabolically reprogrammed to fuel cell proliferation. Most
      transformed cells take up high levels of glucose and produce ATP through aerobic
      glycolysis. In cells exhibiting aerobic glycolysis, a significant fraction of
      glucose carbon is also directed into de novo lipogenesis and nucleotide
      biosynthesis. The glucose-responsive transcription factor carbohydrate responsive
      element binding protein (ChREBP) was previously shown to be important for
      redirecting glucose metabolism in support of lipogenesis in nonproliferating
      hepatocytes. However, whether it plays a more generalized role in reprogramming
      metabolism during cell proliferation has not been examined. Here, we demonstrated
      that the expression of ChREBP can be induced in response to mitogenic stimulation
      and that the induction of ChREBP is required for efficient cell proliferation.
      Suppression of ChREBP resulted in diminished aerobic glycolysis, de novo
      lipogenesis, and nucleotide biosynthesis, but stimulated mitochondrial
      respiration, suggesting a metabolic switch from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative
      phosphorylation. Cells in which ChREBP was suppressed by RNAi exhibited p53
      activation and cell cycle arrest. In vivo, suppression of ChREBP led to a p53
      dependent reduction in tumor growth. These results demonstrate that ChREBP plays
      a key role both in redirecting glucose metabolism to anabolic pathways and
      suppressing p53 activity.

PMID- 19995987
TI  - The structure of the membrane extrinsic region of bovine ATP synthase.
AB  - The structure of the complex between bovine mitochondrial F(1)-ATPase and a
      stator subcomplex has been determined at a resolution of 3.2 A. The resolved
      region of the stator contains residues 122-207 of subunit b; residues 5-25 and 35
      57 of F(6); 3 segments of subunit d from residues 30-40, 65-74, and 85-91; and
      residues 1-146 and 169-189 of the oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein
      (OSCP). The stator subcomplex represents its membrane distal part, and its
      structure has been augmented with an earlier structure of a subcomplex containing
      residues 79-183, 3-123, and 5-70 of subunits b, d, and F(6), respectively, which
      extends to the surface of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The N-terminal
      domain of the OSCP links the stator with F(1)-ATPase via alpha-helical
      interactions with the N-terminal region of subunit alpha(E). Its C-terminal
      domain makes extensive helix-helix interactions with the C-terminal alpha-helix
      of subunit b from residues 190-207. Subunit b extends as a continuous 160-A long
      alpha-helix from residue 188 back to residue 79 near to the surface of the inner
      mitochondrial membrane. This helix appears to be stiffened by other alpha-helices
      in subunits d and F(6), but the structure can bend inward toward the F(1) domain
      around residue 146 of subunit b. The linker region between the 2 domains of the
      OSCP also appears to be flexible, enabling the stator to adjust its shape as it
      passes over the changing profile of the F(1) domain during a catalytic cycle. The
      structure of the membrane extrinsic part of bovine ATP synthase is now complete.

PMID- 19995989
TI  - Introduction to the proceedings.

PMID- 19995988
TI  - Tbx4/5 gene duplication and the origin of vertebrate paired appendages.
AB  - Paired fins/limbs are one of the most successful vertebrate innovations, since
      they are used for numerous fundamental activities, including locomotion, feeding,
      and breeding. Gene duplication events generate new genes with the potential to
      acquire novel functions, and two rounds of genome duplication took place during
      vertebrate evolution. The cephalochordate amphioxus diverged from other chordates
      before these events and is widely used to deduce the functions of ancestral
      genes, present in single copy in amphioxus, compared to the functions of their
      duplicated vertebrate orthologues. The T-box genes Tbx5 and Tbx4 encode two
      closely related transcription factors that are the earliest factors required to
      initiate forelimb and hind limb outgrowth, respectively. Since the genetic
      components proposed to be responsible for acquiring a trait during evolution are
      likely to be involved in the formation of that same trait in living organisms, we
      investigated whether the duplication of an ancestral, single Tbx4/5 gene to give
      rise to distinct Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes has been instrumental in the acquisition of
      limbs during vertebrate evolution. We analyzed whether the amphioxus Tbx4/5 gene
      is able to initiate limb outgrowth, and assayed the amphioxus locus for the
      presence of limb-forming regulatory regions. We show that AmphiTbx4/5 is able to
      initiate limb outgrowth and, in contrast, that the genomic locus lacks the
      regulatory modules required for expression that would result in limb formation.
      We propose that changes at the level of Tbx5 and Tbx4 expression, rather than the
      generation of novel protein function, have been necessary for the acquisition of
      paired appendages during vertebrate evolution.

PMID- 19995990
TI  - Vascular calcification and ESRD: a hard target.
AB  - End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with both accelerated cardiovascular
      disease and alterations in vitamin D and mineral metabolism. Calcification of
      both coronary and extra-cardiac vessels is common in ESRD. Several studies
      suggest that vascular calcification is associated with coronary atherosclerosis,
      vascular wall stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy, and subsequent increased
      mortality, but it is not yet clear if vascular calcification is a direct cause of
      these changes or merely a marker of disease. Reviewed here is the current state
      of research on the biology and the significance of vascular calcification in
      ESRD, the role of vitamin D therapy in its development, and options for
      management.

PMID- 19995991
TI  - Optimal cardiovascular therapy for patients with ESRD over the next several
      years.
AB  - This review points out the high morbidity and mortality associated with
      cardiovascular disease in patients with ESRD. Although there have been few
      randomized controlled trials that have examined this clinical problem in the
      population of patients with ESRD, there is a growing appreciation of the
      presentations and consequences of cardiovascular disease in this cohort. The
      etiology of this disease is multifactorial and the consequences include sudden
      death, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The sudden death associated
      with ESRD has been linked to a progressive cardiac fibrosis that also accompanies
      left ventricular hypertrophy. Ischemic coronary disease is also common in this
      population. With regard to new therapy, efforts to control extracellular fluid
      volume and thereby control blood pressure are important. Two randomized trials
      have not shown the benefit of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      concentrations in patients with ESRD, but such a strategy is thought to be
      beneficial in patients with chronic kidney disease. Efforts to optimally control
      calcium and phosphate concentrations are also beneficial, because vessel
      calcification remains a major problem for ESRD patients. The increase in vessel
      calcification leads to an increase in arterial stiffness and an increase in pulse
      wave velocity, which, in turn, increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
      Additional recommendations are provided in this review including the use of
      erythrocyte stimulating agents, the cautious use of beta blockers with patients
      with a low ejection fraction systolic failure, and drugs that block the renin
      angiotensin-alderosterone system.

PMID- 19995992
TI  - Optimal preparation for ESRD.
AB  - Clinical guidelines for the care of patients with progressive chronic kidney
      disease (CKD) have been developed by a broad range of organizations within the
      kidney community. Despite consensus among these guidelines and significant effort
      on the part of federal agencies, voluntary health organizations, and professional
      groups, existing data suggest that much work remains to achieve acceptable levels
      of recommended care. Several small studies have described CKD interventions to
      improve outcomes, but there are few examples of large-scale attempts to improve
      CKD care in a systematic way. Southern California Kaiser Permanente has developed
      a population management approach to CKD in a health maintenance organization
      setting that has improved outcomes. The Indian Health Service, an agency of the
      Public Health Service that provides direct care to American Indians and Alaska
      Natives, has enhanced its diabetes care delivery system to address the renal
      complications of diabetes. This effort may explain a significant decrease in the
      incidence rate of ESRD among American Indians with diabetes. Because much of the
      burden of CKD falls on ethnic and racial groups with decreased access to care,
      enhancing CKD care in the primary setting may offer the best opportunity to
      improve outcomes. The National Kidney Disease Education Program in collaboration
      with community heath centers has developed a model to improve outcomes through
      application of the chronic care model to CKD management in primary settings that
      serve high-risk populations.

PMID- 19995993
TI  - The "right" of passage: surviving the first year of dialysis.
AB  - Mortality risk for dialysis patients is highest in the first year. We previously
      showed a 41% mortality benefit associated with a pilot case management program
      for incident hemodialysis patients (n = 918). The RightStart Program (RSP)
      provided prompt medical management and self-management education and was recently
      expanded to more facilities. We conducted a matched cohort analysis to validate
      the expanded program's continued effectiveness. Death risk was reduced for RS
      patients (n = 4308) versus matched controls (C; n = 4308) by 34% (hazard ratio =
      0.66, P < 0.0001) at 120 d and 22% at 1 yr (hazard ratio = 0.78, P < 0.0001). RS
      patients had lower hospitalization during the first year (RS = 15.5 days per
      patient year versus C = 16.9, P < 0.01). At 120 d, more RS patients achieved
      hemoglobin 11 to 12 g/dl (RS = 22.4% versus C = 19.7%, P < 0.01), eKt/V > or =
      1.2 (RS = 66% versus C = 53.5%, P < 0.01), albumin > or = 4.0 g/dl (RS = 26%
      versus C = 22%, P < 0.01), and phosphorus 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dl (RS = 52.4% versus C =
      45.4%). At 120 d, RS patients had a greater reduction in catheter use (RS = 32%
      versus C = 25%, P < 0.01) and more vitamin D orders (RS = 60% versus C = 55%, P <
      0.01). Expansion of RS to a larger incident patient population results in
      significant reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with improvement of
      intermediate outcomes.

PMID- 19995994
TI  - International hemodialysis patient outcomes comparisons revisited: the role of
      practice patterns and other factors.

PMID- 19995995
TI  - More intensive hemodialysis.
AB  - Clinical outcomes have not improved substantially for patients treated with
      conventional thrice weekly hemodialysis. More intensive hemodialysis regimens,
      including daily short dialysis, and nocturnal prolonged dialysis show promise to
      improve morbidity and mortality. Published studies and trials underway examining
      these therapies are reviewed.

PMID- 19995996
TI  - The future of peritoneal dialysis in the United States: optimizing its use.
AB  - Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used to treat patients with stage V chronic
      kidney disease since 1976. However, despite this long history, as of 2008 <8% of
      prevalent ESRD patients in the United States are treated with PD, a modality mix
      that is significantly different from what is seen in other developed countries.
      Data are reviewed that suggest that the reasons for this seem to be caused by non
      medical-related issues such as subtle differences in practice patterns and
      unintended financial considerations. Medical outcome date would seem to favor
      more utilization of PD. For instance, data from the USRDS suggested that the
      relative risk of death for PD versus center hemodialysis has been improving,
      tending to favor those on PD for longer and longer periods of time. Infectious
      complications have also been markedly reduced. It is anticipated that changes in
      government reimbursement, such as the bundling of dialysis-related services, will
      stimulate a renewed interest in home therapies. Currently most home dialysis
      units are small, and some have minimal clinical experience with PD. If trends in
      reimbursement do favor a renewed interest in PD, for patient outcomes on PD to
      continue to improve, there will likely need to be further educational activities
      focused on PD, and perhaps, consolidation of PD programs may needed.

PMID- 19995997
TI  - Technological advances in renal replacement therapy: five years and beyond.
AB  - The worldwide epidemic of chronic kidney disease shows no signs of abating in the
      near future. Current dialysis forms of renal replacement therapy (RRT), even
      though successful in sustaining life and improving quality of life somewhat for
      patients with ESRD, have many limitations that result in still unacceptably high
      morbidity and mortality. Transplantation is an excellent option but is limited by
      the scarcity of organs. An ideal form of RRT would mimic the functions of natural
      kidneys and be transparent to the patient, as well as affordable to society.
      Recent advances in technology, although generally in early stages of development,
      might achieve these goals. The application of nanotechnology, microfluidics,
      bioreactors with kidney cells, and miniaturized sorbent systems to regenerate
      dialysate makes clinical reality seem closer than ever before. Finally, stem
      cells hold much promise, both for kidney disease and as a source of tissues and
      organs. In summary, nephrology is at an exciting crossroad with the application
      of innovative and novel technologies to RRT that hold considerable promise for
      the near future.

PMID- 19995998
TI  - Reflections on the Boston Meeting from across the 49th Parallel.

PMID- 19995999
TI  - Conclusions, consensus, and directions for the future.

PMID- 19996000
TI  - The databases: renal replacement therapy since 1989--the European Renal
      Association and European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA).
AB  - Chronic kidney disease is now considered a public health priority, and the
      prevalence of this disease is approximately 10% in both North American and
      European countries. Such a phenomenon raises concern about the future increased
      incidence of ESRD. A recent analysis in the European Renal Association-European
      Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry shows that the incidence rates in
      Northern European countries have stabilized at approximately 110 per million
      people, a phenomenon that is associated with a parallel stabilization in the
      incidence of ESRD caused by diabetes. Such a stabilization has occurred in the
      face of an increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the general
      population, suggesting that this improvement may be the result of better
      prevention. Genetic factors, competing risks with other diseases, and other
      medical factors explain only in part the variability in the incidence of renal
      replacement therapy in European countries. Health care financing priorities have
      an obvious influence on the outcome of ESRD. Nonmedical factors seem to be of
      importance at least equal to that of medical factors. In this respect, Dialysis
      Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study Europe has revealed relevant differences in
      clinical policies that are related to ESRD treatment among European countries.

PMID- 19996001
TI  - The 1989 Dallas Conference on Morbidity and Mortality in Dialysis: what did we
      learn?

PMID- 19996002
TI  - Guidelines in the United kingdom and how they are used.
AB  - The main sources of guidelines in kidney disease in the United Kingdom are the
      National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the UK Renal
      Association, and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN). These
      groups now all adopt similar methods of guideline development, but implementation
      methods differ and also vary in their effectiveness. The structure of UK health
      care lends itself to an integrated implementation strategy, and the United
      Kingdom is almost unique in being able to introduce simultaneously related
      changes that aid implementation nationally, thereby enabling implementation
      locally. Use of these strategies is variable with possibly too much reliance on
      existing systems that deliver predictable suboptimal results and a failure to
      embed implementation strategies into routine organizational structure. The next
      steps for us in the United Kingdom are to use service improvement methods to
      improve and sustain consistently implementation of evidence-based practice.

PMID- 19996003
TI  - Did 20 years of technological innovations in hemodialysis contribute to better
      patient outcomes?
AB  - During the past two decades, impressive technological innovations have been
      introduced in the field of hemodialysis. This review analyzes whether these have
      been translated into better patient survival. The potential impacts of an
      increase in dialysis dosage, the preference of high-flux versus low-flux
      membranes, the choice between convection and diffusion as dialysis strategy, the
      chemical composition and biologic purity of dialysate, the effect of sodium,
      potassium, volume profiling, and the intradialytic volume monitoring aiming at
      improving hemodynamic stability are explored. Studies in which the dialysis
      dosage was increased were not associated with increased patient survival, whereas
      the superiority of high-flux over low-flux membranes is not convincingly
      demonstrated. Although strict evidence is lacking, observational data suggest an
      advantage of convective over pure diffusive strategies. Longer duration of the
      dialysis sessions and/or higher frequency of dialysis is probably beneficial, but
      the results of powerful randomized, controlled trials should be awaited. Sodium
      profiling has more disadvantages than advantages, whereas potassium profiling
      mainly in arrhythmia-prone patients with ventricular hypertrophy should be
      considered. Intradialytic blood volume monitoring has reduced intradialytic
      hypotension episodes, but hard evidence for improving patient survival is
      lacking. Overall, the major technological advances in dialysis have not yet been
      translated into longer patient survival. Optimal predialysis care in preventing
      the cardiovascular damage that accumulates before the start of dialysis and
      timely creation of an arteriovenous fistula as vascular access is a more
      effective and more economic strategy in the long-term outcome of the dialysis
      patient.

PMID- 19996004
TI  - Illustrating use of a clinical data system: the NMC-FMC system.

PMID- 19996005
TI  - Persistent inflammation as a catalyst for other risk factors in chronic kidney
      disease: a hypothesis proposal.
AB  - Because inflammation by now is a "traditional" finding that predicts poor outcome
      and cardiovascular events in the vast majority of patients with ESRD, it could be
      argued that inflammatory biomarkers should not longer be considered "novel" risk
      factors. In this review, we forward the hypothesis that, in addition to putative
      direct proatherogenic effects, persistent inflammation may serve as a catalyst
      and, in the toxic uremic milieu, modulate the effects of other concurrent
      vascular and nutritional risk factors. We discuss some recent observational
      studies, suggesting that the presence of persistent inflammation magnifies the
      risk for poor outcome via mechanisms related to self-enhancement of the
      inflammatory cascade and exacerbation of both the wasting and the vascular
      calcification processes. Because persistent inflammation may be the silent
      culprit of other commonly observed pathophysiologic alterations in chronic kidney
      disease, it is imperative that inflammatory markers be regularly monitored and
      therapeutic attempts be made to target persistent low-grade inflammation in this
      patient group.

PMID- 19996006
TI  - The state of chronic kidney disease, ESRD, and morbidity and mortality in the
      first year of dialysis.
AB  - This review examines trends in the ESRD program, assessing progress in preventive
      care, hospitalizations, and mortality since 1989, the year of the Dallas
      Morbidity and Mortality Conference. The number of prevalent dialysis patients
      nearly tripled, to 366,000 in 2007 from 123,000 in 1989. Prevalent population
      mortality rates declined in the mid-1980s but did not change overall through the
      1990s; rates declined for patients on dialysis for less than 5 yr but increased
      for patients on dialysis for longer than 5 yr. Death rates throughout the
      prevalent population have subsequently declined since 2000. In the incident
      dialysis population, death rates after the first year have declined, but first
      year rates have remained flat since 1996; rates peak in months 2 and 3, then
      decline to the level of the first month by 12 mo. Infectious hospitalization
      rates in the prevalent population increased 40% in the last 10 yr. For incident
      patients, infectious hospitalizations increased almost 100% over 10 yr, vascular
      access hospitalizations by 200%, and cardiovascular hospitalizations by 30%. Use
      of dialysis catheters is high; 82% of patients start dialysis with a catheter.
      Poor planning for dialysis initiation may contribute to catheter use and the
      associated high infectious hospitalization rate, limiting potential for improved
      patient survival during the first year. Public health programs, including the new
      Medicare chronic kidney disease education benefit, are needed to promote better
      care of patients who may need dialysis to reduce the high morbidity and mortality
      in the first year.

PMID- 19996007
TI  - Biochemistry and biomarkers of inflamed patients: why look, what to assess.
AB  - Specific laboratory tests and physical findings are available to the practicing
      clinician that should raise the suspicion of inflammation. Inflammation is
      related to specific clinical outcomes. Once identified, changes in clinical
      practice may affect the level of inflammation in individual and or groups of
      dialysis patients with the hope that these changes may in turn affect outcome in
      a positive manner. Standard clinical tests and observations associated with
      inflammation are hypoalbuminemia, erythropoietin resistance, decreased iron
      saturation accompanied by high ferritin, frailty, low serum creatinine, reduced
      total and LDL-cholesterol, and increased C reactive protein (CRP). Inflammation
      is strongly associated with loss of physical function, dyslipidemia (low LDL- and
      HDL-cholesterol, increased triglycerides), and anemia that is unresponsive to
      erythropoietin. Inflammation is associated with cardiovascular events, increased
      hospitalization, and death. Correctible causes of inflammation are tunneled
      dialysis catheters, arteriovenous grafts, catheter infection, periodontal
      disease, poor water quality, and dialyzer incompatibility. Obesity also is a
      source of cytokines but may be less amenable to treatment. Inflammation is
      multifactorial in dialysis patients. Some sources are recognizable and
      correctable, such as vascular access type, clinical infection, and water quality,
      and some are not. Inflammation is strongly associated with outcome.

PMID- 19996008
TI  - Given the science on malnutrition, how does the clinician respond? Practical
      lessons for and application to the dialysis patient.

PMID- 19996009
TI  - Cardiovascular problems on hemodialysis: current deficits and potential
      improvement.
AB  - High cardiovascular mortality is the major cause of reduced life expectancy of
      patients who are on hemodialysis. Classical risk factors cannot fully explain the
      magnitude of the risk. This article addresses some nontraditional approaches to
      deal with the excessive cardiovascular risk for patients who are on hemodialysis.

PMID- 19996010
TI  - Left ventricular mass in chronic kidney disease and ESRD.
AB  - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD, treated with conventional hemo- or
      peritoneal dialysis are both associated with a high prevalence of an increase in
      left ventricular mass (left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH]), intermyocardial cell
      fibrosis, and capillary loss. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the best way
      to detect and quantify these abnormalities, but M-Mode and 2-D echocardiography
      can also be used if one recognizes their pitfalls. The mechanisms underlying
      these abnormalities in CKD and ESRD are diverse but involve afterload (arterial
      pressure and compliance), preload (intravascular volume and anemia), and a wide
      variety of afterload/preload independent factors. The hemodynamic, metabolic,
      cellular, and molecular mediators of myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis,
      and capillary degeneration are increasingly well understood. These abnormalities
      predispose to sudden cardiac death, most likely by promotion of electrical
      instability and re-entry arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Current
      treatment modalities for CKD and ESRD, including thrice weekly conventional
      hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and metabolic and anemia management
      regimens, do not adequately prevent or correct these abnormalities. A new
      paradigm of therapy for CKD and ESRD that places prevention and reversal of LVH
      and cardiac fibrosis as a high priority is needed. This will require novel
      approaches to management and controlled interventional trials to provide evidence
      to fuel the transition from old to new treatment strategies. In the meantime, key
      management principles designed to ameliorate LVH and its complications should
      become a routine part of the care of the patients with CKD and ESRD.

PMID- 19996011
TI  - Hypertension goals in advanced-stage kidney disease.
AB  - Hypertension confers higher cardiovascular (CV) risks in hemodialysis (HD)
      patients. There are no data to guide the level to which BP should be reduced or
      when and where to measure BP in such patients. Unlike BP guidelines to reduce CV
      risk in the general population, no uniform guidelines address the HD patient.
      This article focuses on when and how to measure BP and efforts to quantify this
      measure in the HD-dependent patient. A U-shaped curve exists between BP level and
      mortality in HD patients, with higher mortality noted at lower levels of BP <120
      mmHg and levels >180 mmHg measured before HD. Previous studies examined risk
      reduction through evaluating BP readings from dialysis units. Peridialysis values
      were biased and, thus, less representative of risk. Newer studies using home BP
      and ambulatory BP during 24 h have provided a narrower range of BP values that
      may reduce CV risk but must be tested in a clinical trial. Ambulatory BP
      monitoring is a growing tool for hypertension evaluation along with changes in
      vascular compliance; however, these methods are mainly used in research settings.
      Home BP values on interdialytic days are practical and also demonstrate good
      correlations with ambulatory readings. Aggressive volume control seems key to
      maintaining good BP control. Once a valid time and measure for BP is agreed on, a
      clinical outcome trial is needed to test its utility.

PMID- 19996012
TI  - Is lipid control necessary in hemodialysis patients?
AB  - Although high serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels are predictive
      of cardiovascular diseases in the general population, this association is more
      complex in the dialysis patients. Two recent randomized trials failed to show
      significant beneficial effects of statins on the primary cardiovascular outcomes
      in these patients. The reasons for this lack of benefits are unclear. The
      postulates include the possibilities that LDL cholesterol is not important in
      atherogenesis and that atherosclerosis is not a major contributor to
      cardiovascular diseases in the dialysis population. It is important to note that
      high serum LDL cholesterol level is not a prominent feature of uremic
      dyslipidemia. Instead, the hallmark dyslipidemias in the dialysis population are
      hypertriglyceridemia as a result of the accumulation of lipoprotein remnant
      particles, low serum HDL cholesterol levels, high serum levels of lipoprotein(a)
      [Lp(a)], and the modification of LDL cholesterol by oxidation and carbamylation.
      In vitro and epidemiologic studies have further suggested that these abnormal
      lipoproteins or aberrant serum lipoprotein levels are atherogenic. More research
      efforts should be directed toward these dyslipidemic states and the multitude of
      other putative cardiovascular risk factors in dialysis patients.

PMID- 19996013
TI  - The INvestigation of STEnt Grafts in Aortic Dissection (INSTEAD) trial: the need
      for ongoing analysis.

PMID- 19996014
TI  - Human cardiac stem cells: the heart of a truth.

PMID- 19996015
TI  - Association of cyclooxygenase-1-dependent and -independent platelet function
      assays with adverse clinical outcomes in aspirin-treated patients presenting for
      cardiac catheterization.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Poor clinical outcome in aspirin-treated patients has been termed
      aspirin resistance and may result from inadequate inhibition of platelet
      cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) by aspirin. The objectives of this study were to
      determine prospectively whether COX-1-dependent and other platelet function
      assays correlate with clinical outcomes in aspirin-treated patients. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: Blood was collected before percutaneous coronary intervention from 700
      consecutive aspirin-treated (81 or 325 mg for > or =3 days) patients. Platelet
      function was tested by (1) serum thromboxane B(2); (2) arachidonic acid
      stimulated platelet surface P-selectin and activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and
      leukocyte-platelet aggregates; and (3) platelet function analyzer (PFA)-100
      collagen-epinephrine and collagen-ADP closure time (CT). Adverse clinical
      outcomes of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and major adverse
      cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction,
      hospitalization for revascularization, or acute coronary syndrome) were assessed
      by telephone interview and/or medical record review. Clinical outcomes
      information was obtained at 24.8+/-0.3 months after platelet function testing. By
      univariate analysis, COX-1-dependent assays, including serum thromboxane B(2)
      level, were not associated with adverse clinical outcomes, whereas the COX-1
      independent assay, PFA-100 collagen-ADP CT <65 seconds, was associated with major
      adverse cardiovascular events (P=0.0149). After adjustment for covariables
      (including sex, aspirin dose, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score,
      clopidogrel use), both serum thromboxane B(2) >3.1 ng/mL and PFA-100 collagen-ADP
      CT <65 seconds were associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. In
      contrast, indirect measures of platelet COX-1 (arachidonic acid-stimulated
      platelet markers, shortened PFA-100 collagen-epinephrine CT) were not
      significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes even after adjustment for
      covariables. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study of 700 aspirin-treated
      patients presenting for angiographic evaluation of coronary artery disease,
      residual platelet COX-1 function measured by serum thromboxane B(2) and COX-1
      independent platelet function measured by PFA-100 collagen-ADP CT, but not
      indirect COX-1-dependent assays (arachidonic acid-stimulated platelet markers,
      shortened PFA-100 collagen-epinephrine CT), correlate with subsequent major
      adverse cardiovascular events. This study suggests that multiple mechanisms,
      including but not confined to inadequate inhibition of COX-1, are responsible for
      poor clinical outcomes in aspirin-treated patients, and therefore the term
      aspirin resistance is inappropriate.

PMID- 19996016
TI  - Endothelial estrogen receptor-alpha plays a crucial role in the atheroprotective
      action of 17beta-estradiol in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The prevention of early atheroma by estrogens has been clearly
      demonstrated in all animal models and appears to be mediated through a direct
      action on the arterial wall rather than through an effect on the lipoprotein
      profile. The goal of the present study was to evaluate which cellular target is
      crucial in this beneficial action of estradiol. METHODS AND RESULTS: We first
      confirmed the key role of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) in the
      atheroprotective effect of estradiol, because this action was completely
      abolished in mice deficient in both the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)
      and ERalpha. Second, using chimeric mice with an ERalpha deficiency in the
      hematopoietic lineage, we showed the persistence of the protective action of
      estradiol, which suggests the involvement of extrahematopoietic ERalpha. Third,
      we showed that loxP-flanked ERalpha mice (ERalpha(flox/flox)) bred with Tie2
      Cre(+) mice on an LDLr(-/-) background had complete inactivation of ERalpha in
      most hematopoietic and all endothelial cells. Remarkably, in this mouse model,
      the atheroprotective effect of estradiol was completely abolished. Fourth, the
      atheroprotective effect of estradiol remained abolished in Tie2-Cre(+)
      ERalpha(flox/flox) LDLr(-/-) mice transplanted with either Tie2-Cre(+)
      ERalpha(flox/flox) or ERalpha(-/-) bone marrow, whereas it was present in
      analogous chimeric Tie2-Cre(-) ERalpha(flox/flox) LDLr(-/-) receivers expressing
      endothelial ERalpha. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate directly and for the first time
      that endothelial ERalpha represents a key target of the atheroprotective effect
      of estradiol, whereas hematopoietic ERalpha is dispensable. Selective estrogen
      receptor modulators that mimic the endothelial action of estradiol should now be
      considered in atheroprotection.

PMID- 19996017
TI  - Comparison of clinical presentations and outcomes between patients with TGFBR2
      and FBN1 mutations in Marfan syndrome and related disorders.
AB  - BACKGROUND: TGFBR2 mutations were recognized recently among patients with a
      Marfan-like phenotype. The associated clinical and prognostic spectra remain
      unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Clinical features and outcomes of 71 patients with
      a TGFBR2 mutation (TGFBR2 group) were compared with 50 age- and sex-matched
      unaffected family members (control subjects) and 243 patients harboring FBN1
      mutations (FBN1 group). Aortic dilatation was present in a similar proportion of
      patients in both the TGFBR2 and FBN1 groups (78% versus 79%, respectively) but
      was highly variable. The incidence and average age for thoracic aortic surgery
      (31% versus 27% and 35+/-16 versus 39+/-13 years, respectively) and aortic
      dissection (14% versus 10% and 38+/-12 versus 39+/-9 years) were also similar in
      the 2 groups. Mitral valve involvement (myxomatous, prolapse, mitral
      regurgitation) was less frequent in the TGFBR2 than in the FBN1 group (all
      P<0.05). Aortic dilatation, dissection, or sudden death was the index event
      leading to genetic diagnosis in 65% of families with TGFBR2 mutations, versus 32%
      with FBN1 mutations (P=0.002). The rate of death was greater in TGFBR2 families
      before diagnosis but similar once the disease had been recognized. Most
      pregnancies were uneventful (without death or aortic dissection) in both TGFBR2
      and FBN1 families (38 of 39 versus 213 of 217; P=1). Seven patients (10%) with a
      TGFBR2 mutation fulfilled international criteria for Marfan syndrome, 3 of whom
      presented with features specific for Loeys-Dietz syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical
      outcomes appear similar between treated patients with TGFBR2 mutations and
      individuals with FBN1 mutations. Prognosis depends on clinical disease expression
      and treatment rather than simply the presence of a TGFBR2 gene mutation.

PMID- 19996018
TI  - Randomized comparison of strategies for type B aortic dissection: the
      INvestigation of STEnt Grafts in Aortic Dissection (INSTEAD) trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) represents a novel
      concept for type B aortic dissection. Although life-saving in acute emergencies,
      outcomes and survival of TEVAR in stable dissection are unknown. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: One hundred forty patients in stable clinical condition at least 2 weeks
      after index dissection were randomly subjected to elective stent-graft placement
      in addition to optimal medical therapy (n=72) or to optimal medical therapy alone
      (n=68) with surveillance (arterial pressure according to World Health
      Organization guidelines < or =120/80 mm Hg). The primary end point was all-cause
      death at 2 years, whereas aorta-related death, progression (with need for
      conversion or additional endovascular or open surgery), and aortic remodeling
      were secondary end points. There was no difference in all-cause deaths, with a 2
      year cumulative survival rate of 95.6+/-2.5% with optimal medical therapy versus
      88.9+/-3.7% with TEVAR (P=0.15); the trial, however, turned out to be
      underpowered. Moreover, the aorta-related death rate was not different (P=0.44),
      and the risk for the combined end point of aorta-related death (rupture) and
      progression (including conversion or additional endovascular or open surgery) was
      similar (P=0.65). Three neurological adverse events occurred in the TEVAR group
      (1 paraplegia, 1 stroke, and 1 transient paraparesis), versus 1 case of
      paraparesis with medical treatment. Finally, aortic remodeling (with true-lumen
      recovery and thoracic false-lumen thrombosis) occurred in 91.3% of patients with
      TEVAR versus 19.4% of those who received medical treatment (P<0.001), which
      suggests ongoing aortic remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: In the first randomized study on
      elective stent-graft placement in survivors of uncomplicated type B aortic
      dissection, TEVAR failed to improve 2-year survival and adverse event rates
      despite favorable aortic remodeling.

PMID- 19996020
TI  - Images in cardiovascular medicine. Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery
      from pulmonary artery with ostial stenosis.

PMID- 19996019
TI  - Patient characteristics and cell source determine the number of isolated human
      cardiac progenitor cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The identification and isolation of human cardiac progenitor cells
      (hCPCs) offer new approaches for myocardial regeneration and repair. Still, the
      optimal source of human cardiac progenitor cells and the influence of patient
      characteristics on their number remain unclear. Using a novel method to isolate
      human cardiac progenitor cells, we aimed to define the optimal source and
      association between their number and patient characteristics. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: We developed a novel isolation method that produced viable cells (7 x
      10(6)+/-6.53 x 10(5)/g) from various tissue samples obtained during heart surgery
      or endomyocardial biopsies (113 samples from 94 patients 23 to 80 years of age).
      The isolated cardiac cells were grown in culture with a stem cell expansion
      medium. According to fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, cultured cells
      derived from the right atrium generated higher amounts of c-kit(+) (24+/-2.5%)
      and Islet-1(+) cells (7%) in culture (mean of passages 1, 2, and 3) than did
      cultured cells from the left atrium (7.3+/-3.5%), right ventricle (4.1+/-1.6%),
      and left ventricle (9.7+/-3%; P=0.001). According to multivariable analysis, the
      right atrium as the cell source and female sex were associated with a higher
      number of c-kit(+) cells. There was no overlap between c-kit(+) and Islet-1
      expression. In vitro assays of differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and
      myogenic lineage showed that the isolated human cardiac progenitor cells were
      multipotent. Finally, the cells were transplanted into infarcted myocardium of
      rats and generated myocardial grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the
      right atrium is the best source for c-kit(+) and Islet-1 progenitors, with higher
      percentages of c-kit(+) cells being produced by women.

PMID- 19996021
TI  - Letter by Naeije and Melot regarding article, "Exercise-induced pulmonary
      arterial hypertension".

PMID- 19996024
TI  - Hyperintense plaque with noncontrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance coronary
      plaque imaging leading to acute coronary syndrome.

PMID- 19996023
TI  - Biomedical informatics and outcomes research: enabling knowledge-driven health
      care.

PMID- 19996025
TI  - Weighing options for cancer risk reduction in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2
      mutations.

PMID- 19996027
TI  - Patient comorbidities and behaviour once diagnosed are major contributors to
      disparities in cancer health outcomes.

PMID- 19996028
TI  - Association of BRCA1 mutations with occult primary ovarian insufficiency: a
      possible explanation for the link between infertility and breast/ovarian cancer
      risks.
AB  - PURPOSE: Germline mutations in BRCA genes are associated with breast and ovarian
      cancer susceptibility. Because infertility is associated with breast and ovarian
      cancer risks, we hypothesized that the mutations in the BRCA gene may be
      associated with low response to fertility treatments. METHODS: We performed
      ovarian stimulation in 126 women with breast cancer by using letrozole and
      gonadotropins for the purpose of fertility preservation by embryo or oocyte
      cryopreservation. As surrogates of ovarian reserve, the oocyte yield and the
      incidence of low response were compared with ovarian stimulation according to
      BRCA mutation status. RESULTS: Of the 82 women who met the inclusion criteria, 47
      women (57%) had undergone BRCA testing, and 14 had a mutation in BRCA genes, of
      which two were of clinically undetermined significance. In BRCA mutation-positive
      patients, low ovarian response rate was significantly higher compared with BRCA
      mutation-negative patients (33.3 v 3.3%; P = .014) and with BRCA-untested women
      (2.9%; P = .012). All BRCA mutation-positive low responders had BRCA1 mutations,
      but low response was not encountered in women who were only BRCA2 mutation
      positive. Compared with controls, BRCA1 mutation- but not BRCA2 mutation-positive
      women produced lower numbers of eggs (7.4 [95% CI, 3.1 to 17.7] v 12.4 [95% CI,
      10.8 to 14.2]; P = .025) and had as many as 38.3 times the odds ratio of low
      response (95% CI, 4.1 to 353.4; P = .001). CONCLUSION: BRCA1 mutations are
      associated with occult primary ovarian insufficiency. This finding may, at least
      in part, explain the link between infertility and breast/ovarian cancer risks.

PMID- 19996029
TI  - Male breast cancer: a population-based comparison with female breast cancer.
AB  - PURPOSE: Because of its rarity, male breast cancer is often compared with female
      breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To compare and contrast male and female
      breast cancers, we obtained case and population data from the National Cancer
      Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for breast
      cancers diagnosed from 1973 through 2005. Standard descriptive epidemiology was
      supplemented with age-period-cohort models and breast cancer survival analyses.
      RESULTS: Of all breast cancers, men with breast cancer make up less than 1%. Male
      compared with female breast cancers occurred later in life with higher stage,
      lower grade, and more estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Recent breast cancer
      incidence and mortality rates declined over time for men and women, but these
      trends were greater for women than for men. Comparing patients diagnosed from
      1996 through 2005 versus 1976 through 1985, and adjusting for age, stage, and
      grade, cause-specific hazard rates for breast cancer death declined by 28% among
      men (P = .03) and by 42% among women (P approximately 0). CONCLUSION: There were
      three intriguing results. Age-specific incidence patterns showed that the biology
      of male breast cancer resembled that of late-onset female breast cancer. Similar
      breast cancer incidence trends among men and women suggested that there are
      common breast cancer risk factors that affect both sexes, especially estrogen
      receptor-positive breast cancer. Finally, breast cancer mortality and survival
      rates have improved significantly over time for both male and female breast
      cancer, but progress for men has lagged behind that for women.

PMID- 19996030
TI  - Are gold standard depression measures appropriate for use in geriatric cancer
      patients? A systematic evaluation of self-report depression instruments used with
      geriatric, cancer, and geriatric cancer samples.
AB  - PURPOSE: Geriatric issues in cancer are becoming prominent. Depression is a
      significant concern for both the elderly and patients with cancer, yet
      identifying depression in these patients is difficult and often leads to under
      recognition. We conducted a systematic review to determine which depression
      instruments are appropriate for use in geriatric patients with cancer. METHODS:
      We identified the most commonly used self-report depression instruments. We then
      used the criteria established in the US Food and Drug Administration Draft
      Guidance on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to determine the extent of
      validation evidence of these measures in geriatric cancer populations. Finally,
      we determined which instruments captured depressive symptoms that are common
      among elderly patients with cancer. RESULTS: Eight measures were selected as the
      most commonly used instruments. These were the Beck Depression Inventory-II,
      Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale,
      Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Patient
      Health Questionnaire-9, Profile of Mood States-Short Form, and Zung Self-Rating
      Depression Scale. Many have been validated for use with geriatric adults and
      patients with cancer; however, data addressing content validity and responder
      definition were lacking. To date, there is no validation information for
      geriatric patients with cancer. Furthermore, symptom profile analysis revealed
      that these measures do not identify many symptoms signaling depression in
      geriatric patients with cancer. CONCLUSION: The validation evidence for use of
      common depression instruments in geriatric patients with cancer is lacking. This,
      and the possibility that these measures may not assess common depressive symptoms
      in geriatric patients with cancer, questions the adequacy of these scales in this
      population.

PMID- 19996031
TI  - Survival analysis of cancer risk reduction strategies for BRCA1/2 mutation
      carriers.
AB  - PURPOSE: Women with BRCA1/2 mutations inherit high risks of breast and ovarian
      cancer; options to reduce cancer mortality include prophylactic surgery or breast
      screening, but their efficacy has never been empirically compared. We used
      decision analysis to simulate risk-reducing strategies in BRCA1/2 mutation
      carriers and to compare resulting survival probability and causes of death.
      METHODS: We developed a Monte Carlo model of breast screening with annual
      mammography plus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from ages 25 to 69 years,
      prophylactic mastectomy (PM) at various ages, and/or prophylactic oophorectomy
      (PO) at ages 40 or 50 years in 25-year-old BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. RESULTS:
      With no intervention, survival probability by age 70 is 53% for BRCA1 and 71% for
      BRCA2 mutation carriers. The most effective single intervention for BRCA1
      mutation carriers is PO at age 40, yielding a 15% absolute survival gain; for
      BRCA2 mutation carriers, the most effective single intervention is PM, yielding a
      7% survival gain if performed at age 40 years. The combination of PM and PO at
      age 40 improves survival more than any single intervention, yielding 24% survival
      gain for BRCA1 and 11% for BRCA2 mutation carriers. PM at age 25 instead of age
      40 offers minimal incremental benefit (1% to 2%); substituting screening for PM
      yields a similarly minimal decrement in survival (2% to 3%). CONCLUSION: Although
      PM at age 25 plus PO at age 40 years maximizes survival probability, substituting
      mammography plus MRI screening for PM seems to offer comparable survival. These
      results may guide women with BRCA1/2 mutations in their choices between
      prophylactic surgery and breast screening.

PMID- 19996032
TI  - The Virgin of the Rocks.

PMID- 19996033
TI  - Gene-environment interactions: biologically valid pathway or artifact?

PMID- 19996034
TI  - Functional neuroanatomy of visual masking deficits in schizophrenia.
AB  - CONTEXT: Visual masking procedures assess the earliest stages of visual
      processing. Patients with schizophrenia reliably show deficits on visual masking,
      and these procedures have been used to explore vulnerability to schizophrenia,
      probe underlying neural circuits, and help explain functional outcome. OBJECTIVE:
      To identify and compare regional brain activity associated with one form of
      visual masking (ie, backward masking) in schizophrenic patients and healthy
      controls. DESIGN: Subjects received functional magnetic resonance imaging scans.
      While in the scanner, subjects performed a backward masking task and were given 3
      functional localizer activation scans to identify early visual processing regions
      of interest (ROIs). SETTING: University of California, Los Angeles, and the
      Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System.
      PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy control
      subjects. Main Outcome Measure The magnitude of the functional magnetic resonance
      imaging signal during backward masking. RESULTS: Two ROIs (lateral occipital
      complex [LO] and the human motion selective cortex [hMT+]) showed sensitivity to
      the effects of masking, meaning that signal in these areas increased as the
      target became more visible. Patients had lower activation than controls in LO
      across all levels of visibility but did not differ in other visual processing
      ROIs. Using whole-brain analyses, we also identified areas outside the ROIs that
      were sensitive to masking effects (including bilateral inferior parietal lobe and
      thalamus), but groups did not differ in signal magnitude in these areas.
      CONCLUSIONS: The study results support a key role in LO for visual masking,
      consistent with previous studies in healthy controls. The current results
      indicate that patients fail to activate LO to the same extent as controls during
      visual processing regardless of stimulus visibility, suggesting a neural basis
      for the visual masking deficit, and possibly other visual integration deficits,
      in schizophrenia.

PMID- 19996035
TI  - Brain monoamine oxidase A binding in major depressive disorder: relationship to
      selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, recovery, and recurrence.
AB  - CONTEXT: Highly significant elevations in regional brain monoamine oxidase A (MAO
      A) binding were recently reported during major depressive episodes (MDEs) of
      major depressive disorder (MDD). The relationship between MAO-A levels and
      selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, recovery, and recurrence
      in MDD is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether brain MAO-A binding changes
      after SSRI treatment, whether brain MAO-A binding normalizes in subjects with MDD
      in recovery, and whether there is a relationship between prefrontal and anterior
      cingulate cortex MAO-A binding in recovery and subsequent recurrence of MDE.
      DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary care psychiatric hospital.
      PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight healthy subjects, 16 subjects with an MDE secondary to
      MDD, and 18 subjects with MDD in recovery underwent carbon 11-labeled harmine
      positron emission tomography scans. Subjects with MDE were scanned before and
      after 6 weeks of SSRI treatment. All were otherwise healthy, nonsmoking, and
      medication free. Subjects with MDD in recovery were followed up for 6 months
      after MAO-A binding measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Monoamine oxidase A V(T),
      an index of MAO-A density, was measured in the prefrontal cortex, anterior
      cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsal putamen, ventral striatum,
      thalamus, anterior temporal cortex, midbrain, and hippocampus. RESULTS: Monoamine
      oxidase A V(T) was significantly elevated in each brain region both during MDE
      and after SSRI treatment as compared with healthy controls. During recovery, MAO
      A V(T) was significantly elevated in each brain region; however, those who went
      on to recurrence had significantly higher MAO-A V(T) in the prefrontal and
      anterior cingulate cortex than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated MAO-A
      binding after SSRI treatment indicates persistence of a monoamine-lowering
      process not present in health. This provides a strong conceptual rationale for
      continuing SSRI treatment during early remission. Greater MAO-A binding in the
      prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in subjects with MDD in recovery and its
      association with subsequent recurrence argue that deficient monoamine
      neuromodulation may persist into recovery and contribute to recurrence.

PMID- 19996036
TI  - Blood lead levels and major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized
      anxiety disorder in US young adults.
AB  - CONTEXT: Lead is a ubiquitous neurotoxicant, and adverse cognitive and behavioral
      effects are well-documented in children and occupationally exposed adults but not
      in adults with low environmental exposure. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the
      association of current blood lead levels with 3 common psychiatric disorders
      major depression, panic, and generalized anxiety-in young adults. DESIGN: Cross
      sectional epidemiologic survey. SETTING: Nationally representative sample of US
      adults. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1987 adults aged 20 to 39 years who responded to
      the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004). MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Twelve-month DSM-IV criteria-based diagnoses of major depressive
      disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder assessed using the
      Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The mean (SD) blood lead
      level was 1.61 (1.72) microg/dL (range, 0.3-37.3 microg/dL) (to convert to
      micromoles per liter, multiply by 0.0483). Increasing blood lead levels were
      associated with higher odds of major depression (P = .05 for trend) and panic
      disorder (P = .02 for trend) but not generalized anxiety disorder (P = .78 for
      trend) after adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education status, and
      poverty to income ratio. Persons with blood lead levels in the highest quintile
      had 2.3 times the odds of major depressive disorder (95% confidence interval
      [CI], 1.13-4.75) and 4.9 times the odds of panic disorder (1.32-18.48) as those
      in the lowest quintile. Cigarette smoking was associated with higher blood lead
      levels and outcome, but models that excluded current smokers also resulted in
      significantly increased odds of major depression (P = .03 for trend) and panic
      disorder (P = .01 for trend) with higher blood lead quintiles. CONCLUSIONS: In
      these young adults with low levels of lead exposure, higher blood lead levels
      were associated with increased odds of major depression and panic disorders.
      Exposure to lead at levels generally considered safe could result in adverse
      mental health outcomes.

PMID- 19996037
TI  - Personality change during depression treatment: a placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - CONTEXT: High neuroticism is a personality risk factor that reflects much of the
      genetic vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD), and low extraversion
      may increase risk as well. Both have been linked to the serotonin system.
      OBJECTIVES: To test whether patients with MDD taking selective serotonin reuptake
      inhibitors (SSRIs) report greater changes in neuroticism and extraversion than
      patients receiving inert placebo, and to examine the state effect hypothesis that
      self-reported personality change during SSRI treatment is merely a change of
      depression-related measurement bias. DESIGN: A placebo-controlled trial. SETTING:
      Research clinics. Patients Adult patients with moderate to severe MDD randomized
      to receive paroxetine (n = 120), placebo (n = 60), or cognitive therapy (n = 60).
      OUTCOME MEASURES: NEO Five-Factor Inventory and Hamilton Rating Scale for
      Depression. RESULTS: Patients who took paroxetine reported greater personality
      change than placebo patients, even after controlling for depression improvement
      (neuroticism, P < .001; extraversion, P = .002). The advantage of paroxetine over
      placebo in antidepressant efficacy was no longer significant after controlling
      for change in neuroticism (P = .46) or extraversion (P = .14). Patients taking
      paroxetine reported 6.8 times as much change on neuroticism and 3.5 times as much
      change on extraversion as placebo patients matched for depression improvement.
      Although placebo patients exhibited substantial depression improvement (Hamilton
      Rating Scale for Depression score, -1.2 SD, P < .001), they reported little
      change on neuroticism (-0.18 SD, P = .08) or extraversion (0.08 SD, P = .50).
      Cognitive therapy produced greater personality change than placebo (P </= .01);
      but its advantage on neuroticism was no longer significant after controlling for
      depression (P = .14). Neuroticism reduction during treatment predicted lower
      relapse rates among paroxetine responders (P = .003) but not among cognitive
      therapy responders (P = .86). CONCLUSIONS: Paroxetine appears to have a specific
      pharmacological effect on personality that is distinct from its effect on
      depression. If replicated, this pattern would disconfirm the state effect
      hypothesis and instead support the notion that SSRIs' effects on personality go
      beyond and perhaps contribute to their antidepressant effects.

PMID- 19996038
TI  - Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed
      older people in primary care: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - CONTEXT: In older people, depressive symptoms are common, psychological
      adjustment to aging is complex, and associated chronic physical illness limits
      the use of antidepressants. Despite this, older people are rarely offered
      psychological interventions, and only 3 randomized controlled trials of
      individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a primary care setting have been
      published. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical effectiveness of CBT delivered in
      primary care for older people with depression. DESIGN: A single-blind,
      randomized, controlled trial with 4- and 10-month follow-up visits. PATIENTS: A
      total of 204 people aged 65 years or older (mean [SD] age, 74.1 [7.0] years;
      79.4% female; 20.6% male) with a Geriatric Mental State diagnosis of depression
      were recruited from primary care. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment as usual (TAU), TAU
      plus a talking control (TC), or TAU plus CBT. The TC and CBT were offered over 4
      months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores collected
      at baseline, end of therapy (4 months), and 10 months after the baseline visit.
      Subsidiary measures were the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Social Functioning
      Questionnaire, and Euroqol. Intent to treat using Generalized Estimating Equation
      and Compliance Average Causal Effect analyses were used. RESULTS: Eighty percent
      of participants were followed up. The mean number of sessions of TC or CBT was
      just greater than 7. Intent-to-treat analysis found improvements of -3.07 (95%
      confidence interval [CI], -5.73 to -0.42) and -3.65 (95% CI, -6.18 to -1.12) in
      BDI-II scores in favor of CBT vs TAU and TC, respectively. Compliance Average
      Causal Effect analysis compared CBT with TC. A significant benefit of CBT of 0.4
      points (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.72) on the BDI-II per therapy session was observed. The
      cognitive therapy scale showed no difference for nonspecific, but significant
      differences for specific factors in therapy. Ratings for CBT were high (mean
      [SD], 54.2 [4.1]). CONCLUSION: Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective
      treatment for older people with depressive disorder and appears to be associated
      with its specific effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org Identifier:
      ISRCTN18271323.

PMID- 19996039
TI  - Heterogeneity of DSM-IV major depressive disorder as a consequence of
      subthreshold bipolarity.
AB  - CONTEXT: There is growing evidence that major depressive disorder (MDD) might be
      overdiagnosed at the expense of bipolar disorder (BPD). OBJECTIVES: To identify a
      subgroup of subthreshold BPD among DSM-IV MDD, which is distinct from pure MDD
      regarding a range of validators of bipolarity, and to examine the pattern of
      these validators among different groups with affective disorders. DESIGN: Ten
      year prospective longitudinal and family study including 3 follow-up waves. Data
      were assessed with the DSM-IV Munich Composite International Diagnostic
      Interview. SETTING: Community sample in Munich, Germany. PARTICIPANTS: A total of
      2210 subjects (aged 14-24 years at baseline) who completed the third follow-up.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cumulative incidence of pure MDD, BPD, and subthreshold
      BPD (defined as fulfilling criteria for MDD plus having manic symptoms but never
      having met criteria for [hypo]mania). RESULTS: Among 488 respondents with MDD,
      286 (58.6%) had pure MDD and 202 (41.4%) had subthreshold BPD (cumulative
      incidence, 9.3%). Compared with respondents who had pure MDD, respondents with
      subthreshold BPD were found to have a significantly increased family history of
      mania, considerably higher rates of nicotine dependence and alcohol use
      disorders, rates of panic disorder that were twice as high, and a tendency toward
      higher rates of criminal acts. Prospective analyses showed that subthreshold BPD
      converted more often into BPD during follow-up, with DSM-IV criterion D (symptoms
      observable by others) being of critical predictive relevance. With increasing
      severity of the manic component, rates for diverse validators accordingly
      increased (eg, alcohol use disorders, parental mania) or decreased (harm
      avoidance). CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that MDD is a heterogeneous concept
      including a large group with subthreshold BPD, which is clinically significant
      and shares similarities with BPD. Findings might support the need for a broader
      concept and a more comprehensive screening of bipolarity, which could be
      substantial for future research and adequate treatment of patients with
      bipolarity.

PMID- 19996040
TI  - Relationship between antiepileptic drugs and suicide attempts in patients with
      bipolar disorder.
AB  - CONTEXT: On January 31, 2008, the Food and Drug Administration issued an alert
      regarding increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior related to use of
      antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). On July 10, 2008, a Food and Drug Administration
      scientific advisory committee voted that, yes, there was a significant positive
      association between AEDs and suicidality but voted against placing a black box
      warning on AEDs for suicidality. OBJECTIVE: To determine if AEDs increase the
      risk of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar disorder. DESIGN: A
      pharmacoepidemiologic study in which suicide attempt rates were compared before
      and after treatment and with a medication-free control group. Analyses were
      restricted to AED and lithium monotherapy. SETTING: We used the PharMetrics
      medical claims database to study the relationship between the 11 AEDs identified
      in the FDA alert, and lithium, to suicide attempts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Suicide
      attempts. Patients A cohort of 47 918 patients with bipolar disorder with a
      minimum 1-year window of information before and after the index date of their
      illness. RESULTS: Overall, there was no significant difference in suicide attempt
      rates for patients treated with an AED (13 per 1000 person-years [PY]) vs
      patients not treated with an AED or lithium (13 per 1000 PY). In AED-treated
      subjects, the rate of suicide attempts was significantly higher before treatment
      (72 per 1000 PY) than after (13 per 1000 PY). In patients receiving no
      concomitant treatment with an antidepressant, other AED, or antipsychotic, AEDs
      were significantly protective relative to no pharmacologic treatment (3 per 1000
      vs 15 per 1000 PY). CONCLUSIONS: Despite Food and Drug Administration reports
      regarding increased risk of suicidality associated with AED treatment, the
      current study reveals that, as a class, AEDs do not increase risk of suicide
      attempts in patients with bipolar disorder relative to patients not treated with
      an AED or lithium. Use of AEDs reduces suicide attempt rates both relative to
      patients not receiving any psychotropic medication and relative to their
      pretreatment levels.

PMID- 19996041
TI  - Disrupted amygdalar subregion functional connectivity and evidence of a
      compensatory network in generalized anxiety disorder.
AB  - CONTEXT: Little is known about the neural abnormalities underlying generalized
      anxiety disorder (GAD). Studies in other anxiety disorders have implicated the
      amygdala, but work in GAD has yielded conflicting results. The amygdala is
      composed of distinct subregions that interact with dissociable brain networks,
      which have been studied only in experimental animals. A functional connectivity
      approach at the subregional level may therefore yield novel insights into GAD.
      OBJECTIVES: To determine whether distinct connectivity patterns can be reliably
      identified for the basolateral (BLA) and centromedial (CMA) subregions of the
      human amygdala, and to examine subregional connectivity patterns and potential
      compensatory amygdalar connectivity in GAD. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
      SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Two cohorts of healthy control
      subjects (consisting of 17 and 31 subjects) and 16 patients with GAD. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional connectivity with cytoarchitectonically determined
      BLA and CMA regions of interest, measured during functional magnetic resonance
      imaging performed while subjects were resting quietly in the scanner. Amygdalar
      gray matter volume was also investigated with voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS:
      Reproducible subregional differences in large-scale connectivity were identified
      in both cohorts of healthy controls. The BLA was differentially connected with
      primary and higher-order sensory and medial prefrontal cortices. The CMA was
      connected with the midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellum. In GAD patients, BLA and
      CMA connectivity patterns were significantly less distinct, and increased gray
      matter volume was noted primarily in the CMA. Across the subregions, GAD patients
      had increased connectivity with a previously characterized frontoparietal
      executive control network and decreased connectivity with an insula- and
      cingulate-based salience network. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide new insights
      into the functional neuroanatomy of the human amygdala and converge with
      connectivity studies in experimental animals. In GAD, we find evidence of an
      intra-amygdalar abnormality and engagement of a compensatory frontoparietal
      executive control network, consistent with cognitive theories of GAD.

PMID- 19996043
TI  - Safety and transparency of pediatric drug trials.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To quantify the frequency and type of new safety information arising
      from studies performed under the auspices of the Pediatric Exclusivity Program,
      to describe the dissemination of these findings in the peer-reviewed literature
      and compare this with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review, and to
      describe their effect on pediatric labeling. DESIGN: Cohort study of the 365
      trials performed for 153 drugs. SETTING: The Pediatric Exclusivity incentive from
      December 1997 through September 2007. PARTICIPANTS: Food and Drug Administration
      publicly available records and peer-reviewed literature retrievable by MEDLINE
      search. Main Exposures New safety findings obtained from the trials completed for
      exclusivity. OUTCOME MEASURES: Concordance of the information highlighted in the
      peer-reviewed article abstracts with the information in the FDA labeling and drug
      reviews. RESULTS: There were 137 labeling changes; we evaluated 129 of these (the
      8 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were excluded from review). Thirty
      three products (26%) had pediatric safety information added to the labeling. Of
      these, 12 products had neuropsychiatric safety findings and 21 had other
      important safety findings. Only 16 of 33 of these trials (48%) were reported in
      the peer-reviewed literature; however, 7 of 16 focused on findings substantively
      different from those highlighted in the FDA reviews and labeling changes.
      CONCLUSIONS: Medication adverse events in children often differ from those in
      adults, particularly those that are neuropsychiatric in nature. Labeling changes
      for pediatric use demonstrate that pediatric drug studies provide valuable and
      unique safety data that can guide the use of these drugs in children.
      Unfortunately, most of these articles are not published, and almost half of the
      published articles focus their attention away from the crucial safety data.

PMID- 19996042
TI  - Smaller global and regional cortical volume in combat-related posttraumatic
      stress disorder.
AB  - CONTEXT: Two sets of findings predict smaller cerebral cortical gray matter
      volume in adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Measures of intracranial
      tissue volume and cerebral tissue volume have been observed to be smaller in
      adolescents with maltreatment-related PTSD. Second, lower intelligence, a risk
      factor for PTSD, is associated with smaller cerebral tissue volumes.
      Nevertheless, to our knowledge, only 1 study has observed globally smaller
      cerebral tissue volume in adults with PTSD. OBJECTIVES: To apply a recently
      developed method providing improved estimates of cortical volume and to estimate
      associations between adult PTSD and selected regional cortical volumes not yet
      investigated. DESIGN: Between-group comparison of global and regional cerebral
      cortical volumes in adult patients with combat-related PTSD and controls.
      SETTING: Two Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers with large inpatient
      and outpatient PTSD catchments. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-seven combat-exposed
      veterans of the Vietnam and Persian Gulf wars. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Global and
      regional cortical volumes determined using the FreeSurfer software program and
      the Desikan et al parcellation (modified). RESULTS: Cerebral cortical volume,
      thickness, and area were observed to be smaller in association with adult combat
      related PTSD. Robust associations were observed between PTSD and smaller cortical
      volumes in the parahippocampal gyrus, superior temporal cortex, lateral orbital
      frontal cortex, and pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS:
      Cerebral cortical volume, thickness, and area may be smaller in adult chronic
      severe PTSD; however, the extracted structural variables did not mediate
      relations between intelligence and PTSD. The 4 regions exhibiting especially
      smaller cortical volumes in this sample share involvement in mechanisms
      subserving "top-down" facilitation of the identification of objects and words.
      Compromise of these regions may result in difficulty in relearning pretrauma
      schemata for interpreting the civilian physical and social environments.

PMID- 19996044
TI  - Influence of changes in supply on the distribution of pediatric subspecialty
      care.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine whether recently certified pediatric subspecialists enter
      markets that previously lacked subspecialists and to determine whether changes in
      overall supply are associated with changes in geographic availability of care.
      DESIGN: Multiple cross-sectional analyses. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS:
      Physician data for 2003 and 2006 from the American Board of Pediatrics. Main
      Exposure New entrants, defined as subspecialists who first obtained certification
      after 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We examined the following: (1) whether new
      entrants were more likely to practice in locations lacking certified
      subspecialists; (2) changes in the percentage of hospital referral regions (HRRs)
      with at least 1 subspecialist; and (3) changes in the number of subspecialists
      per HRR. RESULTS: Ten pediatric subspecialties experienced increases in supply
      and 5 experienced decreases. For 8 of the 15 pediatric subspecialties studied,
      new entrants were more likely than previously certified physicians to locate in
      an HRR that lacked a subspecialist in 2003. The percentage of HRRs with a
      subspecialist increased significantly for 3 of the 10 pediatric subspecialties
      with increases in supply. Among HRRs with a subspecialist in 2003, the average
      number of subspecialists per HRR increased between 2003 and 2006 for 6 of the 10
      pediatric subspecialties with total supply increases and decreased for 4 of the 5
      subspecialties with decreases in supply. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in the number of
      pediatric subspecialists generally did not lead to improvements in distribution
      and may actually reinforce the existing distribution for certain pediatric
      subspecialties. However, because newly certified subspecialists are more likely
      to enter an HRR that previously lacked a subspecialist, long-term increases in
      supply may lead to improvements in distribution.

PMID- 19996045
TI  - Improving health outcomes for youth living with the human immunodeficiency virus:
      a multisite randomized trial of a motivational intervention targeting multiple
      risk behaviors.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine if Healthy Choices, a motivational interviewing
      intervention targeting multiple risk behaviors, improved human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV) viral load. DESIGN: A randomized, 2-group repeated measures design
      with analysis of data from baseline and 6- and 9-month follow-up collected from
      2005 to 2007. SETTING: Five US adolescent medicine HIV clinics. PARTICIPANTS: A
      convenience sample with at least 1 of 3 risk behaviors (nonadherence to HIV
      medications, substance abuse, and unprotected sex) was enrolled. The sample was
      aged 16 to 24 years and primarily African American. Of the 205 enrolled, 19 did
      not complete baseline data collections, for a final sample size of 186. Young
      people living with HIV were randomized to the intervention plus specialty care (n
      = 94) or specialty care alone (n = 92). The 3- and 6-month follow-up rates,
      respectively, were 86% and 82% for the intervention group and 81% and 73% for
      controls. Intervention Healthy Choices was a 4-session individual clinic-based
      motivational interviewing intervention delivered during a 10-week period.
      Motivational interviewing is a method of communication designed to elicit and
      reinforce intrinsic motivation for change. Outcome Measure Plasma viral load.
      RESULTS: Youth randomized to Healthy Choices showed a significant decline in
      viral load at 6 months postintervention compared with youth in the control
      condition (beta = -0.36, t = -2.15, P = .03), with those prescribed
      antiretroviral medications showing the lowest viral loads. Differences were no
      longer significant at 9 months. CONCLUSION: A motivational interviewing
      intervention targeting multiple risk behaviors resulted in short-term
      improvements in viral load for youth living with HIV. Trial Registration
      clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00103532.

PMID- 19996046
TI  - Predictors of suboptimal virologic response to highly active antiretroviral
      therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents: analyses of the
      reaching for excellence in adolescent care and health (REACH) project.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and biopsychosocial predictors of suboptimal
      virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among human
      immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents. DESIGN: Population-based cohort
      study. SETTING: Sixteen academic medical centers across 13 cities in the United
      States. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-four human immunodeficiency virus
      infected adolescents who presented for at least 2 consecutive visits after
      initiation of HAART. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Viral load (plasma concentration of
      human immunodeficiency virus RNA) and CD4(+) lymphocyte count. RESULTS: Of the
      154 adolescents enrolled in the study, 50 (32.5%) demonstrated early and
      sustained virologic suppression while receiving HAART. The remaining 104
      adolescents (67.5%) had a poor virologic response. Adequate adherence (>50%)
      reported by 70.8% of respondents-was associated with 60% reduced odds of
      suboptimal virologic suppression in a multivariable logistic regression model
      (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.0). Exposure to
      suboptimal antiretroviral therapy prior to HAART, on the other hand, was
      associated with more than 2-fold increased odds of suboptimal virologic response
      (adjusted odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.7). CONCLUSIONS: Fully
      two-thirds of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents in the current
      study demonstrated a suboptimal virologic response to HAART. Nonadherence and
      prior single or dual antiretroviral therapy were associated with subsequent poor
      virologic responses to HAART. These predictors of HAART failure echo findings in
      pediatric and adult populations. Given the unique developmental stage of
      adolescence, age-specific interventions are indicated to address high rates of
      nonadherence and therapeutic failure.

PMID- 19996048
TI  - Efficacy of sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus sexual risk
      reduction intervention for african american adolescent females seeking sexual
      health services: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce incident
      sexually transmitted disease (STD) and enhance STD/human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV)-preventive behaviors and psychosocial mediators. DESIGN: A randomized
      controlled trial of an HIV prevention program. SETTING: Clinic-based sample in
      Atlanta, Georgia. PARTICIPANTS: African American adolescent females (N = 715),
      aged 15 to 21 years, seeking sexual health services. Participants completed an
      audio computer-assisted self-interview and provided self-collected vaginal
      specimens for STD testing. Intervention Intervention participants received two 4
      hour group sessions and 4 telephone contacts over a 12-month period, targeting
      personal, relational, sociocultural, and structural factors associated with
      adolescents' STD/HIV risk, and were given vouchers facilitating male partners'
      STD testing/treatment. Main Outcome Measure Incident chlamydial infections.
      RESULTS: Over the 12-month follow-up, fewer adolescents in the intervention had a
      chlamydial infection (42 vs 67; risk ratio [RR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval
      [CI], 0.42 to 0.98; P = .04) or recurrent chlamydial infection (4 vs 14; RR,
      0.25; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.83; P = .02). Adolescents in the intervention also
      reported a higher proportion of condom-protected sex acts in the 60 days
      preceding follow-up assessments (mean difference, 10.84; 95% CI, 5.27 to 16.42; P
      < .001) and less frequent douching (mean difference, -0.76; 95% CI, -1.15 to 
      0.37; P = .001). Adolescents in the intervention were also more likely to report
      consistent condom use in the 60 days preceding follow-up assessments (RR, 1. 41;
      95% CI, 1.09 to 1.80; P = .01) and condom use at last intercourse (RR, 1.30; 95%
      CI, 1.09 to 1.54; P = .005). Intervention effects were observed for psychosocial
      mediators of STD/HIV-preventive behaviors. CONCLUSION: Interventions for African
      American adolescent females can reduce chlamydial infections and enhance STD/HIV
      preventive behaviors and psychosocial mediators of STD/HIV-preventive behaviors.
      Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00633906.

PMID- 19996047
TI  - Time from first intercourse to first sexually transmitted infection diagnosis
      among adolescent women.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the time between first intercourse and first sexually
      transmitted infection (STI) with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or
      Trichomonas vaginalis and time between repeated infections. DESIGN: Observational
      study. SETTING: Three adolescent medicine clinics. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 386
      urban young women aged 14 to 17 years at enrollment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age
      at first intercourse; organism-specific interval between first intercourse and
      first STI diagnosis; interval between repeated infections; and age at first STI
      test prior to study participation. RESULTS: Participants had first intercourse at
      a young age (first, second, and third quartiles were 13, 14, and 15 years of age,
      respectively). By age 15 years, 25% of the women acquired their first STI, most
      often C trachomatis. Median interval between first intercourse and first STI
      diagnosis was 2 years. Within 1 year of first intercourse, 25% had their first C
      trachomatis infection. Repeated infections were common; within 3.6, 6, and 4.8
      months, 25% of the women with prior C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, and T vaginalis
      infection were reinfected with the respective organisms. Considerable delay in
      STI testing was found for those who began sex at a younger age. The median
      interval between first sex and first test were 4.9, 3.5, 2.1, 1.8, and 1.2 years
      for those who had first sex at ages 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 years, respectively.
      CONCLUSIONS: Timely screening and treatment are important for prevention of STI
      sequelae. For urban adolescent women, STI screening (especially for C
      trachomatis) should begin within a year after first intercourse and infected
      individuals should be retested every 3 to 4 months.

PMID- 19996049
TI  - Trends and factors associated with infant sleeping position: the national infant
      sleep position study, 1993-2007.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine trends and factors associated with choice of infant
      sleeping position. DESIGN: Annual nationally representative telephone surveys
      from 1993 through 2007. SETTING: Forty-eight contiguous states of the United
      States. PARTICIPANTS: Nighttime caregivers of infants born within the last 7
      months; approximately 1000 interviews were given each year. Main Outcome Measure
      Whether infant is usually placed supine to sleep. RESULTS: For the 15-year
      period, supine sleep increased (P < .001) and prone sleep decreased (P < .001)
      for all infants, with no significant difference in trend by race. Since 2001, a
      plateau has been reached for all races. Factors associated with increased supine
      sleep between 1993 and 2007 included time, maternal race other than African
      American, higher maternal educational level, not living in Southern states, first
      born infant, and full-term infant. The effect of these variables was reduced when
      variables related to maternal concerns about infant comfort, choking, and advice
      from physicians were taken into account. Between 2003 and 2007, there was no
      significant yearly increase in supine sleep. Choice of sleep position could be
      explained almost entirely by caregiver concern about comfort, choking, and
      advice. Race no longer was a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Since 2001,
      supine sleep has reached a plateau, and there continue to be racial disparities.
      There have been changes in factors associated with sleep position, and maternal
      attitudes about issues such as comfort and choking may account for much of the
      racial disparity in practice. To decrease sudden infant death syndrome rates, we
      must ensure that public health measures reach the populations at risk and include
      messages that address concerns about infant comfort and choking.

PMID- 19996050
TI  - Effects of local institutional review board review on participation in national
      practice-based research network studies.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe the process and outcomes of local institutional review
      board (IRB) review for 2 Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) studies.
      DESIGN: Pediatric Research in Office Settings conducted 2 national studies
      concerning sensitive topics: (1) Child Abuse Recognition Experience Study
      (CARES), an observational study of physician decision making, and (2) Safety
      Check, a violence prevention intervention trial. Institutional review board
      approval was secured by investigators' sites, the American Academy of Pediatrics,
      and practices with local IRBs. Practices were queried about IRB rules at PROS
      enrollment and study recruitment. SETTING: Pediatric Research in Office Settings
      practices in 29 states. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-eight PROS practices (75 IRBs). Main
      Exposure Local IRB presence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Local IRB presence, level of
      PROS assistance, IRB process, study participation, data collection completion,
      and minority enrollment. RESULTS: Practices requiring additional local IRB
      approval agreed to participate less than those that did not (CARES: 33% vs 52%;
      Safety Check: 41% vs 56%). Of the 88 practices requiring local IRB approval, 55
      received approval, with nearly 50% needing active PROS help, many requiring
      consent changes (eg, contact name additions, local IRB approval stamps), and 87%
      beginning data collection. Median days to obtain approval were 81 (CARES) and 109
      (Safety Check). Practices requiring local IRB approval were less likely to
      complete data collection but more likely to enroll minority patients.
      CONCLUSIONS: Local IRB review was associated with lower participation rates,
      substantial effort navigating the process (with approval universally granted
      without substantive changes), and data collection delays. When considering future
      reforms, the national human subject protections system should consider the
      potential redundancy and effect on generalizability, particularly regarding
      enrollment of poor urban children, related to local IRB review.

PMID- 19996051
TI  - Adverse childhood experiences and adult risk factors for age-related disease:
      depression, inflammation, and clustering of metabolic risk markers.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To understand why children exposed to adverse psychosocial experiences
      are at elevated risk for age-related disease, such as cardiovascular disease, by
      testing whether adverse childhood experiences predict enduring abnormalities in
      stress-sensitive biological systems, namely, the nervous, immune, and
      endocrine/metabolic systems. DESIGN: A 32-year prospective longitudinal study of
      a representative birth cohort. SETTING: New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: A total of
      1037 members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Main
      Exposures During their first decade of life, study members were assessed for
      exposure to 3 adverse psychosocial experiences: socioeconomic disadvantage,
      maltreatment, and social isolation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At age 32 years, study
      members were assessed for the presence of 3 age-related-disease risks: major
      depression, high inflammation levels (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level
      >3 mg/L), and the clustering of metabolic risk biomarkers (overweight, high blood
      pressure, high total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high
      glycated hemoglobin, and low maximum oxygen consumption levels. RESULTS: Children
      exposed to adverse psychosocial experiences were at elevated risk of depression,
      high inflammation levels, and clustering of metabolic risk markers. Children who
      had experienced socioeconomic disadvantage (incidence rate ratio, 1.89; 95%
      confidence interval, 1.36-2.62), maltreatment (1.81; 1.38-2.38), or social
      isolation (1.87; 1.38-2.51) had elevated age-related-disease risks in adulthood.
      The effects of adverse childhood experiences on age-related-disease risks in
      adulthood were nonredundant, cumulative, and independent of the influence of
      established developmental and concurrent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Children
      exposed to adverse psychosocial experiences have enduring emotional, immune, and
      metabolic abnormalities that contribute to explaining their elevated risk for age
      related disease. The promotion of healthy psychosocial experiences for children
      is a necessary and potentially cost-effective target for the prevention of age
      related disease.

PMID- 19996052
TI  - A national survey of obesity prevention practices in Head Start.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe obesity prevention practices and environments in Head
      Start, the largest federally funded early childhood education program in the
      United States. DESIGN: Self-administered survey as part of the Study of Healthy
      Activity and Eating Practices and Environments in Head Start (SHAPES). SETTING:
      Head Start, 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Directors of all 1810 Head Start programs,
      excluding those in US territories. OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive measures of
      reported practices and environments related to healthy eating and gross motor
      activity. RESULTS: The 1583 (87%) programs responding to the survey enrolled 828
      707 preschool children. Of these programs, 70% reported serving only nonfat or 1%
      fat milk. Ninety-four percent of programs reported that each day they served
      children some fruit other than 100% fruit juice; 97% reported serving some
      vegetable other than fried potatoes; and 91% reported both of these daily
      practices. Sixty-six percent of programs said they celebrated special events with
      healthy foods or nonfood treats, and 54% did not allow vending machines for
      staff. Having an on-site outdoor play area at every center was reported by 89% of
      programs. Seventy-four percent of programs reported that children were given
      structured (adult-led or -guided) gross motor activity for at least 30 minutes
      each day; 73% reported that children were given unstructured gross motor activity
      for at least 30 minutes each day, and 56% reported both of these daily practices.
      CONCLUSION: Most Head Start programs report doing more to support healthy eating
      and gross motor activity than required by federal performance standards in these
      areas.

PMID- 19996053
TI  - Formal production features of infant and toddler DVDs.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe how DVDs designed for very young children are constructed,
      focusing on the formal production features used to present the program content.
      DESIGN: Descriptive study of the concentrations of perceptually salient,
      nonsalient, and reflective formal features. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-nine DVDs
      designed for children younger than 3 years. Main Exposure The presence and
      absence of specific formal features. OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentrations of
      reflective (singing, rhyming, camera zooms, and moderate character action),
      perceptually salient (rapid pacing, fast action, camera cuts, sound effects,
      character vocalizations, and visual special effects), and nonsalient (low-action
      sequences, narration, and dialogue by men, women, or children) formal features.
      RESULTS: Programs were composed of high concentrations of perceptually salient
      features, such as rapid pace and camera cuts, which are difficult even for older
      children to understand. Reflective features, which provide opportunities to
      rehearse content, were relatively rare. Character action was typically
      nonsalient. The DVDs used speech only 24% of the time and failed to selectively
      use speakers, such as choosing a child over an adult for dialogue and narration,
      which garners slightly older children's visual attention. CONCLUSIONS: Producers
      who claim that their programs are educational should pay more attention to how
      they transmit content. Most programs directed at infants and toddlers rely on
      perceptually salient features like rapid pacing and camera cuts, which may elicit
      attention and interest but are most likely very difficult for a young audience to
      understand.

PMID- 19996054
TI  - Picture of the month--quiz case. Pneumonia with associated urticaria multiforme
      rash.

PMID- 19996055
TI  - Adequacy of the supply of pediatric subspecialists: so near, yet so far.

PMID- 19996056
TI  - Adolescent human immunodeficiency virus prevention: what we have accomplished and
      what still needs to be done.

PMID- 19996057
TI  - It is time to professionalize institutional review boards.

PMID- 19996058
TI  - Infant sleep position: back to sleep.

PMID- 19996059
TI  - Does the benefit justify the risk?

PMID- 19996060
TI  - Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy:
      observational study of veterans with prostate cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that androgen deprivation therapy for
      prostate cancer is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease among
      older men. We evaluated the relationship between androgen deprivation therapy and
      incident diabetes and cardiovascular disease in men of all ages with prostate
      cancer. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 37,443 population-based
      men who were diagnosed with local or regional prostate cancer in the Veterans
      Healthcare Administration from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2004, with
      follow-up through December 31, 2005. Cox proportional hazards models were used to
      assess whether androgen deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      (GnRH) agonists, oral antiandrogens, the combination of the two (ie, combined
      androgen blockade), or orchiectomy was associated with diabetes, coronary heart
      disease, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, or stroke, after adjustment
      for patient and tumor characteristics. All statistical tests were two-sided.
      RESULTS: Overall, 14,597 (39%) of the 37,443 patients were treated with androgen
      deprivation therapy. Treatment with GnRH agonists was associated with
      statistically significantly increased risks of incident diabetes (for GnRH
      agonist therapy, 159.4 events per 1000 person-years vs 87.5 events for no
      androgen deprivation therapy, difference = 71.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] =
      71.6 to 72.2; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.38),
      incident coronary heart disease (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.28), myocardial
      infarction (12.8 events per 1000 person-years for GnRH agonist therapy vs 7.3 for
      no androgen deprivation therapy, difference = 5.5, 95% CI = 5.4 to 5.6; aHR =
      1.28, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.52), sudden cardiac death (aHR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.18 to
      1.54), and stroke (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.36). Combined androgen blockade
      was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of incident
      coronary heart disease (aHR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.53), and orchiectomy was
      associated with coronary heart disease (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.87) and
      myocardial infarction (aHR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.27 to 3.50). Oral antiandrogen
      monotherapy was not associated with any outcome studied. CONCLUSION: Androgen
      deprivation therapy with GnRH agonists was associated with an increased risk of
      diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 19996061
TI  - Angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors regulate basal skeletal muscle
      microvascular volume and glucose use.
AB  - Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction via the type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and
      vasodilatation through the type 2 receptor (AT(2)R). Both are expressed in muscle
      microvasculature, where substrate exchanges occur. Whether they modulate basal
      muscle microvascular perfusion and substrate metabolism is not known. We measured
      microvascular blood volume (MBV), a measure of microvascular surface area and
      perfusion, in rats during systemic infusion of angiotensin II at either 1 or 100
      ng/kg per minute. Each caused a significant increase in muscle MBV. Likewise,
      administration of the AT(1)R blocker losartan increased muscle MBV by >3-fold
      (P<0.001). Hindleg glucose extraction and muscle interstitial oxygen saturation
      simultaneously increased by 2- to 3-fold. By contrast, infusing AT(2)R antagonist
      PD123319 significantly decreased muscle MBV by >or=80% (P<0.001). This was
      associated with a significant decrease in hindleg glucose extraction and muscle
      oxygen saturation. AT(2)R antagonism and inhibition of NO synthase each blocked
      the losartan-induced increase in muscle MBV and glucose uptake. In conclusion,
      angiotensin II acts on both AT(1)R and AT(2)R to regulate basal muscle
      microvascular perfusion. Basal AT(1)R tone restricts muscle MBV and glucose
      extraction, whereas basal AT(2)R activity increases muscle MBV and glucose
      uptake. Pharmacological manipulation of the balance of AT(1)R and AT(2)R activity
      affords the potential to improve glucose metabolism.

PMID- 19996063
TI  - Intrarenal aminopeptidase N inhibition restores defective angiontesin II type 2
      mediated natriuresis in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The preferred ligand of angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 (AT(2)R)-mediated natriuresis
      is Ang III. The major enzyme responsible for the metabolism of Ang III is
      aminopeptidase N, which is selectively inhibited by compound PC-18. In this
      study, urine sodium excretion rates (U(Na)V), fractional excretion of sodium,
      fractional excretion of lithium, glomerular filtration rate, and mean arterial
      pressures were studied in prehypertensive and hypertensive spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHRs) and compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs).
      Although renal interstitial infusion of Ang II type 1 receptor blocker
      candesartan increased U(Na)V in WKYs from a baseline of 0.05+/-0.01 to 0.17+/
      0.04 micromol/min (P<0.01), identical infusions failed to increase U(Na)V in
      hypertensive SHRs. Coinfusion of AT(2)R antagonist PD-123319 abolished the
      natriuretic responses to candesartan in WKYs, indicating an AT(2)R-mediated
      effect. AT(2)R-mediated natriuresis was enabled in hypertensive SHRs by
      inhibiting the metabolism of Ang III with PC-18 (0.05+/-0.01 to 0.11+/-0.03
      micromol/min; P<0.05). The defects in sodium excretion were present before the
      onset of hypertension in SHRs, because young WKYs demonstrated double the U(Na)V
      of SHRs (0.04+/-0.006 versus 0.02+/-0.003 micromol/min; P<0.01) at baseline. The
      increased U(Na)V of young WKYs was attributed to reduced renal proximal tubule
      sodium reabsorption, because increases in fractional excretion of sodium were
      paralleled by increases in fractional excretion of lithium. Renal interstitial PC
      18 infusion ameliorated defective AT(2)R-mediated natriuresis in young SHRs by
      increasing fractional excretion of sodium and fractional excretion of lithium
      without changing the glomerular filtration rate. Thus, increased renal proximal
      tubule sodium retention is observed before the onset of hypertension in SHRs, and
      inhibition of the metabolism of Ang III ameliorates this pathophysiologic defect
      in sodium excretion.

PMID- 19996062
TI  - A role for angiotensin II type 1 receptors on bone marrow-derived cells in the
      pathogenesis of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension.
AB  - Activation of type 1 angiotensin (AT(1)) receptors causes hypertension, leading
      to progressive kidney injury. AT(1) receptors are expressed on immune cells, and
      previous studies have identified a role for immune cells in angiotensin II
      dependent hypertension. We, therefore, examined the role of AT(1) receptors on
      immune cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension by generating bone marrow
      chimeras with wild-type donors or donors lacking AT(1A) receptors (BMKO). The 2
      groups had virtually identical blood pressures at baseline, suggesting that AT(1)
      receptors on immune cells do not make a unique contribution to the determination
      of baseline blood pressure. By contrast, in response to chronic angiotensin II
      infusion, the BMKOs had an augmented hypertensive response, suggesting a
      protective effect of AT(1) receptors on immune cells with respect to blood
      pressure elevation. The BMKOs had 50% more albuminuria after 4 weeks of
      angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Angiotensin II-induced pathological injury
      to the kidney was similar in the experimental groups. However, there was
      exaggerated renal expression of the macrophage chemokine monocyte chemoattractant
      protein 1 in the BMKO group, leading to persistent accumulation of macrophages in
      the kidney. This enhanced mononuclear cell infiltration into the BMKO kidneys was
      associated with exaggerated renal expression of the vasoactive mediators
      interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6. Thus, in angiotensin II-induced
      hypertension, bone marrow-derived AT(1) receptors limited mononuclear cell
      accumulation in the kidney and mitigated the chronic hypertensive response,
      possibly through the regulation of vasoactive cytokines.

PMID- 19996064
TI  - Treatment of isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hypertension:
      reaching blood pressure target matters.

PMID- 19996065
TI  - Angiotensin-(1-7) prevents cardiomyocyte pathological remodeling through a nitric
      oxide/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent pathway.
AB  - The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of
      cardiovascular disease, with Ang II being the major effector of this system.
      Multiple lines of evidence have shown that Ang-(1-7) exerts cardioprotective
      effects in the heart by counterregulating Ang II actions. The questions that
      remain are how and where Ang-(1-7) exerts its effects. By using a combination of
      molecular biology, confocal microscopy, and a transgenic rat model with increased
      levels of circulating Ang-(1-7) (TGR[A1-7]3292), we evaluated the signaling
      pathways involved in Ang-(1-7) cardioprotection against Ang II-induced
      pathological remodeling in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Rats were infused with Ang
      II for 2 weeks. We found that ventricular myocytes from TGR(A1-7)3292 rats are
      protected from Ang II pathological remodeling characterized by Ca(2+) signaling
      dysfunction, hypertrophic fetal gene expression, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta
      inactivation, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells nuclear accumulation.
      Moreover, cardiomyocytes from TGR(A1-7)3292 rats infused with Ang II presented
      increased expression levels of neuronal NO synthase. To provide a signaling
      pathway involved in the beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7), we treated neonatal
      cardiomyocytes with Ang-(1-7) and Ang II for 36 hours. Treatment of
      cardiomyocytes with Ang-(1-7) prevented Ang II-induced hypertrophy by modulating
      calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell signaling cascade. Importantly,
      antihypertrophic effects of Ang-(1-7) on Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes were
      prevented by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and 1H-1,2,4oxadiazolo4,2
      aquinoxalin-1-one, suggesting that these effects are mediated by NO/cGMP. Taken
      together, these data reveal a key role for NO/cGMP as a mediator of Ang-(1-7)
      beneficial effects in cardiac cells.

PMID- 19996066
TI  - Outcomes Among hypertensive patients with concomitant peripheral and coronary
      artery disease: findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR/Trandolapril STudy.
AB  - Hypertension is a common risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
      Guidelines suggest treating PAD patients to a blood pressure <130/80 mm Hg;
      therefore, our objective was to explore whether attainment of this target blood
      pressure is associated with improved outcomes. We performed a post hoc analysis
      of the INternational VErapamil-SR/Trandolapril STudy, a randomized clinical
      trial, which included hypertensive patients with concomitant PAD and coronary
      artery disease. There were 2699 PAD patients followed for a mean of 2.7 years (60
      970 patient-years). The primary outcome, all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial
      infarction, or nonfatal stroke, occurred in 16.3% of PAD patients versus 9.2%
      without PAD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.13 to 1.40]; P<0.0001). The
      primary outcome occurred least frequently among PAD patients treated to an
      average systolic blood pressure of 135 to 145 mm Hg and an average diastolic
      blood pressure of 60 to 90 mm Hg. PAD patients displayed a J-shape relationship
      with systolic blood pressure and the primary outcome, although individuals
      without PAD did not. PAD patients may require a different target blood pressure
      than those without PAD.

PMID- 19996067
TI  - Progress toward identifying potential markers for preeclampsia: role of agonistic
      autoantibody to the angiotensin II type I receptor.

PMID- 19996068
TI  - Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody is highly prevalent in preeclampsia:
      correlation with disease severity.
AB  - Preeclampsia (PE), a syndrome affecting 5% of pregnancies, characterized by
      hypertension and proteinuria, is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity
      and mortality. The condition is often accompanied by the presence of a
      circulating maternal autoantibody, the angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic
      autoantibody (AT(1)-AA). However, the prevalence of AT(1)-AA in PE remains
      unknown, and the correlation of AT(1)-AA titers with the severity of the disease
      remains undetermined. We used a sensitive and high-throughput luciferase bioassay
      to detect AT(1)-AA levels in the serum of 30 normal, 37 preeclamptic (10 mild and
      27 severe), and 23 gestational hypertensive individuals. Here we report that
      AT(1)-AA is highly prevalent in PE ( approximately 95%). Next, by comparing the
      levels of AT(1)-AA among women with mild and severe PE, we found that the titer
      of AT(1)-AA is proportional to the severity of the disease. Intriguingly, among
      severe preeclamptic patients, we discovered that the titer of AT(1)-AA is
      significantly correlated with the clinical features of PE: systolic blood
      pressure (r=0.56), proteinuria (r=0.70), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1
      level (r=0.71), respectively. Notably, only AT(1)-AA, and not soluble fms-like
      tyrosine kinase-1, levels are elevated in gestational hypertensive patients.
      These data serve as compelling clinical evidence that AT(1)-AA is highly
      prevalent in PE, and its titer is strongly correlated to the severity of the
      disease.

PMID- 19996069
TI  - Effect of intensive versus standard blood pressure lowering on diastolic function
      in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and diastolic dysfunction.
AB  - Diastolic dysfunction may precede development of heart failure in hypertensive
      patients. We randomized 228 patients with uncontrolled hypertension, preserved
      ejection fraction, and diastolic dysfunction to 2 targeted treatment strategies:
      intensive, with a systolic blood pressure target of <130 mm Hg, or standard, with
      a systolic blood pressure target of <140 mm Hg, using a combination of valsartan,
      either 160 or 320 mg, plus amlodipine, either 5 or 10 mg, with other
      antihypertensive medications as needed. Echocardiographic assessment of diastolic
      function was performed at baseline and after 24 weeks in a prospective, open
      label, blinded end point design. Blood pressure was reduced significantly in both
      groups, from 161.2+/-13.9/90.1+/-12.0 to 130.8+/-12.3/74.9+/-9.1 mm Hg (P<0.0001)
      in the intensive arm and from 162.1+/-13.2/93.7+/-12.2 to 137.0+/-12.9/79.6+/
      11.0 mm Hg (P<0.0001) in the standard arm (P<0.003 for between-group
      comparisons). Myocardial relaxation velocity improved from 7.6+/-1.1 to 9.2+/-1.7
      cm/s (Delta 1.54+/-1.4 cm/s; P<0.0001) in the intensive arm and from 7.5+/-1.3 to
      9.0+/-1.9 cm/s (Delta 1.48+/-1.6 cm/s; P<0.0001) in the standard arm, with no
      difference between the 2 strategies in the achieved improvement (P=0.58). The
      degree of improvement in annular relaxation velocity was associated with the
      extent of systolic blood pressure reduction, and patients with the lowest
      achieved systolic blood pressure had the highest final diastolic relaxation
      velocities.

PMID- 19996070
TI  - Lifetime vigorous but not light-to-moderate habitual physical activity impacts
      favorably on carotid stiffness in young adults: the amsterdam growth and health
      longitudinal study.
AB  - Higher levels of habitual physical activity favorably impact on arterial
      stiffness. It is not clear, however, whether lifetime habitual physical
      activities of different intensities carry the same protective effect and to what
      extent any such effect is mediated by other biological cardiovascular risk
      factors. We, therefore, examined longitudinal data on habitual physical activity
      and cardiovascular risk factors (8 repeated measures between the ages of 13 and
      36 years) in 373 subjects in whom stiffness estimates of the carotid artery were
      assessed at age 36 years using noninvasive ultrasonography. The time spent in
      habitual physical activities (in minutes per week) throughout the longitudinal
      period was compared between subjects across tertiles of the following stiffness
      estimates: beta-stiffness index, distensibility and compliance coefficients, and
      the Young's elastic modulus. After adjustments for sex, body height, and other
      lifestyle variables, subjects in the highest tertile of the beta-stiffness index
      (ie, with stiffer arteries) had spent, on average, throughout the longitudinal
      period, less time in vigorous (-26.5 [95% CI: -45.9 to -7.1]) but less so in
      light-to-moderate habitual physical activities (-11.2 [95% CI: -53.5 to 31.1]) as
      compared with subjects in the lowest tertile. The difference in time spent in
      vigorous activities was greatly attenuated when further adjusted for blood
      lipids, cardiorespiratory fitness, fat distribution, resting heart rate, and mean
      arterial pressure (to -11.2 [95% CI: -29.4 to 7.0]). Similar results were found
      for the other stiffness estimates. Promoting vigorous intensity physical
      activities among the healthy young may, therefore, prevent arterial stiffness and
      related cardiovascular sequelae later in life, partly through its favorable
      impact on other biological cardiovascular risk factors.

PMID- 19996072
TI  - Significance of perihematomal edema in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the
      INTERACT trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Uncertainty surrounds the effects of cerebral edema on outcomes in
      intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: We used data from the INTERACT trial to
      determine the predictors and prognostic significance of "perihematomal" edema
      over 72 hours after ICH. INTERACT included 404 patients with CT-confirmed ICH and
      elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) (150-220 mm Hg) who had the capacity to
      commence BP lowering treatment within 6 hours of ICH. Baseline and repeat CT (24
      and 72 hours) were performed using standardized techniques, with digital images
      analyzed centrally. Predictors of growth in edema were determined using
      generalized estimating equations, and its effects on clinical outcomes were
      estimated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Overall, 270 patients had 3
      sequential CT scans available for analyses. At baseline, there was a highly
      significant correlation between hematoma and perihematomal edema volumes (r(2) =
      0.45). Lower systolic BP and baseline hematoma volume were independently
      associated with absolute increase in perihematomal edema volume. History of
      hypertension, baseline hematoma volume, and earlier time from onset to CT were
      independently associated with relative increase in edema volume. Both absolute
      and relative increases in perihematomal edema growth were significantly
      associated with death or dependency at 90 days after adjustment for age, gender,
      and randomized treatment, but not when additionally adjusted for baseline
      hematoma volume. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of, and growth in, perihematomal edema
      are strongly related to the size of the underlying hematoma of acute
      intracerebral hemorrhage, and do not appear to have a major independent effect in
      determining the outcome from this condition.

PMID- 19996073
TI  - Gender differences in carotid imaging and revascularization following stroke.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy is performed less often in women than in men,
      but it is unknown whether this reflects differences in screening rates, disease
      prevalence, or other factors. METHODS: This was a cohort study of consecutive
      patients with acute stroke or TIA admitted to 11 Ontario stroke centers
      participating in the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network between July 1,
      2003, and September 30, 2007. We compared rates of carotid imaging, the severity
      of carotid stenosis, and rates of carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty within 6
      months of the index event in women vs men. RESULTS: We studied 6,389 patients
      (48% women) with ischemic stroke or TIA. Women were less likely than men to
      undergo carotid imaging (81% vs 86%, p < 0.0001); however, when the analysis was
      limited to patients without apparent contraindications to surgery, 92% received
      carotid imaging, with no difference between women and men. Women were less likely
      than men to have severe carotid stenosis (7.4% vs 11.5%, p < 0.0001). Women were
      half as likely as men to undergo carotid revascularization within 6 months of the
      index event (odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.70), but this
      gender difference was no longer significant in the subgroup with severe carotid
      stenosis (odds ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.15). CONCLUSIONS:
      Although women with ischemic stroke or TIA are less likely than men to undergo
      carotid screening and revascularization, this difference is largely explained by
      potential contraindications to surgery and by sex differences in the severity of
      carotid disease.

PMID- 19996074
TI  - The natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) carries the worst
      prognosis of the multiple sclerosis (MS) subtypes and is currently untreatable. A
      previous analysis of the British Columbia MS database challenged the view that
      disability progression is rapid in PPMS, but identified few predictors of disease
      progression. Here, we extend previous analyses in an updated PPMS retrospective
      cohort study of prevalent cases. METHODS: We used Kaplan-Meier survival analyses
      and Cox regression models to investigate the influence of gender, age at onset,
      and onset symptoms on time to and age at Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
      6.0 in patients with PPMS. RESULTS: Of 5,779 patients with definite MS, 552 (10%)
      had PPMS. Median time to EDSS 6.0 was 14.0 years (95% confidence interval [CI]
      11.3-16.7), reached at a median age of 58.6 years (95% CI 56.8-60.3). Sensory
      onset symptoms were associated with a longer time to and an older age at EDSS 6.0
      (multivariable hazard ratios 0.55 [95% CI 0.35-0.87] and 0.54 [0.35-0.85]).
      Younger age at disease onset was associated with a longer time to but a younger
      age at EDSS 6.0. Gender and other onset symptoms were not associated with these
      outcomes. Fifty patients with PPMS (9%) fulfilled criteria for benign MS (EDSS <
      or =3.0 after 10 years' disease duration). CONCLUSIONS: We identified 2
      predictors of a slower disease progression in primary progressive multiple
      sclerosis. Sensory onset symptoms were associated with both a longer time to and
      a higher age at Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6.0. A younger age at
      disease onset was associated with a longer time to EDSS 6.0, but patients with an
      early disease onset reached EDSS 6.0 at a younger age.

PMID- 19996075
TI  - Increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the chemokine CXCL13 in active
      MS.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence supports a major role of B cells in multiple
      sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. How B cells are recruited to the CNS is incompletely
      understood. Our objective was to study B-cell chemokine concentrations in MS,
      their relationship with disease activity, and how treatment with
      methylprednisolone and natalizumab affected the concentration in CSF. METHODS:
      Using a cross-sectional design, CSF and blood samples were obtained from cohorts
      of patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS
      (RRMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), or secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and
      noninflammatory neurologic disease control subjects. Some patients with RRMS were
      studied before and after treatment with methylprednisolone or natalizumab.
      RESULTS: In CSF, concentrations of CXCL13, but not CXCL12, were higher in
      patients with CIS, RRMS, SPMS, and PPMS than in controls. CSF concentrations of
      CXCL13 correlated with the CSF B-cell count, with markers of immune activation,
      and with disease activity in patients with CIS and RRMS. CSF concentrations of
      CXCL13 decreased after treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone and
      natalizumab. High CSF concentrations of CXCL13 correlated with low expression of
      messenger RNA encoding the immunoregulatory cytokines interleukin 10 and
      transforming growth factor beta1, but not with the expression of T-helper type 1
      (Th1) and Th17 factors. CONCLUSION: The chemokine CXCL13 may play a major role in
      recruitment of B cells and T-cell subsets expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR5
      to the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS), and may be a useful biomarker for
      treatment effects in MS. Furthermore, CXCL13 or its receptor CXCR5 should be
      considered as therapeutic targets in MS.

PMID- 19996076
TI  - Thalamic nuclei activity in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: an EEG-fMRI study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) are characterized by specific
      EEG changes including 3- to 5-Hz generalized spike-and-wave discharges. The
      thalamus and its cortical interactions are considered essential in the production
      and propagation of spike-and-wave discharges. In animal studies, corticoreticular
      and limbic system property changes have been observed in absence seizures and
      during spike-and-wave discharges and suggest the involvement of different types
      of thalamic nuclei. With the development of deep brain stimulation in epilepsy,
      the role of the thalamic nuclei needs to be clarified in human IGE. METHODS: Ten
      patients with IGE were recorded using 3T EEG-fMRI during spike-and-wave
      discharges. Hemodynamic response functions were calculated for 4 regions of
      interest corresponding to the anterior thalamic and centromedian and
      parafascicular (CM-Pf) nuclei of each thalamus. The time to peak of the
      hemodynamic response function was compared within thalamic structures (left
      compared to right) and between structures (anterior thalamic compared to CM-Pf
      nucleus). RESULTS: CM-Pf and anterior nucleus are both activated during GSWDs.
      However, the positive time to peak in the CM-Pf (4.4 +/- 2.5 s) occurred
      significantly earlier than in the anterior nucleus (7.6 +/- 3.2 s). CONCLUSIONS:
      We demonstrated in humans the involvement of the centromedian and parafascicular
      part of the corticoreticular system and of the anterior nucleus part of the
      limbic system during generalized spike-and-wave discharges. The different time
      courses suggest that the posterior intralaminar nuclei may be involved in
      epileptic discharge initiation or early propagation, while the anterior nucleus
      may only play a role in its maintenance. These results may help to understand the
      clinical effect of deep brain stimulation within thalamic nuclei in intractable
      idiopathic generalized epilepsy patients.

PMID- 19996077
TI  - EEG-fMRI: adding to standard evaluations of patients with nonlesional frontal
      lobe epilepsy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In patients with nonlesional frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), the
      delineation of the epileptogenic zone is difficult. Therefore these patients are
      often not considered for surgery due to an unclear seizure focus. The aim of this
      study was to investigate whether EEG-fMRI can add useful information in the
      preoperative evaluation of these patients. METHODS: Nine nonlesional FLE patients
      were studied with EEG-fMRI using a 3 T scanner. Spike-related blood oxygen level
      dependent (BOLD) signal changes were compared to the topography of the spikes and
      to PET and SPECT results if available. The structural MRIs were reviewed for
      subtle abnormalities in areas that showed BOLD responses. For operated patients,
      postoperative resection and histology were compared to BOLD responses. RESULTS:
      Concordance between spike localization and positive BOLD response was found in 8
      patients. PET and SPECT investigations corresponded with BOLD signal changes in 6
      of 7 investigations. In 2 cases, reviewing the structural MRI guided by EEG-fMRI
      data resulted in considering a suspicious deep sulcus. Two patients were
      operated. In 1, the resected cortex corresponded with the suspicious sulcus and
      fMRI results and histology showed cortical dysplasia. In another, histology
      revealed an extended microdysgenesis not visible on structural MRI. EEG-fMRI had
      shown activation just adjacent to the resected pathologic area. CONCLUSIONS: Our
      study provides different types of support (topography, concordance with PET and
      SPECT, structural peculiarities, postoperative histology) that EEG-fMRI may help
      to delineate the epileptic focus in patients with nonlesional frontal lobe
      epilepsy, a challenging group in the preoperative evaluation.

PMID- 19996078
TI  - Blepharospasm and the modulation of cortical excitability in primary and
      secondary motor areas.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Traditionally, benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is considered a
      disorder caused by basal ganglia dysfunction. Electrophysiologic and brain
      imaging studies suggest pathologic changes in excitability in the primary motor
      cortex (MC), anterior cingulate (AC), and secondary motor areas, such as premotor
      (PMC) and supplementary motor cortices (SMA). METHODS: In this pilot study of 7
      patients with BEB, we experimentally reduced cortical excitability of 4 areas: MC
      (first dorsal interosseus area), PMC, SMA, and AC, each with 3 noninvasive
      techniques: low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (lfrTMS),
      continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), and cathodal transcranial direct
      current stimulation (tDCS). Primary outcome was the clinical effects on
      blepharospasm (blink rate observation by an investigator blinded to the
      intervention and subjective rating by the patient); secondary outcome was the
      blink reflex recovery curve (BRR). RESULTS: lfrTMS resulted in a significant
      improvement over all 4 brain areas for physician rating, patient rating, and BRR,
      whereas cTBS and tDCS showed only trends for improvement in physician rating, but
      no improvements for patient rating and BRR. lfrTMS had a significantly higher
      effect over AC than MC for physician rating, but no differences were seen for
      other pairwise comparisons of stimulated brain areas. CONCLUSIONS:
      Electrophysiologic and clinical improvements by functional inhibition of the
      medial frontal areas using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic
      stimulation suggests that hypersensitivity of the anterior cingulate is directly
      or indirectly involved in the pathophysiology of benign essential blepharospasm.
      Inhibition of these areas using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic
      stimulation could provide a therapeutic tool and is worthy of a larger study.

PMID- 19996079
TI  - Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis following Well syndrome.

PMID- 19996080
TI  - Limbic encephalitis associated with antibodies to the NMDA receptor in Hodgkin
      lymphoma.

PMID- 19996081
TI  - Intramedullary Sjogren syndrome.

PMID- 19996082
TI  - Glut1 deficiency and alternating hemiplegia of childhood.

PMID- 19996083
TI  - Reflections: neurology and the humanities.

PMID- 19996084
TI  - Neurologic immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV/AIDS: outcome and
      epidemiology.

PMID- 19996085
TI  - Dural ectasia in Marfan syndrome.

PMID- 19996086
TI  - Mao-B inhibitor know-how: back to the pharm.

PMID- 19996087
TI  - Drosophila ORC localizes to open chromatin and marks sites of cohesin complex
      loading.
AB  - The origin recognition complex (ORC) is an essential DNA replication initiation
      factor conserved in all eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ORC binds to
      specific DNA elements; however, in higher eukaryotes, ORC exhibits little
      sequence specificity in vitro or in vivo. We investigated the genome-wide
      distribution of ORC in Drosophila and found that ORC localizes to specific
      chromosomal locations in the absence of any discernible simple motif. Although no
      clear sequence motif emerged, we were able to use machine learning approaches to
      accurately discriminate between ORC-associated sequences and ORC-free sequences
      based solely on primary sequence. The complex sequence features that define ORC
      binding sites are highly correlated with nucleosome positioning signals and
      likely represent a preferred nucleosomal landscape for ORC association. Open
      chromatin appears to be the underlying feature that is deterministic for ORC
      binding. ORC-associated sequences are enriched for the histone variant, H3.3,
      often at transcription start sites, and depleted for bulk nucleosomes. The
      density of ORC binding along the chromosome is reflected in the time at which a
      sequence replicates, with early replicating sequences having a high density of
      ORC binding. Finally, we found a high concordance between sites of ORC binding
      and cohesin loading, suggesting that, in addition to DNA replication, ORC may be
      required for the loading of cohesin on DNA in Drosophila.

PMID- 19996088
TI  - Fibrinolytic cross-talk: a new mechanism for plasmin formation.
AB  - Fibrinolysis and pericellular proteolysis depend on molecular coassembly of
      plasminogen and its activator on cell, fibrin, or matrix surfaces. We report here
      the existence of a fibrinolytic cross-talk mechanism bypassing the requirement
      for their molecular coassembly on the same surface. First, we demonstrate that,
      despite impaired binding of Glu-plasminogen to the cell membrane by epsilon
      aminocaproic acid (epsilon-ACA) or by a lysine-binding site-specific mAb, plasmin
      is unexpectedly formed by cell-associated urokinase (uPA). Second, we show that
      Glu-plasminogen bound to carboxy-terminal lysine residues in platelets, fibrin,
      or extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, laminin) is transformed into
      plasmin by uPA expressed on monocytes or endothelial cell-derived microparticles
      but not by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) expressed on neurons. A 2-fold
      increase in plasmin formation was observed over activation on the same surface.
      Altogether, these data indicate that cellular uPA but not tPA expressed by
      distinct cells is specifically involved in the recognition of conformational
      changes and activation of Glu-plasminogen bound to other biologic surfaces via a
      lysine-dependent mechanism. This uPA-driven cross-talk mechanism generates
      plasmin in situ with a high efficiency, thus highlighting its potential
      physiologic relevance in fibrinolysis and matrix proteolysis induced by
      inflammatory cells or cell-derived microparticles.

PMID- 19996089
TI  - Kinome-wide RNAi studies in human multiple myeloma identify vulnerable kinase
      targets, including a lymphoid-restricted kinase, GRK6.
AB  - A paucity of validated kinase targets in human multiple myeloma has delayed
      clinical deployment of kinase inhibitors in treatment strategies. We therefore
      conducted a kinome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) lethality study in myeloma
      tumor lines bearing common t(4;14), t(14;16), and t(11;14) translocations to
      identify critically vulnerable kinases in myeloma tumor cells without regard to
      preconceived mechanistic notions. Fifteen kinases were repeatedly vulnerable in
      myeloma cells, including AKT1, AK3L1, AURKA, AURKB, CDC2L1, CDK5R2, FES, FLT4,
      GAK, GRK6, HK1, PKN1, PLK1, SMG1, and TNK2. Whereas several kinases (PLK1, HK1)
      were equally vulnerable in epithelial cells, others and particularly G protein
      coupled receptor kinase, GRK6, appeared selectively vulnerable in myeloma. GRK6
      inhibition was lethal to 6 of 7 myeloma tumor lines but was tolerated in 7 of 7
      human cell lines. GRK6 exhibits lymphoid-restricted expression, and from
      coimmunoprecipitation studies we demonstrate that expression in myeloma cells is
      regulated via direct association with the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)
      chaperone. GRK6 silencing causes suppression of signal transducer and activator
      of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation associated with reduction in MCL1
      levels and phosphorylation, illustrating a potent mechanism for the cytotoxicity
      of GRK6 inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells. As mice that lack GRK6
      are healthy, inhibition of GRK6 represents a uniquely targeted novel therapeutic
      strategy in human multiple myeloma.

PMID- 19996091
TI  - Regulation of Treg functionality by acetylation-mediated Foxp3 protein
      stabilization.
AB  - Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specific subset of lymphocytes that are critical
      for the maintenance of self-tolerance. Expression levels of the transcription
      factor Foxp3 have been causally associated with Treg differentiation and
      function. Recent studies show that Foxp3 can also be transiently expressed in
      effector T cells; however, stable Foxp3 expression is required for development of
      a functional Treg suppressor phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that Foxp3 is
      acetylated, and this can be reciprocally regulated by the histone
      acetyltransferase p300 and the histone deacetylase SIRT1. Hyperacetylation of
      Foxp3 prevented polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, therefore
      dramatically increasing stable Foxp3 protein levels. Moreover, using mouse
      splenocytes, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cell clones, and skin
      derived T cells, we demonstrate that treatment with histone deacetylase
      inhibitors resulted in significantly increased numbers of functional Treg cells.
      Taken together, our data demonstrate that modulation of the acetylation state of
      Foxp3 provides a novel molecular mechanism for assuring rapid temporal control of
      Foxp3 levels in T cells, thereby regulating Treg numbers and functionality.
      Manipulating Foxp3 acetylation levels could therefore provide a new therapeutic
      strategy to control inappropriate (auto)immune responses.

PMID- 19996090
TI  - Role for ADAP in shear flow-induced platelet mechanotransduction.
AB  - Binding of platelets to fibrinogen via integrin alphaIIbbeta3 stimulates
      cytoskeletal reorganization and spreading. These responses depend on tyrosine
      phosphorylation of multiple proteins by Src family members and Syk. Among Src
      substrates in platelets is adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein
      (ADAP), an adapter with potential binding partners: SLP-76, VASP, and SKAP-HOM.
      During studies of platelet function under shear flow, we discovered that ADAP(-/
      ) mouse platelets, unlike ADAP+/+ platelets, formed unstable thrombi in response
      to carotid artery injury. Moreover, fibrinogen-adherent ADAP(-/-) platelets in
      shear flow ex vivo showed reduced spreading and smaller zones of contact with the
      matrix. These abnormalities were not observed under static conditions, and they
      could not be rescued by stimulating platelets with a PAR4 receptor agonist or by
      direct alphaIIbbeta3 activation with MnCl2, consistent with a defect in outside
      in alphaIIbbeta3 signaling. ADAP+/+ platelets subjected to shear flow assembled F
      actin-rich structures that colocalized with SLP-76 and the Rac1 exchange factor,
      phospho-Vav1. In contrast, platelets deficient in ADAP, but not those deficient
      in VASP or SKAP-HOM, failed to form these structures. These results establish
      that ADAP is an essential component of alphaIIbbeta3-mediated platelet
      mechanotransduction that promotes F-actin assembly and enables platelet spreading
      and thrombus stabilization under fluid shear stress.

PMID- 19996092
TI  - Calmodulin wraps around its binding domain in the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump
      anchored by a novel 18-1 motif.
AB  - Using solution NMR spectroscopy, we obtained the structure of Ca(2+)-calmodulin
      (holoCaM) in complex with peptide C28 from the binding domain of the plasma
      membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) pump isoform 4b. This provides the first atomic
      resolution insight into the binding mode of holoCaM to the full-length binding
      domain of PMCA. Structural comparison of the previously determined holoCaM.C20
      complex with this holoCaM.C28 complex supports the idea that the initial binding
      step is represented by (holoCaM.C20) and the final bound complex by
      (holoCaM.C28). This affirms the existing multi-step kinetic model of PMCA4b
      activation by CaM. The complex exhibits a new binding motif in which holoCaM is
      wrapped around helical C28 peptide using two anchoring residues from the peptide
      at relative positions 18 and 1. The anchors correspond to Phe-1110 and Trp-1093,
      respectively, in full-length PMCA4b, and the peptide and CaM are oriented in an
      anti-parallel manner. This is a greater sequence distance between anchors than in
      any of the known holoCaM complexes with a helical peptide. Analysis of the
      geometry of holoCaM-peptide binding for the cases where the target peptide adopts
      an alpha(D)-helix with its anchors buried in the main hydrophobic pockets of the
      two CaM lobes establishes that only relative sequential positions of 10, 14, 17,
      and 18 are allowed for the second anchor.

PMID- 19996093
TI  - The conformational transition pathway of ATP binding cassette transporter MsbA
      revealed by atomistic simulations.
AB  - ATP binding cassette transporters are integral membrane proteins that use the
      energy released from ATP hydrolysis at the two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs)
      to translocate a wide variety of substrates through a channel at the two
      transmembrane domains (TMDs) across the cell membranes. MsbA from Gram-negative
      bacteria is a lipid and multidrug resistance ATP binding cassette exporter that
      can undergo large scale conformational changes between the outward-facing and the
      inward-facing conformations revealed by crystal structures in different states.
      Here, we use targeted molecular dynamics simulation methods to explore the atomic
      details of the conformational transition from the outward-facing to the inward
      facing states of MsbA. The molecular dynamics trajectories revealed a clear
      spatiotemporal order of the conformational movements. The disruption of the
      nucleotide binding sites at the NBD dimer interface is the very first event that
      initiates the following conformational changes, verifying the assumption that the
      conformational conversion is triggered by ATP hydrolysis. The conserved x-loops
      of the NBDs were identified to participate in the interaction network that
      stabilizes the cytoplasmic tetrahelix bundle of the TMDs and play an important
      role in mediating the cross-talk between the NBD and TMD. The movement of the NBD
      dimer is transmitted through x-loops to break the tetrahelix bundle, inducing the
      packing rearrangements of the transmembrane helices at the cytoplasmic side and
      the periplasmic side sequentially. The packing rearrangement within each
      periplasmic wing of TMD that results in exposure of the substrate binding sites
      occurred at the end stage of the trajectory, preventing the wrong timing of the
      binding site accessibility.

PMID- 19996094
TI  - Regulation of virus-triggered signaling by OTUB1- and OTUB2-mediated
      deubiquitination of TRAF3 and TRAF6.
AB  - Ubiquitination and deubiquitination have emerged as critical post-translational
      regulatory mechanisms for activation or attenuation of the virus-triggered type I
      interferon (IFN)(2) induction pathways. In this study, we identified two
      deubiquitinating enzymes, OTUB1 and OTUB2, as negative regulators of virus
      triggered type I IFN induction. Overexpression of OTUB1 and OTUB2 inhibited virus
      induced activation of IRF3 and NF-kappaB, transcription of the IFNB1 gene as well
      as cellular antiviral response, whereas knockdown of OTUB1 and OTUB2 had opposite
      effects. Coimmunoprecipitations indicated OTUB1 and -2 interacted with TRAF3 and
      TRAF6, two E3 ubiquitin ligases required for virus-triggered IRF3 and NF-kappaB
      activation, respectively. Furthermore, we found that OTUB1 and OTUB2 mediated
      virus-triggered deubiquitination of TRAF3 and -6. These findings suggest that
      OTUB1 and OTUB2 negatively regulate virus-triggered type I IFN induction and
      cellular antiviral response by deubiquitinating TRAF3 and -6.

PMID- 19996095
TI  - Major role of epidermal growth factor receptor and Src kinases in promoting
      oxidative stress-dependent loss of adhesion and apoptosis in epithelial cells.
AB  - A growing body of evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species are critical
      components of cell signaling pathways, in particular regulating protein
      phosphorylation events. Here, we show that oxidative stress in response to
      hydrogen peroxide treatment of human epithelial cells induces robust tyrosine
      phosphorylation on multiple proteins. Using an anti-phosphotyrosine purification
      and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach, we have identified
      many of these H(2)O(2)-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Importantly, we
      show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src are the primary
      upstream kinases mediating these events through their redox activation. The
      finding that many of the identified proteins have functions in cell adhesion,
      cell-cell junctions, and the actin cytoskeleton prompted us to examine stress
      induced changes in adhesion. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that H(2)O(2)
      alters cell adhesion structures and the actin cytoskeleton causing loss of
      adhesion and apoptosis. Remarkably, these cellular changes could be attenuated by
      inhibition of EGFR and Src, identifying these kinases as targets to block
      oxidative damage. In summary, our data demonstrate that EGFR and Src together
      play a central role in oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation, which in turn
      results in loss of adhesion, morphological changes, and cell damage in epithelial
      cells. These data also provide a general model for redox signaling in other cell
      systems.

PMID- 19996096
TI  - A chemical genetic approach reveals that p38alpha MAPK activation by
      diphosphorylation aggravates myocardial infarction and is prevented by the direct
      binding of SB203580.
AB  - The use of nonselective pharmacological inhibitors has resulted in controversy
      regarding the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation during myocardial
      infarction. Classic p38 inhibitors such as SB203580 rely on a critical
      "gatekeeper" threonine residue for binding. We addressed these controversies by
      using mice in which the p38alpha alleles were targeted to cause substitution of
      the gatekeeper residue and resistance to inhibition. In homozygous drug-resistant
      compared with wild-type hearts, SB203580 failed to inhibit the activating
      phosphorylation of p38 or to reduce the infarction caused by myocardial ischemia.
      However, BIRB796, a p38 inhibitor not reliant on the gatekeeper for binding,
      similarly reduced p38-activating phosphorylation and infarction in both wild-type
      and knock-in mice, thereby excluding a nonspecific inhibitor-dependent phenotype
      resulting from the targeting strategy. Furthermore, the activation during
      myocardial ischemia involved phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine
      residues in the activation loop of p38 despite the phosphorylation of the
      threonine alone being sufficient to create the epitope for dual phosphospecific
      antibody binding. Finally, SB203580 failed to reduce infarction in heterozygous
      drug-resistant hearts, suggesting that near complete inhibition of p38alpha
      kinase activity is necessary to elicit protection. These results indicate that,
      during myocardial ischemia, p38alpha (i) is the dominant-active p38 isoform, (ii)
      contributes to infarction, (iii) is responsible for the cardioprotective effect
      of SB203580, and (iv) is activated by a mechanism consistent with
      autodiphosphorylation despite this necessitating the phosphorylation of a
      tyrosine residue by an archetypal serine/threonine kinase.

PMID- 19996097
TI  - Fbxo45, a novel ubiquitin ligase, regulates synaptic activity.
AB  - Neurons communicate with each other through synapses. To establish the precise
      yet flexible connections that make up neural networks in the brain, continuous
      synaptic modulation is required. The ubiquitin-proteasome system of protein
      degradation is one of the critical mechanisms that underlie this process, playing
      crucial roles in the regulation of synaptic structure and function. We identified
      a novel ubiquitin ligase, Fbxo45, that functions at synapses. Fbxo45 is
      evolutionarily conserved and selectively expressed in the nervous system. We
      demonstrated that the knockdown of Fbxo45 in primary cultured hippocampal neurons
      resulted in a greater frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. We
      also found that Fbxo45 induces the degradation of a synaptic vesicle-priming
      factor, Munc13-1. We propose that Fbxo45 plays an important role in the
      regulation of neurotransmission by modulating Munc13-1 at the synapse.

PMID- 19996098
TI  - Phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein is required for
      insulin-induced cell surface expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A
      receptors.
AB  - The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors play a pivotal role in
      fast synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system. One of the key factors
      for determining synaptic strength is the number of receptors on the postsynaptic
      membrane, which is maintained by the balance between cell surface insertion and
      endocytosis of the receptors. In this study, we investigated whether
      phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) is involved in
      insulin-induced GABA(A) receptor insertion. Insulin potentiated the GABA-induced
      Cl(-) current (I(GABA)) by about 30% in wild-type neurons, but not in PRIP1 and
      PRIP2 double-knock-out (DKO) neurons, suggesting that PRIP is involved in insulin
      induced potentiation. The phosphorylation level of the GABA(A) receptor beta
      subunit was increased by about 30% in the wild-type neurons but not in the mutant
      neurons, which were similar to the changes observed in I(GABA). We also revealed
      that PRIP recruited active Akt to the GABA(A) receptors by forming a ternary
      complex under insulin stimulation. The disruption of the binding between PRIP and
      the GABA(A) receptor beta-subunit by PRIP interference peptide attenuated the
      insulin potentiation of I(GABA). Taken together, these results suggest that PRIP
      is involved in insulin-induced GABA(A) receptor insertion by recruiting active
      Akt to the receptor complex.

PMID- 19996099
TI  - Identification of a suppressive mechanism for Hedgehog signaling through a novel
      interaction of Gli with 14-3-3.
AB  - Gli transcription factors are central effectors of Hedgehog signaling in
      development and tumorigenesis. Using a tandem affinity purification (TAP)
      strategy and mass spectrometry, we have found that Gli1 interacts with 14-3
      3epsilon, and that Gli2 and Gli3 also bind to 14-3-3epsilon through homologous
      sites. This interaction depends on their phosphorylation, and cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase (PKA), a known negative regulator of Hedgehog signaling serves as
      a responsible kinase. A Gli2 mutant engineered to eliminate this interaction
      exhibited increased transcriptional activity (2 approximately 3x).
      Transcriptional repression by 14-3-3 binding was also observed with Gli3, when
      its N-terminal repressor domain was deleted. The phosphorylation sites
      responsible for the binding to 14-3-3 are distinct from those required for
      proteolysis, the known mechanism for PKA-induced repression of Hh signaling. Our
      data propose a novel mechanism in which PKA down-regulates Hedgehog signaling by
      promoting the interaction between Gli and 14-3-3 as well as proteolysis. Given
      the certain neuronal or malignant disorders in human caused by the abnormality of
      17p13 encompassing 14-3-3epsilon overlap with increased Hh signaling, the Gli-14
      3-3 interaction may have pathological significance for those human diseases.

PMID- 19996100
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for the role of the flexible regions of the
      E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - Most bacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes from either gram-positive or gram
      negative bacteria have E1 components with an alpha(2) homodimeric quaternary
      structure. In a sequel to our previous publications, we present the first NMR
      study on the flexible regions of the E1 component from Escherichia coli and its
      biological relevance. We report sequence-specific NMR assignments for 6 residues
      in the N-terminal 1-55 region and for a glycine in each of the two mobile active
      center loops of the E1 component, a 200-kDa homodimer. This was accomplished by
      using site-specific substitutions and appropriate labeling patterns along with a
      peptide with the sequence corresponding to the N-terminal 1-35 amino acids of the
      E1 component. To study the functions of these mobile regions, we also examined
      the spectra in the presence of (a) a reaction intermediate analog known to affect
      the mobility of the active center loops, (b) an E2 component construct consisting
      of a lipoyl domain and peripheral subunit binding domain, and (c) a peptide
      corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the E2 peripheral subunit binding
      domain. Deductions from the NMR studies are in excellent agreement with our
      functional finding, providing a clear indication that the N-terminal region of
      the E1 interacts with the E2 peripheral subunit binding domain and that this
      interaction precedes reductive acetylation. The results provide the first
      structural support to the notion that the N-terminal region of the E1 component
      of this entire class of bacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes is responsible
      for binding the E2 component.

PMID- 19996101
TI  - Mechanism of substrate recognition and insight into feedback inhibition of
      homocitrate synthase from Thermus thermophilus.
AB  - Homocitrate synthase (HCS) catalyzes aldol-type condensation of acetyl coenzyme A
      (acetyl-CoA) and alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) to synthesize homocitrate (HC),
      which is the first and committed step in the lysine biosynthetic pathway through
      alpha-aminoadipate. As known in most enzymes catalyzing the first reactions in
      amino acid biosynthetic pathways, HCS is regulated via feedback inhibition by the
      end product, lysine. Here, we determined the crystal structures of HCS from
      Thermus thermophilus complexed with alpha-KG, HC, or lysine. In the HC complex,
      the C1-carboxyl group of HC, which is derived from acetyl-CoA, is hydrogen-bonded
      with His-292* from another subunit (indicated by the asterisk), indicating direct
      involvement of this residue in the catalytic mechanism of HCS. The crystal
      structure of HCS complexed with lysine showed that lysine is bound to the active
      site with rearrangement of amino acid residues in the substrate-binding site,
      which accounts for the competitive inhibition by lysine with alpha-KG. Comparison
      between the structures suggests that His-72, which is conserved in lysine
      sensitive HCSs and binds the C5-carboxyl group of alpha-KG, serves as a switch
      for the conformational change. Replacement of His-72 by leucine made HCS
      resistant to lysine inhibition, demonstrating the regulatory role of this
      conserved residue.

PMID- 19996102
TI  - Proline cis/trans-isomerase Pin1 regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated
      receptor gamma activity through the direct binding to the activation function-1
      domain.
AB  - The important roles of a nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated
      receptor gamma (PPARgamma) are widely accepted in various biological processes as
      well as metabolic diseases. Despite the worldwide quest for pharmaceutical
      manipulation of PPARgamma activity through the ligand-binding domain, very little
      information about the activation mechanism of the N-terminal activation function
      1 (AF-1) domain. Here, we demonstrate the molecular and structural basis of the
      phosphorylation-dependent regulation of PPARgamma activity by a peptidyl-prolyl
      isomerase, Pin1. Pin1 interacts with the phosphorylated AF-1 domain, thereby
      inhibiting the polyubiquitination of PPARgamma. The interaction and inhibition
      are dependent upon the WW domain of Pin1 but are independent of peptidyl-prolyl
      cis/trans-isomerase activity. Gene knockdown experiments revealed that Pin1
      inhibits the PPARgamma-dependent gene expression in THP-1 macrophage-like cells.
      Thus, our results suggest that Pin1 regulates macrophage function through the
      direct binding to the phosphorylated AF-1 domain of PPARgamma.

PMID- 19996103
TI  - Hepatic Bax inhibitor-1 inhibits IRE1alpha and protects from obesity-associated
      insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
AB  - The unfolded protein response (UPR) or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response
      is a physiological process enabling cells to cope with altered protein synthesis
      demands. However, under conditions of obesity, prolonged activation of the UPR
      has been shown to have deteriorating effects on different metabolic pathways.
      Here we identify Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1), an evolutionary conserved ER-membrane
      protein, as a novel modulator of the obesity-associated alteration of the UPR. BI
      1 partially inhibits the UPR by interacting with IRE1alpha and inhibiting
      IRE1alpha endonuclease activity as seen on the splicing of the transcription
      factor Xbp-1. Because we observed a down-regulation of BI-1 expression in liver
      and muscle of genetically obese ob/ob and db/db mice as well as in mice with diet
      induced obesity in vivo, we investigated the effect of restoring BI-1 expression
      on metabolic processes in these mice. Importantly, BI-1 overexpression by
      adenoviral gene transfer dramatically improved glucose metabolism in both
      standard diet-fed mice as well as in mice with diet-induced obesity and,
      critically, reversed hyperglycemia in db/db mice. This improvement in whole body
      glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity was due to dramatically reduced
      gluconeogenesis as shown by reduction of glucose-6-phosphatase and
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression. Taken together, these results
      identify BI-1 as a critical regulator of ER stress responses in the development
      of obesity-associated insulin resistance and provide proof of concept evidence
      that gene transfer-mediated elevations in hepatic BI-1 may represent a promising
      approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

PMID- 19996104
TI  - UTP controls cell surface distribution and vasomotor activity of the human P2Y2
      receptor through an epidermal growth factor receptor-transregulated mechanism.
AB  - Extracellular nucleotides transmit signals into the cells through the P2 family
      of cell surface receptors. These receptors are amply expressed in human blood
      vessels and participate in vascular tone control; however, their signaling
      mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show that in smooth muscle cells of isolated
      human chorionic arteries, the activation of the P2Y(2) receptor (P2Y(2)R) induces
      not only its partition into membrane rafts but also its rapid internalization.
      Cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin reduced the association of
      the agonist-activated receptor into membrane rafts but did not affect either the
      UTP-mediated vasoconstrictions or the vasomotor responses elicited by both
      serotonin and KCl. Ex vivo perfusion of human chorionic artery segments with 1-10
      mum UTP, a selective P2Y(2)R agonist, displaced the P2Y(2)R localization into
      membrane rafts within 1 min, a process preceded by the activation of both RhoA
      and Rac1 GTPases. AG1478, a selective and potent inhibitor of the epidermal
      growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity, not only blocked the UTP-induced
      vasomotor activity but also abrogated both RhoA and Rac1 activation, the P2Y(2)R
      association with membrane rafts, and its internalization. Altogether, these
      results show for the first time that the plasma membrane distribution of the
      P2Y(2)R is transregulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor, revealing an
      unsuspected functional interplay that controls both the membrane distribution and
      the vasomotor activity of the P2Y(2)R in intact human blood vessels.

PMID- 19996105
TI  - An alternative form of replication protein a expressed in normal human tissues
      supports DNA repair.
AB  - Replication protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric protein complex required for a
      large number of DNA metabolic processes, including DNA replication and repair. An
      alternative form of RPA (aRPA) has been described in which the RPA2 subunit (the
      32-kDa subunit of RPA and product of the RPA2 gene) of canonical RPA is replaced
      by a homologous subunit, RPA4. The normal function of aRPA is not known; however,
      previous studies have shown that it does not support DNA replication in vitro or
      S-phase progression in vivo. In this work, we show that the RPA4 gene is
      expressed in normal human tissues and that its expression is decreased in
      cancerous tissues. To determine whether aRPA plays a role in cellular physiology,
      we investigated its role in DNA repair. aRPA interacted with both Rad52 and Rad51
      and stimulated Rad51 strand exchange. We also showed that, by using a
      reconstituted reaction, aRPA can support the dual incision/excision reaction of
      nucleotide excision repair. aRPA is less efficient in nucleotide excision repair
      than canonical RPA, showing reduced interactions with the repair factor XPA and
      no stimulation of XPF-ERCC1 endonuclease activity. In contrast, aRPA exhibits
      higher affinity for damaged DNA than canonical RPA, which may explain its ability
      to substitute for RPA in the excision step of nucleotide excision repair. Our
      findings provide the first direct evidence for the function of aRPA in human DNA
      metabolism and support a model for aRPA functioning in chromosome maintenance
      functions in nonproliferating cells.

PMID- 19996106
TI  - Huntingtin-associated protein-1 interacts with pro-brain-derived neurotrophic
      factor and mediates its transport and release.
AB  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a pivotal role in brain
      development and synaptic plasticity. It is synthesized as a precursor (pro-BDNF),
      sorted into the secretory pathway, transported along dendrites and axons, and
      released in an activity-dependent manner. Mutant Huntingtin with expanded
      polyglutamine (polyQ) and the V66M polymorphism of BDNF reduce the dendritic
      distribution and axonal transport of BDNF. However, the mechanism underlying this
      defective transport remains unclear. Here, we report that Huntingtin-associated
      protein-1 (HAP1) interacts with the prodomain of BDNF and that the interaction
      was reduced in the presence of polyQ-expanded Huntingtin and BDNF V66M.
      Consistently, there was reduced coimmunoprecipitation of pro-BDNF with HAP1 in
      the brain homogenate of Huntington disease. Pro-BDNF distribution in the neuronal
      processes and its accumulation in the proximal and distal segments of crushed
      sciatic nerve and the activity-dependent release of pro-BDNF were abolished in
      HAP1(-/-) mice. These results suggest that HAP1 may participate in axonal
      transport and activity-dependent release of pro-BDNF by interacting with the BDNF
      prodomain. Accordingly, the decreased interaction between HAP1 and pro-BDNF in
      Huntington disease may reduce the release and transport of BDNF.

PMID- 19996107
TI  - Identification of novel pathways that control farnesoid X receptor-mediated
      hypocholesterolemia.
AB  - Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays important regulatory roles in bile acid,
      lipoprotein, and glucose homeostasis. Here, we have utilized Fxr(-/-) mice and
      mice deficient in scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), together with an FXR
      specific agonist and adenovirus expressing hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha or
      constitutively active FXR, to identify the mechanisms by which activation of FXR
      results in hypocholesterolemia. We identify a novel pathway linking FXR to
      changes in hepatic p-JNK, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, and finally SR-BI.
      Importantly, we demonstrate that the FXR-dependent increase in SR-BI results in
      both hypocholesterolemia and an increase in reverse cholesterol transport, a
      process involving the transport of cholesterol from peripheral macrophages to the
      liver for excretion into the feces. In addition, we demonstrate that FXR
      activation also induces an SR-BI-independent increase in reverse cholesterol
      transport and reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption. Together, these data
      indicate that FXR is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of
      hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 19996108
TI  - Mammalian TIMELESS is required for ATM-dependent CHK2 activation and G2/M
      checkpoint control.
AB  - Timeless (Tim), a core circadian clock gene in Drosophila, is retained in mammals
      but has no apparent mammalian circadian clock function. Mammalian TIM is
      essential for ATR-dependent Chk1 activation and S-phase arrest. We report that
      TIM is likewise essential for ATM-dependent Chk2-mediated signaling of
      doxorubicin-induced DNA double strand breaks. TIM depletion attenuates
      doxorubicin-induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and sensitizes cancer cells to
      doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. TIM is, thereby, a potential novel anticancer
      drug target whose inhibition may enhance the therapeutic cytotoxicity of agents
      that activate DNA damage pathways as part of their mechanism.

PMID- 19996109
TI  - Identification of human plasma proteins as major clients for the extracellular
      chaperone clusterin.
AB  - Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone that is likely to play an important
      role in protein folding quality control. This study identified three deposition
      disease-associated proteins as major plasma clients for clusterin by studying CLU
      client complexes formed in response to physiologically relevant stress (shear
      stress, approximately 36 dynes/cm(2) at 37 degrees C). Analysis of plasma samples
      by size exclusion chromatography indicated that (i) relative to control plasma,
      stressed plasma contained proportionally more soluble protein species of high
      molecular weight, and (ii) high molecular weight species were far more abundant
      when proteins purified by anti-CLU immunoaffinity chromatography from stressed
      plasma were compared with those purified from control plasma. SDS-PAGE and
      Western blot analyses indicated that a variety of proteins co-purified with CLU
      from both stressed and control plasma; however, several proteins were uniquely
      present or much more abundant when plasma was stressed. These proteins were
      identified by mass spectrometry as ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, and albumin.
      Immunodot blot analysis of size exclusion chromatography fractionated plasma
      suggested that CLU-client complexes generated in situ are very large and may
      reach >or=4 x 10(7) Da. Lastly, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      detected complexes containing CLU and ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, or albumin in
      stressed but not control plasma. We have previously proposed that CLU-client
      complexes serve as vehicles to dispose of damaged misfolded extracellular
      proteins in vivo via receptor-mediated endocytosis. A better understanding of
      these mechanisms is likely to ultimately lead to the identification of new
      therapies for extracellular protein deposition disorders.

PMID- 19996110
TI  - Endogenous nerve growth factor regulates collagen expression and bladder
      hypertrophy through Akt and MAPK pathways during cystitis.
AB  - Type I collagen forms the main constituent of the extracellular matrix in
      visceral organs. We reported here that cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis
      significantly increased the production of type I collagen in the inflamed bladder
      leading to increases in the bladder weight and the thickness of the bladder wall.
      The endogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) in the urinary bladder regulated type I
      collagen expression because the neutralizing NGF antibody attenuated cystitis
      induced type I collagen up-regulation in the inflamed bladder. Neutralizing NGF
      antibody also subsequently reversed cystitis-induced increases in bladder weight.
      Further studies on the intermediate signaling pathways mediating NGF-induced type
      I collagen expression in the inflamed bladder during cystitis revealed that Akt,
      JNK, and ERK1/2 activities were increased in the inflamed bladder, whereas p38
      MAPK remained unchanged. Suppression of endogenous NGF level with neutralizing
      NGF antibody significantly blocked the increased activity of Akt, JNK, and ERK1/2
      in the inflamed bladder during cystitis. These results indicate that endogenous
      NGF plays an important role in the activation of Akt and MAPK in the urinary
      bladder and in bladder hypertrophy during cystitis.

PMID- 19996112
TI  - Serum hepcidin: a novel diagnostic tool in disorders of iron metabolism.

PMID- 19996111
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid steroidomics: are bioactive bile acids present in brain?
AB  - In this study we have profiled the free sterol content of cerebrospinal fluid by
      a combination of charge tagging and liquid chromatography-tandem mass
      spectrometry. Surprisingly, the most abundant cholesterol metabolites were found
      to be C(27) and C(24) intermediates of the bile acid biosynthetic pathways with
      structures corresponding to 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oic acid (7.170
      +/- 2.826 ng/ml, mean +/- S.D., six subjects), 3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic
      acid (0.416 +/- 0.193 ng/ml), 7alpha,x-dihydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oic acid
      (1.330 +/- 0.543 ng/ml), and 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid (0.172 +/-
      0.085 ng/ml), and the C(26) sterol 7alpha-hydroxy-26-norcholest-4-ene-3,x-dione
      (0.204 +/- 0.083 ng/ml), where x is an oxygen atom either on the CD rings or more
      likely on the C-17 side chain. The ability of intermediates of the bile acid
      biosynthetic pathways to activate the liver X receptors (LXRs) and the farnesoid
      X receptor was also evaluated. The acidic cholesterol metabolites 3beta
      hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid and 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic
      acid were found to activate LXR in a luciferase assay, but the major metabolite
      identified in this study, i.e. 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oic acid, was
      not an LXR ligand. 7Alpha-hydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oic acid is formed from
      3beta,7alpha-dihydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in a reaction catalyzed by 3beta
      hydroxy-Delta(5)-C(27)-steroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B7), which may thus represent a
      deactivation pathway of LXR ligands in brain. Significantly, LXR activation has
      been found to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer disease (Fan, J., Donkin, J., and
      Wellington C. (2009) Biofactors 35, 239-248); thus, cholesterol metabolites may
      play an important role in the etiology of Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 19996113
TI  - Molecular basis of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms.

PMID- 19996114
TI  - New flow cytometry in hematologic malignancies.

PMID- 19996115
TI  - The significance of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

PMID- 19996116
TI  - Granulocyte transfusion therapy: randomization after all?

PMID- 19996117
TI  - Granulocyte transfusions in severe aplastic anemia: an eleven-year experience.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Infections, particularly those caused by invasive fungi, are a major
      cause of death in patients with severe aplastic anemia. The purpose of this study
      was to analyze our experience with granulocyte transfusions in such patients.
      DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with
      severe aplastic anemia who had received granulocyte transfusions between 1997 and
      2007 in our institute. Survival to hospital discharge was the primary outcome.
      Secondary outcomes included microbiological, radiographic and clinical responses
      of the infection at 7 and 30 days after initiating granulocyte therapy, and post
      transfusion absolute neutrophil count, stratified by HLA alloimmunization status.
      RESULTS: Thirty-two patients with severe aplastic anemia underwent granulocyte
      transfusions; the majority had received horse antithymocyte globulin and
      cyclosporine A. One quarter of patients had demonstrable HLA alloimmunization
      prior to the initiation of granulocyte therapy. Infections were evenly divided
      between invasive bacterial and fungal infections unresponsive to maximal
      antibiotic and/or antifungal therapy. The median number of granulocyte components
      transfused was nine (range, 2-43). The overall survival to hospital discharge was
      58%. Survival was strongly correlated with hematopoietic recovery. Among the 18
      patients who had invasive fungal infections, 44% survived to hospital discharge.
      Response at 7 and 30 days correlated with survival. The mean post-transfusion
      absolute neutrophil count did not differ significantly between response groups
      (i.e. patients grouped according to whether they had complete or partial
      resolution of infection, stable disease or progressive infection). There was also
      no difference in mean post-transfusion absolute neutrophil count between the
      patients divided according to HLA alloimmunization status. CONCLUSIONS:
      Granulocyte transfusions may have an adjunctive role in severe infections in
      patients with severe aplastic anemia. HLA alloimmunization is not an absolute
      contraindication to granulocyte therapy.

PMID- 19996118
TI  - Timing of acquisition of deletion 13 in plasma cell dyscrasias is dependent on
      genetic context.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
      and smoldering multiple myeloma harbor common chromosomal abnormalities but the
      prevalence and relative association of aberrations in these diagnostic groups
      remains controversial. We investigated these aspects in a large series of
      patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Chromosome 13 deletion (Delta13), deletion of TP53,
      ploidy status and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) translocations were evaluated
      by fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of
      undetermined significance (n=189), smoldering multiple myeloma (n=127) and
      multiple myeloma (n=400). RESULTS: Overall, Delta13 (25%, 34% and 47%), 16q23
      deletions (6%, 8% and 21%) and 17p13 deletions (3%, 1% and 10%) were less
      frequent in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and
      smoldering multiple myeloma than in those with multiple myeloma. When distinct
      genetic groups were considered, no differences in the prevalence of Delta13 were
      found with t(4;14)(p16;q32) and t(14;16)(q32;q23) among the three diagnostic
      groups; in contrast Delta13 was rarer in t(11;14)(q13;q32) in patients with
      monoclonal gammopathy (1/28) and smoldering myeloma (2/13) than in those with
      multiple myeloma (40%). Similar results were seen for the few t(6;14)(p21;q32)
      cases: 0/3 patients with monoclonal gammopathy or smoldering myeloma had the
      Delta13, whereas 4/6 (67%) patients with multiple myeloma and this translocation
      also had the deletion. In multiple myeloma patients with both an IgH
      translocation and Delta13, the proportions of cells affected by the two
      abnormalities were similar, as was the case for t(4;14) and t(14;16) monoclonal
      gammopathy patients positive for Delta13. In contrast, in monoclonal gammopathy
      patients with t(14;20)(q32;q11), the translocation was present in almost all
      cells, while the Delta13 was present in only a sub-population. CONCLUSIONS: These
      results indicate that the presence and time of occurrence of Delta13 depends on
      the presence of specific concurrent abnormalities. The observation that Delta13
      was extremely rare in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and
      smoldering multiple myeloma with translocations directly involving cyclin D genes
      (CCND1 and CCND3) suggest a possible role of Delta13 in the progression of the
      disease specifically in these genetic sub-groups. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier:
      ISRCTN 68454111; UKCRN ID 1176).

PMID- 19996119
TI  - Results of the first international round robin for the quantification of urinary
      and plasma hepcidin assays: need for standardization.
AB  - The recently discovered iron regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin holds promise as
      a novel biomarker in iron metabolism disorders. To date, various mass
      spectrometry and immunochemical methods have been developed for its
      quantification in plasma and urine. Differences in methodology and analytical
      performance hinder the comparability of data. As a first step towards method
      harmonization, several hepcidin assays were compared. Worldwide eight
      laboratories participated in a urinary and plasma round robin in which hepcidin
      was analyzed. For both urine and plasma: (i) the absolute hepcidin concentrations
      differed widely between methods, (ii) the between-sample variation and the
      analytical variation of the methods are similar. Importantly, the analytical
      variation as percentage of the total variance is low for all methods, indicating
      their suitability to distinguish hepcidin levels of different samples. Spearman
      correlations between methods were generally high. The round robin results inform
      the scientific and medical community on the status and agreement of the current
      hepcidin methods. Ongoing initiatives should facilitate standardization by
      exchanging calibrators and representative samples.

PMID- 19996120
TI  - What is the optimal treatment for biphenotypic acute leukemia?

PMID- 19996122
TI  - The GPIIbIIIa antagonist drugs eptifibatide and tirofiban do not induce
      activation of apoptosis executioner caspase-3 in resting platelets but inhibit
      caspase-3 activation in platelets stimulated with thrombin or calcium ionophore
      A23187.

PMID- 19996128
TI  - 14-day repeat-dose oral toxicity evaluation of oxazyme in rats and dogs.
AB  - Oxazyme (OC4) is an orally administered formulation that has as an active
      component a recombinant mutant form of Bacillus subtilis oxalate decarboxylase
      (OxDC) enzyme C383S, designed to degrade dietary oxalate in the stomach. Fourteen
      day repeat-dose studies were conducted in rats and dogs to evaluate toxicity and
      determine a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Animals were administered
      OC4 by oral gavage twice daily for 14 consecutive days. Reversibility,
      progression, and delayed appearance of any observed changes were evaluated in a
      subset of animals that underwent a recovery of 7 days following 14 days of
      control or test-article. There were no test-article-related adverse effects or
      deaths in either species. Results indicate that the NOAEL under the conditions
      used in the studies was 720.8 mg/kg/d in rats and 187.2 mg/kg/d in dogs, the high
      dose tested in each species.

PMID- 19996129
TI  - Chromosomal alterations and mutagen sensitivity in human mucosal cells of the
      oropharynx and lymphocytes caused by BPDE.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In addition to exogenous risk factors, the development of head and
      neck cancer is based on genetic alterations and individual mutagen sensitivity.
      DNA damage caused by xenobiotics is not uniformly distributed over the DNA, as
      certain chromosomes and genes are more likely to be damaged than others. The DNA
      damaging effect of xenobiotics and the specific sites of chromosomal changes
      require further investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to evaluate
      mutagen sensitivity in macroscopically healthy mucosal tissue of 30 patients with
      (15) and without cancer (15) of the oropharynx, three different chromosomes
      (chromosomes 3, 5 and 8) involved in carcinogenesis of the oropharynx and one
      control chromosome (chromosome 1) were examined. After incubation with
      benz[a]pyren-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), a tobacco-associated carcinogen, comet
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to assess DNA damage of
      these chromosomes. Furthermore, lymphocytes and macroscopically healthy mucosal
      cells of the oropharynx were assessed using FISH after their incubation with BPDE
      in order to evaluate loss and gain of DNA in these chromosomes. RESULTS: BPDE
      caused significant DNA damage compared to the negative control in oropharyngeal
      mucosa cells of patients with and without carcinoma. No difference was observed
      between mutagen sensitivity of patients suffering from cancer of the oropharynx
      and patients without malignancy. In cells from patients suffering from squamous
      cell carcinoma, significantly higher DNA damage was found in chromosome 5 and 8
      after incubation with BPDE and application of comet FISH. No difference was found
      in patients without cancer of the head and neck. After application of FISH, no
      difference in the amount of DNA was found in chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 8, neither
      in lymphocytes nor in mucosal cells from both groups. No DNA gain or loss was
      detected. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the higher sensitivity of chromosomes 5
      and 8 of normal epithelial cells of oropharyngeal cancer patients to BPDE. These
      effects were shown in macroscopically healthy tissue of such patients for the
      first time. Therefore, we suggest that these are early onset effects in
      carcinogenesis of the head and neck. No such effect was shown for chromosome 3
      and control chromosome 1.

PMID- 19996123
TI  - Mutant prion protein expression is associated with an alteration of the Rab GDP
      dissociation inhibitor alpha (GDI)/Rab11 pathway.
AB  - The prion protein (PrP) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane
      glycoprotein that plays a vital role in prion diseases, a class of fatal
      neurodegenerative disorders of humans and animals. Approximately 20% of human
      prion diseases display autosomal dominant inheritance and are linked to mutations
      in the PrP gene on chromosome 20. PrP mutations are thought to favor the
      conformational conversion of PrP into a misfolded isoform that causes disease by
      an unknown mechanism. The PrP mutation D178N/Met-129 is linked to fatal familial
      insomnia, which causes severe sleep abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction. We
      showed by immunoelectron microscopy that this mutant PrP accumulates abnormally
      in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of transfected neuroblastoma N2a cells. To
      investigate the impact of intracellular PrP accumulation on cellular homeostasis,
      we did a two-dimensional gel-based differential proteomics analysis. We used wide
      range immobilized pH gradient strips, pH 4-7 and 6-11, to analyze a large number
      of proteins. We found changes in proteins involved in energy metabolism, redox
      regulation, and vesicular transport. Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (GDI)
      was one of the proteins that changed most. GDI regulates vesicular protein
      trafficking by acting on the activity of several Rab proteins. We found a
      specific reduction in the level of functional Rab11 in mutant PrP-expressing
      cells associated with impaired post-Golgi trafficking. Our data are consistent
      with a model by which mutant PrP induces overexpression of GDI, activating a
      cytotoxic feedback loop that leads to protein accumulation in the secretory
      pathway.

PMID- 19996130
TI  - Inhibition of mTOR Activates the MAPK Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme.
AB  - Tumorigenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive primary
      intracranial neoplasm, is associated with aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
      Inhibitors of mTOR, such as rapamycin (RAPA) or its analogs, have provided
      limited benefit. Here, we aim to decipher the signaling pathways involved in RAPA
      resistance. We found that RAPA induced a time-dependent activation of MAPK
      (pERK1/2) and MEK1/2. Inhibition of upstream kinase MEK1/2 by U0126 partially
      suppressed RAPA-induced ERK1/2 activation. Small interfering RNA suppression of
      mTOR resulted in higher pERK1/2 levels and pre-treatment with RAPA potentiated
      PDGF-induced activation of ERK1/2. Furthermore, nuclear localization of pERK1/2
      was evident following RAPA, which was MEK1/2-dependent. Cell proliferation was
      significantly suppressed by combined MEK1/2 and mTOR inhibition compared to mTOR
      inhibition alone. These results demonstrate activation of a mitogenic pathway
      involving a feedback mechanism between mTOR and PI3K/ERK1/2 and support the basis
      for combined inhibitors in GBM treatment.

PMID- 19996131
TI  - Resveratrol induces apoptosis in human SK-HEP-1 hepatic cancer cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Resveratrol, a phytochemical present in grapes, berries, and red
      wines, has been reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. To explore
      the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer activity, the apoptotic
      activity of resveratrol in hepatic cancer cells was investigated. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: 1-Dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis were used to determine proteomic
      expression profiles in SK-Hep-1 cells. RESULTS: Resveratrol inhibited cell
      proliferation, generated reactive oxygen species, and caused DNA single-strand
      breaks. 2D gel electrophoresis showed one up-regulated protein (Ras-related
      protein Rab 37) and five down-regulated proteins (annexin A8, thymidine kinase,
      maspin, peroxiredoxin-2, and guanine nucleotide-binding protein). Most of the
      proteins obtained from the 2D gel electrophoresis were identified as apoptosis
      related proteins. From the 1D gel electrophoresis analysis, 14 proteins were
      identified which had no matched peptide sequence in the controls at the level of
      even one unique peptide unit. Resveratrol regulated the expression of proteins
      involved in the redox pathways and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol causes
      hepatic cancer cell death by suppressing the expression of antioxidant proteins.

PMID- 19996132
TI  - Proteome profiling of arsenic trioxide-treated human hepatic cancer cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)), a major compound in traditional Chinese
      medicine, is known to be an effective anticancer agent in acute promyelocytic
      leukemia (APL). The effects of As(2)O(3) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
      SK-Hep-1 cells were studied employing proteomics-based methodologies. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: Using 1-dimensional electrophoresis (1DE) and liquid chromatography
      electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight analysis, the whole proteomes of
      the control and As(2)O(3)-treated cells were profiled. RESULTS: In all, 207 and
      62 proteins, which were specifically found in control and As(2)O(3)-treated
      cells, respectively, were classified with their biological processes by gene
      ontology (GO) annotation. The GO data indicated that 16 proteins were closely
      associated with apoptotic mechanisms. As(2)O(3)-induced DNA damage and oxidative
      stress that accompanied apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells were observed using comet
      assay and 5-and-6-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
      fluorescence microscopy, respectively. CONCLUSION: The anticancer activities of
      As(2)O(3) may be mediated by DNA damage- and reactive oxygen species-induced
      apoptotic mechanisms which involve the proteins identified in this study.

PMID- 19996133
TI  - Chromosomal alterations in mini organ cultures of human oropharyngeal mucosa
      cells caused by hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is a known exogenous risk factor for carcinogenesis
      in the head and neck. In addition to exogenous risk factors, the development of
      head and neck cancer is based on genetic alterations and individual mutagen
      sensitivity. DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is not uniformly
      distributed over the DNA, as certain chromosomes and genes are more likely to be
      damaged than others. The ability to repair damaged DNA sufficiently is a
      necessity in order to prevent carcinogenesis. The DNA-damaging effect of ROS, the
      specific sites of chromosomal changes and DNA repair in those regions require
      further investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to evaluate DNA damage in
      macroscopically healthy mucosal tissue of 37 patients with (15) and without
      cancer (22) of the oropharynx, four different chromosomes (chromosomes 3, 5, 8
      and 11) involved in carcinogenesis of the oropharynx were examined. After
      incubation with H(2)O(2), comet FISH was applied to assess DNA damage of these
      chromosomes. The extent of DNA repair was evaluated in the same samples after a
      24-hour repair period. RESULTS: H(2)O(2) caused significant DNA damage in
      oropharyngeal mucosal cells of patients with and without carcinoma. DNA
      fragmentation of all chromosomes investigated in the two groups was comparable.
      No differences were observed between mutagen sensitivity of patients suffering
      from cancer of the oropharynx and those without malignancy for any of the
      observed chromosomes. On the other hand, chromosomal DNA damage of these specific
      chromosomes was significantly higher than the average DNA fragmentation of the
      entire DNA in both groups. DNA repair led to a significant decrease in DNA damage
      in all groups. Controls tend to have a better DNA repair in all of the analysed
      chromosomes. However, these differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: The
      increased chromosomal DNA fragmentation in comparison to that of the entire DNA
      indicates the contribution of the investigated chromosomes to carcinogenesis in
      the oropharynx. DNA repair in those chromosomes might play a role in
      carcinogenesis of the oropharynx, but further investigations are warranted.

PMID- 19996134
TI  - Diagnostic microRNA markers for screening sporadic human colon cancer and active
      ulcerative colitis in stool and tissue.
AB  - By routinely and systematically being able to perform quantitative stem-loop
      reverse transcriptase followed by TaqMan PCR expression analysis on stool and
      tissue samples using fifteen human (Homo sapiens, hsa) micro(mi)RNA genes
      selected by careful analysis of the peer-reviewed literature, we were able to
      monitor changes at various stages of CRC, allowing for reliable diagnostic
      screening of colon cancer particularly at the early, pre-malignant stages, and
      for difficult-to-treat active ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the expression of
      some of the miRNA genes tested in tissue showed less variability in CRC or UC
      patients than in stool, the stool by itself appears well-suited to screening. A
      miRNA approach using stool samples promises to offer more sensitivity and
      specificity than currently used screening genomic, methylomic or proteomic
      methods for colon cancer. Larger prospective clinical studies utilizing stool
      derived from many control, colon cancer or UC patients, to allow for a
      statistically valid analysis, are now urgently required to standardize test
      performance and determine the true sensitivity and specificity of the miRNA
      screening approach, and to provide a numerical underpinning for these diseases as
      a function of total RNA. Moreover, when a miRNA screening test is combined with
      analysis of a messenger(m)RNA expression test, which has also been considered in
      earlier studies to be a highly sensitive and a very specific and reliable
      transcriptomic approach, as outlined in this article, bioinformatics can be used
      to correlate microRNA seed data with mRNA target data in order to gain a
      mechanistic understanding of how miRNAs regulate gene expression, enabling
      understanding of why these miRNA genes should be informative in a screening test.

PMID- 19996135
TI  - High-dose tranexamic Acid is associated with nonischemic clinical seizures in
      cardiac surgical patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 2 separate centers, we observed a notable increase in the
      incidence of postoperative convulsive seizures from 1.3% to 3.8% in patients
      having undergone major cardiac surgical procedures. These events were temporally
      coincident with the initial use of high-dose tranexamic acid (TXA) therapy after
      withdrawal of aprotinin from general clinical usage. The purpose of this review
      was to perform a retrospective analysis to examine whether there was a relation
      between TXA usage and seizures after cardiac surgery. METHODS: An in-depth chart
      review was undertaken in all 24 patients who developed perioperative seizures.
      Electroencephalographic activity was recorded in 11 of these patients, and all
      patients had a formal neurological evaluation and brain imaging studies. RESULTS:
      Twenty-one of the 24 patients did not have evidence of new cerebral ischemic
      injury, but seizures were likely due to ischemic brain injury in 3 patients. All
      patients with seizures did not have permanent neurological abnormalities. All 24
      patients with seizures received high doses of TXA intraoperatively ranging from
      61 to 259 mg/kg, had a mean age of 69.9 years, and 21 of 24 had undergone open
      chamber rather than coronary bypass procedures. All but one patient were managed
      using cardiopulmonary bypass. No evidence of brain ischemic, metabolic, or
      hyperthermia-induced causes for their seizures was apparent. CONCLUSION: Our
      results suggest that use of high-dose TXA in older patients in conjunction with
      cardiopulmonary bypass and open-chamber cardiac surgery is associated with
      clinical seizures in susceptible patients.

PMID- 19996136
TI  - An anesthesiologist with an allergy to multiple neuromuscular blocking drugs: a
      new occupational hazard.
AB  - We report a case of a final-year anesthesiology trainee who developed a severe
      allergic reaction to cutaneous exposure of succinylcholine. Intradermal testing
      was strongly positive to succinylcholine and all the aminosteroid neuromuscular
      blocking drugs (NMBDs). Specific immunoglobulin E to succinylcholine was also
      strongly positive. This unusual case of an anesthesiologist acquiring an allergy
      to an NMBD through occupational exposure has a significant effect on his practice
      of anesthesia. However, by avoiding operating rooms with a high usage of NMBDs
      and by wearing personal protective equipment, the anesthesiologist has worked in
      clinical anesthesia without incident.

PMID- 19996137
TI  - Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa using a lateral
      approach: onset time comparing separate tibial and common peroneal nerve
      injections versus injecting proximal to the bifurcation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that blocking the tibial and common peroneal nerves
      individually using ultrasound distal to sciatic bifurcation would decrease time
      to complete block compared with a block proximal to the bifurcation. METHODS:
      Seventy-six patients undergoing foot or ankle surgery received a sciatic nerve
      block either proximal or distal to the point of bifurcation. A mixture of 28 mL
      1.5% mepivacaine with 100 microg clonidine and 1 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate for a
      total of 30 mL was used. Ultrasound was used to guide needle adjustments to
      achieve circumferential spread. Block success was defined as a loss of sensation
      to pinprick in both nerve distributions within 46 minutes. RESULTS: Patients in
      the tibial-peroneal group had significantly faster time to complete block than
      the sciatic group (19.2 vs 26.1 minutes; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Blocking the
      tibial and common peroneal nerves in the popliteal fossa separately provides for
      a faster onset than a prebifurcation sciatic block.

PMID- 19996138
TI  - Pulse pressure and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Data from longitudinal studies reveal that widened pulse pressure
      (PP) is a major predictor of coronary heart disease and mortality, but it is
      unknown whether PP similarly decreases survival after coronary artery bypass
      graft (CABG) surgery for coronary heart disease. We therefore assessed long-term
      survival in patients with increased PP at the time of presentation for CABG
      surgery. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study of patients
      undergoing CABG surgery between January 1993 and July 2004, 973 subjects were
      included for assessment of long-term survival. Baseline arterial blood pressure
      (BP) measurements were defined as the median of the first 3 measurements recorded
      by the automated record keeping system before induction of anesthesia. The effect
      of baseline PP on survival after surgery was evaluated using a Cox proportional
      hazards regression model and bootstrap resampling with baseline mean arterial BP,
      systolic BP, diastolic BP, diabetes, Hannan risk index, aprotinin use, and
      cardiopulmonary bypass time as covariates. RESULTS: There were 220 deaths (22.9%)
      during the follow-up period (median, 7.3 yr [Q1: 5, Q3: 10 yr]) including 94
      deaths from cardiovascular causes. Increased baseline PP was a significant
      predictor of reduced long-term survival (P < 0.001) along with Hannan risk index
      (P < 0.001), duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (P < 0.001), and diabetes (P <
      0.001). Baseline systolic (P = 0.40), diastolic (P = 0.38), and mean arterial BPs
      (P = 0.78) were not associated with long-term survival. The hazard ratio for PP
      (adjusted for other covariates in the model) was 1.11 (1.05-1.18) per 10-mm Hg
      increase. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in perioperative PP is associated with poor
      long-term survival after CABG surgery. Together with our previous report linking
      PP to in-hospital fatal and nonfatal vascular complications, the established
      models for surgical risk assessment, patient counseling, and treatment should be
      revised to include PP.

PMID- 19996139
TI  - Activity of the siderophore monobactam BAL30072 against multiresistant non
      fermenters.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We tested the activity of BAL30072, a novel siderophore monobactam,
      against multiresistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia
      cepacia group and Acinetobacter spp. and against laboratory P. aeruginosa strains
      with defined resistance mechanisms. METHODS: MICs were determined on Mueller
      Hinton agar supplemented with 2,2' bipyridyl to induce iron transport;
      comparators were aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam.
      RESULTS: BAL30072 was strikingly active against Acinetobacter baumannii, with 73%
      of 200 carbapenemase-producing isolates, most of them belonging to the UK
      dominant OXA-23 clone 1 and SE clone lineages, susceptible at 1 mg/L and 89% at 8
      mg/L. Resistance nevertheless was seen in a few representatives of these clones
      and appeared commoner among isolates representing other A. baumannii clones.
      Sixty-eight per cent of 50 B. cepacia complex isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF)
      were susceptible to BAL30072 at 1 mg/L and 78% at 8 mg/L, compared with only 22%
      susceptible to aztreonam at 8 mg/L. Activity against P. aeruginosa was good,
      though less dramatic, with 36% of 50 (mostly multiresistant) CF isolates
      susceptible at 8 mg/L, compared with 12% susceptible to aztreonam at 8 mg/L.
      BAL30072 was active against 11/19 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa
      at 8 mg/L compared with 3/19 for aztreonam (12/19 versus 8/19 at 16 mg/L).
      Studies on P. aeruginosa mutants, isolates and transconjugants showed that
      BAL30072 was affected by efflux, AmpC and by a few uncommon acquired beta
      lactamases, including some extended-spectrum OXA types and PER-1. CONCLUSIONS:
      BAL30072 displayed impressive activity against many carbapenemase-producing A.
      baumannii, particularly against the two clones most prevalent in the UK, and also
      against B. cepacia complex isolates from CF; it was more active than aztreonam
      against P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 19996140
TI  - Fungicidal activity of anidulafungin in serum from patients does not correlate to
      its susceptible breakpoint against Candida spp.

PMID- 19996141
TI  - Cloverleaf test (modified Hodge test) for detecting carbapenemase production in
      Klebsiella pneumoniae: be aware of false positive results.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of carbapenemases
      in a Klebsiella pneumoniae collection and the performance of the modified Hodge
      test (MHT) to correctly identify this phenotype. METHODS: Twenty-eight K.
      pneumoniae clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were
      evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing were performed by
      agar dilution and PFGE, respectively. The MHT was performed using both standard
      and high inoculum of test organisms. Imipenem hydrolysis was investigated by
      spectrophotometric assays and carbapenemase-encoding genes were identified by PCR
      and amplicon sequencing. Porin loss was investigated by both PCR and SDS-PAGE.
      RESULTS: Susceptibility rates for imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem were 93%, 57%
      and 11%, respectively. The PFGE analysis showed seven unrelated genotypes. By
      testing standard inoculum and ertapenem or meropenem discs, 25% (n = 7) and 21%
      (n = 6) of the isolates were classified as carbapenemase producers, respectively.
      When a higher inoculum was employed, these rates increased to 54% (n = 15) and
      43% (n = 12), respectively. No imipenem hydrolysis was detected. PCRs identified
      bla(CTX-M) in 27 (96%) isolates, of which 2 isolates also carried bla(GES-1.) SDS
      PAGE and PCR assays revealed that all isolates had lost at least one outer
      membrane protein, except for a single isolate that was found to express both
      OmpK35 and OmpK36. CONCLUSIONS: False detection of carbapenemase production was
      observed by the MHT possibly as a result of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
      (ESBL) production coupled with porin loss as reported before. Clinical
      laboratories must be aware of this fact, especially in geographical areas where
      ESBL-producing isolates are highly prevalent.

PMID- 19996142
TI  - In vitro activity of antifungal combinations against Candida albicans biofilms.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity
      and synergism of the combinations of amphotericin B/caspofungin and amphotericin
      B/posaconazole against Candida albicans, grown either as planktonic cells or in
      biofilms. METHODS: Ten C. albicans bloodstream isolates used in this study were
      collected from intensive care patients admitted to the Vienna University Hospital
      between 2006 and 2007. Chequerboard tests were employed to determine the efficacy
      of the antifungal combinations amphotericin B/caspofungin and amphotericin
      B/posaconazole against both planktonic cells and biofilms. C. albicans biofilms
      were prepared using the static microtitre plate model. The activity of antifungal
      combination therapy was determined by visual reading for planktonic cells and
      using the XTT assay for biofilms. RESULTS: For Candida biofilms the median MIC
      was 4 mg/L for amphotericin B and caspofungin, and >256 mg/L for posaconazole.
      The combination amphotericin B/posaconazole yielded synergism [fractional
      inhibitory concentration index (FICI) <0.26], whereas amphotericin B/caspofungin
      yielded indifferent interaction only (FICI 0.75-1.25) against all isolates when
      grown in biofilms. Under planktonic conditions, synergism was demonstrable for
      the combination amphotericin B/caspofungin against 4 of the 10 isolates, whereas
      the combination of caspofungin/posaconazole was indifferent against all tested
      isolates. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that MICs for planktonic and biofilm forms of C.
      albicans were much lower when treated with an antifungal combination than when
      treated with single agents. The combination of amphotericin B/posaconazole
      yielded synergism against Candida biofilms, whereas amphotericin B/caspofungin
      yielded indifferent interaction.

PMID- 19996143
TI  - Harmonization of antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints in Europe:
      implications for reporting intermediate susceptibility.
AB  - Harmonization of antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints across Europe
      has resulted in the reintroduction of the intermediate susceptibility
      categorization into the BSAC susceptibility testing method for a wide range of
      antibiotic pathogen test pairs. The implications of this, for laboratories and
      prescribers, are discussed.

PMID- 19996144
TI  - Global spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We have investigated the molecular epidemiology and distribution of
      carbapenemase genes in 492 imipenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii
      worldwide isolates (North and Latin America, Europe, Asia, South Africa and
      Australia). METHODS: MICs were determined by broth microdilution and Etest. The
      presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes was investigated by PCR. Molecular
      epidemiology was performed by repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR;
      DiversiLab), sequence-type multiplex PCR and PFGE. RESULTS: Imipenem non
      susceptibility was associated with ISAba1 upstream of the intrinsic bla(OXA-51
      like) or the acquired carbapenemase bla(OXA-23-like), bla(OXA-40-like) or bla(OXA
      58-like). Isolates were grouped into eight distinct clusters including European
      clones I, II and III. European clone II was the largest (246 isolates) and most
      widespread group (USA, pan-Europe, Israel, Asia, Australia and South Africa).
      CONCLUSIONS: The global dissemination of eight carbapenem-resistant lineages
      illustrates the success this organism has had in epidemic spread. The acquired
      OXA enzymes are widely distributed but are not the sole carbapenem resistance
      determinant in A. baumannii.

PMID- 19996145
TI  - Smoking characteristics of community corrections clients.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: While smoking rates are 3-4 times higher among criminal justice
      populations than in the general population, no studies have previously examined
      smoking characteristics in a community corrections population. METHODS: The
      current study involved descriptive analyses of self-reported survey data from 217
      criminal justice supervisees reporting for urine drug screens during a 5-day
      period at a community corrections facility in the southeastern United States.
      RESULTS: Most participants were current smokers (72.3%), males (65.9%), and Black
      (50.2%) who reported smoking three fourths of a pack of cigarettes per day and
      had been smoking for about 15 years. More than half of smokers reported that they
      would be interested in receiving cessation assistance if free help were available
      and of these, 60% were interested in pharmacotherapy. White smokers used more
      cigarettes per day, were more likely to have already tried medication to help
      them quit smoking, and were also more interested in pharmacotherapies and less
      interested in behavioral therapies compared with Black smokers. Female smokers
      did not differ from male smokers on key smoking characteristics, but male smokers
      were more likely to have tried or regularly used other tobacco products, such as
      cigars. Female smokers were significantly more likely to report interest in using
      a pharmacotherapy agent for future cessation, while male smokers reported more
      interest in nonpharmacotherapy approaches to quit smoking. DISCUSSION: Results
      from this study highlight important differences among smoking groups and may
      indicate the need to test tailored smoking interventions.

PMID- 19996147
TI  - Protein kinase C delta: a master regulator of apoptosis in neointimal thickening?

PMID- 19996146
TI  - Menstrual cycle and cue reactivity in women smokers.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Emerging research suggests potential effects of the menstrual cycle
      on various aspects of smoking behavior in women, but results to date have been
      mixed. The present study sought to explore the influence of menstrual cycle phase
      on reactivity to smoking in vivo and stressful imagery cues in a sample of non
      treatment-seeking women smokers. METHODS: Via a within-subjects design, nicotine
      dependent women (N = 37) participated in a series of four cue reactivity
      sessions, each during a distinct biologically verified phase of the menstrual
      cycle (early follicular [EF], mid-follicular [MF], mid-luteal [ML], and late
      luteal [LL]). Subjective (Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief; QSU-B) and
      physiological (skin conductance and heart rate) measures of craving and
      reactivity were collected and compared across phases. RESULTS: Subjective
      reactive craving (QSU-B) to smoking in vivo cues varied significantly across the
      menstrual cycle (p = .02) and was higher in both EF and MF phases versus ML and
      LL phases, but this finding was not sustained when controlling for reactivity to
      neutral cues. Heart rate reactivity to stressful imagery cues (p = .01) and skin
      conductance reactivity to smoking in vivo cues (p = .05) varied significantly
      across the menstrual cycle upon controlling for reactivity to neutral cues, with
      highest reactivity during the MF phase. DISCUSSION: Menstrual cycle phase may
      have an effect on reactivity to smoking-related and stressful cues among women
      smokers. These findings contribute to an expanding literature, suggesting
      menstrual cycle effects on smoking behaviors in women.

PMID- 19996148
TI  - Narrowing the boundaries of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia.
AB  - Genetic architecture of a disease comprises the number, frequency, and effect
      sizes of genetic risk alleles and the way in which they combine together. Before
      the genomic revolution, the only clue to underlying genetic architecture of
      schizophrenia came from the recurrence risks to relatives and the segregation
      patterns within families. From these clues, very simple genetic architectures
      could be rejected, but many architectures were consistent with the observed
      family data. The new era of genome-wide association studies can provide further
      clues to the genetic architecture of schizophrenia. We explore models of genetic
      architecture by description rather than the mathematics that underpins them. We
      conclude that the new genome-wide data allow us to narrow the boundaries on the
      models of genetic architecture that are consistent with the observed data. A
      genetic architecture of many common variants of moderate (relative risk >
      approximately 1.2) can be excluded, yet there is evidence that current generation
      genome-wide chips do tag an important proportion of the genetic variation for
      schizophrenia and that the underlying causal variants will include common
      variants of small effect as well as rarer variants of larger effect. Together,
      these observations imply that the total number of genetic variants is very large-
      of the order of thousands. The first generation of studies have generated
      hypotheses that should be testable in the near future and will further narrow the
      boundaries on genetic architectures that are consistent with empirical data.

PMID- 19996149
TI  - In vitro characterization and pharmacokinetics of dapagliflozin (BMS-512148), a
      potent sodium-glucose cotransporter type II inhibitor, in animals and humans.
AB  - (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(3-(4-Ethoxybenzyl)-4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro
      2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (dapagliflozin; BMS-512148) is a potent sodium-glucose
      cotransporter type II inhibitor in animals and humans and is currently under
      development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The preclinical
      characterization of dapagliflozin, to allow compound selection and prediction of
      pharmacological and dispositional behavior in the clinic, involved Caco-2 cell
      permeability studies, cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibition and induction studies,
      P450 reaction phenotyping, metabolite identification in hepatocytes, and
      pharmacokinetics in rats, dogs, and monkeys. Dapagliflozin was found to have good
      permeability across Caco-2 cell membranes. It was found to be a substrate for P
      glycoprotein (P-gp) but not a significant P-gp inhibitor. Dapagliflozin was not
      found to be an inhibitor or an inducer of human P450 enzymes. The in vitro
      metabolic profiles of dapagliflozin after incubation with hepatocytes from mice,
      rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans were qualitatively similar. Rat hepatocyte
      incubations showed the highest turnover, and dapagliflozin was most stable in
      human hepatocytes. Prominent in vitro metabolic pathways observed were
      glucuronidation, hydroxylation, and O-deethylation. Pharmacokinetic parameters
      for dapagliflozin in preclinical species revealed a compound with adequate oral
      exposure, clearance, and elimination half-life, consistent with the potential for
      single daily dosing in humans. The pharmacokinetics in humans after a single dose
      of 50 mg of [(14)C]dapagliflozin showed good exposure, low clearance, adequate
      half-life, and no metabolites with significant pharmacological activity or
      toxicological concern.

PMID- 19996150
TI  - Ectopic expression of an esterase, which is a candidate for the unidentified
      plant cutinase, causes cuticular defects in Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - Cutinase is an esterase that degrades the polyester cutin, a major component of
      the plant cuticle. Although cutinase activity has been detected in pollen, the
      genes encoding this enzyme have not been identified. Here, we report the
      identification and characterization of Arabidopsis CDEF1 (cuticle destructing
      factor 1), a novel candidate gene encoding cutinase. CDEF1 encodes a member of
      the GDSL lipase/esterase family of proteins, although fungal and bacterial
      cutinases belong to the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily which is different from
      the GDSL lipase/esterase family. According to the AtGenExpress microarray data,
      CDEF1 is predominantly expressed in pollen. The ectopic expression of CDEF1
      driven by the 35S promoter caused fusion of organs, including leaves, stems and
      flowers, and increased surface permeability. Ultrastructural analysis revealed
      that the cuticle of the transgenic plants was often disrupted and became
      discontinuous. Subcellular analysis with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged
      CDEF1 showed that the protein is secreted to the extracellular space in leaves.
      The recombinant CDEF1 protein has esterase activity. These results are consistent
      with cutinase being secreted from cells and directly degrading the polyester in
      the cuticle. CDEF1 promoter activity was detected in mature pollen and pollen
      tubes, suggesting that CDEF1 is involved in the penetration of the stigma by
      pollen tubes. Additionally, we found CDEF1 expression at the zone of lateral root
      emergence, which suggests that CDEF1 degrades cell wall components to facilitate
      the emergence of the lateral roots. Our findings suggest that CDEF1 is a
      candidate gene for the unidentified plant cutinase.

PMID- 19996151
TI  - Towards a systems approach for lignin biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa:
      transcript abundance and specificity of the monolignol biosynthetic genes.
AB  - As a step toward a comprehensive description of lignin biosynthesis in Populus
      trichocarpa, we identified from the genome sequence 95 phenylpropanoid gene
      models in 10 protein families encoding enzymes for monolignol biosynthesis.
      Transcript abundance was determined for all 95 genes in xylem, leaf, shoot and
      phloem using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We identified 23 genes that
      most probably encode monolignol biosynthesis enzymes during wood formation.
      Transcripts for 18 of the 23 are abundant and specific to differentiating xylem.
      We found evidence suggesting functional redundancy at the transcript level for
      phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate:CoA
      ligase (4CL), p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate shikimate p
      hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) and
      coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase (CAld5H). We carried out an enumeration-based
      motif identification and discriminant analysis on the promoters of all 95 genes.
      Five core motifs correctly discriminate the 18 xylem-specific genes from the 77
      non-xylem genes. These motifs are similar to promoter elements known to regulate
      phenylpropanoid gene expression. This work suggests that genes in monolignol
      biosynthesis are regulated by multiple motifs, often related in sequence.

PMID- 19996152
TI  - Identification and characterization of nCLP2, a novel C1q family protein
      expressed in the central nervous system.
AB  - The C1q family is characterized by the C-terminally conserved globular C1q (gC1q)
      domain. Although more than 30 C1q family proteins have been identified in
      mammals, many of them remain ill-defined with respect to their molecular and
      biological properties. Here, we report on a novel C1q family protein specifically
      expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), which we designated neural C1q
      like protein (nCLP) 2. nCLP2 was secreted as disulphide-bonded multimers
      comprising trimeric units. The multimers were stabilized by interchain disulphide
      bonds involving the cysteine residues in the N-terminal variable region and the C
      terminal gC1q domain. The expression of nCLP2 was restricted to several brain
      regions and retina, including regions associated with memory formation (i.e.
      hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus). Immunoelectron
      microscopy revealed that nCLP2 was localized in the mossy fibre axons of
      hippocampal granule cells and their synaptic boutons and clefts, implying that
      nCLP2 was anterogradely transported in mossy fibres and secreted from the
      presynaptic termini. These results suggest that nCLP2 plays roles in synaptic
      function and maintenance in the CNS.

PMID- 19996153
TI  - The role of care neglect and supervisory neglect in childhood obesity in a
      disadvantaged sample.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Assess the roles of care neglect and supervisory neglect, and the
      moderating influence of child age on childhood obesity. Study Design Child BMI,
      parental care neglect, and supervisory neglect were assessed in an ethnically
      diverse sample of 571 young children from two Midwestern States. Hierarchical
      linear regression was used to assess the influence of both forms of neglect and
      the moderating role of age. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of the children were
      overweight and 16.3% were obese. Care neglect significantly correlated with child
      BMI for younger but not older children, while supervisory neglect significantly
      correlated with child BMI for older but not younger children. CONCLUSIONS: The
      impact of two types of neglect on obesity varied across age, highlighting the
      importance of differentiating between types of neglectful parenting when
      addressing the high rate of childhood obesity in disadvantaged children.

PMID- 19996154
TI  - An herbal nasal drop enhanced frontal and anterior cingulate cortex activity.
AB  - The present study examined the neuro-electrophysiological activity of the brain
      associated with the application of a herbal remedy developed by a Shaolin monk
      based upon the Chan healing principle of clearing the orifices (i.e., the nasal
      cavities). A repeated-measures design was used. Fourteen normal adults were
      administered herbal remedy and saline solution intranasally on separate sessions.
      Two intervals of eyes-closed resting EEG data were obtained individually before
      and after each administration. Results showed that only the herbal remedy but not
      the saline solution induced elevation in cordance, an index correlated with
      cerebral perfusion, in the anterior brain region. In addition, the activity of
      the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as examined by the LORETA analysis, was also
      increased after the application of the herbal remedy but not saline solution. The
      present study provided some preliminary evidence suggesting that the herbal nasal
      drop enhanced the activity of the frontal lobe and ACC. Implications for the
      potential clinical application of the herbal remedy to treat patients with
      frontal lobe disorders were discussed.

PMID- 19996155
TI  - Modulation of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Vascular Leakage in Rats by Seabuckthorn
      (Hippophae rhamnoides L.).
AB  - Cerebral and pulmonary syndromes may develop in unacclimatized individuals
      shortly after ascent to high altitude resulting in high altitude illness, which
      may occur due to extravasation of fluid from intra to extravascular space in the
      brain, lungs and peripheral tissues. The objective of the present study was to
      evaluate the potential of seabuckthorn (SBT) (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf
      extract (LE) in curtailing hypoxia-induced transvascular permeability in the
      lungs by measuring lung water content, leakage of fluorescein dye into the lungs
      and further confirmation by quantitation of albumin and protein in the
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Exposure of rats to hypoxia caused a
      significant increase in the transvascular leakage in the lungs. The SBT LE
      treated animals showed a significant decrease in hypoxia-induced vascular
      permeability evidenced by decreased water content and fluorescein leakage in the
      lungs and decreased albumin and protein content in the BALF. The SBT extract was
      also able to significantly attenuate hypoxia-induced increase in the levels of
      proinflammatory cytokines and decrease hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by
      stabilizing the levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes.
      Pretreatment of the extract also resulted in a significant decrease in the
      circulatory catecholamines and significant increase in the vasorelaxation of the
      pulmonary arterial rings as compared with the controls. Further, the extract
      significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced increase in the VEGF levels in the
      plasma, BALF (ELISA) and lungs (immunohistochemistry). These observations suggest
      that SBT LE is able to provide significant protection against hypoxia-induced
      pulmonary vascular leakage.

PMID- 19996156
TI  - A clinical trial of kampo formulae for the treatment of symptoms of yusho, a
      poisoning caused by dioxins and related organochlorine compounds.
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional
      herbal medicines (Kampo) on the symptoms of Yusho. Yusho is a mass food poisoning
      that was caused by ingestion of rice oil contaminated with dioxins and related
      organochlorines in 1968. Patients with Yusho suffer from skin symptoms (acneform
      eruptions, liability to suppuration and pigmentation), respiratory symptoms
      (cough and expectoration of sputum), neurological symptoms (numbness and
      paresthesia of extremities), arthralgia and general fatigue, and no effective
      treatment has yet been developed. In this clinical trial, four Kampo formulae
      (Bakumondo-to, Keigai-rengyo-to, Gosha-jinki-gan and Hochu-ekki-to) were
      administered to four representative Yusho symptoms (respiratory, skin,
      neurological symptoms and general fatigue), respectively. Twenty-seven Yusho
      patients were enrolled and two formulae were administered to each patient for
      half-a-year each. The effectiveness of Kampo formulae was estimated by changes in
      the intensity of symptoms measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 100 mm
      recorded at baseline and after administration of each formula. The influence of
      Kampo formulae on patients' quality of life (QOL) was also assessed by the SF-36
      (NBS). Twenty-five patients completed the treatment. Bakumondo-to significantly
      improved respiratory symptoms as well as patients' QOL in the context of
      vitality, compared with other formulae. In contrast, Hochu-ekki-to impaired
      patients' QOL in the context of physical functioning and vitality, compared with
      other formulae. This study demonstrated for the first time that a Kampo formula
      Bakumondo-to is useful for treating respiratory symptoms caused by dioxins.

PMID- 19996158
TI  - Effect of pregnancy and progesterone concentration on expression of genes
      encoding for transporters or secreted proteins in the bovine endometrium.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial expression
      patterns of genes encoding transporters, as well as selected secreted proteins
      that may be regulated by progesterone (P4) and/or the presence of the conceptus
      in the bovine endometrium. Estrus-synchronized beef heifers were randomly
      assigned to either: 1) pregnant, high P4; 2) pregnant, normal P4; 3) cyclic, high
      P4; or 4) cyclic, normal P4. Uteri were collected on days 5, 7, 13, and 16 of the
      estrous cycle or pregnancy. Localization of mRNAs for ANPEP, CTGF, LPL, LTF, and
      SLC5A1 in the uteri was determined by radioactive in situ hybridization, and
      expression quantified in the endometria by quantitative real-time PCR. ANPEP
      localized to luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia of all
      heifers on days 5 and 7 only. SLC5A1 mRNA was detected in the LE and sGE on days
      13 and 16 in all heifers, and expression increased on day 16 in pregnant groups.
      CTGF localized weakly to the LE and GE on days 5 and 7 but increased on days 13
      and 16 with an increase (P < 0.05) in CTGF expression in high P4 (day 7) and
      pregnant heifers (day 16). Both LPL and LTF localized to the GE only on days 5
      and 7. In conclusion we have characterized the temporal expression pattern of
      these genes and modulation of their transcript abundance by P4 (CTGF, LPL) and/or
      the conceptus (CTGF, SLC5A1) likely modifies the uterine microenvironment,
      enhancing histotroph composition and contributing to advanced conceptus
      elongation.

PMID- 19996157
TI  - Differential effects of leptin receptor mutation on male and female BBDR Gimap5
      /Gimap5- spontaneously diabetic rats.
AB  - Rodents homozygous for autosomal leptin receptor gene mutations not only become
      obese, insulin resistant, and hyperleptinemic but also develop a dysregulated
      immune system. Using marker-assisted breeding to introgress the Koletsky rat
      leptin receptor mutant (lepr-/lepr-), we developed a novel congenic BBDR.(lepr
      /lepr-) rat line to study the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in
      the BioBreeding (BB) diabetes-resistant (DR) rat. While heterozygous lepr (-/+)
      or homozygous (+/+) BBDR rats remained lean and metabolically normal, at 3 wk of
      age all BBDR.(lepr-/lepr-) rats were obese without hyperglycemia. Between 45 and
      70 days of age, male but not female obese rats developed T2D. We had previously
      developed congenic BBDR.(Gimap5-/Gimap5-) rats, which carry an autosomal
      frameshift mutation in the Gimap5 gene linked to lymphopenia and spontaneous
      development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) without sex differences. Because the
      autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic islet beta-cells may be affected
      not only by obesity but also by the absence of leptin receptor signaling, we next
      generated BBDR.(lepr-/lepr-,Gimap5-/Gimap5-) double congenic rats carrying the
      mutation for Gimap5 and T1D as well as the Lepr mutation for obesity and T2D. The
      hyperleptinemia rescued end-stage islets in BBDR.(lepr-/lepr-,Gimap5-/Gimap5-)
      congenic rats and induced an increase in islet size in both sexes, while T1D
      development was delayed and reduced only in females. These results demonstrate
      that obesity and T2D induced by introgression of the Koletsky leptin receptor
      mutation in the BBDR rat result in islet expansion associated with protection
      from T1D in female but not male BBDR.(lepr-/lepr-,Gimap5-/Gimap5-) congenic rats.
      BBDR.(lepr-/lepr-,Gimap5-/Gimap5-) congenic rats should prove valuable to study
      interactions between lack of leptin receptor signaling, obesity, and sex-specific
      T2D and T1D.

PMID- 19996159
TI  - Absence of AVPR2 copy number variation in eunatremic and dysnatremic subjects in
      non-Hispanic Caucasian populations.
AB  - Copy number variation (CNV) is increasingly recognized as a source of phenotypic
      variation among humans. We hypothesized that a CNV in the human arginine
      vasopressin receptor-2 gene (AVPR2) would be associated with serum sodium
      concentration based on the following lines of evidence: 1) the protein product of
      the AVPR2 gene is essential for renal water conservation; 2) mutations in the
      AVPR2 gene are associated with aberrant water balance in humans; 3) heritability
      of serum sodium concentration may be greater in females than in males; 4) the
      AVPR2 gene is X-linked; and 5) a common CNV spanning the AVPR2 gene was recently
      described in a non-Hispanic Caucasian population. We developed a highly
      reproducible assay for AVPR2 CNV. Among 279 subjects with measured serum sodium
      concentration in the Offspring Cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, no subjects
      exhibited CNV at the AVPR2 locus. Among 517 subjects in the Osteoporotic
      Fractures in Men Study (MrOS)-including 152 with hyponatremia and 183 with
      hypernatremia-no subjects with CNV at the AVPR2 locus were identified. CNV at the
      AVPR2 locus could not be independently confirmed, and CNV at the AVPR2 gene is
      unlikely to influence systemic water balance on a population-wide basis in non
      Hispanic Caucasian subjects. A novel AVPR2 single nucleotide polymorphism
      affecting the reporter hybridization site gave rise to an artifactually low copy
      number signal (i.e., less than unity) in one male African American subject.
      Reanalysis of the original comparative genomic hybridization data revealed bona
      fide CNVs flanking-but not incorporating-the AVPR2 gene, consistent with our new
      genotyping data.

PMID- 19996161
TI  - Effects of reduced frequency of milk removal on gene expression in the bovine
      mammary gland.
AB  - Regulation of milk synthesis and secretion is controlled mostly through local
      (intramammary) mechanisms. To gain insight into the molecular pathways comprising
      this response, an analysis of mammary gene expression was conducted in 12
      lactating cows shifted from twice daily to once daily milking. Tissues were
      sampled by biopsy from adjacent mammary quarters of these animals during the two
      milking frequencies, allowing changes in gene expression to be assessed within
      each animal. Using bovine-specific, oligonucleotide arrays representing 21,495
      unique transcripts, a range of differentially expressed genes were found as a
      result of less frequent milk removal, constituting transcripts and pathways
      related to apoptotic signaling (NF-kappaB, JUN, ATF3, IGFBP5, TNFSF12A)
      mechanical stress and epithelial tight junction synthesis (CYR61, CTGF, THBS1,
      CLDN4, CLDN8), and downregulated milk synthesis (LALBA, B4GALT1, UGP2, CSN2,
      GPAM, LPL). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of 13
      genes in the study, and all 13 of these were correlated (P < 0.05) with values
      derived from array analysis. It can be concluded that the physiological changes
      that occur in the bovine mammary gland as a result of reduced milk removal
      frequency likely comprise the earliest stages of the involution response and that
      mechano-signal transduction cascades associated with udder distension may play a
      role in triggering these events.

PMID- 19996160
TI  - Proteomic profiling of nuclei from native renal inner medullary collecting duct
      cells using LC-MS/MS.
AB  - Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that regulates renal water excretion in part
      through its actions on the collecting duct. The regulation occurs in part via
      control of transcription of genes coding for the water channels aquaporin-2
      (Aqp2) and aquaporin-3 (Aqp3). To identify transcription factors expressed in
      collecting duct cells, we have carried out LC-MS/MS-based proteomic profiling of
      nuclei isolated from native rat inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDs). To
      maximize the number of proteins identified, we matched spectra to rat amino acid
      sequences using three different search algorithms (SEQUEST, InsPecT, and OMSSA).
      All searches were coupled to target-decoy methodology to limit false-discovery
      identifications to 2% of the total for single-peptide identifications. In
      addition, we developed a computational tool (ProMatch) to identify and eliminate
      ambiguous identifications. With this approach, we identified >3,500 proteins,
      including 154 proteins classified as "transcription factor" proteins (Panther
      Classification System). Among these, are members of CREB, ETS, RXR, NFAT, HOX,
      GATA, EBOX, EGR, MYT1, KLF, and CP2 families, which were found to have
      evolutionarily conserved putative binding sites in the 5'-flanking region or
      first intron of the Aqp2 gene, as well as members of EBOX, NR2, GRE, MAZ, KLF,
      and SP1 families corresponding to conserved sites in the 5'-flanking region of
      the Aqp3 gene. In addition, several novel phosphorylation sites in nuclear
      proteins were identified using the neutral loss-scanning LC-MS(3) technique. The
      newly identified proteins have been incorporated into the IMCD Proteome Database
      (http://dir.nhlbi.nih.gov/papers/lkem/imcd/).

PMID- 19996163
TI  - HIGEDA: a hierarchical gene-set genetics based algorithm for finding subtle
      motifs in biological sequences.
AB  - MOTIVATION: Identification of motifs in biological sequences is a challenging
      problem because such motifs are often short, degenerate, and may contain gaps.
      Most algorithms that have been developed for motif-finding use the expectation
      maximization (EM) algorithm iteratively. Although EM algorithms can converge
      quickly, they depend strongly on initialization parameters and can converge to
      local sub-optimal solutions. In addition, they cannot generate gapped motifs. The
      effectiveness of EM algorithms in motif finding can be improved by incorporating
      methods that choose different sets of initial parameters to enable escape from
      local optima, and that allow gapped alignments within motif models. RESULTS: We
      have developed HIGEDA, an algorithm that uses the hierarchical gene-set genetic
      algorithm (HGA) with EM to initiate and search for the best parameters for the
      motif model. In addition, HIGEDA can identify gapped motifs using a position
      weight matrix and dynamic programming to generate an optimal gapped alignment of
      the motif model with sequences from the dataset. We show that HIGEDA outperforms
      MEME and other motif-finding algorithms on both DNA and protein sequences.
      AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Source code and test datasets are available for
      download at http://ouray.cudenver.edu/~tnle/, implemented in C++ and supported on
      Linux and MS Windows.

PMID- 19996162
TI  - A new gene selection procedure based on the covariance distance.
AB  - MOTIVATION: Very little attention has been given to gene selection procedures
      based on intergene correlation structure, which is often neglected in the context
      of differential gene expression analysis. We propose a statistical procedure to
      select genes that have different associations with others across different
      phenotypes. This procedure is based on a new gene association score, called the
      covariance distance. RESULTS: We apply the proposed method, along with two
      alternative methods, to several simulated datasets and find out that our method
      is much more powerful than the other two. For biological data, we demonstrate
      that the analysis of differentially associated genes complements the analysis of
      differentially expressed genes. Combining both procedures provides a more
      comprehensive functional interpretation of the experimental results.
      AVAILABILITY: The code is downloadable from
      http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/biostat/people/faculty/hu.cfm. SUPPLEMENTARY
      INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

PMID- 19996164
TI  - Validation of double digest selective label database for sequenced prokaryotic
      genomes.
AB  - SUMMARY: A database for simulation of double digest selective label (DDSL) typing
      technique has been created and validated against a sequenced strain (Salmonella
      enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2). In silico bands were in agreement with
      experimental, and the technique was able to discriminate among strains belonging
      to the same species. When compared with other strain discrimination techniques,
      DDSL showed a higher discriminatory power. The database contains precomputed data
      which may be searched to retrieve experimental conditions for typing all up-to
      dated sequenced prokaryotic microorganisms. AVAILABILITY: This is a new resource
      for molecular biology freely available on the Internet at
      http://insilico.ehu.es/DDSL.

PMID- 19996165
TI  - Temporal clustering by affinity propagation reveals transcriptional modules in
      Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - MOTIVATION: Identifying regulatory modules is an important task in the
      exploratory analysis of gene expression time series data. Clustering algorithms
      are often used for this purpose. However, gene regulatory events may induce
      complex temporal features in a gene expression profile, including time delays,
      inversions and transient correlations, which are not well accounted for by
      current clustering methods. As the cost of microarray experiments continues to
      fall, the temporal resolution of time course studies is increasing. This has led
      to a need to take account of detailed temporal features of this kind. Thus, while
      standard clustering methods are both widely used and much studied, their shared
      shortcomings with respect to such temporal features motivates the work presented
      here. RESULTS: Here, we introduce a temporal clustering approach for high
      dimensional gene expression data which takes account of time delays, inversions
      and transient correlations. We do so by exploiting a recently introduced, message
      passing-based algorithm called Affinity Propagation (AP). We take account of
      temporal features of interest following an approximate but efficient dynamic
      programming approach due to Qian et al. The resulting approach is demonstrably
      effective in its ability to discern non-obvious temporal features, yet efficient
      and robust enough for routine use as an exploratory tool. We show results on
      validated transcription factor-target pairs in yeast and on gene expression data
      from a study of Arabidopsis thaliana under pathogen infection. The latter reveals
      a number of biologically striking findings. AVAILABILITY: Matlab code for our
      method is available at http://www.wsbc.warwick.ac.uk/stevenkiddle/tcap.html.

PMID- 19996166
TI  - CellMC--a multiplatform model compiler for the Cell Broadband Engine and x86.
AB  - MOTIVATION: Gillespie's stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) is often the most
      tractable method to study stochastic models of biochemical systems. The algorithm
      itself is very simple and a natural target for implementation on specialized
      architectures such as the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/BE). We have developed
      CellMC, a multiplatform SBML model compiler implementing a vectorized version of
      SSA for use on Cell/BE or x86 PCs. AVAILABILITY: The code is freely available
      from http://www.cellmc.org. It will run on a wide variety of x86 computers
      running Linux/MacOSX (Darwin) and on Cell/BE computers such as the Sony
      PlayStation3 (PS3) and the IBM BladeCenter QS22. CellMC requires gcc, libxml2 and
      libxslt, all of which are installed by default on most of the supported
      platforms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at
      Bioinformatics online.

PMID- 19996167
TI  - One sequence plus one mutation equals two folds.

PMID- 19996168
TI  - The Great American Biotic Interchange in birds.
AB  - The sudden exchange of mammals over the land bridge between the previously
      isolated continents of North and South America is among the most celebrated
      events in the faunal history of the New World. This exchange resulted in the
      rapid merging of continental mammalian faunas that had evolved in almost complete
      isolation from each other for tens of millions of years. Yet, the wider
      importance of land bridge-mediated interchange to faunal mixing in other groups
      is poorly known because of the incompleteness of the fossil record. In
      particular, the ability of birds to fly may have rendered a land bridge
      unnecessary for faunal merging. Using molecular dating of the unique bird faunas
      of the two continents, we show that rates of interchange increased dramatically
      after land bridge completion in tropical forest-specializing groups, which rarely
      colonize oceanic islands and have poor dispersal abilities across water barriers,
      but not in groups comprised of habitat generalists. These results support the
      role of the land bridge in the merging of the tropical forest faunas of North and
      South America. In contrast to mammals, the direction of traffic across the land
      bridge in birds was primarily south to north. The event transformed the tropical
      avifauna of the New World.

PMID- 19996169
TI  - Gli2 trafficking links Hedgehog-dependent activation of Smoothened in the primary
      cilium to transcriptional activation in the nucleus.
AB  - Stimulation by the extracellular Hedgehog (Hh) protein signal has been shown to
      alter ciliary localization of the mammalian Hh receptor components Smoothened
      (Smo) and Patched (Ptc), and mutations that disrupt the structure and function of
      the cilium also disrupt Hh-induced changes in gene expression. But how ciliary
      events affect gene expression in the nucleus is not known, and to address this
      question we have characterized the cellular trafficking of Gli2, the principal
      mediator of Hh-dependent transcriptional activation. From a combination of
      pharmacological and genetic manipulations we find in resting cells that both Gli2
      and Smo appear to shuttle in and out of the cilium, with Gli2 but not Smo
      requiring intact cytoplasmic microtubules for ciliary entry and both requiring
      the ciliary retrograde motor, cytoplasmic dynein 2, for ciliary exit. We also
      find that changes in ciliary and nuclear trafficking of Gli2 are triggered by the
      Hh-dependent accumulation of activated Smo in the cilium, resulting in a shift
      from primarily cytoplasmic localization to accumulation at the distal tip of the
      cilium and within the nucleus. Gli2 thus functions as a dynamic monitor of Smo
      activity in the cilium and thereby links Hh pathway activation in the cilium to
      transcriptional activation in the nucleus.

PMID- 19996170
TI  - Alternative splicing and gene duplication differentially shaped the regulation of
      isochorismate synthase in Populus and Arabidopsis.
AB  - Isochorismate synthase (ICS) converts chorismate to isochorismate for the
      biosynthesis of phylloquinone, an essential cofactor for photosynthetic electron
      transport. ICS is also required for salicylic acid (SA) synthesis during
      Arabidopsis defense. In several other species, including Populus, SA is derived
      primarily from the phenylpropanoid pathway. We therefore sought to investigate
      ICS regulation in Populus to learn the extent of ICS involvement in SA synthesis
      and defense. Arabidopsis harbors duplicated AtICS genes that differ in their exon
      intron structure, basal expression, and stress inducibility. In contrast, we
      found a single ICS gene in Populus and six other sequenced plant genomes,
      pointing to the AtICS duplication as a lineage-specific event. The Populus ICS
      encodes a functional plastidic enzyme, and was not responsive to stresses that
      stimulated phenylpropanoid accumulation. Populus ICS underwent extensive
      alternative splicing that was rare for the duplicated AtICSs. Sequencing of 184
      RT-PCR Populus clones revealed 37 alternative splice variants, with normal
      transcripts representing approximately 50% of the population. When expressed in
      Arabidopsis, Populus ICS again underwent alternative splicing, but did not
      produce normal transcripts to complement AtICS1 function. The splice-site
      sequences of Populus ICS are unusual, suggesting a causal link between junction
      sequence, alternative splicing, and ICS function. We propose that gene
      duplication and alternative splicing of ICS evolved independently in Arabidopsis
      and Populus in accordance with their distinct defense strategies. AtICS1
      represents a divergent isoform for inducible SA synthesis during defense. Populus
      ICS primarily functions in phylloquinone biosynthesis, a process that can be
      sustained at low ICS transcript levels.

PMID- 19996171
TI  - Biophysical model for gamma rhythms in the olfactory bulb via subthreshold
      oscillations.
AB  - Gamma oscillations in the olfactory bulb can be produced as an interaction of
      subthreshold oscillations (STOs) in the mitral cells (MCs) with inhibitory
      granule cells (GCs). The mechanism does not require that the GCs spike, and we
      work in a regime in which the MCs fire at rates lower than the fast gamma rhythm
      they create. The frequency of the network is that of the STOs, allowing the gamma
      to be modulated in amplitude with only small changes in frequency. Gamma
      oscillations could also be obtained with spiking GCs, but only for GCs firing
      close to population rate. Our mechanism differs from the more standard
      description of the gamma oscillation, in which the the decay time of the
      inhibitory cells is critical to the frequency of the network.

PMID- 19996173
TI  - Black soot and the survival of Tibetan glaciers.
AB  - We find evidence that black soot aerosols deposited on Tibetan glaciers have been
      a significant contributing factor to observed rapid glacier retreat. Reduced
      black soot emissions, in addition to reduced greenhouse gases, may be required to
      avoid demise of Himalayan glaciers and retain the benefits of glaciers for
      seasonal fresh water supplies.

PMID- 19996172
TI  - Activity-independent specification of synaptic targets in the posterior lateral
      line of the larval zebrafish.
AB  - The development of functional neural circuits requires that connections between
      neurons be established in a precise manner. The mechanisms by which complex
      nervous systems perform this daunting task remain largely unknown. In the
      posterior lateral line of larval zebrafish, each afferent neuron forms synaptic
      contacts with hair cells of a common hair-bundle polarity. We investigated
      whether afferent neurons distinguish hair-cell polarities by analyzing
      differences in the synaptic signaling between oppositely polarized hair cells. By
      examining two mutant zebrafish lines with defects in mechanoelectrical
      transduction, and by blocking transduction during the development of wild-type
      fish, we found that afferent neurons could form specific synapses in the absence
      of stimulus-evoked patterns of synaptic release. Asking next whether this
      specificity arises through intrinsically generated patterns of synaptic release,
      we found that the polarity preference persisted in two mutant lines lacking
      essential synaptic proteins. These results indicate that lateral-line afferent
      neurons do not require synaptic activity to distinguish hair-cell polarities and
      suggest that molecular labels of hair-cell polarity guide prepatterned afferents
      to form the appropriate synapses.

PMID- 19996174
TI  - Ejaculate components delay reproductive senescence while elevating female
      reproductive rate in an insect.
AB  - Increased female reproductive rates usually result in accelerated senescence.
      This correlation provides a link between the evolutionary conflict of the sexes
      and aging when ejaculate components elevate female reproductive rates at the cost
      of future reproduction. It is not clear whether this female cost is manifest as
      shorter lifespan or an earlier onset or a steeper rate of reproductive
      senescence. It also is unclear whether beneficial ejaculates release females from
      reproductive trade-offs and, if so, which senescence parameters are affected. We
      examined these issues in the bedbug, Cimex lectularius, a long-lived insect that
      shows reduced female lifespan as well as female reproductive senescence at the
      male-determined mating frequency. We demonstrate experimentally that,
      independently of the mating frequency, females receiving more ejaculate show
      increased reproductive rates and enter reproductive senescence later than females
      receiving less ejaculate. The rate of reproductive senescence did not differ
      between treatments, and reproductive rates did not predict mortality. The
      ejaculate effects were consistent in inter- and intra-population crosses,
      suggesting they have not evolved recently and are not caused by inbreeding. Our
      results suggest that ejaculate components compensate for the costs of elevated
      female reproductive rates in bedbugs by delaying the onset of reproductive
      senescence. Ejaculate components that are beneficial to polyandrous females could
      have arisen because male traits that protect the ejaculate have positive
      pleiotropic effects and/or because female counteradaptations to antagonistic male
      traits exceed the neutralization of those traits. That males influence female
      reproductive senescence has important consequences for trade-offs between
      reproduction and longevity and for studies of somatic senescence.

PMID- 19996175
TI  - In mind and out of phase.

PMID- 19996176
TI  - The hydroxypropionate pathway of CO2 fixation: Fait accompli.

PMID- 19996177
TI  - New insights into bacterial acquisition of phosphorus in the surface ocean.

PMID- 19996178
TI  - Dynamics of the Dorsal morphogen gradient.
AB  - The dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on the nuclear
      localization gradient of Dorsal (Dl), a protein related to the mammalian NF
      kappaB transcription factors. Current understanding of how the Dl gradient works
      has been derived from studies of its transcriptional interpretation, but the
      gradient itself has not been quantified. In particular, it is not known whether
      the Dl gradient is stable or dynamic during the DV patterning of the embryo. To
      address this question, we developed a mathematical model of the Dl gradient and
      constrained its parameters by experimental data. Based on our computational
      analysis, we predict that the Dl gradient is dynamic and, to a first
      approximation, can be described as a concentration profile with increasing
      amplitude and constant shape. These time-dependent properties of the Dl gradient
      are different from those of the Bicoid and MAPK phosphorylation gradients, which
      pattern the anterior and terminal regions of the embryo. Specifically, the
      gradient of the nuclear levels of Bicoid is stable, whereas the pattern of MAPK
      phosphorylation changes in both shape and amplitude. We attribute these striking
      differences in the dynamics of maternal morphogen gradients to the differences in
      the initial conditions and chemistries of the anterior, DV, and terminal systems.

PMID- 19996179
TI  - Human Langerhans cells induce distinct IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells lacking IL-17
      production.
AB  - IL-22 is a cytokine that acts mainly on epithelial cells. In the skin, it
      mediates keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia and is thought to
      play a central role in inflammatory diseases with marked epidermal acanthosis,
      such as psoriasis. Although IL-22 was initially considered a Th17 cytokine,
      increasing evidence suggests that T helper cells can produce IL-22 even without
      IL-17 expression. In addition, we have shown the existence of this unique IL-22
      producing T cell in normal skin and in the skin of psoriasis and atopic
      dermatitis patients. In the present study, we investigated the ability of
      cutaneous resident dendritic cells (DCs) to differentiate IL-22-producing cells.
      Using FACS, we isolated Langerhans cells (LCs; HLA-DR(+)CD207(+) cells) and
      dermal DCs (HLA-DR(hi)CD11c(+)BDCA-1(+) cells) from normal human epidermis and
      dermis, respectively. Both LCs and dermal DCs significantly induced IL-22
      producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from peripheral blood T cells and naive
      CD4(+) T cells in mixed leukocyte reactions. LCs were more powerful in the
      induction of IL-22-producing cells than dermal DCs. Moreover, in vitro-generated
      LC-type DCs induced IL-22-producing cells more efficiently than monocyte-derived
      DCs. The induced IL-22 production was more correlated with IFN-gamma than IL-17.
      Surprisingly, the majority of IL-22-producing cells induced by LCs and dermal DCs
      lacked the expression of IL-17, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. Thus, LCs and dermal DCs
      preferentially induced helper T cells to produce only IL-22, possibly "Th22"
      cells. Our data indicate that cutaneous DCs, especially LCs, may control the
      generation of distinct IL-22 producing Th22 cells infiltrating into the skin.

PMID- 19996180
TI  - Evidence for abrupt speciation in a classic case of gradual evolution.
AB  - In contrast with speciation in terrestrial organisms, marine plankton frequently
      display gradual morphological change without lineage division (e.g., phyletic
      gradualism or gradual evolution), which has raised the possibility that a
      different mode of evolution dominates within pelagic environments. Here, we
      reexamine a classic case of putative gradual evolution within the Globorotalia
      plesiotumida-G. tumida lineage of planktonic foraminifera, and find both
      compelling evidence for the existence of a third cryptic species during the
      speciation event and the abrupt evolution of the descendant G. tumida. The third
      morphotype, not recognized in previous analyses, differs in shape and coiling
      direction from its ancestor, G. plesiotumida. This species dominates the
      globorotaliid population for 414,000 years just before the appearance of G.
      tumida. The first population of the descendant, G. tumida, evolves abruptly
      within a 44,000-year interval. A combination of morphological data and
      biostratigraphic evidence suggests that G. tumida evolved by cladogenesis. Our
      findings provide an unexpected twist on one of the best-documented cases of
      within-lineage phyletic gradualism and, in doing so, revisit the limitations and
      promise of the study of speciation in the fossil record.

PMID- 19996182
TI  - Consequences of monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency for renal transport and
      metabolism of thyroid hormones in mice.
AB  - Patients carrying inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the thyroid hormone
      transporting monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-8 suffer from a severe form of
      psychomotor retardation and exhibit abnormal serum thyroid hormone levels. The
      thyroidal phenotype characterized by high-serum T(3) and low-serum T(4) levels is
      also found in mice mutants deficient in MCT8 although the cause of these
      abnormalities is still unknown. Here we describe the consequences of MCT8
      deficiency for renal thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and function by
      studying MCT8 null mice and wild-type littermates. Whereas serum and urinary
      parameters do not indicate a strongly altered renal function, a pronounced
      induction of iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 expression together with increased
      renal T(3) and T(4) content point to a general hyperthyroid state of the kidneys
      in the absence of MCT8. Surprisingly, accumulation of peripherally injected T(4)
      and T(3) into the kidneys was found to be enhanced in the absence of MCT8,
      indicating that MCT8 deficiency either directly interferes with the renal efflux
      of thyroid hormones or activates indirectly other renal thyroid hormone
      transporters that preferentially mediate the renal uptake of thyroid hormones.
      Our findings indicate that the enhanced uptake and accumulation of T(4) in the
      kidneys of MCT8 null mice together with the increased renal conversion of T(4)
      into T(3) by increased renal deiodinase type 1 activities contributes to the
      generation of the low-serum T(4) and the increase in circulating T(3) levels, a
      hallmark of MCT8 deficiency.

PMID- 19996181
TI  - Deep sequencing analysis of the Methanosarcina mazei Go1 transcriptome in
      response to nitrogen availability.
AB  - Methanosarcina mazei and related mesophilic archaea are the only organisms
      fermenting acetate, methylamines, and methanol to methane and carbon dioxide,
      contributing significantly to greenhouse gas production. The biochemistry of
      these metabolic processes is well studied, and genome sequences are available,
      yet little is known about the overall transcriptional organization and the
      noncoding regions representing 25% of the 4.01-Mb genome of M. mazei. We present
      a genome-wide analysis of transcription start sites (TSS) in M. mazei grown under
      different nitrogen availabilities. Pyrosequencing-based differential analysis of
      primary vs. processed 5' ends of transcripts discovered 876 TSS across the M.
      mazei genome. Unlike in other archaea, in which leaderless mRNAs are prevalent,
      the majority of the detected mRNAs in M. mazei carry long untranslated 5'
      regions. Our experimental data predict a total of 208 small RNA (sRNA)
      candidates, mostly from intergenic regions but also antisense to 5' and 3'
      regions of mRNAs. In addition, 40 new small mRNAs with ORFs of < or = 30 aa were
      identified, some of which might have dual functions as mRNA and regulatory sRNA.
      We confirmed differential expression of several sRNA genes in response to
      nitrogen availability. Inspection of their promoter regions revealed a unique
      conserved sequence motif associated with nitrogen-responsive regulation, which
      might serve as a regulator binding site upstream of the common IIB recognition
      element. Strikingly, several sRNAs antisense to mRNAs encoding transposases
      indicate nitrogen-dependent transposition events. This global TSS map in archaea
      will facilitate a better understanding of transcriptional and posttranscriptional
      control in the third domain of life.

PMID- 19996183
TI  - Hypothalamic actions of tumor necrosis factor alpha provide the thermogenic core
      for the wastage syndrome in cachexia.
AB  - TNFalpha is an important mediator of catabolism in cachexia. Most of its effects
      have been characterized in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle and fat.
      However, by acting directly in the hypothalamus, TNFalpha can activate
      thermogenesis and modulate food intake. Here we show that high concentration
      TNFalpha in the hypothalamus leads to increased O(2) consumption/CO(2)
      production, increased body temperature, and reduced caloric intake, resulting in
      loss of body mass. Most of the thermogenic response is produced by beta 3
      adrenergic signaling to the brown adipose tissue (BAT), leading to increased BAT
      relative mass, reduction in BAT lipid quantity, and increased BAT mitochondria
      density. The expression of proteins involved in BAT thermogenesis, such as beta 3
      adrenergic receptor, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
      coactivator-1 alpha, and uncoupling protein-1, are increased. In the
      hypothalamus, TNFalpha produces reductions in neuropeptide Y, agouti gene-related
      peptide, proopiomelanocortin, and melanin-concentrating hormone, and increases
      CRH and TRH. The activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
      is also decreased in the hypothalamus of TNFalpha-treated rats. Upon
      intracerebroventricular infliximab treatment, tumor-bearing and septic rats
      present a significantly increased survival. In addition, the systemic inhibition
      of beta 3-adrenergic signaling results in a reduced body mass loss and increased
      survival in septic rats. These data suggest hypothalamic TNFalpha action to be
      important mediator of the wastage syndrome in cachexia.

PMID- 19996184
TI  - Epithelial cell transforming protein 2 (ECT2) depletion blocks polar body
      extrusion and generates mouse oocytes containing two metaphase II spindles.
AB  - Completion of the first meiosis in oocytes is achieved by the extrusion of the
      first polar body (PBI), a particular example of cell division. In mitosis, the
      small GTPase RhoA, which is activated by epithelial cell transforming protein 2
      (ECT2), orchestrates contractile ring constriction, thus enabling cytokinesis.
      However, the involvement of this pathway in mammalian oocytes has not been
      established. To characterize the role of ECT2 in PBI emission in mouse oocytes,
      the small interfering RNA approach was employed. We found that ECT2 depletion
      significantly reduces PBI emission, induces first metaphase arrest, and generates
      oocytes containing two properly formed spindles of the second metaphase.
      Moreover, we describe, for the first time, that before PBI emission, RhoA forms a
      ring that is preceded by a dome-like accumulation at the oocyte cortex, next to
      the spindle. This unique mode of RhoA translocation failed to occur in the
      absence of ECT2. We further found that the Rho-dependent kinase, a main RhoA
      effector, is essential for PBI emission. In addition, we demonstrate herein that
      ECT2 is subjected to phosphorylation/dephosphorylation throughout meiosis in
      oocytes and further reveal that PBI emission is temporally associated with ECT2
      dephosphorylation. Our data provide the first demonstration that an active cyclin
      dependent kinase 1, the catalytic subunit of the maturation-promoting factor,
      phosphorylates ECT2 during the first meiotic metaphase and that cyclin-dependent
      kinase 1 inactivation at anaphase allows ECT2 dephosphorylation. In conclusion,
      our study demonstrates the indispensable role of the maturation-promoting
      factor/ECT2/RhoA pathway in PBI extrusion in mouse oocytes.

PMID- 19996186
TI  - Lung perfusion and chest wall configuration is altered by glossopharyngeal
      breathing.
AB  - Glossopharyngeal insufflation is used by competitive breath-hold divers to
      increase lung gas content above baseline total lung capacity (TLC) in order
      improve performance. Whilst glossopharyngeal insufflation is known to induce
      hypotension and tachycardia, little is known about the effects on the pulmonary
      circulation and structural integrity of the thorax. Six male breath-hold divers
      were studied. Exhaled lung volumes were measured before and after
      glossopharyngeal insufflation. On two study days, subjects were studied in the
      supine position at baseline TLC and after maximal glossopharyngeal insufflation
      above TLC. Tc 99(m) labelled macro-aggregated albumin was injected and a computed
      tomography (CT) scan of the thorax was performed during breath-hold. Single
      photon emission CT images determined flow and regional deposition. Registered CT
      images determined change in the volume of the thorax. CT and perfusion
      comparisons were possible in four subjects. Lung perfusion was markedly
      diminished in areas of expanded lung. 69% of the increase in expired lung volume
      was via thoracic expansion with a caudal displacement of the diaphragm. One
      subject who was not proficient at glossopharyngeal insufflation had no change in
      CT appearance or lung perfusion. We have demonstrated areas of hyperexpanded,
      under perfused lung created by glossopharyngeal insufflation above TLC.

PMID- 19996187
TI  - Carotid body and cardiorespiratory alterations in intermittent hypoxia: the
      oxidative link.
AB  - Intermittent hypoxia, a feature of obstructive sleep apnoea, potentiates
      ventilatory hypoxic responses, alters heart rate variability and produces
      hypertension, partially owing to an enhanced carotid body responsiveness to
      hypoxia. Since oxidative stress is a potential mediator of both chemosensory and
      cardiorespiratory alterations, we hypothesised that an antioxidant treatment may
      prevent these alterations. Accordingly, we studied the effects of ascorbic acid
      (1.25 g.L(-1) drinking water) on plasma lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine and
      inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity in the carotid body,
      ventilatory and carotid chemosensory responses to acute hypoxia, heart rate
      variability and arterial blood pressure in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 5%
      O(2); 12 episodes.h(-1); 8 h.day(-1) or sham condition for 21 days. Intermittent
      hypoxia increased plasma lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine and iNOS expression in
      the carotid body, enhanced carotid chemosensory and ventilatory hypoxic
      responses, modified heart rate variability and produced hypertension. Ascorbic
      acid prevented the increased plasma lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine
      formation within the carotid body, and the enhanced carotid chemosensory and
      ventilatory responses to hypoxia, as well as heart rate variability alterations
      and hypertension. The present results support an essential role for oxidative
      stress in the generation of carotid body chemosensory potentiation and systemic
      cardiorespiratory alterations induced by intermittent hypoxia.

PMID- 19996188
TI  - Progress towards tuberculosis elimination: secular trend, immigration and
      transmission.
AB  - This study aimed to determine to what extent tuberculosis trends in the
      Netherlands depend on secular trend, immigration and recent transmission. Data on
      patients in the Netherlands Tuberculosis Register in the period 1993-2007 were
      matched with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Index patients were defined as patients with
      pulmonary tuberculosis whose isolates had RFLP patterns not observed in another
      patient in the previous 2 yrs. Among 8,330 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
      the isolates of 56% of native and 50% of foreign-born patients were clustered. Of
      these, 5,185 were included in detailed analysis: 1,376 native index patients,
      2,822 foreign-born index patients and 987 secondary cases within 2 yrs of
      diagnosis of the index case. The incidence of native and foreign-born index
      patients declined by 6% and 2% per year, respectively. The number of secondary
      cases per index case was 0.24. The decline of native cases contributed most to
      the overall decline of tuberculosis rates and was largely explained by a
      declining prevalence of latent infection. Tuberculosis among immigrants was
      associated with immigration figures. Progress towards elimination of tuberculosis
      would benefit from intensifying diagnosis and treatment of latent infection among
      immigrants and global tuberculosis control.

PMID- 19996189
TI  - Recent trends in COPD prevalence in Spain: a repeated cross-sectional survey 1997
      2007.
AB  - We aimed to describe changes in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD) in Spain by means of a repeated cross-sectional design comparing
      two population-based studies conducted 10 yrs apart. We compared participants
      from IBERPOC (Estudio epidemiologico de EPOC en Espana) (n = 4,030), conducted in
      1997, with those of EPI-SCAN (Epidemiologic Study of COPD in Spain) (n = 3,802),
      conducted in 2007. Poorly reversible airflow obstruction compatible with COPD was
      defined according to the old European Respiratory Society definitions. COPD
      prevalence in the population between 40 to 69 yrs of age dropped from 9.1% (95%
      CI 8.1-10.2%) in 1997 to 4.5% (95% CI 2.4-6.6%), a 50.4% decline. The
      distribution of COPD prevalence by severity also changed from 38.3% mild, 39.7%
      moderate and 22.0% severe in 1997, to 85.6% mild, 13.0% moderate and 1.4% severe
      in 2007, and in the 40-69 yr EPI-SCAN sub-sample to 84.3% mild, 15.0% moderate
      and 0.7% severe. Overall, underdiagnosis was reduced from 78% to 73% (not a
      significant difference) and undertreatment from 81% to 54% (p<0.05) within this
      10-yr frame. The finding of a substantial reduction in the prevalence of COPD in
      Spain is unexpected, as were the observed changes in the severity distribution,
      and highlights the difficulties in comparisons between repeated cross-sectional
      surveys of spirometry in the population.

PMID- 19996190
TI  - Hedgehog-interacting protein is a COPD susceptibility gene: the Rotterdam Study.
AB  - The Hedgehog signalling pathway plays an important role in lung morphogenesis and
      cellular responses to lung injury. A genome-wide association study has
      demonstrated that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the Hedgehog
      interacting protein (Hip) gene, SNP identifiers rs1828591 and rs13118928, are
      associated with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of
      the present study was to validate the observed association between genetic
      variation near the Hip gene and COPD, and to investigate whether risk estimates
      were modified by smoking behaviour. The association between the Hip gene SNPs and
      COPD was investigated in the Rotterdam Study by logistic regression analyses,
      adjusted for several covariates. In addition, an association meta-analysis was
      performed that included data from the genome-wide association study on COPD. Both
      SNPs were significantly associated with risk of COPD (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.72-0.91).
      Homozygosity for the minor G allele resulted in a decreased risk of COPD of
      approximately 40% (95% CI 0.47-0.78). There was a significant interaction with
      the number of pack-years of smoking (p = 0.004). The meta-analysis yielded an
      odds ratio for COPD of 0.80 per additional G allele (p = 3.4 x 10(-9)). Genetic
      variation near the Hip gene was significantly associated with risk of COPD,
      depending on the number of pack-years of smoking.

PMID- 19996191
TI  - Exhaled nitric oxide predicts control in patients with difficult-to-treat asthma.
AB  - We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of baseline exhaled nitric oxide fraction
      (F(eNO)) to recognise individuals with difficult-to-treat asthma who have the
      potential to achieve control with a guideline-based stepwise strategy. 102
      consecutive patients with suboptimal asthma control underwent stepwise increase
      in the treatment with maximal fluticasone/salmeterol combination dose for 1
      month. Then, those who remained uncontrolled received oral corticosteroids for an
      additional month. With this approach, 53 patients (52%) gained control. Those who
      achieved control were more likely to have positive skin results (60.4% versus
      34%; p = 0.01), positive bronchodilator test (57.1% versus 35.8%; p = 0.02) and
      peak expiratory flow variability > or =20% (71.1% versus 49.1%; p = 0.04).
      Conversely, depression was more frequent in those who remained uncontrolled (18.4
      % versus 43.4 %; p = 0.01). An F(eNO) value > or =30 ppb demonstrated a
      sensitivity of 87.5% (95% CI 73.9-94.5%) and a specificity of 90.6% (95% CI 79.7
      95.9%) for the identification of responsive asthmatics. The current results
      suggest that F(eNO) can identify patients with difficult-to-treat asthma and the
      potential to respond to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids or systemic
      steroids.

PMID- 19996192
TI  - Graded contrast echocardiography in pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - To compare the results of transthoracic contrast echocardiography (TTCE) adding a
      grading scale with the results of thoracic computed tomography (CT) in order to
      optimise the use of both techniques. 95 patients with hereditary haemorrhagic
      telangiectasia (HHT) were examined with TTCE and thoracic CT to detect pulmonary
      arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). According to previous studies, TTCE was
      divided into a four grade scale depending on the degree of opacification of the
      left ventricle after the administration of a contrast agent. Of the 95 patients
      (50.5% female; mean age 46 yrs), none with normal or grade 1 TTCE had detectable
      PAVMs on thoracic CT. Shunts of grades 2, 3 and 4 were associated with PAVMs
      according to thoracic CT in 25, 80, and 100% of the cases. There was a
      statistically significant association between the TTCE grade and the detection of
      a PAVM by thoracic CT. There were also statistically significant associations
      between TTCE grade and the cardiac cycle when the contrast was first visible in
      the left atrium, and size of the feeding artery. Graded TTCE and timing of left
      atrium opacification may be useful techniques in selecting HHT patients for PAVM
      screening with thoracic CT scans.

PMID- 19996185
TI  - Subregional neuroanatomical change as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Regions of the temporal and parietal lobes are particularly damaged in
      Alzheimer's disease (AD), and this leads to a predictable pattern of brain
      atrophy. In vivo quantification of subregional atrophy, such as changes in
      cortical thickness or structure volume, could lead to improved diagnosis and
      better assessment of the neuroprotective effects of a therapy. Toward this end,
      we have developed a fast and robust method for accurately quantifying cerebral
      structural changes in several cortical and subcortical regions using serial MRI
      scans. In 169 healthy controls, 299 subjects with mild cognitive impairment
      (MCI), and 129 subjects with AD, we measured rates of subregional cerebral volume
      change for each cohort and performed power calculations to identify regions that
      would provide the most sensitive outcome measures in clinical trials of disease
      modifying agents. Consistent with regional specificity of AD, temporal-lobe
      cortical regions showed the greatest disease-related changes and significantly
      outperformed any of the clinical or cognitive measures examined for both AD and
      MCI. Global measures of change in brain structure, including whole-brain and
      ventricular volumes, were also elevated in AD and MCI, but were less salient when
      compared to changes in normal subjects. Therefore, these biomarkers are less
      powerful for quantifying disease-modifying effects of compounds that target AD
      pathology. The findings indicate that regional temporal lobe cortical changes
      would have great utility as outcome measures in clinical trials and may also have
      utility in clinical practice for aiding early diagnosis of neurodegenerative
      disease.

PMID- 19996193
TI  - Usual interstitial pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung
      disease.
AB  - Interstitial lung disease is a common manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis;
      however, little is known about factors that influence its prognosis. The aim of
      the present study was to determine whether or not the usual interstitial
      pneumonia pattern found on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is of
      prognostic significance in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung
      disease (RA-ILD). Patients with RA-ILD were identified retrospectively (n = 82).
      The relationship of a definite usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on HRCT to
      survival was determined and compared to that in a cohort of patients with
      radiologically diagnosed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 51). A definite usual
      interstitial pneumonia pattern was seen in 20 (24%) out of 82 patients with RA
      ILD. These patients showed worse survival than those without this pattern (median
      survival 3.2 versus 6.6 yrs), and a similar survival to those with idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis. On multivariate analysis, a definite usual interstitial
      pneumonia pattern on HRCT was associated with worse survival (hazard ratio of
      2.3). Analysis of specific HRCT features demonstrated that traction
      bronchiectasis and honeycomb fibrosis were associated with worse survival (hazard
      ratio of 2.6 and 2.1, respectively). Female sex (hazard ratio of 0.30) and a
      higher baseline diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (hazard ratio
      of 0.96) were associated with better survival. A definite usual interstitial
      pneumonia pattern on HRCT has important prognostic implications in RA-ILD.

PMID- 19996194
TI  - Survival impact of lung transplantation for COPD.
AB  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the primary indication for lung
      transplantation (LTx), but survival benefit is still under debate. We analysed
      the survival impact of LTx in COPD with a new approach, using the BODE (body mass
      index, airway obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) index. We retrospectively
      reviewed 54 consecutive lung transplants performed for COPD. The pre-transplant
      BODE score was calculated for each patient and a predicted survival was derived
      from the survival functions of the original BODE index validation cohort.
      Predicted and observed post-transplant survival was then compared. In the
      subgroups with a BODE score >or=7 and <7, a majority of patients (66% and 69%,
      respectively) lived for longer after LTx than predicted by their individual BODE
      index. The median survival was significantly improved in the entire cohort and in
      the subgroup with a BODE score >or=7. 4 yrs after LTx a survival benefit was only
      apparent in patients with a pre-transplant BODE score of >or=7. In conclusion,
      while a majority of COPD patients had an individual survival benefit from LTx
      regardless of their pre-transplant BODE score, a global survival benefit was seen
      only in patients with more severe disease. This supports the use of the BODE
      index as a selection criteria for LTx candidates.

PMID- 19996195
TI  - Strong purified protein derivative responses are associated with poor
      mycobacterium inhibition in latent TB.
AB  - The tuberculin skin test (TST) using purified protein derivative (PPD) of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis is traditionally used to diagnose latent tuberculosis
      (TB) infection (LTBI). However, LTBI diagnosis by peripheral blood mononuclear
      cell (PBMC) interferon (IFN)-gamma responses to M. tuberculosis-specific
      antigens, early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate
      protein (CFP)-10 has greater specificity. We investigated the difference in
      antimycobacterium cellular immunity in TB contacts who were strong TST reactors
      but nonresponsive to the ESAT-6/CFP-10 assay compared with those with concordant
      results. Healthy TB contacts were tested using the above two assays and
      mycobacterium survival was measured after co-culture of infected macrophages with
      their PBMCs. Whether PPD reactivity was tested by TST or by PBMC-specific IFN
      gamma responses, strongly PPD-reactive TB contacts without ESAT-6/CFP-10
      responsiveness showed significantly better mycobacterium inhibition activity than
      ESAT-6/CFP-10-responsive TB contacts with the same PPD reactivity. In the former
      group, stronger PPD reactivity was associated with improved mycobacterium
      killing, whereas ESAT-6/CFP-10 responders showed the opposite result. PPD
      reactive ESAT-6/CFP-10-nonresponsive TB contacts in our population may have had
      protective immunity related to prior mycobacterium exposure. ESAT-6/CFP10
      responsive TB contacts are more likely to have LTBI and, in this group, strong
      PPD reactivity may paradoxically be associated with poor mycobactericidal
      activity.

PMID- 19996197
TI  - 45,X/46,XX mosaicism below 30% of aneuploidy: clinical implications in adult
      women from a reproductive medicine unit.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Turner's syndrome (TS) is well known, but prognosis for 45,X/46,XX
      mosaicism below 30% of aneuploidy has not been established. We evaluated
      differences in clinical features and biological parameters between patients with
      numerical sex chromosome mosaicism diagnosed incidentally and control women.
      DESIGN: Retrospective observational study of clinical features and biological
      parameters. METHODS: Standard endocrinological and gynecological examination was
      done and early-follicular-phase blood values were collected from the medical
      records of women aged 21-43, who were referred to our ward from 1996 to 2006
      because of infertility and were karyotyped. Seventy-one women with sex chromosome
      mosaicism (45,X/46,XX) ranging from 4 to 28% were assigned a chromosomally normal
      woman (46,XX) matched according to age (n=71). RESULTS: In group 45,X/46,XX, 8%
      or more of aneuploidy accounted for a smaller height compared to controls
      (P=0.01). Body mass index was increased from 6% of aneuploidy (P=0.02) and was
      positively correlated to the percentage of 45,X cells (P=0.0001); menarche
      occurred earlier from 10% of aneuploidy (P=0.01) and was inversely correlated to
      the percentage of 45,X cells (P=0.045). No difference was found between the
      groups for FSH, LH, estradiol, inhibin B, and TSH values. Spontaneous abortions
      were more frequent in case of mosaicism (P=0.01), and recurrence was positively
      correlated to the percentage of aneuploidy (P=0.008). CONCLUSION: Sex chromosome
      mosaicism is responsible for clinical changes from 6% of aneuploidy,
      corresponding to the main phenotypical features of TS.

PMID- 19996198
TI  - Dimethylarginines: their vascular and metabolic roles in Africans and Caucasians.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Alarming increases in hypertension and type 2 diabetes among Africans
      accentuate the need to identify factors that could serve as targets for
      prevention or treatment. In Caucasian populations, asymmetric dimethylarginine
      (ADMA), the predominant endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, is associated
      with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance (IR). ADMA's counterpart,
      symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), originally thought to be inert, was recently
      also linked with cardiovascular risk. Since little information regarding ADMA or
      SDMA is available for Africans, our aim was to explore the relationships of ADMA
      and SDMA with measures of arterial stiffness and IR in Africans and Caucasians
      from South Africa. METHODS: The study consisted of 235 nonsmoking, nondiabetic,
      nonobese, human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected Africans (n=64) and Caucasians
      (n=171), aged 20-70 years. We measured blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, ADMA,
      SDMA, and IR (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA). RESULTS: African and Caucasian
      men had similar ADMA and SDMA, whereas Caucasian women had higher ADMA and SDMA
      than African women (P<0.05). African men and Caucasian women indicated strong
      correlations of ADMA with arterial stiffness (r=0.47, P=0.021; r=0.26, P=0.008),
      confirmed in multivariate analyses. Caucasian participants showed negative
      associations between SDMA and HOMA, being strongest in the men (r=-0.41;
      P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that ADMA is independently associated
      with vascular dysfunction in African men and Caucasian women. A strong,
      independent negative association of SDMA with IR was found only in Caucasian
      participants. The molecular explanation for this is unclear, but these findings
      motivate experimental studies that could shed more light on these relationships.

PMID- 19996196
TI  - Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease without proven
      effective therapy. A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised
      phase III clinical trial was conducted in Japanese patients with well-defined IPF
      to determine the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone, a novel antifibrotic oral
      agent, over 52 weeks. Of 275 patients randomised (high-dose, 1,800 mg x day(-1);
      low-dose, 1,200 mg x day(-1); or placebo groups in the ratio 2:1:2), 267 patients
      were evaluated for the efficacy of pirfenidone. Prior to unblinding, the primary
      end-point was revised; the change in vital capacity (VC) was assessed at week 52.
      Secondary end-points included the progression-free survival (PFS) time.
      Significant differences were observed in VC decline (primary end-point) between
      the placebo group (-0.16 L) and the high-dose group (-0.09 L) (p = 0.0416);
      differences between the two groups (p = 0.0280) were also observed in the PFS
      (the secondary end-point). Although photosensitivity, a well-established side
      effect of pirfenidone, was the major adverse event in this study, it was mild in
      severity in most of the patients. Pirfenidone was relatively well tolerated in
      patients with IPF. Treatment with pirfenidone may decrease the rate of decline in
      VC and may increase the PFS time over 52 weeks. Additional studies are needed to
      confirm these findings.

PMID- 19996199
TI  - Diagnostic utility of the glucagon stimulation test in comparison to the insulin
      tolerance test in patients following pituitary surgery.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The glucagon stimulation test (GST) like the insulin tolerance test
      (ITT) stimulates both ACTH and GH secretion. However, there are limited data with
      modern assays on sensitivity and specificity for GST in comparison to ITT. The
      aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the GST for GH
      deficiency (GHD) and adrenal insufficiency (AI) in patients following pituitary
      surgery. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: ITT and GST were performed within 7 days in 49
      patients at least 3 months after transsphenoidal surgery. Serum GH and cortisol
      were measured by Immulite 2000 assay (Siemens AG). Receiver-operating
      characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the thresholds for GST.
      RESULTS: In ITT, 18/49 cases were classified as AI. ROC analysis revealed a peak
      cortisol value >599 nmol/l in GST for adrenal sufficiency with 100% specificity
      and 32% sensitivity, and a peak cortisol <277 nmol/l with >95% specificity and
      72% sensitivity for AI. Of the 49 subjects, 25 (51%) demonstrated levels between
      these cut-offs and could not be diagnosed by GST alone with sufficient accuracy.
      Regarding GHD, 21/49 cases were classified as insufficient by ITT. ROC analysis
      revealed a cut-off of 2.5 ng/ml with 95% sensitivity and 79% specificity. Of the
      49 cases, seven (14%) were discordant in terms of defining GHD, with six subjects
      being treated for GHD according to GST although being sufficient in ITT.
      CONCLUSION: In our prospective series of patients with pituitary disease, GST is
      a potential alternative test for the assessment of GH reserve, but is a poor test
      for ACTH reserve. Test-specific cut-offs should be applied to avoid
      misinterpretation.

PMID- 19996200
TI  - Bendamustine in B-Cell Malignancies: The New 46-Year-Old Kid on the Block.

PMID- 19996201
TI  - Biomarkers Predict p53 Gene Therapy Efficacy in Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma
      of the Head and Neck.
AB  - PURPOSE: Most recurrent squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck have a
      dysfunctional p53 tumor suppressor pathway contributing to treatment resistance.
      We hypothesized that tumor p53 biomarkers may predict the efficacy of normal p53
      delivered by gene therapy in these patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tumor p53
      biomarkers were evaluated in 116 patients, including 29 treated with methotrexate
      in a phase III randomized controlled trial. Profiles favorable for p53 gene
      therapy efficacy were hypothesized to have either normal p53 gene sequences or
      low-level p53 protein expression, whereas unfavorable p53 inhibitor profiles were
      predicted to have high-level expression of mutated p53 that can inhibit normal
      p53 protein function. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in tumor
      responses was observed for patients with favorable p53 efficacy profiles compared
      with those with unfavorable p53 inhibitor profiles [phase I/II trials: favorable
      (34 of 46, 74%) versus unfavorable (1 of 5, 20%), P = 0.0290; phase III trial:
      favorable (17 of 24, 71%) versus unfavorable (2 of 11, 18%), P = 0.0088]. In the
      phase III trial, there was statistically significant increased time to
      progression (TTP) and survival following p53 gene therapy in patients with
      favorable p53 profiles compared with unfavorable p53 inhibitor profiles (median
      TTP, 2.7 months versus 1.4 months, P = 0.0121; median survival, 7.2 months versus
      2.7 months, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the biomarker profiles predictive of p53
      gene therapy efficacy did not predict methotrexate response, TTP, or survival
      outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that tumor p53 biomarker profiles
      may predict p53 gene therapy efficacy in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the
      head and neck. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7719-25).

PMID- 19996202
TI  - Analysis of VHL Gene Alterations and their Relationship to Clinical Parameters in
      Sporadic Conventional Renal Cell Carcinoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study aimed to carry out a comprehensive analysis of genetic and
      epigenetic changes of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene in patients with
      conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma and to determine their
      significance relative to clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome.
      EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The VHL status in 86 conventional renal cell carcinomas was
      determined by mutation detection, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and promoter
      methylation analysis, extending our original cohort to a total of 177 patients.
      Data were analyzed to investigate potential relationships between VHL changes,
      clinical parameters, and outcome. RESULTS: LOH was found in 89.2%, mutation in
      74.6%, and methylation in 31.3% of evaluable tumors; evidence of biallelic
      inactivation (LOH and mutation or methylation alone) was found in 86.0% whereas
      no involvement of VHL was found in only 3.4% of samples. Several associations
      were suggested, including those between LOH and grade, nodal status and necrosis,
      mutation and sex, and methylation and grade. Biallelic inactivation may be
      associated with better overall survival compared with patients with no VHL
      involvement, although small sample numbers in the latter group severely limit
      this analysis, which requires independent confirmation. CONCLUSIONS: This study
      reports one of the highest proportions of conventional renal cell carcinoma with
      VHL changes, and suggests possible relationships between VHL status and clinical
      variables. The data suggest that VHL defects may define conventional renal cell
      carcinomas but the clinical significance of specific VHL alterations will only be
      clarified by the determination of their biological effect at the protein level
      rather than through genetic or epigenetic analysis alone. (Clin Cancer Res
      2009;15(24):7582-92).

PMID- 19996204
TI  - ABCC2, ABCC3, and ABCB1, but not CYP3A, Protect against Trabectedin-Mediated
      Hepatotoxicity.
AB  - PURPOSE: Trabectedin (Yondelis, ET-743) is a novel anticancer drug with potent
      activity against various tumors. However, dose-limiting hepatotoxicity was
      observed during clinical trials. Because recent reports have suggested that
      cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), as well as the drug transporters ABCB1, ABCC2, and
      ABCC3 might protect against trabectedin-mediated hepatotoxicity, we investigated
      the individual and combined roles of these detoxifying systems. EXPERIMENTAL
      DESIGN: Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing ABCC2 and ABCC3 were used to
      study in vitro trabectedin transport. We investigated the hepatotoxicity of
      trabectedin, and the plasma and liver levels of this drug and its metabolites in
      mice deficient for CYP3A, Abcb1a/1b, Abcc2, and/or Abcc3 after i.v. trabectedin
      administration. RESULTS: Trabectedin was transported by ABCC2 but only modestly
      by ABCC3. Contrary to our expectation, absence of CYP3A resulted in only a
      marginal increase in hepatotoxicity. Some hepatotoxicity was observed in Abcc2(-/
      ) mice, but very little in Abcb1a/1b(-/-) and Abcc3(-/-) mice. Strikingly, severe
      hepatotoxicity was found in Abcb1a/1b/Abcc2(-/-) and Abcc2/Abcc3(-/-) mice.
      However, hepatotoxicity was drastically decreased in Cyp3a/Abcb1a/1b/Abcc2(-/-)
      compared with Abcb1a/1b/Abcc2(-/-) mice. This suggests that the formation of
      CYP3A-specific metabolites is an important prerequisite for trabectedin-mediated
      hepatotoxicity. Further studies revealed that there is increased accumulation of
      metabolites of trabectedin, but not of trabectedin itself, in the livers of mice
      that lack Abcc2 but are CYP3A proficient. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that ABCB1,
      ABCC2, and ABCC3 have a profound and partially redundant function in protection
      from trabectedin-mediated hepatotoxicity, presumably by clearing the liver from
      hepatotoxic trabectedin metabolites that are primarily formed by CYP3A. (Clin
      Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7616-23).

PMID- 19996203
TI  - Smoking-Related Gene Expression in Laser Capture-Microdissected Human Lung.
AB  - PURPOSE: Interindividual differences in quantitative expression could underlie a
      propensity for lung cancer. To determine precise individual gene expression
      signatures on a lung compartment-specific basis, we investigated the expression
      of carcinogen metabolism genes encoding cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1B1, 2A13, GSTP1,
      and a tumor suppressor gene p16 in laser capture-microdissected samples of human
      alveolar compartment (AC) and bronchial epithelial compartment (BEC) lung tissue
      from 62 smokers and nonsmokers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tobacco exposure was
      determined by plasma nicotine, cotinine, and smoking history. Precise mRNA
      expression was determined using our RNA-specific qRT-PCR strategy, and correlated
      with detailed demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Several
      correlations of mRNA expression included (a) CYP1B1 in AC (positively with plasma
      nicotine level, P = 0.008; plasma cotinine level, P = 0.001), (b) GSTP1 in AC
      (positively with plasma cotinine level, P = 0.003), and (c) GSTP1 in BEC
      (negatively with smoke dose, P = 0.043; occupational risk, P = 0.019). CYP2A13
      was rarely expressed in AC and not expressed in BEC. p16 expression was not
      correlated with any measured factor. For each gene, subjects showed expression
      that was individually concordant between these compartments. No clear association
      of mRNA expression with lung cancer risk was observed in this pilot analysis.
      CONCLUSIONS: The association between lung mRNA expression and tobacco exposure
      implies that gene-tobacco interaction is a measurable quantitative trait, albeit
      with wide interindividual variation. Gene expression tends to be concordant for
      alveolar and bronchial compartments for these genes in an individual, controlling
      for proximate tobacco exposure. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7562-70).

PMID- 19996205
TI  - Barriers to Integrating Gene Profiling for Stage II Colon Cancer.
AB  - The identification of high-risk subsets of colon cancers has undergone extensive
      study over the years, and multidimensional gene signatures have shown promise for
      colon cancer. However, several hurdles need to be overcome in order to show the
      benefit of this approach and successfully apply them to the clinic. (Clin Cancer
      Res 2009;15(24):7451-2).

PMID- 19996206
TI  - Metastasis-Associated Gene Expression Changes Predict Poor Outcomes in Patients
      with Dukes Stage B and C Colorectal Cancer.
AB  - PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer prognosis is currently predicted from pathologic
      staging, providing limited discrimination for Dukes stage B and C disease.
      Additional markers for outcome are required to help guide therapy selection for
      individual patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A multisite single-platform microarray
      study was done on 553 colorectal cancers. Gene expression changes were identified
      between stage A and D tumors (three training sets) and assessed as a prognosis
      signature in stage B and C tumors (independent test and external validation
      sets). RESULTS: One hundred twenty-eight genes showed reproducible expression
      changes between three sets of stage A and D cancers. Using consistent genes,
      stage B and C cancers clustered into two groups resembling early-stage and
      metastatic tumors. A Prediction Analysis of Microarray algorithm was developed to
      classify individual intermediate-stage cancers into stage A-like/good prognosis
      or stage D-like/poor prognosis types. For stage B patients, the treatment
      adjusted hazard ratio for 6-year recurrence in individuals with stage D-like
      cancers was 10.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-80.0; P = 0.011). For stage C
      patients, the adjusted hazard ratio was 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.6; P
      = 0.016). Similar results were obtained for an external set of stage B and C
      patients. The prognosis signature was enriched for downregulated immune response
      genes and upregulated cell signaling and extracellular matrix genes. Accordingly,
      sparse tumor infiltration with mononuclear chronic inflammatory cells was
      associated with poor outcome in independent patients. CONCLUSIONS: Metastasis
      associated gene expression changes can be used to refine traditional outcome
      prediction, providing a rational approach for tailoring treatments to subsets of
      patients. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7642-51).

PMID- 19996207
TI  - Increased Prevalence of Precursor Lesions in Familial Pancreatic Cancer Patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: Histologic findings in 51 pancreata resected from patients with a strong
      family history of pancreatic cancer were compared with the findings in 40
      pancreata resected from patients with sporadic pancreatic cancer. None of the
      patients in the familial group had a known inherited syndrome other than familial
      pancreatic cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Precursor lesions, including pancreatic
      intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
      (IPMN), and incipient IPMN, were quantified. Invasive cancers were classified
      using established histologic criteria. RESULTS: The individual precursor lesions
      identified in both groups were histologically similar. Precursor lesions were
      more common in the familial cases than in the sporadic cases. The relative rate
      of PanINs per square centimeter was 2.75-fold higher (95% confidence interval,
      2.05-3.70; adjusted for age) in familial compared with sporadic cases. PanIN-3
      lesions were more common in familial versus sporadic pancreatic cancer patients
      (relative rate, 4.20; 95% confidence interval, 2.22-7.93; adjusted for age). High
      grade incipient IPMNs were only observed in the familial cases. Nine of the 51
      (18%) familial pancreatic cancers and 4 of the 40 (10%) sporadic cancers arose in
      association with an IPMN. No significant differences were found in the types of
      invasive cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive precursor lesions are more common in
      patients with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer than in patients with
      sporadic disease, and precursor lesions are of a higher grade in patients with a
      strong family history of pancreatic cancer. These findings can form a basis for
      the design of screening tests for the early detection of pancreatic neoplasia.
      (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7737-43).

PMID- 19996209
TI  - Toll-Like Receptor Triggering and T-Cell Costimulation Induce Potent Antitumor
      Immunity in Mice.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the antitumor activity of a novel combination of two
      immunomodulatory agents that simultaneously direct multiple components of
      immunity against cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We combined the Toll-like receptor
      agonist CpG 1826 with a T-cell costimulatory antibody specific for CD137 in an
      optimal treatment route and dosing schedule against established tumors in two
      mouse models. Mechanistic insight was gained using gene-deficient mice and cell
      depleting antibodies. RESULTS: The combination was shown to eradicate tumors in a
      large proportion of mice. Crucial roles for CD8(+) T cells, natural killer cells,
      and IFNs were shown. CpG and anti-CD137 injection led to activation of dendritic
      cells and optimal expansion of activated T cells in the blood. Macrophages were
      not necessary for therapeutic effect, and indeed depletion of macrophages in vivo
      enhanced therapy leading to tumor rejection in 100% of mice, which has not been
      previously reported in the immunotherapeutic setting. Long-term surviving mice
      were resistant to tumor rechallenge, demonstrating immunologic memory. In
      addition, we show, for the first time, that mice lacking B cells have a total
      loss of a recall response against tumor, suggesting a role for B cells in the
      induction of antitumor immunologic memory. CONCLUSION: This study provides
      support for the use of a novel combination of immunomodulatory agents stimulating
      multiple facets of immunity for the effective immunotherapy of cancer. (Clin
      Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7624-33).

PMID- 19996208
TI  - Integrated Molecular and Clinical Analysis of AKT Activation in Metastatic
      Melanoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway has been
      implicated in melanoma based primarily on the prevalence of mutations in PTEN and
      NRAS. To improve our understanding of the regulation and clinical significance of
      the PI3K-AKT pathway in melanoma, we quantitatively measured the levels of
      phosphorylated AKT, its substrate GSK3alpha/beta, and its negative regulator PTEN
      in clinical metastases. Results were compared with mutational status, clinical
      outcomes, and sites of metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: DNA and protein were
      isolated from dissected frozen melanoma metastases (n = 96). Activating mutations
      of BRAF, NRAS, AKT, PIK3CA, and KIT were detected by mass spectroscopy
      genotyping. Phosphorylated AKT (Ser473 and Thr308), P-GSK3alpha/beta, and PTEN
      protein expression were measured by reverse-phase protein array. A panel of human
      melanoma cells lines (n = 58) was analyzed for comparison. RESULTS: BRAF-mutant
      tumors had higher levels of P-AKT-Ser473 (P = 0.01), P-AKT-Thr308 (P = 0.002),
      and P-GSK3alpha/beta (P = 0.08) than NRAS-mutant tumors. Analysis of individual
      tumors showed that almost all tumors with elevated P-AKT had low PTEN levels;
      NRAS-mutant tumors had normal PTEN and lower P-AKT. Similar results were observed
      in melanoma cell lines. Stage III melanoma patients did not differ in overall
      survival based on activation status of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Brain metastases had
      significantly higher P-AKT and lower PTEN than lung or liver metastases.
      CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative interrogation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in melanoma
      reveals unexpected significant differences in AKT activation by NRAS mutation and
      PTEN loss, and hyperactivation of AKT in brain metastases. These findings have
      implications for the rational development of targeted therapy for this disease.
      (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7538-46).

PMID- 19996210
TI  - miR-195 and miR-483-5p Identified as Predictors of Poor Prognosis in
      Adrenocortical Cancer.
AB  - PURPOSE: Adrenocortical adenomas are common, whereas adrenocortical carcinomas
      are rare. Discriminating between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors using
      conventional histology can be difficult. In addition, adrenocortical carcinomas
      generally have poor prognosis and limited treatment options. MicroRNAs are short
      noncoding RNAs that are involved in regulation of gene transcription.
      EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To identify microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of
      adrenocortical tumors, expression profiling of microRNAs was done on a cohort of
      22 adrenocortical carcinomas, 27 adrenocortical adenomas, and 6 normal adrenal
      cortices. RESULTS: Twenty-three microRNAs were found to be significantly
      differentially expressed between adrenocortical carcinomas and adrenocortical
      adenomas. miR-335 and miR-195 were significantly downregulated in adrenocortical
      carcinomas compared with adrenocortical adenomas. This result was further
      validated in an external cohort of six adrenocortical carcinomas and four
      adrenocortical adenomas. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, downregulation of miR-195
      and upregulation of miR-483-5p in adrenocortical carcinomas were significantly
      associated with poorer disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
      indicate that deregulation of microRNAs is a recurring event in human
      adrenocortical carcinomas and that aberrant expression of miR-195 and miR-483-5p
      identifies a subset of poorer prognosis adrenocortical carcinomas. (Clin Cancer
      Res 2009;15(24):7684-92).

PMID- 19996211
TI  - Inhibition of Functional Hyaluronan-CD44 Interactions in CD133-positive Primary
      Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells by Small Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides.
AB  - PURPOSE: CD44 is one of the most common markers used for identification of highly
      tumorigenic subpopulations of human carcinoma cells, but little is known about
      the function of CD44 or its major ligand, hyaluronan, in these cells. The purpose
      of this study was to investigate the involvement of hyaluronan and its
      interaction with CD44 in the properties of a tumorigenic subpopulation of primary
      ovarian carcinoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A tumorigenic subpopulation was
      identified in ascites fluids from ovarian carcinoma patients by expression of
      high CD133 levels. Treatment with small hyaluronan oligosaccharides, which
      dissociate constitutive hyaluronan polymer-CD44 interactions, was used to test
      the importance of hyaluronan-CD44 interaction in assembly of multidrug and
      monocarboxylate transporters and receptor tyrosine kinases in the plasma membrane
      of cells with high CD133 levels, and in the tumorigenic capacity of the CD133
      high subpopulation. RESULTS: Although total CD44 levels were similar in cells
      with high or low CD133 expression, CD44 was present in close association with
      transporters, receptor tyrosine kinases, and emmprin (CD147) in the plasma
      membrane of cells with high CD133 levels. Treatment with small hyaluronan
      oligosaccharides reduced association of the transporters and receptor tyrosine
      kinases with CD44 in the plasma membrane, diminished drug transporter activity,
      and inhibited i.p. tumorigenesis in these cells. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that
      hyaluronan-CD44 interaction plays an important role in the properties of highly
      tumorigenic cells by stabilizing oncogenic complexes in their plasma membrane,
      and that treatment with hyaluronan-CD44 antagonists provides a logical
      therapeutic approach for abrogating the properties of these cells. (Clin Cancer
      Res 2009;15(24):7593-601).

PMID- 19996212
TI  - Clinical Benefit of Allogeneic Melanoma Cell Lysate-Pulsed Autologous Dendritic
      Cell Vaccine in MAGE-Positive Colorectal Cancer Patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical benefit of an allogeneic melanoma cell lysate
      (MCL)-pulsed autologous dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in advanced colorectal cancer
      patients expressing at least one of six MAGE-A antigens overexpressed by the cell
      line source of the lysate. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: DCs were cultured from peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), pulsed with the allogeneic MCL, and matured using
      cytokines that achieved high CD83- and CCR7-expressing DCs. Each patient received
      up to 10 intradermal vaccinations (3-5 x 10(6) cells per dose) at biweekly
      intervals. RESULTS: Twenty patients received a total of 161 vaccinations.
      Treatment was well tolerated and quality of life measurements did not vary much
      across time. One patient experienced partial response [5%; 95% confidence
      interval (CI), 1-24%] and seven achieved stable disease (35%; 95% CI, 18-57%),
      one of whom also achieved late tumor regression, yielding a clinical benefit
      response rate of 40% (95% CI, 22-61%). Although overall median progression-free
      survival was 2.4 months (95% CI, 1.9-4.1 months), five patients (25%) experienced
      prolonged progression-free survival (>6 months), two of whom (10%) remain
      progression-free for >27 and >37 months, respectively. This result is
      particularly meaningful as all patients had progressive disease before treatment.
      Overall, DC vaccination was associated with a serial decline in regulatory T
      cells. Using an antibody array, we characterized plasma protein profiles in
      responding patients that may correlate with vaccine activity and report a
      prevaccination protein signature distinguishing responders from nonresponders.
      CONCLUSION: This phase II vaccine study using mature, MCL-pulsed DCs has shown
      promising results and warrants further evaluation in a prospective randomized
      setting. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7726-36).

PMID- 19996213
TI  - Characterizing the clinical relevance of an embryonic stem cell phenotype in lung
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: Cancer cells possess traits reminiscent of those ascribed to normal stem
      cells. It is unclear whether these phenotypic similarities are the result of a
      common biological phenotype, such as regulatory pathways. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
      Lung cancer cell lines with corresponding gene expression data and genes
      associated with an embryonic stem cell identity were used to develop a signature
      of embryonic stemness (ES) activity specific to lung adenocarcinoma. Biological
      characteristics were elucidated as a function of cancer biology/oncogenic pathway
      dysregulation. The ES signature was applied to three independent early-stage (I
      IIIa) lung adenocarcinoma data sets with clinically annotated gene expression
      data. The relationship between the ES phenotype and cisplatin (current standard
      of care) sensitivity was evaluated. RESULTS: Pathway analysis identified specific
      regulatory networks [Ras (P = 0.0005), Myc (P = 0.0224), wound healing (P <
      0.0001), chromosomal instability (P < 0.0001), and invasiveness (P < 0.0001)]
      associated with the ES phenotype. The prognostic relevance of the ES signature,
      as related to patient survival, was characterized in three cohorts [CALGB 9761 (n
      = 82; P = 0.0001), National Cancer Institute Director's Challenge Consortium (n =
      442; P = 0.0002), and Duke (n = 45; P = 0.06)]. The ES signature was not
      prognostic in prostate, breast, or ovarian adenocarcinomas. Lung tumors (n = 569)
      and adenocarcinoma cell lines (n = 31) expressing the ES phenotype were more
      likely to be resistant to cisplatin (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.006, respectively).
      CONCLUSIONS: Lung adenocarcinomas that share a common gene expression pattern
      with normal human embryonic stem cells were associated with decreased survival,
      increased biological complexity, and increased likelihood of resistance to
      cisplatin. This indicates the aggressiveness of these tumors.

PMID- 19996214
TI  - Differential Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Different Variants of Large-Cell
      Carcinoma of the Lung.
AB  - PURPOSE: In non-small cell lung cancer, higher thymidylate synthase (TS) levels
      have been reported in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared with adenocarcinoma
      (ADC). Data on TS expression in large-cell carcinoma (LCC) are scanty.
      EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: TS mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in 42 surgical
      cases of pulmonary LCC, including 8 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and
      were compared with controls represented by ADC (n = 41), SCC (n = 30), and small
      cell lung carcinoma (SCLC; n = 33). TS levels were also correlated with the
      expression of Ki67 and E2F1. Moreover, the reliability of TS expression analysis
      was assessed in 22 matched cytologic and surgical specimens of non-small cell
      lung cancer. RESULTS: TS mRNA levels of LCC were comparable with those of control
      SCC, but significantly higher than those of ADC (P < 0.001) and lower than SCLC
      (P < 0.001). A correlation between TS mRNA and protein levels was observed in
      control ADC and SCC, but not in LCC. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas had the
      highest TS expression, whereas in non-neuroendocrine LCCs, TS protein levels were
      significantly higher (P = 0.02) in LCC immunoreactive for p63 and desmocollin3
      (markers of squamous differentiation) than those expressing TTF-1 (a marker of
      ADC). Both E2F1 and Ki67 levels were not correlated with TS in LCCs. Finally, a
      linear correlation in TS protein levels was observed between matched cytologic
      and surgical specimens. CONCLUSION: The pulmonary LCC immunoprofile may resemble
      that of SCCs or ADCs. This immunoprofile is associated with differential TS
      expression levels, which may support a more appropriate therapeutic strategy
      decision. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7547-52).

PMID- 19996215
TI  - Noninvasive Prediction of Fracture Risk in Patients with Metastatic Cancer to the
      Spine.
AB  - PURPOSE: Skeletal metastases affect up to 85% of breast cancer patients by the
      time of their death. This prospective in vivo study evaluated the diagnostic
      performance of computed tomography-based structural rigidity analysis (CTRA) to
      predict vertebral fracture risk in breast cancer patients with skeletal
      metastasis and in comparison with the current standard of care. EXPERIMENTAL
      DESIGN: Torso CT scans of 94 women with vertebral metastatic breast cancer were
      obtained as part of routine screening for lung and liver metastases. The load
      bearing capacity (LBC) and axial (EA) and bending (EI) rigidities of vertebrae T8
      to L5 were calculated from CT images. The LBC was normalized by patient body mass
      index (BMI) to account for height and mass variations. Vertebral fracture risk
      was also calculated using the current radiographic-based criteria based on lesion
      size and location. The actual occurrence of a new vertebral fracture was assessed
      radiographically over the ensuing 4 months. RESULTS: Eleven vertebral fractures
      occurred in 10 patients. The structural parameters EA, EI, LBC, and LBC/BMI were
      all 100% sensitive and 55%, 53%, 44%, and 70% specific to predict fracture risk,
      respectively. Although radiographic criteria correctly predicted all fracture
      cases (100% sensitive), only 48 of the 236 spinal segments that did not have a
      fracture were correctly predicted not to fracture (20% specific). CONCLUSIONS:
      CTRA, using CT scans as part of routine screening for lung and liver metastasis,
      is shown to be as sensitive as, and significantly more specific than, the current
      radiographic criteria for predicting vertebral fracture in breast cancer patients
      with skeletal metastasis. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7676-83).

PMID- 19996216
TI  - Differential Proteomics Identifies Protein Biomarkers That Predict Local Relapse
      of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.
AB  - PURPOSE: The 5-year survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
      (HNSCC) remain disappointing. HNSCCs develop in precursor fields of genetically
      altered cells that are often not completely resected when the tumor is excised,
      causing local relapse. These precursor fields are mostly recognized as dysplasia,
      but histologic grading cannot reliably predict malignant transformation. Our aim
      was to discover and validate protein biomarkers that can detect precursor fields
      and predict local relapse in HNSCC using immunostaining of surgical margins.
      EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We compared paired and genetically characterized normal,
      precursor, and tumor tissues of eight patients by proteome analysis to identify
      differentially expressed proteins. The prognostic value of candidate protein
      biomarkers was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of 222 surgical margins
      of 46 HNSCC patients who developed local relapse or remained disease free.
      Significant associations were determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and
      Cox-proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Forty proteins showed significant
      differential expression (false discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05). Most
      discriminative markers suited for immunostaining were keratin 4 and cornulin. Low
      expression in the surgical margins of keratin 4 (hazard ratio, 3.8; P = 0.002),
      cornulin (hazard ratio, 2.7; P = 0.025), and their combination (hazard ratio,
      8.8; P = 0.0005) showed a highly significant association with the development of
      local relapse. Dysplasia grading had no prognostic relevance. CONCLUSIONS:
      Immunohistochemical assessment of keratin 4 and cornulin expression in surgical
      margins of HNSCC patients outperforms histopathologic grading in predicting the
      risk for local relapse. These markers can be used to initiate more frequent and
      lifelong surveillance of patients at high risk of local relapse, and enable
      selection for adjuvant treatment or tertiary prevention trials. (Clin Cancer Res
      2009;15(24):7666-75).

PMID- 19996217
TI  - The Ligamp TP53 Assay for Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Head and Neck
      Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgical Margins.
AB  - PURPOSE: Detect tumor-related DNA using LigAmp in histologically clear margins
      and associate results with clinical outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients with
      head and neck cancer were registered for molecular analysis of surgical margins.
      Adequacy of resection was ensured using histologic margin analysis. Further
      margins were then harvested and DNA extracted. TP53 mutations in tumor were
      determined using Affymetrix p53 GeneChip. Margins were analyzed by Ligamp in
      comparison with standard curves for quantification of mutant DNA. Ligation used
      two oligonucleotides to isolate DNA targeting the mutation. Ligated DNA was
      amplified using real-time PCR. The quantity of mutation in the margin was
      determined as percent of mutant species relative to plasmid and relative to
      tumor. Cutpoints were identified and defined groups were evaluated for local
      failure-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival. Study margins were examined
      for presence of tumor by light microscopy. RESULTS: Tissue from 95 patients with
      common mutations was analyzed. Fifteen experienced local recurrence. Cutpoints of
      0.15% for mutant species relative to plasmid and 0.5% for mutant species relative
      to tumor were chosen as most selective of recurrent cases. LigAmp had slightly
      better area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (P = 0.09) than
      light microscopy correctly predicting 9 of 15 recurrent tumors. There were 6
      false negative cases and 26 false positive results. No statistically significant
      distinctions were observed in cancer-specific or overall survival in this limited
      cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Ligamp provides quantifiable, sensitive detection of mutant
      DNA in histologically normal margins. Detection of mutant species in margins may
      identify patients at risk of local recurrence. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7658
      65).

PMID- 19996218
TI  - Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}-Stimulated Clone-22 Is an Androgen-Regulated
      Gene That Enhances Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer following Insulin-Like Growth
      Factor-I Receptor Inhibition.
AB  - PURPOSE: Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling using the human
      IGF-I receptor monoclonal antibody A12 is most effective at inducing apoptosis in
      prostate cancer xenografts in the presence of androgen. We undertook this study
      to determine mechanisms for increased apoptosis by A12 in the presence of
      androgens. Experimental Methods: The castrate-resistant human xenograft LuCaP 35
      V was implanted into intact or castrate severe combined immunodeficient mice and
      treated with A12 weekly. After 6 weeks of tumor growth, animals were sacrificed
      and tumors were removed and analyzed for cell cycle distribution/apoptosis and
      cDNA arrays were done. RESULTS: In castrate mice, the tumors were delayed in G(2)
      with no apoptosis; in contrast, tumors from intact mice underwent apoptosis with
      either G(1) or G(2) delay. Transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated clone-22
      (TSC-22) was significantly elevated in tumors from the intact mice compared with
      castrate mice, especially in those tumors with the highest levels of apoptosis.
      To further determine the function of TSC-22, we transfected various human
      prostate cancer cell lines with a plasmid expressing TSC-22. Cell lines
      overexpressing TSC-22 showed an increase in apoptosis and a delay in G(1). When
      these cell lines were placed subcutaneously in athymic nude mice, a decreased
      number of animals formed tumors and the rate of tumor growth was decreased
      compared with control tumors. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that IGF-I
      receptor inhibition in the presence of androgen has an enhanced effect on
      decreasing tumor growth, in part, through increased expression of the tumor
      suppressor gene TSC-22. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7634-41).

PMID- 19996219
TI  - Interactions between MDM2 and TP53 Genetic Alterations, and Their Impact on
      Response to MDM2 Inhibitors and Other Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Cancer Cells.
AB  - PURPOSE: MDM2 is a key negative regulator of the p53 signaling pathway. We aimed
      to evaluate the inter-relationships between MDM2 SNP309, mRNA expression,
      amplification, and TP53 mutations, as well as their correlations with
      responsiveness to MDM2 inhibitors and other commonly used cytotoxic drugs tested
      in the NCI-60 cancer cell panel. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: SNP309 was genotyped in the
      NCI-60 cancer cell lines. MDM2 mRNA levels and gene copy number were measured
      using real-time PCR. We assessed the inter-relationship between MDM2 genetic
      alterations, TP53 mutations, and the cytotoxicity of two MDM2 inhibitors (RITA
      and Nutlin-3) as well as 111 other drugs with known mechanisms of action.
      RESULTS: In the overall NCI-60 cell panel, MDM2 mRNA levels were not associated
      with SNP309 but with increased gene copy number. However, SNP309 strongly
      determined the MDM2 mRNA expression in cancer cells with wild-type TP53. Cancer
      cells with wild-type TP53 also had significantly higher MDM2 copies. In the
      overall panel, MDM2 copy number was independently correlated with increased
      sensitivity to commonly used alkylating agents and topoisomerase I and II
      inhibitors. SNP309 was significantly associated with increased sensitivity to
      alkylating agents and topoisomerase I inhibitors in the cells with wild-type
      TP53. In addition, TP53 mutations were the only factor significantly associated
      with cellular resistance to the MDM2 inhibitor RITA. CONCLUSIONS: Our results
      suggest that MDM2 copy number and SNP309 may predict for response to alkylating
      agents and topoisomerase inhibitors. These markers should be tested further,
      particularly in combination with other putative predictive biomarkers. (Clin
      Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7602-7).

PMID- 19996220
TI  - 14-3-3{eta} Amplifies Androgen Receptor Actions in Prostate Cancer.
AB  - PURPOSE: Androgen receptor abundance and androgen receptor-regulated gene
      expression in castration-recurrent prostate cancer are indicative of androgen
      receptor activation in the absence of testicular androgen. Androgen receptor
      transactivation of target genes in castration-recurrent prostate cancer occurs in
      part through mitogen signaling that amplifies the actions of androgen receptor
      and its coregulators. Herein we report on the role of 14-3-3eta in androgen
      receptor action. Experimental Design and RESULTS: Androgen receptor and 14-3-3eta
      colocalized in COS cell nuclei with and without androgen, and 14-3-3eta promoted
      androgen receptor nuclear localization in the absence of androgen. 14-3-3eta
      interacted with androgen receptor in cell-free binding and coimmunoprecipitation
      assays. In the recurrent human prostate cancer cell line, CWR-R1, native
      endogenous androgen receptor transcriptional activation was stimulated by 14-3
      3eta at low dihydrotestosterone concentrations and was increased by epidermal
      growth factor. Moreover, the dihydrotestosterone- and epidermal growth factor
      dependent increase in androgen receptor transactivation was inhibited by a
      dominant negative 14-3-3eta. In the CWR22 prostate cancer xenograft model, 14-3
      3eta expression was increased by androgen, suggesting a feed-forward mechanism
      that potentiates both 14-3-3eta and androgen receptor actions. 14-3-3eta mRNA and
      protein decreased following castration of tumor-bearing mice and increased in
      tumors of castrate mice after treatment with testosterone. CWR22 tumors that
      recurred 5 months after castration contained 14-3-3eta levels similar to the
      androgen-stimulated tumors removed before castration. In a human prostate tissue
      microarray of clinical specimens, 14-3-3eta localized with androgen receptor in
      nuclei, and the similar amounts expressed in castration-recurrent prostate
      cancer, androgen-stimulated prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia
      were consistent with androgen receptor activation in recurrent prostate cancer.
      CONCLUSION: 14-3-3eta enhances androgen- and mitogen-induced androgen receptor
      transcriptional activity in castration-recurrent prostate cancer. (Clin Cancer
      Res 2009;15(24):7571-81).

PMID- 19996221
TI  - High Innate Production Capacity of Proinflammatory Cytokines Increases Risk for
      Death from Cancer: Results of the PROSPER Study.
AB  - PURPOSE: Various lines of evidence suggest that proinflammatory factors may play
      a role in tumor growth and metastasis, the leading cause of cancer-related
      mortality. However, most evidence originates from animal models, only few human
      studies reported an association between proinflammatory cytokines and death from
      cancer. Here, we investigated the association between circulating levels and
      innate production capacity of proinflammatory cytokines and cancer incidence and
      mortality in the PROspective Study on Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk
      (PROSPER). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Circulating levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C
      reactive protein were measured in all 5,804 participants of the PROSPER study.
      The innate production capacity of IL-6, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha
      (TNF-alpha) were measured in a random sample of 403 subjects. RESULTS: We showed
      that high circulating inflammatory markers were associated with an increased risk
      for cancer incidence and death from cancer during follow-up (all P < 0.05).
      Moreover, high innate proinflammatory cytokine production capacity is associated
      with an increased risk for death from cancer (all P < 0.04) but not with higher
      cancer incidence during follow-up (all P > 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: High innate
      production capacity of proinflammatory cytokines is associated with an increased
      risk for death from cancer, probably because of increased tumor growth and
      metastasis. Because there was no association between innate production capacity
      and cancer incidence, the association between circulating levels and cancer
      incidence at least partially reflects reversed causality. (Clin Cancer Res
      2009;15(24):7744-8).

PMID- 19996222
TI  - Relationship between Topoisomerase 2A RNA Expression and Recurrence after
      Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.
AB  - PURPOSE: To perform an exploratory analysis of the relationship between gene
      expression and recurrence in operable hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human
      epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-normal breast cancer patients treated
      with adjuvant doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: RNA was
      extracted from archived tumor samples derived from 378 patients with stage I to
      III HR-positive, HER2-normal breast cancer and analyzed by reverse transcription
      PCR for a panel of 374 genes, including the 21-gene recurrence score (RS).
      Patients were randomized to receive adjuvant doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide or
      docetaxel in trial E2197, with no difference in recurrence seen in the treatment
      arms. All available recurrent cases were selected plus a nonrecurrent cohort. Cox
      proportional hazard models were used to identify relationships between gene
      expression and recurrence. RESULTS: TOP2A expression exhibited the strongest
      association with increased recurrence risk (P = 0.01), and was significantly
      associated with recurrence (P = 0.008) in a multivariate analysis adjusted for
      clinicopathologic features. Elevated TOP2A expression above the median was
      associated with a 2.6-fold increase (95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.2; P = 0.008)
      in risk of recurrence if the RS was <18, and a 2.0-fold increase (95% confidence
      interval, 1.2-3.2, P = 0.003) if there was an intermediate RS of 18 to 30.
      CONCLUSIONS: In patients with HR-positive, HER2-normal breast cancer, a
      population known to have a low incidence of TOP2A gene alterations thought to be
      predictive of anthracycline benefit, there is a range of TOP2A RNA expression
      that is strongly associated with recurrence after adjuvant anthracyclines, which
      provides information complementary to RS, indicating that it merits further
      evaluation as a prognostic and predictive marker. (Clin Cancer Res
      2009;15(24):7693-700).

PMID- 19996223
TI  - Predictive Potential of Angiogenic Growth Factors and Circulating Endothelial
      Cells in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Metronomic Chemotherapy Plus
      Bevacizumab.
AB  - PURPOSE: The association of chemotherapy and antiangiogenic drugs has shown
      efficacy in clinical oncology. However, there is a need for biomarkers that allow
      selection of patients who are likely to benefit from such treatment and are
      useful for indicating best drug combination and schedule. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We
      investigated the predictive potential of six angiogenic molecules/transcripts and
      nine subpopulations of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and progenitors (CEP)
      in 46 patients with advanced breast cancer treated with metronomic
      cyclophosphamide and capecitabine plus bevacizumab. RESULTS: Median time to
      progression was 281 days. Baseline CECs higher than the first quartile were
      associated with an increased time to progression (P = 0.021). At progression,
      CECs were markedly reduced (P = 0.0002). In the cohort of 15 long-term
      responders, who progressed later than 1 year after beginning of therapy,
      circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A levels measured after 2
      months of therapy were significantly reduced, and there were significant trends
      toward lower levels of PDGF-BB, CEPs, and CECs. At the time of progression,
      angiogenic growth factors VEGF-A and basic fibroblast growth factor were
      significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline CECs (likely reflecting an active
      vascular turnover) predicted a prolonged clinical benefit. At the time of
      relapse, a pattern of decreased CECs and increased angiogenic growth factors
      suggested a switch toward a different type of cancer vascularization. VEGF-A and
      basic fibroblast growth factor levels after 2 months of therapy were also useful
      to identify patients whose disease was likely to progress. These biomarkers are
      likely to be useful for treatment selection and might be incorporated in design
      of future studies. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7652-7).

PMID- 19996224
TI  - Phase II Trial of Temozolomide and Sorafenib in Advanced Melanoma Patients with
      or without Brain Metastases.
AB  - PURPOSE: The combination of the oral alkylating agent temozolomide and the oral
      multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was evaluated in advanced melanoma patients.
      EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients with metastatic melanoma (n = 167) were treated on
      four arms. All patients received sorafenib at 400 mg p.o. twice daily without
      interruption. Patients without brain metastases or prior temozolomide were
      randomized between arm A: extended dosing of temozolomide (75 mg/m(2)
      temozolomide daily for 6 of every 8 weeks) and arm B: standard dosing (150
      mg/m(2) temozolomide daily for 5 of every 28 days). Patients previously treated
      with temozolomide were enrolled on arm C: extended dosing of temozolomide.
      Patients with brain metastases and no prior temozolomide were assigned to arm D:
      standard dosing. The primary end point was 6-month progression-free survival
      (PFS) rate. Secondary end points included response rate, toxicity rates, and the
      rates of BRAF or NRAS mutations. RESULTS: The 6-month PFS rate for arms A, B, C,
      and D were 50%, 40%, 11%, and 23%. The median PFS for patients on arm A, B, C,
      and D was 5.9, 4.2, 2.2, and 3.5 months, respectively. No significant differences
      were observed between arms A and B in 6-month PFS rate, median PFS, or response
      rates. Treatment was well tolerated in all arms. No significant differences in
      toxicity were observed between arms A and B except for more grade 3 to 4
      lymphopenia in arm A. CONCLUSION: Temozolomide plus sorafenib was well tolerated
      and showed activity in melanoma patients without prior history of temozolomide.
      The activity of this combination regimen warrants further investigation. (Clin
      Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7711-8).

PMID- 19996225
TI  - Core competencies for fellowship training in psychosomatic medicine: a
      collaborative effort by the APA Council on Psychosomatic Medicine, the ABPN
      Psychosomatic Committee, and the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine.

PMID- 19996226
TI  - Sex differences in the prevalence of post-stroke depression: a systematic review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Depression after stroke occurs in 33% of individuals. It is grossly
      underdiagnosed and untreated. OBJECTIVE: The authors studied sex differences in
      the prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD), which have not been adequately
      studied, and may have important implications for clinicians. METHOD: The authors
      performed a systematic review of five databases of all observational studies that
      stratified data by sex, measuring the prevalence of PSD. RESULTS: Fifty-six
      publications, including 47 primary studies between 1982 and 2006, met eligibility
      criteria and were included in the review. A total of 75,131 subjects comprised
      these studies, with 11,910 women and 62,899 men. RESULTS: The prevalence of
      depression among women was higher in 35 studies. Moreover, the prevalence was
      generally higher among inpatient populations (both in acute-care and
      rehabilitation facilities) than in community-dwelling subjects. CONCLUSIONS: PSD
      is highly prevalent in both sexes, but appears to be slightly more common among
      women than men. Untreated depression after stroke can lead to a reduced quality
      of life, poorer prognosis, and increased mortality. All stroke patients should be
      routinely screened for depression, and further research is needed to determine
      whether there are sex-specific differences in response to treatment.

PMID- 19996227
TI  - Depression and diabetes: factors associated with major depression at five-year
      follow-up.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In patients with diabetes, comorbid depression has been shown to be
      associated with increased medical symptom burden, additional functional
      impairment, poor self-care, increased risk of macrovascular and microvascular
      complications, higher medical costs, and greater mortality. OBJECTIVE: The
      authors performed a longitudinal observation to assess the pathway between
      diabetes complications and subsequent depression. METHOD: In a prospective study
      of primary-care patients with diabetes (N=2,759), the authors determined, from
      automated data and chart review, whether macrovascular or microvascular events or
      coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular procedures during follow-up
      were associated with meeting criteria for major depression at 5-year follow-up.
      RESULTS: After controlling for baseline severity of depression symptoms and
      history of depression, having one-or-more coronary procedures during follow-up,
      and baseline severity of diabetes symptoms were strong predictors of having major
      depression at 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The risk of major depression among
      persons with diabetes is increased by previous depression history, baseline
      diabetes symptoms, and having had cardiovascular procedures.

PMID- 19996228
TI  - Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) for
      measuring the somatic symptoms of psychiatric outpatients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: About 2% to 5% of all primary-care patients have a somatization
      disorder, and somatic symptoms are strongly associated with comorbid depression
      and anxiety disorders. OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the validity of the 15
      item Somatization module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) among
      psychiatric outpatients. METHOD: The PHQ-15 was administered to patients with
      somatic complaints; it was compared with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and
      the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Fifty-seven Korean subjects
      completed the survey. RESULTS: The PHQ-15 exhibited significant internal
      consistency, and test-retest reliability. Convergent validity with the BDI and
      GHQ-12 were positive. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the Korean version
      of the PHQ-15 is appropriate for measuring the severity of somatic symptoms in a
      psychiatric outpatient setting.

PMID- 19996229
TI  - Comparison of short-term psychological outcomes of respiratory failure treated by
      either invasive or non-invasive ventilation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is now widespread recognition of the development of symptoms of
      posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals subjected to treatment in the
      hospital intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to investigate
      traumatic aspects of the ICU hospitalization experience. METHOD: A group of 20
      adult pulmonary patients requiring ventilation in the ICU were compared with 20
      patients treated without ventilation. Subjects completed a semistructured
      interview about their hospital experience and were given self-report measures to
      assess PTSD and coping style. RESULTS: Subjects requiring invasive ventilation
      were significantly more likely to endorse symptoms of PTSD. There was a strong
      correlation between symptoms of PTSD and recall of memories of traumatic medical
      events. Symptoms of PTSD were positively associated with habitual experiences of
      distress and negatively associated with the use of denial of distress.
      CONCLUSION: Specific traumatic aspects of a patient's treatment, in this case the
      experience of intubation and mechanical ventilation, may be an additive risk
      factor for the development of PTSD.

PMID- 19996230
TI  - Depression and anxiety in ambulatory patients with heart failure.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common in heart failure, but the
      prevalence, incidence, and relationship of these conditions to health service use
      and mortality remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to delineate these
      parameters and identify patient factors predicting hospitalizations for heart
      failure and mortality 12 months after their initial diagnosis of heart failure.
      METHOD: The authors utilized a retrospective database cohort of 12,028 ambulatory
      patients with newly diagnosed heart failure to examine diagnosed depression and
      anxiety and the relationship of these conditions to health service use and all
      cause mortality. RESULTS: Patients with diagnosed depression and/or anxiety (18%
      of the cohort) were frequently identified by providers within the first 30 days
      after a heart failure diagnosis. They subsequently utilized twice as many health
      services, but they did not show increased mortality risk. DISCUSSION: Although
      mental health intervention data for heart failure patients are limited, the
      prevalence and impact of depression and anxiety in these patients suggest that
      assessment and intervention efforts appear warranted early in the heart failure
      process.

PMID- 19996231
TI  - Consultation-liaison psychiatry in general hospitals: improvement in physicians'
      detection rates of alcohol use disorders.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the general hospital setting, alcohol-use disorders very commonly
      remain undetected. OBJECTIVE: The authors hypothesized that including a
      consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrist in primary-care rounds would improve
      detection rates of alcohol-use-disorders. METHOD: Patients (N=165) on two medical
      wards were screened by means of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.
      Diagnoses were confirmed with the International Diagnostic Checklists and
      compared with physicians' detection rates. C-L intervention included
      demonstrations of standardized diagnostic procedures in order to change primary
      care physicians' behavior. RESULTS: Primary-care-physicians' detection rates of
      alcohol-use disorders increased significantly after implementation of the C-L
      service, whereas no significant differences were observed on the control ward.
      CONCLUSION: Tentative data thus underscore the efficacy of C-L psychiatry for
      detection and intervention in alcohol-use disorders.

PMID- 19996233
TI  - An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The most common mental disorders in both outpatient settings and the
      general population are depression and anxiety, which frequently coexist. Both of
      these disorders are associated with considerable disability. OBJECTIVE: When the
      disorders co-occur, the disability is even greater. Authors sought to test an
      ultra-brief screening tool for both. METHOD: Validated two-item ultra-brief
      screeners for depression and anxiety were combined to constitute the Patient
      Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (the PHQ-4). Data were analyzed
      from 2,149 patients drawn from 15 primary-care clinics in the United States.
      RESULTS: Factor analysis confirmed two discrete factors (Depression and Anxiety)
      that explained 84% of the total variance. Increasing PHQ-4 scores were strongly
      associated with functional impairment, disability days, and healthcare use.
      Anxiety had a substantial effect on functional status that was independent of
      depression. CONCLUSION: The PHQ-4 is a valid ultra-brief tool for detecting both
      anxiety and depressive disorders.

PMID- 19996232
TI  - An investigation of temperamental traits in patients with somatoform disorder: do
      they belong in the affective spectrum?
AB  - BACKGROUND: About 10% of the general population report multiple and persisting
      physical symptoms resulting in extensive screening but with no organic
      explanation found. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether these
      somatoform-disorder patients show characteristics of the affective disorder
      spectrum, with the cyclothymic temperament likely showing the highest specificity
      for somatoform disorder. METHOD: This study examined temperamental traits and
      current mood states of 44 general-hospital inpatients diagnosed with somatoform
      disorder. RESULTS: There was a higher prevalence of abnormal temperamental traits
      in patients with somatoform disorder. CONCLUSION: Based on the idea of a
      continuum between temperament and affective disorders, the results should trigger
      further research on this issue possibly leading to novel treatment options in the
      future.

PMID- 19996234
TI  - Lagtime in psychosomatic medicine consultations for cognitive-disorder patients:
      association with length of stay.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Utilization studies in inpatient psychosomatic medicine have focused
      on patterns of consultation requests, timing of consultation requests relative to
      date of hospital admission, and the association between time to initial
      psychiatric consultation and length of stay. OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the
      association of time to initial psychosomatic medicine consultation and length of
      stay for inpatients with cognitive disorders. METHOD: The authors reviewed 157
      charts, analyzing effects of age, gender, days from admission until consultation
      (REFLAG), and length of stay (LOS). Two values were computed: referral lag
      divided by LOS (REFLAG/LOS) and log(REFLAG)/log(LOS). RESULTS: Mean REFLAG was
      8.13; mean LOS was 18.6 days; mean REFLAG/LOS was 0.466; and mean log(REFLAG)/log
      (LOS) was 0.596. REFLAG and log (REFLAG)/log(LOS) correlated significantly with
      LOS. CONCLUSION: REFLAG is significantly associated with increased LOS. Referring
      services may need to consider earlier consultation requests.

PMID- 19996235
TI  - Clozapine use in HIV-infected schizophrenia patients: a case-based discussion and
      review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that is
      associated with an increased risk for HIV infection. Because schizophrenia may
      affect the ability of HIV-infected patients to adhere to their antiretroviral
      regimen, optimal management of their mental illness is a high priority in such
      individuals. However, 20% to 30% of patients with schizophrenia are refractory to
      first-line antipsychotics. OBJECTIVE: Given the frequency of comorbid HIV
      infection and schizophrenia, the authors investigated the potential role of
      clozapine, with the idea that this medication may be considered for use in this
      particular patient population. METHOD: The authors present histories of clozapine
      treatment in two patients with schizophrenia and comorbid HIV illness. The use of
      clozapine in this population, along with potential pharmacodynamic and
      pharmacokinetic drug interactions are discussed. RESULTS: Management and
      information regarding the use of clozapine in patients with schizophrenia and
      comorbid HIV illness are presented. DISCUSSION: Clozapine can be used
      successfully in HIV-infected individuals, with control of viral replication an
      achievable goal, particularly for those patients in whom there is some external
      oversight of medication adherence. A multidisciplinary approach must be adopted,
      with the consultation psychiatrist providing the best possible control of
      psychiatric problems so that infectious-disease doctors can achieve the goal of
      HIV replication control.

PMID- 19996236
TI  - Suicide pact by mutual simultaneous arm amputation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dyadic suicide pacts are cases in which two individuals (and very
      rarely more) agree to die together. These account for fewer than 1% of all
      completed suicides. OBJECTIVE: The authors describe two men in a long-term
      domestic partnership who entered into a suicide pact and, despite utilizing a
      high-lethality method (simultaneous arm amputation with a power saw), survived.
      METHOD: The authors investigated the psychiatric, psychological, and social
      causes of suicide pacts by delving into the history of these two participants,
      who displayed a very high degree of suicidal intent. Psychiatric interviews and a
      family conference call, along with the strong support of one patient's family,
      were elicited. RESULTS: The patients, both HIV-positive, showed high levels of
      depression and hopelessness, as well as social isolation and financial hardship.
      With the support of his family, one patient was discharged to their care, while
      the other partner was hospitalized pending reunion with his partner. DISCUSSION:
      This case illustrates many of the key, defining features of suicide pacts that
      are carried out and also highlights the nature of the dependency relationship.

PMID- 19996237
TI  - Serotonin syndrome in a chronic-pain patient receiving concurrent methadone,
      ciprofloxacin, and venlafaxine.

PMID- 19996239
TI  - Internet filtering and psychiatric investigation.

PMID- 19996240
TI  - Isoniazid-induced psychosis.

PMID- 19996241
TI  - Erratum in study of Impact of delirium on short-term mortality in elderly
      inpatients, by Matias Gonzalez, Ph.D., et al.

PMID- 19996243
TI  - Electrical injury, part II: consequences.

PMID- 19996244
TI  - Psychopharmacological treatment for cognitive impairment in survivors of
      traumatic brain injury: a critical review.
AB  - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing national health issue that commonly
      results in clinically significant cognitive impairments. This article reviews and
      evaluates the many proposed psychopharmacological treatments for TBI-related
      cognitive impairment. A literature review was utilized to focus on stimulant and
      nonstimulant dopamine enhancing agents, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors,
      antidepressant agents, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The
      most consistent evidence supports the use of dopamine enhancing medications.
      However, other medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and
      antidepressant agents may help select subgroups. A need remains for well
      designed, sufficiently powered studies that incorporate functionally relevant
      neuropsychological outcome measures.

PMID- 19996245
TI  - Catatonia: clinical aspects and neurobiological correlates.
AB  - Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can occur due to medical or
      psychiatric disorder. This review synthesizes over 20 years of original research
      and comprehensive review articles with attention to the most recent findings.
      Though catatonia is common and highly treatable, there have been few research
      studies investigating the syndrome. Pooled case reports suggest that catatonia
      due to an underlying general medical condition and catatonia due to a psychiatric
      illness can be treated similarly and that the catatonic symptoms and the
      underlying illness must be addressed in both types. Benzodiazepines and ECT
      continue to be mainstays of treatment. Evidence is mounting for the use of NMDA
      antagonists in catatonia refractory to lorazepam.

PMID- 19996246
TI  - Treatment of resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder with ventral
      capsular/ventral striatal gamma capsulotomy: a pilot prospective study.
AB  - A subgroup of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients remains refractory to
      conventional treatments. For them, a new stereotactic radiosurgery has been
      recently developed: the ventral capsular/ventral striatal (VC/VS) gamma
      capsulotomy. The authors aim to report efficacy and adverse events of VC/VS gamma
      capsulotomy. Five refractory OCD patients were selected. The authors assessed
      OCD, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and side effects pre- and postoperatively.
      Three patients (60%) met response criteria 48 months after surgery. Adverse
      effects were episodic and transient. Ventral capsular/ventral striatal gamma
      capsulotomy holds therapeutic promise, with few adverse effects.

PMID- 19996247
TI  - Neuropsychological outcome of ventral capsular/ventral striatal gamma capsulotomy
      for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a pilot study.
AB  - Five refractory obsessive-compulsive patients were assessed using a
      neuropsychological battery after a modified gamma knife capsulotomy. The surgical
      technique was not associated with profound cognitive deficits. The authors found
      improvements in attention, vocabulary, learning, abstract reasoning, and memory.

PMID- 19996248
TI  - Association of preoperative symptom profile with psychiatric symptoms following
      subthalamic nucleus stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - In order to evaluate the severity of behavioral complications after deep brain
      stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's disease and to
      explore possible predictive factors, the authors evaluated 22 patients for pre-
      and postoperative symptoms using a neurobehavioral battery. Compared to the time
      before STN-DBS, several behavioral symptoms had worsened in terms of prevalence
      and severity and appeared de novo in other patients. Apathy, anxiety, and
      suicidal ideation increased significantly, while depressive symptoms appeared
      stable. Compared with patients who improved, patients who had deteriorated
      behaviorally had similar prevalence and severity of preoperative behavioral
      symptoms but significantly shorter disease duration.

PMID- 19996249
TI  - Frequency and correlates of involuntary emotional expression disorder in
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED) is a syndrome characterized by
      involuntary episodes of emotional expression, particularly crying or laughing,
      that occur in patients with a neurological illness, including neuro-degenerative
      diseases. The authors assessed the frequency and clinical correlates of IEED
      among 131 patients with Parkinson's disease. IEED was present in 16.8% of
      patients overall and in 15.3% of depressed patients. The only clinical correlate
      of IEED diagnosis was greater severity of Parkinson's disease. The lack of an
      association between IEED and depression suggests that, in spite of some symptom
      overlap, the two disorders are distinct neuropsychiatric syndromes in Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 19996250
TI  - Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Parkinson's disease has a major impact on quality of life. This cross-sectional
      study assessed 43 idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients in order to evaluate
      the impact of Parkinson's disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr scale), anxiety, and
      depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) on quality of life (Short Form
      36 Health Survey questionnaire). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short
      Form-36 Health Survey scores were significantly correlated in Hoehn and Yahr
      stage 2 Parkinson's disease (n=33), and anxiety had a strong correlation with
      physical score. Multivariate analysis (n=43) revealed that anxiety was the
      strongest predictor of quality of life. Anxious and depressive symptoms have a
      different meaning in Parkinson's disease, and both must be routinely assessed in
      order to optimize quality of life.

PMID- 19996252
TI  - A comparative analysis of completed suicide using high resolution brain SPECT
      imaging.
AB  - The authors compared regional cerebral blood flow in the brains of 12 psychiatric
      patients who completed the act of suicide with groups of healthy and nonsuicidal
      depressed subjects using statistical parametric mapping. Results were consistent
      with prior imaging studies on depression and were indicative of impaired impulse
      control and limbic dysregulation, including significant perfusion deficits in the
      medial prefrontal and subgenual areas (Brodmann's areas 11, 25) and ventral
      tegmentum. These results warrant further research.

PMID- 19996251
TI  - Aggression after traumatic brain injury: prevalence and correlates.
AB  - Aggression after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but not well defined.
      Sixty-seven participants with first-time TBI were evaluated for aggression within
      3 months of injury. The prevalence of aggression was found to be 28.4%,
      predominantly verbal aggression. Post-TBI aggression was associated with new
      onset major depression (p=0.02), poorer social functioning (p=0.04), and
      increased dependency in activities of daily living (p=0.03), but not with a
      history of substance abuse or adult/childhood behavioral problems. Implications
      of the study include early screening for aggression, evaluation for depression,
      and consideration of psychosocial support in aggressive patients.

PMID- 19996253
TI  - APOE-epsilon3 and APOE-219G haplotypes increase the risk for schizophrenia in
      sibling pairs.
AB  - To investigate the role of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in schizophrenia, the
      authors analyzed 60 families with this mental disorder. An association in the
      presence of linkage test (APL) and haplotypes analysis were undertaken using the
      APL v1.1 software. A global allelic transmitted was significant for APOE-epsilon3
      (chi(2)=6.24, p=0.01); this allele is mainly carried by female patients
      (chi(2)=8.33, p=0.003), whereas APOE-219G is preferentially transmitted in males
      (p=0.02). Furthermore, our results show that haplotypes APOE-epsilon3/APOE-219G
      are associated with schizophrenia (chi(2)=11.61, p=0.01). These results provide
      evidence that the APOE gene may play a significant role in the etiology of
      schizophrenia in the Mexican population.

PMID- 19996254
TI  - Sertraline improves executive function in patients with vascular cognitive
      impairment.
AB  - The authors reviewed 35 open-label sertraline trials for executive impairment in
      ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Outcomes included clock-drawing, the Executive
      Interview (EXIT25), the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Mini-Mental State
      Examination. Clinically "meaningful" improvement was defined as a >3.0 EXIT25
      point decline from baseline. "Remission" was defined as the achievement of an
      EXIT25 score <15/50. Only EXIT25 scores improved significantly. Twenty patients
      (57.1%) experienced a clinically meaningful improvement in executive control
      function. Twelve (34.3%) achieved remission. Our findings suggest that sertraline
      may have both statistical and clinically meaningful effects on executive control
      function in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The authors discuss the
      implications for future clinical trials.

PMID- 19996255
TI  - Magnetoencephalographic characteristics of psychosis in temporal lobe epilepsy.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that some particular magnetoencephalographic findings
      characterize psychosis manifesting in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, the
      authors performed statistical analyses on the correlation between a history of
      psychosis and four magnetoencephalographic spike-dipole patterns, namely, left
      and right inferotemporal-horizontal (IH) and superotemporal-vertical (SV) types.
      Fifty-seven patients with TLE were studied, 16 of whom had a history of
      psychosis. Of the four types of spike-dipoles, only left SV type showed a strong
      correlation with psychosis, suggesting that dysfunction of the left temporal
      neocortex specifically contributes to the manifestation of psychotic symptoms in
      TLE patients.

PMID- 19996256
TI  - Subtle neurological signs predict the severity of subacute cognitive and
      functional impairments after traumatic brain injury.
AB  - The presence of paratonia and primitive reflexes ("frontal release signs"), such
      as glabellar, snout, suck, grasp, and palmomental responses, after traumatic
      brain injury predicts performance on bedside cognitive assessments, level of
      functional independence, and duration of acute inpatient rehabilitation.

PMID- 19996257
TI  - Retrospective posttraumatic amnesia in traumatic brain injury.

PMID- 19996258
TI  - Acute depression and suicidal attempt following lowering the frequency of deep
      brain stimulation.

PMID- 19996259
TI  - Face-related ictal hallucinations and illusions and reflex-type phenomena.

PMID- 19996260
TI  - Parkinson's disease: presenting a gray box model.

PMID- 19996261
TI  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphism: more than a prognostic factor
      during depression?

PMID- 19996262
TI  - Antipsychotic induced catatonia: a case of probable dementia with Lewy bodies.

PMID- 19996263
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive disorder following cavernous sinus thrombosis.

PMID- 19996264
TI  - Duloxetine in treating medically unexplained pain and Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 19996265
TI  - Baclofen withdrawal causes psychosis in otherwise unclouded consciousness.

PMID- 19996266
TI  - Psychiatric comorbidities in Dandy-Walker variant disorder.

PMID- 19996267
TI  - Delirious mania associated with bipolar disease in a Brazilian patient: response
      to ECT and olanzapine.

PMID- 19996268
TI  - Organizational role of retina horizontal cells.

PMID- 19996269
TI  - New-onset vascular mania in a patient with chronic depression.

PMID- 19996270
TI  - Basal c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase activity is essential for survival and
      proliferation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
AB  - Hyperactivation of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) has been found in
      various malignant lymphocytes and inhibition of JNK activity leads to cell cycle
      arrest and apoptosis. However, the role of JNK activity in the oncogenic growth
      of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells remains largely unknown.
      Here, we report that treatment of T-ALL cells with JNK inhibitors led to cell
      cycle arrest and apoptosis and increased sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis,
      whereas weak ectopic expression of MKK7-JNK1 fusion protein, which shows
      constitutive JNK activity, in T-ALL cells resulted in accelerated cell cycle
      progression and resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The protein levels of c-Myc
      and Bcl-2 were reduced in the presence of JNK inhibitors but were enhanced with
      MKK7-JNK1. Small interfering RNA against JNK1, but not JNK2, exhibited similar
      effects to JNK inhibitors. These findings suggest that targeting JNK, especially
      JNK1 isoform, may have some important therapeutic implications in the treatment
      of T-ALL. Further exploration revealed that JNK protein and basal JNK activity in
      T-ALL cells showed aberrant subcellular localization, but no hyperactivation of
      JNK was observed. Thus, our work suggests that there might be novel mechanism(s)
      other than hyperactivation underlying the protumorigenic role of JNK activity.

PMID- 19996271
TI  - Inhibition of Y-box binding protein-1 slows the growth of glioblastoma multiforme
      and sensitizes to temozolomide independent O6-methylguanine-DNA
      methyltransferase.
AB  - Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive type of brain tumor where <3% of
      newly diagnosed cases in the patients will survive >5 years. In adults, GBM is
      the most common type of brain tumor. It is rarer in children, where it
      constitutes approximately 15% of all brain tumors diagnosed. These tumors are
      often invasive, making surgical resection difficult. Further, they can be
      refractory to current therapies such as temozolomide. The current dogma is that
      temozolomide resistance rests on the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA
      methyltransferase (MGMT) because it cleaves methylated DNA adducts formed by the
      drug. Our laboratory recently reported that another drug resistance gene known as
      the Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is highly expressed in primary GBM but not in
      normal brain tissues based on the evaluation of primary tumors. We therefore
      questioned whether GBM depend on YB-1 for growth and/or response to temozolomide.
      Herein, we report that YB-1 inhibition reduced tumor cell invasion and growth in
      monolayer as well as in soft agar. Moreover, blocking this protein ultimately
      delayed tumor onset in mice. Importantly, inhibiting YB-1 enhanced temozolomide
      sensitivity in a manner that was independent of MGMT in models of adult and
      pediatric GBM. In conclusion, inhibiting YB-1 may be a novel way to improve the
      treatment of GBM.

PMID- 19996272
TI  - BMS-754807, a small molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1R/IR.
AB  - BMS-754807 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor
      1 receptor/insulin receptor family kinases (Ki, <2 nmol/L). It is currently in
      phase I development for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. BMS-754807
      effectively inhibits the growth of a broad range of human tumor types in vitro,
      including mesenchymal (Ewing's, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and
      liposarcoma), epithelial (breast, lung, pancreatic, colon, gastric), and
      hematopoietic (multiple myeloma and leukemia) tumor cell lines (IC50, 5-365
      nmol/L); the compound caused apoptosis in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line,
      Rh41, as shown by an accumulation of the sub-G1 fraction, as well as by an
      increase in poly ADP ribose polymerase and Caspase 3 cleavage. BMS-754807 is
      active in vivo in multiple (epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic) xenograft
      tumor models with tumor growth inhibition ranging from 53% to 115% and at a
      minimum effective dose of as low as 6.25 mg/kg dosed orally daily. Combination
      studies with BMS-754807 have been done on multiple human tumor cell types and
      showed in vitro synergies (combination index, <1.0) when combined with cytotoxic,
      hormonal, and targeted agents. The combination of cetuximab and BMS-754807 in
      vivo, at multiple dose levels, resulted in improved clinical outcome over single
      agent treatment. These data show that BMS-754807 is an efficacious, orally active
      growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor family-targeted kinase inhibitor that
      may act in combination with a wide array of established anticancer agents.

PMID- 19996273
TI  - Sulindac sulfide selectively inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human
      breast tumor cells by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition, elevation of cyclic GMP,
      and activation of protein kinase G.
AB  - Sulindac displays promising antineoplastic activity, but toxicities from
      cyclooxygenase inhibition limit its use for chemoprevention. Previous reports
      suggest that its anticancer properties may be attributed to a cyclooxygenase
      independent mechanism, although alternative targets have not been well defined.
      Here, we show that sulindac sulfide (SS) induces apoptosis and inhibits the
      growth of human breast tumor cells with IC50 values of 60 to 85 micromol/L.
      Within the same concentration range, SS inhibited cyclic GMP (cGMP) hydrolysis in
      tumor cell lysates but did not affect cyclic AMP hydrolysis. SS did not induce
      apoptosis of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) nor did it inhibit
      phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in HMEC lysates. SS increased intracellular cGMP
      levels and activated protein kinase G in breast tumor cells but not HMEC. The
      guanylyl cyclase (GC) activator, NOR-3, and cGMP PDE inhibitors, trequinsin and
      MY5445, displayed similar growth-inhibitory activity as SS, but the adenylyl
      cyclase activator, forskolin, and other PDE inhibitors had no effect. Moreover,
      GC activation increased the sensitivity of tumor cells to SS, whereas GC
      inhibition reduced sensitivity. By comparing PDE isozyme profiles in breast tumor
      cells with HMEC and determining the sensitivity of recombinant PDE isozymes to
      SS, PDE5 was found to be overexpressed in breast tumor cells and selectively
      inhibited by SS. The mechanism of SS binding to the catalytic domain of PDE5 was
      revealed by molecular modeling. These data suggest that PDE5 inhibition is
      responsible for the breast tumor cell growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing
      activity of SS and may contribute to the chemopreventive properties of sulindac.

PMID- 19996274
TI  - Natural product derivative Bis(4-fluorobenzyl)trisulfide inhibits tumor growth by
      modification of beta-tubulin at Cys 12 and suppression of microtubule dynamics.
AB  - Bis(4-fluorobenzyl)trisulfide (BFBTS) is a synthetic molecule derived from a
      bioactive natural product, dibenzyltrisulfide, found in a subtropical shrub,
      Petiveria allieacea. BFBTS has potent anticancer activities to a broad spectrum
      of tumor cell lines with IC50 values from high nanomolar to low micromolar and
      showed equal anticancer potency between tumor cell lines overexpressing multidrug
      resistant gene, MDR1 (MCF7/adr line and KBv200 line), and their parental MCF7
      line and KB lines. BFBTS inhibited microtubule polymerization dynamics in MCF7
      cells, at a low nanomolar concentration of 54 nmol/L, while disrupting
      microtubule filaments in cells at low micromolar concentration of 1 micromol/L.
      Tumor cells treated with BFBTS were arrested at G2-M phase, conceivably resulting
      from BFBTS-mediated antimicrotubule activities. Mass spectrometry studies
      revealed that BFBTS bound and modified beta-tubulin at residue Cys12, forming
      beta-tubulin-SS-fluorobenzyl. The binding site differs from known antimicrotubule
      agents, suggesting that BFBTS functions as a novel antimicrotubule agent. BFBTS
      at a dose of 25 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth with relative tumor growth rates of
      19.91%, 18.5%, and 23.42% in A549 lung cancer, Bcap-37 breast cancer, and SKOV3
      ovarian cancer xenografts, respectively. Notably, BFBTS was more potent against
      MDR1-overexpressing MCF7/adr breast cancer xenografts with a relative tumor
      growth rate of 12.3% than paclitaxel with a rate of 43.0%. BFBTS displays a novel
      antimicrotubule agent with potentials for cancer therapeutics.

PMID- 19996275
TI  - Angiotensin type 2 receptor-mediated apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells.
AB  - Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor blocking drugs have been shown to inhibit
      the growth of prostate cancer cells and delay the development of prostate cancer.
      Functional Ang II type 2 receptors (AT2R) are present in these cells and inhibit
      growth induced by epidermal growth factor. The present studies report apoptosis
      of prostate cancer cells induced by AT2R overexpression. A recombinant adenoviral
      vector expressing AT2R (Ad-G-AT2R-EGFP) was transduced into prostate cancer
      cells, including androgen-independent (DU145 and PC3) and androgen-dependent cell
      lines (LNCaP). Following AT2R transduction, apoptosis was analyzed by terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining and caspase
      3 activity assays. The results indicate that increased expression of AT2R alone
      induced apoptosis in the prostate cancer lines, an effect that did not require
      Ang II. AT2R overexpression in DU145 cells induced inhibition of proliferation, a
      significant reduction of S-phase cells, and an enrichment of G1-phase cells. The
      data also indicate that overexpression of AT2R led to apoptosis via an extrinsic
      cell death signaling pathway that is dependent on activation of p38 mitogen
      activated protein kinase, caspase-8, and caspase-3. Finally, the apoptosis
      induced by AT2R overexpression is partially dependent on the activation of p53,
      but not on p21. The observations presented here suggest that the ability of
      increased AT2R expression to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells may have
      potential therapeutic implications for this disease, and suggest that AT2R is a
      promising novel target gene for prostate cancer gene therapy.

PMID- 19996276
TI  - In vivo activation of the hypoxia-targeted cytotoxin AQ4N in human tumor
      xenografts.
AB  - AQ4N (banoxantrone) is a prodrug that, under hypoxic conditions, is enzymatically
      converted to a cytotoxic DNA-binding agent, AQ4. Incorporation of AQ4N into
      conventional chemoradiation protocols therefore targets both oxygenated and
      hypoxic regions of tumors, and potentially will increase the effectiveness of
      therapy. This current pharmacodynamic and efficacy study was designed to quantify
      tumor exposure to AQ4 following treatment with AQ4N, and to relate exposure to
      outcome of treatment. A single dose of 60 mg/kg AQ4N enhanced the response of
      RT112 (bladder) and Calu-6 (lung) xenografts to treatment with cisplatin and
      radiation therapy. AQ4N was also given to separate cohorts of tumor-bearing mice
      24 hours before tumor excision for subsequent analysis of metabolite levels. AQ4
      was detected by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in all
      treated samples of RT112 and Calu-6 tumors at mean concentrations of 0.23 and
      1.07 microg/g, respectively. These concentrations are comparable with those shown
      to be cytotoxic in vitro. AQ4-related nuclear fluorescence was observed in all
      treated tumors by confocal microscopy, which correlated with the high performance
      liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data. The presence of the hypoxic marker
      Glut-1 was shown by immunohistochemistry in both Calu-6 tumors and RT112 tumors,
      and colocalization of AQ4 fluorescence and Glut-1 staining strongly suggested
      that AQ4N was activated in these putatively hypoxic areas. This is the first
      demonstration that AQ4N will increase the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in
      preclinical models; the intratumoral levels of AQ4 found in this study are
      comparable with tumor AQ4 levels found in a recent phase I clinical study, which
      suggests that these levels could be potentially therapeutic.

PMID- 19996277
TI  - G-quadruplex ligand SYUIQ-5 induces autophagy by telomere damage and TRF2
      delocalization in cancer cells.
AB  - Agents stabilizing G-quadruplexes have the potential to destroy the functional
      structure of telomere and could therefore act as antitumor agents. We previously
      reported that SYUIQ-5 could stabilize G-quadruplex, induce senescence, and
      inhibit c-myc gene promoter activity. In this study, we showed that SYUIQ-5
      inhibited proliferation of CNE2 and HeLa cancer cells, triggered a rapid and
      potent telomere DNA damage response characterized by the formation of telomeric
      foci gamma-H2AX, and obviously induced autophagy with the features of increased
      LC3-II and a punctuated pattern of YFP-LC3 fluorescence. These phenomena may
      primarily depend on the delocalization of TRF2 from telomere, which was further
      degraded by proteasomes. Furthermore, overexpression of TRF2 inhibited SYUIQ-5
      induced gamma-H2AX expression. Also, ATM was activated following SYUIQ-5
      treatment. The pretreatment with ATM inhibitor ku55933 and ATM siRNA effectively
      reduced the production of gamma-H2AX and LC3-II. ATM knockdown partially
      antagonized the anticancer effects of SYUIQ-5. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy
      by short hairpin RNA against the autophagy-related gene ATG5 attenuated the
      cytotoxicity of SYUIQ-5. These results indicated that SYUIQ-5 triggered potent
      telomere damage through TRF2 delocalization from telomeres, and eventually
      induced autophagic cell death in cancer cells. Our findings exhibit a novel
      mechanism that is responsible for the antitumor effects of SYUIQ-5.

PMID- 19996278
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and paclitaxel
      have cooperative in vivo effects against glioblastoma multiforme cells.
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in conjunction
      with microtubule-targeting agents may be a promising novel anticancer treatment
      strategy. In vitro studies have suggested that relatively low concentrations of
      TRAIL enhance the lethality of paclitaxel (Taxol) against human cancer cells. The
      increased efficacy may be due to the triggering of caspase activation, resulting
      in mitotic checkpoint abrogation and catastrophe. We show here that wild-type p53
      protects cells from caspase-dependent death induced by this therapeutic
      combination in vitro. We have now also developed an imaging-based model system to
      test the in vivo efficacy of combined TRAIL and Taxol, in which tumor growth and
      treatment response can be monitored noninvasively and in real-time. We further
      utilize bioluminescence, F18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, and
      microscale computed tomography imaging to confirm the effects of combined
      treatment on tumors. These studies together provide the first in vivo
      confirmation that combined TRAIL plus paclitaxel results in better tumor control
      compared with either TRAIL or paclitaxel alone, and with no discernable increased
      normal tissue toxicity in the mouse. Interestingly, the in vivo antitumor
      response elicited by combined treatment was not affected by the p53 status of the
      tumor cells. These preclinical observations together suggest the therapeutic
      potential of combining TRAIL plus paclitaxel in cancer treatment, and support
      further preclinical and future clinical testing.

PMID- 19996279
TI  - Abcc2 (Mrp2), Abcc3 (Mrp3), and Abcg2 (Bcrp1) are the main determinants for rapid
      elimination of methotrexate and its toxic metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate in
      vivo.
AB  - The multidrug transporters ABCC2, ABCC3, and ABCG2 can eliminate potentially
      toxic compounds from the body and have overlapping substrate specificities. To
      investigate the overlapping functions of Abcc2, Abcc3, and Abcg2 in vivo, we
      generated and characterized Abcc3;Abcg2-/- and Abcc2;Abcc3;Abcg2-/- mice. We
      subsequently analyzed the relative impact of these transport proteins on the
      pharmacokinetics of the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) and its main, toxic,
      metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7OH-MTX) after i.v. administration of MTX (50
      mg/kg). Whereas in single and double knockout mice, the plasma and liver
      concentrations of MTX and 7OH-MTX decreased rapidly after MTX administration, in
      the Abcc2;Abcc3;Abcg2-/- mice, they remained very high. One hour after
      administration, 67% of the MTX dose was still present in livers of
      Abcc2;Abcc3;Abcg2-/- mice as MTX or 7OH-MTX versus 7% in wild-type, showing
      dramatic liver accumulation of these toxic compounds when Abcc2, Abcc3, and Abcg2
      were all absent. Furthermore, the urinary and fecal excretion of the nephrotoxic
      metabolite 7OH-MTX were increased 27- and 7-fold, respectively, in
      Abcc2;Abcc3;Abcg2-/- mice. Thus, Abcc2, Abcc3, and Abcg2 together mediate the
      rapid elimination of MTX and 7OH-MTX after i.v. administration and can to a large
      extent compensate for each other's absence. This may explain why it is still
      comparatively safe to use a toxic drug such as MTX in the clinic, as the risk of
      highly increased toxicity due to dysfunctioning of ABCC2, ABCC3, or ABCG2 alone
      is limited. Nevertheless, cotreatment with possible inhibitors of ABCC2, ABCC3,
      and ABCG2 should be done with utmost caution when treating patients with
      methotrexate.

PMID- 19996280
TI  - Antimitotic effect of the retinoid 4-oxo-fenretinide through inhibition of
      tubulin polymerization: a novel mechanism of retinoid growth-inhibitory activity.
AB  - The retinoid 4-oxo-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-oxo-4-HPR), a metabolite of
      fenretinide (4-HPR) present in plasma of 4-HPR-treated patients, is very
      effective in inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis in several cancer cell
      lines. 4-Oxo-4-HPR and 4-HPR have different mechanisms of action because 4-oxo-4
      HPR, unlike 4-HPR, causes marked cell accumulation in G2-M phase. Here, we
      investigated the molecular events involving 4-oxo-4-HPR-induced cell cycle
      perturbation in ovarian (A2780 and IGROV-1) and breast (T47D, estrogen receptor+
      and BT-20, estrogen receptor-) cancer cells. 4-Oxo-4-HPR induced a delay of
      mitosis (with mitotic index increasing 5- to 6-fold in all cell lines) without
      progression beyond the anaphase, as shown by cyclin B1 expression. 4-Oxo-4-HPR
      induced multipolar spindle formation and phosphorylation of BUBR1, resulting in
      activation of the spindle checkpoint. Multipolar spindles were not due to
      impairment of pole-focusing process, loss of centrosome integrity, or modulation
      of the expression levels of molecules associated with spindle aberrations (Kif
      1C, Kif 2A, Eg5, Tara, tankyrase-1, centractin, and TOGp). We show here that 4
      oxo-4-HPR targets microtubules because, in treated cells, it interfered with the
      reassembly of cold-depolymerized spindle microtubules and decreased the
      polymerized tubulin fraction. In cell-free assays, 4-oxo-4-HPR inhibited tubulin
      polymerization (50% inhibition of microtubule assembly at 5.9 micromol/L),
      suggesting a direct molecular interaction with tubulin. In conclusion, by showing
      that 4-oxo-4-HPR causes mitotic arrest through antimicrotubule activities, we
      delineate a new molecular mechanism for a retinoid.

PMID- 19996282
TI  - Antigen presentation by dendritic cells in tumors is disrupted by altered
      metabolism that involves pyruvate kinase M2 and its interaction with SOCS3.
AB  - Dendritic cell (DC) function is negatively affected by tumors and tumor-derived
      factors, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that
      intracellular SOCS3 in DCs binds to pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2-PK), which plays
      a critical role in ATP production through glycolysis. The interaction of SOCS3
      with M2-PK reduced ATP production and impaired DC-based immunotherapy against
      tumors. Thus, SOCS3, which has been shown to be upregulated by tumor-derived
      factors, interacts with M2-PK to decrease ATP production, causing DC dysfunction.
      These dysfunctional DCs have a reduced ability to present antigens. Alteration of
      DC metabolism mediated by SOCS3 represents a novel mechanism for DC dysfunction
      in the tumor microenvironment.

PMID- 19996281
TI  - The aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions as a tumor suppressor of liver
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor
      that mediates the biological and toxic effects of its xenobiotic ligands.
      Previous cell culture studies have shown that, in addition to controlling the
      xenobiotic detoxification response, AHR activation leads to G0-G1 arrest,
      diminished capacity for DNA replication, and inhibition of cell proliferation. In
      fact, recent work from our own and from other laboratories suggests that AHR may
      function as a tumor suppressor gene that becomes silenced during the process of
      tumor formation. To test this hypothesis and determine whether the mouse Ahr gene
      acts as a tumor suppressor gene in vivo, we have examined the role of Ahr
      ablation in liver tumorigenesis induced by the genotoxic chemical
      diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a hepatic carcinogen that is not an AHR ligand. In mice
      given a single i.p. injection of DEN, AHR antagonized liver tumor formation and
      growth by regulating cell proliferation, inflammatory cytokine expression, and
      DNA damage, parameters which were significantly elevated in the livers of control
      and, more so, of DEN-exposed Ahr-/- mice. Ahr-/- hepatocytes also showed
      significantly higher numbers of 4N cells, increased expression of proliferative
      markers, and repression of tumor suppressor genes. These data support the concept
      that in its basal state in the absence of a xenobiotic ligand, the Ahr gene
      functions as a tumor suppressor gene, and that its silencing may be associated
      with cancer progression.

PMID- 19996283
TI  - A proteomic approach for the identification of vascular markers of liver
      metastasis.
AB  - Vascular proteins expressed at liver metastasis sites could serve as prognostic
      markers or as targets for pharmacodelivery applications. We employed a proteomic
      approach to define such proteins in three syngeneic mouse models of liver
      metastasis. Vascular structures were biotinylated in vivo by a terminal perfusion
      technique, followed by mass spectrometric analysis of accessible biotinylated
      proteins. In this manner, we identified 12 proteins for which expression was
      selectively associated with liver metastasis, confirming this association by
      tissue immunofluorescence or in vivo localization with radiolabeled antibodies.
      In summary, our findings identify vascular proteins that may have prognostic or
      drug-targeting use in addressing liver metastases, a common issue in many
      advanced cancers.

PMID- 19996284
TI  - A gold(III) porphyrin complex with antitumor properties targets the Wnt/beta
      catenin pathway.
AB  - Gold(III) complexes have shown promise as antitumor agents, but their clinical
      usefulness has been limited by their poor stability under physiological
      conditions. A novel gold(III) porphyrin complex [5-hydroxyphenyl-10,15,20
      triphenylporphyrinato gold(III) chloride (gold-2a)] with improved aqueous
      stability showed 100-fold to 3,000-fold higher cytotoxicity than platinum-based
      cisplatin and IC50 values in the nanomolar range in a panel of human breast
      cancer cell lines. Intraductal injections of gold-2a significantly suppressed
      mammary tumor growth in nude mice. These effects are attributed, in part, to
      attenuation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through inhibition of class I histone
      deacetylase (HDAC) activity. These data, in combination with computer modeling,
      suggest that gold-2a may represent a promising class of anticancer HDAC inhibitor
      preferentially targeting tumor cells with aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.

PMID- 19996285
TI  - Chemosensitivity profiles identify polymorphisms in the p53 network genes 14-3
      3tau and CD44 that affect sarcoma incidence and survival.
AB  - The p53 regulatory network responds to cellular stresses by initiating processes
      such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These responses inhibit cellular
      transformation and mediate the response to many forms of cancer therapies.
      Functional variants in the genes comprising this network could help identify
      individuals at greater risk for cancer and patients with poorer responses to
      therapies, but few such variants have been identified as yet. We use the NCI60
      human tumor cell line anticancer drug screen in a scan of single nucleotide
      polymorphisms (SNP) in 142 p53 stress response genes and identify 7 SNPs that
      exhibit allelic differences in cellular responses to a large panel of cytotoxic
      chemotherapeutic agents. The greatest differences are observed for SNPs in 14-3
      3tau (YWHAQ; rs6734469, P=5.6x10(-47)) and CD44 (rs187115, P=8.1x10(-24)). In
      soft-tissue sarcoma patients, we find that the alleles of these SNPs that
      associate with weaker growth responses to chemotherapeutics associate with poorer
      overall survival (up to 2.89 relative risk, P=0.011) and an earlier age of
      diagnosis (up to 10.7 years earlier, P=0.002). Our findings define genetic
      markers in 14-3-3tau and CD44 that might improve the treatment and prognosis of
      soft-tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 19996286
TI  - ZBRK1 acts as a metastatic suppressor by directly regulating MMP9 in cervical
      cancer.
AB  - The BRCA1-interacted transcriptional repressor ZBRK1 has been associated with
      antiangiogenesis, but direct evidence of a tumor suppressor role has been
      lacking. In this study, we provide evidence of such a role in cervical carcinoma.
      ZBRK1 levels in cervical tumor cells were significantly lower than in normal
      cervical epithelial cells. In HeLa cervical cancer cells, enforced expression
      inhibited malignant growth, invasion, and metastasis in a variety of in vitro and
      in vivo assays. Expression of the metalloproteinase MMP9, which is known to be an
      important driver of invasion and metastasis, was found to be inversely correlated
      with ZBRK1 in tumor tissues and a target for repression in tumor cells. Our
      findings suggest that ZBRK1 acts to inhibit metastasis of cervical carcinoma,
      perhaps by modulating MMP9 expression.

PMID- 19996287
TI  - Immune stimulatory receptor CD40 is required for T-cell suppression and T
      regulatory cell activation mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells in
      cancer.
AB  - Immune tolerance to tumors is often associated with accumulation of myeloid
      derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and an increase in the number of T-regulatory
      cells (Treg). In tumor-bearing mice, MDSCs can themselves facilitate the
      generation of tumor-specific Tregs. In this study, we demonstrate that expression
      of the immune stimulatory receptor CD40 on MDSCs is required to induce T-cell
      tolerance and Treg accumulation. In an immune reconstitution model, adoptive
      transfer of Gr-1+CD115+ monocytic MDSCs derived from CD40-deficient mice failed
      to recapitulate the ability of wild-type MDSCs to induce tolerance and Treg
      development in vivo. Agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies phenocopied the effect of
      CD40 deficiency and also improved the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12 and 4-1BB
      immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced tumors. Our findings suggest that CD40
      is essential not only for MDSC-mediated immune suppression but also for tumor
      specific Treg expansion. Blockade of CD40-CD40L interaction between MDSC and Treg
      may provide a new strategy to ablate tumoral immune suppression and thereby
      heighten responses to immunotherapy.

PMID- 19996288
TI  - MicroRNA-145 suppresses cell invasion and metastasis by directly targeting mucin
      1.
AB  - MicroRNAs are important gene regulators that could play a profound role in
      tumorigenesis. Our previous studies indicate that miR-145 is a tumor suppressor
      capable of inhibiting tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. In this study,
      we show that miR-145 exerts its function in a cell-specific manner. Although miR
      145 inhibits cell growth in MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, it has no significant effect
      on cell growth in metastatic breast cancer cell lines. However, miR-145
      significantly suppresses cell invasion in these cells; in contrast, the antisense
      oligo against miR-145 increases cell invasion. miR-145 is also able to suppress
      lung metastasis in an experimental metastasis animal model. This miR-145-mediated
      suppression of cell invasion is in part due to the silencing of the metastasis
      gene mucin 1 (MUC1). Using luciferase reporters carrying the 3'-untranslated
      region of MUC1 combined with Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, we
      identify MUC1 as a direct target of miR-145. Moreover, ectopic expression of MUC1
      enhances cell invasion, which can be blocked by miR-145. Of interest, suppression
      of MUC1 by miR-145 causes a reduction of beta-catenin as well as the oncogenic
      cadherin 11. Finally, suppression of MUC1 by RNAi mimics the miR-145 action in
      suppression of invasion, which is associated with downregulation of beta-catenin
      and cadherin 11. Taken together, these results suggest that as a tumor
      suppressor, miR-145 inhibits not only tumor growth but also cell invasion and
      metastasis.

PMID- 19996289
TI  - Gene networks and microRNAs implicated in aggressive prostate cancer.
AB  - Prostate cancer, a complex disease, can be relatively harmless or extremely
      aggressive. To identify candidate genes involved in causal pathways of aggressive
      prostate cancer, we implemented a systems biology approach by combining
      differential expression analysis and coexpression network analysis to evaluate
      transcriptional profiles using lymphoblastoid cell lines from 62 prostate cancer
      patients with aggressive phenotype (Gleason grade >or= 8) and 63 prostate cancer
      patients with nonaggressive phenotype (Gleason grade <or= 5). From 13,935 mRNA
      genes and 273 microRNAs (miRNA) tested, we identified significant differences in
      1,100 mRNAs and 7 miRNAs with a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.01. We also
      identified a coexpression module demonstrating significant association with the
      aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer (P = 3.67 x 10(-11)). The module of
      interest was characterized by overrepresentation of cell cycle-related genes (FDR
      = 3.50 x 10(-50)). From this module, we further defined 20 hub genes that were
      highly connected to other genes. Interestingly, 5 of the 7 differentially
      expressed miRNAs have been implicated in cell cycle regulation and 2 (miR-145 and
      miR-331-3p) are predicted to target 3 of the 20 hub genes. Ectopic expression of
      these two miRNAs reduced expression of target hub genes and subsequently resulted
      in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. These results suggest that cell cycle is
      likely to be a molecular pathway causing aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer.
      Further characterization of cell cycle-related genes (particularly, the hub
      genes) and miRNAs that regulate these hub genes could facilitate identification
      of candidate genes responsible for the aggressive phenotype and lead to a better
      understanding of prostate cancer etiology and progression.

PMID- 19996290
TI  - Reprogramming T lymphocytes for melanoma adoptive immunotherapy by T-cell
      receptor gene transfer with lentiviral vectors.
AB  - T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer for cancer immunotherapy is limited by the
      availability of large numbers of tumor-specific T cells. TCR alpha and beta
      chains were isolated from a highly lytic HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte
      (CTL) clone recognizing the melanoma-associated Melan-A/MART-1 antigen and
      inserted into a lentiviral vector carrying a bidirectional promoter capable of
      robust and coordinated expression of the two transgenes. Lentiviral vector-based
      gene delivery systems have shown increased transfer efficiency and transgene
      expression compared with the widely used gamma-retroviral vectors. This vector
      performed more efficiently than a gamma-retrovirus-based vector containing the
      same expression cassette, resulting in a T-cell population with 60% to 80% of
      transgenic TCR expression with mainly CD8(+) intermediate effector phenotype.
      Transgenic T cells specifically produced cytokine in response to and killed
      antigen-expressing melanoma cells, retained an overlapping functional avidity in
      comparison with the TCR donor CTL clone, and exerted significant therapeutic
      effects in vivo upon adoptive transfer in melanoma-bearing severe combined
      immunodeficient mice. Optical imaging showed their accumulation in the tumor
      site. Overall, our results indicate that lentiviral vectors represent a valid
      tool for stable and high-intensity expression of transgenic TCR and support
      clinical exploitation of this approach for therapeutic application.

PMID- 19996291
TI  - Differential destruction of stem cells: implications for targeted cancer stem
      cell therapy.
AB  - Cancer stem cells represent a novel therapeutic target. The major challenge in
      targeting leukemic stem cells (LSC) is finding therapies that largely spare
      normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) while eradicating quiescent LSCs. We
      present a mathematical model to predict how selective a therapy must be to ensure
      that enough HSCs survive when LSCs have been eradicated. Stem cell population
      size is modeled as a birth-death process. This permits comparison of LSC and HSC
      eradication times under therapy and calculation of the number of HSCs at the time
      of LSC eradication for varied initial population sizes and stem cell death rates.
      We further investigate the effects of LSC quiescence and resistance mutations on
      our predictions. From a clinical point of view, our models suggest criteria by
      which cancer stem cell therapy safety can be assessed. We anticipate that in
      conjunction with experimental observation of cancer stem cell killing rates, our
      results will be useful in screening targeted therapies for both hematologic and
      solid tumor malignancies.

PMID- 19996292
TI  - Autocrine bone morphogenetic protein-9 signals through activin receptor-like
      kinase-2/Smad1/Smad4 to promote ovarian cancer cell proliferation.
AB  - Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act as central regulators of ovarian
      physiology and may be involved in ovarian cancer development. In an effort to
      understand these processes, we characterized transforming growth factor beta/BMP
      receptor and Smad expression in immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells and
      a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. These studies prompted us to evaluate the
      potential role of BMP9 signaling in ovarian cancer. Using small interfering RNA,
      ligand trap, inhibitor, and ligand stimulation approaches, we show that BMP9 acts
      as a proliferative factor for immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells and
      ovarian cancer cell lines, signaling predominantly through an ALK2/Smad1/Smad4
      pathway rather than through ALK1, the major BMP9 receptor in endothelial cells.
      Importantly, we find that some ovarian cancer cell lines have gained autocrine
      BMP9 signaling that is required for proliferation. Furthermore,
      immunohistochemistry analysis of an ovarian cancer tissue microarray reveals that
      approximately 25% of epithelial ovarian cancers express BMP9, whereas normal
      human ovarian surface epithelial specimens do not. Our data indicate that BMP9
      signaling through ALK2 may be a novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 19996293
TI  - Mutant metabolic enzymes are at the origin of gliomas.
AB  - Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) metabolic enzymes IDH1 and IDH2
      have been found to be frequent and early genetic alterations in astrocytomas and
      oligodendrogliomas. All mutations identified to date affect a single amino acid
      located within the isocitrate binding site (R132 of IDH1 and the analogous R172
      residue of IDH2). IDH1 and IDH2 mutations define a specific subtype of gliomas
      and may have significant utility for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of
      patients with these tumors.

PMID- 19996294
TI  - Adult-type granulosa cell tumors and FOXL2 mutation.
AB  - Little is known about the pathogenesis of ovarian granulosa cell tumors.
      Recently, we reported the identification of a somatic FOXL2 402C-->G mutation
      that is present in virtually all adult-type granulosa cell tumors, but not in a
      wide range of other tumor types. This finding has important implications for the
      diagnosis and classification of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, provides insight
      into the pathogenesis of adult-type granulosa cell tumors, and opens
      possibilities for the development of targeted therapies.

PMID- 19996295
TI  - Impaired skin and mammary gland development and increased gamma-irradiation
      induced tumorigenesis in mice carrying a mutation of S1152-ATM phosphorylation
      site in Brca1.
AB  - The tumor suppressor BRCA1 interacts with many proteins and undergoes multiple
      modifications on DNA damage. ATM, a key molecule of the DNA damage response,
      phosphorylates S1189 of BRCA1 after gamma-irradiation. S1189 of BRCA1 is known as
      a unique ATM phosphorylation site in BRCA1 exon 11. To study the functions of ATM
      dependent phosphorylation of BRCA1-S1189, we generated a mouse model carrying a
      mutation of S1152A (S1152 in mouse Brca1 corresponds to S1189 in human BRCA1) by
      gene targeting. Brca1(S1152A/S1152A) mice were born at the expected ratio, unlike
      that seen in previous studies of Brca1-null mice. However, 36% of
      Brca1(S1152A/S1152A) mice exhibited aging-like phenotypes including growth
      retardation, skin abnormalities, and delay of the mammary gland morphogenesis,
      with an increase in apoptosis. Mutant mice were hypersensitive to high doses of
      gamma-irradiation, displaying shortened life span and reduction in intestinal
      villus size, associated with increased apoptosis. Aging-unaffected 18-month-old
      Brca1(S1152A/S1152A) female mice also showed mammary gland abnormalities with
      increased levels of cyclin D1 and phospho-ER-alpha, such as Brca1-Delta11
      mutation. On low-dose gamma-irradiation, they suffered a marked increase in tumor
      formation with an abnormal coat pattern. Furthermore, Brca1(S1152A/S1152A)
      embryonic fibroblasts failed to accumulate p53 on gamma-irradiation with delayed
      phosphorylation of p53-S23. These observations indicate that ATM-mediated
      phosphorylation of S1189 is required for BRCA1 functions in the modulation of DNA
      damage response and in the suppression of tumor formation by regulating p53 and
      apoptosis.

PMID- 19996297
TI  - Antidepressants increase beta-arrestin 2 ubiquitinylation and degradation by the
      proteasomal pathway in C6 rat glioma cells.
AB  - beta-Arrestins, regulators of G protein-coupled receptor-G protein coupling and
      receptor desensitization and internalization, function also as scaffolding
      proteins mediating cellular signaling events. beta-Arrestin1 was previously
      implicated by us in the pathophysiology of depression and in the mechanism of
      action of antidepressants (ADs). The ubiquitously expressed beta-arrestins1 and 2
      are structurally highly homologous. There has been extensive investigation of
      these two proteins to determine whether they serve different roles in receptor
      signaling. In this study, we show that treatment of C(6) rat glioma cells with
      ADs of various types for 3 days resulted in decreased beta-arrestin2 levels. In
      contrast, beta-arrestin2 mRNA expression was found to be up-regulated by ADs. To
      unravel the mechanism for these opposite effects several possible beta-arrestin2
      post-transcriptional events and modifications were examined. C(6) rat glioma
      cells transfected with beta-arrestin1-targeted short hairpin RNA showed similar
      effects of ADs on beta-arrestin2 levels. AD-induced decreases in beta-arrestin2
      protein levels were not due to cytosolic membrane translocation.
      Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that ADs were able to increase
      coimmunoprecipitation of ubiquitin with beta-arrestin2. AD-induced increases in
      beta-arrestin2 ubiquitinylation led to its degradation by the proteasomal
      pathway, as the proteasome inhibitor N-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-l-leucyl-N-[(1S)
      1-formyl-3-methylbutyl]-l-leucinamide (MG-132) prevented antidepressant-induced
      decreases in beta-arrestin2 protein levels.

PMID- 19996296
TI  - Attenuation of cocaine's reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects via
      muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor stimulation.
AB  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors modulate dopaminergic function in brain pathways
      thought to mediate cocaine's abuse-related effects. Here, we sought to confirm
      and extend in the mouse species findings that nonselective muscarinic receptor
      antagonists can enhance cocaine's discriminative stimulus. More importantly, we
      tested the hypothesis that muscarinic receptor agonists with varied receptor
      subtype selectivity can blunt cocaine's discriminative stimulus and reinforcing
      effects; we hypothesized a critical role for the M(1) and/or M(4) receptor
      subtypes in this modulation. Mice were trained to discriminate cocaine from
      saline, or to self-administer intravenous cocaine chronically. The nonselective
      muscarinic antagonists scopolamine and methylscopolamine, the nonselective
      muscarinic agonists oxotremorine and pilocarpine, the M(1)/M(4)-preferring
      agonist xanomeline, the putative M(1)-selective agonist (4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)-1
      trimethylammonium-3-chlorocarbanilate chloride (McN-A-343), and the novel M(1)
      selective agonist 1-(1-2-methylbenzyl)-1,4-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1H benzo[d]imidazol
      2(3H)-one (TBPB) were tested as substitution and/or pretreatment to cocaine. Both
      muscarinic antagonists partially substituted for cocaine and enhanced its
      discriminative stimulus. Conversely, muscarinic agonists blunted cocaine
      discrimination and abolished cocaine self-administration with varying effects on
      food-maintained behavior. Specifically, increasing selectivity for the M(1)
      subtype (oxotremorine < xanomeline < TBPB) conferred lesser nonspecific rate
      suppressing effects, with no rate suppression for TBPB. In mutant mice lacking
      M(1) and M(4) receptors, xanomeline failed to diminish cocaine discrimination
      while rate-decreasing effects were intact. Our data suggest that central M(1)
      receptor activation attenuates cocaine's abuse-related effects, whereas non
      M(1)/M(4) receptors probably contribute to undesirable effects of muscarinic
      stimulation. These data provide the first demonstration of anticocaine effects of
      systemically applied, M(1) receptor agonists and suggest the possibility of a new
      approach to pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction.

PMID- 19996298
TI  - Chronic treatment with escitalopram but not R-citalopram translocates Galpha(s)
      from lipid raft domains and potentiates adenylyl cyclase: a 5-hydroxytryptamine
      transporter-independent action of this antidepressant compound.
AB  - Chronic antidepressant treatment has been shown to increase adenylyl cyclase
      activity, in part, due to translocation of Galpha(s) from lipid rafts to a
      nonraft fraction of the plasma membrane where they engage in a more facile
      stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. This effect holds for multiple classes of
      antidepressants, and for serotonin uptake inhibitors, it occurs in the absence of
      the serotonin transporter. In the present study, we examined the change in the
      amount of Galpha(s) in lipid raft and whole cell lysate after exposing C6 cells
      to escitalopram. The results showed that chronic (but not acute) escitalopram
      decreased the content of Galpha(s) in lipid rafts, whereas there was no change in
      overall Galpha(s) content. These effects were drug dose- and exposure time
      dependent. Although R-citalopram has been reported to antagonize some effects of
      escitalopram, this compound was without effect on Galpha(s) localization in lipid
      rafts, and R-citalopram did not inhibit these actions of escitalopram.
      Escitalopram treatment increased cAMP accumulation, and this seemed due to
      increased coupling between Galpha(s) and adenylyl cyclase. Thus, escitalopram is
      potent, rapid and efficacious in translocating Galpha(s) from lipid rafts, and
      this effect seems to occur independently of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporters. Our
      results suggest that, although antidepressants display distinct affinities for
      well identified targets (e.g., monoamine transporters), several presynaptic and
      postsynaptic molecules are probably modified during chronic antidepressant
      treatment, and these additional targets may be required for clinical efficacy of
      these drugs.

PMID- 19996299
TI  - Pharmacological blockade of the DP2 receptor inhibits cigarette smoke-induced
      inflammation, mucus cell metaplasia, and epithelial hyperplasia in the mouse
      lung.
AB  - Prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) is one of a family of biologically active lipids
      derived from arachidonic acid via the action of COX-1 and COX-2. PGD(2) is
      released from mast cells and binds primarily to two G protein-coupled receptors,
      namely DP1 and DP2, the latter also known as chemoattractant receptor-homologous
      molecule expressed on Th2 cells. DP2 is predominantly expressed on eosinophils,
      Th2 cells, and basophils, but it is also expressed to a lesser extent on
      monocytes, mast cells, and epithelial cells. Interaction of PGD(2) and its active
      metabolites with DP2 results in cellular chemotaxis, degranulation, up-regulation
      of adhesion molecules, and cytokine production. Chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease characterized by
      elevated lung neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8+ T lymphocytes and mucus
      hypersecretion. Cigarette smoke contributes to the etiology of COPD and was used
      here as a provoking agent in a murine model of COPD. In an acute model, {2'
      [(cyclopropanecarbonyl-ethyl-amino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-4'-trifluoro-methyl
      biphenyl-3-yl}-acetic acid, sodium salt (AM156) and (5-{2-[(benzoyloxycarbonyl
      ethyl-amino)-methyl]-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}-pyridin-3-yl)-acetic acid, sodium
      salt) (AM206), potent DP2 receptor antagonists, dose-dependently inhibited influx
      of neutrophils and lymphocytes to smoke-exposed airways. In a subchronic model,
      AM156 and AM206 inhibited neutrophil and lymphocyte trafficking to the airways.
      Furthermore, AM156 and AM206 treatment inhibited mucus cell metaplasia and
      prevented the thickening of the airway epithelial layer induced by cigarette
      smoke. These data suggest that DP2 receptor antagonism may represent a novel
      therapy for COPD or other conditions characterized by neutrophil influx, mucus
      hypersecretion, and airway remodeling.

PMID- 19996300
TI  - Significance of chymase-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation on
      indomethacin-induced small intestinal damages in rats.
AB  - The side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include
      gastrointestinal damage not only in the stomach but also in the small intestine.
      Chymase converts promatrix metalloproteinase-9 to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)
      9, which plays an important role in NSAID-induced gastric damage, but it has been
      unclear whether chymase-dependent MMP-9 activation is involved in the NSAID
      induced small intestinal damage. To clarify the involvement of chymase-dependent
      MMP-9 activation on NSAID-induced small intestinal damage, the effect of a
      chymase inhibitor, 2-[4-(5-fluoro-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)sulfonamido-3
      methanesulfonylphenyl] thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (TY-51469), on indomethacin
      induced small intestinal damage in rats was evaluated. Until 6 h after oral
      administration of indomethacin in rats, intestinal MMP-9 activity was unchanged
      compared with normal rats, but significant increases in MMP-9 activity were
      observed 12 and 24 h after indomethacin administration. Significant increases in
      the small intestinal damage score were also observed 12 and 24 h after
      indomethacin administration. In the extract from the small intestine 24 h after
      indomethacin administration, the MMP-9 activation was significantly attenuated by
      TY-51469. Intraperitoneal injection of TY-51469 (10 mg/kg) 3 h before
      indomethacin administration significantly attenuated the MMP-9 activity in the
      small intestine compared with placebo treatment. Myeloperoxidase activity, which
      indicates accumulation of neutrophils, was significantly increased in the small
      intestine in the placebo-treated rats, but its activity was significantly
      attenuated by TY-51469 treatment. The area of small intestinal damage was also
      significantly ameliorated by TY-51469 treatment. These findings suggest that
      chymase-dependent MMP-9 activation has a significant role in indomethacin-induced
      small intestinal damage in rats.

PMID- 19996301
TI  - Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4-independent synthesis of coagulation factor VII in
      breast cancer cells and its inhibition by targeting selective histone
      acetyltransferases.
AB  - Tissue factor/coagulation factor VII (fVII) complex formation on the surface of
      cancer cells plays important roles in cancer biology, such as cell migration and
      invasion, angiogenesis, and antiapoptotic effects. We recently found that various
      cancer cells ectopically synthesize fVII, resulting in activation of cell
      motility and invasion. Here, we characterized mechanisms of hepatic and ectopic
      fVII (FVII) gene expression to identify molecular targets enabling selective
      inhibition of the ectopic expression. Unlike hepatic expression, hepatocyte
      nuclear factor-4 binding to the promoter is not required for ectopic FVII
      expression, although Sp1 binding is essential. Furthermore, we found novel
      nuclear targets of basal hepatocytic and ectopic FVII expression. Notably,
      histone acetyltransferases p300 and cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein
      binding protein (CBP) are exclusively recruited to the promoter region of the
      FVII gene specifically in breast cancer cells. We further show that curcumin, a
      dietary compound, can selectively inhibit ectopic fVII expression by targeting
      p300/CBP activity. These results suggest a strategy to inhibit ectopic fVII
      induced tumor progression without impairment of the physiologic hemostatic
      process.

PMID- 19996302
TI  - Tamoxifen inhibits TRPV6 activity via estrogen receptor-independent pathways in
      TRPV6-expressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
AB  - The epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 is upregulated in breast carcinoma compared
      with normal mammary gland tissue. The selective estrogen receptor modulator
      tamoxifen is widely used in breast cancer therapy. Previously, we showed that
      tamoxifen inhibits calcium uptake in TRPV6-transfected Xenopus oocytes. In this
      study, we examined the effect of tamoxifen on TRPV6 function and intracellular
      calcium homeostasis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells transiently transfected with
      EYFP-C1-TRPV6. TRPV6 activity was measured with fluorescence microscopy using
      Fura-2. The basal calcium level was higher in transfected cells compared with
      nontransfected cells in calcium-containing solution but not in nominally calcium
      free buffer. Basal influxes of calcium and barium were also increased. In
      transfected cells, 10 mumol/L tamoxifen reduced the basal intracellular calcium
      concentration to the basal calcium level of nontransfected cells. Tamoxifen
      decreased the transport rates of calcium and barium in transfected cells by 50%.
      This inhibitory effect was not blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI
      182,720. Similarly, a tamoxifen-induced inhibitory effect was also observed in
      MDA-MB-231 estrogen receptor-negative cells. The effect of tamoxifen was
      completely blocked by activation of protein kinase C. Inhibiting protein kinase C
      with calphostin C decreased TRPV6 activity but did not alter the effect of
      tamoxifen. These findings illustrate how tamoxifen might be effective in estrogen
      receptor-negative breast carcinomas and suggest that the therapeutic effect of
      tamoxifen and protein kinase C inhibitors used in breast cancer therapy might
      involve TRPV6-mediated calcium entry. This study highlights a possible role of
      TRPV6 as therapeutic target in breast cancer therapy.

PMID- 19996304
TI  - Inhibition of expression of the chromatin remodeling gene, SNF2L, selectively
      leads to DNA damage, growth inhibition, and cancer cell death.
AB  - SNF2L, a chromatin remodeling gene expressed in diverse tissues, cancers, and
      derived cell lines, contributes to the chromatin remodeling complex that
      facilitates transcription. Because of this wide expression, it has not been
      exploited as a cancer therapeutic target. However, based on our present studies,
      we find that cancer cells, although expressing SNF2L at similar levels as their
      normal counterparts, are sensitive to its knockdown. This is not observed when
      its imitation SWI ortholog, SNF2H, is inhibited. SNF2L siRNA inhibition using two
      different siRNAs separately reduced SNF2L transcript levels and protein in both
      normal and cancer lines, but only the cancer lines showed significant growth
      inhibition, DNA damage, a DNA damage response, and phosphorylation of checkpoint
      proteins and marked apoptosis. DNA damage and the damage response preceded
      apoptosis rather than being consequences of it. The damage response consisted of
      increased phosphorylation of multiple substrates including ATR, BRCA1, CHK1,
      CHK2, and H2AX. Both the total and phosphorylated levels of p53 increased. The
      downstream targets of p53, p21, GADD45A, and 14-3-3sigma, were also upregulated.
      The alterations in checkpoint proteins included increased phosphorylated cdc2 but
      not Rb, which resulted in a modest G(2)-M arrest. Although apoptosis may be
      mediated by Apaf-1/caspase 9, other caspases could be involved. Other members of
      the chromatin remodeling or SWI/SNF gene families exhibited overall reduced
      levels of expression in the cancer lines compared with the normal lines. This
      raised the hypothesis that cancers are sensitive to SNF2L knockdown because,
      unlike their normal counterparts, they lack sufficient compensation from other
      family members.

PMID- 19996303
TI  - A novel inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta enhances the ability of temozolomide to
      impair the growth of colon cancer cells.
AB  - The recent emerging concept to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-alkylating drugs is
      by inhibiting various proteins in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. In the
      present study, we used structure-based molecular docking of DNA polymerase beta
      (Pol-beta) and identified a potent small molecular weight inhibitor, NSC-666715.
      We determined the specificity of this small molecular weight inhibitor for Pol
      beta by using in vitro activities of APE1, Fen1, DNA ligase I, and Pol-beta
      directed single-nucleotide and long-patch BER. The binding specificity of NSC
      666715 with Pol-beta was also determined by using fluorescence anisotropy. The
      effect of NSC-666715 on the cytotoxicity of the DNA-alkylating drug temozolomide
      (TMZ) to colon cancer cells was determined by in vitro clonogenic and in vivo
      xenograft assays. The reduction in tumor growth was higher in the combination
      treatment relative to untreated or monotherapy treatment. NSC-666715 showed a
      high specificity for blocking Pol-beta activity. It blocked Pol-beta-directed
      single-nucleotide and long-patch BER without affecting the activity of APE1,
      Fen1, and DNA ligase I. Fluorescence anisotropy data suggested that NSC-666715
      directly and specifically interacts with Pol-beta and interferes with binding to
      damaged DNA. NSC-666715 drastically induces the sensitivity of TMZ to colon
      cancer cells both in in vitro and in vivo assays. The results further suggest
      that the disruption of BER by NSC-666715 negates its contribution to drug
      resistance and bypasses other resistance factors, such as mismatch repair
      defects. Our findings provide the "proof-of-concept" for the development of
      highly specific and thus safer structure-based inhibitors for the prevention of
      tumor progression and/or treatment of colorectal cancer.

PMID- 19996305
TI  - Gallic acid suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor-kappaB signaling
      by preventing RelA acetylation in A549 lung cancer cells.
AB  - Although multiple studies have revealed that gallic acid plays an important role
      in the inhibition of malignant transformation, cancer development, and
      inflammation, the molecular mechanism of gallic acid in inflammatory diseases is
      still unclear. In this study, we identified gallic acid from Rosa rugosa as a
      histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor with global specificity for the
      majority of HAT enzymes, but with no activity toward epigenetic enzymes including
      sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue) 1 (S.
      cerevisiae), histone deacetylase, and histone methyltransferase. Enzyme kinetic
      studies indicated that gallic acid uncompetitively inhibits p300/CBP-dependent
      HAT activities. We found that gallic acid inhibits p300-induced p65 acetylation,
      both in vitro and in vivo, increases the level of cytosolic IkappaBalpha,
      prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced p65 translocation to the nucleus, and
      suppresses LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in A549 lung cancer
      cells. We have also shown that gallic acid treatment inhibits the acetylation of
      p65 and the LPS-induced serum levels of interleukin-6 in vivo. Importantly,
      gallic acid generally inhibited inflammatory responses caused by other stimuli,
      including LPS, IFN-gamma, and interleukin-1beta, and further downregulated the
      expression of nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic genes. These results
      show the crucial role of acetylation in the development of inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 19996306
TI  - RanBPM has proapoptotic activities that regulate cell death pathways in response
      to DNA damage.
AB  - Ran-binding protein M (RanBPM) is a nucleocytoplasmic protein previously
      implicated in various signaling pathways, but whose function remains enigmatic.
      Here, we provide evidence that RanBPM functions as an activator of apoptotic
      pathways induced by DNA damage. First, transient expression of RanBPM in HeLa
      cells induced cell death through caspase activation, and in the long-term, forced
      expression of RanBPM impaired cell viability. RanBPM COOH-terminal domain
      stimulated the ability of RanBPM to induce caspase activation, whereas this
      activity was negatively regulated by the central SPRY domain. Second, small
      interfering RNA-directed knockdown of RanBPM prevented DNA damage-induced
      apoptosis, as evidenced by the marked reduction in caspase-3 and caspase-2
      activation. This correlated with a magnitude fold increase in the survival of
      RanBPM-depleted cells. Following ionizing radiation treatment, we observed a
      progressive relocalization of RanBPM from the nucleus to the cytoplasm,
      suggesting that the activation of apoptotic pathways by RanBPM in response to
      ionizing radiation may be regulated by nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Finally,
      RanBPM downregulation was associated with a marked decrease of mitochondria
      associated Bax, whereas Bcl-2 overall levels were dramatically upregulated.
      Overall, our results reveal a novel proapoptotic function for RanBPM in DNA
      damage-induced apoptosis through the regulation of factors involved in the
      mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

PMID- 19996307
TI  - Emerging roles of the EBF family of transcription factors in tumor suppression.
AB  - Alterations in various developmental pathways are common themes in cancer. The
      early B-cell factors (EBF) are a family of four highly conserved DNA-binding
      transcription factors with an atypical zinc-finger and helix-loop-helix motif.
      They are involved in the differentiation and maturation of several cell lineages
      including B-progenitor lymphoblasts, neuronal precursors, and osteoblast
      progenitors. During B-cell development, EBF1 is required for the expression of
      Pax5, an essential factor for the production of antibody-secreting cells.
      Accumulating evidence indicates that genomic deletion of the EBF1 gene
      contributes to the pathogenesis, drug resistance, and relapse of B-progenitor
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Epigenetic silencing and genomic deletion of
      the EBF3 locus in chromosome 10q are very frequent in glioblastoma (GBM).
      Strikingly, the frequency of EBF3 loss in GBM is similar to that of the loss of
      Pten, a key suppressor of gliomagenesis. Cancer-specific somatic mutations were
      detected in EBF3 in GBM and in both EBF1 and EBF3 in pancreatic ductal
      adenocarcinoma. These missense mutations occur in the DNA-binding domain or the
      conserved IPT/TIG domain, suggesting that they might disrupt the functions of
      these two proteins. Functional studies revealed that EBF3 represses the
      expression of genes required for cell proliferation [e.g., cyclins and cyclin
      dependent kinases (CDK)] and survival (e.g., Mcl-1 and Daxx) but activates those
      involved in cell cycle arrest (e.g., p21 and p27), leading to growth suppression
      and apoptosis. Therefore, EBFs represent new tumor suppressors whose inactivation
      blocks normal development and contributes to tumorigenesis of diverse types of
      human cancer.

PMID- 19996308
TI  - Metformin reduces arterial stiffness and improves endothelial function in young
      women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover
      trial.
AB  - CONTEXT: Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased
      prevalence of insulin resistance and display subclinical evidence of early
      cardiovascular disease. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and circulating
      markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with PCOS, but it is unclear whether
      this translates into improvements in vascular function. OBJECTIVE: Our objective
      was to evaluate the effects of metformin on arterial stiffness and endothelial
      function in women with PCOS. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: Thirty women with PCOS were
      assigned to consecutive 12-wk treatment periods of metformin or placebo in a
      randomized, double-blind, crossover design separated by an 8-wk washout. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were assessments of arterial
      stiffness [augmentation index (AIx), central blood pressure, and brachial and
      aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)] and endothelial function. Anthropometry,
      testosterone, and metabolic biochemistry (lipids, homeostasis model of assessment
      for insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and
      plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were also assessed. RESULTS: Metformin
      improved AIx [-6.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference -8.5 to 
      3.5%; P < 0.001], aortic PWV (-0.76 m/sec; 95% CI for the difference -1.12 to 
      0.4 m/sec; P < 0.001), brachial PWV (-0.73 m/sec; 95% CI for the difference -1.09
      to -0.38; P < 0.001), central blood pressure (P < 0.001), and endothelium
      dependent (AIx after albuterol; P = 0.003) and endothelium-independent (AIx after
      nitroglycerin; P < 0.001) vascular responses. Metformin also reduced weight (P <
      0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (P = 0.004) and
      increased adiponectin (P = 0.001) but did not affect testosterone or other
      metabolic measures. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term metformin therapy improves arterial
      stiffness and endothelial function in young women with PCOS.

PMID- 19996309
TI  - Insulin modulates food-related activity in the central nervous system.
AB  - CONTEXT: Previous data suggest a key role of central nervous insulin action in
      regulating energy homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: We therefore investigated whether
      insulin modulates brain responses to food and nonfood pictures in a functional
      magnetic resonance imaging study. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Nine healthy, normal
      weight subjects underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements
      to compare the effects of insulin and placebo administration during a visual
      recognition task with food and nonfood pictures. Insulin was administered
      intranasally to raise insulin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid without
      altering systemic effects in the periphery. Metabolic parameters were
      continuously determined during the experiments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We measured
      the changes in brain activity after intranasal insulin administration. RESULTS:
      Food pictures were detected faster when compared to nonfood pictures in all
      conditions without any effect of placebo or insulin. After insulin application,
      functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements showed a significantly reduced
      activity in the presence of food pictures compared to placebo in the right and
      left fusiform gyrus, the right hippocampus, the right temporal superior cortex,
      and the right frontal middle cortex. The brain activation induced by nonfood
      pictures remained unaffected by insulin. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that
      intranasal insulin led to a reduction of activity in brain areas related to
      object processing and memory and may have an effect on brain activation with
      regard to the processing of food pictures. This effect might be part of a
      mechanism that terminates food intake in the postprandial state.

PMID- 19996310
TI  - Diet-induced weight loss and exercise alone and in combination enhance the
      expression of adiponectin receptors in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, but
      only diet-induced weight loss enhanced circulating adiponectin.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of weight loss and
      exercise independently and in combination on circulating levels of adiponectin
      including low molecular weight, medium molecular weight, and high molecular
      weight adiponectin and expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors
      (AdipoR) in adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM). DESIGN AND METHODS:
      Seventy-nine obese males and females were randomized into the following: 1)
      exercise only (12 wk of exercise without diet restriction); 2) hypocaloric diet
      [8 wk of very low energy diet (600 kcal/d) followed by 4 wk with a weight
      maintenance diet]; and 3) hypocaloric diet and exercise (DEX; 8 wk very low
      energy diet 800 kcal/d followed by 4 wk weight maintenance diet combined with
      exercise throughout the 12 wk). Blood samples and biopsies from sc abdominal AT
      and SM were collected at baseline and after 12 wk. The molecular subforms of
      adiponectin in serum were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The mRNA
      expression of AdipoR1 and -2 in SM was increased significantly in the exercise
      only and DEX groups (both P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of adiponectin and
      AdipoRs in AT was increased significantly in all three groups (all P < 0.01),
      whereas serum total circulating adiponectin was significantly increased only in
      the DEX and hypocaloric diet groups (both P < 0.01). All the adiponectin subforms
      changed in a similar manner as total adiponectin, indicating no specific
      regulation of any of the subforms by the intervention. CONCLUSION: Exercise alone
      and in combination with a diet-induced weight loss enhance the mRNA expression of
      adiponectin receptors in AT and in SM but only a pronounced hypocaloric-induced
      weight-loss increases circulating adiponectin in obese subjects.

PMID- 19996311
TI  - Insulin induces REDD1 expression through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation in
      adipocytes.
AB  - REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage responses) is essential for the
      inhibition of mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex) signaling pathway in
      response to hypoxia. REDD1 expression is regulated by many stresses such as
      hypoxia, oxidative stress, and energy depletion. However, the regulation of REDD1
      expression in response to insulin remains unknown. In the present study, we
      demonstrate that in murine and in human adipocytes, insulin stimulates REDD1
      expression. Insulin-induced REDD1 expression occurs through phosphoinositide 3
      kinase/mTOR-dependent pathways. Moreover, using echinomycin, a hypoxia-inducible
      factor 1 (HIF-1) inhibitor, and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA, we demonstrate
      that insulin stimulates REDD1 expression only through the transcription factor
      HIF-1. In conclusion, our study shows that insulin stimulates REDD1 expression in
      adipocytes.

PMID- 19996312
TI  - Reciprocal interactions regulate targeting of calcium channel beta subunits and
      membrane expression of alpha1 subunits in cultured hippocampal neurons.
AB  - Auxiliary beta subunits modulate current properties and mediate the functional
      membrane expression of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in heterologous cells. In
      brain, all four beta isoforms are widely expressed, yet little is known about
      their specific roles in neuronal functions. Here, we investigated the expression
      and targeting properties of beta subunits and their role in membrane expression
      of Ca(V)1.2 alpha(1) subunits in cultured hippocampal neurons. Quantitative
      reverse transcription-PCR showed equal expression, and immunofluorescence showed
      a similar distribution of all endogenous beta subunits throughout dendrites and
      axons. High resolution microscopy of hippocampal neurons transfected with six
      different V5 epitope-tagged beta subunits demonstrated that all beta subunits
      were able to accumulate in synaptic terminals and to colocalize with postsynaptic
      Ca(V)1.2, thus indicating a great promiscuity in alpha(1)-beta interactions. In
      contrast, restricted axonal targeting of beta(1) and weak colocalization of
      beta(4b) with Ca(V)1.2 indicated isoform-specific differences in local channel
      complex formation. Membrane expression of external hemagglutinin epitope-tagged
      Ca(V)1.2 was strongly enhanced by all beta subunits in an isoform-specific
      manner. Conversely, mutating the alpha-interaction domain of Ca(V)1.2 (W440A)
      abolished membrane expression and targeting into dendritic spines. This
      demonstrates that in neurons the interaction of a beta subunit with the alpha
      interaction domain is absolutely essential for membrane expression of alpha(1)
      subunits, as well as for the subcellular localization of beta subunits, which by
      themselves possess little or no targeting properties.

PMID- 19996313
TI  - Celastrol inhibits Hsp90 chaperoning of steroid receptors by inducing
      fibrillization of the Co-chaperone p23.
AB  - Hsp90 is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone. The best characterized inhibitors
      of Hsp90 target its ATP binding pocket, causing nonselective degradation of Hsp90
      client proteins. Here, we show that the small molecule celastrol inhibits the
      Hsp90 chaperoning machinery by inactivating the co-chaperone p23, resulting in a
      more selective destabilization of steroid receptors compared with kinase clients.
      Our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that celastrol disrupts p23 function
      by altering its three-dimensional structure, leading to rapid formation of
      amyloid-like fibrils. This study reveals a unique inhibition mechanism of p23 by
      a small molecule that could be exploited in the dissection of protein
      fibrillization processes as well as in the therapeutics of steroid receptor
      dependent diseases.

PMID- 19996314
TI  - Cell-cell contact formation governs Ca2+ signaling by TRPC4 in the vascular
      endothelium: evidence for a regulatory TRPC4-beta-catenin interaction.
AB  - TRPC4 is well recognized as a prominent cation channel in the vascular
      endothelium, but its contribution to agonist-induced endothelial Ca(2+) entry is
      still a matter of controversy. Here we report that the cellular targeting and
      Ca(2+) signaling function of TRPC4 is determined by the state of cell-cell
      adhesions during endothelial phenotype transitions. TRPC4 surface expression in
      human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) increased with the formation of
      cell-cell contacts. Epidermal growth factor recruited TRPC4 into the plasma
      membrane of proliferating cells but initiated retrieval of TRPC4 from the plasma
      membrane in quiescent, barrier-forming cells. Epidermal growth factor-induced
      Ca(2+) entry was strongly promoted by the formation of cell-cell contacts, and
      both siRNA and dominant negative knockdown experiments revealed that TRPC4
      mediates stimulated Ca(2+) entry exclusively in proliferating clusters that form
      immature cell-cell contacts. TRPC4 co-precipitated with the junctional proteins
      beta-catenin and VE-cadherin. Analysis of cellular localization of fluorescent
      fusion proteins provided further evidence for recruitment of TRPC4 into
      junctional complexes. Analysis of TRPC4 function in the HEK293 expression system
      identified beta-catenin as a signaling molecule that enables cell-cell contact
      dependent promotion of TRPC4 function. Our results place TRPC4 as a Ca(2+) entry
      channel that is regulated by cell-cell contact formation and interaction with
      beta-catenin. TRPC4 is suggested to serve stimulated Ca(2+) entry in a specific
      endothelial state during the transition from a proliferating to a quiescent
      phenotype. Thus, TRPC4 may adopt divergent, as yet unappreciated functions in
      endothelial Ca(2+) homeostasis and emerges as a potential key player in
      endothelial phenotype switching and tuning of cellular growth factor signaling.

PMID- 19996315
TI  - Electrostatic interaction of phytochromobilin synthase and ferredoxin for
      biosynthesis of phytochrome chromophore.
AB  - In plants, phytochromobilin synthase (HY2) synthesize the open chain tetrapyrrole
      chromophore for light-sensing phytochromes. It catalyzes the double bond
      reduction of a heme-derived tetrapyrrole intermediate biliverdin IXalpha (BV) at
      the A-ring diene system. HY2 is a member of ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases
      (FDBRs), which require ferredoxins (Fds) as the electron donors for double bond
      reductions. In this study, we investigated the interaction mechanism of FDBRs and
      Fds by using HY2 and Fd from Arabidopsis thaliana as model proteins. We found
      that one of the six Arabidopsis Fds, AtFd2, was the preferred electron donor for
      HY2. HY2 and AtFd2 formed a heterodimeric complex that was stabilized by chemical
      cross-linking. Surface-charged residues on HY2 and AtFd2 were important in the
      protein-protein interaction as well as BV reduction activity of HY2. These
      surface residues are close to the iron-sulfur center of Fd and the HY2 active
      site, implying that the interaction promotes direct electron transfer from the Fd
      to HY2-bound BV. In addition, the C12 propionate group of BV is important for HY2
      catalyzed BV reduction. A possible role for this functional group is to mediate
      the electron transfer by interacting directly with AtFd2. Together, our
      biochemical data suggest a docking mechanism for HY2:BV and AtFd2.

PMID- 19996317
TI  - Transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane
      conductance regulator-dependent cAMP-stimulated alveolar epithelial fluid
      transport via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism.
AB  - Exogenous or endogenous beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists enhance alveolar
      epithelial fluid transport via a cAMP-dependent mechanism that protects the lungs
      from alveolar flooding in acute lung injury. However, impaired alveolar fluid
      clearance is present in most of the patients with acute lung injury and is
      associated with increased mortality, although the mechanisms responsible for this
      inhibition of the alveolar epithelial fluid transport are not completely
      understood. Here, we found that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), a
      critical mediator of acute lung injury, inhibits beta(2)-adrenergic receptor
      agonist-stimulated vectorial fluid and Cl(-) transport across primary rat and
      human alveolar epithelial type II cell monolayers. This inhibition is due to a
      reduction in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity and
      biosynthesis mediated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent
      heterologous desensitization and down-regulation of the beta(2)-adrenergic
      receptors. Consistent with these in vitro results, inhibition of the PI3K pathway
      or pretreatment with soluble chimeric TGF-beta type II receptor restored beta(2)
      adrenergic receptor agonist-stimulated alveolar epithelial fluid transport in an
      in vivo model of acute lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock in rats. The
      results demonstrate a novel role for TGF-beta1 in impairing the beta- adrenergic
      agonist-stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in acute lung injury, an effect that
      could be corrected by using PI3K inhibitors that are safe to use in humans.

PMID- 19996316
TI  - Fcgamma receptor cross-linking stimulates cell proliferation of macrophages via
      the ERK pathway.
AB  - Macrophage proliferation can be stimulated by phagocytosis and by cross-linking
      of Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR). In this study, we investigated the role of
      FcgammaR and the signaling cascades that link FcgammaR activation to cell cycle
      progression. This effect was mediated by the activating FcgammaR, including
      FcgammaRI and III, via their Fcgamma subunit. Further investigation revealed that
      the cell cycle machinery was activated by FcgammaR cross-linking through
      downstream signaling events. Specifically, we identified the extracellular signal
      regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway as a mediator of signals from FcgammaR
      activation to cyclin D1 expression, because cyclin D1 expression associated with
      FcgammaR cross-linking was attenuated by specific inhibitors of the ERK1/2
      signaling pathway, PD98059 and U0126 and the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)
      inhibitor, Piceatannol. Our findings establish a link between the ERK activation
      and cell cycle signaling pathways, thus providing a causal mechanism by which
      FcgammaR activation produces a mitogenic effect that stimulates macrophage
      proliferation. Macrophage mitosis following FcgammaR activation could potentially
      affect the outcome of macrophage interactions with intracellular pathogens. In
      addition, our results suggest the possibility of new treatment options for
      certain infectious diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, and leukemias based
      on interference with FcgammaR-stimulated macrophage cell proliferation.

PMID- 19996318
TI  - Structural basis for the recognition of oxidized phospholipids in oxidized low
      density lipoproteins by class B scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-BI.
AB  - Specific oxidized phospholipids (oxPC(CD36)) accumulate in vivo at sites of
      oxidative stress and serve as high affinity ligands for scavenger receptors class
      B (CD36 and SR-BI). Recognition of oxPC(CD36) by scavenger receptors plays a role
      in several pathophysiological processes. The structural basis for the recognition
      of oxPC(CD36) by CD36 and SR-BI is poorly understood. A characteristic feature of
      oxPC(CD36) is an sn-2 acyl group that incorporates a terminal gamma-hydroxy (or
      oxo)-alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl. In the present study, a series of model
      oxidized phospholipids were designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability
      to serve as ligands for CD36 and SR-BI. We demonstrated that intact the sn-1
      hydrophobic chain, the sn-3 hydrophilic phosphocholine or phosphatidic acid
      group, and the polar sn-2 tail are absolutely essential for high affinity
      binding. We further found that a terminal negatively charged carboxylate at the
      sn-2 position suffices to generate high binding affinity to class B scavenger
      receptors. In addition, factors such as polarity, rigidity, optimal chain length
      of sn-2, and sn-3 positions and negative charge at the sn-3 position of
      phospholipids further modulate the binding affinity. We conclude that all three
      positions of oxidized phospholipids are essential for the effective recognition
      by scavenger receptors class B. Furthermore, the structure of residues in these
      positions controls the affinity of the binding. The present studies suggest that,
      in addition to oxPC(CD36), other oxidized phospholipids observed in vivo may
      represent novel ligands for scavenger receptors class B.

PMID- 19996319
TI  - Modulation of the human glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A pathway by splice isoform
      polypeptides is mediated through protein-protein interactions.
AB  - This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect
      of the newly discovered 45-kDa enzymatically inactive UGT1A spliced polypeptides,
      named isoform i2, upon UGT1A-mediated glucuronidation. Initially, using an
      inducible system that mimics the relative abundance of isoforms 1 and 2 of UGT1A1
      in human tissues, the rates of formation of glucuronides were significantly
      reduced. We then used a heterologous system constitutively expressing both
      isoforms i1 and i2 for an in-depth investigation of the presence of spliced i2 on
      glucuronidation kinetics. UGT1A1, UGT1A7, and UGT1A8 were selected as candidates
      for these studies. In all cases, co-expression of i1 and i2 in HEK293 cells leads
      to a significant reduction of the velocity of the glucuronidation reaction
      without affecting the affinity (K(m) (app)) for all substrates tested and the
      K(m) for the co-substrate, UDP-glucuronic acid. The data are consistent with a
      dominant-negative model of inhibition but do not sustain with an UGT1A_i2
      mediated inhibition by competitive binding for substrate or the co-substrate. In
      contrast, the data from the co-immunoprecipitation experiments are indicative of
      the existence of a mixture homo-oligomeric (i1-i1 or i2-i2) and hetero-oligomeric
      (i1-i2) complexes in which the i2-i2 and i1-i2 subunits would be inactive. Thus,
      protein-protein interactions are likely responsible for the inhibition of active
      UGT1A_i1 by i2 spliced polypeptides. This new regulatory mechanism may
      alternatively modulate cellular response to endo/xeno stimulus.

PMID- 19996320
TI  - Yellow-e determines the color pattern of larval head and tail spots of the
      silkworm Bombyx mori.
AB  - Yellow proteins form a large family in insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, there
      are 14 yellow genes in the genome. Previous studies have shown that the yellow
      gene is necessary for normal pigmentation; however, the roles of other yellow
      genes in body coloration are not known. Here, we provide the first evidence that
      yellow-e is required for normal body color pattern in insect larvae. In two
      mutant strains, bts and its allele bts2, of the silkworm Bombyx mori, the larval
      head cuticle and anal plates are reddish brown instead of the white color found
      in the wild type. Positional cloning revealed that deletions in the Bombyx
      homolog of the Drosophila yellow-e gene (Bmyellow-e) were responsible for the
      bts/bts2 phenotype. Bmyellow-e mRNA was strongly expressed in the trachea,
      testis, and integument, and expression markedly increased at the molting stages.
      This profile is quite similar to that of Bmyellow, a regulator of neonatal body
      color and body markings in Bombyx. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR
      analysis showed that Bmyellow-e mRNA was heavily expressed in the integument of
      the head and tail in which the bts phenotype is observed. The present results
      suggest that Yellow-e plays a crucial role in the pigmentation process of
      lepidopteran larvae.

PMID- 19996322
TI  - Limited sampling strategies for predicting area under the concentration-time
      curve of mycophenolic acid in islet transplant recipients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mycophenolate mofetil is widely used in islet transplant recipients
      and its active metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), exhibits wide pharmacokinetic
      variability. However, to our knowledge, no limited sampling strategy (LSS) exists
      for monitoring MPA in this subpopulation. OBJECTIVE: To define optimal LSSs for
      MPA monitoring and to test their predictive performance in islet transplant
      recipients. METHODS: After written informed consent was obtained and upon
      administration of a steady-state morning mycophenolate mofetil dose, blood
      samples were collected at 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours
      from 16 stable islet transplant recipients. MPA concentrations were measured by a
      validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet
      detection and pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed by noncompartmental modeling.
      All 16 patients' profiles were used to develop the LSSs via multiple regression
      analysis. Potential LSSs were restricted to ones having R(2) 0.90 or greater and
      3 or fewer time points within the first 4 hours postdose. Resulting equations
      were validated for their predictive performance using the jackknife method, with
      acceptable criteria for bias and precision preset to within +/-15%. In addition,
      14 published LSSs (in the renal transplant population) were tested in our islet
      transplant patients. RESULTS: Five LSSs met preset criteria and had conventional
      sampling times: AUC = 1.783 + 1.248C1 + 0.888C2 + 8.027C4 (R2 = 0.98, bias = 
      3.09%, precision = 9.53%) AUC = 2.778 + 1.413C1 + 0.963C3 + 7.511C4 (R2 = 0.97,
      bias = -3.22%, precision = 11.02%) AUC = 1.448 + 1.239C1 + 0.271C1.5 + 9.108 C4
      (R2 = 0.96, bias = -1.90%, precision = 11.46) AUC = 1.410 - 0.259C0 + 1.443C1 +
      9.622C4 (R2 = 0.96, bias = -2.68%, precision = 11.53%) AUC = 1.547 + 1.417C1 +
      9.448C4 (R2 = 0.96, bias = -2.46%, precision = 11.14%) where AUC = area under the
      concentration-time curve. None of the other published LSSs in the renal
      transplant population met the preset criteria for bias and precision.
      CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, these are the first precise and accurate LSSs for
      predicting MPA AUC developed specifically for islet transplant recipients. The
      LSS that we recommend is the one utilizing 2 concentrations: AUC = 1.547 +
      1.417C1 + 9.448C4. This equation is convenient and clinically feasible. Other
      islet transplant centers may wish to validate our equation in their population or
      use our template as a guide to develop accurate and precise LSSs specific to
      their patient population.

PMID- 19996321
TI  - Estrogen down-regulation of the Scx gene is mediated by the opposing strand
      overlapping gene Bop1.
AB  - Recent genome-wide transcriptome studies suggest the presence of numerous
      bidirectional overlapping coding gene pairs in mammalian genomes. Various
      antisense RNAs are reported as non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of
      sense RNA. However, it is still unclear whether the expression of bidirectional
      overlapping coding genes are regulated by the opposite strand gene transcript
      acting as a non-coding RNA. Bop1 and Scx are a pair of bidirectional overlapping
      coding genes related to cellular proliferation and differentiation, respectively.
      Scx gene is localized in the intron 3 region of the Bop1 gene. The expression of
      these genes is reciprocally regulated by estrogen (E2) in the mouse uterus. In
      situ hybridization indicated that both genes are expressed in the uterine
      endometrial epithelial cells and that the antisense RNA of Scx (Bop1 intronic
      RNA) accumulates as a stable RNA in these cells. The existence of Bop1 intronic
      RNA was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and was increased after E2
      treatment, coinciding with a decrease in Scx mRNA. Murine myoblasts expressing
      doxycycline-inducible endogenous Bop1 gene showed an increase in Bop1 intronic
      RNA and a simultaneous decrease in Scx mRNA. Murine fibroblasts expressing Scx
      mRNA from an exogenous Scx mini-gene indicated that the accumulation of Bop1
      intronic RNA impairs the Scx gene expression in a trans-acting manner, which
      resulted in the reduction of the Scx mRNA level. This study demonstrates a novel
      example of hormone-stimulated intronic non-coding RNA down-regulating the
      expression of an opposing strand-overlapping coding gene.

PMID- 19996323
TI  - Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance and the role of the
      second-generation agents.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review the current state of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase
      inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance, discuss the promising role of second-generation
      NNRTIs, and provide insight into their clinical utility. DATA SOURCES: Articles
      were identified through searches of MEDLINE (May 2000-August 2009) and
      International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (May 1998-August 2009), using the key
      words etravirine, rilpivirine, TMC125, TMC278, diarylpyrimidine, NNRTI, and
      resistance. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical trials, resistance
      studies, and pharmacokinetic data were selected for review. DATA SYNTHESIS:
      NNRTIs are an integral class of antiretroviral agents utilized for the treatment
      of HIV-1 infection. These agents have become preferred therapy options for
      treatment-naive individuals per treatment guideline recommendations and have
      gained increased popularity over protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.
      However, available NNRTIs possess inherent characteristics, such as low genetic
      barrier to resistance and high degree of cross-resistance, that limit their use
      in HIV therapy. Due to the growing utilization of this highly efficacious
      antiretroviral class and the increased capability for resistance development,
      many HIV-infected patients have experienced treatment failure of an NNRTI. Cross
      resistance makes other first-generation NNRTI agents unavailable for future use.
      Etravirine and rilpivirine are second-generation NNRTIs that are not
      significantly hampered by cross-resistance and possess potent antiretroviral
      activity against current NNRTI-resistant viral strains. These agents provide new
      and important therapy options for many HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: NNRTI
      resistance is an increasing problem that may impair the chances for therapeutic
      success in HIV-infected patients. Novel agents such as etravirine and rilpivirine
      provide new, sensitive options for patients and significantly improve the rate of
      virologic suppression when appropriately applied.

PMID- 19996324
TI  - Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization tactics.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the methods and collection techniques currently used in
      stem cell mobilization for patients undergoing autologous transplantation. DATA
      SOURCES: Literature search was performed through PubMed (1948-August 2009) and
      MEDLINE (1977-August 2009). Reference citations from publications identified were
      also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All literature identified was
      reviewed for inclusion. Original research and retrospective cohorts, along with
      previously published systematic reviews of stem cell mobilization and growth
      factors, were evaluated. Abstract data on plerixafor were also reviewed. DATA
      SYNTHESIS: Successful mobilization of an adequate number of progenitor cells can
      help ensure and improve time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment. A variety of
      methods have been studied to find the safest and most predictable mobilization of
      CD34+ progenitor cells, including use of single agents or the combinations of
      hematopoietic growth factors, chemotherapy, and a novel chemokine receptor 4
      antagonist. Currently, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 10 microg/kg
      daily started 4 days prior to apheresis remains the standard of care for initial
      mobilization therapy. In patients who fail to mobilize or who are at high risk
      for mobilization failure, cyclophosphamide in conjunction with G-CSF may be used.
      Plerixafor, a novel chemokine receptor antagonist, in combination with G-CSF has
      demonstrated superiority for achieving collection goals compared to G-CSF alone
      in 2 Phase 3 trials. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal mobilization strategy is still
      unknown; however, colony-stimulating factors remain the most commonly used
      mobilization agents. Currently, chemotherapy or plerixafor in combination with G
      CSF is a reasonable option in heavily pretreated and hard-to-mobilize patients
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

PMID- 19996325
TI  - Expression of interleukin 1-like cytokine interleukin 33 and its receptor complex
      (ST2L and IL1RAcP) in human pancreatic myofibroblasts.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Interleukin 33 (IL33) is a cytokine belonging to the IL1 family and it
      binds to a complex of the ST2L/IL1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAcP). To
      define the role of IL33 in fibrogenesis of the pancreas, the expression of IL33,
      ST2L and IL1RAcP was examined in chronic pancreatitis tissues. The effects of
      IL33 on the functions of human pancreatic myofibroblasts were also investigated.
      METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained surgically. The expression of IL33, ST2L
      and IL1RAcP was evaluated by standard immunohistochemical procedures. Messenger
      RNA expression for IL33, ST2L and IL1RAcP was analysed by northern blotting and
      real-time PCR analyses, and protein expression was assessed by western blotting
      and ELISA. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by a (3)H-thymidine
      incorporation assay and the modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. RESULTS:
      IL33, ST2L and IL1RAcP were expressed by alpha-SMA-positive myofibroblasts in the
      fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis. In human pancreatic myofibroblasts, IL33 was
      weakly immunoexpressed without any stimuli, and this was markedly enhanced by
      IL1beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via
      the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent AP-1 activation pathway.
      ST2L mRNA was weakly detected in unstimulated cells, and IL4 and interferon gamma
      (IFNgamma) strongly enhanced ST2L expression via STAT6 and STAT1 signalling,
      respectively. IL33 rapidly induced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and IkappaBalpha,
      and enhanced the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL6, IL8, IP-10, Gro
      alpha, Gro-beta and MCP-1) in IL4- or IFNgamma-pretreated cells. IL33 stimulated
      the proliferation and migration of pancreatic myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: IL33
      and its receptor complex (ST2L and IL1RAcP) constitute a novel signalling system
      which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 19996326
TI  - Continual monitoring of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype and clonality
      is more important than snapshot analysis in the surveillance of refractory
      coeliac disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: An aberrant immunophenotype and monoclonality of intraepithelial
      lymphocytes (IELs) are frequently found in refractory coeliac disease (RCD).
      However, the utility of continual monitoring of IEL immunophenotype and clonality
      in the surveillance of RCD remains to be studied. DESIGN: The diagnostic and
      follow-up biopsies from 33 patients with CD, 7 with suspected RCD, 41 with RCD
      and 20 with enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) (including 11 evolved
      from RCD) were investigated by CD3epsilon/CD8 double immunohistochemistry and PCR
      based clonality analysis of the rearranged T cell receptor (TCR) genes. RESULTS:
      An aberrant immunophenotype (CD3epsilon(+)CD8(-) IELs > or =40%) and
      monoclonality were detected occasionally in CD biopsies, either transiently in
      patients with CD not compliant with a gluten-free diet or in those who
      subsequently developed suspected RCD, RCD or EATL. In contrast, the aberrant
      immunophenotype and monoclonality were found in 30 of 41 (73%) and 24 of 37 (65%)
      biopsies, respectively, at the time of RCD diagnosis. Among the patients with RCD
      who did not show these abnormalities in their diagnostic biopsies, 8 of 10 (80%)
      and 5 of 11 (45%) cases gained an aberrant immunophenotype and monoclonality,
      respectively, during follow-up. Irrespective of whether detected in diagnostic or
      follow-up biopsies, persistence of both abnormalities was characteristic of RCD.
      Importantly, the presence of concurrent persistent monoclonality and aberrant
      immunophenotype, especially > or =80% CD3epsilon(+)CD8(-) IELs, was a strong
      predictor of EATL development in patients with RCD (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS:
      Continual monitoring of both immunophenotype and clonality of IELs is more
      important than snapshot analysis for RCD diagnosis and follow-up, and could
      provide a useful tool for surveillance of patients at risk of EATL.

PMID- 19996327
TI  - Intrapartum antibiotics and risk factors for early onset sepsis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the independent risk factors for early onset neonatal
      sepsis (EONS) in a setting where the policy is to use intrapartum antibiotic
      prophylaxis (IAP) for known risk factors. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
      SETTING: Level III neonatal unit in a developing country. PATIENTS: Consecutive
      mother-infant dyads (gestation < or =34 weeks) with no major neonatal
      malformations. INTERVENTIONS: Thirteen putative maternal and neonatal risk
      factors and use of IAP were assessed. Neonates were followed until 72 h of life
      for signs of EONS. Blood cultures were drawn on clinical suspicion of EONS and/or
      prior to starting prophylactic antibiotics for high risk asymptomatic neonates.
      MAIN OUTCOME: Culture-proven EONS (onset at <72 h). RESULTS: 601 mother-infant
      dyads were enrolled (mean (SD) gestation=31.8 (2) weeks; mean (SD) birth weight
      1559.4 (452) g). The best fitted multivariable logistic regression model had six
      independent risk factors (adjusted OR (95% CI)): vaginal examinations > or =3
      (9.5 (3 to 31)), clinical chorioamnionitis (8.8 (2 to 43)), birth weight <1500 g
      (2.8 (2 to 5)), male sex (2.7 (2 to 5)), gestation <30 weeks (2 (1 to 4)) and no
      IAP (2 (1.04 to 4)). Regression coefficients were converted into scores of 6, 6,
      3, 3, 2 and 2, respectively. Internal prediction accuracy was 86.5% and c
      statistic was 0.75 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.81, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal
      examinations > or =3, clinical chorioamnionitis, birth weight <1500 g, male sex,
      gestation <30 weeks and no intrapartum antibiotics were independent risk factors
      for EONS among preterm infants of < or =34 weeks' gestation.

PMID- 19996328
TI  - Superior vena cava flow: feasibility and reliability of the off-line analyses.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Superior vena cava (SVC) flow has become a surrogate measure of
      systemic blood flow in neonates. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to
      establish normal SVC flow values in healthy term infants the first 3 days of life
      and to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the off-line analyses. DESIGN:
      Doppler echocardiography of SVC flow was performed in 48 healthy term infants the
      first 3 days of life. Off-line analyses were thereafter performed by one
      cardiologist to investigate the changes in SVC flow from day 1 to day 3 and to
      establish normal values. Intra- and inter-observer variability was analysed in a
      subset of 20 infants by three paediatric cardiologists. RESULTS: The authors
      found a decrease in mean SVC flow from 99 ml/kg/min at day 1 to 77 ml/kg/min at
      day 3. Reliable diameter images were obtained in 85% and velocity recordings in
      81%. The mean variability of SVC flow was 17% in the intra-observer analysis and
      29% in the inter-observer analysis. CONCLUSION: The main challenge of the method
      is the measurement of SVC diameter. The same observer should ideally perform
      sequential analyses. Special caution should be taken when making clinical
      implications from non-optimal pictures.

PMID- 19996329
TI  - Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis.
AB  - The scapula serves many roles in order for proper shoulder function to occur.
      These roles include providing synchronous scapular rotation during humeral
      motion, serving as a stable base for rotator cuff activation and functioning as a
      link in the kinetic chain. Each role is vital to proper arm function and can only
      occur when the anatomy around the shoulder is uncompromised. The presence of bony
      and soft tissue injury as well as muscle weakness and inflexibility can alter the
      roles of the scapula and alter scapular resting position and/or dynamic motion.
      This altered scapular position/movement has been termed 'scapular dyskinesis'.
      Although it occurs in a large number of shoulder injuries, it appears that
      scapular dyskinesis is a non-specific response to a painful condition in the
      shoulder rather than a specific response to certain glenohumeral pathology. The
      presence or absence of scapular dyskinesis needs to be determined during the
      clinical examination. An examination consisting of visual inspection of the
      scapular position at rest and during dynamic humeral movements, along with the
      performance of objective posture measurements and scapular corrective maneuvers,
      will help the clinician ascertain the extent to which the scapula is involved in
      the shoulder injury. Treatment of scapular dyskinesis should begin with optimised
      anatomy and then progress to the restoration of dynamic scapular stability by
      strengthening of the scapular stabilisers utilising kinetic chain-based
      rehabilitation protocols.

PMID- 19996330
TI  - Foot orthoses and gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature
      pertaining to potential mechanisms.
AB  - This article systematically reviews the available literature to improve our
      understanding of the physiological basis for orthoses under the kinematic, shock
      attenuation and neuromotor control paradigms. The propositions made under these
      three paradigms have not been systematically reviewed collectively, and as such,
      there is no single-point synthesis of this clinically relevant body of evidence
      and somewhat disparate findings. Our comprehensive search strategy yielded 22
      papers. Under each paradigm, the role of orthoses with different design features
      including combinations of posting, moulding and density was analysed. Where
      possible, data have been pooled to provide an increased level of confidence in
      findings. The main findings in the kinematic paradigm were that posted non
      moulded orthoses systematically reduced peak rearfoot eversion (2.12 degrees 
      (95% CI 0.72 to 3.53)) and tibial internal rotation (1.33 degrees  (0.12 to
      2.53)) in non-injured cohorts. In the shock attenuation paradigm, it was found
      that non-posted moulded and posted moulded orthoses produced large reductions in
      loading rate and vertical impact force when compared with a control and to a
      posted non-moulded orthosis. The neuromotor control paradigm seems to be the
      least conclusive in its outcome. Based on our review, this paper concludes with
      rudimentary guidelines for the prescription of orthosis, that sports medicine
      practitioners may use in their clinical decision-making process. The need for
      further research focusing on the role of injury, particularly in neuromotor
      control modification and long-term adaptation to orthoses, was highlighted.

PMID- 19996331
TI  - Integration of subclassification strategies in randomised controlled clinical
      trials evaluating manual therapy treatment and exercise therapy for non-specific
      chronic low back pain: a systematic review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is lack of evidence for specific treatment interventions for
      patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) despite the substantial
      amount of randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating treatment outcome for
      this disorder. HYPOTHESIS: It has been hypothesised that this vacuum of evidence
      is caused by the lack of subclassification of the heterogeneous population of
      patients with chronic low back pain for outcome research. STUDY DESIGN: A
      systematic review. METHODS: A systematic review with a meta-analysis was
      undertaken to determine the integration of subclassification strategies with
      matched interventions in randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating manual
      therapy treatment and exercise therapy for NSCLBP. A structured search for
      relevant studies in Embase, Cinahl, Medline, PEDro and the Cochrane Trials
      Register database, followed by hand searching all relevant studies in English up
      to December 2008. RESULTS: Only 5 of 68 studies (7.4%) subclassified patients
      beyond applying general inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the few studies
      where classification and matched interventions have been used, our meta-analysis
      showed a statistical difference in favour of the classification-based
      intervention for reductions in pain (p=0.004) and disability (p=0.0005), both for
      short-term and long-term reduction in pain (p=0.001). Effect sizes ranged from
      moderate (0.43) for short term to minimal (0.14) for long term. CONCLUSION: A
      better integration of subclassification strategies in NSCLBP outcome research is
      needed. We propose the development of explicit recommendations for the use of
      subclassification strategies and evaluation of targeted interventions in future
      research evaluating NSCLBP.

PMID- 19996332
TI  - Characterization of Schlafen-3 expression in effector and regulatory T cells.
AB  - Members of the Slfn protein family have been implicated in the regulation of cell
      growth, hematopoietic cell differentiation, and T cell
      development/differentiation in the thymus. Ten members of this family have been
      described in the mouse, and they have been divided into three subgroups based on
      the overall sequence homology and the size of the encoded proteins. We have
      identified Slfn3, a member of Subgroup II, as an overexpressed gene in CD4(+)
      CD25(+) T cells in the periphery. Interestingly, we demonstrate that upon
      activation and proliferation, Slfn3 mRNA is down-regulated in CD4(+) CD25(+)
      Tregs and up-regulated in CD4(+) CD25(-) Teffs. Moreover, TGF-beta inhibits the
      expression of Slfn3 in anti-CD3/CD28-activated CD4+ T cells, and the same
      conditions induce FoxP3 mRNA. Our results suggest that Slfn3 could have a role in
      T cell differentiation and activation.

PMID- 19996333
TI  - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in asthma risk and lung function growth
      during adolescence.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS, encoded by NOS2A)
      produces NO in response to environmental stimuli, which can result in nitrosative
      stress. Because nitrosative stress affects respiratory health, it was
      hypothesised that variants in NOS2A are associated with asthma incidence and lung
      function growth during adolescence. METHODS: In this prospective study,
      spirometric testing was performed at school and a presence or absence of asthma
      was ascertained annually by questionnaire among children participating in the
      Southern California Children's Health Study. 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms
      (SNPs) of the NOS2A region (with seven promoter SNPs in one haplotype block),
      spanning 20 kb upstream and 10 kb downstream were genotyped. Association between
      the NOS2A region and asthma or lung function growth was tested using genetic
      block-specific principal component and haplotype analyses. This study was
      restricted to children with Latino and Caucasian ancestry for analyses of both
      asthma (n=1596) and lung function growth (n=2108). RESULT: A pair of "yin-yang"
      haplotypes in the promoter region showed strong association with new-onset asthma
      and lung function growth. The "yin" haplotype (h0111101) was associated with 44%
      increased asthma risk (p=0.003) and reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s
      (FEV(1)) growth from 10 to 18 years of age (-29.46 ml, p=0.07), whereas the
      "yang"(h1000010) haplotype was associated with 23% reduced asthma risk (p=0.13)
      and better FEV(1) growth (43.84 ml, p=0.01). Furthermore, the increased asthma
      risk associated with h0111101 was restricted to children with the GSTM1 "null"
      genotype (interaction p=0.002, HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.60). CONCLUSION: Common
      haplotypes in the NOS2A promoter are associated with new-onset asthma and lung
      function growth. These effects are stronger in adolescents with the GSTM1 "null"
      genotype.

PMID- 19996334
TI  - Interval versus continuous training in individuals with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease--a systematic review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
      interval exercise has gained recent attention as a possible means of achieving
      greater physiological training effects compared with continuous exercise. The
      primary aim of this systematic review was to compare the effects of interval
      versus continuous training on peak oxygen uptake, peak power, 6 minute walk test
      (6MWT) distance and health-related quality of life in individuals with COPD.
      METHODS: Randomised controlled trials comparing the effects of interval versus
      continuous training in patients with COPD were identified after searches of six
      databases and reference lists of appropriate studies in May 2009. Two reviewers
      independently assessed study quality. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95%
      CIs were calculated using a random effects model for measures of exercise
      capacity and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Eight randomised controlled
      trials, with a total of 388 patients with COPD, met the inclusion criteria. No
      significant differences were found for peak power (WMD 1 W, 95% CI -1 to 3) or
      peak oxygen uptake (WMD -0.04 l/min, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.05) between interval and
      continuous training. The WMD for the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire dyspnoea
      score was -0.2 units (95% CI -0.5 to 0.0). There was no difference in 6MWT
      distance between groups (WMD 4 m, 95% CI -15 to 23). CONCLUSIONS: Interval and
      continuous training modalities did not differ in their effect on measures of
      exercise capacity or health-related quality of life. Interval training may be
      considered as an alternative to continuous training in patients with varying
      degrees of COPD severity.

PMID- 19996336
TI  - Quantification of dyspnoea using descriptors: development and initial testing of
      the Dyspnoea-12.
AB  - RATIONALE: Dyspnoea is a debilitating and distressing symptom that is reflected
      in different verbal descriptors. Evidence suggests that dyspnoea, like pain
      perception, consists of sensory quality and affective components. The objective
      of this study was to develop an instrument that measures overall dyspnoea
      severity using descriptors that reflect its different aspects. METHODS: 81
      dyspnoea descriptors were administered to 123 patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD), 129 with interstitial lung disease and 106 with chronic
      heart failure. These were reduced to 34 items using hierarchical methods. Rasch
      analysis informed decisions regarding further item removal and fit to the
      unidimensional model. Principal component analysis (PCA) explored the underlying
      structure of the final item set. Validity and reliability of the new instrument
      were further assessed in a separate group of 53 patients with COPD. RESULTS:
      After removal of items with hierarchical methods (n = 47) and items that failed
      to fit the Rasch model (n = 22), 12 were retained. The "Dyspnoea-12" had good
      internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.9) and fit to the Rasch model (chi(2)
      p = 0.08). Items patterned into two groups called "physical"(n = 7) and
      "affective"(n = 5). In the separate validation study, Dyspnoea-12 correlated with
      the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety r = 0.51; depression r = 0.44,
      p<0.001, respectively), 6-minute walk distance (r = -0.38, p<0.01) and MRC
      (Medical Research Council) grade (r = 0.48, p<0.01), and had good stability over
      time (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Dyspnoea-12
      fulfills modern psychometric requirements for measurement. It provides a global
      score of breathlessness severity that incorporates both "physical" and
      "affective" aspects, and can measure dyspnoea in a variety of diseases.

PMID- 19996335
TI  - The 6 minute walk in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: longitudinal changes and
      minimum important difference.
AB  - RATIONALE: The response characteristics of the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) in
      studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are only poorly understood, and
      the change in walk distance that constitutes the minimum important difference
      (MID) over time is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine changes over time in distance
      walked (ie, 6MWD) during the 6MWT and to estimate the change in distance that
      constitutes the MID in patients with IPF. METHODS: Data from a recently completed
      trial that included subjects with IPF who completed the 6MWT, Saint George's
      Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at 6 and 12
      months were used to examine longitudinal changes in 6MWD. Both anchor- and
      distribution-based approaches as well as linear regression analyses were used to
      determine the MID for 6MWD. The SGRQ Total score and FVC were used as clinical
      anchors. MAIN RESULTS: Among 123 subjects alive and able to complete the 6MWT at
      both follow-up time points, 6MWD did not change significantly over time (378.1 m
      at baseline vs 376.8 m at 6 months vs 361.3 m at 12 months, p=0.5). The point
      estimate for the 6MWD MID was 28 m with a range of 10.8-58.5 m. CONCLUSION: In a
      group of patients with IPF with moderate physiological impairment, for those
      alive and able to complete a 6MWT, 6MWD does not change over 12 months. At the
      population level, the MID for 6MWD appears to be approximately 28 m. Further
      investigation using other anchors and derivation methods is required to refine
      estimates of the MID for 6MWD in this patient population.

PMID- 19996337
TI  - Pneumococcal pneumonia presenting with septic shock: host- and pathogen-related
      factors and outcomes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Host- and pathogen-related factors associated with septic shock in
      pneumococcal pneumonia are not well defined. The aim of this study was to
      identify risk factors for septic shock and to ascertain patient outcomes.
      Serotypes, genotypes and antibiotic resistance of isolated strains were also
      analysed. METHODS: Observational analysis of a prospective cohort of non-severely
      immunosuppressed hospitalised adults with pneumococcal pneumonia. Septic shock
      was defined as a systolic blood pressure of <90 mm Hg and peripheral
      hypoperfusion with the need for vasopressors for >4 h after fluid replacement.
      RESULTS: 1041 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia diagnosed by Gram stain and
      culture of appropriate samples and/or urine antigen test were documented, of whom
      114 (10.9%) had septic shock at admission. After adjustment, independent risk
      factors for shock were current tobacco smoking (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.34; p
      = 0.044), chronic corticosteroid treatment (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.75 to 11.32; p =
      0.002) and serotype 3 (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.475; p = 0.022). No
      significant differences were found in genotypes and rates of antibiotic
      resistance. Compared with the remaining patients, patients with septic shock
      required mechanical ventilation more frequently (37% vs 4%; p<0.001) and had
      longer length of stay (11 vs 8 days; p<0.001). The early (10% vs 1%; p<0.001) and
      overall case fatality rates (25% vs 5%; p<0.001) were higher in patients with
      shock. CONCLUSIONS: Septic shock is a frequent complication of pneumococcal
      pneumonia and causes high morbidity and mortality. Current tobacco smoking,
      chronic corticosteroid treatment and infection caused by serotype 3 are
      independent risk factors for this complication.

PMID- 19996338
TI  - Birth weight and risk of asthma in 3-9-year-old twins: exploring the fetal
      origins hypothesis.
AB  - AIM: To examine the relationship between birth weight and risk of asthma in a
      population of twins. METHODS: Birth weight of all live twins (8280 pairs) born in
      Denmark between 1994 and 2000 was linked to information on asthma obtained from
      parent-completed questionnaires at age 3-9 years. Conditional logistic regression
      was used to calculate the risk of asthma. RESULTS: Subjects with a history of
      asthma at age 3-9 years weighed on average 122 g (95% CI 85 to 160) less at birth
      than subjects who had not developed asthma, p<0.001. There was a linear increase
      in asthma risk with decreasing birth weight, OR (per 100 g) 1.04 (95% CI 1.03 to
      1.05), p<0.001. Within twin pairs, the lower birthweight twin had a significantly
      increased risk of asthma compared with the heavier co-twin (11.3% vs 9.9%), OR
      1.30 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.54), p=0.002. The result remained significant after
      adjusting for sex, birth length and Apgar score, OR 1.31 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.65),
      p=0.027. The risk tended to be higher in monozygotic co-twins compared with
      dizygotic co-twins, especially for high birth weight differences. CONCLUSIONS:
      Low birth weight is a risk factor for asthma independently of gestational age,
      sex, birth length and Apgar score, but this may be due, in part, to residual non
      genetic confounding factors. This finding lends support to the "fetal origins
      hypothesis" suggesting undisclosed prenatal determinants for the risk of asthma.

PMID- 19996339
TI  - Treatment of early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic
      fibrosis: the ELITE trial.
AB  - RATIONALE: Antibiotic therapy for early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in
      patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is effective, but the optimal therapeutic
      regimen and duration for early treatment remains unclear. The EarLy Inhaled
      Tobramycin for Eradication (ELITE) study was designed to assess the efficacy and
      safety of two regimens (28 and 56 days) of tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS)
      300 mg/5 ml twice daily for the treatment of early onset P aeruginosa infection
      in patients with CF. METHODS: In this open-label randomised multicentre study,
      patients with CF (aged > or = 6 months) with early P aeruginosa infection were
      treated for 28 days with TIS twice daily administered by the PARI LC PLUS (PARI
      GmbH, Starnberg, Germany) jet nebuliser. After 28 days, patients were randomised
      1:1 to either stop TIS (n=45) or to receive a further 28 days of TIS (n=43). The
      primary endpoint was the median time to recurrence of P aeruginosa (any strain).
      Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients free of P aeruginosa
      infection 1 month after cessation of therapy and safety assessments. RESULTS: The
      median time to recurrence of P aeruginosa (any strain) was similar between the
      two groups. In total, 93% and 92% of the patients were free of P aeruginosa
      infection 1 month after the end of treatment and 66% and 69% remained free at the
      final visit in the 28-day and 56-day groups, respectively. TIS was well
      tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with TIS for 28 days is an effective and well
      tolerated therapy for early P aeruginosa infection in patients with CF. TRIAL
      REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00391976.

PMID- 19996340
TI  - The EPICure study: maximal exercise and physical activity in school children born
      extremely preterm.
AB  - RATIONALE: Evidence regarding exercise capacity and physical activity in children
      born extremely preterm (EP) is limited. Since survivors remain at high risk for
      developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and long-term pulmonary sequelae,
      reductions in exercise capacity and activity levels may be present. OBJECTIVES:
      To compare maximal exercise ventilation characteristics and physical activity
      levels at 11 years of age in children born EP (<25 completed weeks gestation)
      with those of full-term controls. METHODS: Participants performed spirometry,
      body plethysmography and gas transfer testing. A peak exercise test was performed
      on a cycle ergometer. Physical activity was monitored by accelerometry for 7
      days. RESULTS: Lung function and exercise results were obtained in 38 EP children
      (71% prior BPD) and 38 controls. Those born EP had significantly lower Z-scores
      (mean (95% CI) of difference) for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1); -1.74
      (-2.25 to -1.23) and gas transfer (-0.73 (-1.31 to -0.17), and significantly
      greater Z-scores for residual volume (RV; 0.58 (0.10 to 1.10)) and RV/total lung
      capacity (TLC; 0.74 (0.29 to 1.19)). EP birth was associated with a significant
      reduction in peak oxygen consumption. EP children employed greater breathing
      frequencies and lower tidal volumes during peak exercise. No differences were
      observed in physical activity between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in peak
      oxygen consumption in children born EP, and alterations in ventilatory
      adaptations during peak exercise were not explained by differences in physical
      activity, but probably reflects the long-term pathophysiological impact of EP
      birth.

PMID- 19996341
TI  - Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD and correlates with variants in
      the vitamin D-binding gene.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with many chronic
      illnesses, but little is known about its relationship with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels
      were measured in 414 (ex)-smokers older than 50 years and the link between
      vitamin D status and presence of COPD was assessed. The rs7041 and rs4588
      variants in the vitamin D-binding gene (GC) were genotyped and their effects on
      25-OHD levels were tested. RESULTS: In patients with COPD, 25-OHD levels
      correlated significantly with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) (r=0.28,
      p<0.0001). Compared with 31% of the smokers with normal lung function, as many as
      60% and 77% of patients with GOLD (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung
      Disease) stage 3 and 4 exhibited deficient 25-OHD levels <20 ng/ml (p<0.0001).
      Additionally, 25-OHD levels were reduced by 25% in homozygous carriers of the
      rs7041 at-risk T allele (p<0.0001). This correlation was found to be independent
      of COPD severity, smoking history, age, gender, body mass index, corticosteroid
      intake, seasonal variation and rs4588 (p<0.0001). Notably, 76% and 100% of
      patients with GOLD stage 3 and 4 homozygous for the rs7041 T allele exhibited 25
      OHD levels <20 ng/ml. Logistic regression corrected for age, gender and smoking
      history further revealed that homozygous carriers of the rs7041 T allele
      exhibited an increased risk for COPD (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.71; p=0.009).
      CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency occurs frequently in COPD and correlates with
      severity of COPD. The data warrant vitamin D supplementation in patients with
      severe COPD, especially in those carrying at-risk rs7041 variants.

PMID- 19996342
TI  - Direct comparison of the diagnostic yield of ultrasound-assisted Abrams and Tru
      Cut needle biopsies for pleural tuberculosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pleuritis remains the commonest cause of exudative
      effusions in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and histological and/or
      microbiological confirmation on pleural tissue is the gold standard for its
      diagnosis. Uncertainty remains regarding the choice of closed pleural biopsy
      needles. OBJECTIVES: This prospective study compared ultrasound-assisted Abrams
      and Tru-Cut needle biopsies with regard to their diagnostic yield for pleural
      tuberculosis. METHODS: 89 patients (54 men) of mean +/- SD age 38.7 +/- 16.7
      years with pleural effusions and a clinical suspicion of tuberculosis were
      enrolled in the study. Transthoracic ultrasound was performed on all patients,
      who were then randomly assigned to undergo >= 4 Abrams needle biopsies followed
      by >= 4 Tru-Cut needle biopsies or vice versa. Medical thoracoscopy was performed
      on cases with non-diagnostic closed biopsies. Histological and/or microbiological
      proof of tuberculosis on any pleural specimen was considered the gold standard
      for pleural tuberculosis. RESULTS: Pleural tuberculosis was diagnosed in 66
      patients, alternative diagnoses were established in 20 patients and 3 remained
      undiagnosed. Pleural biopsy specimens obtained with Abrams needles contained
      pleural tissue in 81 patients (91.0%) and were diagnostic for tuberculosis in 54
      patients (sensitivity 81.8%), whereas Tru-Cut needle biopsy specimens only
      contained pleural tissue in 70 patients (78.7%, p=0.015) and were diagnostic in
      43 patients (sensitivity 65.2%, p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-assisted
      pleural biopsies performed with an Abrams needle are more likely to contain
      pleura and have a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity for pleural
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 19996343
TI  - Effects of steroid therapy on inflammatory cell subtypes in asthma.
AB  - RATIONALE Airway inflammation in asthma is heterogeneous with different
      phenotypes. The inflammatory cell phenotype is modified by corticosteroids and
      smoking. Steroid therapy is beneficial in eosinophilic asthma (EA), but evidence
      is conflicting regarding non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA). OBJECTIVES To assess the
      inflammatory cell phenotypes in asthma after eliminating potentially confounding
      effects; to compare steroid response in EA versus NEA; and to investigate changes
      in sputum cells with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). METHODS Subjects undertook ICS
      withdrawal until loss of control or 28 days. Those with airway hyper
      responsiveness (AHR) took inhaled fluticasone 1000 microg daily for 28+ days. Cut
      off points were > or = or <2% for sputum eosinophils and > or = or <61% for
      neutrophils. RESULTS After steroid withdrawal (n=94), 67% of subjects were
      eosinophilic, 31% paucigranulocytic and 2% mixed; there were no neutrophilic
      subjects. With ICS (n=88), 39% were eosinophilic, 46% paucigranulocytic, 3% mixed
      and 5% neutrophilic. Sputum neutrophils increased from 19.3% to 27.7% (p=0.024).
      The treatment response was greater in EA for symptoms (p<0.001), quality of life
      (p=0.012), AHR (p=0.036) and exhaled nitric oxide (p=0.007). Lesser but
      significant changes occurred in NEA (ie, paucigranulocytic asthma). Exhaled
      nitric oxide was the best predictor of steroid response in NEA for AHR (area
      under the curve 0.810), with an optimum cut-off point of 33 ppb. CONCLUSIONS
      After eliminating the effects of ICS and smoking, a neutrophilic phenotype could
      be identified in patients with moderate stable asthma. ICS use led to phenotype
      misclassification. Steroid responsiveness was greater in EA, but the absence of
      eosinophilia did not indicate the absence of a steroid response. In NEA this was
      best predicted by baseline exhaled nitric oxide.

PMID- 19996344
TI  - Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and lung cancer: the BTS study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The risk of lung cancer is often reported to be increased for
      patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). METHODS: Vital status was
      sought for all 588 members of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) cryptogenic
      fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) study 11 years after entry to the cohort. Observed
      deaths due to lung cancer were compared with expected deaths using age-, sex- and
      period-adjusted national rates. The roles of reported asbestos exposure and
      smoking were also investigated. RESULTS: 488 cohort members (83%) had died; 46
      (9%) were certified to lung cancer (ICD9 162). The standardised mortality ratio
      (SMR) was 7.4 (95% CI 5.4 to 9.9). Stratified analysis showed increased lung
      cancer mortality among younger subjects, men and ever smokers. Using an
      independent expert panel, 25 cohort members (4%) were considered to have at least
      moderate exposure to asbestos; the risk of lung cancer was increased for these
      subjects (SMR 13.1 (95% CI 3.6 to 33.6)) vs 7.2 (95% CI 5.2 to 9.7) for those
      with less or no asbestos exposure). Ever smoking was reported by 448 (73%) of the
      cohort and was considerably higher in men than in women (92% vs 49%; p<0.001).
      Most persons who died from lung cancer were male (87%), and all but two (96%) had
      ever smoked. Ever smokers presented at a younger age (mean 67 vs 70 years;
      p<0.001) and with less breathlessness (12% smokers reported no breathlessness vs
      5% never smokers; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm an association
      between CFA and lung cancer although this relationship may not be causal. The
      high rate of smoking and evidence that smokers present for medical attention
      earlier than non-smokers suggest that smoking could be confounding this
      association.

PMID- 19996345
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of the NICE guidelines for screening for latent tuberculosis
      infection: the QuantiFERON-TB Gold IGRA alone is more cost-effective for
      immigrants from high burden countries.
AB  - NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) guidelines for new
      entrant tuberculosis (TB) screening recommend chest x ray (CXR) for immigrants
      from countries with TB incidence >40/10(5), and tuberculin skin test (TST) for
      people with normal CXR from very high TB prevalence countries. A revised
      screening policy using first-line QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) in high risk
      immigrants was piloted in 2007. Initially, TST was offered to immigrants from
      countries with TB incidence 200-339/10(5), and QFT to those from countries with
      incidence >340/10(5). When increased resources became available, all immigrants
      from countries with TB incidence >200/10(5) had QFT. Those with positive QFT were
      invited for CXR. 1336 immigrant were invited for screening, with a 32% attendance
      rate. 280 patients had QFT, of which 38% were positive, with <2% being
      indeterminate. Using the NICE approach, the cost of screening these 280
      immigrants would be pound 13,346.75 ( pound 47.67 per immigrant) and would
      identify 83 cases of latent TB infection (LTBI). Using first-line QFT followed by
      CXR the cost was pound 9781.82 ( pound 34.94 per immigrant) and identified 105
      cases of LTBI. The cost to identify one case of LTBI following NICE guidelines
      would be pound 160.81 and using the present protocol was pound 93.16. For
      immigrants from high risk countries QFT blood testing followed by CXR is feasible
      for TB screening, cheaper than screening using the NICE guideline and identifies
      more cases of LTBI.

PMID- 19996346
TI  - Increased myoepithelial cells of bronchial submucosal glands in fatal asthma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fatal asthma is characterised by enlargement of bronchial mucous
      glands and tenacious plugs of mucus in the airway lumen. Myoepithelial cells,
      located within the mucous glands, contain contractile proteins which provide
      structural support to mucous cells and actively facilitate glandular secretion.
      OBJECTIVES: To determine if myoepithelial cells are increased in the bronchial
      submucosal glands of patients with fatal asthma. METHODS: Autopsied lungs from 12
      patients with fatal asthma (FA), 12 patients with asthma dying of non-respiratory
      causes (NFA) and 12 non-asthma control cases (NAC) were obtained through the
      Prairie Provinces Asthma Study. Transverse sections of segmental bronchi from
      three lobes were stained for mucus and smooth muscle actin and the area fractions
      of mucous plugs, mucous glands and myoepithelial cells determined by point
      counting. The fine structure of the myoepithelial cells was examined by electron
      microscopy. RESULTS: FA was characterised by significant increases in mucous
      gland (p = 0.003), mucous plug (p = 0.004) and myoepithelial cell areas (p =
      0.017) compared with NAC. When the ratio of myoepithelial cell area to total
      gland area was examined, there was a disproportionate and significant increase in
      FA compared with NAC (p = 0.014). Electron microscopy of FA cases revealed
      hypertrophy of the myoepithelial cells with increased intracellular myofilaments.
      The NFA group showed changes in these features that were intermediate between the
      FA and NAC groups but the differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS:
      Bronchial mucous glands and mucous gland myoepithelial cell smooth muscle actin
      are increased in fatal asthma and may contribute to asphyxia due to mucous
      plugging.

PMID- 19996347
TI  - HIV prevalence and testing practices among tuberculosis cases in London: a missed
      opportunity for HIV diagnosis?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Universal testing for HIV in patients with tuberculosis (TB) has been
      advocated for over a decade. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence
      and testing practices of HIV in TB centres in London. METHODS: A cohort study was
      undertaken of all patients with TB in Greater London in 2003-4 (n = 1941).
      Logistic regression was used to assess factors affecting being offered and
      accepting testing and having a positive HIV result. RESULTS: The overall known
      prevalence of HIV was 9.9% (193/1941). In those with a test result (including
      those diagnosed previously) it was 25.6%. Overall, 50.8% of patients aged > or
      =20 years without previous testing were offered HIV testing and, of these, 73%
      accepted. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with being HIV positive
      were age 20-49 years, black ethnicity and being born overseas. Those with smear
      negative disease and with a poor understanding of English were significantly less
      likely to be offered HIV testing. Factors associated with refusal of an offered
      test were female gender or age >49 years. HIV status was not associated with
      smear status, drug resistance or death, but was associated with CNS disease (OR
      1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.0, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half the patients with TB
      in London in 2003-4 were not offered HIV testing. In those offered testing,
      uptake was high. Patients in higher risk groups were more likely to be offered
      testing but, even within the highest risk groups, testing was not universally
      offered. This represents a missed opportunity for diagnosing HIV in patients with
      TB in London.

PMID- 19996348
TI  - Positionally cloned genes and age-specific effects in asthma and atopy: an
      international population-based cohort study (ECRHS).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several genes identified by positional cloning have been associated
      with asthma and atopy, but few findings have been replicated. Age at onset of
      asthma has been associated with different phenotypic characteristics, and with
      variants at chromosome 17q21 identified through genome-wide association. This
      study examined the associations and age-specific effects on asthma, atopy and
      bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) of five candidate genes previously
      identified by positional cloning (ADAM33, PHF11, NPSR1, DPP10, SPINK5). METHODS:
      51 polymorphisms from 2474 participants from 13 countries who took part in the
      European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1990-2000) were studied. Asthma and
      age at onset of asthma were assessed by questionnaire data, BHR by methacholine
      challenge and atopy by specific immunoglobulin E to four common allergens.
      RESULTS: Significant associations with asthma, atopy and particularly for asthma
      with atopy were observed for a large region of 47 kb in the NPSR1 gene, even
      after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p<0.001). The associations
      with NPSR1 were stronger in those reporting a first attack of asthma before the
      age of 15, with statistically significant interactions with age of onset found
      for three SNPs. The evidence for ADAM33 and BHR and for an age-specific effect of
      two SNPs in DPP10 and asthma was weaker. CONCLUSION: This study provides further
      evidence for an effect of NPSR1 on asthma, atopy and atopic asthma. In addition,
      this analysis suggests a role for NPSR1 in early-onset asthma driven by the
      strong effect of this gene on atopic asthma.

PMID- 19996349
TI  - Comparison of inhaled mannitol, daily rhDNase and a combination of both in
      children with cystic fibrosis: a randomised trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Osmotic agents, such as inhaled dry powder mannitol, may increase
      mucociliary clearance by rehydrating the airway surface liquid and thus act as
      disease-modifying treatments in cystic fibrosis (CF). This is the first
      therapeutic trial of inhaled mannitol in children with CF; it was compared with
      recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase), the current best established
      mucolytic treatment. METHODS: 38 children were recruited to an open crossover
      study. Subjects underwent an initial bronchial provocation challenge with dry
      powder mannitol. Those children with a negative challenge were randomly allocated
      to one of three consecutive 12-week treatment blocks (inhaled mannitol alone,
      nebulised rhDNase alone and mannitol + rhDNase). The primary outcome was forced
      expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)). A number of secondary outcome measures were
      also studied. RESULTS: Twenty children completed the study. Bronchoconstriction
      and cough associated with mannitol administration contributed to the high
      attrition rate. The mean increase in FEV(1) following 12 weeks of treatment was
      0.11 litres (6.7%) (p = 0.055) for mannitol alone, 0.12 litres (7.2%) (p = 0.03)
      for rhDNase alone and 0.03 litres (1.88%) (p = 0.67) for rhDNase and mannitol.
      None of the secondary clinical outcomes was statistically significantly different
      between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled mannitol was at least as effective as
      rhDNase after 3 months treatment. There was a marked individual variation in
      tolerance to mannitol and in response to treatment however. Children who do not
      respond to rhDNase many benefit from a trial of inhaled mannitol. The combination
      of mannitol and rhDNase was not useful.

PMID- 19996350
TI  - Longitudinal change of prebronchodilator spirometric obstruction and health
      outcomes: results from the SAPALDIA cohort.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Understanding the prognostic meaning of early stages of chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the general population is relevant for
      discussions about underdiagnosis. To date, COPD prevalence and incidence have
      often been estimated using prebrochodilation spirometry instead of
      postbronchodilation spirometry. In the SAPALDIA (Swiss Study on Air Pollution and
      Lung Disease in Adults) cohort, time course, clinical relevance and determinants
      of severity stages of obstruction were investigated using prebronchodilator
      spirometry. METHODS: Incident obstruction was defined as an FEV(1)/FVC (forced
      expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio >or=0.70 at baseline and
      <0.70 at follow-up, and non-persistence was defined inversely. Determinants were
      assessed in 5490 adults with spirometry and respiratory symptom data in 1991 and
      2002 using Poisson regression controlling for self-declared asthma and wheezing.
      Change in obstruction severity (defined analogously to the GOLD (Global
      Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) classification) over 11 years
      was related to shortness of breath and health service utilisation for respiratory
      problems by logistic models. RESULTS: The incidence rate of obstruction was 14.2
      cases/1000 person years. 20.9% of obstructive cases (n = 113/540) were non
      persistent. Age, smoking, chronic bronchitis and non-current asthma were
      determinants of incidence. After adjustment for asthma, only progressive stage I
      or persistent stage II obstruction was associated with shortness of breath (OR
      1.71, 95% CI 0.83 to 3.54; OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.50 to 6.42, respectively) and health
      service utilisation for respiratory problems (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.02 to 6.10; OR
      4.17 95% CI 1.91 to 9.13, respectively) at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The observed
      non-persistence of obstruction suggests that prebronchodilation spirometry, as
      used in epidemiological studies, might misclassify COPD. Future epidemiological
      studies should consider both prebronchodilation and postbronchodilation
      measurements and take specific clinical factors related to asthma and COPD into
      consideration for estimation of disease burden and prediction of health outcomes.

PMID- 19996351
TI  - Is adult height related to the risk of having chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease?
AB  - BACKGROUND: A number of historical studies have suggested that early life
      deprivation increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD) in adult life, but whether this is still true now that living
      conditions have improved is not known. The aim of this study is to quantify the
      current association between adult height (a marker of socioeconomic status in
      early life) and COPD and to determine how this varies by age. METHODS: We
      obtained data on 1,204,110 people (aged over 35 years old) from The Health
      Improvement Network--a general practice database. We used a cross-sectional
      analysis to quantify the odds of having doctor-diagnosed COPD in relation to
      height using logistic regression. RESULTS: In our dataset, we had information on
      adult height for 1,025,662 (85%) people, and of these 2.7% had a diagnosis of
      COPD. The risk of having COPD decreased with each increase in quintile of height-
      OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.91). There was evidence of effect modification by age
      group such that this association was strongest in people aged 35 to 49 years (OR
      0.86, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89) and decreased progressively with age. CONCLUSIONS: The
      risk of developing COPD is still strongly associated with adult height. This
      association is strongest in the youngest age category, suggesting that early life
      experience will remain an important risk factor for COPD for some time to come
      and possibly that COPD related to early life deprivation is more severe and tends
      to present at a younger age.

PMID- 19996352
TI  - Social inequalities in health among adolescents in a large southern European
      city.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Numerous health problems are initiated in childhood and adolescence.
      For example, obesity, which has increased significantly in recent years, often
      begins in early life. The objective of this study is to describe social
      inequalities in obesity and other health problems among adolescents, by sex.
      METHODS: Data were from a cross-sectional study conducted in a representative
      sample of 903 adolescents aged 12-16&emsp14;years old, from secondary schools in
      Barcelona, Spain. Associations between socioeconomic indicators and health
      outcomes (perceived health status, and overweight and obesity) were examined
      through generalised estimating equation models. All analyses were stratified by
      sex. RESULTS: Boys were more likely to report very good perceived health status
      than girls (64.1% and 46.3%, respectively). Some of the less privileged
      socioeconomic position indicators were associated with the presence of overweight
      and obesity (prevalence ratio 2.41 for low family affluence scale in girls), and
      with a lower probability of reporting very good perceived health status among
      boys (prevalence ratio 0.75 for primary level of paternal education).
      CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there are social inequalities in perceived
      health status, overweight and obesity, measured by different socioeconomic
      indicators among the adolescent population of Barcelona, and that these
      inequalities were distributed differently among boys and girls. Gender
      differences in the impact of socioeconomic variables in health need to be
      considered in epidemiological and intervention studies.

PMID- 19996353
TI  - Charles Darwin in modern epidemiology and public health: the celebration
      continues.
AB  - 2009 was Darwin year; his familiar bearded face peered out from a great radiation
      of TV series, book covers and even a feature film. The reasons for this were his
      bicentennial and the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin of
      Species. However, there is no reason the celebrations should cease with the turn
      of the New Year.

PMID- 19996354
TI  - Social disparities in periodontitis among US adults: the effect of allostatic
      load.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Periodontitis has been shown to be associated with allostatic load, a
      measure of physiological instability across biological systems from cumulative or
      repeated adaptation to stressors. Minority racial/ethnic and low socioeconomic
      groups tend to have higher prevalence of periodontitis and are more likely to be
      exposed to stress. The association between periodontitis and allostatic load and
      whether this association differed by race/ethnicity, education, income and age
      among US adults were examined. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and
      Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004, prevalence ratios were calculated using
      logistic regression to estimate the strength of the association between
      allostatic load and the prevalence of periodontitis before and after adjusting
      for selected characteristics. RESULTS: After adjustment for selected
      characteristics, including race/ethnicity, income and education, US adults with a
      high allostatic load were 55% (95% CI 1.05 to 2.29) more likely to have
      periodontitis than their counterparts with low allostatic load. This association
      varied by race/ethnicity where Mexican Americans with a high allostatic load were
      almost five (PR 4.62; 95% CI 2.52 to 8.50) times more likely to have
      periodontitis than their counterparts with low allostatic load. CONCLUSIONS:
      These data suggest that stress may be associated with periodontitis in the USA,
      with Mexican Americans exhibiting the strongest association. Furthermore, this
      group may lack appropriate coping responses to process chronic stressors that
      other groups may have historically been conditioned to handle. More research is
      needed to understand allostatic load in Mexican Americans and its influence on
      periodontitis.

PMID- 19996355
TI  - Census tract socioeconomic and physical environment and cardiovascular mortality
      in the Region of Madrid (Spain).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Features of the area might contribute to differences in
      cardiovascular mortality. The census tract distribution of ischaemic heart
      disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease mortality in the Region of Madrid and
      its association with deprivation and environmental variables were examined in
      this study. METHODS: Cross-sectional, ecological study covering 3906 census
      tracts (median of around 1000 inhabitants), using mortality data (population aged
      <75 years) for 1996-2003, as well as socioeconomic deprivation and other
      environmental indicators (subjective perceptions of pollution, background noise,
      lack of green spaces and delinquency) drawn from the 2001 census. Standardised
      mortality ratios were calculated. Smoothed census tract relative risks were
      calculated using the Besag-York-Mollie model. Relative risks (RRs) of dying and
      their 95% credibility intervals (95% CI) were calculated according to the
      indicators considered (with the fourth quartile, Q, being the most unfavourable
      situation). Maps were plotted depicting the distribution of the posterior
      probability of RR>1. RESULTS: Census tracts with excess mortality were mostly
      located in the city of Madrid. Mortality increased with deprivation: RRs of IHD
      and stroke mortality in Q4 with respect to Q1 were 1.42 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.54) and
      1.66 (95% CI 1.45 to 1.88) for men, and 1.54 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.79) and 1.52 (95%
      CI 1.29 to 1.76) for women respectively. Associations with deprivation decreased
      only slightly when perceived lack of green spaces and delinquency were included
      in the model. In men, subjective perceptions of areas remained associated with
      cardiovascular mortality after adjustment for deprivation. CONCLUSION:
      Deprivation and subjective perceptions of physical environmental characteristics
      are ecologically associated with cardiovascular disease mortality.

PMID- 19996356
TI  - Breastfeeding patterns among ethnic minorities: the Generation R Study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Because breastfeeding is the best method of infant feeding, groups at
      risk of low breastfeeding rates should be identified. Therefore, this study
      compared breastfeeding patterns of ethnic minority groups in The Netherlands with
      those of native mothers and established how they were influenced by generational
      status and socio-demographic determinants of breastfeeding. METHODS: We used data
      on 2914 Dutch, 366 Mediterranean first-generation, 143 Mediterranean second
      generation, 285 Caribbean first-generation and 140 Caribbean second-generation
      mothers. Information on starting breastfeeding and breastfeeding at 2 and 6
      months after birth were obtained from questionnaires during the first year after
      birth. RESULTS: Overall, 90.6% of women started breastfeeding after delivery.
      This percentage was lowest among the native Dutch (89.1%) and highest among the
      Mediterranean second-generation women (98.6%; p<0.001). At 6 months postpartum,
      30.6% of mothers were still breastfeeding, ranging from 19.3% in the Caribbean
      second-generation mothers to 42.6% in first-generation Mediterranean mothers.
      After adjustment for covariates, more non-native mothers started breastfeeding
      than native Dutch mothers. While Mediterranean first-generation mothers had
      higher breastfeeding rates at 6 months (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 2.09 to 3.51), there
      were no differences in Mediterranean second-generation and Caribbean mothers
      compared to native Dutch mothers. CONCLUSION: More non-native mothers started
      breastfeeding than native mothers, but relative fewer continued. Although both
      native Dutch and non-native mothers had low continuation rates, ethnic minorities
      may face other difficulties in continuing breastfeeding than native women.

PMID- 19996357
TI  - Grandparental caregiving, income inequality and respiratory infections in elderly
      US individuals.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) is a major cause of morbidity and
      mortality in the USA, particularly in elderly people. Recent research indicates
      that P&I may be linked to socioeconomic conditions associated with interactions
      of children with vulnerable elderly people that may proliferate the spread of
      disease. This study assessed the associations between four sociodemographic
      characteristics--median county income, Gini index, youth dependency ratio and
      proportion of co-residential caregiver grandparents--and P&I on the county level
      overall and by age group. METHODS: All hospitalisations due to P&I from 1991 to
      2004 were abstracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services database
      and categorised by influenza year (July-June) and age category. Using generalised
      estimating equations, associations between P&I rates and four sociodemographic
      variables were assessed and models were stratified by income to assess income as
      a potential effect modifier. RESULTS: P&I rates were higher in counties with
      lower median income. In low-income counties, high levels of live-in grandparental
      caregivers were associated with consistently higher levels of pneumonia and
      influenza rates. The Gini index was positively associated with disease rates,
      particularly in younger age groups. DISCUSSION: These results suggest complex
      relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and P&I outcomes for
      elderly people, particularly those related to children. The strength of the
      relationship between the proportion of grandparental caregivers and disease rates
      decreases with age, which may caregiving patterns, or may serve as a proxy for
      related sociodemographic characteristics. These findings merit further research
      to understand better how area-level factors affect P&I patterns in elderly
      people.

PMID- 19996358
TI  - The effect of influenza vaccination on the incidence of chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease exacerbations in the immediate postvaccination period.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is an important strategy in the prevention of
      exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
      Despite the proven benefits, there are patients who are reluctant to have this
      intervention for fear of triggering an exacerbation. There are very few studies
      looking at the effect of the vaccination on exacerbation rates of COPD in primary
      care. METHODS: Medical records were obtained from six primary care practices in
      the Derbyshire area (UK), and 293 pairs of patients were selected. All patients
      had a diagnosis of COPD based on post bronchodilator spirometry. Patients were
      matched according to age, sex, severity of COPD and comorbidities. The first
      group of patients received the influenza vaccination while the other group served
      as a control (either never received the vaccination or received it at a later
      date). The incidence of COPD exacerbations of both groups was recorded. RESULTS:
      There were 21 exacerbations in the control group compared to 11 in the vaccinated
      group. The difference in exacerbation rates between groups was not statistically
      significant (McNemar's p=0.11). In the 2 weeks after receiving the influenza
      vaccination, the risk of experiencing an exacerbation in this group of patients
      was 0.52 in the vaccinated group compared to the non-vaccinated group (OR 0.52,
      CI 0.29 to 1.14). CONCLUSION: Patients with COPD should be reassured that the
      influenza vaccination is safe and does not cause an increase in exacerbations.
      They should be encouraged to take up the vaccination annually before the onset of
      winter.

PMID- 19996359
TI  - Coffee, green tea, black tea and oolong tea consumption and risk of mortality
      from cardiovascular disease in Japanese men and women.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The effects of coffee and green, black and oolong teas and caffeine
      intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have not been well defined in
      Asian countries. METHODS: To examine the relationship between the consumption of
      these beverages and risk of mortality from CVD, 76,979 individuals aged 40-79
      years free of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cancer at entry were
      prospectively followed. The daily consumption of beverages was assessed by
      questionnaires. RESULTS: 1362 deaths were documented from strokes and 650 deaths
      from CHD after 1,010,787 person-years of follow-up. Compared with non-drinkers of
      coffee, the multivariable HR and 95% CI for those drinking 1-6 cups/week, 1-2
      cups/day and >= 3 cups/day were 0.78 (0.50 to 1.20), 0.67 (0.47 to 0.96) and 0.45
      (0.17 to 0.87) for strokes among men (p = 0.009 for trend). Compared with non
      drinkers of green tea, the multivariable HR for those drinking 1-6 cups/week, 1-2
      cups/day, 3-5 cups/day and >= 6 cups/day were 0.34 (0.06-1.75), 0.28 (0.07-1.11),
      0.39 (0.18-0.85) and 0.42 (0.17-0.88) for CHD among women (p = 0.038 for trend).
      As for oolong tea, the multivariable HR of those drinking 1-6 cups/week and >= 1
      cups/day were 1.00 (0.65-1.55) and 0.39 (0.17-0.88) for total CVD among men (p =
      0.049 for trend). Risk reduction for total CVD across categories of caffeine
      intake was most prominently observed in the second highest quintile, with a 38%
      lower risk among men and 22% among women. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of coffee,
      green tea and oolong tea and total caffeine intake was associated with a reduced
      risk of mortality from CVD.

PMID- 19996360
TI  - Social influences on trajectories of self-rated health: evidence from Britain,
      Germany, Denmark and the USA.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study investigates social inequalities in self-rated health
      dynamics for working-aged adults in four nations, representing distinct welfare
      regime types. The aims are to describe average national trajectories of self
      rated health over a 7-year period, identify social determinants of cross
      sectional and longitudinal health and compare cross-national patterns. METHODS:
      Data are from national household panel surveys in Britain, Germany, Denmark and
      the USA. The self-rated health of working-age respondents is measured for the
      years 1995-2001. Social indicators include education, occupational class,
      employment status, income, age, gender, minority status and marital status.
      Latent growth curve models are used to estimate both individual change and
      average national trajectories of self-rated health, conditioned on the social
      indicators. RESULTS: Ageing-vector graphs reveal general declines in health as
      people age. They also show differential patterns of change for specific national
      cohorts. Older cohorts in Denmark had poorer health and young cohorts in the USA
      had better health in 2001 than 1995. Social covariates predicted baseline health
      in all four countries, in ways that were consistent with welfare regime theories.
      Once inequalities in baseline health were accounted for, the few determinants of
      mean health decline occurred mainly in the USA, again in line with theoretical
      expectations. Finally, trajectories of health for those in average and advantaged
      social circumstances were similar, but disadvantaged individuals had much poorer
      health trajectories than 'average' individuals. The differences were greatest in
      the countries with lower levels of public transfers. CONCLUSION: National
      differences in self-rated health trajectories and their social correlates may be
      attributed partly to welfare policies.

PMID- 19996361
TI  - Issues and challenges for systematic reviews in indigenous health.
AB  - This essay outlines key issues raised during a project that aimed to (1) identify
      the gaps in the international evidence base of systematic reviews of intervention
      effectiveness relevant to public health decision making to address health
      inequalities experienced by indigenous people, and (2) identify priority areas
      and topics for future reviews. A number of indigenous researchers and clinicians
      invited to participate in the project expressed reservations about the
      appropriateness and value of conventional systematic reviews of intervention
      evidence to indigenous health. Ensuring that systematic review methods for
      indigenous health research meet the needs of those that use them, including
      indigenous communities themselves, needs to be a key area of ongoing work. The
      public health group within the Cochrane Collaboration has recognised this as a
      priority area and initiated exploration of these issues.

PMID- 19996362
TI  - The International Union of Physiological Sciences. IUPS Editorial VIII.

PMID- 19996363
TI  - Islet inflammation impairs the pancreatic beta-cell in type 2 diabetes.
AB  - Onset of Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreatic beta-cell fails to adapt to
      the increased insulin demand caused by insulin resistance. Morphological and
      therapeutic intervention studies have uncovered an inflammatory process in islets
      of patients with Type 2 diabetes characterized by the presence of cytokines,
      immune cells, beta-cell apoptosis, amyloid deposits, and fibrosis. This insulitis
      is due to a pathological activation of the innate immune system by metabolic
      stress and governed by IL-1 signaling. We propose that this insulitis contributes
      to the decrease in beta-cell mass and the impaired insulin secretion observed in
      patients with Type 2 diabetes.

PMID- 19996364
TI  - Roles of phospholipase C isozymes in organogenesis and embryonic development.
AB  - Phosphoinositide metabolism is an important intracellular signaling system that
      regulates a variety of cellular functions. Phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme
      in this system. Recent studies on genetically manipulated mice have clarified the
      functions of PLC in vivo. This review focuses on the roles of PLC in
      organogenesis and embryonic development.

PMID- 19996365
TI  - Regulation of smooth muscle contraction by small GTPases.
AB  - Next to changes in cytosolic [Ca(2+)], members of the Rho subfamily of small
      GTPases, in particular Rho and its effector Rho kinase, also known as ROK or
      ROCK, emerged as key regulators of smooth muscle function in health and disease.
      In this review, we will focus on the regulation of the contractile machinery by
      Rho/ROK signaling and its interaction with PKC and cyclic nucleotide signaling.
      We will briefly discuss the emerging evidence that remodeling of cortical actin
      is necessary for contraction.

PMID- 19996366
TI  - The roles of CaMKII and F-actin in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines:
      a potential molecular identity of a synaptic tag?
AB  - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and actin are two crucial
      molecules involved in long-term potentiation (LTP). In addition to its signaling
      function, CaMKII plays a structural role via direct interaction with actin
      filaments, thus coupling functional and structural plasticity in dendritic
      spines. The status of F-actin, regulated by CaMKII, determines the postsynaptic
      protein binding capacity and thus may act as a synaptic tag that consolidates
      LTP.

PMID- 19996367
TI  - Functional organization of the porosome complex and associated structures
      facilitating cellular secretion.
AB  - Porosomes, the universal secretory machinery at the cell plasma membrane, are cup
      shaped supramolecular lipoprotein structures, where membrane-bound vesicles
      transiently dock and fuse to release intravesicular contents during cell
      secretion. In this review, the discovery of the porosome and its structure,
      dynamics, composition, and functional reconstitution are outlined. Furthermore,
      the architecture of porosome-like structures such as the "canaliculi system" in
      human platelets and various associated structures such as the T-bars at the
      Drosophila synapse or the "beams," "ribs," and "pegs" at the frog neuromuscular
      junction, each organized to facilitate a certain specialized secretory activity,
      are briefly discussed.

PMID- 19996368
TI  - The rocking bundle: a mechanism for ion-coupled solute flux by symmetrical
      transporters.
AB  - Crystal structures of the bacterial amino acid transporter LeuT have provided the
      basis for understanding the conformational changes associated with substrate
      translocation by a multitude of transport proteins with the same fold.
      Biochemical and modeling studies led to a "rocking bundle" mechanism for LeuT
      that was validated by subsequent transporter structures. These advances suggest
      how coupled solute transport might be defined by the internal symmetry of
      proteins containing inverted structural repeats.

PMID- 19996373
TI  - Presenting GENETICS: honoring the past, embracing the future.

PMID- 19996374
TI  - Letting Escherichia coli teach me about genome engineering.
AB  - A career of following unplanned observations has serendipitously led to a deep
      appreciation of the capacity that bacterial cells have for restructuring their
      genomes in a biologically responsive manner. Routine characterization of
      spontaneous mutations in the gal operon guided the discovery that bacteria
      transpose DNA segments into new genome sites. A failed project to fuse lambda
      sequences to a lacZ reporter ultimately made it possible to demonstrate how
      readily Escherichia coli generated rearrangements necessary for in vivo cloning
      of chromosomal fragments into phage genomes. Thinking about the molecular
      mechanism of IS1 and phage Mu transposition unexpectedly clarified how
      transposable elements mediate large-scale rearrangements of the bacterial genome.
      Following up on lab lore about long delays needed to obtain Mu-mediated lacZ
      protein fusions revealed a striking connection between physiological stress and
      activation of DNA rearrangement functions. Examining the fate of Mudlac DNA in
      sectored colonies showed that these same functions are subject to developmental
      control, like controlling elements in maize. All these experiences confirmed
      Barbara McClintock's view that cells frequently respond to stimuli by
      restructuring their genomes and provided novel insights into the natural genetic
      engineering processes involved in evolution.

PMID- 19996377
TI  - Extensive functional diversification of the Populus glutathione S-transferase
      supergene family.
AB  - Identifying how genes and their functions evolve after duplication is central to
      understanding gene family radiation. In this study, we systematically examined
      the functional diversification of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family
      in Populus trichocarpa by integrating phylogeny, expression, substrate
      specificity, and enzyme kinetic data. GSTs are ubiquitous proteins in plants that
      play important roles in stress tolerance and detoxification metabolism. Genome
      annotation identified 81 GST genes in Populus that were divided into eight
      classes with distinct divergence in their evolutionary rate, gene structure,
      expression responses to abiotic stressors, and enzymatic properties of encoded
      proteins. In addition, when all the functional parameters were examined, clear
      divergence was observed within tandem clusters and between paralogous gene pairs,
      suggesting that subfunctionalization has taken place among duplicate genes. The
      two domains of GST proteins appear to have evolved under differential selective
      pressures. The C-terminal domain seems to have been subject to more relaxed
      functional constraints or divergent directional selection, which may have allowed
      rapid changes in substrate specificity, affinity, and activity, while maintaining
      the primary function of the enzyme. Our findings shed light on mechanisms that
      facilitate the retention of duplicate genes, which can result in a large gene
      family with a broad substrate spectrum and a wide range of reactivity toward
      different substrates.

PMID- 19996378
TI  - Clinical characteristics and genetic background of congenital long-QT syndrome
      diagnosed in fetal, neonatal, and infantile life: a nationwide questionnaire
      survey in Japan.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Data on the clinical presentation and genotype-phenotype correlation
      of patients with congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) diagnosed at perinatal
      through infantile period are limited. A nationwide survey was conducted to
      characterize how LQTS detected during those periods is different from that in
      childhood or adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using questionnaires, 58 cases
      were registered from 33 institutions. Diagnosis (or suspicion) of LQTS was made
      during fetal life (n=18), the neonatal period (n=31, 18 of them at 0 to 2 days of
      life), and beyond the neonatal period (n=9). Clinical presentation of LQTS
      included sinus bradycardia (n=37), ventricular tachycardia/torsades de pointes
      (n=27), atrioventricular block (n=23), family history of LQTS (n=21), sudden
      cardiac death/aborted cardiac arrest (n=14), convulsion (n=5), syncope (n=5), and
      others. Genetic testing was available in 41 (71%) cases, and the genotype was
      confirmed in 29 (71%) cases, consisting of LQT1 (n=11), LQT2 (n=11), LQT3 (n=6),
      and LQT8 (n=1). Ventricular tachycardia/torsades de pointes and atrioventricular
      block were almost exclusively observed in patients with LQT2, LQT3, and LQT8, as
      well as in those with no known mutation. In LQT1 patients, clues to diagnosis
      were mostly sinus bradycardia or family history of LQTS. Sudden cardiac
      death/aborted cardiac arrest (n=14) was noted in 4 cases with no known mutations
      as well as in 4 genotyped cases, although the remaining 6 did not undergo
      genotyping. Their subsequent clinical course after aborted cardiac arrest was
      favorable with administration of beta-blockers and mexiletine and with pacemaker
      implantation/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with
      LQTS who showed life-threatening arrhythmias at perinatal periods were mostly
      those with LQT2, LQT3, or no known mutations. Independent of the genotype,
      aggressive intervention resulted in effective suppression of arrhythmias, with
      only 7 deaths recorded.

PMID- 19996379
TI  - Multiple arrhythmogenic foci associated with the development of perpetuation of
      atrial fibrillation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The presence of multiple arrhythmogenic sources may be associated
      with the perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this study, we investigated
      the hypothesis that multiple foci might be involved in the development of AF
      persistency. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred fourteen consecutive patients with
      AF undergoing catheter ablation were enrolled in this study. The location of the
      arrhythmogenic foci was determined using simultaneous recordings from multipolar
      catheters before and after pulmonary vein isolation during an isoproterenol
      administration. We detected 500 arrhythmogenic foci (263 foci as AF initiators,
      and 237 foci as non-AF initiators). High-dose isoproterenol infusions (ranging
      from 2 to 20 microg/min) revealed potential arrhythmogenic foci, especially non
      pulmonary vein foci (55%). Persistent AF was more highly associated with an
      incidence of multiple (>2) foci than paroxysmal AF (88% versus 65%, P=0.002), and
      a multivariate analysis demonstrated that multiple foci (>2) were an independent
      contributing factor for persistent AF (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 4.69;
      1.82 to 12.09, P<0.001). In paroxysmal AF, the number of foci was higher in
      patients with long-term AF (>24 hours) than in those with short-lasting AF
      (2.64+/-0.14 versus 1.77+/-0.16, P=0.001). In the persistent AF group, the
      patients with short-lasting AF (<12 months) had a greater number of foci than did
      those with long-term AF (>12 months) (3.62+/-0.15 versus 1.92+/-0.16, P=0.04).
      CONCLUSIONS: Multiple foci were likely to be involved in the development of
      persistent AF. However, if AF persisted for >12 months, they may not have had a
      significant effect on the AF perpetuation.

PMID- 19996380
TI  - Magnetic resonance tissue phase mapping of myocardial motion: new insight in age
      and gender.
AB  - BACKGROUND: An exact understanding of normal age- and gender-matched regional
      myocardial performance is an essential prerequisite for the diagnosis of heart
      disease. Magnetic resonance phase-contrast imaging (tissue phase mapping)
      enabling the analysis of segmental, 3-directional myocardial velocities with high
      temporal resolution (13.8 ms) was used to assess left ventricular motion. METHODS
      AND RESULTS: Radial, long-axis, and rotational myocardial velocities were
      acquired in 58 healthy volunteers (3 age groups, 29 women) in left ventricular
      basal, midventricular, and apical short-axis locations. For increased age,
      reduced (P<0.003) and prolonged long-axis and radial velocities (P<0.05) during
      diastole and reduced long-axis velocities (P<0.001) and apical rotation (P<0.005)
      during systole were found for both genders. Women demonstrated a reduced systolic
      twist (P=0.009), apical rotation (P=0.01), and systolic radial velocities
      (P<0.02) compared with men. Segmental analysis of long-axis motion with aging
      revealed differences in regional reduction of systolic (lateral 52% versus 30%)
      and diastolic (lateral 57% versus 41%) velocities in women compared with men. In
      basal segments, young women demonstrated higher long-axis velocities (+11% during
      diastole) than men, whereas this difference was reversed in older subjects (same
      segments, -20%). In addition, increased age resulted in a prolonged time to peak
      diastolic apical rotation (P<0.04) in women compared with men. CONCLUSIONS: Age
      and gender strongly influence regional myocardial motion. Tissue phase mapping
      provides a comprehensive quantitative analysis of all myocardial velocities with
      high temporal and spatial resolution. The knowledge of the detected age- and
      gender-related differences in myocardial motion is fundamental for further
      investigations of cardiac disease. Clinical Trial Registration-
      http://www.zks.uni-freiburg.de/uklreg/php/suchergebnis_all.php. Identifier:
      UKF001739.

PMID- 19996381
TI  - SIRT1 inhibits inflammatory pathways in macrophages and modulates insulin
      sensitivity.
AB  - Chronic inflammation is an important etiology underlying obesity-related
      disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and recent findings
      indicate that the macrophage can be the initiating cell type responsible for this
      chronic inflammatory state. The mammalian silent information regulator 2 homolog
      SIRT1 modulates several physiological processes important for life span, and a
      potential role of SIRT1 in the regulation of insulin sensitivity has been shown.
      However, with respect to inflammation, the role of SIRT1 in regulating the
      proinflammatory pathway within macrophages is poorly understood. Here, we show
      that knockdown of SIRT1 in the mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell line and in
      intraperitoneal macrophages broadly activates the JNK and IKK inflammatory
      pathways and increases LPS-stimulated TNFalpha secretion. Moreover, gene
      expression profiles reveal that SIRT1 knockdown leads to an increase in
      inflammatory gene expression. We also demonstrate that SIRT1 activators inhibit
      LPS-stimulated inflammatory pathways, as well as secretion of TNFalpha, in a
      SIRT1-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells and in primary intraperitoneal
      macrophages. Treatment of Zucker fatty rats with a SIRT1 activator leads to
      greatly improved glucose tolerance, reduced hyperinsulinemia, and enhanced
      systemic insulin sensitivity during glucose clamp studies. These in vivo insulin
      sensitizing effects were accompanied by a reduction in tissue inflammation
      markers and a decrease in the adipose tissue macrophage proinflammatory state,
      fully consistent with the in vitro effects of SIRT1 in macrophages. In
      conclusion, these results define a novel role for SIRT1 as an important regulator
      of macrophage inflammatory responses in the context of insulin resistance and
      raise the possibility that targeting of SIRT1 might be a useful strategy for
      treating the inflammatory component of metabolic diseases.

PMID- 19996383
TI  - Increased rate of whole body lipolysis before and after 9 days of bed rest in
      healthy young men born with low birth weight.
AB  - Individuals born with low birth weight (LBW) are at risk of developing type 2
      diabetes mellitus (T2D), which may be precipitated by physical inactivity. Twenty
      two LBW subjects and twenty-three controls were studied before and after bed rest
      by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry and
      infusion of stable isotope tracers and preceded by an intravenous glucose
      tolerance test. LBW subjects had a similar body mass index but elevated abdominal
      obesity compared with controls. The basal rate of whole body lipolysis (WBL) was
      elevated in LBW subjects with and without correction for abdominal obesity before
      and after bed rest (all P = 0.01). Skeletal muscle hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)
      protein expression and phosphorylation at Ser565 were similar in the two groups.
      Bed rest resulted in a decrease in WBL and an increased skeletal muscle HSL
      Ser565 phosphorylation indicating a decreased HSL activity in both groups. All
      subjects developed peripheral insulin resistance in response to bed rest (all P <
      0.0001) with no differences between groups. LBW subjects developed hepatic
      insulin resistance in response to bed rest. In conclusion, increased WBL may
      contribute to the development of hepatic insulin resistance when exposed to bed
      rest in LBW subjects. Nine days of bed rest causes severe peripheral insulin
      resistance and reduced WBL and skeletal muscle HSL activity, as well as a
      compensatory increased insulin secretion, with no differences in LBW subjects and
      controls.

PMID- 19996382
TI  - Mammalian Tribbles homolog 3 impairs insulin action in skeletal muscle: role in
      glucose-induced insulin resistance.
AB  - Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) was found to inhibit insulin-stimulated Akt
      phosphorylation and modulate gluconeogenesis in rodent liver. Currently, we
      examined a role for TRIB3 in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Ten insulin
      sensitive, ten insulin-resistant, and ten untreated type 2 diabetic (T2DM)
      patients were metabolically characterized by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose
      clamps, and biopsies of vastus lateralis were obtained. Skeletal muscle samples
      were also collected from rodent models including streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
      diabetic rats, db/db mice, and Zucker fatty rats. Finally, L6 muscle cells were
      used to examine regulation of TRIB3 by glucose, and stable cell lines
      hyperexpressing TRIB3 were generated to identify mechanisms underlying TRIB3
      induced insulin resistance. We found that 1) skeletal muscle TRIB3 protein levels
      are significantly elevated in T2DM patients; 2) muscle TRIB3 protein content is
      inversely correlated with glucose disposal rates and positively correlated with
      fasting glucose; 3) skeletal muscle TRIB3 protein levels are increased in STZ
      diabetic rats, db/db mice, and Zucker fatty rats; 4) stable TRIB3 hyperexpression
      in muscle cells blocks insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose
      transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and impairs phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and
      insulin receptor substrate-1 in insulin signal transduction; and 5) TRIB3 mRNA
      and protein levels are increased by high glucose concentrations, as well as by
      glucose deprivation in muscle cells. These data identify TRIB3 induction as a
      novel molecular mechanism in human insulin resistance and diabetes. TRIB3 acts as
      a nutrient sensor and could mediate the component of insulin resistance
      attributable to hyperglycemia (i.e., glucose toxicity) in diabetes.

PMID- 19996384
TI  - Exercise maintains euglycemia in association with decreased activation of c-Jun
      NH2-terminal kinase and serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the liver of ZDF rats.
AB  - Stress-activated systems and oxidative stress are involved in insulin resistance,
      which, along with beta-cell failure, contribute to the development of type 2
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise improves insulin resistance and glucose
      tolerance, and these adaptations may, in part, be related to reductions in
      inflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated circulating and tissue
      specific markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and insulin-signaling
      pathways in a rodent model of T2DM, the Zucker diabetic fatty rat, with and
      without voluntary exercise. At 5 wk of age, Zucker diabetic fatty rats (n = 8
      9/group) were divided into basal (B), voluntary exercise (E), and sedentary
      control (S) groups. B rats were euthanized at 6 wk of age, and S and E rats were
      euthanized 10 wk later. E rats ran approximately 5 km/day, which improved insulin
      sensitivity and maintained fed and fasted glucose levels and glucose tolerance.
      Ten weeks of exercise also decreased whole body markers of inflammation and
      oxidative stress in plasma and liver, including lowered circulating IL-6,
      haptoglobin, and malondialdehyde levels, hepatic protein oxidation, and
      phosphorylated JNK, the latter indicating decreased JNK activity. Hepatic
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase levels and Ser(307)-phosphorylated insulin
      receptor substrate-1 were also reduced in E compared with S rats. In summary, we
      show that, in a rodent model of T2DM, voluntary exercise decreases circulating
      markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and lowers hepatic JNK activation
      and Ser(307)-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1. These changes in
      oxidative stress markers and inflammation are associated with decreased
      hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and reduced expression of the main
      gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

PMID- 19996385
TI  - LXR{beta} is the dominant LXR subtype in skeletal muscle regulating lipogenesis
      and cholesterol efflux.
AB  - Liver X receptors (LXRs) are important regulators of cholesterol, lipid, and
      glucose metabolism and have been extensively studied in liver, macrophages, and
      adipose tissue. However, their role in skeletal muscle is poorly studied and the
      functional role of each of the LXRalpha and LXRbeta subtypes in skeletal muscle
      is at present unknown. To study the importance of each of the receptor subtypes,
      myotube cultures derived from wild-type (WT) and LXRalpha and LXRbeta knockout
      (KO) mice were established. The present study showed that treatment with the LXR
      agonist T0901317 increased lipogenesis and apoA1-dependent cholesterol efflux in
      LXRalpha KO and WT myotubes but not in LXRbeta KO cells. The functional studies
      were confirmed by T0901317-induced increase in mRNA levels of LXR target genes
      involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in myotubes established from WT and
      LXRalpha KO mice, whereas only minor changes were observed for these genes in
      myotubes from LXRbeta KO mice. Gene expression analysis using microarrays showed
      that very few genes other than the classical, well-known LXR target genes were
      regulated by LXR in skeletal muscle. The present study also showed that basal
      glucose uptake was increased in LXRbeta KO myotubes compared with WT myotubes,
      suggesting a role for LXRbeta in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. In
      conclusion, LXRbeta seems to be the main LXR subtype regulating lipogenesis and
      cholesterol efflux in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 19996386
TI  - On the role of glucose-dependent insulintropic polypeptide in postprandial
      metabolism in humans.
AB  - We investigated the role of glucose-dependent insulintropic polypeptide (GIP) in
      the regulation of gastric emptying (GE), appetite, energy intake (EI), energy
      expenditure (EE), plasma levels of triglycerides (TAG), and free fatty acids
      (FFA) in humans. First, 20 healthy males received intravenous infusion of GIP
      (0.8 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) or saline for 300 min during and after a fixed meal
      (protocol 1). GE was measured using paracetamol, appetite sensations using visual
      analog scales, EE using indirect calorimetry, and EI during a subsequent ad
      libitum meal (at 300 min). Next, 10 healthy males received intravenous infusions
      of Intralipid, glucose, or Intralipid plus glucose, with and without GIP (1.5
      pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) for 300 min (protocol 2). In protocol 1, GIP did not have
      any effect on GE, EI, EE, removal of TAG, or FFA and did not influence the
      subjective feeling of hunger, satiety, fullness or prospective food consumption
      compared with saline. In protocol 2, no difference was seen in the plasma TAG on
      Intralipid + GIP/saline and Intralipid + glucose + GIP/saline days. FFA
      concentrations were lower on Intralipid + glucose + GIP/saline days (P < 0.05)
      compared with Intralipid + GIP/saline days and on Intralipid + GIP day (P <
      0.004) compared with Intralipid + saline day. Insulin increased on all GIP days
      compared with saline days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, while confirming its
      insulinotropic effects, these data suggest that GIP does not affect GE, appetite,
      energy intake, EE, or the clearance rate of the applied TAG formulation in
      humans. However, both insulin and GIP lower post-Intralipid FFA concentration,
      GIP probably via stimulation of insulin secretion, increasing FFA
      reesterification.

PMID- 19996388
TI  - Prolonged moderate-intensity aerobic exercise does not alter apoptotic signaling
      and DNA fragmentation in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - Apoptosis in skeletal muscle plays an important role in age- and disease-related
      tissue dysfunction. Physical activity can influence apoptotic signaling; however,
      this process has not been well studied in human skeletal muscle. The purpose of
      this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of apoptosis-related
      proteins/enzymes, DNA fragmentation, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of
      humans during an acute bout of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. Eight
      healthy, recreationally active individuals (age 20.8 +/- 0.5 yr, Vo(2peak) 51.2
      +/- 0.9 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), BMI 21.5 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)) exercised on a cycle
      ergometer at approximately 60% Vo(2peak) for 2 h. Muscle biopsies were obtained
      at rest as well as at 60 and 120 min of exercise. Although exercise was
      associated with a significant whole body and muscle metabolic response, there
      were no significant changes in the content of antiapoptotic (ARC, Bcl-2, Hsp70,
      XIAP) and proapoptotic (AIF, Bax, Smac) proteins, activity of proteolytic enzymes
      (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9), DNA fragmentation, or TUNEL-positive nuclei in
      skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the protein levels of several antioxidant enzymes
      (catalase, CuZnSOD, MnSOD), concentrations of GSH and GSSG, and degree of ROS
      generation in skeletal muscle were not altered by exercise. Fiber type-specific
      analysis also revealed that ARC (P < 0.001) and Hsp70 (P < 0.05) protein were
      significantly higher in type I compared with type IIA and type IIAX/X fibers;
      however, protein levels were not affected by exercise. These findings suggest
      that a single bout of prolonged moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is not
      sufficient to alter apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle of healthy humans.

PMID- 19996387
TI  - Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 gene transcription by members of
      the purine-rich element-binding protein family.
AB  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH1) controls reproduction by stimulating the
      release of gonadotropins from the pituitary. To characterize regulatory factors
      governing GnRH1 gene expression, we employed biochemical and bioinformatics
      techniques to identify novel GnRH1 promoter-binding proteins from the brain of
      the cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni (A. burtoni). Using an in vitro DNA
      binding assay followed by mass spectrometric peptide mapping, we identified two
      members of the purine-rich element-binding (Pur) protein family, Puralpha and
      Purbeta, as candidates for GnRH1 promoter binding and regulation. We found that
      transcripts for both Puralpha and Purbeta colocalize in GnRH1-expressing neurons
      in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus in A. burtoni brain. Furthermore, we
      confirmed in vivo binding of endogenous Puralpha and Purbeta to the upstream
      region of the GnRH1 gene in A. burtoni brain and mouse neuronal GT1-7 cells.
      Consistent with the relative promoter occupancy exhibited by endogenous Pur
      proteins, overexpression of Purbeta, but not Puralpha, significantly
      downregulated GnRH1 mRNA levels in transiently transfected GT1-7 cells,
      suggesting that Purbeta acts as a repressor of GnRH1 gene transcription.

PMID- 19996389
TI  - Metabolic functions of atypical protein kinase C: "good" and "bad" as defined by
      nutritional status.
AB  - Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isoforms mediate insulin effects on glucose
      transport in muscle and adipose tissues and lipid synthesis in liver and support
      other metabolic processes, expression of enzymes needed for islet insulin
      secretion and hepatic glucose production/release, CNS appetite suppression, and
      inflammatory responses. In muscle, selective aPKC deficiency impairs glucose
      uptake and produces insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which, by activating
      hepatic aPKC, provokes inordinate increases in lipid synthesis and produces
      typical "metabolic syndrome" features. In contrast, hepatic aPKC deficiency
      diminishes lipid synthesis and protects against metabolic syndrome features.
      Unfortunately, aPKC is deficient in muscle but paradoxically conserved in liver
      in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus; this combination is particularly
      problematic because it promotes lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities.
      Accordingly, metabolic effects of aPKCs can be "good" or "bad," depending upon
      nutritional status; thus, muscle glucose uptake, islet insulin secretion, hepatic
      glucose and lipid production/release, and adipose fat synthesis/storage would be
      important for survival during periods of limited food availability and therefore
      be "good." However, during times of food surfeit, excessive activation of hepatic
      aPKC, whether caused by overnutrition or impairments in extrahepatic effects of
      insulin, would lead to inordinate increases in hepatic lipid synthesis and
      metabolic syndrome features and therefore be "bad." In keeping with these ideas,
      the inhibition of hepatic aPKC markedly ameliorates lipid and carbohydrate
      abnormalities in experimental models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We postulate
      that a similar approach may be useful for treating humans.

PMID- 19996390
TI  - The cover. Moon landscape.

PMID- 19996391
TI  - A piece of my mind. Don't touch me.

PMID- 19996392
TI  - No easy answers for physicians caring for pregnant women with depression.

PMID- 19996393
TI  - FDA focuses on quality-of-life issues for patients following LASIK surgery.

PMID- 19996394
TI  - Diet, exercise habits, and risk of Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 19996395
TI  - Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline.

PMID- 19996396
TI  - Screening for intimate partner violence.

PMID- 19996397
TI  - The investigator-participant relationship.

PMID- 19996398
TI  - Soy food intake and breast cancer survival.
AB  - CONTEXT: Soy foods are rich in isoflavones, a major group of phytoestrogens that
      have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, the estrogen
      like effect of isoflavones and the potential interaction between isoflavones and
      tamoxifen have led to concern about soy food consumption among breast cancer
      patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of soy food intake after
      diagnosis of breast cancer with total mortality and cancer recurrence. DESIGN,
      SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, a large,
      population-based cohort study of 5042 female breast cancer survivors in China.
      Women aged 20 to 75 years with diagnoses between March 2002 and April 2006 were
      recruited and followed up through June 2009. Information on cancer diagnosis and
      treatment, lifestyle exposures after cancer diagnosis, and disease progression
      was collected at approximately 6 months after cancer diagnosis and was reassessed
      at 3 follow-up interviews conducted at 18, 36, and 60 months after diagnosis.
      Annual record linkage with the Shanghai Vital Statistics Registry database was
      carried out to obtain survival information for participants who were lost to
      follow-up. Medical charts were reviewed to verify disease and treatment
      information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total mortality and breast cancer recurrence
      or breast cancer-related deaths. Cox regression analysis was carried out with
      adjustment for known clinical predictors and other lifestyle factors. Soy food
      intake was treated as a time-dependent variable. RESULTS: During the median
      follow-up of 3.9 years (range, 0.5-6.2 years), 444 deaths and 534 recurrences or
      breast cancer-related deaths were documented in 5033 surgically treated breast
      cancer patients. Soy food intake, as measured by either soy protein or soy
      isoflavone intake, was inversely associated with mortality and recurrence. The
      hazard ratio associated with the highest quartile of soy protein intake was 0.71
      (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.92) for total mortality and 0.68 (95% CI,
      0.54-0.87) for recurrence compared with the lowest quartile of intake. The
      multivariate-adjusted 4-year mortality rates were 10.3% and 7.4%, and the 4-year
      recurrence rates were 11.2% and 8.0%, respectively, for women in the lowest and
      highest quartiles of soy protein intake. The inverse association was evident
      among women with either estrogen receptor-positive or -negative breast cancer and
      was present in both users and nonusers of tamoxifen. CONCLUSION: Among women with
      breast cancer, soy food consumption was significantly associated with decreased
      risk of death and recurrence.

PMID- 19996399
TI  - Relationship of primary care physicians' patient caseload with measurement of
      quality and cost performance.
AB  - CONTEXT: Sufficient numbers of patients are necessary to generate statistically
      reliable measurements of physicians' quality and cost performance. OBJECTIVE: To
      determine whether primary care physicians in the same physician practice
      collectively see enough Medicare patients annually to detect meaningful
      differences between practices in ambulatory quality and cost measures. DESIGN,
      SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Primary care physicians in the United States were linked
      to their physician practices using the Healthcare Organization Services database
      maintained by IMS Health. Patients who visited primary care physicians in the
      2005 Medicare Part B 20% sample were used to estimate Medicare caseloads per
      practice. Caseloads necessary to detect 10% relative differences in costs and
      quality were calculated using national mean ambulatory Medicare spending, rates
      of mammography for women 66 to 69 years, and hemoglobin A(1c) testing for 66- to
      75-year-olds with diabetes, preventable hospitalization rate, and 30-day
      readmission rate after discharge for congestive heart failure (CHF). MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Percentage of primary care physician practices with a sufficient number
      of eligible patients to detect a 10% relative difference in each performance
      measure. RESULTS: Primary care physician practices had annual median caseloads of
      260 Medicare patients (interquartile range [IQR], 135-500), 25 women eligible for
      mammography (IQR, 10-50), 30 patients with diabetes eligible for hemoglobin A(1c)
      testing (IQR, 15-55), and 0 patients hospitalized for CHF. For ambulatory costs,
      mammography rate, and hemoglobin A(1c) testing rate, the percentage of primary
      care physician practices with sufficient caseloads to detect 10% relative
      differences in performance ranged from less than 10% of practices with fewer than
      11 primary care physicians to 100% of practices with more than 50 primary care
      physicians. None of the primary care physician practices had sufficient caseloads
      to detect 10% relative differences in preventable hospitalization or 30-day
      readmission after discharge for CHF. CONCLUSION: Relatively few primary care
      physician practices are large enough to reliably measure 10% relative differences
      in common measures of quality and cost performance among fee-for-service Medicare
      patients.

PMID- 19996400
TI  - High-flow oxygen for treatment of cluster headache: a randomized trial.
AB  - CONTEXT: Cluster headache is an excruciatingly painful primary headache syndrome,
      with attacks of unilateral pain and cranial autonomic symptoms. The current
      licensed treatment for acute attacks is subcutaneous sumatriptan. OBJECTIVE: To
      ascertain whether high-flow inhaled oxygen was superior to placebo in the acute
      treatment of cluster headache. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A double-blind,
      randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 109 adults (aged 18-70 years)
      with cluster headache as defined by the International Headache Society. Patients
      treated 4 headache episodes with high-flow inhaled oxygen or placebo,
      alternately. Patients were randomized to the order in which they received the
      active treatment or placebo. Patients were recruited and followed up between 2002
      and 2007 at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London,
      England. INTERVENTION: Inhaled oxygen at 100%, 12 L/min, delivered by face mask,
      for 15 minutes at the start of an attack of cluster headache or high-flow air
      placebo delivered alternately for 4 attacks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary
      end point was to render the patient pain free, or in the absence of a diary to
      have adequate relief, at 15 minutes. Secondary end points included rendering the
      patient pain free at 30 minutes, reduction in pain up to 60 minutes, need for
      rescue medication 15 minutes after treatment, overall response to the treatment
      and overall functional disability, and effect on associated symptoms. RESULTS:
      Fifty-seven patients with episodic cluster headache and 19 with chronic cluster
      headache were available for the analysis. For the primary end point the
      difference between oxygen, 78% (95% confidence interval, 71%-85% for 150 attacks)
      and air, 20% (95% confidence interval, 14%-26%; for 148 attacks) was significant
      (Wald test, chi(5)(2) = 66.7, P < .001). There were no important adverse events.
      CONCLUSION: Treatment of patients with cluster headache at symptom onset using
      inhaled high-flow oxygen compared with placebo was more likely to result in being
      pain-free at 15 minutes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org Identifier:
      ISRCTN94092997.

PMID- 19996401
TI  - Contraindicated medication use in dialysis patients undergoing percutaneous
      coronary intervention.
AB  - CONTEXT: The US Food and Drug Administration guides clinicians through drug
      labeling of medications that are contraindicated or not recommended for use in
      specific patient groups. Little is known about the use of such medications and
      their effects on outcomes in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use
      of the contraindicated/not-recommended agents enoxaparin and eptifibatide among
      dialysis patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and their
      association with outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data from 829 US
      hospitals on 22 778 dialysis patients who underwent PCI between January 1, 2004,
      and August 31, 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In-hospital bleeding and death.
      RESULTS: Five thousand eighty-four patients (22.3%) received a contraindicated
      antithrombotic; of these patients, 2375 (46.7%) received enoxaparin, 3261 (64.1%)
      received eptifibatide, and 552 (10.9%) received both. Compared with patients who
      did not receive a contraindicated antithrombotic, patients who did had higher
      rates of in-hospital bleeding (5.6% vs 2.9%; odds ratio [OR], 1.93; 95%
      confidence interval [CI],1.66-2.23) and death (6.5% vs 3.9%; OR, 1.68; 95% CI,
      1.46-1.95). After multivariable adjustment, patients receiving contraindicated
      antithrombotics had significantly higher risks of in-hospital bleeding (OR, 1.66;
      95% CI, 1.43-1.92) and death (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.48). In 10 158 patients
      matched by propensity scores, receipt of contraindicated antithrombotics remained
      significantly associated with in-hospital bleeding (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.35-1.98)
      but not in-hospital death (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.97-1.36). CONCLUSIONS: In a sample
      of dialysis patients undergoing PCI, 22.3% received a contraindicated
      antithrombotic medication. In propensity-matched analysis, receipt of these
      medications was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital
      major bleeding.

PMID- 19996402
TI  - Statewide newborn screening for severe T-cell lymphopenia.
AB  - CONTEXT: A newborn blood screening (NBS) test that could identify infants with a
      profound deficiency of T cells may result in a reduction in mortality. OBJECTIVE:
      To determine if quantitating T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) using real
      time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from dried blood
      spots on NBS cards can detect infants with T-cell lymphopenia in a statewide
      program. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Between January 1 and December 31,
      2008, the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene screened all infants born in
      Wisconsin for T-cell lymphopenia by quantitating the number of TRECs contained in
      a 3.2-mm punch (approximately 3 microL of whole blood) of the NBS card. Flow
      cytometry to enumerate the number of T cells was performed on full-term infants
      and preterm infants when they reached the equivalent of at least 37 weeks'
      gestation with TREC values of less than 25/microL. Infants with T-cell
      lymphopenia were evaluated by a clinical immunologist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The
      number of infants with TREC values of less than 25/microL with T-cell lymphopenia
      confirmed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Exactly 71,000 infants were screened by the
      TREC assay. Seventeen infants aged at least 37 weeks' gestation had at least 1
      abnormal TREC assay (TREC values < 25/microL), 11 of whom had samples analyzed by
      flow cytometry to enumerate T cells. Eight infants demonstrated T-cell
      lymphopenia. The causes of the T-cell lymphopenia included DiGeorge syndrome (n =
      2), idiopathic T-cell lymphopenia (n = 2), extravascular extravasation of
      lymphocytes (n = 3), and a Rac2 mutation (n = 1). The infant with the Rac2
      mutation underwent successful cord blood transplantation. CONCLUSION: In a
      statewide screening program, use of the TREC assay performed on NBS cards was
      able to identify infants with T-cell lymphopenia.

PMID- 19996403
TI  - Use of genetics in the clinical evaluation of cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Inherited forms of cardiomyopathy are frequently responsible for heart failure
      that is otherwise unexplained. Evaluation of familial cardiomyopathy should
      include not only the individual patient, but also the pattern of inheritance
      within the family and assessment for the presence of syndromic features. The last
      10 years have seen remarkable advances in genetics. Improvements in technology
      have lowered costs, such that clinical use of genetic testing is rapidly
      expanding. Genetic counseling about the potential risks and benefits of such
      testing is an important part of the care of individuals and families with
      inherited heart disease. Among inherited types of cardiomyopathy, the likelihood
      of finding a responsible gene mutation varies. Both hypertrophic and right
      ventricular forms of cardiomyopathy have a relatively high likelihood of finding
      a responsible gene mutation when testing is properly applied. Because of
      prominent genetic heterogeneity in familial dilated cardiomyopathy, recognition
      of pathogenic mutations is more challenging. With or without genetic testing,
      screening of family members who are at risk for an inherited form of
      cardiomyopathy leads to earlier identification, earlier treatment, and improved
      outcomes.

PMID- 19996404
TI  - Artificially sweetened beverages: cause for concern.

PMID- 19996405
TI  - Treatment of sickle cell pain: fostering trust and justice.

PMID- 19996406
TI  - Eliminating "waste" in health care.

PMID- 19996407
TI  - Challenges in design and interpretation of observational research on health
      behaviors and cancer survival.

PMID- 19996408
TI  - Measuring physicians' quality and performance: adrift on Lake Wobegon.

PMID- 19996409
TI  - JAMA patient page. Cluster headache.

PMID- 19996410
TI  - Induction of myeloproliferative disorder and myelofibrosis by thrombopoietin
      receptor W515 mutants is mediated by cytosolic tyrosine 112 of the receptor.
AB  - Constitutively active JAK2V617F and thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR) W515L/K
      mutants are major determinants of human myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We
      show that a TpoRW515 mutation (W515A), which we detected in 2 myelofibrosis
      patients, and the Delta5TpoR active mutant, where the juxtamembrane R/KW(515)QFP
      motif is deleted, induce a myeloproliferative phenotype in mouse bone marrow
      reconstitution experiments. This phenotype required cytosolic Y112 of the TpoR.
      Phosphotyrosine immunoprofiling detected phosphorylated cytosolic TpoR Y78 and
      Y112 in cells expressing TpoRW515A. Mutation of cytosolic Y112 to phenylalanine
      prevented establishment of the in vivo phenotype and decreased constitutive
      active signaling by Delta5TpoR and TpoRW515A, especially via the mitogen
      activated protein (MAP)-kinase pathway, without decreasing Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)
      activation. In contrast, mutation of cytosolic Y78 to phenylalanine enhanced the
      myeloproliferative syndrome induced by the TpoRW515 mutants, by enhancing
      receptor-induced JAK2 activation. We propose that TpoR cytosolic phosphorylated
      Y112 and flanking sequences could become targets for pharmacologic inhibition in
      MPNs.

PMID- 19996411
TI  - Fluorinated per-acetylated GalNAc metabolically alters glycan structures on
      leukocyte PSGL-1 and reduces cell binding to selectins.
AB  - Novel strategies to control the binding of adhesion molecules belonging to the
      selectin family are required for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We
      tested the possibility that synthetic monosaccharide analogs can compete with
      naturally occurring sugars to alter the O-glycan content on human leukocyte cell
      surface selectin-ligand, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Resulting
      reduction in the sialyl Lewis-X-bearing epitopes on this ligand may reduce cell
      adhesion. Consistent with this hypothesis, 50muM per-acetylated 4F-GalNAc added
      to the growth media of promyelocytic HL-60 cells reduced the expression of the
      cutaneous lymphocyte associated-antigen (HECA-452 epitope) by 82% within 2 cell
      doubling cycles. Cell binding to all 3 selectins (L-, E-, and P-selectin) was
      reduced in vitro. 4F-GalNAc was metabolically incorporated into PSGL-1, and this
      was accompanied by an approximately 20% reduction in PSGL-1 glycan content. A 70%
      to 85% reduction in HECA-452 binding epitope and N-acetyl lactosamine content in
      PSGL-1 was also noted on 4F-GalNAc addition. Intravenous 4F-GalNAc infusion
      reduced leukocyte migration to the peritoneum in a murine model of thioglycolate
      induced peritonitis. Thus, the compound has pharmacologic activity. Overall, the
      data suggest that 4F-GalNAc may be applied as a metabolic inhibitor to reduce O
      linked glycosylation, sialyl Lewis-X formation, and leukocyte adhesion via the
      selectins.

PMID- 19996412
TI  - Efficacy of deferasirox in reducing and preventing cardiac iron overload in beta
      thalassemia.
AB  - Cardiac iron overload causes most deaths in beta-thalassemia major. The efficacy
      of deferasirox in reducing or preventing cardiac iron overload was assessed in
      192 patients with beta-thalassemia in a 1-year prospective, multicenter study.
      The cardiac iron reduction arm (n = 114) included patients with magnetic
      resonance myocardial T2* from 5 to 20 ms (indicating cardiac siderosis), left
      ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 56% or more, serum ferritin more than
      2500 ng/mL, liver iron concentration more than 10 mg Fe/g dry weight, and more
      than 50 transfused blood units. The prevention arm (n = 78) included otherwise
      eligible patients whose myocardial T2* was 20 ms or more. The primary end point
      was the change in myocardial T2* at 1 year. In the cardiac iron reduction arm,
      the mean deferasirox dose was 32.6 mg/kg per day. Myocardial T2* (geometric mean
      +/- coefficient of variation) improved from a baseline of 11.2 ms (+/- 40.5%) to
      12.9 ms (+/- 49.5%) (+16%; P < .001). LVEF (mean +/- SD) was unchanged: 67.4 (+/-
      5.7%) to 67.0 (+/- 6.0%) (-0.3%; P = .53). In the prevention arm, baseline
      myocardial T2* was unchanged from baseline of 32.0 ms (+/- 25.6%) to 32.5 ms (+/-
      25.1%) (+2%; P = .57) and LVEF increased from baseline 67.7 (+/- 4.7%) to 69.6
      (+/- 4.5%) (+1.8%; P < .001). This prospective study shows that deferasirox is
      effective in removing and preventing myocardial iron accumulation. This study is
      registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00171821.

PMID- 19996413
TI  - Impaired clot retraction in factor XIII A subunit-deficient mice.
AB  - Factor XIII (FXIII) is a plasma transglutaminase that cross-links fibrin
      monomers, alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor, and so forth. Congenital FXIII deficiency
      causes lifelong bleeding symptoms. To understand the molecular pathology of FXIII
      deficiency in vivo, its knockout mice have been functionally analyzed. Because
      prolonged bleeding times, a sign of defective/abnormal primary hemostasis, were
      commonly observed in 2 separate lines of FXIII A subunit (FXIII-A) knockout mice,
      a possible role or roles of FXIII in platelet-related function was investigated
      in the present study. Although platelet aggregation induced by adenosine
      diphosphate or collagen was normal, clot retraction (CR) was lost in the platelet
      rich plasma (PRP) of FXIII-A knockout mice. In contrast, there was no CR
      impairment in the PRP of tissue transglutaminase-knockout mice compared with that
      of wild-type mice. Furthermore, a transglutaminase inhibitor, cystamine, halted
      CR in the PRP of wild-type mice. These results indicate that the enzymatic
      activity of FXIII is necessary for CR, at least in mice.

PMID- 19996414
TI  - Single-cell analysis of the common lymphoid progenitor compartment reveals
      functional and molecular heterogeneity.
AB  - To investigate molecular events involved in the regulation of lymphoid lineage
      commitment, we crossed lambda5 reporter transgenic mice to Rag1-GFP knockin mice.
      This allowed us to subfractionate common lymphoid progenitors and pre-pro-B
      (fraction A) cells into lambda5(-)Rag1(low), lambda5(-)Rag1(high), and
      lambda5(+)Rag1(high) cells. Clonal in vitro differentiation analysis demonstrated
      that Rag1(low) cells gave rise to B/T and NK cells. Rag1(high) cells displayed
      reduced NK-cell potential with preserved capacity to generate B- and T-lineage
      cells, whereas the lambda5(+) cells were B-lineage restricted. Ebf1 and Pax5
      expression was largely confined to the Rag1(high) populations. These cells also
      expressed a higher level of the surface protein LY6D, providing an additional
      tool for the analysis of early lymphoid development. These data suggest that the
      classic common lymphoid progenitor compartment composes a mixture of cells with
      relatively restricted lineage potentials, thus opening new possibilities to
      investigate early hematopoiesis.

PMID- 19996416
TI  - Cognitive performance in nondemented nonpsychotic Parkinson disease patients with
      or without a history of depression prior to the onset of motor symptoms.
AB  - In Parkinson disease (PD), cognitive impairment is common, occurs mainly in the
      form of milder deficits (as opposed to dementia), and commonly coincides with
      depression. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated whether depression that
      existed before the onset of typical motor symptoms (pre-PD depression) reflected
      on the actual cognitive performance. Nondemented nonpsychotic PD patients with
      (test, n = 27) and without (control, n = 112) a history of pre-PD depression,
      caliper-matched for age, education, and disease duration were assessed for motor
      and nonmotor disease characteristics and in a battery of cognitive tests. Test
      patients had higher actual depression/anxiety levels. Gradual multivariate and
      mediation analysis indicated unfavorable effects of pre-PD depression on
      cognition: a direct effect on mental set shifting/response inhibition
      (independent of actual depression/ anxiety or other factors); and indirect
      effects on other cognitive domains mediated through the increased
      depression/anxiety. Data suggest that pre-PD depression favors poorer cognitive
      abilities in nondemented patients at a given time after PD has been diagnosed.

PMID- 19996415
TI  - Clinical outcome 2 years after intracoronary administration of bone marrow
      derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome 2 years
      after intracoronary administration of autologous progenitor cells in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a double
      blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial design, we randomized 204 patients
      with successfully reperfused AMI to receive intracoronary infusion of bone marrow
      derived progenitor cells (BMC) or placebo medium into the infarct artery 3 to 7
      days after successful infarct reperfusion therapy. At 2 years, the cumulative end
      point of death, myocardial infarction, or necessity for revascularization was
      significantly reduced in the BMC group compared with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.58;
      95% CI, 0.36 to 0.94; P=0.025). Likewise, the combined end point death and
      recurrence of myocardial infarction and rehospitalization for heart failure,
      reflecting progression toward heart failure, was significantly reduced in the BMC
      group (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.085 to 0.77; P=0.015). Intracoronary
      administration of BMC remained a significant predictor of a favorable clinical
      outcome by Cox regression analysis when adjusted for classical predictors of poor
      outcome after AMI. There was no evidence of increased restenosis or
      atherosclerotic disease progression after BMC therapy nor any evidence of
      increased ventricular arrhythmias or neoplasms. In addition, regional left
      ventricular contractility of infarcted segments, as assessed by MRI in a subgroup
      of patients at 2-year follow-up, was significantly higher in the BMC group
      compared with the placebo group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary
      administration of BMC is associated with a significant reduction of the
      occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events maintained for 2 years after
      AMI. Moreover, functional improvements after BMC therapy may persist for at least
      2 years. Larger studies focusing on clinical event rates are warranted to confirm
      the effects of BMC administration on mortality and progression of heart failure
      in patients with AMIs. Clinical Trial Registration- clinicaltrials.gov.
      Identifier: NCT00279175.

PMID- 19996417
TI  - Rapid malaria tests: where do we go after 20 years?
AB  - Great advances have been made in developing rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for
      diagnosing malaria. To date, RDTs present an exceedingly practical format for
      malaria diagnosis that outperforms traditional microscopy and more experimental
      next generation devices in the development pipeline. However, although use of
      such tests is accepted in principle, their actual use has lagged. Furthermore,
      study of how these tests perform, what their limitations are, and how to work
      with these limitations to still use them effectively has stagnated. We propose
      that the study and implementation of such RDTs should be aggressively advanced
      and propose a series of questions that can guide efforts.

PMID- 19996418
TI  - Congenital Chagas disease: estimating the potential risk in the United States.
AB  - Economic hardship and/or political turmoil stimulated migration of Trypanosoma
      cruzi-infected population from Latin American countries to the United States and
      Europe; originating cases of Chagas disease were transmitted through blood, organ
      donation, and vertical transmission. Hispanic immigrant women of reproductive age
      in the United States coming from Chagas disease-endemic countries accounted for
      2,384,644, and 5,841,538 in 1990 and 2000, respectively. Considering the
      prevalence rates for T. cruzi infection in their country of origin and the risk
      of newborns from infected mothers to acquire congenital infection as 1.33% and
      5%, we estimated that the number of T. cruzi-infected newborns was 85-318 in 1990
      and 166-638 in 2000. Diagnosis of infection in the mother and newborns at risk is
      needed. A high rate of cure is achieved, almost 100%, when the offspring is
      treated early. Health authorities, professional associations, physicians, and
      Hispanic groups should pay more attention to the subject.

PMID- 19996419
TI  - Case of thoracic and abdomino-pelvic lymphangiectasia caused by filariasis.

PMID- 19996420
TI  - Health seeking behavior after fever onset in a malaria-endemic area of Malawi.
AB  - Informal sources of care may lead to ineffective use of antimalarial drugs. A
      survey conducted in Malawi estimated the frequency of use of informal and formal
      services, medications, and household costs. A total of 508 household interviews
      were conducted. Treatment with an antimalarial was reported in 24% of young
      children accessing the informal sector and in 91% accessing formal services.
      Informal care was associated with shorter travel and waiting times, a lower
      proportion of carers or feverish adults missing work or studies and losing
      earnings, and a lower proportion of older children missing studies or work. Total
      out of pocket costs of fever episodes constitutes between 9% and 14% in young
      children and 18% in adults of their total available resources. Patients may
      perceive informal services to be associated with opportunity cost advantages;
      however, these may be associated with health risks of inadequate prescribing,
      particularly in young children.

PMID- 19996421
TI  - A temporal-spatial analysis of malaria transmission in Adama, Ethiopia.
AB  - Urban malaria is a growing problem in Africa. Small-scale spatial studies are
      useful in identifying foci of malaria transmission in urban communities. A
      population-based cohort study comprising 8,088 individuals was conducted in
      Adama, Ethiopia. During a single malaria season, the Kulldorff scan statistic
      identified one temporally stable spatial malaria cluster within 350 m of a major
      Anopheles breeding site. Factors associated with malaria incidence were
      residential proximity to vector breeding site, poor house condition (incidence
      rate ratio [IRR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 2.9), and a high
      level of vegetation (IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 3.3). Maximum (IRR = 1.4, 95% CI =
      1.1, 1.9) and minimum daily temperatures (degrees C; IRR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2,
      1.5) were positively associated with malaria incidence after a 1-month delay.
      Rainfall was positively associated with malaria incidence after a 10-day delay.
      Findings support the use of small scale mapping and targeted vector control in
      urban malaria control programs in Africa.

PMID- 19996422
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in the Peruvian Amazon:
      propagation of complex, multiple allele-type infections without super-infection.
AB  - Outcrossing potential between Plasmodium parasites is defined by the population
      level diversity (PLD) and complexity of infection (COI). There have been few
      studies of PLD and COI in low transmission regions. Since the 1995-1998 Peruvian
      Amazon epidemic, there has been sustained transmission with < 0.5 P. falciparum
      and < 1.6 P. vivax infections/person/year. Using weekly active case detection, we
      described PLD by heterozygosity (H(e)) and COI using P. falciparum Pfmsp1-B2 and
      P. vivax Pvmsp3alpha. Not being homologous genes, we limited comparisons to
      within species. P. falciparum (N = 293) had low (H(e) = 0.581) and P. vivax (N =
      186) had high (H(e) = 0.845) PLD. A total of 9.5% P. falciparum infections and
      26.3% P. vivax infections had COI > 1. Certain allele types were in more mixed
      infections than expected by chance. The few appearances of new alleles could be
      explained by stochastic polymerase chain reaction detection or
      synchronization/sequestration. The results suggest propagation of mixed
      infections by multiple inocula, not super-infection, implying decade-long
      opportunity for outcrossing in these mixed infections.

PMID- 19996423
TI  - Recurrent parasitemias and population dynamics of Plasmodium vivax polymorphisms
      in rural Amazonia.
AB  - Clinical trials documented alarming post-treatment Plasmodium vivax recurrence
      rates caused by recrudescence of surviving asexual blood stages, relapse from
      hypnozoites, or new infections. Here we describe high rates of P. vivax
      recurrence (26-40% 180 days after treatment) in two cohorts of rural Amazonians
      exposed to low levels of malaria transmission after a vivax malaria episode
      treated with chloroquine-primaquine. Microsatellite analysis of 28 paired acute
      infection and recurrence parasites showed only two pairs of identical haplotypes
      (consistent with recrudescences or reactivation of homologous hypnozoites) and
      four pairs of related haplotypes (sharing alleles at 11-13 of 14 microsatellites
      analyzed). Local isolates of P. vivax were extraordinarily diverse and rarely
      shared the same haplotype, indicating that frequent recurrences did not favor the
      persistence or reappearance of clonal lineages of parasites in the population.
      This fast haplotype replacement rate may represent the typical population
      dynamics of neutral polymorphisms in parasites from low-endemicity areas.

PMID- 19996424
TI  - Chlorproguanil-dapsone-artesunate versus chlorproguanil-dapsone: a randomized,
      double-blind, phase III trial in African children, adolescents, and adults with
      uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
AB  - This multi-center, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study
      compared the efficacy and safety of chlorproguanil-dapsone-artesunate (CDA) and
      chlorproguanil-dapsone (CPG-DDS) in the treatment of falciparum malaria in Africa
      (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria). Six hundred patients (>or= 1 year of age)
      received CDA 2.0/2.5/4.0 mg/kg, and 292 CPG-DDS 2.0/2.5 mg/kg, once daily for 3
      days. Day 28 parasitologic cure rate (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]-corrected,
      per-protocol population) was 89.1% (416/467) for CDA, non-inferior but also
      superior to CPG-DDS, 83.0% (176/212) (treatment difference 6.1%; 95% confidence
      interval [CI] 0.3, 11.9). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) genotype was
      available for 844/892 (95%) patients. Occurrences of a composite hemoglobin
      safety endpoint (hemoglobin drop >or= 40 g/L or >or= 40% versus baseline,
      hemoglobin < 50 g/L, or blood transfusion) were CDA 13/44 (30%), CPG-DDS 7/24
      (29%) in G6PD-deficient patients versus CDA 4/448 (< 1%), CPG-DDS 6/221 (3%) in
      G6PD-normal patients. No deaths occurred. CDA was more efficacious than CPG-DDS.
      However, the hemolytic potential in G6PD-deficient patients does not support
      further development of CDA.

PMID- 19996425
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy and effects of artesunate-mefloquine and mefloquine alone on
      malaria-associated anemia in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum
      malaria in southwest Nigeria.
AB  - The treatment efficacy and effects of artesunate-mefloquine (AMQ) and mefloquine
      (MQ) on malaria-associated anemia (MAA) were evaluated in 342 children <or= 10
      years of age with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria randomized to
      receive either drug/drug combination. All children recovered clinically. Fever
      clearance times were similar. Parasite clearance was significantly faster with
      AMQ (mean +/- SD = 1.4 +/- 0.6 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-1.5, P <
      0.0001), but polymerase chain reaction-corrected cure rates were similar (97%
      versus 94%). Gametocyte carriage rates and the drug-attributable fall in
      hematocrit were significantly lower with AMQ (mean +/- SD = 4.8 +/- 3.8%, 95% CI
      = 3.6-6.0, P = 0.03), but the rates of resolution of MAA were similar. Both
      regimens were well tolerated. AMQ clears parasitemia and reduces gametocyte
      carriage more rapidly and causes lesser fall in hematocrit than MQ, but both
      regimens are effective treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in
      Nigerian children.

PMID- 19996426
TI  - High levels of Plasmodium falciparum rosetting in all clinical forms of severe
      malaria in African children.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum rosetting (the spontaneous binding of infected erythrocytes
      to uninfected erythrocytes) is a well-recognized parasite virulence factor.
      However, it is currently unclear whether rosetting is associated with all
      clinical forms of severe malaria, or only with specific syndromes such as
      cerebral malaria. We investigated the relationship between rosetting and clinical
      malaria in 209 Malian children enrolled in a case-control study of severe
      malaria. Rosetting was significantly higher in parasite isolates from severe
      malaria cases compared with non-severe hyperparasitemia and uncomplicated malaria
      controls (F(2,117) = 8.15, P < 0.001). Analysis of sub-categories of severe
      malaria (unrousable coma, severe anemia, non-comatose neurological impairment,
      repeated seizures or a small heterogeneous group with signs of renal failure or
      jaundice) showed high levels of rosetting in all sub-categories, and no
      statistically significant differences in rosetting between sub-categories
      (F(4,67) = 1.28, P = 0.28). Thus rosetting may contribute to the pathogenesis of
      all severe malaria syndromes in African children, and interventions to disrupt
      rosetting could be potential adjunctive therapies for all forms of severe malaria
      in Africa.

PMID- 19996427
TI  - Clinical, parasitologic, and immunologic evolution in dogs experimentally
      infected with sand fly-derived Leishmania chagasi promastigotes.
AB  - Experimental infection of dogs with Leishmania infantum has yielded heterogeneous
      clinical, parasitologic, and immunologic results. We studied dogs infected with
      10(5) or 10(4) sand fly-derived promastigotes delivered by the intradermal (ID)
      or intravenous (IV) routes. Total mortality over 1 year post-infection reached
      23.8%. The mortality and proportion of sustained polysymptomatic dogs was highest
      in the IV-10(5) group. The early appearance of polysymptoms was associated with
      an increased risk of progression to death. Dissemination of the parasite to lymph
      nodes was faster, and the subsequent infectivity to sand flies higher, in the IV
      compared with ID-infected dogs. Parasite-specific IgG1 or IgG2 production was
      similar among the groups, but higher interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin
      10 (IL-10) expression was associated with polysymptomatic dogs. On the basis of
      the data obtained from this study, a sample size analysis using different
      endpoints for future vaccine trials is described.

PMID- 19996428
TI  - Short report: Contribution of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to
      follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis patients treated with meglumine antimoniate.
AB  - Forty-two patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Tunisia were treated with
      meglumine antimoniate and followed-up for clinical improvement and blood parasite
      load determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
      Parasite loads before treatment ranged from 27 to 5.3 x 10(7) parasites/mL. At
      the end of treatment, parasite load decreased significantly in 39 cured patients
      (P < 0.001). The decrease in parasite load after treatment was greater than 99%
      for 34 patients and PCR results became negative in 23 of them. Two patients
      without clinical improvement showed no or slight decreases in parasite load (209
      versus 202 parasites/mL and 1,765 versus 146 parasites/mL). One patient showed
      had a relapse seven months after showing a good response to treatment. His
      parasitemia remained high despite a sharp decrease (5.2 x 10(5) versus 5.9 x
      10(3) parasites/mL).

PMID- 19996429
TI  - Towards a genetic map for Anopheles albimanus: identification of microsatellite
      markers and a preliminary linkage map for chromosome 2.
AB  - Fifty microsatellite loci were identified in the malaria vector Anopheles
      albimanus. Markers segregating in F2 progeny of crosses between laboratory
      strains of An. albimanus were used to construct a preliminary genetic map. More
      than 300 progeny were genotyped, but the resolution of the map was limited by the
      lack of polymorphisms in the microsatellite alleles. A robust linkage map for
      chromosome 2 was established, and additional markers were assigned to the third
      and X chromosomes by linkage to morphological markers of known physical location.
      Additional non-informative microsatellite sequences are provided including some
      showing similarity to those of An. gambiae. This study significantly increases
      the number of genetic markers available for An. albimanus and provides useful
      tools for population genetics and genetic mapping studies in this important
      malaria vector.

PMID- 19996430
TI  - Dry season production of filariasis and dengue vectors in American Samoa and
      comparison with wet season production.
AB  - Aedes polynesiensis and Ae. aegypti breeding site productivity in two American
      Samoa villages were analyzed during a dry season survey and compared with a wet
      season survey. Both surveys identified similar container types producing greater
      numbers of pupae, with buckets, drums, and tires responsible for > 50% of Aedes
      pupae during the dry season. The prevalence of containers with Ae. polynesiensis
      and the density of Ae. polynesiensis in discarded appliances, drums, and
      discarded plastic ice cream containers were significantly greater during the dry
      season. Aedes aegypti pupal densities were significantly greater in the dry
      season in ice cream containers and tires. Significant clustering of the most
      productive container types by household was only found for appliances. The high
      productivity for Ae. polynesiensis and Ae. aegypti pupae during the wet and dry
      seasons suggests that dengue and lymphatic filariasis transmission can occur
      throughout the year, consistent with the reporting of dengue cases.

PMID- 19996431
TI  - Short report: Natural hybrid between Anopheles kleini and Anopheles sinensis.
AB  - While analyzing wild mosquitoes caught in Paju, South Korea, we identified one
      egg-laying hybrid female between Anopheles kleini and Anopheles sinensis.
      Additional evidence was obtained by identifying several F(1) progeny and
      conducting self-crossing between them. Sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c
      oxidase subunit 1 sequence suggested that the maternal origin of the female
      should be An. sinensis . Additionally, observation of only two distinct genotypes
      of F(1) progeny (double band, hybrid type, and single-band An. sinensis type)
      more closely resembled a situation of natural back-crossing between a hybrid
      female and male An. sinensis. Results of self-crossing between F(1) progeny was
      impaired and yielded abnormally low larval hatchings (3.7%). Overall, the
      observation of 1 female from 658 caught-wild mosquitoes indicated possible
      natural hybridization among members of the Hyrcanus group from South Korea.

PMID- 19996432
TI  - Beyond nature and nurture: phenotypic plasticity in blood-feeding behavior of
      Anopheles gambiae s.s. when humans are not readily accessible.
AB  - To test for the effects of host accessibility on blood-feeding behavior, we
      assessed degrees of anthropophily of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae at
      two stages of the behavioral sequence of host foraging, in a rice growing area
      near Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, where humans are not readily accessible
      because of years of generalized use of (mostly non-impregnated) bed nets. First,
      patterns of host selection were assessed by the identification of the blood meal
      origin of indoor-resting samples. Inherent host preferences were then determined
      by two odor-baited entry traps, set side by side in a choice arrangement,
      releasing either human or calf odor. The proportion of feeds taken on humans was
      around 40%, whereas 88% of trapped An. gambiae "chose" the human-baited trap,
      indicating a zoophilic pattern of host selection despite a stronger trap entry
      response with human odor. This paradox can be interpreted as the evolution of a
      plastic strategy of feeding behavior in this field population of An. gambiae
      because of the greater accessibility of readily available, although less
      preferred, hosts.

PMID- 19996433
TI  - Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid identification of
      Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes.
AB  - The main malaria vectors of sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto
      and Anopheles arabiensis are morphologically indistinguishable, but often occur
      in sympatry and differ in feeding preference and vector competence. It is
      important to assess vector species identity for understanding the vectorial
      system and establishing appropriate vector control measures. The currently
      available species diagnosis methods for An. gambiae sensu latu require equipment
      to which public health practitioners in many African countries may not have
      access. This report describes a loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique
      (LAMP) for An. gambiae species diagnosis. The LAMP method was tested in single
      mosquito legs and whole body. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP method,
      in reference to the conventional rDNA-polymerse chain reaction (PCR) method,
      ranged from 0.93 to 1.00. The LAMP-based species identification method can be
      performed in a water bath and completed within 65 minutes, representing an
      alternative method for rapid and field applicable vector species diagnosis.

PMID- 19996434
TI  - Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in rural Ecuador and clustering of
      seropositivity within households.
AB  - We performed a cross-sectional study of Trypanosoma cruzi seroprevalence in 14
      communities in three provinces of Ecuador and estimated the magnitude of the
      association of seropositive individuals within households. A total of 3,286
      subjects from 997 households were included. Seroprevalence was 5.7%, 1.0%, and
      3.6% in subjects in the Manabi, Guayas, and Loja provinces, respectively.
      Seroprevalence increased with increasing age in Manabi and Guayas, whereas in
      Loja, the highest prevalence occurred in children <or= 10 years of age. In the
      coastal provinces, clustering of seropositives within households was not observed
      after adjustment for other household factors. However, in the Andean province of
      Loja, the odds of seropositivity were more than two times greater for an
      individual living in a household with another seropositive person. Our results
      indicate that transmission of T. cruzi is ongoing in Ecuador, although intensity
      of transmission and mechanisms of interaction between humans and the insect
      vectors of disease vary between geographic regions.

PMID- 19996435
TI  - Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi: systematic selection of assays allowing rapid
      and accurate discrimination of all known lineages.
AB  - Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, can be subdivided into six
      discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI, TcIIa, TcIIb, TcIIc, TcIId or TcIIe, each
      having distinct epidemiologically important features. Dozens of genetic markers
      are available to determine the DTU to which a T. cruzi isolate belongs, but there
      is no consensus on which should be used. We selected five assays: three
      polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms based
      on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HSP60, Histone H1, and GPI loci,
      and PCR product size polymorphism of the LSU rDNA and mini-exon loci. Each assay
      was tested for its capacity to differentiate between DTUs using a panel of 48
      genetically diverse T. cruzi clones. Some markers allowed unequivocal
      identification of individual DTUs, however, only by using a combination of
      multiple markers could all six DTUs be resolved. Based upon the results we
      recommend a triple-assay comprising the LSU rDNA, HSP60 and GPI markers for
      reliable, rapid, low-cost DTU assignment.

PMID- 19996436
TI  - Schistosomiasis PCR in vaginal lavage as an indicator of genital Schistosoma
      haematobium infection in rural Zimbabwean women.
AB  - Schistosoma real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is sensitive and specific
      in urine and stool. We sought to explore the relationship between genital
      schistosomiasis and the Schistosoma PCR in women. PCR was run on 83 vaginal
      lavage samples from a rural Zimbabwean population. Women underwent clinical and
      colposcopic investigations, analyses for sexually transmitted infections, and
      genital schistosomiasis. Thirty samples were positive for Schistosoma PCR: 12
      were strong and 18 were weak positive. Sensitivity (67%) and specificity (83%)
      were best in women below the age of 25 years. A positive schistosome PCR result
      was associated with S. haematobium ova in genital tissue, so-called sandy
      patches, and bleeding. Prevalence determined by PCR were lower and real-time PCR
      values were weaker in older women. The presence of Schistosoma DNA may be greater
      in the recent lesions (e.g., in younger women). For diagnosis in rural areas and
      in large studies, Schistosoma PCR could become a supplement to gynecologic
      examinations.

PMID- 19996437
TI  - Loa loa microfilarial periodicity in ivermectin-treated patients: comparison
      between those developing and those free of serious adverse events.
AB  - The main risk factor of post-ivermectin serious adverse events (SAEs) is the
      presence of a high Loa loa microfilaremia. However, the majority of patients with
      such high loads do not develop SAEs, suggesting that co-factors may be involved.
      An infection with simian Loa parasites, whose microfilariae show a nocturnal
      periodicity, might be such a co-factor. The periodicity of Loa microfilariae was
      compared, using cosinor methodology, in 4 patients who had developed a post
      ivermectin neurologic SAE, 4 patients who had experienced a non-neurologic SAE,
      and 14 control individuals. The periodicity was similar in all three groups, with
      a peak of microfilaremia occurring between 12:30 and 2:00 PM. The results of this
      study, which for the first time characterizes the periodicity of Loa
      microfilariae mathematically, suggest that post-ivermectin SAEs are not related
      to an infection with a Loa simian strain.

PMID- 19996438
TI  - Early helminth infections are inversely related to anemia, malnutrition, and
      malaria and are not associated with inflammation in 6- to 23-month-old Zanzibari
      children.
AB  - Helminths aggravate anemia and malnutrition among school children. We studied
      this association in a cross-sectional study of 6- to 23-month-old Zanzibari
      children (N = 2322) and a sub-sample of 690 children matched on age and helminth
      infection status. Ascaris, hookworm, and Trichuris infections were diagnosed
      along with recent fever, malaria infection, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)
      and hemoglobin concentration (Hb). Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), C-reactive
      protein (CRP), height, and weight were measured in the sub-sample. Infected
      children had higher Hb (beta = 5.44 g/L, P < 0.001) and MUAC-for-age Z score
      (beta = 0.30 Z, P < 0.001) compared with uninfected children after adjusting for
      covariates. Although helminths were not associated with inflammation, their
      association with Hb or MUAC-for-age Z score was modified by inflammation. Malaria
      infected children were less likely to be infected with helminths (adjusted odds
      ratios 0.63 [95% confidence interval: 0.49, 0.81]). Non-anemic, better nourished,
      or non-malaria-infected children may be more exploratory of their environments
      and therefore increase their exposure to soil-transmitted helminths.

PMID- 19996439
TI  - Changing patterns of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Zanzibar in the context of
      national helminth control programs.
AB  - Helminth control programs have been implemented in Zanzibar for over a decade. In
      June/July 2007, approximately 6 months after the last school-based anthelmintic
      treatment, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in two schools, and results
      were compared with data obtained in the same schools in 1994. Multiple stool
      samples collected from 368 school children were subjected to the Kato-Katz, Koga
      agar plate, and Baermann methods. The prevalence of Trichuris trichiura,
      hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis was 46.6%, 21.6%,
      16.9%, and 10.2%, respectively. Infection intensities were generally low.
      Compared with 1994, the prevalence of S. stercoralis, hookworm, A. lumbricoides,
      and T. trichiura decreased by 81.0%, 80.5%, 70.6%, and 48.6%, respectively.
      Infection intensities decreased by > 95% for all helminth species studied. Our
      study confirms that preventive chemotherapy successfully reduces the level and
      intensity of helminth infections. To consolidate achievements made, additional
      control measures such as health education and environmental sanitation are
      needed.

PMID- 19996440
TI  - Land use and land cover changes and spatiotemporal dynamics of anopheline larval
      habitats during a four-year period in a highland community of Africa.
AB  - Spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of anopheline larval habitats
      and land use and land cover (LULC) changes can influence malaria transmission
      intensity. This information is important for understanding the environmental
      determinants of malaria transmission heterogeneity, and it is critical to the
      study of the effects of environmental changes on malaria transmission. In this
      study, we investigated the spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of
      anopheline larval habitats and LULC changes in western Kenya highlands over a 4
      year period. Anopheles gambiae complex larvae were mainly confined to valley
      bottoms during both the dry and wet seasons. Although An. gambiae larvae were
      located in man-made habitats where riparian forests and natural swamps had been
      cleared, Anopheles funestus larvae were mainly found in permanent habitats in
      pastures. The association between land cover type and occurrence of anopheline
      larvae was statistically significant. The distribution of anopheline positive
      habitats varied significantly between months, during the survey. In 2004, the
      mean density of An. gambiae was significantly higher during the month of May,
      whereas the density of An. funestus peaked significantly in February. Over the
      study period, major LULC changes occurred mostly in the valley bottoms. Overall,
      farmland increased by 3.9%, whereas both pastures and natural swamps decreased by
      8.9% and 20.9%, respectively. The area under forest cover was decreased by 5.8%.
      Land-use changes in the study area are favorable to An. gambiae larval
      development, thereby risking a more widespread distribution of malaria vector
      habitats and potentially increasing malaria transmission in western Kenya
      highlands.

PMID- 19996441
TI  - High mortality in a cholera outbreak in western Kenya after post-election
      violence in 2008.
AB  - In 2008, a cholera outbreak with unusually high mortality occurred in western
      Kenya during civil unrest after disputed presidential elections. Through active
      case finding, we found a 200% increase in fatal cases and a 37% increase in
      surviving cases over passively reported cases; the case-fatality ratio increased
      from 5.5% to 11.4%. In conditional logistic regression of a matched case-control
      study of fatal versus non-fatal cholera infection, home antibiotic treatment
      (odds ratio [OR] 0.049; 95% CI: < 0.001-0.43), hospitalization (OR, 0.066; 95%
      CI, 0.001-0.54), treatment in government-operated health facilities (OR, 0.15;
      95% CI, 0.015-0.73), and receiving education about cholera by health workers (OR,
      0.19; 95% CI, 0.018-0.96) were protective against death. Among 13 hospitalized
      fatal cases, chart review showed inadequate intravenous and oral hydration and
      substantial staff and supply shortages at the time of admission. Cholera
      mortality was under-reported and very high, in part because of factors
      exacerbated by widespread post-election violence.

PMID- 19996442
TI  - Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and height of Mexican children of
      low socioeconomic level attending boarding schools.
AB  - This study evaluated the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and
      height in a population of schoolchildren of a low socioeconomic level regarding
      growth-related micronutrient status. It was a cross-sectional study of 685
      children 5-13 years of age. Height and weight were recorded, a (13)C urea breath
      test was performed for detection of H. pylori, and a blood sample was obtained
      for determination of micronutrient status. Helicobacter pylori infection was
      found to be associated with the height of children. Children with H. pylori
      infection are, on average, 1.32 cm lower (95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.22 to
      -0.42) in height than children without infection. There was an effect
      modification by age: for every one-year increase in age, height was 0.66 cm less
      (95% CI = -1.17 to -0.15) in children with H. pylori infection. This finding
      suggests that H. pylori infection has a negative effect on the growth of
      children.

PMID- 19996443
TI  - Factors associated with delayed tuberculosis test-seeking behavior in the
      Peruvian Amazon.
AB  - This study aimed to determine the psychosocial factors associated with delayed
      test-seeking among tuberculosis patients. The duration of symptoms before seeking
      medical care was assessed by interview for 108 newly diagnosed pulmonary
      tuberculosis patients in the city of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, which has
      high tuberculosis incidence. Beliefs associated with test-seeking behavior and
      delay was assessed in these patients. The median delay from symptom onset to
      seeking diagnostic testing was 61 days (inter-quartile range 30-91 days). The
      belief that tuberculosis is curable was associated with a 100% longer test
      seeking delay; the perception that tuberculosis was common was associated with a
      57% longer delay; male gender was associated with a 48% longer delay; and
      education less than complete secondary schooling was associated with a 44% longer
      delay. In conclusion, current health promotion activities that emphasize
      tuberculosis curability and high prevalence may paradoxically increase test
      seeking delay and therefore require prospective evaluation.

PMID- 19996444
TI  - Comparative intradermal tuberculin test in dairy cattle in the north of Ecuador
      and risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis.
AB  - We studied the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in Mejia canton, the major
      dairy cattle production area in northern Ecuador. Twenty dairy herds comprising
      2,022 cattle were selected. In 2007, each animal was tested using the comparative
      intradermal tuberculin test (CITT). In 2008, a follow-up test was performed in
      the same herds. The true annual incidence was 1.70%, and the true prevalence was
      7.41% and 7.13% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The prevalence was 0.27% and
      0.57% in medium-sized herds in 2007 and 2008, respectively, compared with 8.63%
      and 8.43% in large herds (P < 0.01). The number of skin test-positive cases also
      increased significantly with age (P = 0.03), contacts with other species of
      animals (P < 0.01), and introduction of new cattle (P = 0.04). Herd prevalence
      was 55% in 2007 and 65% in 2008. This study shows the lack of knowledge in cattle
      farmers about this zoonosis and the necessity for a national BTB control program
      in Ecuador.

PMID- 19996445
TI  - Short report: Clinical and molecular evidence for a case of Buruli ulcer
      (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection) in Kenya.
AB  - Mycobacterium ulcerans infection is an emerging disease that causes indolent,
      necrotizing skin lesions known as Buruli ulcer (BU) and occasional contiguous or
      metastatic bone lesions. Buruli ulcer is named after Buruli County in Uganda
      (east Africa), where an epidemic occurred in the 1960s. Today, BU is most common
      in central and west Africa. We describe clinical and molecular evidence for a
      case of BU in Kenya.

PMID- 19996446
TI  - Baseline iron indices as predictors of hemoglobin improvement in anemic
      Vietnamese women receiving weekly iron-folic acid supplementation and deworming.
AB  - Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent among women living in rural Vietnam.
      However, the utility and cut-offs of indices for diagnosing iron deficiency
      anemia in the public health context is ill defined. We assessed the ability of
      iron indices to predict the hemoglobin response (HBR) to weekly iron-folic acid
      supplementation (WIFS) in anemic rural Vietnamese women. We compared hemoglobin,
      serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor in a cohort of 221 non-pregnant
      women of reproductive age before and after 3 months of WIFS and deworming. At
      baseline, anemia (Hb < 120 g/L) was present in 81/221 (36.7%) of subjects. After
      3 months, anemia prevalence fell to 58/221 (26.2%), and the mean hemoglobin
      change was +3.5 g/L (95% confidence interval, 0.9, 6.6). A hemoglobin response
      was observed in 50/75 (66.6%) of anemic women. A ferritin cut-off < 30 ng/mL was
      a more sensitive predictor of response than ferritin < 15 ng/mL.

PMID- 19996447
TI  - Niche partitioning of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia miyamotoi in the same
      tick vector and mammalian reservoir species.
AB  - The Lyme borreliosis agent Borrelia burgdorferi and the relapsing fever group
      species Borrelia miyamotoi co-occur in the United States. We used species
      specific, quantitative polymerase chain reaction to study both species in the
      blood and skin of Peromyscus leucopus mice and host-seeking Ixodes scapularis
      nymphs at a Connecticut site. Bacteremias with B. burgdorferi or B. miyamotoi
      were most prevalent during periods of greatest activity for nymphs or larvae,
      respectively. Whereas B. burgdorferi was 30-fold more frequent than B. miyamotoi
      in skin biopsies and mice had higher densities of B. burgdorferi densities in the
      skin than in the blood, B. miyamotoi densities were higher in blood than skin. In
      a survey of host-seeking nymphs in 11 northern states, infection prevalences for
      B. burgdorferi and B. miyamotoi averaged approximately 0.20 and approximately
      0.02, respectively. Co-infections of P. leucopus or I. scapularis with both B.
      burgdorferi and B. miyamotoi were neither more nor less common than random
      expectations.

PMID- 19996448
TI  - Emergence of tick-borne granulocytic anaplasmosis associated with habitat type
      and forest change in northern California.
AB  - An important ecosystem service of intact forests is protection from some emerging
      infectious diseases. Tick-transmitted disease granulocytic anaplasmosis
      increasingly occupies second-growth forest. We hypothesized that areas of second
      growth would have increases in tick and rodent abundance, facilitating emergence
      of anaplasmosis. We predicted Anaplasma phagocytophilum presence as a function of
      biocomplexity and forest structure, including vegetation, ticks, and rodents in
      four sites in California. Significant risk factors for exposure included host
      species (woodrats with 13% seroprevalence, odds ratio [OR] = 8.3 and chipmunks
      with 27% seroprevalence, OR = 20.7), and park location (northern parks, OR 25.5
      27.7). Exposure to A. phagocytophilum was more likely among chipmunks in redwood
      sites at one park, but with woodrats and oaks at another. Overall, transects on
      which small mammals showed greatest A. phagocytophilum exposure had high
      biodiversity in ticks, rodents, and vegetation, as well as intermediate-sized
      trees with a high mean and variance in diameter at breast height, findings which
      suggest that a dilution effect, where increased biodiversity reduces disease
      risk, does not necessarily apply in this system. Thus, enzootic and potentially
      emerging anaplasmosis were linked to high biodiversity and mature second-growth
      forest.

PMID- 19996449
TI  - Short report: Incidence of yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease.
AB  - Although the yellow fever 17D strain live-attenuated vaccine has been widely used
      over the past seven decades with a long history of safe records, recent reports
      of serious, sometimes fatal, adverse events, raised concerns about its tolerance.
      We extracted all cases of serious neurologic adverse events that occurred within
      30 days of yellow fever vaccination in our institution during 2000-2008. Four
      cases (meningitis, n = 2 and meningo-encephalitis, n = 2) were identified. The
      male:female ratio was 3:1, and ages ranged from 21 to 55 years. Cerebrospinal
      fluid examination showed pleocytosis (10-82 cells/mm(3), 64-84% lymphocytes),
      with slightly elevated protein levels (0.4-0.68 g/L). All symptoms resolved in
      three patients, but attention disorder and cerebellar syndrome persisted in one
      patient (at six months follow-up). The incidence of yellow fever vaccine
      associated serious neurologic events was estimated to be 9.9/100,000 vaccine
      doses (95% confidence interval = 2.7-25.4/100,000) in this study, which was 10
      times higher than previous estimates that did not include acute meningitis.

PMID- 19996450
TI  - Evaluation of IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for
      detection of IgM against Japanese encephalitis virus in cerebrospinal fluid
      samples.
AB  - Infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major public health problem
      in Asia. Detection of JEV-specific IgM in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by
      the IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) is
      currently the most widely used diagnostic method to detect JEV infection. Because
      of the possible presence of IgM cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses in serum
      and the high ratio of inapparent-to-apparent JEV infections, a positive result in
      serum only suggests a recent infection and not necessarily an encephalitic
      illness caused by JEV. Consequently, detection of JEV-specific IgM in CSF assumes
      great diagnostic relevance. We evaluated two commercial JEV MAC-ELISA kits using
      60 CSF samples obtained from patients with acute encephalitis syndrome. The
      Panbio and XCyton kits had sensitivities of 65-80% and 95% and specificities of
      90% and 97.5%, respectively. Performance information on these commercial JEV MAC
      ELISA kits for CSF should assist in laboratory-based JE surveillance programs.

PMID- 19996451
TI  - Prevalence of West Nile virus in migratory birds during spring and fall
      migration.
AB  - To investigate the role of migratory birds in the dissemination of West Nile
      virus (WNV), we measured the prevalence of infectious WNV and specific WNV
      neutralizing antibodies in birds, principally Passeriformes, during spring and
      fall migrations in the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways from 2001-2003. Blood
      samples were obtained from 13,403 birds, representing 133 species. Specific WNV
      neutralizing antibody was detected in 254 resident and migratory birds,
      representing 39 species, and was most commonly detected in northern cardinals
      (Cardinalis cardinalis) (9.8%, N = 762) and gray catbirds (Dumetella
      carolinensis) (3.2%, N = 3188). West Nile virus viremias were detected in 19
      birds, including 8 gray catbirds, and only during the fall migratory period.
      These results provide additional evidence that migratory birds may have been a
      principal agent for the spread of WNV in North America and provide data on the
      occurrence of WNV in a variety of bird species.

PMID- 19996452
TI  - Experimental infection of cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with varying
      doses of West Nile virus.
AB  - Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) were inoculated with differing doses of
      West Nile virus (WNV) to evaluate their potential role as reservoir hosts in
      nature. Swallows often nest in large colonies in habitats and months associated
      with high mosquito abundance and early WNV transmission in North America.
      Additionally, cliff swallow diet consists of insects, including mosquitoes,
      leading to an additional potential route of WNV infection. The average peak
      viremia titer among infected cliff swallows was 10(6.3) plaque-forming units
      (PFU)/mL serum and the reservoir competence index was 0.34. There was no
      correlation between dose and probability of becoming infected or viremia peak and
      duration. Oral shedding was detected from 2 to 14 days post-inoculation with an
      average peak titer of 10(4.4) PFU/swab. These results suggest that cliff swallows
      are competent reservoir hosts of WNV and therefore, they may play a role in early
      seasonal amplification and maintenance of WNV.

PMID- 19996453
TI  - Diagnosis of human cysticercosis and Taenia asiatica.

PMID- 19996455
TI  - To be gammadelta or not to be gammadelta? Signaling pathways in alphabeta versus
      gammadelta T cell maturation.
AB  - Maturation of T cells in the thymus involves input from a number of signaling
      pathways; their combined input determines whether thymic precursor cells will
      differentiate into mature alphabeta or gammadelta T cells. This Journal Club
      article highlights recent research showing that the role of Notch signaling in
      human T cell maturation differs from that in mice. In mice, reducing Notch gene
      dosage in vivo promotes gammadelta T cell differentiation. In humans, an increase
      in Notch activity early in development will trigger gammadelta T cell
      development. This research emphasizes how the molecular events controlling T cell
      development are fundamentally different in humans and mice.

PMID- 19996456
TI  - Only a subset of Met-activated pathways are required to sustain oncogene
      addiction.
AB  - Tumor onset and progression require the accumulation of many genetic and
      epigenetic lesions. In some cases, however, cancer cells rely on only one of
      these lesions to maintain their malignant properties, and this dependence results
      in tumor regression upon oncogene inactivation ("oncogene addiction").
      Determining which nodes of the many networks operative in the transformed
      phenotype specifically mediate this response to oncogene neutralization is
      crucial to identifying the vulnerabilities of cancer. Using the Met receptor as
      the major model system, we combined multiplex phosphoproteomics, genome-wide
      expression profiling, and functional assays in various cancer cells addicted to
      oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases. We found that Met blockade affected a
      limited subset of Met downstream signals: Little or no effect was observed for
      several pathways downstream of Met; instead, only a restricted and pathway
      specific signature of transducers and transcriptional effectors downstream of Ras
      or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was inactivated. An analogous signature was
      also generated by inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor in a different
      cellular context, suggesting a stereotyped response that likely is independent of
      receptor type or tissue origin. Biologically, Met inhibition led to cell-cycle
      arrest. Inhibition of Ras-dependent signals and PI3K-dependent signals also
      resulted in cell-cycle arrest, whereas cells in which Met was inhibited
      proliferated when Ras or PI3K signaling was active. These findings uncover
      "dominant" and "recessive" nodes among the numerous oncogenic networks regulated
      by receptor tyrosine kinases and active in cancer, with the Ras and PI3K pathways
      as determinants of therapeutic response.

PMID- 19996457
TI  - Delivery of microRNA-126 by apoptotic bodies induces CXCL12-dependent vascular
      protection.
AB  - Apoptosis is a pivotal process in embryogenesis and postnatal cell homeostasis
      and involves the shedding of membranous microvesicles termed apoptotic bodies. In
      response to tissue damage, the CXC chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4
      counteract apoptosis and recruit progenitor cells. Here, we show that endothelial
      cell-derived apoptotic bodies are generated during atherosclerosis and convey
      paracrine alarm signals to recipient vascular cells that trigger the production
      of CXCL12. CXCL12 production was mediated by microRNA-126 (miR-126), which was
      enriched in apoptotic bodies and repressed the function of regulator of G protein
      (heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein) signaling 16, an
      inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. This enabled CXCR4, a
      GPCR, to trigger an autoregulatory feedback loop that increased the production of
      CXCL12. Administration of apoptotic bodies or miR-126 limited atherosclerosis,
      promoted the incorporation of Sca-1+ progenitor cells, and conferred features of
      plaque stability on different mouse models of atherosclerosis. This study
      highlights functions of microRNAs in health and disease that may extend to the
      recruitment of progenitor cells during other forms of tissue repair or
      homeostasis.

PMID- 19996458
TI  - Cracking the phosphatase code: docking interactions determine substrate
      specificity.
AB  - Phosphoserine- and phosphothreonine-directed phosphatases display remarkable
      substrate specificity, yet the sites that they dephosphorylate show little
      similarity in amino acid sequence. Studies reveal that docking interactions are
      key for the recognition of substrates and regulators by two conserved
      phosphatases, protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent
      phosphatase calcineurin. In each case, a small degenerate sequence motif in the
      interacting protein directs low-affinity binding to a docking surface on the
      phosphatase that is distinct from the active site; several such interactions
      combine to confer overall binding specificity. Some docking surfaces are
      conserved, such as a hydrophobic groove on a face opposite the active site that
      serves as a major recognition surface for the "RVxF" motif of proteins that
      interact with PP1 and the "PxIxIT" motif of substrates of calcineurin. Secondary
      motifs combine with this primary targeting sequence to specify phosphatase
      binding. A comprehensive interactome for mammalian PP1 was described, analysis of
      which defines several PP1-binding motifs. Studies of "LxVP," a secondary
      calcineurin-binding sequence, establish that this motif is a conserved feature of
      calcineurin substrates and that the immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporin A
      inhibit the phosphatase by interfering with LxVP-mediated docking.

PMID- 19996460
TI  - Survivors of childhood cancer.

PMID- 19996459
TI  - Cardiac outcomes in a cohort of adult survivors of childhood and adolescent
      cancer: retrospective analysis of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of and risks for congestive heart failure,
      myocardial infarction, pericardial disease, and valvular abnormalities among
      adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancers. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort
      study. SETTING: 26 institutions that participated in the Childhood Cancer
      Survivor Study. PARTICIPANTS: 14,358 five year survivors of cancer diagnosed
      under the age of 21 with leukaemia, brain cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma, kidney cancer, neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, or bone
      cancer between 1970 and 1986. Comparison group included 3899 siblings of cancer
      survivors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants or their parents (in participants
      aged less than 18 years) completed a questionnaire collecting information on
      demographic characteristics, height, weight, health habits, medical conditions,
      and surgical procedures occurring since diagnosis. The main outcome measures were
      the incidence of and risk factors for congestive heart failure, myocardial
      infarction, pericardial disease, and valvular abnormalities in survivors of
      cancer compared with siblings. RESULTS: Survivors of cancer were significantly
      more likely than siblings to report congestive heart failure (hazard ratio (HR)
      5.9, 95% confidence interval 3.4 to 9.6; P<0.001), myocardial infarction (HR 5.0,
      95% CI 2.3 to 10.4; P<0.001), pericardial disease (HR 6.3, 95% CI 3.3 to 11.9;
      P<0.001), or valvular abnormalities (HR 4.8, 95% CI 3.0 to 7.6; P<0.001).
      Exposure to 250 mg/m(2) or more of anthracyclines increased the relative hazard
      of congestive heart failure, pericardial disease, and valvular abnormalities by
      two to five times compared with survivors who had not been exposed to
      anthracyclines. Cardiac radiation exposure of 1500 centigray or more increased
      the relative hazard of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction,
      pericardial disease, and valvular abnormalities by twofold to sixfold compared to
      non-irradiated survivors. The cumulative incidence of adverse cardiac outcomes in
      cancer survivors continued to increase up to 30 years after diagnosis.
      CONCLUSION: Survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer are at substantial risk
      for cardiovascular disease. Healthcare professionals must be aware of these risks
      when caring for this growing population.

PMID- 19996461
TI  - [Health, quality of live and money. Using cost-effectiveness analysis for setting
      health priorities].

PMID- 19996462
TI  - [University Hospital facing crisis].

PMID- 19996464
TI  - [Clinical status and treatment adherence of young adults with type one diabetes
      mellitus following transition to adult health care].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This paper highlights the treatment factors of concern after the
      transition from an outpatient clinic for children and adolescents to an
      outpatient clinic for adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants were 56
      individuals with diabetes type one in their twenties seeking treatment at the
      Diabetes clinic at Landspitali-University Hospital. In all, 72 outpatients met
      inclusion criteria and the response rate was 78%. RESULTS: On the average HbA1c
      measures were above the American Diabetes Association treatment target, which is
      HbA1c less than 7%. In the preceding twelve months only 28,6% participants
      attended at least four routine appointments. Half of the women and 30% of the men
      suffered from complications, retinopathy being most common. Quarter of the
      participants smoked, which is the same proportion as for all Icelanders aged 20
      29 years old. The smokers had more symptoms of depression and anxiety. 19% of
      participants used psychotropic medication which is more than twice as high as in
      the normal population of Iceland. CONCLUSIONS: Special attention should be made
      to the fact that HbA1c measures were on the average above the treatment target
      and complications were common. Psychotropic medication usage was high which
      indicates that more cooperation between the Diabetes clinic and psychologists
      and/or psychiatrists is needed. New methods should be explored in reaching out to
      young people with diabetes.

PMID- 19996463
TI  - [Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment for end-stage renal disease].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) requires costly life-sustaining
      therapy, either dialysis or kidney transplantation. The purpose of this study was
      to analyse and compare the cost-effectiveness of kidney transplantation and
      dialysis in Iceland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Costs and effectiveness were assessed
      using the clinical records of the Division of Nephrology patient registration and
      billing systems and at Landspitali University Hospital, information from the
      Icelandic Health Insurance on payments for kidney transplantation at
      Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, and published studies on survival and quality of
      life among patients with ESRD. All costs are presented at the 2006 price level
      and discounting was done according to the lowest interest rate of the Icelandic
      Housing Finance Fund in that year. RESULTS: The cost associated with live donor
      kidney transplantation was greater in Denmark than at LUH, ISK 6.758.101 and ISK
      5.442.763, respectively. The cost per quality-adjusted life year gained by live
      donor kidney transplantation was approximately ISK 2.5 million compared to ISK
      10.7 million for dialysis. CONCLUSION: The cost of live donor kidney
      transplantation is within the range generally considered acceptable for life
      sustaining therapies. The transplant surgery is less expensive in Iceland than in
      Denmark. Increasing the number of kidney transplants is cost-effective in light
      of the lower cost per life-year gained by kidney transplantation compared to
      dialysis.

PMID- 19996465
TI  - [Mental health and wellbeing in Icelandic farmers].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Some studies have suggest increased prevalence of mental health
      problems in farmers while others suggest, they are less common. This study aimed
      to determine the prevalence of mental health problems in Icelandic animal
      farmers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of all animal
      farmers in Iceland (response rate 54%, 1021) with an age matched comparison group
      (response rate 46%, 637). Psychiatric health was evaluated with General Health
      Questionnaire-12 and CAGE. Work conditions were studied with eight questions from
      the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work.
      RESULTS: Farmers were less commonly alcohol consumers. The prevalence of mental
      health problems among farmers was 17 % while it was 22 % among non-farmers.
      According to CAGE 16% of male nonfarmers versus 11 % of farmers (p<0,032) had
      alcohol problems. There was no difference for females. Male farmers less commonly
      sought medical attention than non-farmers for anxiety, alcoholism and drug abuse.
      Farmers more often felt that their work was challenging in a positive way and
      also that work tasks were too complicated. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health
      disturbances were less common in animal farmers. Educating farmers on work
      related issues might be important in improving the farming environment.

PMID- 19996466
TI  - [Allergy and skin infection after use of temporary henna tattoo--case report].
AB  - We describe a case of a 10 year old boy who developed an contact dermatitis to
      black henna tattoo. Sixteen days later he was brought to the emergency department
      because of an presumed superinfection by S. aureus. The infection was
      successfully treated with dicloxacillin and the allergic reaction with
      bethametasone ointment and tablets. The use of pure henna is legal but has been
      proven to be harmful in animal experiments. Para-phenylendiamine (PPD) has been
      mixed with henna to achieve a darker colour and to decrease the treatment time
      and is well known to cause allergic reactions.

PMID- 19996467
TI  - [Public views on antidepressant treatment--a cause for optimism].

PMID- 19996468
TI  - [The health of Icelandic farmers].

PMID- 19996469
TI  - [Results of pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer in Iceland].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Study the indications, complications and surgical outcome of
      pneumonectomy for non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Iceland MATERIAL AND
      METHODS: A retrospective study of all pneumonectomies performed for NSCLC in
      Iceland from 1988 to 2007. Information was obtained from medical records and data
      on operative indications, postoperative TNM stage, complications, survival and
      survival predictors was analysed. RESULTS: 77 patients (64% males) with mean age
      of 62.3 yrs. were operated on, 44% on the right side. Mediastinoscopy was
      performed in 31% of cases. Most patients were stage I or II (58%), but 17 and 21%
      were stage III A and IIIB, respectively. Mean operation time was 161 min.,
      bleeding 1.1 L and hospital stay 11 days. Atrial fibrillation (21%), pneumonia
      (6.5%), empyema (5.5%) and respiratory failure (5%) were the most common
      complications. Three (3.9%) patients died within 30 days from surgery. Five year
      survival was 20.7%. Age, history of COPD, adenocarcinoma histology and advanced
      TNM stage were independent predictors of poor survival. CONCLUSIONS:
      Pneumonectomies for NSCLC in Iceland have a low rate of complications and
      operative mortality. However, long term survival is lower than expected, and many
      patients (27%) were in advanced stages. This is most likely due to inadequate
      preoperative staging.

PMID- 19996470
TI  - [Occupational accidents in Icelandic farmers. Risk factor analysis using
      questionnaire].
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is limited information on occupational injuries among Icelandic
      farmers. It has been suggested that they are common. This is thought to be in
      part because of the unique work environment of farmers. The aims of the study
      were to study occupational accidents among farmers and their effects on absence
      from work, doctor visits and well-being. METHODS: A cross sectional study of all
      animal farmers in Iceland operating running a farm of more than 100 animal
      (sheep) units. A total of 2042 farmers were sent a detailed questionnaire
      concerning general health symptoms, occupational injuries and doctor visits
      (response rate 54%). RESULTS: Occupational accidents were common among middle
      aged and older farmers and lead often to prolonged absence from work. Livestock
      was most common cause of the accidents, while the association with using alcohol
      while working was clear. Those involved in occupational accidents more commonly
      visited a doctor for musculoskeletal symptoms and pain. They also estimated
      physical and mental well-being worse and had more psychiatric symptoms.
      CONCLUSIONS: Occupational accidents were common among farmers and lead to
      prolonged absence from work. They lead to more doctor visits and and worse
      wellbeing. These results can be used to reinforce health care and preventive
      measures against occupational accidents among farmers.

PMID- 19996471
TI  - [Public views on antidepressant treatment: lessons from a national survey].
AB  - BACKGROUND: In Iceland antidepressant sales figures rose from 8 Defined Daily
      Doses (DDD) per 1000 subjects in 1975 to 95 DDD/1000 in 2005. AIMS: To examine
      the views of adult Icelanders on antidepressant treatment and to identify the
      factors most influential in shaping their views. METHODS: Cross-sectional
      national survey of views on antidepressant treatment in a randomly drawn sample
      of 2000 Icelanders 18 to 80 years old. RESULTS: The response rate was 47.3%. Nine
      in ten responders believed that regular exercise is an efficacious treatment for
      depression (92.6%) but supportive interviews came second (82.3%). Seven out of
      ten believed that antidepressants are efficacious and the same proportion was
      willing to use antidepressants as a treatment for depression. The strongest
      predictor of being willing to use antidepressants if depressed was previous use
      of antidepressants (OR 6.9, 95%CI 3.4 to 13.8), followed by knowing someone well
      who had been treated with antidepressants (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.6 to 3.3). Eight out
      of every 100 responders were taking antidepressants and further 8.3% had
      previously been on antidepressants for at least 6 weeks. Among past users of
      antidepressants, 77% felt that the benefits of therapy had outweighed the
      disadvantages. More knowledge on antidepressants was associated (P=0.007) with
      willingness to use them. CONCLUSION: The majority of adult Icelanders are willing
      to use antidepressants for depression. The factors influencing their views most
      strongly are subjects own experience and the experience of close friends or
      relatives as users.

PMID- 19996472
TI  - [Case of the month: a red eye that resisted conventional treatment].

PMID- 19996473
TI  - [Conjoined twins. Historical review].
AB  - Conjoined twinning is a rare and complex malformation of the newborn. In this
      study an attention is drawn to reports published in Icelandic historical logs.
      There are four examples of definite conjoined pairing and one uncertain. An
      embryologic background of conjoined twinning is introduced and new view of its
      pathogenesis, are proposed.

PMID- 19996474
TI  - Mental illness and its effects on labour market outcomes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mental illness can impact all stages of labour market engagement:
      lower rates of participation in the labour market, higher rates of unemployment
      and employment in low-skill or low-earning occupations relative to
      qualifications. Systematic mental health surveys provide an opportunity to
      examine the scale of such impacts. Though usually cross sectional in nature, such
      surveys commonly include historical data by self report that can be used to
      construct a retrospective cohort study, within which it is possible to examine
      temporal sequence of illness and employment experience and thereby explore issues
      of causality. METHODS: The 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing of
      Adults contains comprehensive questions relating to prevalence and level of
      disability associated with major mental disorders. Here we employ secondary
      analyses of the survey data to develop three models capturing workforce
      participation, unemployment and occupational level. Different versions of these
      models employ either broad diagnostic classes or numbers of disorders as
      indicators of mental disorder status. After reporting findings from these models
      we use them in combination to estimate labour market costs for Australia.
      RESULTS: Each disorder reduces the chance of participation in the labour market
      by 1.3 percentage points, an appreciable amount given that most individuals
      suffering from mental disorders have multiple disorders. There is a strongly
      significant effect of mental illness on employment and clear evidence of reduced
      occupational skill level. DISCUSSION: The impact of mental illness is very strong
      at every stage of engagement. Limitations include the self report nature of the
      assessments and lack of specific income data collection within the survey
      instrument. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE PROVISION AND USE: Other work based on
      this survey shows poor accessibility of recovery based and rehabilitation
      orientated services. These are the very services that have a role to play in
      increasing workforce participation, employment and occupational level.
      IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICIES: This assessment of these labour market effects
      suggests that increasing mental health care funding could yield substantial
      benefits to the economy. IMPLICATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: In 2007 a further
      survey of the Australian population was carried out that will provide an updated
      data set against which to re-examine this issue. The issue of comparability of
      the instrumentation between the two surveys will be complex, but valid
      comparisons across the two surveys should be feasible.

PMID- 19996475
TI  - Long-term consequences of childhood ADHD on criminal activities.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most
      prevalent mental health problems facing children. Little is known of the long
      term consequences of ADHD on young adult outcomes. AIMS OF THE STUDY: We examine
      the associations between childhood ADHD symptoms and criminal activities as a
      young adult. METHODS: We use a nationally representative study of US adolescents
      and logistic regression analysis to examine our research question. We also
      control for common family factors using sibling random and fixed effects and test
      the robustness of our results in several ways. RESULTS: The empirical estimates
      show that children who experience ADHD symptoms face a substantially increased
      likelihood of engaging in many types of criminal activities. An included
      calculation of the social costs associated with criminal activities by
      individuals with childhood ADHD finds the costs to be substantial. DISCUSSION:
      Our study provides the first evidence using a nationally representative dataset
      of the long term consequences on criminal activities of childhood ADHD. Our
      results are quite robust to a number of specification checks. Limitations of our
      study include that our measures of ADHD are retrospective, we have no information
      on treatment for ADHD, and it remains possible that our results are confounded by
      unmeasured variables. IMPLICATIONS: Our results suggest that children showing
      ADHD symptoms should be viewed as a group at high risk of poor outcomes as young
      adults. As such, a good case can be made for targeting intervention programs on
      this group of children and conducting evaluations to learn if such interventions
      are effective in reducing the probability that these children commit a crime.
      Development of such intervention programs and evaluating them for efficiency
      could be dollars well spent in terms of crime and drug abuse averted.

PMID- 19996476
TI  - Economic analyses of multiple addictions for men and women.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study seeks to address analytical issues regarding the joint
      usage of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, focusing on incomes, taxes, and gender
      related differences. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Many studies analyze a single addictive
      substance, with the maintained assumption (often due to data inadequacies) that
      the use of other addictive substances does not matter. Using a database that is
      uniquely suited to the task, this study examines economic determinants of
      addiction probabilities and decomposes the differences between men and women into
      risk factors and probabilities. METHODS: The study uses the 2001-2002 National
      Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) database. The
      NESARC, representing the entire non-institutionalized U.S. population age 18 and
      over, is the primary source for information and data on: (i) alcohol and drug
      use; (ii) alcohol and drug abuse and dependence; and (iii) associated psychiatric
      and other medical comorbidities. The study then proposes a multinomial logit
      modeling strategy that addresses endogeneity of smoking, drinking, and drug use.
      Parameter estimates then predict absolute and marginal probabilities and look at
      gender and age related differences. The study also develops and demonstrates a
      new decomposition for analyzing the differences between men's and women's uses of
      addictive substances. RESULTS: Women, Blacks, and Hispanics are less likely to
      engage in addictive behaviors. Increased cigarette and beer taxes negatively
      affect probabilities of smoking and drinking. Increasing both cigarette and beer
      taxes is related both to more abstinence (none of the three types of substances),
      and to more use of drugs (which are untaxed). DISCUSSION: The measured impacts of
      current income and current taxes on addictive goods are strong even though
      addictive decisions are almost certainly longer term decisions, reflecting both
      current and past prices. However, the impacts of current incomes and taxes in the
      multinomial logit formulations are highly significant and the results are
      plausible. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE PROVISION AND USE: To the extent that
      taxes can reduce harmful addictive behaviors, the utilization and cost of health
      care attributable to addiction may be reduced. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY:
      Higher taxes have strong potential negative impacts on addictive behaviors. The
      effects differ, however, by gender, race, and age, and ethnicity. IMPLICATIONS
      FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: The analysis could be extended to two part models, in which
      quantities and/or expenditures on alcohol, tobacco, or drugs may be examined,
      conditional on the individuals' specific categories of addictive substance used.
      With panel data, decisions on starting and/or stopping drinking, smoking, or
      ingesting drugs may also be considered.

PMID- 19996477
TI  - The impact of mental health on labour market outcomes in China.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mental illnesses account for 20% of the total burden of disease in
      China. Yet, health policy in China has not devoted much attention to mental
      health problems and their impact on Chinese society. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The
      objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of mental health status on
      labour market outcomes, such as employment and income, and provide evidence about
      some of the economic consequences of mental illnesses. METHODS: Using the China
      Health Surveillance Baseline 2001 Survey and an instrumental variables estimation
      approach, we address possible reverse causation between work and mental health.
      To estimate the impact of self-reported mental health status, we use the two-part
      model, the first part estimating a logit equation for the probability of being
      employed and the second-part estimating an ordinary least squares (OLS) model on
      the log of individual income condition on being employed. We use a list of
      symptoms of mental disorders to constitute a measure of mental health status. Our
      identification strategy relies on instruments that measure average mental health
      status by zip code other than the observed individual to implement an
      instrumental variables model. RESULTS: Both men and women suffer a significant
      reduction in the employment rate and annual income if the average mental health
      deteriorates at a population level. The mental health index has a positive and
      significant effect on the likelihood of being employed. Our findings are
      consistent with what has been found in industrialised countries. DISCUSSION: This
      is the first empirical study that reveals that poor mental health status can be
      disruptive of labour market activities in China. A rapid rise of mental and
      behavioural problems in population reflects the transition to a market economy
      and indicates pressing problems that have gone unrecognised and unaddressed. The
      negative economic consequences in labour market outcomes suggest a potential gain
      from preventing and curing the mental disorder. Our study about the impact of
      mental health on labour market participation adds value to the effort of evidence
      based, decision-making process by the Chinese government. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH
      CARE PROVISION AND POLICIES: A larger effort is required from the Chinese
      government and society in providing individuals with mental illnesses easier
      access to mental health care and better treatment. Allocating more resources to
      prevention and intervention and changing societal attitude towards individuals
      with mental illnesses should be important components in China's mental health
      policy. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE RESEARCH: A quantitative analysis on how
      much economic gain can be achieved from treatment and the trade-off between costs
      and benefits of treating mental disorders in China needs to be conducted in the
      future. In addition, further study on understanding the mental health delivery
      system in China should be conducted. By investigating care seeking, organisation
      of treatment and financing of care delivery, we may be able to identify high
      priority investments in mental health care.

PMID- 19996478
TI  - Contribution of genomics to the understanding of physiological functions.
AB  - Genomics has brought with it a true biological revolution and can be applied to
      all areas of life sciences. The advent of genomics is thus linked to the
      development of high-throughput techniques which allows the genome of organisms as
      a whole to be studied. The first high-throughput techniques to be developed were
      sequencing methods. These advances will allow new approaches to a variety of
      problems in biology. For instance, the emerging fields of genomic medicine in
      humans and genomic selection in livestock are promising. After the sequencing of
      genomes, genomics has shifted to the study of gene expression and function. This
      is called the "post-genomic area" by some authors or "functional genomics" by
      others. The most recent "omics" to be developed are associated with the study of
      the metabolism (e.g. metabolomics). Integrative "omics" approaches (e.g.
      nutrigenomics) are based on the association of the omics tools at different
      levels (DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites) for a specific objective (here
      nutrition). In terms of perspectives, it is likely that methods for collecting
      data will outstrip our capacity to adequately analyse these data. So scientists
      must develop bioinformatic tools and methods to overcome this difficulty. In
      addition, high-throughput techniques need to be developed in physiology in order
      to match the increasing amount of genomic information with true biological data.
      Finally, there is no doubt that all these new approaches will allow important new
      genes and novel biological mechanisms to be discovered. Physiological models with
      invalidated or over-expressed genes will be precious tools to check these new
      biological discoveries.

PMID- 19996479
TI  - Adverse effects of nutritional programming during prenatal and early postnatal
      life, some aspects of regulation and potential prevention and treatments.
AB  - Nutritional programming, regulation and some ways for prevention/treatment to
      ameliorate or normalize adverse outcomes of programming are discussed.
      Epidemiological studies in human and animal experiments showed that nutrition
      during fetal and neonatal life may lead to related disorders in adulthood. But
      several argues may question its validity arising the question of the adequate
      models used to reproduce human situations. Protein level in milk formula intake
      by infant during neonatal life is discussed. Body weight at birth reflects the
      product growth trajectory during fetal life. Low birth weight is considered as
      the result of an adverse growth trajectory and is often associated with later
      metabolic diseases in adult age. But, the sum of prenatal growth trajectory,
      rapid growth in early infancy (catch up growth), early adiposity rebound in
      childhood must be considered to determine the origins of later diseases in
      adulthood. The review focuses the regulation of nutritional imprinting on
      hormonal and epigenetic mechanisms which are complementary. The HPA axis and GH
      IGF axis may have a crucial role in the regulation induced by nutritional
      programming. The persistent alterations seem to be a consequence, at least in
      part, of elevated insulin levels during "critical periods" of pre- and early
      postnatal development. Also, leptin seems to play an important role in this
      complex system. New knowledge about these mechanisms involved suggest the
      development of new, rational, and effective preventive and/or therapeutic options
      before and/or after birth. Thus, early infancy may provide an opportunity for
      intervention aimed at reducing later disease risk.

PMID- 19996480
TI  - Gastrointestinal tract and digestion in the young ruminant: ontogenesis,
      adaptations, consequences and manipulations.
AB  - Young calves have to deal with at least three major situations that require
      profound physiological and digestive adaptations: adaptation to extra-uterine
      life (up to the first postnatal week), maintenance at a pre-ruminant stage over a
      long period (3 to 5 months or more), and weaning. This paper reports results
      obtained on the development (growth and differentiation) of the gastrointestinal
      tract, and on digestive enzyme activities as well as some aspects of the
      regulation by gut regulatory peptides. In the newborn calf, the maturation of the
      small intestine depends on pregnancy duration (preterm vs. full term) and
      ingestion of colostrum from first milking. The function of gut enterocytes
      evolves along with the changes from fetal to adult enterocytes. The origin of
      dietary protein in pre-ruminant and weaning calves modifies SI morphology.
      Chymosin, elastase II and lactase are typical postnatal enzymes, whereas pepsin,
      ribonuclease and amylase become important especially following weaning. Nitrogen
      digestibility increases during the first month of life and is modified by
      replacement of skim milk powder with non-milk proteins. Milk formula
      supplementation with Nabutyrate increases pancreatic secretions and
      digestibility. The gastrointestinal tract development depends on gut regulatory
      peptides plasma and luminal concentrations. The response to exogenous peptides is
      in relation with their number and type of functional receptors and with the
      animal age. Experimental work with young ruminants is important not only for the
      species involved, but also for its implications to other mammalians.

PMID- 19996481
TI  - Effect of sodium butyrate supplementation in milk replacer and starter diet on
      rumen development in calves.
AB  - Rumen development is an important factor determining early solid feed intake and
      performance in cattle. A popular trend towards early weaning of newborn dairy
      calves necessitated looking for ways of accelerating the gastrointestinal tract
      (GIT) development. The present study aimed to determine the effect of sodium
      butyrate (NaB) supplementation in milk replacer and starter diet on rumen
      development in rearing calves. Fourteen bull calves (5-day-old) were randomly
      allocated to two groups: Control (C) and NaB. The later received 0.3 % NaB in
      milk replacer and starter diet. Animals were in experiment up to age of 26 days.
      Addition of NaB to milk replacer and starter diet had no effect on daily growth
      rate, but reduced the weight loss observed in C calves in first 11 days of age.
      Additionally, the NaB calves weighed more at the end of the study and tended to
      have higher growth rate in the whole trial period (P<0.15). The NaB calves showed
      a tendency toward higher reticulorumen weight (P=0.13) and higher reticulorumen
      weight expressed as a percent of whole stomach weight (P=0.02) as compared to
      control. Histometry analysis indicated larger rumen papillae length and width
      (P<0.01) in NaB group, and no change in muscle layer thickness, as compared to
      control. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 relative increase was higher in NaB group
      than in C group, and may be involved in rumen development. In conclusion,
      supplementation of the diet (milk replacer and starter diet) with NaB may enhance
      rumen development in neonatal calves.

PMID- 19996482
TI  - Growth is dependent on the exocrine pancreas function in young weaners but not in
      growing-finishing pigs.
AB  - A correlation between the exocrine pancreatic function and growth has been
      previously demonstrated in growing pigs but the data are inconsistent. This was
      investigated by studying the growth performance of pigs with exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency (EPI) at different ages and maintained under similar conditions.
      Twelve 7 week old (10.5+/-1.3 kg) weaners, and twelve 16 week old (43+/-5 kg)
      growing-finishing pigs were used in the experiments, and 6 pigs from each group
      were operated and pancreatic duct-ligated. Starting at 3-5 weeks after the
      operation, when EPI had developed, weekly recordings of feed consumption and
      growth were done before, during and after feed supplementation with porcine
      pancreatin (Creon 10000). In weaner pigs, EPI caused growth arrest while it did
      not affect the growth of older pigs, as compared to respective un-operated groups
      of pigs. The daily feed consumption (DFC) was lower in the weaner EPI pigs while
      it was similar in the growing-finishing EPI-pigs, as compared to un-operated
      pigs. Feed supplementation with Creon improved the DFC and growth in both the EPI
      and un-operated pigs. In conclusion, the results showed the importance of the
      exocrine pancreatic function for growth in weaner pigs, while in older animals it
      played a minor role in growth. Feed supplementation with pancreatin increased the
      appetite and ensured an improved feed conversion.

PMID- 19996483
TI  - Physiological and morphological effects of long-term vagal stimulation in diet
      induced obesity in rats.
AB  - Some previous studies have shown suppressive effect of the vagal nerve
      stimulation (VNS) on long - term feeding regulation in rats. We assessed body
      weight, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), myenteric plexus neurons, mast cells
      in the stomach, duodenum and colon and c-Fos expression in nodose vagal ganglia
      in the rats with VNS. Male Wistar rats were implanted with microchip (MC) and
      kept during the whole study (100 days) on high calorie diet. Left vagal nerve was
      stimulated by electrical pulses (10ms, 200mV, 0.05Hz) generated by MC. After
      finishing the experiments tissue samples (stomach, duodenum, colon and nodosal
      vagal ganglia) were taken. Mast cells were toluidine blue stained and counted in
      mucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. For immunostaining, antibodies for ICC
      (CD117), myenteric plexus neurons (PGP9.5) and c-Fos were used. Positive cells
      were assessed by image analysis. Chronic microchip vagal stimulation
      significantly decreased epididymal fat pad weight, meal size with effect on
      decreased weight gain in VNS rat. VNS significantly increased mast cells number
      in all examined parts of the gastrointestinal wall, mainly in the muscularis.
      There were no significant differences in ICC and myenteric plexus neurons between
      VNS and control. Expression of c-Fos in nodosal ganglia was higher in VNS group.
      The effects observed during long-term VNS concern predominantly mast cells. These
      data support the theory that VNS can increase vagal afferent satiety signals
      leading to reduced food intake and body weight gain and mast cells are involved
      in this process.

PMID- 19996484
TI  - Is melatonin involved in the irritable bowel syndrome?
AB  - There is a substantial evidence that large quantities of melatonin are produced
      in gastrointestinal tract, however, is still unclear which is the role of
      melatonin in digestive system in human physiology and pathophysiology. In the
      present study we investigated urinary excretion of a main melatonin metabolite, 6
      sulphatoxymelatonin, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The
      investigation was carried out in 67 persons, both sexes, aged 20-45 years old who
      according to Rome III Criteria were diagnosed as sufferers of constipation (C
      IBS, n=21 persons) or diarrhoea (D-IBS, n=24 persons) form of irritable bowel
      syndrome and as healthy subjects (K, n=22), matched for control. Samples were
      obtained from the collected diurnal urine. The concentration of 6
      sulphatoxymelatonin (6-SMLT) was measured with ELISA method, creatinine (crea)
      was automatically analyzed with biochemical analyzer and 6-SMLT/crea calculated.
      There were statistically significant differences between groups: the 6-SMLT/crea
      level was lower in C-IBS (103.86+/- 82.83 ng/mg) and D-IBS (112.72+/-85.29 ng/mg)
      groups compared to K group (202.7+/-89.28 ng/mg), respectively, p=0.002, p=0.003.
      There were no differences between C-IBS and D-IBS groups, however, there were
      observed differences between men and women with C-IBS. The 6-SMLT/crea. level was
      higher in women with C-IBS (139.31+/-96.45) compared to men with C-IBS (35.51+/
      41.05) (p=0.04). These results suggest that different melatonin secretion and
      metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 19996485
TI  - Adipohormones as prognostric markers in patients with nonalcoholic
      steatohepatitis (NASH).
AB  - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents one of the most common liver
      diseases. It is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance and is
      thought to be part of the metabolic syndrome. NASH can progress to cirrhosis and
      liver failure. Adipohormones, synthesized in adipose tissue, are involved in the
      pathophysiology of many acute and chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study
      was to evaluate the plasma concentrations of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF
      alpha and Il-6 in patients with NASH, as well as their correlation with the
      pathologic parameters. Serum concentration of leptin, adiponectin, resistin,
      insulin, TNF-alpha, IL-6 were measured with ELISA method. Liver biopsies were
      obtained from 18 (age 42.55+/-21 years) patients. NASH has been classified
      according to Dixon score. The control group was represented by 16 non-obese
      subjects. Mean serum concentration of adiponectin in patients with NASH was
      significantly lower than in healthy subjects (4.87+/-1.96 vs. 8.33+/-4.56 ng/ml;
      p<0.05). Mean serum levels of TNF-alpha in patients with NASH were significantly
      higher than in controls (34.2+/-19.7 vs. 20.7+/-15.5 ng/ml; p<0.05). In patients
      with more advanced inflammation (grade 2-3) and fibrosis (stage 2) in pathology,
      serum concentration of leptin was significantly higher than in patients with
      steatosis and less advanced inflammation (grade 1) and fibrosis (stage 1) (median
      8.94 vs. 16.2 ng/ml; p<0.05). No significant differences of serum concentration
      of others adipohormones between these two groups of patients were stated.
      Moreover, we observed the correlation in serum levels (examined group vs
      controls) between: resistin and TNF-alpha (r = 0.62; p<0.05), adiponectin and IL
      6 (r = -0.60; p<0.05) and leptin and insulin (r = -0.51; p<0.05). In conclusion,
      based on our study we speculate that changes of adipohormones levels may be
      markers of NASH and the serum level of leptin can be associated with more
      advanced form of NASH.

PMID- 19996486
TI  - Changes in insulin like growth factors, myostatin and vascular endothelial growth
      factor in rat musculus latissimus dorsi by poly-3-hydroxybutyrate implants.
AB  - The present study aimed at researching the synergistic effect between an ectopic
      bone substitute and surrounding muscle tissue. To describe this effect, changes
      of insulin like growth factors (IGF1, IGF2), myostatin (GDF8) and vascular
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA content of 12 Wistar-King rats musculus
      latissimus dorsi with implanted poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) scaffold were
      examined after 6 and 12 weeks. At each time interval six rats were killed and
      implants and surrounding tissues prepared for genetic evaluation. Eight rats
      without any implants served as controls. RNA was extracted from homogenized
      muscle tissue and reverse transcribed. Changes in mRNA content were measured by
      Real-Time PCR using specific primers for IGF1, IGF2, GDF8 and VEGF. Comparing the
      level of VEGF mRNA in muscle after 6 and 12 weeks to the controls, we could
      assess a significant increase of VEGF gene expression (p<0.05) whereas the level
      of mRNA expression was higher after 6 than after 12 weeks of treatment.
      Expression of IGF1 gene was also significantly increased as compared to the
      controls over the observed period of time (p<0.05). In the case of the IGF2 gene,
      the expression was significantly elevated after 6 weeks (p<0.05), but not
      significantly increased after 12 weeks (p>0.05). We observed a significantly
      decreased GDF8 gene expression (p<0.05) both after retrieval of implants after 6
      as well as after 12 weeks. Moreover, mRNA level of GDF8 after 6 and 12 weeks were
      comparable the same. Our results show that PHB implants in rat musculus
      latissimus dorsi interact with the surrounding muscle tissue. This interaction
      works itself on growth potential of the muscle.

PMID- 19996487
TI  - Pasture-feeding of Charolais steers influences skeletal muscle metabolism and
      gene expression.
AB  - Extensive beef production systems on pasture are promoted to improve animal
      welfare and beef quality. This study aimed to compare the influence on muscle
      characteristics of two management approaches representative of intensive and
      extensive production systems. One group of 6 Charolais steers was fed maize
      silage indoors and another group of 6 Charolais steers grazed on pasture.
      Activities of enzymes representative of glycolytic and oxidative (Isocitrate
      dehydrogenase [ICDH], citrate synthase [CS], hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase [HAD])
      muscle metabolism were assessed in Rectus abdominis (RA) and Semitendinosus (ST)
      muscles. Activities of oxidative enzymes ICDH, CS and HAD were higher in muscles
      from grazing animals demonstrating a plasticity of muscle metabolism according to
      the production and feeding system. Gene expression profiling in RA and ST muscles
      was performed on both production groups using a multi-tissue bovine cDNA
      repertoire. Variance analysis showed an effect of the muscle type and of the
      production system on gene expression (P<0.001). A list of the 212 most variable
      genes according to the production system was established, of which 149 genes
      corresponded to identified genes. They were classified according to their gene
      function annotation mainly in the "protein metabolism and modification", "signal
      transduction", "cell cycle", "developmental processes" and "muscle contraction"
      biological processes. Selenoprotein W was found to be underexpressed in pasture
      fed animals and could be proposed as a putative gene marker of the grass-based
      system. In conclusion, enzyme-specific adaptations and gene expression
      modifications were observed in response to the production system and some of them
      could be candidates for grazing or grass-feeding traceability.

PMID- 19996488
TI  - Validation of a Dot-Blot quantitative technique for large scale analysis of beef
      tenderness biomarkers.
AB  - Beef tenderness is a very complex and multifactorial sensorial meat quality
      trait, which depends partly on muscle characteristics. This tissue is very
      variable according to animal type (age, breed and sex) and rearing conditions.
      Consequently, beef tenderness exhibits a great variability. Different research
      programs have revealed several genes or proteins which could be good markers of
      beef tenderness. In order to validate the relation of these markers with beef
      tenderness on a large population of bovines, it is necessary to have a large
      scale and trusty technique which can access different quantities of proteins
      related to tenderness. In this study we firstly compared Western-Blot and Dot
      Blot. Secondly, we evaluated Dot-Blot technical and biological capabilities for
      the quantification of protein biomarkers. The results demonstrated that the Dot
      Blot technique with fluorescence detection presents numerous interests. This
      technique allows a good reproducibility and permits the simultaneous analysis of
      a large number of samples. The Dot-Blot technique defined and validated in this
      study can be used for protein biomarkers analyses, notably to predict beef
      tenderness. Another major result of this study is that about 5 to 10 animals per
      group are required to detect large differences (>1.5) in biomarker expression
      between tender and tough beef, whereas much larger numbers of animals (10 to 30)
      are required to detect smaller differences (about 1.2 to 1.3) taking into account
      the biological variability of these markers.

PMID- 19996489
TI  - Cannabidiol-induced lymphopenia does not involve NKT and NK cells.
AB  - The major non-psychoactive compound of cannabis plant, cannabidiol, has been
      reported to be a promising therapeutic agent for many inflammatory, autoimmune
      and neurodegenerative diseases. In spite of growing interest in therapeutic use
      of cannabidiol very little is known about its influence on the immune system.
      Present study aimed to evaluate lymphocyte subsets distribution in peripheral
      blood after repeated, systemic administration of cannabidiol. Adult male Wistar
      rats received intraperitoneal injections of vehicle or cannabidiol at dose of 2.5
      or 5 mg/kg/day, for 14 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected one hour
      after the last injection. Three-color immunofluorescent antibody staining
      procedure (CD3-FITC/CD45RA-PC7/CD161A-APC and CD3-FITC/CD4-PC7/CD8-APC) was used
      for determination of T, B, NK, NKT, T helper, and T cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets.
      Total leukocyte number and percentage numbers of leukocyte subpopulations were
      also assessed. Administration of cannabidiol at dose of 5 mg/kg caused a
      significant decrease in total leukocyte number and a significant fall in total
      numbers of T, B, and both T helper and T cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets. This
      immunosuppressive effect did not affect the total numbers of NK and NKT cells
      that are responsible for the primary, nonspecific antiviral and antitumor immune
      response. In contrast, administration of cannabidiol at dose of 2.5 mg/kg
      increased the total and percentage NKT cells numbers, and the percentage number
      of NK cells. The results suggest that repeated treatment with cannabidiol
      inhibits specific immunity by reduction of T, B, T cytotoxic, and T helper cell
      numbers, and may enhance nonspecific antiviral and antitumor immune response
      related to NK and NKT cells.

PMID- 19996490
TI  - Cell junction disruption after 36 h milk accumulation was associated with changes
      in mammary secretory tissue activity and dynamics in lactating dairy goats.
AB  - Milk stasis in the mammary gland is a situation that induces a reduction in milk
      yield and a change in its composition. Theses changes could be related to a
      decrease in the number and/or activity of secretory cells. Previous observations
      showed that a disruption of cell junctions is one of the early phenomena
      accompanying milk accumulation in the mammary gland. The aim of the present study
      was to investigate the local effect of 36 h milk accumulation on mammary cells
      activity, apoptosis and proliferation. We also studied the expression of cell
      junction proteins after 36 h of milk stasis. We observed a decrease in the
      quantity of milk produced after 36 h of milk stasis in goat. Lower milk lactose
      and protein yields were also observed, which was associated with a decrease in
      the transcripts of genes involved in synthesis of these constituents, such as
      alpha-lactalbumin and kappa-casein. Mammary gland apoptosis was more intensive
      than mammary cell proliferation after 36 h of milk accumulation. All these
      changes were associated with an up-regulation of E-cadherin protein and increase
      of its transcripts levels. It could suggest that these adjustments are made in
      order to limit losses of secretory cell number and activity.

PMID- 19996491
TI  - The major protein fraction of mouse milk revisited using proven proteomic tools.
AB  - The PRM/Alf inbred mice exhibit a huge intestinal lengthening. Since milk
      contains bioactive factors implied in numerous biological processes, one
      hypothesis is that PRM/Alf milk contains intestinotrophic factors contributing to
      this remarkable phenotype. A comparison between the milk from PRM/Alf and
      C57BL/6J (as a control) strains could be helpful in the identification of such
      factors, including proteins. However, a complete description of the mouse milk
      major protein fraction is still missing. Hence we adapted a reliable technique to
      separate and identify the major mouse milk proteins. This approach was achieved
      through the protein study of milk from C57BL/6J and PWK/Pas strains
      representative of two Mus musculus subspecies, M. m. domesticus and M. m.
      musculus respectively. C57BL/6J milk samples were first skimmed and fractionated
      by reverse phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC). The protein content of each chromatographic peak
      was analysed by SDS-PAGE and identified by mass spectrometry. This methodological
      approach allowed characterization of nine major mouse milk proteins: alpha(s1),
      beta, gamma, epsilon and kappa-caseins, Whey Acidic Protein, lactoferrin, Serum
      Albumin, Fatty Acid Binding Protein, as well as an alpha(s1)-casein isoform.
      Then, RP-HPLC patterns of C57BL/6J milk proteins were compared with those
      obtained starting from the milk of PWK/Pas females. This comparison revealed a
      protein polymorphism for the alpha(s1)-casein.

PMID- 19996492
TI  - Urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins in goats during the neonatal
      period.
AB  - Urinary protein excretion occurs in neonates of many animal species, as well as
      in human neonates. However, the incidence, dynamics, and mechanism of proteinuria
      have not been unambiguously explained. The aims of this study were to investigate
      into excretion of selected protein fractions of molecular weight less than 69 kDa
      (LMW), evaluation of intensity and dynamics of changes during the first month of
      kids' life, and an attempt to explain the causes of neonatal proteinuria. The
      analysis were carried out on 16 kids of White Improved goats, over the period
      from birth until 30 days of age, using clearance methods. Urine proteins were
      separated electrophoretically (SDSPAGE), and their concentration and percentage
      content was determined by densitometric method with the use of archiving and
      image analysis software. The proteins found in the urine were grouped as HMW, LMW
      and albumin. For six fractions of LMW proteins, excretion rates and percentage
      content of the urinary total LMW protein pool were calculated. It has been
      demonstrated that neonatal proteinuria in goat kids is associated with a high
      level of excretion of proteins of lower molecular weight than albumin (69 kDa). A
      strong dynamics of changes in excretion of particular LMW protein fractions with
      age was observed, which may imply not only an increased permeability of
      glomerular filtration barrier, especially over the first days of life, but also a
      selectivity of reabsorption mechanisms in the nephrons. An increased permeability
      of glomerular filtration barrier for proteins during the first days of life may
      represent the adaptive mechanism for removal of protein excess from the organism.
      The urinary LMW protein pool may also contain proteins resulting from the
      hydrolysis in the tubular cells.

PMID- 19996493
TI  - Effects of ovariectomy in prepubertal goats.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of ovariectomy on
      mammary gland development in prepubertal goats and to validate this model to
      study mammogenesis in young dairy ruminants. In this experiment, 3 months of aged
      goats were ovariectomized (ovx) while shammed goats played as surgery controls
      (sham). Thereafter, sham and ovx goats were slaughtered at 7 months of age to
      provide tissue for the assays. Results demonstrated that proliferation of mammary
      of mammary epithelial cells was significantly lower in ovariectomized goats
      compared to control goats. In ovx animal, epithelium structures were completely
      overstretched and epithelial ducts were undeveloped with limited branching
      whereas control animals had classical complex arborescent units with multiple
      round ductules and limited stroma. Concerning ERalpha (estrogen receptor alpha),
      PR (progesterone receptor) and P450 (aromatase) expression, results showed number
      of ERalpha, PR and P450 positive cells was higher in shammed goats compared to
      ovariectomized goats. All this results suggested that goat mammogenesis and
      ovarian control are similar to prepubertal heifers and that young goats are a
      good model to study mammary gland development in ruminants. In conclusion, we
      demonstrated that ovariectomy of prepubertal goats decreased proliferation of
      mammary epithelial cells with a profound alteration of cell adhesion molecules.

PMID- 19996494
TI  - [Methodology of complex double, comminuted and composite femoral bone fracture
      treatment].
AB  - One of the pressing and complicated problems in modern traumatology is the
      treatment of complicated-composite femoral bone fractures. During treatment two
      and three-level fractures pose most difficulties, as well as fractures with total
      destruction of the bone. For treatment of such fractures it is quite problematic
      to select an apparatus which would best suit a single-stage osteosynthesis of
      fractures of proximal, middle and distal parts of femoral bone. On the basis of
      newly-developed external fixation apparatuses and methods of their application,
      hybrid apparatus application proves to be most suitable for transosseous
      osteosynthesis, due to its highest possible functionality, stability, and
      adaptability to the segment.

PMID- 19996495
TI  - [Biomechanics of fragment fixation stability of new bar apparatus].
AB  - Bone fracture management by newly-developed apparatus for Orthopedics and
      Traumatology was analyzed. One of the most important aspects of transosseous
      osteosynthesis biomechanics is apparatus application geometry, i.e. spatial
      location of the apparatus in relation to the subject-matter segment. The
      apparatus were complementary to the segment, which alongside with other factors
      guarantees maximal stability of the "bone-apparatus" system.

PMID- 19996496
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with low ejection fraction.
AB  - Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been widely used for the treatment of
      patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with low ejection fraction (EF)
      are at a higher risk for postoperative complications and mortality. Our objective
      was to assess the effect of low EF on clinical outcomes of CABG. We analyzed 1156
      patients, who have undergone CABG in our department between 2002 - 2009 years.
      Patients were stratified into I of II EF groups: I Group - EF< or = 35% (100
      patients) and II Group - EF > 35 % (1056 patients). EF was estimated by left
      ventriculography preoperatively and by echocardiography postoperatively. Surgical
      treatment was carried out only in cases, where the target coronary arteries were
      of relatively good diameter, to achieve complete revascularization. Group I
      experienced a higher incidence of postoperative respiratory failure.
      intraoperative mortality - 0, postoperative mortality- 4 (4%), reoperation - 0.
      Postoperative survival data were available for 73 patients. These data were
      obtained from our own medical records. This follow up manifested, that long term
      survival was 95, 8%. EF significant improvement (EF >40%) was in 82% and EF
      unimportant improvement only in 13% of cases. Multivariate analysis showed
      previous myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, age, diabetes mellitus
      and arterial hypertension as independent significant predictors of in-hospital
      complications. Patients with low EF have higher incidence of postoperative
      complications, as well as preoperative sickness and risk factors, than patients
      with normal EF. Therefore CABG remains a viable option in selected patients with
      low EF. In patients with compromised left ventricular function and low EF, caused
      by atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, lyal factors of CABG are angina and
      qualitative coronary arteries.

PMID- 19996497
TI  - [The current approaches to chronic prostatitis problems].
AB  - The current literature on mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of
      prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is reviewed. Based on the
      literature and own observation it is suggested that, in the pathogenesis of
      chronic prostatitis are involved several mechanisms, and the mechanism of
      infection, especially in the later stages of the disease, is not determinative.
      Author gives his views concerning the chronic prostatitis. He suggests that the
      disease is laid down by virus (or group of viruses) which exists in the cell
      during embryonic life. Lifelong effect of virus (or group of viruses) on cells
      may initiate different chronic inflammatory processes and different pathologic
      changes in the organism, including prostatitis. Analysis of the literature showed
      a lack of a complete understanding of the causes and mechanisms of chronic
      prostatitis, but it also showed that the prostatitis syndrome is no longer a
      faceless myth. It is a reality, and the new awareness of its importance may give
      new hope for patients suffering from this intractable pain syndrome Further
      research in this area will help to better understand the nature of chronic
      prostatitis and find the best possible solutions in its treatment.

PMID- 19996498
TI  - [Effectiveness of unimag in the treatment of catarrhal gingivitis].
AB  - Results of microbiological investigation of catarrhal gingivitis on the
      background of treatment with Unimag are presented in the work. Preparation Unimag
      is a stable suspension of magnetic nano-particles. Unimag is magnetic-sensitive,
      X-ray contrast, bactericidal substance; it increases functional activity of
      phagocytes and characterizes with high penetration ability in tissues. Studies
      have revealed that treatment with Unimag of the patients with catarrhal and
      gingivitis rapidly normalizes quantity of microbes in the oral cavity,
      substituting the gram-negative pathogenic flora for the gram-positive
      microorganisms in the oral cavity. Unimag increases sensitivity of pathogenic
      flora towards the anti-bacterial preparations. All the above-mentioned are
      significant for efficient impact on damaging factors during inflammation.

PMID- 19996499
TI  - Influence of acoustic rhinometry, rhinoresistometry and endoscopic sinus surgery
      on voice quality.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with documented chronic paranasal sinusitis, being in need of
      endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery were subjected to voice analysis. Tape
      recordings of sustained vowels were performed both pre- and postoperatively. All
      voice samples were examined with a system of sound spectrographic analysis.
      Patients with nasal obstruction, detected by active anterior rhinomanometry were
      excluded from further studies. Analysis of pre- and postoperative spectograms was
      focused on changes in center frequency as well as on a bandwidth of the initial
      four formants. The variations in specific differences of the formant frequencies
      and amplitudes were also estimated. The different subgroups of patients revealed
      significant alterations in the parameters studied. The vowels [a:] and [i:]
      showed inverse changes in measured values. Evaluation of the vowel [u:], on the
      other hand, was restricted due to artifactual scattering of individual values. In
      general, the bandwidths diminished postoperatively and energy peaks of formants
      increased proportinally. In 6 out of 21 patients, one third of the cases
      examined, after surgery the patients detected perceptual changes in speech. Based
      on our data obtained it is recommended to inform all patients as well as voice
      professionals about the possible speech alterations of the speech after endonasal
      sinus surgery.

PMID- 19996500
TI  - Assessment of the value of pre-catheterization in diagnosis of st-segment
      elevation myocardial infarction and tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The aim of our study was to assess if the analysis of precatheterisation initial
      12-lead ECG could reliably differentiate between Taco-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC)
      and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), two conditions with a
      similar clinical presentation. Of the 320 patients with suspected STEMI who
      underwent angiography over a 2-year period we identified 23 (7.2%) patients
      without significant coronary artery disease. 6 (26.1%) of whom met the diagnostic
      criteria for Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy (6 females, median age 70 (65-83) years).
      TTC patients were compared with the remaining 297 patients with angiographic
      evidence of CAD. There was no significant difference in regard with heart rate,
      PR interval, QRS duration, and corrected QT interval, but QT dispersion was less
      in TTC patients compared to STEMI group (34.1+/-9.7 vs. 43.9+/-16.2 p=0.046).
      Distribution of ST-segment elevation was similar in both groups, but the sum of
      the level of ST-segment elevation was significantly smaller (0,6+/-0.14 [0,4-0,8]
      mV vs. 0.95+/-0.17 [0,8-1,4] mV; p =0.002 ) and concurrent ST-segment depression
      was rare finding in TTC patients (16.6% vs. 65.7 % p=0.022). Careful analysis of
      initial ECG in combination with complex analysis of initial cardiac markers and
      presence of preceding stressful event could be informative tool in
      differentiating of TTC from STEMI.

PMID- 19996501
TI  - [Immune status in hiv-infected patients with candidosis].
AB  - In order to identify changes in immune status in patients with HIV infection in
      combination with candidosis, 52 adult patients were investigated who were divided
      into three groups: HIV-positives with candidosis (n=22), HIV positives without
      concomitant disease (n=10) and control group (n=20). Immunological investigations
      included immunophenotyping of lymphocytes, assessment of activity of phagocytosis
      by NBT test, measuring levels of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes
      in the serum. It was shown that the reduction of the absolute numbers of CD3 +
      and CD4 + lymphocytes is accompanied by the disturbances in humoral immunity,
      which are expressed by the hyperproduction of IgG, IgM, IgA antibodies. In
      patients from both (1st and 2nd) groups an apparent decrease of immunoregulatory
      index (IRI) has been revealed in comparison to the control group. In HIV-infected
      patients with candidosis IRI value was 0.418+/-0.06 vs. 1.6+/-0.04 in controls.
      Increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and decline in NBT-test
      parameters were also observed. Phagocytic activity measured by NBT-test was
      lowered twice, and the level of CIC was 80.9+/-4.5 vs. 49.2+/-1.6 in controls.

PMID- 19996502
TI  - [Nicotine and benz(alpha)piren concentration in saliva of inveterate tobacco
      smokers].
AB  - The aim of the work is study in saliva the nicotine and benz(alphapiren
      concentration dynamic in morning without cigarette, after light first cigarette
      and after one hour after lighting. All biochemical substances is analyzed and
      identified chromatographically on Bondo-Pac C(18) column (Liquid Chromatography
      Millipor-Waters, USA). The conducted quantitative and qualitative analyzes show
      that at all examinations benz(alpha)piren concentration dynamic in saliva is very
      differently in compare of nicotine concentration dynamic. The content of
      benz(alpha)piren in saliva at all analyzes transfer very slowly. Our data show
      that with the increase of the time the concentration of nicotine in saliva in
      beginning increase, add then diminish. The studies are necessary to be held in
      different directions. First, the medical consequences of using the tobacco and
      the ways of their curing should be identified. The second direction should mean
      elaboration of preventive measures and programs, or measures of intervention.

PMID- 19996503
TI  - [Comparative study of recurrent and bipolar depression].
AB  - The purpose of the study was to determine clinical and diagnostic distinctions
      between the episodes of recurrent depression and bipolar depression. The subjects
      of the study were 79 patients meeting ICD-10 criteria for either recurrent
      depressive disorder or bipolar affective disorder. Patient with recurrent
      depression presented more prominent HDRS symptoms of depressed mood, psychomotor
      retardation, somatic anxiety, and gastro-intestinal somatic complains. Bipolar
      patients had more scores related to middle and late insomnia, agitation and
      suicide. In addition lower length of remission was observed in bipolar
      depression. The revealed differences should be taken into account in diagnostic
      and pharmacological treatment of various types of depression.

PMID- 19996504
TI  - Tobacco use among georgian schoolchildren; pilot study following criteria of
      European school project on alcohol and other drug.
AB  - The main purpose of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs
      (ESPAD) is to collect comparable data on substance use among 15-16 year-old
      European students in order to monitor trends within as well as between countries.
      This summary presents key results from the Tobacco Use in Georgian Students,
      pilot study rigorously following Criteria of European School Project on Alcohol
      and Other Drug (ESPAD). The survey was conducted according to a standardized
      methodology and with a standardized questionnaire. Data were collected during
      February 2009 and the target population was Tbilisi students in the 10-th grade
      (93% born in 1992), with a mean age of 16.1 years at the time of data collection.
      Data were collected by group-administered questionnaires. The students answered
      the questionnaires anonymously in the classroom with researchers. On average, in
      our survey, about half of the surveyed students reported having tried smoking
      cigarettes at least once and 16% had used cigarettes during the past 30 days.
      1.1% of all students had smoked at least a packet of cigarettes per day during
      the last 30 days. On average 60% of surveyed students replied that they find it
      fairly or very easy to get cigarettes if they want to. On average, 30% (10% - 9
      years old or less) of the students said that they had been smoking cigarettes on
      a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger. The proportion of students who smoked
      on a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger is 4.3%. Adolescent's tobacco use is
      a great public health concern in Georgia. Smoking is quite prevalent among
      Georgian adult population which on one hand reflects their children's habits and
      on the other hand reflects not only their, but their families and broader
      community's health. The consumption level among adults and their attitudes
      towards the substance in question can be one factor that affects use among
      teenagers. So may the magnitude of information and preventive efforts.
      Availability, not only in physical terms but also in financial terms, is another
      factor. Other, less substance-related, factors include the general level of
      health awareness in a population and the social and economic structures and
      conditions of individual communities. The study results show the importance of
      knowledge on these issues and therefore including the healthy lifestyle subject
      in school curricula.

PMID- 19996505
TI  - [Correlation of some biochemical and coagulological parameters in carotid
      atherosclerosis].
AB  - It has been established positive correlation of the degree of stenosis and intima
      media thickness of carotid arteries with the following biochemical parameters:
      total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Apo-B, Lp(a), triglycerides, hs-C-reactive
      protein(CRP), interleukines (IL-1beta and IL-6), fibrinogen, D-dimers. Negative
      correlation was stated with respect to HDL cholesterol, Apo-A-1, protein C.
      Relation between the parameters of the blood lipid spectre, proteins and
      mediators of inflammation as well as those of hemostasis enables us to approach
      pathophysiological mechanisms of carotid atherosclerosis, define the processes of
      inflammation and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 19996506
TI  - [Pharmaceutical logistic in turnover of pharmaceutical products of Azerbaijan].
AB  - Development of pharmaceutical logistic system model promotes optimal strategy for
      pharmaceutical functioning. The goal of such systems is organization of
      pharmaceutical product's turnover in required quantity and assortment, at preset
      time and place, at a highest possible degree of consumption readiness with
      minimal expenses and qualitative service. Organization of the optimal turnover
      chain in the region is offered to start from approximate classification of
      medicaments by logistic characteristics. Supplier selection was performed by
      evaluation of timeliness of delivery, quality of delivered products (according to
      the minimum acceptable level of quality) and time-keeping of time spending for
      orders delivery.

PMID- 19996507
TI  - Simultaneous determination of cyclodol and diprazin by thin layer chromatography
      and high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Ciklodol (trihexyphenidil)--the central and peripheral m-cholinoblocker is
      currently used with other antipsychotic drugs such as phenotiazines and tricycle
      antidepressants. For the purpose of simultaneous determination of ciklodol and
      diprazine, were selected two methods of analysis: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
      and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). During development of TLC
      method was studied the 10 visualizing system and 24 mobile systems. For
      individual or simultaneous determination of ciklodol and diprazine were
      recommended the following solvents' systems: 1. Toluene-acetone-ethanole
      25%NH(4)OH (45:45: 7.5:2.5), 2. Hexane-ethyl acetate (15:5), 3. Chloroform
      heptene-25%NH(4)OH (16:3:3), 4. Ethylacetate-hexane (10:10), 5. Acetonitrile
      metanol (10:10) and 6.Heptene-chloroform-ethanol-25% NH(4)OH (5:10:3:1). As
      visualizing systems were chosen: Iodine vapors, blacklight (UV254) and reagent of
      FNP. Reagent of FNP gives colored spot just with diprazine and it is also could
      be used for separation of both objects in simultaneous analysis. Developed HPLC
      method of simultaneous determination of ciklodol and diprazine: like mobile phase
      is recommended: Acetonitril- 0.05M KH(2)PO4 (55:45) (v/v) +H(3)PO(4) (pH3.5),
      column EC250 x 4.6mm, with solid phase Nucleosil, flow rate 1ml/min, sample
      volume 40 microl. In given conditions, the retention time of ciklodol is 6.005min
      and diprazine 7.227min. Developed method of simultaneous determination and
      separation of ciklodol and diprazine in respective mixtures could be successfully
      applied as in the pharmaceutical, as well in the chemical-toxicological
      laboratories.

PMID- 19996508
TI  - [Influence of electromagnetic radiation on toxicity of Vipera lebetina obtusa
      venom].
AB  - The aim of the article was to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on
      toxicity of Vipera lebetina obtusa venom. It was found that mice intoxicated with
      snake venom, with moderate to high exposure to electromagnetic radiation and mice
      intoxicated with venom, which had not been exposed to the radiation showed the
      same symptoms of intoxication and death. At the same time, the longevity of mice
      intoxicated with venom exposed to electromagnetic radiation was higher. The
      longevity of mice in control group was 25+/-5 min. The longevity of mice
      intoxicated with exposed to electromagnetic radiation snake venom was from 29 to
      60 min. The research showed that the longevity of mice intoxicated with snake
      venom rose with the level of electromagnetic radiation intensity the snake was
      exposed to. Accordingly, snake venom, with exposure to high intensity
      electromagnetic radiation is less toxic.

PMID- 19996509
TI  - Pharmacognostic studies of gums collected from aprocot trees growing in Armenia
      and perspectives of their use.
AB  - Plant polysaccharides are widely used in the food and confectionary industries,
      as an emulsifier, flavour encapsulator, and thickening agent. The apricot tree
      has a gum that oozes out in the spring and it seems to be a lot like gum Arabic.
      Gums collected from apricot trees growing in Armenia (RA) are considered as
      exudates of ecological significance. Besides, in food industry it can entirely
      replace the more expensive gum Arabic as well as its synthetic derivatives.
      Periodically organized resource potential studies in the regions of RA gives the
      opportunity to have an exact notion of biological and utilized resources of gums
      as a natural exudates of cultivated apricot trees of the country. The study was
      conducted on gums collected from the apricot trees of Armavir region (Armavir,
      Edjmiatsin, Baghramyan) that were purified by general physical methods without
      any chemical or enzymatic influence. According to obtained results--from one
      apricot tree was collected 54.15+/- 4.41 g/m(2), the biological resource of
      apricot gum was 45 ton. We also determined the quantities of Mg, K and Ca in
      apricot gum by atomic--absorptive method (Mg - 18 mg/kg; Ca - 5.8 mg/kg; K - 15.7
      mg/kg). The study results also revealed that addition of gummi armeniaca
      increases the yeast biomass up to 55%. According to above mentioned and the great
      resources of raw material of apricot tree gum it can be approved its usage in the
      food industry in Armenia.

PMID- 19996510
TI  - Lack of noradrenergic modulation of indirect semantic priming.
AB  - Norepinephrine and dopamine are both believed to affect signal-to-noise in the
      cerebral cortex. Dopaminergic agents appear to modulate semantic networks during
      indirect semantic priming, but do not appear to affect problem solving dependent
      on access to semantic networks. Noradrenergic agents, though, do affect semantic
      network dependent problem solving. We wished to examine whether noradrenergic
      agents affect indirect semantic priming. Subjects attended three sessions: one
      each after propranolol (40 mg) (noradrenergic antagonist), ephedrine (25 mg)
      (noradrenergic agonist), and placebo. During each session, closely related,
      distantly related, and unrelated pairs were presented. Reaction times for a
      lexical decision task on the target words (second word in the pair) were
      recorded. No decrease in indirect semantic priming occurred with ephedrine.
      Furthermore, across all three drugs, a main effect of semantic relatedness was
      found, but no main effect of drug, and no drug/semantic relatedness interaction
      effect. These findings suggest that noradrenergic agents, with these drugs and at
      these doses, do not affect indirect semantic priming with the potency of
      dopaminergic drugs at the doses previously studied. In the context of this
      previous work, this suggests that more automatic processes such as priming and
      more controlled searches of the lexical and semantic networks such as problem
      solving may be mediated, at least in part, by distinct mechanisms with differing
      effects of pharmacological modulation.

PMID- 19996512
TI  - On the personal facets of quality of life in chronic neurological disorders.
AB  - Quality of life (QOL) is an important clinical endpoint, but it remarkably varies
      in patients with similar neurological conditions. This study explored the role of
      spirituality (i.e., the complex of personal transcendence, connectedness,
      purpose, and values) in determining QOL in chronic neurological
      disorders.~Seventy-two patients with epilepsy, brain tumours or ischemic or
      immune-mediate brain damage compiled inventories for QOL (WHOQOL 100),
      spirituality (Spiritual, Religious and Personal Beliefs, WHOSRPB), depression
      (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI),
      and cognitive self-efficacy (Multiple Ability Self-Report Questionnaire, MASQ)
      and underwent neuropsychological testing. With respect to 45 healthy controls,
      the patients reported worse QOL, with no difference between the four patient
      subgroups. Factor analyses of the WHOSRPB, STAI, and BDI scores and of the MASQ
      and neuropsychological test scores yielded four (Personal Meaning, Inner Energy,
      Awe and Openness, Mood) and three factors (Control Functions, Cognition, Memory),
      respectively. Mood, Cognition, Inner Energy, schooling, and subjective health
      status correlated with the WHOQOL scores, but at regression analysis only Mood
      and Inner Energy predicted QOL. This suggests that spirituality, as a personal
      dimension distinct from mood, contributes to determine QOL. A multidimensional
      assessment of QOL, including personal facets, may explain differences between
      patients with chronic neurological disorders.

PMID- 19996511
TI  - Acute recovery of oral word production following stroke: patterns of performance
      as predictors of recovery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Impairments in oral word production are common at the onset of
      stroke. The identification of factors that predict early recovery has important
      implications for identifying those at greater risk of continued impaired
      functioning, and the management of the patient's care following discharge. AIMS:
      To identify patterns of performance that are predictors of acute recovery of oral
      word production abilities following stroke; to identify any association between
      early and more chronic recovery. METHOD AND PROCEDURES: Acute stroke patients
      were administered oral word production tasks within 1-2 days of hospital
      admission, with repeat testing by 7 days; a subset of patients had repeat testing
      between three weeks to one year later. Performance was examined for error rate
      and type to identify potential predictors of early recovery. OUTCOME AND RESULTS:
      The proportion of circumlocution and no response errors at initial testing were
      associated with the magnitude of recovery of language functioning within the
      first week following stroke. Patient characteristics of age and gender were found
      to have no influence on the degree of early recovery observed. None of the
      examined factors predicted late recovery. The degree of early recovery was not
      associated with the degree of later recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The current study
      identified patterns of task performance that increase our understanding of how
      oral word production recovers following acute stroke. The finding that the degree
      of early recovery does not predict the degree of later recovery is consistent
      with the hypothesis that early and late recovery are due to different mechanisms
      (restored blood flow in acute stroke, and reorganization in later recovery).

PMID- 19996513
TI  - Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure
      hydrocephalus.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To clarify the characteristics of neuropsychiatric symptoms in
      patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). METHODS:
      Neuropsychiatric symptoms of 64 iNPH patients with mild triad symptoms from three
      kinds of hospitals were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and
      compared with 126 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS: The most
      frequently observed neuropsychiatric symptom in the iNPH patients was apathy
      followed by anxiety and aggression. No symptom was more prevalent or more severe
      in iNPH than in AD. The severity of cognitive impairment was correlated with both
      aberrant motor activity and apathy. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychiatric symptoms were
      mild in patients with iNPH and apathy was the most prevalent symptom. The
      correlation between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment in iNPH
      appears to arise from a common pathology in the frontal lobe.

PMID- 19996514
TI  - Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease causing a 2-years slowly progressive isolated
      dementia.
AB  - A 47-year-old woman was seen for progressive behavioural and cognitive
      disturbances slowly evolving over a 1-year period. Neuropsychological evaluation
      disclosed moderate to severe impairment of all cortical functions. Besides this
      no other clinical abnormality was found. MRI diffusion weighted imaging disclosed
      hyperintense cortical lesions in a ribbon-like fashion, with restricted
      diffusivity. EEG showed no periodic sharp waves and CSF examination was normal,
      including protein 14.3.3. She was heterozygote on codon 129. Her cognitive
      function continued to decline and she was readmitted for further investigation at
      the 24th month of disease. Again no ataxia or involuntary movements were
      observed. MRI disclosed widespread hyperintense lesions over the entire cortex
      and, for the first time, also caudato-putaminal hyperintensity in T2-weighted
      images. EEG again failed to show periodic activity. Stereotactic biopsy disclosed
      moderate spongiform changes, astrocytosis and perivacuolar staining with prion
      directed antibodies. Western blot analysis revealed prion type 2 mobility
      pattern. We discuss the clinical significance of this case: as dementia was the
      sole finding, and this was slowly-evolving over a 2-year period, MRI findings
      were the key factor suggesting a prion disease in a woman that otherwise would
      probably be diagnosed with a primary degenerative dementia.

PMID- 19996515
TI  - Executive function improvement in normal pressure hydrocephalus following shunt
      surgery.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to evaluate improvement of executive functions
      after shunt surgery in patients with early normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
      Patients with NPH were assessed before and after shunt surgery with tests shown
      to be sensitive to damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Significant differences
      were found between basal and follow-up performances on the Boston Naming Test,
      the backwards digits span, Part B of the Trail Making Test, and the number of
      words produced on the phonological fluency task. In conclusion, our study reveals
      that patients with NPH who respond positively to continuous slow lumbar cerebral
      spinal fluid drainage and receive a ventriculoperitoneal shunt implant, improve
      their performance on tasks of executive function. Due to the high demand for this
      form of mental processing in real-life complex scenarios, and based on the severe
      executive deficits present in both demented and non-demented NPH patients, we
      encourage the assessment of executive functions in this clinical group.

PMID- 19996516
TI  - Visual agnosia for line drawings and silhouettes without apparent impairment of
      real-object recognition: a case report.
AB  - We report on a patient with visual agnosia for line drawings and silhouette
      pictures following cerebral infarction in the region of the right posterior
      cerebral artery. The patient retained the ability to recognize real objects and
      their photographs, and could precisely copy line drawings of objects that she
      could not name. This case report highlights the importance of clinicians and
      researchers paying special attention to avoid overlooking agnosia in such cases.
      The factors that lead to problems in the identification of stimuli other than
      real objects in agnosic cases are discussed.

PMID- 19996517
TI  - Hemorheological changes in cerebral circulation of rabbits with acute carbon
      monoxide poisoning.
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poison-related morbidity and
      mortality. The severe complication of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae seriously
      affects patient's living quality, but its mechanism remains controversial. In
      this study, we established an animal model by intraperitoneal injection of CO in
      rabbits at regular interval and kept the carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) level in blood
      above 50% for at least 24 h. We investigated the dynamic changes in the
      hemorheological and coagulative properties of blood taken from venae jugularis
      interna before CO injection and at 30 min, 1-5 days after the last CO exposure.
      We found that RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit (Hct)
      increased on 1 day and remained high level till 5 day. Whole blood viscosities at
      different shear rates decreased significantly at 30 min and then increased 1 day
      later until day 4. RBC deformation index (DI) and aggregation index decreased at
      30 min and recovered to normal on day 3. Plasma viscosity and fibrinogen
      augmented from 30 min until day 5. Prothrombin time (PT) and active partial
      thromboplastin time (APTT) prolonged remarkably at 30 min and went back to normal
      on 3 day, plasma [Ca2+] decreased at 30 min and approached to normal level on 3
      day. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in RBCs at 30 min was significantly
      higher than that of control and recovered to normal on day 3. Our results suggest
      that the changes in hemorheology participate in the development of acute CO
      poisoning, which may play a role in delayed encephalopathy after acute CO
      poisoning.

PMID- 19996519
TI  - Shear stress in the common carotid artery is related to both intima-media
      thickness and echogenecity. The Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in
      Uppsala Seniors study.
AB  - It has previously been shown that the degree of shear stress (SS) in the carotid
      artery is related to both plaque occurrence and intima-media thickness (IMT).
      Since the echogenecity also is an important feature of plaques, we investigated
      if a reduced shear stress also is related to the echolucency of plaque and the
      intima-media complex. In the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala
      Seniors (PIVUS) study, a population-based study of 1016 subjects aged 70, left
      common carotid artery diameter, IMT, the grey scale median (GSM) of the intima
      media complex (IM-GSM) and the blood flow velocity were measured by ultrasound.
      Occurrence of plaque was noted, and the echogenecity of the plaques was visually
      estimated by the Gray-Weale classification. Shear stress was inversely related to
      both IMT and IM-GSM (p=0.0084 and p=0.003, respectively), independently of gender
      and coronary risk, estimated by the Framingham risk score. Shear stress was lower
      in subjects with carotid plaque (44% of the sample) than in those without
      (p=0.0013), and was inversely related to the echogenecity in the subjects with
      plaque (p=0.0092), independently of gender and coronary risk. A low shear stress
      in the common carotid artery was associated with both a thick IMT and an
      echolucent intima-media complex. A similar picture was seen when overt plaques
      were evaluated, suggesting that shear stress is of importance for both the extent
      and composition of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 19996518
TI  - Comparison of three instruments for measuring red blood cell aggregation.
AB  - The International Society for Clinical Hemorheology organized a workshop to
      compare three instruments for measuring RBC aggregation: LORCA, Myrenne
      Aggregometer and RheoScan-A. The Myrenne Aggregometer provides indices at stasis
      (M) and at low shear (M1), with four indices obtained with the LORCA and RheoScan
      A: amplitude (AMP), half-time (T1/2), surface area (SA) above (LORCA) or below
      (RheoScan-A) the syllectogram, and the ratio (AI) of the area above (LORCA) or
      below (RheoScan-A) the syllectogram to total area (AI). Intra-assay
      reproducibility and biological variability were determined; also studied were RBC
      in diluted plasma and in 1% 500 kDa dextran, and 0.003% glutaradehyde (GA)
      treated cells in plasma. All measurements were performed at 37 degrees C.
      Standardized difference values were used as a measure of power to detect
      differences. Salient results were: (1) intra-assay variations below 5% except for
      RheoScan-A AMP and SA; (2) biological variability greatest for T1/2 with other
      indices similar for the three devices; (3) all instruments detected progressive
      changes with plasma dilution; (4) the Myrenne and LORCA, but not the RheoScan-A,
      detected differences for cells in dextran; (5) GA-treatment significantly
      affected the LORCA (AMP, T1/2, SA, AI), the RheoScan-A (AMP, SA, AI) and the
      Myrenne M parameter. It is concluded that: (a) the LORCA, Myrenne and the
      RheoScan-A have acceptable precision and suitable power for detecting reduced
      aggregation due to plasma dilution; (b) greatly enhanced RBC aggregation may not
      be sensed by the RheoScan-A while the Myrenne M1 index may be insensitive to
      minor increases of cell rigidity; (c) future studies should define each
      instrument's useful range for detecting RBC aggregation.

PMID- 19996520
TI  - Human erythrocyte filterability at low driving pressure.
AB  - In this study, the human RBC capillary flow has been modeled by passing 11 microl
      of RBC suspension (Hematocrit = 6%) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of a
      viscosity of 1 and 2.6 cP (in the presence of 2% Dextran) through 5 microm pore
      diameter polycarbonate Nuclepore filters. We have developed a digitally
      controlled experimental system for measuring the RBC filterability at a constant
      driving pressure, in the range of 10-400 Pa, producing a wall shear stress range
      of 1-50 Pa. The RBC filterability was evaluated by measuring the cell suspension
      flow rate normalized by the PBS flow rate. The RBC filterability has been found
      to be a nonlinear function of the driving pressure, having a single minimum locus
      at 25 Pa. Lowering the driving pressure below 25 Pa revealed an unexpected
      increase of the RBC filterability.The maximal RBC filterability (near unity) was
      detected at the lowest driving pressure (10 Pa) and the corresponding estimated
      RBC linear velocity while traveling through the capillary pore was as high as 800
      microm/s. Increasing the driving pressure above 25 Pa confirmed previous results,
      where RBC filterability is monotonically and asymptotically increasing.
      Increasing the PBS medium viscosity from 1 to 2.26 cP significantly attenuated
      the RBC filterability and led to the anomalous increase of RBC deformability at
      the 10 Pa pressure range. We propose that the anomalous increase in RBC
      deformability was caused by RBCs undergoing spontaneous mechanical fluctuations.

PMID- 19996521
TI  - A velocity profile equation for blood flow in small arterioles and venules of
      small mammals in vivo and an evaluation based on literature data.
AB  - An empirical parametric equation with 2 bluntness parameters was introduced for
      describing the velocity profile of blood in the small arterioles and venules of
      small mammals, in vivo, with the basic approximations of the axisymmetric flow in
      cylindrical geometry, zero velocity at the wall and a blunter than parabolic flow
      profile. The purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of this equation in
      describing the velocity profile and in estimating the volume flow when only one
      velocity measurement is available near the vessel axis. The equation was tested
      on 17 velocity profiles (9 arteriolar and 8 venular) previously measured by
      particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques, at diameters ranging from 17 to 38.6
      microm. The correlation coefficients of each experimental profile were higher
      than 0.96. The average relative error-bias measured at 10 radial segments ranged
      between -5% to 1%, leading to an average relative volume flow estimation error
      for all the 17 velocity profiles of -1.8% with a standard deviation of 4.3%.

PMID- 19996522
TI  - Anthropometric indices as determinants of haemorheological cardiovascular disease
      risk factors in Nigerian adults living in a semi-urban community.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Some epidemiological studies have found anthropometric indices to be
      related to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Fibrinogen--an acute phase
      reactant protein--is central in the haemostatic system. Its associations with
      cardiovascular diseases have been well documented. A possible association between
      measures of body fat and fibrinogen has been reported. AIMS: To study the
      relationship of fibrinogen (PFC), plasma viscosity (PV) and haematocrit (HCT)
      with measures of obesity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and
      waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) in apparently healthy Nigerians living in Ilisan-Remo,
      a semi-urban community. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study population comprised of
      apparently healthy mono-ethnic Nigerians living in Ilisan-Remo town. Obesity was
      measured using the body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and
      waist-to-height ratio. Blood samples were analyzed for rheological parameters
      (plasma fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, haematocrit and the erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate (ESR) using standard methods. RESULTS: A total of 122 subjects
      were studied, 46 males (mean age 57+/-15.7 years) and 76 females (mean age
      58.92+/-17.99 years). The mean systolic blood pressure was 138.5 mmHg for males
      and 135.2 mmHg for females respectively. The independent variables (BMI, waist-to
      hip ratio) were divided into 2 groups using the 75th percentile cut off. In the
      BMI group, the diastolic blood pressure, haematocrit and plasma viscosity were
      significantly higher in males (p<0.0001) in the >75th percentile group but not in
      females. Using the waist circumference; plasma viscosity and diastolic blood
      pressure were higher in males (p<0.0001) in the >75th percentile group. In
      females the haematocrit and blood viscosity were significantly higher (p=0.0074,
      p=0.0434) respectively in the >75th percentile group. Using stepwise multiple
      regression analysis, the waist circumference and BMI were found to be significant
      determinant for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The BMI was significant
      determinant for the haemorheological cardiovascular disease (HCVD) risk factors
      except fibrinogen. While the waist circumference was a significant predictor of
      all the haemorheological cardiovascular disease risk factors (p<0.0001).
      CONCLUSION: While the BMI and the WHR may be good predictors of CVD
      (cardiovascular disease) risk factors, we have shown that the waist circumference
      may be a better predictor of haemorheological cardiovascular disease risk factors
      than the BMI in Nigerians.

PMID- 19996523
TI  - Erythrocyte fragility increases with level of glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2
      diabetic patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study examines that erythrocyte was fragility-susceptible in
      diabetes. METHODS: Forty-five outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (aged 46
      +/- 13 years) and 20 healthy individuals with no history of diabetes disorders
      (aged 43 +/- 7 years) were randomly selected in this study. All subjects were
      analysis for blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and erythrocyte osmotic
      fragility tests. RESULTS: The data for blood glucose (p<0.001), glycosylated
      hemoglobin (p<0.001), start hemolysis of erythrocyte (p<0.001), medium corpuscle
      hemolysis (p<0.001) and complete hemolysis (p=0.001) were significantly higher
      for diabetes than that of non-diabetes. The erythrocyte osmotic fragility in
      start hemolysis (r=0.479, p<0.001), medium corpuscle hemolysis (r=0.454, p<0.001)
      and complete hemolysis (r=0.277, p=0.025) were closely correlated with red blood
      cell glycosylated hemoglobin. Investigation of associations with red cell
      fragility-susceptible, diabetic patients had significantly increased risks of
      cell hemolysis on start hemolysis (ORs, 32.67; 95% CIs, 7.201-148.19), medium
      corpuscle hemolysis (ORs, 2.53; 95% CIs, 0.831-7.695) and complete hemolysis
      (ORs, 4.28; 95% CIs, 1.386-13.202) (all p<0.05 for linear trends) of erythrocyte
      to non-diabetes controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that osmotic
      fragility of erythrocyte was greater in type 2 diabetic subjects compared to non
      diabetic controls and red blood cell fragility was positively correlated with
      glycosylated hemoglobin. Hence, it is necessary to emphasize increasing
      investigations of pathogenic mechanisms exacerbated by red cell fragility to
      prevent complications of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 19996524
TI  - Red blood cell "aggregability".

PMID- 19996526
TI  - Seroprevalence of dengue virus antibodies in healthy Jamaicans.
AB  - Dengue fever, a mosquito borne viral infection, is endemic to Jamaica. The
      seroprevalence of dengue IgG and IgM antibodies were determined in 277 healthy
      Jamaicans by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The seroprevalence of
      dengue IgG antibodies was 100% (277/277) while dengue IgM antibodies were found
      in 3.6% (10/277). A statistically significant association was found between the
      presence of dengue IgM antibodies and gender (males 10/105, 9.5% vs females
      0/172, 0.0%); chi(2) = 17.0, p=0.000.The high seroprevalence rate of dengue IgG
      antibodies and the presence of dengue IgM in the healthy population are in
      keeping with the endemicity of the virus in Jamaica. Therefore tests for dengue
      IgG antibodies are of limited usefulness in Jamaica and can be safely excluded
      from diagnostic testing as a cost saving measure. Serological diagnosis of
      current dengue infection should be centred around the dengue IgM tests although
      the limitations in the predictive values of such tests should also be considered.
      The results also suggest that the risk of emergence of the more severe forms of
      dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in the
      Jamaican population, due to the presence of enhancing antibodies, is high.

PMID- 19996528
TI  - Generation of monoclonal antibodies to mitotic and interphase cytosolic proteins
      of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
AB  - Mitotic proteins are well characterized and their cell cycle regulation roles
      studied extensively. Specific mitotic proteins can be key targets for controlling
      de regulated cell cycles. In the present study, cytosolic proteins of CHO
      (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells were isolated and used for generating a range of
      monoclonal antibodies. Of the two antigenic doses utilized, 20 microg and 15
      microg doses gave fusion efficiencies of 52.1% and 31.5% respectively. The
      specific efficiencies were found to be 24.5% for the 20 microg antigenic dose and
      was 20.45% for the 15 microg dose. Further screening showed 20 MAbs to common
      mitotic and interphase proteins, 5 specific to unique mitotic proteins and 3 to
      unique interphase proteins. MPFs do not exhibit species barriers and induce
      chromatin condensation and act as M- phase check point control molecules.
      Monoclonal antibodies to specific mitotic proteins can be very useful for various
      applications such as imaging tools, as possible mitotic inhibitors and also for
      affinity purification of specific proteins of interest. Antibodies specific to
      common mitotic and interphase proteins can also be of similar importance. Whole
      extract was used as immunogen also to present the mitotic proteins much better
      than isolated proteins.

PMID- 19996527
TI  - Summary analysis of the pre-clinical and clinical results of brain tumor patients
      treated with pritumumab.
AB  - Pritumumab is a human IgG1 kappa antibody that has been derived from a B-cell
      isolated from a regional draining lymph node of a patient with cervical
      carcinoma. Specificity analysis of the antibody with human tissues showed the
      antigen, altered tumor-associated vimentin, to be highly restricted to various
      cancers and not normal cells and tissues. In various clinical trials in Japan 249
      patients with brain cancer were treated with pritumumab. The overall response
      rate was between 25-30% with several survivors beyond 5-years post-treatment. The
      patients were on a low dose regimen of 1mg given twice a week for a course of 24
      weeks for a total dose of 48 mgs per course. Pritumumab appears to be a safe and
      effective therapy in patients with malignant gliomas.

PMID- 19996529
TI  - The preparation of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for human use.
AB  - Modalities like antibody based radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoscintigraphy
      require the development and the use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. For
      this, a radiolabeling procedure has to be designed for the preparation of
      radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. As the radioconjugate is intended for human
      use, it has to possess characteristics like preservation of the immunoreactivity,
      high (radio)chemical purity, and high specific activity. Therefore, the labeling
      procedure has to meet several requirements. To guarantee a reproducible quality
      of the radiolabeled product, the whole labeling procedure has to be performed
      according to the rules of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). In addition, to
      warrant the safety of involved personnel, safety measurements have to be taking
      into account, to minimize radiance exposure. This review describes selected
      methods for the preparation of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for human use
      emphasizing pharmaceutical issues such as manufacturing and quality control.

PMID- 19996531
TI  - Tissue factor and cardiovascular disease: quo vadis?
AB  - The coagulation cascade represents a system of proteases responsible to maintain
      vascular integrity and to induce rapid clot formation after vessel injury. Tissue
      factor (TF), the key initiator of the coagulation cascade, binds to factor VIIa
      and thereby activates factor IX and factor X, resulting in thrombus formation.
      Different stimuli enhance TF gene expression in endothelial and vascular smooth
      muscle cells. In addition to these vascular cells, TF has recently been detected
      in the bloodstream in circulating cells such as leukocytes and platelets, as a
      component of microparticles, and as a soluble, alternatively spliced form of TF.
      Various cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and
      dyslipidemia, increase levels of TF. In line with this observation, enhanced
      vascular TF expression occurs during atherogenesis, particularly in patients with
      acute coronary syndromes. (Circ J 2010; 74: 3 - 12).

PMID- 19996532
TI  - In vivo functions of GPR30/GPER-1, a membrane receptor for estrogen: from
      discovery to functions in vivo.
AB  - G protein-coupled receptor 30/G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPR30/GPER
      1) was reported as a novel membrane receptor for estrogen in 2005. However, the
      research on GPR30 has produced conflicting reports with regard to its
      intracellular localization, the tissue distribution of its expression, and some
      its functions. Recently, in addition to the finding of G-1, a GPR30 agonist,
      GPR30 KO mice have been produced in laboratories, and this has significantly
      increased the confidence in the data. In this review, the intrinsic appearance of
      GPR30 is approached based mainly on data obtained in vivo.

PMID- 19996533
TI  - Recent problems and prospects of occupational health in Japan.

PMID- 19996534
TI  - Heart rate variability in occupational health --a systematic review.
AB  - This systematic review evaluates and summarizes the evidence of association
      between work-related factors and heart rate variability (HRV) in workers. We
      reviewed English articles indexed in MEDLINE under the key words: work, worker,
      occupational, industrial, and heart rate variability. Studies were included if
      one or more of the dependent variables was one of the time- or frequency-domain
      indexes of HRV [standard deviation of all normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN),
      mean of the 5-min standard deviations of NN intervals calculated over several
      hours (SDNN index), the root mean squared differences of successive NN intervals
      (RMSSD), integrated spectral powers of high (HF, > 0.15 Hz) and low frequency
      (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) HRV, and the LF/HF ratio] as recommended by the European
      Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology.
      Physical and chemical work environments (i.e. exposure to occupational toxicants
      and hazardous environments), psychosocial workload (i.e. job stressors), and
      working time (i.e. shift work) had been examined and identified as having
      associations with low HF power. These findings may indicate that research into
      parasympathetic nervous system activity should be focused to protect
      cardiovascular health at work. We also propose the use of very low and ultralow
      frequency HRV components in autonomic research for workers' health.

PMID- 19996535
TI  - Prevalence and risk factors of noise-induced hearing loss among liquefied
      petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder infusion workers in Taiwan.
AB  - We assessed the exposure levels of noise, estimated prevalence, and identify risk
      factors of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among male workers with a cross
      sectional study in a liquefied petroleum gas cylinder infusion factory in Taipei
      City. Male in-field workers exposed to noise and administrative controls were
      enrolled in 2006 and 2007. Face-to-face interviews were applied for demographics,
      employment history, and drinking/smoking habit. We then performed the
      measurements on noise levels in field and administration area, and hearing
      thresholds on study subjects with standard apparatus and protocols. Existence of
      hearing loss > 25 dBHL for the average of 500 Hz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz was
      accordingly determined for NIHL. The effects from noise exposure, predisposing
      characteristics, employment-related factors, and personal habits to NIHL were
      estimated by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. A total of 75
      subjects were involved in research and 56.8% of in-field workers had NIHL.
      Between the in-field and administration groups, hearing thresholds on the worse
      ear showed significant differences at frequencies of 4 k, 6 k, and 8 kHz with
      aging considered. Adjusted odds ratio for field noise exposure (OR=99.57, 95% CI:
      3.53, 2,808.74) and frequent tea or coffee consumption (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01,
      0.51) were found significant. Current study addressed NIHL in a specific industry
      in Taiwan. Further efforts in minimizing its impact are still in need.

PMID- 19996536
TI  - Body mass index as an indicator of metabolic disorders in annual health checkups
      among Japanese male workers.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess whether body mass index (BMI) was associated
      with abnormal results of other tests related to metabolic disorders in the
      periodic health checkup, and determine whether changes in BMI were associated
      with changes in these other tests. We surveyed 2,392 Japanese male workers, aged
      19-59 who have received regular health checkups in 2003 and 2004. During the
      mandatory workplace health checkup, the following are tested: BMI, systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure, and the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A(1C), aspartate aminotransferase,
      alanine aminotransferase, and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase. These parameters were
      measured in 2003 and 2004. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was
      used to determine the efficacy of BMI in screening for abnormal results in 2003.
      The areas under the ROC curves for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and
      liver dysfunction were 0.68-0.89, 0.65-0.67, and 0.51-0.67 for 19-39, 40-49, and
      50-59 yr olds, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes
      in BMI were significantly associated with changes in the respective items in one
      year. The BMI predicts metabolic disorders to a certain extent, especially in
      younger workers, and BMI monitoring may be a useful indicator of change in other
      annual health checkup items.

PMID- 19996537
TI  - Biomechanical gait analysis for the extraction of slip resistance test
      parameters.
AB  - Falling accidents caused by slipping represent a high proportion of all accidents
      and are cost intensive in industry as well as in the private sphere. To prevent
      such accidents, the slip resistance of flooring must be evaluated. Therefore,
      measurement methods are necessary. These methods must provide results that comply
      with an individual's perception of when a floor is slippery. This article
      describes the analysis of human walking motion to derive essential parameters and
      estimate their values for measuring the slip resistance of flooring. Human
      walking motion of 22 persons is analysed to discover the critical phases for
      slipping. The heel strike was extracted as the critical phase for falling
      accidents caused by slipping. A model of the friction between the shoe and
      flooring is set up to describe the conditions in that phase. Heel strike
      velocity, requirements quotient and contact pressure are extracted as essential
      parameters from the friction model. With the biomechanical gait analyses of the
      walking of more than 170 single steps made by 22 test persons, values for these
      parameters are derived. Suggestions are made to adopt these values as test
      parameters for slip resistance test devices.

PMID- 19996538
TI  - Psychological morbidity, quality of life and their correlations among military
      health care workers in Taiwan.
AB  - To estimate the prevalence of psychological morbidity among health care workers
      in military hospitals in Taiwan and studies the association between psychological
      morbidity and quality of life. We sent surveys to 1,269 health care workers
      working in military hospitals. Participants completed structured questionnaires
      that included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the WHO Quality of Life
      Questionnaire (WHO-QOL). The survey was completed by 65 physicians, 416 nurses,
      and 304 other specialists. Nurses had the highest GHQ scores (nurses 32.1% vs.
      physicians 28.3% and other 22.4%). On the WHOQOL, nurses had worse psychological
      and environment domain scores (12.7 and 13.1, respectively) and physicians scored
      the worst for the physical and social domain as compared to nurses and other
      specialists. The younger, hypnotic drug use and life events had higher percentage
      in psychological morbidity group (Odds Ratio 1.04, 12.5, 2.38; p=0.008, 0.028 and
      0.014, respectively). In regression analysis, job category, life event and
      hypnotic drug use could predict GHQ; age and GHQ could predict QOL (p<0.001). The
      GHQ might be a mediating factor to QOL. Programs should be developed to educate
      younger health care workers with psychological morbidity to adjust the stressors
      associated with their jobs to improve their QOL.

PMID- 19996539
TI  - Maximum symmetric and asymmetric isoinertial lifting capabilities from floor to
      knuckle height.
AB  - Ten young male participants were recruited to test their maximum symmetric and
      asymmetric isoinertial lifting capabilities from floor to the knuckle height in
      different container dimensions varied in both width and length. The results
      showed that the order from the highest to lowest lifting capability for the
      lifting modes was symmetric lifting, asymmetric lifting with leg rotation and
      asymmetric lifting with trunk rotation, and for the container dimensions was 50 x
      35 x 15 cm, 70 x 35 x 15 cm and 50 x 50 x 15 cm. Participants' lifting
      capabilities differed significantly (p<0.05) among lifting modes and container
      dimensions. This study recommends that asymmetric lifting with leg rotation
      should be encouraged as compared with asymmetric lifting with trunk rotation when
      performing heavy asymmetric lifting tasks.

PMID- 19996540
TI  - Intragroup and intergroup conflict at work, psychological distress, and work
      engagement in a sample of employees in Japan.
AB  - The possible associations of intragroup and intergroup conflict at work with
      psychological distress and work engagement were investigated in a cross-sectional
      study in a manufacturing factory in Japan. A self-administered questionnaire was
      sent to all employees, and 255 responses were returned (a response rate of 84%).
      Data from 247 workers (187 males and 60 females) with no missing values were
      analyzed. Intragroup and intergroup conflict at work, psychological distress, and
      work engagement were measured by the NIOSH-GJSQ, K6, and Utrecht Work Engagement
      Scale (UWES-9), respectively. An ANCOVA was conducted to compare K6 and UWES-9
      scores among the tertiles on intragroup conflict or intergroup conflict scores,
      adjusting for demographic and occupational variables as well as worksite social
      support, separately for males and females. Intragroup conflict was associated
      with greater psychological distress for males (p for trend=0.009). Intergroup
      conflict was marginally significantly associated with psychological distress for
      both males and females (p for trend=0.050 and 0.051, respectively). Contrary to
      expectation, intergroup conflict was significantly associated with greater work
      engagement for females (p for trend=0.024). For males, intragroup and intergroup
      conflict at work may increase psychological distress; for females, intergroup
      conflict may increase both psychological distress and work engagement.

PMID- 19996541
TI  - Associations between lifestyle factors, working environment, depressive symptoms
      and suicidal ideation: a large-scale study in Japan.
AB  - To improve the management of depression and the prevention of suicide, we
      investigated associations between lifestyle, working environment, depressive
      symptoms and suicidal ideation. Variables measured included job stressors,
      working hours, overtime work, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleep,
      exercise, meals, and family factors. Original items were used to measure working
      on holidays, number of confidants, use of stress reduction techniques, and
      suicidal ideation. A total of 4,118 employees (2,834 men, 1,284 women) in eleven
      cities and districts across Japan were analyzed. On stepwise multivariate
      logistic regression analysis, variables associated with depressive symptoms were
      exposure to high job stress, problem drinking, a feeling of insufficient sleep,
      absence of confidants, and no use of stress reduction techniques in both sexes.
      Further, problem drinking and absence of confidants were associated with suicidal
      ideation in both sexes. The prevalence of workers who had no confidants and who
      did not use stress reduction techniques was unexpectedly high. Given their clear
      association with depressive symptoms, greater attention to these factors should
      improve measures aimed at the prevention of suicide.

PMID- 19996542
TI  - Study on occupational safety and health strategy for Taiwan.
AB  - The aim of this study was to establish a set of occupational safety and health
      (OSH) issues and development policies suitable for adoption in Taiwan. A survey
      was conducted on a sample of 102 experts and 235 industrial work safety personnel
      in Taiwan for statistical analysis of the general consensus, with the results
      showing such consensus in 104 individual policy indicators. Our results reveal
      that the most appropriate targets were considered to be annual 10% reductions in
      the 'occupational accident disability rate', 'occupational accident injury rate'
      and 'occupational diseases before 2010'. Responding to the specific question of
      the appropriate method of achieving a reduction in the number of accidents in
      Taiwan, the primary consideration for 13.4% of the experts and 10.6% of the
      industry personnel was 'promoting OSH awareness and enhancing the overall safety
      culture'. As regards the current OSH policy focus, 11.2% of the experts
      considered 'improving OSH legislation, standards and systems' to be the most
      important, whilst 8.9% of the industry personnel felt that 'recognizing work
      stress, overwork and emerging OSH issues' were the most important.

PMID- 19996543
TI  - The association of sense of coherence and coping profile with stress among
      research park city workers in Japan.
AB  - Via a large scale cross-sectional study among Japanese white color workers, the
      authors aimed to elucidate: (1) the distributions of Sense of Coherence (SOC),
      which reflect stress coping abilities, (2) the distributions of the Brief Scale
      for Coping Profile (BSCP) which reflect coping profiles for stressors; (3) and
      the association between SOC and BSCP. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires
      were sent to 20,742 employees at educational and research institutions in Tsukuba
      Research Park City. A total of 12,009 (57.9%) workers completed and returned the
      questionnaire; 10,317 workers without missing data were analyzed. SOC scale
      scores and BSCP subscale scores differed by gender, age, and other demographic
      features. Among the BSCP subscales, workers whose SOC scale scores were higher
      tended to adopt a problem-focused coping profile, whereas workers whose SOC scale
      scores were lower adopted an emotion-focused coping profile. The coping profile
      that workers adopted depended on their background and demographic
      characteristics. Stronger SOC allowed one to adopt a problem-focused coping
      profile that allows for better coping with work-related stressors.

PMID- 19996544
TI  - Exposed workers and bladder cancer in Italy: an estimate starting from the
      ISPESL's database of enterprises.
AB  - The aim of this study is to assess the number of workers potentially at risk of
      bladder cancer in Italy. A detailed list of codes of economic activities
      entailing bladder cancer risk was developed on the basis of the excess risk
      resulting from two different pooled analysis (separately for men and women) in
      Europe. Firms and the number of blue-collars potentially at risk were selected
      from the ISPESL (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention)
      database of enterprises. The number of blue-collars likely exposed to bladder
      cancer risk in Italy is about 443,849 (67.88% men). This evaluation, based on
      administrative sources rather than on direct measures of exposure, is likely to
      overestimate potential exposure to carcinogenic agents. ISPESL database of
      enterprises, which permits the identification and territorial localization of
      each local unit, is helpful to characterize the current situations at risk for
      the health of workers.

PMID- 19996545
TI  - Evaluation and treatment of wrist drop in a patient due to lead poisoning: case
      report.
AB  - Lead (Pb) is widely used because of its useful properties and it is ubiquitous in
      human environment. There are various lead based industries and several workers
      who are working in these industries without the knowledge of the ill effects of
      lead and hence not taking proper precautions while handling lead. Many a times,
      these workers who have accumulated lead in their blood and body organs, are not
      properly diagnosed and might receive only symptomatic treatment. We describe a
      thirty-two-year old male, who was working in an unorganized lead based industry
      for 3 yr, developed severe lead poisoning leading to wrist drop. Since one year
      the patient received only symptomatic treatment for abdominal pain. His
      laboratory investigation showed elevated blood lead levels. The chelation therapy
      using D-Penicillamine brought down his blood lead levels and is on follow up
      presently. It is required to take proper history about the occupation of the
      patient, exposed to potentially hazardous levels of lead in the workplace and
      medically evaluate them.

PMID- 19996546
TI  - Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS) in a chemistry teacher induced by
      fumes of mixed iodine compounds.
AB  - The reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a type of occupational asthma
      without a latency period, and it is induced by irritating vapour, fume, or smoke.
      Although the onset of RADS has been related to over 30 different agents, it has
      not been previously associated with acute exposure to iodine, aluminium iodide,
      or hydrogen iodide. The diagnosis was based on exposure data, clinical symptoms
      and signs, as well as respiratory function tests and bronchoscopy. A 48-yr-old
      non-atopic, never-smoking female chemistry teacher developed respiratory symptoms
      immediately after a demonstration of oxidation-reduction reactions in a school
      classroom. Spirometry showed bronchial obstruction, and the histamine challenge
      test revealed bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These findings were still evident
      seven years after the incident. The prognosis of RADS was unfavourable: the
      patient had to quit her job as a teacher. A case of RADS following acute exposure
      to mixed iodine compounds is presented for the first time. Demonstrations of
      potentially dangerous chemical reactions should always be carried out in a fume
      cupboard, and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn.

PMID- 19996547
TI  - Clinical analysis of seven cases of trichloroethylene medicamentose-like
      dermatitis.
AB  - To grasp the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of
      trichloroethylene medicamentose-like dermatitis, seven hospitalized cases were
      analyzed in detail. The disease has various manifestations, among them, those
      accompanied by hepatitis or renal diseases are crucial. Adequate dose of
      corticosteroid hormone in earlier period could effectively control the patient's
      condition. Besides paying close attention to changes of the patient's skin, we
      should also keep an eye for the changes of the liver and kidneys and their
      relevant indices, as different patients have different prognoses.

PMID- 19996548
TI  - Evaluation of the practice guidelines of Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
      with AGREE instrument.
AB  - Guidelines for occupational physicians are increasing in number. Their quality
      and content is varied and they may even provide conflicting recommendations.
      Earlier studies show that guidelines directed at professionals in occupational
      health use scientific evidence unsystematically or inadequately. This article
      assesses the guidelines of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH).
      We selected a random sample of 29 guidelines from all those published by FIOH,
      which were assessed by four people individually using the AGREE instrument. The
      items were scored in six domains: scope and purpose of the guideline, stakeholder
      involvement, rigour of guideline development, clarity and presentation,
      application, and editorial independence. Mean domain scores were calculated
      according to AGREE instructions. The guidelines presented their scope and purpose
      well; the mean domain score was 62%. Their clarity and presentation was fairly
      good, mean domain score 47%. The stakeholder involvement's mean domain score was
      33%. The other domains scored low: applicability domain, 15%, rigour of guideline
      development, 9%, and editorial independence, 7% only. The rigour and reporting of
      guideline development seems to be the main challenge for future guideline
      production in FIOH. A common structure for guideline preparation is needed.

PMID- 19996549
TI  - Changes in the levels of progesterone receptor mRNA and protein in the bovine
      corpus luteum during the estrous cycle.
AB  - Progesterone (P4) is synthesized in the luteal cells of many species. The
      objective of the present study was to determine the expression pattern of P4
      receptor (PR) mRNA and the distribution of PR protein in the bovine corpus luteum
      (CL) during the estrous cycle. The gene expression of PR in the bovine CL
      throughout the estrous cycle was determined by real-time PCR analysis, and the PR
      protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Messenger RNA of PR was
      clearly expressed in the CL throughout the estrous cycle. The level of PR mRNA in
      the CL was highest at the early stage of the estrous cycle and was higher at the
      mid and late stages than at the regressed stage (P<0.01). In regard to the
      distribution of PR, the protein was expressed in both small and large luteal
      cells and in vascular endothelial cells throughout the estrous cycle. These
      results suggest that P4 has a role in regulating luteal and endothelial cell
      function in the bovine CL, especially at the early luteal stage as an
      autocrine/paracrine regulator.

PMID- 19996550
TI  - Cryopreservation of primordial germ cells by rapid cooling of whole zebrafish
      (Danio rerio) embryos.
AB  - The feasibility of cryopreservation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) primordial germ
      cells (PGCs) by rapid cooling (i.e., vitrification) of dechorionated whole
      embryos at the 14- to 20-somite stage was investigated. Initially, we examined
      the glass-forming properties and embryo toxicities of six cryoprotectants:
      methanol (MeOH), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),
      propylene glycol (PG) and 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG). According to the results
      of glass-forming and embryo toxicity tests, pretreatment solution (PS) containing
      2 or 3 M cryoprotectant and vitrification solution (VS) containing 5 M
      cryoprotectant and 0.5 M sucrose were prepared using each cryoprotectant.
      Dechorionated embryos, the PGCs of which were visualized by injection of green
      fluorescence protein-nos1 3'UTR mRNA, were cooled rapidly by plunging into liquid
      nitrogen after serial exposure to PS and VS. All embryos cooled with MeOH, PG and
      1,3-BG showed ice formation during cooling, and few embryos had live PGCs after
      warming. Most embryos cooled with GC did not show ice formation; however, few
      embryos had live PGCs. All embryos cooled with EG and most embryos cooled with
      DMSO had live PGCs when the embryos did not show ice formation during cooling.
      Based on the number of live PGCs in fresh embryos, the maximum survival rates of
      PGCs recovered from embryos cooled with EG and DMSO were estimated to be about 40
      and 20%, respectively. The present study indicates that rapid cooling of
      dechorionated whole embryos, especially using EG-based solutions, could be
      utilized as a simple and promising tool for cryopreservation of PGCs.

PMID- 19996551
TI  - Resistance to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in genic regions compared to non-genic
      repetitive sequences.
AB  - The DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) inhibitor and demethylating agent 5-aza-2'
      deoxycytidine (5azadC) has been used to induce cellular differentiation and gene
      activation. It has been approved for treating several kinds of malignancies due
      to its ability to reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes. Considering the
      potential effect of 5azadC on non-targeted genomic regions in normal cells, we
      investigated its effect on repetitive sequences and selected gene loci, Oct-4,
      Sall3, Per1, Clu, Dpep1 and Igf2r, including tissue-dependent and differentially
      methylated regions, by treating mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells with
      concentrations of 5azadC ranging from 0.001 to 5 microM. Demethylation of minor
      satellite repeats and endogenous viruses was concentration dependent, and the
      demethylation was strong at 1 and 5 microM. In genic regions, the methylation
      level decreased only at 0.1 microM, but was minimally altered at concentrations
      lower or higher, regardless of the abundance of CpG sites. Thus, repeats are
      strongly demethylated, but genic regions are only demethylated at effective
      doses. Genes were activated by 5azadC treatment and were accompanied by a unique
      combination of histone modifications in genic regions, including an increased
      level of H3K9me3 and a decreased level of AcH3. Increase of H3K9me3 in genic
      regions was not observed in Dnmt knock out cells. We identified differential
      effects of 5azadC on repetitive sequences and genic regions and revealed the
      importance of choosing appropriate 5azadC doses to achieve targeted gene
      recovery.

PMID- 19996552
TI  - Differential development of sex-related characters of chickens from the GSP and
      PNP/DO inbred lines after left ovariectomy.
AB  - To elucidate strain differences in the sex reversal of genetic females to
      phenotypic males, GSP and PNP/DO females were left ovariectomized (ovx) between
      one to three days after hatching, and the degree of masculinization based on sex
      related characters, histological analysis of the right gonad and hormone assay
      were assessed at one year of age. The GSP and PNP/DO inbred lines were both
      derived from the Fayoumi breed and are only differentiated based on the red blood
      cell antigen type carried by each inbred line. Combs and wattles were found to be
      significantly bigger (P<0.05) in the GSP ovx compared with the PNP/DO ovx
      chickens, although male plumage patterns were more pronounced in the PNP/DO ovx.
      Spurs were observed both in the GSP and PNP/DO ovx chickens with no significant
      difference (P>0.05) in length compared with the respective male controls, and
      body weight was not significantly different (P>0.05) compared with the female
      controls. The weight of the right gonad was significantly heavier (P<0.05) in the
      GSP ovx than in the PNP/DO ovx. Positive correlations were found in the sex
      related characters as well as the plasma testosterone level and right gonad
      weight in both the GSP and PNP/DO ovx chickens, but not in the spur length, which
      showed a negative correlation in the PNP/DO ovx chickens. Histological analysis
      revealed that the right gonads of the PNP/DO ovx chickens were morphologically
      developed compared with the GSP ovx chickens, which showed more advance stages of
      spermatogenesis. It could be inferred that PNP/DO females that exhibit a
      hereditary persistent right oviduct are more responsive to the masculinizing
      effect of ovariectomy compared with GSP females, suggesting that genetic
      background may have a possible contribution to the degree of masculinization and
      subsequent development of sex related characters.

PMID- 19996553
TI  - Ethylene glycol-supplemented calcium-free media improve zona penetration of
      vitrified rat oocytes by sperm cells.
AB  - Cryopreservation of matured oocytes is a useful technique because the oocytes can
      be used for some assisted reproductive technologies after warming. Even though
      rats, like mice, have been used in various research fields including reproductive
      technology, information about cryopreservation of rat oocytes is limited. The
      objective of the present study was to improve the vitrification protocol for
      matured rat oocytes. To determine the optimal equilibration time, oocytes were
      equilibrated in 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG) + 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + 20%
      fetal calf serum (FCS) for 1, 4, 7 or 10 min at 24 C and then 15% EG + 15% DMSO +
      0.5 M sucrose + 20% FCS for 1 min at 24 C before being plunged into liquid
      nitrogen on Cryotops. Oocytes exposed to equilibration medium for 4 min showed
      higher survival and cleavage rates after artificial activation than those of
      oocytes exposed for 1, 7 or 10 min. The survival and cleavage rates of vitrified
      oocytes after activation were 98.3 and 78.4%, respectively. However, the
      perivitelline spaces of most of the vitrified/warmed oocytes (6/168, 3.6%) could
      not be penetrated by sperm after in vitro fertilization, and cortical granule
      exocytosis (CGE) was observed in the oocytes. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of
      calcium and cryoprotectants in vitrification medium on CGE was examined. In most
      of the oocytes vitrified in calcium-free media, CGE was strongly suppressed
      independent of cryoprotectants. Oocytes vitrified in EG-supplemented calcium-free
      media showed high survival rates after warming (79.4%). After artificial
      activation, the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of the oocytes were also
      high (72.8 and 23.1%, respectively). The zona penetration rate of
      vitrified/warmed oocytes was dramatically improved by using EG-supplemented
      calcium-free media after in vitro fertilization (111/155, 63.9%). Thus, our data
      suggest that EG-supplemented calcium-free media improve zona penetration of
      vitrified rat oocytes by sperm cells.

PMID- 19996554
TI  - Formation of primordial follicles and immunolocalization of PTEN, PKB and FOXO3A
      proteins in the ovaries of fetal and neonatal pigs.
AB  - The assembly of primordial follicles and subsequent development and transition of
      the primordial follicle to the primary follicle are critical processes in ovarian
      biology. In order to examine follicle formation and development in fetal and
      neonatal pigs, ovarian samples were obtained from a famous local breed of Chinese
      pigs, Erhualian pigs, ranging in age from 50 days postcoitum to 1 day postpartum
      in our current study. Morphological changes in the ovaries of the fetal and
      neonatal pigs indicated that egg nests were the earliest recognizable gamete
      cells. The proportion of egg nests decreased from 98.4 to 25.6% and the
      proportion of single follicles increased from 1.6 to 74.4% between 70 and 90 days
      postcoitum. The proportions of primordial follicles increased between 70 and 90
      days postcoitum but decreased from 90 days postcoitum to 1 day postpartum. Our
      results suggested that the key stage of primordial follicle formation was between
      70 and 90 days postcoitum and that the major stage of transition from primordial
      follicles into primary follicles was between 90 days postcoitum and 1 day
      postpartum. Experiments were also conducted to examine the localization of PTEN,
      PKB and FOXO3A proteins in the porcine ovaries by immunohistochemistry and
      immunoblotting. The results indicated that PTEN, PKB and FOXO3A were localized in
      the germ cells of egg nests, cytoplasm of oocytes and granulosa cells of
      follicles ranging from the primordial to secondary stages and that the staining
      intensity was weak in granulosa cells but strong in oocytes. The different
      staining patterns of PTEN, FOXO3A and PKB suggested that these proteins were
      expressed in a stage- and cell-specific manner during ovarian follicle formation
      and development in the fetal and neonatal pig.

PMID- 19996555
TI  - Effects of recombinant relaxin on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes.
AB  - Relaxin, a member of the insulin superfamily, has diverse functions in both
      reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. The aim of the present study was to
      evaluate the effects of recombinant relaxin on the in vitro maturation of porcine
      oocytes and their subsequent embryonic development following in vitro
      fertilization. Three concentrations of relaxin (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) were used
      in the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium [TCM supplemented with 10% (v/v) porcine
      follicular fluid, 10 ng/ml of epidermal growth factor, 4 IU/ml of pregnant mare
      serum gonadotropin, and (only for the first 22 hr) 4 IU/ml of human chorionic
      gonadotropin]. Relaxin was used during the entire IVM period. Nuclear maturation
      of oocytes was examined under ultraviolet light following staining with
      bisbenzimide (Hoechst 33342) for 5 min and mounted on a glass slide. The
      glutathione (GSH) content in oocytes, an important indicator of cytoplasmic
      maturity, was measured using a micro-glutathione assay. Cryopreserved boar semen
      was used for in vitro fertilization. Embryos were cultured in modified NCSU-23
      medium supplemented with 0.5 mM pyruvate and 5 mM lactate. Although nuclear
      maturation of oocytes did not vary, the GSH content in oocytes was significantly
      higher when cultured with 1 ng/ml (7.9 pmol/oocyte) and 10 ng/ml (8.47
      pmol/oocyte) compared to a control group. However, no additional beneficial
      effect was observed when 100 ng/ml of relaxin was added to the IVM medium. A
      significantly higher rate of blastocyst formation was observed with 10 ng of
      relaxin (32.4%) compared to the control (14.4%) or 100 ng of relaxin (21.4%). No
      difference between 1 ng and 10 ng was observed in terms of the blastocyst
      production rate. The inner cell mass cell numbers in relaxin-treated groups were
      significantly higher than control, and trophectoderm cell number was the highest
      in the 10 ng relaxin group. Relaxin (10 ng/ml) can be supplemented in IVM medium
      to support the maturation of porcine oocytes.

PMID- 19996556
TI  - Behavioral reactivity of Jindo dogs socialized at an early age compared with non
      socialized dogs.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether socialized Jindo puppies would
      show different behavioral reactivity from non-socialized puppies. Puppies (n=12),
      7 weeks of age, were divided into socialized and non-socialized groups. The
      socialized group from the 7th until 13th week after birth was provided a
      socialization program, and the non-socialized group was reared in a semi-isolated
      environment without being exposed to the program. At 13 weeks after birth, both
      groups were adopted by new families and raised as a family pet until adulthood.
      Both groups were tested in 5 behavioral tests at 7, 9, 11, 13 and 60 weeks of
      age, and their behavioral responses to the tests were recorded using video
      cameras. The contact, fearful and playful behaviors toward each behavioral test
      were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 points. Using all of the score data, a principal
      component analysis (PCA) extracted three primary factors: 'social reactivity
      towards humans and a dog', 'playful reactivity towards novel stimuli and a dog'
      and 'fearful reactivity towards social stimuli'. The three extracted factors were
      compared between the socialized and non-socialized groups in each test session
      (weeks). Based on the results, the socialized Jindo puppies in the test session
      at the 9th week after birth, in contrast to the non-socialized puppies, exhibited
      a higher intensity of playful reactivity towards novel stimuli and a dog.
      However, there were no effects of the socialization program on the Jindo puppies
      in terms of social reactivity towards humans and a dog as well as fearful
      reactivity towards social stimuli.

PMID- 19996557
TI  - Efficacy of transsphenoidal surgery on endocrinological status and serum
      chemistry parameters in dogs with Cushing's disease.
AB  - Postoperative changes in endocrinological status and serum chemistry during the 4
      years after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in 25 dogs with Cushing's disease were
      investigated in a prospective study. In all 25 dogs, Cushing's disease was
      diagnosed from resected pituitary tissues as a corticotroph adenoma in the
      anterior lobe of the pituitary. Prior to TSS, all 25 dogs showed
      hypercortisolemia. After TSS, the ACTH stimulation test showed continued low
      serum cortisol concentrations in 21 dogs (84%). In addition, the serum thyroid
      stimulating hormone concentrations decreased sequentially, while the serum T4
      concentrations tended to increase due to the postoperative hormone substitution
      therapy utilized to avoid secondary hypothyroidism. In regard to serum chemistry,
      alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total cholesterol
      are commonly increased in canine Cushing's disease. In this study, ALP, ALT and
      total cholesterol were increased in 23 cases (92%), 19 cases (76%) and 20 cases
      (80%), respectively. However, postoperatively, these concentrations gradually
      decreased. The postoperative serum concentrations of ALP at 1 year, that of ALT
      at six months to 2 years and that of total cholesterol over the course of the 4
      years decreased significantly compared with the concentrations before TSS. These
      results show that TSS is an effective treatment for canine Cushing's disease and
      for long-term improvement of hypercortisolemia. Moreover, TSS is effective in
      improvement of hypercortisolism, such as increased concentrations of serum ALP,
      ALT and total cholesterol.

PMID- 19996558
TI  - Mydriasis associated with local dysfunction of parasympathetic nerves in two
      dogs.
AB  - In clinical practice, photophobia resulting from persistent mydriasis may be
      associated with dysfunction of ocular parasympathetic nerves or primary iris
      lesions. We encountered a 5-year-old Miniature Dachshund and a 7-year-old Shih
      Tzu with mydriasis, abnormal pupillary light reflexes, and photophobia. Except
      for sustained mydriasis and photophobia, no abnormalities were detected on
      general physical examination or ocular examination of either dog. We performed
      pharmacological examinations using 0.1% and 2% pilocarpine to evaluate and
      diagnose parasympathetic denervation of the affected pupillary sphincter muscles.
      On the basis of the results, we diagnosed a pupillary abnormality due to
      parasympathetic dysfunction and not to overt primary iris lesions. The test
      revealed that neuroanatomic localization of the lesion was postciliary ganglionic
      in the first dog.

PMID- 19996559
TI  - Frequent development of inflammatory lesions and lymphoid foci in the kidneys of
      Japanese wild crows (Corvus macrorhynchos and Corvus corone) as a result of the
      entry of causal agents via the renal portal blood.
AB  - Although the increase in the number of wild crows is causing social problems in
      urban areas, crows play an increasingly important role in monitoring serious
      infectious diseases, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and West Nile
      fever. To gain a better understanding of normal conditions and common disorders
      in crows, we conducted a retrospective study of wild crows captured in central
      Japan in the 1990s and examined the necropsy findings from 166 jungle crows
      (Corvus macrorhynchos) and 74 carrion crows (Corvus corone). We found frequent
      development of lymphoid foci and inflammatory lesions in the kidneys of both
      species of crows. These findings were unrelated to place or date of capture,
      indicating the universality of renal lesion developments in the Corvus species.
      In the kidneys, suppurative granulomas were concentrated in the renal cortex and
      the vein wall, indicating the haematoegenous spread of causal agents. However,
      the glomeruli remained intact, unlike the spreading of causal agents via arterial
      blood, which strongly suggested the renal portal blood as a possible entry route
      of causal agents. The renal lymphoid foci showed the same distribution as the
      granulomas, supporting the possibility of external agents entering through renal
      portal blood. We also identified types of parasites in Japanese wild crows by
      means of histopathological analysis. We hope that our data will contribute to the
      appropriate evaluation and a better understanding of pathological conditions in
      Japanese wild crows.

PMID- 19996560
TI  - Early mortality following intracerebral infection with the Oshima strain of tick
      borne encephalitis virus in a mouse model.
AB  - Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent that causes acute
      central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans. In this study, we examined the
      pathogenic process following intracerebral infection with the Oshima strain of
      TBEV in a mouse model. Intracerebral infection resulted in dose-dependent
      mortality, and all mice died following challenge with 10(2) PFU or more of the
      virus within 10 days. Acutely necrotic neurons and widespread inflammation were
      observed throughout the CNS. We therefore conclude that mortality following
      intracerebral infection results from a direct CNS pathology.

PMID- 19996561
TI  - Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the Bcl-2 gene increases apoptosis in a
      canine melanoma cell line.
AB  - The effects of down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, by small interfering RNA
      (siRNA) against the canine Bcl-2 genes, on apoptosis were investigated by
      transfecting MCM-N1 (canine malignant oral melanoma cell line) cells with siRNA
      using cationic liposomes. The siRNA against the canine Bcl-2 genes increased the
      number of apoptotic cells. In addition, sequence-specific down-regulation of Bcl
      2 expression was measured by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The siRNA directed
      against these genes reduced both mRNA and protein expression in the MCM-N1 cells.
      Our study suggests the importance of Bcl-2 in canine melanoma tumors for inducing
      apoptosis and reinforces using Bcl-2 as a putative therapeutic target in canine
      malignant melanoma tumor.

PMID- 19996562
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated
      from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in Japan.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 23 Treponema phagedenis-like
      spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis
      (PDD) lesions in Japan were investigated by a broth microdilution method using 15
      antimicrobial agents. Although all MIC values showed a monomodal distribution,
      the MICs of the antimicrobial agents for 90% (MIC(90)) of the isolates tested
      varied among the agents examined. The MIC(90) values for penicillin G,
      ampicillin, and erythromycin were <0.06 microg/ml. In contrast, the MIC(90)
      values for kanamycin, streptomycin, rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim,
      and colistin were >128 microg/ml. Oxytetracycline, lincomycin, enrofloxacin,
      chloramphenicol, ceftiofur, and gentamicin showed intermediate values, i.e.,
      0.5~32 microg/ml. The present study suggested that no isolate had acquired
      resistance to the antimicrobial agents examined, although they may have natural
      resistance to some agents. Furthermore, the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility
      data would provide helpful information for PDD treatment and the development of a
      selective medium for isolating the organism effectively.

PMID- 19996563
TI  - BMP Inhibition with dorsomorphin limits adipogenic potential of preadipocytes.
AB  - Previous studies revealed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces
      commitment to the adipocyte lineage in pluripotent stem cells. The present study
      explored the role of endogenous BMP activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The
      expression of phospho-Smad1/5/8 was monitored because BMP transmits its signal
      through Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. Phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 was higher in
      proliferating preadipocytes, and lower in differentiating adipocytes after
      removing differentiation inducers. Reporter assays revealed that dorsomorphin
      predominantly inhibits the BMP pathway but not the structurally related TGF
      beta/activin pathway. The addition of dorsomorphin to the culture medium prior to
      treatment with differentiation inducers impaired lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1
      cells. The present study indicated that activation of BMP signaling in
      preadipocytes is required for these cells to initiate the adipogenic program.

PMID- 19996564
TI  - Cross-reactivity of Japanese encephalitis virus-vaccinated horse sera in
      serodiagnosis of West Nile virus.
AB  - Flavivirus-infected sera are known to show cross-reactions in serodiagnoses of
      heterologous flavivirus infections. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is endemic
      in Asia and, in Japan, many horses are vaccinated against JEV. However, the cross
      reactivity level of JEV-vaccinated horse sera in the serodiagnosis of West Nile
      virus (WNV) has not been clarified. The antibody cross-reactivity of JEV
      vaccinated horse sera in WNV serological tests, such as the plaque reduction
      neutralization test (PRNT), IgG indirect ELISA (IgG-ELISA) and hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) test, was examined. All JEV-vaccinated horse sera were positive
      for JEV antibodies with JEV PRNT at both 90% and 50% plaque reductions. In WNV
      PRNT, 16.7% of the horses were positive at 90% plaque reduction, and 50% of the
      horses were positive at 50% plaque reduction. All the JEV-vaccinated horse sera
      showed positive-to-negative (P/N) ratios of over 2.0 with JEV IgG-ELISA, and half
      of them had P/N ratios of over 2.0 with WNV IgG-ELISA. There was little
      difference between the JEV HI and WNV HI titers in individual horses. These
      results indicate that in serosurveillance of WNV, JEV-vaccinated horses can
      produce false-positive results in WNV IgG-ELISA, HI and PRNT.

PMID- 19996565
TI  - The effect of tert-butylhydroquinone-induced oxidative stress in MDBK cells using
      XTT assay: implication of tert-butylhydroquinone-induced NADPH generating
      enzymes.
AB  - Tetrazolium salts such as XTT and MTT are widely used to produce formazan for
      cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays through bioreductase activity.
      However, the XTT assay showed significant increase in MDBK cell viability when
      cells were treated with both 50 and 100 muM of the pro-oxidant, tert
      butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ), although the crystal violet assay showed no cytotoxic
      effect with these concentrations, and the induction of lipid peroxidation was not
      observed. We investigated the mechanism of enhancement of XTT substrate reduction
      after treatment of MDBK cells with t-BHQ, leading to apparent increase in cell
      viability. t-BHQ caused an increase in absorbance at 340 nm in culture medium,
      suggesting that t-BHQ increases cellular production and release of NADH and/or
      NADPH. Although t-BHQ did not change the NADH concentration in cell culture
      medium, the addition of NADP(+)-dependent glutathione reductase decreased the XTT
      reduction to the control level, indicating cellular release of NADPH. t-BHQ also
      increased intracellular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, producing
      NADPH. Taken together, our findings indicate that t-BHQ treatment activates NADPH
      generating enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase followed by release
      of NADPH in the cell culture medium, resulting in direct XTT reduction by NADPH.

PMID- 19996566
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a pathogenic Newcastle disease virus from a
      natural case in indonesia.
AB  - This study was performed to isolate a velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
      strain currently found in Indonesia for establishing a domestic reference virus
      for future pathological and molecular epidemiological studies. A chicken
      suspected to have contracted Newcastle disease (ND) in a local outbreak in Bali
      was selected for NDV isolation. Atrophy of lymphoid tissues such as the bursa of
      Fabricius, thymus, and spleen; intestinal haemorrhage; and oedema of the brain
      were observed in the chicken. Histopathological examination revealed severe non
      suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis characterised by neuronal necrosis,
      multifocal to diffuse gliosis, and perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells,
      hemorrhagic necrosis of the trachea, intestines and bursa of Fabricius, and
      various degree of lymphoid depletion and necrosis of the lymphoid tissues. After
      ND was confirmed immunohistochemically, the NDV was propagated by inoculating
      tissue homogenate of the diseased chicken in embryonated eggs. Phylogenetic
      analysis based on the F gene nucleotide sequence revealed that this isolate
      belonged to genotype VII. The deduced amino acid sequence of the isolated NDV F
      protein at the cleavage site was (112)RRQKRF(117), which is typically found in
      virulent NDV isolates. Pathogenicity indexes such as the mean death time (MDT)
      and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) were 54 hr and 1.77, respectively.
      Pathological findings, phylogenetic analysis, amino acid sequence of the F
      protein cleavage site, and pathogenicity index test results revealed the NDV
      isolate, designated as NDV/Bali-1/07, to be a novel Indonesian velogenic NDV
      strain belonging to group VII.

PMID- 19996567
TI  - Intralesional photodynamic therapy: a comment on 'Pretreatment to enhance
      protoporphyrin IX accumulation in photodynamic therapy' by Gerritsen et al.

PMID- 19996568
TI  - Exceptional bone metastasis of basal cell carcinoma in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most prevalent form of cancer
      worldwide, is a malignant skin neoplasm. It is locally invasive, with an
      exceptional incidence of reported metastasis. It can also be part of the Gorlin
      Goltz syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with high penetrance and
      variable expressivity, which is principally characterized by cutaneous BCC,
      odontogenic keratocysts, palmar and/or plantar pits, and falx cerebri
      calcification. OBSERVATION: We report the exceptional clinical observation of a
      54-year-old man presenting bone metastasis from BCC in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.
      CONCLUSION: Less than 300 cases of metastatic BCC have been reported in the
      literature. The present case is the second associated with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.

PMID- 19996569
TI  - Adult xanthogranuloma mimicking basal cell carcinoma: dermoscopy, reflectance
      confocal microscopy and pathological correlation.
AB  - Juvenile xanthogranuloma in adulthood is an infrequent non-Langerhans cell
      histiocytosis, which may simulate malignant tumors such as basal cell carcinoma
      (BCC) or amelanotic melanoma. Dermoscopy has been described as a useful tool in
      the preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranuloma. We report a xanthogranuloma on the
      suprapubic area of a 48-year-old female, which clinically and dermoscopically
      mimicked a BCC with a yellowish hue and arborizing vessels. Reflectance confocal
      microscopy exhibited large highly refractive atypical cells in the dermis, some
      of them with pleomorphic nuclei, corresponding to Touton cells in the
      histopathological study. To our knowledge this is the first description of the
      clinical, dermoscopic and confocal microscopy correlations of a xanthogranuloma.

PMID- 19996570
TI  - How can we not 'lose it' if we still don't understand how to 'use it'? Unanswered
      questions about the influence of activity participation on cognitive performance
      in older age--a mini-review.
AB  - The 'use it or lose it' hypothesis of cognitive aging predicts that engagement in
      intellectual, social, and physical activities offers protective benefits from age
      related cognitive decline and lowers dementia risk. Although this hypothesis has
      not yet been supported conclusively, there is some empirical evidence in favor of
      the proposal. However, a number of questions surrounding the relationship between
      activity participation and cognitive ability in older adulthood are not yet well
      answered. This mini-review identifies seven key methodological and theoretical
      issues that are critical to our understanding and eventual possible promotion of
      activity participation as a way to maintain cognitive well-being. These include
      the mechanisms involved, the optimal ways of assessing activity engagement, which
      cognitive domains receive the most benefit from activity engagement, the temporal
      nature and the directionality of the relationship, the influence of demographic
      variables such as age, gender, or education, and whether one activity domain
      offers the most benefit to cognition. The current knowledge on each of these
      issues is critically evaluated, including describing what we already know about
      the issue, and identifying potential difficulties and opportunities that may
      exist in finding an answer. More studies need to take on the challenge of
      specifically targeting these issues, as each is essential to moving the field
      forward.

PMID- 19996571
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy on neuronal substrate fuel transporter and energy
      transducer gene expression in hypothalamic and hindbrain metabolic monitoring
      sites.
AB  - It has been reported that adrenalectomy (ADX) and the potent type II
      glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone, exert opposing effects on glucose
      utilization in specific brain regions, including the hypothalamus. The present
      study investigated the hypothesis that ADX alters neuronal substrate fuel
      transporter mRNA levels in characterized hypothalamic and hindbrain metabolic
      monitoring structures, and adjustments in these gene profiles are correlated with
      modified transcription of genes encoding the glucose sensor, glucokinase (GCK),
      and the energy-dependent, inwardly-rectifying potassium channel, K(ATP). The
      lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), and
      dorsal vagal complex (DVC) were microdissected from ADX and sham-operated male
      rats 2 h after neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin or vehicle injection, and
      evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for neuronal glucose (GLUT3, GLUT4),
      monocarboxylate (MCT2) transporter, GCK, and sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR1) mRNA
      content. ADX modified basal fuel transporter and energy transducer gene
      expression in a site-specific manner since this manipulation decreased MCT2 and
      GLUT3 transcription in the DVC only; increased or decreased GCK mRNA in the LHA
      and VMN, respectively; and decreased SUR1 gene profiles in the DVC and LHA.
      Adrenal removal did not alter baseline GLUT4 mRNA in any structure examined. ADX
      also prevented the following transcriptional responses to insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia: downregulated DVC MCT2, downregulated DVC and upregulated LHA and
      VMN GLUT3, upregulated LHA GLUT4, upregulated LHA GCK, and upregulated VMN SUR1.
      These results show that the adrenals regulate basal GLUT3 gene profiles in the
      DVC alone; during hypoglycemia, these glands suppress (DVC) or increase GLUT3
      (LHA and VMH) mRNA, and selectively elevate GLUT4 transcripts in the LHA. The
      data demonstrate divergent adrenal control of DVC neuronal monocarboxylate
      transporter gene expression under basal (stimulatory) versus hypoglycemic
      (inhibitory) conditions. The current work also reveals contrasting adrenal
      regulation of baseline GCK mRNA in the LHA (inhibitory) and VMN (stimulatory), as
      well as adrenal-dependent hypoglycemic enhancement of LHA GCK and VMN SUR1 gene
      profiles. Additional research is required to characterize the impact of adrenal
      sensitive substrate transporter and metabolic transducer function on fuel uptake
      and metabolic regulatory signaling in these brain sites.

PMID- 19996572
TI  - Protective effect of the nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor pyrrolidine
      dithiocarbamate in lung injury in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes debilitating complications and, as a
      result, diabetics frequently require intensive care. Although lungs are not
      thought to be affected primarily by DM, an increasing number of studies indicate
      physiological and structural abnormalities in diabetic lungs. OBJECTIVES:
      Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a metal chelator and a potent inhibitor of
      NF-kappaB. Keeping in mind that NF-kappaB activation may be crucial in end-organ
      injury due to DM, we studied the role of PDTC on the inhibition of NF-kappaB
      activation and its effects on possible lung injury in rats with streptozotocin
      induced DM. METHODS: 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups:
      diabetes, diabetes + PDTC, control and control + PDTC. At the end of 10 weeks,
      rats were sacrificed and their lungs were taken for histopathological and
      immunohistochemical evaluation [for NF-kappaB (p65) and endothelial nitric oxide
      (eNOS) immunoreactivities]. Protein carbonyl content (PCC), superoxide dismutase
      (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were measured. RESULTS:
      Histopathologically, basal membranes were thickened and there was intense
      inflammatory reaction in diabetic lungs. However, the PDTC group, in which there
      were poor positive expressions of eNOS and p65 activity compared to diabetes
      group, revealed fewer inflammatory changes. PCC levels in diabetic lungs were
      higher, but SOD and GSH activities were lower. However, measurements of these
      parameters in the PDTC group and controls gave similar results. CONCLUSION: Lungs
      are exposed to changes induced by oxidative stress in diabetes through NF-kappaB
      activation and PDTC seems to be useful to prevent diabetic lung injury.

PMID- 19996573
TI  - Cryptogenic hemoptysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: characteristics
      and outcome.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hemoptysis is a common presenting symptom and cause of
      hospitalization in the department of respiratory diseases. In a number of
      patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting with this
      symptom, investigations fail to reveal a precise etiology. Little data are
      available regarding characteristics and outcome of COPD patients presenting with
      cryptogenic hemoptysis (CH). OBJECTIVES: Our study goal was to assess the
      functional characteristics of these subjects, the risk factors for CH and the
      severity of hemoptysis, as well as long-term outcome. METHODS: For more than 1
      year, we enrolled and followed a group of 39 consecutive COPD patients admitted
      to our center with CH. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 2003, 39 patients with COPD were
      admitted for CH in which investigation failed to reveal an etiology. The mean age
      was 51.3 years. All subjects were active smokers. Twenty-one patients (54%) had
      at least 1 risk factor for prolonged bleeding. Patients with more severe airflow
      obstruction tended to have more severe bleeding. Bronchoscopy appeared as useful
      as a computed tomography in locating the bleeding site. Arterial embolization
      succeeded in controlling bleeding in all patients who underwent angiography. One
      patient experienced a relapse in bleeding at 2 months. One developed lung cancer
      after 1 year. Thirty-four patients were followed for an average of 5 years. Only
      2 subjects experienced recurrent hemoptysis. None died. CONCLUSIONS: CH in
      patients with COPD is associated with a favorable short- and long-term outcome
      when managed with timely angiographic embolization. Long-term incidence of lung
      cancer was uncommon after an episode of CH, and recurrences of hemoptysis were
      rare.

PMID- 19996574
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension for clinicians: time to call on genetics?

PMID- 19996575
TI  - RANTES in exhaled breath condensate of allergic asthma patients with exercise
      induced bronchoconstriction.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The response of asthmatics to exercise differs from that of healthy
      subjects, and the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
      (EIB) remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate
      changes in RANTES levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) following intensive
      exercise in allergic asthmatics. METHODS: The study was conducted in a group of
      19 asthmatics (11 with EIB and 8 without EIB) and 7 healthy volunteers. Changes
      in the concentrations of RANTES in EBC induced during the 24 h after intensive
      exercise were determined. Moreover, these measurements were tested for possible
      correlations with the results of other tests commonly associated with asthma as
      well as with changes in airway inflammation after exercise. RESULTS: In contrast
      to asthmatic patients without EIB and healthy controls, in asthmatics with EIB
      RANTES concentrations were statistically significantly increased in EBC collected
      during the first 24 h after an exercise test. There was a statistically
      significant correlation between the maximum increase in RANTES concentrations in
      EBC after exercise and either baseline exhaled nitric oxide (F(ENO)) or bronchial
      hyperreactivity to histamine and an increase in serum eosinophil cationic protein
      or F(ENO) 24 h after exercise in the EIB asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in
      RANTES in asthmatic airways, promoting the migration and activation of
      inflammatory cells including eosinophils, may play an important role in the
      upregulation of airway inflammation after EIB in asthmatic patients.

PMID- 19996576
TI  - Effects of acute blood volume expansion on respiratory mechanics in the rat.
AB  - BACKGROUNDS: The effects of acute blood volume expansion (BVE) on the respiratory
      mechanics of normal animals have been not extensively studied. The subject is of
      both theoretical and practical interest since BVE is a frequent medical
      intervention, and the associated increase in cardiac output may occur in
      different physiopathological situations. OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in
      the parameters of respiratory mechanics occurring as an effect of acute BVE and
      the related increase in cardiac output. METHODS: We applied the end-inflation
      occlusion method in normal, positive pressure-ventilated rats to measure the
      respiratory mechanics under control and BVE conditions. RESULTS: Under BVE
      conditions, we found a statistically significant increase in static respiratory
      system elastance (E(st,rs)), ohmic airway resistance plus resistance of
      respiratory system tissues to movement (R(min,rs)), and overall resistance
      including pendelluft and stress relaxation effects (R(max,rs)). Under BVE
      conditions, the resistive component due to sole stress relaxation and pendelluft
      (R(visc,rs)) increased almost significantly while a significant increment in mean
      respiratory system hysteresis surface area (Hy(rs)) was also found. CONCLUSIONS:
      Increasing pulmonary blood flow by BVE increases the mechanical work of breathing
      because of the effects on E(st,rs), R(min,rs) and R(max,rs), and because of the
      increase in Hy(rs).

PMID- 19996577
TI  - Studying regression of seborrheic keratosis in lichenoid keratosis with
      sequential dermoscopy imaging.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lichenoid keratosis (LK) is a well-described entity that has been
      proposed to represent a regressive response to a pre-existent epidermal lesion.
      AIMS: To evaluate the natural evolution of a series of cases showing the
      intermediate stage of the regression of seborrheic keratosis in LK using
      sequential dermoscopy imaging over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of
      lesions with dermoscopic areas of seborrheic keratosis and LK in the same tumor
      were consecutively collected for over 3 years at the Dermatology Department of
      the Hospital de Sant Pau i Santa Tecla, Tarragona, Spain. Sequential dermoscopic
      images of each case were collected quarterly for 1 year. At the end of the follow
      up, all the lesions were biopsied. RESULTS: A total of 22 cases were collected.
      At the end of the follow-up, the LK part increased in all the lesions. In 11
      cases (50%), the seborrheic keratosis part disappeared completely, and in another
      5 cases (22.7%), seborrheic keratosis comprised only 10% of the remaining area.
      CONCLUSIONS: These dermoscopic study findings support the proposal that LK
      represents a regressive response to a pre-existent epidermal lesion, in this case
      seborrheic keratosis.

PMID- 19996578
TI  - Smoking and alcohol intake in severely affected patients with psoriasis in
      Germany.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Smoking and alcohol may contribute as triggering factors for
      psoriasis and are substantial for managing severely affected psoriasis patients.
      OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the general state of smoking and alcohol intake in a
      group of hospitalized, severely affected patients with psoriasis in comparison
      with the general population of Germany. METHODS: A retrospective, multicentre
      study analysing data from 1,203 patients with severe psoriasis was performed.
      RESULTS: 43.3% of all patients were found to be active smokers (males: 46.6%;
      females: 39.2%) with a higher likelihood as the control group (odds ratio, OR,
      2.08, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.81-2.39; p < 0.0001). 14.9% of all patients
      were found to be excessive drinkers (female patients: 5.5%; male patients:
      22.3%), more likely than the control group (OR 3.10, 95% CI 2.53-3.80; p <
      0.0001); males had an OR of 2.86 (95% CI 2.29-3.56; p < 0.0001) and females an OR
      of 5.12 (95% CI 3.12-8.39; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Smoking and alcohol intake
      are independently associated with severe forms of psoriasis. Disease severity is
      correlated with smoking in both genders as well as with alcohol intake in female
      patients.

PMID- 19996579
TI  - Anal mucosal melanoma with KIT-activating mutation and response to imatinib
      therapy--case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Previously an increased frequency of KIT aberrations in mucosal melanomas was
      reported, whereas c-KIT in most types of cutaneous melanomas does not appear to
      be of pathogenetic importance. Imatinib has become the standard of care in other
      cancers with KIT mutations such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Recently 12
      cases of metastatic melanoma and KIT-activating mutations have been published to
      be successfully treated with c-KIT blockers such as imatinib, sunitinib,
      dasatinib or sorafenib. We report here on one of our patients with KIT-activating
      mutation in metastatic anal mucosal melanoma, who showed a response to imatinib
      therapy and summarize the available literature regarding this new therapeutic
      option.

PMID- 19996580
TI  - Immune reactivity and attractiveness.
AB  - Over the past decades, information about the characteristics of attractiveness
      has accumulated. We know about eight pillars of beauty, among them youthfulness,
      symmetry, hormone markers and body odor. But what is the biological function of
      these attractive signals? Is there one common function to be found in all eight
      beauty markers? In this paper, we argue that attractiveness signals immune
      resistance. Being attractive would thus be an honest signal for an immune system
      that coped well with the environmental challenges it was exposed to during
      ontogeny. This is a prerequisite for developmental stability, which again affects
      the differentiation of beauty characteristics. We argue that human preferences
      and mate choice criteria have evolved in coevolution with parasites, and that the
      current parasite load modulates our decision making.

PMID- 19996581
TI  - Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in elderly patients with normal serum
      creatinine levels undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.

PMID- 19996582
TI  - Impact of Multiphase 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT on therapy management in patients with
      neuroendocrine tumors.
AB  - AIM: Retrospective evaluation of the impact of integrated positron emission
      tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using (68)Ga-DOTA(0)-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)
      octreotide ((68)Ga-DOTATOC) on the therapeutic management of patients with
      neuroendocrine tumors (NET). METHODS: The (68)Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT data of 66
      patients (31 male, 35 female; age: 29-79, mean age: 56 years) with known or
      suspected NET were included. Imaging data (PET and triple-phase contrast-enhanced
      CT) were evaluated in consensus by two readers for the visualization of NET
      manifestations. Combined PET/CT, clinical and imaging follow-up as well as
      histopathology (if available) served as the reference standard. In order to
      assess the impact of the respective submodalities on the therapeutic strategy
      chosen, the results were compared to the treatment decision made by the
      interdisciplinary NET tumor board of our institution. RESULTS: Two of the initial
      66 patients included did not suffer from NET according to further
      immunohistopathological examination. In 50 of the remaining 64 (78%) NET
      patients, a total of 181 NET manifestations were detected by PET/CT. 59/181
      (32.6%) were detected by one submodality only (CT 17.1%, PET 15.5%, p for
      comparison of both = 0.459). Combined PET/CT reading had an impact on the
      therapeutic management in 24 of 64 (38%) NET patients: primary resection (n = 5),
      curative lymph node resection (n = 1), initiation/switch of chemotherapy (CTx)
      due to progressive disease (n = 10), no surgery due to systemic disease (n = 2),
      radiopeptide receptor therapy instead of CTx (n = 1), additional bisphosphonate
      therapy (n = 4), and hepatic brachytherapy (n = 1). In 12 of 24 (50%) of these
      patients, relevant findings were detected by a single submodality only: CT (n =
      5), PET (n = 7); p for comparison = 0.774). CONCLUSION: (68)Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT
      influences therapeutic management in about one third of patients examined. CT and
      PET are comparably sensitive, deliver complementary information and equally
      contribute to therapeutic decision-making. Thus, despite the merits of the PET
      modality, the CT component must not be neglected and an optimized multiphase CT
      protocol is recommended.

PMID- 19996583
TI  - Amygdala and socio-sexual behavior in male zebra finches.
AB  - Neuroanatomical studies including pathway tracing and cytochemical
      characterizations have suggested that the avian nucleus taeniae of the amygdala
      (TnA) might be homologous to a part of the mammalian medial amygdala. Recent
      behavioral observations in TnA-lesioned birds also reported deficits in the
      control of motivational aspects of behavior, advancing the concept of homology of
      the structure in the two classes of animals. To further examine the functional
      role of TnA, we used a highly social, monogamous song bird species, the zebra
      finch, for our experiments. Male birds received a focal lesion of TnA, and
      several aspects of socio-sexual behavior of these animals were compared with
      control bird behavior. We found that zebra finch males with TnA lesions were
      never chosen as sexual partners by a female in a triadic situation with another
      male because they showed less sexually motivated behavior. Because such sexually
      motivated behavior was shown in dyadic situations with a lesioned male and a
      female, however, and females in this situation also showed pair bonding behavior
      towards the lesioned males, TnA might be involved in other behaviors, not just
      sexual behavior towards females. Instead, it might play a role in the control of
      a variety of social encounters including male-female and male-male interactions.
      This research clearly indicates that TnA, by its involvement in the control of
      socio-sexual behavior, is functionally comparable with the mammalian medial
      amygdala.

PMID- 19996585
TI  - Aquatic environment and differentiation of vibrissae: comparison of sinus hair
      systems of ringed seal, otter and pole cat.
AB  - This study investigated the structure and innervation of the vibrissal systems of
      the pole cat (Mustela putorius), European otter (Lutra lutra) and ringed seal
      (Phoca hispida) in order to find adaptations to aquatic environment. The number
      of myelinated nerve fibers of deep vibrissal nerve (DVN) of the entire vibrissal
      system was considerably greater in the ringed seal (10x, aquatic mammal) and in
      the otter (4x, semi-aquatic mustelid) compared to the pole cat which is a
      terrestrial mustelid. Similarly, the number of neural end organs in the vibrissae
      of ringed seals was about ten times more numerous than in pole cats. The number
      of the vibrissae in the heads of otters was almost two times more than in pole
      cats, and all vibrissa groups had similar structures and innervation. The
      asymmetrically developed carpal vibrissae of otters were, however, more poorly
      innervated than the vibrissae of the head and had only smooth musculature. In the
      ringed seal the orientation of lanceolate end organs differed in different
      vibrissae, indicating the specialization of these vibrissae for different kinds
      of sensory functions. Ringed seal vibrissae contain structures which obviously
      are developed as adaptations to an aquatic environment. These include the
      modified mitochondria of Merkel cells, with Merkel cell-neurite complexes very
      often associated ciliated cells, liquid filled vesicles or intercellular spaces
      below the basal cell layer of the outer root sheath at the ring sinus level, a
      long upper cavernous sinus and a flattened beaded structure of the vibrissa
      hairs. As the vibrissae of aquatic mammals have analogous functions to the
      lateral line organ of fishes, we suggest using the term 'vibrissal sense' for the
      vibrissa system of aquatic mammals.

PMID- 19996584
TI  - Sex-dependent species discrimination in auditory forebrain of naturally
      hybridizing birds.
AB  - Pairs of individuals breed together only if they recognize each other as the same
      species, but the process of recognizing conspecifics can depend on flexible
      criteria even when species-specific signals are innate and fixed. This study
      examines species recognition in naturally hybridizing sister species, California
      and Gambel's quail (Callipepla californica and Callipepla gambelii), that have
      vocalizations which are not learned. Specifically, this study tests whether being
      raised in a vocalizing mixed-species cohort affects neural activity in the adult
      auditory forebrain in response to heterospecific and conspecific calls. After
      hatching, quail chicks were raised either with their own kind or with both
      species. Once reaching reproductive condition, each adult was played a recording
      that was one of three types: Gambel's quail opposite-sex contact calls;
      California quail opposite-sex contact calls; or synthetic tones. Brains were
      collected following playback and assessed for neuronal activity by quantifying
      expression of the protein of the immediate early gene, ZENK, in two brain
      regions, the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) and the caudomedial mesopallium (CMM).
      ZENK levels were greater in NCM of males than females, but female NCM cells
      responded differentially to conspecific compared to heterospecific calls. Namely,
      females had more immuno-positive NCM cells when they heard conspecific calls
      rather than heterospecific male calls. Early experience with heterospecific
      broodmates did not alter neural responses in the NCM or CMM to heterospecific
      vocalizations. This study suggests that the NCM plays a role in species
      discrimination but that rearing condition does not alter the response in these
      non-vocal-learning species.

PMID- 19996586
TI  - Implementation of practice guidelines for antifungal therapy in a surgical
      intensive care unit and its impact on use and costs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Considering the complexity of diagnosis, high costs of therapy and
      high morbidity and mortality of systemic fungal infections, antifungal therapy of
      intensive care patients should follow clearly defined guidelines. We outline the
      impact of a standardised practice of antifungal treatment in an interdisciplinary
      surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. METHODS: Therapy was
      intended to be optimised by implementation of standardised practice guidelines
      supported by the clinical pharmacist. Costs for antifungal agents during a period
      of 18 months before and after implementation of the practice guidelines were
      compared, respectively. RESULTS: The intervention was associated with a
      significant decrease in use of antifungal agents. Analysis of data revealed a
      reduction in costs by 50%. This could substantially be attributed to the
      implementation of the practice guidelines. CONCLUSION: The implementation of
      standardised practice guidelines for antifungal therapy in intensive care units
      decreased the use of selected antifungal agents and resulted in substantial
      reduction in expenditure on antifungal agents.

PMID- 19996587
TI  - Inhibition of adrenocortical carcinoma by diphtheria toxin mutant CRM197.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In this study, we investigated the effect of CRM197 treatment in
      human adrenocortical carcinoma (AC) implanted in nude mice. CRM197 is a non-toxic
      mutant of diphtheria toxin that binds heparin-binding epidermal growth factor
      like growth factor (HB-EGF) which is implicated in the proliferative activity of
      several tumor cells. METHODS: HB-EGF expression in AC cells was evaluated by
      reverse transcription PCR and Western blot. AC tumors were implanted in nude mice
      and then treated with CRM197. Effects of treatment on angiogenesis and apoptosis
      were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The effects on cell
      invasion and migration were investigated with a matrigel invasion assay. RESULTS:
      We demonstrated that human AC cells express HB-EGF. A treatment with CRM197
      blocked growth, reduced angiogenesis and induced apoptosis in AC tumors implanted
      in nude mice. CRM197 also inhibited invasion and migration of these tumor cells.
      CONCLUSIONS: These data support the evidence for anticancer properties of CRM197
      in AC tumors.

PMID- 19996588
TI  - Enhancement effect of adenovirus-mediated antisense c-myc and caffeine on the
      cytotoxicity of cisplatin in osteosarcoma cell lines.
AB  - AIMS: Studies on cancer biology have shown that overexpression of oncogenes (with
      or without functional loss of tumor suppressor genes), which is responsible for
      the progression of human malignancies via a multistep process, may be reduced by
      antisense technology. Caffeine enhances the effect of cisplatin (CDDP)
      chemotherapy on osteosarcoma cells. We constructed the recombinant adenovirus
      (Myc-AS) encoding the antisense c-myc fragment and investigated the synergic
      effect of caffeine and Myc-AS on the in vitro sensitivity of osteosarcoma MG-63
      cells to cisplatin. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus (Myc-AS) encoding the
      antisense c-myc fragment was constructed by cloning c-myc cDNA of about 750 bp in
      a reverse direction into adenovirus vector, then undergoing recombination,
      amplification and complementation in vivo. Myc-AS and caffeine were used either
      alone or in combination with CDDP to treat osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in vitro.
      Western blot, MTT, flow cytometry (FCM) and electron microscopy were used to
      evaluate the expression of c-myc protein, tumor cell proliferation in vitro and
      apoptosis and to perform cell cycle analysis. RESULTS: Myc-AS encoding antisense
      c-myc fragment was obtained with a titer of 2 x 10(9) pfu/ml. Myc-AS
      downregulated the expression of c-myc protein after transfecting MG-63 cells for
      48 h, induced tumor cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation in
      vitro. Myc-AS or caffeine can enhance the cytotoxic effects of 2.0 and 5.0
      microg/ml CDDP on MG-63 cells. Moreover, the significantly enhancing effect of
      the Myc-AS-caffeine combination on CDDP chemotherapy of MG-63 cells was not
      restricted to apoptosis but also decreased tumor cell proliferation in vitro.
      Expression of the apoptosis-associated bcl-2 gene was downregulated and bax was
      upregulated, with no changes in E2F-1 expression. FCM analysis showed that CDDP
      treatment induced a block in S phase, and caffeine reversed this block and
      accelerated cell progression through the S phase. CONCLUSIONS: Myc-AS can induce
      obvious G2/M phase arrest in transfected cells. Myc-AS combined with caffeine can
      enhance apoptosis induction and chemotherapeutic effects of CDDP on osteosarcoma
      MG-63 cells.

PMID- 19996590
TI  - Post-antibiotic effect of levofloxacin and tobramycin alone or in combination
      with cefepime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Levofloxacin and tobramycin, alone and in combination with cefepime,
      were investigated for their in vitro activities and post-antibiotic effects
      (PAEs) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS: The in vitro activities of tobramycin
      and levofloxacin in combination with cefepime were determined by microbroth
      chequerboard technique against six P. aeruginosa strains that were isolated from
      patients with bacteremia. The results were interpreted by fractional inhibitory
      concentration index. To determine the PAEs, P. aeruginosa strains in the
      logarithmic phase of growth were exposed for 1 h to antibiotics, alone and in
      combination. Recovery periods of test cultures were evaluated using viable
      counting after centrifugation. RESULTS: Three synergistic interactions were
      observed with cefepime-tobramycin and one with cefepime-levofloxacin combinations
      against tested strains.No antagonism was observed. Levofloxacin produced a PAE
      ranging from 1.9 to 4.5 h in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar PAEs were
      induced by tobramycin (ranging from 1.5 to 3.1 h). However, negative PAE values
      were obtained with cefepime. In combination, cefepime slightly reduced the PAE of
      tobramycin and levofloxacin against studied strains. CONCLUSION: The finding of
      this study may have important clinical implications for the timing of doses
      during therapy with cefepime, levofloxacin and tobramycin alone and in
      combination.

PMID- 19996589
TI  - A phase I study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and irinotecan in patients
      with solid tumors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have shown synergism between topoisomerase I and
      II inhibitors. METHODS: We conducted a phase I study evaluating the combination
      of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and irinotecan in patients with previously
      treated solid tumors. RESULTS: Twelve patients were enrolled. The median age was
      62 years (range 19-72). The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia
      (dose-limiting toxicity), diarrhea and nausea/vomiting. The maximal tolerated
      dose and recommended schedule were pegylated liposomal doxorubicin 20 mg/m(2)
      over 60 min on day 1, followed by irinotecan 100 mg/m(2) over 90 min on days 1
      and 8 of a 21-day cycle. There were no objective clinical responses, but 5
      patients achieved stable disease lasting a median of 11 weeks duration (range 2
      35). CONCLUSIONS: This regimen should be further studied in patients with tumors
      known to have a sensitivity to both topoisomerase I and II inhibitors such as
      ovarian and small cell carcinoma.

PMID- 19996591
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of acetyl L-carnitine on experimental cisplatin
      nephrotoxicity.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the protective effects of acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR)
      on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, and to gain insights into the
      possible protective mechanisms of ALCAR against nephrotoxicity. METHODS: Twenty
      eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was administered saline
      only, group 2 was administered ALCAR, group 3 was administered cisplatin, and
      group 4 was administered ALCAR prior to cisplatin. Rats were sacrificed after 72
      h of cisplatin/saline infusion. Serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate
      values were obtained, and kidney samples were examined by light and electron
      microscopy. Apoptotic cell death and caspase-3, 8 and 9 activities were studied
      immunohistochemically. RESULTS: In group 4, ALCAR administration resulted in an
      improvement in kidney function tests. Histopathological findings confirmed the
      biochemical data. Whilst the fusion of the foot processes of podocytes was
      observed in group 3, they were intact in group 4 on electron-microscopic
      examination. Apoptotic cell death and caspase-3, 8 and 9 activities were also
      decreased in group 4 compared to group 3. CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidative,
      antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of ALCAR were supported by the
      findings that this agent improves kidney function tests and has the effects of
      tissue protection and inhibition of apoptosis in cisplatin-induced
      nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 19996592
TI  - Association of oxidative stress with realgar-induced differentiation in human
      leukemia HL-60 cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Realgar (arsenic sulfide, As(4)S(4)) has been shown to have clinical
      efficacy in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed acute promyelocytic
      leukemia. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that realgar is able to induce
      cell differentiation. METHODS: The oxidative stress in the realgar-induced
      differentiation was examined with human leukemia HL-60 cells. Cell
      differentiation was evaluated by the expression of cell surface antigen CD11b and
      nitroblue tetrazolium assay. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase
      were measured spectrophotometrically. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell
      cycle distribution and apoptosis, the cellular level of reactive oxygen species
      (ROS) and glutathione, as well as mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP).
      RESULTS: The realgar-induced differentiation was enhanced by hydrogen peroxide,
      and preceded with drastic changes in ROS and catalase, as well as small changes
      in superoxide dismutase and the reduced form of glutathione. MTP values at 24 h
      were in linear proportion to the CD11b expression at 48 h when no apoptosis was
      observed. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress and stress-related MTP decrease are
      associated with realgar-induced differentiation in HL-60 cells.

PMID- 19996593
TI  - Antitumor efficacy of two novel non-thiazolidinedione compounds as peroxisome
      proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in human osteosarcoma cells in
      vitro.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Due to chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma subgroups, the
      prognosis of these patients is still poor, and the development of new agents is
      of utmost importance. The aim of our study was to test the antitumor effects of
      two novel alpha-aryloxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid derivatives as peroxisome
      proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, together with
      rosiglitazone, a well-known thiazolidinedione (TZD) acting on several
      osteosarcoma cell lines. METHODS/RESULTS: The MTT assay revealed that cell
      viability was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) 6.2-15.8 microM
      for the two novel compounds and rosiglitazone (48.4-83.5 microM). Exposure to DG8
      and DH9 at low micromolar concentrations induced a dose-dependent block of DNA
      synthesis and colony formation. In these antitumor assays, DG8 and DH9 were more
      effective than rosiglitazone, although the PPARgamma agonistic activity of
      rosiglitazone is much higher. The SiRNA approach to downregulate specifically
      PPARgamma in U-2OS cells did not affect the cytotoxic efficiency of either the
      two novel compounds or rosiglitazone. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that
      non-TZDs with less PPARgamma agonistic activity might show more potent antitumor
      efficacy independent of PPARgamma in human osteosarcoma cells, which supports the
      possibility that they could be beneficial in the treatment of osteosarcoma
      patients.

PMID- 19996594
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in lewy body dementias.
AB  - Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) share
      common clinical, neuropsychological and pathological features. In clinical
      diagnosis, distinguishing between these conditions and other dementia subtypes
      such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be difficult. Despite the development of
      consensus diagnostic criteria, sensitivity for diagnosis remains low, especially
      outside specialist centres. Neuroimaging techniques using magnetic resonance (MR)
      can assess changes in structure, microstructure through diffusion tensor imaging
      and metabolism using spectroscopy and cerebral perfusion. Identification of such
      changes may contribute to our understanding of the disease process, assist in
      refining ante-mortem diagnosis and allow disease progression to be measured. This
      may be both clinically useful and a tool for assessing outcome in therapeutic
      trials. DLB and PDD share a similar pattern of MRI changes including global brain
      volume loss, a predominantly subcortical pattern of cerebral atrophy and
      structural preservation of the medial temporal lobe compared to AD. This review
      summarises the application and findings from MR studies in DLB and PDD to provide
      further insight into the similarities between the conditions, highlight the
      potential for the clinical application of MR techniques and outline promising
      areas for further research.

PMID- 19996595
TI  - Increased serum IL-1beta level in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive
      impairment.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Abnormal inflammatory response has been associated to the
      pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a marker of an ongoing
      neurodegenerative process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels
      of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
      and AD. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three older adults (58 with mild to
      moderate AD, 74 with MCI and 31 healthy controls) were recruited for this study.
      Serum IL-1beta levels were measured by ELISA. Patients with MCI were
      subcategorized in single-domain amnestic (aMCI), nonamnestic (naMCI), and
      multiple-domain (mdMCI) subtypes. RESULTS: Patients with AD and MCI (all
      subtypes) had a significant increase in serum IL-1beta levels as compared to
      controls (p = 0.03). Patients with mdMCI had serum IL-1beta levels comparable to
      those with AD, and significantly higher than those observed in aMCI and naMCI (p
      = 0.02). DISCUSSION: The present study provides evidence that inflammatory
      mechanisms, represented by elevated IL-1beta, are observed in patients with MCI,
      specifically in those with impairment in multiple cognitive domains. As these
      patients are at higher risk of conversion to dementia, we propose that an
      increased serum IL-1beta level is a stage marker of the ongoing brain
      neurodegeneration in the continuum between normal ageing and AD.

PMID- 19996597
TI  - Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in rat liver allografts
      developed acute rejection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Acute rejection (AR) after liver transplantation is a cell-mediated
      immune response that takes place within the allograft and results in graft
      dysfunction and failure, but the molecular mechanisms about hepatocyte
      dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here we characterized global protein
      expression changes in liver allograft during AR. METHODS: The effect of an
      alloantigen-dependent immunological response was evaluated by syngeneic and
      allogeneic rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Using a combination of two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified 18
      differentially expressed proteins in AR allograft compared with matched tolerance
      allograft. Serum chemistry and allograft histology were determined. RESULTS:
      Allogeneic OLT recipients exhibited elevated plasma levels of liver injury
      markers, progressive portal and venous inflammation and cellular infiltration in
      liver allograft compared with syngeneic OLT. 18 protein expressions altered by AR
      play important roles in metabolism, oxidative stress defense, signal
      transduction, biotransformation and transport. Decreased expression of protein
      disulfide isomerase in AR allograft was confirmed by Western blotting and
      immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: This study uncovered new mechanistic insights
      into graft dysfunction in AR of liver allograft. Several significantly altered
      protein expressions act coordinately in hepatocyte dysfunction by depressed
      energy, enhanced oxidative stress-induced molecular damage and restrained
      biotransformation. The present findings may open new avenues for the
      understanding and prevention of graft dysfunction and failure during AR.

PMID- 19996596
TI  - Repetitive thinking as a psychological cognitive style in midlife is associated
      with lower risk for dementia three decades later.
AB  - AIMS: To examine the association of a reported tendency toward repetitive
      thinking (RT) in midlife when confronting difficulties in family and work
      settings with dementia many years later. METHODS: A tendency toward RT was
      assessed in approximately 9,000 male participants in the Israeli Ischemic Heart
      Disease study in 1965. The subjects were categorized according to their tendency
      toward RT in familial and work settings as: 1 = always forget; 2 = tend to
      forget; 3 = tend to think repetitively, and 4 = usually think repetitively.
      Dementia was assessed over 3 decades later in 1,889 participants among 2,604
      survivors of the original cohort. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of dementia were
      24, 19, 15 and 14% in the 4 groups of tendency toward RT in stressful work
      situations with superiors (p for trend < 0.0002), respectively. The prevalence
      rates of dementia were 21, 18, 14 and 14% in the 4 groups of tendency toward RT
      in familial situations (p for trend < 0.004), respectively. These associations
      held after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency toward RT when
      confronting distress is associated with a lower risk for dementia. Future studies
      should assess possible mechanisms and potentials for intervention and
      modification.

PMID- 19996598
TI  - Liver transplantation exceeding UCSF criteria: case report of a late recurrence
      treated by surgery and review of the literature.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Treatment of a recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after
      liver transplantation. Surgery has seldom been considered in such a situation
      because HCC recurrences are generally considered as a systemic disease. PATIENT
      AND METHODS: We describe a 47-year-old male patient who underwent liver
      transplantation in October 1999 for HCC exceeding the Milan and University of
      California, San Francisco (UCSF), criteria. RESULTS: In 2007 (8 years after liver
      transplantation), the patient developed a cervical bone metastasis treated by
      surgery. In April 2008, HCC had disseminated to hepatic pedicle lymph nodes. An
      extended hepatic pedicle lymphadenectomy was then performed. Today, our patient
      is doing well, without signs of recurrence. DISCUSSION: The risk of developing a
      tumor recurrence is the main argument against expanding the UCSF criteria. In
      case of an HCC recurrence, various treatments ranging from a change in the
      immunosuppression regimen to chemotherapy have been proposed. Surgical treatment
      has rarely been envisaged in the treatment of HCC recurrences because of the
      technical difficulties and the frequent dissemination of cancer.

PMID- 19996599
TI  - Retrosigmoid keyhole approach to the posterior cranial fossa: an anatomical and
      clinical study.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to describe the microsurgical anatomic features, as
      well as the operative technique for the retrosigmoid keyhole (RSK) approach to
      the posterior cranial fossa. In the anatomical study, 6 cadaveric heads were
      dissected to simulate the RSK approach. In the clinical study, the records for 15
      patients treated using the RSK approach were examined. We found both conventional
      and RSK procedures expose the regions superior to the anterolateral margin of the
      tentorium, inferior to the foramen magnum, and medial to the anterolateral pons
      and medulla. Clinically, total removal was achieved in 13 out of 15 patients. We
      feel it is a safe, succinct, and minimally invasive alternative to the
      traditional retrosigmoid approach in selected patients.

PMID- 19996600
TI  - A new model for blunt liver injuries in the swine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To elaborate the impact of new haemostatic agents we developed an
      instrument for the pressure-controlled induction of blunt liver injuries in a
      porcine animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dilutional coagulopathy of 80% of
      animal blood volume was induced in 9 anaesthetized pigs. Animals were randomly
      assigned to be injured with a force of 112 Newton (N) (n = 1), 224 +/- 19 N (n =
      4) or 355 +/- 35 N (n = 4). The impact of injury was measured by blood loss,
      survival time and coagulation parameters. Liver histology was obtained to
      evaluate the degree of liver injury. RESULTS: The profound haemodilution resulted
      in a significant alteration of all coagulation parameters. After inflicting the
      injury with 355 +/- 35 N, both the survival time (30 +/- 9 min; p = 0.006) and
      blood loss (68 +/- 16 ml min(-1), p = 0.002) were significantly different as
      compared to injuries with 224 +/- 19 N (survival time: 76 +/- 20 min, blood loss:
      23 +/- 4 ml min(-1)). In contrast, an injury with 112 N led to an insignificant
      blood loss of only 239 ml. CONCLUSION: We developed a pressure-controlled clamp
      that allows for the induction of blunt liver traumas with highly reproducible
      injuries with a positive correlation with blood loss and survival.

PMID- 19996601
TI  - Can prenatal screening for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder be justified? A
      commentary.
AB  - Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the leading cause of non-genetic mental
      retardation in the USA, possibly exceeding even Down syndrome, which is currently
      approaching 1 in 500 live births. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy results in
      brain, craniofacial and heart defects, neurotoxicity, and immune dysfunction. The
      preferred action taken to prevent alcohol consumption during pregnancy is
      abstinence. However, the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of FASD remain a
      major public health need in this country and throughout the world. The
      biochemical molecules involved in the developmental abnormalities encompass a
      vast array of signal transduction and synaptic pathways which involve
      neurotransmitters and neurotrophic peptides. Recent advances in medicine-based
      therapies for FASD have been reported, and include the use of small molecule
      agonists, antagonists, and competitive inhibitors. Since biomarkers for FASD have
      previously been identified in clinical research reports, multicenter screening
      feasibility studies now seem warranted and could be initiated following adequate
      funding, protocols, procedures, and institutional review board approvals.

PMID- 19996602
TI  - Morphologic patterns of human endometrial epithelium in women with uterine
      myomata treated with leuprorelin acetate.
AB  - AIM: We studied morphologic modifications of the endometrium induced by
      leuprorelin acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in women with
      uterine myomata. METHODS: Transmission and scanning electron microscopy
      observations were performed after 2 or 6 cycles of therapy (every 28 days).
      RESULTS: A near-normal endometrium was observed after 2 months of therapy, while
      treatment with 6 cycles of leuprorelin acetate induced a uniform morphologic
      regression of the uterine mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that
      leuprorelin acetate induces a unique and time-dependent regression of the
      endometrial mucous membrane.

PMID- 19996603
TI  - Association between bone mineral density and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal
      Korean women.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the relationship between bone mineral density
      (BMD) of the femur neck or lumbar spine and metabolic syndrome or its parameters
      in postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS: This study included 399 postmenopausal
      women, for whom the BMD of their L2s-L4s and femur necks were examined in
      association with metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Subjects with metabolic syndrome
      had a higher BMD of the femur neck than those without metabolic syndrome when
      adjusted for age (0.85 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.82 +/- 0.12 g/cm(2), p = 0.011), while
      there was no statistical difference at lumbar spine. When adjusted for age and
      BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was weakly and negatively
      correlated with BMD of the lumbar and femur neck (r = -0.107, p = 0.033; r = 
      0.111, p = 0.028 respectively). CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome was partly
      associated with higher BMD in our postmenopausal Korean women. Our study also
      showed that HDL-C levels were negatively associated with BMD of the lumbar spine
      and femur neck which means that subjects with lower HDL-C levels could have
      higher BMD. The results of our retrospective study revealed that metabolic
      syndrome could be associated with higher BMD in our postmenopausal Korean women.

PMID- 19996604
TI  - Increased serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in primary dysmenorrhea.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common disorder among young women, and
      uterine ischemia plays an important role in pelvic pain. Asymmetric
      dimethylarginine (ADMA) is accepted as a strong marker of endothelial
      dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of ADMA in primary dysmenorrhea.
      METHODS: Thirty-three patients with primary dysmenorrhea and 29 healthy controls
      were evaluated in a hospital outpatient clinic-based study. Secondary causes of
      dysmenorrhea had been ruled out in each patient. LDL cholesterol, triglycerides
      measured and body mass index were also calculated. Blood samples for
      determination of ADMA concentration were drawn on the 3rd day of menses in each
      woman. Groups were compared for statistically significant difference by Mann
      Whitney U test. RESULTS: Groups did not differ in age or hormone levels. ADMA
      level was higher in women with dysmenorrhea compared to healthy controls (Mann
      Whitney U test, Z = -2.24, p = 0.025). ADMA levels showed positive correlation
      with age and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the first group (Spearman's rho =
      0.360, p = 0.040, and r = 0.379, p = 0.029, respectively). Although erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (CRP) were positively correlated, no
      significant correlations were found between high-sensitivity CRP and ADMA level
      in the first group (Spearman's rho = 0.048, p = 0.749). CONCLUSION: ADMA
      concentrations are elevated in primary dysmenorrhea compared to healthy controls.
      This suggests that endothelial dysfunction plays a role in primary dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 19996605
TI  - Allelic heterogeneity in genetic association meta-analysis: an application to
      DTNBP1 and schizophrenia.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Meta-analysis of genetic association studies is a useful
      approach when individual investigations do not yield studywise significant
      results but the evidence across studies is modest and homogeneous. Current meta
      analysis methods account for heterogeneity by down-weighting studies as a
      function of between-study variance. We contend that current approaches may
      obscure interesting phenomena in genetic association data. However, an
      appropriate approach to examining heterogeneity across studies is lacking.
      METHODS: We develop a novel approach, based on the EM algorithm, to detect
      allelic heterogeneity, identify subpopulations and assign studies to those
      subpopulations. We then apply these methods to the association between DTNBP1 and
      schizophrenia (Scz), one of the most studied relationships in complex disease
      genetics. We examined 32 published and unpublished population and family-based
      association studies containing up to 14 SNPs spanning the DTNBP1 locus. RESULTS:
      We explored heterogeneity in several ways including meta-regression and
      approaches aimed at exploring the mixture of heterogeneous studies at a
      particular SNP. We found significant evidence for a mixture of association
      distributions at multiple loci. CONCLUSION: We propose a novel approach that is
      broadly applicable and may be useful in large scale genetic association meta
      analyses to detect significant allelic heterogeneity.

PMID- 19996606
TI  - Robust age at onset linkage analysis in nuclear families.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Standard methods for linkage analysis ignore the phenotype of the
      parents when they are not genotyped. However, this information can be useful for
      gene mapping. In this paper we propose methods for age at onset genetic linkage
      analysis in sibling pairs, taking into account parental age at onset. METHODS:
      Two new score statistics are derived, one from an additive gamma frailty model
      and one from a log-normal frailty model. The score statistics are classical non
      parametric linkage (NPL) statistics weighted by a function of the age at onset of
      the four family members. The weight depends on information from registries (age
      specific incidences) and family studies (sib-sib and father-mother correlation).
      RESULTS: In order to investigate how age at onset of sibs and their parents
      affect the information for linkage analysis the weight functions were studied for
      rare and common disease models, realistic models for breast cancer and human
      lifespan. We studied the performance of the weighted NPL methods by simulations.
      As illustration, the score statistics were applied to the GAW12 data. The results
      show that it is useful to include parental age at onset information in genetic
      linkage analysis.

PMID- 19996607
TI  - Parsing the effects of individual SNPs in candidate genes with family data.
AB  - We introduce a stepwise approach for family-based designs for selecting a set of
      markers in a gene that are independently associated with the disease. The
      approach is based on testing the effect of a set of markers conditional on
      another set of markers. Several likelihood-based approaches have been proposed
      for special cases, but no model-free based tests have been proposed. We propose
      two types of tests in a family-based framework that are applicable to arbitrary
      family structures and completely robust to population stratification. We propose
      methods for ascertained dichotomous traits and unascertained quantitative traits.
      We first propose a completely model-free extension of the FBAT main genetic
      effect test. Then, for power issues, we introduce two model-based tests, one for
      dichotomous traits and one for continuous traits. Lastly, we utilize these tests
      to analyze a continuous lung function phenotype as a proxy for asthma in the
      Childhood Asthma Management Program. The methods are implemented in the free R
      package fbati.

PMID- 19996608
TI  - Evaluation of approaches to identify associated SNPs that explain the linkage
      evidence in nuclear families with affected siblings.
AB  - Linkage analysis is often followed by association mapping to localize disease
      variants. In this paper, we evaluate approaches to determine how much of the
      observed linkage evidence, namely the identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing at the
      linkage peak, is explained by associated SNPs. We study several methods:
      Homozygote Sharing Tests (HST), Genotype Identity-by-Descent Sharing Test (GIST),
      and a permutation approach. We also propose a new approach, HSTMLB, combining HST
      and the Maximum Likelihood Binomial (MLB) linkage statistic. These methods can
      identify SNPs partially explaining the linkage peak, but only HST and HSTMLB can
      identify SNPs that do not fully explain the linkage evidence and be applied to
      multiple-SNPs. We contrast these methods with the association tests implemented
      in the software LAMP. In our simulations, GIST is more powerful at finding SNPs
      that partially explain the linkage peak, while HST and HSTMLB are equally
      powerful at identifying SNPs that do not fully explain the linkage peak. When
      applied to the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium data, HST and
      HSTMLB identify marker pairs that may fully explain the linkage peak on
      chromosome 6. In conclusion, HST and HSTMLB provide simple and flexible tools to
      identify SNPs that explain the IBD sharing at the linkage peak.

PMID- 19996609
TI  - Test selection with application to detecting disease association with multiple
      SNPs.
AB  - We consider the motivating problem of testing for association between a phenotype
      and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a candidate gene or
      region. Various statistical approaches have been proposed, including those based
      on either (combining univariate) single-locus analyses or (multivariate)
      multilocus analyses. However, it is known in theory that there is no single
      uniformly most powerful test to detect association with multiple SNPs. On the
      other hand, several tests have been shown to be among frequent winners across a
      range of practical situations, but the identity of the most powerful one changes
      with the situation in an unknown way. Here we propose a novel test selection
      procedure to select from five such tests: a so-called UminP test that combines
      multiple univariate/single-locus score tests by taking the minimum of their p
      values as its test statistic, a multivariate score test and its two
      modifications, and a so-called sum test. We also illustrate its application to
      selecting genotype codings for the sum test since the performance of the sum test
      depends on its genotype coding in an unknown way. Our major contributions include
      the methodology of estimating the power of a given test with a given dataset and
      the idea of using the estimated power as the criterion for test selection. We
      also propose a fast simulation-based method to calculate p values for the test
      selection procedure and for any method of combining p values. Our numerical
      results indicated that the proposed test selection procedure always yielded power
      close to the most powerful test among the candidate tests at any given situation,
      and in particular, our proposed test selection performed either better than or as
      well as the popular combining method of taking the minimum p value of the
      candidate tests.

PMID- 19996610
TI  - Statistical tests of genetic association in the presence of gene-gene and gene
      environment interactions.
AB  - BACKGROUND: While its importance is well recognized, it remains challenging to
      test genetic association in the presence of gene-gene (or gene-environment)
      interactions. A major technical difficulty lies in the fact that a general model
      of gene-gene interactions calls for the use of often a large number of
      parameters, leading to possibly reduced statistical power. An emerging theme of
      some recent work is to reduce the number of such parameters through dimension
      reduction. Wang et al. [2009] proposed such an approach based on the partial
      least squares (PLS) for dimension reduction. They compared their method with
      several others using simulated data, establishing that their PLS test performed
      best. Unfortunately, Wang et al. did not include in their evaluations several
      powerful tests just recently discovered for analyzing multiple SNPs in a
      candidate gene or region. METHODS: In this paper, we first extend these tests to
      the current context to detect gene-gene interactions in the presence of nuisance
      parameters, then compare these tests with the PLS test using the simulated data
      of Wang et al. [2009]. RESULTS: It is confirmed that some other tests can be more
      powerful than the PLS test, though there is no uniform winner. Some interesting,
      albeit not new, observations are also made: some of the new tests are more robust
      to the large number of parameters in a model and may thus perform well; on the
      other hand, even for a purely epistatic genetic model, some of the tests applied
      to a logistic main-effects model without any interaction terms may be superior to
      that based on a full model that explicitly accounts for gene-gene interactions.
      CONCLUSION: The proposed statistical tests are potentially useful in practice.

PMID- 19996611
TI  - Non-diabetic chronic kidney disease influences retinal microvasculature.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by increased
      cerebrovascular risk. Retinal vessel analysis (RVA) is an accepted measure of the
      retinal microvasculature, mirrors hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity.
      Epidemiological studies demonstrate narrower retinal arterioles with declining
      renal function. The effect of CKD on the retinal microcirculation remains
      uncertain. METHODS: RVA was performed in 34 non-diabetic CKD patients and 33 age
      matched volunteers with normal renal function. Retinal photographs were
      digitized, vascular lumen diameters measured and the ratio of retinal arteriolar
      and venular lumen diameters (AVR) calculated. Office blood pressure (BP) was
      measured and cardiovascular risk factors assessed. RESULTS: AVR was lower in CKD
      patients as compared to age-matched volunteers (0.77 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.06;
      p < 0.05). In particular, retinal arterioles were narrower in CKD patients as
      compared to volunteers (169.6 +/- 20.4 vs. 189.5 +/- 14.2 microm; p < 0.01). In
      CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate, BP and renin-angiotensin system
      blocker independently predicted AVR. Moreover, retinal arteriolar diameter
      independently predicted renal function (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CKD
      narrowed retinal arterioles suggesting an extended effect of CKD on the cerebral
      microvasculature. This study shows that in CKD patients, renal function, BP
      status and renin-angiotensin system blockade independently predict AVR as a
      marker for microvascular damage and that retinal microvasculature can predict
      renal function.

PMID- 19996612
TI  - Optimizing vascular risk reduction in the stroke patient with atherothrombotic
      disease.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: With mounting evidence underscoring the multifactorial pathogenesis
      of atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease, it is becoming increasingly obvious
      that an early and aggressive multimodal treatment of the underlying
      atherosclerotic disease process is the most effective approach towards preventing
      recurrent vascular events in the majority of ischemic stroke patients. Knowledge
      of the evidence behind this strategy and the effective means for implementing it
      could be useful to the healthcare practitioner caring for stroke and transient
      ischemic attack (TIA) patients. REVIEW SUMMARY: This review presents the evidence
      behind the broadening therapeutic options for recurrent vascular event prevention
      in ischemic stroke patients whose underlying stroke pathophysiologic mechanism is
      presumed to be due to atherosclerosis. The paper identifies modifiable vascular
      risk factors associated with recurrent stroke, as well as the clinical trial data
      on which the latest clinical practice guidelines on recurrent stroke prevention
      have been based. Therapies discussed include antithrombotics, statins,
      antihypertensives, revascularization procedures and lifestyle modification
      (smoking cessation, exercise and diet education). Finally, successful hospital
      based quality improvement programs for initiating and maintaining these evidence
      based recurrent stroke prevention treatments are also described. CONCLUSIONS: A
      timely, systematic, evidence-based multimodal preventive approach to
      atherothrombotic disease in ischemic stroke and TIA patients that transcends the
      continuum of care will enhance treatment rates and improve clinical outcomes.

PMID- 19996613
TI  - Value of kidney-ureter-bladder radiography in the erect position in addition to
      standard intravenous urography examination.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine if additional kidney-ureter-bladder radiography in the
      erect position can improve the diagnostic yield of standard intravenous urography
      (IVU) examination. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted
      from March to July 2007 on 108 consecutive patients (65 males and 43 females, age
      ranging from 20 to 50 years) who were referred to the Department of Radiology, Al
      Amiri Hospital, Kuwait, for IVU examinations. After 15 min, a film was done in
      the erect position in addition to the routine IVU protocol. RESULTS: Additional
      information was demonstrated in the erect radiograph as follows: detecting
      nephroptosis in 18 (17%) patients, improved visualization of the ureters in 58
      (54%) patients, and differentiation between phleboliths and ureteric stone was
      possible in 12 (11%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated significant
      additional findings in the erect position (at 15 min) compared to the supine
      position.

PMID- 19996614
TI  - Relationship between plasma cortisol levels and stress ulcer following acute and
      severe head injury.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between plasma
      cortisol levels and stress ulcer following acute severe head injury. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: The plasma cortisol levels were prospectively measured by
      radioimmunoassay in 68 patients following acute head injury. The diagnosis of
      stress ulcer was based on clinical evidence and was confirmed by endoscopic
      examination. RESULTS: Patients with stress ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding (n
      = 30, 44.1%) were older than those without stress ulcer(38.2 +/- 7.9 vs. 28.3 +/-
      9.7 years, p < 0.01). The combined rate of poor recovery and death in the stress
      ulcer patients (70.0%) was significantly higher than in the nonulcer patients
      (42.1%, p = 0.02). On each of the first 3 days following the head injury, the
      average plasma cortisol levels in the stress ulcer patients were higher than in
      the nonulcer patients (p < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed a positive
      relationship between plasma cortisol on admission and stress ulcer (r = 0.329, p
      = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma cortisol levels on
      admission (OR = 2.326, 95% CI = 1.982-2.466) and age (OR = 1.064, 95% CI = 0.861
      1.219) were independent predictors of stress ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: The data showed
      that acute severe head injury was associated with a significant increase in
      plasma cortisol. Plasma levels of cortisol and age were independent predictors of
      stress ulcer following acute head injury.

PMID- 19996615
TI  - Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among older rural adults:
      results from Liaoning Province, China.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of
      hypertension and associated factors among older rural adults in Liaoning
      Province, China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2004-2006,
      using a multistage, stratified clustering sampling scheme to select a
      representative sample. A total of 10,065 adults aged 60 years or older were
      examined. A survey of blood pressure and associated factors was carried out. All
      data analyses were conducted using SPSS 11.5 statistical software package.
      RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence rates of hypertension are 57, 64.4 and 64.9% for
      the age groups 60-69, 70-79 and >or=80 years, respectively. The prevalence of
      hypertension was positively correlated with age, female gender, Mongolian
      ethnicity, overweight and obesity, smoking and drinking, whereas income level was
      a protective factor for hypertension. The rates of awareness, treatment and
      control among older rural adults were very low (overall 35.2, 28.7 and 1.0%,
      respectively). CONCLUSION: Hypertension was highly prevalent among older rural
      adults in Liaoning Province, and it was associated with many factors. The
      percentages of hypertensives who were aware, treated, and controlled were very
      low. These data underscore the urgent need to strengthen the public health
      education and blood pressure monitoring system to better manage hypertension
      among older adults in rural China.

PMID- 19996616
TI  - Lingual nerve morbidity and mandibular third molar surgery: a prospective study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of
      postoperative lingual nerve (LN) impairment after the surgical removal of
      mandibular third molars (M3) and to identify potential risk indicators. SUBJECTS
      AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study involving 321 subjects who had 443
      mandibular M3 surgically extracted at the University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
      Predictor variables were categorized as patient-, anatomy- and operation
      specific. The outcome variable was the presence or absence of LN impairment.
      Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent
      predictors. RESULTS: The prevalence of temporary LN hypoesthesia was 2.5% and all
      11 cases resolved within 6 months. Factors that predicted LN injury by univariate
      analysis were horizontal and mesioangular tooth angulation, bone removal, tooth
      sectioning, longer operations, lingual flap retraction and bleeding into the
      socket. In the multivariate logistic regression model, lingual flap retraction (p
      = 0.002, OR = 26.790) and bleeding into the socket (p = 0.044, OR = 4.918) were
      the independent predictors. CONCLUSION: Operative variables were the main
      predictors of temporary LN damage.

PMID- 19996617
TI  - Disease activity and cytokine production in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To test whether there are differences in the levels and ratios of 6
      pro- and 3 anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by mitogen-stimulated peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) subjects compared to
      controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 79 participants (42 seropositive RA patients and
      37 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. The production levels in
      mitogen-stimulated PBMCs of the 6 proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF
      alpha, TNF-beta, IL-8, IL-17, IL-18) and 3 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL
      10, IL-13) were assayed by ELISA using kits obtained from Immunotech SA. The
      ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines were calculated for all
      participants. RESULTS: There were significantly elevated levels of IL-8 and IL
      10, and reduced levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-17 in mitogen-stimulated PBMC
      culture supernatants of RA subjects compared to controls. Of the 18 pro-/anti
      inflammatory cytokine ratios, 3 ratios (TNF-alpha/IL13, IL-8/IL-4 and IL-8/IL-13)
      were significantly higher in RA patients compared to controls; and 6 were higher
      in controls (IFN-gamma/IL-4; IFN-gamma/IL-10; IFN-gamma/IL-13; TNF-beta/IL10; IL
      17/IL-10; IL-18/IL-10). CONCLUSIONS: Activated PBMCs of RA patients, regardless
      of disease activity, showed higher-level production of IL-8 and IL-10 compared to
      controls; lower-level production of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-17; and elevated
      ratios of TNF-alpha/IL-13, IL-8/IL-4 and IL-8/IL-13.

PMID- 19996618
TI  - Endoscopic nodular gastritis in dyspeptic adults: prevalence and association with
      Helicobacter pylori infection.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and histological features of endoscopic
      nodular gastritis (NG) in adult dyspeptic patients and its relation to
      Helicobacter pylori infection. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective endoscopic
      report review of 2,142 patients identified 67 patients with NG during the period
      from 1 September 2006 to 31 August 2007. A subset of 32 NG patients (group 1) who
      had had gastric biopsies during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and had been
      evaluated for H. pylori infection were compared to 32 age- and gender-matched
      dyspeptic patients. They had undergone endoscopy during the same period, which
      yielded normal results, and had available biopsies that were similarly evaluated
      for H. pylori infection (controls, group 2). Pertinent clinical data were
      obtained from the patients' records. An experienced pathologist assessed the
      biopsies for the presence and grade of inflammation, activity, glandular atrophy,
      intestinal metaplasia, presence and density of H. pylori and presence of lymphoid
      follicles or aggregates. RESULTS: NG was identified in 67 (3.1%) patients. On
      histological examination, group 1 had a significantly higher grade of gastritis
      (p < 0.001). The presence and density of H. pylori infection was significantly
      higher in group 1 (p < 0.001). The H. pylori density correlated significantly
      with the severity of gastritis (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). The endoscopic performance
      of NG on H. pylori infection had high specificity (96.8%) and positive predictive
      value (93.3%). CONCLUSION: This study outlined the clinicopathological features
      of NG identified among a cohort of dyspeptic patients in Kuwait and confirmed the
      close association with H. pylori infection. However, our study has a limitation
      in that histopathologic assessment of all NG patients was not feasible.

PMID- 19996619
TI  - Evaluation of somatic development in adult patients with previously undiagnosed
      and/or untreated phenylketonuria.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate physical growth, development and nutritional status in
      adults with previously undiagnosed/ untreated phenylketonuria (PKU). METHODS:
      Four hundred adults (201 females and 199 males) with severe intellectual
      disability who were born prior to compulsory neonatal screening (before 1976) and
      who resided in social welfare homes in southeastern Poland were screened for PKU.
      The screening was performed by blood test using a tandem mass spectrometry method
      (MS/MS) and was confirmed by analysis of organic acids in urine. Eleven were
      identified as previously undiagnosed and/or untreated PKU cases. They underwent
      an assessment of their somatic development/status. RESULTS: Among the 11 PKU
      patients (4 females and 7 males) the following characteristics were observed:
      poor physical growth after somatic development (n = 8, 2 females aged 23 and 56
      years and 6 males aged 28-59 years); decreased head circumference - microcephaly
      (n = 5, 1 female aged 56 years and 4 males aged 28-59 years); poor body height (n
      = 2, 1 female aged 23 years and 1 male aged 59 years); poor thoracic
      circumference (n = 9, 3 females aged 23-56 years and 6 males aged 28-59 years).
      Overall, body weight imbalance was noted in 9 (81.8%) patients and irregularity
      of body proportions in 6 (54.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: Our data showedthe
      importance of nutritional surveillance and impact of metabolic imbalance on
      physical growth and body stature in untreated PKU patients. We therefore
      recommend an adequate and individually planned introduction of dietary
      intervention among that group of patients in order to ameliorate its nutritional
      status, general fitness and health.

PMID- 19996620
TI  - Influence of sedation on patients' perceptions and recovery in patients
      undergoing minor perianal procedures under spinal saddle block.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Additional intra-operative sedation may help improve acceptability
      and comfort of anaesthesia in patients undergoing minor anorectal (perianal)
      procedures under spinal saddle block. This observational study was done to
      determine which patients request sedatives and to what extent sedatives affect
      the patients' recovery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During a 6-month period, 500
      patients undergoing minor perianal procedures received 1.0 ml hyperbaric
      bupivacaine (0.5%). On request, a light sedation with propofol in bolus
      application was provided. Patients were evaluated postoperatively using a
      standardized questionnaire about their perceptions before, during and 48 h after
      the administration of anaesthesia. RESULTS: More female (91/143, 63.6%) than male
      (136/259, 52.5%) patients (p = 0.0312) received sedation. Patients with sedation
      were significantly younger (46.7 +/- 13.8 vs. 50 +/- 13.8 years, p = 0.0171) and
      had a lower body mass index (BMI; 25.6 +/- 4.3 vs. 27.5 +/- 5.1, p < 0.0001).
      Time to mobilization and first micturition was significantly longer in patients
      with sedation (4.8 vs. 4.4 h, p = 0.0194 and 5.8 vs. 5.4 h, p = 0.0188), which
      was associated with a higher incidence of nausea (7.5 vs. 1.7%, p = 0.0083).
      CONCLUSIONS: Female gender, younger age, lower body weight and lower BMI were
      associated with higher subjective requirements for sedation. The use of sedation
      showed prolongation of time to first mobilization and micturition and a higher
      incidence of nausea.

PMID- 19996621
TI  - Effects of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative nausea and vomiting after
      open cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled
      study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of gabapentin on the incidence and severity of
      postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after open cholecystectomy. SUBJECTS AND
      METHODS: A total of 90 patients scheduled for elective open cholecystectomy were
      randomly assigned to either a gabapentin group (600 mg, 2 h before surgery) or a
      placebo group. For the analysis, 1 patient was excluded from the gabapentin group
      and 2 patients from the placebo group. A standard technique was used for
      anesthesia. Pethidine and metoclopramide were used for postoperative management
      of pain and nausea/vomiting, respectively. The prevalence of PONV, its severity
      (measured on visual analogue scale, VAS), and total pethidine and metoclopramide
      use in the first 24 h after the operation were recorded. RESULTS: There were no
      demographic differences between the two groups. Of the 44 patients given
      gabapentin, 16 (36.6%) and 28 of 43 (65.2%) placebo patients developed PONV; the
      difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). However, there was no
      difference in the severity of PONV between the gabapentin and placebo groups (p =
      0.12). Gabapentin patients used less pethidine (28.33 +/- 129 mg) and
      metoclopramide (6.0 +/-6.3 mg) than the placebo group (35.1 +/- 15.1 and 9.33 +/-
      7.1 mg, respectively). The differences were statistically significant (pethidine:
      p = 0.002, metoclopramide: p = 0.033). However, gabapentin did not reduce
      postoperative pain significantly (p = 0.096). CONCLUSION: Our data show that
      gabapentin not only reduced PONV after open cholecystectomy, but also reduced the
      need for additional postoperative analgesics.

PMID- 19996622
TI  - Knowledge and perception of breast cancer among women of various ethnic groups in
      the state of Penang: a cross-sectional survey.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge
      and perception of breast cancer among women of various ethnic groups in the state
      of Penang. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from
      February 5 to March 15, 2008. 384 participants were conveniently selected and
      interviewed face to face by a trained researcher (M.A.H.) using a validated
      questionnaire. Participants were required to answer 22 questions concerning
      knowledge of breast cancer and 5 questions on the perception of breast cancer
      management and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: The mean total score of knowledge was
      59.1%, with Indian women having significantly less knowledge than the Chinese and
      Malay women (p < 0.001). Only 117 (32.3%) and 120 (33.0%) women were aware of the
      recommended breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE)
      guidelines, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that ethnicity,
      age, level of education and employment status were major determinants of breast
      cancer knowledge. CONCLUSION: The current study has demonstrated that women in
      the state of Penang have serious knowledge deficits about breast cancer and poor
      awareness of BSE and CBE guidelines. This study has highlighted the need of an
      intensive breast cancer awareness campaign which should also stress the
      importance of early detection and reporting of breast cancer.

PMID- 19996623
TI  - Effect of raloxifene on serum lipids for type 2 diabetic menopausal women with or
      without statin treatment.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effect of 1-year treatment with
      raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on plasma lipid profiles in
      Japanese postmenopausal type 2 diabetic patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total
      of 43 Japanese women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes with
      serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <3.59 mmol/l, serum
      triglyceride <1.68 mmol/l and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
      >1.03 mmol/l, who took 60 mg/day of raloxifene for 12 months, were enrolled. For
      analysis, they were divided into 2 groups: nonhyperlipidemia (n = 23) and
      hyperlipidemia treated with statin (n = 20). RESULTS: Raloxifene treatment
      significantly induced a mean reduction in serum LDL-C from 2.90 to 2.36 and 2.67
      mmol/l in the nonhyperlipidemia and statin-treated group, respectively. However,
      the reduction ratio of serum LDL-C showed a significant difference in the
      nonhyperlipidemia group (17%) compared to the statin-treated group (7%; p =
      0.03). Although serum HDL-C showed an increase in both groups (from 1.45 to 1.58
      vs. from 1.40 to 1.47 mmol/l), the increase ratio of serum HDL-C was not
      significant between the two groups. Raloxifene administration showed 15%
      reduction in the nonhyperlipidemia group (p = 0.02) and 13% reduction in the
      statin-treated group (p = 0.02) of urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen. No
      significant change in blood HbA(1c) was observed in either group. CONCLUSION: The
      administration of raloxifene to type 2 diabetic women showed favorable efficacy
      on serum lipid profiles, particularly in patients without statin treatment.

PMID- 19996624
TI  - Anticoagulation for cerebral venous thrombosis with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a
      case report.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To report the success of anticoagulation (AC) treatment in a case of
      cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in view of
      the limited evidence seen in the literature supporting such a treatment option.
      CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 38-year-old lady with CVT and SAH
      presented 12 h after the onset of symptoms. AC with low-molecular-weight heparin
      was started 4 days later, when the repeated brain CT showed regression of the
      SAH. Heparin was changed to warfarin, and she was asymptomatic over a 12-month
      follow-up period. DISCUSSION: In a limited number of small studies, AC has been
      found to be beneficial for cases of CVT with hemorrhagic complications. The
      proper time to start AC in such cases was not clearly defined, and a delay of 4
      33 days was observed after the onset of symptoms. In cases of spontaneous
      intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in general, active bleeding is usually confined to
      the first 6 h, and chances of hematoma enlargement are higher in the first 24 h.
      On the other hand, it has been advised to rule out a coincidental vascular
      malformation and to radiologically confirm regression (or at least non
      progression) of the ICH before starting AC. CONCLUSION: AC for cases of CVT may
      remain beneficial in the presence of SAH. The time to start AC for CVT with
      hemorrhagic complications is unclear; however, AC was successful when given 4
      days after the onset of symptoms in our case. It may be wise to repeat CT after
      at least 24 h from the onset of symptoms (to confirm regression or at least non
      progression of the ICH) before starting AC. It may also be prudent to perform
      magnetic resonance angiography, or digital subtraction angiography to rule out a
      coincidental intracranial aneurysm before AC.

PMID- 19996625
TI  - Signet ring cell adenoma of the thyroid: a very rare entity.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To report a case of signet ring cell adenoma of the thyroid which is
      an extremely rare thyroid lesion. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 25
      year-old female patient presented with a goiter and dysphagia that had been
      present for the last 1 year before admission. Physical examination revealed a
      palpable solitary nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid. The ultrasonogram
      demonstrated multiple nodules among which the most remarkable one was 15 x 24 mm
      in size, in the right lobe of the thyroid. After surgical excision, the lesion
      was found to be consistent withsignet ring cell adenomacharacterized by the
      presence of round to oval signet ring cells with large cytoplasmic vacuoles and
      hyperchromatic eccentric nuclei. Intracytoplasmic thyroglobulin, periodic acid
      Schiff (PAS) with and without diastase and combined Alcian-blue-PAS were all
      positive. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologists should keep this rare primary tumor of the
      thyroid in mind when examining thyroid lesions and should not confound it with
      metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the thyroid.

PMID- 19996626
TI  - Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis: long-term follow-up of a case cured
      with glucocorticoid.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report a case of infundibuloneurohypophysitis treated with steroid.
      CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old woman who was well until 4 weeks before
      admission and was not taking any medication presented with acute development of
      polydipsia and polyuria. Urinary volume was increased to 4,500 ml/day. She showed
      elevated serum osmolality and low urine osmolality, together with shortage of
      antidiuretic hormone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary revealed
      marked nodular thickening of the neurohypophysis. Endocrinologically, anterior
      pituitary function appeared normal. Based on these examinations, she was
      diagnosed as having central diabetes insipidus due to lymphocytic
      infundibuloneurohypophysitis. INTERVENTION: Prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and
      D-deaminovasopressin (5 microg/day, intranasal) were commenced. Ten days after
      the administration of the agents, MRI showed a dramatic improvement in the
      thickening of the neurohypophysis. Ten weeks later, abnormalities found in
      earlier MRI had disappeared. The drugs were withdrawn gradually, and diabetes
      insipidus ceased 25 weeks later. Recurrence was not seen in the subsequent MRI,
      and the function of the posterior pituitary gland was completely normalized even
      7 years after discontinuation of treatments. CONCLUSION: This case shows that
      noninvasive diagnosis and appropriate steroid administration can effectively cure
      lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis; it is recommended with long-term follow
      up.

PMID- 19996627
TI  - Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a mini review.
AB  - Prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas may arise either in large primary periurethral
      prostatic ducts or in the peripheral prostatic ducts. Ductal adenocarcinomas are
      composed of tall columnar cells arranged in cribriform, papillary, solid, single
      glands, and PIN-like patterns. Other than the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
      (PIN)-like ductal pattern, which behaves like Gleason pattern 3, ductal
      adenocarcinoma is comparable to Gleason pattern 4 prostate cancer. Ductal
      adenocarcinoma can have a patchy basal cell layer and typically expresses
      prostate-specific antigen (PSA) immunohistochemically. Mimickers of ductal
      adenocarcinoma include prostatic urethral polyps, hyperplastic benign prostate
      glands, high-grade PIN, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and papillary urothelial
      carcinoma.

PMID- 19996628
TI  - Protein energy malnutrition in goitrous schoolchildren of Ahwaz, Iran.

PMID- 19996629
TI  - Impact of fetal echocardiography on trends in disease patterns and outcomes of
      congenital heart disease in a neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common developmental
      malformation and the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The
      introduction of fetal echocardiography has made prenatal diagnosis of CHD
      possible. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the impact of fetal
      echocardiography on the changing disease patterns and outcomes of CHD. METHODS: A
      retrospective analysis of data from infants with CHD admitted to the neonatal
      intensive care unit (NICU) of the Asan Medical Center during the time periods was
      performed. Period I (1994-1996) was considered representative of a period before
      the introduction of fetal echocardiography, while period II (2004-2006)
      represented a period of more extensive application of fetal echocardiography.
      RESULTS: A total of 164 patients were admitted to the NICU during period I and
      320 during period II. The number of infants prenatally diagnosed with CHD was 5
      of 164 (3.0%) in period I and 219 of 320 (68.4%) in period II (p < 0.05). The
      overall accuracy of fetal diagnosis was approximately 92%. Of the 3 CHD
      categories, there was a greater proportion of infants with 'significant' heart
      disease in period II than I (47 vs. 32%; p < 0.05). In contrast, there was a
      smaller proportion of infants with 'simple' heart defects in period II than I (22
      vs. 40%; p < 0.05). The proportion of infants with 'complex' heart disease was
      similar in both periods (28% in period I and 31% in period II). The 1-year
      survival rate of patients with CHD has improved remarkably with time (70.1% in
      period I to 88.8% in period II). Multivariate analysis showed prenatal diagnosis
      and planned delivery in a tertiary NICU are factors affecting CHD outcomes,
      especially when defects are 'complex' (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Fetal
      echocardiography has resulted in an increased frequency of prenatal CHD
      diagnosis, has altered the disease patterns observed in the NICU, and has
      resulted in better 1-year outcomes.

PMID- 19996630
TI  - Oral factor Xa inhibitors for venous thromboembolism prevention in major
      orthopedic surgery: a review.
AB  - Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary
      embolism, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing
      major orthopedic surgery, and routine thromboprophylaxis has been the standard of
      care over the last 20 years. Currently available options for the prevention of
      VTE in major orthopedic surgery include low-molecular-weight heparins, vitamin K
      antagonists and, more recently, the synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux.
      Although effective, these drugs have several limitations, and new oral
      antithrombotics offering predictable, effective and safe anticoagulation are
      strongly needed. This overview focuses on the most advanced oral direct
      inhibitors of factor Xa, rivaroxaban, apixaban, LY517717, YM150 and betrixaban.
      Specifically, the results of phase II and III studies and the designs of ongoing
      clinical trials in patients undergoing elective hip and knee replacement are
      reviewed.

PMID- 19996631
TI  - Nattokinase-promoted tissue plasminogen activator release from human cells.
AB  - When heated to a temperature of 70 degrees C or higher, the strong fibrinolytic
      activity of nattokinase in a solution was deactivated. Similar results were
      observed in the case of using Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA and H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA,
      which are synthetic substrates of nattokinase. In the current study, tests were
      conducted on the indirect fibrinolytic effects of the substances containing
      nattokinase that had been deactivated through heating at 121 degrees C for 15
      min. Bacillus subtilis natto culture solutions made from three types of bacteria
      strain were heat-treated and deactivated, and it was found that these culture
      solutions had the ability to generate tissue plasminogen activators (tPA) from
      vascular endothelial cells and HeLa cells at certain concentration levels. For
      example, it was found that the addition of heat-treated culture solution of the
      Naruse strain (undiluted solution) raises the tPA activity of HeLa cells to about
      20 times that of the control. Under the same conditions, tPA activity was raised
      to a level about 5 times higher for human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), and
      to a level about 24 times higher for nattokinase sold on the market. No change in
      cell count was observed for HeLa cells and HUVEC in the culture solution at these
      concentrations, and the level of activity was found to vary with concentration.

PMID- 19996632
TI  - Regulation of ADAMTS13 expression in proliferating human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells.
AB  - ADAMTS13, the von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease, is constitutively produced
      by endothelial cells. The aim was to quantify ADAMTS13 production in
      proliferating and nonproliferating human umbilical vein endothelial cells
      (HUVECs) and to determine if such production was regulated. HUVECs were plated at
      50,000 cells/cm(2) or 10,000 cells/cm(2), densities yielding confluence or
      subconfluence, respectively. Subconfluent HUVEC supernatants and cell lysates
      contained at least 2-fold more ADAMTS13 antigen than those of confluent HUVECs (p
      < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry supported this increase and indicated no dramatic
      shifts in subcellular localization of HUVEC ADAMTS13 by HUVEC proliferation. The
      activity of the ADAMTS13 produced by subconfluent HUVECs was increased about 2
      fold also. HUVECs rapidly increased ADAMTS13 mRNA in response to subconfluent
      conditions. This change in regulation, in turn, leads to increased ADAMTS13
      protein production and activity by these proliferating cells.

PMID- 19996633
TI  - A rice variety (HYJA-Ri4) enhances arterial thrombus formation in an animal model
      of thrombosis.
AB  - Epidemiological evidence exists for a causative role of inappropriate diets in
      the development and clinical outcome of thrombotic diseases. Our previous studies
      have shown that some fruits and vegetables have antithrombotic activity. As rice
      is a principal ingredient of everyday food in Japan, the aim of the present study
      was to determine rice varieties with antithrombotic effect. Western-style high
      fat diet containing flour prepared from whole-grain rice of different varieties
      was fed to atherosclerosis-prone (apolipoprotein E- and low density lipoprotein
      receptor-deficient) mice for 3 months. A laser-induced carotid-artery thrombosis
      model was used. None of the five tested rice varieties showed an antithrombotic
      effect. The effect of HYJA-Ri1, HYJA-Ri2, HYJA-Ri3 and HYJA-Ri5 rice on
      experimental thrombus formation did not differ significantly from the controls.
      However, HYJA-Ri4 rice significantly enhanced the thrombotic reaction (p =
      0.0078), thus having a prothrombotic effect. Our findings suggest that HYJA-Ri4
      rice should not be included in an antithrombotic diet.

PMID- 19996634
TI  - Effects of alteplase, a thrombolytic agent, in a rat photothrombotic middle
      cerebral artery occlusion model.
AB  - In this study, we examined the effects of alteplase, a recombinant tissue-type
      plasminogen activator (t-PA), in a simple and reproducible rat middle cerebral
      artery (MCA) occlusion model induced by photoillumination with 12 mg/kg of rose
      bengal. A clinically equivalent dose of alteplase (3 mg/kg), which was
      administered just after thrombotic occlusion of the MCA, significantly reopened
      the thrombotic MCA occlusion in 16 of 23 animals (69.6%) when compared with
      vehicle-treated animals (8 of 22 animals, 36.4%). In addition, alteplase
      significantly reduced cerebral damage and improved neurological deficits.
      Although it has been reported that t-PA possesses neurotoxicity, the present
      findings suggest that alteplase was effective in a rat acute stroke model due to
      reopening of thrombotic MCA occlusion. This new model is very useful for
      investigating the efficacy of thrombolytic agents in stroke research, providing a
      condition similar to the clinical setting.

PMID- 19996635
TI  - The role of platelet and fibrin ultrastructure in identifying disease patterns.
AB  - Platelets and fibrin play an important role in the coagulation process where they
      are involved in the maintenance of haemostasis. Many diseases like cancer,
      thrombotic disease, bleeding disorders, asthma and even conditions like HIV/AIDS
      are associated with ultrastructural changes in platelets and fibrin, and because
      of this altered morphology in many diseases, the question now arises whether
      ultrastructural and morphological analyses of platelets and fibrin networks have
      a place in contemporary medical research. The present work aims to demonstrate
      the usefulness of ultrastructural analyses in the broadening of knowledge of
      disease patterns and suggests that information gained by studying ultrastructure
      may enhance treatment regimes. We propose an altered haemostasis with changed
      coagulation factors resulting in a thrombotic event is present in the human body
      long before the actual event. Thus, by studying the coagulum and platelet
      profile, preventative actions can be taken. It is therefore concluded that
      morphology and ultrastructure do indeed have a place in medical research based on
      the fact that the knowledge obtained through these studies helps in the
      broadening of knowledge of disease patterns.

PMID- 19996636
TI  - Prothrombin complex concentrates for urgent anticoagulation reversal in patients
      with intracranial haemorrhage.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is a serious and potentially fatal
      complication of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). Prothrombin complex
      concentrates (PCCs) produce a rapid and effective reversal of OAT effects, but
      little evidence exists on their efficacy and safety in the management of ICH in
      patients on OAT. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCCs for the rapid
      reversal of OAT in patients with ICH. METHODS: Patients suffering from acute ICH
      while receiving OAT were eligible for this prospective cohort study if their
      international normalized ratio (INR) was > or = 2.0. Stratified 35-50 IU kg(-1)
      PCC doses were infused based on initial INR. RESULTS: A total of 92 patients (50
      males; mean age 74 years, range 34-92 years) were included. The median INR at
      presentation was 3.3 (range 2-9). At 30 min after PCC administration the median
      INR was 1.4 (range 0.9-3.1), declining to < or = 1.5 in 75% of patients. The
      benefit of PCC was maintained for a long time, since in 98% of all post-infusion
      time points through 96 h the median INR remained < or = 1.5 (median 1.19; range
      0.9-2.3). During hospitalization neither thrombotic complications nor significant
      adverse events were observed and 11 patients died (11.9%). None of the deaths was
      judged to be related to PCC administration. CONCLUSIONS: PCC administration is an
      effective, rapid and safe treatment for the urgent reversal of OAT in patients
      with ICH. Broader use of PCC in this clinical setting appears to be appropriate.

PMID- 19996637
TI  - Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases the platelet volume in peripheral
      stem cell apheresis donors.
AB  - We investigated the short-term influence of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
      (G-CSF) administration on platelet counts and platelet indices in 12 donors (8
      males and 4 females; median age 34 years, range 16-49) for peripheral stem cell
      transplantation using an automated blood cell analyzer. On day 3 (D3) compared
      with D0, 11 donors with normal laboratory and physical findings showed increases
      in platelet indices (chi(2) = 12.0, p = 0.0025). Furthermore, mean platelet
      volume (MPV) was significantly increased (p = 0.04). Also, platelet count
      decreased, and platelet distribution width and platelet-large cell ratio were
      increased, but these were not significant. On the contrary, 1 donor with abnormal
      laboratory findings who had large platelets (MPV 11.4 fl) before G-CSF
      administration showed decreases in platelet indices (MPV 10.3 fl) on D3, although
      platelet count (18.2 x 10(4)/microl) decreased after G-CSF administration. G-CSF
      administration induces an inflammatory process with endothelial cell activation.
      This is probably the reason why platelet volume increases after G-CSF use. This
      is the first report showing that G-CSF administration immediately induces
      increases in large platelets in peripheral stem cell transplant donors before
      harvest.

PMID- 19996638
TI  - Incidence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with erysipelas of the leg:
      prospective study of 30 cases in an emergency department.
AB  - The treatment of lower limb erysipelas is based on anti-streptococcal
      antibiotherapy. The indication of adjuvant anticoagulant therapy is not clear
      because of the lack of data about the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
      in these patients. We performed a prospective study using a colour Doppler vein
      exploration combined with ultrasonography within the first 48 h, with evaluation
      of clinical probability of DVT according to the Wells score to assess the
      incidence of DVT in patients with erysipelas of the lower limb. Of 30 patients
      studied, 3 DVT were diagnosed: 2 distal DVT (posterior tibial vein) and 1
      proximal DVT (superficial femoral vein) in patients having a clinical score > or
      = 3. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 2 cases. The incidence of DVTin our
      study was 10%.DVT should be considered in patients with erysipelas of the lower
      limb having a high pretest clinical probability.

PMID- 19996639
TI  - Plasma total homocysteine levels and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene
      polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Thrombotic episodes account for approximately 80% of deaths in type 2
      diabetic patients. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a well recognized independent risk
      factor for atherosclerosis and thromboembolism. Increased homocysteine levels may
      occur due to a number of factors including inherited gene polymorphism of
      methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T. Here, we evaluate plas- ma
      total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and frequency of the MTHFR C677T gene
      polymorphism in asymptomatic healthy volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients with
      hypertension but without nephropathy. We have also investigated the relationship
      between tHcy levels and the presence of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism. METHODS:
      Plasma tHcy levels and MTHFR C677T genotype were investigated in a total of 53
      subjects. These included asymptomatic healthy volunteers (n = 16), patients with
      type 2 diabetes (n = 7), subjects with hypertension (n = 12) and patients with
      both type 2 diabetes and hypertension (n = 18). Renal function, serum lipids and
      other metabolites were also assessed. RESULTS: There was no significant
      difference in tHcy levels between the groups studied. The frequency of MTHFR
      C677T gene polymorphism observed was similar to that obtained for the general
      Brazilian population. In patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension but
      without impaired renal function, we observed no meaningful correlation between
      increased tHcy levels and the presence of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism.
      CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetics who are homozygous or heterozygous for the MTHFR
      C677T gene polymorphism showed normal tHcy levels. Our results further suggest
      that diabetes without an associated adverse risk profile is not an independent
      correlate of increased tHcy levels.

PMID- 19996640
TI  - Thrombophilia and transient risk factors for venous thromboembolism in women with
      distal deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 19996641
TI  - A holistic approach to androgen deprivation therapy: treating the cancer without
      hurting the patient.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for advanced prostate cancer can
      be associated with side effects which may negatively impact quality of life (QoL)
      and induce serious medical problems. AIM: The aim is to give practical
      recommendations on how to monitor and counsel patients and effectively manage
      side effects based on relevant original articles, review articles and abstracts.
      RESULTS: Urologists should be aware of side effects and adapt their practice
      patterns to rapidly recognize these and administer appropriate treatment. Proper
      counseling of ADT-treated patients is needed to help them recognize and prevent
      and/or manage side effects. Patients should be encouraged to adopt a healthy
      lifestyle such as a healthy diet and physical exercise. In addition, bone mineral
      density and metabolic and cardiovascular parameters need to be carefully
      monitored. CONCLUSIONS: Urologists should take appropriate measures to prevent
      and manage ADT-related side effects to promote the general health and overall QoL
      of patients.

PMID- 19996642
TI  - Treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity with botulinum toxin A: the first
      seven years.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study describes the results of botulinum toxin A
      detrusor injections following a fixed protocol in 216 patients with untreatable
      neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence. A comparison is made between
      the two preparations currently available, and the efficacy of multiple treatments
      is studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Botox 300 MU (mouse units) or Dysport 750 MU
      were injected into the detrusor wall in 365 sessions in 216 patients. The average
      age of the 144 men and 72 women was 32.3 years. Patients were investigated before
      treatment and at 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Maximal detrusor pressure,
      detrusor compliance, reflex volume and cystometric capacity were recorded. Use of
      anticholinergics and patient satisfaction were ascertained from questionnaires.
      Appropriate statistics were applied. RESULTS: All urodynamic parameters improved.
      The use of anticholinergics decreased substantially. No differences were noted
      between the two preparations. The incontinence situation improved markedly. The
      effect of the treatment was noted after about 2 weeks and lasted for about 9
      months. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin A treatment in neurogenic detrusor
      overactivity patients is effective, long-lasting and repeatable. The treatment is
      minimally invasive and might be considered as an alternative to high-dosage
      anticholinergic medication.

PMID- 19996643
TI  - Preoperative urodynamic assessment in patients with spinal cord lesions
      undergoing sphincterotomy: is success predictable?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Sphincterotomy is a well-established therapeutic option in male
      patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction and detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia
      due to spinal cord lesions. Indication and prediction of treatment outcome,
      however, are mainly based on clinical parameters. We analyzed the clinical
      usefulness of preoperative urodynamic evaluation for the prediction of success in
      patients undergoing external sphincterotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a
      retrospective study, residual urine, retrograde perfusion pressure (RESP) and
      detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP) in 62 male patients with spinal cord injury
      were assessed before sphincterotomy. Data were compared to surgical success
      evaluated by postoperative DLPP and residual urine. RESULTS: Sphincterotomy was
      successful in 85.4% of our patients. In multivariate analysis, both preoperative
      DLPP and RESP were superior to measurement of residual urine concerning
      prediction of surgical success. However, these differences were not statistically
      significant. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate
      preoperative predictors for surgical success in patients undergoing
      sphincterotomy. Although urodynamic evaluation is strongly advised prior to
      surgery in patients with spinal cord lesions, it improves prediction of success
      only marginally.

PMID- 19996644
TI  - Preoperative MUCP and VLPP did not predict long-term (4-year) outcome after
      transobturator mid-urethral sling.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and Valsalva leak point
      pressure (VLPP) have been considered objective parameters for studying the
      urethral integrity and predicting outcome after surgery for stress urinary
      incontinence (SUI). We test the hypothesis that preoperative MUCP and/or VLPP may
      predict long-term outcome after out-in transobturator tape (TOT) surgery for
      female SUI. METHODS: 65 patients affected by stress or mixed urinary incontinence
      were enrolled in a prospective observational descriptive study conducted from May
      2002 to November 2005 at a single tertiary urban teaching university
      urogynecological department. Preoperative MUCP and VLPP, stratified as < or = or
      >40 cm H(2)O and < or = or >60 cm H(2)O, respectively, were separately or in
      combination correlated with primary (continence status: dry or wet) and secondary
      outcome variables (quality of life questionnaires) after surgery. RESULTS: Out of
      65 patients, 6 (9.2%) did not attend the follow-up. The median follow-up was 46
      months (mean 52 +/- 18; range 36-82). The overall objective cure rates (dry) were
      74.4% for patients with VLPP >60 cm H(2)O and 65% for VLPP < or =60 cm H(2)O (p <
      0.654). The overall objective cure rates (dry) were 75% for patients with MUCP
      >40 cm H(2)O and 68.6% for MUCP < or =40 cm H(2)O (p < 0.808). The overall
      objective cure rates (dry) were 82.4% for patients with MUCP >40 cm H(2)O and
      VLPP >60 cm H(2)O and 69.2% for MUCP < or =40 cm H(2)O and VLPP < or =60 cm H(2)O
      (p < 0.956). CONCLUSIONS: These data seem to cast doubts on the predictive value
      of MUCP and VLPP in patients who underwent TOT.

PMID- 19996645
TI  - Repeat transobturator tape after failed mid-urethral sling procedure: follow-up
      with questionnaire-based assessment.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine if repeat transobturator tape (TOT) is feasible after
      failed initial synthetic mid-urethral sling (MUS) for stress urinary
      incontinence, and to ascertain objective physician-determined outcome as well as
      subjective questionnaire-based outcome for this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS:
      Between February 2005 and February 2008, a total of 21 patients underwent repeat
      TOT procedure after failed sling treatment. Initial sling procedures were all
      synthetic MUS, i.e. tension-free vaginal tape in 5 cases and TOT in 16 cases.
      RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 16 months, physician-determined cure was achieved
      in 55% of patients, improvement in 15% and failure in 30%. Outcome deduced from
      the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire at a mean follow-up
      of 17 months showed 53% of patients to be cured and 5% of patients to be
      improved, but failure was noted in 42% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat TOT after
      failed synthetic MUS treatment is a feasible procedure with minor morbidity.
      Repeat TOT provides a reasonable physician-determined success rate, but a lower
      patient self-reported success rate can be deduced from questionnaires. The
      transobturator approach seems to show poorer outcomes than the retropubic
      approach in repeat sling surgery.

PMID- 19996647
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of treating ureteral stones in a Taipei City Hospital: shock
      wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy plus lithoclast.
AB  - AIM: To compare cost-effectiveness, success rates and sat isfaction score of
      ureteroscopic lithotripsy with lithoclast (URSL) and extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy (ESWL) for ureteral stones in a Taipei City Hospital. METHODS: This
      is a retrospective study. From July 1998 to June 2000, 448 patients who underwent
      treatment for ureteral stones were included. The patients were divided into two
      treatment groups according to the initial method adopted for the management of
      their stone. Medical records and hospital financial records were collected for
      costs of implementing each treatment program. The satisfaction scores of patients
      (rating from 0 to 10) were collected by telephone interviews. Success was defined
      as complete clearance of the stone or fragmentation of stones smaller than 2 mm
      by plain abdominal film and complete relief of symptoms after initial treatment.
      RESULTS: A total of 360 patients were in the ESWL group (including 144 upper, 48
      middle and 168 lower third stones) and 88 in the URSL group (including 28 upper,
      24 middle and 36 lower third stones). The range of stone size was from 0.6 to 1.9
      cm. The overall treatment cost was comparable in both groups with a trend for it
      to be higher in the ESWL group without reaching statistical significance (TWD
      20,901.5 +/- 8,911.3 vs. 19,876.1 +/- 4,782.2). Stratified by the location of
      stone, the overall treatment cost was significantly higher in the ESWL group than
      in the URSL group for patients with upper third ureteral stones irrespective of
      stone size. The efficiency quotient for ESWL and URSL was 0.62 and 0.65,
      respectively. The success rate was significantly higher in the URSL group than in
      the ESWL group (89.8 vs. 71.7%). Satisfaction scores were similar for both groups
      with a trend to be higher in the ESWL group without reaching statistical
      significance (7.97 +/- 1.01 vs. 7.53 +/- 1.37). CONCLUSIONS: The overall
      treatment cost of patients with upper third ureteral stone was significantly
      higher in the ESWL group than in the URSL group, but the success rate was
      significantly higher in the URSL group than in the ESWL group.

PMID- 19996646
TI  - Outline of 3,830 male patients referred to urodynamic evaluation for lower
      urinary tract symptoms: how common is infravesical outlet obstruction?
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction in men has been
      overestimated leading to improper clinical results after transurethral resection
      of the prostate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 3,830 consecutive male cases submitted for
      urodynamic evaluation were prospectively analyzed using a Schaefer nomogram. The
      prevalence of detrusor overactivity and the occurrence of obstruction were
      prospectively studied using standardized urodynamic practice. RESULTS:
      Infravesical obstruction was diagnosed in 44.8% of the studied population: 0.7%
      of the obstructed cases were obstructed at the sphincter zone and 7.9% showed
      obstruction as a high-pressure, high-flow-rate pattern. Detrusor overactivity was
      demonstrated in 73.9% of the obstructed cases and in 22% of the unobstructed.
      Older patients (>60 years) seemed more likely (odds ratio: 2.8) to present
      detrusor overactivity, but at the same time showed less frequent obstruction. The
      oldest subjects (>80 years) showed a lower prevalence of obstruction, although
      overactive bladder was a common finding. CONCLUSION: Infravesical obstruction is
      less frequent than previously stated. The common assumption that obstruction is
      the cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men is wrong. Older men are
      more likely to suffer from detrusor overactivity resulting from lower urinary
      tract symptoms rather than infravesical obstruction. Urodynamic studies seem to
      be crucial for a proper diagnosis in men considered candidates for surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 19996648
TI  - Outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children having complex stones.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To review our experiences with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in
      children with complex renal calculi. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively
      analyzed the records of 31 children with complex renal calculi who were treated
      by percutaneous nephrolithotomy at 2 hospitals of our university between June
      2003 and June 2008. The mean age of the patients was 10.4 years (range 22 months
      to 15 years). Three patients were aged < or =5 years. Stone clearance and
      complications were recorded. RESULTS: The mean operating time (time from
      insertion of the ureteral catheter to placement of a nephrostomy tube) was 87.4
      (range 50-180) min. In 2 patients the procedures were staged because of a large
      residual stone load. The extent of percutaneous tract dilation was undertaken
      taking patient age and the presence of hydronephrosis into consideration.
      Complete stone clearance with percutaneous nephrolithotomy was achieved in 21
      (67.7%) of 31 patients. Adding extracorporeal lithotripsy increased total
      clearance to 24/31 (77.4%). The most common complication was bleeding that
      necessitated blood transfusion (7/31, 22.5%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy is as safe and effective in children as it is in adults. The
      clearance rate can be increased with dual therapy. Tract dilation should be
      tailored according to patient age and the extent of hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19996649
TI  - Laparoscopic pyeloplasty: a versatile alternative to open pyeloplasty.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report the safety, efficacy and versatility of laparoscopic
      pyeloplasty (LPP) in treatment of pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO).
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2002 to November 2006, 185 patients (186
      units; 182 with primary and 4 with secondary PUJO) underwent LPP (transperitoneal
      approach in 184; retroperitoneal approach in 2). A double J stent was placed
      antegradely in 121 (68.4%) units, cystoscopically in 50 units (28.2%), and 6
      units (3.4%) were stentless. Patients were followed up clinically, with
      additional diuretic renogram. RESULTS: Surgery was completed laparoscopically in
      177 units, and conversion was required in 9 (4.8%) units. Pyeloplasty was
      dismembered in 143 units, Foley YV plasty in 26 units, and Fenger pyeloplasty in
      8 units. The median estimated blood loss, operative time and hospital stay were
      50 ml, 180 min and 4 days, respectively. Overall, 18 (9.6%) patients had
      complications. Improvements in drainage patterns of 167 out of 177 units (94.3%)
      were shown on a renal scan at a median follow-up of 39 months (range: 3-63
      months). CONCLUSION: LPP is a safe, effective and versatile method for treatment
      of PUJO, which is applicable to all age groups, even in the presence of secondary
      stones, crossing vessels and secondary PUJO.

PMID- 19996650
TI  - Effects of retroperitoneal or transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery on hemodynamic
      and respiratory function in old patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the effects of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery (RPL) and
      transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery (TPL) on the hemodynamic and ventilatory
      functions in old patients. METHODS: Thirty-two senior patients underwent either
      RPL or TPL. Swan-Ganz and radial artery catheters were placed to monitor
      hemodynamic functions. Artery blood samples were obtained to analyze ventilatory
      functions. RESULTS: For hemodynamic changes in both TPL and RPL, central venous
      pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
      significantly increased 10 min after CO(2) insufflation and decreased to
      preanesthesia levels roughly 30 min after insufflation relief. For ventilatory
      functions, in both TPL and RPL, peak airway pressure, partial pressure of
      arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PetCO(2)),
      carbon dioxide output (VCO(2)), and the difference between PaCO(2) and PetCO(2)
      (Pa-PetCO(2)) all increased significantly 10 min after CO(2) insufflation and
      returned to the preanesthesia level 20 min after CO(2) desufflation. However,
      increments of PaCO(2), VCO(2) and Pa-PetCO(2) were significantly higher in RPL
      than in TPL, and did not return to the preanesthesia level until 30 min after
      CO(2) desufflation. CONCLUSION: For senior patients, TPL and RPL have similar
      effects on hemodynamic functions. However, RPL tends to cause much more change in
      the respiratory measurements.

PMID- 19996651
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of adrenal tumors: a single-center experience with 238
      cases.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to review and analyze clinical data on
      the diagnosis and management of patients with adrenal masses. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: Between 1976 and 2005, 238 patients admitted to our institute with
      adrenal masses were reviewed. Incidence, clinical features, imaging technique
      findings, surgical approaches, morbidity and mortality, as well as pathological
      diagnoses were reported. RESULTS: The series comprised 134 males and 104 females
      (mean age 33.3 +/- 20.3 years). Right-sided masses were more common (63.4%), with
      a mean size of 7.7 +/- 4 cm. Pain was the most frequent presenting symptom
      (53.4%), while 62 (26%) had a functional tumor. Incidentaloma was diagnosed in 49
      patients (20.6%). Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed
      a high diagnostic yield (sensitivities of 98.9 and 100%, respectively). Open
      adrenalectomy was performed in 153 patients (64.3%), while a laparoscopic
      approach was employed in 53 patients (22.3%). The intraoperative complication
      rate was 14.7%, the postoperative complication rate 6.1% and perioperative
      mortality 1.7%. Most of the excised masses were pheochromocytomas (26.4%).
      CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography is recommended as the first diagnostic modality
      to define and characterize adrenal masses. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is
      currently replacing open surgery as the standard surgical management of adrenal
      masses.

PMID- 19996652
TI  - Long-term testicular growth and position after orchidopexy for congenital
      undescended testis.
AB  - AIM: We aimed to investigate long-term testicular growth and the position of
      congenital undescended testes (UDT) after orchidopexy (ORP), taking into account
      that nowadays UDT has to be divided into congenital and acquired forms. METHODS:
      This study included 181 patients with 199 congenital UDT (91 right-sided, 72 left
      sided, 18 bilateral), in whom ORP had been carried out (1986-2006). Long-term
      testicular position and growth were assessed by clinical examination and
      ultrasound (US). RESULTS: In 44.5% (65/146), testicular volume of the
      unilaterally operated congenital UDT was >50th percentile for age. In 55.5%
      (81/146), the volume was < or =50th percentile, and 13.0% (19/146) of these were
      < or =10th percentile. In 7 of 34 (20.6%) bilaterally operated congenital UDT,
      testicular volume was < or =10th percentile. The difference in size between the
      operated congenital UDT and the contralateral non-operated testes measured by
      both Prader orchidometer (p = 0.00) and US (p = 0.00) was statistically
      significant. There was a strong correlation between the orchidometer and US. On
      examination, 87.9% (175/199) of the operated testes were located in the lower
      scrotum. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that ORP for congenital
      UDT is safe, and even when performed later than current recommendations did not
      result in severe growth retardation.

PMID- 19996653
TI  - Role of testosterone/estradiol ratio in predicting the efficacy of tamoxifen
      citrate treatment in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men.
AB  - AIM: It was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of a low
      testosterone/estradiol (T/E2) ratio and the normalization of this ratio by an
      aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole, on the treatment results of tamoxifen citrate
      (TAM) in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients with a normal T/E2
      ratio. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 127 normogonadotropic men were included in this
      study. TAM (10 mg twice daily) was applied to 103 of the patients (group 1). The
      control group consisted of 25 patients who did not receive any treatment (group
      2). After 3 months, TAM therapy was continued in 42 of the patients with a normal
      T/E2 ratio (group 1A). Of the remaining 61 patients with low ratios, 30 continued
      with TAM (group 1BTAM), while the remaining 31 patients underwent additional
      anastrozole therapy (1 mg/day) to TAM (group 1BANA). RESULTS: In the 3rd month of
      the study, while the sperm concentration and motility were found significantly
      improved in group 1 (p < 0.05), they were significantly lower in groups 1BTAM and
      1BANA than in group 1A (p < 0.01). In the 6th month of the study, the mean T/E2
      ratio was normal in group 1A and group 1BANA, but was lower than normal ranges in
      group 1BTAM. The sperm concentration and motility significantly increased in
      groups 1A and 1BANA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A significant decrease in the T/E2
      ratio was seen in the majority of the patients during TAM treatment.
      Normalization of this ratio by addition of anastrozole to the treatment regimen
      improved the treatment outcomes. However, a placebo-controlled study is needed to
      confirm our results.

PMID- 19996654
TI  - Oral chemotherapy in hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma patients unwilling to
      be admitted to hospital.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the safety and efficacy in terms of PSA response of a
      low-dose oral combination of estramustine phosphate (EMP) and etoposide (VP16) in
      hormone- refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients. Well-tolerated outpatient
      chemotherapy regimens for patients unfit and/or unwilling to be admitted to
      hospital are needed. METHODS: Fifty-six HRPC patients with metastatic disease
      (median age 75 years) were randomized between arm A (daily oral EMP 10 mg/kg, in
      3 doses) and arm B (28-day cycle with low-dose EMP 3 mg/kg once daily plus VP16
      25 mg/m(2) once daily on days 1 through 14). Baseline characteristics between the
      two groups were similar. LHRH therapy was maintained. Anti- androgen was stopped
      1 month before entry. RESULTS: The low-dose combination was better tolerated,
      with a significant advantage in terms of time to treatment interruption for any
      reason (p = 0.01) or toxicity (6 vs. 12 months, p = 0.02). A trend in favour of
      arm B was evident in terms of PSA reduction (41.4 vs. 15%), performance status
      and pain improvement. Hospital admission due to toxicity was never required for
      arm B patients and there were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose
      oral combination of EMP and VP16 might represent a treatment option for patients
      unfit for i.v. chemotherapy. This regimen requires minimal toxicity monitoring
      when administered at home for prolonged periods.

PMID- 19996655
TI  - An in vitro study comparing the coagulation and cautery effects of bipolar and
      unipolar cutting modalities on prostatic tissue.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare plasmakinetic prostate resection (PKRP),
      plasmakinetic prostate vaporization (PKVP) and transurethral prostate resection
      (TURP) procedures according to cautery artifacts in tissue specimens and to
      compare the coagulation depths of these procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The
      prostate specimens of 10 patients that underwent open transvesical prostatectomy
      were used. TURP, PKVP and PKRP procedures were performed immediately. Artifactual
      pathological patterns that were identified in the specimens included: abnormal
      cellular orientation and spindling, artifactual cellular detachment from the
      underlying basement membrane, atypical cytological changes and stromal
      coagulative artifacts. The severity of cautery artifact was graded as absent,
      mild, moderate or severe according to the sum of points in each specimen.
      RESULTS: When the groups were compared according to moderate and severe
      artifacts, it was observed that PKRP caused more moderate artifacts and TURP
      caused more severe artifacts than the other two groups (p < 0.05). The depth of
      the tissue affected by coagulation was 1.52 +/- 1.29 mm with the TURP procedure.
      There were significant differences between TURP and the other two methods (p <
      0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Three transurethral procedures cause cautery artifacts of
      varying grades. The application of TURP seems to cause more severe artifacts and
      PKRP and PKVP procedures seem to result in a deeper coagulation zone in the
      residual prostatic tissue.

PMID- 19996656
TI  - Influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on prostate-specific antigen recurrence
      in prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: Evidence is accumulating indicating that chronic inflammation plays an
      important role in prostate cancer. We investigated the potential prognostic roles
      of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 polymorphisms in clinical localized prostate cancer after
      radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 116 clinically localized
      prostate cancer patients undergoing curative radical prostatectomy were included
      in this study. The IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 polymorphisms were determined by the
      TaqMan real-time PCR method. Their prognostic significance on prostate-specific
      antigen (PSA) recurrence was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox
      regression model. RESULTS: The IL-6 polymorphism (rs2066992) T/G and G/G genotype
      cases were associated with a higher percentage of preoperative PSA levels of > or
      =10 ng/ml; higher risk of positive surgical margin, and higher risk of
      extraprostatic extension compared to the T/T genotype. The IL-10 polymorphism
      (rs1800871) A/A genotype was associated with a higher risk of PSA recurrence
      compared with the A/G + G/G genotypes and significantly poorer PSA-free survival
      (log-rank test, p = 0.019). After considering other covariates in a Cox
      proportional hazard model, the IL-10A/A genotype and high Gleason score (8-10)
      were still independent predictors of poor PSA-free survival. CONCLUSION: Our
      results suggest that the IL-10 polymorphism may be a prognostic factor for PSA
      recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

PMID- 19996657
TI  - Elevated blood active ghrelin and unaltered total ghrelin and obestatin
      concentrations in prostate carcinoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: Ghrelin and its functional receptor are highly expressed in prostate
      cancer (PC) and ghrelin may activate proliferation of PC cell lines. This study
      was therefore designed to characterize the association between serum acylated and
      total ghrelin, and obestatin levels in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia
      (BPH) and PC. METHODS: Blood serum concentrations of active and total ghrelin and
      obestatin were estimated by EIA methods. RESULTS: Serum level of active ghrelin
      in PC was significantly higher compared to control and BPH groups. On the other
      hand, concentrations of total ghrelin and of obestatin did not differ between
      studied groups of patients. In the control group the ratio of active to total
      ghrelin concentrations amounted to 0.16, and it was similar in BPH (0.14), while
      it was notably elevated in PC (0.42). Also the ratio of active ghrelin to
      obestatin concentrations was higher in the group with PC than in the control and
      BPH groups. In all studied groups, the ratio of total circulating ghrelin to
      obestatin was similar. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results suggest the link between
      elevated blood active ghrelin and PC, and we cannot exclude that elevated
      circulating active ghrelin may affect growth of malignant prostatic tissues.

PMID- 19996658
TI  - Ureteral triplication combined with right renal ectopia and ureteral cyst.
AB  - Ureteral triplication is one of the rarest malformations of the upper urinary
      tract. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with right ureteral triplication
      combined with renal ectopia and ureteral cyst with stenosis at the junction of
      the ureteral cyst and distal ureter. The ureteral cyst was tailored and
      tubularized, and the tight junction was removed, as in Hynes-Anderson
      ureteropyeloplasty; on reevaluation almost 4 years later, kidney function was
      normal and computed tomography showed a normal kidney and ureter.

PMID- 19996659
TI  - Delayed infection of a pelvic lymphocele following robotic radical prostatectomy
      and pelvic lymphadenectomy: two cases.
AB  - Pelvic lymphocele is an infrequent complication of pelvic surgery, usually
      presenting shortly after surgery. We report 2 cases with a delayed infected
      pelvic lymphocele presenting after transperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy and
      robotic radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. These cases
      illustrate that late infection of pelvic lymphoceles may occur following radical
      prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The practicing urologist should be
      aware of this possibility and look for an infected lymphocele in postoperative
      pelvic lymphadenectomy patients presenting with fever and leukocytosis of
      uncertain etiology, regardless of the time elapsed since surgery. To date, there
      is a paucity of data in the literature on robotic- assisted laparoscopic
      resection of a lymphocele after radical prostatectomy. The minimally invasive
      technique can be considered as a possible alternative to lymphocele percutaneous
      drainage. It is effective, results in minimal patient morbidity and allows for
      rapid recovery.

PMID- 19996660
TI  - Multifocal brain metastases in clear cell renal cell carcinoma with complete
      response to sunitinib.
AB  - We report the case of a 70-year-old man who received sunitinib treatment for
      brain metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After 6 months of treatment,
      brain MRI showed complete disappearance of two brain metastases. To the best of
      our knowledge, this is the first reported case of multifocal brain metastases in
      renal cell carcinoma with complete response to sunitinib.

PMID- 19996661
TI  - [Comparative diagnostic value of computed tomography and contrast-enhanced
      ultrasonography in diagnosis of focal liver lesions].
AB  - OBJECTIVE. The aim of the study was to evaluate focal liver lesions by computed
      tomography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and to compare their diagnostic
      values. MATERIALS AND METHODS. There were 67 patients, examined and treated in
      the Departments of Gastroenterology, Surgery, and Oncology, Hospital of Kaunas
      University of Medicine, during 2007 (study group). All the patients underwent
      contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and bolus computed tomography. Control group
      included 73 patients with focal hepatic lesions who were examined and treated in
      the Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine during 2006. Focal hepatic lesions
      were detected and characterized by conventional ultrasonography and bolus
      computed tomography. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy or during surgery in
      both groups, and hemangiomas were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging.
      Patients' age varied from 20 to 80 years (there were 46 [68.7%] women and 21
      [31.3%] men with a mean age of 55.85+/-13.417 years). The age of patients in the
      study group varied from 18 to 91 years (mean age, 60.81+/-16.059 years; out of 73
      patients, 46 [63%] were women and 27 [37%] men). RESULTS. The following was
      determined in the study group: hemangioma (n=18, 26.9%), focal nodular
      hyperplasia (n=4, 6%), adenoma (n=2, 3%), echinococcosis (n=2, 3%),
      hepatocellular carcinoma (n=11, 16.4%), cholangiocellular carcinoma (n=1, 1.5%),
      solitary metastasis (n=13, 19.4%), hepatic cyst (n=3, 4.5%), etc. The sensitivity
      and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as compared with computed
      tomography in detecting and characterizing focal liver lesions was 44.2% and
      46.7%, respectively; positive prognostic value was 74.2% and negative prognostic
      value was 19.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of conventional ultrasonography
      as compared with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in detecting and
      characterizing focal liver lesions was 34.5% and 100%, respectively; positive
      prognostic value was 100% and negative prognostic value was 25%. CONCLUSIONS.
      Ultrasound contrast agents (SonoVue, Bracco(R), Milan, Italy) definitely improve
      detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. Ultrasonography correlates
      with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, particularly during
      arterial phase. The sensitivity of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as compared
      with computed tomography in detecting and characterizing focal liver lesions was
      74.2% and positive prognostic value was 44.2%; sensitivity of conventional
      ultrasonography as compared with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in detecting
      and characterizing focal liver lesions was 34.5% and positive prognostic value
      was 100%.

PMID- 19996662
TI  - [Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: possibilities of early diagnostics].
AB  - The present study aimed at analyzing the possibilities of early diagnostics of
      attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in toddlers and preschool children.
      Parents and caregivers from children day care centers provided information about
      863 children (mean age, 47.18 months; 410 girls and 453 boys). The methods used
      in the study were as follows: Child Behavior Checklist/1(1/2)-5 (CBCL), Caregiver
      Teacher Report Form (C-TRF), and clinical questionnaire for evaluation of
      attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The study consisted of two
      stages: 1) screening of the emotional and behavioral problems of children based
      on parental and caregiver-teachers' reports; 2) clinical interview with parents
      of children at risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as measured by
      empirical ratings of attention hyperactivity symptoms. Results revealed that
      according to parental ratings, attention and hyperactivity problems are related
      to children's age. According to caregiver-teachers' ratings, boys were rated as
      having more problems of attention and hyperactivity than girls. Based on the
      results from the first stage, children at risk for attention
      deficit/hyperactivity disorder were analyzed further. Case study analysis showed
      attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in these children to be a part
      of overall pattern characterized by behavioral, emotional, and other problems.
      The quantitative as well as qualitative analysis provides the evidence for a high
      comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other emotional and
      behavioral problems in early childhood. Study showed that comprehensive clinical
      assessment is necessary for early diagnostics of ADHD.

PMID- 19996663
TI  - Epidural and general anesthesia versus general anesthesia in radical
      prostatectomy.
AB  - Induced hypotension with epidural anesthesia influences the intraoperative blood
      loss in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. The aim of
      this study was to evaluate intraoperative blood loss and need of blood
      transfusions in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy under
      epidural/general anesthesia and general anesthesia. Two groups were selected:
      epidural/general anesthesia group (study group, 27 patients) received epidural
      anesthesia in association with general anesthesia, and general anesthesia group
      (control group, 27 patients) received general anesthesia alone. Epidural/general
      anesthesia was performed using 0.5% solution of bupivacaine and maintained by
      volatile anesthetic sevoflurane. General anesthesia was performed with
      endotracheal ventilation using sevoflurane and intravenous fentanyl. The present
      study showed that the mean blood loss in epidural/general anesthesia group was
      significantly lower in comparison with that of general anesthesia group (740+/
      210 mL versus 1150+/-290 mL, P<0.001). In addition, less allogeneic blood was
      transfused in epidural/general anesthesia group: 0.19 blood units transfused
      versus 0.52 blood units in general anesthesia group (P=0.007). Our study proved
      that induced hypotension with epidural/general anesthesia reduced intraoperative
      blood loss and need of allogeneic blood transfusions in cancer patient undergoing
      open radical prostatectomy.

PMID- 19996664
TI  - Efficacy, tolerability, and preference of mirtazapine orally disintegrating
      tablets in depressed patients: a 17-week naturalistic study in Lithuania.
AB  - Mirtazapine is an established antidepressant with well-documented efficacy
      demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. However, the gap between the results
      obtained in controlled clinical trials and everyday clinical practice exists.
      Therefore, the importance of naturalistic studies in psychiatry is becoming
      recognized. The aim of present naturalistic study was to acquire data on
      efficacy, safety, and preference of mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets
      during a 17-week treatment of depression. This prospective, open-label,
      multicenter study in patients with mild to severe depression was conducted at 47
      mental health centers of Lithuania by 78 psychiatrists. Patients were initially
      given 15 mg or 30 mg of mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets; the maximum
      allowed dose was 45 mg per day. The primary efficacy measure was the total score
      on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), the Clinical Global
      Impression-Severity (CGI-S), and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I)
      scales. Tolerability was primarily measured by assessing the incidence of
      treatment-emergent adverse events. Patients were evaluated at baseline, at weeks
      1, 5, 9, 13, and 17. A total of 779 patients (595 women [76.4%] with a mean [SD]
      age of 50.2 [13.65] and 184 men [23.6%] with a mean [SD] age of 52.4 [14.6]
      years) were enrolled into the study; 687 (88.2%) patients completed the study.
      The mean (SD) daily dose of mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets was 29.0
      (3.8) mg. The mean total (SD) HAMD-17 score improved significantly from 25.7
      (4.6) to 7.3 (4.3) (P<0.005). At each visit, the mean HAMD-17 score was
      significantly lower than that at the preceding visit. At week 17, remission (HAMD
      17 score < or =7) was observed in 436 (56%) patients. The mean (SD) CGI-S score
      improved significantly from 4.9 (1.0) at baseline to 1.5 (0.6) at endpoint
      (P<0.001). According to the CGI-I assessments, 621 patients (89.4%) improved and
      improved very much. The vast majority of patients (80%) preferred the new
      formulation of mirtazapine - mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablet. Treatment
      emergent adverse events occurred in 106 patients (13.6%). The most frequent
      adverse events were weight gain, sedation, dizziness, and dry mouth. In this
      study conducted in Lithuania with depressed patients, a significant improvement
      was shown in all efficacy measures. In addition, mirtazapine orally
      disintegrating tablet was a well-tolerated and preferable formulation for the
      treatment of depressed patients.

PMID- 19996665
TI  - The influence of surgical treatment and red blood cell transfusion on changes in
      antioxidative and immune system parameters in colorectal cancer patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE. To determine the effect of surgical treatment and red blood cell
      transfusion on the parameters of antioxidative and immune systems in patients
      with early and advanced stage colorectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total of
      65 patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study. Three blood serum
      samples of each patient were tested comparing presurgical and postsurgical
      periods of 7 and 14 days. Malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels, activity
      of catalase and glutathione S-transferase were determined spectrophotometrically.
      The concentration of cytokines TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA.
      RESULTS. Malondialdehyde and glutathione levels decreased in surgically treated
      patients with cancer of both stages while catalase activity decreased in patients
      with stage III cancer. Cytokine levels did not change after surgery. A decrease
      in malondialdehyde concentration was observed in the transfused patients with
      early stage cancer comparing postsurgical periods. Catalase activity was
      increased after surgery in patients with early stage cancer but was decreased
      during postsurgical periods in patients with advanced stage cancer. Cytokine
      levels increased at postsurgical periods in transfused patients with stage III
      cancer. Correlation between catalase activity and TNF-alpha level and between
      glutathione S-transferase activity and TGF-beta1 level was determined
      postsurgically in transfused patients with early stage cancer. CONCLUSIONS.
      Postsurgical period affected antioxidative system of patients with cancer of both
      stages while level of cytokines showed no differences. Transfusion determined
      distinct dynamics of antioxidative parameters due to cancer stage. Elevated
      cytokine levels in transfused patients with advanced stage cancer showed that the
      status of immune system was exacerbated. Antioxidative and immune systems were
      depressed in these patients. Correlation between antioxidative system parameters
      and cytokines in transfused patients of early stage cancer showed a relationship
      between two protective systems of the organism against malignant process.

PMID- 19996666
TI  - The value of transcutaneous method of bilirubin measurement in newborn population
      with the risk of ABO hemolytic disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY. To evaluate the correlation between total serum bilirubin
      (TSB) and transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels in newborn infants at risk of ABO
      hemolytic disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS. During a prospective study, 130 full
      term (>or=37 weeks of gestation) newborn infants with diagnosed ABO blood group
      incompatibility were examined. TSB level was measured at the age of 6 hours;
      further measurements were performed at 24, 48, and 72 hours following the first
      measurement. Blood samples were collected from the peripheral veins. In clinical
      laboratory, total serum bilirubin level was measured using Jendrassik-Grof
      method. TcB level in the forehead was measured using a noninvasive
      bilirubinometer BiliCheck (SpectRX Inc, Norcross, GA) according to the
      manufacturer's instructions within +/-30 min after getting a blood sample.
      RESULTS. During the study, 387 double tests were performed to measure TSB and TcB
      levels. TSB level (114.83 [62.85] micromol/L) closely correlated with TcB level
      (111.51 [61.31] micromol/L) (r=0.92, P<0.001). The strongest correlation was
      reported at the age of 54 hours (r=0.873, P<0.001), the weakest - at the age of 6
      hours (r=0.729, P<0.001). TSB and TcB levels showed a strong correlation; the
      difference between these values was significant (95% CI, 0.70; 5.93; P<0.05). The
      greatest difference between TSB and TcB levels was detected at the age of 6 hours
      (5.58 [17.46] micromol/L, 95% CI, 2.55; 8.61; P<0.001). No significant difference
      was reported at the age of 30, 54, and 78 hours. Using linear regression
      analysis, it was established that correlation of TSB and TcB was described by
      equation y=14.13+0.903x. Transcutaneously measured bilirubin level underestimated
      serum bilirubin level. When at the age of 6 hours TcB level is >or=98 micromol/L,
      ABO hemolytic disease in newborns may be diagnosed with 100% sensitivity and 98%
      specificity; positive predictive value was 62% and negative predictive value was
      100%. While a newborn's age increases, TcB sensitivity and specificity for
      diagnosing ABO hemolytic disease decrease. CONCLUSION. While evaluating bilirubin
      level transcutaneously according to nomograms of serum bilirubin level, the
      results should be considered with caution, especially for newborns with a risk of
      ABO hemolytic disease. The hour-specific nomograms of transcutaneous bilirubin
      level should be used to evaluate hyperbilirubinemia using only a noninvasive
      method.

PMID- 19996667
TI  - Trends of smoking prevalence among Lithuanian school-aged children in 1994-2006.
AB  - BACKGROUND. Despite much effort spent on antismoking programs in schools in
      different countries, limited effects have been observed in many cases. Evidence
      from European countries shows that active tobacco control actions such as ban on
      tobacco advertising, increase of tobacco taxes could lead to successful results.
      Our study was aimed to analyze time trends on smoking in Lithuanian school-aged
      children during the period of 1994-2006 in the context of antismoking policies,
      which were implemented in Lithuania. MATERIAL AND METHODS. This study was a part
      of WHO Cross-National Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study
      carried out in Lithuania. The standardized methods of international HBSC study
      protocol were applied. Stratified random representative samples of 5428, 4513,
      5645, and 5632 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years were included into school-based
      anonymous questionnaire surveys in 1994, 1998, 2002, and 2006, respectively
      (spring semester). Questions on frequency of smoking, age of initiation and other
      questions were included. Response rates of each of these four questionnaire
      surveys were higher than 90%. RESULTS. Smoking behavior was more common among
      boys. The prevalence gap in smoking between boys and girls diminished during
      period of observation. Prevalence of smoking increased significantly among boys
      during the period of 1994-2002 (11.3%, 19.8%, and 23.6% in 1994, 1998, and 2002,
      respectively), but started to decline after (17.3% in 2006, P<0.05). Similar
      trends were observed among girls: 3.6%, 8.5%, 14.6%, and 12.5% of girls reported
      smoking in cross-sectional surveys of 1994, 1998, 2002, and 2006, respectively.
      Boys living in rural areas were more frequent smokers than those living in urban
      areas in 1994-1998 (9.5% vs 13.9%, P<0.05). However, the surveys of 2002-2006
      showed opposite changes (25.6% vs 22.1%, P<0.05 and 17.8% vs 16.9%, P>0.05).
      Urban girls have reported smoking more frequently in comparison with rural girls.
      CONCLUSIONS. An increase in tobacco smoking among school-aged children was
      observed in Lithuania during 1994-2002. A decrease in prevalence of smoking was
      seen during the period of 2002-2006. These trends could be related to the
      implementation of tobacco control measures in Lithuania.

PMID- 19996668
TI  - Sense of coherence and its associations with psychosocial health: results of
      survey of the unemployed in Kaunas.
AB  - OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the associations between sense of coherence and
      psychosocial health among unemployed adult population. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The
      data were collected during a cross-sectional study in 2005. There were 429 filled
      in questionnaires received (response rate, 53.6%) from unemployed persons
      registered at the Kaunas Labor Market Office (Lithuania). For the assessment of
      the sense of coherence, a short 13-item version of the Orientation to Life
      Questionnaire was used. Long-term unemployment was defined as lasting 12 months
      or longer. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors having
      influence on sense of coherence. The risk was evaluated using odds ratio (OR).
      RESULTS. The mean score for sense of coherence was 56.6+/-11.2 (min, 13; max,
      91). Significantly higher sense of coherence was found among the short-term
      unemployed as compare to the long-term ones. Analysis showed that sense of
      coherence was significantly higher in males, more educated and less materially
      deprived groups. The findings indicated that persons with depression, suicide
      intentions, more intensive alcohol consumption (after the job loss), poor self
      reported health, feelings of loneliness and shame, and poor relations with family
      reported lower sense of coherence. The risk of low sense of coherence was
      significantly higher for females (OR=2.97) and the long-term unemployed
      (OR=1.81). Nevertheless, higher education (OR=0.73) and income (OR=0.83) were the
      factors that significantly improved sense of coherence. CONCLUSIONS. Sense of
      coherence was low among the unemployed in Kaunas. Sense of coherence was lower
      among the unemployed with negative psychosocial health characteristics in
      comparison to the unemployed with positive characteristics.

PMID- 19996669
TI  - The need for orthodontic treatment among 10-11- and 14-15-year-old Lithuanian
      schoolchildren.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment among 10
      11- and 14-15-year-old schoolchildren in Lithuania. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total
      of 4235 children randomly selected from different socioeconomic backgrounds were
      examined. The schoolchildren were divided into two age groups: first group, 10-11
      year olds (1142 boys, 1180 girls) and second group, 14-15-year olds (936 boys,
      977 girls). The normative orthodontic treatment need was assessed using the Index
      of Complexity, Outcome, and Need. RESULTS. The need for orthodontic treatment
      ranged from 37.4 to 48.9% in 10 counties of Lithuania. The study demonstrated
      that the need of orthodontic treatment significantly depended on age and to some
      extent on gender of the schoolchildren examined. This study has shown reduction
      in the need for orthodontic treatment from 49.9% in the late mixed dentition
      stage to 33.9% in the permanent dentition stage. CONCLUSIONS. The need for
      orthodontic treatment is high in Lithuania: almost half of 10-11-year-old and
      every third of 14-15-year-old schoolchildren need orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 19996670
TI  - Competence of general practice nurses caring for patients with mental health
      problems in the somatic departments.
AB  - OBJECTIVE. To investigate competence of general practice nurses caring for
      patients with mental health problems in the somatic departments. MATERIAL AND
      METHODS. A quantitive study on competence of general practice nurses using an
      anonymous questionnaire was carried out in Klaipeda secondary health care
      institution in January-February of 2007. The respondents (128 general practice
      nurses) were selected from seven departments, in which psychiatric consultation
      was more frequently recommended. In the working places of nurses, 140
      questionnaires were distributed; 135 questionnaires were completed (response rate
      was 96.4%), among them 7 questionnaires were acknowledged as not valid. RESULTS.
      About 45.0% of general practice nurses had knowledge how to care for the patients
      with mental health problems, from 1.6 to 21.9% did not have knowledge, and the
      rest reported having only moderate knowledge (28.1-64.1%). These findings
      provided a statistically significant link between the duration of employment and
      education (r from 0.292 to 0.76; P from <0.05 to <0.01). However, only 30.5% of
      respondents were able to manage conflicts. Most common undesirable events (60.3%)
      were runaway from inpatient clinic care, injury followed by runaway (29.4%), and
      suicide (10.3%). From 18.8% to 28.9% of respondents believed that undesirable
      events were influenced by an unsuitable environment of the department, the
      shortage of time and personnel, difficulty in getting a psychiatrist's
      consultation. Only 3.1% of respondents thought that these undesirable events
      might be affected by the lack of competence of personnel. Most of the nurses
      (form 75.0% to 84.4%) had a positive attitude toward the patients; however, the
      nursing principles were recognized only by (6.3% to 24.2%) of respondents.
      CONCLUSIONS. Competence of the nurses caring for the patients with mental health
      problems is not at the level required. This may be associated with insufficient
      professional skills, conflict situations with the patients, and the lack of
      acknowledgment of the principles of nursing.

PMID- 19996671
TI  - [Caustic ingestions].
AB  - Caustic ingestions (alkalis, acids) may cause severe chemical burns and lifelong
      complications, which worsen life quality. Approximately 80% of caustic ingestions
      occur in children. They mostly intoxicate because of chemical substances kept
      insecurely or in inappropriate containers. Until now, there is no general opinion
      about diagnostics and management of caustic ingestions. Therefore, the main aim
      of this article is accurately represent diagnostic and treatment options
      believing that this information would help physicians to diagnose caustic
      ingestions easier and faster, to provide emergency management correctly, and to
      avoid acute and chronic complications.

PMID- 19996672
TI  - Epidemiology of mandibular fractures treated at Kaunas University of Medicine
      Hospital, Lithuania.
AB  - Fractures of the mandible are one of the most common maxillofacial injuries.
      Because the pattern and incidence of mandibular fractures vary in different
      countries, there is a need to evaluate aspects of mandibular trauma in
      Lithuania's population. In this retrospective study hospital files of Oral and
      maxillofacial surgery unit of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital were
      examined. The data that we collected included age, gender, hospitalization time,
      trauma mechanism, site of fracture, associated injuries, diagnostic and treatment
      methods. 87.1% of patients were male and they predominated in all age groups with
      a male to female ratio of 6.8:1. The highest incidence of mandibular fractures in
      male patients was in the 16-30 year age group and 31-45 year group for females.
      Interpersonal violence was the main cause of mandibular fractures, followed by
      falls and road traffic accidents. The incidence of falls in the <16 year age
      group was higher than expected. The angle was the most common fracture site
      (34.8%) and 51.7% patients experienced multiple fractures. The mean
      hospitalization time was 7.34+/-9.02 days. 55% of patients required Kirschner
      wire osteosynthesis, open reduction with miniplate osteosynthesis or a
      combination of both methods.

PMID- 19996673
TI  - Use of dental radiography among Lithuanian general dentists.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To gather information about the radiographic facilities and techniques
      used by Lithuanian general dentists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaires were
      sent to all 2879 Lithuanian dental practitioners registered on the Lithuanian
      Dental Chamber licence registry data list. The questionnaire was made with
      multiple-choice answers. Respondents were invited to choose the only one category
      of answer that best fitted their clinical attitude. Questions included in the
      present survey concerned general and specific information regarding peculiarities
      of radiographic imaging. Only answers of respondents who are licensed as general
      dentists were included in this study. RESULTS: From the 2850 questionnaires
      mailed 1532 were returned. The response rate was 53.8%. Of the total responses
      1431 questionnaires were received from licensed general dentists. Of total 956
      dentists practiced in urban and 576 dentists in rural areas. 61.6% of respondents
      had access to an intra-oral radiographic unit in their practice and 91.5% of them
      used dental radiography always or often as the diagnostic tool. To support the
      film packet in the patient's mouth alternatively film holder or patient's finger
      was used by 48% of respondents, while film holder was used only by 19.3% of
      dentists. CONCLUSION: Recently graduated dental practitioners more common used
      diagnostic radiography in endodontic pathology than dentists with a longer time
      from graduation. Film holder was not a popular device among general dental
      practitioners to perform periapical radioraphs. It is important to improve the
      existing dental curriculum to ensure the necessary competency when using dental
      radiography and film holders routinely in clinical practice.

PMID- 19996674
TI  - Reaction of crestal bone around implants depending on mucosal tissue thickness. A
      1-year prospective clinical study.
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this paper was to distinguish what kind of mucosal tissue,
      measured at the top of the crest can be referred to as thin, medium or thick and
      its influence on crestal bone loss around dental implants after a 1-year follow
      up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 64 implants were evaluated in 26 patients. 32
      implants (test group) were placed about 2 mm supracrestally and 32 implants
      (control group) were positioned equal to the bone level. Mucosal tissues at a
      time of implant placement were divided into 3 groups--thin, medium and thick.
      Crestal bone changes were measured at implant placement and after a 1-year follow
      up. RESULTS: Mean bone loss around test implants in thin tissue group (up to 2
      mm) was 1.35 mm+/-0.33 SD, in medium thickness group mean bone loss was 0.32 mm+/
      0.44 SD and 0.12 mm+/-0.16 SD of bone loss was registered in thick tissue group
      (3.1 mm and more). Mean bone loss around control implants in all 3 groups was as
      follows: 1.8 mm+/-0.52 SD in thin, 1.62 mm+/-0.63 SD in medium and 1.55 mm+/-0.47
      SD in thick tissue group. ANOVA analysis showed statistically significant
      differences between 3 groups of thickness, as crestal bone loss around test
      implants is concerned. (F[2,29]=37.3; P=.000). In control implants bone loss did
      not vary between 3 groups of tissue thickness (F[2,29]=0.73; P=.503).
      CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that initial tissue thickness can influence
      crestal bone changes around implants.

PMID- 19996675
TI  - Quality of root canal filling performed by undergraduate students of odontology
      at Kaunas University of Medicine in Lithuania.
AB  - INRODUCTION: High-quality filling of root canals is one of indicators of
      successful endodontic treatment. However, poor-quality of the filling is still a
      common phenomenon in the work of general practitioners. Better training of dental
      students of modern odontology is possible solution of the problem. The aim of
      this study was to evaluate the quality of root canal filling performed by
      undergraduate students in single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth shaped by hand
      stainless-steel or rotary ProTaper instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We
      analyzed 258 post-operative radiographs under illumination and x7 magnification.
      120 (46.5%) root canal were prepared using hand stainless-steel K-files, 138
      (53.5%) using ProTaper rotary instruments. The filling was evaluated as adequate
      when it was located at 0-2 mm below the radiographic apex, under-filled>2 mm
      below the radiographic apex, over-filled, protruded through the radiographic
      apex. The filling homogeneity and condensation were also evaluated. RESULTS: The
      filling height and position in relationship to the radiographic apex showed 84.1%
      were filled adequately, 10.5%--under-filled, 5.42%--over-filled. Homogeneity and
      density in 79.5% was good, in 20.5%--poor. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of root canal
      filling was acceptable, because 84.1% cases were filled adequately. The density
      and homogeneity were statistically reliably better in the canals prepared using
      ProTaper System.

PMID- 19996676
TI  - The factors effecting satisfaction of dental appearance and self-perceived need
      for orthodontic treatment in 10-11 and 14-15 year-old Lithuanian schoolchildren.
AB  - Assessment of need for orthodontic treatment is complex and the opinion about it
      might differ between the orthodontist and children. Personal perception of the
      need for orthodontic treatment may be influenced by a variety of social,
      economical and cultural factors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether
      there is an association between normative and self-perceived orthodontic
      treatment need, and to evaluate the influence of age, gender and socioeconomic
      background on satisfaction of dental appearance and demand for orthodontic
      treatment. The study included 2024 schoolchildren: 1193 (657 girls and 536 boys)
      10-11 year-old and 831 (450 girls, 381 boys) 14-15 year-old. The objective need
      for orthodontic treatment was found to be 42.6 percent while self-perceived need
      35.3 percent among Lithuanian schoolchildren. Girls thought that they needed
      treatment more frequently than boys independent of age and living area.

PMID- 19996677
TI  - Distribution patterns of the members of phylum acidobacteria in global soil
      samples.
AB  - The distribution pattern of the phylum Acidobacteria, a previously uncultured
      bacterial group, was investigated by molecular ecological analyses of global soil
      samples collected from pristine ecosystems across five continents. Acidobacterial
      16S rDNAs were observed in almost all soil samples, and members of acidobacterial
      primer group A were detected in all samples that harbored the phylum
      Acidobacteria. Other primer groups, Y, G, and O, showed limited distribution
      patterns. We further divided the primer groups into acidobacterial subdivisions
      (class-level). Subdivisional distribution patterns were determined by comparing
      the observed T-RFs with theoretical T-RFs predicted by in silico digestion of
      acidobacterial 16S rDNAs. Consistent with the PCR results obtained with subgroup
      specific primers, T-RFLP analyses showed that acidobacterial subdivision 1
      belonging to primer group A was present in the majority of the soil samples. This
      study revealed that the phylum Acidobacteria could be globally distributed. At
      the subdivisional level, acidobacterial subdivision 1 might be the most widely
      distributed group in this phylum, indicating that members of subdivision 1 might
      be adapted to various soil environments, and members belonging to other
      subdivisions might be restricted to certain geographic regions or habitats.

PMID- 19996678
TI  - Operon required for fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus.
AB  - We have used mutational analysis to identify four genes, MXAN3553, MXAN3554,
      MXAN3555, and MXAN3556, constituting an operon that is essential for normal
      fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus. Deletion of MXAN3553, which
      encoded a hypothetical protein, resulted in delayed fruiting body development.
      MXAN3554 was predicted to encode a metallopeptidase, and its deletion caused
      fruiting body formation to fail. Inactivation of MXAN3555, which encoded a
      putative NtrC-type response regulator, resulted in delayed aggregation and a
      severe reduction in sporulation. Fruiting bodies also failed to develop with the
      deletion of MXAN3556, another gene encoding a hypothetical protein.

PMID- 19996679
TI  - Molecular cloning and expression of a novel protease-resistant GH-36 alpha
      galactosidase from Rhizopus sp. F78 ACCC 30795.
AB  - A 2172-bp full-length gene (aga-F78), encoding a protease-resistant alpha
      galactosidase, was cloned from Rhizopus sp. F78 and expressed in Escherichia
      coli. The deduced amino acid sequence shared highest identity (45.0%) with an
      alpha-galactosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 36 from Absidia corymbifera.
      After one step purification with Ni-NTA chelating column, the recombinant Aga-F78
      migrated as a single band of ~82 and ~210 kDa on SDS-PAGE and non-denaturing
      gradient PAGE, respectively, indicating that the native structure of the
      recombinant Aga-F78 was trimer. Exhibiting the similar properties as the
      authentic protein, purified recombinant Aga-F78 was optimally active at 50
      degrees and pH 4.8, highly pH stable over the pH range 5.0-10.0, more resistant
      to some cations and proteases, and had wide substrate specificity (pNPG,
      melidiose, raffinose and stachyose). The recombinant enzyme also showed good
      hydrolytic ability to soybean meal, releasing galactose of 415.58 microng/g
      soybean meal. When combined with trypsin, the enzyme remained over 90%
      degradability to soybean meal. These favorable properties make Aga-F78 a
      potential candidate for applications in the food and feed industries.

PMID- 19996680
TI  - Elucidation of multifaceted evolutionary processes of microorganisms by
      comparative genome-based analysis.
AB  - The evolution of living organisms occurs via a combination of highly complicated
      processes that involve modification of various features such as appearance,
      metabolism and sensing systems. To understand the evolution of life, it is
      necessary to understand how each biological feature has been optimized in
      response to new environmental conditions and interrelated with other features
      through evolution. To accomplish this, we constructed contents-based trees for
      two-component system (TCS) and metabolic network to determine how the
      environmental communication mechanism and the intracellular metabolism have
      evolved, respectively. We then conducted a comparative analysis of the two trees
      using ARACNE to evaluate the evolutionary and functional relationship between TCS
      and metabolism. The results showed that such integrated analysis can give new
      insight into the study of bacterial evolution.

PMID- 19996681
TI  - Structural investigation and homology modeling studies of native and truncated
      forms of alpha-amylases from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
AB  - The filamentous ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is well known for its ability
      to produce a large variety of hydrolytic enzymes for the degradation of plant
      polysaccharide material. Two alpha-amylases designated as ScAmy54 and ScAmy43
      were biochemically characterized and predicted to play an important role in
      starch degradation. Those enzymes produce specific oligosaccharides, essentially
      maltotriose, that have a considerable commercial interest. The primary structures
      of the two enzymes were analyzed by N-terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass
      spectrometry, and cDNA cloning, and implied that the two proteins have the same N
      terminal catalytic domain and ScAmy43 was produced from ScAmy54 by truncation of
      96 amino acids at the carboxyl-terminal region. The result of genomic analysis
      suggested that the two enzymes originated from the same alpha-amylase gene and
      that truncation of ScAmy54 to ScAmy43 occurred probably during the S.
      sclerotiorum cultivation. The structural gene of ScAmy54 consisted of 9 exons and
      8 introns, containing a single 1,500-bp open reading frame encoding 499 amino
      acids including a signal peptide of 21 amino acids. ScAmy54 exhibited high amino
      acid identity to other liquefying fungal alpha-amylases, essentially in the four
      conserved regions and in the putative catalytic triad. A 3D structure model of
      ScAmy54 and ScAmy43 was built using the 3D structure of 2guy from A. niger as
      template. ScAmy54 with three domains A, B, and C, including the well-known
      (beta/alpha)8-barrel motif in domain A, has a typical structure of the alpha
      amylase family. ScAmy43 composed only of domains A and B constitutes a smallest
      fungal alpha-amylase with only a catalytic domain.

PMID- 19996682
TI  - In vitro antioxidant activity of 5-HMF isolated from marine red alga Laurencia
      undulata in free-radical-mediated oxidative systems.
AB  - Marine red algae of genus Laurencia are becoming the most important resources to
      produce unique natural metabolites with wide bioactivities. However, reports
      related to Laurencia undulata, an edible species used as folk herb, are rarely
      found to date. In this research, 5-hydroxymethyl- 2-furfural (5-HMF) was isolated
      and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) from Laurencia undulata as
      well as other marine algae. The following characteristics of 5-HMF were
      systematically evaluated: its antioxidant activities, such as typical free
      radicals scavenging in vitro by electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR) and
      intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging; membrane protein
      oxidation; oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition; as well as
      expressions of antioxidative enzymes glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase
      (SOD) on the gene level, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The
      results demonstrated that 5-HMF could be developed as a novel marine natural
      antioxidant or potential precursor for practical applications in the food,
      cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields.

PMID- 19996683
TI  - Sterols isolated from Nuruk (Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815) inhibit the migration of
      cancer cells.
AB  - An activity-guided fractionation method was used to isolate anticancer components
      from Nuruk (Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815:KSD-815). Dried powder of KSD-815 was
      extracted with 80% methanol and partitioned successively using nhexane, ethyl
      acetate, n-butanol, and water. The n-hexane and n-butanol fractions showed a
      strong antimigratory effect on human cancer cells. Both of these fractions were
      subjected to separation and purification procedures using silica gel, octadecyl
      silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies to afford four purified
      compounds. These were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), stigmast- 5-en
      3beta,7beta-diol (2), ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta,5alpha,6beta,9alpha-tetraol (3),
      and daucosterol (4), respectively, by spectroscopic methods such as nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy,
      and comparison with those in the literature. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from KSD
      815 for the first time. Compounds 1 and 4 inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231
      cells at concentrations lower than 20 micronM.

PMID- 19996684
TI  - Identification of carotenoids from green alga Haematococcus pluvialis by HPLC and
      LC-MS (APCI) and their antioxidant properties.
AB  - Haematococcus pluvialis, a green alga accumulates astaxathin upto 2-3% on dry
      weight basis. In the present study, identification of carotenoids from
      Haematococcus cyst cell extract by HPLC and LC-MS (APCI) and their antioxidant
      properties were evaluated in vitro model systems. The extract exhibited 89% and
      78% antioxidant activity in beta-carotene linoleate model, and hydroxyl radical
      scavenging model at 9 ppm of total carotenoid respectively. The extract also
      showed 80%, 85% and 79% antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation in
      kidney, brain and liver of rats. Low-density lipoprotein oxidation induced by
      Cu2+ ions also protected (45%, 64% and 75%) by the extract in a dose dependent
      manner with different carotenoid levels. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
      concentration in the blood, liver, and kidney of rat was also significantly
      (p<0.005) decreased in H. pluvialis treated rats. Potent antioxidant activity is
      attributable to various carotenoids present in the extract.

PMID- 19996685
TI  - Production, purification and characterization of taxol and 10DAB III from a new
      endophytic fungus Gliocladium sp. isolated from the Indian yew tree, Taxus
      baccata.
AB  - We have isolated endophytic fungi from Indian yew tree, Taxus baccata and then
      screened for taxol production. Out of the forty fungal cultures screened, one
      fungus Gliocladium sp. was found to produce taxol and 10DAB III (10 Deacetyl
      baccatin III). These compounds were purified by TLC, HPLC and characterized using
      UV-Spectroscopy, ESI-MS, MS/MS and proton NMR. One liter of Gliocladium sp.
      culture yielded 10 microg of taxol and 65 microg of 10 DAB III. The purified
      taxol from the fungus showed cytotoxicity towards cancer lines HL-60 (leukemia),
      A431 (epidermal carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast cancer).

PMID- 19996686
TI  - 2'-hydroxylation of genistein enhanced antioxidant and antiproliferative
      activities in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells.
AB  - Bioconversion of the isoflavonoid genistein to 2'- hydroxygenistein (2'-HG) was
      performed using isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase (CYP81E1) heterologously expressed in
      yeast. A monohydroxylated product was analyzed by liquid chromatography
      electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and NMR spectrometry and
      was identified as 2'-HG. An initial bioconversion rate of 6% was increased up to
      14% under optimized conditions. After recovery, the biological activity of 2'-HG
      was evaluated. Bioconverted 2'-HG showed higher antioxidant activity against 1,1-
      diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6
      sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals than did genistein. Furthermore, 2'-HG exhibited
      greater antiproliferative effects in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells than did
      genistein. These results suggest that 2'- hydroxylation of genistein enhanced its
      antioxidant activity and cell cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

PMID- 19996687
TI  - Astaxanthin inhibits H2O2-mediated apoptotic cell death in mouse neural
      progenitor cells via modulation of P38 and MEK signaling pathways.
AB  - In the present study, neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin on H2O2-mediated
      apoptotic cell death using cultured mouse neural progenitor cells (mNPCs) were
      investigated. To cause apoptotic cell death, mNPCs were pretreated with
      astaxanthin for 8 h and followed by treatment of 0.3 mM H2O2. Pretreatment of
      mNPCs with astaxanthin significantly inhibited H2O2-mediated apoptosis and
      induced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In Western blot analysis,
      astaxanthin-pretreated cells showed the activation of p-Akt, p-MEK, p-ERK, and
      Bcl-2, and the reduction of p-P38, p-SAPK/JNK, Bax, p-GSK3beta, cytochrome c,
      caspase-3, and PARP. Because H2O2 triggers caspases activation, this study
      examined whether astaxanthin can inhibit caspases activation in H2O2-treated
      mNPCs. After H2O2 treatment, caspases activities were prominently increased but
      astaxanthin pretreatment significantly inhibited H2O2-mediated caspases
      activation. Astaxanthin pretreatment also significantly recovered ATP production
      ability of H2O2-treated cells. These findings indicate that astaxanthin inhibits
      H2O2-mediated apoptotic features in mNPCs. Inhibition assays with SB203580 (10
      microM, a specific inhibitor of p38) and PD98059 (10 microM, a specific inhibitor
      of MEK) clearly showed that astaxanthin can inhibit H2O2-mediated apoptotic death
      via modulation of p38 and MEK signaling pathways.

PMID- 19996688
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of the cell organelles, lysosomes isolated from egg white.
AB  - Lysosomes as a cell organelle type, are safe biological control agents that may
      be possible replacements for chemical antimicrobial agents because they are
      simply isolated from egg white. In this study, it was found that the lysosomes
      isolated from egg white exhibited pH-dependent antimicrobial activity with the
      optimal activity found at pH 6.0. The efficiency of lysosomes in inhibiting
      bacterial growth and activity was evaluated over a 12-hour treatment period.
      Seven different microorganisms were used as bacterial strains, and the lysosomes
      showed a significant antimicrobial effect against all strains. In addition, the
      antimicrobial activity was maintained for 100 days, and there did not appear to
      be any resistance of E. coli to the lysosomal activity up to eighth culture.
      However, the lysosomes did not affect the viability of mammalian cells,
      suggesting the biocompatibility of lysosomes. These highly effective lysosomes
      have a bright future in the application of novel antimicrobial sources as a cell
      organelle type.

PMID- 19996689
TI  - Continuous production of succinic acid using an external membrane cell recycle
      system.
AB  - Succinic acid was produced by continuous fermentation of Actinobacillus
      succinogenes sp. 130Z in an external membrane cell recycle reactor to improve
      viable cell concentration and productivity. Using this system, cell concentration
      increased to 16.4 g/l at the dilution rate 0.2 h-1, up to 3 times higher than
      that of batch culture, and the volumetric productivity of succinic acid increased
      up to 6.63 g/l/h at the dilution rate 0.5 h-1, 5 times higher than that of batch
      fermentation. However, in the continuous culture using a high dilution rate,
      operational problems including severe membrane fouling and contamination by
      lactic acid producer were observed. Another succinic acid producer, Mannheimia
      succiniciproducens MBEL55E, was also utilized in this system, and the cell
      concentration and productivity of succinic acid at the dilution rate of 0.3 h-1
      were found to be above 3 and 2.3 times higher, respectively, compared with those
      obtained at the dilution rate of 0.1 h-1. These observations give a deep insight
      into the process design for a continuous succinic acid production by
      microorganisms.

PMID- 19996690
TI  - Optimization of capsular polysaccharide production by Streptococcus pneumoniae
      type 3.
AB  - Response surface methodology (RSM) examining the effects of five-level-three
      factors and their mutual interactions was utilized to optimize the fermentation
      conditions to enhance capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production of Streptococcus
      pneumoniae type 3. Twenty experiments conducted in an 8-l lab-scale fermentor
      were designed to assess fermentation pH, supplemented glucose concentration, and
      stirring rate. The predicted highest CPS production by the obtained optimization
      model equation was 256.14 mg/l at optimal conditions [pH 7.5, stirring rate 180
      rpm, and supplemented glucose concentration 1% (w/v)]. The validity of the
      response model was confirmed by the good agreement between the predicted and
      experimental results. The maximum amount of CPS obtained was 255.03+/-2.23 mg/l.

PMID- 19996691
TI  - Kinetic study of organic acid formations and growth of Anaerobiospirillum
      succiniciproducens during continuous cultures.
AB  - Succinic acid-producing Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens was anaerobically
      grown in glucose-fed continuous cultures using glucose as a carbon source, and
      the metabolic flexibility of A. succiniciproducens in response to varying glucose
      concentrations and dilution rates was examined. Both succinic acid (SA) and
      acetic acid (AA) formation was growth-associated, and their growth-rate-related
      coefficients (KSA/X, KAA/X) and nongrowth-rate-related coefficients (K'SA/X,
      K'AA/X) were slightly influenced by glucose concentrations. A high glucose
      concentration (38 g/l) and high growth rate (0.63 h-1) did not induce by-product
      formation.

PMID- 19996692
TI  - Statistical optimization for improved production of cyclosporin a in solid-state
      fermentation.
AB  - This work evaluates the effect of different amino acids on production of CyA
      production in solid-state fermentation that was previously optimized for
      different fermentation parameters by one-factor-at-a-time for the maximum
      production of CyA by Tolypocladium inflatum MTCC 557. Based on the Plackett
      Burman design, glycerol, ammonium sulfate, FeCl3, and inoculum size were selected
      for further optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). After identifying
      effective nutrients, RSM was used to develop mathematical model equations, study
      responses, and establish the optimum concentrations of the key nutrients for
      higher CyA production. It was observed that supplementation of medium containing
      (% w/w) glycerol, 1.53; ammonium sulfate, 0.95; FeCl3, 0.18; and inoculum size
      6.4 ml/5g yielded a maximum of 7,106 mg/kg as compared with 6,480 mg CyA/kg
      substrate using one factor at a time. In the second step, the effect of amino
      acids on the production of CyA was studied. Addition of L-valine and L-leucine in
      combination after 20 h of fermentation resulted in maximum production of 8,166
      mg/kg.

PMID- 19996693
TI  - Purification and characterization of phocaecin PI80: an anti-listerial
      bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus phocae PI80 Isolated from the gut of
      Peneaus indicus (Indian white shrimp).
AB  - A bacteriocin-producing strain PI80 was isolated from the gut of Penaeus indicus
      (Indian white shrimp) and identified as Streptococcus phocae PI80. The
      bacteriocin was purified from a culture supernatant to homogeneity as confirmed
      by Tricine SDS-PAGE. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed a single active
      fraction eluted at 12.94 min, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed the
      molecular mass to be 9.244 kDa. This molecular mass does not correspond to
      previously described streptococcal bacteriocins. The purified bacteriocin was
      named phocaecin PI80 from its producer strain, as this is the first report of
      bacteriocin production by Streptococcus phocae. The bacteriocin exhibited a broad
      spectrum of activity and inhibited important pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes,
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and V. fischeri. The antibacterial substance was also
      sensitive to proteolytic enzymes: trypsin, protease, pepsin, and chymotrypsin,
      yet insensitive to catalase, peroxidase, and diastase, confirming that the
      inhibition was due to a proteinaceous molecule (i.e., the bacteriocin), and not
      due to hydrogen peroxide or diacetyl. Phocaecin PI80 moderately tolerated heat
      treatment (up to 70 degrees for 10 min) and resisted certain solvents (acetone,
      ethanol, and butanol). A massive leakage of K+ ions from E. coli DH5alpha, L.
      monocytogenes, and V. parahaemolyticus was induced by phocaecin PI80, as measured
      by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES). Therefore,
      the results of this study show that phocaecin PI80 may be a useful tool for
      inhibiting L. monocytogenes in seafood products that do not usually undergo
      adequate heat treatment, whereas the cells of Streptococcus phocae PI80 could be
      used to control vibriosis in shrimp farming.

PMID- 19996694
TI  - Effect of recombinant lactobacillus expressing canine GM-CSF on immune function
      in dogs.
AB  - Many Lactobacillus strains have been promoted as good probiotics for the
      prevention and treatment of diseases. We engineered recombinant Lactobacillus
      casei, producing biologically active canine granulocyte macrophage colony
      stimulating factor (cGM-CSF), and investigated its possibility as a good
      probiotic agent for dogs. Expression of the cGM-CSF protein in the recombinant
      Lactobacillus was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting methods. For the in
      vivo study, 18 Beagle puppies of 7 weeks of age were divided into three groups;
      the control group was fed only on a regular diet and the two treatment groups
      were fed on a diet supplemented with either 1 x 10(9) colony forming units
      (CFU)/day of L. casei or L. casei expressing cGM-CSF protein for 7 weeks. Body
      weight was measured, and fecal and blood samples were collected from the dogs
      during the experiment for the measurement of hematology, fecal immunoglobulin
      (Ig)A and IgG, circulating IgA and IgG, and canine corona virus (CCV)-specific
      IgG. There were no differences in body weights among the groups, but monocyte
      counts in hematology and serum IgA were higher in the group receiving L. casei
      expressing cGMCSF than in the other two groups. After the administration of CCV
      vaccine, CCV-specific IgG in serum increased more in the group supplemented with
      L. casei expressing cGM-CSF than the other two groups. This study shows that a
      dietary L. casei expressing cGM-CSF enhances specific immune functions at both
      the mucosal and systemic levels in puppies.

PMID- 19996695
TI  - Influence of growth conditions on plasmid DNA production.
AB  - The obtention of high yields of purified plasmid DNA is viewed as an essential
      issue to be considered towards efficient production of DNA vaccines and
      therapeutic plasmids. In this work, Escherichia coli DH5alpha bearing the pVAX1
      LacZ plasmid was grown in a developed semi-defined medium at different
      temperatures and tryptone concentrations. Analysis of pDNA yields and E. coli
      morphology revealed that at higher temperatures (37 and 40 degrees C), higher
      specific yields and E. coli filamentation were obtained. However, the best
      results were achieved when a lower tryptone concentration was used. This approach
      was shown to be a powerful tool to promote plasmid amplification, keeping the
      desirable plasmid structure, and favoring the attainment of quality. Our results
      suggest that by using tryptone alone as an amino acid source, pDNA amplification
      was improved and a specific yield of 20.43 mg pDNA/g dcw was achieved, proving
      that this strategy can improve pDNA yield even at a small scale.

PMID- 19996696
TI  - Occurrence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination on vegetable farms in
      Malaysia.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic
      Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry
      manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms
      in Malaysia. C. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1%
      and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm
      A and farm B, respectively, when using the MPNPCR method. Campylobacter spp. was
      not found in any of the irrigation water samples tested. Therefore, the present
      results indicate that the aged manure used by farm A was more contaminated than
      the composted manure used by farm B. Mostly, the leafy and root vegetables were
      contaminated. C. coli was not detected in any of the samples tested in the
      current study. Both farms tested in this study were found to be contaminated by
      campylobacters, thereby posing a potential risk for raw vegetable consumption in
      Malaysia. The present results also provide baseline data on Campylobacter
      contamination at the farm level.

PMID- 19996697
TI  - Bioprocess of triphenylmethane dyes decolorization by Pleurotus ostreatus BP
      under solid-state cultivation.
AB  - With an aim to evaluate dye decolorization by white rot fungus on natural living
      conditions, reproducing by solidstate fermentation, the process of
      triphenylmethane dyes decolorization using the white rot fungus P. ostreatus BP,
      cultivated on rice straw solid-state medium, has been demonstrated. Three typical
      dyes, including malachite green, bromophenol blue, and crystal violet, were
      almost completely decolorized by the fungus after 9 days of incubation. During
      the process of dye decolorization, the activities of enzyme secreted by the
      fungus, and the contents of soluble components, such as phenolic compounds,
      protein, and sugar, changed regularly. The fungus could produce ligninolytic,
      cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes and laccase was the most dominant
      enzyme in solid-state medium. Laccase, laccase isoenzyme, and the laccase
      mediator could explain the decolorization of malachite green, bromophenol blue,
      and crystal violet by the fungus in solid medium, respectively. It is worth
      noting that the presence of the water-soluble phenolic compounds could stimulate
      the growth of fungus, enhance the production of laccase, and accelerate dye
      decolorization.

PMID- 19996698
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium,
      Serratia sp. SY5.
AB  - The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the phytoremediation
      of heavy-metal-contaminated soils is important in overcoming its limitations for
      field application. A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Serratia sp. SY5, was
      isolated from the rhizoplane of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) grown in
      petroleum and heavy-metal-contaminated soil. This isolate has shown capacities
      for indole acetic acid production and siderophores synthesis. Compared with a non
      inoculated control, the radicular root growth of Zea mays seedlings inoculated
      with SY5 can be increased by 27- or 15.4-fold in the presence of 15 mg-Cd/l or 15
      mg-Cu/l, respectively. The results from hydroponic cultures showed that
      inoculation of Serratia sp. SY5 had a favorable influence on the initial shoot
      growth and biomass of Zea mays under noncontaminated conditions. However, under
      Cd-contaminated conditions, the inoculation of SY5 significantly increased the
      root biomass of Zea mays. These results indicate that Serratia sp. SY5 can serve
      as a promising microbial inoculant for increased plant growth in heavy-metal
      contaminated soils to improve the phytoremediation efficiency.

PMID- 19996699
TI  - Isolation of an isocarbophos-degrading strain of Arthrobacter sp. scl-2 and
      identification of the degradation pathway.
AB  - Isocarbophos is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide that has caused
      environmental pollution in many areas. However, degradation of isocarbophos by
      pure cultures has not been extensively studied, and the degradation pathway has
      not been determined. In this paper, a highly effective isocarbophos-degrading
      strain, scl-2, was isolated from isocarbophos-polluted soil. Strain scl-2 was
      preliminarily identified as Arthrobacter sp. based on its morphological,
      physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as 16S rDNA analysis. Strain
      scl-2 could utilize isocarbophos as its sole source of carbon and phosphorus for
      growth. One hundred mg/l isocarbophos could be degraded to a nondetectable level
      in 18 h by scl-2 in cell culture, and isofenphos-methyl, profenofos, and phosmet
      could also be degraded. During the degradation of isocarbophos, the metabolites
      isopropyl salicylate, salicylate, and gentisate were detected and identified
      based on MS/MS analysis and their retention times in HPLC. Transformation of
      gentisate to pyruvate and fumarate via maleylpyruvate and fumarylpyruvate was
      detected by assaying for the activities of gentisate 1,2- dioxygenase (GDO) and
      maleylpyruvate isomerase. Therefore, we have identified the degradation pathway
      of isocarbophos in Arthrobacter sp. scl-2 for the first time. This study
      highlights an important potential use of the strain scl-2 for the cleanup of
      environmental contamination by isocarbophos and presents a mechanism of
      isocarbophos metabolism.

PMID- 19996700
TI  - Two novel duck antibacterial peptides, avian beta-defensins 9 and 10, with
      antimicrobial activity.
AB  - Two novel avian beta-defensins (AvBDs) isolated from duck liver were
      characterized and their homologies with other AvBDs were analyzed. They were
      shown to be duck AvBD9 and AvBD10. The mRNA expression of the two genes was
      analyzed in 17 different tissues from 1-28-dayold ducks. AvBD9 was differentially
      expressed in the tissues, with especially high levels of expression in liver,
      kidney, crop, and trachea, whereas AvBD10 was only expressed in the liver and
      kidney of ducks at all the ages investigated. We produced and purified GST-tagged
      recombinant AvBD9 and AvBD10 by expressing the two genes in Escherichia coli.
      Both recombinant proteins exhibited antimicrobial activity against several
      bacterial strains. The results revealed that both recombinant proteins retained
      their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus under a range of
      different temperatures (-70 degrees C -100 degrees C) and pH values (pH 3-12).

PMID- 19996701
TI  - Temperature-dependency urease activity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus is related to
      transcriptional activator UreR.
AB  - Vibrio parahaemolyticus possessing urease-positive property is relatively rare,
      but such strains consistently exhibit the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) gene. In
      this study, we examined the effects of incubation temperature on urease activity
      expression, using the TH3996 and AQ4673 strains where the enzyme activity is
      known to be temperature-dependent and -independent, respectively. In the TH3996
      strain, beta-galactosidase activity was 4.4-fold lower after 30 degrees C
      cultivation than after 37 degrees in a ureR-lacZ fusion strain, but temperature
      dependency was not found in ureD- or nikA-lacZ fusion strains. However, ureR-,
      ureD-, and nikA-lacZ fusions of the AQ4673 strain was not influenced by
      incubation temperature. We compared the promoter sequences of ureR between the
      above two strains. Intriguingly, we detected mismatches of two nucleotides
      between the two strains located at positions -66 and -108 upstream of the
      methionine initiation codon for UreR. Additionally, urease activity was not
      affected by culture temperature at either 30 degrees or 37 degrees by allelic
      introduction of the AQ4673 ureR gene into the TH3996 ureR deletion mutant. Taken
      together, our study demonstrates that the transcriptional factor UreR is involved
      in the temperature dependency of urease activity, and two nucleotides within the
      ureR promoter region are of particular importance for the urease activity
      dependency of V. parahaemolyticus.

PMID- 19996702
TI  - Development of TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method for erm(A),erm(B), and
      erm(C), rapid detection of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance
      genes, from clinical isolates.
AB  - To achieve more accurate and rapid detection of macrolidelincosamide-
      streptogramin B resistance genes, erm(A), erm(B), and erm(C), we developed a
      TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR (Q-PCR) method and compared it with conventional
      PCR (C-PCR), which is the most widely using erm gene identification method. The
      detection limit of Q-PCR was 5 fg of genomic DNA or 5-8 CFU of bacterial cells of
      Staphylococcus aureus. The utilization of Q-PCR might shorten the time to erm
      detection from 3-4 h to about 50 min. These data indicated that Q-PCR assay
      appears to be not only highly sensitive and specific, but also the most rapid
      diagnostic method. Therefore, the appropriate application of the Q-PCR assay will
      permit rapid and accurate identification of erm genes from clinical and other
      samples.

PMID- 19996703
TI  - Direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested PCR detection of influenza viruses
      without RNA purification.
AB  - This paper describes the development a of direct multiplex reverse transcription
      nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, devised for simultaneous detection
      and typing of influenza viruses. This method combines the direct reverse
      transcription reaction without RNA purification with the enhancement of
      sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR. The method successfully detected three
      major human influenza viruses: influenza virus A subtype 1 (H1N1) and subtype 3
      (H3N2), and influenza B virus (B). The minimum number of virus particles (pfu/ml)
      necessary for detection in spiked saliva samples was 200 (H1N1), 140 (H3N2), and
      4.5 (B). The method's sensitivity and simplicity will be convenient for use in
      clinical laboratories for the detection and subtyping of influenza and possibly
      other RNA viruses.

PMID- 19996704
TI  - Detection of virulence-associated genes in clinical isolates of bacillus
      anthracis by multiplex PCR and DNA probes.
AB  - Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, and well recognized
      as a potential agent for bioterrorism. B. anthracis can be identified by
      detecting the virulence factors genes located on two plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2. The
      aim of the present study was to determine the presence of virulence genes in 27
      isolates of B. anthracis isolated from clinical and environmental samples. For
      this purpose, multiplex PCR and DNA probes were designed to detect protective
      antigen ( pag), edema factor (cya), lethal factor (lef ), and capsule (cap)
      genes. Our results indicated that all the isolates contained all the above
      virulence genes, suggesting that the isolates were virulent. To the best our
      knowledge, this is the first study about the determination of virulence marker
      genes in clinical and environmental isolates of B. anthracis using multiplex PCR
      and DNA probes in India. We suggest that the above methods can be useful in
      specific identification of virulent B. anthracis in clinical and environmental
      samples.

PMID- 19996705
TI  - Anti-proliferative effect of polysaccharides from Salicornia herbacea on
      induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.
AB  - In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of polysaccharides
      from Salicornia herbacea on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Crude polysaccharides
      from S. herbacea (CS) were prepared by extraction with hot steam water, and fine
      polysaccharides from S. herbacea (PS) were obtained through further size
      exclusion chromatography. The anti-proliferative effect of CS and PS were
      measured using the MTS assay, apoptosis analysis, cell cycle analysis, and RT
      PCR. HT-29 cells were treated with CS or PS at different dosages (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg
      ml(-1)) for 24 or 48 h. CS and PS inhibited proliferation and stimulated
      apoptosis of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis after
      Annexin V-FITC and PI staining revealed that treatment with CS or PS increased
      total apoptotic death of cells to 24.99% or 91.59%, respectively, in comparison
      with the control (13.51%). PS increased early apoptotic death substantially - up
      to 12 times more than the control. Treatment with CS or PS resulted in a
      concentration-dependent increase of the G2/M cell population of the cell cycle as
      determined by flow cytometry. G2/M arrest was induced significantly with the
      highest concentration (4 mg ml(-1)) of PS. RT-PCR was performed to study the
      correlation between G2/M arrest and transcription of cell cycle control genes.
      The anti-proliferative activity of CS and PS was accompanied by inhibition of
      cyclin B1, and Cdc 2 mRNA. Moreover, both CS and PS induced expression of the p53
      tumor suppressor gene and the Cdk inhibitor p21. These results suggest that
      polysaccharides from S. herbacea have anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer
      cells.

PMID- 19996706
TI  - Neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells cultured on growth factor-loaded
      nanoparticles coated on PLGA microspheres.
AB  - The development of nanotechnology has penetrated the fields of biology and
      medicine, resulting in remarkable applications for tissue regeneration. In order
      to apply this technology to tissue engineering, we have developed nanoscaled 3D
      scaffolds consisting of growth factor-loaded heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles
      (NPs) attached to the surface of polymeric microspheres via polyionic complex
      methods. Growth factor-loaded NPs were simply produced as polyelectrolyte
      complexes with diameters of 100-200 nm. They were then coated onto positively
      charged poly(lacticco- glycolic acid) (PLGA) pretreated with polyethyleneimine to
      enable cell adhesion, proliferation, and stimulation of neurite outgrowth.
      Propidium iodide staining and beta-tubulin analysis revealed that neuronal PC12
      cells proliferated extensively, expressed significant amounts of b-tubulin, and
      showed well-structured neurite outgrowth on polymeric microspheres by stimulation
      with growth factors. These results suggest that cellular adhesion and biological
      functionality on prepared PLGA microspheres enabled terminal differentiation of
      neuronal cells.

PMID- 19996707
TI  - Clinical usefulness in geriatric patients of combining CHADS2 and HEMORR2HAGES
      scores to guide antithrombotic prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Two scores exist to assess the benefits and risks of
      antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: CHADS2 [for
      Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age over 75, Diabetes mellitus; and 2
      points for a history of Stroke] and HEMORR2HAGES [for Hepatic or renal failure,
      Ethanol abuse, Malignancy, Older (age over 75), Reduced platelet count or
      function, 2 points for Rebleeding risk Hypertension (uncontrolled), Anemia,
      Genetic factors, Excessive fall risk (including neurodegenerative and psychiatric
      disorders) and history of Stroke]. The potential value of using both scores
      routinely was studied in order to guide the choice of antithrombotic therapy for
      geriatric patients. METHODS: Retrospective calculation of CHADS2 and HEMORR2HAGES
      scores and discharge treatment were collected for all patients with atrial
      fibrillation during a six-month period. All files were analysed when there were
      differences between therapeutic choices and the results of analysis of combining
      the two scores. RESULTS: 83 patients were identified. Their mean age was 89.2+/
      4.9 years and 30% of them were on oral anticoagulants on discharge. Usual
      prescription habits of oral anticoagulants correlated strongly with each of the
      scores and with the difference between the two scores. The clinical usefulness of
      using the two scores seemed poor since they indicated that two-thirds of the
      patients had a similar risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic events. CONCLUSIONS:
      Based on this preliminary study, the CHADS2 and HEMORR2HAGES scores are
      associated with the prescription of oral anticoagulants, but their routine use
      may not significantly change the choice of antithrombotic therapy for patients
      with atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 19996710
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996708
TI  - Limitations of the past and latest evolutions of home monitoring: arrhythmia
      electrograms transmitted automatically improve the efficacy of remote monitoring.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Telemetric surveillance systems are part of a well-accepted and
      evolving field in the care of cardiac patients. Especially in patients with
      implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), they are well established and their
      usefulness and reliability have been shown in several clinical trials. Currently,
      three generations of Home MonitoringTM (HM, Biotronik GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin,
      Germany) are commercially available. METHODS: This paper presents three cases
      demonstrating the various limitations of the first and second generations of HM
      and the way they can be overcome by the third generation. RESULTS: In the first
      case, atrial flutter was misinterpreted by the device and classified as
      ventricular tachycardia (VT). Thus, in the online IEGM, supraventricular
      tachycardia was identified, and the short IEGM strip and lack of transmitted
      atrial signals of the dual-chamber device necessitated an appointment for ICD
      interrogation, to clarify the diagnosis and propose further treatment. The second
      case is that of a patient in whom a VT was ineffectively treated by anti
      tachycardia pacing (ATP) and continued with longer cycle length, leading to
      syncope. A second-generation HM device with online- IEGM misleadingly appears to
      indicate successful treatment. The third case demonstrates correct detection and
      therapy of a fast VT by an ICD of third-generation HM type. The online IEGM now
      gives all information needed for complete telemetric assessment. CONCLUSIONS:
      Home Monitoring (HM) is a helpful remote surveillance tool for the early
      detection of both arrhythmias and technical problems. As shown, the first two
      generations had limitations which the patient must take into account when using
      the system. These limitations have been overcome in the third generation, making
      Home Monitoring more self-sufficient and reliable.

PMID- 19996711
TI  - EJA 2010: new style, new team, new energy - what we want and what we do not want.

PMID- 19996712
TI  - Neuroinflammation and postoperative cognitive dysfunction: can anaesthesia be
      therapeutic?

PMID- 19996715
TI  - Drinking water hardness and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 19996716
TI  - Rethinking dependent personality disorder: comparing different human relatedness
      in cultural contexts.
AB  - We argue that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders dependent
      personality disorder is a culturally related concept reflecting deeply rooted
      values, beliefs, and assumptions of American individualistic convictions about
      self and interpersonal relationship. This article integrates social psychology
      concepts into the exploration of psychopathology. Beginning with the construct of
      individualism and collectivism, we demonstrate the limitations of this commonly
      used framework. The indigenous Chinese concept of Confucianism and Chinese
      Relationalism is introduced to highlight that a well-differentiated self is not a
      universal premise of human beings, healthy existence. In East Asian Confucianism
      the manifestation of dependence and submission may be considered individuals'
      proper behavior and required for their social obligation, rather than a direct
      display of individuals' personality. Thus, the complexity of dependent
      personality disorder is beyond the neo-Kraepelinian approach assumed by the
      Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders system.

PMID- 19996717
TI  - Theory of mind in borderline and cluster-C personality disorder.
AB  - Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is associated with interpersonal problems,
      such as intense, unstable relationships and fears of abandonment. It has been
      hypothesized that deficits in social cognitive capacities explain these
      difficulties. One important aspect of social cognition is theory of mind (ToM)
      the capacity to infer others' mental state. We tested ToM capacities with Happe's
      advanced ToM-test in 16 BPD patients, 16 Cluster-C PD patient controls, and 28
      nonpatients. Social reasoning (WAIS Picture Arrangement), general intelligence,
      and current mood were also assessed. With and without controlling for
      intelligence, social reasoning, and mood, no evidence for deficits in ToM in BPD
      patients was found. In fact, both Cluster B and Cluster C patient groups tended
      to show generally superior performance to the nonpatients on the subscales of
      Happe ToM-test. All tests correlated similarly with intelligence in the 3 groups.
      These findings do not support the hypothesis that BPD patients have inferior
      theory of mind capacities.

PMID- 19996718
TI  - Emotional reactions to standardized stimuli in women with borderline personality
      disorder: stronger negative affect, but no differences in reactivity.
AB  - Emotional dysregulation is hypothesized to be a core feature of borderline
      personality disorder (BPD). In this study, we investigated the course of emotions
      in response to standardized emotion inductions in BPD. A total of 26 female BPD
      patients, 28 matched healthy control subjects, and 15 female patients with major
      depressive disorder listened to short stories inducing an angry, joyful, or
      neutral mood. Before and immediately after each story as well as 3 and 6 minutes
      later, participants rated their current anger, joy, anxiety, shame, and sadness.
      All 3 groups showed the same increase and decrease of emotions. However, strong
      group differences in the general level of all negative emotions occurred. While
      sadness was stronger both in BPD and major depressive disorder as compared with
      healthy controls, all other negative emotions were significantly increased in BPD
      only independent of comorbid depression. Extreme negative affectivity may be a
      more appropriate description of BPD-related emotional problems than emotional
      hyperreactivity.

PMID- 19996719
TI  - The relationship between self-reported attachment styles, interpersonal
      dysfunction, and borderline personality disorder.
AB  - Clinical theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) identify attachment
      insecurity as the basis of its characteristic disturbed interpersonal
      functioning. The purpose of this study was to compare attachment ratings in
      rigorously diagnosed BPD, depressed (MDD), and nonborderline comparison groups
      and their correlations to features of interpersonal disturbance. Subjects self
      reported ratings on attachment styles using the relationship questionnaire. BPD
      subjects reported higher scores on both preoccupied and fearful attachment styles
      than both MDD and nonborderline comparison groups. A mixed model of preoccupied
      and fearful attachment was more prevalent in the BPD group and was associated
      with 3 to 20 times greater risk for diagnosis of BPD. Scores on preoccupied and
      fearful attachment styles were correlated with features of interpersonal
      disturbance in BPD. A combination of preoccupied and fearful self-reported
      attachment styles is more specific to BPD than either style alone or attachment
      insecurity in general.

PMID- 19996720
TI  - Use of integrated dual disorder treatment via assertive community treatment
      versus clinical case management for persons with co-occurring disorders and
      antisocial personality disorder.
AB  - We conducted secondary analyses of data from a randomized trial testing the
      effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) in delivery of integrated
      dual disorder treatment (IDDT) to explore the impact of IDDT delivered through
      ACT teams compared with standard clinical case management for dually-disordered
      persons with and without antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). This analysis
      included 36 individuals with ASPD and 88 individuals without ASPD. Participants
      with ASPD assigned to ACT showed a significantly greater reduction in alcohol use
      and were less likely to go to jail than those in standard clinical case
      management, whereas participants without ASPD did not differ between the 2 case
      management approaches. There were no significant differences for other substance
      use or criminal justice outcomes. This study provides preliminary evidence that
      persons with co-occurring serious mental illness, substance use disorders, and
      ASPD may benefit from delivery of IDDT through ACT teams.

PMID- 19996721
TI  - Stressful life events and depressive symptoms: influences of gender, event
      severity, and depression history.
AB  - Informed by Post's (1992) kindling hypothesis, the study examined the association
      between depressive symptoms and varying levels of perceived life events as
      determined by respondents, as well as the moderating role of depression history
      and gender. Severe life events were significantly associated with current
      depressive symptoms among never depressed women but not among women with
      depression history. Such a moderating role of depression history was not observed
      among men where severe life events were associated with current depressive
      symptoms in men regardless of depression history. No moderating effects of gender
      and depression history were obtained for mild and moderate life events, but these
      events were significantly associated with current depressive symptoms. These
      results support Post's kindling hypothesis for severe life events but not for
      mild or moderate life events, and further only in women.

PMID- 19996722
TI  - Differentiation of depression and anxiety groups using defense mechanisms.
AB  - We examined whether participants in depressed and anxious groups could be
      classified correctly using observer and self-report measures of defense
      mechanisms. A sample of 1182 university students completed the Personality
      Assessment Inventory and those scoring in the clinical range on either depression
      or anxiety indices were selected for participation. In total, 25 participants met
      criteria for the depressed group and 94 met criteria for the anxious group.
      Individual defense scores from the Defense-Q and the Defense Style Questionnaire
      were separately entered into 2 stepwise discriminant analyses. After cross
      validation, the Defense-Q and Defense Style Questionnaire analyses classified
      participants with 75.0% and 71.3% accuracy, respectively. The results indicated
      that depression and anxiety groups can be significantly differentiated by defense
      use alone. Important differences in defensive functioning between these groups
      were confirmed and differences between observer and self-report measures of
      defenses mechanisms and current challenges in defense research were highlighted.

PMID- 19996723
TI  - Postpsychotic posttraumatic stress disorder: associations with fear of recurrence
      and intolerance of uncertainty.
AB  - Experiencing psychosis can be sufficiently distressing to precipitate symptoms of
      postpsychotic posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD). The current research
      sought to investigate potential associations that PP-PTSD had with the Fear of
      Recurrence Scale and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Twenty-seven
      individuals diagnosed with DSM-IV Schizophrenia and adjudged to be distressed by
      their experience of psychosis were recruited by referral to the study. The
      Clinician Administered PTSD Scale was used to assess participants for PP-PTSD.
      Clinical rating scales (PANSS, HADS, and IES-R) and measures assessing appraisals
      of paranoia and hallucinatory voices (BAPS and IVI) were also employed. The
      prevalence rate of PP-PTSD in the sample was 37%. PP-PTSD caseness was associated
      with being fearful about psychosis recurring, being intolerant of uncertainty,
      and making negative appraisals of paranoia. Logistical regression analyses
      indicated that fear of recurrence was a significant predictor of PP-PTSD
      caseness. The implications of these results for understanding how fear and worry
      processes might influence emotional adaptation following psychosis are discussed.

PMID- 19996724
TI  - Attentional bias and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after
      burn injury.
AB  - Trauma-related attentional bias is suggested to play a role in maintaining
      posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although being burn injured is a traumatic
      event for many patients, there are no prospective studies investigating
      attentional bias. The aims were to assess burn-specific attentional bias 1 year
      after burn, and its associations with risk factors for PTSD and symptoms of PTSD.
      A total of 38 adult patients with burns were assessed with a structured clinical
      interview and a Swedish version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised up to 1-year
      after burn. The Emotional Stroop Task was used to assess attentional bias 1 year
      after burn. In total 29 participants displayed burn-specific attentional bias.
      This group had more previous life events, perceived life threat, larger burns,
      and higher PTSD symptom severity. In conclusion, the majority of the patients had
      burn-specific attentional bias 1 year after burn and this was related to symptoms
      of PTSD.

PMID- 19996725
TI  - Childhood maltreatment and threats with weapons.
AB  - The relationship between childhood maltreatment and future threats with weapons
      is unknown. We examined data from the nationally representative National
      Comorbidity Survey Replication (n = 5692) and conducted multiple logistic
      regression analyses to determine the association between childhood maltreatment
      and lifetime behavior of threatening others with a gun or other weapon. After
      adjusting for sociodemographic variables, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and
      witnessing domestic violence were significantly associated with threats made with
      a gun (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] ranging between 3.38 and 4.07) and other
      weapons (AOR ranging between 2.16 and 2.83). The greater the number of types of
      maltreatment experienced, the stronger the association with lifetime threats made
      to others with guns and any weapons. Over 94% of respondents who experienced
      maltreatment and made threats reported that the maltreatment occurred prior to
      threatening others with weapons. Prevention efforts that reduce exposure to
      maltreatment may reduce violent behavior in later life.

PMID- 19996726
TI  - Integrated group therapy for a heterogeneous outpatient sample.
AB  - This pilot study examined the effects of an innovative 12-week integrated group
      therapy program for a diagnostically heterogeneous sample of psychiatric
      outpatients. The study also investigated whether locus of control could predict
      outcome. The sample consisted of 52 patients who completed treatment. Patients
      demonstrated statistically significant change on all outcome variables. Effect
      sizes indicated moderate to large changes on all but one outcome variable. About
      50% and 25% of patients made clinically significant and reliable change on
      measures of depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. Chance locus of
      control was inversely associated with improvement. These preliminary findings
      suggest that a relatively short, but intense and integrated group therapy program
      may be effective for mixed outpatient samples. Patients who believe that their
      health is largely affected by chance are less likely to benefit from treatment.
      Clinical services with limited resources should consider offering an inclusive,
      comprehensive group therapy program.

PMID- 19996727
TI  - A preliminary controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy in clozapine
      resistant schizophrenia.
AB  - The use of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) in addition to antipsychotic regimen
      to treat persistent psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia is growing. The aim of
      this study was to compare the efficacy of CBT to a befriending (BF) control group
      in patients with schizophrenia who are refractory to clozapine. Twenty-one
      patients completed the 21-week trial. In comparison with the control group, the
      CBT group showed a significant improvement in the General Psychopathology and
      total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, as well as an
      improvement of Quality of Life scale. The improvement in psychopathology
      persisted at 6-month follow-up assessment.

PMID- 19996728
TI  - Contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with renal dysfunction
      undergoing a coronary procedure and receiving non-ionic low-osmolar versus iso
      osmolar contrast media.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although the superiority of low-osmolar over high-osmolar contrast
      agents in prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is
      generally accepted, the relative nephrotoxicity of iso-osmolar over low-osmolar
      agents has not yet clearly defined. We examined the incidence of CI-AKI according
      to the type of contrast agent used in a randomized study of ascorbic acid for CI
      AKI prevention. METHODS: A total of 222 patients with baseline serum creatinine
      >or=1.2 mg/dL who were undergoing a coronary procedure and who were randomized to
      receive ascorbic acid or placebo were evaluated. The iso-osmolar agent iodixanol
      was used in 144 patients, whereas low-osmolar non-ionic agents were used in 78
      patients (iomeprol, n = 40; iobitridol, n = 30; iopentol, n = 8). CI-AKI was
      defined by an absolute serum creatinine increase of >or=0.5 mg/dL or a relative
      increase of >or=25% measured 2 to 5 days after the procedure. RESULTS: The groups
      of patients who received iso-osmolar and low-osmolar non-ionic agents were well
      balanced in terms of demographic, clinical, and procedural characteristics. The
      overall CI-AKI incidence was 14.6% for the iso-osmolar iodixanol versus 14.1% for
      the combined low-osmolar non-ionic agents (iomeprol, 10%; iobitridol, 10%;
      iopentol, 50%). For iodixanol, the incidence of CI-AKI was 7.4% for patients
      randomized to receive ascorbic acid and 21.6% for placebo (P = 0.02). The
      corresponding incidences for the low-osmolar non-ionic agents were 9.1% and
      20.6%, respectively (P = 0.19). CONCLUSION: No differences in CI-AKI incidence
      were apparent among patients receiving non-ionic iso-osmolar iodixanol and non
      ionic low-osmolar contrast agents. The preventative effect of ascorbic acid was
      also similar.

PMID- 19996729
TI  - Acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplasia secondary to breast cancer
      treatment: case studies and literature review.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for breast cancer are
      known to increase the risk of developing a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or
      acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Alkylating agents and topoisomerase II
      inhibitors, fundamental to the treatment of breast cancer, are the most likely
      contributors to this increase in risk. Radiation therapy adds to the risk, and
      there is speculation that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) may also
      predispose to leukemia. The purpose of this systemic review is to bring to the
      attention of family physicians the unintended consequence of leukemia secondary
      to aggressively treated breast cancer. METHODS: The medical records of several
      patients from Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, with previously treated
      breast cancer admitted for therapy for AML or myelodysplasia, were reviewed. In
      addition, the recent literature on this topic was reviewed. RESULTS: Cases of
      patients whose AML was likely secondary to their treatment for breast cancer were
      used to illustrate the role of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and perhaps G-CSF
      in the development of leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
      administered for breast cancer predispose patients to the development of MDS or
      AML. We hypothesize that the breast cancer (BRCA) gene mutations might add to the
      risk and that primary care physicians must be aware of the long-term risks of
      cytotoxic therapy, including the development of MDS or AML.

PMID- 19996730
TI  - Small cell lung cancer: are we making progress?
AB  - Although the incidence of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has declined during the
      past 30 years, it remains a significant cause of cancer mortality in the United
      States and across the world. With appropriate treatment, about 20% of patients
      who present with limited stage SCLC can be cured of their disease. Unfortunately,
      the outcome for the remainder of patients is extremely poor. The only significant
      advance in extensive stage SCLC in the past 2 decades is the recent discovery
      that prophylactic cranial irradiation improves survival in those patients whose
      disease has responded to initial chemotherapy. Numerous attempts to enhance the
      antitumor effects of traditional chemotherapy for SCLC have not been successful.
      As the understanding of the biology of SCLC increased, a number of rational
      molecular targets for therapy have been identified. Although initial attempts at
      "targeted therapy" in SCLC have been unsuccessful, several newly identified
      targets hold promise and give hope that significant improvements in therapy for
      this challenging disease are not far away.

PMID- 19996731
TI  - Prognostic significance of serum uric acid in patients admitted to the Department
      of Medicine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia has been linked to proatherogenic processes, including
      increased oxidative stress and leukocyte activation, and was shown to predict
      adverse prognosis in heart failure, renal failure, and hypertension. Recently,
      serum uric acid (SUA) was shown to be an independent predictor of long-term
      mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the prognostic
      significance of SUA for the short-term outcome of admitted medical patients is
      unknown. METHODS: Initial SUA, together with epidemiological, clinical, and
      laboratory data, was analyzed for a prospective cohort of 650 consecutive adult
      patients admitted to the department of internal medicine during a 3-month period.
      RESULTS: The mean, median, and range of SUA at admission were 6.1 +/- 2.7, 5.6,
      and 1.2 to 24 mg/dL, respectively. Increased SUA was significantly correlated
      with age, gender, comorbidities (coronary heart disease, heart failure,
      hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, and gout), use of diuretics, and current
      admission for cardiovascular diseases but not with current diagnosis of
      infection, malignancy, or inflammatory diseases, nor with C-reactive protein.
      However, SUA significantly correlated with mortality (7.7 versus 6 mg/L, P <
      0.025) and was an independent predictor of mortality in a multivariate regression
      analysis (odds ratio: 1.11; confidence interval: 1.003-1.218; P = 0.04), with a
      significant difference in mortality between normal SUA (<6 mg/dL) with 5%
      mortality and high SUA (>12 mg/dL) with 27% mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Initial SUA
      is an independent predictor of mortality in admitted medical patients. Whether
      significant asymptomatic hyperuricemia should be treated remains to be determined
      in further studies.

PMID- 19996732
TI  - Do not put money where your mouth is!
AB  - A 60-year-old woman presented with repolarization disorders on the
      electrocardiogram after a generalized seizure, which immediately disappeared
      after vomiting up a 20-eurocent coin. We did not find any evidence of coronary
      artery disease. Multislice computed tomography demonstrated no coronary
      atherosclerotic stenosis but a close relationship of the esophagus with the
      coronary arteries. This relation was further studied in detail in a human
      cadaver. From our findings, it is most likely that the electrocardiogram
      alterations were due to compression of the ramus descendens posterior of the
      right coronary artery and/or the ramus circumflexus of the left coronary artery
      by the coin.

PMID- 19996733
TI  - Efficacy of short-course, low-dose corticosteroid therapy for acute pulmonary
      sarcoidosis exacerbations.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although corticosteroids are the drug of choice for acute
      exacerbations of pulmonary sarcoidosis, the dose and duration of therapy is not
      standardized. We reviewed the short-term treatment outcome (median duration = 21
      days) of 36 patients with acute exacerbations of pulmonary sarcoidosis using low
      dose corticosteroid therapy (20 mg or less of daily prednisone equivalent). To
      the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest period of time over which the
      treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis with corticosteroids has been assessed.
      METHODS: Patients were identified retrospectively from an institution-approved
      database. Patient symptoms and spirometry were obtained from chart review.
      Additional clinical data were obtained from chart and database review. RESULTS:
      Follow-up visits occurred a median of 21 days after the date of the exacerbation
      (mean 25 +/- 3 standard error of mean). The average prednisone dose was 19 mg +/-
      0.4 standard error of mean. Patients had significant improvement in spirometry on
      this low-dose treatment regimen by the time of their short-term follow-up (forced
      vital capacity percent predicted improved from 68 to 82 [P < 0.0001] and was not
      significantly different from baseline; forced expiratory volume in 1 second
      percent predicted improved from 57 to 72 [P < 0.0001] and was not significantly
      different from baseline). Pulmonary symptoms also improved. CONCLUSIONS:
      Treatment of acute exacerbations of pulmonary sarcoidosis with 20 mg prednisone
      for a median of 21 days improved spirometry back to baseline and improved
      clinical symptoms. These data suggest that this corticosteroid dose can be safely
      used initially, and an attempt at tapering can be considered within the first
      month.

PMID- 19996734
TI  - Giant inguinoscrotal hernia as a cause of hydronephrosis.

PMID- 19996735
TI  - 'Crommelin-type' symmetrical tetramelic reduction deformity: a new case and
      breakpoint mapping of a reported case with de-novo t(2;12)(p25.1;q23.3).
AB  - We report a male fetus with symmetrical peromelic reduction of the upper limbs
      (missing distal, mesial and proximal elements) and symmetrical phocomelic
      reduction of the lower limbs (missing proximal and mesial elements) without other
      major malformations. We identified 11 previously reported cases with very similar
      features and have named this entity 'Crommelin-type' symmetrical tetramelic
      reduction deformity. Interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization on isolated
      nuclei from paraffin-embedded tissue was used to map the breakpoints in a
      previously reported case with a de-novo t(2;12)(p25.1;q23.3). The 2p25.1
      breakpoint disrupted ROCK2, encoding Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing
      protein kinase. The 12q23.3 breakpoint maps 0-25 kb 5 of CMKLR1, encoding
      chemokine-like receptor 1. Homozygous loss-of-function of either gene causes no
      major limb effect in mouse embryos. However, Cmklr1 shows both site-specific and
      stage-specific expression in mouse limb buds, but no mutations were identified in
      CMKLR1 or a nearby putative cis-regulatory region in the new case. We cannot
      assign a specific genetic mechanism in the translocation case but developmental
      disregulation of gene expression at one, or both, breakpoints may provide an
      explanation for the phenotype.

PMID- 19996736
TI  - A new case of MOMO syndrome.
AB  - MOMO syndrome, a condition described in three earlier patients, is a
      constellation of macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, and ocular abnormalities as
      the main findings. We report a 6-year-old child with these findings as well as
      significant developmental issues, delayed bone age, clavicular pseudoarthrosis,
      and straight femurs. We believe that this child should be considered as having
      MOMO syndrome. Careful consideration of his facial features shows some overlap
      with Kabuki syndrome. Description of this case may help to better elucidate the
      clinical features of MOMO syndrome.

PMID- 19996737
TI  - Association between plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine activity and saphenous
      vein graft disease in patients with coronary bypass.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Coronary vein graft disease is an important contributor to the
      morbidity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Graft occlusion is a
      serious complication, which limits the use of the saphenous vein as a coronary
      bypass conduit. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor
      of nitric oxide synthase and it reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide and
      begets endothelial dysfunction. The goal of this study was to examine the
      association between plasma ADMA activity and saphenous vein graft disease.
      METHODS: One hundred and three patients were enrolled in this study. Group 1
      consisted of 42 patients (13 female, 29 male) who had diseased saphenous vein
      grafts and group 2 consisted of 61 patients (10 female, 51 male) with nondiseased
      saphenous vein grafts. ADMA activity was measured by the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: Mean ADMA activity in group 1 was significantly
      higher than in group 2 (2.0+/-0.6 vs. 1.1+/-0.5 micromol/l, P<0.001,
      respectively). Mean platelet volume was also significantly higher in group 1 than
      in group 2 (8.7+/-1.5 vs. 8.2+/-0.6 fl, P=0.03, respectively). In a multivariate
      linear regression analysis, ADMA activity (beta=2.902, P<0.001) and mean platelet
      volume (beta=0.595, P=0.03) were found to be independent predictors of saphenous
      vein graft disease. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that ADMA activity was higher
      in patients with saphenous vein graft disease. Increased ADMA activity might lead
      to the acceleration of saphenous vein graft disease. ADMA may be a precious
      marker for detecting late saphenous vein graft patency.

PMID- 19996738
TI  - The role of rhinovirus infections in the development of early childhood asthma.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the role of human rhinoviruses (HRVs) in early
      childhood wheezing illnesses and how HRVs contribute to the development of
      childhood asthma. RECENT FINDINGS: Advanced molecular diagnostics have identified
      HRVs as pathogens frequently causing wheezing illnesses in infants and young
      children. Wheezing during HRV infection in early life identifies children at
      particularly high-risk of asthma development. Plausible mechanisms by which HRV
      could cause airway damage, promote airway remodeling, and lead to asthma
      development have recently been identified. SUMMARY: HRV is a significant source
      of morbidity in infants and young children. The present review identifies
      mechanisms by which HRV lower respiratory tract infection, particularly in a
      susceptible host, could promote the development of childhood asthma. Further
      studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the link between HRV
      wheezing in early childhood and subsequent asthma development, with the critical
      goal of identifying novel therapeutic and prevention strategies for both early
      childhood wheezing and asthma.

PMID- 19996739
TI  - Signaling pathways critical for allergic airway inflammation.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Activated mast cells, basophils, and CD4 helper T cells have
      critical roles in allergic inflammation. Therefore, devising ways to specifically
      inhibit these cells will likely be useful for controlling allergic inflammation.
      We summarize recent findings regarding the role of mast cells and basophils in
      allergic responses and the regulation of signaling pathways downstream of the IgE
      receptor, the chief inducer of mast cell and basophil activation. We also
      highlight studies addressing the roles of the protein tyrosine kinases Zap-70 and
      Itk in immune system development and in the regulation of CD4 helper T cell
      responses. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent work has demonstrated that mast cell function
      is unexpectedly diverse and that basophils have a more prominent role in Th2-type
      immune responses than previously appreciated. Biochemical analysis of the IgE
      receptor signaling pathway has led to insights regarding the roles of
      phosphatases and other enzymes in this process. Studies of Zap-70 and Itk have
      helped to define the potential outcomes and complications of inhibiting these
      enzymes in order to suppress allergic inflammation. SUMMARY: Analysis of
      genetically engineered mice and biochemical studies continue to help unravel the
      molecular pathways that drive allergic inflammatory reactions. The knowledge
      acquired may lead to novel approaches for suppressing allergic inflammation.

PMID- 19996740
TI  - Interrupting the cough reflex in asthma.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although cough is one of the defining symptoms of asthma,
      wheeze, chest tightness and breathlessness have generally received more
      attention. The impact of coughing for patients may be more important than
      currently appreciated and has been rated more troublesome than wheeze, chest
      tightness or disturbance of sleep. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies objectively measuring
      cough in asthma reveal that cough frequencies vary from those similar to healthy
      volunteers to cough counts comparable to patients presenting with chronic cough,
      but the potential triggers for cough in asthma are poorly understood. This review
      discusses our current knowledge of cough in asthma, potential mechanisms that may
      provoke coughing, the effect of current treatments and possible future
      therapeutics. SUMMARY: Cough in some asthma patients is a significant problem,
      deserving further attention in both clinical practice and clinical research.

PMID- 19996741
TI  - Abdominal compartment syndrome in trauma resuscitation.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Swelling is inexorably linked to shock and resuscitation in
      trauma. In many forms, swelling complicates and interacts with traumatic injury
      to raise pressures in the abdomen, resulting in intraabdominal hypertension,
      which may overtly manifest as abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) driving
      multiple organ failure. Despite renewed clinical interest in posttraumatic
      intraabdominal pressure, there remains a chiasm between knowledge of the risks
      and clinical interventions to mitigate them. This review provides a concise
      overview of definitions, risk factors, diagnosis and management using an
      illustrative trauma case. RECENT FINDINGS: Intraabdominal pressure commonly
      increases following trauma, wherein ACS may manifest earlier than generally
      appreciated and complicate other insults such as shock and hemorrhage.
      Contemporary resuscitation strategies may exacerbate intraabdominal hypertension,
      particularly massive crystalloid resuscitation. Although unproven, the recent
      transition to crystalloid restriction and high plasma resuscitation strategies
      may influence the prevalence of ACS. Nonetheless, aggressive intraabdominal
      pressure monitoring should be mandatory in the critically ill. Despite potential
      nonoperative options, decompressive laparotomy remains the only definitive but
      often morbid treatment. SUMMARY: ACS results from many dysfunctions acting in
      concert with each other in self-propagating vicious cycles. Starting with greater
      awareness, it is imperative that the growing knowledge should be translated into
      clinical practice.

PMID- 19996742
TI  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cardiac surgery.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an important,
      increasingly recognized antibody-mediated complication of heparin therapy
      occurring in approximately 0.5-5% of patients receiving heparin for at least 5
      days. HIT is a prothrombotic disorder that typically presents with a 50% platelet
      count drop, thrombotic event manifesting usually 5-14 days after starting
      heparin, or both. HIT antibodies usually decrease to negative titers/levels
      within 3 months. When there is clinical suspicion of HIT, heparin should be
      discontinued and alternative anticoagulation should be considered, as well as
      laboratory evaluation for HIT. RECENT FINDINGS: HIT immunoassay results should be
      used for clinical decision-making about initial anticoagulation management.
      Recent data reevaluate the importance of absolute titers of HIT antibodies as a
      risk factor for clinical occurrence. Although laboratory assays are routinely
      used, current data suggest that increasing optical densities are more likely
      associated with a positive 14C-serotonin release assay and HIT. HIT is also
      associated with a greater risk for adverse events, so even though alternative
      anticoagulation is used, clinicians should be aware of this hypercoagulable
      syndrome. SUMMARY: For patients with HIT, alternative anticoagulation is
      available, but for cardiovascular surgery, if the operation cannot be delayed
      until HIT antibodies have become negative, alternative anticoagulation strategies
      are recommended, although patients with HIT are at a greater risk for adverse
      outcomes.

PMID- 19996743
TI  - Nutrition and clinical outcome in intensive care patients.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the setting of ICU, the characteristics of patients have
      changed during the last decade. Patients are older, frequently overweight or
      obese, present with more chronic diseases and undernutrition. These conditions
      are characterized by reduced muscle mass and vulnerable homeostasis. This review
      sustains the hypothesis that an early and optimal nutritional support, combining
      enteral and parenteral nutrition, could improve the clinical outcome of ICU
      patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The combination of stress and undernutrition observed
      in the ICUs is associated with negative energy balance, which leads to lean body
      mass loss. Catabolism of lean body mass has been repeatedly associated with a
      worsening of the clinical outcome, increased length of hospital stay, recovery
      and healthcare costs. Early enteral nutrition is the recommended feeding route in
      ICU patients, but it is often unable to fully cover the nutritional needs.
      Parenteral nutrition is recommended if enteral nutrition is not feasible.
      SUMMARY: It is hypothesized that supplemental parenteral nutrition, together with
      insufficient enteral nutrition, could optimize the nutritional therapy by
      preventing the onset of early energy deficiency, and thus, could allow to reduce
      the side-effects of undernutrition and promote better chances of recovery after
      the ICU stay.

PMID- 19996745
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa: a current perspective.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent
      published literature on HIV/AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We
      attempted to update readers on the epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus
      infection and HIV Kaposi's sarcoma in SSA, as well as clinical features, therapy
      and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with HIV Kaposi's
      sarcoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Seroprevalence rates of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus
      differ across SSA; it is low in South African children as compared to endemic
      areas like Uganda. The major route of transmission in SSA is horizontal rather
      than sexual. The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma has increased exponentially with
      the HIV/AIDS pandemic with a shift in trend demonstrating a dramatic increase in
      females and occurrence in younger individuals. Kaposi's sarcoma specific therapy
      is underutilized due to poor access to highly active antiretroviral therapy and
      financial constraints in SSA. As highly active antiretroviral therapy becomes
      available, clinicians treating HIV/AIDS in SSA need to have a high index of
      suspicion of Kaposi's sarcoma immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome events.
      SUMMARY: Kaposi's sarcoma is a public health concern in SSA. More studies
      appropriate to therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma in resource-poor environments like
      SSA are imperative. We are hopeful that with the increased availability of highly
      active antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of HIV Kaposi's sarcoma will
      decrease and management will improve, as it has in the West.

PMID- 19996746
TI  - Respiratory infection in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We highlight some of the main developments in the
      investigation and management of bronchiectasis, a condition causing
      susceptibility to airway infections and in more severe cases chronic bronchial
      suppuration. RECENT FINDINGS: Chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      poor lung function adversely influence long-term prognosis. Investigation of the
      underlying cause of bronchiectasis leads to additional therapy in a higher
      proportion of patients than previously thought. Based on current data, inhaled
      corticosteroid cannot be recommended for routine use in patients with
      bronchiectasis. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections have been associated with
      both aspergillus and gastrooesophageal reflux. There is new evidence supporting
      the practice of regular chest physiotherapy. SUMMARY: Despite some improvement in
      the evidence-based guide to management in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis,
      there remains a serious lack of randomized controlled trials directing therapy.

PMID- 19996744
TI  - Fatty acid interactions with genetic polymorphisms for cardiovascular disease.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The number of studies investigating interactions between genes
      and nutrients for cardiovascular disease continues to grow, and holds tremendous
      potential for reducing disease risk at the level of the individual genotype.
      However, understanding the limitations and challenges of interaction studies,
      whether of observational or interventional design, is essential for critical
      evaluation of these studies. RECENT FINDINGS: Nutrient-gene interactions for
      cardiovascular disease both parallel and extend nutrition studies, encompassing
      both traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors. Fatty acid quality, lipid
      metabolism, inflammation, postprandial metabolism, fatty liver and macronutrient
      gene interactions for obesity and metabolic syndrome represent a subset of the
      major areas of recent focus. With few exceptions, however, studies of gene
      nutrient interactions are limited to a single population. SUMMARY: Gene-nutrient
      research will continue to expand as genome-wide association studies uncover new
      sources of genetic variability associated with cardiovascular risk. However, in
      addition to investigation of newly discovered variants, continuing efforts must
      focus on the confirmation of previously reported genetic associations and
      interactions in additional populations.

PMID- 19996747
TI  - Cohort studies: to what extent can they inform treatment guidelines?
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examines situations in which information from
      cohort studies has proved to be useful for the development of treatment
      guidelines. RECENT FINDINGS: Although there are several reasons why randomized
      controlled trials (RCTs) are felt to provide the most robust evidence for
      treatment guidelines, they may suffer from insufficient duration of follow-up,
      inadequate power to consider differences in important adverse events and highly
      selected patient populations. Furthermore, as most RCTs are performed for
      licensing purposes, strategic treatment decisions often lack supportive evidence
      from RCTs. Although data from cohort studies may be used to complement
      information from RCTs, cohort studies themselves are susceptible to several
      biases (most notably confounding) which may limit their findings. However, in the
      HIV field, information from such studies has been influential in guiding
      decisions relating to when to start highly active antiretroviral therapy, what
      drugs to use in the initial highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen and when
      to switch highly active antiretroviral therapy should virological failure occur.
      SUMMARY: Given the biases that may be present, caution should be exercised when
      interpreting findings from cohort studies, particularly if comparisons are made
      of treatment strategies that involve some element of patient or clinician choice.

PMID- 19996748
TI  - Abacavir and cardiovascular risk.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on current studies addressing the
      association of abacavir (ABC) therapy and myocardial risk in HIV-infected
      patients, discusses potential pathogenetic mechanisms, and suggests a preliminary
      algorithm for decision making regarding ABC therapy in daily clinical practise.
      RECENT FINDINGS: The D:A:D study was the first to reveal an increased rate of
      myocardial infarction in patients recently treated with ABC. Subsequent analyses
      of both cohort studies as well as prospective randomized clinical trials largely
      confirmed this association. Although these studies varied considerably by design
      and their ability to control for confounders, they provide early support that ABC
      therapy can increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of
      this association remains elusive. Preliminary cross-sectional studies suggest the
      involvement of inflammation associated with ABC. CONCLUSION: Prospective studies
      are required to provide additional evidence for the association of ABC therapy
      and cardiovascular events. In individual patients with underlying high
      cardiovascular risk, replacement of ABC may be considered, if it can be
      substituted by alternative equally effective treatment.

PMID- 19996749
TI  - Cataract surgery after refractive surgery.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent contributions addressing the challenge of
      intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in patients undergoing cataract extraction
      following corneal refractive surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: Although several articles
      have provided excellent summaries of IOL selection in patients wherein
      prerefractive surgery data are available, numerous authors have recently
      described approaches to attempt more accurate IOL power calculations for patients
      who present with no reliable clinical information regarding their refractive
      history. Additionally, results have been reported using the Scheimpflug camera
      system to measure corneal power in an attempt to resolve the most important
      potential source of error for IOL determination in these patients. SUMMARY: IOL
      selection in patients undergoing cataract surgery after corneal refractive
      surgery continues to be a challenging and complex issue despite numerous
      strategies and formulas described in the literature. Current focus seems to be
      directed toward approaches that do not require preoperative refractive surgery
      information. Due to the relative dearth of comparative clinical outcomes data,
      the optimal solution to this ongoing clinical problem has yet to be determined.
      Until such data are available, many cataract surgeons compare the results of
      multiple formulas to assist them in IOL selection for these patients.

PMID- 19996750
TI  - Management of stones in childhood.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review was to report on the latest world
      literature relating to paediatric stone disease. Inevitably, because of the small
      numbers, the literature is limited and consists mainly of case series from
      individual centres. There is also a wide variation in criteria and techniques,
      making direct comparison limited. RECENT FINDINGS: Changes in the incidence of
      stone disease are becoming more apparent particularly in female patients.
      Metabolic abnormalities can be identified in the majority of children with
      stones, and even in the absence of obvious physical stone, if detected warrant
      further follow-up. Data supporting the safety and efficacy of treatments for
      stones in children is improving constantly, but choosing the best option may be
      difficult on current evidence. Better long-term follow-up is still needed
      regarding adverse effects of treatment. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion is
      required for the diagnosis of stone disease in children, especially in the very
      young. After exclusion of anatomical abnormalities, metabolic evaluation is
      important in management and prevention of recurrence. Modalities for treatment
      are expanding all the time, but due to overall small numbers, and variations in
      the availability of technology, consensus views about treatment are difficult to
      agree.

PMID- 19996751
TI  - Management of stone disease in pregnancy.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Nephrolithiasis is a not infrequent complication of pregnancy.
      The occurrence of a stone event in a pregnant woman is a complex situation.
      Therefore, a clear understanding of the management options available and their
      relative advantages and disadvantages for this unique population is important.
      RECENT FINDINGS: When initial, conservative measures have failed in the treatment
      of a pregnant woman suffering from an acute stone event, management options have
      historically been of a temporizing nature: generally, either ureteral stent
      placement or nephrostomy drainage. However, with recent advances in surgical
      technology and surgeon technique, a more definitive approach to these patients
      has become more widely adopted. Indeed, several recent case series have reported
      the complication rate for ureteroscopy during pregnancy to be low. Furthermore, a
      meta-analysis of case series of ureteroscopy during pregnancy suggests definitive
      endoscopic treatment is well tolerated in this patient population. SUMMARY: In a
      pregnant patient without contraindications to ureteroscopy, the definitive
      endoscopic treatment of an acute stone event is a reasonable management strategy,
      should conservative measures fail. Although further investigation with randomized
      control trials is ideally needed to confirm these results, at present, the
      published case series and meta-analysis confirm the safety of ureteroscopy in
      pregnant patients in the appropriate setting. A multidisciplinary approach is key
      to the successful management of this complex patient population.

PMID- 19996752
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia and neuromyelitis optica: cause or coincidence?

PMID- 19996753
TI  - Management of patients taking herbal medicines in the  perioperative period: a
      survey of practice and policies within  Anaesthetic Departments in the United
      Kingdom.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients commonly take a combination of prescription
      drugs and herbal medicines. Often these alternative products have known
      pharmacological effects which may interact with drugs given perioperatively,
      resulting in adverse events. They can also cause physiological fluctuations which
      may influence the choice of anaesthetic technique used. This has been
      acknowledged by a number of national bodies that recommend eliciting a history of
      herbal medicine use preoperatively. This survey attempted to ascertain whether
      this guidance had been observed and turned into local policy. We also attempted
      to determine what advice patients were being given. METHODS: Three hundred and
      twenty-one questionnaires were sent to all United Kingdom hospitals with an
      Anaesthetic Department in September 2006. Reminders were then sent to those
      recipients who did not respond. RESULTS: Replies were received from 233 (72.6%)
      anaesthetic departments. Seventeen (7.3%) departments have a perioperative herbal
      medicine policy in place and a further six had plans to develop one. The majority
      (98.3%) of departments did not have a specific section for documenting herbal
      medicine use on their an aesthetic records. Of the departments that held pre
      assessment clinics, 34 (15.7%) asked patients routinely about herbal medicine
      use, and the advice given regarding the use of herbal medicines was varied, and
      generally, not in accordance with existing guidelines. CONCLUSION: Anaesthetic
      departments in the United Kingdom are not currently following national advice
      regarding herbal medicine use. There is no coherence in the advice being offered
      to patients in the perioperative period, which may reflect the lack of
      information available. National guidelines may help clinicians understand the
      issues and adopt best practice.

PMID- 19996754
TI  - Combating depression in Huntington's disease: effective antidepressive treatment
      with venlafaxine XR.
AB  - Patients with Huntington's disease (HD) often suffer from psychiatric symptoms
      including affective disorder, psychosis, irritability, and apathy, which may be
      present in all stages of the disease. However--despite the obvious likelihood
      that these symptoms may be reduced by antidepressive treatments--to date, the
      effectiveness of such treatments in HD has only ever been examined in case
      studies. Twenty-six HD patients (17 men), with a diagnosis of major depression,
      were studied. The symptoms of HD and depression were systematically measured
      using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
      both at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment with venlafaxine XR. After 4
      weeks of venlafaxine XR treatment, the symptoms of depression in HD patients
      decreased significantly relative to baseline. However, approximately one in five
      patients developed significant venlafaxine-related side effects (nausea and
      irritability). Venlafaxine XR is highly effective in the treatment of depression
      in HD, although it may produce unpleasant side effects. Further studies are
      required to establish the most suitable treatment for depression in HD.

PMID- 19996756
TI  - Evaluation of a modified Stejskal-Tanner diffusion encoding scheme, permitting a
      marked reduction in TE, in diffusion-weighted imaging of stroke patients at 3 T.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate a modified Stejskal-Tanner diffusion gradient pulsing scheme
      that applies diffusion encoding during the entire time between the 2 requisite
      radiofrequency pulses, shortening TE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen healthy
      volunteers and 15 patients with acute and early subacute infarcts were evaluated
      at 3 T utilizing: a conventional bipolar gradient double spin echo planar imaging
      diffusion weighted imaging with a parallel imaging factor of 2 (p2) and a
      modified Stejskal-Tanner short TE (sTE) SE echo planar imaging diffusion weighted
      imaging with parallel imaging factors of 2, 3, and 4. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
      and susceptibility-induced spatial distortions were quantified, and a blinded
      reader ranked scans in terms of susceptibility artifact and overall preference.
      RESULTS: The sTE sequence allowed a shortening in TE of 18 to 28 milliseconds
      versus the standard bipolar gradient sequence. SNRs were generally not
      significantly different among the sTE scans because of compensation by number of
      scan averages. By using twice the number of averages, the SNR with the bipolar
      gradient sequence was not significantly different from that of the sTE sequences
      in patients. sTE scans with higher parallel imaging factors demonstrated less
      susceptibility-related artifact. The blinded reader ranked the p3 or p4 sTE scans
      most preferred and the bipolar gradient scans least or tied for least preferred
      in every case. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of the sTE modified Stejskal-Tanner
      sequence markedly improves SNR-an increase that may be used with parallel imaging
      to improve overall scan quality whereas maintaining reasonable scan times and
      SNR.

PMID- 19996757
TI  - Intra- and interobserver variability of linear and volumetric measurements of
      brain metastases using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To compare the intra- and interobserver variability of diameter and
      semiautomated volume measurements of brain metastases on contrast-enhanced
      magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 75 MRI
      staging examinations of patients with metastasized renal cell carcinoma, thyroid
      cancer, or malignant melanoma (mean age, 56 years; range, 40-75 years) were
      included. Patients had been examined with a routine MRI protocol, including a CE
      3D T1-weighted MP-RAGE sequence (1-mm slice thickness). MRI data were
      retrospectively analyzed using the OncoTREAT segmentation system (MeVis, Bremen,
      Germany, version 1.6). Volume of 355 enhancing brain metastases included in the
      analysis as well as the largest diameter according to Response Evaluation
      Criteria for Solid Tumors were measured by 2 radiologists. Intra- and
      interobserver variability was calculated. RESULTS: Metastases (n = 355) had a
      mean diameter of 12.2 mm (range, 3.4-44.3 mm) and a mean volume of 1.4 cm(3)
      (range, 12-25.1 cm(3)). With respect to interobserver variability analysis
      revealed broader limits of agreement for response evaluation criteria for solid
      tumor measurements of all lesions (range, +/-27.8%-+/-33.0%; unsigned mean: 0.2%
      2.5%) than for volume measurements (range, +/-21.4%-+/-23.3%; unsigned mean, 0.1%
      0.3%) with statistically significant differences between diameter and volume
      measurements (P <or= 0.001). Limits of agreement were similar for intra- and
      interobserver comparisons. CONCLUSION: Semiautomated segmentation of brain
      metastases on the basis of CE-MRI yielded reproducible volume measurements with a
      lower variability compared with linear measurements. Volumetry of contrast
      enhancing brain metastases appears to be a suitable method for size determination
      in oncologic follow-up imaging.

PMID- 19996755
TI  - Serotonin transporter triallelic genotype and response to citalopram and
      risperidone in dementia with behavioral symptoms.
AB  - The risk/benefit ratio of pharmacotherapy for behavioral symptoms of dementia is
      questionable: second-generation antipsychotics are poorly tolerated, and the
      efficacy of alternative treatments, for example, selective serotonin-reuptake
      inhibitors (SSRIs), is uncertain. Biomarkers of treatment response may improve
      this risk/benefit ratio. The length polymorphism of the serotonin transporter
      promoter gene (5-HTTLPR/SLC6A4) may moderate tolerability of SSRIs and expression
      of behavioral symptoms in dementia. We assessed the effect of 5-HTTLPR on
      tolerability and efficacy of citalopram and risperidone in a 12-week randomized
      controlled trial, which included nondepressed patients with dementia hospitalized
      for behavioral or psychotic symptoms. Genotypes including the A/G polymorphism of
      the L allele (rs25531) were determined in 92 of 103 participants. We used pattern
      mixture models to account for dropout. Low-expression alleles (S and Lg)
      predicted greater early and overall side effects of citalopram and early
      treatment discontinuation. These results remained unchanged after excluding
      African-American participants and in covariate analyses. Unexpectedly, low
      expression alleles seemed to predict greater early side effects of risperidone
      (but not early discontinuation) and poorer early response of psychosis symptoms
      to risperidone. In conclusion, 5-HTTLPR may be a useful biomarker of SSRI
      intolerance in dementia. Our findings of intolerance of a second-generation
      antipsychotics and persistence of psychosis in patients with low-expression
      alleles needs to be replicated.

PMID- 19996758
TI  - Collagenolytic activity is suppressed in organ-cultured human skin exposed to a
      gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Human skin produces increased amounts of matrix metalloproteinase-1
      (MMP-1) when exposed in organ culture to Omniscan, one of the gadolinium-based
      MRI contrast agents (GBCA). MMP-1, by virtue of its ability to degrade structural
      collagen, contributes to collagen turnover in the skin. The objective of the
      present study was to determine whether collagenolytic activity was concomitantly
      up-regulated with increased enzyme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skin biopsies from
      normal volunteers were exposed in organ culture to Omniscan. Organ culture fluids
      obtained from control and treated skin were examined for ability to degrade type
      I collagen. The same culture fluids were examined for levels of MMP-1, tissue
      inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and complexes of MMP-1 and TIMP-1.
      RESULTS: Although MMP-1 was increased in culture fluid from Omniscan-treated
      skin, there was no increase in collagenolytic activity. In fact, collagenolytic
      activity declined. Increased production of TIMP-1 was also observed in Omniscan
      treated skin, and the absolute amount of TIMP-1 was greater than the amount of
      MMP-1. Virtually all of the MMP-1 was present in MMP-1-TIMP-1 complexes, but the
      majority of TIMP-1 was not associated with MMP-1. When human dermal fibroblasts
      were exposed to TIMP-1 (up to 250 ng/mL), no increase in proliferation was
      observed, but an increase in collagen deposition into the cell layer was seen.
      CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent exposure has recently been linked
      to a fibrotic skin condition in patients with impaired kidney function. The
      mechanism is unknown. The increase in TIMP-1 production and concomitant reduction
      in collagenolytic activity demonstrated here could result in decreased collagen
      turnover and increased deposition of collagen in lesional skin.

PMID- 19996760
TI  - Polycystic kidney disease evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging in ischemia
      reperfusion injured PKD1 knockout mouse model: comparison of T2-weighted FSE and
      true-FISP.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of true fast imaging with steady state
      precession (true-FISP) compared with T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2W-FSE) in
      monitoring changes in cyst volume and renal expansion in an ischemia reperfusion
      (IR) injured PKD1 knockout (IKO) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The animal
      study was approved by the local institutional authority. A total of 24 mice (14
      PKD1 IKO mice and 10 control mice) were sequentially scanned on a 4.7-T scanner
      from 4 to 12 weeks after IR injury and the cysts and kidney volumes were measured
      from true-FISP and T2W-FSE MR images. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to
      noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for the images generated from both methods.
      RESULTS: Cyst SNR and CNR in true-FISP images were significantly higher than in
      images employing the T2W-FSE sequence (P < 0.05). Both methods demonstrated
      kidney volume increase as well as cyst growth after IR injury in the mouse model.
      The kidney and cysts volume at different time points were strongly correlated
      between true-FISP and T2W-FSE measurements (r(kidney) = 0.99, r(cysts) = 0.97).
      CONCLUSION: The true-FISP method offers shorter scan times and higher cyst SNR
      and cyst to kidney tissue contrast than T2W-FSE. Both sequences have identical
      accuracy in measuring the cysts and kidney volume changes in mice with PKD.

PMID- 19996759
TI  - Minimization of MR contrast weightings for the comprehensive evaluation of
      carotid atherosclerotic disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Multicontrast, high-resolution carotid magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) has been validated with histology to quantify atherosclerotic plaque
      morphology and composition. For evaluating the lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC)
      and fibrous cap, both of which are key elements in determining plaque stability,
      the combined pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted (T1W) sequences have been recently
      shown to have a higher reproducibility than other contrast weightings. In this
      study, we sought to determine whether contrast weightings beyond T1W (pre- and
      postcontrast) are necessary for comprehensive, quantitative, carotid plaque
      interpretation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our HIPAA compliant study protocol was
      approved by the IRB and all participants gave written, informed consent. Sixty
      five participants with carotid stenosis >50% detected by ultrasound underwent
      carotid MRI with a standard multicontrast protocol (time-of-flight [TOF], T1W,
      contrast-enhanced [CE]-T1W, proton density [PD], and T2W). For each subject,
      images were partitioned into 3 combinations of contrast weightings (CW): (1) 2CW:
      T1W and CE-T1W; (2) 3CW: T1W, CE-T1W, and TOF; and (3) 5CW: T1W, CE-T1W, TOF, PD,
      and T2W. Each CW set was interpreted by 2 reviewers, blinded to results of each
      of the other CW combinations, via consensus opinion. Wall, lumen, and total
      vessel volumes, along with mean wall thickness were recorded. The presence or
      absence of calcification, LRNC, intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and surface
      disruption was also documented. RESULTS: Compared with 5CW, there was strong
      agreement in the parameters of plaque morphology for 2CW (intraclass correlation
      coefficient, 0.96-0.99) and 3CW (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.97-1.00).
      Agreement with 5CW for the detection of plaque composition was stronger for 3CW
      compared with 2CW: Cohen's kappa, 0.59 versus 0.42 for calcification; 0.75 versus
      0.47 for LRNC; 0.91 versus 0.88 for IPH; and 0.74 versus 0.34 for surface
      disruption. Using 5CW as the reference standard during receive-operating
      characteristics analysis, 3CW compared with 2CW showed a larger area-under-the
      curve for classifying the presence or absence of calcification (0.78 vs. 0.69),
      LRNC (0.98 vs. 0.69), and surface disruption (0.87 vs. 0.65), and similar area
      under-the-curve in classifying IPH (0.96 vs. 0.94). CONCLUSION: Comprehensive,
      quantitative carotid plaque interpretation can be performed with T1W, CE-T1W, and
      TOF sequences. Elimination of PD and T2W sequences from the carotid MRI protocol
      may result in a substantial reduction in scan time. The ability to perform plaque
      interpretation on images acquired within a clinically acceptable scan time may
      broaden the research utility of carotid MRI and increase translatability to
      clinical applications.

PMID- 19996761
TI  - Quantitative pulmonary perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: influence of
      temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and
      temporal resolution of 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging on
      the quantification of pulmonary perfusion parameters by means of Monte-Carlo
      simulations and a volunteer study. METHODS: Quantification of perfusion
      parameters such as pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and pulmonary blood volume (PBV)
      was simulated using synthetic data with varying CNR (noise standard deviations
      ranging from 0% to 25% of the parenchymal signal maximum) and different temporal
      resolutions from 1 to 5 seconds. Simulation results were compared with perfusion
      measurements in 9 healthy volunteers (age: 18-31) using dynamic 3D gradient-echo
      sequences with different k-space acquisition schemes, resulting in different
      temporal resolutions of 1.1, 1.3, and 2.0 seconds per volume and varying CNR.
      Lung parenchyma was segmented using a semiautomatic technique, and PBF, PBV, as
      well as MTT were determined pixelwise using Tikhonov-regularized deconvolution
      with an optimized L-curve criterion. RESULTS: The simulations showed a breakdown
      of the deconvolution algorithm for temporal resolutions lower than 3 s. PBF was
      increasingly underestimated with decreasing CNR; the temporal resolution had
      little influence on PBF estimates in the investigated range. PBV, on the other
      hand, was more dependent on the temporal resolution and showed less, but
      noticeable influence of the CNR. For low temporal resolutions, PBV was
      overestimated.In the volunteer study, no significant differences of PBF between
      the different sequences were found; however, PBV was underestimated by the
      slowest sequence, in contrast to the simulation results. CONCLUSION: Both the
      mathematical simulations and volunteer measurements showed that the temporal
      resolution has less influence than the CNR on the quantification of PBF. On the
      other hand, PBV is more influenced by temporal resolution than by CNR. This
      indicates that the gain in measurement speed that can be obtained by modern
      acceleration schemes need not be invested in ultra-high temporal resolution.
      Instead, sequence optimization should aim for a suitable balance of sufficient
      CNR on the one hand, and sufficient temporal resolution on the other hand,
      whereas maintaining a high spatial resolution.

PMID- 19996762
TI  - Preliminary results for characterization of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with
      prostate cancer by diffusion-weighted MR-imaging.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: In this retrospective feasibility study diffusion-weighted magnetic
      resonance imaging (DWI) was evaluated as a potential tool for characterization of
      pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS:
      Twenty-nine patients with prostate cancer underwent DWI of the pelvis at 1.5T by
      a non breath-hold SSEPI sequence using a body phased array coil with b values of
      50, 300, and 600 s/mm(2) and an additional T2-weighted sequence. A total of 118
      lymph nodes (>6 mm short axis) were analyzed by measuring the ADC-value with a
      polygon region of interest. Feasibility for ADC-measurement was assessed by
      comparing the ADC-value from the automatically created ADC-map (ADC(MR_unit))
      with a manually calculated ACD-value (ADC(calculated)) and by using a linear
      regression model for comparison with size and standard deviation of the ADC
      value. Diagnostic performance was estimated by receiver operator characteristic
      analysis using histologic and/or clinical follow-up as standard of reference.
      RESULTS: ADC(MR_unit) and ADC(calculated) showed a high correlation (r = 0.8999)
      with a mean percentual deviation of 6.33%. There was a highly significant
      difference between the mean ADC-value (x10(-3) mm(2)/s) of malignant (1.07 +/-
      0.23) versus benign (1.54 +/- 0.25) lymph nodes, even in subgroup analysis for
      lymph nodes smaller versus larger than 10 mm. Receiver operator characteristic
      analysis showed a good accuracy of the ADC-value (85.6% [101/118]; sensitivity:
      86.0% [43/50]; specificity: 85.3% [53/68]) for differentiation of malignant and
      benign lymph nodes at a cutoff 1.30 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s. This was superior to a size
      based analysis at a cutoff of 8 mm (accuracy: 66.1% [78/118]; sensitivity: 82.0%
      [41/50]; specificity: 54.4% [37/68]; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: DWI has the
      potential of being an accurate technique for analysis of pelvic lymph nodes.
      Moreover, our preliminary results suggest that the ADC-value might perform
      significantly superior to size criteria to discriminate between benign and
      malignant lymph nodes.

PMID- 19996763
TI  - Characterization of urinary stones with dual-energy CT: improved differentiation
      using a tin filter.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess image quality and capability of stone differentiation between
      UA-containing and non-UA-containing uroliths with the latest dual-energy (DE)
      computed tomography (CT) system equipped with a tin filter (TF) using various
      data acquisition parameters in a work bench model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One
      hundred ten urinary stones (4.2 +/- 3.0 mm, 0.4-12 mm) of 15 compositions were
      examined in an ex vivo phantom, using DE dual-source CT (Definition Flash,
      Siemens Healthcare) equipped with a TF. Phantom was scanned in a water tank and
      contained stones in acrylic elliptic spheres filled with a parenchyma substitute.
      Scans were performed at 3 different settings: at 80 and 140 kVp without TF, at 80
      and 140 kVp with TF, and at 100 and 140 kVp with TF. Tube current time products
      were adapted to yield constancy in CT dose indices (CTDIvol = 18.84 mGy, 18.95
      mGy, and 18.90 mGy, respectively). CT numbers of urinary stones and image noise
      were electronically measured by placing regions of interest. DE indices (DEI)
      were calculated and compared using analysis of variances for repeated measures
      and paired t tests; image noise (IN) using the Friedman test. The stones were
      classified as UA-containing or non-UA-containing on color-coded images based on
      the DEI. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated using crystallographic analysis as
      standard of reference. RESULTS: Of the 110 stones (60%), 65 contained UA; 45
      stones (40%) contained no UA. DEI was greatest at 80 and 140 kVp when using the
      TF (DEI80 kVp/TF140 kVp = 0.038 vs. DEI80 kVp/140 kVp = 0.028, DEI100 kVp/TF140
      kVp = 0.025; P < 0.01). IN of high kVp acquisitions were similar (P = 0.15),
      whereas IN of low kVp acquisitions were significantly (P < 0.001) different being
      lowest at 100 kVp. The semiautomated DE software correctly classified all stones
      at all settings with a diagnostic accuracy of 100% (95% confidence interval: 97%
      100%). CONCLUSION: DECT with TF and 80-140 kVp tube voltage settings
      significantly improves the discrimination between UA-containing and non-UA
      containing urinary stones as compared with DECT without using the TF on the basis
      of DEI. The 100/140 kVp setting with TF is associated with lower IN but
      demonstrates similar discrimination abilities as compared with 80/140 kVp setting
      without the use of the TF.

PMID- 19996765
TI  - Right ventricular hypertrabeculation associated with double-outlet left
      ventricle: exaggeration of a normal pattern or right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
AB  - We describe a rare case of double-outlet left ventricle, ventricular septal
      defect, and subpulmonary valve stenosis surgically corrected by Rastelli
      procedure, developing severe homograft obstruction with right ventricular
      dilation and extensive hypertrabeculation/noncompaction during follow-up. We
      briefly discuss the cause diagnosis, and clinical significance of right
      ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction.

PMID- 19996764
TI  - Prediction of HIV type 1 subtype C tropism by genotypic algorithms built from
      subtype B viruses.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Genotypic predictions of HIV-1 tropism could simplify CCR5 antagonist
      usage. However, the genotypic algorithms built from subtype B viruses could be
      inadequate for non-B subtypes. We therefore performed paired genotypic and
      phenotypic determination of subtype C tropism. METHODS: We studied 52 patients
      recruited in Malawi and 21 patients recruited in France. We directly sequenced
      the V3 env region and performed a recombinant virus phenotypic entry assay in
      parallel. RESULTS: The Malawi patients had 29% of CXCR4-using subtype C viruses
      compared with only 5% in the patients from France. For detecting CXCR4-using
      subtype C viruses, the genotypic rule combining the amino acids at positions
      11/25 and the net charge of V3 was 93.3% sensitive and 96.4% specific. The
      Geno2pheno tool was 86.7% sensitive and 89.1% specific. The WebPSSM tool with the
      SI/NSI matrix was 80% sensitive and 98.2% specific in its subtype B version and
      93.3% sensitive and 81.8% specific in its subtype C version. CONCLUSIONS: The
      genotypic determinants of coreceptor usage for HIV-1 subtype C were mainly in V3
      and were globally similar to those previously reported for subtype B viruses. The
      main genotypic algorithms built from subtype B viruses perform well when applied
      to subtype C viruses.

PMID- 19996766
TI  - Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm associated with septal ventricular rupture
      following myocardial infarction.
AB  - We report a case of anterior left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and associated
      interventricular septal defect, following myocardial infarction. This report
      shows an unusual clinical presentation, successful echocardiographic management
      and surgical findings. Echocardiography appeared to be a useful technique, safe
      and specific for the diagnosis of a rare complication of myocardial infarction.
      Early recognition of this rare complication has therapeutic importance because
      immediate surgical correction is life saving.

PMID- 19996769
TI  - Time course of changes in muscle and tendon properties during strength training
      and detraining.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of changes in
      mechanical and morphological properties of muscle and tendon during isometric
      training and detraining. Eight subjects completed 3 months of isometric knee
      extension training and detraining for another 3 months. At beginning and on every
      1 month of training and detraining periods, muscle strength, neural activation
      level, muscle and tendon cross-sectional areas (CSA), and tendon stiffness were
      measured. Training increased muscle strength and neural activation level by 29.6
      and 7.3% after 2 months and by 40.5 and 8.9% after 3 months (all p's < 0.05).
      Muscle CSA and tendon stiffness did not change until 2 months of training period,
      and afterward, the increases in muscle CSA and tendon stiffness reached
      statistical significance at the end of training period (both p's < 0.05). During
      detraining period, muscle strength and neural activation level did not change,
      although muscle CSA and tendon stiffness decreased to pre-training level at 1 and
      2 months of detraining, respectively. These results suggest that the adaptations
      of tendon properties and muscle morphology to resistance training are slower than
      those of muscle function and inversely that the adaptations of former to
      detraining are faster than those of latter.

PMID- 19996767
TI  - Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on biochemical markers and neurologic
      outcomes in patients undergoing elective cervical decompression surgery: a
      prospective randomized controlled trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may protect the spinal cord
      from ischemic injury. This randomized clinical trial was designed to assess
      whether a large clinical trial testing the effect of RIPC on neurologic outcome
      in patients undergoing spine surgery is warranted. This trial was registered with
      ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00778323. METHODS: Forty adult cervical spondylotic
      myelopathy patients undergoing elective decompression surgery were randomly
      assigned to either the RIPC group (n=20) or the control group (n=20). Limb RIPC
      consisted of three 5-minutes cycles of upper right limb ischemia with intervening
      5-minute periods of reperfusion. Neuron-specific enolase and S-100B levels were
      measured in serum at set time points. Median nerve somatosensory-evoked
      potentials (SEPs) were also recorded. Neurologic recovery rate was evaluated
      using a Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale. RESULTS: RIPC significantly
      reduced serum S-100B release at 6 hours and 1 day after surgery, and reduced
      neuron-specific enolase release at 6 hours, and then at 1, 3, and 5 days after
      surgery. No differences were observed in SEP measurements or the incidence of SEP
      changes during surgery between the control and RIPC groups. Recovery rate at 7
      days, and at 1 and 3 months after surgery was higher in the RIPC group than in
      the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results for markers of neuronal
      ischemic injury and rate of recovery suggest that a clinical trial with
      sufficient statistical power to detect an effect of RIPC on the incidence of
      neurologic complications (paresis, palsy, etc) due to spinal cord ischemia
      reperfusion injury after spine surgery is warranted [corrected].

PMID- 19996770
TI  - Effects of warming-up on physical performance: a systematic review with meta
      analysis.
AB  - The value of warming-up is a worthy research problem because it is not known
      whether warming-up benefits, harms, or has no effect on individuals. The purpose
      of this study was to review the evidence relating to performance improvement
      using a warm-up. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken. Relevant
      studies were identified by searching Medline, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed (1966-April
      2008). Studies investigating the effects of warming-up on performance improvement
      in physical activities were included. Studies were included only if the subjects
      were human and only if the warm-up included activities other than stretching. The
      quality of included studies was assessed independently by 2 assessors using the
      Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Thirty-two studies, all of high quality
      (6.5-9 [mean = 7.6] of 10) reported sufficient data (quality score >6) on the
      effects of warming-up on performance improvement. Warm-up was shown to improve
      performance in 79% of the criterions examined. This analysis has shown that
      performance improvements can be demonstrated after completion of adequate warm-up
      activities, and there is little evidence to suggest that warming-up is
      detrimental to sports participants. Because there were few well-conducted,
      randomized, controlled trials undertaken, more of these are needed to further
      determine the role of warming-up in relation to performance improvement.

PMID- 19996771
TI  - Notational analysis of elite and sub-elite water polo matches.
AB  - This study aimed at comparing elite (i.e., Euro League and Italian "Serie A1")
      and sub-elite (Italian "Serie B") matches. A notational analysis was performed on
      17 men's water polo matches during the 2005-2006 season to evaluate the following
      technical and tactical parameters of the offensive play: frequency of occurrence
      of the actions; mean clock-time duration; mean number of players involved and
      passes; frequency of occurrence of the turnovers; and frequency of occurrence of
      the number, outcome, position, and type of the shots. All the indicators were
      analyzed in relation to even (i.e., equal number of offensive and defensive
      players), counterattack (i.e., higher number of offensive players than that of
      the defense), and power play (i.e., a team defending for 20 seconds without a
      player because of an exclusion foul) situations. A multivariate approach
      (multivariate analysis of variance) was applied to the playing situations (even,
      counterattack, and power play) as dependent variables and competition levels
      (Final Four of Euro League Championship, Serie A1 Championship, and Serie B
      Championship) as between factor (p < 0.05). Significant differences among
      competition levels emerged in (a) the frequency of occurrence of counterattack
      and power play actions, (b) the duration of even situations, (c) the mean number
      of players directly involved during power play actions, (d) the mean number of
      the passes during even and power play actions, (e) the frequency of occurrence of
      the shots during counterattack and power play actions, (f) the frequency of
      occurrence of goals during even actions, (g) the frequency of occurrence of shots
      originating from different zones of the court, and (h) the type of shots
      performed. The present results showed that the competition level has a relevant
      impact on the occurrence of technical and tactical indicators especially in
      relation to even, counterattack, and power play situations. Thus, notational
      analysis proved to be a valuable tool for better coaching through the
      interpretation of technical and tactical aspects of water polo in relation to its
      competition level.

PMID- 19996772
TI  - Effects of heavy resistance training on strength and power in upper extremities
      in wheelchair athletes.
AB  - Little is known about strength training in subjects with spinal cord injury
      (SCI), especially in athletes performing competitive sports. Sixteen male
      subjects participated in this study-8 with SCI and 8 healthy physical education
      students (control subjects). The 8-week program consisted of heavy-resistance
      exercise performed twice per week with 10 to 12 repetitions in 5 sets. Subjects'
      performances were tested in static and in dynamic conditions concerning several
      strength and power parameters. Furthermore, we tested 10-m sprinting performance
      in wheelchair athletes. Overall, wheelchair athletes and control subjects
      achieved similar results; in almost all parameters both groups improved
      considerably in post-testing. Regarding percentages in most strength and power
      parameters, wheelchair athletes showed a tendency to benefit more from the
      strength training performed in the present study. Using analyses of group
      differences, however, only the comparison of effects on rate of force development
      (p = 0.010) resulted in a significant higher improvement for wheelchair athletes.
      In contrast to previous assumptions about minor adaptation capacities to training
      exercises in patients with SCI, our study proved clear effects of strength
      training. In conclusion, we suggest that heavy resistance training should be of
      increasing importance in wheelchair sports.

PMID- 19996773
TI  - Glycerol-induced hyperhydration: a method for estimating the optimal load of
      fluid to be ingested before exercise to maximize endurance performance.
AB  - Glycerol-induced hyperhydration (GIH) has been shown to increase endurance
      performance (EP). However, EP starts declining at a dehydration level >2% body
      weight (BW). It thus appears that the use of GIH is only required when athletes
      anticipate that their fluid intake during exercise would not be sufficient to
      prevent a loss of BW >2%. In such a scenario, the optimal GIH load to be ingested
      before exercise would correspond to the amount of fluid that cannot be drunk
      during exercise and that would be just sufficient to keep the dehydration level
      <2% BW. No method exists enabling the estimation of the most optimal GIH load to
      be drunk before exercise to optimize EP. Here, such a method comprising 3 easy
      steps is presented. Step 1 provides a formula allowing users to determine
      relative exercise-induced dehydration level based on individual BW, exercise
      time, and estimated hourly sweat rate and fluid consumption during exercise. Step
      2 takes into account the result of step 1 and provides a formula allowing
      determination of the minimal GIH load required before exercise to prevent a loss
      of BW >2%. Step 3 consists of identifying, among those pre-selected, a GIH
      protocol that increases body water by at least the amount computed in step 2.
      This method will remove much of the guess work involved in the decision-making
      process of the optimal amount of GIH that should be ingested before exercise by
      athletes for maximizing EP and will serve as a practical reference tool for all
      athletes using, and coaches, practitioners, and exercise physiologists
      recommending the utilization of, GIH as an ergogenic aid.

PMID- 19996774
TI  - A kinematic analysis of a strongman-type event: the heavy sprint-style sled pull.
AB  - This study sought to (a) characterize the kinematics aspects of a popular
      strongman-type event, the heavy sprint-style sled pull, and (b) gain some insight
      into the kinematic factors that could distinguish the within- and between
      subjects' fastest and slowest trials. Six resistance-trained subjects with
      experience in the heavy sled pull gave informed consent to participate in this
      study. Subjects performed three 25-m sets of sled pulls with a load of 171.2 kg
      with 3 minutes of rest between sets. Kinematic variables were obtained from 2
      video cameras positioned perpendicularly 11 m from the intended direction of the
      sled pull. Camera 1 recorded the first 5 m (acceleration phase) and Camera 2
      recorded the last 5 m (maximum velocity phase). Effect sizes and paired and
      independent t-tests were used to determine the within- and between-subject
      effects, respectively, with significance set at p < 0.01. Heavy sled pulls shared
      many kinematic similarities to acceleration phase sprinting, although the sled
      pull had somewhat smaller step lengths and step rates, longer ground contact
      times, and a more horizontal trunk. Within- and between-subject analyses of the
      fastest and slowest trials typically revealed more significant differences in the
      maximum velocity than the acceleration phase. Although the fastest trials were
      often characterized by significantly greater step lengths, step rates, and
      shorter ground contact times, differences in the segment/joint angles were less
      consistent. Based on the impulse-momentum relationship, our results imply that
      greater anteroposterior forces/impulses were produced in the fastest sled pulls.
      Accordingly, the heavy sled pull may improve acceleration sprinting performance
      in many athlete types and the ability to break and make tackles in contact sports
      such as American football and the rugby codes.

PMID- 19996775
TI  - The development of a new test of agility for rugby league.
AB  - Agility requires change of direction speed (CODS) and also perceptual and
      decision-making skills and reaction speed. The purpose of this study was to
      develop a reliable and valid agility test for rugby league, which stressed all
      those dimensions. Players from a subelite rugby league team were tested twice on
      a sport-specific reactive agility test (RAT) and CODS test. Data were analyzed
      for reliability. For validity results from the subelite groups, first test was
      compared with data from an elite group. The RAT required participants to run
      toward an unpredictable life-size video of an attacking opponent and react to
      that video by changing direction. The CODS test required the same movement
      patterns however direction changes were preplanned. The subelite group's mean
      time to complete the CODS test and RAT on their first test was 1.67 +/- 0.15 and
      1.98 +/- 0.16 seconds, respectively, and 1.62 +/- 0.14 and 1.91 +/- 0.17 seconds,
      respectively, on their second test (results are +/- sigma). Statistical analyses
      revealed no significant difference in means (p < 0.05) and good correlation
      (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87 and 0.82, respectively). The elite
      group's mean time to complete the tests was 1.65 +/- 0.09 and 1.79 +/-0.12
      seconds, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in
      mean RAT time between the elite group and the subelite group (p < 0.05). The RAT
      was reliable and valid. Performance differences on the RAT were attributed to
      differences in perceptual skills and/or reaction ability. Testing and training
      agility should therefore stress those dimensions of agility and not just CODS.

PMID- 19996776
TI  - Contralateral leg deficits in kinetic and kinematic variables during running in
      Australian rules football players with previous hamstring injuries.
AB  - Contralateral leg deficits between lower limbs during athletic movements are
      thought to increase the risk of injury and compromise performance. The purpose of
      this study was to quantify the magnitude of leg deficits during running in
      noninjured and previously injured Australian Rules football (ARF) players. The
      players included a group of noninjured ARF players (n = 11) and a group of
      previously injured ARF players (n = 11; hamstring injuries only). The players in
      the injured group (IG) had at least 1 acute hamstring injury in the previous 2
      years. The legs of the noninjured players (NIG) were classified as right and
      left, whereas the legs of the injured players were classified as injured or
      noninjured. The players ran on a nonmotorized force treadmill at approximately
      80% of their maximum velocity (Vmax). For the NIG, there were no significant
      differences between right and left legs for any of the variables. For the IG, the
      only variable that was significantly (p < 0.001) different between the injured
      and noninjured leg was horizontal force (175 +/- 30 vs. 326 +/- 44 N).
      Furthermore, horizontal force was significantly greater in the noninjured leg
      (IG) in comparison with either legs in the NIG (19.2% and 20.5%) and
      significantly less in the injured leg (IG) in comparison with either legs of the
      NIG (31.5% and 32.7%). In the present study, athletes with previous hamstring
      injuries had contralateral leg deficits in horizontal but not vertical force
      during running at submaximal velocities.

PMID- 19996777
TI  - Low-cost match analysis of Italian sixth and seventh division soccer refereeing.
AB  - At every level, soccer referees and their assistants perform a significant amount
      of physical activity while refereeing; therefore, they must evaluate and keep an
      adequate physical condition. The author described the outcome of a functional
      evaluation protocol on adult healthy sportsmen refereeing in the Italian sixth
      and seventh division. Results have been compared with others published in the
      literature and gathered by means of different protocols. Referees and assistant
      referees have been monitored during official matches by means of wrist global
      positioning system receivers-instead of commonly used imaging techniques-and
      heart rate monitors. Total match distances covered, distances covered at
      different clustered speeds, match average heart rate, and its proportion over
      significant values have been measured. To detect differences over the match,
      first and second half total distance, distances covered at speeds over
      significant values, heart rate, and its proportion over significant values have
      been measured separately. Both whole-match and between-halves results were
      similar to highest literature data. Italian sixth and seventh division soccer
      referees show adequate physical capabilities and can use inexpensive wrist global
      positioning system receivers and heart rate monitors to evaluate them.

PMID- 19996778
TI  - The effect of extrinsic factors on simulated 20-km time trial performance.
AB  - During time trials cyclists start individually with a uniform time gap between
      riders. With the exception of the first and last cyclists all riders will chase
      riders ahead and be chased from behind. The purpose of this study was to
      determine if cycling in a lead or chase position would influence 20-km time trial
      performance. Eight male cyclists performed four 20-km indoor time trials. During
      trial 1 (T1) individuals cycled as fast as possible. Prior to the start of trial
      2 (T2) subjects were shown times and rank order from T1 and attempted to improve
      rank among opponents. After T2 subjects were ranked again and paired with the
      closest competitor. Subjects were alternately positioned to lead (TL) and chase
      (TC) in trials 3 and 4. TL and TC were counterbalanced. Means for time, mean
      power (MP), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and heart rate (HR) were
      recorded and pacing evenness was compared between trials using deviation scores
      (power variation at designated distances from overall mean). Repeated-measures
      analysis of variance (ANOVA) (alpha = 0.05) indicated no significant differences
      for HR or RPE. For time, T2 (33.84 +/- 1.38 minutes) was significantly faster
      than T1 (34.80 +/- 2.25 minutes) and MP was significantly greater (T1 = 229 +/-
      36 W, T2 = 243 +/- 24 W). Time for TC (33.52 +/- 1.33 minutes) was significantly
      faster than T1 (34.80 +/- 2.25 minutes). Pacing during TC (9 +/- 3 W) was
      significantly more even in comparison to TL (12 +/- 1 W). No significant
      difference in performance was detected between TC and TL. In conclusion,
      extrinsic factors (chase vs. lead position) did not affect overall performance,
      even when pacing altered between trials; however, differences in performance
      times may represent meaningful differences in competitive settings.

PMID- 19996779
TI  - Development of a modified Margaria-Kalamen anaerobic power test for American
      football athletes.
AB  - This study examined a modification of the Margaria-Kalamen test for football
      players. The football stair climb test (FST) protocol used in this study
      increased the vertical displacement (20 steps, 3.12 m) so that the mean best time
      for the test was 2.048 +/- 0.267 seconds. Fifty-eight Division I-A football
      players volunteered to participate (mean +/- SD age = 20.2 +/- 1.8 yr, height =
      184.1 +/- 7.7 cm, weight = 102.5 +/- 19.4 kg). Subjects performed 25 trials with
      30 to 40 seconds of rest between trials. Test-retest reliability was determined
      using 34 subjects by way of intraclass correlation coefficients with a value of
      0.73 for peak power and SEM of 105.4 W, indicating an acceptable level of
      reliability. Subjects were divided into 3 groups by position: linemen (Line),
      skill, and linebackers (LB). Alpha level was p < 0.05. Peak power was 1674.5 +/-
      300.8, 1712.6 +/- 251.5, and 1388.6 +/- 210.4 W for the LB, Line, and Skill
      groups, respectively. Groups were significantly different (p < 0.0001), with the
      LB and Line found to be more powerful than the Skill group. Peak power continued
      to increase throughout the 25 trials in the Skill and LB group but plateaued
      after approximately 17 trials in the Line group. It was concluded that the FST
      was a reliable test for measuring peak anaerobic power in collegiate football
      players, which, theoretically, should provide more accurate measures of peak
      power caused by increased vertical displacement and longer duration, resulting in
      a decreased influence of cheating strategies during test administration. To
      achieve maximal power in stair climbing tasks, coaches may need to incorporate a
      greater number of trials or a more intense warm-up than has been previously
      reported.

PMID- 19996780
TI  - A mechanical comparison of linear and double-looped hung supplemental heavy chain
      resistance to the back squat: a case study.
AB  - A relatively new and scarcely researched technique to increase strength is the
      use of supplemental heavy chain resistance (SHCR) in conjunction with plate
      weights to provide variable resistance to free weight exercises. The purpose of
      this case study was to determine the actual resistance being provided by a double
      looped versus a linear hung SHCR to the back squat exercise. The linear technique
      simply hangs the chain directly from the bar, whereas the double-looped technique
      uses a smaller chain to adjust the height of the looped chain. In both
      techniques, as the squat descends, chain weight is unloaded onto the floor, and
      as the squat ascends, chain weight is progressively loaded back as resistance.
      One experienced and trained male weight lifter (age = 33 yr; height = 1.83 m;
      weight = 111.4 kg) served as the subject. Plate weight was set at 84.1 kg,
      approximately 50% of the subject's 1 repetition maximum. The SHCR was affixed to
      load cells, sampling at a frequency of 500 Hz, which were affixed to the Olympic
      bar. Data were collected as the subject completed the back squat under the
      following conditions: double-looped 1 chain (9.6 kg), double-looped 2 chains
      (19.2 kg), linear 1 chain, and linear 2 chains. The double-looped SHCR resulted
      in a 78-89% unloading of the chain weight at the bottom of the squat, whereas the
      linear hanging SHCR resulted in only a 36-42% unloading. The double-looped
      technique provided nearly 2 times the variable resistance at the top of the squat
      compared with the linear hanging technique, showing that attention must be given
      to the technique used to hang SHCR.

PMID- 19996781
TI  - Effects of musical cadence in the acute physiologic adaptations to head-out
      aquatic exercises.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between musical
      cadence and the physiologic adaptations to basic head-out aquatic exercises.
      Fifteen young and clinically healthy women performed, immersed to the breast, a
      cardiovascular aquatic exercise called the "rocking horse." The study design
      included an intermittent and progressive protocol starting at a 90 b.min(-1)
      rhythm and increasing every 6 minutes, by 15 b.min(-1), up to 195 b.min(-1) or
      exhaustion. The rating of perceived effort (RPE) at the maximal heart rate
      achieved during each bout (HRmax), the percentage of the maximal theoretical
      heart rate estimated (%HRmax), and the blood lactate concentration ([La-]) were
      evaluated. The musical cadence was also calculated at 4 mmol.L(-1) of blood
      lactate (R4), the RPE at R4 (RPE@R4), the HR at R4 (HR@R4), and the %HRmax at R4
      (%HRmax@R4). Strong relationships were verified between the musical cadence and
      the RPE (R2 = 0.85; p < 0.01), the HRmax (R2 = 0.66; p < 0.01), the %HRmax (R =
      0.61; p < 0.01), and the [La-] (R2 = 0.54; p < 0.01). The R4 was 148.13 +/- 17.53
      b.min, the RPE@R4 was 14.53 +/- 2.53, the HR@R4 was 169.33 +/- 12.06 b.min, and
      the %HRmax@R4 was 85.53 +/- 5.72%. The main conclusion is that increasing musical
      cadence created an increase in the physiologic response. Therefore, instructors
      must choose musical cadences according to the goals of the session they are
      conducting to achieve the desired intensity.

PMID- 19996782
TI  - Determinants of the abilities to jump higher and shorten the contact time in a
      running 1-legged vertical jump in basketball.
AB  - This study was conducted to obtain useful information for developing training
      techniques for the running 1-legged vertical jump in basketball (lay-up shot
      jump). The ability to perform the lay-up shot jump and various basic jumps was
      measured by testing 19 male basketball players. The basic jumps consisted of the
      1-legged repeated rebound jump, the 2-legged repeated rebound jump, and the
      countermovement jump. Jumping height, contact time, and jumping index (jumping
      height/contact time) were measured and calculated using a contact mat/computer
      system that recorded the contact and air times. The jumping index indicates
      power. No significant correlation existed between the jumping height and contact
      time of the lay-up shot jump, the 2 components of the lay-up shot jump index. As
      a result, jumping height and contact time were found to be mutually independent
      abilities. The relationships in contact time between the lay-up shot jump to the
      1-legged repeated rebound jump and the 2-legged repeated rebound jump were
      correlated on the same significance levels (p < 0.05). A significant correlation
      for jumping height existed between the 1-legged repeated rebound jump and the lay
      up shot jump (p < 0.05), although none existed for jumping height between the lay
      up shot jump and both the 2-legged repeated rebound jump and countermovement
      jump. The lay-up shot index correlated more strongly to the 1-legged repeated
      rebound jump index (p < 0.01) when compared to the 2-legged repeated rebound jump
      index (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the 1-legged repeated rebound jump
      is effective in improving both contact time and jumping height in the lay-up shot
      jump.

PMID- 19996783
TI  - Time series analysis: evaluating performance trends within resistance exercise
      sessions.
AB  - Recent technical advances allow coaches, sport scientists, and researchers to
      take frequent performance measurements, both within a training session and across
      a period of training. These performance measurements should demonstrate a
      systematic pattern, based on physiologic responses and adaptations; however,
      variability in performance, resulting from both physiologic and psychological
      factors, may hamper interpretation of these measures. This report describes the
      moving-average method used in time series analysis to reduce variability and
      elucidate systematic patterns during high-power resistance exercise. Men (n = 10)
      power athletes performed 3 high-power resistance exercise sessions (75% 1
      repetition maximum [RM]/5 repetitions x 12 sets; 85% 1RM/3 x 15; 95% 1RM/1 x 20).
      Average barbell power was recorded during the exercise sessions using three
      dimensional motion analysis. High-power resistance exercise resulted in increases
      in performance early in the exercise sessions (p < 0.05) and decreases in
      performance after the mid-point in the exercise session (p < 0.05). Deviations in
      performance responses were observed, which obscured the systematic pattern. A 3
      point moving average reduced the effects of the deviations, allowing a systematic
      pattern, consistent with known acute physiologic responses, to be identified.
      Acutely, exercise elicits changes in performance that should follow a systematic
      pattern. Determining the systematic pattern associated with various exercise and
      loading parameters can be utilized to optimize such parameters to maximize the
      training stimulus while minimizing fatigue. The use of time series analysis,
      specifically the moving average technique, reduces within-session variability
      allowing the systematic pattern to be determined.

PMID- 19996784
TI  - Neuromuscular adaptations following antagonist resisted training.
AB  - The purpose was to assess a novel form of strength training, antagonist resisted
      training (ART), with potential use in microgravity and athletic rehabilitation
      settings. ART uses the force from antagonist muscles, during cocontractions, as
      the source of resistance for the agonists. Strength and electromyography (EMG)
      measurements were recorded before and after a 6-week training program during
      which participants trained the left arm while the right arm served as a control.
      Training was designed so that the elbow extensors (antagonists) served as
      resistance for the elbow flexors (agonists). Elbow flexor and extensor strengths
      were measured during maximal isometric contractions with the elbow fixed at 90
      degrees. EMG was recorded from the biceps brachii and lateral head of the triceps
      brachii during all strength tests. EMG was also recorded from both muscles during
      a maximal isometric cocontraction of the elbow flexors and extensors. Elbow
      flexion strength increased significantly for the trained arm (5.8%) relative to
      the control (0.5%) (p = 0.003). Elbow extension strength of the trained limb also
      increased significantly (8.5%) relative to the control (4.5%) (p = 0.029). Biceps
      and triceps EMG, during maximum strength tests, increased significantly for the
      trained arm (18.5 and 18.6%) relative to the control (0.5 and -5.2%) (p = 0.035
      and p = 0.01). Biceps and triceps EMG, during maximum cocontraction tests,
      increased significantly for the trained arm (30.1 and 61.1%) relative to the
      control (9.2 and 1.1%) (p = 0.042 and p = 0.0005). ART was found to increase
      strength and therefore could be an effective form of resistance training. Because
      it requires no equipment, ART may be especially applicable in microgravity
      environments, which have space and weight constraints.

PMID- 19996785
TI  - Physiologic effects of directional changes in intermittent exercise in soccer
      players.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to compare the physiologic impact of
      intermittent exercise in specific shuttle running (IS), which requires 180
      degrees  directional changes, and traditional in-line (IL) running. Ten elite
      male adult soccer players performed different intermittent exercises according to
      their maximal aerobic velocity (nu&OV0312;O2max): 30-30 seconds at 100% (30 s of
      runs at 100% of nu&OV0312;O2max alternated with 30-s recovery period), 105%, and
      110% of nu&OV0312;O2max with active recovery, 15-15 seconds at 105%, 110%, and
      115% of nu&OV0312;O2max, and 10-10 seconds at 110%, 115%, and 120% of
      nu&OV0312;O2max with passive recovery. Each exercise was performed in the IL and
      IS format in a randomized order. Heart rate (HR) expressed in percentage of HR
      reserve (HRres), postexercise blood lactate concentration [La], and ratings of
      perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. The different 30-30 seconds showed
      significantly higher HRres responses in IS compared with IL (p < 0.01). The [La]
      and RPE results indicated higher values in IS. In conclusion, the physiologic
      impact of specific IS is substantially higher than in traditional IL. The changes
      of direction induce an increase in the anaerobic metabolism solicitation and
      consequently create different responses compared with traditional IL running.
      This information can aid coaches in the design of intermittent training programs
      using classical (IL) or a specific form (IS) of running to induce different
      physiologic responses.

PMID- 19996786
TI  - The longitudinal effects of resisted sprint training using weighted sleds vs.
      weighted vests.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal effects of weighted
      sled (WS) and weighted vest (WV) sprint training on maximum velocity sprint
      performance and kinematics. Twenty male collegiate lacrosse players were randomly
      assigned to a WS group (n = 7) towing 10% body mass, a WV group (n = 6) loaded
      with 18.5% body mass, or an unresisted (UR) active control group (n = 7). All
      subjects completed 13 training sessions over 7 weeks. Pre- and post-test measures
      of sprint time and average velocity across the distance interval of 18.3 to 54.9
      m were used to assess sprint performance, whereas high-speed video (300 Hz) and
      motion-analysis software were used to analyze stride length, stride rate, ground
      contact time, and flight time. A 3 * 2 repeated measures analysis of variance was
      performed for each dependent variable and revealed no significant between-group
      differences for any of the sprint performance or kinematic stride cycle measures.
      Effect size statistics suggested small improvements in 18.3- to 54.9-m sprint
      time and average velocity for the UR group but only trivial improvements for the
      WS and WV groups. With regard to sprint performance, the results indicate that WS
      and WV training had no beneficial effect compared with UR training. In fact, for
      the loads used by WS and WV in this study, UR training may actually be superior
      for improving sprint performance in the 18.3- to 54.9-m interval.

PMID- 19996787
TI  - Time-course of changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant status responses
      following a soccer game.
AB  - Exercise-induced muscle damage is associated with an acute-phase inflammatory
      response characterized by phagocyte infiltration into muscle and free radical
      production. Although soccer includes intense eccentric muscle actions that cause
      muscle damage, the oxidative stress responses after a soccer game are currently
      unknown. The present investigation attempted to determine the responses of
      circulating levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant status markers during
      recovery from a soccer game. Twenty soccer players (experimental group) were
      assigned to 2 different teams that competed against each other (2 * 45 minutes).
      Ten other players served as controls (rested). Creatine kinase (CK) activity,
      uric acid, leukocyte count, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbnyls (PC), reduced
      (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase,
      glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX), delayed-onset of muscle soreness (DOMS),
      and anaerobic performance (speed, vertical jump performance) were measured before
      and following (immediately post, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours) the game.
      Performance deteriorated (2-17%, p < 0.05) throughout recovery. Leukocytosis
      developed (p < 0.05) immediately following the game and at 24 hours. Both CK and
      DOMS (3-8-fold, p < 0.05) increased from baseline and remained elevated (p <
      0.05) through 48 hours. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), PC, uric
      acid, GPX, and TAC increased (13-67%, p < 0.05) throughout recovery, whereas
      catalase was elevated (38%, p < 0.05) only immediately after the game. GSH/GSSG
      declined (17-75%, p < 0.05) throughout recovery. Our results suggest that
      oxidative stress is markedly upregulated by a soccer game, probably as a part of
      the exercise-induced inflammatory response, and is accompanied by a marked
      deterioration of anaerobic performance for as long as 72 hours.

PMID- 19996788
TI  - Energy cost and energy sources during a simulated firefighting activity.
AB  - This study aimed to 1) analyze the energy requirement (VO2eq) and the
      contribution of the aerobic (VO2ex), anaerobic alactic (VO2al), and anaerobic
      lactic (VO2la-) energy sources of a simulated intervention; 2) ascertain
      differences in mean VO2 and heart rate (HR) during firefighting tasks; and 3)
      verify the relationship between time of job completion and the fitness level of
      firefighters. Twenty Italian firefighters (age = 32 +/- 6 yr, VO2peak = 43.1 +/-
      4.9 mL.kg.min) performed 4 consecutive tasks (i.e., child rescue; 250-m run; find
      an exit; 250-m run) that required a VO2eq of 406.26 +/- 73.91 mL.kg (VO2ex = 86
      +/- 5%; VO2al = 9 +/- 3%; VO2la- = 5 +/- 3%). After 30 minutes, the recovery HR
      (108 +/- 15 beats.min) and VO2 (8.86+/-2.67mL.kg.min) were higher (p < 0.0001)
      than basal values (HR = 66 +/- 8 beats.min; VO2 = 4.57 +/- 1.07 mL.kg.min),
      indicating that passive recovery is insufficient in reducing the cardiovascular
      and thermoregulatory strain of the previous workload. Differences (p < 0.001)
      between tasks emerged for mean VO2 and HR, with a lack of significant correlation
      between the time of job completion and the firefighters' aerobic fitness. These
      findings indicate that unpredictable working conditions highly challenge expert
      firefighters who need adequate fitness levels to meet the requirements of their
      work. Practically, to enhance the fitness level of firefighters, specific
      interval training programs should include a wide variety of tasks requiring
      different intensities and decision-making strategies.

PMID- 19996789
TI  - Trunk muscle endurance tests: effect of trunk posture on test outcome.
AB  - The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different trunk
      postures during the abdominal flexor test on isometric endurance holding times
      and surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of contributing trunk flexor and
      extensor muscles in 16 healthy college-age male rowers (age, 22.0 +/- 1.55 years;
      height, 179.1 +/- 5.47 cm; weight, 68.0 +/- 4.18 kg) with a minimum of 12 months
      rowing experience. Subjects performed 2 maximal effort abdominal flexor tests, 1
      held with correct posture and the other with a slightly flexed incorrect trunk
      posture. Maximum holding time was assessed for each posture while EMG muscle
      activity was recorded for the external oblique, rectus abdominis, internal
      oblique, rectus femoris, and lumbar erector spinae muscles. Mean maximal holding
      time for the incorrectly positioned abdominal flexor test was significantly
      longer than for the correct position (p < 0.05). EMG activity during the first
      and last 20% of a time normalized comparison showed significantly lower muscle
      activity during the incorrect trunk posture in all muscles investigated (p <
      0.05). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in muscle activity when
      comparing an equivalent time period at the actual termination of each of the 2
      abdominal flexor tests. Although minor variations in trunk posture seem to be
      acceptable in practice of this isometric abdominal flexor test, the present data
      indicate that minor lumbar kyphosis deviating away from the correct abdominal
      flexor test posture can significantly skew test reliability, resulting in longer
      endurance holding times and relatively lower muscle activity of the trunk
      muscles.

PMID- 19996790
TI  - Treatment of displaced proximal fifth metatarsal fractures using a new one-step
      fixation technique.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fractures of the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal are common after
      foot twisting injuries, and operative treatment is recommended in cases of
      displacement. The purpose of this study was to report the radiologic outcome and
      clinical results of displaced fractures of the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal
      treated using fine-threaded K-wires (FFS). METHODS: In 3 years' time, in a total
      of 35 cases, patients had an initial fracture displacement of more than 2 mm for
      isolated extraarticular fractures and an involvement of the cuboidal joint
      surface of more than 30%. After 15 months to 60 months (mean, 30.6), 32 of these
      patients participated in a clinical follow-up examination and questionnaire
      according to a clinical rating system for midfoot fractures. Radiologic outcome
      measurements were the remaining postoperative intraarticular step off and the
      healing time. RESULTS: The mean midfoot scale score was 96.5 points. All the
      patients returned to prior activities after operative treatment. Seven patients
      reported minor pain during longer periods of walking. One patient with secondary
      wound healing experienced frequent pain. Radiologically, in 32 of 35 patients,
      there was a remaining step off of less than 1 mm and in three patients less than
      3 mm. All fractures except one healed within the first 3 months to 6 months.
      CONCLUSION: Operative treatment of displaced proximal fifth metatarsal fractures
      using the FFS system leads to a good clinical and radiologic outcome. The FFS
      system provides a new treatment option for this fracture type.

PMID- 19996791
TI  - Induced hypothermia attenuates the acute lung injury in hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In previous animal studies, induction of therapeutic hypothermia (HT)
      in hemorrhagic shock (HS) had beneficial effects on the hemodynamic and metabolic
      parameters and on the survival. However, the effect of induced HT on acute lung
      injury (ALI) in HS has not been investigated. We sought to determine the effects
      of HT on ALI in HS. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-390 g; n = 8 per
      group) were randomized to the normothermia (NT; 36-37 degrees C) group or the
      moderate HT (27-30 degrees C) group and were subjected to volume-controlled (2
      mL/100 g weight) HS (90 minutes) followed by 90 minutes of resuscitation. ALI
      score, lung malondialdehyde content, and myeloperoxidase activity were measured.
      The expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), phosphorylated GSK
      3beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heat shock protein (HSP) 72, and
      nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the lung were compared. RESULTS: ALI score,
      lung malondialdehyde content, and myeloperoxidase were lower in the HT group. GSK
      3beta and iNOS gene expressions in lung tissue were significantly decreased in
      the HT group (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the expression of phosphorylated GSK
      3beta was increased in the HT group (p < 0.001). HSP 72 was expressed in the HT
      group but not in the NT group. The activated p65 NF-kappaB levels in lung nuclear
      extract were significantly lower in the NT group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: HT
      attenuates HS-induced ALI in rats by the modulation of GSK, HSP 72, iNOS, and NF
      kappaB.

PMID- 19996792
TI  - Prehospital hypotension in blunt trauma: identifying the "crump factor".
AB  - BACKGROUND: Trauma activation for prehospital hypotension in blunt trauma is
      controversial. Some patients subsequently arrive at the trauma center
      normotensive, but they can still have life-threatening injuries. Admission base
      deficit (BD)<=-6 correlates with injury severity, transfusion requirement, and
      mortality. Can admission BD be used to discriminate those severely injured
      patients who arrive normotensive but "crump," (i.e., become hypotensive again) in
      the Emergency Department? The purpose is to determine whether admission BD<-6
      discriminates patients at risk for future bouts of unexpected hypotension during
      evaluation. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on all blunt trauma
      admissions at a Level I trauma center from August 2002 through July 2007.
      Hypotension was defined as a systolic blood pressure<=90 mm Hg. Patients who were
      hypotensive in the field but normotensive upon arrival in the emergency
      department (ED) were included. Age, gender, injury severe score, arterial blood
      gas analysis, results of focused abdominal sonogram for trauma (FAST), computed
      tomography, intravenous fluid administration, blood transfusions, and the
      presence of repeat bouts of hypotension were noted. Patients were stratified by
      BD<=-6 or >=-5. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test, chi, and
      logistic regression analysis with significance attributed to p<0.05. RESULTS:
      During the 5-year period, 231 blunt trauma patients had hypotension in the field
      with subsequent normotension on admission to the ED. Of these, 189 patients had
      admission BD data recorded. Patients with a BD<=-6 were significantly more likely
      to have repeat hypotension (78% vs. 30%, p<0.001). Overall mortality was 13% (24
      of 189), but patients with repeat hypotension had greater mortality (24% vs. 5%,
      p<0.003). CONCLUSION: Blunt trauma patients with repeat episodes of hypotension
      have significantly greater mortality. Patients with transient field hypotension
      and a BD<=-6 are more than twice as likely to have repeat hypotension (crump).
      This study reinforces the need for early arterial blood gases and trauma team
      involvement in the evaluation of these patients. Patients with BD<=-6 should have
      early invasive monitoring, liberal use of repeat FAST exams, and careful
      resuscitation before computed tomography scanning. Surgeons should have a low
      threshold for taking such patients to the operating room.

PMID- 19996793
TI  - Abbreviated injury scale scoring in traffic fatalities: comparison of
      computerized tomography and autopsy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the value of
      postmortem computerized tomography (CT) for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)
      scoring and Injury Severity Scoring (ISS) of traffic fatalities. MATERIAL: This
      is a prospective investigation of a consecutive series of 52 traffic fatalities
      from Southern Denmark that were CT scanned and autopsied. The AIS and ISS scores
      based on CT and autopsy (AU) were registered in a computer database and compared.
      Kappa values for reproducibility of AIS-severity scores and ISS scores were
      calculated. RESULTS: On an average, there was a 94% agreement between AU and CT
      in detecting the presence or absence of lesions in the various anatomic regions,
      and the severity scores were the same in 90% of all cases (range, 75-100%). When
      different severity scoring was obtained, CT detected more lesions with a high
      severity score in the facial skeleton, pelvis, and extremities, whereas AU
      detected more lesions with high scores in the soft tissues (especially in the
      aorta), cranium, and ribs. The kappa value for reproducibility of AIS scores
      confirmed that the agreement between the two methods was good. The lowest kappa
      values (>0.6) were found for the facial skeleton, cerebellum, meninges, neck
      organs, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. In these areas, the kappa
      value provided moderate agreement between CT and AU. For all other areas, there
      was a substantial agreement between the two methods. The ISS scores obtained by
      CT and by AU were calculated and were found to be with no or moderate variation
      in 85%. Rupture of the aorta was often overlooked by CT, resulting in too low ISS
      scoring. DISCUSSION: The most precise postmortem AIS and ISS scorings of traffic
      fatalities was obtained by a combination of AU and CT. If it is not possible to
      perform an AU, then CT may be used as an acceptable alternative for AIS scoring.
      We have identified one important obstacle for postmortem ISS scoring, namely that
      aorta ruptures are not easily detected by post mortem CT.

PMID- 19996794
TI  - Odontoid fractures in the elderly: should we operate?
AB  - BACKGROUND: : Treatment of odontoid fractures remains controversial. There are
      conflicting data in the literature with regard to timing of operative fixation
      (OP), as well as whether OP should be performed. Within our own institution,
      treatment is variable depending largely on surgeon preference. This study was
      undertaken in an attempt to develop management consensus by examining outcomes in
      elderly patients with odontoid fractures and comparing OP to a nonoperative (non
      OP) approach. METHODS: : The trauma registry of our level I trauma center was
      queried for elderly (age > or = 60) patients with odontoid fractures from January
      2000 to May 2006. Patients were then grouped according to treatment, early-OP (<
      or =3 days posttrauma), late-OP (>3 days), or non-OP treatment. Patient
      characteristics that were evaluated and compared among the three groups included
      age, Injury Severity Score, preexisting conditions, and the type of odontoid
      fracture. Outcomes evaluated included in-hospital mortality, ventilator days,
      hospital length of stay (HLOS), need for tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic
      gastrostomy (PEG), and the complications of urinary tract infection (UTI), deep
      vein thrombosis (DVT), and pneumonia. Differences among groups were tested using
      analysis of variance, Students t test, chi, and Fishers exact test. RESULTS: :
      The non-OP patients were significantly older than either operative group (mean,
      82.4 for non-OP; 77.4 for early-OP; and 76.4 for late-OP; p = 0.006 non-OP
      compared with either operative group). Injury Severity Score, number of
      preexisting conditions, mechanism of injury, and distribution of type of odontoid
      fractures were similar among all three groups. There was no statistically
      significant difference in mortality among the three groups (11.7% early-OP, 8.7%
      late-OP, and 17.6% non-OP). There was also no difference among all three groups
      with respect for the need for tracheostomy and PEG and the development of UTI or
      pneumonia. However, there were significantly less DVTs in the non-OP group
      compared with the early-OP group (2.9% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.02). The percentage of
      patients discharged to a skilled nursing facility was similar among all three
      groups. The non-OP group had a significant decrease in both ventilator days and
      HLOS when compared with the operative groups. Only 2.9% of non-OP patients
      returned for OP for nonunion of the odontoid fracture. CONCLUSIONS: : Despite
      being an older population, elderly patients with odontoid fracture who were
      managed non-OP had similar mortality, UTI, and pneumonia rates compared with
      their younger counterparts who underwent OP. The need for tracheostomy and PEG
      and discharge disposition was similar among all three groups. Elderly patients
      with odontoid fracture managed non-OP had a reduction in HLOS and ventilator days
      compared with either operative group and less DVT compared with the early
      operative group. Based on these results, non-OP management should be given strong
      consideration in elderly patients with traumatic odontoid fractures.

PMID- 19996795
TI  - Incidence and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis after moderate and severe
      brain injury.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with traumatic injuries possess a high risk of developing
      deep venous thrombosis (DVT), thus the need for appropriate prophylaxis. Patients
      with head injuries pose a unique challenge due to contraindication to the use of
      anticoagulation. We sought to determine the incidence of DVT and identify
      specific risk factors for its development in patients with head injuries.
      METHODS: All head injury admissions between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2006,
      with a length of stay >or=7 days were identified. Patient data including age,
      sex, injuries, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and venous duplex
      scan results were collected. Mechanical methods were routinely used for
      prophylaxis; heparin was not used in this population. Weekly duplex screening was
      commenced at 7 days to 10 days after admission. RESULTS: There were 939 patients
      who met criteria for review, however, duplex scans were performed in only 677,
      which was the population studied. Overall, DVT was present in 31.6%. There were
      fewer DVTs in patients with isolated head injuries (25.8%) compared with patients
      with those with head and extracranial injuries (34.3%)--p = 0.026. Independent
      predictors for DVT identified included male gender (p = 0.04), age >or=55 (p <
      0.001), ISS >or=15 (p = 0.014), subarachnoid hemorrhage (p = 0.006), and lower
      extremity injury (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: DVT occurs in one third of moderately
      to severely brain injured patients. Isolated head injuries have a lower
      incidence. Older age, male gender, higher ISS, and the presence of a lower
      extremity injury are strong predictors for developing DVT. Regular screening and
      the use of prophylactic inferior vena cava filters in patients with risk factors
      should be strongly considered.

PMID- 19996796
TI  - Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism during rehabilitation for traumatic brain
      injury: a multicenter observational study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of mortality and
      morbidity after traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is no consensus regarding
      appropriate screening, prophylaxis, or treatment during acute rehabilitation.
      METHODS: This prospective observational study evaluated prophylactic
      anticoagulation during rehabilitation in patients with TBI aged 16 years or older
      admitted to 12 TBI Model Systems rehabilitation centers (July 2004-December
      2007). After propensity score stratification within center, the odds ratio
      associated with incidence of symptomatic DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE) for
      patients who did and did not receive prophylactic anticoagulation was estimated
      using conditional logistic regression in patients who were not screened for DVT
      on rehabilitation admission or who screened negative; the analysis was repeated
      in these two subgroups. RESULTS: Patients with identified DVTs at rehabilitation
      admission (n = 266) were excluded, leaving 1,897 patients: 1,002 screened
      negative, 895 unscreened; 932 received prophylactic anticoagulation, and 965 did
      not. Symptomatic DVT/PE was detected in 32 patients (15 of 932 [1.6%] with
      prophylaxis, 17 of 965 [1.8%] without). After propensity score adjustment, the
      odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for symptomatic DVT/PE with prophylaxis
      versus no prophylaxis was 0.80 (0.33-1.94) in the full analytic population and
      0.46 (0.12-1.84) in the screened-negative subgroup. The only probable venous
      thromboembolism-related death occurred in the prophylactic anticoagulation group.
      Fewer new/expanded intracranial hemorrhages occurred among patients who received
      prophylactic anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic anticoagulation during
      rehabilitation seemed safe for TBI patients whose physicians deemed it
      appropriate, but did not conclusively reduce venous thromboembolism. Given the
      number of DVTs present before rehabilitation, screening and prophylaxis during
      acute care may be more important.

PMID- 19996797
TI  - Management of hemorrhage in severe pelvic injuries.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Major pelvic trauma results in high mortality. No standard technique
      to control pelvic hemorrhage has been identified. METHODS: In this retrospective
      study, the clinical course of hemodynamically instable trauma patients with
      pelvic fractures treated according to an institutional algorithm focusing on
      basic radiologic diagnostics, external fixation, and early angiographic
      embolization was evaluated. Study variables included demographics, data on the
      type and extent of injury, achievement of time from admission to hemorrhage
      control, complications of angiography, red blood cell needs, and outcome.
      Standard statistical tests were used. RESULTS: Of 1,476 pelvic fracture patients,
      45 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two patients presented with severe intra
      abdominal hemorrhage and underwent emergency laparotomy with pelvic packing.
      Forty-two patients underwent angiographic embolization before (n = 24) or after
      (n = 18) a computed tomography scan. Applying the clinical algorithm, pelvic
      hemorrhage was controlled in all but one patient who died before any intervention
      could be initiated (97.8%). The hourly need for red blood cell transfusions
      decreased during 24 hours after angiographic embolization when compared with
      before the procedure (3.7 +/- 3.5 vs. 0.1 +/- 0.1 U/h; p < 0.001). In patients
      undergoing angiographic embolization, the mean time to hemorrhage control was 163
      minutes +/- 83 minutes. Hospital mortality was 26.2%. Two patients required
      reembolization because of hemorrhage from other than the primary bleeding site.
      One patient developed gluteal necrosis, and nine subsequently required renal
      replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Application of a clinical algorithm focusing on
      basic radiologic diagnostics, external fixation, and early angiographic
      embolization was effective and safe to rapidly control hemorrhage in
      hemodynamically instable trauma patients with pelvic fractures.

PMID- 19996798
TI  - External fixation versus "pi" plate for distal radius fractures.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fractures of the distal radius are among the most common fractures in
      orthopedic practice. The purpose of our study was to explore the advantages and
      disadvantages of two methods of treatment for this type of fracture. METHODS: One
      hundred thirteen fractures of the distal radius have been operated; 49 fractures
      were treated with an external fixator and 64 fractures by internal fixation using
      a "pi" plate. The mean follow-up was 12 months. Clinical evaluation was performed
      using the modified Gartland and Werley's Functional Scoring System. Radiographic
      evaluation was performed using the modified Lidstrom Radiographic Scoring System.
      RESULTS: Clinical results were similar between the two groups of patients (p =
      0.46). Radiographic parameters were superior in the group of patients treated
      with open reduction and internal fixation (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Final
      functional results are comparable between external fixation and dorsal "pi"
      plating.

PMID- 19996799
TI  - Lidocaine enhances apoptosis and suppresses mitochondrial functions of human
      neutrophil in vitro.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Neutrophils play an essential role in innate immunity and against
      infection. Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy in the form of
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is required for maintaining the function and
      structure of cells and organs. Although local anesthetics (LAs) are widely used
      in clinical practice, it remains unclear whether LAs such as lidocaine,
      ropivacaine, and bupivacaine affect neutrophil mitochondrial functions. The aim
      of this study was to examine whether LAs have any effects on human neutrophil
      mitochondrial functions. METHODS: Freshly isolated human neutrophils were
      incubated with lidocaine, ropivacaine, or bupivacaine. The oxidative burst and
      phagocytic activity of neutrophils and apoptotic rate of neutrophils were
      measured to assess the effect of LAs on neutrophil functions. The ATP
      concentration, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim), and neutrophil
      mitochondrial morphology were also measured to evaluate the effect of LAs on
      mitochondrial functions. RESULTS: Lidocaine (400 microm) induced a reduction in
      the oxidative burst and phagocytosis activity of neutrophils by approximately
      20%. The ATP concentration was significantly lower in lidocain-treated
      neutrophils compared with control neutrophils (876 +/- 25 vs. 1,332 +/- 76
      pmol/10(6) neutrophils; p < 0.05). Mitochondrial transmembrane potential
      (Deltapsim) was also significantly lower in lidocaine-treated neutrophils
      compared with control neutrophils (p < 0.05). Lidocaine also induced
      mitochondrial structural changes and induced apoptosis of neutrophils.
      Ropivacaine and bupivacaine had no effect on neutrophil functions including
      mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the study of mitochondrial function
      depletion demonstrated that neutrophil function requires active mitochondrial
      function. CONCLUSIONS: Although ropivacaine and bupivacaine had no effect on
      neutrophil and mitochondrial functions, lidocaine suppressed neutrophil function,
      inhibited ATP synthesis, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced
      apoptosis.

PMID- 19996800
TI  - Clinical re-examination 10 or more years after polytrauma: is there a gender
      related difference?
AB  - BACKGROUND: : Previous studies documented that premenopausal women better
      tolerate severe injuries than men in regards to mortality and intensive care
      complications. We test the hypothesis whether surviving women have a better long
      term outcome than surviving men. METHODS: : We reassessed 637 polytrauma patients
      10 or more years (mean 17 +/- 5 years) after trauma. Mental health was assessed
      by the posttraumatic stress diagnostic scale and the Hospital Anxiety and
      Depression Scale. The clinical outcome was assessed by standardized scores
      (Hannover Score for Polytrauma Outcome and short form-12). A physical examination
      was performed by an orthopedic surgeon. RESULTS: : We studied 479 men (M; 75.4%)
      and 158 women (F; 24.6%) aged M = 26.7 +/- 12.2 versus F = 25.9 +/- 13.0 years (p
      = 0.47). Injury Severity Score showed M = 20.4 +/- 9.9 versus F = 21.7 +/- 9.7 (p
      = 0.13). Women showed a higher rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (F = 14.5%
      vs. M = 6.2%; p = 0.035) and psychologic support (F = 28.0% vs. M = 15.0%; p <
      0.001), longer duration of rehabilitation, and longer sick leave time. Quality-of
      life was significantly lower in women (Short form-12 psychologic F = 48.6 +/-
      10.8 vs. M = 50.8 +/- 9.4; p = 0.02), but the same rate of women (75.3%) and men
      (75.4%; p = 0.995) felt well rehabilitated. CONCLUSION: : Late after polytrauma,
      women suffer more severe psychologic impairment than men who had similar
      injuries. This finding is independent of physical impairment and the subjective
      feeling of a good rehabilitation outcome. Clinically, women require special
      support even years after injury to improve their psychologic status. In the
      future, they might benefit from early concomitant psychologic treatment if mental
      problems are suspected.

PMID- 19996801
TI  - Development of the radiographic union score for tibial fractures for the
      assessment of tibial fracture healing after intramedullary fixation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: : The objective was to evaluate the newly developed Radiographic
      Union Score for Tibial fractures (RUST). Because there is no "gold standard," it
      was hypothesized that the RUST score would provide substantial improvements
      compared with previous scores presented in the literature. METHODS: : Forty-five
      sets of X-rays of tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary fixation
      were selected. Seven orthopedic reviewers independently scored bony union using
      RUST. Radiographs were reassessed at 9 weeks. Intraclass correlation coefficients
      (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) measured agreement. RESULTS: : Overall
      agreement was substantial (ICC, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.91). There was improved
      reliability among traumatologists compared with others (ICC = 0.86, 0.81, and
      0.83, respectively). Overall intraobserver reliability was also substantial (ICC,
      0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: : The RUST score exhibits substantial
      improvements in reliability from previously published scores and produces equally
      reproducible results among a variety of orthopedic specialties and experience
      levels. Because no "gold standards" currently exist against which RUST can be
      compared, this study provides only the initial step in the score's full
      validation for use in a clinical context.

PMID- 19996802
TI  - A nationwide review of the associations among cervical spine injuries, head
      injuries, and facial fractures.
AB  - BACKGROUND: : Several small studies have investigated the relationship among
      facial fractures, c-spine injuries, and head injuries with varying results.
      Determining this correlation at a national level would be the first step in
      updating the trauma imaging protocol. The purpose of this study was to review the
      incidence of facial fractures, c-spine injuries, and head injuries at trauma
      centers across the United States. METHODS: : The design was a retrospective chart
      review of International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, diagnosis and
      procedure codes from the National Trauma Data Bank between the years 2002 and
      2006. This included data on more than 2.7 million reported traumas. RESULTS: :
      The incidence of facial fracture was 13.5% in patients with a c-spine injury,
      21.7% in patients with a head injury, and 24.0% of patients with a combined c
      spine and head trauma. Head injuries were found in 40.2% of patients with a c
      spine injury, 67.9% of patients with a facial fracture, and 71.5% of patients
      with a combined c-spine injury and facial fracture. C-spine injuries were
      reported in 6.7% of facial fractures, 7.0% of head injuries, and 7.8% of patients
      with a combined facial fracture and head injury. CONCLUSIONS: : This is the
      largest review in history documenting these associations. Pending cost-benefit
      analysis, the current trauma imaging protocol may be challenged.

PMID- 19996803
TI  - Evaluation of novel vanilloid-based hemostatic agents in rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: : Hemostatic dressings containing clotting factors, biodegradable
      matrices, and recombinant proteins have been developed to control bleeding for
      battlefield trauma and trauma in clinical settings. Our present study evaluates
      the use of a vanilloid compound in biodegradable hemostatic dressings in a rat
      model of trauma. METHODS: : Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 180) were randomly
      divided into treatment groups and control groups and subjected to a lethal groin
      injury at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Treatment groups included hemostatic
      matrices consisting of Protosan and graded doses of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%
      of the vanilloid agonist CAP-305. Powder or bilayer patch formulations were
      applied to the injury site. The seal integrity was assessed by reperfusion of the
      animal to a minimum mean-arterial pressure (MAP) of 80 mm Hg and monitoring for
      60 minutes postinjury. RESULTS: : Powder and patch formulations loaded with
      varying concentrations of CAP-305 were evaluated. Powders containing 2.5% to 20%
      drug by weight showed 40% to 80% seal rates at 37 degrees C (p < 0.0001), whereas
      no significant results were obtained at 30 degrees C compared with the control
      animals. Conversely, bilayer patches loaded with 5% to 20% drug exhibited a
      consistent 70% seal rate (p < 0.0001) at 37 degrees C and 70% to 90% seal rates
      (p < 0.0001) in hypothermic animals when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: :
      Our study demonstrates the efficacy of CAP-305 loaded hemostatic dressings in the
      rat model of lethal groin injury. This study provides relevant proof of concept
      for the development of vanilloid agonists as hemostatic agents.

PMID- 19996804
TI  - Prothrombin complex concentrate versus recombinant factor VIIa for reversal of
      hemodilutional coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fluid resuscitation after traumatic injury may necessitate
      coagulation factor replacement to prevent bleeding complications of dilutional
      coagulopathy. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is being widely
      investigated as a hemostatic agent in trauma. Multicomponent therapy with
      prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) containing coagulation factors II, VII, IX,
      and X might offer potential advantages. METHODS: Anesthetized mildly hypothermic
      normotensive pigs were hemodiluted by substituting 65% to 70% of total blood
      volume in phases with hydroxyethyl starch and red cells. Thereafter, animals
      received 12.5 mL . kg isotonic saline placebo, 35 IU . kg PCC, or 180 microg x kg
      rFVIIa. Immediately afterward, a standardized spleen injury was inflicted, and
      prothrombin time (PT) and hemostasis were assessed. Thrombin generation was also
      determined. RESULTS: Hemodilution depleted levels of factors II, VII, IX, and X
      markedly, prolonged PT and decreased thrombin formation. PCC and rFVIIa both
      fully normalized the hemodilution-induced lengthening of PT. In PCC recipients,
      peak thrombin generation was greater by a median of 60.7 nM (confidence interval
      56.4-64.9 nM) compared with the rFVIIa group (p = 0.008). After spleen trauma,
      time to hemostasis was shortened to a median of 35 minutes in animals treated
      with PCC versus 94 minutes with rFVIIa (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: In a pilot study
      involving an in vivo large-animal model of spleen trauma, PCC accelerated
      hemostasis and augmented thrombin generation compared with rFVIIa. Further
      investigations are warranted on PCC as a hemostatic agent in trauma.

PMID- 19996805
TI  - Nature of myeloid cells expressing arginase 1 in peripheral blood after trauma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Myeloid cells that express arginase 1 are upregulated by different
      stimuli, including trauma, and are capable of depleting arginine from the
      surrounding environment. Through arginine depletion, myeloid cells are capable of
      regulating T-cell function. We have previously reported increased arginase 1
      expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after injury. The
      nature of the cells expressing arginase in humans after trauma is unknown and is
      the focus of this article. METHODS: PBMCs were isolated using a Ficoll-Hypaque
      gradient. Arginase activity was measured by conversion of arginine to ornithine,
      and arginase 1 protein expression was measured by Western blot. The percent CD16
      granulocytes and phenotypical analysis of the cells present in PBMCs were
      determined by flow cytometry. Magnetic microbeads were used for isolation and
      exclusion of specific cell subpopulations. RESULTS: Trauma patients exhibited a
      dramatic increase in arginase activity (p < 0.05) and an increased percentage of
      CD16 granulocytes in the PBMC layer (p < 0.05) compared with control volunteers.
      Increased arginase activity in the PBMC layer was due to the contamination of
      this layer by granulocytes, as their exclusion decreased arginase activity back
      to baseline (p < 0.05). Granulocytes isolated from the PBMC layer expressed
      increased CD11b (p < 0.05) and CD66b (p < 0.05), markers of granulocyte
      activation. Furthermore, these granulocytes were significantly more swollen and
      degranulated compared with noncontaminating granulocytes. CONCLUSION: In humans,
      increased arginase 1 expression after trauma observed in the PBMC layer seems to
      be exclusively the result of an increased number of activated granulocytes.

PMID- 19996806
TI  - Encouraging outcomes of staged, uncemented arthroplasty with short-term
      antibiotic therapy for treatment of recalcitrant septic arthritis of the native
      hip.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Septic arthritis in native hip joints is a rare but serious condition
      in adult patients. Prompt aggressive surgical and medical treatment is a
      challenge, and the outcomes after delayed management can be devastating. This
      article reports the findings of treatment of recalcitrant cases using a
      standardized protocol. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive patients (15 hips) were
      treated with two-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) for septic arthritis of the
      hip joint over a 6-year period. All patients underwent resection arthroplasty and
      implantation of an antibiotic-loaded articulating spacer in the first stage,
      short-term systemic antibiotic therapy during the interim period, and subsequent
      THA without bone cement in the second stage. RESULTS: One patient required
      additional debridement and spacer reinsertion before THA. The mean interim period
      was 12.9 weeks (range, 6-31 weeks). After an average follow-up period of 42.5
      months (range, 25-72 months) after THA, there was no evidence of recurrent
      infection or loosening of the prostheses in any patient. The average Merle
      D'Aubigne and Postel hip score improved from 9.3 (range, 5-15) to 13.5 (range, 12
      16) between stages and to 16.7 (range, 15-18) at the latest follow-up.
      CONCLUSIONS: Two-stage uncemented THA is a reliable treatment option for adult
      patients with recalcitrant septic hips. If an antibiotic-loaded interim spacer is
      used, routine, prolonged systemic antibiotic therapy may not be necessary.

PMID- 19996807
TI  - The impact of open reduction internal fixation on acute pain management in
      unstable pelvic ring injuries.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The management of unstable pelvic ring injuries is complex.
      Displacement is a clear indication for surgical intervention. However, reduction
      of acute pain after stabilization may have substantial clinical benefits and
      affect management decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      impact of operative fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries in diminishing
      acute pain. METHODS: During a 33-month period, 70 patients with isolated pelvic
      ring injuries were managed at a Level-1 trauma center and retrospectively
      reviewed. On the basis of clinical and radiographic instability, 38 patients were
      managed surgically and formed the study group. Pain was assessed using visual
      analog scales and narcotic consumption during the index hospitalization. RESULTS:
      In the operative group, visual analog scale scores decreased 48% after fixation
      from 4.71 +/- 1.8 preoperatively to 2.85 +/- 0.8 postoperatively (p < 0.001).
      Concomitantly, narcotic requirements decreased 25% from 2.26 mg morphine per hour
      preoperatively to 1.71 mg morphine per hour postoperatively (p = 0.024). The mean
      total length of hospital stay was 5.6 days (SD, 1.2 days), and the postoperative
      length of hospital stay was 4.7 days (SD, 1.2 days). CONCLUSIONS: Operative
      reduction and fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries significantly decreases
      acute pain. This has substantial physiologic benefits, particularly by improving
      mobilization, and should be an additional factor when determining surgical
      indication and timing.

PMID- 19996808
TI  - Patients education of a self-reduction technique for anterior glenohumeral
      dislocation of shoulder.
AB  - BACKGROUND: : Anterior dislocation of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) is one of
      the most prevalent dislocations. Following a first dislocation recurrence rates
      of up to 80% have been reported. Many patients will seek medical assistance for
      reduction of the shoulder after each of these recurrent dislocations. We describe
      the results of reduction of anterior glenohumeral dislocation using a modified
      self manipulated Milch technique that can be performed by the patients themselves
      after simple guidance and demonstration. This method is directed to patients who
      are not willing or cannot have surgical stabilization and may be in a place where
      medical assistance is not available. PATIENTS: : The patient is placed in a
      supine position, and begins slowly to actively abduct and externally rotate the
      dislocated shoulder until the arm is overhead. Once the overhead position has
      been achieved, the arm is gently lowered back to the side of the body.
      Simultaneously, the patient has to apply pressure to the front of the shoulder
      with the other hand to maintain position until the reduction is complete.
      RESULTS: : Thirty-two dislocated shoulders in 33 consecutive patients suffering
      from recurrent dislocations were successfully reduced by this technique. Mean
      reduction time was 10 minutes. DISCUSSION: : The results illustrate the fact that
      most patients are able to reliably and reproducibly reduce glenohumeral
      dislocations by themselves. Subsequent dislocations can be reduced promptly
      decreasing the dislocation time thus avoiding further damage to the shoulder,
      achieving immediate pain relief, and removing the immediate necessity for medical
      attendance.

PMID- 19996809
TI  - Sex differences in the temporal lobe white matter and the corpus callosum: a
      diffusion tensor tractography study.
AB  - We assessed sex differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusion (MD)
      of temporal lobe white matter (TLWMFA, TLWMMD), TLWM asymmetry, and the
      relationship between TLWM asymmetry and FA and MD of the corpus callosum (CCFA,
      CCMD) using diffusion tensor tractography. We found sex differences in the MD of
      both inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF); however, it disappeared after
      statistical adjustments for intracranial volume and CCMD variability. FA of the
      superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLFFA) and FA and MD of the ILF (ILFFA, ILFMD)
      showed leftward asymmetry. In females, the asymmetry indices of SLFFA and the MD
      of the SLF were significantly correlated with CCFA and CCMD, respectively, which
      may be related to sex differences in the hemispheric specialization for language.

PMID- 19996810
TI  - Synaptic plasticity dynamics in the hippocampal-prefrontal pathway in vivo.
AB  - We examined the effect of long-term potentiation (LTP) on paired-pulse responses
      across varied stimulus intensities and interstimulus intervals (ISIs), at
      ascending synapses from the intermediate and ventral hippocampus to the medial
      prefrontal cortex in urethane-anesthetized rats. LTP significantly shifted the
      median effective stimulus towards lower intensities in the intermediate route,
      and increased at 25-ms ISI the paired-pulse response, which was inversely
      proportional to the stimulus intensity. In the ventral route, the paired-pulse
      response varied with ISI rather than intensity, and increased at 50-ms and 100-ms
      ISI after LTP. The intermediate synaptic plasticity significantly exhibited total
      amplifier dynamics with wide ranges of frequency at lower intensity and intensity
      at 100-ms ISI in contrast to the ventral one.

PMID- 19996811
TI  - Poor reading skills may involve a failure to focus attention.
AB  - A source localization analysis was carried out to provide brain functional and
      structural assessments of individuals with poor reading skills. Standardized low
      resolution brain electromagnetic tomography was used to locate sources of P2 and
      P3 event-related potential components in normal readers and in poor reader
      children performing a cued continuous performance task. Cue-elicited P2 sources
      in the right superior parietal gyrus were smaller in 37 poor readers than in 40
      normal readers. Poor readers showed a higher P3 activation in response to a false
      target in frontal and frontorbital regions than normal readers. These results
      suggest that reading disabilities may be attributed to failures in attentional
      focalization for incoming stimuli.

PMID- 19996812
TI  - Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by lymph nodes of HIV patients is inversely related to
      CD4 cell count.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose
      uptake by lymph nodes, the number of sites of lymph node involvement and cluster
      of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count. An inverse relationship, if existing,
      between these variables would provide indirect support for the concept of homing
      induced apoptosis. METHODS: We evaluated the intensity and extent of
      fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes of HIV patients under antiviral
      treatment by means of PET imaging. Quantitative results obtained were related to
      CD4 cell count and viral loads. Correlation analysis was performed using a
      nonparametric test and correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Predominant
      sites of lymph node involvement were the cervical and axillary regions, followed
      by the inguinal region. CD4 cell count was inversely correlated to the average of
      the averaged standardized uptake values (SUV) of involved lymph nodes and to the
      number of sites of lymph node involvement. Viral load was positively correlated
      to the average of the averaged SUV-mean values of involved lymph nodes and also
      to the number of sites of lymph nodes involved. An inverse correlation between
      CD4 cell count and viral load was identified. CONCLUSION: The inverse
      relationship between CD4 cell count and the average of the averaged SUV-mean
      values of involved lymph nodes and between CD4 cell count and the number of sites
      of lymph node involvement observed, indirectly supports the theory of CD4 cell
      depletion through forced lymph node homing.

PMID- 19996813
TI  - Use of Acular LS in the pain management of keratoconus: a pilot study.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy of
      ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% for pain management in conjunction with rigid gas
      permeable contact lenses in keratoconus. Any potential side effects and
      complications of this application were examined. METHODS: A total of 12 current
      keratoconus patients who were presently experiencing discomfort or pain
      associated with their rigid gas permeables for keratoconus and/or who were
      contact lens-intolerant were identified from the existing patient population at
      the SUNY University Optometric Center. Symptomatic subjects were identified
      through positive feedback to a study Inclusion Questionnaire mailed to their
      homes. Subjects were treated on the basis of each eye separately in a modified
      monocular trial that spanned 5 weeks. After establishing that all inclusion and
      exclusion criteria were met, subjects were instructed to first use an unlabeled
      bottle of artificial tear solution (placebo) for 2 weeks, and then an unmarked
      bottle of ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% for 2 weeks in the designated eye. One drop
      was instilled twice a day, and the eye not assigned to take the drops served as
      the control. Subjects were monitored through weekly follow-up visits and repeated
      Keratoconus Symptom and Severity Questionnaires. RESULTS: Responses from the
      Keratoconus Symptom and Severity Questionnaire were analyzed using a 2-factor
      Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. Among the small subject subset, there was
      no statistically significant predilection for the ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% in
      managing the discomfort and pain associated with keratoconus. The artificial tear
      solution appeared to be equally effective in improving comfort. CONCLUSIONS:
      There was no conclusive result as to the efficacy of the ketorolac tromethamine
      0.4% vs. the artificial tear solution in the pain management of keratoconus. This
      could be attributed to a number of physiological and situational factors, as well
      as small sample size.

PMID- 19996814
TI  - Effect of age using Lea Symbols or HOTV for preschool vision screening.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of the Lea Symbols and the HOTV distance
      visual acuity tests, presented monocularly in linear, crowded formats at 3 m, as
      vision screening tests to identify 3- to 5-year-old children in need of eye care.
      METHODS: Subjects were 1,142 3- to 5-year-old Head Start children who completed a
      comprehensive eye examination, used to determine if the child had one or more
      targeted conditions: amblyopia, strabismus, significant refractive error, or
      unexplained reduced visual acuity. Each child was tested on both tests by masked
      examiners, with test order determined randomly. The optotype sizes administered
      were age-based according to the child's age at school entry on September 1.
      Children of age 3 were tested with 10/100, 10/32, 10/25, and 10/20 optotypes
      whereas those who were 4 were tested with 10/100, 10/25, 10/20, and 10/16
      optotypes. RESULTS: Most children (>95%) completed both tests, with no
      statistically significant differences. Pass/fail cut-offs were set to yield
      specificities as close as possible to 90%. The largest sensitivity differences
      observed were in the 3-year-old group (mean age, 45.3 months), where the
      sensitivity for detection of > or =1 targeted conditions was 61% for the Lea
      Symbols and was 46% for the HOTV letters (difference 15%, 95% confidence
      interval: -0.01 to 0.30) and the sensitivity for detection of group 1 conditions
      was 83% for the Lea Symbols and 57% for the HOTV letters (difference 26%, 95%
      confidence interval: -0.01 to 0.49). However, neither these differences nor any
      of the other age group sensitivity differences were statistically significant.
      For the 3-year-old children, the pass/fail criterion was one line larger for the
      HOTV letters than for the Lea Symbols. CONCLUSIONS: Most children completed both
      tests. Although the 3-year-old children achieved better acuity scores with the
      Lea Symbols test, there were no statistically significant differences in
      sensitivity between tests for any age group.

PMID- 19996815
TI  - Determinants of contrast sensitivity for the tumbling E and Landolt C.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the object spatial frequencies that underlie contrast
      sensitivity for the tumbling E and Landolt C across a range of optotype sizes and
      under conditions biased toward the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC)
      pathways. METHODS: Contrast thresholds of two visually normal observers were
      measured using tumbling E optotypes that were either low-pass filtered or high
      pass filtered with a two-dimensional Gaussian filter. Optotypes were presented
      using steady-pedestal and pulsed-pedestal paradigms to target the MC and PC
      pathways, respectively. Object frequencies essential for orientation judgments of
      the tumbling E were derived from plots of log contrast threshold vs. log filter
      cutoff frequency, and results were compared with those obtained previously for
      the Landolt C under identical testing conditions. RESULTS: The object frequency
      used to judge the orientation of the tumbling E increased systematically with
      increasing target angular subtense, and the effect of target size differed
      depending on whether performance was mediated by the inferred MC or PC pathway.
      The overall pattern of results was similar for the tumbling E and Landolt C, but
      there was generally less dependence of object frequency on target angular
      subtense for the tumbling E. CONCLUSIONS: The tumbling E and Landolt C are not
      equivalent in terms of the object frequencies that mediate orientation judgments.
      However, both optotypes show scale-dependent changes in object frequency,
      particularly under test conditions that favor the PC pathway. The scale
      dependence of these broadband optotypes can pose a challenge in interpreting test
      results using these targets. A potential solution is to use spatially filtered
      optotypes with limited, known object frequency content.

PMID- 19996816
TI  - Risk prediction in pediatric cancer patients with fever and neutropenia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To identify predictors for 2 risk measures-"proven invasive bacterial
      infection or culture-negative sepsis (IBD)" and "clinical complications (CC)"-in
      pediatric cancer patients with fever and neutropenia (FN). METHODS: Records of
      390 patients with FN hospitalized over 2 years were reviewed. For the 332 who met
      inclusion criteria, one FN episode was randomly selected. Independent predictors
      at presentation were analyzed using multiple regression models. Optimal cut-off
      risk prediction scores were determined. These models were validated by bootstrap
      analysis. RESULTS: Patients' median age was 6.0 years; 66% had an underlying
      diagnosis of leukemia. Independent predictors of IBD (n = 56) were absolute
      neutrophil count <100, temperature at presentation > or =39.0 degrees C, "sick"
      clinical appearance, and underlying diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. A total
      weighted score <24 reliably identified patients at low risk for IBD. Independent
      predictors of CC (n = 47) were relapse of malignancy, non-white race, "sick"
      clinical appearance, and underlying diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. A total
      weighted score <19 predicted patients at low risk for CC. Of those misclassified
      as low risk, 11 of 12 with IBD and 3 of 9 with CC had the outcome within 24 hours
      of presentation. Of the remaining patients classified as low-risk for IBD and CC,
      99.5% and 97.1%, respectively, remained outcome-free after 24 hours of
      observation. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies predictors of
      infection/complications in pediatric patients with FN, establishes clinical cut
      off scores and highlights the importance of the initial clinical impression and
      24 hours of observation. These prediction models warrant prospective validation.

PMID- 19996817
TI  - Subretinal fluid in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical finding of
      macular subretinal fluid by optical coherence tomography in patients with acute
      posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. METHODS: Patients with acute
      posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy were identified, and those
      with macular serous retinal detachment noted clinically and confirmed by optical
      coherence tomography are described. RESULTS: Of 8 patients with acute posterior
      multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy evaluated by the uveitis service at the
      Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary between 2003 and 2008, 4 eyes of 3 patients
      presented with macular subretinal fluid. Confirmatory optical coherence
      tomography was performed in two patients. CONCLUSION: Acute posterior multifocal
      placoid pigment epitheliopathy may present clinically with macular subretinal
      fluid. This finding can be confirmed and monitored with optical coherence
      tomography.

PMID- 19996818
TI  - Long-term outcomes of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy
      for the management of choroidal neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report long-term results of
      intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy in the management of
      choroidal neovascularization in patients with angioid streaks associated with
      pseudoxanthoma elasticum. METHODS: A consecutive series of patients with
      pseudoxanthoma elasticum and choroidal neovascularization were managed with
      intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections (bevacizumab 1.25
      mg/0.05 mL or ranibizumab 0.5 mg/0.05 mL). The main outcome measures were visual
      acuity and greatest lesion height as measured by optical coherence tomography.
      RESULTS: Nine eyes of nine consecutive patients received intravitreal
      antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. During the mean follow-up period
      of 28.6 months, eyes received an average of 8.4 injections. At baseline, the mean
      visual acuity was 20/368 (median, 20/60) and improved to 20/281 (median, 20/40)
      at the last visit (P = 0.14). Visual acuity either improved or stabilized in all
      9 eyes (100%). Serial optical coherence tomography measurements showed a mean of
      353 mum at baseline and decreased to 146 mum at the last visit (P = 0.005). No
      complications were noted. CONCLUSION: These long-term results support the use of
      intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for the management of
      choroidal neovascularization in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Continued
      experience with intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab in this population will
      help establish long-term efficacy and better define optimal dosing strategies.

PMID- 19996819
TI  - Cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in human idiopathic epiretinal membrane.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of cyclo
      oxygenase (COX)-2 in the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IERM), inner limiting
      membrane (ILM), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy membrane. METHODS: Twenty
      membranes, consisting of eight IERMs, four ILMs, and eight proliferative diabetic
      retinopathy membranes, were surgically removed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
      tissue sections were processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-COX-2
      antibody. The nuclear density showing the density of cells situated in IERM and
      ILM specimens was calculated under high-power fields using a light microscope.
      RESULTS: The IERM comprised flattened cells with oval nuclei constituting a
      monolayer. The ILM contained a few cells with abundant collagenous tissues.
      Neither endothelial nor inflammatory cells were observed in the IERM and ILM. COX
      2 immunoreactivity was markedly detected in cells located in the IERM. In
      contrast, COX-2 immunoreactivity was faintly detected in the ILM. The COX-2
      positive rate was 65.4 +/- 15.5% and 34.3 +/- 20.3% in the IERM and ILM,
      respectively, being significantly higher in the former (P = 0.046). The nuclear
      density was 39.3 +/- 10.3 and 8.6 +/- 7.2 in the IERM and ILM, respectively,
      being significantly higher in the former (P = 0.0003). The proliferative diabetic
      retinopathy membranes consisted of many vascular endothelial and stromal cells.
      Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for COX-2 was detected in endothelial and stromal
      cells in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy membranes. CONCLUSION: These
      results suggest that COX-2 plays a potential role in the formation of avascular
      and vascularized epiretinal membranes if an epiphenomenon of COX-2 expression
      within these epiretinal membranes has been ruled out in future studies.

PMID- 19996820
TI  - Frequency of glaucoma in central serous chorioretinopathy: a case-control study.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of glaucoma
      and related conditions in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), a
      condition associated with increased choroidal thickness. METHODS: A case-control
      study was conducted. Consecutive patients with CSC examined from January 1, 2006,
      through July 31, 2008, were compared with a sex- and age-matched control group
      from the same referral practice seen during the same period for the frequency of
      glaucoma and related conditions. The charts of the cases and the control subjects
      were reviewed for diagnosis of glaucoma. RESULTS: In 287 patients with CSC, the
      mean age was 56.8 years and 207 (72.1%) were men. In the control group of 235,
      the mean age was 59.5 years and 168 (71.5%) were men. Glaucoma was found in 10 of
      287 patients (3.4%) with CSC and in 20 of 235 control subjects (8.5%, P = 0.014,
      odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.16-0.89). The mean intraocular
      pressures were similar in the two groups. However, the number of patients
      diagnosed with ocular hypertension (0.3% versus 3.4%, P = 0.0076) and the number
      of patients using pressure-lowering eye drops (3.8% versus 13.2%, P <or= 0.0001)
      were significantly less in the CSC group than in the control group. CONCLUSION:
      Glaucoma and related conditions are less frequent in the CSC group than in the
      control group. In patients with CSC, increased blood supply to the optic nerve
      from the choroid may be a contributing factor, but there may be differences in
      the variances in intraocular pressure that cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 19996821
TI  - Correlation between visual acuity and foveal microstructural changes in diabetic
      macular edema.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between
      best-corrected visual acuity and foveal microstructural changes of the external
      limiting membrane and the junction between the inner and outer segments of the
      photoreceptors in diabetic macular edema. METHODS: The authors performed spectral
      domain optical coherence tomography in all eyes. The authors defined central
      subfield thickness as the average retinal thickness of the 1-mm central scanned
      area. The length of disruption of the external limiting membrane and the inner
      and outer segments of the photoreceptors in the fovea (1.8 mm in diameter) were
      measured and graded according to their length as follows: 1) >1.4 mm; 2) >0.4 mm
      but <1.4 mm; or 3) <0.4 mm. RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity was
      strongly associated with the external limiting membrane (r = 0.66) and inner and
      outer segments of the photoreceptor (r = 0.68) scores, whereas best-corrected
      visual acuity was weakly and negatively correlated with central subfield
      thickness (r = -0.23). CONCLUSION: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
      showed that the integrity of the external limiting membrane and inner and outer
      segments of the photoreceptors was more strongly correlated with best-corrected
      visual acuity when compared with central subfield thickness in diabetic macular
      edema.

PMID- 19996822
TI  - The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of Coats disease in
      children.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if intravitreal bevacizumab
      can reduce subretinal exudates and exudative retinal detachment and facilitate
      the treatment of Coats disease in children. METHODS: Prospective, interventional,
      and noncomparative case series of three eyes in three children with Coats disease
      were studied. All eyes received only intravitreal bevacizumab injection as the
      primary treatment. Ablative procedures, including cryotherapy, traditional
      continuous wave laser, or subthreshold diode micropulse laser, for diseased
      vessels were performed after subretinal fluid totally reabsorbed. One
      supplementary intravitreal bevacizumab injection was given after ablative
      procedures on the same day. The changes in pre- and postoperative best-corrected
      visual acuity were recorded. Serial color fundus photography, optical coherence
      tomography, and B-scan sonography were performed to measure treatment efficacy.
      RESULTS: After receiving one to three injections, all three patients had
      subretinal fluid completely reabsorbed. All patients had one session of
      subsequent ablative procedures for diseased vessels and supplementary
      intravitreal bevacizumab injection. No patients had recurrent subretinal fluid.
      Improved visual acuity was noted in two cases but was not detectable in the
      other. No ocular or systemic complications related to bevacizumab were noted
      during the entire course of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab
      appears to be a well-tolerated treatment for children with Coats disease. A
      favorable response is observed when compared with other treatment modalities. It
      has the potential as an adjuvant therapy of vascular ablative procedures to
      improve final vision and facilitate ongoing treatment.

PMID- 19996823
TI  - Intraocular pressure instability after 23-gauge vitrectomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes, trends, risk
      factors, and protective factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes in patients
      undergoing 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: A retrospective review in an
      academic institution was performed on all eyes undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy
      with at least 1-month follow-up. The main outcome measures included IOP and
      operative complications. RESULTS: Ninety-seven eyes of 93 patients were included.
      Intraocular pressure spikes >22 in the first month occurred in 73% of eyes with
      or suspect for glaucoma versus 46% of eyes without (P = 0.017); 76% of eyes with
      a gas fill versus 44% of eyes with a fluid fill (P = 0.0036); and 21% of eyes
      started on IOP-lowering drops on postoperative day 1 versus 49% of eyes who were
      not (P = 0.0033). Complications included retinal tears (3%), intraoperative
      retinal detachment (2%), and postoperative retinal detachment (2%). Fifteen
      percent of eyes required suturing of at least one sclerotomy. There were no cases
      of postoperative hypotony or endophthalmitis. CONCLUSION: Patients with or
      suspect for glaucoma or those with a gas fill may be at risk for high
      postoperative IOP during the first month. Aggressive early treatment of IOP may
      prevent IOP spikes in the early postoperative period.

PMID- 19996824
TI  - Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography appearance of preretinal aggregation
      of intravitreal antibiotics.

PMID- 19996825
TI  - Fundus autofluorescence changes in cytomegalovirus retinitis.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe fundus autofluorescence
      imaging features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and to correlate fundus
      autofluorescence features with clinical activity. METHODS: A retrospective case
      series was undertaken to evaluate nine eyes of six patients with active CMV
      retinitis. Patients were evaluated with a comprehensive ophthalmic examination,
      fundus autofluorescence imaging, and fundus photography. Oral valganciclovir,
      intravitreal ganciclovir, intravitreal foscarnet, or an ganciclovir implant was
      administered as clinically indicated. RESULTS: In all nine eyes with active CMV
      retinitis, a hyperautofluorescent signal on fundus autofluorescence imaging was
      correlated spatially with the border of advancing CMV retinitis. Stippled areas
      of alternating hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence were observed in
      regions of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy from prior CMV retinitis. In three
      eyes with subtle CMV reactivation, a hyperautofluorescent border was helpful in
      the detection and localization of active CMV retinitis. In another patient,
      diffuse, punctate hyperautofluorescence after intravitreal ganciclovir and
      foscarnet was a concern for medication-related toxicity. CONCLUSION: Fundus
      autofluorescence imaging was valuable in highlighting areas of active CMV
      retinitis in all patients in this series, including two patients with subtle
      clinical features. Fundus autofluorescence may be useful as an adjunctive imaging
      modality for the detection of CMV activity and aid in our understanding of the
      structural changes during episodes of CMV retinitis.

PMID- 19996827
TI  - Adverse events after intravitreal infliximab (Remicade).
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the tolerability of intravitreal infliximab (Remicade) in
      patients with refractory diabetic macular edema or choroidal neovascularization
      secondary to age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: This is a prospective,
      interventional, noncomparative, open-label, 12-week pilot study of intravitreal
      infliximab in four patients who failed conventional therapies. Two had diabetic
      macular edema and two had choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related
      macular degeneration. All patients received 0.5 mg/0.05 mL intravitreal
      infliximab and were eligible for a second injection at 6 weeks if reinjection
      criteria were met. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity using
      standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study refraction, central retinal
      thickness on optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, standard
      electroretinography, and microperimetry. Patients were evaluated at Days 0 and 1
      and Weeks 2, 6, and 12. Six months after study completion, all patients were
      tested for human antimouse and human antichimeric antibodies. RESULTS: At Week
      12, visual acuity scores had declined in three patients. All patients had
      persistence of cystoid macular edema on optical coherence tomography, although
      two had a decrease in central retinal thickness. Three patients had an overall
      worsened appearance on angiography. On the final electroretinography, all
      patients had a decrease in maximal combined responses, from 7% to 24% from
      baseline, which may have been within expected variability of electroretinography
      data. To photopic flicker stimulus, three patients had slower latency of
      response, and all had decreased amplitudes. All patients declined on
      microperimetry. The first patient entered in the study met the criteria for a
      second injection because of improved standard electroretinography and
      microperimetry at Week 6. However, 2 weeks after the second injection, he
      developed panuveitis. Two other patients, after one injection only, had evidence
      of inflammation (vitritis or panuveitis) on examination at Week 6. Three patients
      developed systemic antibodies against infliximab (human antichimeric antibodies).
      CONCLUSION: Low-dose intravitreal infliximab was not well tolerated in this small
      group of patients and was both immunogenic and probably retinotoxic.

PMID- 19996826
TI  - Comparison of macular optical coherence tomography findings between postacute
      retinal artery occlusion and nonacute optic neuropathy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report differentiating optical
      coherence tomography (OCT) findings between postacute retinal arterial occlusion
      (PARAO) and nonacute optic neuropathy (NAON). METHODS: A retrospective
      observational comparative study included 17 eyes with postacute permanent retinal
      arterial occlusion and 32 eyes with NAON whose assessment included a fast macular
      Status OCT. The macular OCT changes in the postacute phase of central retinal
      arterial occlusion and branch retinal arterial occlusion were, respectively,
      compared with those in diffuse and segmental NAON in an effort to establish
      differentiating features. The findings were used in the workup of four additional
      consecutive cases referred with suspected NAON. RESULTS: Three main features
      differentiating PARAO from NAON were identified on macular OCT. Complete inner
      retinal atrophy with loss of the normal stratification of the inner retinal
      layers, loss of the normal foveal depression, and marked thinning of the involved
      retina were characteristic findings of PARAO and were absent even in the most
      severe cases of NAON. The involved retina was significantly thinner in PARAO
      compared with that in NAON (P < 0.05). These OCT features helped establish the
      diagnosis of PARAO in four additional consecutive cases referred with the
      misdiagnosis of NAON. CONCLUSION: The extent and pattern of inner retinal atrophy
      differentiate PARAO from NAON and help guide the systemic workup.

PMID- 19996828
TI  - Effect of photodynamic therapy alone or combined with posterior subtenon
      triamcinolone acetonide or intravitreal bevacizumab on choroidal hypofluorescence
      by indocyanine green angiography.
AB  - PURPOSE: Choroidal hypofluorescence has been reported beneath the photodynamic
      therapy (PDT) site in clinical studies. We evaluated the choroidal
      hypofluorescence after combined PDT with posterior subtenon injection of
      triamcinolone acetonide or PDT with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for
      age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-two eyes with a
      subfoveal choroidal neovascularization caused by age-related macular degeneration
      were studied. Ninety-two eyes underwent PDT alone, 90 eyes underwent PDT with sub
      Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide, and 60 eyes underwent PDT with
      intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Verteporfin-induced choroidal
      hypoperfusion was determined by indocyanine green angiograms. The intensity of
      the diffuse fluorescence within the PDT site away from the choroidal
      neovascularization lesion and from the normal retina just peripheral to the optic
      disk was measured by densitometry (Topcon IMAGEnet computer system, Topcon,
      Tokyo, Japan) in the indocyanine green angiogram images obtained at 10 minutes 3
      months after the PDT. The ratio of the average brightness of the retina within
      the PDT area to that of the retina peripheral to the optic disk
      (irradiated/nonirradiated retinal brightness ratio) was calculated for each
      angiogram. RESULTS: The irradiated/nonirradiated retinal brightness ratio of the
      angiograms was 0.96 in the PDT-alone group, 0.85 in the sub-Tenon injection of
      triamcinolone acetonide-PDT group, and 0.89 in the intravitreal injection of
      bevacizumab-PDT group (Kruskal-Wallis H test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The degree
      of choroidal hypofluorescence in the indocyanine green angiogram images 3 months
      after PDT in the sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide and intravitreal
      injection of bevacizumab group was higher than that of PDT-alone group. Sub-Tenon
      injection of triamcinolone acetonide and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab
      can prolong the duration of the choroidal hypofluorescence after PDT.

PMID- 19996829
TI  - Ultrastructure and retinal imaging of epiretinal membrane: a clinicopathologic
      correlation of trypan blue staining in epiretinal membrane surgery.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to correlate the ultrastructural
      morphology of epiretinal tissue with optical coherence tomography and to
      investigate the effects of trypan blue staining on epiretinal membrane (ERM)
      ultrastructure and clinical outcome. METHODS: A prospective, case-comparative
      study. Consecutive patients were recruited and underwent vitrectomy and ERM
      peeling with 0.15% trypan blue; these patients were compared with a control group
      peeled without stain. Optical coherence tomography was performed preoperatively
      and at 10 days and 3 months postoperatively. Data were collected prospectively to
      include Snellen visual acuity and surgical ERM characteristics. Epiretinal tissue
      was examined using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Thirty-seven
      patients underwent ERM surgery, and 34 had complete data, of which 18 had peeling
      of unstained and 16 had peeling of stained ERM. Staining resulted in a
      significantly greater postoperative reduction in macular thickness compared with
      the unstained group. There was no significant difference in the visual outcome
      and no ultrastructural evidence of alteration of the cleavage plane in cases in
      which trypan blue was used. CONCLUSION: There was no clinical or ultrastructural
      evidence of toxicity in peeling with trypan blue.

PMID- 19996830
TI  - Endophthalmitis in eyes presenting with orbital signs: a case-control study.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical profile and
      treatment outcomes in eyes with endophthalmitis presenting with orbital signs.
      METHODS: A case-control study of 24 eyes with endophthalmitis and orbital signs
      at presentation (defined as ocular motility restriction and/or presence of "
      inverted perpendicular" sign on ultrasonography) was conducted between January
      2000 and December 2006. The control group was constituted of 40 age- and sex
      matched eyes with endophthalmitis presenting without orbital signs. Optimal
      structural outcome was defined as resolution of inflammation and infection.
      Adverse structural outcome was defined as development of phthisis bulbi or need
      for evisceration or development of retinal detachment. Optimal functional outcome
      was defined as improvement in postoperative visual acuity to 3/60 or better. The
      Pearson chi-square test was used with appropriate significance (P < or = 0.05) to
      compare the mean visual acuity before and after treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four
      patients with a mean age of 46.4 years and a mean follow-up of 14.6 months were
      included. Treatment options included intravitreal antibiotics, vitrectomy,
      evisceration, and systemic antibiotics. Optimal structural outcome was achieved
      in 6 (25%) eyes. A total of 70.8% eyes had no light perception, whereas 4
      (16.66%) patients regained ambulatory vision (>3/60). There was a statistically
      significant poor visual (P = 0.05) and structural outcome (P = 0.004), whereas in
      the control group, 25 patients (62.5%) had vision 3/60 or better (P = 0.001).
      CONCLUSION: Orbital signs are independent risk factors for poor structural and
      visual outcomes in eyes with endophthalmitis.

PMID- 19996831
TI  - Long-term effects of vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for
      macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion and hemiretinal vein
      occlusion.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of
      vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for macular edema secondary to
      central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO).
      METHODS: Best-corrected visual acuity, central foveal thickness by optical
      coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were evaluated retrospectively
      in 20 patients (20 eyes). The mean follow-up time was 61.2 months. Pars plana
      vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling using indocyanine green
      staining were performed in all patients. RESULTS: Preoperative mean central
      foveal thickness of all 20 eyes decreased significantly by 6 months, and this
      reduction was maintained until 60 months. The mean central foveal thickness of
      the group with perfused type CRVO, ischemic type CRVO, and HRVO at 6 months
      significantly decreased from the preoperative value, and the significant
      reduction was maintained until 60 months. Best-corrected visual acuity of the
      perfused CRVO and HRVO groups tended to improve in contrast to the ischemic CRVO
      group postoperatively. Best-corrected visual acuity of the perfused CRVO group at
      24 months or later was significantly improved from preoperative best-corrected
      visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane
      peeling in eyes with macular edema secondary to CRVO and HRVO produces an
      anatomical improvement, which persists up to 5 years, and a best-corrected visual
      acuity improvement, at least in perfused CRVO and HRVO.

PMID- 19996832
TI  - Ultrastructure and retinal imaging of internal limiting membrane: a
      clinicopathologic correlation of trypan blue stain in macular hole surgery.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to correlate the ultrastructural
      morphology of epiretinal and retinal tissue with optical coherence tomography
      assessment and to investigate the effects of trypan blue staining on internal
      limiting membrane (ILM) tissue. METHODS: This was a prospective case-comparative
      study. Consecutive patients were recruited and underwent ILM peel with 0.5 mL of
      0.15% trypan blue, and these were compared with a nonrandomized control group
      (unstained ILM). Patients underwent optical coherence tomography scanning
      preoperatively and postoperatively at 1.5 and 3 months. Data were collected
      prospectively to include Snellen visual acuity, macular hole, and operative
      characteristics. Internal limiting membrane was examined by transmission electron
      microscopy. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients underwent macular hole surgery, and
      complete data were available on 49 patients (17 control subjects and 32 patients
      who had peeling of stained ILM). Trypan blue staining significantly improved ease
      and completeness of ILM removal. There was no significant difference in vision,
      optical coherence tomography characteristics, or macular hole closure rate at 3
      months between stained and unstained groups. There was no ultrastructural
      evidence of alteration of the plane of ILM separation in cases in which trypan
      blue was used. CONCLUSION: Trypan blue stain from these data seems to improve the
      ease and completeness of the ILM peeling (assessed clinically) and does not show
      any signs of toxicity.

PMID- 19996833
TI  - Development and recovery of laser-induced retinal lesion in rats.
AB  - PURPOSE: Laser-induced retinal lesions undergo primary and secondary degeneration
      followed by a partial reduction of the lesion size. To evaluate treatment
      effects, detailed data regarding the changes of the lesion over time are
      essential. The purpose of the study is to describe the histologic changes in an
      argon laser-induced retinal lesion over a period of 60 days. METHODS: Argon laser
      lesions were produced in retinas of pigmented rats. The lesions were examined by
      light microscopy 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 20, and 60 days after the exposure. RESULTS:
      The diameter of the lesion increased 24 hours after photocoagulation and then
      decreased by day 20. Most pyknotic nuclei seen in the outer nuclear layer 1 hour
      after lasering disappeared 3 days later. Remodeling began 3 days after lasering.
      By day 60, partial filling in of the empty area with sliding of adjacent nuclei
      was observed. Recovery was also seen in the other retinal layers. CONCLUSION: The
      course of a laser-induced retinal lesion is gradual: the photoreceptors are
      damaged first and the damage then spreads to other layers and to the adjacent
      retina. By day 3, the damage spreading stops, and adjacent cells begin to fill in
      and remodel the area of the lesion.

PMID- 19996834
TI  - Visual outcome after intravitreal ranibizumab for wet age-related macular
      degeneration: a comparison between best-corrected visual acuity and
      microperimetry.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the observed change in best
      corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with the change in central retinal sensitivity
      pretreatment and 1 month after 3 consecutive treatments with ranibizumab in
      patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: Ten consecutive
      patients with untreated age-related macular degeneration underwent
      microperimetric and BCVA assessment before and 1 month after 3 consecutive
      treatments with ranibizumab. Best-corrected visual acuity was assessed at 2 m by
      using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart. Threshold
      microperimetry was performed using a Goldman III stimulus to 45 points over the
      central 12 degrees of the macula. Significant visual improvement after treatment
      was defined as a change in BCVA >/=10 letters or, on microperimetry, a change in
      mean retinal sensitivity > or = 2 dB. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the
      median change in BCVA was +6 letters (range, -15 to +12), and the mean change in
      the mean retinal sensitivity was +2.86 dB (standard deviation, 1.55 dB). One
      patient recorded a significant improvement in BCVA compared with 8 patients who
      recorded a significant improvement in mean retinal sensitivity (P = 0.016).
      CONCLUSION: Compared with microperimetry, BCVA seems to significantly
      underestimate the change in visual function experienced by patients treated with
      ranibizumab.

PMID- 19996836
TI  - Compression-caused peroneal neuropathy: commentary from a biopsychologist.
AB  - Compression is the most common cause of damage to the fibular head, the site of
      most peroneal nerve injuries which cause foot drop. Compression injuries can be
      caused by prolonged immobility and habitual leg-crossing. A review of the
      literature does not reveal the existence of a nationwide study that investigates
      the prevalence of compression-caused foot drop, nor does the literature contain
      encouragement to arrange medical practices to prevent its occurrence (e.g., soft
      substrates for sitting, frequent reminders for the patient to uncross the legs).
      Treatments for foot drop do not appear to be strongly scientifically based and
      they do not incorporate the use of sensory integration, specifically use of the
      visual sense, during rehabilitation. Finally, compression-caused foot drop may be
      preventable, a conclusion that could ultimately have important implications in
      the context of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement.

PMID- 19996837
TI  - Postoperative instrumented spine infections: a retrospective review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Postoperative infection following posterior instrumentation of the
      spine is not uncommon and is a potentially catastrophic complication. Removal of
      the instrumentation is ideal for eradicating infection. However, removal is not
      always possible from a structural standpoint. An alternative is to treat the
      patient with antibiotics in combination with irrigation and debridement.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients undergoing posterior instrumentation of the
      thoracolumbar spine from a single institution between 1996 and 2004 that
      developed an infection were retrospectively reviewed. The goal of this study was
      to determine the effectiveness of treating postoperative spinal instrument
      infections with antibiotics and irrigation and debridement alone without removal
      of the hardware. RESULTS: Out of a total of 737 spinal surgeries, 26 cases of
      postoperative infection were found. Nineteen of the patients had early onset
      infection, and 7 were late onset. Seventeen (90%) of the 19 patients with early
      onset infections successfully received long term antibiotics with initial
      retention of instrumentation. Six out of the 7 patients with late onset infection
      required removal of instrumentation for cure. All patients were considered cured
      with at least 36 months follow up with one patient still on oral antibiotics
      using this approach. CONCLUSIONS: The management of infected spinal
      instrumentation is dependent on the time of onset. Early onset infections can be
      successfully treated without instrumentation removal and 4-6 weeks of IV
      antibiotics followed by a course of oral antibiotics of 4-12 weeks. Late onset
      infections require instrumentation removal.

PMID- 19996838
TI  - Apneic disorders associated with heart failure: pathophysiology and clinical
      management.
AB  - Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of both morbidity and
      mortality in the industrialized world. The frequency of sleep-related breathing
      disorders (SRBD) is significantly increased in individuals with cardiovascular
      diseases such as heart failure. Given the co-morbidities associated with SRBD
      coexisting with HF, prompt recognition and early management of SRBD is critical
      to improving the overall prognosis and quality of life in heart failure patients
      with concomitant SRBD.

PMID- 19996839
TI  - The starry heaven and the crowded shelters: public health risks.

PMID- 19996840
TI  - Disability and health-related quality of life after breast cancer surgery:
      relation to impairments.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impairments
      relevant to upper extremity following breast cancer surgery and its impact on
      disability and health-related quality of life. METHODS: Sixty-seven female
      patients being treated with modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving
      surgery were included. They were evaluated for impairments (arm edema, loss of
      handgrip strength, limited shoulder joint range of motion, and pain), physical
      disability using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH)
      questionnaire, and for health related quality of life by means of the functional
      assessment of cancer therapy-breast+4 (FACT-B+4). RESULTS: The most common
      impairment observed was arm pain on motion; the cause of 20% variance in
      disability score (r = 0.203, P = 0.000). Arm pain on motion, anterior chest wall
      pain, loss of grip strength, and shoulder flexion were significant factors in
      different domains of quality of life according to the FACT-B+4 questionnaire.
      CONCLUSION: Pain relief should be the priority of treatment along with the
      prevention of joint movement restriction to ensure a sufficient quality of life
      for surgically treated breast cancer patients.

PMID- 19996841
TI  - Man-in-the-barrel syndrome and its mimics.

PMID- 19996842
TI  - The case for universal motorcycle helmet laws.

PMID- 19996843
TI  - Epstein Barre virus-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in an HIV-infected man
      with a durable complete remission on highly active antiretroviral therapy alone.
AB  - We report a unique case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected man with
      Epstein-Barre virus (EBV) negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that
      responded solely to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Our patient
      presented with a retroperitoneal mass, high viral load, CD4 288 and began therapy
      with HAART with marked improvement of symptoms. The patient declined chemotherapy
      since he felt better after HAART, and rescanning at that time demonstrated marked
      improvement of the lymphoma on HAART alone. Viral load became undetectable, CD4
      450 by 8 weeks. By 6 months, the patient had a complete remission verified by
      positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and has remained in
      remission to date on HAART alone. We postulate that HIV infection directly
      precipitated the lymphoma.

PMID- 19996844
TI  - Warfarin-induced skin necrosis.
AB  - There is a lack of guidelines regarding the selection of patients who need
      intravenous heparin, duration of intravenous heparin, and future use of warfarin
      in prevention and treatment of warfarin-induced skin necrosis. This case report
      emphasizes the challenges in dealing with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) therapy.

PMID- 19996845
TI  - Pulmonary actinomycosis presenting as a mass-like consolidation.
AB  - Pulmonary actinomycosis presented as a mass-like consolidation. The diagnosis was
      not established until clinical suspicion prompted special staining of the
      pathology material. Response to antibiotics was facilitated by a removal of the
      airway plug through bronchoscopy. Airway obstruction may contribute to the
      prolonged medical treatment of pulmonary actinomycosis.

PMID- 19996846
TI  - A case of sclerosing mesenteritis with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is an uncommon disorder characterized by chronic
      nonspecific inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the mesentery. The
      etiology remains unclear. It has been reported in association with and as an
      initial presentation in some autoimmune diseases. Its clinical presentation and
      laboratory findings are typically nonspecific and definitive diagnosis usually
      requires biopsy or surgical excision. We report a patient with a history of
      rheumatoid arthritis who was found to have an intra-abdominal mass suspicious for
      malignancy. A biopsy revealed the diagnosis of SM.

PMID- 19996847
TI  - Transient attacks of man-in-the-barrel syndrome.
AB  - A 60-year-old man complained of 20-25 second episodes of bilateral arm paralysis.
      Neuroimaging disclosed spinal cord compression at the C3-4 level caused by a
      herniated disc and retrolisthesis. Spinal cord ischemia due to impingement of a
      vertebral artery or its spinal branch was suspected but could not be
      substantiated by neuroimaging. Discectomy and fusion eliminated these attacks.

PMID- 19996848
TI  - Episodic illness, chronic disease, and health care use among homeless persons in
      Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, 2007.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Homeless persons are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality from
      both chronic and episodic illness than the general population. Few data are
      available on the prevalence of these conditions and uptake of vaccination for
      prevention. METHODS: In March 2007, we administered a cross-sectional survey to a
      convenience sample of homeless persons in Atlanta. RESULTS: Approximately half
      (46.2%) of the survey participants reported at least one chronic medical
      condition. Acute respiratory symptoms within the previous 30 days were reported
      by up to 57.7% of survey participants. Receipt of influenza vaccination was
      reported by 31.9% of survey participants, receipt of pneumococcal vaccine by
      18.7%. Vaccination rates varied by age and risk group. DISCUSSION: The survey
      demonstrated high rates of morbidity in this population. Influenza and
      pneumococcal vaccination rates were suboptimal. Culturally appropriate
      interventions must be developed to prevent respiratory and other diseases in this
      important group.

PMID- 19996849
TI  - Hemorrhagic cystitis induced by an herbal mixture.
AB  - A healthy 33-year-old woman consumed a slimming product containing a mixture of
      herbal remedies without seeking medical advice. Two months later, the patient had
      hemorrhagic cystitis and discontinued the herbal product. Symptoms spontaneously
      remitted in a few days. Four months later, she took the same herbal remedy and
      the hemorrhagic cystitis reappeared. She then consulted her general practitioner.
      A urine culture test was negative, and the patient was advised to discontinue the
      herb intake. Again, the cystitis resolved within a week. The product involved
      contains a mixture of herbs, some of which have been associated with adverse
      effects that might account for the symptoms reported in this case.

PMID- 19996850
TI  - Postoperative infections in posterior instrumented fusions.

PMID- 19996851
TI  - Pancreatic cystic neoplasms.
AB  - Pancreatic cysts include inflammatory lesions, low-grade neoplasms, and malignant
      neoplasms. Cystic neoplasms may prompt investigation because of symptoms such as
      abdominal pain, distension, jaundice, or nausea, but they are usually
      incidentally discovered. In the older literature, pseudocysts related to acute
      and chronic pancreatitis accounted for the majority of pancreatic cysts, but it
      is difficult to differentiate pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pseudocysts even
      with high-resolution modalities including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Additionally, the more recent literature has shown
      that small pancreatic cystic lesions are relatively common as incidental findings
      on cross-sectional imaging examinations that are performed for other reasons,
      typically in older patients without prior episodes of pancreatitis; these are
      often low-grade mucinous lesions or occasionally epithelial cysts. Endoscopic
      ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration has emerged as a prime modality in
      delineating such cystic lesions. There has been an exponential increase in the
      more recent literature regarding pancreatic cystic lesions. The purpose of this
      review article is to provide a concise overview of these pancreatic cystic
      lesions.

PMID- 19996852
TI  - Drug-induced liver injury caused by the histrelin (Vantus) subcutaneous implant.
AB  - Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute hepatic failure in
      the United States. Up to 13% of acute liver failure cases occur due to drugs
      other than acetaminophen. This clinical diagnosis, made after other causes of
      liver injury have been excluded, requires establishing a causal relationship
      between drug exposure and liver injury. The case of a patient with liver injury
      following a subcutaneous histrelin (Vantus) implant as therapy for advanced
      prostate cancer is presented.

PMID- 19996853
TI  - Promoting awareness about total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

PMID- 19996854
TI  - The oldest old subclinically hypothyroid subjects with pre-existing atrial
      fibrillation might not benefit from replacement therapy.

PMID- 19996855
TI  - The evolving etiopathogenesis of retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 19996856
TI  - Urinary atypical mycobacterium infection.

PMID- 19996857
TI  - Role of imaging studies in the evaluation of sinus arrest and syncope in a
      patient with neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 19996858
TI  - The continuation of oral medications with the initiation of insulin therapy in
      type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence.
AB  - The combination of oral medications with insulin is inevitable in the treatment
      of type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, there are no consensus statements available to
      guide the continuation or discontinuation of specific therapies. The clinician
      treating the type 2 diabetic patient must be aware of the literature regarding
      use of oral medications in combination with insulin.

PMID- 19996859
TI  - Continuation of oral medications when insulin is initiated.

PMID- 19996860
TI  - The effect of the 1997 Texas motorcycle helmet law on motorcycle crash
      fatalities.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to determine the effect of the Texas motorcycle
      helmet law on fatalities since the repeal of the universal helmet law in 1997.
      METHODS: Texas monthly motorcycle accident data between 1994 and 2004 were
      obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration's
      Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and supplemented with motorcycle
      registration data from the Texas Department of Transportation. An ARIMA model was
      used to estimate the impact of the law. RESULTS: A sharp increase in fatality
      rates occurred immediately following the implementation of the law in September
      1997. Deaths increased by 30%, fatality rates per motorcycle registrations
      increased by 15.2%, and fatality rates per vehicle miles traveled increased by
      25% after repeal. Helmet use decreased from 77% in 1996 to 63% in 1997 and 36% in
      1998 and thereafter. The parameter estimates of the ARIMA model (0,0,0) (0,1,1)
      show that the change in the law led to statistically significant increases of 2.3
      fatalities and 1.18 fatality rate per 100 billion vehicle miles traveled.
      CONCLUSIONS: The repeal of the universal helmet law in Texas in 1997 has had a
      significant adverse effect on motorcyclist fatalities in Texas.

PMID- 19996861
TI  - Weight problems and spam e-mail for weight loss products.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study focuses on young adult behaviors with regard to spam e
      mails that sell weight loss products. METHODS: Participants (N = 200) with and
      without weight problems were asked if they received, opened, and bought products
      from spam e-mail about weight loss topics in the past year. Psychological factors
      of self-esteem and perceived stress were measured. RESULTS: Those with weight
      problems had significantly greater percentages than those without weight problems
      for receiving (87.7% vs. 73.3%, P = 0.02), opening (41.5% vs. 17.8%, P <0.001),
      and buying products (18.5% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.003). In the multivariate logistic
      regression analyses, weight problems were significantly associated with receiving
      (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.31, 8.82), opening (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.53, 6.29), and
      buying products (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.16, 9.82). CONCLUSION: Physicians should
      consider discussing with patients the potential risks of opening and/or
      purchasing weight loss products from spam e-mails.

PMID- 19996862
TI  - Menetrier disease in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient.
AB  - Menetrier disease is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. An overexpression of
      TGF-alpha has been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology. HIV-1 tat gene
      product has been shown to stimulate TGF-alpha production leading to a positive
      feedback autocrine loop. The case of a 41-year-old male with AIDS who presented
      with weight loss, abdominal pain, ascites, edema, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
      is discussed. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed avid
      enhancement of the stomach mucosa. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed
      gastric and small bowel distention with diffuse wall thickening. Biopsies of the
      stomach showed marked foveolar hyperplasia with active inflammation and gland
      changes consistent with Menetrier disease.

PMID- 19996863
TI  - Primary intradiploic pterional epidermoid cyst.
AB  - A 72-year-old woman who developed a left temporal protrusion was referred to our
      center. An MRI showed a heterogeneous mass in the left temple with T2 signal
      hyperintensity within the intradiploic space of the greater wing of the sphenoid
      bone, measuring 2.4 x 2.1 cm. The patient underwent a surgical removal of the
      mass through the pterional approach. Pathology showed an epidermoid cyst.
      Intradiploic epidermoid cysts of the skull are rare benign tumors of the skull.
      These lesions grow slowly and are composed of epidermoid cells debris rich in
      cholesterol. The prophylactic removal of these tumors with the goal of preventing
      recurrences is recommended.

PMID- 19996864
TI  - The perinatal implications of angiogenic factors.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent findings relating maternal circulating
      levels of proteins associated with angiogenesis and the outcome of pregnancy.
      RECENT FINDINGS: In preeclampsia, levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) become
      abnormal prior to soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1). Longitudinal
      measurement of changes in protein level are better predictors of disease than
      measurement at a single time point in pregnancy and also appear to be more
      strongly associated with early-onset disease. The levels of angiogenic proteins
      provide additional predictive information over abnormal uteroplacental Doppler.
      The preeclampsia-like phenotype of rats overexpressing sFlt-1 can be ameliorated
      by administration of a protein which binds and inactivates sFlt-1. Animal models
      demonstrate that uteroplacental ischemia leads to elevated maternal serum levels
      of sFlt-1 and decreased PlGF. Similarly, studies of human trophoblast cells
      demonstrate that hypoxia stimulates release of sFlt-1. Autocrine vascular
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a trophic effect on the endothelium,
      distinct from its control of angiogenesis. By blocking this effect, elevated sFlt
      1 could lead to systemic endothelial cell dysfunction, one of the key features of
      preeclampsia. Low levels of PlGF are associated with intrauterine growth
      restriction. However, in the first trimester of pregnancy, high levels of sFlt-1
      were associated with reduced rates of growth restriction, preterm birth and
      stillbirth. SUMMARY: Regulators of the VEGF system may have a causal role in the
      sequence of events leading to preeclampsia and may be targets for novel
      therapies. However, better knowledge of the biology is required prior to clinical
      trials of interventions.

PMID- 19996865
TI  - Risks and management of obesity in pregnancy: current controversies.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explore recent developments in obesity-related topics of
      interest and importance to obstetricians. Specifically addressed are the impact
      of gestational weight gain on perinatal risk, the increased risk of congenital
      anomalies in offspring, developmental origins of health and disease in offspring,
      and reproductive issues following bariatric surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: Limiting
      maternal weight gain in obese women to less than 15 lb may favorably attenuate
      perinatal risk (macrosomia, cesarean delivery, preeclampsia) but increase risk
      for small-for-gestational-age newborns. Obese women are at significantly
      increased risk for offspring to develop open neural tube defects and congenital
      heart disease as well as other anomalies. Impaired sonographic visualization in
      this population may impede prenatal diagnosis of these serious birth defects.
      Intrauterine nutritional overabundance may cue adaptive fetal responses
      predisposing to childhood and adult obesity as well as the metabolic syndrome.
      Bariatric surgery, the only effective treatment for morbid obesity, causes
      lifelong physiologic and anatomic changes associated with significant
      reproductive implications. Procedures can predispose to caloric and micronutrient
      deficiencies, improved fertility and fecundity, and late surgical complications.
      Pregnancy outcomes are typically similar to those of women without previous
      bariatric surgery and better than those of untreated morbidly obese women.
      SUMMARY: Obesity and its surgical treatment are associated with lifelong health
      implications for the mother as well as her offspring. An appreciation of these
      obesity-related reproductive issues is critical for optimal care of this growing
      segment of the female population.

PMID- 19996866
TI  - Prematurity prevention: the role of acute tocolysis.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The preterm birth rate in the United States remains at an all
      time high and continues to rise. Acute tocolysis has potential to delay preterm
      birth for 48 h, the critical period of antenatal steroid administration, or to
      arrest an episode of preterm labor, thus delaying birth and improving neonatal
      outcomes. It is therefore paramount that medical providers remain up-to-date
      regarding the usefulness, indications and contraindications, and side-effects and
      adverse effects of all tocolytics. RECENT FINDINGS: Magnesium sulfate remains the
      most common tocolyic agent in the United States. Recent evidence comparing oral
      nifedipine with magnesium sulfate suggests equal efficacy with fewer maternal
      side-effects, thus supporting this oral medication as first-line treatment. This
      review will summarize the most common acute tocolytic drugs, their methods of
      action, and clinical data regarding their utility. SUMMARY: All tocolytic
      medications have side-effects, some of them potentially life-threatening.
      Decisions regarding whether to use a tocolytic and which tocolytic to use require
      the diagnosis of preterm labor, knowledge of the patient's gestational age,
      medical conditions, and cost. Once tocolysis is initiated, attention must be paid
      to the patient's response, side-effects, and adverse events. Larger studies are
      needed which incorporate, in addition to efficacy, data on safety and side-effect
      profiles and cost.

PMID- 19996867
TI  - Prematurity prevention: the role of cerclage.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the literature on the value of cervical cerclage
      for the prevention of preterm birth and present the recent advances in its
      clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS: The diagnosis of cervical insufficiency is
      difficult as there are no objective diagnostic criteria. Although widely used,
      the value of cervical cerclage is still a matter of controversy. The current
      literature suggests that cerclage placement can prevent preterm delivery in women
      with a history of at least three second-trimester losses or at least three
      preterm births and in those with a history of prematurity who have a cervical
      length of less than 25 mm in the second trimester. It is also possible to improve
      the perinatal outcome in patients with cervical dilation in the mid-trimester. It
      is not indicated in multiple pregnancies, however. Further research is needed in
      methods of excluding inflammation in women with cervical changes on ultrasound
      prior to cerclage insertion. Transabdominal or laparoscopic cerclage seems to be
      a promising alternative in women with a history of transvaginal cerclage failure.
      SUMMARY: Strict recommendations on the proper use of cerclage cannot be easily
      made. Data from randomized trials do not support what the current practice in
      many cases is.

PMID- 19996868
TI  - Assessing the 'at-risk' fetus: Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Doppler ultrasound has become an indispensable tool in
      evaluating pregnancies at risk for conditions such as preeclampsia, intrauterine
      growth restriction, fetal anemia, and umbilical cord abnormalities. Use of
      umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and uterine artery Doppler has been the
      mainstay of assessment. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings promote the use of
      ductus venosus Doppler to aid in timing delivery of severely growth-restricted
      fetuses. Whereas initially it appeared that abnormalities in ductus venosus
      waveform were the endpoint for pregnancies afflicted with intrauterine growth
      restriction, newer data suggest that these abnormalities may plateau prior to
      further fetal deterioration as witnessed by changes in the biophysical profile.
      SUMMARY: In this review, we will discuss current ultrasound Doppler literature
      and the recommendations of the experts. We observe that the best algorithm for
      incorporation of the ductus venosus into intrauterine growth restriction
      management is yet to be determined. This remains a subject of intense research
      aimed at optimizing pregnancy outcomes and will be important to follow to provide
      up-to-date care of our patients.

PMID- 19996869
TI  - Three-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound applications in fetal medicine.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the state of the science of three-dimensional/four
      dimensional ultrasound (3D/4DUS) applications to fetal medicine. RECENT FINDINGS:
      3D/4DUS applications are many and varied. Their use in fetal medicine varies with
      the nature of the tissue to be imaged and the challenges each organ system
      presents, versus the advantages of each ultrasound application. We will here
      describe the research and clinical use of 3D/4DUS applications in fetal medicine
      today, as they are applied to greatest benefit to various organ systems. SUMMARY:
      3D/4DUS has been extensively applied to the study of the fetus. Fetal
      applications include all types of anatomical assessment, morphometry and
      volumetry, as well as functional assessment. 3D/4DUS provides many advantages in
      fetal imaging; however, its contribution to improving the accuracy of fetal
      scanning over rates achieved with 2DUS, remains to be established.

PMID- 19996870
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively new
      clinical application but is becoming increasingly used in fetal medicine in
      combination with the established technique of antenatal ultrasound. A review of
      the literature to date provides information for clinicians to help assess which
      patients they should be referring for fetal MRI and what additional information
      to ultrasound they can obtain. RECENT FINDINGS: This review covers recent
      articles on practical aspects of imaging, MR findings in common disorders and
      comparisons with ultrasound. It includes information on current applications for
      fetal MRI, new sequence acquisitions and postprocessing techniques. Fetal motion
      is the single most important barrier to improving image data. SUMMARY: Fetal MR
      has become an established tool for assessing the fetal brain. It provides
      complementary information to ultrasound. However, further optimization of this
      technique is still required to ensure it is exploited to the full in fetal
      medicine.

PMID- 19996871
TI  - Long-term effects of exercise conditioning on intraocular pressure in glaucoma
      suspects.

PMID- 19996873
TI  - Disturbances in everyday life activities and sequence disabilities in tool use
      for Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine whether everyday life activities are affected by general
      cognitive impairment or tool using disabilities in Alzheimer disease (AD) and
      vascular dementia (VaD). METHODS: Thirty AD the National Institute of
      Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease
      and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) and 30 VaD the state of
      California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) patients
      and 10 normal controls (NC) were studied. Everyday activities in the community
      were assessed with the Social Activities Questionnaire (SAQ), and tool uses were
      evaluated with the single-tool and the multiple-tool sequence tasks. RESULTS: The
      SAQ scores of the AD and VaD groups were significantly lower than that of the NC
      group. For the single tool tasks, the AD and VaD groups exhibited lower scores
      than the NC group. The sequence score of the VaD group was lower than that of the
      AD group. The multiple regression analysis disclosed that the SAQ of the AD group
      was explained by the Mini-Mental State Examination and sequence scores. However,
      that of the VaD group was mainly explained by the sequence scores. CONCLUSIONS:
      Disturbances in everyday life activities of AD are associated with general
      cognitive impairment and sequence disabilities. By contrast, those of VaD may be
      based only on sequence disabilities.

PMID- 19996872
TI  - Aging, estrogens, and episodic memory in women.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review the relation in midlife and beyond between estrogen
      exposures and episodic memory in women. BACKGROUND: Episodic memory performance
      declines with usual aging, and impairments in episodic memory often portend the
      development of Alzheimer disease. In the laboratory, estradiol influences
      hippocampal function and animal learning. However, it is controversial whether
      estrogens affect memory after a woman's reproductive years. METHOD: Focused
      literature review, including a summary of a systematic search of clinical trials
      of estrogens in which outcomes included an objective measure of episodic memory.
      RESULTS: The natural menopause transition is not associated with the objective
      changes in episodic memory. Strong clinical trial evidence indicates that
      initiating estrogen-containing hormone therapy after the age of about 60 years
      does not benefit episodic memory. Clinical trial findings in middle-aged women
      before the age of 60 years are limited by smaller sample sizes and shorter
      treatment durations, but these also do not indicate substantial memory effects.
      Limited short-term evidence, however, suggests that estrogens may improve verbal
      memory after surgical menopause. Although hormone therapy initiation in old age
      increases dementia risk, observational studies raise the question of an early
      critical window during which midlife estrogen therapy reduces late-life Alzheimer
      disease. However, almost no data address whether midlife estrogen therapy affects
      episodic memory in old age. CONCLUSIONS: Episodic memory is not substantially
      impacted by the natural menopause transition or improved by the use of estrogen
      containing hormone therapy after the age of 60 years. Further research is needed
      to determine whether outcomes differ after surgical menopause or whether episodic
      memory later in life is modified by midlife estrogenic exposures.

PMID- 19996874
TI  - Behavioral dimensions and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-related effect in
      Alzheimer disease over time: a latent trajectory modeling.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
      (AChEIs) exerts a favorable effect on the behavioral dimensions in Alzheimer
      disease (AD) over time. METHODS: Two hundred AD patients entered the study and
      underwent clinical and neuropsychologic examination. Neuropsychiatry Inventory
      (NPI) total scores and 4 behavioral factor scores, termed "psychosis," "moods,"
      "apathy," and "frontal" were also evaluated. Of this large sample, 107 completed
      the 6-month follow-up and 83 were followed through for 1 year. Latent Trajectory
      Modeling analysis was applied, which allows for the estimation of a developmental
      trajectory over time for each case in the sample adjusting for confounders. These
      trajectories can be modeled to better understand individual differences in rates
      of change of behavioral dimensions and the relationship with AChEIs dose therapy.
      RESULTS: The behavioral phenotypes and NPI total scores were differently
      expressed, the most prevalent being the mood and the less prevalent being frontal
      endophenotype over time. The development relationship between the baseline and
      trend levels of behavioral phenotypes, or NPI total scores and the differences of
      AChEIs, adjusting for disease severity, concurrent drugs, and demographic data
      did not "travel together" through time, that is, the correlations of individual
      trajectories could be estimated equal to zeros. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm
      that behavioral dimensions are variably represented in AD and change over time.
      However, AChEIs could not influence the behavioral disturbance pattern, both
      measured as total behavioral abnormality burden or as behavioral defined
      clusters.

PMID- 19996875
TI  - Response bias for picture recognition in patients with Alzheimer disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether changing recognition stimuli from words to
      pictures would alter response bias in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).
      BACKGROUND: Response bias is an important aspect of memory performance in
      patients with AD, as they show an abnormally liberal response bias compared with
      healthy older adults. We have previously found that despite changes in
      discrimination produced by varying the study and test list length, response bias
      remained remarkably stable in both patients with AD and older adult controls.
      METHODS: Patients with mild AD and healthy older adults underwent two separate
      study-test sessions of pictures and words. For both pictures and words,
      increasing study-test list lengths were used to determine whether bias changed as
      a factor of discrimination or task difficulty. RESULTS: Consistent with apriori
      hypotheses, healthy older adults showed increased discrimination and shifted to a
      more liberal response bias for pictures compared with words. In contrast, despite
      their higher level of discrimination for pictures, patients with AD showed a
      similar response bias for both pictures and words. Bias was consistent across
      varying study-test lengths for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest
      that response bias is a relatively invariant factor of an individual with AD that
      remains liberal regardless of discrimination or stimulus type.

PMID- 19996876
TI  - Implicit sensitivity to disgust-inducing stimuli in self-neglect FTD patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Among behavioral and socioemotional changes occurring before
      cognitive decline at the early stages of frontotemporal dementia, the patients
      often manifest with self-neglect and some criteria of Diogene syndrome. Despite
      the lack of accurate behavior regarding disgust, are they still sensitive to the
      emotional content of disgust-inducing words or scenes? METHODS: Eleven patients
      with frontotemporal dementia, 11 healthy controls, and 34 young adults performed
      a lexical decision task, where some of the words conveyed an emotional content
      and a number comparison task while they were presented with emotion-inducing
      pictures. They were not instructed to identify the emotional content of the words
      and pictures. RESULTS: Contrary to the healthy controls paired for age, the
      patients provided delayed responses for disgust-inducing words in the lexical
      decision task and in presence of disgust-inducing pictures in the number
      comparison task. CONCLUSIONS: Although they manifest with self-neglect and
      inaccurate behavior regarding dirt, the patients were still sensitive to disgust,
      provided that this sensitivity was tested implicitly, suggesting that they above
      all suffer from inabilities in matching the appropriate social behavior with such
      emotions.

PMID- 19996877
TI  - Motor-intentional disorders in right hemisphere stroke.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Damage to premotor and prefrontal regions results in motor-intentional
      disorders (MIDs) that disrupt initiation, maintenance, and termination of
      volitional movements. MIDs more frequently occur in right hemisphere rather than
      in left hemisphere injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence
      of MIDs in patients with right hemisphere stroke and the factors that have
      influence on MIDs. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 25 consecutive patients with
      right hemisphere stroke and 12 normal controls. They underwent a series of
      experiments using force dynamometer along with bedside examination. RESULTS: It
      was identified that the force control test screened for MIDs with a higher
      sensitivity than bedside examinations: motor akinesia (38% vs. 11%), motor
      impersistence (50% vs. 10%), and motor perseveration (47% vs. 25%). The patients
      were significantly inferior to the controls in terms of force control
      capabilities in the 4 force control phases (1.6 to 16.3 times). The location and
      area of lesion and space of force production were not related to the severity of
      MIDs whereas the presence of neglect was related to the severity of MIDs.
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest force dynamometer is a sensitive method to
      detect MIDs and the presence of neglect may influence the frequency of MIDs.

PMID- 19996878
TI  - The processing of emotion in patients with Huntington's disease: variability and
      differential deficits in disgust.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Some studies of emotion recognition in Huntington's disease (HD) have
      not supported early reports of selective impairment in the recognition of facial
      expressions of disgust. This inconsistency could imply that loss of disgust is
      not a feature of all patients with this disease. OBJECTIVES: This study examined
      whether disproportionate impairment in the recognition of disgust was present in
      some HD patients and not in others. Second, we examined whether patients unable
      to recognize facial disgust had parallel impairments in other aspects of the
      emotion. METHOD: Fourteen HD patients and 14 age-matched healthy controls and
      education-matched healthy controls were first assessed on facial emotion
      recognition, with follow-up of individual-level analyses on patients D.W. and
      M.J. RESULTS: Although the group-level analyses revealed a broad profile of
      impaired recognition of negative emotions, individual-level analyses revealed a
      selective impairment of disgust in 47% of HD patients and of fear in 13%. Cross
      modal impairments were only present for disgust, and then only in D.W. and M.J.,
      who were unable to recognize disgust faces and had differential deficits on other
      emotion tasks: auditory recognition of vocal disgust expressions, matching the
      label "disgust" to a picture of a disgusting scene, and semantic knowledge of
      disgust elicitors. CONCLUSION: The findings support the view that impairment in
      the recognition of disgusted facial expressions may reflect processes involving
      the central aspects of disgust knowledge.

PMID- 19996879
TI  - Cognitive and personality features in Parkinson disease: 2 sides of the same
      coin?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to identify the possible relationship between certain
      executive functions and the main personality traits in 25 nondemented Parkinson
      disease (PD) patients. BACKGROUND: Both the presence of cognitive changes-mainly
      concerning executive functions-and peculiar personality traits, such as low
      novelty seeking, moral rigidity, industriousness, or introversion, were fully
      documented in PD patients. METHODS: Patients underwent the Tower of London test
      and Alternating Fluency tasks for planning abilities and cognitive flexibility to
      be assessed. Personality features were evaluated using the Big Five Adjectives
      checklist. RESULTS: The study provided evidence of a significant correlation
      between the Tower of London and the Emotional Stability factor and between
      Alternating Fluencies and the Openness to Experience factor. CONCLUSIONS: The
      Tower of London test and the Emotional Stability factor may require filtering of
      irrelevant information, activation of inhibition mechanisms, and use of negative
      feedback. The Alternating Fluency tasks and the Openness to Experience factor may
      require the ability to switch set and to express flexible thoughts or opinions in
      daily life. These results indicate that cognitive and personality changes in PD
      may be different expressions of a common psychologic mechanism related to the
      dysfunction of the frontostriatal system.

PMID- 19996880
TI  - The neuropsychiatric inventory scores change across the mini mental state
      examination ranges in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter study in
      Turkey.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients at various
      stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACKGROUND: Several earlier studies reported
      high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD; to date, no
      such study has been conducted in Turkey. METHOD: We evaluated 217 patients with
      AD from 18 referral centers across Turkey using a web-based dementia data
      registry. The Mini Mental State Examination and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory
      (NPI) were used to evaluate the global cognitive function, and assessment of
      neuropsychiatric symptoms, respectively. We classified the patients into mild,
      moderate, and severe stages on the basis of their Mini Mental State Examination
      scores. We assessed group differences and correlations between the degree of AD
      severity and NPI values. RESULTS: The highest NPI scores were seen in patients
      with severe AD. The mean composite scores for apathy, anxiety, and depression
      were the highest. The prevalence of any behavioral symptom was 86%. There was no
      difference in the behavioral domain between the groups or between the referral
      centers. Moderate correlation was found between the severity of AD and the total
      NPI score. The caregivers' NPI distress scores varied among referral centers.
      CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of behavioral disturbance in AD is high and similar
      to earlier studies, yet regional differences are seen in caregivers' reactions to
      behavioral symptoms.

PMID- 19996881
TI  - Cognitive and academic outcome after benign or malignant cerebellar tumor in
      children.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of malignancy and location of the cerebellar
      tumor on motor, cognitive, and psychologic outcome. BACKGROUND: Although many
      studies focus on long-term outcome after cerebellar tumor treatment in childhood,
      the impact of its precise location remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS:
      Children, aged from 6 to 13 years, with a cerebellar malignant tumor (MT; MT
      group, n=20) or a cerebellar benign tumor (BT; BT group, n=19) were examined at
      least 6 months after the end of treatment using the international cooperative
      ataxia rating scale, the Purdue pegboard for manual skill assessment and the age
      adapted Weschler scale. Structural changes in brain anatomy were evaluated and
      parents and teachers answered 2 independent questionnaires. RESULTS: Parents and
      teachers reported high rate of learning and academic difficulties, but without
      any difference with respect to the type of tumor. However, children with
      cerebellar MT showed increased cognitive and motor difficulties compared with
      children with cerebellar BT. Cerebellar signs at clinical examination and manual
      skill impairment were strongly associated with cognitive difficulties. Both motor
      and cognitive impairments were found to be associated with extension of the
      lesion to the dentate nuclei. CONCLUSIONS: Dentate nuclei lesions are major risk
      factors of motor and cognitive impairments in both cerebellar BT and MT.

PMID- 19996883
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996885
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996887
TI  - New observations on the trafficking and diapedesis of monocytes.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Monocytes play multiple roles in immune system functions and
      inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. These roles are coupled to diverse
      trafficking and cellular migration behaviors. Here, we review recent advances in
      our understanding of such behaviors with emphasis on broad scale trafficking
      patterns and the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating diapedesis, a
      central aspect of trafficking. RECENT FINDINGS: Monocytes consist of
      'inflammatory' and 'resident' subsets, which exhibit differential functions and
      trafficking properties. Notably, the spleen has recently been identified as a
      reservoir of inflammatory monocytes, which are readily recruited to injured
      myocardium and possibly other tissues. Resident monocytes have been shown to
      undergo long-range crawling within the lumen of the microvasculature, which
      facilitates immune surveillance and rapid response to infection. Monocyte
      diapedesis has been demonstrated to utilize both para and transcellular migration
      routes facilitated by endothelial 'transmigratory cups'. A significant number of
      new adhesion molecules and signaling pathways have recently been uncovered as
      functional mediators and modulators of these processes. SUMMARY: Our improving
      understanding of monocyte trafficking and migration mechanisms has begun to shed
      light on the functions of these often enigmatic cells. Continued progress in this
      area will be critical for elucidating roles of monocytes in disease and for
      developing therapeutics that target monocytes.

PMID- 19996888
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996891
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996893
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996890
TI  - Regulation of sodium transport by ENaC in the kidney.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays
      a major role in the regulation of sodium transport in the collecting duct and
      hence sodium balance. This review describes recent findings in the regulation of
      ENaC function by serine proteases in particular and other regulatory aspects.
      RECENT FINDINGS: Regulation of ENaC occurs at many levels (biophysical,
      transcriptional, post-translational modifications, assembly, membrane insertion,
      retrieval, recycling, degradation, etc.). Recent studies have recognized and
      delineated proteolytic cleavage, particularly of the alpha and gamma subunits, as
      major mechanisms of activation. Release of peptide fragments from these two
      subunits appears to be an important aspect of activation. These proteolytic
      mechanisms of ENaC activation have also been demonstrated in vivo and strongly
      suggested in clinical circumstances, particularly the nephrotic syndrome. In the
      nephrotic syndrome, filtered plasminogen may be cleaved by tubular urokinase to
      yield plasmin which can activate ENaC. In addition to these mechanisms,
      regulation by ubiquitination and deubiquitination represents a pivotal process.
      Several important deubiquitinating enzymes have been identified as important in
      ENaC retention in, or recycling to, the apical membrane. New aspects of the
      genomic control of ENaC transcription have also been found including histone
      methylation. SUMMARY: The mechanisms of regulation of ENaC are increasingly
      understood to be a complex interplay of many different levels and systems.
      Proteolytic cleavage of alpha and gamma subunits plays a major role in ENaC
      activation. This may be particularly clinically relevant in nephrotic syndrome in
      which plasmin may activate ENaC activity.

PMID- 19996895
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996897
TI  - Phenotypic characterization of severe asthma.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight recent literature that informs our understanding
      of severe asthma. Severe asthma is an increasingly important part of specialty
      practice, is responsible for disproportionate healthcare utilization, and
      contributes significantly to the costs of care. Better recognition of this subset
      of asthma can lead to improved healthcare. RECENT FINDINGS: Key recent
      observations in severe asthma include demographic characterizations of several
      large study populations and the increasing understanding that relative steroid
      resistance is a virtually universal feature. In addition, strong associations
      with interleukin-13 and mammalian chitinase have emerged, and abnormalities of
      endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways have been examined. The role of protein
      biomarkers to identify and delineate severe asthma is now being investigated. The
      pathogenic significance of each of these observations is still being clarified,
      but it appears that severe asthma may have mechanistic underpinnings distinct
      from that of mild or moderate asthma. SUMMARY: Severe asthma is a discrete, but
      variably defined phenotype of asthma. Steroid resistance is extremely common,
      patients may require doses of inhaled steroids for control that exceed usual
      guidelines and may also require multiple controller agents. New mechanistic
      insights could provide important avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 19996898
TI  - Current world literature.

PMID- 19996901
TI  - Street children in India: a Non-Government Organization (NGO)-based intervention
      model.

PMID- 19996902
TI  - Developmental and behavioral disorders grown up: Tourette's disorder.

PMID- 19996900
TI  - Broad clinical involvement in a family affected by the fragile X premutation.
AB  - The mutations in the FMR1 gene have been described as a family of disorders
      called fragile X-associated disorders including fragile X syndrome, fragile X
      associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency, and other
      problems associated with the premutation, such as hypothyroidism, hypertension,
      neuropathy, anxiety, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, and
      autism spectrum disorders. The premutation is relatively common in the general
      population affecting 1 of 130 to 250 female individuals and 1 of 250 to 800 male
      individuals. Therefore, to provide appropriate treatment and genetic counseling
      for all of the carriers and affected individuals in a family, a detailed family
      history that reviews many of the disorders that are related to both the
      premutation and the full mutation should be carried out as exemplified in these
      cases. To facilitate the integration of this knowledge into clinical practice,
      this is the first case report that demonstrates only premutation involvement
      across 3 generations.

PMID- 19996903
TI  - Influences on adherence to pediatric asthma treatment: a review of correlates and
      predictors.
AB  - Nonadherence to treatment is an important influence on the health outcomes of
      children and adolescents with pediatric asthma, which is the most prevalent
      childhood chronic illness. Because the factors that influence treatment adherence
      for pediatric asthma are not well understood, a comprehensive review of relevant
      research is needed. To address this need, research concerning the correlates and
      predictors of adherence to inhaled corticosteroid treatment for pediatric asthma
      was reviewed. Significant predictors and correlates of treatment adherence
      identified in this review were consistent with a conceptual model that included
      family demographic characteristics and functioning, parent and child
      characteristics, health care system and provider characteristics, and child
      health outcomes. Family functioning and parental beliefs about asthma and
      medication treatment demonstrated consistent relationships with treatment
      adherence. Future research should test multivariate models of influences on
      treatment adherence in pediatric asthma in prospective studies using reliable and
      valid measures of predictors and outcomes. Intervention studies are also needed
      that target potentially modifiable, empirically supported influences to enhance
      treatment adherence. The clinical management of pediatric asthma would be
      enhanced by routine assessment of barriers to treatment adherence and
      anticipatory interventions that address them to prevent nonadherence.

PMID- 19996904
TI  - Applying Bayesian analysis to evaluation of developmental screening.

PMID- 19996905
TI  - Late onset autistic symptoms and other fluctuating behaviors.
AB  - Suzanna was born to a 26-year-old woman who used cocaine, alcohol, and cigarettes
      and experienced domestic violence throughout her pregnancy. Suzanna was placed in
      foster care with her current adoptive family after her birth. Her initial
      evaluation at 4 years revealed a global developmental delay (physical: 6 months;
      social and communication: 12 months). Improvements in development seemed to be in
      response to subsequent interventions. At 5 years, she had borderline intellectual
      functioning, an expressive or receptive language disorder, and attention-deficit
      hyperactivity disorder.Suzanna experienced an abrupt developmental decline at 6
      1/2 years old. She lost cognitive abilities, and she no longer carried on
      conversations. Although she was no longer interactive with most people, she
      remained affectionate with her parents. Her mother thought that Suzanna had
      visual and auditory hallucinations. In addition, she developed encopresis and
      hand flapping. A neurological evaluation, including a test for Rett Syndrome, was
      negative. Her Full Scale IQ dropped from 73 to 50 with decreased adaptive
      functioning and clinically significant problems with hyperactivity, attention,
      and functional communication.Suzanna's development stabilized temporarily during
      an 18-month period. A second period of declining function included "zombie-like"
      behavior, anxiety, and hallucinations. Weekly sessions in child psychiatry
      included treatment with risperidone, methylphenidate, and supportive therapy for
      mother and child. After some clinical improvements in behavior, attention, and
      functioning, a psychological assessment confirmed the persistence of moderate
      mental retardation. A multidisciplinary team considered a diagnosis of childhood
      disintegrative disorder.

PMID- 19996910
TI  - World Trade Center multiple myeloma: police responders only?

PMID- 19996911
TI  - A safe route to work? Accident experience of World Bank Group bike commuters.

PMID- 19996912
TI  - Study of the work status of chronic pain patients based on a French cross
      sectional survey.

PMID- 19996915
TI  - The data sets needed for analysis of heart-rate complexity to identify trauma
      patients with potentially lethal injuries.

PMID- 19996916
TI  - Communicating both clinical and basic science studies on shock and inflammation.

PMID- 19996917
TI  - Preconditioning mesenchymal stem cells with transforming growth factor-alpha
      improves mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cardioprotection.
AB  - Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for acute organ ischemia in
      part due to their paracrine production of growth factors. However, transplanted
      cells encounter an inflammatory environment that mitigates their function and
      survival, and treating the cells with exogenous agents during ex vivo expansion
      before transplantation is one strategy for overcoming this limitation by
      enhancing paracrine function. We hypothesized that preconditioning bone marrow
      MSCs with TGF-alpha would 1) increase MSC production of the critical paracrine
      factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), via a p38 mitogen-activated
      protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent mechanism and 2) enhance myocardial functional
      recovery in a rat model of acute myocardial I/R injury. To study this, bone
      marrow MSCs were harvested from adult male mice (C57BL/6J) and treated in vitro
      for 24 h according to the following groups: 1) control, 2) TGF-alpha (250 ng mL (
      1)), 3) TNF-alpha (50 ng mL (-1)), 4) TGF-alpha + TNF-alpha, 5) hypoxia, and 6)
      TGF-alpha + hypoxia. For the isolated heart perfusion experiments, adult male
      Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were isolated, perfused via the Langendorff model, and
      subjected to I/R. Vehicle or MSCs with or without TGF-alpha preconditioning were
      infused immediately before ischemia. Mesenchymal stem cells were also treated
      with TGF-alpha alone or in combination with a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190). In
      vitro, TGF-alpha increased MSC VEGF production alone (157.9 +/- 1.11 - 291.0 +/-
      3.74 pg 10 (-5); P < 0.05) and, to a greater extent, in combination with TNF
      alpha or hypoxia (364.5 +/- 0.868 and 342.0 +/- 7.92 pg 10(-5) cells,
      respectively; P < 0.05 vs. TGF-alpha alone). Postischemic myocardial functional
      recovery was greater in hearts infused with TGF-alpha-preconditioned MSCs
      compared with untreated MSCs or vehicle. Myocardial IL-1beta and TNF-alpha
      production and activation of caspase 3 were significantly decreased after
      infusion of both cell groups. p38 MAPK inhibition suppressed TGF-alpha-stimulated
      MSC VEGF production and postischemic myocardial recovery. These results suggest
      that TGF-alpha stimulates MSC VEGF production in part via a p38 MAPK-dependent
      mechanism, and preconditioning MSCs with TGF-alpha may enhance their ability to
      protect myocardium during I/R injury.

PMID- 19996919
TI  - Delay of LPS-induced acute lung injury resolution by soluble immune complexes is
      neutrophil dependent.

PMID- 19996921
TI  - Restorative and rejection-associated lymphangiogenesis after renal
      transplantation: friend or foe?
AB  - The review focuses on lymphangiogenesis as a possible contributor to interstitial
      fibrosis leading to chronic renal transplant injury, which culminates in the loss
      of 5% transplants annually. The process of lymphatic reconnection after renal
      transplantation and the mechanisms and mediators of lymphangiogenesis are
      explored in the context of new specific lymphatic markers. In addition,
      potentially exciting research avenues are examined, with the specific aim of
      determining whether new lymphatic formation is beneficial or detrimental to the
      transplanted kidney.

PMID- 19996920
TI  - Escaping from rejection.
AB  - Since the earliest days of transplantation, immunobiologists have sought means to
      prevent recognition and rejection of foreign tissue. The goal of these strategies
      is the retention of recipient immune function while selectively avoiding graft
      injury. Although considerable theoretical and technical problems remain, an
      analogous problem and solution already exists in nature. Here, we discuss the
      mechanisms by which organisms preclude or control autotoxicity, and for each,
      consider the corollaries between prevention of autotoxicity and graft rejection.
      Further study of these controls, including structural and conditional tolerance
      and accommodation, will offer insight into new therapies for allo- and
      xenotransplantation.

PMID- 19996923
TI  - Prolonged survival of composite facial allografts in non-human primates
      associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Composite tissue allotransplantation may have different
      immunosuppressive requirements and manifest different complications compared with
      solid organ transplantation. We developed a non-human primate facial composite
      tissue allotransplantation model to investigate strategies to achieve prolonged
      graft survival and immunologic responses unique to these allografts. METHODS:
      Composite facial subunits consisting of skin, muscle, and bone were
      heterotopically transplanted to mixed lymphocyte reaction-mismatched Cynomolgus
      macaques. Tacrolimus monotherapy was administered via continuous intravenous
      infusion for 28 days then tapered to daily intramuscular doses. RESULTS: Five of
      the six animals treated with tacrolimus monotherapy demonstrated rejection-free
      graft survival up to 177 days (mean, 113 days). All animals with prolonged graft
      survival developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). Three
      animals converted to rapamycin after 28 days of rejection of their allografts,
      but did not develop PTLD. Genotypic analysis of PTLD tumors demonstrated donor
      origin in three of the five analyzed by short-tandem repeats. Sustained
      alloantibodies were detected in rejecting grafts and absent in nonrejecting
      grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Tacrolimus monotherapy provided prolonged rejection-free
      survival of composite facial allografts in a non-human primate model but was
      associated with the development of a high frequency of donor-derived PTLD tumors.
      The transplantation of a large volume of vascularized bone marrow in composite
      tissue allografts may be a risk factor for PTLD development.

PMID- 19996924
TI  - Repetitive hypoxic preconditioning attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion induced
      oxidative injury via upregulating HIF-1 alpha-dependent bcl-2 signaling.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In response to ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning, tissues/organs
      exhibit protective responses to subsequent and severe ischemic stress. We
      hypothesized that repetitive hypoxic preconditioning (RHP) may provide long
      lasting protection than single preconditioning against ischemia/reperfusion
      injury in rat kidneys through hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1-dependent pathway.
      METHODS: For RHP induction, female Wistar rats were subjected to intermittent
      hypoxic exposure (380 Torr) 15 hr/day for 28 days. RESULTS: RHP increased renal
      HIF-1 alpha mRNA and protein expression and triggered HIF-1 alpha-dependent renal
      Bcl-2 protein expression in a time-dependent manner. When returning to normoxia,
      increased RHP exposure prolonged renal Bcl-2 expression. Forty-five minutes of
      renal ischemia with 4 hr of reperfusion enhanced O2- levels and proapoptotic
      mechanisms, including enhanced cytosolic Bax translocation to mitochondria,
      release of cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase 3, poly-(ADP-ribose)
      polymerase fragments, tubular apoptosis, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine
      level. RHP treatment depressed renal O2- production, mitochondrial Bax
      translocation and cytochrome c release, and tubular apoptosis. In the primary
      tubular cultures from RHP-treated kidneys, antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides of
      bcl-2 abrogated this protection. CONCLUSIONS: RHP activates an HIF-1 alpha
      dependent signaling cascade leading to an increase in Bcl-2 protein expression,
      an inhibition in cytosolic Bax and mitochondrial cytochrome c translocation, and
      a hypoxic/ischemia tolerance against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

PMID- 19996925
TI  - Interleukin-17-producing T-helper cells as new potential player mediating graft
      versus-host disease in patients undergoing allogeneic stem-cell transplantation.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major obstacle to safe
      allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, leading to significant
      mortality. Recently, T-helper (TH)-17 cells have been shown to play a central
      role in mediating several autoimmune diseases. The aim of our study was to
      investigate the relationship between TH-17 cells and GVHD occurring in
      transplanted patients. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 51
      hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation patients and 15 healthy donors. Patients
      with GVHD were monitored for the presence of TH-17 cells by ELISPOT or flow
      cytometry in the peripheral blood and by confocal microscopy in GVHD lesions.
      Cytokine plasma levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: An increased TH-17
      population (up to 4.8% of peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes) was observed in
      patients with acute GVHD and (up to 2.4%) in patients with active chronic GVHD
      along with an inflammatory process. In contrast, the percentage of TH-17 cells
      drastically decreased in patients with inactive chronic GVHD. TH-17 cells
      consisted of both interleukin (IL)-17+/interferon (IFN)-gamma- and IL-17+/IFN
      gamma+ subsets and expressed IL-23 receptor. Interestingly, IFN-gamma+ TH-17
      cells were able to infiltrate GVHD lesions as observed in liver and skin
      sections. Moreover, the proportion of TH-17 was inversely correlated with the
      proportion of regulatory T cells observed in the peripheral blood and tissues
      affected by GVHD. Finally, we demonstrated a strong correlation between TH-17
      levels and the clinical status of patients with GVHD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
      support the hypothesis that TH-17 are involved in the active phases of GVHD and
      may represent a novel cellular target for developing new strategies for GVHD
      treatment.

PMID- 19996926
TI  - Morbidity and mortality in 1022 consecutive living donor nephrectomies: benefits
      of a living donor registry.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We assessed postoperative complication rates in living donor
      nephrectomies (LDN) during the last decade (1997-2008). METHODS: Postoperative
      complications were classified by the Clavien grading system. We defined Clavien
      grade more than or equal to 3 as major complications. A total of 1022 LDNs
      performed during the period 1997-2008 were included. RESULTS: Median age at
      donation was 47.7 years (range 18.4-78.9), and mean body mass index was 25.4 (SD
      3.2). There was no peri- or postoperative mortality. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was
      performed in 244 (23.9%) donors. Three of these needed surgical conversion. A
      total of 30 major (2.9%) and 184 (18%) minor complications were registered. There
      was a higher frequency of major complications in the laparoscopic group (4.1% vs.
      2.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Twenty-three donors
      underwent early re-operations. Wound infection developed in 3.7% of donors.
      Increased risk was associated with body mass index more than 25 (OR 4.03; 95% CI
      1.80, 9.04) and smoking (OR 4.38; 95% CI 2.30, 9.96). Significant perioperative
      bleeding occurred in 1.6%. There were seven cases of renal artery laceration.
      Increased risk for a combined endpoint of intraoperative incidents, major
      complications and significant bleeding were seen in relation to laparoscopic
      surgery (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.33, 5.19). CONCLUSION: The risk of major complications
      related to LDN is low, but do represent a potential hazard to the donor. The
      special nature of LDN and the constantly evolving operative technique requires
      vigilant surveillance, by the use of national or supranational
      registries/databases.

PMID- 19996927
TI  - Endoscopic management of biliary complications after adult living-donor versus
      deceased-donor liver transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although data about the incidence and management of biliary
      complications after deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT) are well defined,
      those pertaining to adult living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are
      conflicting. METHODS: We retrospectively compared endoscopic retrograde cholangio
      pancreatography (ERCP) findings in 30 LDLT vs. 357 DDLT consecutive adult
      recipients with duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction. LDLT and DDLT recipients
      were followed up for median durations of 30.5 and 36.0 months after the last
      ERCP, respectively. RESULTS: Postoperative biliary complications were more
      frequently identified at ERCP after LDLT versus DDLT (10/30 [33.3%] vs. 34/357
      [9.5%]; P<0.001). Complications mainly consisted of anastomotic biliary
      strictures (10/30 [33.3%] vs. 27/357 [7.6%]; LDLT vs. DDLT recipients,
      respectively; P<0.001) and biliary leaks (4/30 [13.3%] vs. 6/357 [1.7%]; LDLT vs.
      DDLT recipients, respectively; P=0.005; some patients had both complications).
      Stricture dilation was successful in 4/10 (40%) LDLT vs. 27/27 (100%) DDLT
      recipients (P<0.001), and bile ducts remained patent up to the end of follow-up
      without further intervention in 2/10 (20.0%) vs. 21/27 (77.8%) patients,
      respectively (P=0.002). Endoscopic treatment of bile leaks was successful in 3/4
      (75.0%) vs. 5/6 (83.3%) LDLT versus DDLT recipients, respectively (NS).
      CONCLUSIONS: Biliary complications were more frequent after LDLT compared with
      DDLT. Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic biliary strictures was successful in a
      minority of patients after LDLT, in contrast with DDLT. Most biliary leaks were
      successfully treated at endoscopy after LDLT or DDLT.

PMID- 19996928
TI  - Histologic graft assessment after clinical islet transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: An accurate monitoring would help understanding the fate of islet
      grafts after transplantation. METHODS: This work assessed the feasibility of
      needle biopsy monitoring after intraportal islet transplantation (n=16), and
      islet graft morphology was studied with the addition of autopsy samples (n=2).
      Pancreas autopsy samples from two nondiabetic individuals were used as control.
      RESULTS: Islet tissue was found in five needle samples (31%). Sampling success
      was related to size (100% sampling for the four biopsies of 1.8 cm in length or
      higher, P<or=0.01). Mild liver abnormalities included localized steatosis (n=8),
      mild nodular regenerative hyperplasia and mild portal venopathy (n=3), and
      hepatocyte swelling (n=2). Endocrine cell composition and distribution were
      similar between islet grafts and normal islets within the native pancreas. There
      was no or minimal immune cell infiltrate in patients on and off exogenous
      insulin, including two patients with ongoing negative metabolic events
      (increasing HbA1c or insulin requirement). The infiltrate was mainly composed of
      CD4- and CD8-positive cells. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that needle
      biopsy is feasible after clinical islet transplantation but with a limited
      practical value because of its low islet sampling rate using current sampling and
      analysis methods. Both biopsy and autopsy samples demonstrated the well-preserved
      islet endocrine composition after transplantation and the presence of focal areas
      of steatosis. Islet grafts showed no or minimal immune cell infiltration, even in
      the case of ongoing islet loss. On the basis of the findings, possible reasons
      for allograft islet loss are discussed.

PMID- 19996929
TI  - Efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted corneal endothelial
      keratoplasty: a randomized multicenter clinical trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted
      endothelial keratoplasty (FLEK) versus penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients
      with corneal endothelial disease. METHODS: A randomized multicenter clinical
      trial of 80 eyes of 80 patients with corneal endothelial disease were randomized
      to FLEK or PK. Clinical outcomes (astigmatism and visual acuity) and incidence of
      postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: At 12
      months, the percentage of eyes with a refractive astigmatism less than or equal
      to 3 diopters was higher in the FLEK group in comparison with the PK group (86.2%
      vs. 51.3%, P=0.004). The mean postoperative best corrected visual acuity was
      20/70+/-2 lines in the FLEK group and 20/44+/-2 lines in the PK group (P<0.001),
      but the gain in the best corrected visual acuity between the two groups was not
      significantly different. The endothelial cell loss in the FLEK and PK group was
      65+/-12% and 23+/-15% (P<0.001). The most common postoperative complication in
      the FLEK group was graft dislocation (27.8%). Wound healing related problems
      occurred in six eyes (15%) in the PK group and in none of the FLEK eyes.
      CONCLUSIONS: FLEK effectively reduces postoperative astigmatism and results in an
      absence of wound healing related problems in patients with endothelial disease.
      However, visual acuity is lower as compared with conventional PK, and the high
      level of endothelial cell loss warrants a modification of the insertion technique
      of the endothelial graft.

PMID- 19996930
TI  - The human "Treg MLR": immune monitoring for FOXP3+ T regulatory cell generation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Controversy exists about the conditions effecting the development of
      forkhead/winghead helix transcription factor P3 (FOXP3) expressing T cells and
      their relevance in transplant recipients. METHODS: We generated carboxy
      fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled CD4+CD25 high FOXP3+ cells in
      mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) ("the Treg MLR"), with varying human leukocyte
      antigen (HLA) disparities and cell components. Five color flow cytometry and H
      thymidine uptakes were the readouts. RESULTS: (1) Despite lower stimulation
      indices (SIs) than two DR-mismatched MLRs, 2 DR-matched MLRs generated more than
      twofold higher percentages when gating on proliferating CD4+CD25 high FOXP3+
      cells; (2) Even with low numbers of proliferating cells, autologous and HLA
      identical MLRs generated the highest FOXP3+:FOXP3- cell ratios; (3) Elimination
      of either non-CD3+ responding cells (resulting in "direct presentation" only) or
      responding CD25+ (Treg generating) cells increased the SI but inhibited
      proliferating CD4+CD25 high FOXP3+ cell development; (4) MLR-generated CD4+CD25
      high FOXP3+ cells added as third components specifically inhibited the same
      freshly set MLR SI and caused recruitment of new CD4+CD25 high FOXP3+ cells. As
      an example of the "Treg MLR" immune monitoring potential, addition of third
      component peripheral blood mononuclear cell containing high percentages of
      CD4+CD25 high FOXP3+ cells from an HLA identical kidney transplant recipient (in
      a tolerance protocol) caused donor-specific Treg MLR inhibition or recruitment.
      This was similar to the third component MLR Tregs generated entirely in vitro.
      CONCLUSION: In the Treg MLR, the generation of CD4+CD25 high FOXP3+ cells is more
      pronounced in the context of self-recognition (HLA matching, indirect
      presentation). These cells can be assayed for MLR inhibitory and Treg recruitment
      functions, so as to immunologically monitor the allospecific regulation after
      transplantation.

PMID- 19996931
TI  - Phase I study of high-stringency CD8 depletion of donor leukocyte infusions after
      allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Donor leukocyte infusions (DLI) are given after hematopoietic stem
      cell transplantation to eradicate persistent tumor or correct mixed chimerism
      (MC). The drawback of DLI is the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In
      this phase I study, we examined the potential of highly extensive CD8 depletion
      of DLI as a means of improving its safety profile. METHODS: High-stringency
      immunomagnetic CD8 depletion of DLI was performed after steady state donor
      apheresis. Patients with persistent disease or MC received escalated dose CD8
      depleted DLI at 3-month intervals starting from 6 months posttransplantation. The
      starting dose was 1 x 10(6) CD4 cells/kg in recipients of unrelated and 3 x 10(6)
      CD4 cells/kg in recipients of related donor transplantations. RESULTS: Twenty
      eight patients received CD8-depleted DLI (n=16 unrelated or mismatched, n=12
      human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling). Median CD8 depletion was more than 4
      log. The median overall dose of CD4+ cells/kg given was 4 x 10(6) (range 1 x
      10(6)-43 x 10(6)). Conversion from MC to full donor chimerism was observed in 8
      of 16 evaluable patients, and disease responses occurred in 5 of 11 patients
      (complete response in four and partial response in one). Five of 28 patients
      developed severe acute pattern (grade II-IV) GVHD. Two patients died as a result
      of complications relating to GVHD. CONCLUSIONS: Graft-versus-tumor effects can be
      observed after high-stringency CD8-depleted DLI, although the major toxicity
      remains GVHD in this high-risk patient group. The safety and efficacy profile of
      this approach will require testing in a randomized controlled study.

PMID- 19996933
TI  - Quality of life revisited: the concept of connectedness in older adults.
AB  - Viewing quality of life from a generative context gave rise to a new perspective
      and the old term quality of life failed to capture the essence of the new idea.
      Creation of a new term required a series of deliberate studies to develop the
      concept of connectedness. This article traces the conceptual progression and
      presents the concept synthesis of connectedness using literary synthesis,
      qualitative synthesis, and quantitative synthesis. Based on the concept
      synthesis, connectedness in community-dwelling older adults can be defined as
      engaging life by self-regulating, facing aging, being part of a family, having
      friends, and being spiritual.

PMID- 19996932
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis in a lung transplant recipient acquired from the donor graft
      in France.

PMID- 19996934
TI  - Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing: the challenge of evidence-based
      practice.
AB  - This article reconsiders the fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing in light
      of the challenge of narrow empirics in the form of evidence-based practice.
      Objections to the dominance of evidence-based practice are reviewed, and the
      reasons for it are examined. It is argued that it is partially the result of
      weaknesses in the alternative patterns of ethical, personal, and esthetic
      knowing, the ineffability of which compromises accountability. This ineffability
      can be countered only by introducing a wider form of empirics than countenanced
      by evidence-based practice into all patterns of knowing, to demonstrate their
      salience and to make their use in practice transparent.

PMID- 19996935
TI  - High prevalence of natural polymorphisms in Gag (CA-SP1) associated with reduced
      response to Bevirimat, an HIV-1 maturation inhibitor.
AB  - Mutations H358Y, L363F/M, A364V and A366T/V confer in-vitro resistance to
      bevirimat. Moreover, polymorphisms at the Glutamine-Valine-Threonine (QVT) motif
      (369-371) have been associated with reduced bevirimat activity in vivo. The rate
      of these changes was assessed in 389 HIV+ patients naive for bevirimat. QVT
      polymorphisms were frequent (47%), especially in non-B subtypes (93%).
      Conversely, only four patients (1%) harbored major bevirimat resistance
      mutations. Finally, specific gag changes were associated with protease inhibitor
      resistance mutations in subtype B viruses.

PMID- 19996936
TI  - Addition of extended zidovudine to extended nevirapine prophylaxis reduces
      nevirapine resistance in infants who were HIV-infected in utero.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Infants (PEPI)-Malawi trial, most
      women received single-dose nevirapine (NVP) at delivery, and infants in the
      extended study arms received single-dose NVP along with 1 week of daily
      zidovudine (ZDV), followed by either extended daily NVP or extended daily NVP and
      ZDV up to 14 weeks of age. Although extended NVP prophylaxis reduces the risk of
      postnatal HIV transmission, it may increase the risk of NVP resistance among
      infants who are HIV-infected despite prophylaxis. METHODS: We analyzed 88 infants
      in the PEPI-Malawi trial who were HIV-infected in utero and who received
      prophylaxis for a median of 6 weeks prior to HIV diagnosis. HIV genotyping was
      performed using the ViroSeq HIV Genotyping System. RESULTS: At 14 weeks of age,
      the proportion of infants with NVP resistance was lower in the extended NVP and
      ZDV arm than in the extended NVP arm (28/45, 62.2% vs. 37/43, 86.0%; P = 0.015).
      None of the infants had ZDV resistance. Addition of extended ZDV to extended NVP
      was associated with reduced risk of NVP resistance at 14 weeks if prophylaxis was
      stopped by 6 weeks (54.5 vs. 85.7%, P = 0.007) but not if prophylaxis was
      continued beyond 6 weeks (83.3 vs. 87.5%, P = 1.00). CONCLUSION: Addition of
      extended ZDV to extended NVP prophylaxis significantly reduced the risk of NVP
      resistance at 14 weeks in infants who were HIV-infected in utero, provided that
      HIV infection was diagnosed and the prophylaxis was stopped by 6 weeks of age.

PMID- 19996937
TI  - Cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients despite long-standing suppression of
      viremia.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cognitive complaints and HIV-associated
      neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) in a cohort of aviremic HIV-positive patients.
      To evaluate the relevance of the HIV dementia scale to detect HANDs. DESIGN:
      Assessment of HANDs with neuropsychological tests. METHODS: Two hundred HIV
      infected patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA concentrations in the plasma, no
      history of major opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in the
      past 3 years, no current use of intravenous drugs, and no major depression
      answered a questionnaire designed to elicit cognitive complaints. Cognitive
      functions of 50 complaining and 50 noncomplaining HIV-positive patients were
      assessed. RESULTS: Patients had undetectable HIV-1 RNA concentrations for a
      median time of 48 months (range 3.2-136.6). The prevalence of cognitive
      complaints was 27%. The prevalence of HANDs was 84% among patients with cognitive
      complaints (asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment 24%, mild neurocognitive
      disorders 52%, and HIV-associated dementia 8%) and 64% among noncomplainers
      (asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment 60%, mild neurocognitive disorders 4%,
      and HIV-associated dementia 0%; P < 0.001). A score of 14 points or less on the
      HIV dementia scale yielded a positive predictive value of HANDs of 92% in
      complainers and 82% in noncomplainers. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HANDs is
      high even in long-standing aviremic HIV-positive patients. However, HANDs without
      functional repercussion in daily life (asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment) is
      the most frequent subtype observed. In this population, the HIV dementia scale
      with a cutoff of 14 points or less seems to provide a useful tool to screen for
      the presence of HANDs.

PMID- 19996938
TI  - APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic
      variants influence CD4+ T-cell counts and plasma viral load.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: In the absence of HIV-1 virion infectivity factor (Vif), cellular
      cytosine deaminases such as apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic
      polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) inhibit the virus by inducing hypermutations on
      viral DNA, among other mechanisms of action. We investigated the association of
      APOBEC3G mRNA levels and genetic variants on HIV-1 susceptibility, and early
      disease pathogenesis using viral load and CD4 T-cell counts as outcomes. METHODS:
      Study participants were 250 South African women at high risk for HIV-1 subtype C
      infection. We used real-time PCR to measure the expression of APOBEC3G in HIV
      negative and HIV-positive primary infection samples. APOBEC3G variants were
      identified by DNA re-sequencing and TaqMan genotyping. RESULTS: We found no
      correlation between APOBEC3G expression levels and plasma viral loads (r = 0.053,
      P = 0.596) or CD4 T-cell counts (r = 0.030, P = 0.762) in 32 seroconverters.
      APOBEC3G expression levels were higher in HIV-negative individuals as compared
      with HIV-positive individuals (P < 0.0001), including matched pre and
      postinfection samples from the same individuals (n = 13, P < 0.0001). Twenty-four
      single nucleotide polymorphisms, including eight novel, were identified within
      APOBEC3G by re-sequencing and genotyping. The H186R mutation, a codon-changing
      variant in exon 4, and a 3' extragenic mutation (rs35228531) were associated with
      high viral loads (P = 0.0097 and P < 0.0001) and decreased CD4 T-cell levels (P =
      0.0081 and P < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that
      APOBEC3G transcription is rapidly downregulated upon HIV-1 infection. During
      primary infection, APOBEC3G expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells do not correlate with viral loads or CD4 T-cell counts. Genetic variation
      of APOBEC3G may significantly affect early HIV-1 pathogenesis, although the
      mechanism remains unclear and warrants further investigation.

PMID- 19996939
TI  - Initiation of antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in resource-limited
      countries: CD4+ cell count response and program retention.
AB  - OBJECTIVE(S): Few data are available from resource-limited countries on long-term
      outcomes of HIV-infected women who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) during
      pregnancy. DESIGN: Analysis of data from adult patients enrolled in the MTCT-Plus
      Initiative who initiated ART between 2003 and 2006 in seven countries in Sub
      Saharan Africa and Thailand. METHODS: Mean population changes were assessed and
      multivariable mixed linear regression modeling was used to examine covariate
      effects on differences in absolute CD4 cell count responses. Kaplan-Meier methods
      were used to examine program retention combining survival and losses to follow
      up. RESULTS: Of 2229 individuals initiating ART, 1688 were women, of which 605
      were pregnant (median gestational age 7 months), 1083 were not pregnant, and 541
      were men. The average CD4 response by 30 months on ART was 451 cells/microl among
      women who were pregnant at ART initiation as compared with 435 cells/microl among
      nonpregnant women (P = 0.53) and 349 cells/microl among men (P < 0.001). In
      multivariable analysis, lower CD4 cell increase was independently associated with
      male sex, older age, and lower CD4 cell count at initiation. After 30 months on
      ART retention was 0.85 with no retention differences between pregnant women,
      nonpregnant women, and men. CONCLUSION: HIV-infected women in resource-limited
      countries who start ART during pregnancy have similar or better long-term CD4
      cell count responses as compared with other adults. These data support efforts to
      provide pregnant HIV-infected women with access to ART in resource-limited
      countries.

PMID- 19996941
TI  - Pulmonary hemodynamic response to acute combination and monotherapy with
      sildenafil and brain natriuretic peptide in rats with monocrotaline-induced
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The lungs of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
      exhibit decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide and downstream signaling
      through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Therapies that enhance cGMP
      mediated vasodilation have shown efficacy in treating PAH. We tested the
      hypothesis that combination therapy with sildenafil, a cGMP phosphodiesterase
      type 5 inhibitor, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a receptor-mediated
      guanosine cyclase stimulator, synergistically attenuates monocrotaline-induced
      PAH in rats compared with either monotherapy. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley
      rats were subcutaneously injected with monocrotaline (n = 41, 50 mg/kg). After
      approximately 4 weeks, the rats were infused intravenously with vehicle solution,
      sildenafil (42 and 85 microg/kg/min), or BNP (50 and 100 ng/kg/min), alone and in
      varied combination. The primary endpoint was the relative change in right
      ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean arterial systemic pressure (MAP).
      Secondary endpoints included heart rate and dP/dt. RESULTS: Vehicle infusions did
      not alter hemodynamic variables. Sildenafil85 (85 microg/kg/min) alone decreased
      RVSP (-16.6 +/- 5.6%) and decreased MAP (-4.0 +/- 4.7%). BNP50 (50 ng/kg/min) and
      BNP100 (100 ng/kg/min) decreased RVSP (-23.3 +/- 5.7% and -27.1 +/- 2.9%,
      respectively) and MAP (-6.4 +/- 5.8% and -14.3 +/- 4.1%, respectively).
      Combination therapy with sildenafil42 and BNP50 decreased RVSP (-20.7 +/- 5.6%)
      and showed a lessened systemic effect (MAP = -11.6 +/- 5.9%). Combination therapy
      with sildenafil85 and BNP100 decreased RVSP (-27.6 +/- 3.2%, P = NS) and showed
      increased systemic effect (MAP = -20.7 +/- 3.1%, P < 0.05) in comparison with
      sildenafil85. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that intravenous administration of
      both sildenafil and BNP monotherapy produces significant improvement in RVSP,
      making them potentially viable options for the treatment of PAH, whereas
      combination therapy produces no additional improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics.

PMID- 19996942
TI  - Giant urinary bladder diverticulum mimicking intra-abdominal cyst.

PMID- 19996940
TI  - Increased prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis detected by coronary
      computed tomography angiography in HIV-infected men.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The degree of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in HIV-infected
      patients is unknown. We investigated the degree of subclinical atherosclerosis
      and the relationship of traditional and nontraditional risk factors to early
      atherosclerotic disease using coronary computed tomography angiography. DESIGN
      AND METHODS: Seventy-eight HIV-infected men (age 46.5 +/- 6.5 years and duration
      of HIV 13.5 +/- 6.1 years, CD4 T lymphocytes 523 +/- 282; 81% undetectable viral
      load), and 32 HIV-negative men (age 45.4 +/- 7.2 years) with similar demographic
      and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, without history or symptoms of
      CAD, were prospectively recruited. 64-slice multidetector row computed tomography
      coronary angiography was performed to determine prevalence of coronary
      atherosclerosis, coronary stenosis, and quantitative plaque burden. RESULTS HIV
      infected men demonstrated higher prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis than non
      HIV-infected men (59 vs. 34%; P = 0.02), higher coronary plaque volume [55.9 (0
      207.7); median (IQR) vs. 0 (0-80.5) microl; P = 0.02], greater number of coronary
      segments with plaque [1 (0-3) vs. 0 (0-1) segments; P = 0.03], and higher
      prevalence of Agatston calcium score more than 0 (46 vs. 25%, P = 0.04), despite
      similar Framingham 10-year risk for myocardial infarction, family history of CAD,
      and smoking status. Among HIV-infected patients, Framingham score, total
      cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, CD4/CD8 ratio, and monocyte chemoattractant
      protein 1 were significantly associated with plaque burden. Duration of HIV
      infection was significantly associated with plaque volume (P = 0.002) and
      segments with plaque (P = 0.0009) and these relationships remained significant
      after adjustment for age, traditional risk factors, or duration of antiretroviral
      therapy. A total of 6.5% (95% confidence interval 2-15%) of our study population
      demonstrated angiographic evidence of obstructive CAD (>70% luminal narrowing) as
      compared with 0% in controls. CONCLUSION: Young, asymptomatic, HIV-infected men
      with long-standing HIV disease demonstrate an increased prevalence and degree of
      coronary atherosclerosis compared with non-HIV-infected patients. Both
      traditional and nontraditional risk factors contribute to atherosclerotic disease
      in HIV-infected patients.

PMID- 19996943
TI  - Persistent atrial paralysis.

PMID- 19996944
TI  - A "mobile" crescent.

PMID- 19996945
TI  - Predicting the success of an anesthesiology trainee: is there a method to our
      madness?

PMID- 19996946
TI  - Surgery as a teachable moment for smoking cessation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A "teachable moment" is an event that motivates spontaneous behavior
      change. Some evidence suggests that major surgery for a smoking-related illness
      can serve as a teachable moment for smoking cessation. This study tested the
      hypotheses that surgery increases the likelihood of smoking cessation and that
      cessation is more likely after major surgical procedures compared with outpatient
      surgery. METHODS: Secondary analyses were performed of longitudinal biennial
      survey data (1992-2004) from the nationally representative Health and Retirement
      Study of U.S. adults older than 50 yr, determining the relationship between the
      incidence of smoking cessation and the occurrence of surgery. RESULTS: Five
      thousand four hundred ninety-eight individuals reported current smoking at
      enrollment, and 2,444 of them (44.5%) quit smoking during the period of
      examination. The incidence of quitting in smokers undergoing major surgery was
      20.6/100 person-years of follow-up and 10.2/100 person-years in those undergoing
      outpatient surgery. In a multivariate negative binomial regression model, the
      incidence rate ratio of quitting associated with major surgery was 2.02 (95% CI:
      1.67-2.44) and that of those associated with outpatient surgery was 1.28 (95% CI:
      1.09-1.50). Estimates derived from national surgical utilization data show that
      approximately 8% of all quit events in the United States annually can be
      attributed to the surgical procedures analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Undergoing surgery
      is associated with an increased likelihood of smoking cessation in the older U.S.
      population. Cessation is more likely in association with major procedures
      compared with outpatient surgery. These data support the concept that surgery is
      a teachable moment for smoking cessation.

PMID- 19996947
TI  - Perioperative intravenous amiodarone does not reduce the burden of atrial
      fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac valvular surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is a common complication after cardiac surgery.
      Postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with increased risks of morbidity
      and mortality, and, therefore, preventive strategies using oral amiodarone have
      been developed but are often unpractical. Intravenous amiodarone administered
      after the induction of anesthesia and continued postoperatively for 48 h could
      represent an effective strategy to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation in
      patients undergoing cardiac valvular surgery. METHODS: Single-center, double
      blinded, double-dummy, randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing
      valvular surgery. Patients received either an intravenous loading dose of 300 mg
      of amiodarone or placebo in the operating room, followed by a perfusion of 15 mg
      . kg(-1) . 24 h(-1) for 2 days. The primary endpoint was the development of
      atrial fibrillation occurring at any time within the postoperative period.
      RESULTS: One hundred twenty patients were randomly assigned (mean age was 65 +/-
      11 yr). Overall atrial fibrillation occurred more frequently in the perioperative
      intravenous amiodarone group compared with the placebo group (59.3 vs. 40.0%; P =
      0.035). Four preoperative factors were found to be independently associated with
      a higher risk of developing postoperative atrial fibrillation: older age (P =
      0.0003), recent myocardial infarction (<6 months; P = 0.026), preoperative angina
      (P = 0.0326), and use of a calcium channel blocker preoperatively (P = 0.0078)
      when controlling for groups. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing cardiac valvular
      surgery, a strategy using intravenous amiodarone for 48 h is not efficacious in
      reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation during cardiac valvular surgery.

PMID- 19996948
TI  - Improving efficiency and patient satisfaction in a tertiary teaching hospital
      preoperative clinic.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Clinical and organizational aspects of the preoperative visit can
      have a significant impact on patient satisfaction. The authors' previous work
      demonstrated that communication of information from the clinician to the patient
      was found to be the most positively rated component, whereas organizational
      issues, particularly waiting time, were the most negative. This study compares
      two yearly cycles of patient satisfaction surveys to assess the process and
      impact of implementation of changes. METHODS: The authors distributed a one-page
      questionnaire, consisting of elements evaluating satisfaction with clinical
      providers and with organizational aspects of the visit, to patients in their
      preoperative clinic during two different time periods. Fourteen different
      questions had five Likert scale options ranging from excellent to poor. Changes
      implemented included clerical, scheduling, and clinical changes. RESULTS: The
      overall collection rate of completed questionnaires was 79%. The scores for each
      question in Cycle 2 were higher for all questions, with 3 of 14 reaching
      statistical significance (P < 0.01). These questions related to the explanation
      of the Preoperative Assessment Clinic by the surgeon's office, courtesy and
      efficiency of the clinic staff, and satisfaction with waiting time. Average
      waiting time was reduced from 92 to 41 min (P < or = 0.0001). CONCLUSION:
      Analysis of patient flow and clinic operations led to alterations in clinic
      processes. Alterations included education of clinic and surgical office staff to
      improve customer service, and implementation of changes in provider roles. These
      modifications resulted in an improvement in patient satisfaction and a reduction
      in waiting time with minimal economic impact.

PMID- 19996949
TI  - Sex-specific mediation of opioid-induced hyperalgesia by the melanocortin-1
      receptor.
AB  - BACKGROUND: N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists reverse hyperalgesia during
      morphine infusion in male mice only. Because the melanocortin-1 receptor can act
      as a female-specific counterpart to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in kappa
      opioid analgesic mechanisms, the authors assessed the contribution of
      melanocortin-1 receptors to the sex-specific mechanisms underlying morphine
      hyperalgesia. METHODS: The tail-withdrawal test was used to compare the
      nociceptive responses of male and female C57BL/6J (B6) mice with those of
      C57BL/6J-Mc(1r(e/e)) mice, spontaneous mutants of the B6 background lacking
      functional melanocortin-1 receptors, during continuous morphine infusion (1.6 and
      40.0 mgkg(-1) . 24 h(-1)). Separate groups of hyperalgesic B6 and outbred CD-1
      mice were injected with MK-801 or MSG606, selective N-methyl-D-aspartate and
      melanocortin-1 receptor antagonists, respectively. RESULTS: Morphine infusion
      (40.0 mg . kg(-1) . 24 h(-1)) reduced baseline withdrawal latencies by 45-55% in
      B6 mice of both sexes, indicating hyperalgesia; this increased nociception was
      manifest in male e/e mice only. Although MK-801 reversed hyperalgesia in male
      mice only, increasing latencies by 72%, MSG606 increased latencies by
      approximately 60% exclusively in females. A lower morphine infusion dose (1.6 mg
      . kg(-1) . 24 h(-1)) reduced baseline withdrawal latencies by 45-52% in B6 and
      e/e mice of both sexes, which was reversed by MK-801, but not MSG606, in both
      male and female B6 mice. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate the sex-specific
      mediation of high-dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia by N-methyl-d-aspartate and
      melanocortin-1 receptors in male and female mice, respectively, suggesting a
      broader relevance of this known sexual dimorphism. The data further indicate that
      the neural substrates contributing to hyperalgesia are morphine dose-dependent.

PMID- 19996950
TI  - Isoflurane postconditioning protects against reperfusion injury by preventing
      mitochondrial permeability transition by an endothelial nitric oxide synthase
      dependent mechanism.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in isoflurane
      postconditioning (IsoPC)-elicited cardioprotection is poorly understood. The
      authors addressed this issue using eNOS mice. METHODS: In vivo or Langendorff
      perfused mouse hearts underwent 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion
      in the presence and absence of postconditioning produced with isoflurane 5 min
      before and 3 min after reperfusion. Ca+-induced mitochondrial permeability
      transition (MPT) pore opening was assessed in isolated mitochondria.
      Echocardiography was used to evaluate ventricular function. RESULTS:
      Postconditioning with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentrations of
      isoflurane decreased infarct size from 56 +/- 10% (n = 10) in control to 48 +/-
      10%, 41 +/- 8% (n = 8, P < 0.05), and 38 +/- 10% (n = 8, P < 0.05), respectively,
      and improved cardiac function in wild-type mice. Improvement in cardiac function
      by IsoPC was blocked by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nonselective nitric
      oxide synthase inhibitor) administered either before ischemia or at the onset of
      reperfusion. Mitochondria isolated from postconditioned hearts required
      significantly higher in vitro Ca+ loading than did controls (78 +/- 29 microm vs.
      40 +/- 25 microm CaCl2 per milligram of protein, n = 10, P < 0.05) to open the
      MPT pore. Hearts from eNOS mice displayed no marked differences in infarct size,
      cardiac function, and sensitivity of MPT pore to Ca+, compared with wild-type
      hearts. However, IsoPC failed to alter infarct size, cardiac function, or the
      amount of Ca+ necessary to open the MPT pore in mitochondria isolated from the
      eNOS hearts compared with control hearts. CONCLUSIONS: IsoPC protects mouse
      hearts from reperfusion injury by preventing MPT pore opening in an eNOS
      dependent manner. Nitric oxide functions as both a trigger and a mediator of
      cardioprotection produced by IsoPC.

PMID- 19996951
TI  - Fluid resuscitation does not improve renal oxygenation during hemorrhagic shock
      in rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The resuscitation strategy for hemorrhagic shock remains
      controversial, with the kidney being especially prone to hypoxia. METHODS: The
      authors used a three-phase hemorrhagic shock model to investigate the effects of
      fluid resuscitation on renal oxygenation. After a 1-h shock phase, rats were
      randomized into four groups to receive either normal saline or hypertonic saline
      targeting a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of either 40 or 80 mmHg. After such
      resuscitation, rats were transfused with the shed blood. Renal macro- and
      microcirculation were monitored with cortical and outer-medullary microvascular
      oxygen pressure, renal oxygen delivery, and renal oxygen consumption measured
      using oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic shock
      was characterized by a drop of aortic blood flow, MAP, renal blood flow, renal
      oxygen delivery, renal oxygen consumption, and renal microvascular PO2. During
      the fluid resuscitation phase, normal saline targeting a MAP = 80 mmHg was the
      sole strategy able to restore aortic blood flow, renal blood flow, and renal
      oxygen consumption, although without improving renal oxygen delivery. However,
      none of the strategies using either normal saline or hypertonic saline or
      targeting a high MAP could restore the renal microvascular Po2. Blood transfusion
      increased microvascular Po2 but was unable to totally restore renal microvascular
      oxygenation to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental rat study shows
      that (1) high MAP-directed fluid resuscitation (80 mmHg) does not lead to higher
      renal microvascular Po2 compared with fluid resuscitation targeted to MAP (40
      mmHg); (2) hypertonic saline is not superior to normal saline regarding renal
      oxygenation; and (3) decreased renal oxygenation persists after blood
      transfusion.

PMID- 19996952
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord distribution of hyperbaric bupivacaine and
      baclofen during slow intrathecal infusion in pigs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of implanted pumps for continuous
      intrathecal drug delivery, there have been no studies aimed at defining the
      effect of baricity and posture on drug distribution in the cerebrospinal fluid
      and spinal cord during the very slow infusion rates typically used for chronic
      intrathecal drug administration. METHODS: Intrathecal microdialysis probes were
      placed at six points along the neuraxis in both the anterior and posterior
      intrathecal space of anesthetized pigs to permit cerebrospinal fluid sampling.
      Animals were then positioned either vertically or horizontally (prone), and a
      hyperbaric solution containing bupivacaine (7.5 mg/ml) and baclofen (2 mg/ml) was
      infused at 20 microl/h for 6 h, while the cerebrospinal fluid was collected for
      measurement of drug concentration. At the end of the experiment, the animals were
      killed, and the spinal cord was removed and divided into 1-cm sections that were
      further divided into anterior and posterior portions for measurement of drug
      concentration. RESULTS: Bupivacaine and baclofen distribution was biased caudally
      in the vertical group and cephalad in the horizontal group. Drug concentration
      decreased rapidly in the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord as a function of
      distance from the site of administration in both groups, resulting in most drugs
      being located in very close proximity to the site of infusion. CONCLUSION: Even
      at very slow infusion rates, drug distribution within the cerebral spinal fluid
      and spinal cord are affected by baricity/posture. These findings suggest that
      patient position and solution baricity may be important clinical factors
      determining the distribution and ultimate efficacy of chronic intrathecal drug
      infusions.

PMID- 19996953
TI  - Blood pressure, but not cerebrospinal fluid fentanyl concentration, predicts
      duration of labor analgesia from spinal fentanyl.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is a wide variability in dilution of drugs in cerebrospinal
      fluid after spinal injection, as measured near the site of injection. With local
      anesthetics, there is a wide variability in speed of onset, which correlates with
      block duration. The authors tested whether local cerebrospinal fluid drug
      concentrations and onset time would predict duration of analgesia from spinal
      fentanyl in laboring women. METHODS: After written informed consent, fentanyl (50
      microg) was injected using the combined spinal epidural method in 56 women
      requesting analgesia for labor. The stylet was reinserted in the spinal needle,
      and 60 s later, the cerebrospinal fluid was aspirated for fentanyl assay. Time to
      analgesia and duration of analgesia were recorded, and data were analyzed by
      linear regression. RESULTS: Fifty-two women were included for data analysis. The
      cerebrospinal fluid fentanyl concentrations were 3.1 +/- 5.9 microg/ml, with a 7
      fold range (0.9-5.9 microg/ml). Fentanyl concentration did not correlate with
      onset, initial sensory level at 5 and 10 min, or duration of analgesia. Decreased
      diastolic and increased systolic blood pressure and lower parity, but not
      fentanyl concentrations, correlated with longer labor analgesia. The resultant
      model was predictive when applied to data from four previous studies of spinal
      opioid analgesia duration. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our hypothesis, the local
      concentration of fentanyl in the cerebrospinal fluid 1 min after injection was
      not correlated with onset or duration of labor analgesia. The unexpected but
      consistent relationship between blood pressure and combined spinal epidural
      analgesia duration suggests that resting hemodynamic state affects the
      distribution and/or clearance of intrathecally administered opioids.

PMID- 19996954
TI  - Randomized study assessing the accuracy of cervical facet joint nerve (medial
      branch) blocks using different injectate volumes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a frequent cause of disability, with facet joint
      arthropathy accounting for a large percentage of cases. The diagnosis of cervical
      facet joint pain is usually made with diagnostic blocks of the nerves that
      innervate them. Yet, medial branch blocks are associated with a high false
      positive rate. One hypothesized cause of inaccurate diagnostic blocks is
      inadvertent extravasation of injectate into adjacent pain-generating structures.
      The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of medial branch blocks
      by using different injectate volumes. METHODS: Twenty-four patients received
      cervical medial branch blocks, using either 0.5 or 0.25 ml of bupivacaine mixed
      with contrast. One half of the patients in each group were suballocated to
      receive the blocks in the prone position and the other half through a lateral
      approach. Participants then underwent computed tomography of the cervical spine
      to evaluate accuracy and patterns of aberrant contrast spread. RESULTS: Sixteen
      instances of aberrant spread were observed in nine patients receiving blocks
      using 0.5 ml versus seven occurrences in six patients in the 0.25 ml group (P =
      0.07). Aberrant spread was most commonly observed (57%) when an injection at C3
      engulfed the third occipital nerve. Among the 86 nerve blocks, foraminal spread
      occurred in five instances using 0.5 ml and in two cases with 0.25 ml. The six
      "missed" nerves were equally divided between treatment groups. No significant
      difference in any outcome measure was observed between the prone and lateral
      positions. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the volume during cervical medial branch blocks
      may improve precision and accuracy.

PMID- 19996955
TI  - Guarding pain and spontaneous activity of nociceptors after skin versus skin plus
      deep tissue incision.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Guarding pain after rat plantar incision is similar to pain at rest
      in postoperative patients. Spontaneous activity (SA) in nociceptive pathways
      quite likely transmits such ongoing pain. This study examined the extent of
      tissue injury by incision on pain behaviors and nociceptor SA. METHODS: Rat pain
      behaviors were measured after a sham procedure, skin incision, or skin plus deep
      tissue incision. Separate groups of rats underwent in vivo single-fiber recording
      1 day after a sham procedure, skin, or skin plus deep tissue incision or 7 days
      after skin plus deep tissue incision. RESULTS: Compared with the control
      procedure, skin incision induced moderate guarding on the day of incision only,
      whereas skin plus deep tissue incision caused guarding for 5 days. Mechanical and
      heat hyperalgesia were similar in both incised groups, except that mechanical
      hyperalgesia lasted longer after skin plus deep tissue incision. On Postoperative
      Day 1, skin incision (18.2%) produced a similar prevalence of SA in nociceptors
      as in controls (13.0%), whereas skin plus deep tissue incision generated a
      greater prevalence of SA (61.0%); SA rate also tended to be greater (6.1 vs. 10.0
      imp/s) after skin plus deep tissue incision. Seven days after skin plus deep
      tissue incision, the SA prevalence was similar (13.6%) as in controls.
      CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated that incised deep tissue rather than skin
      had a central role in the genesis of guarding behavior and nociceptor SA.
      Understanding the responses of deep tissue to incision and the mechanisms for
      deep tissue pain will improve postoperative pain management.

PMID- 19996956
TI  - Effects of prone and reverse trendelenburg positioning on ocular parameters.
AB  - BACKGROUND: : In a pilot study of awake volunteers, intraocular pressure (IOP),
      choroid layer thickness, and optic nerve diameter were shown to increase in the
      prone position over 5 h with a nonsignificant trend of attenuation using a 4
      degree increase of table inclination. These effects have previously not been
      isolated from anesthetic and fluid administration over a prolonged period, using
      an adequate sample size. METHODS: : After institutional review board approval, 10
      healthy volunteers underwent IOP measurement (Tono-Pen XL, Medtronic Solan,
      Jacksonville, FL) as well as choroidal thickness and optic nerve diameter
      assessment (Sonomed B-1000, Sonomed, Inc., Lake Success, NY, or the I System-ABD,
      Innovative Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, CA) on a Jackson table (Orthopedic Systems,
      Inc., Union City, CA), during 5 h horizontal prone and 5 h 4-degree reverse
      Trendelenburg positioning. Measurements were assessed as initial supine, initial
      prone, and hourly thereafter. Vital signs were recorded at each position and time
      point. RESULTS: : IOP, choroidal thickness, and optic nerve diameter were
      observed to increase with time in the prone position. A small degree of reverse
      Trendelenburg attenuated the increase in choroidal thickness but not IOP or optic
      nerve diameter. CONCLUSIONS: : Prolonged prone positioning increases IOP, choroid
      layer thickness, and optic nerve diameter independent of anesthetics and
      intravenous fluid infusion and 4 degrees of table inclination (15 cm of head to
      foot vertical disparity) may not attenuate these effects.

PMID- 19996957
TI  - Case scenario: postoperative delirium in elderly surgical patients.

PMID- 19996960
TI  - Treatment of mild-moderate calcified coronary lesions with sirolimus-eluting
      stent: real world data from a single center.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Calcified coronary lesions have commonly been considered as a
      challenge for interventional cardiologists, and few previous studies of sirolimus
      eluting stent (SES) for calcified lesion have been limited by small sample size.
      Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of SES implantation for the treatment
      of calcified lesions in a large Chinese cohort of real world practice. METHODS: A
      total of 956 consecutive patients who successfully received SES placement were
      enrolled in this study, and were divided into the two groups according to whether
      the mild-moderate calcified lesion treated with SES exists or not: noncalcified
      group (n = 637) and calcified group (n = 319). Lesions treated with SES were
      subjected to quantitative coronary angiography immediately and 8 months after
      stenting. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics including clinical, demographic or
      angiographic data were well balanced between the noncalcified and calcified
      groups. In the angiographic follow-up at 8 months, the in-stent restenosis and in
      segment restenosis rates were similar in both the groups (in-stent restenosis:
      3.8 vs. 4.0%, P>0.05; in-segment restenosis: 8.5 vs. 9.7%, P>0.05). The target
      lesion revascularization was not different between the two groups (5.2 vs. 6.8%;
      P>0.05). In addition, the in-stent late loss and overall thrombosis rate were
      also similar in both the groups (0.17+/-0.41 vs. 0.18+/-0.35 mm and 1.8 vs. 1.8%,
      P>0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although stenting of the calcified lesion was
      hard, successful treatment with SES for mild-moderate calcified lesions was
      conferred to similar favorable results compared with noncalcified lesions in
      patients with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 19996961
TI  - Abnormal spatial QRS-T angle predicts mortality in patients undergoing dobutamine
      stress echocardiography for suspected coronary artery disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between (cardiac) mortality and spatial
      QRS-T angle in patients undergoing dobutamine - atropine stress echocardiography
      (DSE) for evaluation of known or suspected coronary disease. METHODS: Between
      1990 and 2003, 2347 patients underwent DSE for evaluation of coronary disease at
      the Erasmus Medical Center. Echocardiographic images were analyzed offline using
      a 16-segment, 5-point scoring model for regional function. Twelve-lead resting
      ECGs were analyzed and patients were grouped in three categories according to
      their spatial QRS-T angle: normal (0-105 degrees), borderline (105-135 degrees),
      and abnormal (135-180 degrees). RESULTS: Mean age was 61+/-13 years, 66% were
      male, 32% had hypertension, 26% had hypercholesterolemia, 28% were smokers, and
      12% were diabetic. During a mean follow-up of 7+/-3.4 years, 26.5% (623) of the
      patients died; 15.3% (359) died due to a cardiac cause. Abnormal QRS-T angle (135
      180 degrees ) was present in 21% of the patients. Abnormal QRS-T angle was a
      predictor of cardiac death [hazard ratio: 3.2 (2.6-4.1)] and all-cause mortality
      [hazard ratio: 2.2 (1.8-2.6)]. After multivariate analysis abnormal and
      borderline QRS-T angle, peak wall motion score, age, male sex, history of
      diabetes, history of heart failure, smoking, and hypertension were independent
      predictors of (cardiac) death. CONCLUSION: Abnormal QRS-T angle is an independent
      predictor of (cardiac) death in patients undergoing DSE. Abnormal QRS-T angle
      should be considered as a risk factor in stable patients evaluated for coronary
      disease.

PMID- 19996962
TI  - Use of exhaled breath condensate to investigate occupational lung diseases.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present study reviews recent data concerning the
      assessment of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pulmonary biomarkers in the field
      of occupational medicine. RECENT FINDINGS: EBC is a suitable matrix to assess
      respiratory health status in workers exposed to pneumotoxic substances, due to
      its ability to quantify lung tissue dose and consequent pulmonary effects.
      Published data show that toxic metals and trace elements are detectable in EBC,
      raising the possibility of using this medium to quantify the lung tissue dose of
      metals occurring in occupational settings. EBC analysis of biomarkers of exposure
      highlighted the potential use of EBC as completion of the biological monitoring
      of pneumotoxic compounds. Different biomarkers of effect, such as oxidative
      stress and inflammatory-derived biomarkers have been applied in the investigation
      of occupational asthma and pneumoconiosis, suggesting that the collection of EBC
      may contribute to studying the pathological state of the airways of workers with
      acute and chronic exposure to pollutants. EBC measurements also seem to be
      reliable to detect the presence of carcinogenic processes in the respiratory
      system, by the analysis of various markers of oxidative stress, angiogenesis and
      DNA alterations related to lung cancer. This approach may open new frontiers in
      the study of workers currently or previously exposed to pulmonary carcinogenic
      agents. SUMMARY: The analysis of EBC is one of the most promising methods
      currently available for the study of pulmonary biomarkers of exposure, effect and
      susceptibility in occupational settings; being collected in a totally noninvasive
      way, it is particularly suitable to be applied in field studies and for
      longitudinal assessments of pulmonary biology.

PMID- 19996963
TI  - Correlation between the severity of sleep apnea and upper airway morphology in
      pediatric and adult patients.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent advances in upper airway imaging allow a better
      analysis of the upper airway morphology. With the increased accuracy of computed
      tomography, MRI and other imaging techniques, it becomes possible to identify
      very local changes in bony structure, soft tissues and lumen of the pharyngeal
      airway. These advances are able to provide new insights into obstructive sleep
      apnea (OSA) evaluation and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The present review intends
      to capture the current status of the research on the correlation between OSA
      severity and upper airway morphology. Morphological abnormalities that are
      responsible for OSA differ with age. Therefore, correlations between morphology
      and OSA in children and adults and the effects of puberty are discussed in
      different chapters. Literature provides several anatomical correlates that
      correlate with the severity of OSA but are not able to differentiate healthy
      individuals from OSA patients. SUMMARY: As anatomical correlates are not able to
      identify OSA in an individual, their main importance might lie in the selection
      of the ideal treatment on a patient-specific basis. Several sources report
      promising results in this use of morphological biomarkers. These, in combination
      with the new insights gained by the advances in imaging, should be the bases for
      additional research in the domain of treatment selection and result prediction.

PMID- 19996964
TI  - Ultrafiltration in the management of acute decompensated heart failure.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Admissions to hospital for acute decompensated heart failure
      continue to increase and represent a significant burden on both patients' and
      healthcare resources. The majority of these admissions are for the control of
      volume overload; however, standard treatment with intravenous diuretics is not
      always effective and can lead to increased renal morbidity. One alternative to
      standard therapy is mechanical fluid removal with ultrafiltration, this review
      will highlight the current evidence and efficacy regarding ultrafiltration use in
      acute heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple recent clinical trials have
      demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ultrafiltration in the management of
      acute heart failure. Ultrafiltration may be more effective at removing fluid than
      standard diuretic therapy and has been associated with beneficial long-term
      results. However, it remains to be determined whether ultrafiltration is truly
      nephroprotective and when and how this therapy is best utilized. SUMMARY:
      Ultrafiltration is an attractive alternative to standard diuretic therapy in the
      management of volume overload from acute heart failure. Further research is
      needed to confirm the cost-effectiveness and to determine long-term impacts on
      morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 19996965
TI  - Management of anemia in heart failure.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anemia is a relatively common finding in heart failure. Anemia
      in heart failure patients has been independently associated with reduced exercise
      tolerance, increased heart failure hospitalizations and increased all-cause
      mortality. Anemia would appear to be a reasonable treatment target for patients
      with heart failure. The review will discuss the potential causes of anemia in
      heart failure patients and give an up-to-date overview of treatment trials.
      RECENT FINDINGS: Studies assessing the pathophysiology of anemia in heart failure
      patients have recently demonstrated the potential importance of iron deficiency,
      abnormal iron metabolism and hemodilution. Treatment studies have focused on the
      use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, with recent trials showing mixed
      results. SUMMARY: Despite initial studies indicating a possible beneficial effect
      of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of anemic heart failure
      patients, clinical trial data, to date, have failed to show convincing evidence
      for morbidity or mortality benefit, and information on the long-term safety is
      lacking. Ongoing large-scale trials will have the potential to provide such
      information in the future.

PMID- 19996966
TI  - Positive end-expiratory pressure.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last 2 years, several reports have dealt with
      recruitment/positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) selection. Most of them
      confirm previous results and few add new information. RECENT FINDINGS: It has
      been definitely confirmed that opening pressures are different throughout the
      acute respiratory distress syndrome lung parenchyma, ranging from 5-10 up to 30
      40 cmH2O. The highest opening pressures are required to open the most dependent
      lung regions. It has been found that in 2 s, most of the recruitable lung regions
      may be open when a proper pressure is applied. The best way to assess recruitment
      is computed tomography scanning, whereas lung mechanics are a reasonable bedside
      surrogate. Impedance tomography has been increasingly tested, whereas gas
      exchange is the less reliable indicator of recruitment. A large outcome study
      showed that higher PEEP might provide survival benefit in a subgroup of more
      severe patients as compared with lower PEEP. To set PEEP in each individual
      patient, the use of the expiratory limb of the pressure-volume curve has been
      suggested. Setting PEEP according to transpulmonary pressure has a robust
      physiological background, although it requires confirmatory study. SUMMARY:
      Indiscriminate application of recruitment maneuver in unselected acute
      respiratory distress syndrome population does not provide benefits. However, in
      the most severe patients, recruitment maneuver has to be considered and higher
      PEEP applied. To individualize PEEP, the expiratory phase has to be considered,
      and the esophageal pressure measurement to compute the transpulmonary pressure
      should be progressively introduced in clinical practice.

PMID- 19996967
TI  - Ventilatory strategies for patients with acute brain injury.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The ventilation of patients with acute brain injuries can
      present significant challenges. Frequently, guidelines recommending management
      strategies for patients with traumatic brain injuries come into conflict with
      what is now considered best ventilatory practice. In this review, we will explore
      many of these areas of conflict. RECENT FINDINGS: The use of ventilatory
      strategies to control partial pressure of carbon dioxide in patients with
      traumatic brain injury is associated with the development of acute lung injury.
      Analysis of the International Mission for Prognosis And Clinical Trial (IMPACT)
      database has confirmed the association between hypoxia and poor neurological
      outcome. Although a recent meta-analysis has suggested a survival benefit for
      steroids in acute lung injury, the use of steroids has been associated with a
      worsening of outcome in patients with traumatic brain injuries and their effects
      on the brain have not been fully elucidated. SUMMARY: There are unlikely to be
      randomized controlled trials advising how best to ventilate patients with acute
      brain injuries because of the heterogeneous nature of such injuries. Hypoxia
      should be avoided. The more widespread use of multimodal brain monitoring,
      including brain tissue oxygen and cerebral blood flow monitoring, may allow
      clinicians to tolerate a higher arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide than
      has been traditional, allowing a less injurious ventilatory strategy. Modest
      positive end-expiratory pressure can be used. In severe respiratory failure, most
      'rescue' strategies have been attempted in patients with acute brain injuries.
      Choice of rescue therapy at present is best decided on a case-by-case basis in
      conjunction with local expertise.

PMID- 19996968
TI  - Editorial overview: gastrointestinal regulatory peptides.

PMID- 19996970
TI  - Re-evaluation of antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recently, recommendations from the American Heart Association
      regarding treatment of streptococcal tonsillo-pharyngitis were revised. This
      review provides the background for changes that were made in comparison with the
      group's 1995 recommendations. Recent papers on other issues relating to group A
      Streptococcus are also reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: For antibiotic treatment of
      streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis the recommendations for injectable penicillin
      and for oral erythromycin are downgraded. First choice remains penicillin V but
      there is increasing acceptance of once-daily amoxicillin. CONCLUSION:
      Streptococcal pharyngitis is still a major infectious disease seen in pediatric
      office practice. The main job of the practitioner is to make an accurate
      diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment in timely fashion in order to prevent
      acute rheumatic fever.

PMID- 19996969
TI  - Crossing the blood-brain barrier: clinical interactions between neurologists and
      hematologists in pediatrics - advances in childhood arterial ischemic stroke and
      cerebral venous thrombosis.
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The past year has marked a period of growing awareness of the
      need for improved diagnosis and treatment in children with arterial ischemic
      stroke (AIS) and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT). Here we review these
      conditions, highlighting the importance of the intersection between hematologic
      abnormalities and pediatric stroke as they impact clinical management. RECENT
      FINDINGS: Recent multicenter cohort studies are beginning to clarify the
      incidence, risk factors, clinical course and outcomes of AIS and CSVT in
      children. Key findings include: diagnosis rests on adequate neuroimaging and is
      often delayed more than 24 h after symptom onset; multiple risk factors and
      inciting events are often involved; one or more prothrombotic risk factors are
      common; recurrence is common; and selected groups of patients benefit from
      anticoagulation, and less frequently, thrombolytic therapies. SUMMARY: Progress
      in caring for children with AIS and CSVT requires greatly improved awareness of
      cerebrovascular disease among primary providers, who are most often the first
      point of contact, more rapid and specific diagnosis using appropriate advanced
      neuroimaging technologies, comprehensive hematologic evaluation for inherited and
      acquired thrombophilias, and multidisciplinary approaches to treatment.
      Additional large cohort studies and clinical trials are greatly needed to further
      clarify these issues.

PMID- 19996971
TI  - Vascular status and physical functioning: the association between vascular status
      and physical functioning in middle-aged and elderly men: a cross-sectional study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Living independently is an important component of quality of life.
      Cardiovascular diseases are prominent among the chronic conditions that
      predispose elderly people to functional limitations and disability, which impair
      quality of life. Insight into factors that play a role in the development process
      of limitations and disability of patients with subclinical cardiovascular
      diseases will aid in the development of preventive interventions. The aim of this
      study was to investigate the association of vascular status with muscle strength
      and physical functioning in middle aged and elderly men. DESIGN: The study is a
      population-based cross-sectional study in 400 men aged 40-80 years, independently
      living at the time of enrolment, performed in the University Medical Center
      Utrecht in The Netherlands. METHODS: Vascular status was measured noninvasively
      with ankle arm index, pulse wave velocity and intima-media thickness. Muscle
      strength was measured by isometric grip strength and physical performance was
      measured by Guralniks Physical Performance Score. RESULTS: After adjustment for
      confounders, no associations were found between vascular status and physical
      functioning. Stratifying did not reveal subgroups, such as older age, in which an
      association was present. CONCLUSION: Contrary to former study results, this study
      showed no age-independent association between the extent of vascular damage and
      physical performance and muscle strength.

PMID- 19996972
TI  - Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in German adolescents.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The distribution and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors among
      German adolescents is only poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To describe the
      prevalence of major modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and the
      clustering of risk factors in German adolescents aged 11-17 years. DESIGN: Cross
      sectional study. METHODS: The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for
      Children and Adolescents was conducted between 2003 and 2006. The prevalence of
      major CVD risk factors (smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension,
      dyslipidaemia and diabetes) and their clustering among 6813 11-17 year old
      adolescents was calculated according to age and sex. Associations with
      sociodemographic variables were investigated in multivariate logistic regression
      analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of all risk factors apart from diabetes and
      obesity increased significantly across age groups. At the age of 17 years smoking
      and physical inactivity were the most frequent risk factors. In addition to age,
      most consistent and strongest associations were observed between socioeconomic
      status and CVD risk factors. Although the age of 11 years the majority of boys
      and girls were free of CVD risk factors, at age 17 years more than three-quarters
      were exposed to at least one risk factor. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the
      prevalence of CVD risk factors is increasing rapidly across age groups from 11 to
      17 years. In late adolescence the majority of boys and girls are exposed to one
      or more CVD risk factor. Preventive actions will have to be expanded
      substantially to reduce the future burden of CVD.